abstract: AIM: To examine the relationships between maternal @entity4051 c concentration at different time points and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: A comprehensive audit dataset was collected prospectively on all deliveries in Scotland to @entity1 with pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 occurring between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 1999. Data items included @entity4051 c concentrations prior to conception and in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy, and birth weight. Relationships between standardized birth weight and HbA1c concentrations at each of the four time points were examined using correlation analysis. RESULTS: Standardized birth weight (Z scores) could be calculated for 203 of 208 singleton liveborn @entity1 . HbA1c concentrations, standardized to correct for assay differences among hospitals, at different time points were available for between 134 (pre-pregnancy) and 192 (third trimester) cases. Standardized birth weight, relative to a reference population, showed a unimodal distribution, shifted to the right (mean, +1.57 sd). There was a significant negative correlation between pre-pregnancy @entity4051 c and birth weight (Spearman's R, -0.208; P = 0.016). There were no statistically significant correlations for other time points. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized birth weight scores of the @entity1 of @entity6 mothers are higher than those of a reference population. There is no simple relationship between maternal glycaemic status and birth weight, but there appears to be a paradoxical inverse relationship between pre-pregnancy glycaemic control and standardized birth weight.

title: The relationship between birth weight and maternal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration in pregnancies complicated by @entity164 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: The study investigated clinical and social changes during an 18-month follow-up period in a group (n = 76) of @entity161 outpatients admitted to a newly implemented outpatient @entity716 team. Changes related to level of contact with the @entity716 team were also examined as well as aspects of the content of the treatment interventions and work situation from a staff perspective. METHODS: Structured face-to-face interviews with the @entity1 were performed at baseline and after 18 months. The Camberwell Assessment of Need instrument, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile and the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction were used on both interview occasions along with Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Thematic open-ended questions were used in staff interviews. RESULTS: Psychiatric symptoms, number of needs and number of met needs decreased, and perceived quality of life improved for the total sample during the follow-up period. @entity1 only in contact with a psychiatrist in the @entity716 team improved more in symptoms and spent fewer days in hospital during follow-up time compared with those who had combined @entity146 and supportive contacts, and were also more satisfied with their medication. @entity1 with a combined contact deteriorated in psychosocial functioning compared with the group only in contact with a psychiatrist. Some of the elements in treatment interventions and work situation as well as hindrances in providing community-based care adapted to the @entity1 ' needs were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based @entity146 services, to a larger extent, need to embrace evidence-based interventions and to perform regular, structured and comprehensive need assessments in order to ensure the effectiveness of interventions. Attention should be paid to staff motivation and education as well as to providing practical guidelines, supervision and support.

title: Clinical and social changes in severely mentally ill individuals admitted to an outpatient XXXX team: an 18-month follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study we evaluate the association between @entity412 to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (TG/ @entity9680 ) ratio and total @entity165 (TC) to @entity9680 ( @entity9680 ) ratio and the risks of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in an Iranian high-risk population. METHODS: We analysed 7-year follow-up data (n   =   1,771) in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of consecutive @entity1 with @entity2175 30-70 years old. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of @entity2175 based on repeated oral @entity413 tolerance tests. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratio (HR) for incident @entity2175 across tertiles of TG/ @entity9680 and @entity9680 ratios and plotted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess discrimination. RESULTS: The highest tertile of TG/ @entity9680 and @entity9680 ratios compared with the lowest tertile was not associated with @entity2175 in age and gender adjusted models (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.11 for TG/ @entity9680 ratio and 1.10, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.23 for @entity9680 ratio). Further adjustment for waist circumference or body mass index, fasting plasma @entity413 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 did not appreciably alter the HR compared to the age- and gender-adjusted model. The area under the ROC curve for TG/ @entity9680 ratio was 57.7% (95% CI: 54.0, 61.5) and for @entity9680 ratio was 55.1% (95% CI: 51.2, 59.0). CONCLUSIONS: TG/ @entity9680 and @entity9680 ratios were not robust predictors of @entity2175 in high-risk individuals in Iran. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Utility of serum lipid ratios for predicting XXXX : the Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['incident type 2 diabetes']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 with @entity390 underwent upper @entity1820 was found in the middle thoracic esophagus. Histological examination with endoscopic biopsies revealed @entity957 ( @entity957 ), and chromoendoscopy with @entity1496 staining revealed that the superficial @entity957 involved nearly the entire circumference of the esophageal lumen. There were neither nodal nor distant metastases. @entity5848 (ESD) was successfully achieved with @entity5 -free margins in an en bloc fashion. The histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of @entity189 limited to the lamina propria mucosae without angiolymphatic invasion. Oral @entity617 was started with 0.5 mg/kg daily on the 3rd post-ESD day, tapered gradually, and then discontinued 8 weeks later without adverse effects. There were no complaints of @entity1282 following ESD. On follow-up endoscopy with @entity1496 staining, which was scheduled at 1, 3 and 6 months after ESD, there was no postprocedural esophageal stricture, and neither recurrent nor metachronous lesions were found. Thus, the @entity1 required no sessions of @entity384 . At the last outpatient clinic visit 7 months after ESD, he remained well without @entity1282 . Oral @entity617 administration may offer an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent the post-ESD esophageal stricture after complete circular ESD.

title: Effect of oral XXXX on esophageal stricture after complete circular endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['Complete circular endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy, and a 0-IIb type tumor']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) is an abundant natural @entity12274 with antioxidant properties. Under different conditions, it can play protective as well as pathogenic roles. The redox state of the cell has an important role in the induction of apoptosis. Elevated level of @entity2041 in @entity5 cells provides resistance to a number of chemotherapeutic drugs. Inhibition of @entity2041 synthesis sensitizes the cells for apoptosis and enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. We have selected @entity2197 -binding RNA aptamers by employing in vitro selection protocol SELEX. The Kd value of these aptamers with respect to @entity2197 were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and isocratic affinity chromatography. Two aptamers GSHapt 8.17 (class-III) and @entity2197 apt 5.39 (class-IV) had Kd values of 4.18 and 4.89 x 10(-8) M, respectively and GSHapt class-I had a Kd value of 1.2 x 10(-6) M. CD spectra suggested conformational change in aptamers upon @entity2197 binding. Cultured @entity0 cells (MCF7) responded to expression of @entity2197 aptamers by accumulating ROS and undergoing morphological transition, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation, with concurrent depletion of cellular @entity2197 and activation of @entity522 eventually leading to apoptosis. DTT and @entity522 inhibitor partially rescued aptamer induced apoptosis. These aptamers exhibit high specificity to @entity2197 over non specific competitor. The same aptamers did not induce apoptosis in 293T cells. The kinetic properties and pro-apoptotic effects suggest that @entity2041 -binding RNA aptamer could be developed into an effective anti- @entity5 chemotherapeutic agent.

title: In vitro selected RNA aptamer recognizing @entity2041 induces ROS mediated apoptosis in the human XXXX cell line MCF 7.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity12274 :: ('CHEBI:47923', 'Chemical') :: ['tripeptide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) is an abundant natural @entity12274 with antioxidant properties. Under different conditions, it can play protective as well as pathogenic roles. The redox state of the cell has an important role in the induction of apoptosis. Elevated level of @entity2041 in @entity5 cells provides resistance to a number of chemotherapeutic drugs. Inhibition of @entity2041 synthesis sensitizes the cells for apoptosis and enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs. We have selected @entity2197 -binding RNA aptamers by employing in vitro selection protocol SELEX. The Kd value of these aptamers with respect to @entity2197 were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis and isocratic affinity chromatography. Two aptamers GSHapt 8.17 (class-III) and @entity2197 apt 5.39 (class-IV) had Kd values of 4.18 and 4.89 x 10(-8) M, respectively and GSHapt class-I had a Kd value of 1.2 x 10(-6) M. CD spectra suggested conformational change in aptamers upon @entity2197 binding. Cultured @entity0 cells (MCF7) responded to expression of @entity2197 aptamers by accumulating ROS and undergoing morphological transition, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation, with concurrent depletion of cellular @entity2197 and activation of @entity522 eventually leading to apoptosis. DTT and @entity522 inhibitor partially rescued aptamer induced apoptosis. These aptamers exhibit high specificity to @entity2197 over non specific competitor. The same aptamers did not induce apoptosis in 293T cells. The kinetic properties and pro-apoptotic effects suggest that @entity2041 -binding RNA aptamer could be developed into an effective anti- @entity5 chemotherapeutic agent.

title: In vitro selected RNA aptamer recognizing XXXX induces ROS mediated apoptosis in the human @entity0 cell line MCF 7.

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: During the past 5 years, progress in the treatment of pressure ulcers appears to have reached a plateau. Several factors in the design of recent clinical studies may have contributed to this situation. These factors include the criteria chosen for @entity1 selection, small sample size, and lack of a concisely defined final clinical outcome. Hunt noted that wound stratification according to a @entity1 's physiological characteristics may be a key to quantifying differences among clinical treatments. To address this issue, we examined the expression of cyclin D/ @entity8985 in pressure @entity1066 fibroblasts taken from tissues during a recent clinical trial. The treatment groups included @entity1 treated with the following regimens: placebo, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor alone, basic fibroblast growth factor alone, or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and basic fibroblast growth factor given in sequence. Immunocytochemical colocalization of cyclin D and @entity8985 showed that, before the initial treatment began, @entity1 were distributed disproportionately among treatment subgroups in regards to the initial expression of these markers. For example, we found that compared with other subgroups, @entity1066 fibroblasts in the basic fibroblast growth factor treatment group showed a much lower expression of cyclin D/ @entity8985 at day 0. However, this group exhibited higher levels of expression of this complex after 35 days of treatment. This study shows that measurement of cyclin D/ @entity8985 expression permits more accurate stratification of @entity1 within treatment subgroups, measurement of a cell's ability to detect the presence of functional cytokines, identification of area(s) of failure within the G1 of the cell cycle, and a basis for critical evaluation of various treatments.

title: Significance of cell cycle for wound stratification in clinical trials: analysis of a pressure XXXX clinical trial utilizing cyclin D/ @entity8985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: During the past 5 years, progress in the treatment of pressure ulcers appears to have reached a plateau. Several factors in the design of recent clinical studies may have contributed to this situation. These factors include the criteria chosen for @entity1 selection, small sample size, and lack of a concisely defined final clinical outcome. Hunt noted that wound stratification according to a @entity1 's physiological characteristics may be a key to quantifying differences among clinical treatments. To address this issue, we examined the expression of cyclin D/ @entity8985 in pressure @entity1066 fibroblasts taken from tissues during a recent clinical trial. The treatment groups included @entity1 treated with the following regimens: placebo, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor alone, basic fibroblast growth factor alone, or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and basic fibroblast growth factor given in sequence. Immunocytochemical colocalization of cyclin D and @entity8985 showed that, before the initial treatment began, @entity1 were distributed disproportionately among treatment subgroups in regards to the initial expression of these markers. For example, we found that compared with other subgroups, @entity1066 fibroblasts in the basic fibroblast growth factor treatment group showed a much lower expression of cyclin D/ @entity8985 at day 0. However, this group exhibited higher levels of expression of this complex after 35 days of treatment. This study shows that measurement of cyclin D/ @entity8985 expression permits more accurate stratification of @entity1 within treatment subgroups, measurement of a cell's ability to detect the presence of functional cytokines, identification of area(s) of failure within the G1 of the cell cycle, and a basis for critical evaluation of various treatments.

title: Significance of cell cycle for wound stratification in clinical trials: analysis of a pressure @entity1066 clinical trial utilizing cyclin D/ XXXX .

answer: @entity8985 :: (1019,Gene) :: ['cdk4']


abstract: @entity743 canis and @entity743 gibsoni have, until recently, been considered the only piroplasms that parasitise @entity235 . However, recent reports indicate that "small" @entity281 in Spanish @entity235 are surprisingly frequent and molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the infecting agent is closely related to @entity743 microti. Because the 18SrDNA sequence was not completely identical to that of @entity25907 , the new name "Theileria annae" was assigned to the @entity235 agent. No information is available regarding the possible vector of the new piroplasm, T. annae. As part of an effort to identify the tick that may transmit T. annae in northwest Spain we asked veterinary surgeons practising in the region to collect and send to our laboratory ticks from @entity235 visiting their clinics. Seven hundred and twenty ticks collected from @entity235 of unknown clinical status during 1998 and 636 ticks collected between November 2001 and March 2002 from 38 @entity235 infected with T. annae and 131 uninfected @entity235 were identified. Results from the first study indicated that among the Ixodidae, @entity24496 clearly predominates over Ixodes ricinus (26.11% versus 6.67%). This observation was consistent with results of the second study, in which @entity24496 was detected in all infected @entity235 and 71.8% of non-infected @entity235 and I. ricinus was not detected in either the infected or non-infected @entity235 . Results from the 2001-2002 study also indicate that the presence of Dermacentor reticulatus adult females is significantly less frequent among infected than non-infected @entity235 (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92). On the other hand, @entity24496 adult females and males are 6.75 and 4.24 times more likely to be detected among infected than non-infected @entity235 , respectively, with the association being, in both cases, statistically significant (95% CI: 1.97-23.12 and 1.92-9.36, respectively). @entity24496 emerges as the main candidate as vector of T. annae because it feeds on @entity235 more frequently than other ticks and because @entity25907 is transmitted by Ixodes ticks, both in North America and Europe. In the absence of definitive confirmation of this hypothesis, our observations suggest that @entity24496 might serve the same role as does @entity3966 (= @entity3966 ), the vector of @entity25907 in eastern North America.

title: XXXX is the main candidate as vector of Theileria annae in northwest Spain.

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes dammini', 'Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Babesia infections']

entities_list: @entity24496 :: ('34612', 'Species') :: ['I. hexagonus', 'Ixodes hexagonus']

answer: @entity24496 :: (34612,Species) :: ['Ixodes hexagonus']


abstract: @entity2175 is an established cause of @entity455 . Particulate air pollution is known to exacerbate @entity65 , particularly in susceptible populations. This study set out to determine the impact of exposure to traffic pollution, with and without particle filtration, on vascular endothelial function in @entity2175 . Endothelial production of @entity842 (NO) has previously been linked to vascular health. @entity450 induces a significant increase in plasma @entity3542 , the proximal metabolite of NO, in healthy subjects, while @entity6 have a lower and more variable level of response. Twenty type II @entity6 and 20 controls (ages 46-70 years) were taken on a 1.5 hr roadway traffic air pollution exposure as passengers. We analyzed plasma @entity3542 , as a measure of vascular function, using forearm @entity63 to elicit a reactive hyperemic response before and after exposure to one ride with and one without filtration of the particle components of pollution. Control subjects displayed a significant increase in plasma @entity3542 levels during reactive @entity450 . This response was no longer present following exposure to traffic air pollution, but did not vary with whether or not the particle phase was filtered out. Diabetics did not display an increase in @entity3542 levels following reactive @entity450 . This response was not altered following pollution exposure. These data suggest that components of acute traffic pollution exposure diminish vascular reactivity in non- @entity6 individuals. It also confirms that type II @entity6 have a preexisting diminished ability to appropriately respond to a vascular challenge, and that traffic pollution exposure does not cause a further measureable acute change in plasma @entity3542 levels in @entity2175 .

title: Disrupted @entity842 Metabolism from XXXX and Acute Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes', 'Type II diabetics']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'Reactive hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and respiratory conditions']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type II Diabetes']


abstract: @entity2175 is an established cause of @entity455 . Particulate air pollution is known to exacerbate @entity65 , particularly in susceptible populations. This study set out to determine the impact of exposure to traffic pollution, with and without particle filtration, on vascular endothelial function in @entity2175 . Endothelial production of @entity842 (NO) has previously been linked to vascular health. @entity450 induces a significant increase in plasma @entity3542 , the proximal metabolite of NO, in healthy subjects, while @entity6 have a lower and more variable level of response. Twenty type II @entity6 and 20 controls (ages 46-70 years) were taken on a 1.5 hr roadway traffic air pollution exposure as passengers. We analyzed plasma @entity3542 , as a measure of vascular function, using forearm @entity63 to elicit a reactive hyperemic response before and after exposure to one ride with and one without filtration of the particle components of pollution. Control subjects displayed a significant increase in plasma @entity3542 levels during reactive @entity450 . This response was no longer present following exposure to traffic air pollution, but did not vary with whether or not the particle phase was filtered out. Diabetics did not display an increase in @entity3542 levels following reactive @entity450 . This response was not altered following pollution exposure. These data suggest that components of acute traffic pollution exposure diminish vascular reactivity in non- @entity6 individuals. It also confirms that type II @entity6 have a preexisting diminished ability to appropriately respond to a vascular challenge, and that traffic pollution exposure does not cause a further measureable acute change in plasma @entity3542 levels in @entity2175 .

title: Disrupted XXXX Metabolism from @entity2175 and Acute Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A longer duration of untreated @entity716 (DUP) has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ); however, it remains unclear whether this is due to @entity2359 effects of @entity716 . The purpose of this study was to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the influence of DUP on brain function using two verbal fluency tests (VFTs) in @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 (FES). A total of 28 FES @entity1 and 29 healthy controls (HC) underwent NIRS during VFTs. Group comparisons of cortical activity were made using two-tailed t-tests and the false discovery rate method. We then examined the associations between DUP and hemodynamic changes in each channel to identify any effects of DUP on brain cortical activity. During the letter VFT, the HC group exhibited significantly greater cortical activations over bilateral frontotemporal regions compared to FES @entity1 . However, this distinction was not observed while performing a category version of the VFT. In addition, no associations between DUP and brain cortical activity were observed in the FES group during either VFT. In conclusion, we did not find an association between DUP and frontotemporal cortical activities. This might be because @entity245 result in @entity149 long before psychotic symptoms onset.

title: Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Brain Function during Verbal Fluency Testing in First-Episode XXXX : A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disturbances']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity18186 play a major role in the prevention of @entity1 @entity600 by protecting the pregnant @entity1 from teratogenic or otherwise harmful infections. Until now, it has not been common practice to perform preclinical developmental @entity137 tests for new vaccines. Despite the excellent safety record of vaccines, increased attention is now being given to the feasibility of screening new vaccines for developmental hazards in animals before their use in @entity1 . Contrary to previous assumptions, many vaccines are now given to potentially pregnant @entity1 . Any new components of the vaccine formulation (adjuvants, excipients, stabilisers, preservatives, etc.) could also be tested for influences on development, although based on past experience the risks are limited by the very low dosages used. The conferred immunity following vaccination lasts for several years. Therefore, the developing conceptus may theoretically be exposed to the induced antibodies and/or sensitised T-cells, even if the pregnant @entity1 was last vaccinated during childhood (particularly if she encounters the antigen during pregnancy through exposure to @entity281 ). However, it should be kept in mind that viral or @entity2348 represent a higher risk for a pregnant @entity1 than the potential adverse effects related to vaccination or the associated immune response. Non-clinical safety studies may be employed as an aid for hazard identification. In these studies interactions of the vaccine with the maternal immune system or with the developmental systems of the offspring are considered. Post-natal examinations are necessary to detect all possible manifestations of developmental @entity137 , such as effects on the immune system. Species selection for the preclinical studies is based on immunogenicity to the vaccine and the relative timing and rate of transfer of maternal antibodies to the offspring. A single study design is proposed for the pre- and post-natal developmental assessments of vaccines in rodents and @entity95 .

title: Reproductive XXXX testing of vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'woman', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The t(8;14)(q11.2;q32) is emerging as an uncommon, though recurrent cytogenetic finding. As of yet, too few cases of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) characterized by this translocation have been studied to determine its prognostic significance with confidence. We therefore report three new @entity1 (two male @entity1 and one adult female) and present their hematologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical data. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 26 other @entity1 with t(8;14)(q11.2;q32) are summarized. The total number of @entity1 now reported in the literature is 29 with a mean age of 14 years. Early relapse, that is, relapse within 6 months, does not appear to be a common feature of this group. The gender distribution is 19 males: 9 females (gender not reported in one case). Twenty-three t(8;14) @entity1 show a pre-B immunophenotype and 24 of 24, on whom information is available, achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy for B- @entity981 . Approximately one third of @entity1 with t(8;14) have Down syndrome, 19 of 27 have additional acquired cytogenetic abnormalities, 5 of these have the t(9;22), and 4 show duplication of the abnormal chromosome 14, which is derived from the t(8;14). Hemoglobin and platelet counts are low at presentation in 10 of 10 and 8 of 9 @entity1 , respectively, and the average white blood count is 38.9 x 10(9)/L. Of the 7 @entity1 for whom @entity7513 status has been determined, all show rearrangement of the @entity7513 locus. Two of the present three @entity1 are included in this group; their @entity7513 rearrangement was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with @entity7513 break-apart probes.

title: XXXX characterized by t(8;14)(q11.2;q32).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One distinct advantage of laparoscopic @entity169 is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 method in detecting unexpected additional @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent an elective @entity169 , in the department of abdominal surgery at the institute of laparoscopic surgery (ILS, Bordeaux, France) between September 2003 and July 2005 were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity1 ' demographic data, operative, postoperative course and outpatient follow-up were studied. RESULTS: A total of 337 laparoscopic @entity169 repairs were performed in 263 @entity1 . Of these, 189 @entity1 had unilateral hernia (109 right and 80 left) and 74 @entity1 had @entity547 . Indirect @entity547 were the most common, followed by direct and then @entity18659 . There were 218 male @entity1 and 45 female @entity1 with a mean age of 60    15 years. There were 44 unexpected @entity547 : 6 spegilian @entity547 , 19 @entity18659 . Two @entity1 were converted to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) due to surgical difficulties. There were no major @entity3816 in all @entity1 except for three cases of @entity548 arising from the inferior epigastric artery. Only one @entity1 had @entity86 and was re-operated on several hours after the hernia repair. No recurrence occurred in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic @entity169 approach allows viewing of the entire myopectineal orifice, facilitating repair of any unexpected @entity547 and thereby reducing the chance of recurrence.

title: Occult @entity547 detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernias', 'obturator hernias and another 19 femoral hernias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One distinct advantage of laparoscopic @entity169 is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 method in detecting unexpected additional @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent an elective @entity169 , in the department of abdominal surgery at the institute of laparoscopic surgery (ILS, Bordeaux, France) between September 2003 and July 2005 were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity1 ' demographic data, operative, postoperative course and outpatient follow-up were studied. RESULTS: A total of 337 laparoscopic @entity169 repairs were performed in 263 @entity1 . Of these, 189 @entity1 had unilateral hernia (109 right and 80 left) and 74 @entity1 had @entity547 . Indirect @entity547 were the most common, followed by direct and then @entity18659 . There were 218 male @entity1 and 45 female @entity1 with a mean age of 60    15 years. There were 44 unexpected @entity547 : 6 spegilian @entity547 , 19 @entity18659 . Two @entity1 were converted to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) due to surgical difficulties. There were no major @entity3816 in all @entity1 except for three cases of @entity548 arising from the inferior epigastric artery. Only one @entity1 had @entity86 and was re-operated on several hours after the hernia repair. No recurrence occurred in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic @entity169 approach allows viewing of the entire myopectineal orifice, facilitating repair of any unexpected @entity547 and thereby reducing the chance of recurrence.

title: Occult XXXX detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal @entity169 : a prospective study.

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: AIM: To study the clinicopathological aspects of primary @entity706 in immunocompetent @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with primary @entity706 were analyzed for their clinico-pathological characteristics and followed-up for the treatment and subsequent management in Neurosurgery, and Medical and Radiation Oncology. RESULTS: The fronto-parietal region was the commonest location of @entity706 ; four cases of @entity706 were seen. Our @entity1 were relatively young with a mean age of 48 years and an age range of 35-60 years. Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 2.7:1. The commonest presentation was focal @entity51 and features of @entity428 . All the @entity1 histologically had diffuse large @entity1892 . Radiologically, most presented as disc-enhancing lesions. Two @entity1 had @entity75 . Most of the @entity1 (10) died within a mean of 4.4 months (range 2 weeks-16 months). CONCLUSION: Primary @entity706 is seen in immunocompetent @entity1 as well. Relapse is common after treatment and the overall prognosis is unfavorable.

title: Primary XXXX in immunocompetent: a review of literature and our experience from Kashmir.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lymphoma', 'CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological-deficits']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node @entity3 along the superior mesenteric vein (station 14v) to determine the need for 14v dissection in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1104 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy including 14v dissection were enrolled. @entity1 were categorized into two groups: those with and those without 14v lymph node involvement by @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the total study population, 73 @entity1 (6  6 per cent) had 14v-positive @entity356 . These @entity1 were more likely to have advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ), node (N) and distant metastatic (M) status, and histologically undifferentiated @entity356 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with 14v-positive disease were 24 and 9 per cent respectively. Survival in this group was similar to that of @entity1 who had @entity356 with distant @entity3 (M1). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that 14v status was a significant prognostic factor for @entity356 (hazard ratio 2  13; P < 0  001). After histologically complete (R0) resection, the overall survival of 14v-positive @entity1 with any stage of @entity5 was significantly worse than that for 14v-negative @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 (P = 0  006). CONCLUSION: 14v status is an independent prognostic factor for @entity356 , with 14v-positive @entity356 having a poor prognosis, similar to that of M1 disease. The exclusion of 14v in regional lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: Relevance of lymph node @entity3 along the superior mesenteric vein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node @entity3 along the superior mesenteric vein (station 14v) to determine the need for 14v dissection in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1104 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy including 14v dissection were enrolled. @entity1 were categorized into two groups: those with and those without 14v lymph node involvement by @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the total study population, 73 @entity1 (6  6 per cent) had 14v-positive @entity356 . These @entity1 were more likely to have advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ), node (N) and distant metastatic (M) status, and histologically undifferentiated @entity356 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with 14v-positive disease were 24 and 9 per cent respectively. Survival in this group was similar to that of @entity1 who had @entity356 with distant @entity3 (M1). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that 14v status was a significant prognostic factor for @entity356 (hazard ratio 2  13; P < 0  001). After histologically complete (R0) resection, the overall survival of 14v-positive @entity1 with any stage of @entity5 was significantly worse than that for 14v-negative @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 (P = 0  006). CONCLUSION: 14v status is an independent prognostic factor for @entity356 , with 14v-positive @entity356 having a poor prognosis, similar to that of M1 disease. The exclusion of 14v in regional lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: Relevance of lymph node XXXX along the superior mesenteric vein in @entity356 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND Use of a low tidal volume (V(T)) strategy in the treatment of acute @entity649 can lead to a decrease in oxygenation. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a recruitment maneuver (RM) in this setting. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with acute @entity649 were studied within 48 hours of diagnosis. Baseline gas exchange, hemodynamics, and respiratory mechanics were determined and @entity1 were placed on a V(T) of 6 mL/kg. Measurements were repeated and an RM of 30 cm H20 for 40 seconds was performed. Measurements were repeated at 30 minutes and 2 hours post-RM. RESULTS: Decreasing V(T) resulted in a decrease in arterial oxygenation (from 91 +/- 9 mm Hg to 75 +/- 9 mm Hg, p < 0.01), an increase in shunt (from 19 +/- 3.7% to 23 +/- 5%, p < 0.01), and a decrease in lung compliance (from 37 mL/cm @entity2507 to 33 mL/cm @entity2507 , < 0.05). At 30 minutes post-RM, oxygenation improved to 99 +/- 16 mm Hg, shunt decreased to 17 +/- 3%, and lung compliance improved to 39 mL/cm @entity2507 (p < 0.05). Two hours later, oxygenation fell (86 +/- 12 mm Hg), shunt increased (20 +/- 3%), and compliance diminished (36 mL/cm @entity2507 ). There were no hemodynamic or barotraumatic complications. CONCLUSION: An RM transiently improves gas exchange during low V(T)ventilation. RMs are well tolerated and no hemodynamic consequences were seen.

title: Influence of low tidal volumes on gas exchange in acute XXXX and the role of recruitment maneuvers.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Platelet counts and several clotting parameters, especially @entity5582 , alpha 2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen, were determined in 33 @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Except for Factors VIII and XI, all activities measured fell significantly as the @entity1 were placed on the pump. This initial drop paralleled the drop in hematocrit, i.e., the drop was most likely due to hemodilution. During the entire procedure the activities remained decreased, again paralleling the hematocrit. Only the drop in platelet counts was greater than the hematocrit, suggesting additional consumption during bypass. In the ICU a second significant drop in @entity5582 , prothrombin, and Factor V was noted that was not reflected by a drop in hematocrit. The cause for this is not known at this time. Although the @entity1 with the lowest @entity5582 levels, compared to the highest levels in the ICU seemed to have a greater need for protamine and blood and had greater chest tube drainage, none of these changes were significantly different. Comparisons between activated clotting times (ACTs) and actual heparin levels revealed a good correlation (0.886). Good correlations were also noted when manual factor assays were compared with automated assays using an automated analyzer suggesting the potential use of automation and profiling for these @entity1 . Possible reasons for some of the most commonly encountered @entity86 are discussed.

title: Changes in XXXX , antiplasmin, and plasminogen during and after cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding problems']

answer: @entity5582 :: (462,Gene) :: ['antithrombin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity955 is a @entity74 commonly seen early after coronary artery bypass grafting, and it increases morbidity. METHODS: To investigate the effectiveness of @entity2399 in the prophylaxis of @entity955 , we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 200 consecutive @entity1 in whom we performed elective and initial coronary artery bypass grafting operations. In each group 50% of @entity1 underwent beating-heart operations. In the treatment group 100 @entity1 (76 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; mean age, 57.63 +/- 9.68 years) received 24.34 mEq (3 g) of @entity2399 in 100 mL of saline solution that was administered over 2 hours (50 mL/h) preoperatively, perioperatively, and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. In the control group 100 @entity1 (74 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 ; mean age, 59.96 +/- 9.29 years) received only 100 mL of saline solution according to the same administration schedule as the treatment group. RESULTS: @entity955 developed in 15 @entity1 from the treatment group and in 16 @entity1 from the control group. The @entity943 developed after 37.87 +/- 12.76 and 45.26 +/- 15.27 hours in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between low @entity2399 levels and increased incidence of @entity955 (P <.05), when the incidence of postoperative @entity955 is concerned, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P >.05). Also, no significant difference was found between operations with cardiopulmonary bypass and beating-heart operations in terms of @entity955 incidence (P >.05). However, @entity955 extended the duration of hospital stay in both groups (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity2399 infusion alone is not sufficient for the prophylaxis of @entity955 .

title: Intravenous @entity2399 prophylaxis for XXXX after coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rhythm disorder']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity955 is a @entity74 commonly seen early after coronary artery bypass grafting, and it increases morbidity. METHODS: To investigate the effectiveness of @entity2399 in the prophylaxis of @entity955 , we conducted a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study on 200 consecutive @entity1 in whom we performed elective and initial coronary artery bypass grafting operations. In each group 50% of @entity1 underwent beating-heart operations. In the treatment group 100 @entity1 (76 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; mean age, 57.63 +/- 9.68 years) received 24.34 mEq (3 g) of @entity2399 in 100 mL of saline solution that was administered over 2 hours (50 mL/h) preoperatively, perioperatively, and at postoperative days 0, 1, 2, and 3. In the control group 100 @entity1 (74 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 ; mean age, 59.96 +/- 9.29 years) received only 100 mL of saline solution according to the same administration schedule as the treatment group. RESULTS: @entity955 developed in 15 @entity1 from the treatment group and in 16 @entity1 from the control group. The @entity943 developed after 37.87 +/- 12.76 and 45.26 +/- 15.27 hours in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Although a significant relationship was found between low @entity2399 levels and increased incidence of @entity955 (P <.05), when the incidence of postoperative @entity955 is concerned, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P >.05). Also, no significant difference was found between operations with cardiopulmonary bypass and beating-heart operations in terms of @entity955 incidence (P >.05). However, @entity955 extended the duration of hospital stay in both groups (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity2399 infusion alone is not sufficient for the prophylaxis of @entity955 .

title: Intravenous XXXX prophylaxis for @entity955 after coronary artery bypass surgery.

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: Treatment of lymph node negative (N0) @entity189 has raised numerous controversy for decades. Prevention is one of the oldest axioms in medicine. On the other hand, overtreatment can cause unnecessary harm to @entity1 . This retrospective study was performed in 206 @entity1 having @entity5 with clinically node-negative (N0) necks. The aim of this assessment is to deal with the diagnosis, predictive factors and surgical therapy of occult metastases of @entity1544 originating from the glottic region. The examinations were performed in three phases. Preoperative clinical, histological - and in selective cases - imaging were carried out to separate high-risk @entity1 . Intraoperative cases of open surgery after U-shaped skin preparation up to the hyoid bone with direct inspection of jugular lymph node chain (JLNCh) where the neck was staged. The enlarged suspicious nodes were submitted for immediate frozen section. The types of neck dissection were based on the size, shape, number and histological diagnosis of regional nodes. The postoperative additional management was decided according to the results of definitive pathological findings from serial sections of the dissected specimen. Endolaryngeal LASER surgery was carried out in 87 @entity1 based on clinical, histological and imaging criteria. In the course of two years follow-up 2 occult metastases became clinically apparent. At 119 cases open surgery were performed. In 51 @entity1 we could not see enlarged lymph nodes (N< 2 mm) with direct examination, and thus the JLNCh remained intact. In 68 @entity1 elective neck dissections (END) were carried out. In cases of extracapsular spread (ECS) and/or multiple nodal involvements additional radiotherapy was given.

title: Considerations in the treatment of the node-negative (N0) neck in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinomas']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity405 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity1 with @entity14 . A total of 97 @entity420 of the colon and rectum were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the standard avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex method using antibodies to @entity405 and @entity469 . Peritumoral infiltration by @entity405 + T cells or macrophages was evaluated along the invasive margin of the @entity5 in each specimen. The area with the most abundant infiltration was selected, and the number of immunoreactive positive cells counted at x400 magnification. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the degree of infiltration by each cell type: namely those with a high level of infiltration (more than the mean number of positive cells) and those with a low level of infiltration (less than the mean number of positive cells). @entity1 with a low level of macrophage infiltration had a significantly deeper depth of invasion than @entity1 with a high level of macrophage infiltration (P=0.027). The percentage of @entity1 with a high level of macrophage infiltration was significantly higher in vascular invasion-negative cases (46.7%) than in vascular invasion-positive cases (22.7%; P=0.045), and in lymph node metastasis-negative cases (52.9%) than in lymph node metastasis-positive cases (28.3%; P=0.014). Overall survival was significantly shorter for @entity1 with a low level of @entity405 + T cell infiltration than those with a high level of @entity405 + T cell infiltration (P=0.01). The survival rate for @entity1 with a high level of both @entity405 + T cell and macrophage infiltration was 100%. In conclusion, both @entity405 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration indicates anti-tumoral action in @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity405 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity405 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity1 with @entity14 . A total of 97 @entity420 of the colon and rectum were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by the standard avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex method using antibodies to @entity405 and @entity469 . Peritumoral infiltration by @entity405 + T cells or macrophages was evaluated along the invasive margin of the @entity5 in each specimen. The area with the most abundant infiltration was selected, and the number of immunoreactive positive cells counted at x400 magnification. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the degree of infiltration by each cell type: namely those with a high level of infiltration (more than the mean number of positive cells) and those with a low level of infiltration (less than the mean number of positive cells). @entity1 with a low level of macrophage infiltration had a significantly deeper depth of invasion than @entity1 with a high level of macrophage infiltration (P=0.027). The percentage of @entity1 with a high level of macrophage infiltration was significantly higher in vascular invasion-negative cases (46.7%) than in vascular invasion-positive cases (22.7%; P=0.045), and in lymph node metastasis-negative cases (52.9%) than in lymph node metastasis-positive cases (28.3%; P=0.014). Overall survival was significantly shorter for @entity1 with a low level of @entity405 + T cell infiltration than those with a high level of @entity405 + T cell infiltration (P=0.01). The survival rate for @entity1 with a high level of both @entity405 + T cell and macrophage infiltration was 100%. In conclusion, both @entity405 + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration indicates anti-tumoral action in @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX + T cell and macrophage peritumoral infiltration in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Recent studies have elucidated that @entity2247 is strongly related to @entity5 progression or development by means of its anti-apoptotic effect, enhancement of angiogenesis or decrease of cell-to-cell adhesive activity. However, there is no report on the relationship between @entity2247 expression and angiogenesis in pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). We examined the correlation between the overexpression of @entity2247 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in 65 lesions from 30 @entity1 with PBM immunohistochemically. The positive expression of @entity2247 was found in 20% of regenerative epithelium, 11.1% of @entity1373 without atypia, 86.4% of @entity1373 with mild atypia, 75% of @entity1141 , and 75% of @entity5 . @entity7 was highly expressed in 80% of regenerative epithelium, 27.8% of @entity1373 without atypia, 86.4% of @entity1373 with mild atypia, 66.7% of @entity1141 , and 75% of @entity5 . The positive rate of both @entity2247 and VEFG expression was significantly higher in @entity1373 with atypia, @entity1141 and @entity5 than that in @entity1373 without atypia. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between @entity2247 and @entity7 overexpression among all lesions. In 6 of 8 @entity1 of various histological types, both @entity2247 and @entity7 were stained in almost exactly the same locations. In addition, there were no significant differences between the degree of @entity32 in the surrounding stroma and the expression of @entity2247 and @entity7 , respectively. These results demonstrated a strong relationship between @entity2247 and @entity7 overexpression in PBM. Therefore, chemoprevention via the suppression of angiogenesis by means of @entity2247 inhibitor may be effective in PBM.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 and XXXX in pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: 30 @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity55 , treated during a three-year period in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, were studied in retrospect. Twelve @entity1 had received bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantations 90 +/- 143 (10 - 546) days prior to ICU admission. Six of these received @entity205 . 19 of 30 @entity1 were on @entity288 and 20 had received courses of chemotherapy within a period of one month prior to ICU admission. @entity1 presented with signs of @entity358 and @entity1576 . In 24 @entity1 the likely causative pathogen for @entity55 could be identified. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 17) were in the majority, lead by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and @entity4005 species. Gram-positive bacteria (n = 5) were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Infections with Chlamydiae species were diagnosed in two cases. @entity364 were caused by Candida (n = 8) or Aspergillus species (n = 3) and @entity1800 by @entity2803 (n = 6). Infections with more than one pathogen were common. Ten @entity1 had @entity55 associated with signs of diffuse pulmonary parenchymal damage of varying degree. 26 @entity1 received mechanical ventilation for 7 +/- 9 (1 - 32) days. The duration of stay in the ICU was 11 +/- 10 (1 - 43) days. 26 of the 30 @entity1 (87 %) died. @entity1 with haematological @entity5 and @entity55 have despite medical intensive care treatment a poor prognosis with substantial mortality.

title: [ XXXX in haematological @entity5 in the medical intensive care unit].

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonias', 'nosocomial pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant haematological disorders', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Nosocomial pneumonias']


abstract: 30 @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity55 , treated during a three-year period in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, were studied in retrospect. Twelve @entity1 had received bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantations 90 +/- 143 (10 - 546) days prior to ICU admission. Six of these received @entity205 . 19 of 30 @entity1 were on @entity288 and 20 had received courses of chemotherapy within a period of one month prior to ICU admission. @entity1 presented with signs of @entity358 and @entity1576 . In 24 @entity1 the likely causative pathogen for @entity55 could be identified. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 17) were in the majority, lead by Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and @entity4005 species. Gram-positive bacteria (n = 5) were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Infections with Chlamydiae species were diagnosed in two cases. @entity364 were caused by Candida (n = 8) or Aspergillus species (n = 3) and @entity1800 by @entity2803 (n = 6). Infections with more than one pathogen were common. Ten @entity1 had @entity55 associated with signs of diffuse pulmonary parenchymal damage of varying degree. 26 @entity1 received mechanical ventilation for 7 +/- 9 (1 - 32) days. The duration of stay in the ICU was 11 +/- 10 (1 - 43) days. 26 of the 30 @entity1 (87 %) died. @entity1 with haematological @entity5 and @entity55 have despite medical intensive care treatment a poor prognosis with substantial mortality.

title: [ @entity55 in haematological XXXX in the medical intensive care unit].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is the fourth leading cause of @entity204 in the United States, and it accounts for approximately 500,000 hospitalizations for exacerbations each year. New definitions of acute @entity1030 have been suggested, but the one used by Anthonisen et al. is still widely accepted. It requires the presence of one or more of the following findings: increase in sputum purulence, increase in sputum volume, and worsening of @entity1353 . @entity1 with @entity1030 typically present with acute decompensation of their disease one to three times a year, and 3% to 16% of these will require hospital admission. Hospital mortality of these admissions ranges from 3% to 10% in severe @entity1030 @entity1 , and it is much higher for @entity1 requiring ICU admission. The etiology of the exacerbations is mainly infectious (up to 80%). Other conditions such as @entity712 , @entity1151 , @entity281 , and pneumothorax can mimic an acute exacerbation or possibly act as "triggers." Baseline chest radiography and arterial blood gas analysis during an exacerbation are recommended. @entity26 administration through a venturi mask seems to be appropriate and safe, and the @entity26 saturation should be kept just above 90%. Either a short acting @entity2263 -agonist or an anticholinergic is the preferred bronchodilator agent. The choice between the two depends largely on potential undesirable side effects and the @entity1 's @entity558 . Adding a second bronchodilator to the first one does not seem to offer much benefit. The evidence suggests similar benefit of MDIs when compared with nebulized treatment for bronchodilator delivery. If MDIs are to be used, spacer devices are recommended. @entity230 do improve several outcomes during an acute @entity1030 , and a 10- to 14-day course seems appropriate. Antibiotic use has been shown to be beneficial, especially for @entity1 with severe exacerbation. Changes in bacteria strains have been documented during exacerbations, and newer generations of antibiotics might offer a better response rate. There is no role for mucolytic agents or chest physiotherapy in the acute exacerbation setting. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation might benefit a group of @entity1 with rapid decline in respiratory function and gas exchange. It has the potential to decrease the need for intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation and possibly decrease in-hospital mortality.

title: Evidence-based approach to acute exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['coexistent conditions']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['nonpulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD exacerbation', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity67 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity1 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity1 , 26 @entity1 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity1 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity1642 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity1642 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity452 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity1 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity26 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose XXXX maximizes left ventricular contractile response during @entity452 stress echocardiography in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'wall stress']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity67 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity1 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity1 , 26 @entity1 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity1 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity1642 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity1642 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity452 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity1 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity26 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose @entity452 maximizes left ventricular contractile response during XXXX stress echocardiography in @entity1 .

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of ventricular contractile reserve by @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE) may be a powerful tool for detection of subclinical @entity67 , however, the hemodynamic dose-response relationship during DSE in @entity1 has not been established. METHODS: To characterize changes in hemodynamics and ventricular contractility during DSE in @entity1 , 26 @entity1 (age 8.3 +/- 4.8 years; 17 male/9 female) with normal resting left-ventricular function underwent DSE. @entity1 with abnormal wall motion at rest or during DSE, or rejection were excluded. Left ventricular M-mode echocardiography and carotid pulse tracings were obtained at each stage for calculation of shortening fraction, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc), and end-systolic @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). Contractility was expressed as the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 . Dose-response curves for shortening fraction, VCFc, @entity1642 , and contractility (the difference between actual and predicted VCFc for measured @entity1642 ) were obtained. RESULTS: Stepwise changes in contractility, systolic blood pressure, @entity1642 , and left ventricular shortening fraction were observed at doses up to, but not beyond, 20 microg/kg/min. Increases in double product were observed at doses up to 30 microg/kg/min. CONCLUSIONS: DSE at a @entity452 dose of 20 microg/kg/min is optimal to fully assess contractile reserve in @entity1 . Lesser doses may provide insufficient stress, whereas higher doses may incur unnecessary increases in myocardial @entity26 consumption and side effects.

title: Moderate-dose @entity452 maximizes left ventricular contractile response during @entity452 stress echocardiography in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We have prospectively evaluated the cutaneous manifestations of @entity8667 in thirty-five @entity1 treated with horse antithymocyte globulin for @entity2131 . Twenty-one @entity1 (21/35) were treated with antithymocyte globulin (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and fourteen of thirty-five @entity1 were treated with antithymocyte globulin (15 mg/kg/day) for 14 days and then every other day for an additional 14 days. Clinical evidence of @entity8667 developed in thirty @entity1 and included @entity221 (100%), @entity203 (93%), @entity4841 and @entity925 (67%), @entity344 (67%), and @entity3329 (13%). Cutaneous findings consisted of morbilliform eruptions (n = 19), @entity110 (n = 1), or a combination of these two reaction patterns (n = 8). Cutaneous manifestations of @entity8667 began on day 7 +/- 1 and lasted for 12 +/- 2 days for the group as a whole. Biopsies of lesional skin revealed mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrates by light microscopy in these leukopenic @entity1 . Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of lesional skin from patients with @entity8667 demonstrated immunoreactants in seven of nine subjects (78%). Immunoreactants were confined to the walls of dermal blood vessels and consisted of IgM (7/9), C3 (6/9), IgE (5/9), and IgA (4/9). IgG (horse or @entity1 ) was not identified in any of these specimens. Twenty-one @entity1 (21/28) also developed an @entity203 on the sides of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles 12 to 48 hours prior to their morbilliform eruption. This study describes the cutaneous manifestations of human @entity8667 occurring during therapy with horse antithymocyte globulin, documents a cutaneous sign of @entity8667 , and suggests that the @entity203 associated with human @entity8667 are immunologically mediated.

title: Cutaneous manifestations of XXXX in patients receiving antithymocyte globulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous eruption', 'cutaneous eruptions']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['serum sickness']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and malaise']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity8667 :: (MESH:D012713,Disease) :: ['serum sickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of mechanical on electrical remodeling or electrical instability of the heart shows that it is essential for the prevention of @entity944 to avoid or delay mechanical remodeling and neurohumoral activation after @entity583 . In other words, @entity1 after @entity583 prone to neurohumoral activation need to be treated with ACE inhibitors or perhaps AT1-receptor blockers and beta blockers to maintain electrical stability. @entity737 INDICATION: MADIT I and MUSTT study showed that @entity1 with severe @entity67 after @entity583 are at high risk of @entity944 , especially in presence of electrical instabilities indicated by @entity943 . These @entity1 certainly need an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). It is not clear so far whether or not the indication needs to be extended according to the MADIT II study. In other words, need all @entity1188 @entity1 with reduced pump function an @entity737 ? There is no doubt that many @entity1 with an ejection fraction below 30% have @entity943 and fulfil therefore the inclusion criteria for the MADIT I or MUSTT study. In MADIT I, a run of three @entity1540 force was sufficient to fulfil the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Another important consequence of the temporal correlation between mechanical and electrical remodeling is that specific attention must be directed to these interrelations in @entity1 after @entity583 . @entity1 who die of @entity944 in comparison to surviving @entity1 a substantial dilatation of the left ventricular during 6 months of observation which parallel the increasing incidence of @entity1540 . The consequence for therapy would be that in @entity1 who present with @entity5988 during 6 months after @entity583 , electrical instability is present and a high risk of @entity944 exists. These @entity1 probably will benefit from an @entity737 .

title: [ XXXX during remodeling after @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'sudden death show']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of mechanical on electrical remodeling or electrical instability of the heart shows that it is essential for the prevention of @entity944 to avoid or delay mechanical remodeling and neurohumoral activation after @entity583 . In other words, @entity1 after @entity583 prone to neurohumoral activation need to be treated with ACE inhibitors or perhaps AT1-receptor blockers and beta blockers to maintain electrical stability. @entity737 INDICATION: MADIT I and MUSTT study showed that @entity1 with severe @entity67 after @entity583 are at high risk of @entity944 , especially in presence of electrical instabilities indicated by @entity943 . These @entity1 certainly need an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). It is not clear so far whether or not the indication needs to be extended according to the MADIT II study. In other words, need all @entity1188 @entity1 with reduced pump function an @entity737 ? There is no doubt that many @entity1 with an ejection fraction below 30% have @entity943 and fulfil therefore the inclusion criteria for the MADIT I or MUSTT study. In MADIT I, a run of three @entity1540 force was sufficient to fulfil the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Another important consequence of the temporal correlation between mechanical and electrical remodeling is that specific attention must be directed to these interrelations in @entity1 after @entity583 . @entity1 who die of @entity944 in comparison to surviving @entity1 a substantial dilatation of the left ventricular during 6 months of observation which parallel the increasing incidence of @entity1540 . The consequence for therapy would be that in @entity1 who present with @entity5988 during 6 months after @entity583 , electrical instability is present and a high risk of @entity944 exists. These @entity1 probably will benefit from an @entity737 .

title: [ @entity943 during remodeling after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coronary angiography permits evaluation of coronary artery morphology and coronary pathology. It represents an accurate method of defining stenotic coronary lesions. @entity662 may be caused by @entity453 as well as by other @entity299 . However, sensitivity of clinical evaluation and noninvasive diagnostic assessment in detection of @entity453 is limited. Noninvasive diagnostic strategies give inconsistent results in about 10-30%. Here coronary angiography is regarded as an accurate method for appropriate diagnosis. Ist sophisticated apparatus, cost, and invasiveness necessitate well-considered application of this procedure. Therefore, it appears important to analyze coronary angiograms in @entity1 with the referral diagnosis of "atypical" @entity662 with inconsistent noninvasive testing or impossibility to perform noninvasive assessment. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed records of 1,000 consecutive @entity1 (625 @entity1 , 375 @entity1 , mean age 63.1 years), who underwent coronary angiography at our institution from January 5, 1998 to May 5, 1998. RESULTS: 49 @entity1 (17 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ; mean age 59 years) were referred due to "atypical" @entity662 . 21 (42.9%, nine @entity1 , twelve @entity1 ) of these 49 @entity1 had normal coronary arteries at angiography. 21 (42.9%) @entity1 showed @entity453 with a diameter stenosis > 50%. In seven (14.2%) @entity1 , @entity301 with a diameter stenosis < 50% could be observed. Only five (29.4%) of the 17 @entity1 but 16 of the 32 @entity1 (50%) had @entity453 with a diameter stenosis > 50% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In unselected @entity1 referred for coronary angiography due to "atypical" @entity662 and inconsistent noninvasive testing or impossibility to perform noninvasive assessment. 42.9% had @entity453 with a diameter stenosis > 50%. Angiographic evaluation of symptomatic @entity1 with "atypical" signs and symptoms and inconsistent noninvasive testing seems to be appropriate.

title: [Angiographic results of "atypical" XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and noncardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of @entity99 and @entity409 ( @entity409 ). METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and @entity409 (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 @entity1 . Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four @entity1 : one @entity1 with a solitary @entity96 experienced @entity294 , while a @entity1143 , a @entity548 from the trocar-insertion site, and @entity843 occurred in three @entity1 with @entity409 . Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one @entity1 with a solitary cyst. Two @entity1 with @entity409 had a symptomatic recurrence of a @entity96 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and @entity409 . Adequate selection of @entity1 and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of simple XXXX and @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cyst']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of @entity99 and @entity409 ( @entity409 ). METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and @entity409 (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 @entity1 . Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four @entity1 : one @entity1 with a solitary @entity96 experienced @entity294 , while a @entity1143 , a @entity548 from the trocar-insertion site, and @entity843 occurred in three @entity1 with @entity409 . Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one @entity1 with a solitary cyst. Two @entity1 with @entity409 had a symptomatic recurrence of a @entity96 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and @entity409 . Adequate selection of @entity1 and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of simple @entity99 and XXXX .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['polycystic liver disease']


abstract: This report concerns a Japanese family with neuropathological findings consistent with @entity746 / @entity304 - @entity303 complex ( @entity2655 /PDC) in the Island of Guam. The proband was a 68-year-old @entity1 with an 8-year history of @entity304 which was followed by @entity146 symptoms and @entity39348 5 years after the onset. She had a family history of @entity304 associated with @entity303 in all of her three siblings. They grew up in the Hobara village, a focus of @entity746 in the Kii Peninsula of Japan in their childhood. Their parents were not consanguineous nor natives of the Kii Peninsula. The brain weight was 1040 g and there were mild frontal lobe @entity194 , moderate @entity194 of pes hippocampi, decoloration of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, and @entity194 of the anterior root of the spinal cord. The microscopic examinations revealed degeneration of @entity1399 portion of the hippocampus to the parahippocampus gyrus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and spinal anterior horn with Bunina bodies. The spinal pyramidal tracts also mildly degenerated. @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) were observed in the cerebral cortex, especially in the cortices from hippocampus to lateral occipitotemporal gyri, basal nucleus of Mynert, basal ganglia, thalamus, substantia nigra and widespread regions of the central nervous system through the brainstem to spinal cord including the nucleus of Onufrowitcz. In spite of a small amount of the senile plaques in the cerebral cortex and Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus, abundant @entity3072 were distributed mainly in the third layer of the cerebral cortex, which is the characteristic feature of @entity2655 /PDC. Thus, this was likely to be an @entity2655 /PDC case outside the Guam Island. A tau mutation was not found on DNA analysis.

title: A clinical and pathological study of a Japanese case of XXXX /Parkinsonism-Dementia Complex with family history.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity39348 :: ('MESH:C537129', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles', 'NFT']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']


abstract: The annual rate at which @entity1 defaulted from follow up at the Wolverhampton @entity6 clinic between 1971 and 1981 was 4.1% overall and 3.5% in white @entity1 . In 1982 a study was started to discover what happened to white @entity1 , born after 1919, who defaulted from the hospital clinic. There were 162 defaulters, of whom 19 had died. Of the remaining 143 @entity1 , 19 were attending another hospital @entity6 clinic, 22 had moved out of the area, and 28 refused to participate in the study. Seventy four agreed to participate: 39 were treated with diet, 15 with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and 20 with insulin. They were matched for sex, age, treatment, and duration of @entity6 with @entity1 attending the clinic. Non-insulin dependent defaulters were significantly more overweight at diagnosis (40% v 25%; p less than 0.05) and remained more @entity28 . They developed significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (94 v 86 mm Hg; p less than 0.02) and higher @entity4051 ( @entity4051 ) concentrations (11.7% v 8.4%; p less than 0.01). They had significantly more @entity16 at reassessment (15 v 6 out of 54; p less than 0.05) and a greater incidence of new @entity989 (p less than 0.02), which correlated with their higher diastolic blood pressures (p less than 0.01) and @entity4051 concentration (p less than 0.02). In defaulters who were treated with insulin only the prevalence of @entity16 was significantly different from that in controls (p less than 0.05). Defaulters received minimal medical supervision and suffered greater morbidity than regular attenders at the clinic.

title: What happens to defaulters from a XXXX clinic?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Nowadays, the chemoradiotherapeutic protocols for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) achieve high curability rates. Hemato-oncologists focus on both avoiding medical and psychological sequelae of the treatment and returning @entity1 to a normal life. The quality of life and psychological well-being of Spanish @entity1 who are long-term survivors of @entity978 were studied and compared to the results obtained from healthy controls. Questionnaires on quality of life [European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ30] and psychological status [hospital @entity148 and @entity308 (HAD) scale] were mailed to @entity978 @entity1 without active disease and free of second @entity5 and were also given to healthy controls. Of 67 selected @entity1 (68.6%), 46 were included in this study. The median follow-up for these 46 @entity1 was of 7.6 years (0.8-22.1) after being diagnosed. Although there were no differences between @entity1 and controls with regard to their global state of health and quality of life (72.9+/-22.7 vs 79.3+/-18.7; p=0.22), @entity1 presented a lower physical function (88.2+/-18.1 vs 96.5+/-9.7; p=0.05) and a worse social operation scale (81.5+/-25.4 vs 96.3+/-13.1; p= 0.0015) together with higher symptoms of @entity1353 (8.6+/-14.7 vs 0+/-0; p=0.03) and higher economic difficulties (23.1+/-38.3 vs 0.7+/-4.9; p=0.017) when compared with healthy controls. However, we did not find differences in the scores and the proportion of cases of @entity148 and @entity308 between the two groups. The quality of life questionnaire disclosed differences between @entity1 and controls in some functional and symptomatic scales. These differences can be read as a consequence of either the disease itself or the treatment received. However, the results of this controlled pilot study should be confirmed in a larger series of Spanish @entity978 survivors. In the future, these results could be a reference when new therapeutic protocols are designed to reduce the impact on the quality of life of the @entity1 . Socioeconomic support to the @entity1 should also be provided in order to improve their medical care.

title: Quality of life and psychological well-being in Spanish long-term survivors of XXXX : results of a controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: To determine the effectiveness of precleansing with @entity5164 - @entity14942 in reducing the contamination rate of bagged urine specimens, 62 @entity1 admitted to a @entity1 's hospital were randomly assigned to either receive (32 @entity1 ) or not receive (30) cleansing before bag application. Perimeatal swabs were taken before bag application and, in the treated group, after cleansing. Of the specimens from the treated group 69% were found to be contaminated, compared with 73% of those from the no-cleansing group. @entity1216 was ineffective in eliminating the perimeatal flora in 75% of the @entity1 . The same organisms were present on the perimeatal swab and in the urine specimen in 95% of the @entity1 in the treated group and 96% of those in the no-cleansing group. To estimate the contamination rate of urine specimens routinely cultured in the laboratory, 200 consecutive specimens (142 midstream and 58 bagged) were cultured. The contamination rate of the midstream urine specimens was 15%, compared with 66% for the bagged specimens. The cost of laboratory processing of contaminated bagged urine specimens at the hospital in 1983 may have been as high as  13 365. @entity1216 cleansing does not appear to be cost-effective. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of other cleansing agents in reducing the contamination rate of bagged urine specimens.

title: Efficacy of XXXX cleansing in reducing contamination of bagged urine specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity14942 :: ('MESH:C004322', 'Chemical') :: ['cetrimide']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity35 on the @entity8708 ( @entity18399 )-induced @entity694 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity35 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity694 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity5 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity7305 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity35 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity7305 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity5 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity35 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity35 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity7305 groups than in the control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity7305 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by XXXX and tegafur in @entity8708 -induced murine @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'early cancer']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1, 2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancers']

answer: @entity7305 :: (MESH:D007978,Chemical) :: ['levamisole']


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity35 on the @entity8708 ( @entity18399 )-induced @entity694 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity35 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity694 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity5 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity7305 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity35 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity7305 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity5 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity35 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity35 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity7305 groups than in the control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity7305 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by @entity7305 and tegafur in @entity8708 -induced murine XXXX .

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancers']


abstract: The anticancer effects of @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were experimentally compared in @entity35 on the @entity8708 ( @entity18399 )-induced @entity694 . DMH at 20 mg/kg of body weight was injected subcutaneously to Donryu @entity35 once a week for 24 weeks long. Nineteen weeks after the start of DMH administration, early @entity694 were induced and, 28 weeks after, they developed into advanced @entity5 with distant metastases. From 19 weeks after the start of DMH injection, subcutaneous administration of @entity7305 at the dose of 2 mg/kg, oral administration of tegafur at 90 mg/kg and their combination were given to the @entity35 daily for nine weeks. The animals were sacrificed 28 weeks after the start of DMH administration. Tegafur was effective, but @entity7305 with or without tegafur was not effective against @entity5 . From 28 weeks after the start of DMH injection, @entity7305 , tegafur and their combination were administered to the @entity35 daily for four weeks. All of the @entity35 were necropsied when they died. The survival rate and mean survival days were significantly higher and longer in the @entity7305 groups than in the control @entity35 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of distant metastases was also significantly lower in the @entity7305 groups than in the control group.

title: Longer survival and fewer metastases by @entity7305 and tegafur in XXXX -induced murine @entity694 .

answer: @entity8708 :: (MESH:D019813,Chemical) :: ['1, 2-dimethylhydrazine']