abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of skin substitutes upon angiogenesis during wound healing is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To compare the angiogenic response in acute cutaneous @entity1 wounds treated with autogenic, allogenic and xenogenic skin substitutes to those left to heal by secondary intention. METHODS: On day 0, four 5mm full-thickness punch biopsies were harvested from fifty healthy volunteers (sites 1-4). In all cases, site 1 healed by secondary intention (control), site 2 was treated with collagen-GAG scaffold (CG), cadaveric decellularised dermis (DCD) was applied to site 3, whilst excised tissue was re-inserted into site 4 (autograft). Depending on study group allocation, healing tissue from sites 1-4 was excised on day 7, 14, 21 or 28. All specimens were bisected, with half used in histological and immunohistochemical evaluation whilst extracted RNA from the remainder enabled whole genome microarrays and qRT-PCR of highlighted angiogenesis-related genes. All wounds were serially imaged over 6 weeks using laser-doppler imaging and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis. RESULTS: Inherent structural differences between skin substitutes influenced the distribution and organisation of capillary networks within regenerating dermis. Haemoglobin flux (p = 0.0035), @entity7672 concentration (p = 0.0005), and vessel number derived from CD31-based immunohistochemistry (p = 0.046) were significantly greater in DCD wounds at later time points. This correlated with time-matched increases in mRNA expression of @entity22079 ( @entity22079 ) (p = 0.021) and @entity16943 ( @entity16943 ) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Corroborating evidence from invasive and non-invasive modalities demonstrated that treatment with @entity6061 resulted in increased angiogenesis after wounding. Significantly elevated mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic @entity16943 and extracellular matrix protease @entity22079 seen only in the DCD group may contribute to observed responses.

title: Acute Cutaneous Wounds Treated with XXXX Decellularised Dermis Show Enhanced Angiogenesis during Healing.

entities_list: @entity22079 :: ('64386', 'Gene') :: ['MT6-MMP', 'membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhaemoglobin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: (1) @entity33291 were isolated from @entity291 liver capsule by extraction with 2m- @entity4337 followed by precipitation from 0.8m- @entity4337 with @entity4410 . @entity13488 was eliminated by digestion with hyaluronidase. The yield of heparin was approx. 40% of that obtained after extraction of the papain-digested tissue. (2) The macromolecular properties of the hyaluronidase-digested polysaccharide were studied by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of the intact, as well as of the alkali-degraded, material. The results suggested the presence of single heparin chains in addition to a dermatan @entity597 proteoglycan. (3) A purified heparin preparation was analysed for @entity1522 and neutral @entity3363 . Xylose, @entity3649 and @entity563 were found in amounts corresponding to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 residue/polysaccharide chain (mol.wt. 7400), respectively. It is suggested that the isolated material had been degraded by a polysaccharidase with endo-enzyme properties.

title: Attempted isolation of a heparin proteoglycan from XXXX liver capsule.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['Chondroitin sulphate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity33291 :: ('MESH:D011134', 'Chemical') :: ['Polysaccharides']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12085 is a novel @entity2353 with broad spectrum pre-clinical activity and was chosen for study in @entity1 with incurable @entity1149 . The expenses associated with investigational treatment have been assumed to be more than what would occur with conventional therapy, however, data are limited. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 were treated with @entity12085 . @entity12085 was administered as a 72 hour continuous infusion at 2.0 mg/M2/hour. A cost analysis of treatment was calculated for @entity1 treated in Springfield, MO. RESULTS: There were no responses (0%, 95% confidence interval = 0-15%) and median survival was 8 months. An analysis of the cost of treatment in the 4 @entity1 treated in Springfield, MO, was compared to the costs of treatment with 4 cycles of @entity900 and @entity2879 . There were no significant differences in costs for @entity1 treated with the investigational agent as compared with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12085 has no demonstrable activity in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 . Treatment with this agent in an investigational setting was no more expensive than treatment with conventional chemotherapy.

title: Phase II trial and cost analysis of @entity12085 in advanced XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity12085 :: ('MESH:C022121', 'Chemical') :: ['Fazarabine', 'fazarabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12085 is a novel @entity2353 with broad spectrum pre-clinical activity and was chosen for study in @entity1 with incurable @entity1149 . The expenses associated with investigational treatment have been assumed to be more than what would occur with conventional therapy, however, data are limited. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 were treated with @entity12085 . @entity12085 was administered as a 72 hour continuous infusion at 2.0 mg/M2/hour. A cost analysis of treatment was calculated for @entity1 treated in Springfield, MO. RESULTS: There were no responses (0%, 95% confidence interval = 0-15%) and median survival was 8 months. An analysis of the cost of treatment in the 4 @entity1 treated in Springfield, MO, was compared to the costs of treatment with 4 cycles of @entity900 and @entity2879 . There were no significant differences in costs for @entity1 treated with the investigational agent as compared with conventional chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12085 has no demonstrable activity in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 . Treatment with this agent in an investigational setting was no more expensive than treatment with conventional chemotherapy.

title: Phase II trial and cost analysis of XXXX in advanced @entity1149 : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity12085 :: (MESH:C022121,Chemical) :: ['fazarabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this prospective study was to test whether the treatment of @entity130 with open reduction and dorsal plate fixation would have the same or better functional outcomes as treatment with standard trans-articular screw fixation. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with primarily isolated @entity130 were treated by open reduction and dorsal plate fixation or standard screw fixation. The @entity1 were followed on average for 31 months. Evaluation was performed with @entity1 ' chief complaint, clinical examination, radiography, and AOFAS Midfoot Scale. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 were treated with open reduction and dorsal plate fixation, and twenty eight @entity1 were treated with open reduction and screw fixation. After two years follow-up, the mean AOFAS Midfoot score was 83.1 points in the dorsal plate fixation group and 78.5 points in the screw fixation group (p<0.01). Of the dorsal plate fixation group, radiographic analysis revealed anatomic reduction in twenty-nine @entity1 (90.6%, 29/32) and nonanatomic reduction in three @entity1 . Of the screw fixation group, radiographic analysis revealed anatomic reduction in twenty-three @entity1 and nonanatomic reduction in five @entity1 (82.1%, 23/28). CONCLUSIONS: Open reduction and dorsal plate fixation for a dislocated @entity130 do have better short and median term outcome and a lower reoperation rate than standard screw ORIF. In our experience, we recommend using dorsal plate in ORIF on dislocated @entity130 . Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.

title: Outcome comparison of XXXX treated through dorsal plate fixation versus screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Lisfranc joint injury', 'Lisfranc injuries', 'Lisfranc injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Lisfranc injuries']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of @entity1753 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity10822 , in combination with XXXX : reduction of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ).

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal mean arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of @entity1753 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, XXXX , in combination with @entity205 : reduction of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ).

answer: @entity10822 :: (MESH:C066515,Chemical) :: ['AGM-1470']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of XXXX by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity10822 , in combination with @entity205 : reduction of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ).

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['collagen-induced arthritis']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of @entity1753 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity10822 , in combination with @entity205 : reduction of XXXX ( @entity6667 ).

answer: @entity6667 :: (83785(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of @entity1753 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity10822 , in combination with @entity205 : reduction of @entity6667 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6667 :: (83785(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a coexisting internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity850 on lesion volumes as well as diffusion and perfusion parameters in acute @entity385 resulting from @entity2500 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging data of 32 @entity1 with @entity2500 with or without additional ICA @entity850 imaged within 4.5   h of symptom onset were analyzed. Both groups consisted of 16 @entity1 . Acute diffusion lesions were semi-automatically segmented in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI datasets. Perfusion maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow, mean transit time and T max were calculated using perfusion-weighted MRI datasets. Tissue-at-risk (TAR) volumes were generated by subtracting the ADC lesion from the hypoperfusion lesion defined by T max >6   s. Median ADC and perfusion parameter values were extracted separately for the diffusion lesion and TAR and used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the diffusion lesion and TAR volumes. Statistical analysis of diffusion and perfusion parameters revealed CBV as the only parameter with a significant difference (p   =   0.009) contributing a small effect (  (2)   =   0.11) to the group comparison with higher CBV values for the @entity1 group with a coexisting ICA @entity850 , while no significant effects were found for the other diffusion and perfusion parameters analyzed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that a coexisting ICA @entity850 does not have a strong effect on tissue status or perfusion parameters in @entity64 @entity1 except for a moderate elevation of CBV. This may reflect improved collateral circulation or ischemic preconditioning in @entity1 with a pre-existing proximal @entity850 balancing impaired perfusion from the @entity850 .

title: Impact of Severe Extracranial ICA Stenosis on MRI Perfusion and Diffusion Parameters in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion', 'middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is a global health problem with short- and long-term health consequences. This systematic review presents a summary of the experiences on different family-, school-, and clinic-based interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus scientific databases. We included those studies conducted among @entity28 individuals aged up to 18 years. Our search yielded 105 relevant papers, 70 of them were conducted as high quality clinical trials. RESULTS: Our findings propose that school-based programs can have long-term effects in a large target group. This can be related to this fact that @entity1 spend a considerable part of their time in school, and adopt some parts of lifestyle there. They have remarkable consequences on health behaviors, but as there are some common limitations, their effects on anthropometric measures are not clear. Due to the crucial role of parents in development of @entity1 's behaviors, family-based interventions are reported to have successful effects in some aspects; but selection bias and high dropout rate can confound their results. Clinic-based interventions revealed favorable effects. They include dietary or other lifestyle changes like increasing physical activity or behavior therapy. It seems that a comprehensive intervention including diet and exercise are more practical. When they have different designs, results are controversial. CONCLUSION: We suggest that among different types of interventional programs, a multidisciplinary approach in schools in which @entity1 's family are involved, can be the best and most sustainable approach for management of childhood @entity28 .

title: Controlling childhood XXXX : A systematic review on strategies and challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese', 'Childhood obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess possible effects of @entity785 on ventricular function. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 referred for echocardiographic examination to assess ventricular function. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for cardiac and @entity764 equipped with invasive and noninvasive facilities. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 with clinical diagnosis of @entity785 , aged 49 +/- 12 years; 24 had @entity3794 and 10 did not. There were 21 normal controls of similar age. MEASUREMENTS: Two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiographic recordings of the left ventricular minor and long axis at the left and septal sites and right ventricle were obtained. Transmitral and transtricuspid Doppler flow velocities were also obtained with ECG and phonocardiogram. RESULTS: In 24 @entity1 with @entity3794 , long-axis excursion was reduced 2.1 +/- 0.5 vs 2.7 +/- 0.4 cm/s as was peak rate of shortening and lengthening, 8.5 +/- 3.3 vs 10.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s and 7.5 +/- 2.5 vs 12 +/- 3.6 cm/s, respectively (p < 0.001), at the right side compared with 10 @entity1 without. The onset of right long-axis shortening and lengthening was delayed with respect to the Q wave of the ECG and P2 of the phonocardiogram (p < 0.001 in both vs controls). The onset of tricuspid forward flow from the second heart sound was also delayed in the two groups, 110 +/- 15 ms and 100 +/- 20 ms vs 80 +/- 15 ms, respectively (p < 0.001). Right ventricular late diastolic filling velocities were increased 35 +/- 15 and 35 +/- 12 cm/s vs 20 +/- 10 cm/s in both groups (p < 0.01), and hence E:A ratio reduced 1.25 +/- 0.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 vs 1.9 +/- 0.4, respectively (p < 0.001). Pulmonary flow acceleration time was reduced only in @entity1 with @entity3794 , 105 +/- 30 ms vs 125 +/- 30 ms (p < 0.001). At the left side, total long-axis excursion was reduced only in @entity1 with @entity3794 (p < 0.01), while peak shortening and lengthening rates were reduced in both groups (p < 0.05). The onset of shortening from the Q wave and lengthening from the second heart sound were both delayed in the two groups with the latter greatly delayed in @entity1 with @entity3794 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Right and left ventricular long-axis function is frequently abnormal in @entity1 with @entity785 . Abnormalities are more profound in @entity1 with CT evidence of @entity3794 than in those without. We suggest that these disturbances are due to @entity296 which, from the anatomic distribution of longitudinally directed fibers, is likely to have been subendocardial.

title: Abnormal ventricular long-axis function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thresholds of the diagnostic procedures performed to diagnose ICU-acquired @entity55 (IAP) are either speculated or incompletely tested. PURPOSE: To evaluate the best threshold of protected specimen brush (PSB), plugged telescoping catheter (PTC), BAL culture (BAL C), and direct examination of cytocentrifugated lavage fluid (BAL D) to diagnose IAP. Each mechanically ventilated @entity1 with suspected IAP underwent bronchoscopy successively with PSB, PTC, and BAL in the lung segment identified radiographically. POPULATION: One hundred twenty-two episodes of suspected IAP (occurring in 26% of all mechanically ventilated @entity1 ) were studied. Forty-five @entity1 had definite IAP, and 58 had no IAP. Diagnosis was uncertain in 19 cases. RESULTS: Using the classic thresholds, sensitivity was 67% for PSB, 54% for PTC, 59% for BAL D, and 77% for BAL C. Specificity was 88% for PSB, 77% for PTC, 98% for BAL D, and 77% for BAL C. We used receiver operating characteristics methods to reappraise thresholds. Decreasing the thresholds to 500 cfu/mL for PSB, 10(2) cfu/mL for @entity69588 % cells containing bacteria for BAL D, 4 x 10(3) cfu/mL for BAL C increased the sensitivities (plus 14%, 23%, 25%, 10%, respectively) and moderately decreased the specificities (minus 4%, 9%, 2%, 4%, respectively) of the four examinations. The association of PSB with a 500 cfu/mL threshold and BAL D with a 2% threshold recovered all but one episode of @entity55 (SE 96 +/- 4%) with a 84 +/- 10% specificity. For a similar ICU population, these "best" thresholds increased negative predictive value with a minimal decrease of positive predictive value. They need to be confirmed in multiple ICU settings in prospective fashion.

title: Reappraisal of distal diagnostic testing in the diagnosis of ICU-acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To relate changes in fractional anisotropy associated with @entity146 to measures of apathy and disinhibition. BACKGROUND: Apathy and disinhibition are the 2 most common behavioral features of @entity146 , and these symptoms are associated with accelerated @entity1 decline and caregiver stress. However, little is known about how @entity62 contributes to these symptoms. METHODS: We collected neuropsychiatric data, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging in 11 @entity1 who met published criteria for @entity146 and had an autopsy-validated cerebrospinal fluid profile consistent with @entity747 . We also collected imaging data on 34 healthy seniors for analyses defining regions of disease in the @entity1 . We calculated and analyzed fractional anisotropy with a white matter tract-specific method. This approach uses anatomically guided data reduction to increase sensitivity, and localizes results within canonically defined tracts. We used nonparametric, cluster-based statistical analysis to relate fractional anisotropy to neuropsychiatric measures of apathy and disinhibition. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity146 had widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy in anterior portions of frontal and temporal white matter, compared to the controls. Fractional anisotropy correlated with @entity1315 in the right corona radiata. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity146 , apathy and disinhibition are associated with distinct regions of @entity62 . The implicated fiber tracts likely support frontotemporal networks that are involved in goal-directed behavior.

title: XXXX contributes to apathy and disinhibition in @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['apathy in the left uncinate fasciculus and with disinhibition']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter disease']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['White matter disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To relate changes in fractional anisotropy associated with @entity146 to measures of apathy and disinhibition. BACKGROUND: Apathy and disinhibition are the 2 most common behavioral features of @entity146 , and these symptoms are associated with accelerated @entity1 decline and caregiver stress. However, little is known about how @entity62 contributes to these symptoms. METHODS: We collected neuropsychiatric data, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging in 11 @entity1 who met published criteria for @entity146 and had an autopsy-validated cerebrospinal fluid profile consistent with @entity747 . We also collected imaging data on 34 healthy seniors for analyses defining regions of disease in the @entity1 . We calculated and analyzed fractional anisotropy with a white matter tract-specific method. This approach uses anatomically guided data reduction to increase sensitivity, and localizes results within canonically defined tracts. We used nonparametric, cluster-based statistical analysis to relate fractional anisotropy to neuropsychiatric measures of apathy and disinhibition. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity146 had widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy in anterior portions of frontal and temporal white matter, compared to the controls. Fractional anisotropy correlated with @entity1315 in the right corona radiata. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity146 , apathy and disinhibition are associated with distinct regions of @entity62 . The implicated fiber tracts likely support frontotemporal networks that are involved in goal-directed behavior.

title: @entity62 contributes to apathy and disinhibition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   Eloquent diffuse low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) threaten @entity1 ' neurologic function and are also associated with inferior survival. Many neurosurgeons still refrain from early resection due to the fear of iatrogenic @entity16 . However, the perceived safety of expectant management strategies may soon be overshadowed by the progressive @entity5 growth in eloquent regions. It is also known that radical and successful surgery prolongs progression-free survival, overall survival, and may reduce @entity410 burden and also potentially neurocognitive functions. Thus early successful surgery with preservation of function has a significant impact on @entity1 ' health. In modern neurosurgery, safe resection is often possible with detailed knowledge of anatomy and function together with the active use of various intraoperative surgical tools. We present illustrative cases of eloquent LGGs treated with different intraoperative tools. Methods   An introduction to important intraoperative tools in LGG surgery is provided by experts in the field and described in five cases viewed in the context of the recent LGG literature. Results   We present five cases with presumed eloquently located LGGs where extensive resection was offered using different intraoperative techniques. The clinical and radiologic outcomes are described. Conclusions   Correct use of intraoperative tools together with the surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and function will provide good functional and oncologic results in eloquently located LGGs. Watchful waiting or deferral of surgery due to @entity5 location (i.e., claiming inoperability) is very rarely good practice.

title: Surgical Management of Eloquent Supratentorial XXXX with Special Emphasis on Intraoperative Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deficits of tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Gliomas']


abstract: Modulation of @entity1487 (FUra) using @entity4181 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity137 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity1 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity1 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity137 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity5 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of @entity1487 , XXXX and interferon alfa in advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'increased cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: Modulation of @entity1487 (FUra) using @entity4181 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity137 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity1 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity1 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity137 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity5 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of @entity1487 , @entity4181 and interferon alfa in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Modulation of @entity1487 (FUra) using @entity4181 (LV) is a standard treatment approach in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Modulation of FUra with interferon alfa has also shown some promise. Laboratory data have demonstrated @entity137 when FUra is combined with both LV and interferon. The current study examined the effects of double modulation of FUra using LV and interferon. @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 received bolus FUra 375 mg/m2 plus LV 20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, repeated every 28 days. Recombinant @entity1 interferon alfa-2a, 3 million IU/m2 subcutaneously, was given daily on the days of chemotherapy then three times weekly. There was one complete response and nine partial responses (10/41) seen for an overall response rate of 24% (95% CI 12.0-40.0%). Overall, 70% of @entity1 experienced one or more episodes of nonhematologic @entity137 of grade 3 or more. Weight loss was common, with a mean decrease of 2.9 kg over the first two months (P < 0.0001). Improvements in @entity5 -related symptoms were balanced by increased fatigue and a deterioration in body weight and performance status. There was no evidence of progressive changes in FUra metabolism from interferon usage.

title: A clinical and pharmacological study of XXXX , @entity4181 and interferon alfa in advanced @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Blood @entity413 awareness training (BGAT) teaches individuals with @entity1723 to more accurately estimate/detect their blood @entity413 (BG) fluctuations. It has not, however, consistently resulted in improved ability to detect low BG. To assess an enhanced version of BGAT (BGAT-II), with more focus on increasing sensitivity to low BG events, a multicenter study was undertaken. Following up on previous findings that BGAT is most effective with individuals who are least accurate in estimating BG, this study explicitly recruited subjects who did and did not report reduced awareness of @entity4053 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-eight subjects from three research sites participated in a repeated baseline design. Subjects' BG estimation accuracy and BG profiles were assessed 6 months before, immediately before, and immediately after BGAT-II. RESULTS: Post-treatment, BGAT-II led to better overall accuracy in detecting BG fluctuations and better detection of both low and high BG levels. This was achieved while the number of low readings of self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) was reduced. Reduction in the number of low SMBG events was significant only for subjects reporting awareness of @entity4053 . Detection of low BG was significant only for subjects reporting reduced awareness of @entity4053 . Both groups demonstrated equivalent improvements in detection of high BG levels. CONCLUSIONS: BGAT may be an effective behavioral strategy for reversing hypoglycemic unawareness and an adjunct to intensive insulin therapy to reduce the occurrence of severe @entity4053 .

title: A multicenter evaluation of blood XXXX awareness training-II.

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: There is growing evidence that more @entity1 in the UK are consuming fish taken from inland waterways. This may be partly due to the increased numbers of migrants from Eastern Europe where this is part of traditional culture and partly because of a desire to try new foods encouraged by celebrity chefs. Fish can bioaccumulate environmental contaminants and so could contribute a significant amount to dietary exposure to these chemicals. This study examined the changing habits of anglers and consumers and characterised a range of existing and emerging contaminants in freshwater fish species with a view to determining current levels of occurrence and possible risk from consumption. The project was conducted in two stages. The first stage included (a) a study that identified freshwater systems that are contaminated either by anthropogenic activity or as a result of the geology of the area; and (b) socioeconomic research to assess the consumption habits of the public, particularly anglers, with respect to fish and shellfish from unmanaged inland waterways. Based on the outcome from the first stage, specific rivers and other inland waterways were chosen for investigation, along with the range of contaminants to be included in the analytical programme. Predicted contamination levels and prevalence of anglers were among the factors taken into consideration. The second stage of the project involved sampling and analysis of fish taken from selected locations on the chosen waterways. A range of fish species from a variety of inland water habitats were obtained. These were analysed for the following contaminants: heavy metals, chlorinated @entity11361 ( @entity38849 /Fs), @entity34148 (PBBs), @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ), brominated @entity11361 (PBDD/Fs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ), OC pesticides, organotin compounds and organo- @entity2862 compounds. Legal limits for contaminants apply only to food traded commercially, but some samples were in excess of the regulatory limits for @entity38849 /Fs and @entity3215 in such fish. The maximum detected WHO-TEQ (1998) for @entity38849 /Fs plus @entity3215 was over 32ngkg(-1) on a whole weight basis for a sample of @entity26726 from the River Don, and 6 other samples were also above the 8ngkg(-1) limit.

title: Contamination of fish in UK fresh water systems: Risk assessment for XXXX consumption.

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['polybrominated diphenylethers', 'PBDEs']

entities_list: @entity34148 :: ('MESH:D011075', 'Chemical') :: ['polybrominated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genital area has a high exposure to various allergens that are not always obvious. Out of shame @entity1 may not complain about symptoms in this area. Moreover, diagnosis and therapy are often not primarily conducted by a dermatologist and allergologist. Therefore, many cases of @entity56 in the genital area remain undetected. OBJECTIVES: Which type  I and type  IV @entity566 occur in the genital area? Which allergens are currently of importance? Which are the characteristics of @entity56 in the genital area? What are the symptoms and differential diagnoses? What to focus on when taking medical history and in clinical diagnostics? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current medical literature regarding @entity56 in the genital area is discussed. RESULTS: In the genital area type  IV @entity566 such as contact @entity1909 exceed @entity566 in number. Contact @entity110 can occur due to seminal plasma @entity566 , latex @entity566 and a transfer of type  I allergens via semen. Contact allergens are found in sex products such as condoms, but also in topical products. @entity16880 has become a new and important contact allergen for the genital area in recent years. Also, fixed @entity203 occurs preferentially in the genital area. As a delayed type  IV @entity566 due to systemically administered drugs it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Presumably, there are a high number of unreported cases of @entity56 in the genital area. Interdisciplinary collaboration between gynecologists, urologists and dermatologist should be increased. The use of @entity16880 in rinse-off and leave-on products should be discussed.

title: [ XXXX in the genital area.]

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['type  I allergies', 'allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone', 'Methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic diseases']


abstract: Five mAb directed at the @entity3647 chain were analyzed for their binding and functional properties. They define three epitopes on a recombinant soluble beta chain or on the beta chain expressed at the surface of YT-2C2 cells. Epitope 1 (A41 and 6E8 mAb) is part of the @entity1199 binding domain, whereas epitope 2 (CF1 and 6E10 mAb) is not involved in @entity1199 binding. Epitope 3 (6B5 mAb) also partly overlaps the @entity1199 binding domain but does not overlap epitopes 1 and 2. None of the mAb can by themselves inhibit @entity1199 induced proliferation of a @entity1 activated T cell clone. Only epitope 1 mAb can synergize with an anti-alpha chain mAb to inhibit this proliferation. Using epitope 1 and 2 mAb as well as a purified, recombinant form of the @entity3647 chain extracellular domain, an ELISA-based immunoassay was set up which allows the quantitative determination of soluble and detergent solubilized @entity3647 chains. Epitopes 1 and 2 are in non-competitive interaction: the binding of a mAb to one epitope decreases the affinity of a mAb for the second epitope. Epitope 2 mAb have binding stoichiometries (approximately 16,000 sites/cell) which are approximately 80% higher than that of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1199 itself (approximately 9000 sites/cell). Upon binding of epitope 2 mAb, the stoichiometries of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1199 are increased to reach the stoichiometry of epitope 2 mAb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunological characterization of antigenic domains on @entity1 XXXX subunit: epitope-function relationships.

answer: @entity3647 :: (3560,Gene) :: ['IL-2 receptor beta']


abstract: Five mAb directed at the @entity3647 chain were analyzed for their binding and functional properties. They define three epitopes on a recombinant soluble beta chain or on the beta chain expressed at the surface of YT-2C2 cells. Epitope 1 (A41 and 6E8 mAb) is part of the @entity1199 binding domain, whereas epitope 2 (CF1 and 6E10 mAb) is not involved in @entity1199 binding. Epitope 3 (6B5 mAb) also partly overlaps the @entity1199 binding domain but does not overlap epitopes 1 and 2. None of the mAb can by themselves inhibit @entity1199 induced proliferation of a @entity1 activated T cell clone. Only epitope 1 mAb can synergize with an anti-alpha chain mAb to inhibit this proliferation. Using epitope 1 and 2 mAb as well as a purified, recombinant form of the @entity3647 chain extracellular domain, an ELISA-based immunoassay was set up which allows the quantitative determination of soluble and detergent solubilized @entity3647 chains. Epitopes 1 and 2 are in non-competitive interaction: the binding of a mAb to one epitope decreases the affinity of a mAb for the second epitope. Epitope 2 mAb have binding stoichiometries (approximately 16,000 sites/cell) which are approximately 80% higher than that of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1199 itself (approximately 9000 sites/cell). Upon binding of epitope 2 mAb, the stoichiometries of epitope 1 mAb and @entity1199 are increased to reach the stoichiometry of epitope 2 mAb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunological characterization of antigenic domains on XXXX @entity3647 subunit: epitope-function relationships.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We investigated statistical association between @entity32 and @entity5 in a group of @entity1 followed up for 26 years with the hypothesis that @entity32 affects carcinogenesis. Altogether, 1676 30- to 40-year-old subjects from Stockholm were clinically examined in 1985. In 2011, we compared the baseline oral examination and follow-up data with @entity5 diagnoses sourced from the Swedish national hospital register databases. Of 1676 individuals, 89 (55 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 ) had got @entity5 by the year 2011. @entity1 were found to be at higher risk for @entity5 than @entity1 . Smoking (expressed in pack-years) had been more prevalent in the @entity5 group than in those with no @entity5 diagnosis. Gingival index, marker of @entity32 , was higher in the @entity5 group than in subjects with no @entity5 . There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, education, dental plaque and calculus index scores, or in the number of missing teeth. In multiple logistic regression analysis with @entity5 as the dependent variable and several independent variables, pack-years of smoking appeared to be a principal independent predictor with odds ratio (OR) 1.32 while @entity32 showed OR 1.29. Hence, our present findings showed that together with smoking, @entity32 indeed associated with the incidence of @entity5 in this cohort.

title: Unique database study linking XXXX and smoking in carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['gingival inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6288 , @entity28 , and @entity170 are three interrelated entities which may share common pathophysiological factors. In the last decades, overall survival has drastically increased. Postmenopausal @entity1 , due to their @entity172 depletion, are at higher risk of developing any of these three conditions or the three, which is termed @entity28 . One of the most common health problems among these @entity1 is the elevated risk of falls and @entity174 . Falls and fall-related @entity130 are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults, and have a significant impact on social, economical and health-related costs. Several extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors have been described that play a role in the etiology of falls. A therapeutic approach to @entity28 aimed at the prevention of falls must include several factors, and act on those risk elements which can be effectively modified. An adequate weight-loss diet and a good nutritional intake, with an appropriate amount of @entity560 and the right protein/ @entity3363 ratio, may contribute to the prevention of falls. The recommendation of physical exercise, both traditional (resistance or aerobic training) and more recent varieties (Tai Chi, Pilates, body vibration), can improve balance and positively contribute to fall prevention, whether by itself or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. Finally, a pharmacological approach, especially one focused on hormone therapy, has shown to have a positive effect on postmenopausal @entity1 's balance, leading to a decreased risk of falls.

title: XXXX and fall prevention strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcopenic obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcopenic obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this work was to report success rates as well as potential obstacles in transnasal endoscopic resection of anterior skull base @entity1653 . METHODS: The study design was a case series with chart review at tertiary referral centers in South Australia and New Zealand. The @entity1 were 37 consecutive @entity1 who underwent endoscopic resection of skull-base @entity1653 between 2004 and 2013. Review of @entity1 charts and operative details were performed. Outcomes including complications are reported. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent of @entity1 were @entity1 . There were 28 primary and 9 revision cases. @entity5 locations were as follows: 14 olfactory groove/subfrontal; 12 planum/jugum sphenoidale; 7 tuberculum sellae; 3 clinoidal; and 1 clival. Vision change was the most common presenting symptom. Mean @entity5 volume was 33.68 cm(3) , mean diameter was 2.78 cm. Average operating times decreased with an initial learning curve and then plateaued. @entity5 larger than 60 cm(3) took an average of 10 hours to resect. Gross total removal was achieved in 29 @entity1 . There were no perioperative @entity204 . Two @entity204 occurred within 1 year of surgery. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occurred in 13 @entity1 . Seventy-five percent of @entity1 presenting with @entity227 . Of the 29 @entity1 considered to have had complete resection at surgery, one was found to have @entity66 on a postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and another one later developed radiological evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Using a 2-team approach, @entity1653 of the skull base were successfully removed via an intranasal endoscopic technique. Although complete resection is typically possible even with large @entity5 , the lengthy resection required time for @entity5 larger than 60 cm(3) (diameter >= 4 cm) may obviate some of the advantages of this approach. The rate of postoperative CSF leak decreases when a synthetic dural substitute is added but does not approach zero.

title: Update on endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss reported visual improvement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study monitored the dynamics and diversity of the @entity1 faecal 'Atopobium cluster' over a 3-month period using a polyphasic approach. Fresh faecal samples were collected fortnightly from 13 healthy donors (6 males and 7 females) aged between 26 and 61 years. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to enumerate total (EUB338mix) and 'Atopobium cluster' (ATO291) bacteria, with counts ranging between 1.12 * 1011 and 9.95 * 1011, and 1.03 * 109 and 1.16 * 1011 cells (g dry weight faeces)-1, respectively. The 'Atopobium cluster' population represented 0.2-22 % of the total bacteria, with proportions donor-dependent. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using 'Atopobium cluster'-specific primers demonstrated faecal populations of these bacteria were relatively stable, with bands identified as Collinsella aerofaciens, Collinsella intestinalis/Collinsella stercoris, Collinsella tanakaei, Coriobacteriaceae sp. PEAV3-3, @entity45076 , Gordonibacter pamelaeae, Olsenella profusa, @entity23143 and Paraeggerthella hongkongensis in the DGGE profiles of individuals. Colony PCR was used to identify 'Atopobium cluster' bacteria isolated from faeces (n = 224 isolates). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of isolates demonstrated Collinsella aerofaciens represented the predominant (88 % of isolates) member of the 'Atopobium cluster' found in @entity1 faeces, being found in nine individuals. @entity45076 was identified in three individuals (3.6 % of isolates). Isolates of Collinsella tanakaei, an 'Enorma' sp. and representatives of novel species belonging to the 'Atopobium cluster' were also identified in the study. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates demonstrated their highly saccharolytic nature and heterogeneous phenotypic profiles, and 97 % of the isolates displayed lipase activity.

title: Dynamics and diversity of the 'Atopobium cluster' in the XXXX faecal microbiota, and phenotypic characterization of 'Atopobium cluster' isolates.

entities_list: @entity45076 :: ('84112', 'Species') :: ['Eggerthella lenta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity288 have played a key role in the immunosuppression of organ transplantation. Unfortunately, the extensive use of these agents has resulted in disabling and life-threatening adverse effects in many @entity1 . The advent of concomitant @entity228 / @entity205 regimens has allowed a reduction in the dosages of @entity230 administered, yet @entity134 -induced morbidity is still a major problem in many @entity205 -treated renal transplant @entity1 . After favourable initial experiences with @entity205 monotherapy, several attempts at @entity134 -free immunosuppression in renal transplant @entity1 have been undertaken, either by not starting @entity230 after transplantation or by stopping @entity230 in @entity1 with stable graft function. Most controlled and uncontrolled trials showed that with either strategy short term graft survival was similar with or without @entity230 , but acute rejection was more frequent in @entity1 not taking @entity230 . The percentage of @entity1 who could be maintained @entity134 -free ranged from 28 to 94%, and was higher in @entity1 who stopped @entity230 later than in those never receiving them. Little information is available about long term follow-up of these @entity1 . Some studies reported late @entity177 in @entity1 not taking @entity230 , while others reported a favourable outcome even in the long term. @entity134 -free immunosuppression is feasible in renal transplant @entity1 , but it requires careful monitoring of renal function and @entity205 dosage. This strategy is particularly indicated in @entity1 at high risk of @entity65 or @entity134 -related complications, and in @entity1 . Nevertheless, several issues need to be better elucidated by further studies, namely the long term outcome of @entity134 -free immunosuppression, the advantages and disadvantages of @entity134 avoidance versus @entity134 withdrawal, and the criteria for selecting @entity1 .

title: XXXX in kidney transplant recipients. Safety issues and timing of discontinuation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['attrition of renal function']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroids']


abstract: This paper presents the treatment results and experiences gained from a retrospective study of @entity1 treated with the IMZ osseo-integrated implant system and mandibular overdentures. @entity1 experiencing problems wearing conventional dentures were assessed by the implant team and 65 cases were treated with 154 endosseous implants placed in the edentulous mandible. Two to four implants were placed in each case and in addition some @entity1 have had augmentation of the mandible with @entity692 . The definitive mandibular prostheses were supported by both implants and the residual ridges. A variety of retention systems were utilised, which included different types of bar and clip, stud attachments, and magnets. The @entity1 have been followed up regularly and evaluated after periods of between one and six years. Six implants have failed over this time resulting in a success rate of over 96%. Most @entity1 expressed a high degree of satisfaction with their new overdentures. There was, however, a considerable burden of maintenance care required for the @entity1 group examined. The findings demonstrate that implant retained overdentures offer a highly effective means of oral rehabilitation for the @entity3202 mandible, restoring both oral function and facial form.

title: Prosthetic management of the XXXX mandible using endosseous implants and overdentures: a six year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity170 is a debilitating condition with rising frequency of @entity174 with advancing age. Life expectancy increases in developing societies with the emergence of @entity170 . There is a need for a simple protocol to diagnose @entity174 that merit treatment for @entity170 . METHODS: Evaluation of all consecutive lateral chest radiographs performed at the National Hospital in the capital city in Greenland over a 3-month period for vertebral body heights at the anterior, middle and posterior regions. Use of anti-osteoporotic drug was evaluated from records of dispensed drugs from Greenland National Pharmacy. RESULTS: 1869 vertebrae were evaluated on radiographs from 203 subjects. On average 9.2 vertebrae (range 5-13) qualified for evaluation in each individual. Median (range) age was 55 (30-82) years. Any @entity85 above 25 (20)  % was seen in 28.6 (50.2)  %. More than one @entity174 was seen in 10.3 (27.1) %. @entity174 occurred in 18.5 (36.9) % of @entity1 from the General Medicine Clinic and in 33.3 (56.5) % of inpatients (p  =  0.029). The occurrence of @entity174 increased with age (p  <  0.001) and hosting more than one vertebral @entity174 was markedly more frequent after the age of 60  years [OR, 95  % CI 9.6, 3.1-30 (5.7, 2.9-11); p  <  0.001] after correction for gender in logistic regressions. The National Pharmacy handed out anti-osteoporotic drugs equal to the treatment of 36 individuals. CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 that merit treatment can be readily diagnosed from lateral chest radiographs taken in routine clinical work-up. They are common in Greenland as demonstrated by this simple protocol to improve diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 in a developing society.

title: An efficient case finding strategy to diagnose XXXX in a developing society with low treatment frequency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral deformity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Vertebral fractures', 'fragility fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle wasting in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is associated with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise results in @entity2086 in the healthy population, but is underinvestigated in @entity740 . We aimed to determine the feasibility of delivering a supervised progressive resistance exercise program in @entity740 , with secondary aims to investigate effects on muscle size, strength, and physical functioning. STUDY DESIGN: Parallel randomized controlled feasibility study. SETTING _ @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity740 stages 3b to 4 were randomly assigned to the exercise (n=20; 11 @entity1 ; median age, 63 [IQR, 57-65] years; median estimated glomerular filtration rate, 28.5 [IQR, 19.0-32.0] mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) or nonexercise control (n=18; 14 @entity1 ; median age, 66 [IQR, 45-79] years; estimated glomerular filtration rate, 20.5 [IQR, 16.0-26.0] mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) group. INTERVENTION: @entity1 in the exercise group undertook an 8-week progressive resistance exercise program consisting of 3 sets of 10 to 12 leg extensions at 70% of estimated 1-repetition maximum thrice weekly. @entity1 in the control group continued with usual physical activity. OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were related to study feasibility: eligibility, recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. Secondary outcomes were muscle anatomical cross-sectional area, muscle volume, pennation angle, knee extensor strength, and exercise capacity. MEASUREMENTS: Two- and 3-dimensional ultrasonography of skeletal muscle, dynamometry, and shuttle walk tests at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS: Of 2,349 @entity1 screened, 403 were identified as eligible and 38 enrolled in the study. 33 (87%) completed the study, and those in the exercise group attended 92% of training sessions. No changes were seen in controls for any parameter. Progressive resistance exercise increased muscle anatomical cross-sectional area, muscle volume, knee extensor strength, and exercise capacity. LIMITATIONS: No blinded assessors, magnetic resonance imaging not used to assess muscle mass, lack of a healthy control group. CONCLUSIONS: This type of exercise is well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity740 and confers important clinical benefits; however, low recruitment rates suggest that a supervised outpatient-based program is not the most practical implementation strategy.

title: Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in XXXX : A Feasibility Study.

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['CKD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the rate of persistent and recurrent @entity2742 after focused unilateral exploration (UE) with intraoperative monitoring of intact @entity461 (IOPTH). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 915 @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) underwent parathyroid surgery by a single surgeon from January 2003 to September 2013. A total of 556 @entity1 with at least a single positive preoperative localization by ultrasound (US) and/or sestamibi scan (STS) underwent UE with IOPTH. The criterion for completion of surgery was an IOPTH fall of 50% from the highest intraoperative level and into the normal range 5 to 10 minutes after resection of the localized gland. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 had either persistent or recurrent @entity459 , yielding a 2.7% (95% CI 1.6% to 4.4%) overall recurrence rate based on the refined Wilson method with continuity correction. Four @entity1 had persistent @entity459 . Three of these @entity1 were cured with reoperation, and the fourth @entity1 was followed nonoperatively. Eleven @entity1 had recurrent @entity459 , with 5 corrected by surgery and 6 @entity1 followed nonoperatively. The mean postoperative serum @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) level was 9.4 mg/dL over a mean follow-up interval of 44.0 months. Preoperative localization rates by each localization study were: US 74.3% (n  = 413), STS 86.9% (n  = 483), and US and STS 71.4% (n  = 397). There was no difference in the preoperative study that localized the hyperfunctional parathyroid gland in recurrent vs nonrecurrent @entity1 by the Fisher's exact test (US, p  =1.00; STS, p  =0.65; US and STS, p  =1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The low rate of recurrent @entity459 after focused unilateral exploration with IOPTH suggests that this procedure should not be abandoned.

title: No Need to Abandon Focused Unilateral Exploration for Primary XXXX with Intraoperative Monitoring of Intact @entity461 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['PHP', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['Hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the rate of persistent and recurrent @entity2742 after focused unilateral exploration (UE) with intraoperative monitoring of intact @entity461 (IOPTH). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 915 @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) underwent parathyroid surgery by a single surgeon from January 2003 to September 2013. A total of 556 @entity1 with at least a single positive preoperative localization by ultrasound (US) and/or sestamibi scan (STS) underwent UE with IOPTH. The criterion for completion of surgery was an IOPTH fall of 50% from the highest intraoperative level and into the normal range 5 to 10 minutes after resection of the localized gland. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 had either persistent or recurrent @entity459 , yielding a 2.7% (95% CI 1.6% to 4.4%) overall recurrence rate based on the refined Wilson method with continuity correction. Four @entity1 had persistent @entity459 . Three of these @entity1 were cured with reoperation, and the fourth @entity1 was followed nonoperatively. Eleven @entity1 had recurrent @entity459 , with 5 corrected by surgery and 6 @entity1 followed nonoperatively. The mean postoperative serum @entity460 ( @entity9495 ) level was 9.4 mg/dL over a mean follow-up interval of 44.0 months. Preoperative localization rates by each localization study were: US 74.3% (n  = 413), STS 86.9% (n  = 483), and US and STS 71.4% (n  = 397). There was no difference in the preoperative study that localized the hyperfunctional parathyroid gland in recurrent vs nonrecurrent @entity1 by the Fisher's exact test (US, p  =1.00; STS, p  =0.65; US and STS, p  =1.00). CONCLUSIONS: The low rate of recurrent @entity459 after focused unilateral exploration with IOPTH suggests that this procedure should not be abandoned.

title: No Need to Abandon Focused Unilateral Exploration for Primary @entity2742 with Intraoperative Monitoring of Intact XXXX .

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['Parathyroid Hormone']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to examine factors that predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) access among eligible, @entity645 -positive @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) clients. We also tested the hypothesis that sustained @entity569 participation increases the likelihood of accessing ART. DESIGN: A nation-wide cohort study conducted from 1 March 2004 to 31 December 2011. SETTING: @entity569 clients were followed from the time of their enrolment in China's national @entity569 programme until their death or the study end date. @entity1 : Our cohort comprised 7111 ART-eligible, @entity645 -positive @entity569 clients, 49.2% of whom remained ART-naive and 50.8% of whom received ART. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables, drug use history, @entity569 programme participation and @entity645 -related clinical characteristics of study @entity1 who remained naive to ART and those who accessed ART were compared by univariate and multivariable analysis. FINDINGS: Predictors of accessing ART among this cohort included being retained in @entity569 at the time of first meeting ART eligibility [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)   =   1.84, confidence interval (CI)   =   1.54-2.21, P   <   0.001] compared to meeting ART eligibility before entering @entity569 (AOR   =   0.98, CI   =   0.80-1.21, P   =   0.849) or previously entering @entity569 and dropping out before meeting ART eligibility. Additional predictors were @entity404  <=200 cells/ l when ART-eligibility requirement was first met (AOR   =   1.81, CI   =   1.61-2.05, P   <   0.001 compared to @entity404   =   201-350 cells/ l), and being in a stable partner relationship (married/cohabitating: AOR   =   1.14, CI   =   1.01-1.28, P   =   0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Retained participation in @entity284 maintenance treatment increases the likelihood that eligible clients will access antiretroviral therapy. These results highlight the potential benefit of colocalization of @entity284 maintenance treatment and antiretroviral therapy services in a 'one-stop-shop' model.

title: Predictors of accessing antiretroviral therapy among XXXX -positive drug users in China's National @entity284 Maintenance Treatment Programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to examine factors that predict antiretroviral therapy (ART) access among eligible, @entity645 -positive @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) clients. We also tested the hypothesis that sustained @entity569 participation increases the likelihood of accessing ART. DESIGN: A nation-wide cohort study conducted from 1 March 2004 to 31 December 2011. SETTING: @entity569 clients were followed from the time of their enrolment in China's national @entity569 programme until their death or the study end date. @entity1 : Our cohort comprised 7111 ART-eligible, @entity645 -positive @entity569 clients, 49.2% of whom remained ART-naive and 50.8% of whom received ART. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic variables, drug use history, @entity569 programme participation and @entity645 -related clinical characteristics of study @entity1 who remained naive to ART and those who accessed ART were compared by univariate and multivariable analysis. FINDINGS: Predictors of accessing ART among this cohort included being retained in @entity569 at the time of first meeting ART eligibility [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)   =   1.84, confidence interval (CI)   =   1.54-2.21, P   <   0.001] compared to meeting ART eligibility before entering @entity569 (AOR   =   0.98, CI   =   0.80-1.21, P   =   0.849) or previously entering @entity569 and dropping out before meeting ART eligibility. Additional predictors were @entity404  <=200 cells/ l when ART-eligibility requirement was first met (AOR   =   1.81, CI   =   1.61-2.05, P   <   0.001 compared to @entity404   =   201-350 cells/ l), and being in a stable partner relationship (married/cohabitating: AOR   =   1.14, CI   =   1.01-1.28, P   =   0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Retained participation in @entity284 maintenance treatment increases the likelihood that eligible clients will access antiretroviral therapy. These results highlight the potential benefit of colocalization of @entity284 maintenance treatment and antiretroviral therapy services in a 'one-stop-shop' model.

title: Predictors of accessing antiretroviral therapy among @entity645 -positive drug users in China's National XXXX Maintenance Treatment Programme.

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundWe investigated whether routine elective irradiation of a clinically negative @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) is necessary for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 and anal canal invasion (ACI).MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively 1,246 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity420 managed using preoperative or postoperative chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery between 2001 and 2011. The @entity1   @entity1817 was clinically negative at presentation and @entity1817 irradiation was not performed. ACI was defined as the lower edge of the @entity5 being within 3 cm of the anal verge. @entity1 were divided into two groups, those with ACI (n  =  189, 15.2%) and without ACI (n  =  1,057, 84.8%).ResultsThe follow-up period was a median of 66 months (range, 3  142 months). Among the 1,246 @entity1 , 10 developed @entity1817 recurrence; 7 with ACI and 3 without ACI. The actuarial @entity1817 recurrence rate at 5 years was 0.7%; 3.5% and 0.2% in @entity1 with and without ACI, respectively (p  <  0.001). Isolated @entity1817 recurrence occurred in three @entity1 , all of whom had @entity3 . These three @entity1 received curative intent local treatments, and one was alive with no evidence of disease 10 years after @entity1817 recurrence. Salvage treatments in the other two @entity1 controlled successfully the @entity1817 recurrence for >5 years, but they developed second @entity5 or pelvic and distant recurrences. Seven @entity1 with non-isolated @entity1817 recurrence died of disease at 5  22 months after @entity1817 recurrence.ConclusionThe low @entity1817 recurrence rate even with ACI and the feasibility of salvage of isolated @entity1817 recurrence indicated that routine elective @entity1817 irradiation is not necessary for @entity5 with ACI.

title: Is elective inguinal radiotherapy necessary for locally advanced XXXX invading anal canal?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'distal rectal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['IGN', 'inguinal node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['ACI tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity6675 is a @entity154 with increasing incidence, easy prenatal diagnosis and extremely variable postnatal outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review the evidence regarding the association between prenatal ultrasound signs (intraabdominal bowel dilatation [IABD], extraabdominal bowel dilatation, @entity6676 [ @entity6676 ], bowel wall thickness, @entity2978 , and small for gestational age) and perinatal outcomes in @entity6675 (bowel @entity1146 , intra uterine @entity204 , @entity204 , time to full enteral feeding, length of total parenteral nutrition and length of in hospital stay). METHODS: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched electronically. Studies exploring the association between antenatal ultrasound signs and outcomes in @entity6675 were considered suitable for inclusion. Two reviewers independently extracted relevant data regarding study characteristics and pregnancy outcome. All meta-analyses were computed using individual data random-effect logistic regression, with single study as the cluster unit. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies, including 2023 fetuses, were included. We found significant positive associations between IABD and bowel @entity1146 (odds ratio [OR]: 5.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-9.8), @entity2978 and bowel @entity1146 (OR: 3.76, 95% CI 1.7-8.3), and @entity6676 (OR: 5.58, 95% CI 1.3-24.1). No other ultrasound sign was significantly related to any other outcome. CONCLUSIONS: IABD, @entity2978 , and @entity6676 can be used to an extent to identify a subgroup of neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of @entity6675 at higher risk to develop postnatal complications. Data are still inconclusive on the predictive ability of several signs combined, and large prospective studies are needed to improve the quality of prenatal counseling and the neonatal care for this condition.

title: Prenatal Risk Factors and Outcomes in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity6676 :: ('MESH:D013271', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dilatation', 'GD', 'GD and neonatal death']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['Gastroschisis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac-committed cells and biomimetic scaffolds independently improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. In this study we tested the long-term effects of their combination. METHODS: Eighty immune-deficient @entity35 underwent permanent coronary artery ligation. Five to 7 weeks later, those with an echocardiographically measured ejection fraction (EF)  <=55% were re-operated on and randomly allocated to receive a cell-free fibrin patch (n = 25), a fibrin patch loaded with 700,000 @entity1 embryonic stem cells (ESC) pre-treated to promote early cardiac differentiation (SSEA-1(+) progenitors [n = 30]), or to serve as sham-operated animals (n = 25). Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and every month thereafter until 4 months. Hearts were then processed for assessment of @entity82 and angiogenesis and a 5-component @entity712 score was constructed by integrating the absolute change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) between 4 months and baseline, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based expression of @entity51150 , myosin heavy chain 7 and periostin. All data were recorded and analyzed in a blinded manner. RESULTS: The cell-treated group consistently yielded better functional outcomes than the sham-operated group (p = 0.002 for EF; p = 0.01 for LVESV). Angiogenesis in the border zone was also significantly greater in the cell-fibrin group (p = 0.006), which yielded the lowest @entity712 score (p = 0.04 vs sham). Engrafted progenitors were only detected shortly after transplantation; no grafted cells were identified after 4 months. There was no @entity44 identified. CONCLUSIONS: A fibrin scaffold loaded with ESC-derived cardiac progenitors resulted in sustained improvement in contractility and attenuation of remodeling without sustained donor cell engraftment. A paracrine effect, possibly on innate reparative responses, is a possible mechanism for this enduring effect.

title: Long-term functional benefits of XXXX embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors embedded into a fibrin scaffold.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity51150 :: ('4878;4879', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptides A and B']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This is a 10-year retrospective study of @entity1 with an isolated unilateral @entity8924 reconstructed with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft. The following inclusion criteria applied: isolated @entity8924 without involvement of the orbital rim or other @entity2122 , pre-/post-operative ophthalmological/orthoptic follow-up, pre-operative CT. Variables recorded were @entity1 age and gender, aetiology of injury, time to surgery, follow-up period, surgical morbidity, @entity892 pre- and post-operatively (Hess test), eyelid position, visual acuity, and the presence of en-/or exophthalmos (Hertel exophthalmometer). Twenty @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 29 years. The mean follow up period was 26 months. No @entity1 experienced significant donor site morbidity. There were no episodes of @entity281 or graft extrusion. Three @entity1 had @entity892 in extremes of vision post-operatively, but no interference with activities of daily living. One @entity1 had post-operative enophthalmos. Isolated orbital @entity8924 may be safely and predictably reconstructed using autogenous iliac crest bone. The rate of complications in the group of @entity1 studied was low. The value of pre- and post-operative ophthalmology consultation cannot be underestimated, and should be considered the standard of care in all @entity1 with orbitozygomatic @entity174 , in particular those with @entity8924 .

title: Reconstruction of orbital floor XXXX with autogenous iliac crest bone: A retrospective study including maxillofacial and ophthalmology perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative infection']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['blow-out fractures', 'orbital floor fracture']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['blow-out fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity12018 are traditionally treated with fronto-orbital advancement to correct @entity10700 and @entity91 . Alternatively, endoscopic-assisted treatment comprises narrow ostectomy of the fused suture followed by postoperative helmet therapy. Here we compare the preoperative and 1-year postoperative results in open versus endoscopic repairs. METHODS: We reviewed preoperative and 1-year postoperative three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography scans of @entity1 treated for nonsyndromic @entity12018 by either open (n = 15) or endoscopic (n = 13) technique. @entity10700 was assessed by interzygomaticofrontal distance and intercanthal distance. @entity91 was assessed by 2 independent angles: first, an axial-plane two-dimensional angle between zygomaticofrontal suture bilaterally and the @entity7146 (ZFR-G-ZFL); second, an interfrontal angle (IFA) between the most anterior point from a reconstructed midsagittal plane and supraorbital notch bilaterally. Age-matched scans of unaffected @entity1 (n = 28) served as controls for each postoperative scan. RESULTS: @entity1 with open repair (9.5    1.8 months) were older at time of surgery than @entity1 with endoscopic repairs (3.3    0.4 months) (P = 0.004). Male-to-female ratios were equivalent at roughly 7:3 in both groups. Preoperatively, the endoscopic group had worse @entity10700 and ZFR-G-ZFL than the open group (P  <= 0.04). After accounting for preoperative differences, all of the postoperative measurements (ie, interzygomaticofrontal distance, intercanthal distance, ZFR-G-ZFL angle, IFA) of the 2 groups were statistically equivalent (P >=  0.135). @entity91 was significantly improved after repair in both the open (8 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 18 degrees [IFA]) and endoscopic (13 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 16 degrees [IFA]) groups (P < 0.001). Postoperative measures in both groups were equivalent to controls (0.12 < P < 0.89). Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for all measurements. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective series shows that endoscopic and open repairs of @entity12018 are equivalent in improving @entity10700 and @entity91 at 1-year follow-up. Additional studies are necessary to better define minor differences in morphology, which may result from the different techniques.

title: Are Endoscopic and Open Treatments of @entity91 Equivalent in Treating @entity91 and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12018 :: ('MESH:C562951', 'Disease') :: ['metopic craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotelorism', 'hypotelorism']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Trigonocephaly', 'trigonocephaly']

answer: @entity10700 :: (MESH:C563509,Disease) :: ['Hypotelorism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity12018 are traditionally treated with fronto-orbital advancement to correct @entity10700 and @entity91 . Alternatively, endoscopic-assisted treatment comprises narrow ostectomy of the fused suture followed by postoperative helmet therapy. Here we compare the preoperative and 1-year postoperative results in open versus endoscopic repairs. METHODS: We reviewed preoperative and 1-year postoperative three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography scans of @entity1 treated for nonsyndromic @entity12018 by either open (n = 15) or endoscopic (n = 13) technique. @entity10700 was assessed by interzygomaticofrontal distance and intercanthal distance. @entity91 was assessed by 2 independent angles: first, an axial-plane two-dimensional angle between zygomaticofrontal suture bilaterally and the @entity7146 (ZFR-G-ZFL); second, an interfrontal angle (IFA) between the most anterior point from a reconstructed midsagittal plane and supraorbital notch bilaterally. Age-matched scans of unaffected @entity1 (n = 28) served as controls for each postoperative scan. RESULTS: @entity1 with open repair (9.5    1.8 months) were older at time of surgery than @entity1 with endoscopic repairs (3.3    0.4 months) (P = 0.004). Male-to-female ratios were equivalent at roughly 7:3 in both groups. Preoperatively, the endoscopic group had worse @entity10700 and ZFR-G-ZFL than the open group (P  <= 0.04). After accounting for preoperative differences, all of the postoperative measurements (ie, interzygomaticofrontal distance, intercanthal distance, ZFR-G-ZFL angle, IFA) of the 2 groups were statistically equivalent (P >=  0.135). @entity91 was significantly improved after repair in both the open (8 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 18 degrees [IFA]) and endoscopic (13 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 16 degrees [IFA]) groups (P < 0.001). Postoperative measures in both groups were equivalent to controls (0.12 < P < 0.89). Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for all measurements. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective series shows that endoscopic and open repairs of @entity12018 are equivalent in improving @entity10700 and @entity91 at 1-year follow-up. Additional studies are necessary to better define minor differences in morphology, which may result from the different techniques.

title: Are Endoscopic and Open Treatments of XXXX Equivalent in Treating @entity91 and @entity10700 ?

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Metopic Synostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity12018 are traditionally treated with fronto-orbital advancement to correct @entity10700 and @entity91 . Alternatively, endoscopic-assisted treatment comprises narrow ostectomy of the fused suture followed by postoperative helmet therapy. Here we compare the preoperative and 1-year postoperative results in open versus endoscopic repairs. METHODS: We reviewed preoperative and 1-year postoperative three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography scans of @entity1 treated for nonsyndromic @entity12018 by either open (n = 15) or endoscopic (n = 13) technique. @entity10700 was assessed by interzygomaticofrontal distance and intercanthal distance. @entity91 was assessed by 2 independent angles: first, an axial-plane two-dimensional angle between zygomaticofrontal suture bilaterally and the @entity7146 (ZFR-G-ZFL); second, an interfrontal angle (IFA) between the most anterior point from a reconstructed midsagittal plane and supraorbital notch bilaterally. Age-matched scans of unaffected @entity1 (n = 28) served as controls for each postoperative scan. RESULTS: @entity1 with open repair (9.5    1.8 months) were older at time of surgery than @entity1 with endoscopic repairs (3.3    0.4 months) (P = 0.004). Male-to-female ratios were equivalent at roughly 7:3 in both groups. Preoperatively, the endoscopic group had worse @entity10700 and ZFR-G-ZFL than the open group (P  <= 0.04). After accounting for preoperative differences, all of the postoperative measurements (ie, interzygomaticofrontal distance, intercanthal distance, ZFR-G-ZFL angle, IFA) of the 2 groups were statistically equivalent (P >=  0.135). @entity91 was significantly improved after repair in both the open (8 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 18 degrees [IFA]) and endoscopic (13 degrees [ZFR-G-ZFL] and 16 degrees [IFA]) groups (P < 0.001). Postoperative measures in both groups were equivalent to controls (0.12 < P < 0.89). Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for all measurements. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective series shows that endoscopic and open repairs of @entity12018 are equivalent in improving @entity10700 and @entity91 at 1-year follow-up. Additional studies are necessary to better define minor differences in morphology, which may result from the different techniques.

title: Are Endoscopic and Open Treatments of @entity91 Equivalent in Treating XXXX and @entity10700 ?

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['Trigonocephaly']