abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 in limbs who undergo surgical treatment may present involvement of major vessels. The artery must be reconstructed for limb salvage and the vein may be reconstructed to avoid the onset of @entity101 . The objective of this study was to analyze the results from surgical treatment of @entity5 associated with vascular reconstruction in limbs. A prospective follow-up was made of 17 @entity1 with @entity5 involving major vessels in limbs who underwent vascular reconstruction. Arterial and venous reconstructions were performed in nine @entity1 , arterial reconstruction was performed in six, and venous reconstruction in two @entity1 . The vascular substitutes used were greater saphenous vein (19), expanded @entity736 prosthesis (5), and Dacron prosthesis (2). @entity455 occurred in seven @entity1 : one arterial graft rupture, three venous graft occlusions, and @entity4269 in five @entity1 . The following nonvascular complications occurred in 10 @entity1 : pulmonary metastasis (7), local recurrence (2), @entity51 (2), infection (2), partial @entity39 of the flap (1), and enteric @entity292 (1). Six @entity1 with pulmonary metastasis died. One @entity1 underwent transfemoral amputation. Major vessel reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of @entity5 is a safe procedure. Venous revascularization should be performed using an autologous substitute.

title: Vascular reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Cell cycle is driven by a number of positive and negative regulatory phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that ultimately influence the activity of transcription factors. Normal skin architecture depends on the regulation mechanisms of cell proliferation and differentiation and on apoptosis. Complex interaction of different factors in the regulation of these mechanisms, aimed at maintaining constant desquamation, is often changed in @entity272 . The main difference between normal cells and @entity5 cells results from discrete changes in specific genes important for cell proliferation control mechanisms and tissue homeostasis. These genes are mainly proto-oncogenes or @entity5 -suppressor genes, and their mutation could play a role in cell hyperproliferation and @entity105 . Tumor-suppressor genes normally function as a physiological barrier against clonal expansion or mutation accumulation in the genome. They also control and arrest growth of the cells that hyperproliferate due to oncogene activity. Alteration or DNA damage in @entity5 -suppressor genes and oncogenes are considered key events in @entity1 @entity105 . Tumor-suppressor protein @entity876 is an important transcription factor, which plays a central role in the cell cycle regulation mechanisms and cell proliferation control, and its inactivation is considered a key event in @entity1 @entity105 . The role of @entity876 protein in the cell cycle, high proportion of @entity5 with mutated @entity876 gene, and accumulation of significant amount of knowledge on molecular biology of this protein make this molecule especially attractive for development of new therapeutic approaches. Main strategies for development of new antineoplastic therapies are based on "wild-type" @entity876 protein acting as a @entity5 suppressor, selective apoptosis inductor, and a protein able to arrest cell cycle.

title: Protein XXXX --structure, function, and possible therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sublingual administration of allergens is a safe and effective alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1576 . A drawback to this therapeutic approach is the relatively long and complex management of the induction phase. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine whether different induction regimens affect the outcome of sublingual immunotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult and pediatric @entity1 with @entity56 and/or @entity565 were included in the study. Ten subjects served as controls and received symptomatic treatments. Forty-three subjects were allocated to sublingual immunotherapy, with three different induction protocols (8-, 15- and 20-day, respectively). Symptom and medication scores, skin test results and (in @entity748 @entity1 ) FEV1 values were monitored for two years. Adverse effects were recorded. All induction regimens produced a significant improvement in symptom and medication usage (p < 0.0001); skin test scores decreased (p < 0.0001) and FEV1 improved (p < 0.05). In contrast, symptom and skin test scores did not significantly change in controls. No relevant adverse effects were observed with any of the induction regimens. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity1576 , sublingual immunotherapy with an 8-day induction protocol is safe and effective. Our results encourage the usage of shorter induction regimens, which produce better compliance with this therapy.

title: The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for XXXX is not affected by different dosage regimens in the induction phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergy']


abstract: The @entity1893 include a broad range of @entity5 derived from the T cells and B cells and their precursors in the lymphoid system. Although they are not among the most common @entity5 , the @entity706 have engendered a great deal of interest among researchers because of their interesting biology and responsiveness to therapy. The @entity1893 include at least ten major subtypes of diseases with different morphologic characteristics and clinical behavior. Based upon survival characteristics, it is convenient to divide the @entity706 into three broad categories, low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade. The low @entity706 usually arise in middle age or older individuals (median age, 55 years). They are derived from B cells and often have a follicular architectural pattern. They usually present with advanced stages of disease, often by virtue of bone marrow involvement. Nevertheless, @entity1 are usually asymptomatic and may even have spontaneous regressions of disease. These @entity706 are responsive to a broad range of therapies including irradiation, single agent or multi-agent chemotherapy, or combined modality therapy. They are also affected by treatment with biologicals such as alpha interferon and monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, response to any of these therapies is often transient and relapse is common. The intermediate @entity706 include the common large cell @entity706 (follicular or diffuse) and @entity1893 . The @entity706 , together with the high grade @entity706 , are often grouped together for the development of management strategies. These @entity706 may be derived from B cells or T cells. They occur over a broader age range than the low @entity706 and they are much more @entity146 in their natural behavior. Effective treatment programs have been developed for both limited and advanced clinical stages of disease. In limited disease, moderately intensive chemotherapy is often combined with involved field irradiation. In @entity5 , more @entity146 combination chemotherapy programs are usually employed. From 40% to 80% of @entity1 may be cured with these approaches, depending upon the initial extent of disease. Two types of high grade @entity981 and small noncleaved cell are particularly @entity146 in their behavior. @entity981 is a @entity784 that often arises in adolescent males and presents with a large mediastinal mass, marrow, and CNS involvement. It closely resembles @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and similarly intensive chemotherapy programs as are utilized in @entity981 may be successful in its management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX : pathology, staging, treatment.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoblastic lymphoma', 'lymphoma-lymphoblastic', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['grade lymphomas', 'immunoblastic lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplasms', 'advanced stage disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mixed cell lymphoma', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: For the first time, @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ) was used to determine nucleic acids with a light scattering technique using a common spectrofluorometer. The interaction of @entity8681 with DNA results in greatly enhanced intensity of light scattering at 300 nm, which is caused by the formation of the big particles between DNA and @entity8681 . Based on this, a new quantitative method for nucleic acid determination in aqueous solutions has been developed. Under the optimum conditions, the enhanced intensity of light scattering is proportional to the concentration of nucleic acid in the range of 0.01-10.0 microg ml(-1) for herring sperm DNA (hsDNA), 0.02-10.0 microg ml(-1) for @entity291 thymus DNA (ctDNA), 0.02-20.0 microg ml(-1) for @entity375 RNA (yRNA). The detection limits are 5.3, 9.9, and 13.7 ng ml(-1), respectively. Synthetic samples were determined satisfactorily. At the same time, the light scattering technique has been successfully used to obtain the information on the effects of pH and ionic strength on the formation and the stability of the DNA/ @entity8681 complex, which is important in some fields such as genetic engineering and gene transfer. Using @entity5611 (EB) as a fluorescent probe, the binding of @entity8681 with hsDNA was studied. Both the binding constant of EB with DNA and the number of binding sites per @entity377 decrease with increasing concentration of @entity8681 , indicating noncompetitive inhibition of EB binding to DNA in the presence of @entity8681 . And the association constant of @entity8681 to DNA obtained is 1.2 x 10(5) M(-1). IR-spectra show that @entity8681 interacts with DNA through both the @entity1391 groups and the bases of DNA and the formation of DNA/ @entity8681 complex may cause the change of the conformation of the DNA secondary structure, which is also proved by UV-spectra.

title: The interaction of XXXX with nucleic acids and its use in determination of nucleic acids based on light scattering.

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylenimine)']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity12279 :: (MESH:D011094,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylenimine)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity438 and the surgical risks are modified by several factors including size, location, and presence of @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The main @entity911 arises because the backgrounds of the past reports describing the natural history or the surgical complication of @entity438 were different. The present study aimed to adjust the backgrounds and investigate the surgical indication with close monitoring of both surgically treated and untreated @entity438 . METHODS: In the past 9 years, 201 @entity1 who had unruptured anterior circulation @entity439 were monitored. The decision of the operation was not randomized. The @entity1 were divided into three subgroups by the size of the @entity439 (small group: below 5 mm, medium group: between 5 and 15 mm, large group: over 15 mm). In both surgically untreated and treated @entity1 , overall mortality and morbidity corresponding to Rankin score II or worse was counted as @entity439 related event. The ratio of event free was compared between surgically treated and untreated @entity1 using Log-rank test. RESULTS: In untreated @entity1 , @entity510 was noted in 1 in the small group and 4 in the medium group. The annual @entity397 rate of the medium group was 12 times higher than that of the small group. In surgically treated @entity1 , overall mortality and morbidity of the surgery was 2.3% in the small group, 3.6% in the medium group, and 20% in the large group. One surgically treated @entity1 had @entity510 because of regrowth of @entity439 . When ratio of event free was compared, no significant advantage of surgery was noted in the small group and in all of the @entity1 . However, the benefit of surgery was significant in the medium group (Log-rank p = 0.0189). CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicated that prophylactic surgery has a benefit for the medium-size @entity439 (5-15 mm) of the anterior circulation. For large @entity439 , individual investigation is necessary because of the variety of surgical difficulties, and the complex symptoms because of @entity397 and the mass effect as well as @entity999 . In small @entity439 , careful observation may be a reasonable choice unless the @entity439 is at a specially high risk of @entity397 .

title: Investigation of the surgically treated and untreated XXXX of the anterior circulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'unruptured aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: @entity460 channel blocking drugs are a chemically heterogenous group, so it might be expected that their effects on vascular smooth muscle, cardiac contractility, and conduction tissue may differ. However, the majority of adverse reactions are predictable from their pharmacological actions and may be conveniently grouped in the following categories: 1) vasodilatation, 2) negative inotropic effects, 3) conduction disturbances, 4) gastrointestinal effects, 5) metabolic effects, and 6) drug interactions. Vasodilatory symptoms, namely, @entity1296 , @entity10 , @entity1671 , and palpitation, are more likely with @entity594 . @entity4 is also common with @entity594 , but the mechanism is uncertain. For a given degree of vasodilation, the greatest negative inotropic effect is seen with @entity1855 first, @entity3988 second, and @entity594 last. @entity460 channel blocking drugs are contraindicated in @entity101 @entity1 with second and third degree @entity616 , and severe @entity712 . @entity1855 and @entity3988 have a significant effect on cardiac conduction, whereas @entity594 , in therapeutic doses, does not. @entity344 , such as @entity390 and @entity1142 , are common with @entity1855 . None of the @entity460 channel blocking drugs have been reported to adversely affect lipid or protein metabolism. However, @entity594 , @entity1855 , and @entity3988 in high doses may inhibit liberation of insulin. The significance of this finding needs to be explored further in @entity101 @entity6 . Serum digoxin levels have been shown to increase after administration of @entity1855 and @entity594 , but there is no evidence that this change has any clinical relevance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Side effects of XXXX channel blockers.

entities_list: @entity1671 :: ('MESH:D005483', 'Disease') :: ['flushing sensation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Local gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block, sick sinus syndrome']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity48194 has been characterized as the most efficient @entity1426 omega-hydroxylase catalyzing the formation of @entity15759 ( @entity15759 ), a potent constrictor of the renal and cerebral microcirculation and a mitogen for smooth muscle cells. We constructed adenoviruses expressing the @entity48194 cDNA or LacZ under the control of the smooth muscle cell-specific promoter @entity27057 (Ad-SM22-4A1 and Ad-SM22-nLacZ, respectively). Beta-galactosidase expression was detected in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced vascular smooth muscle A7r5 and PAC1 cells, but not in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced 3T3 fibroblasts or vascular endothelial cells. Likewise, @entity48194 mRNA and protein were detected in Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced A7r5 and PAC1 cells. Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced A7r5 cells metabolized @entity27146 to @entity70963 at a rate 5 times greater than that of cells transduced with Ad-SM22-nLacZ (4.79+/-1.77 versus 0.97+/-0.57 nmol @entity70963 /10(6) cells per h). Smooth muscle-specific LacZ expression was also detected in microdissected renal interlobar arteries transduced with Ad-SM22-nLacZ. Arteries transduced with Ad-SM22-4A1 produced higher levels of @entity15759 (4.04+/-0.29 and 13.43+/-2.84 ng/mg protein in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced and Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced arteries, respectively) and demonstrated a marked angiogenic activity measured as the total length of sprouting neovessels (12.63+/-3.66 mm in Ad-SM22-4A1-transduced vessels versus 1.79+/-0.89 mm in Ad-SM22-nLacZ-transduced vessels). This angiogenic activity represented endothelial cell sprouting and was fully blocked by treatment with @entity33374 , a selective inhibitor of CYP4A-catalyzed reactions. The inhibitory effect of @entity33374 was reversed by addition of a @entity15759 agonist. We conclude that Ad-SM22-4A1 drives a smooth muscle-specific functional expression of @entity48194 and demonstrates increased angiogenesis, presumably via increased production of @entity15759 .

title: Smooth muscle--specific expression of XXXX induces endothelial sprouting in renal arterial microvessels.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity15759 :: ('MESH:C055987', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '20-HETE']

entities_list: @entity27146 :: ('MESH:C030358', 'Chemical') :: ['lauric acid']

entities_list: @entity70963 :: ('MESH:C031263', 'Chemical') :: ['12-hydroxy-lauric acid', '12-hydroxy lauric acid']

answer: @entity48194 :: (50549(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CYP4A1']


abstract: Fifty-eight laparotomy-staged I and II @entity1 with upper torso presentations of @entity978 and 8 @entity1 with lymphangiogram-staged @entity66 were treated with radiotherapy alone or with 2 cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy. @entity1 with @entity66 with either no mediastinal or only small mediastinal disease without hilar involvement and with no "B" symptoms were treated with mantle radiotherapy alone. @entity1 with large mediastinal masses or hilar disease were treated with 2 cycles of MOPP followed by @entity1073 and low dose lung irradiation. Those for whom "B" symptoms were the only adverse prognostic feature received 2 cycles of MOPP and mantle radiotherapy. @entity1 with @entity66 were treated with radiotherapy alone if the disease was limited to the pelvis. Those with more extensive disease received 2 cycles of MOPP prior to radiotherapy. The 4-year survival for all 66 @entity1 was 97%. The corresponding disease-free and freedom from second relapse figures were 77% and 92%. Survival for the @entity1 with unfavorable presentations who received 2 cycles of MOPP and radiotherapy was 100%. It was 92% for the group with favorable presentations who were treated with radiotherapy only.

title: The adjuvant role of two cycles of MOPP and low-dose lung irradiation in stage IA through IIB XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['definitive mantle irradiation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['upper torso disease', 'lower torso disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: We have extended our investigations of the multiple binding modes that form between the @entity526 single strand binding ( @entity14769 ) protein and single-stranded DNA (Lohman, T. M. _ Overman, L. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 3594-3603; Bujalowski, W. _ Lohman, T. M. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 7799-7802) by examining the effects of anions, pH, @entity12947 , and protein binding density on the transitions among these binding modes. "Reverse" titrations that monitor the quenching of the intrinsic @entity2340 fluorescence of the @entity14769 protein upon addition of poly(dT) have been used to measure the apparent site size of the complex at 25 degrees C in pH 8.1 and 6.9 as a function of @entity7034 , @entity1219 , @entity15403 , and @entity8723 concentrations. Under all conditions in which "reverse" titrations were performed, we observe three distinct binding modes with site sizes of 35 +/- 2, 56 +/- 3, and 65 +/- 3 @entity2036 / @entity14769 tetramer; however, the transitions among the three binding modes are strongly dependent upon both the cation and anion valence, type, and concentration as well as the pH. A net uptake of both cations and anions accompanies the transitions from the ( @entity14769 )35 to the ( @entity14769 )56 binding mode at pH 6.9, whereas at pH 8.1 this transition is anion-independent, and only a net uptake of cations occurs. The transition from the ( @entity14769 )56 to the ( @entity14769 )65 binding mode is dependent upon both cations and anions at both pH 6.9 and 8.1 (25 degrees C), and a net uptake of both cations and anions accompanies this transition. We have also examined the transitions by monitoring the change in the sedimentation coefficient of the @entity14769 protein- @entity14770 complex as a function of @entity8723 concentration (20 degrees C, pH 8.1) and observe an increase in s20,w, which coincides with the increase in apparent site size of the complex, as measured by fluorescence titrations. The frictional coefficient of the complex decreases by a factor of two in progressing from the ( @entity14769 )35 to the ( @entity14769 )65 binding mode, indicating a progressive compaction of the complex throughout the transition. The transition between the ( @entity14769 )35 and the ( @entity14769 )56 complex is dependent on the protein binding density, with the lower site size ( @entity14769 )35 complex favored at higher binding density. These results indicate that the transitions among the various @entity14769 protein-single-stranded DNA binding modes are complex processes that depend on a number of solution variables that are thermodynamically linked.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Binding mode transitions of XXXX single strand binding protein-single-stranded DNA complexes. Cation, anion, pH, and binding density effects.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Treatment of intact NIH 3T3 cells with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) causes a rapid redistribution (stabilization) of protein kinase C to the particulate fraction. Part of the enzyme activity stabilized to the membrane fraction in response to @entity865 can be recovered associated with nuclear-cytoskeletal components. An apparently pure nuclear fraction prepared from NIH 3T3 cells was found to contain 25-30% of the total membrane-associated protein kinase C activity when isolated in the presence of @entity141 . In untreated control cells, most of this activity found with the nuclear fraction can be extracted by chelators. @entity4621 ( @entity865 ) treatment of NIH 3T3 cells induces the tight association of protein kinase C to the nucleus; this tightly bound activity is not dissociable by chelators and can be recovered only by solubilization with detergent. Nuclei purified from untreated @entity1 promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells contain higher amounts of chelator-stable, detergent-extractable protein kinase C activity compared with control NIH 3T3 cells. However, @entity865 treatment of HL-60 cells does not enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nuclear fraction. Immunohistochemical studies with polyclonal antibodies directed against protein kinase C further indicate that @entity865 treatment of NIH 3T3 cells does significantly enhance the amount of protein kinase C found tightly associated with the nucleus and cytoskeleton, whereas exposure of HL-60 cells to @entity865 does not appreciably alter the amount of protein kinase C observed to be associated with the nuclear fraction. The @entity865 -mediated association (activation) of protein kinase C to the nuclear and cytoskeletal fractions with NIH 3T3 cells is further supported by the enhanced phosphorylation of specific endogenous proteins noted when purified nuclei and cytoskeletal preparations are incubated with [gamma-32P] @entity855 . These results suggest that @entity5 promoters may induce association (activation) of protein kinase C with different subcellular components to alter the availability of endogenous substrates. This may result in differential responses by different cell types during exposure to @entity5 promoters.

title: XXXX -mediated association of protein kinase C to the nuclear fraction in NIH 3T3 cells.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['Phorbol ester']


abstract: Female @entity35 of ten different inbred strains were tested for their susceptibility to @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Five of these strains (OM, NSD, WF, LEWIS, BUFF) were demonstrated to be highly susceptible to @entity106 exposure developing greater than 2 continuously growing, macroscopically detectable @entity420 / @entity35 following gastric intubation with @entity106 . In contrast, the COP female @entity35 is completely resistant. Cross-breeding COP to any of the highly susceptible strains produced F1 hybrids which are resistant to @entity106 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Cross-breeding the same highly susceptible strains to the Fischer strain (i.e., a strain only intermediately susceptible to @entity106 ) produced F1 hybrids which were just as highly inducible as their highly susceptible non-Fischer parental strain. The resistance of the F1 hybrids produced by cross-breeding these highly susceptible strains to the @entity6475 therefore is not due to a recessive lack of susceptibility but to an active process of suppression of the high susceptibility of these F1 hybrids to @entity106 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. To determine if the site of action of the COP gene responsible for this suppression is in the mammary gland itself or at the host systemic level, a series of factors (i.e., host growth rate, mammary gland growth rate, systemic hormone level during the estrus cycle, serum and tissue levels of @entity106 and its metabolites) were compared between female @entity35 of the highly susceptible NSD versus the resistant @entity6475 . These results suggested that host systemic factors are not involved. To test this directly, donor mammary glands from the highly susceptible NSD and the resistant COP strains were transplanted into F1 hybrids produced by cross-breeding these two strains. The resultant donor glands were then directly exposed to @entity106 , the animals were followed, and the incidence of @entity420 was determined. Seventy % of the NSD donor glands developed continuously growing @entity5 while only 10% of COP donor glands did the same. These results are clearly incompatible with host systemic factors being the major determinant in the resistance of NSD X COP F1 hybrids to @entity106 -induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis. Instead, these results directly demonstrate that it is the genetic makeup of the donor mammary gland itself which determines its response to @entity106 exposure.

title: Inheritance of a genetic factor from the Copenhagen XXXX and the suppression of chemically induced mammary adenocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['COP strain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether intravenous @entity7988 is effective as pre-emptive @entity1337 for breast surgery. DESIGN: Randomised, controlled, double blind study. @entity1 AND METHODS: 50 @entity1 undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia randomised to receive either 100 mg intravenous @entity7988 30 minutes before (Group I), or immediately after @entity954 (Group II). Postoperatively, @entity158 scores (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) and time to rescue analgesic were recorded by an independent, blinded observer. The study was terminated when rescue analgesic was required (VAS > or =4 or demand for analgesic). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Continuous variables were analysed by the unpaired 't' test, discrete variables with the chi square test, and survival curves by the log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity158 scores were significantly lower in Group I till 10 hours after surgery. The number of @entity1 requiring @entity1337 at 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours was significantly lower in group I (0% vs. 47% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 44% [P <0.003], 0% vs. 80% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 100% [P <0.0001] respectively). The mean time for rescue analgesic was 15.47 -/+ 2.87 hours in group I versus 4.22 -/+ 2.55 hours in group II (P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pre-emptive @entity1337 with Intravenous @entity7988 (100mg) produces better postoperative @entity158 -relief in @entity1 undergoing breast surgery.

title: Efficacy of intravenous @entity7988 for pre-emptive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether intravenous @entity7988 is effective as pre-emptive @entity1337 for breast surgery. DESIGN: Randomised, controlled, double blind study. @entity1 AND METHODS: 50 @entity1 undergoing breast surgery under general anaesthesia randomised to receive either 100 mg intravenous @entity7988 30 minutes before (Group I), or immediately after @entity954 (Group II). Postoperatively, @entity158 scores (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) and time to rescue analgesic were recorded by an independent, blinded observer. The study was terminated when rescue analgesic was required (VAS > or =4 or demand for analgesic). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Continuous variables were analysed by the unpaired 't' test, discrete variables with the chi square test, and survival curves by the log-rank test. RESULTS: @entity158 scores were significantly lower in Group I till 10 hours after surgery. The number of @entity1 requiring @entity1337 at 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours was significantly lower in group I (0% vs. 47% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 44% [P <0.003], 0% vs. 80% [P <0.0001], 0% vs. 100% [P <0.0001] respectively). The mean time for rescue analgesic was 15.47 -/+ 2.87 hours in group I versus 4.22 -/+ 2.55 hours in group II (P <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pre-emptive @entity1337 with Intravenous @entity7988 (100mg) produces better postoperative @entity158 -relief in @entity1 undergoing breast surgery.

title: Efficacy of intravenous XXXX for pre-emptive @entity1337 .

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: @entity177 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . Routine monitoring of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas and grafts could increase access longevity. Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is a surveillance test advocated to detect early signs of vascular @entity715 . Venous pressure measurements obtained, per DOQI recommendations, in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis with an @entity2548 or graft were reviewed. Baseline venous pressures were established by calculating the mean of venous pressures obtained without an antecedent @entity715 . A paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressure measurements with pressures immediately preceding each @entity715 episode. Since some @entity1 had multiple @entity715 episodes, the assumption of independence was not met. A second paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressures with the mean pressure measurement per individual, obtained immediately preceding a @entity715 episode; 335 venous pressures were collected in ten pediatric @entity1 . Eighteen @entity715 occurred in five @entity1 , in whom a total of 241 venous pressures were measured. Venous pressures did not correlate with @entity715 events ( P=0.4284). Specific @entity715 events for each @entity1 were correlated with mean @entity1 -specific venous pressures and showed no correlation ( P=0.3229). Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is not an adequate predictor of access @entity715 in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Venous pressure monitoring does not accurately predict XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Access failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistula']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['access failure']


abstract: @entity177 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . Routine monitoring of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas and grafts could increase access longevity. Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is a surveillance test advocated to detect early signs of vascular @entity715 . Venous pressure measurements obtained, per DOQI recommendations, in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis with an @entity2548 or graft were reviewed. Baseline venous pressures were established by calculating the mean of venous pressures obtained without an antecedent @entity715 . A paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressure measurements with pressures immediately preceding each @entity715 episode. Since some @entity1 had multiple @entity715 episodes, the assumption of independence was not met. A second paired t-test was performed comparing mean baseline pressures with the mean pressure measurement per individual, obtained immediately preceding a @entity715 episode; 335 venous pressures were collected in ten pediatric @entity1 . Eighteen @entity715 occurred in five @entity1 , in whom a total of 241 venous pressures were measured. Venous pressures did not correlate with @entity715 events ( P=0.4284). Specific @entity715 events for each @entity1 were correlated with mean @entity1 -specific venous pressures and showed no correlation ( P=0.3229). Dynamic venous pressure monitoring is not an adequate predictor of access @entity715 in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Venous pressure monitoring does not accurately predict @entity177 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: DNA sequences of mono-, di-, and trinucleotide repeats are prone to replication errors and thus constitute mutational hot spots. This is well illustrated by the occurrence of DNA microsatellite instability in @entity5 from @entity1 affected by @entity14 ( @entity14 ) resulting from a defect in a gene that participates in postreplicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR). We selected repeat sequences present within coding regions of four genes involved in either cell proliferation or promotion of apoptosis. These repeats consisted of (A)10 in the @entity2534 , (G)8 in the @entity589 , (A)8 in the @entity9302 , and (CCA)7 in the APP genes. These repeats were analyzed in ten @entity5 from @entity14 @entity1 carrying a germline pathogenic mutation in the MMR gene @entity6756 . For each @entity5 the rate of somatic replication errors was measured by sequencing 20-50 cloned PCR-amplified fragments. Substantial intertumor variations were observed in the pattern of repeat alterations, with error rates varying between 12% and 80% for @entity2534 , 2% and 84% for @entity589 , 0% and 30% for @entity9302 , and 0% to 18% for APP. The @entity589 repeat error rate did not exceed 20% in nine of the ten @entity5 , in contrast to results from previous studies. High error rates in more than one gene in a same @entity5 suggested additive selective effects from inactivation of different pathways influencing tumorigenesis. Our methodology can contribute to define @entity5 characteristics and may, if applied to genes strongly involved in tumorigenesis, improve @entity5 classification and outcome prediction.

title: Differential rates of frameshift alterations in four repeat sequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer tumors']


abstract: In a study of 32 white @entity1 with @entity1252 from 28 families, 60 unique chromosome 6 haplotypes were defined. The MHC extended haplotype @entity4106 , SC01, GL02 was strongly disease-associated (0.09 @entity1 , 0.02 controls, RR = 4.5, C.I. = 1.6-12.4, P less than 0.05), while the corresponding haplotype with the GL01 specificity was not increased in frequency (0.05 in both @entity1 and controls). In the present data, the increase in the haplotype bearing GL02 accounted entirely for the association between HLA-DR3 and @entity1252 . Furthermore, the phenotype of complete @entity942 was also strongly disease-associated ( @entity1 0.14, controls 0.02, RR = 8.5, C.I. = 1.8-37.0, P less than 0.05). The only other MHC association in these @entity1 was an increased occurrence of the @entity6103 , SC61 haplotype ( @entity1 0.07, controls 0.01, RR = 6.0, C.I. = 1.8-20.6, P corr. less than 0.05). The relationship between MHC markers and @entity792 appears to be a result of an association with MHC extended haplotypes and @entity465 rather than with individual alleles. It is important that future studies include family members so that such haplotypes can be defined.

title: Major histocompatibility complex extended haplotypes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complete complement component deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['C4A deficiency']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Both activated normal and transformed lymphocytes produce not only cell-associated but also cell-free @entity2902 . Evidence of high serum concentrations of @entity2902 appears to serve as a @entity5 marker in @entity1 with @entity706 On the contrary, the role of soluble @entity2902 in solid @entity5 has still to be defined. This investigation was carried out to analyze soluble @entity2902 production in @entity1 @entity5 . The study included 35 @entity1 with @entity5 (12 without and 23 with @entity3 ), 58 healthy subjects and 6 @entity706 @entity1 . Among @entity5 @entity1 , lung and @entity0 were the two most frequent @entity5 . In each subject or patient, serum levels of @entity2902 were measured by using an enzyme immunoassay. Moreover, in 14/23 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 , lymphocyte subpopulations were also evaluated. Serum levels of @entity2902 were significantly higher in the @entity5 @entity1 than in the normal subjects. The @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 showed significantly higher mean levels than those without @entity3 , and similar to those observed in the @entity706 @entity1 . Finally, there was no correlation between serum levels of @entity2902 and the T4/T8 ratio, which was reduced in 5/14 @entity5 @entity1 . Further studies will be needed to establish if elevated concentrations of @entity2902 in the serum can contribute to the immunoincompetence of @entity1 with disseminated solid @entity5 .

title: Increased level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in advanced XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['solid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the 50-g, one-hour @entity413 screening test administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy for identifying @entity1 with @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred fifty-five @entity1 underwent 50-g, one-hour @entity413 screening tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy. Those with results > or = 135 mg/dL underwent 100-g, three-hour @entity413 tolerance tests. All @entity1 without diagnoses of gestational @entity6 during the second trimester of pregnancy underwent standard third-trimester @entity413 testing. RESULTS: @entity6 was diagnosed in 25 @entity1 . @entity413 screening tests administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy identified 96% (24) of these @entity1 . @entity1 with 16-week @entity413 screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL had a 55% risk of developing @entity6 during pregnancy, while the risk was 0.6% for @entity1 with 16-week test results < or = 110 mg/dL. @entity1 with 16-week @entity413 screening test results in the intermediate range, 111-134 mg/dL, had a 4.8% risk of developing @entity6 during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: @entity413 screening at 16 weeks of pregnancy is a useful alternative to third-trimester screening for gestational @entity6 . The negative predictive value of screening test results < or = 110 mg/dL is 99.4%. The positive predictive value for screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL is 55%. This latter finding is superior to the 8.6-22% found during the third-trimester.

title: Early-pregnancy @entity413 screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'Gestational diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of the 50-g, one-hour @entity413 screening test administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy for identifying @entity1 with @entity6 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred fifty-five @entity1 underwent 50-g, one-hour @entity413 screening tests at 16 weeks of pregnancy. Those with results > or = 135 mg/dL underwent 100-g, three-hour @entity413 tolerance tests. All @entity1 without diagnoses of gestational @entity6 during the second trimester of pregnancy underwent standard third-trimester @entity413 testing. RESULTS: @entity6 was diagnosed in 25 @entity1 . @entity413 screening tests administered at 16 weeks of pregnancy identified 96% (24) of these @entity1 . @entity1 with 16-week @entity413 screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL had a 55% risk of developing @entity6 during pregnancy, while the risk was 0.6% for @entity1 with 16-week test results < or = 110 mg/dL. @entity1 with 16-week @entity413 screening test results in the intermediate range, 111-134 mg/dL, had a 4.8% risk of developing @entity6 during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: @entity413 screening at 16 weeks of pregnancy is a useful alternative to third-trimester screening for gestational @entity6 . The negative predictive value of screening test results < or = 110 mg/dL is 99.4%. The positive predictive value for screening test results > or = 135 mg/dL is 55%. This latter finding is superior to the 8.6-22% found during the third-trimester.

title: Early-pregnancy XXXX screening for @entity6 .

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity453 rarely occurs after blunt @entity764 , but it can lead to extensive @entity583 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity1 was presented with @entity1032 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity910 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity75 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity432 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity7244 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute @entity583 after blunt XXXX in a young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['comatose mental state']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['LAD lesion']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery injury']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: @entity453 rarely occurs after blunt @entity764 , but it can lead to extensive @entity583 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity1 was presented with @entity1032 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity910 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity75 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity432 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity7244 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute XXXX after blunt @entity764 in a young @entity1 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity453 rarely occurs after blunt @entity764 , but it can lead to extensive @entity583 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity1 was presented with @entity1032 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity910 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity75 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity432 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity7244 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute @entity583 after blunt @entity764 in a young XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Constipation accounts for more than 2.5 million physician visits a year. Treatment of @entity1142 has been a long-standing and costly problem. Affecting approximately 4.5 million Americans, predominantly @entity1 and the elderly, @entity1142 can be persistent and difficult to manage. With the great number of laxative products available, more than  350 to  400 million is spent on over-the-counter laxatives each year. In addition to a complete history and physical examination, tests of anorectal function are useful in the assessment of @entity74 . Approximately 50% of @entity1 exhibit uncoordinated or dyssynergic defecation patterns. Biofeedback therapy may improve the symptoms of these @entity1 . Biofeedback therapy is labor-intensive, expensive, and available only at a few centers. Although the concept of dyssynergic defecation has existed for only a few years, its therapy, based on neuromuscular conditioning, is gaining recognition. The biofeedback program from one Midwestern tertiary care center is described. Although much still needs to be learned regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of dyssynergic defecation, its management with biofeedback is shown to be efficacious and may prove to be the treatment of choice for @entity1 with this dysfunction of the pelvic floor.

title: Biofeedback: its role in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['defecation disorders']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Until recently, Malassezia furfur was thought to be a pathogen only in tinea versicolor. More recently, this lipophilic @entity375 has been recovered from sick neonates with @entity1212 . @entity12045 was studied in seven @entity1 , and the salient features of this @entity281 in @entity1 described in the literature were reviewed. Major risk factors include prolonged hospitalization, the presence of central venous catheters, and the use of intravenous fat emulsions. It is difficult to identify specific manifestations of @entity12045 in these complex cases occurring in @entity1 with severe underlying disease; however, neonates often present with the signs and symptoms of @entity295 and @entity882 , whereas @entity221 may be the only manifestation in adults. Some @entity1 are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, they resolve upon removal of the colonized catheter. The role of the lipophilic nature of Malassezia in the pathogenesis of @entity281 is apparent from the ability of intravenous fat emulsions to support the growth of the fungus in vitro. A special solid medium that can be used to determine the true prevalence of @entity12045 has been devised. M. furfur must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1292 in @entity1 receiving central hyperalimentation and should be sought by the culture of blood on appropriate medium.

title: XXXX in neonates and adults: complication of hyperalimentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity12045 :: ('MESH:D016469', 'Disease') :: ['Malassezia fungemia', 'fungemia', 'malassezia fungemia']

answer: @entity12045 :: (MESH:D016469,Disease) :: ['Malassezia fungemia']


abstract: Optimal and early control of recent onset, @entity1723 by intensive insulin therapy has been reported to allow insulin withdrawal in about two thirds of subjects treated. We used continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in the attempt to induce a temporary remission of insulin @entity734 in 18 newly diagnosed young adult @entity6 . After 10 days of optimized glycometabolic control, insulin infusion was stopped and @entity1 were switched to @entity5217 (15 mg/die) plus @entity2449 (1 g/die). @entity6 were considered in remission of insulin @entity734 when their metabolic control fulfilled the following criteria for at least 3 months: absence of @entity10200 , pre- and post-prandial blood @entity413 less than or equal to 120 and 180 mg/dl, respectively, HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. Insulin therapy could be discontinued for periods of over three months in 11 subjects (61%) and for as long as 18 months in one case. Insulin requirement during CSII was slightly higher in nonremitters (NR) than in remitters (R): 0.36-0.64 vs 0.26-0.41 U/kg/die. After 24 months from CSII, R still showed lower insulin requirement (0.35-0.42 U/kg/die) than NR (0.55-0.75 U/kg/die). Further, the role of some hormonal and immunologic factors was investigated. Plasma C-peptide and glucagon were measured, fasting and 2h after each meal, both on admission and immediately after CSII, when @entity1 were switched to oral therapy. No difference in hormone levels could be detected on admission, whereas, after CSII, mean post-prandial increase of C-peptide over basal was significantly higher in R than in NR (1.18 +/- 0.37 vs 0.22 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Remission from insulin XXXX induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type I, newly diagnosed @entity6 : role of some hormonal and immunologic factors.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'Diabetics']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: Optimal and early control of recent onset, @entity1723 by intensive insulin therapy has been reported to allow insulin withdrawal in about two thirds of subjects treated. We used continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) in the attempt to induce a temporary remission of insulin @entity734 in 18 newly diagnosed young adult @entity6 . After 10 days of optimized glycometabolic control, insulin infusion was stopped and @entity1 were switched to @entity5217 (15 mg/die) plus @entity2449 (1 g/die). @entity6 were considered in remission of insulin @entity734 when their metabolic control fulfilled the following criteria for at least 3 months: absence of @entity10200 , pre- and post-prandial blood @entity413 less than or equal to 120 and 180 mg/dl, respectively, HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. Insulin therapy could be discontinued for periods of over three months in 11 subjects (61%) and for as long as 18 months in one case. Insulin requirement during CSII was slightly higher in nonremitters (NR) than in remitters (R): 0.36-0.64 vs 0.26-0.41 U/kg/die. After 24 months from CSII, R still showed lower insulin requirement (0.35-0.42 U/kg/die) than NR (0.55-0.75 U/kg/die). Further, the role of some hormonal and immunologic factors was investigated. Plasma C-peptide and glucagon were measured, fasting and 2h after each meal, both on admission and immediately after CSII, when @entity1 were switched to oral therapy. No difference in hormone levels could be detected on admission, whereas, after CSII, mean post-prandial increase of C-peptide over basal was significantly higher in R than in NR (1.18 +/- 0.37 vs 0.22 +/- 0.16 ng/ml, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Remission from insulin @entity734 induced by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type I, newly diagnosed XXXX : role of some hormonal and immunologic factors.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity1311 ( @entity20756 ) was conducted for advanced @entity1149 . @entity20756 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity20756 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity1 were allocated to each level. @entity137 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity20756 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity1398 ). The @entity1 , however, recovered from @entity1398 using @entity1261 immediately, when @entity1261 was used. @entity344 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity1 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity3003 (AUC 3) + @entity20756 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 administration in @entity1 with advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity1311 ( @entity20756 ) was conducted for advanced @entity1149 . @entity20756 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity20756 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity1 were allocated to each level. @entity137 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity20756 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity1398 ). The @entity1 , however, recovered from @entity1398 using @entity1261 immediately, when @entity1261 was used. @entity344 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity1 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity3003 (AUC 3) + @entity20756 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity1311 and XXXX administration in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity1311 ( @entity20756 ) was conducted for advanced @entity1149 . @entity20756 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity20756 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity1 were allocated to each level. @entity137 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity20756 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity1398 ). The @entity1 , however, recovered from @entity1398 using @entity1261 immediately, when @entity1261 was used. @entity344 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity1 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity3003 (AUC 3) + @entity20756 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly XXXX and @entity3003 administration in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity1311 ( @entity20756 ) was conducted for advanced @entity1149 . @entity20756 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity20756 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity1 were allocated to each level. @entity137 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity20756 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity1398 ). The @entity1 , however, recovered from @entity1398 using @entity1261 immediately, when @entity1261 was used. @entity344 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity1 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity3003 (AUC 3) + @entity20756 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 administration in XXXX with advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Most eukaryotic cells express two proteins, whose biosynthetic rates are determined by the intracellular @entity68 status. The genes for both these proteins, ferritin and the @entity69 receptor ( @entity8282 ), are regulated at the post-transcriptional level, but by entirely different mechanisms. Ferritin mRNA levels are not affected by acute changes in @entity68 availability. Ferritin biosynthesis is regulated translationally via a defined element contained within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the ferritin mRNA. This element has been highly conserved during evolution and has been termed an @entity68 -responsive element (IRE). In contrast to ferritin, the regulation of @entity8282 biosynthesis is mirrored by equivalent changes in @entity8282 mRNA levels. The genetic information for this regulation is mostly located in the region of the gene encoding the 3' UTR of the @entity8282 mRNA. Five elements that closely resemble the ferritin IRE are contained within the region which is critical for @entity8282 regulation. The IRE is suggested to function by forming a specific stem-loop structure that interacts with a transacting factor in an @entity68 -dependent fashion. We present a model that accommodates the mediation of distinct post-transcriptional regulatory phenomena via IREs.

title: A model for the structure and functions of XXXX -responsive elements.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) activity has been shown to be depressed under stressful conditions. Glucocorticoids, which are known to increase during stress, seem to negatively regulate the activity of NK cells. In the present study we have explored the effect of @entity701 ( @entity701 , HC) on NK activity. A significant inhibitory effect could be observed as early as 6 hr after the addition of HC at the concentration of 0.5 microM, corresponding to the upper physiological circulating level. Both the lysis and the binding of the K562 target cells were affected by HC, indicating that the hormone acts on the target recognition phase. The HC-mediated inhibition of the NK activity was fully reversed after 6 hr incubation in a HC-free medium. The observation of comparable levels of NK-inhibition using unseparated PBL or purified LGL, show that HC acts directly on LGL to inhibit their cytotoxic function. The effect of HC on the responsiveness of NK cells to the modifiers beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and recombinant interleukin 2 ( @entity5041 ) was also studied. Pre-incubation with HC did not alter the enhancement of the activity induced by beta-IFN, demonstrating that the HC- and beta-IFN-mediated effects occur in separate NK subsets. By contrast the increase of NK @entity137 induced by @entity5041 was lower in the HC-treated compared to the untreated cell cultures (35.8 +/- 6.2 and 20.7 +/- 4.3% respectively, p less than 0.05) which could indicate that a portion of the cells triggered by @entity5041 belong to the HC-sensitive NK subpopulation.

title: Effect of @entity701 on the native and in vitro induced non-MHC restricted XXXX of large granular lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Natural Killer (NK) activity has been shown to be depressed under stressful conditions. Glucocorticoids, which are known to increase during stress, seem to negatively regulate the activity of NK cells. In the present study we have explored the effect of @entity701 ( @entity701 , HC) on NK activity. A significant inhibitory effect could be observed as early as 6 hr after the addition of HC at the concentration of 0.5 microM, corresponding to the upper physiological circulating level. Both the lysis and the binding of the K562 target cells were affected by HC, indicating that the hormone acts on the target recognition phase. The HC-mediated inhibition of the NK activity was fully reversed after 6 hr incubation in a HC-free medium. The observation of comparable levels of NK-inhibition using unseparated PBL or purified LGL, show that HC acts directly on LGL to inhibit their cytotoxic function. The effect of HC on the responsiveness of NK cells to the modifiers beta-interferon (beta-IFN) and recombinant interleukin 2 ( @entity5041 ) was also studied. Pre-incubation with HC did not alter the enhancement of the activity induced by beta-IFN, demonstrating that the HC- and beta-IFN-mediated effects occur in separate NK subsets. By contrast the increase of NK @entity137 induced by @entity5041 was lower in the HC-treated compared to the untreated cell cultures (35.8 +/- 6.2 and 20.7 +/- 4.3% respectively, p less than 0.05) which could indicate that a portion of the cells triggered by @entity5041 belong to the HC-sensitive NK subpopulation.

title: Effect of XXXX on the native and in vitro induced non-MHC restricted @entity137 of large granular lymphocytes.

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: Positive skin tests or elevated levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum define IgE sensitization or "atopy." The term " @entity566 " refers to the clinical expression of @entity2015 . Genetic predisposition and @entity281 in early childhood, together with exposure and sensitization to environmental allergens, fix the basis for the elevation of IgE in infancy. Elevated IgE shortly after birth is associated with later onset of @entity56 . IgE participates both in the immediate @entity56 response and in the induction of @entity32 . The @entity56 response is distinct from other immune reactions in its reliance on IgE, its high-affinity receptor @entity220 , and the primary effector cell-the tissue mast cell. IgE initiates the process of @entity32 by binding to @entity220 on inflammatory cells in the airways, the gut, and the skin. Cross-linking of the IgE molecules bound to @entity220 on the surface of mast cells by allergen initiates the early-phase @entity56 . IgE bound to @entity220 sets off the release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity112 , @entity4443 and cytokines, and leads to eosinophilic infiltration and @entity32 in the affected mucosa or skin. IgE, attached to the low-affinity receptor FcepsilonRII on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells, enhances allergen capture and type 2 helper T (Th2) cell activation, and may trigger other immunoregulatory pathways. Considerable effort in therapeutic research has focused on interference with IgE function because of its position high in the @entity56 cascade. Therapy with anti-IgE is one such approach that shows much promise. Large clinical studies of anti-IgE in adults and @entity1 have documented its safety and effectiveness by demonstrating the reduction of free IgE in circulation, inhibition of both early- and late-phase @entity56 reactions, @entity134 sparing, and protection against exacerbation of @entity565 and @entity2023 .

title: Attainments in atop: special aspects of XXXX and IgE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'chronic allergic inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decreased infections']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic', 'allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['atopic IgE-mediated disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Chemical modification is a concept in @entity5 therapy in which the state of @entity5 cells or normal tissues is modified such that a therapeutic gain can be achieved using conventional therapeutic modalities. @entity519 zones targeted as cells within them may be radiation resistant, poorly perfused by chemotherapeutic agents, and possibly drug resistant due to @entity519 -related gene amplification. Nitroimidazoles have gained particular attention as chemical modifiers because they can increase the radiation sensitivity of @entity519 cells, are cytotoxic to @entity519 cells, can increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and are useful for imaging @entity519 cells. While both radiosensitization and chemosensitization require @entity519 , the mechanism of the enhancement of each of the modalities is different. The @entity13682 @entity519 sensitizers @entity11256 and @entity12184 , which are less toxic than the prototype @entity8712 (Miso), are in clinical trials, and dual function molecules that include a @entity519 sensitizer and alkylating function are being developed. The presence of both acutely and chronically @entity519 cells in animal @entity5 has been demonstrated by new imaging techniques. @entity26 delivery to @entity5 is being altered by the use of @entity11997 , and agents that alter hemoglobin affinity for @entity26 . Compounds that are selectively toxic to @entity519 cells are being developed. Nonhypoxic modifiers are also being investigated. @entity1432 modification, particularly the alteration of @entity2041 concentration, has complex effects on the cell's biochemistry, in addition to affecting the competition between @entity26 and @entity1432 groups for the restoration and fixation of radiation-induced radicals. @entity8503 is being studied as a means of reducing the normal tissue @entity137 of radiation and chemotherapy. Increased @entity1432 concentration may be a mechanism of cross-resistance between certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

title: Chemical modifiers of XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1432 :: ('CHEBI:29256', 'Chemical') :: ['thiol', 'Thiol']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity11997 :: ('MESH:D005466', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorocarbons']

entities_list: @entity13682 :: ('MESH:C006667', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitroimidazole']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with XXXX and @entity3003 for @entity66 following first @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity1311 and @entity3003 for @entity66 following first XXXX and @entity902 compounds in @entity43 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity1311 and XXXX for @entity66 following first @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds in @entity43 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity1311 and @entity3003 for @entity66 following first @entity1311 and XXXX compounds in @entity43 .

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity1311 and @entity3003 for XXXX following first @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds in @entity43 .

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['recurrent disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds is considered the best first-line regimen for advanced @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate a @entity1311 and @entity3003 combination in pretreated @entity1 who recurred within 24 months after a complete clinical response with the same regimen used as first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: 18 @entity1 were included in this study. Second-line chemotherapy consisted of @entity1311 , 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour infusion, and @entity3003 AUC 6 every 21 days. RESULTS: Among 15 evaluable @entity1 , eight (53%) complete and five (34%) partial responses were observed, while two (13%) @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The response rate was 67% among @entity1 with measurable disease and 52% for evaluable disease. The median progression-free interval after second-line chemotherapy was 8.3 months. The median progression-free interval for @entity1 with measurable disease was 8.6 months and for evaluable disease it was 7.9 months. Seven (46%) of 15 @entity1 have developed recurrence after second-line chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 with a median time to recurrence of 9.8 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity3003 AUC 6 as second-line chemotherapy in this sensitive population is effective in terms of response rate and progression-free interval.

title: Second-line with @entity1311 and @entity3003 for @entity66 following first @entity1311 and @entity902 compounds in XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: To evaluate the antithrombotic and antiallergic properties of @entity40974 extracted from Rhei Rhizoma, the in vitro and ex vivo inhibitory activities of @entity40974 and its metabolite, @entity70964 , were measured. These compounds inhibited in vitro @entity857 - and collagen-induced @entity1423 . @entity70964 was more potent, with IC50 values of 4 and 70 microg/ml, respectively. In ex vivo @entity857 - and collagen-induced @entity35 @entity1423 , these compounds also exhibited a potent inhibitory effect. The antiplatelet aggregation effects of @entity40974 and @entity70964 were more potent than those of @entity117 . @entity70964 showed significant protection from death due to @entity715 in @entity19 . @entity70964 also showed the strongest inhibitory activity against @entity10814 release induced by DNP-BSA. These compounds inhibited PCA reaction in @entity19 . @entity70964 intraperitoneally administered showed the strongest inhibitory activity and significantly inhibited PCA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, with inhibitory activities of 48 and 85%, respectively. The inhibitory activity of orally administered @entity40974 was stronger than that of intraperitoneally administered @entity40974 . These results suggest that @entity40974 , in the rhizome of Rhei Rhizoma, is a prodrug that has extensive antiallergic and antithrombotic properties.

title: Antithrombotic and antiallergic activities of XXXX from Rhei Rhizoma are activated by human intestinal bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity40974 :: ('MESH:C023538', 'Chemical') :: ['rhaponticin']

entities_list: @entity70964 :: ('MESH:C431126', 'Chemical') :: ['rhapontigenin', 'Rhapontigenin']

entities_list: @entity10814 :: ('10724', 'Gene') :: ['beta-hexosaminidase']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thrombosis']

answer: @entity40974 :: (MESH:C023538,Chemical) :: ['rhaponticin']


abstract: This paper describes the immunohistochemical staining properties of four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) ( @entity1577 , EB, @entity195 , and KB) which had been previously shown to be specific for purified @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ) by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. In this study, the authors immunostained a spectrum of normal and neoplastic neuronal, "neuroendocrine," and nonneuronal tissues fixed in @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Positivity was generally restricted to normal neuronal structures and @entity528 , including @entity774 , @entity6012 , @entity4236 , @entity1911 , @entity10470 , duodenal @entity1823 , and @entity44 with neuroepithelial components. Three staining patterns of the normal or neoplastic neuronal structures were observed: two MAbs ( @entity1577 and EB) stained predominantly the nerve fibers (axoplasm); one ( @entity195 ) stained predominantly the cell bodies (perikaryon); and one (KB) stained both the axoplasm and the perikaryon. "Neuroendocrine" @entity5 such as @entity4153 , @entity4292 , @entity259 , and @entity5 from various locations showed a variable staining pattern. @entity5 cells undergoing mitotic division were usually positive regardless of type. Normal structures other than neuronal or "neuroendocrine," including normal glial cells, were negative. The authors also studied a range of @entity11 with MAbs @entity1577 and @entity195 as well as with Dako polyclonal antiserum to @entity3508 . The results showed that @entity1577 stained the axonal fibers in the normal white matter surrounding these @entity5 ; it did not stain the @entity5 cells or the perikarya of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter. @entity195 stained the @entity11 cells as well as the perikarya and dendrites of neurons in the surrounding normal gray matter; it did not stain the axonal fibers in the surrounding normal white matter. By contrast, the polyclonal antiserum stained all of these structures. The high degree of staining specificity of the MAbs should prove them to be valuable in immunohistochemical diagnosis of @entity5 as well as in further understanding the role of @entity3508 in neuronal differentiation.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of a set of monoclonal antibodies to human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4292 :: ('MESH:C535838', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic islet cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glial cell tumors', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase', 'NSE']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytic paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity3508 :: (2026,Gene) :: ['neuron-specific enolase']


abstract: The usefulness of ultrasonography (US) in the evaluation of @entity788 was assessed in 51 @entity1 . Indications for US included @entity1087 (n = 19), @entity158 (n = 16), @entity353 and @entity448 (n = 4), clinically palpable mass (n = 3), @entity548 in the upper gastrointestinal tract (n = 1), and @entity1084 (n = 1). Three @entity1 were investigated because of a previous abnormal US examination; in four the mass was an incidental observation. Sonograms were interpreted without knowledge of results from other procedures. Pancreatic masses were detected in 50 @entity1 . Biliary and @entity788 were seen in 29 and 27 @entity1 , respectively. Liver @entity3 were identified in 16 @entity1 and missed in three that were not detected with either US or computed tomography. Vascular involvement was predicted in 12 @entity1 and missed in four, while lymphadenopathy was seen in 16 and missed in five. Thirty-one cases of unresectable disease were correctly predicted with US. Resectability was not as accurately determined; only seven of 19 "resectable" lesions were successfully removed. US is an effective tool in the detection and preoperative evaluation of @entity9451 .

title: XXXX : how useful is evaluation with US?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic duct obstructions']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity9451 :: ('MESH:D010195', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic neoplasms']


abstract: A review is given of the different hypotheses concerning the concentration of @entity7246 cases at the house or family level: 1. Mechanical transmission by haematophagous insects. 2. Interrupted feeding of a tsetse @entity238 with @entity281 on different @entity1 . 3. Family biological factor. These hypotheses are used as a introduction to an epidemiological field study in three congolese foci. Whereas their distribution among village districts is random, @entity1 are significantly aggregated at the house and/or family level. This distribution may be partly explained by the behaviour of members of the family and community cells, associated with amplifying factors, the most probable being interrupted feeding of a tsetse @entity238 with @entity281 . In some foci other possibilities can be considered, such as mechanical transmission by Aedes or hereditary population factors. This spatial and/or familial concentration of cases is an important epidemiological property of @entity25 , the practical implication of which is the exhaustive survey of the @entity1 environment of cases.

title: [House effect and family contamination in XXXX : interpretative trial of the phenomenon. Study of 3 Congolese foci].

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cyclic infection']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleeping sickness']


abstract: SMS 201-995 was administered to 40 acromegalic @entity1 , in a multicentric study. Some of the results have been analyzed from 37 @entity1 who remained under a long term treatment. Clinical improvement was noted in most @entity1 , especially as concerns soft tissue swelling, sweating, @entity10 . Digestive adverse effects were noted, leading to the drop-out from the protocol (in 4 @entity1 ) or in most @entity1 to a slight discomfort related to increasing doses. There was an effect for all the doses used (300, 600, 900, 1500 micrograms in 3 subcutaneous injections per day), compared with pretreatment values, if we consider the mean GH value of each cycle obtained under the different dosages. The highest dose was most effective than the lowest in some cases. However in most @entity1 the 300 micrograms dose was efficient. We could not obtain normalization of GH secretion. However 22/37 @entity1 could reach a good score as concerns the number of GH values less than 5 micrograms/l, during circadian evaluations. In 5/37 patients, the antisecretory effect was insufficient (mean GH above 50% of the pretreatment level). Reduction in @entity5 volume was highly significant (more than 50%) in 2/11 @entity1 . In conclusion, this study shows the efficacy of SMS 201-995 in improving clinical signs and symptoms of @entity2012 , and GH hypersecretion in approximately 80% of the @entity1 . General and metabolic tolerance are rather good. Some points concerning tolerance remain to be investigated.

title: [Effect of repeated injections of sandostatine, with increasing doses, in the treatment of 40 acromegalics. French Group for the study of Sandostatine in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']