abstract: The interactions occurring between host and graft leg epidermis at a non-congruent junction were studied in the cockroach, @entity13377 . Graft and host tibia were cut perpendicular to the proximal-distal @entity2270 and two heteropleural combinations were used to reverse separately the two transverse axes of the graft relative to the host. Use of dark and light cuticle colour mutants gave a good indication of the graft or host origin of regenerated structures. Graft/host junctions regenerated segmented structures in various spatial arrangements, always comprising two copies of all structures distal to the level of the junction. It is concluded that the categories--two separate laterals, double lateral, completely and partially autonomous regeneration--reflect two processes. (i) If the graft tarsus is removed, graft and host may not heal together and interact, but form autonomous regenerates lying in mirror-image symmetry separating original graft and host levels. (ii) If interaction occurs between graft and host (or their developing autonomous regenerates) two laterals of dual origin are produced, one from each point of transverse @entity2270 . These laterals may secondarily fuse together to form a double structure originating from a point of congruity. The orientation and composition of the component tarsi of the double structure depend on the site of origin and the extent to which the two laterals fuse. It is argued that the four 'faces' and two 'transverse axes' of the leg are merely descriptive terms. A new model is developed whereby lateral regeneration arises directly from the circumferential organisation of the leg epidermis. Previous work has shown that position is specified continuously around the circumference, and that intercalary regeneration occurs by the shortest route between confronted positions. After reversal of one 'transverse @entity2270 ' the shortest route between confronted graft and host positions is different on the two sides of each of the two points of ' @entity2270 ' incongruity, and at these points the two halves of a complete circumference are formed. These lateral circumferences, like the terminal circumference exposed by amputation, cannot heal over by intercalary regeneration, and this leads to regeneration of distal structures. The model accounts for lateral regeneration after reversal of both 'transverse axes' by 180 degrees rotation of a homopleural graft. The possibility is discussed that there may be clonal restrictions on the circumferential positions which the progeny of a cell may occupy.

title: Leg regeneration in the cockroach, XXXX . II. Regeneration from a non-congruent tibial graft/host junction.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'axis incongruity']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['Blatella germanica']

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['Blatella germanica']


abstract: Distant metastases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity0 . The ability to predict the metastatic proclivity is essential in choosing the optimal treatment. @entity5 size and grade, which are frequently used markers in node-negative @entity0 @entity1 , are inadequate markers for prognosis and individualized treatment design. The steps in metastatic progression include @entity7499 , invasion, and changes in adhesion characteristics. We developed a strategy for choosing biomarkers representing these steps in malignant progression to identify @entity1 with occult metastases who will need chemotherapy and spare those @entity1 whose @entity5 have not developed the capacity to spread. To evaluate the added significance of @entity5962 to that of @entity18962 and @entity7499 in determining metastatic proclivity, we used archival material from 168 node-negative @entity0 @entity1 who were treated with mastectomy without any adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect @entity5962 and @entity18962 expression, whereas @entity7499 was determined by microvessel count (MVC) after immunohistochemical staining. The median follow-up is 14 years. We found that @entity5962 is better in identifying the poor prognosis @entity1 . The 14-year disease-free survival (DFS) is 84%, 80%, and 56% in @entity1 with high, intermediate, and low @entity5962 . The worst prognosis group using @entity18962 and MVC as biomarkers has a 14-year DFS of 62%. In this group, if @entity5962 is low, the 14-year DFS is further decreased to 44%. @entity18962 and MVC are better in identifying the good prognosis @entity1 . The long-term DFS is >90% if MVC is low or if @entity18962 is high. Multivariate analysis shows that @entity5962 , @entity18962 , and MVC are more significant prognostic biomarkers than @entity5 size or grade. Loss of @entity5962 appears to be a latter step in the metastatic progression compared to @entity7499 and the loss of @entity18962 expression.

title: Separating favorable from unfavorable prognostic markers in XXXX : the role of @entity5962 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Distant metastases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity0 . The ability to predict the metastatic proclivity is essential in choosing the optimal treatment. @entity5 size and grade, which are frequently used markers in node-negative @entity0 @entity1 , are inadequate markers for prognosis and individualized treatment design. The steps in metastatic progression include @entity7499 , invasion, and changes in adhesion characteristics. We developed a strategy for choosing biomarkers representing these steps in malignant progression to identify @entity1 with occult metastases who will need chemotherapy and spare those @entity1 whose @entity5 have not developed the capacity to spread. To evaluate the added significance of @entity5962 to that of @entity18962 and @entity7499 in determining metastatic proclivity, we used archival material from 168 node-negative @entity0 @entity1 who were treated with mastectomy without any adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect @entity5962 and @entity18962 expression, whereas @entity7499 was determined by microvessel count (MVC) after immunohistochemical staining. The median follow-up is 14 years. We found that @entity5962 is better in identifying the poor prognosis @entity1 . The 14-year disease-free survival (DFS) is 84%, 80%, and 56% in @entity1 with high, intermediate, and low @entity5962 . The worst prognosis group using @entity18962 and MVC as biomarkers has a 14-year DFS of 62%. In this group, if @entity5962 is low, the 14-year DFS is further decreased to 44%. @entity18962 and MVC are better in identifying the good prognosis @entity1 . The long-term DFS is >90% if MVC is low or if @entity18962 is high. Multivariate analysis shows that @entity5962 , @entity18962 , and MVC are more significant prognostic biomarkers than @entity5 size or grade. Loss of @entity5962 appears to be a latter step in the metastatic progression compared to @entity7499 and the loss of @entity18962 expression.

title: Separating favorable from unfavorable prognostic markers in @entity0 : the role of XXXX .

answer: @entity5962 :: (999,Gene) :: ['E-cadherin']


abstract: Enhanced sensitivity to the chromosome-damaging effects of ionizing radiation is a feature of many @entity5 -predisposing conditions. It has been suggested that @entity1 with @entity0 are deficient in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. We have now investigated whether mutagen sensitivity is related to mutations in the @entity0 gene @entity5345 . We studied the induction and repair of DNA damage in lymphocytes of @entity1 from families with @entity0 and @entity5344 . The mutagens used were gamma-irradiation and @entity273 and the DNA effects were determined with the micronucleus test and the comet assay. @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation (n = 12) and relatives without the familial mutation (n = 10) were compared to controls (i.e., healthy @entity1 without family history of @entity5344 ; n = 17). Our results indicate a close relationship between the presence of a @entity5345 mutation and sensitivity for the induction of micronuclei. Compared to a concurrent control, 10 of 11 @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation showed elevated radiation sensitivity. Of the 10 related @entity1 without the familial mutation, only 2 had clearly enhanced micronucleus frequencies. In addition to the sensitivity toward gamma-irradiation, @entity56 toward @entity273 was also observed, indicating that the mutagen sensitivity is not solely due to a defect in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. In contrast to the results with the micronucleus assay, we found no significant difference between @entity1 with and without a @entity5345 mutation with respect to the induction and repair of DNA damage in the comet assay. This finding suggests a normal rate of damage removal and points to a disturbed fidelity of DNA repair as a direct or indirect consequence of a @entity5345 mutation. Our results support the usefulness of induced micronucleus frequencies as a biomarker for @entity5 predisposition and suggest its application as a screening test for carriers of a @entity5345 mutation in @entity0 families.

title: Induced micronucleus frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes as a screening test for carriers of a XXXX mutation in @entity0 families.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'familial breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: Enhanced sensitivity to the chromosome-damaging effects of ionizing radiation is a feature of many @entity5 -predisposing conditions. It has been suggested that @entity1 with @entity0 are deficient in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. We have now investigated whether mutagen sensitivity is related to mutations in the @entity0 gene @entity5345 . We studied the induction and repair of DNA damage in lymphocytes of @entity1 from families with @entity0 and @entity5344 . The mutagens used were gamma-irradiation and @entity273 and the DNA effects were determined with the micronucleus test and the comet assay. @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation (n = 12) and relatives without the familial mutation (n = 10) were compared to controls (i.e., healthy @entity1 without family history of @entity5344 ; n = 17). Our results indicate a close relationship between the presence of a @entity5345 mutation and sensitivity for the induction of micronuclei. Compared to a concurrent control, 10 of 11 @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation showed elevated radiation sensitivity. Of the 10 related @entity1 without the familial mutation, only 2 had clearly enhanced micronucleus frequencies. In addition to the sensitivity toward gamma-irradiation, @entity56 toward @entity273 was also observed, indicating that the mutagen sensitivity is not solely due to a defect in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. In contrast to the results with the micronucleus assay, we found no significant difference between @entity1 with and without a @entity5345 mutation with respect to the induction and repair of DNA damage in the comet assay. This finding suggests a normal rate of damage removal and points to a disturbed fidelity of DNA repair as a direct or indirect consequence of a @entity5345 mutation. Our results support the usefulness of induced micronucleus frequencies as a biomarker for @entity5 predisposition and suggest its application as a screening test for carriers of a @entity5345 mutation in @entity0 families.

title: Induced micronucleus frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes as a screening test for carriers of a @entity5345 mutation in XXXX families.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In 20 @entity468 anaesthetized with @entity4486 and spinalized at the thoracolumbar junction we investigated the role of stimulation induced accumulation of extracellular @entity972 in the spinal cord in the processing of nociceptive discharges from the knee joint. For that we electrically stimulated the posterior articular nerve of the knee. We further performed innocuous and noxious stimulation of the knee and of other parts of the leg and studied the effect of an acute @entity32 of the knee on [K+]0 in the spinal cord. Innocuous stimulation of the skin (brushing or touching) and innocuous movements in the knee joint all induced rises in [K+]0 which were maximal at recording depths of 1500 to 2200 microns below the surface of the cord dorsum. Peak increases were 0.4 mM for touching the leg and 1.7 mM during rhythmic flexion/extension of the knee joint. Noxious stimulation of the skin, the paw, the tendon and noxious movements of the knee joint also produced rises in [K+]0, which were somewhat larger for the individual types of stimuli than those produced by innocuous intensities. Electrical stimulation of the posterior articular nerve induced rises in [K+]0 by up to 0.6 mM. Stimulus intensities sufficient to activate unmyelinated group IV fibers were only slightly effective in raising [K+]0 above the levels reached during stimulation of myelinated group II and III fibers. During development of an acute @entity32 of the knee joint (induced by @entity4563 and carrageenan), increases in [K+]0 and associated field potentials became larger by about 25%. We assume that this reflects an increase in neuronal responses. In conclusion, changes in [K+]0 in the spinal cord are somewhat larger during noxious stimulation than during innocuous stimulation. The absolute level reached depended more on the site and type of stimulation than on the actual stimulus intensity itself. Hence a critical role of spinal K+ accumulation for nociception is unlikely.

title: Changes in extracellular XXXX concentration in cat spinal cord in response to innocuous and noxious stimulation of legs with healthy and inflamed knee joints.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: As coronary interventional technology improves, the influence of lesion length (LL) on procedural success and device selection may vary. Thus, the authors prospectively analyzed 957 consecutive coronary interventions (CI) in 1,404 stenoses to ascertain the influence of lesion length on CI outcome. @entity850 morphology was prospectively classified by the AHA/ACC criteria. LL was analyzed both as dichotomous (S: < 10 mm, L: > 10 mm) variables and by the three-tiered AHA/ACC criteria (I: < 10 mm, II: 10-20 mm, III: > 20 mm). There was a significant univariate relationship between CI success and S @entity850 (S: 95.8% vs L: 91.8%, p = 0.002 and I: 96.0%, II: 91.7%, III: 89.3%). Numerous interrelationships involving the morphologic characteristics were noted: lesion morphologies associated with S lesions were concentric (p = 0.0001) and had smooth contour (p = 0.0001), ostial location (p = 0.05) and little @entity730 (p = 0.0007), while irregular contour (p=0.0001), @entity730 (p=0.0076), eccentric (p=0.0001), @entity715 (p = 0.0001), recent (p = 0.0001) or chronic (p = 0.001) total occlusion were associated with L lesions. When these relationships were taken into account by multiple logistic regression analysis, lesion length was not predictive of procedural outcome (p = 0.099). One morphologic type was associated with increased CI success: irregular contour (p = 0.022); recent (p < 0.0001) or chronic (< 0.0001) occlusions were associated with decreased CI success. Another factor considered was device selection: S lesions were associated with greater balloon angioplasty usage (p = 0.002), whereas more coronary stents (p = 0.024) and rotoblator (p = 0.018) devices were used in L lesions. More balloon angioplasty was performed in concentric (p < 0.0001) lesions; interventional devices were employed more often in eccentric (p < 0.0001) and irregular lesions (p < 0.0001). More complications were noted in lesions with @entity715 (p = 0.0002), but lesion length was not predictive (p = NS). Lesion length is not a significant predictor of procedural success when adjusted for other lesion morphologies in the modern interventional era. The availability of new devices has improved the results in longer lesions since the AHA/ACC criteria were originally proposed.

title: The relative influence of lesion length and other XXXX morphologies on procedural success of coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and prognosis in @entity0 are mainly based on histology and immunohistochemistry of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) material. Recently, gene expression analysis was shown to elucidate the biological variance between @entity5 and molecular markers were identified that led to new classification systems that provided better prognostic and predictive parameters. Archived FFPE samples represent an ideal source of tissue for translational research, as millions of tissue blocks exist from routine diagnostics and from clinical studies. These should be exploited to provide clinicians with more accurate prognostic and predictive information. Unfortunately, RNA derived from FFPE material is partially degraded and chemically modified and reliable gene expression measurement has only become successful after implementing novel and optimized procedures for RNA isolation, demodification and detection. METHODS: In this study we used tissue cylinders as known from the construction of tissue microarrays. RNA was isolated with a robust protocol recently developed for RNA derived from FFPE material. Gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Sixteen tissue blocks from 7 @entity1 diagnosed with multiple histological subtypes of @entity0 were available for this study. After verification of appropriate localization, sufficient RNA yield and quality, 30 tissue cores were available for gene expression measurement on TaqMan(R) Low Density Arrays (16 @entity513 ( @entity513 ), 8 @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and 6 normal tissue), and 14 tissue cores were lost. Gene expression values were used to calculate scores representing the proliferation status (PRO), the @entity172 receptor status and the @entity1722 status. The PRO scores measured from entire sections were similar to PRO scores determined from @entity513 tissue cores. Scores determined from normal tissue cores consistently revealed lower PRO scores than cores derived from @entity513 or @entity3821 of the same block or from different blocks of the same @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We have developed optimized protocols for RNA isolation from histologically distinct areas. RNA prepared from FFPE tissue cores is suitable for gene expression measurement by quantitative PCR. Distinct molecular scores could be determined from different cores of the same @entity5 specimen.

title: Gene expression variation between distinct areas of @entity0 measured from XXXX -embedded tissue cores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and prognosis in @entity0 are mainly based on histology and immunohistochemistry of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) material. Recently, gene expression analysis was shown to elucidate the biological variance between @entity5 and molecular markers were identified that led to new classification systems that provided better prognostic and predictive parameters. Archived FFPE samples represent an ideal source of tissue for translational research, as millions of tissue blocks exist from routine diagnostics and from clinical studies. These should be exploited to provide clinicians with more accurate prognostic and predictive information. Unfortunately, RNA derived from FFPE material is partially degraded and chemically modified and reliable gene expression measurement has only become successful after implementing novel and optimized procedures for RNA isolation, demodification and detection. METHODS: In this study we used tissue cylinders as known from the construction of tissue microarrays. RNA was isolated with a robust protocol recently developed for RNA derived from FFPE material. Gene expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: Sixteen tissue blocks from 7 @entity1 diagnosed with multiple histological subtypes of @entity0 were available for this study. After verification of appropriate localization, sufficient RNA yield and quality, 30 tissue cores were available for gene expression measurement on TaqMan(R) Low Density Arrays (16 @entity513 ( @entity513 ), 8 @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and 6 normal tissue), and 14 tissue cores were lost. Gene expression values were used to calculate scores representing the proliferation status (PRO), the @entity172 receptor status and the @entity1722 status. The PRO scores measured from entire sections were similar to PRO scores determined from @entity513 tissue cores. Scores determined from normal tissue cores consistently revealed lower PRO scores than cores derived from @entity513 or @entity3821 of the same block or from different blocks of the same @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We have developed optimized protocols for RNA isolation from histologically distinct areas. RNA prepared from FFPE tissue cores is suitable for gene expression measurement by quantitative PCR. Distinct molecular scores could be determined from different cores of the same @entity5 specimen.

title: Gene expression variation between distinct areas of XXXX measured from @entity982 -embedded tissue cores.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the CT and MR characteristics of @entity5 , rare epithelial neoplasms of the ovary. METHOD: CT and MR scans of eight pathologically proven @entity5 of the ovary (seven benign, one malignant, and one associated with @entity8940 ) were retrospectively reviewed. The masses were analyzed for location, size, external configuration, internal architecture, enhancement pattern, presence of @entity730 , and metastatic spread. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' median age was 63 years (range 39-79 years), and the mean size of the @entity5 was 11.4 cm (7.5-17 cm). All @entity5 were unilateral and had a well-defined margin. The mass was mostly solid in three, mostly cystic in one, and "mixed" solid and cystic in four cases. The @entity5 with cystic components (n = 5) were mostly multilocular in appearance (n = 4). All the solid components showed mild homogeneous enhancement on postcontrast CT and MRI. Extensive amorphous @entity730 within the solid component on CT was seen in five of six cases (83%). No characteristic findings discriminating @entity10968 could be found. CONCLUSION: Extensive amorphous @entity730 in a solid mass or solid component in a multilocular cystic mass is a characteristic finding of @entity10968 and MRI.

title: XXXX : CT and MR findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Brenner tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10968 :: ('MESH:D001948', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy from benign Brenner tumor', 'Brenner tumor of the ovary on CT']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

answer: @entity10968 :: (MESH:D001948,Disease) :: ['Brenner tumor of the ovary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity328 has compromised the effectiveness of therapy for @entity66 and asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers play an important role in transmission of resistant strains. METHOD: Eighty-eight volunteer students attending 2 secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria were involved in this study to determine the antimicrobial resistant profile of @entity328 isolated from the nasopharynx. The study population consisted of males and females between the ages of 15-25 years. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed for the presence of @entity2260 using standard bacteriological methods. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion method. RESULTS: @entity2260 was isolated from 37 (42.04%) of the 88 samples. Isolates showed the highest resistance of 12 (32.43%) to @entity2929 and lowest resistance of 4 (10.81%) to @entity2177 . The resistance profiles for the 26 (70.27%) @entity114 -sensitive and 11 (29.72%) @entity114 -resistant isolates were similar. Both exhibited varying degrees of resistance to several groups of antimicrobials. However, isolates found to be resistant to @entity114 showed a higher degree of resistance to other antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that some secondary school students are carriers of multiple antibiotic-resistant @entity2260 .

title: Antimicrobial resistant profile of XXXX isolated from the nasopharynx of secondary school students in Jos, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal diseases']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity1 's @entity625 self-efficacy, trait- @entity148 , @entity308 , clinical state of the disease ( @entity158 , disability, number of somatic complaints and @entity2720 ) and age of the @entity1 . METHODS: Trait @entity148 and @entity308 of JIA @entity1 were measured by standardized scales (STAIC and @entity6659 ). For assessing self-efficacy CASE-scale was used. @entity158 , CHAQ and active joint count were used as indicators of the disease severity. The K-means cluster procedure was used to classify 145 consecutively recruited @entity1 aged 8 to 15, regarding age, trait- @entity148 and @entity308 . One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by separate ANOVA's was used for comparisons between the cluster groups. Associations between the cluster groups and the @entity1 's self-efficacy were then evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS: Four cluster groups were identified based on the degree of @entity308 and trait- @entity148 . Clinical disease-related parameters differed significantly in the cluster groups. @entity158 was not necessarily related to the severity of the disease or to the diagnosis ( @entity4932 , oligoextended and @entity625 ). A higher level of self-efficacy was related to lower levels of @entity308 , trait @entity148 and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: In JIA, the clinical classification of disease activity and severity did not directly correspond with @entity308 and trait- @entity148 in @entity1 with JIA. Instead, these were regulated by a self-efficacy, which was associated with less @entity158 and somatic complaints.

title: Empirical classification of @entity1 with JIA: a multidimensional approach to XXXX and well-being.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['active joints']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity1 's @entity625 self-efficacy, trait- @entity148 , @entity308 , clinical state of the disease ( @entity158 , disability, number of somatic complaints and @entity2720 ) and age of the @entity1 . METHODS: Trait @entity148 and @entity308 of JIA @entity1 were measured by standardized scales (STAIC and @entity6659 ). For assessing self-efficacy CASE-scale was used. @entity158 , CHAQ and active joint count were used as indicators of the disease severity. The K-means cluster procedure was used to classify 145 consecutively recruited @entity1 aged 8 to 15, regarding age, trait- @entity148 and @entity308 . One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by separate ANOVA's was used for comparisons between the cluster groups. Associations between the cluster groups and the @entity1 's self-efficacy were then evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS: Four cluster groups were identified based on the degree of @entity308 and trait- @entity148 . Clinical disease-related parameters differed significantly in the cluster groups. @entity158 was not necessarily related to the severity of the disease or to the diagnosis ( @entity4932 , oligoextended and @entity625 ). A higher level of self-efficacy was related to lower levels of @entity308 , trait @entity148 and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: In JIA, the clinical classification of disease activity and severity did not directly correspond with @entity308 and trait- @entity148 in @entity1 with JIA. Instead, these were regulated by a self-efficacy, which was associated with less @entity158 and somatic complaints.

title: Empirical classification of XXXX with JIA: a multidimensional approach to @entity158 and well-being.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It has been suggested that measurement of red blood cell (RBC) volume, by red cell analyzers (RCA), may be used to distinguish glomerular from non-glomerular @entity811 . The RCA measures all urinary particles, including RBC. We found that red cell volume distribution curves (RVDC) obtained with a Coulter S+IV RCA were non-specific in predicting the cause of @entity811 . Normal RBC added to urine at about 15,000/mm3 produced the expected non-glomerular RCVDC but at decreasing RBC concentrations mixed and then glomerular RCVDCs were found. Urine from 7 normal subjects (6 without urinary RBC) showed particle volume distribution curves identical to glomerular RCVDC. These urinary particles were examined by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) after filtration (3 microns and 0.8 micron pore size). Hematuric urine from a @entity1 after prostatectomy contained RBC (3.5-9.5 microns diameter) and particulate debris (1.0-7.5 microns diameter). Similar results were obtained for a @entity1 with crescentic @entity631 (particles 1-13 microns diameter). Attempts to separate glomerular urinary RBC from debris by centrifugation against a @entity969 polymer were unsuccessful. The shape of the RCVDC obtained with RCA is altered by the presence of debris in urine. The true MCV of glomerular RBC is still unknown. The usefulness of RCA in the diagnosis of @entity811 is limited to @entity1 with large numbers of urinary RBC.

title: Red cell volume distribution curves in the diagnosis of glomerular and non-glomerular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: We studied 77 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2883 and pulmonary manifestations, to characterize the nature and frequency of the clinical, imaging and endoscopic features of this condition. Pulmonary symptoms were cough, mild @entity1353 , hemoptysis and @entity662 . Five @entity1 had no pulmonary symptoms. Imaging features consisted of nodules, infiltrates and @entity231 . A CT scan proved useful by disclosing cavities in @entity231 or @entity231 which were not seen on an x-ray film. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 74 @entity1 , and it was macroscopically abnormal in 55 percent (showing @entity32 or @entity850 or both or @entity548 ). Six @entity1 presented with @entity548 . Four @entity1 had a pleural exudate rich in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The @entity2883 was limited to the lung in seven @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 died because of active disease or iatrogenic complications (two). An improved knowledge of clinical and imaging features of @entity2883 could help the clinician reach an earlier diagnosis.

title: XXXX . A clinical and imaging study of 77 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities', 'pleural opacities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhagic syndrome', 'isolated hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: Over a period of seven years, 474 @entity1 with @entity791 ( @entity791 ) or @entity791 were admitted on 782 occasions to the St. Francis Medical Center, Trenton, New Jersey. Abdominal surgery was performed on 16 (3.4 percent) @entity1 , 14 (88 percent) of whom were heterosexual intravenous drug users. Anorectal surgery was performed on 20 (4.2 percent), 14 (70 percent) of whom were intravenous drug users. Intravenous drug users undergoing abdominal surgery had the same types of surgical abdominal conditions that occur in the general population. None required surgery for complications secondary to cytomegalovirus, @entity706 , or visceral @entity2826 . The postoperative morbidity rate was 72 percent. The postoperative mortality rate (30 day) was 0 percent. No intravenous drug users who underwent anorectal surgery had associated @entity5 or @entity166 . Five of six homosexual @entity1 had either an @entity5 or an associated @entity166 . Anorectal wounds did not heal within one month in one third of the intravenous drug users. The rate of wound healing was inversely related to the white blood cell count. One third of the intravenous drug users undergoing anorectal surgery were dead within six months.

title: Abdominal and anorectal surgery and the XXXX in heterosexual intravenous drug users.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['visceral lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malignancies', 'anorectal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['AIDS-related complex', 'AIDS', 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'anorectal infectious disease']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['acquired immune deficiency syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated response rates to and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory diffuse large @entity1892 or @entity1073 (DLBCL) were eligible for enrollment in this study. Treatment consisted of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, @entity1260 2,000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1, @entity619 40 mg orally on Days 1-4, and @entity901 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 2, every 21 days. The primary goal of treatment was to establish a response rate after three cycles. Afterwards, @entity1 could proceed to high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response. The median age of the @entity1 was 54 years (range, 18-75 years), and most had DLBCL. After three cycles, there were four CR (15%) and 10 PR (37%) for an overall response rate (RR) of 52%. Among a total of 88 GIDOX cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 33% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Likewise, grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 14% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Two @entity1 (2%) experienced @entity1398 , while seven @entity1 (26%) proceeded to HDC-ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: GIDOX is an active salvage regimen for aggressive B-cell @entity1893 and can be tolerated by @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Salvage therapy with @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and XXXX (GIDOX) for @entity1892 : a consortium for improving survival of lymphoma (CISL) trial.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated response rates to and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory diffuse large @entity1892 or @entity1073 (DLBCL) were eligible for enrollment in this study. Treatment consisted of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, @entity1260 2,000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1, @entity619 40 mg orally on Days 1-4, and @entity901 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 2, every 21 days. The primary goal of treatment was to establish a response rate after three cycles. Afterwards, @entity1 could proceed to high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response. The median age of the @entity1 was 54 years (range, 18-75 years), and most had DLBCL. After three cycles, there were four CR (15%) and 10 PR (37%) for an overall response rate (RR) of 52%. Among a total of 88 GIDOX cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 33% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Likewise, grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 14% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Two @entity1 (2%) experienced @entity1398 , while seven @entity1 (26%) proceeded to HDC-ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: GIDOX is an active salvage regimen for aggressive B-cell @entity1893 and can be tolerated by @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Salvage therapy with @entity136 , XXXX , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for @entity1892 : a consortium for improving survival of lymphoma (CISL) trial.

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated response rates to and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory diffuse large @entity1892 or @entity1073 (DLBCL) were eligible for enrollment in this study. Treatment consisted of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, @entity1260 2,000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1, @entity619 40 mg orally on Days 1-4, and @entity901 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 2, every 21 days. The primary goal of treatment was to establish a response rate after three cycles. Afterwards, @entity1 could proceed to high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response. The median age of the @entity1 was 54 years (range, 18-75 years), and most had DLBCL. After three cycles, there were four CR (15%) and 10 PR (37%) for an overall response rate (RR) of 52%. Among a total of 88 GIDOX cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 33% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Likewise, grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 14% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Two @entity1 (2%) experienced @entity1398 , while seven @entity1 (26%) proceeded to HDC-ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: GIDOX is an active salvage regimen for aggressive B-cell @entity1893 and can be tolerated by @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Salvage therapy with @entity136 , @entity1260 , XXXX , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for @entity1892 : a consortium for improving survival of lymphoma (CISL) trial.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated response rates to and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory diffuse large @entity1892 or @entity1073 (DLBCL) were eligible for enrollment in this study. Treatment consisted of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, @entity1260 2,000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1, @entity619 40 mg orally on Days 1-4, and @entity901 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 2, every 21 days. The primary goal of treatment was to establish a response rate after three cycles. Afterwards, @entity1 could proceed to high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response. The median age of the @entity1 was 54 years (range, 18-75 years), and most had DLBCL. After three cycles, there were four CR (15%) and 10 PR (37%) for an overall response rate (RR) of 52%. Among a total of 88 GIDOX cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 33% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Likewise, grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 14% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Two @entity1 (2%) experienced @entity1398 , while seven @entity1 (26%) proceeded to HDC-ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: GIDOX is an active salvage regimen for aggressive B-cell @entity1893 and can be tolerated by @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Salvage therapy with @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for XXXX : a consortium for improving survival of lymphoma (CISL) trial.

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated response rates to and @entity137 of @entity136 , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or refractory diffuse large @entity1892 or @entity1073 (DLBCL) were eligible for enrollment in this study. Treatment consisted of @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8, @entity1260 2,000 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1, @entity619 40 mg orally on Days 1-4, and @entity901 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 2, every 21 days. The primary goal of treatment was to establish a response rate after three cycles. Afterwards, @entity1 could proceed to high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC-ASCT) or receive up to six treatment cycles. RESULTS: Twenty-seven eligible @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 and response. The median age of the @entity1 was 54 years (range, 18-75 years), and most had DLBCL. After three cycles, there were four CR (15%) and 10 PR (37%) for an overall response rate (RR) of 52%. Among a total of 88 GIDOX cycles, grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 occurred in 33% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Likewise, grade 3 and 4 @entity882 occurred in 14% and 16% of the cycles, respectively. Two @entity1 (2%) experienced @entity1398 , while seven @entity1 (26%) proceeded to HDC-ASCT. CONCLUSIONS: GIDOX is an active salvage regimen for aggressive B-cell @entity1893 and can be tolerated by @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: Salvage therapy with XXXX , @entity1260 , @entity619 , and @entity901 (GIDOX) for @entity1892 : a consortium for improving survival of lymphoma (CISL) trial.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Recurrent @entity2895 after thyroidectomy can be unrecognized without routine laryngoscopy, and @entity1 have a good potential for recovery during follow-up. DESIGN: A prospective evaluation of vocal cord function before and after thyroidectomy. Periodic vocal cord assessment was performed until recovery of cord function. Persistent @entity3746 for longer than 12 months after the operation was regarded as permanent. SETTING: A university hospital with about 150 thyroid operations performed by 1 surgical team per year. @entity1 : From January 1, 1995, to April 30, 1998, 500 consecutive @entity1 (84 males and 416 females) with documented normal cord function at the ipsilateral side of the thyroidectomy were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vocal @entity912 after thyroidectomy. RESULTS: There were 213 unilateral and 287 bilateral procedures, with 787 nerves at risk of injury. Thirty-three @entity1 (6.6%) developed postoperative unilateral @entity912 , and 5 (1.0%) had recognizable @entity16 during the operations. Complete recovery of vocal cord function was documented in 26 (93%) of 28 @entity1 . The incidence of temporary and permanent @entity3746 was 5.2% and 1.4% (3.3% and 0.9% of nerves at risk), respectively. Among factors analyzed, surgery for malignant @entity5 and recurrent @entity13209 was associated with an increased risk of @entity129 . Primary operations for benign @entity5651 were associated with a 5.3% and 0.3% incidence (3.4% and 0.2% of nerves at risk) of transient and @entity129 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Unrecognized recurrent @entity3746 occurred after thyroidectomy. Thyroid surgery for @entity5 and recurrent @entity13209 was associated with an increased risk of permanent recurrent @entity16 . Postoperative vocal @entity602 recovered in most @entity1 without @entity16 .

title: A prospective evaluation of recurrent XXXX during thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['permanent nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['substernal goiter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage', 'documented nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['cord palsy', 'laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']


abstract: One thousand, four hundred and forty-six @entity1 with @entity0 treated with Halsted mastectomy (167), Patey mastectomy (732), and conservative surgery with axillary dissection, either at the same time (340), or separately (207), were evaluated with regard to the number and distribution of axillary lymph nodes. A total of 29,378 were removed and examined, on average 20.3 per @entity1 . The average number of nodes was 13.5 at the first level, 4.5 at the second and 2.3 at the third. The same number of nodes were removed in @entity1 treated with extensive surgery, such as Halsted mastectomy and limited surgery such as lumpectomy and in independent axillary dissection. In 839 cases @entity3 were found in the axilla. The average number of involved nodes was 6.4. Out of 839 @entity1 , the first level was the site of @entity3 in 828, the second level in 364 and the third in 187. When a single lymph node was involved, it was nearly always at the first level. In only 11 cases, were the second and/or third levels invaded without @entity3 at the first level. Therefore, the percentage of cases with skipping @entity3 was very low (1.3%). It appears from the present data that the spread of @entity0 follows a regular pattern; the first level is invaded first, whilst in most cases, the second and third levels are involved only when the first is substantially affected.

title: Extent of metastatic axillary involvement in 1446 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer to the axilla']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Peritonitis is a well-known indication for surgery, but its preoperative cause usually is not established. We hypothesize that abdominal ultrasonography is superior to the clinical impression of the surgeon in detecting the cause of @entity298 . DESIGN: A prospective case series. SETTING: A major university hospital in Taiwan, Republic of China. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred two @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity298 admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, were included in this study. All 102 @entity1 underwent an abdominal ultrasonographic examination; and the ultrasonographic findings of these @entity1 were classified into 2 categories: positive findings and normal screening results. The accuracy of clinical impression in detecting the cause of @entity298 was compared with the accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography. RESULTS: Ultrasonography and clinical impression accurately diagnosed the @entity298 in 85 (83.3%) and 52 (51.0%) of the @entity1 , respectively. The difference between ultrasonography and clinical impression in the diagnosis of @entity298 was significant (P<.001). Among 45 @entity1 without a preoperative clinical diagnosis, a diagnosis was made by ultrasonography for 32 (71%) of them. There were a total of 98 @entity1 with positive ultrasonographic findings, and 4 @entity1 had normal screening results. Of the 98 @entity1 with positive ultrasonographic findings undergoing surgery, all had abdominal pathological characteristics. The 4 @entity1 with normal screening results received nonoperative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is a more sensitive technique than clinical judgment in diagnosing @entity298 . Ultrasonography may be a useful diagnosing modality in @entity1 with @entity298 in whom the clinical cause is unclear.

title: Accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of XXXX compared with the clinical impression of the surgeon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is associated with increased generation of free @entity26 radicals and depleted scavenging potential (oxidative stress), leading to increased LDL oxidation and platelet hyperreactivity, the major components of @entity455 . A main goal of antioxidant therapy is to protect the LDL particle from atherogenic oxidation and to reduce the activated cellular hemostasis. METHODS: We evaluated the influence of a high dose supplementation with 800 IU of the natural antioxidant @entity22891 ( @entity270 ) per day for six months on serum levels, @entity270 load of LDL particles (HPLC), lag phase of LDL oxidation (Esterbauer's assay), platelet adhesion molecules, @entity1423 (flow cytometry, D-III protocol) and coagulation (INR/PTT) in a group of 36 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (f/m 22/14; age 58+/-8.0; @entity4051 at baseline 10.25+/-1.7). RESULTS: Average @entity270 levels increased 2.65-fold accompanied by a 1.83-fold increase of LDL-associated @entity270 and a 12.3 min prolongation of the lag-phase of LDL oxidation (p<0.001 for all parameters at six months). Platelet expression of @entity2279 ( @entity2279 ) (-30.2% positive cells, p<0.001; antigen density -25%, p<0.001), @entity10985 ( @entity10985 ) (-2.9% positive cells, p<0.01; antigen density -10.6%, p<0.001) and fibrinogen (-1.6% positive cells, p<0.001; antigen density - 16.1 %, p<0.001) decreased. Concomitantly, platelet-leukocyte-coaggregation increased by 44% (p<0.001), correlating to an INR reduction of 10.4% (1.06+/-0.09 to 0.95+/-0.09, p<0.001, r = - 0.34). The PTT remained constant. CONCLUSION: The antioxidant protection from the increased @entity270 was accompanied by a decreased expression of constitutive and function-dependent platelet adhesion molecules. However, @entity1423 and a shortened INR time suggest extrinsic coagulation activation, possibly by induction of a leukocyte tissue factor dependent mechanism. High dose supplements of @entity1881 may override the available redox balance in well controlled @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, intrinsic effects of @entity1881 must be discussed.

title: High dose supplementation of @entity22891 decreases cellular hemostasis but accelerates plasmatic coagulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte-platelet coaggregation', 'increases in platelet-leukocyte coaggregates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity22891 :: ('CHEBI:18145', 'Chemical') :: ['RRR-alpha-tocopherol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is associated with increased generation of free @entity26 radicals and depleted scavenging potential (oxidative stress), leading to increased LDL oxidation and platelet hyperreactivity, the major components of @entity455 . A main goal of antioxidant therapy is to protect the LDL particle from atherogenic oxidation and to reduce the activated cellular hemostasis. METHODS: We evaluated the influence of a high dose supplementation with 800 IU of the natural antioxidant @entity22891 ( @entity270 ) per day for six months on serum levels, @entity270 load of LDL particles (HPLC), lag phase of LDL oxidation (Esterbauer's assay), platelet adhesion molecules, @entity1423 (flow cytometry, D-III protocol) and coagulation (INR/PTT) in a group of 36 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (f/m 22/14; age 58+/-8.0; @entity4051 at baseline 10.25+/-1.7). RESULTS: Average @entity270 levels increased 2.65-fold accompanied by a 1.83-fold increase of LDL-associated @entity270 and a 12.3 min prolongation of the lag-phase of LDL oxidation (p<0.001 for all parameters at six months). Platelet expression of @entity2279 ( @entity2279 ) (-30.2% positive cells, p<0.001; antigen density -25%, p<0.001), @entity10985 ( @entity10985 ) (-2.9% positive cells, p<0.01; antigen density -10.6%, p<0.001) and fibrinogen (-1.6% positive cells, p<0.001; antigen density - 16.1 %, p<0.001) decreased. Concomitantly, platelet-leukocyte-coaggregation increased by 44% (p<0.001), correlating to an INR reduction of 10.4% (1.06+/-0.09 to 0.95+/-0.09, p<0.001, r = - 0.34). The PTT remained constant. CONCLUSION: The antioxidant protection from the increased @entity270 was accompanied by a decreased expression of constitutive and function-dependent platelet adhesion molecules. However, @entity1423 and a shortened INR time suggest extrinsic coagulation activation, possibly by induction of a leukocyte tissue factor dependent mechanism. High dose supplements of @entity1881 may override the available redox balance in well controlled @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, intrinsic effects of @entity1881 must be discussed.

title: High dose supplementation of XXXX decreases cellular hemostasis but accelerates plasmatic coagulation in @entity6 .

answer: @entity22891 :: (CHEBI:18145,Chemical) :: ['RRR-alpha-tocopherol']


abstract: The beneficial role of intertrochanteric varus or valgus osteotomy in the treatment of hip @entity571 has been recognised since the 1920s. Even today, it has an important role to delay the need for hip replacement in younger @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of intertrochanteric varus osteotomy for @entity570 . Between 1980 and 1995, 52 hips with @entity571 underwent an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy. All @entity1 could be followed up after 17.8  years. Radiographic assessment included centre-edge (CE) angle of Wiberg and collodiaphyseal (CCD) angle. @entity572 was classified according to Crowe. @entity571 was graded according to T  nnis. @entity571 was Tonnis grade 1 in 19 hips, grade 2 in 28 and grade 3 in five. Complications were also documented. Clinical evaluation included score according to Merle d'Aubign  , Harris Hip Score and range of motion. Six of 52 @entity1 underwent total hip replacement (THR) within five  years after intertrochanteric osteotomy. In these cases, preoperative @entity571 was grade 3 in four cases and grade 2 in one case according to T  nnis. Twenty-five of 52 @entity1 underwent THR after an interval of five to ten years after intertrochanteric osteotomy. In these cases, preoperative @entity571 was grade 3 in one case and grade 2 in 24 cases according to T  nnis. Sixteen of 52 @entity1 underwent THR after an interval of ten to 15  years after intertrochanteric osteotomy. In these cases, preoperative @entity571 was grade 2 in four cases and grade 1 in 12 cases according to T  nnis. In five @entity1 the hip was functioning well after a period longer than 15  years. In all these cases @entity571 was grade 1 according to T  nnis. In 40.4% of @entity1 , THR was delayed longer than ten  years. The osteotomy performed well at a mean time of 9.7  years after the procedure (range 3-21). Intertrochanteric varus osteotomy for @entity570 should be considered in early or mild osteoarthritic changes of the hip. Good prognosis with delay of THR of more than ten  years can be expected to exceed 40%, even when indications are less than optimum.

title: Long-term results of intertrochanteric varus osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplastic hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'Preoperative osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthrosis', 'osteoarthritis', 'dysplastic osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic osteoarthritis of the hip']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['dysplastic osteoarthritis of the hip']


abstract: Factors affecting colectomy rate were studied in a retrospective population based series of 1586 @entity1 with @entity31 , in Stockholm County during 1955-84. Five hundred and sixty eight @entity1 (36%) had @entity1960 at diagnosis, 603 @entity1 (38%) @entity1960 , and 397 @entity1 (25%) @entity4272 . During a median period of observation of 13 years 514 @entity1 were treated by colectomy. The five, 10, and 25 year cumulative colectomy rate were 20% ( @entity22169 -22%), 28% (CI 26-30%), and 45% (CI 41-49%) respectively. The main factor affecting the colectomy rate was the extent of disease at diagnosis. @entity1 with @entity1960 showed a five, 10, and 25 year cumulative colectomy rate of 32% (CI 28-36%), 42% (CI 38-46%), and 65% (CI 58-72%) respectively. Ten per cent of the 1586 @entity1 had a colectomy during the first year after diagnosis, 4% during the second year and 1% during subsequent years. The age at diagnosis and sex did not affect the cumulative colectomy rate. Elective colectomy was performed in 322 cases (63%) and acute colectomy in 192. The duration of disease before colectomy fell during the study period due to a more standardised criteria for colectomy in severe attacks. One hundred and twenty nine (66%) of the acute colectomies were performed within two years from diagnosis.

title: Factors affecting colectomy rate in XXXX : an epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['left sided colitis', 'total colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity16451 is a @entity7545 of @entity291 worldwide. The Virginia isolate of A. marginale was propagated previously in a cell line derived from embryos of the tick, @entity3966 . The cultured Anaplasma (VA-tc) was passaged continuously for over 4 years and retained its infectivity for cattle and antigenic stability. We report herein the continuous in vitro cultivation of a second isolate of A. marginale derived from a naturally infected @entity291 in Oklahoma (OK-tc). Blood from the infected @entity291 was subinoculated into a splenectomized @entity291 and blood collected at peak @entity5895 was frozen, thawed and used as inoculum on confluent tick cell monolayers. Colonies of Anaplasma were apparent in low numbers at 9 days post exposure (PE) and @entity281 in monolayers reached 100% by 4-5 weeks PE. Cultures were passaged by placing supernatant onto fresh tick cell monolayers at a dilution of 1:5 or 1:10. By the third passage development of the OK-tc was similar to that of the VA-tc and a 1:5 dilution resulted in 100% @entity281 in 10-12 days. Inoculation of OK-tc into a splenectomized @entity291 caused clinical @entity9187 and Dermacentor ticks that fed on this @entity291 transmitted the organism to a second susceptible @entity291 . Major surface proteins (MSPs) 1-5 of the OK-tc were compared with homologous proteins present on VA-tc and the erythrocytic stage of the Oklahoma isolate. The MSPs 1, 2, 4, 5 were conserved on the OK-tc but there was evidence for structural variation in MSP3 between the cultured and erythrocytic stage of Anaplasma. MSP2 and MSP3 were the major proteins recognized by serum from infected @entity291 . Two-dimensional gels also identified positional differences between @entity73092 in MSP2 and MSP3. The OK-tc may have potential to be used as antigen for development of an improved vaccine for @entity9187 in the South Central United States.

title: Establishment and characterization of an Oklahoma isolate of XXXX in cultured @entity3966 cells.

entities_list: @entity9187 :: ('MESH:D000712', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

entities_list: @entity7545 :: ('MESH:D017282', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne hemoparasite']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: @entity16451 is a @entity7545 of @entity291 worldwide. The Virginia isolate of A. marginale was propagated previously in a cell line derived from embryos of the tick, @entity3966 . The cultured Anaplasma (VA-tc) was passaged continuously for over 4 years and retained its infectivity for cattle and antigenic stability. We report herein the continuous in vitro cultivation of a second isolate of A. marginale derived from a naturally infected @entity291 in Oklahoma (OK-tc). Blood from the infected @entity291 was subinoculated into a splenectomized @entity291 and blood collected at peak @entity5895 was frozen, thawed and used as inoculum on confluent tick cell monolayers. Colonies of Anaplasma were apparent in low numbers at 9 days post exposure (PE) and @entity281 in monolayers reached 100% by 4-5 weeks PE. Cultures were passaged by placing supernatant onto fresh tick cell monolayers at a dilution of 1:5 or 1:10. By the third passage development of the OK-tc was similar to that of the VA-tc and a 1:5 dilution resulted in 100% @entity281 in 10-12 days. Inoculation of OK-tc into a splenectomized @entity291 caused clinical @entity9187 and Dermacentor ticks that fed on this @entity291 transmitted the organism to a second susceptible @entity291 . Major surface proteins (MSPs) 1-5 of the OK-tc were compared with homologous proteins present on VA-tc and the erythrocytic stage of the Oklahoma isolate. The MSPs 1, 2, 4, 5 were conserved on the OK-tc but there was evidence for structural variation in MSP3 between the cultured and erythrocytic stage of Anaplasma. MSP2 and MSP3 were the major proteins recognized by serum from infected @entity291 . Two-dimensional gels also identified positional differences between @entity73092 in MSP2 and MSP3. The OK-tc may have potential to be used as antigen for development of an improved vaccine for @entity9187 in the South Central United States.

title: Establishment and characterization of an Oklahoma isolate of @entity16451 in cultured XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Ixodes scapularis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Necrotizing @entity9156 involving the upper extremities is an uncommon, but potentially life-threatening @entity281 . Surgical records were reviewed to identify its mortality risk factors. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective review was conducted of all @entity1 with @entity3140 treated in a tertiary care hospital in northern Taiwan. The demographic data, physical and laboratory findings and salient information with respect to the treatment and clinical outcome were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were identified. The mean age of the all-male cohort was 60.2 years (range, 44-83 years). Five of the @entity1 died, yielding a mortality rate of 35.7%. At the time of presentation, all 14 @entity1 had @entity158 and swelling, but @entity221 occurred in only 7 @entity1 . Associated chronic debilitating diseases, of which @entity6 was the most common, were present in 9 individuals. @entity1 underwent an average of two surgical debridements. The initial presentation in a state of altered @entity1662 or respiratory distress was found to be a statistically significant factors for eventual mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results showed that necrotizing @entity9156 of the upper extremity is associated with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and referral for aggressive surgical treatment before the development of @entity137 signs are therefore considered to be essential for survival.

title: Factors affecting the mortality of necrotizing XXXX involving the upper extremities.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['systemic toxic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity9156 :: (MESH:D005208,Disease) :: ['fasciitis']


abstract: @entity5527 is a rare, @entity74 in the central nerve system and in the colorectal system. This report describes a Turcot @entity1 with an extraordinary clinical history. The @entity1 is still alive at the age of 43. She was operated at the age of 10 by @entity1313 and at the age of 16 by @entity14 . She has since then been treated for multiple @entity5 ( @entity1491 ), and removal of @entity6523 at several occasions. The aim of this work was to investigate if there was any specific genotype that explains her remarkable clinical history. @entity124 and immunohistochemistry analysis for four DNA mismatch repair proteins were performed. DNA mutation analysis was done for genes involved in @entity1412 and mismatch repair by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and sequencing. cDNA analysis was carried out for the mismatch repair gene @entity14437 . The @entity1 genotype was found to be a homozygous splice site mutation in the @entity14437 gene, @entity73093 , which resulted in two abnormal transcripts, not one as expected. The @entity1 's long time survival may in part be explained by meticulous follow up by health care professionals. The other importing factor is probably the nature of here genotype. cDNA analysis showed that the homozygous mutation led to two abnormal transcripts, of which one is perhaps less detrimental. Thus cDNA analysis is of prime importance for the full evaluation of the effect of putative splicing mutations.

title: A homozygote splice site XXXX mutation as cause of @entity5527 gives rise to two different abnormal transcripts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['Turcot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease predisposing of tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, endometrial, basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity14437 :: (5395,Gene) :: ['PMS2']


abstract: @entity5527 is a rare, @entity74 in the central nerve system and in the colorectal system. This report describes a Turcot @entity1 with an extraordinary clinical history. The @entity1 is still alive at the age of 43. She was operated at the age of 10 by @entity1313 and at the age of 16 by @entity14 . She has since then been treated for multiple @entity5 ( @entity1491 ), and removal of @entity6523 at several occasions. The aim of this work was to investigate if there was any specific genotype that explains her remarkable clinical history. @entity124 and immunohistochemistry analysis for four DNA mismatch repair proteins were performed. DNA mutation analysis was done for genes involved in @entity1412 and mismatch repair by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and sequencing. cDNA analysis was carried out for the mismatch repair gene @entity14437 . The @entity1 genotype was found to be a homozygous splice site mutation in the @entity14437 gene, @entity73093 , which resulted in two abnormal transcripts, not one as expected. The @entity1 's long time survival may in part be explained by meticulous follow up by health care professionals. The other importing factor is probably the nature of here genotype. cDNA analysis showed that the homozygous mutation led to two abnormal transcripts, of which one is perhaps less detrimental. Thus cDNA analysis is of prime importance for the full evaluation of the effect of putative splicing mutations.

title: A homozygote splice site @entity14437 mutation as cause of XXXX gives rise to two different abnormal transcripts.

answer: @entity5527 :: (MESH:C536928,Disease) :: ['Turcot syndrome']


abstract: @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity53 -17beta were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) in the gonads of the clam Ruditapes decussatus. The reproductive cycle was also investigated. Our study covered a period of one year, from September 2003 to August 2004. The chosen site "Kerkennah", located out of industrial effluents, belongs to the gulf of @entity12191  s area (Tunisia). @entity230 varied from 178 to 2459 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity1420 , from 40 to 326 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity251 and from 10 to 235 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity53 -17beta in females. However in males, these @entity230 ranged from 304 to 2303 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity1420 , from 81 to 381 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity251 and from 48 to 168 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity53 -17beta. The reproductive cycle of R. decussatus, investigated by histological examination of gonadic sections, showed that gametogenesis occurred from April to February in males and from April to November in females. @entity1420 and @entity251 increased at the end of gametogenesis in both sexes. The highest @entity53 -17beta was recorded at the beginning of vitellogenesis in females. Fluctuations in the levels of sex @entity230 during the reproductive cycle suggest their possible role as endogenous modulators of gametogenesis in R. decussatus. Although this species is considered as gonochoristic, 0.83% of hermaphrodites were observed.

title: Variation of steroid concentrations during the reproductive cycle of the clam Ruditapes decussatus: a one year study in the gulf of XXXX  s area.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

answer: @entity12191 :: (1,Gene) :: ['Gab']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome after surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults, analysing its effect on arterial blood pressure. METHODS: Twenty-five adults (9 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ), mean age 43.4 years (19 to 70 years), underwent @entity1498 surgical repair. All @entity1 suffered from preoperative @entity101 . Mean blood pressure was 182/97 mm Hg. Sixteen (64%) @entity1 demonstrated reduced load capacity. Operative technique was resection and end-to-end @entity254 for 5 @entity1 (20%), interposition of a Dacron-tube graft for 3 @entity1 (12%), Dacron-patch dilatation was performed in 7 (28%) @entity1 , and in 10 (40%) @entity1 we performed an extra-anatomical bypass graft. RESULTS: Early mortality occurred in 1 @entity1 (4%). The mean blood pressure was reduced [systolic 182 mm Hg vs. 139 mm Hg (p < 0.001), diastolic 97 mm Hg vs. 83 mm Hg (p < 0.001)] in all @entity1 . In 12 @entity1 , blood pressure normalized immediately after surgery, in 7 @entity1 it remained slightly elevated (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg), and 1 @entity1 suffered from prolonged arterial @entity101 . Preoperatively, all @entity1 were treated with antihypertensive drugs. Eleven of 20 @entity1 received long-term medication during follow- up. In the remaining 4 @entity1 , medication lists were unobtainable in retrospect. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (min. 1.0 years; max. 16.6 years). One @entity1 (5%) died from @entity712 12.4 years after the operation. On average, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was improved by 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults can be performed with low surgical risk. Surgery reduces @entity101 and permits more effective medical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX in adults: Beneficial effect on arterial @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome after surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults, analysing its effect on arterial blood pressure. METHODS: Twenty-five adults (9 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ), mean age 43.4 years (19 to 70 years), underwent @entity1498 surgical repair. All @entity1 suffered from preoperative @entity101 . Mean blood pressure was 182/97 mm Hg. Sixteen (64%) @entity1 demonstrated reduced load capacity. Operative technique was resection and end-to-end @entity254 for 5 @entity1 (20%), interposition of a Dacron-tube graft for 3 @entity1 (12%), Dacron-patch dilatation was performed in 7 (28%) @entity1 , and in 10 (40%) @entity1 we performed an extra-anatomical bypass graft. RESULTS: Early mortality occurred in 1 @entity1 (4%). The mean blood pressure was reduced [systolic 182 mm Hg vs. 139 mm Hg (p < 0.001), diastolic 97 mm Hg vs. 83 mm Hg (p < 0.001)] in all @entity1 . In 12 @entity1 , blood pressure normalized immediately after surgery, in 7 @entity1 it remained slightly elevated (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg), and 1 @entity1 suffered from prolonged arterial @entity101 . Preoperatively, all @entity1 were treated with antihypertensive drugs. Eleven of 20 @entity1 received long-term medication during follow- up. In the remaining 4 @entity1 , medication lists were unobtainable in retrospect. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (min. 1.0 years; max. 16.6 years). One @entity1 (5%) died from @entity712 12.4 years after the operation. On average, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was improved by 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults can be performed with low surgical risk. Surgery reduces @entity101 and permits more effective medical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity1498 in adults: Beneficial effect on arterial XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1333 of the central nervous system is exceedingly rare in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The symptoms may be misleading. Most of the reported cases occurred in males with long-standing, nodular, destructive, @entity4932 . Severe constitutional symptoms and prominent extraarticular manifestations of @entity1333 were usually present. We report a case of @entity12513 in a 59-year-old @entity1 with a 20-year history of destructive @entity309 that was well controlled by @entity1499 . @entity10 that was unresponsive to symptomatic treatment developed abruptly, together with gait disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed dot-like areas of high-signal in a periventricular subcortical distribution on both sides. Magnetic resonance angiography visualized a long tight stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and a string-of-beads stenosis of the left internal carotid artery suggesting @entity1333 . Pulse therapy with @entity1667 (1 g/d for 3 days) and @entity786 (1 g) once a month ensured resolution of the @entity16 and laboratory evidence of @entity32 . There was no evidence of a relapse at last follow-up after 5 months. @entity12513 is usually treated with monthly glucocorticoid and @entity786 boluses separated by continuous glucocorticoid therapy. @entity310 antagonists may be effective in @entity1 who fail to respond to conventional treatment. However, other vasculitides such as @entity226 and @entity2883 must be ruled out, as they are refractory to @entity310 antagonist therapy.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vasculitis', 'cerebral vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor-positive disease']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid factor-positive RA', 'RA']

answer: @entity12513 :: (MESH:D020293,Disease) :: ['Cerebral vasculitis']


abstract: @entity1333 of the central nervous system is exceedingly rare in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The symptoms may be misleading. Most of the reported cases occurred in males with long-standing, nodular, destructive, @entity4932 . Severe constitutional symptoms and prominent extraarticular manifestations of @entity1333 were usually present. We report a case of @entity12513 in a 59-year-old @entity1 with a 20-year history of destructive @entity309 that was well controlled by @entity1499 . @entity10 that was unresponsive to symptomatic treatment developed abruptly, together with gait disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed dot-like areas of high-signal in a periventricular subcortical distribution on both sides. Magnetic resonance angiography visualized a long tight stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and a string-of-beads stenosis of the left internal carotid artery suggesting @entity1333 . Pulse therapy with @entity1667 (1 g/d for 3 days) and @entity786 (1 g) once a month ensured resolution of the @entity16 and laboratory evidence of @entity32 . There was no evidence of a relapse at last follow-up after 5 months. @entity12513 is usually treated with monthly glucocorticoid and @entity786 boluses separated by continuous glucocorticoid therapy. @entity310 antagonists may be effective in @entity1 who fail to respond to conventional treatment. However, other vasculitides such as @entity226 and @entity2883 must be ruled out, as they are refractory to @entity310 antagonist therapy.

title: @entity12513 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity1333 of the central nervous system is exceedingly rare in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The symptoms may be misleading. Most of the reported cases occurred in males with long-standing, nodular, destructive, @entity4932 . Severe constitutional symptoms and prominent extraarticular manifestations of @entity1333 were usually present. We report a case of @entity12513 in a 59-year-old @entity1 with a 20-year history of destructive @entity309 that was well controlled by @entity1499 . @entity10 that was unresponsive to symptomatic treatment developed abruptly, together with gait disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed dot-like areas of high-signal in a periventricular subcortical distribution on both sides. Magnetic resonance angiography visualized a long tight stenosis of the right internal carotid artery and a string-of-beads stenosis of the left internal carotid artery suggesting @entity1333 . Pulse therapy with @entity1667 (1 g/d for 3 days) and @entity786 (1 g) once a month ensured resolution of the @entity16 and laboratory evidence of @entity32 . There was no evidence of a relapse at last follow-up after 5 months. @entity12513 is usually treated with monthly glucocorticoid and @entity786 boluses separated by continuous glucocorticoid therapy. @entity310 antagonists may be effective in @entity1 who fail to respond to conventional treatment. However, other vasculitides such as @entity226 and @entity2883 must be ruled out, as they are refractory to @entity310 antagonist therapy.

title: @entity12513 in a XXXX with @entity309 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: D6 scavenges inflammatory chemokines and is essential for the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. Mechanisms explaining the cellular basis for D6 function have been based on D6 expression by lymphatic endothelial cells. In this study, we demonstrate that functional D6 is also expressed by @entity19 and @entity1 hemopoietic cells and that this expression can be regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory agents. D6 expression was highest in B cells and dendritic cells (DCs). In myeloid cells, LPS down-regulated expression, while @entity2533 up-regulated expression. Activation of T cells with anti-CD3 and soluble @entity1361 up-regulated mRNA expression 20-fold, while maturation of @entity1 macrophage and megakaryocyte precursors also up-regulated D6 expression. Competition assays demonstrated that chemokine uptake was D6 dependent in @entity1 leukocytes, whereas @entity19 D6-null cells failed to uptake and clear inflammatory chemokines. Furthermore, we present evidence indicating that D6 expression is @entity3421 dependent, thus explaining D6 expression in myeloid progenitor cells, mast cells, megakaryocytes, and DCs. We propose a model for D6 function in which leukocytes, within inflamed sites, activate D6 expression and thus trigger resolution of inflammatory responses. Our data on D6 expression by circulating DCs and B cells also suggest alternative roles for D6, perhaps in the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses. These data therefore alter our models of in vivo D6 function and suggest possible discrete, and novel, roles for D6 on lymphatic endothelial cells and leukocytes.

title: Hemopoietic cell expression of the chemokine decoy receptor D6 is dynamic and regulated by XXXX .

answer: @entity3421 :: (2623,Gene) :: ['GATA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As part of new drug development initiatives in Thailand, a new tablet formulation of @entity8185 ( @entity4601 , an antimalarial drug) has been developed. Our previous bioequivalence study indicated that the new and reference @entity4601 formulations were well tolerated; however, a significant decrease in hemoglobin was detected after a single 200-mg oral dose. To explore further, a clinical study with an emphasis on hematological parameters was conducted. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, single-blind, cross-over clinical study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers with a dosage of 300 mg daily for 2 days. @entity506 was used as a comparator. Adverse events were monitored and laboratory parameters on study Days 0, 2, 5, and 7 post drug administrations were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen volunteers completed both rounds of the study. Both drugs were well tolerated. All adverse events were mild. Significant decrease in hemoglobin compared to baseline was detected for both drugs 7 days after administration ( @entity4601 : 0.48 g/dl, p = 0.007; artesunate 0.38 g/dl, p = 0.001). Transient @entity236 was evidenced by reduction of reticulocytes with a lowest number on study Day 5 (artesunate 75% reduction in reticulocyte count; @entity4601 47%, p < 0.001 for both drugs compared to baseline). CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed our previous finding on significant decrease in hemoglobin. Artesunate appeared to have more negative effects on the numbers of reticulocytes and white blood cells than @entity4601 . Systemic laboratory and @entity137 profiles presented in this study may be used as a framework for future clinical studies of @entity507 and its derivatives.

title: Comparative study of @entity8185 and XXXX safety in healthy Thai volunteers.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['Artesunate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['artesunate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As part of new drug development initiatives in Thailand, a new tablet formulation of @entity8185 ( @entity4601 , an antimalarial drug) has been developed. Our previous bioequivalence study indicated that the new and reference @entity4601 formulations were well tolerated; however, a significant decrease in hemoglobin was detected after a single 200-mg oral dose. To explore further, a clinical study with an emphasis on hematological parameters was conducted. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, single-blind, cross-over clinical study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers with a dosage of 300 mg daily for 2 days. @entity506 was used as a comparator. Adverse events were monitored and laboratory parameters on study Days 0, 2, 5, and 7 post drug administrations were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen volunteers completed both rounds of the study. Both drugs were well tolerated. All adverse events were mild. Significant decrease in hemoglobin compared to baseline was detected for both drugs 7 days after administration ( @entity4601 : 0.48 g/dl, p = 0.007; artesunate 0.38 g/dl, p = 0.001). Transient @entity236 was evidenced by reduction of reticulocytes with a lowest number on study Day 5 (artesunate 75% reduction in reticulocyte count; @entity4601 47%, p < 0.001 for both drugs compared to baseline). CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed our previous finding on significant decrease in hemoglobin. Artesunate appeared to have more negative effects on the numbers of reticulocytes and white blood cells than @entity4601 . Systemic laboratory and @entity137 profiles presented in this study may be used as a framework for future clinical studies of @entity507 and its derivatives.

title: Comparative study of XXXX and @entity506 safety in healthy Thai volunteers.

answer: @entity8185 :: (MESH:C039060,Chemical) :: ['dihydroartemisinin']


abstract: AIMS: IgA @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is the most frequent @entity631 around the globe, but its incidence in the United States is unknown. The disease has a preponderance for certain racial/ethnic groups. Our goals were to retrospectively analyze a series of @entity6994 biopsies from the state of New Mexico and to calculate an estimated incidence. Then we compared the racial/ethnic composition of our @entity1 cohort to the composition of the New Mexico population and examined the three main racial/ethnic groups for differences in clinical and pathologic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Renal biopsies and clinical data from @entity6994 cases newly diagnosed in New Mexico between 2000 and 2005 were reviewed. We compared the racial/ethnic composition of our @entity1 cohort to the demographic composition of the New Mexico population. Demographic, clinical, and histopathologic variables were analyzed with respect to the @entity1 ' race/ethnicity. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity6994 in New Mexico was 10.2 cases per million @entity1 per year (9.3 when Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura cases were excluded). American Indians were twice as frequent in our @entity1 cohort when compared to their demographic representation, with the reverse finding for Non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics more frequently had @entity1985 range @entity644 than Non-Hispanic Whites and American Indians. On renal biopsy, endocapillary proliferative @entity631 was the most common @entity8 , followed by the @entity628 ( @entity628 )-like pattern. The @entity628 -like pattern was more frequent in American Indians and Hispanics than in Non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an incidence figure of @entity6994 for an entire state in the US. American Indian and Hispanic @entity1 had a stronger representation in our cohort than Non-Hispanic Whites, when compared to the general New Mexico population.

title: IgA XXXX in the triethnic population of New Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'glomerular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: To evaluate the effects of @entity459 ( @entity459 ) on bone mass and structure, we have studied the iliac crest biopsies of 27 @entity1 , 10 males (28-68 yr old) and 17 females (26-72 yr old) with mild @entity459 after in vivo @entity803 labeling. All @entity1 had mild @entity2741 in the absence of any other cause and elevated levels of PTH without radiological evidence of @entity79 . Static parameters of bone turnover (osteoid surface, osteoid volume, and eroded surface) were elevated in both @entity1 and @entity1 compared to normal values; the midmolecule RIA for PTH (PTHMM) was positively correlated with osteoid surface (r = 0.44; P less than 0.025) and eroded surface (r = 0.58; P less than 0.005). Dynamic parameters of bone turnover (mineralizing surface, expressed as double plus half single labeled surface, and bone formation rate at tissue level) were elevated compared to normal values; PTHMM was positively correlated with double plus half single labeled surfaces (r = 0.33; P less than 0.05) and with bone formation rate at the tissue level (r = 0.37; P less than 0.05). The mineral apposition rate was within the limits of normal values and positively correlated with PTHMM (r = 0.34; P less than 0.05). Histomorphometric parameters of bone structure [cancellous bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), cortical thickness (Ct.Th), and total bone density (TBD)] were compared to those in 20 autopsy control subjects, 12 @entity1 (33-60 yr old) and 8 @entity1 (27-75 yr old). BV/TV and Tb.N were significantly higher in @entity459 @entity1 than controls (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.001, respectively). Tb.Sp was significantly lower in @entity459 @entity1 than controls (P less than 0.001), whereas Tb.Th was not significantly different between @entity459 @entity1 and controls. Ct.Th was significantly lower in @entity459 @entity1 than in controls (P less than 0.001), whereas TBD was not significantly different between the two groups. BV/TV was negatively correlated with age in both controls and @entity459 @entity1 . Tb.N showed a negative correlation and Tb.Sp a positive correlation with age in controls (r = -0.47; P less than 0.05 and r = 0.52; P less than 0.02, respectively), but they were not significantly dependent on age in @entity459 @entity1 . Tb.Th, while showing no significant age-related change in controls, was negatively correlated with age in @entity459 @entity1 (r = -0.42; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The histomorphometry of bone in XXXX : preservation of cancellous bone structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']