abstract: BACKGROUND: Kaempferia galanga is an important medicinal plant and has been traditionally used to help restlessness, stress, @entity148 , @entity308 etc. in tropics and subtropics of Asia including Bangladesh, India, China, Japan and Indochina. Literature survey revealed that there are very less reports on neuropharmacological activity of this plant. Therefore, the present study investigated the sedative activity of different extracts of rhizome and leaf of Kaempferia galanga. METHODS: The sedative activity was evaluated by using thiopental @entity1372 induced sleeping time, hole cross and open field tests in Swiss albino @entity19 at the doses of 100 and 200  mg/kg body weight per oral (p.o). The @entity1324 extract of rhizome (ACR), as well as petroleum ether fraction (PEF), @entity3636 fraction (CHF), @entity1042 fraction (MEF) and @entity1324 extract of leaf (ACL) were examined for sedative activity. RESULTS: In the sedative activity study, all the extracts exhibited significant (p   <   0.05 and p   <   0.001) reduction of onset and duration of thiopental @entity1372 induced sleeping time, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the hole cross and open field tests. In thiopental @entity1372 induced sleeping time test, the @entity3636 extract of rhizome (200  mg/kg) showed maximum 358.55  % effect in duration of loss of righting reflex, whereas the standard drug @entity3175 (2  mg/kg) produced 231.42  % effect. In hole cross and open field tests, maximum 95.09  % and 95.58  % suppression of locomotor activity were observed with the acetonic leaf extract (200  mg/kg) whereas suppression of locomotor activity of the standard drug @entity3175 were 71.70  % and 70.58  % respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that the @entity1324 extracts of rhizome and leaf of Kaempferia galanga including fractions @entity149 (CNS) depressant properties which supports its use in traditional medicine. So, the plant may be further investigated to find out for its pharmacological active natural products.

title: Study of sedative activity of different extracts of Kaempferia galanga in Swiss albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['possess central nervous system']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate characteristic sonographic findings for mumps @entity11570 with @entity3892 . METHODS: This study included 18 @entity1 (aged 12-18 years) with mumps @entity11570 . We assessed the volume, echogenicity, and vascularity of the testes and the transverse diameter, echogenicity, and vascularity of the epididymal head, body, and tail. We classified 4 types of @entity3892 : 1A, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity only on the swollen head; 1B, focal swelling of the epididymal head with hypervascularity on the entire epididymis; 1C, @entity4 with hypervascularity; and 2, no @entity3892 . The Student t test was used to evaluate the significance of the size of each part of the epididymis and the epididymal head-to-tail diameter ratio. RESULTS: @entity11570 was unilateral in 13 @entity1 and bilateral in 5. Of 23 affected hemiscrotums, 7 (30.4%) were type 1A, 4 (17.4%) type 1B, 2 (8.7%) type 1C, and 10 (43.5%) type 2. In 11 @entity1 with unilateral @entity3892 , the mean diameters    SDs of the epididymal heads on the affected and contralateral sides were 1.11    0.19 (range, 0.7-1.7) and 0.65    0.14 (0.3-0.9) cm (significantly different, P <.001). The diameters of the epididymal tails on the affected and contralateral sides were 0.51    0.41 (0.2-0.8) and 0.46    0.21 (0.3-0.6) cm (not statistically different, P = .106). The mean head-to-tail ratios on the affected and contralateral sides were 2.28    0.49 (1.29-3.00) and 1.41    0.22 (1.00-1.75; significantly different, P < .001). In all types 1A and 1B, the ratio was higher than 2.00; in 22 of 23 unaffected epididymides, the ratio was lower than 2.00. CONCLUSIONS: Focal swelling of epididymal heads was a characteristic sonographic finding of @entity11570 , and a head-to-tail ratio higher than 2.00 can be a useful diagnostic finding.

title: Distribution of Epididymal Involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse swelling of the entire epididymis']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal involvement']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['orchitis', 'mumps epididymo-orchitis', 'Orchitis']

answer: @entity11570 :: (MESH:D009920,Disease) :: ['Mumps Epididymo-orchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to document the frequency of optimal femoral artery access location and its correlation with @entity455 in contemporary practice. BACKGROUND: Vascular access bleeding during coronary interventions is associated with adverse outcomes. A potential strategy for reducing access-site bleeding is to achieve optimal location for the femoral access. However, there is a paucity of data on how well this goal is achieved in clinical practice using anatomical landmarks. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated femoral angiograms of 300 @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to identify the location of the access that had been performed using anatomical landmarks. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the location of the arterial access: above the femoral bifurcation but below the inferior border of the inferior epigastric artery (optimal location) and those that were either above or below these landmarks (suboptimal location). Frequency of access site complications was recorded. RESULTS: The femoral artery access site was located outside the optimal location in 38 (13.0%) @entity1 . There was no significant difference regards to baseline characteristics. Overall, access-related complications occurred in 17 (5.7%) @entity1 . @entity455 were significantly more frequent in @entity1 who had a femoral artery access outside the optimal location (18% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The femoral artery access site is not at the optimal location in a significant proportion of @entity1 , and this is associated with an increased risk of @entity455 . Improving the rates of optimal arterial access by routine use of fluoroscopy or ultrasound guidance has the potential of reducing @entity455 and improving outcomes.

title: Location of femoral artery access and correlation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular complications', 'vascular complications']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The ABSORB cohort A trial using the bioresorbable @entity2239 -eluting scaffold (BVS revision 1.0, Abbott Vascular) demonstrated a slightly higher acute recoil with BVS than with metallic stents. To reinforce the mechanical strength of the scaffold, the new BVS scaffold (revision 1.1) with modified strut design was developed and tested in the ABSORB cohort B trial. This study sought to evaluate and compare the in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS revision 1.0 in ABSORB cohort A and the BVS revision 1.1 in ABSORB cohort B with the historical recoil of the XIENCE V   @entity2239 -eluting metal stent (EES, SPIRIT I and II). METHODS: In the ABSORB cohort B trial, 101 @entity1 with one or two de-novo lesions were enrolled at 10 sites. In ABSORB cohort A, 27 @entity1 treated with a BVS 1.0 were analyzed and compared with EES. Acute absolute recoil, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography, was defined as the difference between mean diameter of the last inflated balloon at the highest pressure (X) and mean lumen diameter of the stent immediately after the last @entity661 (Y). Acute percent recoil was defined as (X - Y)/X and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS: Out of 101 @entity1 enrolled in the ABSORB cohort B trial, 88 @entity1 are available for complete analysis of acute recoil. Absolute recoil of BVS 1.1 (0.19    0.18 mm) was numerically higher than metallic EES (vs. 0.13    0.21 mm) and similar to BVS 1.0 (0.20    0.21 mm) but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.40). The acute percent recoil demonstrated the same trend (EES: 4.3%    7.1%, BVS 1.0: 6.9%    7.0%, BVS 1.1: 6.7%    6.4%, P = 0.22). In the multivariate regression model, high balloon/artery ratio (>1.1) (OR 1.91 [1.34-2.71]) was the predictive for high absolute recoil (>0.27 mm) while (larger) preprocedural @entity8431 was protective (OR 0.84 [0.72-0.99]). The stent/scaffold type was not a predictor of acute recoil. CONCLUSIONS: The average in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS 1.1 is slightly higher than the metallic EES. However, the scaffold/stent type was not predictive of high acute recoil, while implantation in undersized vessels or usage of oversized devices might confound the results.

title: Comparison of in vivo acute stent recoil between the bioresorbable XXXX -eluting coronary scaffolds (revision 1.0 and 1.1) and the metallic @entity2239 -eluting stent.

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The ABSORB cohort A trial using the bioresorbable @entity2239 -eluting scaffold (BVS revision 1.0, Abbott Vascular) demonstrated a slightly higher acute recoil with BVS than with metallic stents. To reinforce the mechanical strength of the scaffold, the new BVS scaffold (revision 1.1) with modified strut design was developed and tested in the ABSORB cohort B trial. This study sought to evaluate and compare the in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS revision 1.0 in ABSORB cohort A and the BVS revision 1.1 in ABSORB cohort B with the historical recoil of the XIENCE V   @entity2239 -eluting metal stent (EES, SPIRIT I and II). METHODS: In the ABSORB cohort B trial, 101 @entity1 with one or two de-novo lesions were enrolled at 10 sites. In ABSORB cohort A, 27 @entity1 treated with a BVS 1.0 were analyzed and compared with EES. Acute absolute recoil, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography, was defined as the difference between mean diameter of the last inflated balloon at the highest pressure (X) and mean lumen diameter of the stent immediately after the last @entity661 (Y). Acute percent recoil was defined as (X - Y)/X and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS: Out of 101 @entity1 enrolled in the ABSORB cohort B trial, 88 @entity1 are available for complete analysis of acute recoil. Absolute recoil of BVS 1.1 (0.19    0.18 mm) was numerically higher than metallic EES (vs. 0.13    0.21 mm) and similar to BVS 1.0 (0.20    0.21 mm) but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.40). The acute percent recoil demonstrated the same trend (EES: 4.3%    7.1%, BVS 1.0: 6.9%    7.0%, BVS 1.1: 6.7%    6.4%, P = 0.22). In the multivariate regression model, high balloon/artery ratio (>1.1) (OR 1.91 [1.34-2.71]) was the predictive for high absolute recoil (>0.27 mm) while (larger) preprocedural @entity8431 was protective (OR 0.84 [0.72-0.99]). The stent/scaffold type was not a predictor of acute recoil. CONCLUSIONS: The average in vivo acute scaffold recoil of the BVS 1.1 is slightly higher than the metallic EES. However, the scaffold/stent type was not predictive of high acute recoil, while implantation in undersized vessels or usage of oversized devices might confound the results.

title: Comparison of in vivo acute stent recoil between the bioresorbable @entity2239 -eluting coronary scaffolds (revision 1.0 and 1.1) and the metallic XXXX -eluting stent.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity1028 are usually asymptomatic and managed safely in ultrasound surveillance programmes until they grow to a diameter threshold where intervention is considered. The aim of this study was to synthesize systematically the published data on growth rates for small @entity439 to investigate the evidence basis for surveillance intervals. METHODS: This was a systematic review of the literature published before January 2010, which identified 61 potentially eligible reports. Detailed review yielded 15 studies providing growth rates for @entity439 3  0-5  5 cm in diameter (14 in millimetres per year, 1 as percentage change per year). These studies included 7630 @entity1 (predominantly @entity1 ) enrolled during 1976-2005. RESULTS: The pooled mean growth rate was 2  32 (95 per cent confidence interval 1  95 to 2  70) mm/year but there was very high heterogeneity between studies; the growth rate ranged from - 0  33 to + 3  95 mm/year. Six studies reported growth rates by 5-mm diameter bands, which showed the trend for growth rate to increase with @entity439 diameter. Simple methods to determine growth rate were associated with higher estimates. Meta-regression analysis showed that a 10-mm increase in @entity439 diameter was associated with a mean(s.e.m.) 1  62(0  20) mm/year increase in growth rate. Neither mean age nor percentage of @entity1 in each study had a significant effect. On average, a 3  5-cm @entity439 would take 6  2 years to reach 5  5 cm, whereas a 4  5-cm @entity439 would take only 2  3 years. CONCLUSION: There was considerable variation in the reported growth rates of small @entity439 beyond that explained by @entity439 diameter. Fuller evidence on which to base surveillance intervals for @entity1 in screening programmes requires a meta-analysis based on individual @entity1 data.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of growth rates of small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity867 evolution was studied in an experimental model in the cat correlating the computed tomographic scan appearance with intracranial pressure, @entity2657 and histopathological findings. @entity198 was produced by direct inoculation of @entity794 into the white matter. Abscesses developed in all animals. The ring enhancement around the @entity39 focus seen at an early stage after contrast-medium injection cannot be equated with capsule formation as long as the abscess diameter increased. Parallel to the acute stage of abscess, the intraventricular pressure increased due to the rising mass effect and the spreading edma. The morphological investigations revealed on the seventh day an extreme enlargement of extracellular spaces with immense amount of @entity4 fluid, rich in protein and fibrin. Some blood vessels in the close vicinity of the abscess showed gaps within the endothelial cell layer. When encapsulation developed, ring enhancement became more homogeneous and decreased in diameter. In spite of encapsulation, a circumscribed disturbance of the blood-brain barrier persisted which was responsible for a belated resolution of @entity4 and a slow decrease of intracranial pressure. Only therapy with @entity619 could effect a marked change in the course of the disease.

title: Evolution of brain abscess in cats formation of capsule and resolution of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['Brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['Brain abscess']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of nasal stents as a postoperative adjunct following repair of @entity16453 remains controversial. The study objective was to systematically review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of stenting following transnasal endoscopic repair of bilateral @entity16453 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Inclusion criteria included articles written in the English language with five or more subjects and clear intervention data and outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, appraised the level of evidence, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. Successful surgery was defined as the absence of restenosis. RESULTS: Of 154 identified studies, 15 met inclusion criteria. Levels of evidence varied from level 3 to 4. Mean age at surgery ranged from 5 days to 25 months. Thirteen studies (n   =   167 @entity1 ) included @entity1 who were stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49-76%). Mean duration of stenting ranged from 48 hours to 16 weeks. Six studies (n   =   42) evaluated @entity1 who were not stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 64% (95% CI, 42-84%). Complications associated with stenting included @entity130 , @entity850 , columellar tear, and stent dislodgement or blockage. CONCLUSIONS: Success rates for bilateral @entity16453 repair were similar with and without the use of nasal stents. The use of nasal stents may be associated with more complications. There is insufficient data to determine if @entity1138 is a useful therapeutic adjunct. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: To stent or not to stent? A meta-analysis of endonasal congenital bilateral XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['alar injury']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sometimes, cytological @entity2 diagnosis is challenging because equivocal diagnoses are common. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis have been proposed as adjuncts. METHODS: Bronchial washings and/or brushings or transbronchial fine-needle aspiration biopsies were prospectively collected from @entity1 who were clinically suspected of having @entity2 . After routine cytological diagnosis, 70 consecutive specimens, each cytologically diagnosed as negative, equivocal, or positive for @entity5 cells, were investigated with adjuvant methods. Suspicious areas on the smears were restained with the LAVysion multicolor FISH probe set (Abbott Molecular, Des Plaines, Illinois) or according to the Feulgen Staining Method for DNA-image cytometry analysis. DNA was extracted from residual liquid material, and frequencies of aberrant methylation of APC, @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , and @entity15893 gene promoters were determined with quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) after @entity9736 conversion. Clinical and histological follow-up according to a reference standard, defined in advance, were available for 198 of 210 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the whole cohort, cytology, FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and QMSP achieved sensitivities of 83.7%, 78%, 79%, and 49.6%, respectively (specificities of 69.8%, 98.2%, 98.2%, and 98.4%, respectively). Subsequent to cytologically equivocal diagnoses, FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and QMSP definitely identified @entity5 in 79%, 83%, and 49%, respectively. With QMSP, 4 of 22 @entity5 @entity1 with cytologically negative diagnoses were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, adjuvant FISH or DNA-image cytometry in cytologically equivocal diagnoses improves diagnostic accuracy at comparable rates. Adjuvant QMSP in cytologically negative cases with persistent suspicion of @entity2 would enhance sensitivity.

title: Equivocal cytology in XXXX diagnosis: improvement of diagnostic accuracy using adjuvant multicolor FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To compare the characteristics of early hand involvement in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) using two matched populations, from the UK and China. METHODS: A cohort comparison study was conducted. Sixty Chinese @entity1 recruited from Shanghai, China were matched on gender and age with 60 @entity1 from a prospective early @entity309 cohort from the UK (SARAH trial). The procedures of data collection in China followed the standard operating procedures employed in the SARAH trial. Outcome measures including Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ), medication history and physical assessments were used to assess functional ability and hand impairment. RESULTS: UK @entity1 reported significantly more @entity158 (P  =  0.015), less satisfaction with dominant hand performance (P    =  0.040), more swollen and tender joints (P  =  0.016 and P  =  0.001) and greater dexterity of both dominant and non-dominant hands (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.001), while Chinese @entity1 had higher disease activity indicated by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, more rheumatoid factor, less satisfaction in both dominant and non-dominant hand appearances (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.001, respectively) and greater @entity1847 (P    =  0.003). No statistically significant differences were seen in range of movement and overall hand function as reported by the MHQ. CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity309 is not milder in China than in the UK and the characteristics of hand involvement tend to be different. Clinicians should consider country-specific differences in managing @entity158 and delivering treatment. It would be helpful for a future study to investigate the @entity309 impact characteristics on a wider range of @entity1 both from within China and from other populations.

title: Characteristics of hand involvement in a comparative study of two early XXXX cohorts from the UK and China.

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['dominant hand deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hand pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity1 of @entity102 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity800 alone (OA) and the @entity800 + @entity619 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity1 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity1 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity800 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity1 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity796 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity1 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity230 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity800 and its combination with XXXX in @entity102 media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity1 of @entity102 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity800 alone (OA) and the @entity800 + @entity619 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity1 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity1 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity800 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity1 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity796 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity1 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity230 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity800 and its combination with @entity619 in XXXX media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of corticosteroid in @entity1 of @entity102 media (CSOM) is unknown. In the present study, the efficacy and safety of @entity800 alone (OA) and the @entity800 + @entity619 combination (ODC) is compared by studying clinical cure rates and adverse drug reactions in @entity1 with CSOM. After prior permission from the Institutional Review Board and written informed consent from @entity1 , pre-treatment clinical assessment and bacteriology of the middle ear discharge were done. The middle ear was categorised into active, mucoid or inactive according to the type of discharge. Grades of otorrhoea and size of tympanic membrane perforation were noted. CSOM with organisms sensitive to @entity800 were treated either with OA or ODC eardrops for a period of 15 days. Post-treatment clinical cure (when grade of otorrhoea become 0) was recorded on the 5(th), 10(th) and 15(th) days and bacteriological assessment was recorded at the last visit. All parameters were analysed using Fisher's exact test. A total 110 @entity1 were randomised. The most common microorganism associated with CSOM was @entity796 (45.45 %). Clinical improvement was seen in 84.61% and 86.79% of cases, but bacteriological improvement in only 82.69% and 77.35% of cases treated with OA and ODC, respectively. Shift of middle ear discharge from active to inactive was noted in 71.15% and 64.15% @entity1 by the 10th day in the OA and ODC groups, respectively. As there was no difference in clinical or bacteriological improvement, it may be unnecessary to combine @entity230 with topical antibiotic preparations for management of CSOM.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX and its combination with @entity619 in @entity102 media. A randomised, double blind, parallel group, comparative study.

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['ofloxacin']


abstract: A 65 year old female, known @entity748 on @entity230 intermittently, with no other co-morbidity presented with @entity221 , @entity1353 and cough with mucoid expectoration of ten days duration with bilateral crepts, went for @entity1576 and was intubated followed by tracheostomy in view of prolonged ventilator support. In spite of high end antibiotics as per sputum culture sensitivity, weaning off the ventilator was not possible. Blood investigations revealed leucocytosis with neutrophilic predominance and IgE levels were within normal limits. CT chest showed multiple patchy consolidations of the right upper, middle and lower lobes with ground glass appearance and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. Work up for retrovirus, @entity378 and Sputum for @entity3071 mount was negative. No evidence of sputum and blood @entity1712 . BAL sample grew Curvularia species. @entity2380 150mg OD was added. Serial imaging of the chest showed resolution of the consolidation and was weaned off the ventilator and was comfortable on room air. @entity55 caused by Curvularia, in an immune competent @entity1 is very rare. Even in broncho @entity358 these fungi usually occur in @entity56 as in @entity17178 than appearing as a solitary cause for @entity358 . But if diagnosed and treated early, will respond well to @entity5627 . This case report highlights a unilateral @entity364 with dramatic clinical improvement post treatment once the rare causative organism was identified.

title: An unusual cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5627 :: ('MESH:D014230', 'Chemical') :: ['triazoles']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection', 'pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Type II respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal pneumonia']


abstract: @entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) is a hallmark of @entity5 cells that facilitates the acquisition of mutations conferring aggressive or drug-resistant phenotypes during @entity5 evolution. @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) is a form of @entity5555 that involves frequent cytogenetic changes leading to changes in chromosome copy number ( @entity2007 ). While both @entity1344 and @entity2007 are common characteristics of @entity5 cells, their roles in @entity5 initiation and progression are unclear. On the one hand, @entity1344 and @entity2007 are known to provide genetic variation to allow cells to adapt in changing environments such as nutrient fluctuations and @entity519 . @entity1 with constitutive @entity2007 are more susceptible to certain types of @entity5 , suggesting that changes in chromosome copy number could positively contribute to @entity5 evolution. On the other hand, chromosomal imbalances have been observed to have detrimental effects on cellular fitness and might trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity19 models for @entity1344 have led to conflicting results. Taken together these findings suggest that the relationship between @entity1344 , @entity2007 and @entity5 is more complex than what was previously anticipated. Here we review what is known about this complex m  nage    trois, discuss recent evidence suggesting that @entity2007 , @entity1344 and @entity5555 together promote a vicious cycle of genome chaos. Lastly, we propose a working hypothesis to reconcile the conflicting observations regarding the role of @entity2007 and @entity1344 in tumorigenesis.

title: Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in XXXX : a jackpot to chaos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5555 :: ('MESH:D042822', 'Disease') :: ['GIN', 'Genomic instability']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['CIN', 'Chromosomal instability']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical ablation for locally advanced @entity0 results in large chest wall defects, which can then be managed with local flaps or skin grafts. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the outcomes of three types of local skin flaps. METHODS: Among 25 local flaps in 24 @entity1 , 6 were bilateral advancement (BA) flaps, 9 were thoracoabdominal (TA) flaps, and 10 were thoracoepigastric (TE) flaps. Clinical outcomes were compared including complications, the need for a secondary surgical intervention, and the timing of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The mean defect size was 436.2 cm(2). Two @entity1 with TA flaps and 6 @entity1 with TE flaps developed @entity39 , and skin grafts were needed to treat 2 @entity1 with TE flaps. Radiation was administered to the BA, TA, and TE @entity1 after average postoperative durations of 28, 30, or 41 days, respectively. The incidence of flap @entity39 tended to be higher in TE @entity1 , which lead to significant delays in adjuvant radiation therapy (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Three types of local skin flaps can be used to treat large chest wall defects after the excision of locally advanced @entity0 . Each flap has its own merits and demerits, and selecting flaps should be based on strict indications based on the dimensions and locations of the defects.

title: Using local flaps in a chest wall reconstruction after mastectomy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['distal flap necrosis', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean values of lipid profile in psoriatic @entity1 and healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa, Karachi, from November 2012 to April 2013. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 with @entity1569 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected from Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD) of PNS Shifa, Karachi. After fasting for 14 hours, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn in sterile syringe and submitted to the Hospital Laboratory for lipid profile, by enzymatic method on Hitachi (Roshe(  )) using reagents by the same firm. The mean values lipid profile in psoriatic @entity1 versus healthy controls were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Atotal of 256 @entity1 (128 in each group) were enrolled. Mean lipid profile in both groups revealed @entity165 (mg/dl) value of 203.43   1 1.43 in cases and 173.64    13.65 in controls. @entity412 (mg/dl) was 178.87    43.60 and in cases 144.23    34.01 in controls, HDL-C (mg/dl) was 37.81    10.78 in cases and 41.41    9.72 in controls while LDL-C (mg/dl) was 139.52    13.71 in cases and 109.44    13.80 in controls. Each parameters had p-value < 0.05 which was significant. CONCLUSION: @entity2299 was found in a high percentage of psoriatic @entity1 than healthy controls. Psoriatic @entity1 require thorough lipid and cardiovascular examinations as they should be considered as individuals with increased risk of @entity65 .

title: XXXX and Psoriasis: A Case Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Dyslipidemia']


abstract: AIMS: An open label, national, multicenter, observational study had been conducted to evaluate of psychological general well-being in adults with therapy resistant @entity302 taking @entity2051 in Hungary. The possibility was examined to differentiate the improvement of the psychic well-being caused by the better status of the @entity410 disorder or caused by the psychopharmacological effect of the @entity2051 (in the next: OXC). METHODS: 528 @entity1 were asked to fill the Hungarian validated version of Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB), English version created by Harold J. Dupuy in 1984, at the baseline visit and after 12- week long duration OXC therapy regim. Finally the data of 332 @entity1 could be evaluated per protocol, biostatistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Based on data of 332 @entity1 (per protocol population) the OXC treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) improved all items of PGWB in clinically well-controlled (responder) @entity302 @entity1 and improved affective markers of @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity302 also. In case of @entity1 suffering from uncontrolled @entity302 the increase of psychical wellbeing items score influenced by biological effects were higher than those influenced by external effects. CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that the adopted PGWB test battery is reliable quantitative method to examine the psychological well-being of @entity1 suffering from @entity302 . It was observed that OXC has significant psychopharmalogical effect besides the well-known anticonvulsive property among large Hungarian population of partial @entity302 patiens. In case of OXC therapy the positive psychic effect of the successful anticonvulsive treatment and the stabilization property on the affectivity of @entity302 @entity1 significantly separates. The OXC has no indication for the treatment of @entity146 conditions.

title: [Multicenter observational study of the effect of @entity2051 on the general well-being of adults with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['partial epilepsy']


abstract: AIMS: An open label, national, multicenter, observational study had been conducted to evaluate of psychological general well-being in adults with therapy resistant @entity302 taking @entity2051 in Hungary. The possibility was examined to differentiate the improvement of the psychic well-being caused by the better status of the @entity410 disorder or caused by the psychopharmacological effect of the @entity2051 (in the next: OXC). METHODS: 528 @entity1 were asked to fill the Hungarian validated version of Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWB), English version created by Harold J. Dupuy in 1984, at the baseline visit and after 12- week long duration OXC therapy regim. Finally the data of 332 @entity1 could be evaluated per protocol, biostatistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Based on data of 332 @entity1 (per protocol population) the OXC treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) improved all items of PGWB in clinically well-controlled (responder) @entity302 @entity1 and improved affective markers of @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity302 also. In case of @entity1 suffering from uncontrolled @entity302 the increase of psychical wellbeing items score influenced by biological effects were higher than those influenced by external effects. CONCLUSIONS: It can be stated that the adopted PGWB test battery is reliable quantitative method to examine the psychological well-being of @entity1 suffering from @entity302 . It was observed that OXC has significant psychopharmalogical effect besides the well-known anticonvulsive property among large Hungarian population of partial @entity302 patiens. In case of OXC therapy the positive psychic effect of the successful anticonvulsive treatment and the stabilization property on the affectivity of @entity302 @entity1 significantly separates. The OXC has no indication for the treatment of @entity146 conditions.

title: [Multicenter observational study of the effect of XXXX on the general well-being of adults with @entity302 ].

answer: @entity2051 :: (MESH:C036006,Chemical) :: ['oxcarbazepine']


abstract: @entity73006 , a linear peptide of 40 @entity1522 , produced @entity551 when administered intravenously to anesthetized @entity235 . Diastolic pressure was always more affected than systolic pressure. Aortic blood flow and venous return both increased to the same extent. The mechanism of the @entity551 response was mainly, if not exclusively, due to dilatation of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous infusion of @entity73006 in doses ranging from 3 to 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 produced a dose-related increase of mesenteric blood flow up to 400% control values. @entity450 and colon was increased, while blood flow in muscle was unaffected or slight decreased. The mesenteric vasodilator response was not prevented by adrenergic or muscarinic receptor blockade. The @entity551 response was more marked and sustained in @entity34776 - @entity1169 treated @entity235 .

title: Action of XXXX on the mesenteric vascular bed of the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity34776 :: ('MESH:D003983', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenamine']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal-submucosal blood flow of ileum']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity73006 :: ('MESH:C025727', 'Chemical') :: ['Sauvagine', 'sauvagine']

answer: @entity73006 :: (MESH:C025727,Chemical) :: ['sauvagine']


abstract: @entity73006 , a linear peptide of 40 @entity1522 , produced @entity551 when administered intravenously to anesthetized @entity235 . Diastolic pressure was always more affected than systolic pressure. Aortic blood flow and venous return both increased to the same extent. The mechanism of the @entity551 response was mainly, if not exclusively, due to dilatation of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Intravenous infusion of @entity73006 in doses ranging from 3 to 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 produced a dose-related increase of mesenteric blood flow up to 400% control values. @entity450 and colon was increased, while blood flow in muscle was unaffected or slight decreased. The mesenteric vasodilator response was not prevented by adrenergic or muscarinic receptor blockade. The @entity551 response was more marked and sustained in @entity34776 - @entity1169 treated @entity235 .

title: Action of @entity73006 on the mesenteric vascular bed of the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Background Various pathophysiological mechanisms such as microvascular and @entity409 , small vessel disease, @entity731 , and @entity32 have been held responsible in the etiology of coronary slow flow. It is also thought to be a reflection of a @entity11598 in the coronary arterial tree. Case Report A 44-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity662 causing @entity1295 , together with blurred vision for the last 2 years, which disappeared after resting. He had used @entity228 therapy for @entity3541 1 month ago. Coronary slow flow was detected in @entity5953 major coronary arteries on coronary angiography. TIMI measurements for the left anterior descending artery, circumflex, and right coronary artery were 64, 72, and 55, respectively. In fundus @entity941 angiography, retinal vascularity was normal, the arm-to-retina circulation time was 21.8 s, and the arteriovenous transit time was 4.3 s. In the early arteriovenous phase, choroidal filling was long, with physiological patchy type. @entity3988 90 mg/day and @entity117 100 mg/day were given. His @entity662 and @entity227 disappeared after medical treatment. Conclusions Physicians should be aware that glucocorticoids might cause an increase in the symptoms of coronary slow flow and some circulation problems, which might lead to systematic symptoms.

title: Coronary slow flow accompanying XXXX and effects of corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity11598 :: ('MESH:D054318', 'Disease') :: ['systemic slow-flow phenomenon']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['exertional blurred vision']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranial ultrasound is an essential screening and diagnostic tool in the care of neonates and is especially useful in the premature population for evaluation of potential germinal matrix/ @entity548 (GM/IVH). There are typically two screening examinations, with the initial cranial sonography performed between 3 days and 14 days after birth, usually consisting of a series of static images plus several cinegraphic sweeps. OBJECTIVE: Our primary goal was to assess whether cinegraphic sweeps alone are as accurate for diagnosing @entity16 as combined static and cinegraphic imaging in the initial cranial US evaluation of premature @entity1 . Our secondary goal was to establish the difference in time required to perform these two examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively obtained 140 consecutive initial cranial US screening studies of premature @entity1 . Three pediatric radiologists blinded to @entity1 data read cinegraphic images alone and also combined (dual) imaging sets for a subset of subjects, recording findings for seven disease processes: germinal matrix/ @entity548 (GM/IVH), right or left side; @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ); choroid plexus cyst; @entity385 or @entity548 ; posterior fossa @entity548 or @entity1188 , and extra-axial @entity548 . Separately, we compared retrospective dual imaging acquisition time against prospectively collected cinegraphic imaging time for premature @entity1 undergoing initial cranial US evaluation. RESULTS: Equivalence testing demonstrated no difference in equivalency between initial cranial US screening using cinegraphic evaluation alone and dual imaging for GM/IVH, cerebral and cerebellar @entity385 , and @entity45 (all P   <   0.05). For @entity5719 and choroid plexus cyst, cinegraphic imaging and dual imaging did not demonstrate equivalence (P   >   0.05). Cinegraphic images were obtained in less than one-third of the time required for dual imaging. CONCLUSION: For the diagnoses that are critical to establish at initial screening (GM/IVH, cerebral and cerebellar @entity385 ) initial cranial US screening using cinegraphic sweeps was equivalent to dual imaging. Cinegraphic imaging required significantly less time to perform than dual imaging. We suggest that performance of cranial US screening using cinegraphic imaging alone is a potentially advantageous option in the initial evaluation of the premature neonate.

title: Cinegraphic versus Combined Static and Cinegraphic Imaging for Initial Cranial Ultrasound Screening in Premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['PVL', 'periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal cyst']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal cyst; cerebral and cerebellar infarction', 'infarct or hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe our medium-term outcomes for @entity3657 stenting in adults with @entity299 . BACKGROUND: Improved outcomes in @entity299 have lead to the evolution of transcatheter therapies in adults aimed at maintaining normal hemodynamics. Stenting for pulmonary artery narrowing is effective in @entity1 , however little is known about outcomes in adults. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis and follow-up review of our complete experience with @entity3657 stenting in adults. RESULTS: Over a 9-year period we carried out 15 procedures, implanting 23 stents (11-left pulmonary artery) in the pulmonary arteries of 12 adult @entity1 (7 female). Eleven @entity1 had previous cardiac surgery. Median age at implantation was 32.5 years (range, 18.7-56.7 years) with median weight of 71.3 kg (range, 44.5-95 kg). Six @entity1 underwent bilateral pulmonary artery stenting. Median procedure time was 140 minutes (range, 76-263 minutes) and 4 @entity1 had other interventions performed during the same procedure. Median systolic pressure gradient across the narrowing's of 24 mmHg (range, 11-61 mmHg) was reduced to 3 mmHg (range, 0-17 mmHg) postprocedure (P < 0.001). Three @entity1 had @entity697 , one of whom required surgical removal. No @entity439 formation or significant stent @entity174 have been noted on median follow-up of 27.4 months (range, 1-97 months). Two @entity1 required reintervention with further stent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary artery stenting provides effective relief of narrowing in adults with @entity299 . Bilateral and/or multiple stenting are often required. @entity887 may occur particularly in @entity1 with associated significant @entity338 . (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:373-377).

title: Medium-term outcomes for XXXX stenting in adults with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute stent embolization']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Stent embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral pulmonary artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe our medium-term outcomes for @entity3657 stenting in adults with @entity299 . BACKGROUND: Improved outcomes in @entity299 have lead to the evolution of transcatheter therapies in adults aimed at maintaining normal hemodynamics. Stenting for pulmonary artery narrowing is effective in @entity1 , however little is known about outcomes in adults. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis and follow-up review of our complete experience with @entity3657 stenting in adults. RESULTS: Over a 9-year period we carried out 15 procedures, implanting 23 stents (11-left pulmonary artery) in the pulmonary arteries of 12 adult @entity1 (7 female). Eleven @entity1 had previous cardiac surgery. Median age at implantation was 32.5 years (range, 18.7-56.7 years) with median weight of 71.3 kg (range, 44.5-95 kg). Six @entity1 underwent bilateral pulmonary artery stenting. Median procedure time was 140 minutes (range, 76-263 minutes) and 4 @entity1 had other interventions performed during the same procedure. Median systolic pressure gradient across the narrowing's of 24 mmHg (range, 11-61 mmHg) was reduced to 3 mmHg (range, 0-17 mmHg) postprocedure (P < 0.001). Three @entity1 had @entity697 , one of whom required surgical removal. No @entity439 formation or significant stent @entity174 have been noted on median follow-up of 27.4 months (range, 1-97 months). Two @entity1 required reintervention with further stent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary artery stenting provides effective relief of narrowing in adults with @entity299 . Bilateral and/or multiple stenting are often required. @entity887 may occur particularly in @entity1 with associated significant @entity338 . (J Interven Cardiol 2011;24:373-377).

title: Medium-term outcomes for @entity3657 stenting in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Alongside the two conventional unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques, namely time-of-flight and phase-contrast MR angiography, several novel techniques have since been developed, including electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated fast spin echo (FSE), steady-state free precession (SSFP), and arterial spin labeling. These techniques are increasingly being used to avoid severe complications caused by contrast materials, such as iodinated contrast material-induced @entity8 and @entity2287 -induced @entity3040 systemic @entity82 . However, image acquisition and interpretation with these techniques are more complicated than with contrast-enhanced MR angiography because of numerous types of artifacts. Appropriate use of these techniques can allow diagnosis of @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity740 without using contrast materials. For example, time-of-flight angiography is the main technique for evaluating intracranial arteries. Phase-contrast imaging is increasingly being used for physiologic evaluation rather than morphologic evaluation. Meanwhile, ECG-gated FSE MR angiography can show peripheral arteries in more detail. SSFP MR angiography with or without arterial spin labeling can provide high-resolution images of blood vessels including renal arteries, the aorta, and coronary arteries. Black-blood imaging is also used to evaluate vessel walls and @entity5642 including plaque, dissection, and thrombi. The authors review the principles of the currently available unenhanced MR angiographic techniques, along with their advantages and limitations, and describe their clinical applications. This article should help readers select the most appropriate unenhanced MR angiographic technique to assess @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity740 . Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.312105075/-/DC1.

title: Unenhanced MR angiography: techniques and clinical applications in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3040 :: ('MESH:D018500', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Alongside the two conventional unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic techniques, namely time-of-flight and phase-contrast MR angiography, several novel techniques have since been developed, including electrocardiograph (ECG)-gated fast spin echo (FSE), steady-state free precession (SSFP), and arterial spin labeling. These techniques are increasingly being used to avoid severe complications caused by contrast materials, such as iodinated contrast material-induced @entity8 and @entity2287 -induced @entity3040 systemic @entity82 . However, image acquisition and interpretation with these techniques are more complicated than with contrast-enhanced MR angiography because of numerous types of artifacts. Appropriate use of these techniques can allow diagnosis of @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity740 without using contrast materials. For example, time-of-flight angiography is the main technique for evaluating intracranial arteries. Phase-contrast imaging is increasingly being used for physiologic evaluation rather than morphologic evaluation. Meanwhile, ECG-gated FSE MR angiography can show peripheral arteries in more detail. SSFP MR angiography with or without arterial spin labeling can provide high-resolution images of blood vessels including renal arteries, the aorta, and coronary arteries. Black-blood imaging is also used to evaluate vessel walls and @entity5642 including plaque, dissection, and thrombi. The authors review the principles of the currently available unenhanced MR angiographic techniques, along with their advantages and limitations, and describe their clinical applications. This article should help readers select the most appropriate unenhanced MR angiographic technique to assess @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity740 . Supplemental material available at http://radiographics.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/rg.312105075/-/DC1.

title: Unenhanced MR angiography: techniques and clinical applications in XXXX with @entity740 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The delivery of acupuncture alongside mainstream interventions and the cost-effectiveness of "alternative" treatments remain areas of controversy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of adding acupuncture to a course of advice and exercise delivered by UK National Health Service (NHS) physical therapists to @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee. DESIGN: A cost-utility analysis was performed alongside a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A total of 352 adults (aged 50 years or older) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 interventions. The primary analysis focused on @entity1 receiving advice and exercise (AE) or advice and exercise plus true acupuncture (AE+TA). A secondary analysis considered @entity1 receiving advice and exercise plus nonpenetrating acupuncture (AE+ @entity5563 ). The main outcome measures were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), measured by the EQ-5D, and UK NHS costs. RESULTS: were expressed as the incremental cost per QALY gained over 12 months. Sensitivity analyses included a broader cost perspective to incorporate private out-of-pocket costs. Results NHS costs were higher for AE+TA (  314 [British pounds sterling]) than for AE alone (  229), and the difference in mean QALYs favored AE+TA (mean difference=0.022). The base-case cost per QALY gained was   3,889; this value was associated with a 77% probability that AE+TA would be more cost-effective than AE at a threshold of   20,000 per QALY. Cost-utility data for AE+NPA provided cost-effectiveness estimates similar to those for AE+TA. LIMITATIONS: As with all trial-based economic evaluations, caution should be exercised when generalizing results beyond the study perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: A package of AE+TA delivered by NHS physical therapists provided a cost-effective use of health care resources despite an associated increase in costs. However, the economic benefits could not be attributed to the penetrating nature of conventional acupuncture; therefore, further research regarding the mechanisms of acupuncture is needed. An analysis of alternative cost perspectives suggested that the results are generalizable to other health care settings.

title: Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture care as an adjunct to exercise-based physical therapy for XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of thiopental were investigated in 5 female @entity1 who received a bolus intravenous dose of the drug for induction of anesthesia for gynecologic surgery. Blood samples were collected for 3 to 4 days after the dose. Plasma protein binding determinations were also carried out by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis on samples from a panel of healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of thiopental were determined by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. The coefficient of variation of the method was 2.8 per cent (n equals 10). In healthy volunteers, the plasma protein binding of thiopental was concentration dependent. Percentage bound ranged from 96.7 (n equals 4, @entity168 equals 0.8) at 150 micrograms/ml. Therefore, saturation of binding sites on rapid administration of the drug may occur, exposing vital organs to unexpectedly high concentrations of free drug. Values of the fraction of thiopental bound in plasma obtained from the surgical @entity1 during the hour following drug administration were similar to values obtained in healthy volunteers at comparable concentrations. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters obtained for thiopental in the surgical @entity1 were as follows: initial distribution volume 13.81 ( @entity168 equals 9.4), apparent volume of distribution 233 1 ( @entity168 equals 98), volume of distribution at steady state 97.51 ( @entity168 equals 40), elimination half-life 11.5 h ( @entity168 equals 1.0) and systemic plasma clearance 0.150 l/min ( @entity168 equals 0.063). None of these parameters correlated with body weight. Values reported by other workers vary from ours and this variation may be explained by the much shorter duration of blood collection used in those studies.

title: Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. I: Studies in surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During systematic laparotomies in @entity1 with @entity978 , the spleen is removed and multiple visceral biopsies (lymph nodes, liver, bone marrow) are done. In 58,8% of the cases, the spleen is normal. In 41,2% of the @entity1 , the spleen shows localizations of @entity978 . A tumoral spleen has sometimes a normal size (34,9% of the involved spleen). A huge spleen is not always involved by @entity5 (10% of the spleens without @entity5 ). When the spleen is tumoral, lymph node involvement is more frequent and more diffuse. Generally the liver is not involved when the spleen is not tumoral. Hepatic tumoral localizations are disclosed by biopsies in 16% of the @entity1 with @entity4558 . Bone marrow localization is found in 5,7% of the cases with @entity4558 . So exploratory laparotomy were precise pathological studies allow a better appreciation of the real extension of the lesions in @entity978 .

title: [Anatomo-pathologic study of biopsies taken in 250 exploratory laparotomies for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoral lesions', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic involvement']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is pivotal in @entity731 . Monocyte-macrophages are crucial in @entity731 . Monocytes can develop into subsets: classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated cells. Several studies point to a proinflammatory role for @entity1851 (CRP). Because there is a paucity of data on the effects of CRP on macrophage phenotype, we tested effects of CRP on macrophage polarization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monocytes were incubated with CRP (0 to 50  g/mL) and differentiated into macrophages for 7 days. Phenotypic characterization of M1 and M2 macrophages was performed using flow cytometry. CRP treatment resulted in increased population of M1 macrophages ( @entity5 necrosis factor [TNF]/interleukin [IL]-12/C-C chemokine receptor 2, TNF/IL-12/ @entity2842 , or TNF/ @entity1192 /IL-12). These effects were not abrogated by polymixin B or small interfering RNA to @entity2939 , but they were abrogated by boiled CRP. Administration of @entity1 CRP to @entity35 in vivo increased polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype compared with human serum albumin. When macrophages were primed to the M2 phenotype with @entity3646 , addition of CRP resulted in significantly increased secretion of @entity310 , @entity2842 , and @entity1192 and conversion of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. CRP failed to prime macrophages to the M1 phenotype in presence of @entity222 / @entity10685 small interfering RNA or dominant-negative nuclear factor kappa B. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results further support a role for CRP in promoting differentiation of @entity1 monocytes toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype.

title: XXXX polarizes @entity1 macrophages to an M1 phenotype and inhibits transformation to the M2 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammation is pivotal in @entity731 . Monocyte-macrophages are crucial in @entity731 . Monocytes can develop into subsets: classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated cells. Several studies point to a proinflammatory role for @entity1851 (CRP). Because there is a paucity of data on the effects of CRP on macrophage phenotype, we tested effects of CRP on macrophage polarization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monocytes were incubated with CRP (0 to 50  g/mL) and differentiated into macrophages for 7 days. Phenotypic characterization of M1 and M2 macrophages was performed using flow cytometry. CRP treatment resulted in increased population of M1 macrophages ( @entity5 necrosis factor [TNF]/interleukin [IL]-12/C-C chemokine receptor 2, TNF/IL-12/ @entity2842 , or TNF/ @entity1192 /IL-12). These effects were not abrogated by polymixin B or small interfering RNA to @entity2939 , but they were abrogated by boiled CRP. Administration of @entity1 CRP to @entity35 in vivo increased polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype compared with human serum albumin. When macrophages were primed to the M2 phenotype with @entity3646 , addition of CRP resulted in significantly increased secretion of @entity310 , @entity2842 , and @entity1192 and conversion of macrophages from the M2 to the M1 phenotype. CRP failed to prime macrophages to the M1 phenotype in presence of @entity222 / @entity10685 small interfering RNA or dominant-negative nuclear factor kappa B. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results further support a role for CRP in promoting differentiation of @entity1 monocytes toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype.

title: @entity1851 polarizes XXXX macrophages to an M1 phenotype and inhibits transformation to the M2 phenotype.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin is increasingly used to treat upper limb @entity508 due to @entity64 , but its impact on arm function is unclear. We evaluated botulinum toxin for upper limb @entity508 and function poststroke. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-three @entity1 with @entity64 with upper limb @entity508 and reduced arm function participated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received botulinum toxin type A injection(s) plus a 4-week therapy program. The control group received the therapy program alone. Repeat injection(s) and therapy were available at 3, 6, and 9 months. The primary outcome was @entity3140 at 1 month (Action Research Arm Test). Secondary outcomes included measures of impairment, activity limitation, and @entity158 at 1, 3, and 12 months. Outcome assessments were blinded and analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in achievement of improved arm function (Action Research Arm Test) at 1 month (intervention group: 42 of 167 [25.1%], control group 30 of 154 [19.5%]; P=0.232). Significant differences in favor of the intervention group were seen in muscle tone at 1 month; upper limb strength at 3 months; basic arm functional tasks (hand hygiene, facilitation of dressing) at 1, 3, and 12 months; and @entity158 at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin type A is unlikely to be useful for improving active @entity3140 (eg, reaching and grasping) in the majority of @entity1 with @entity508 after @entity64 , but it may improve basic upper limb tasks (hand hygiene, facilitation of dressing) and @entity158 .

title: Botulinum Toxin for the Upper Limb after XXXX (BoTULS) Trial: effect on impairment, activity limitation, and @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb function']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin is increasingly used to treat upper limb @entity508 due to @entity64 , but its impact on arm function is unclear. We evaluated botulinum toxin for upper limb @entity508 and function poststroke. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-three @entity1 with @entity64 with upper limb @entity508 and reduced arm function participated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received botulinum toxin type A injection(s) plus a 4-week therapy program. The control group received the therapy program alone. Repeat injection(s) and therapy were available at 3, 6, and 9 months. The primary outcome was @entity3140 at 1 month (Action Research Arm Test). Secondary outcomes included measures of impairment, activity limitation, and @entity158 at 1, 3, and 12 months. Outcome assessments were blinded and analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in achievement of improved arm function (Action Research Arm Test) at 1 month (intervention group: 42 of 167 [25.1%], control group 30 of 154 [19.5%]; P=0.232). Significant differences in favor of the intervention group were seen in muscle tone at 1 month; upper limb strength at 3 months; basic arm functional tasks (hand hygiene, facilitation of dressing) at 1, 3, and 12 months; and @entity158 at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin type A is unlikely to be useful for improving active @entity3140 (eg, reaching and grasping) in the majority of @entity1 with @entity508 after @entity64 , but it may improve basic upper limb tasks (hand hygiene, facilitation of dressing) and @entity158 .

title: Botulinum Toxin for the Upper Limb after @entity64 (BoTULS) Trial: effect on impairment, activity limitation, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Cell-cycle induction in hepatocytes protects from prolonged @entity3145 after @entity99 . @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 exhibit @entity99 after @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) exposure and reduced @entity637 production. Because @entity637 is required for prompt cell-cycle induction after @entity99 , here, we tested the hypothesis that @entity14745 is required for timely hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle after @entity14605 -induced @entity99 . @entity99 was induced by a single injection of @entity14605 . Assays were employed to assess indices of the cell cycle in liver after @entity14605 exposure. @entity1603 incorporation peaked in wild-type @entity19 at 48 h after @entity14605 but was reduced by 80% in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 . Proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemistry revealed blocks in cell-cycle entry and progression to DNA synthesis in @entity14745 -deficient @entity19 48 h after @entity14605 . @entity4698 D, important for G0/G1 progression, was reduced at baseline and 36 h after @entity14605 . @entity30516 , required for G1/S-phase transition, was reduced in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 24 and 48 h after @entity14605 exposure and was associated with reduced phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein. Proliferation in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 was delayed, rather than blocked, because indices of cell-cycle progression were restored 72 h after @entity14605 exposure. We concluded that @entity14745 was required for prompt cell-cycle entry (G0- to G1-phase) and G1/S-phase transition after @entity99 . These data support the hypothesis that @entity14745 provides hepatoprotection in the @entity14605 -injured liver, attributable, in part, to timely cell-cycle induction and progression.

title: @entity14745 is required for timely cell-cycle entry and progression in hepatocytes after acute XXXX exposure in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'liver injury', 'toxic liver injury', 'increased liver injury']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity4314 :: (MESH:D002251,Chemical) :: ['carbon tetrachloride']


abstract: Cell-cycle induction in hepatocytes protects from prolonged @entity3145 after @entity99 . @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 exhibit @entity99 after @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) exposure and reduced @entity637 production. Because @entity637 is required for prompt cell-cycle induction after @entity99 , here, we tested the hypothesis that @entity14745 is required for timely hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle after @entity14605 -induced @entity99 . @entity99 was induced by a single injection of @entity14605 . Assays were employed to assess indices of the cell cycle in liver after @entity14605 exposure. @entity1603 incorporation peaked in wild-type @entity19 at 48 h after @entity14605 but was reduced by 80% in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 . Proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemistry revealed blocks in cell-cycle entry and progression to DNA synthesis in @entity14745 -deficient @entity19 48 h after @entity14605 . @entity4698 D, important for G0/G1 progression, was reduced at baseline and 36 h after @entity14605 . @entity30516 , required for G1/S-phase transition, was reduced in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 24 and 48 h after @entity14605 exposure and was associated with reduced phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein. Proliferation in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 was delayed, rather than blocked, because indices of cell-cycle progression were restored 72 h after @entity14605 exposure. We concluded that @entity14745 was required for prompt cell-cycle entry (G0- to G1-phase) and G1/S-phase transition after @entity99 . These data support the hypothesis that @entity14745 provides hepatoprotection in the @entity14605 -injured liver, attributable, in part, to timely cell-cycle induction and progression.

title: XXXX is required for timely cell-cycle entry and progression in hepatocytes after acute @entity4314 exposure in @entity19 .

answer: @entity14745 :: (13653(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Early growth response (EGR)-1']


abstract: Cell-cycle induction in hepatocytes protects from prolonged @entity3145 after @entity99 . @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 exhibit @entity99 after @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) exposure and reduced @entity637 production. Because @entity637 is required for prompt cell-cycle induction after @entity99 , here, we tested the hypothesis that @entity14745 is required for timely hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle after @entity14605 -induced @entity99 . @entity99 was induced by a single injection of @entity14605 . Assays were employed to assess indices of the cell cycle in liver after @entity14605 exposure. @entity1603 incorporation peaked in wild-type @entity19 at 48 h after @entity14605 but was reduced by 80% in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 . Proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemistry revealed blocks in cell-cycle entry and progression to DNA synthesis in @entity14745 -deficient @entity19 48 h after @entity14605 . @entity4698 D, important for G0/G1 progression, was reduced at baseline and 36 h after @entity14605 . @entity30516 , required for G1/S-phase transition, was reduced in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 24 and 48 h after @entity14605 exposure and was associated with reduced phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein. Proliferation in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 was delayed, rather than blocked, because indices of cell-cycle progression were restored 72 h after @entity14605 exposure. We concluded that @entity14745 was required for prompt cell-cycle entry (G0- to G1-phase) and G1/S-phase transition after @entity99 . These data support the hypothesis that @entity14745 provides hepatoprotection in the @entity14605 -injured liver, attributable, in part, to timely cell-cycle induction and progression.

title: @entity14745 is required for timely cell-cycle entry and progression in hepatocytes after acute @entity4314 exposure in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased distribution of crystalloid solution into the interstitial space may decrease the effectiveness of intravascular volume loading in @entity1 . We investigated whether preoperative hydration status after overnight fasting affects interstitial fluid redistribution and thus the magnitude of @entity551 during general anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty ASA physical status I/II @entity1 undergoing tympanoplasty fasted from midnight. Anesthesia was induced by @entity3575 and @entity1875 and maintained with @entity2614 and @entity1937 . Coinciding with the induction of anesthesia, 15 mL/kg acetated Ringer solution was infused IV over 60 minutes followed by 1 mL/kg acetated Ringer solution over the next 30 minutes. Urine osmolalities after induction of anesthesia and during the study period (pre-U( @entity9255 ), post-U( @entity9255 )) and percent decreases of whole-body bioelectrical resistance for extracellular fluid relative to baseline at the end of the study period (/\R(e)) were measured. @entity1 with a pre-U( @entity9255 ) < the 25th percentile or with a pre-U( @entity9255 ) > the 75th percentile of pre-U( @entity9255 ) were categorized in the hydrated or the dehydrated group, respectively. A range of variables, including mean arterial blood pressure during the 30- to 90-minute period relative to baseline, and /\R(e), were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The dehydrated group (pre-U( @entity9255 ) >759.5 mOsm/kg, n = 15) had a lower age (44 vs 52 years, P = 0.049) and had a higher post-U( @entity9255 ) (181 vs 55 mOsm/kg, P = 0.001) compared with the hydrated group (pre-U( @entity9255 ) <378.5 mOsm/kg, n = 15). Mean arterial blood pressure during the 30- to 90-minute period relative to baseline (0.67 vs 0.67, P = 0.85) with 95% confidence interval for the difference of means (-0.070 to 0.084) and /\R(e) (5.6% vs 6.0%, P = 0.58) with 95% confidence interval for the difference of means (-1.85% to 1.06%) were similar for the hydrated and dehydrated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative dehydration after overnight fasting as measured by urine osmolality did not alter the magnitude of @entity551 during general anesthesia. This finding suggests that intravascular volume loading with crystalloid solution to prevent @entity551 during general anesthesia is an unfounded practice for low risk @entity1 after overnight fasting.

title: Hydration status after overnight fasting as measured by urine osmolality does not alter the magnitude of XXXX during general anesthesia in low risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased distribution of crystalloid solution into the interstitial space may decrease the effectiveness of intravascular volume loading in @entity1 . We investigated whether preoperative hydration status after overnight fasting affects interstitial fluid redistribution and thus the magnitude of @entity551 during general anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty ASA physical status I/II @entity1 undergoing tympanoplasty fasted from midnight. Anesthesia was induced by @entity3575 and @entity1875 and maintained with @entity2614 and @entity1937 . Coinciding with the induction of anesthesia, 15 mL/kg acetated Ringer solution was infused IV over 60 minutes followed by 1 mL/kg acetated Ringer solution over the next 30 minutes. Urine osmolalities after induction of anesthesia and during the study period (pre-U( @entity9255 ), post-U( @entity9255 )) and percent decreases of whole-body bioelectrical resistance for extracellular fluid relative to baseline at the end of the study period (/\R(e)) were measured. @entity1 with a pre-U( @entity9255 ) < the 25th percentile or with a pre-U( @entity9255 ) > the 75th percentile of pre-U( @entity9255 ) were categorized in the hydrated or the dehydrated group, respectively. A range of variables, including mean arterial blood pressure during the 30- to 90-minute period relative to baseline, and /\R(e), were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The dehydrated group (pre-U( @entity9255 ) >759.5 mOsm/kg, n = 15) had a lower age (44 vs 52 years, P = 0.049) and had a higher post-U( @entity9255 ) (181 vs 55 mOsm/kg, P = 0.001) compared with the hydrated group (pre-U( @entity9255 ) <378.5 mOsm/kg, n = 15). Mean arterial blood pressure during the 30- to 90-minute period relative to baseline (0.67 vs 0.67, P = 0.85) with 95% confidence interval for the difference of means (-0.070 to 0.084) and /\R(e) (5.6% vs 6.0%, P = 0.58) with 95% confidence interval for the difference of means (-1.85% to 1.06%) were similar for the hydrated and dehydrated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative dehydration after overnight fasting as measured by urine osmolality did not alter the magnitude of @entity551 during general anesthesia. This finding suggests that intravascular volume loading with crystalloid solution to prevent @entity551 during general anesthesia is an unfounded practice for low risk @entity1 after overnight fasting.

title: Hydration status after overnight fasting as measured by urine osmolality does not alter the magnitude of @entity551 during general anesthesia in low risk XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Normal unstimulated @entity19 lymph node lymphocytes (LNLs) migrated into filters in a gradient of @entity73007 ( @entity73007 ), heat-inactivated mouse serum (HI- @entity15 ), or zymosan-activated mouse serum (ZAS). Blind well chemotaxis chambers with 5-micrometer pore size cellulose @entity1507 membranes were used. Migration was assessed both by the leading front technique and the mean aggregate number. A concentration of 2.5 x 10(6) LNLs/ml or greater was needed to detect migration. Migration of LNLs to 1% @entity73007 was time dependent and was inhibited by @entity2389 . Comparison of the migration patterns of LNLs, neutrophils, and macrophages revealed that all cell types were responsive to @entity73007 . LNLs responded as well to HI- @entity15 as they did to @entity73007 , neutrophils responded less well to HI- @entity15 than to @entity10843 , and macrophages did not respond to HI- @entity15 . The LNL response to ZAS was significantly greater than the response to @entity73007 to HI- @entity15 and neutrophils and macrophages also responded strongly to ZAS. The migration of LNLs from various @entity19 strains to @entity73007 revealed that the LNLs from different @entity19 strains possess varying degree of motility. The factor in mouse serum which induced migration was not strain specific. The LNLs from peripheral (inguinal, axillary, and brachial) nodes demonstrated greater motility in response to @entity73007 than mesenteric LNLs. Using the checkerboard assay to discriminate chemotaxis from chemokinesis, mouse serum appeared to be solely chemokinetic when the leading front technique was used. However, using the mean aggregate number technique, mouse serum was determined to be both chemokinetic acid chemotactic for LNLs. The results indicate that the method can be reliably used to study those factors which influence the motility of normal or altered populations of lymphocytes.

title: Migration of XXXX lymphocytes in vitro. I. Normal lymph node lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity73007 :: ('MESH:D004482', 'Disease') :: ['normal mouse serum', 'NMS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) is a severe and rare disease, characterized by hematopoietic @entity2131 and @entity1897 . The pathophysiology is immune mediated in most cases, activated T1 lymphocytes have been identified as effector cells. The disease can be successfully treated with combined immunosuppressive therapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) is a syndrome of @entity2131 following the development of @entity99 . @entity2150 syndrome most often affects young males who presented severe @entity3043 two to three months after an episode of @entity99 . The clinical course of @entity99 is more frequently benign but a fulminant severe course is also described. The @entity2131 can be explosive and severe and it is usually fatal if untreated, no correlations have been observed between severity of @entity99 and @entity5066 . In none of the studies a specific virus could be identified and most cases are seronegative for known @entity99 viruses. The clinical characteristics and response to immunotherapy indicate a central role for immune-mediated mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity2150 . The initial target organ of the immune response is the liver as suggested by the time interval between @entity99 and the onset of @entity2131 . Liver histology is characterized by T cell infiltrating the parenchyma as reported in @entity99 . Recently in @entity2150 it has been demonstrated intrahepatic and blood lymphocytes with T cell repertoire similar to that of confirmed viral @entity99 . The expanded T cell clones return to a normal distribution after response to immunosuppressive treatment, suggesting the antigen or T cell clearance. Therapeutic options are the same as acquired @entity2150 .

title: Aplastica anemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis', 'hepatitis', 'acute seronegative hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired aplastic anemia', 'HAA', 'aplastic anemia', 'aAA', 'Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['viral hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Black thyroid is a rare condition. It has been considered to be pathognomonic of chronic minocycline ingestion for more than 30 years, although it can also occur in @entity1 with @entity9595 , @entity27553 , @entity1577 , and @entity548 . A possible association of black thyroid with @entity259 has been considered, but no direct causal relationship has been established. Hence, the purpose of this article was to identify the malignant potential of such glands. METHODS: A retrospective medical chart review was performed on 433 @entity1 who underwent thyroid surgery at Tulane University Medical Center from 2001 to 2008. @entity1 were grouped based on pathology: (1) benign, (2) @entity1377 , and (3) @entity3557 . RESULTS: At surgery, 63 @entity1 (15%) with black thyroid gland were found to have thyroid nodules. Among these nodules, 22 (35%) were benign, 21 (33%) contained @entity3557 , and 20 (32%) had a non-papillary thyroid @entity5 . Nodules in black thyroids were associated with higher risk of @entity5 than nodules in non-black thyroids (p = .0001). Further analysis of the @entity3557 group showed no statistical difference in regard to @entity5 size or evidence of multifocality of disease. CONCLUSION: The finding of a black thyroid gland is unusual and disconcerting. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at documenting the malignant potential of black thyroid glands. This report documents that the risk of @entity5 is higher in black thyroid compared to non-black thyroid glands. Furthermore, among those with @entity3557 , the presence of the pigment did not correlate with @entity5 , multifocality, or @entity5 size.

title: XXXX in black thyroids.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'papillary thyroid cancer', 'non-papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity27553 :: ('MESH:D009794', 'Disease') :: ['ochronosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['mucoviscidosis']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The current study examined the preliminary efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy ( @entity20207 ) adapted for concurrent @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ). METHOD: A matched randomized controlled trial was carried out with 25 female outpatients diagnosed with concurrent @entity2613 and SUD. @entity1 randomized to the intervention condition received @entity20207 , whereas those randomized to the control condition received treatment as usual (TAU), both for a period of 1   year. A series of measures related to @entity1277 , substance use and @entity308 were administered to the @entity1 at the beginning of treatment and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months into treatment, followed by 3-month and 6-month follow-up assessments. FINDINGS: @entity1 randomized to the @entity20207 condition evidenced a superior retention rate relative to their counterparts in the TAU condition at various study time points, including post-treatment (80% versus 20%) and follow-up (60% versus 20%). Due to the unexpected elevated dropout rates and the worsening of @entity2613 -SUD symptomatology in the TAU condition, recruitment efforts were terminated early. Results from the @entity20207 condition revealed that the intervention had a significant positive effect on behavioural and attitudinal features of @entity1277 , substance use severity and use, negative mood regulation and @entity308 . Finally, increases in @entity1 ' perceived ability to regulate and cope with negative emotional states were significantly associated with @entity1277 and increases in levels of confidence in ability to resist urges for substance use. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the adapted @entity20207 might hold promise for treating individuals with concurrent @entity2613 and SUD. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: The current study is the first study to report positive effects of @entity20207 on individuals with concurrent eating and @entity734 . Although the results require replication and extension, they suggest that the @entity20207 may be promising for this population. The results suggest that clinicians treating individuals with concurrent eating and substance use problems should be particularly cautious of poor treatment retention and treatment complications. The results bear upon the highly salient and important issue of whether individuals with concurrent substance use need to be excluded from research studies and treatment programmes.

title: Outcome of dialectical behaviour therapy for concurrent eating and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders', 'disordered eating', 'decreases in emotional eating']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SUDs', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance use disorders']


abstract: The survival and the remission length of a group of 122 adult @entity1 with @entity706 have been studied: 45 Hodgkin (HG) and 77 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The difference between the survival medians of the two groups turned out statistically significant (74.5 for HG cases and 43 for @entity1893 ). Non significant survival differences were detected among HG with "favourable" and those with "non-favourable" histology. Determinant for the survival was the obtention of the complete remission both in HG and in @entity1893 . As far as the treatment is concerned in relation to the stage, HG were broken down into three groups: radiotherapy alone, chemo + radiotherapy, chemotherapy only. The highest percentage of complete remissions (RC) was obtained in the group chemo + radiotherapy (100% of the treated) versus 80% on the group with the only radiotherapy and 53.3% of that with the only chemotherapy. The median length of the RC was, however, higher in the @entity1 treated with chemotherapy alone. After relapse a new RC easily obtained with chemotherapeutic treatment in the @entity1 treated with only radiotherapy in comparison with those already submitted to chemotherapy. As far as @entity1893 is concerned, they were broken down according to the main histotype in lymphocytic and histiocytic. The groups, according to the treatment turned out two: radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone. The difference between the survival medians turned out highly statistically significant (43 and 36 cases respectively). Also statistically significant, but in favor of th histiocytic cases, the percentage of the @entity1 who maintained the CR (27 cases the lymphocytic versus 60 for the histiocytic) this in agreement with the literature data, according to which, even being the histotypes with the most unfavourable prognosis, the histiocytic, once attained the CR, tend to maintain the same, more longer in time, in comparison with the forms with favourable histology. The chemotherapeutic combinations employed by us are subsequently outlined extensively.

title: [Length of remission and survival in a group of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHG', 'non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphomas']