abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although much is known about the neural mechanisms responsible for the mnemonic effects of 17b-estradiol (E2 ), very little is understood about the mechanisms through which @entity1420 (P4 ) regulates memory. We previously showed that intrahippocampal infusion of P4 in ovariectomized female @entity19 enhances object recognition (OR) memory consolidation in a manner dependent on activation of dorsal hippocampal @entity13436 and @entity3470 signaling. However, the role of specific @entity1420 receptors (PRs) in mediating the effects of @entity1420 on memory consolidation and hippocampal cell signaling are unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were to investigate the roles of membrane-associated and intracellular PRs in mediating hippocampal memory consolidation, and identify downstream cell signaling pathways activated by PRs. Membrane-associated PRs were targeted using bovine serum albumin-conjugated @entity1420 (BSA-P), and intracellular PRs ( @entity27350 , @entity1061 ) were targeted using the intracellular PR agonist @entity18074 . Immediately after OR training, ovariectomized @entity19 received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusion of vehicle, P4 , BSA-P, or @entity18074 . OR memory consolidation was enhanced by P4 , BSA-P, and @entity18074 . However, only P4 and BSA-P activated @entity13436 and @entity3470 signaling. Furthermore, dorsal hippocampal infusion of the @entity13436 inhibitor @entity5732 blocked the memory-enhancing effects of BSA-P, but not @entity18074 . The intracellular PR antagonist @entity3927 blocked the memory-enhancing effects of @entity18074 , but not BSA-P. Interestingly, P4 robustly activated canonical Wnt signaling in the dorsal hippocampus, which is consistent with our recent findings that canonical Wnt signaling is necessary for OR memory consolidation. @entity18074 , but not BSA-P, also elicited a modest increase in canonical Wnt signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of @entity13436 signaling is necessary for membrane-associated PRs to enhance OR, and indicate a role for canonical Wnt signaling in the memory-enhancing effects of intracellular PRs. This study provides the first evidence that membrane and intracellular PRs may employ different molecular mechanisms to enhance hippocampal memory.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The XXXX and canonical Wnt signaling pathways mediate the mnemonic effects of @entity1420 in the dorsal hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although much is known about the neural mechanisms responsible for the mnemonic effects of 17b-estradiol (E2 ), very little is understood about the mechanisms through which @entity1420 (P4 ) regulates memory. We previously showed that intrahippocampal infusion of P4 in ovariectomized female @entity19 enhances object recognition (OR) memory consolidation in a manner dependent on activation of dorsal hippocampal @entity13436 and @entity3470 signaling. However, the role of specific @entity1420 receptors (PRs) in mediating the effects of @entity1420 on memory consolidation and hippocampal cell signaling are unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were to investigate the roles of membrane-associated and intracellular PRs in mediating hippocampal memory consolidation, and identify downstream cell signaling pathways activated by PRs. Membrane-associated PRs were targeted using bovine serum albumin-conjugated @entity1420 (BSA-P), and intracellular PRs ( @entity27350 , @entity1061 ) were targeted using the intracellular PR agonist @entity18074 . Immediately after OR training, ovariectomized @entity19 received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusion of vehicle, P4 , BSA-P, or @entity18074 . OR memory consolidation was enhanced by P4 , BSA-P, and @entity18074 . However, only P4 and BSA-P activated @entity13436 and @entity3470 signaling. Furthermore, dorsal hippocampal infusion of the @entity13436 inhibitor @entity5732 blocked the memory-enhancing effects of BSA-P, but not @entity18074 . The intracellular PR antagonist @entity3927 blocked the memory-enhancing effects of @entity18074 , but not BSA-P. Interestingly, P4 robustly activated canonical Wnt signaling in the dorsal hippocampus, which is consistent with our recent findings that canonical Wnt signaling is necessary for OR memory consolidation. @entity18074 , but not BSA-P, also elicited a modest increase in canonical Wnt signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of @entity13436 signaling is necessary for membrane-associated PRs to enhance OR, and indicate a role for canonical Wnt signaling in the memory-enhancing effects of intracellular PRs. This study provides the first evidence that membrane and intracellular PRs may employ different molecular mechanisms to enhance hippocampal memory.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The @entity3470 and canonical Wnt signaling pathways mediate the mnemonic effects of XXXX in the dorsal hippocampus.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the fifth most common @entity5 . An important approach to control @entity157 is chemoprevention. This study aims at investigating the antitumor effect of @entity19316 ( @entity8312 ). @entity35 were injected with @entity107 ( @entity108 ) to establish @entity157 . Tumor development was observed. Liver function was evaluated. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest-related makers and signaling cascades were determined by Western blot, RT-PCR and flow cytometric analysis. The administration of @entity8312 could significantly inhibit @entity5 development in @entity108 -induced @entity157 @entity35 , shown by reduced incidence of @entity5 , decreased number of @entity5 nodules and reduced maximal size of @entity5 . @entity108 -induced increase of @entity5906 aminotransferase, @entity3929 aminotransferase, @entity880 dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly inhibited by @entity8312 . @entity8312 exhibited inhibitory effect on @entity157 through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in @entity35 . @entity8312 induced apoptosis through increasing @entity2310 , decreasing @entity1976 , increasing the release of cytochrome c, and activating caspase, which consisted of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. @entity8312 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of @entity25962 / @entity21077 . In addition, inhibition of Akt and ERK signaling and the antioxidant activities of @entity8312 may also contribute to its antitumor effect. These data provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of @entity8312 .

title: INHIBITORY EFFECT OF XXXX ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: POSSIBLE ROLE OF APOPTOSIS AND CELL CYCLE ARREST.

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethylpyrazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Nitrosodiethylamine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity19316 :: (MESH:C017953,Chemical) :: ['TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE']


abstract: Abstract @entity1943 subtype-4 receptors ( @entity63793 ) inhibit L-type @entity460 channel currents (ICa) in @entity2479 cells (RGCs). Here we identify the signaling pathways involved in @entity63793 stimulation leading to suppression of ICa in RGCs. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made on isolated immunopanned RGCs using barium as a charge carrier to isolate ICa. Application of the selective @entity63793 agonist, L-803 (10  nM), reduced ICa by @entity19 %. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (Gi/o inhibitor) did not prevent the action of L-803, which reduced ICa by 34.7%. To determine the involvement of Gby subunits after @entity63793 activation, depolarizing pre-pulse facilitation paradigms were used to remove voltage-dependent inhibition of @entity460 channels. Pre-pulse facilitation did not reverse the inhibitory effects of L-803 on ICa (8.4  vs. 8.8% reductions, ctrl vs. L-803); however, pharmacologic inhibition of Gby reduced ICa suppression by L-803 (23.0%, p<0.05). Inhibition of @entity6164 ( @entity11009 ; GFX) showed a concentration-dependent effect in preventing the action of L-803 on ICa (1   M GFX, 34.3%; 5   M GFX, 14.6%, p<0.05). When both @entity6164 and Gby were inhibited, the effects of L-803 on ICa were blocked (1.8%, p<0.05). These results suggest that @entity63793 stimulation modulates RGC @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 activation. Since reducing intracellular @entity141 is known to be neuroprotective in RGCs, modulating these @entity63793 signaling pathways may provide insights to the discovery of unique therapeutic targets to reduce intracellular @entity141 levels in RGCs.

title: @entity1943 receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type XXXX channels via Gby and @entity6164 signaling in rat @entity2479 cells.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Abstract @entity1943 subtype-4 receptors ( @entity63793 ) inhibit L-type @entity460 channel currents (ICa) in @entity2479 cells (RGCs). Here we identify the signaling pathways involved in @entity63793 stimulation leading to suppression of ICa in RGCs. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made on isolated immunopanned RGCs using barium as a charge carrier to isolate ICa. Application of the selective @entity63793 agonist, L-803 (10  nM), reduced ICa by @entity19 %. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (Gi/o inhibitor) did not prevent the action of L-803, which reduced ICa by 34.7%. To determine the involvement of Gby subunits after @entity63793 activation, depolarizing pre-pulse facilitation paradigms were used to remove voltage-dependent inhibition of @entity460 channels. Pre-pulse facilitation did not reverse the inhibitory effects of L-803 on ICa (8.4  vs. 8.8% reductions, ctrl vs. L-803); however, pharmacologic inhibition of Gby reduced ICa suppression by L-803 (23.0%, p<0.05). Inhibition of @entity6164 ( @entity11009 ; GFX) showed a concentration-dependent effect in preventing the action of L-803 on ICa (1   M GFX, 34.3%; 5   M GFX, 14.6%, p<0.05). When both @entity6164 and Gby were inhibited, the effects of L-803 on ICa were blocked (1.8%, p<0.05). These results suggest that @entity63793 stimulation modulates RGC @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 activation. Since reducing intracellular @entity141 is known to be neuroprotective in RGCs, modulating these @entity63793 signaling pathways may provide insights to the discovery of unique therapeutic targets to reduce intracellular @entity141 levels in RGCs.

title: XXXX receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 signaling in rat @entity2479 cells.

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: Abstract @entity1943 subtype-4 receptors ( @entity63793 ) inhibit L-type @entity460 channel currents (ICa) in @entity2479 cells (RGCs). Here we identify the signaling pathways involved in @entity63793 stimulation leading to suppression of ICa in RGCs. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made on isolated immunopanned RGCs using barium as a charge carrier to isolate ICa. Application of the selective @entity63793 agonist, L-803 (10  nM), reduced ICa by @entity19 %. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (Gi/o inhibitor) did not prevent the action of L-803, which reduced ICa by 34.7%. To determine the involvement of Gby subunits after @entity63793 activation, depolarizing pre-pulse facilitation paradigms were used to remove voltage-dependent inhibition of @entity460 channels. Pre-pulse facilitation did not reverse the inhibitory effects of L-803 on ICa (8.4  vs. 8.8% reductions, ctrl vs. L-803); however, pharmacologic inhibition of Gby reduced ICa suppression by L-803 (23.0%, p<0.05). Inhibition of @entity6164 ( @entity11009 ; GFX) showed a concentration-dependent effect in preventing the action of L-803 on ICa (1   M GFX, 34.3%; 5   M GFX, 14.6%, p<0.05). When both @entity6164 and Gby were inhibited, the effects of L-803 on ICa were blocked (1.8%, p<0.05). These results suggest that @entity63793 stimulation modulates RGC @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 activation. Since reducing intracellular @entity141 is known to be neuroprotective in RGCs, modulating these @entity63793 signaling pathways may provide insights to the discovery of unique therapeutic targets to reduce intracellular @entity141 levels in RGCs.

title: @entity1943 receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type @entity460 channels via Gby and XXXX signaling in rat @entity2479 cells.

answer: @entity6164 :: (MESH:C566847,Disease) :: ['PKC']


abstract: Abstract @entity1943 subtype-4 receptors ( @entity63793 ) inhibit L-type @entity460 channel currents (ICa) in @entity2479 cells (RGCs). Here we identify the signaling pathways involved in @entity63793 stimulation leading to suppression of ICa in RGCs. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made on isolated immunopanned RGCs using barium as a charge carrier to isolate ICa. Application of the selective @entity63793 agonist, L-803 (10  nM), reduced ICa by @entity19 %. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (Gi/o inhibitor) did not prevent the action of L-803, which reduced ICa by 34.7%. To determine the involvement of Gby subunits after @entity63793 activation, depolarizing pre-pulse facilitation paradigms were used to remove voltage-dependent inhibition of @entity460 channels. Pre-pulse facilitation did not reverse the inhibitory effects of L-803 on ICa (8.4  vs. 8.8% reductions, ctrl vs. L-803); however, pharmacologic inhibition of Gby reduced ICa suppression by L-803 (23.0%, p<0.05). Inhibition of @entity6164 ( @entity11009 ; GFX) showed a concentration-dependent effect in preventing the action of L-803 on ICa (1   M GFX, 34.3%; 5   M GFX, 14.6%, p<0.05). When both @entity6164 and Gby were inhibited, the effects of L-803 on ICa were blocked (1.8%, p<0.05). These results suggest that @entity63793 stimulation modulates RGC @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 activation. Since reducing intracellular @entity141 is known to be neuroprotective in RGCs, modulating these @entity63793 signaling pathways may provide insights to the discovery of unique therapeutic targets to reduce intracellular @entity141 levels in RGCs.

title: @entity1943 receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type @entity460 channels via Gby and @entity6164 signaling in rat XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: This article is part of a Special Issue (" @entity53 and cognition"). @entity172 have repeatedly been shown to influence a wide array of @entity146 , which in rodents are predominantly olfactory-mediated. @entity172 are involved in social behavior at multiple levels of processing, from the detection and integration of socially relevant olfactory information to more complex @entity146 , including social preferences, aggression and dominance, and learning and memory for social stimuli (e.g. social recognition and social learning). Three @entity172 receptors (ERs), @entity1782 , @entity1783 , and the @entity21841 ( @entity21841 ), differently affect these behaviors. Social recognition, @entity146 , and sexual preferences and mate choice, all requiring the integration of socially related olfactory information, seem to primarily involve @entity1782 , with @entity1783 playing a lesser, modulatory role. In contrast, social learning consistently responds differently to @entity172 manipulations than other @entity146 . This suggests differential ER involvement in brain regions important for specific @entity146 , such as the ventromedial and medial preoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in social preferences and aggression, the medial amygdala and hippocampus in social recognition, and the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in social learning. While the long-term effects of @entity1782 and @entity1783 on social behavior have been extensively investigated, our knowledge of the rapid, non-genomic, effects of @entity172 is more limited and suggests that they may mediate some @entity146 (e.g. social learning) differently from long-term effects. Further research is required to compare ER involvement in regulating social behavior in male and female animals, and to further elucidate the roles of the more recently described G protein-coupled ERs, both the @entity21841 and the Gq-mER.

title: XXXX involvement in social behavior in rodents: Rapid and long-term actions.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogens', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['social behaviors', 'territorial aggression']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity21841 :: ('2852', 'Gene') :: ['GPER1', 'G protein-coupled ER 1']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11627 ( @entity11627 ) is a rare @entity74 due to @entity15601 mutations. @entity11627 @entity1 suffer from many @entity4148 , dominated clinically by defective ventilatory automatisms. From birth, the life of @entity11627 @entity1 depends on ventilatory support during sleep, involving a high burden of care. Whether or not this impairs the quality of life of these @entity1 during adulthood remains unknown. METHODS: We applied the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) to 12 @entity11627 @entity1 aged 15-33 (9 @entity1 ) at the time of their passage from pediatric to adult care. Scores for the SF-36 dimensions were compared to the age- and gender-matched French reference population after transformation into standardized Z-scores. The SF-36 physical component summary score (PCS) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) were compared to American reference values. RESULTS: Median Z-scores were significantly different from zero for PF (physical functioning, p   =   0.020) and GH (general health perception, p   =   0.0342) and for PCS (p   =   0.020). The other physical dimensions ( @entity6391 , role limitation due to physical function; BP, @entity158 ) and the mental dimensions (VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role limitation due to emotional function; @entity8176 , mental health) and @entity1032 were not altered. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, despite the physical constraints imposed by @entity11627 and its anxiogenic nature, this disease is associated with an impairment of health-related quality of life in young adults that remains moderate. Whatever the underlying explanations, these results convey hope to parents with a @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11627 and for @entity1 themselves.

title: Health-related quality of life in young adults with XXXX due to @entity15601 mutations: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental component summary score', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity11627 :: ('MESH:C536209', 'Disease') :: ['CCHS', 'Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bodily pain']

answer: @entity11627 :: (MESH:C536209,Disease) :: ['congenital central hypoventilation syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11627 ( @entity11627 ) is a rare @entity74 due to @entity15601 mutations. @entity11627 @entity1 suffer from many @entity4148 , dominated clinically by defective ventilatory automatisms. From birth, the life of @entity11627 @entity1 depends on ventilatory support during sleep, involving a high burden of care. Whether or not this impairs the quality of life of these @entity1 during adulthood remains unknown. METHODS: We applied the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) to 12 @entity11627 @entity1 aged 15-33 (9 @entity1 ) at the time of their passage from pediatric to adult care. Scores for the SF-36 dimensions were compared to the age- and gender-matched French reference population after transformation into standardized Z-scores. The SF-36 physical component summary score (PCS) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) were compared to American reference values. RESULTS: Median Z-scores were significantly different from zero for PF (physical functioning, p   =   0.020) and GH (general health perception, p   =   0.0342) and for PCS (p   =   0.020). The other physical dimensions ( @entity6391 , role limitation due to physical function; BP, @entity158 ) and the mental dimensions (VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role limitation due to emotional function; @entity8176 , mental health) and @entity1032 were not altered. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, despite the physical constraints imposed by @entity11627 and its anxiogenic nature, this disease is associated with an impairment of health-related quality of life in young adults that remains moderate. Whatever the underlying explanations, these results convey hope to parents with a @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11627 and for @entity1 themselves.

title: Health-related quality of life in young adults with @entity11627 due to XXXX mutations: a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity15601 :: (8929,Gene) :: ['PHOX2B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In decision-making, an immediate reward is usually preferred to a delayed reward, even if the latter is larger. We tested whether the hippocampus is necessary for this form of temporal discounting, and for vicarious @entity2246 at the decision point. @entity35 were trained on a recently developed, adjustable delay-discounting task (Papale et al. (2012) Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 12:513-526), which featured a choice between a small, nearly immediate reward, and a larger, delayed reward. @entity35 then received either hippocampus or sham lesions. Animals with @entity75 adjusted the delay for the larger reward to a level similar to that of sham-lesioned animals, suggesting a similar valuation capacity. However, the hippocampus lesion group spent significantly longer investigating the small and large rewards in the first part of the sessions, and were less sensitive to changes in the amount of reward in the large reward maze arm. Both sham- and hippocampus-lesioned @entity35 showed a greater amount of vicarious @entity2246 on trials in which the delay was adjusted. In a nonadjusting version of the delay discounting task, animals with @entity75 showed more variability in their preference for a larger reward that was delayed by 10 s compared with sham-lesioned animals. To verify the lesion behaviorally, @entity35 were subsequently trained on a water maze task, and @entity35 with @entity75 were significantly impaired compared with sham-lesioned animals. The findings on the delay discounting tasks suggest that damage to the hippocampus may impair the detection of reward magnitude.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Hippocampus, delay discounting, and vicarious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampus lesions']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['trial-and-error']

answer: @entity2246 :: (MESH:D008661,Disease) :: ['trial-and-error']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are both used to resolve @entity1087 before surgery for perihilar @entity201 (PHC). PTBD has been associated with seeding metastases. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival (OS) and the incidence of initial seeding metastases that potentially influence survival in @entity1 with preoperative PTBD versus EBD. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2012, a total of 278 @entity1 underwent preoperative biliary drainage and resection of PHC at 2 institutions in the Netherlands and the United States. Of these, 33 @entity1 were excluded for postoperative mortality. Among the 245 included @entity1 , 88 @entity1 who underwent preoperative PTBD (with or without previous EBD) were compared to 157 @entity1 who underwent EBD only. Survival analysis was done with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression with propensity score adjustment. RESULTS: Unadjusted median OS was comparable between the PTBD group (35 months) and EBD-only group (41 months; P = 0.26). After adjustment for propensity score, OS between the PTBD group and EBD-only group was similar (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95 % confidence interval, 0.74-1.49; P = 0.80). Seeding metastases in the @entity2318 occurred as initial recurrence in 7 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 (3.4 %) in the PTBD group and 4 @entity1 (2.7 %) in the EBD-only group (P = 0.71). No @entity1 had an initial recurrence in percutaneous catheter tracts. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found no effect of PTBD on survival compared to @entity1 with EBD and no increase in seeding metastases that developed as initial recurrence. These data suggest that PTBD can safely be used in preoperative management of PHC.

title: Percutaneous Preoperative Biliary Drainage for Resectable XXXX : No Association with Survival and No Increase in Seeding Metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['laparotomy scar']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Introduction Universal @entity992 vaccination in Sicily was introduced in @entity1 population since 2003, with a rapidly increasing coverage. Aim of the present study was to analyze changes in the epidemiology of @entity992 since the introduction of universal vaccination. Methods The study was performed by analyzing Sicilian administrative/clinical data on @entity992 case notifications and hospitalizations from 2003 to 2012 (ICD-9-CM discharge diagnosis codes 052 and 052.*). MMR+V and V coverage were also calculated for each birth cohort. Moreover, blood samples drawn in 2013/2014 from general population stratified by age were tested for @entity992 antibodies. Results From 2003 to 2012, 15   433 @entity992 cases were notified with a decreasing temporal trend (1.1/1000 population in 2003 to 0.1/1000 in 2012) (P < 0.001). In the same period, a total of 1145 @entity1 were hospitalized with a @entity992 , with a 6-fold reduced risk of hospitalization over time (from 4.8 to 0.8/100   000 population per year; P < 0.001). Varicella vaccination coverage rates increased from 40% (2001 birth cohort) to 85% (2010 birth cohort), and inversely correlated with both notification and hospitalization rates (P < 0.001). Finally, 80.0% of subjects enrolled in the seroepidemiological survey were positive for @entity992 and seroprevalence increased significantly with age in both sexes (P < 0.001). Discussion The results show the impact of @entity1 universal @entity992 vaccination in Sicily. Noteworthy, notifications and hospitalizations for @entity992 have significantly decreased after the introduction of universal vaccination, confirming the effectiveness of the adopted strategy.

title: The impact of ten years of XXXX universal Varicella vaccination in Sicily, Italy (2003-2012).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['varicella', 'diagnosis of varicella']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: We present a retrospective audit of all arterial embolectomies performed at the East Glamorgan General Hospital over @entity8559 -year period (1980-1990). Eighty-seven @entity1 (47M:40F), mean age 67 years (50-90 years) underwent 95 embolectomies, an incidence consistent with previous studies. There were 17 upper and 71 @entity6250 with a mean delay before diagnosis of 29 h (range 1-264 h). In 66% of cases the cause was @entity955 ; 33% received immediate heparinization and 14% prophylactic antibiotics. Surgery was performed by a consultant in 12 and registrars in 75 cases, and under local anaesthesia in 80% and general anaesthesia in 20%. There was no anaesthetist present in 54% of cases. Few pre- or peroperative arteriograms were performed. The 30-day mortality was 45%, with an amputation rate of 15% and an overall postoperative complication rate of 62% with little improvement in these figures over the last 10 years. Factors increasing mortality were: delay before diagnosis, grade of surgeon performing the operation, and inadequate inflow or outflow at operation. Factors found to affect limb salvage rate adversely were a history of @entity613 , although such a history was not recorded in many cases, and lack of immediate preoperative heparinization. Although embolectomy is considered a 'registrar operation', reviewing our results it can be seen that it is an uncommon operation, in our series eight or nine being performed annually. Sometimes inappropriate surgery is performed upon @entity1 in whom severe @entity262 may contraindicate any form of surgical intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -year experience of arterial embolectomy in a district general hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb emboli']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity8559 :: (10238,Gene) :: ['An 11']


abstract: Intratumoral heterogeneous @entity4180 amplification (hetMNA) is an unusual event in @entity521 with unascertained biological and clinical implications. Diagnosis is based on the detection of @entity4180 amplification surrounded by non-amplified @entity5 cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To better define the genetic features of hetMNA @entity5 , we studied the Spanish cohort of @entity5 by FISH and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We compared hetMNA @entity5 with homogeneous MNA (homMNA) and nonMNA @entity5 with 11q deletion (nonMNA w11q-). Of 1091 @entity5 , 28 were hetMNA by FISH. Intratumoral heterogeneity of 1p, 2p, 11q and 17q was closely associated with hetMNA @entity5 when analyzing different pieces for each case. For chromosome 2, 16 cases showed 2p intact, 4 focal gain at 2p24.3 and 8 MNA. The lengths of the smallest regions of overlap (SROs) for 2p gains and 1p deletions were between the SRO lengths observed in homMNA and nonMNA w11q- @entity5 . Co-occurrence of 11q- and +17q was frequently found with the largest SROs for both aberrations. The evidence for and frequency of different genetic subpopulations representing a hallmark of the hetMNA subgroup of NB indicates, on one hand, the presence of a considerable genetic instability with different SRO of either gains and losses compared with those of the other NB groups and highlights and, on the other hand, the need for multiple sampling from distant and macroscopically and microscopically distinct @entity5 areas. Narrowing down the different SRO for both deletions and gains in NB groups would be crucial to pinpointing the candidate gene(s) and the critical gene dosage with prognostic and therapeutic significance. This complexity of segmental chromosomal aberration patterns reinforces the necessity for a larger cohort study using FISH and pangenomic techniques to develop a suitable therapeutic strategy for these @entity1 .

title: Comparative genetic study of intratumoral heterogenous XXXX amplified @entity521 versus aggressive genetic profile neuroblastic tumors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroblastic tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity4180 :: (4613,Gene) :: ['MYCN']


abstract: Intratumoral heterogeneous @entity4180 amplification (hetMNA) is an unusual event in @entity521 with unascertained biological and clinical implications. Diagnosis is based on the detection of @entity4180 amplification surrounded by non-amplified @entity5 cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To better define the genetic features of hetMNA @entity5 , we studied the Spanish cohort of @entity5 by FISH and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We compared hetMNA @entity5 with homogeneous MNA (homMNA) and nonMNA @entity5 with 11q deletion (nonMNA w11q-). Of 1091 @entity5 , 28 were hetMNA by FISH. Intratumoral heterogeneity of 1p, 2p, 11q and 17q was closely associated with hetMNA @entity5 when analyzing different pieces for each case. For chromosome 2, 16 cases showed 2p intact, 4 focal gain at 2p24.3 and 8 MNA. The lengths of the smallest regions of overlap (SROs) for 2p gains and 1p deletions were between the SRO lengths observed in homMNA and nonMNA w11q- @entity5 . Co-occurrence of 11q- and +17q was frequently found with the largest SROs for both aberrations. The evidence for and frequency of different genetic subpopulations representing a hallmark of the hetMNA subgroup of NB indicates, on one hand, the presence of a considerable genetic instability with different SRO of either gains and losses compared with those of the other NB groups and highlights and, on the other hand, the need for multiple sampling from distant and macroscopically and microscopically distinct @entity5 areas. Narrowing down the different SRO for both deletions and gains in NB groups would be crucial to pinpointing the candidate gene(s) and the critical gene dosage with prognostic and therapeutic significance. This complexity of segmental chromosomal aberration patterns reinforces the necessity for a larger cohort study using FISH and pangenomic techniques to develop a suitable therapeutic strategy for these @entity1 .

title: Comparative genetic study of intratumoral heterogenous @entity4180 amplified XXXX versus aggressive genetic profile neuroblastic tumors.

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8882 (matUPD(14)) resembles @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ). As positive effects of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) are observed in individuals with @entity6038 , treatment with @entity2124 may be useful in individuals with matUPD(14) as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity2124 treatment on growth and body composition in @entity1 with matUPD(14). DESIGN: This is a prospective observational study of @entity2124 treatment in two @entity1 with matUPD(14) during 2  years, and spontaneous growth in another matUPD(14) @entity1 of similar age. @entity1 : Three @entity1 ( @entity1 A, B and C, aged 8  9, 11  4 and 12  7  years, respectively) with matUPD(14) were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 A and B were treated with @entity2124 during 2  years. @entity1 C was not treated with @entity2124 , as she was diagnosed at an age at which she attained near-final height. Main outcome measures included height, weight, body proportions, @entity442 , bone age, and DXA scan for body composition. RESULTS: In both treated @entity1 , a considerable increase in height (from -2  3SD and -1  2SD to -1  2SD and -0  6SD, respectively) and @entity442 levels (from +0  1SD and -1  4SD to +1  3SD and +0  9SD, respectively) and, in @entity1 A, a decrease in weight (+1  2 SD to -0  7SD), and improved body composition (fat percentage from 51  5% to 45  4%) were found. Both experienced improved muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2124 treatment in matUPD(14) cases can show beneficial effects on growth and body composition if started in time. Larger, international studies to determine detailed effectivity and side effects are suggested.

title: Positive effect of @entity2124 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14']

answer: @entity8882 :: (MESH:D024182,Disease) :: ['maternal uniparental disomy chromosome 14']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8882 (matUPD(14)) resembles @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ). As positive effects of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) are observed in individuals with @entity6038 , treatment with @entity2124 may be useful in individuals with matUPD(14) as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity2124 treatment on growth and body composition in @entity1 with matUPD(14). DESIGN: This is a prospective observational study of @entity2124 treatment in two @entity1 with matUPD(14) during 2  years, and spontaneous growth in another matUPD(14) @entity1 of similar age. @entity1 : Three @entity1 ( @entity1 A, B and C, aged 8  9, 11  4 and 12  7  years, respectively) with matUPD(14) were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 A and B were treated with @entity2124 during 2  years. @entity1 C was not treated with @entity2124 , as she was diagnosed at an age at which she attained near-final height. Main outcome measures included height, weight, body proportions, @entity442 , bone age, and DXA scan for body composition. RESULTS: In both treated @entity1 , a considerable increase in height (from -2  3SD and -1  2SD to -1  2SD and -0  6SD, respectively) and @entity442 levels (from +0  1SD and -1  4SD to +1  3SD and +0  9SD, respectively) and, in @entity1 A, a decrease in weight (+1  2 SD to -0  7SD), and improved body composition (fat percentage from 51  5% to 45  4%) were found. Both experienced improved muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2124 treatment in matUPD(14) cases can show beneficial effects on growth and body composition if started in time. Larger, international studies to determine detailed effectivity and side effects are suggested.

title: Positive effect of XXXX treatment in @entity8882 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several therapeutic methods have been traditionally used in the treatment of displaced @entity6342 ; however, the indication of these treatments is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the medium-term functional results of four methods commonly used in the treatment of @entity6342 [conservative treatment, proximal humeral nails (PHN), @entity14423 ( @entity14423 ), and locking-plates (LP)] taking into consideration the type of @entity174 and the age of the @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on @entity1 with @entity6342 treated with one of the following methods: conservative treatment, PHN, @entity14423 , or LP. Functional results were assessed using the absolute Constant score and the disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand score (DASH). The functional outcome was analysed according to age (>= 65 years and <65 years) and @entity174 type (displaced 2-fragment and 3-4-fragment @entity174 ). RESULTS: A total of 113 @entity1 were included in the study, with a mean age of 65.3 SD 15.2 years and average follow-up time of 26.2 SD 12.6 months. @entity1 under 65 years had higher Constant scores when treated with PHN and @entity14423 than those treated conservatively (77.2 vs. 54.7, p=0.01 and 74.0 vs. 54.7, p=0.03, respectively). @entity1 above 65 years had higher Constant scores when treated with @entity14423 compared to PHN and conservative treatment (68.7 vs. 51.9, p=0.02 and 68.7 vs. 55.9, p=0.029, respectively). In 2-fragment @entity174 , @entity14423 resulted in higher Constant scores than conservative treatment (70.4 vs. 53.9, p=0.048). No differences were found in the final outcome between @entity1 treated with LP and those treated conservatively regardless of age, and @entity174 type. There were also no differences between any of the evaluated methods in the treatment of 3-4-fragment @entity174 . CONCLUSION: The use of @entity14423 was associated with better functional results than conservative treatment in individuals of all ages, especially in @entity1 with 2-fragment @entity174 ; @entity14423 also achieved better functional results than PHN in elderly @entity1 . PHN was superior to conservative treatment in young individuals. No significant differences were found between LP and conservative treatment in any of the analysed categories.

title: Displaced XXXX : When is surgery necessary?

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14423 :: ('MESH:D014813', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous K-wiring', 'PKW']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To report the characteristics and anti- @entity322 outcomes of @entity1 who fail to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated urodynamics (UDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, the records of @entity1 who underwent UDS prior to artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) were reviewed. The histories, UDS, endoscopies, and anti- @entity322 outcomes of @entity1 who failed to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated UDS were recorded. In our UDS protocol, the urodynamic urethral catheter was removed and the UDS was repeated to elicit @entity322 without the urethral catheter. The valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) was obtained via the rectal catheter in these @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were status post radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . Nineteen percent (32) of the study population (169) had non-demonstrable @entity322 on intubated UDS. Mean age at the time of UDS was 62 (range 48-81). All @entity1 demonstrated @entity322 on UDS upon removal of the urethral catheter. Their mean VLPP was 79.3 (SD 36.7). Fifty-six percent (18) of these @entity1 had an @entity850 ( @entity850 ) and 37.5% (12) had a history of radiotherapy treatment, of which six also had an @entity850 . Mean pads per day at the time of UDS was 4.6 (SD 2.9). At a mean follow up of 40.7 months (SD 24.7) from AUS placement, mean pads per day was 0.87 (SD 1.2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who fail to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated UDS have a high rate of @entity850 and history of radiotherapy treatment, which is a known cause for urethra @entity82 and @entity2318 . Regardless, these @entity1 can achieve excellent anti- @entity322 outcomes.

title: Characteristics and outcomes of XXXX who fail to leak on intubated urodynamics prior to artificial urinary sphincter placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of a sensitive method for the detection of @entity0 micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes is reported. METHODS: The method was based on amplification of @entity2355 mRNA, which encodes a core protein of @entity2355 , by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA, which was extracted from a @entity0 cell line (MCF-7), primary @entity0 , and axillary lymph nodes, was subjected to analysis of @entity2355 mRNA expression by the RT-PCR method. RESULTS: @entity2355 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in MCF-7 cells and in all 15 primary @entity0 but not in control lymph nodes taken from @entity1 with benign diseases. A serial dilution study revealed that @entity2355 RT-PCR was a very sensitive method, detecting one MCF-7 cell per 1,000,000 lymph node cells. The detection sensitivity of @entity2355 RT-PCR method was compared with that of immunohistochemical staining of an epithelial marker ( @entity2355 ). Fifty axillary lymph nodes were obtained from 15 @entity1 with primary @entity0 , and @entity3 in each lymph node was investigated by both methods. The immunohistochemical method demonstrated @entity3 in nine lymph nodes, and @entity2355 mRNA was detected in all of them. Of the 41 lymph nodes that were diagnosed to be devoid of @entity3 by immunohistochemistry, @entity2355 mRNA was expressed by 6 but not by the other 35, indicating the presence of micrometastases in these 6 lymph nodes that could be detected only by the @entity2355 RT-PCR method. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2355 RT-PCR method is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry for the detection of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. This new method would be of practical value in selecting the @entity1 at high risk for relapse from those who are histologically lymph node negative.

title: The detection of XXXX micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2355 :: ('4582', 'Gene') :: ['polymorphic epithelial mucin', 'MUC1']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity74 is rarely examined in populations of non-European and/or non- @entity7634 -American descent, especially in East Asian nations like China. Across two studies, the current investigation sets out to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of a widely used measure of hoarding symptoms-the Savings Inventory Revised (SIR)-and to explore the nature of hoarding beliefs compared to a separate US sample. PROCEDURES: For the first study, 1828 college students in China completed a Mandarin translation of the SIR and measures of @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity3119 . For the second study, 303 students from China and 87 students from the US completed the SIR and a novel hoarding beliefs questionnaire. FINDINGS: In the first study, the Chinese-version of the SIR demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity, as well as internal reliability and preliminary construct validity. However, evidence of temporal stability was modest and requires further investigation. In the second study, the Chinese sample endorsed greater hoarding symptoms and hoarding beliefs compared to the US sample, although only themes of usefulness and @entity5653 were associated with hoarding in the Chinese samples, whereas a wider range of beliefs was linked with hoarding in the US sample. In addition, the factor structure of the SIR from the first study did not replicate in second study, suggesting that construct validity of the Chinese SIR may require further corroboration. CONCLUSIONS: The current study established preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Chinese SIR, although future research is needed to confirm its temporal stability and factor structure. Hoarding beliefs in China may be centered on themes of usefulness and @entity5653 compared to more heterogeneous themes in the West, suggesting differential manifestations of hoarding tendencies in cultures of non-European and/or non- @entity7634 -American descent.

title: A consideration of XXXX symptoms in China.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Hoarding disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wastefulness']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hoarding disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Significant heterogeneity was highlighted in recent meta-analyses examining exercise effects in @entity5 @entity1 , suggesting that some characteristics may moderate exercise efficacy. The objectives of this meta-analysis are (1) to investigate the influence of methodology, population and intervention studies' characteristics on the association of exercise with @entity1295 , quality-of-life (QoL), @entity148 and @entity308 ; (2) to identify exercise intervention characteristics that may maximize efficacy and evaluate the level of evidence about exercise efficacy in @entity0 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating exercise were systematically identified. Population, intervention and methodology characteristics were extracted, coded by two independent investigators and tested as moderators of exercise effect in meta-regression models. Psychological outcomes summary effects were then computed by pooling subgroup of RCTs based on categorized moderators. RESULTS: Indications of selection bias (random sequence generation) or @entity6661 (high attrition rate, no intent-to-treat analysis) were associated with better exercise efficacy on QoL, @entity148 and @entity308 . Low total prescribed exercise doses (<140 METs.h) or short duration (<16  weeks) interventions yielded @entity1295 , @entity148 and @entity308 reductions whereas higher doses or duration did not. Mind-body interventions led to greater decrease of @entity1295 and @entity148 rather than aerobic/resistance-based interventions. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that exercise-based interventions may improve @entity1295 , QoL, @entity148 and @entity308 , but the evidence mainly rely on studies prone to methodological biases. A prescription of approximately 100 MET.h, e.g. ~120  min of weekly moderate physical exercise for 10  weeks involving mind-body activities, could be advised to maximize @entity1295 . Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Population-, intervention- and methodology-related characteristics of clinical trials impact exercise efficacy during adjuvant therapy for XXXX : a meta-regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue reduction', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition bias']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasotracheal intubation of @entity1 with @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 is a challenge for anesthesiologists. Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is the safest technique in @entity1 with difficult airway. This study compares 3 different techniques of conscious sedation during AFOI in @entity1 with @entity1348 @entity3947 . METHODS: This study comprised 54 @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1, scheduled for @entity1348 surgery. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity1937 group (n = 18, 0.75  g/kg over 30 seconds), @entity3652 group (n = 18, 0.25 mg/kg over 30 seconds), or @entity1875 group (n = 18, 0.5 mg/kg over 30 seconds) for conscious sedation. The main determinants affecting the @entity1 's outcome included intubation time, intubation conditions, and @entity1 discomfort, which were determined by scoring system. In addition, postoperative @entity1 dissatisfaction, hemodynamic stability, and @entity1576 were measured. RESULTS: Intubation times were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001), where @entity1937 had the shortest time (30.28 seconds). Intubation conditions (scores 0-3) were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001).In this context, @entity1937 had score 3 (2-3), which was higher compared with 2 (1-3) for @entity3652 and 2 (1-2) for @entity1875 . @entity1 discomfort score was lowest in the @entity1937 group. Hemodynamic stability was maintained within groups, and its changes were not significant (P > 0.05). Postoperative @entity1 's dissatisfaction was observed in 2, 3, and 5 @entity1 in @entity1937 , @entity3652 , and @entity1875 groups, respectively. @entity1576 ( @entity386 ) recorded lowest in the @entity1937 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1937 was the best agent for AFOI, because it provided shorter intubation time, better intubation conditions, and least @entity1 's complaint.Iranian registry no.: IRCT 201208061674N4 (www.irct.ir).

title: @entity1937 , XXXX , and @entity1875 in Awake Nasotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory impairment', 'respiratory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasotracheal intubation of @entity1 with @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 is a challenge for anesthesiologists. Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is the safest technique in @entity1 with difficult airway. This study compares 3 different techniques of conscious sedation during AFOI in @entity1 with @entity1348 @entity3947 . METHODS: This study comprised 54 @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1, scheduled for @entity1348 surgery. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity1937 group (n = 18, 0.75  g/kg over 30 seconds), @entity3652 group (n = 18, 0.25 mg/kg over 30 seconds), or @entity1875 group (n = 18, 0.5 mg/kg over 30 seconds) for conscious sedation. The main determinants affecting the @entity1 's outcome included intubation time, intubation conditions, and @entity1 discomfort, which were determined by scoring system. In addition, postoperative @entity1 dissatisfaction, hemodynamic stability, and @entity1576 were measured. RESULTS: Intubation times were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001), where @entity1937 had the shortest time (30.28 seconds). Intubation conditions (scores 0-3) were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001).In this context, @entity1937 had score 3 (2-3), which was higher compared with 2 (1-3) for @entity3652 and 2 (1-2) for @entity1875 . @entity1 discomfort score was lowest in the @entity1937 group. Hemodynamic stability was maintained within groups, and its changes were not significant (P > 0.05). Postoperative @entity1 's dissatisfaction was observed in 2, 3, and 5 @entity1 in @entity1937 , @entity3652 , and @entity1875 groups, respectively. @entity1576 ( @entity386 ) recorded lowest in the @entity1937 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1937 was the best agent for AFOI, because it provided shorter intubation time, better intubation conditions, and least @entity1 's complaint.Iranian registry no.: IRCT 201208061674N4 (www.irct.ir).

title: @entity1937 , @entity3652 , and XXXX in Awake Nasotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgery.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasotracheal intubation of @entity1 with @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) @entity3947 is a challenge for anesthesiologists. Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is the safest technique in @entity1 with difficult airway. This study compares 3 different techniques of conscious sedation during AFOI in @entity1 with @entity1348 @entity3947 . METHODS: This study comprised 54 @entity1 , American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1, scheduled for @entity1348 surgery. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity1937 group (n = 18, 0.75  g/kg over 30 seconds), @entity3652 group (n = 18, 0.25 mg/kg over 30 seconds), or @entity1875 group (n = 18, 0.5 mg/kg over 30 seconds) for conscious sedation. The main determinants affecting the @entity1 's outcome included intubation time, intubation conditions, and @entity1 discomfort, which were determined by scoring system. In addition, postoperative @entity1 dissatisfaction, hemodynamic stability, and @entity1576 were measured. RESULTS: Intubation times were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001), where @entity1937 had the shortest time (30.28 seconds). Intubation conditions (scores 0-3) were significantly different between groups (P < 0.001).In this context, @entity1937 had score 3 (2-3), which was higher compared with 2 (1-3) for @entity3652 and 2 (1-2) for @entity1875 . @entity1 discomfort score was lowest in the @entity1937 group. Hemodynamic stability was maintained within groups, and its changes were not significant (P > 0.05). Postoperative @entity1 's dissatisfaction was observed in 2, 3, and 5 @entity1 in @entity1937 , @entity3652 , and @entity1875 groups, respectively. @entity1576 ( @entity386 ) recorded lowest in the @entity1937 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1937 was the best agent for AFOI, because it provided shorter intubation time, better intubation conditions, and least @entity1 's complaint.Iranian registry no.: IRCT 201208061674N4 (www.irct.ir).

title: XXXX , @entity3652 , and @entity1875 in Awake Nasotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Surgery.

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['Remifentanil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) is increasing worldwide, mostly because of improved technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current status of CSII in Italy. Materials and Methods: Physicians from 272 @entity6 centers received a questionnaire investigating clinical features, pump technology, and management of @entity1 on CSII. Results: Two hundred seventeen centers (79.8%) joined the study and, by the end of April 2013, gave information about 10,152 @entity1 treated with CSII: 98.2% with @entity6 , 81.4% adults, 57% female, and 61% with a conventional pump versus 39% with a sensor-augmented pump. CSII advanced functions were used by 68% of @entity1 , and @entity413 sensors were used 12 days per month on average. Fifty-eight percent of @entity6 centers had more than 20 @entity1 on CSII, but there were differences among centers and among regions. The main indication for CSII was poor @entity413 control. Dropout was mainly due to pump wearability or nonoptimal glycemic control. Twenty-four hour assistance was guaranteed in 81% of centers. A full @entity6 team (physician+nurse+dietician+psychologist) was available in 23% of adult-care @entity6 centers and in 53% of pediatric @entity6 units. Conclusions: CSII keeps increasing in Italy. More work is needed to ensure uniform treatment strategies throughout the country and to improve pump use.

title: Continuous Subcutaneous XXXX Infusion in Italy: Third National Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 80,000 @entity1 undergo resection of a @entity2 each year, and the only method to determine if the @entity5 is malignant is histologic analysis. We propose that a targeted molecular contrast agent could bind @entity2220 , which could be identified using real-time optical imaging at the time of surgery. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with a biopsy-proven @entity2220 were enrolled. Before surgery, @entity1 were systemically administered 0.1 mg/kg of a fluorescent @entity1501 receptor alpha (FRa)-targeted molecular contrast agent by intravenous infusion. During surgery, @entity5 were imaged in situ and ex  vivo, after the lung parenchyma was dissected to directly expose the @entity5 to the imaging system. RESULTS: @entity5 ranged from 0.3 to 7.5 cm (mean: 2.6 cm), and 46 of 50 (92%) @entity2220 were fluorescent. No false uptake occurred, and in 2 cases, intraoperative imaging revealed @entity5 metastases (3 mm and 6 mm) that were not recognized preoperatively. Four @entity420 were not fluorescent, and immunohistochemistry showed that these @entity420 did not express FRa. @entity5 fluorescence was independent of nodule size, uptake of @entity8983 , histology, and @entity5 differentiation. Molecular imaging could identify only 7 of the 50 @entity420 in situ in the @entity1 without bisection. The most important predictor of the success of molecular imaging in locating the @entity5 in situ was the distance of the nodule from the pleural surface. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative molecular imaging with a targeted contrast agent can identify @entity2220 , and this technology is currently useful in @entity1 with @entity5 , irrespective of size. With further refinements, this tool may prove useful in locating @entity420 that are deeper in the lung parenchyma, in lymph nodes, and at pleural and resection margins.

title: Intraoperative molecular imaging can identify XXXX during pulmonary resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'subpleural tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8983 :: ('CHEBI:49134', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Existing brain-based emotion-cognition theories fail to explain arousal's ability to both enhance and impair cognitive processing. In the @entity3264 Amplifies Noradrenergic Effects (GANE) model outlined in this paper, we propose that arousal-induced @entity1063 (NE) released from the locus coeruleus (LC) biases perception and memory in favor of salient, high priority representations at the expense of lower priority representations. This increase in gain under phasic arousal occurs via synaptic self-regulation of NE based on @entity3264 levels. When the LC is phasically active, elevated levels of @entity3264 at the site of prioritized representations increase local NE release, creating "NE hot spots." At these local hot spots, @entity3264 and NE release are mutually enhancing and amplify activation of prioritized representations. This excitatory effect contrasts with widespread NE suppression of weaker representations via lateral and auto-inhibitory processes. On a broader scale, hot spots increase oscillatory synchronization across neural ensembles transmitting high priority information. Furthermore, key brain structures that detect or pre-determine stimulus priority interact with phasic NE release to preferentially route such information through large-scale functional brain networks. A surge of NE before, during or after encoding enhances synaptic plasticity at sites of high @entity3264 activity, triggering local protein synthesis processes that enhance selective memory consolidation. Together, these noradrenergic mechanisms increase perceptual and memory selectivity under arousal. Beyond explaining discrepancies in the emotion-cognition literature, GANE reconciles and extends previous influential theories of LC neuromodulation by highlighting how NE can produce such different outcomes in processing based on priority.

title: XXXX ignites local hot spots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate', 'glutamate']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics of the peritumoral pseudocapsule (PC) between @entity703 subtypes. METHODS: The peritumoral PCs of 160 pT1 @entity703 were examined, including 60 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), 50 papillary @entity1358 , 25 chromophobe @entity1358 , and 25 @entity1637 . Pathologic features (presence or absence of PC, mean thickness, continuity, and invasion by @entity5 ) were analyzed. PC thickness was measured using an ocular micrometer to the nearest 1/10  mm. RESULTS: A complete PC was found in 77% of clear cell @entity5 , 74% of papillary, 28% of chromophobe, and 4% of @entity1637 . @entity5 PC was present but incomplete in 18% of clear cell, 18% of papillary, 44% of chromophobe, and 56% of @entity1637 . The PC was entirely absent in no clear cell @entity5 , 6% of papillary, 28% of chromophobe, and 40% of @entity1637 . Mean PC thickness and presence of invasion beyond the PC differed significantly by @entity5 subtype. @entity37694 possessed the thickest PC showing invasion through the capsule in 8% of @entity5 compared to 30% of @entity5 . Complete PC invasion was not seen in chromophobe @entity1358 or @entity8880 . @entity1637 and chromophobe @entity1358 characteristically exhibited an incomplete or absent PC. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of peritumoral PC vary predictably with histologic subtype of @entity703 . @entity37694 shows the most consistent PC, with a lower rate of invasion beyond it compared to papillary @entity1358 . Chromophobe and @entity1637 characteristically have an incomplete or absent PC.

title: Characteristics of the Peritumoral Pseudocapsule Vary Predictably With Histologic Subtype of T1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma', 'oncocytomas', 'Oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCCs', 'RCC', 'clear cell renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity37694 :: ('MESH:C538445', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors', 'renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gonadotrophin  -releasing hormone ( @entity11745 ) agonists ( @entity4397 ) have been widely used to induce a state of downregulation for in  vitro fertilization, and its direct effects on the pituitary are well known. However, the effects of @entity4397 on the expression of anti  -mullerian hormone ( @entity11493 ) by follicles in varying stages in  vivo remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study 84  cyclic @entity19 were randomly divided equally into four @entity4397 groups and three cyclic @entity19 were used as a control group. The expression levels of @entity11493 in follicles of varying stages between days  0 and  7 following @entity4397 administration were quantified using immunohistochemistry. The expression of @entity11493 in follicles at various stages revealed dynamic changes during the process of downregulation. @entity11493 in primary follicles initially increased and then decreased gradually. In small and large preantral follicles and in granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding the oocyte of small antral follicles, the expression of @entity11493 began to increase on day  1, was attenuated on day  2, and then increased to a peak. The expression levels of @entity11493 in the GCs surrounding the basement membrane, in contrast to the GCs surrounding the oocyte, were significantly lower and did not increase on day  1. In all stages of follicles, the expression of @entity11493 declined gradually between the peak level and last day of downregulation. On day  7, the varying follicular stages all expressed lower levels of @entity11493 than on day  0. This decrease was more prominent in the higher dose groups, compared with the lower dose groups. In conclusion, @entity4397 was observed to induce time  -dependent changes in the expression of @entity11493 at varying follicular stages, which occurred in a dose  -dependent manner.

title: Effects of XXXX agonists on the expression of developmental follicular anti  -mullerian hormone in varying follicular stages in cyclic @entity19 in  vivo.

answer: @entity11745 :: (14714(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GnRH']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gonadotrophin  -releasing hormone ( @entity11745 ) agonists ( @entity4397 ) have been widely used to induce a state of downregulation for in  vitro fertilization, and its direct effects on the pituitary are well known. However, the effects of @entity4397 on the expression of anti  -mullerian hormone ( @entity11493 ) by follicles in varying stages in  vivo remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study 84  cyclic @entity19 were randomly divided equally into four @entity4397 groups and three cyclic @entity19 were used as a control group. The expression levels of @entity11493 in follicles of varying stages between days  0 and  7 following @entity4397 administration were quantified using immunohistochemistry. The expression of @entity11493 in follicles at various stages revealed dynamic changes during the process of downregulation. @entity11493 in primary follicles initially increased and then decreased gradually. In small and large preantral follicles and in granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding the oocyte of small antral follicles, the expression of @entity11493 began to increase on day  1, was attenuated on day  2, and then increased to a peak. The expression levels of @entity11493 in the GCs surrounding the basement membrane, in contrast to the GCs surrounding the oocyte, were significantly lower and did not increase on day  1. In all stages of follicles, the expression of @entity11493 declined gradually between the peak level and last day of downregulation. On day  7, the varying follicular stages all expressed lower levels of @entity11493 than on day  0. This decrease was more prominent in the higher dose groups, compared with the lower dose groups. In conclusion, @entity4397 was observed to induce time  -dependent changes in the expression of @entity11493 at varying follicular stages, which occurred in a dose  -dependent manner.

title: Effects of @entity11745 agonists on the expression of developmental follicular anti  -mullerian hormone in varying follicular stages in cyclic XXXX in  vivo.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2414 associated with @entity303 such as @entity195 is still inadequate and requires development of new drugs. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the memory enhancing effect of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. paniculatus seed oil was mixed with equal amount of pure ghee and administered orally to @entity19 in the dose of 200 mg/kg/day. @entity2475 was used as a standard nootropic. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests were used as a models to test spatial and fear memory respectively. @entity5591 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), was used as an amnestic agent. RESULTS: @entity19 receiving C. paniculatus showed significant memory enhancement as compared to @entity5591 group. The effect of C. paniculatus and combination of C. paniculatus with @entity2475 was comparable to that with @entity2475 alone. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that C. paniculatus seed oil has memory enhancing effect and hence can be developed as a potential drug in the treatment of @entity303 .

title: Effect of Jyoti   mat   seed oil on spatial and fear memory using XXXX induced amnesia in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine', 'Scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam', 'piracetam']

answer: @entity5591 :: (MESH:D012601,Chemical) :: ['scopolamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2414 associated with @entity303 such as @entity195 is still inadequate and requires development of new drugs. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the memory enhancing effect of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. paniculatus seed oil was mixed with equal amount of pure ghee and administered orally to @entity19 in the dose of 200 mg/kg/day. @entity2475 was used as a standard nootropic. Elevated plus maze and passive avoidance tests were used as a models to test spatial and fear memory respectively. @entity5591 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), was used as an amnestic agent. RESULTS: @entity19 receiving C. paniculatus showed significant memory enhancement as compared to @entity5591 group. The effect of C. paniculatus and combination of C. paniculatus with @entity2475 was comparable to that with @entity2475 alone. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that C. paniculatus seed oil has memory enhancing effect and hence can be developed as a potential drug in the treatment of @entity303 .

title: Effect of Jyoti   mat   seed oil on spatial and fear memory using @entity5591 induced amnesia in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) has been applied for single--subject evaluation of @entity419 uptake in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). In a single--subject framework, the @entity1 is compared to a dataset of @entity419 PET images from @entity392 ( @entity392 ) evaluating brain @entity209 . No studies exist that assess the effects on SPM analysis of @entity392 @entity419 PET datasets acquired from different subjects and using different PET scanners including the same or different PET scanners than those used for @entity1 . This work aims to elucidate this issue from a methodological perspective. METHODS: We considered six different @entity419 PET datasets, from different @entity392 populations, acquired by different PET scanners. We applied SPM5 procedures for single--subject comparison with each of the six @entity392 datasets in 10 probable @entity195 @entity1 showing the typical @entity419 pattern. We also implemented the same comparison in 3 probable @entity195 @entity1 and in 7 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity73 ( @entity73 ), showing subtle changes on visual inspection of @entity419 distribution. RESULTS: Considering the 10 @entity1 with the typical @entity419 pattern, the results were comparable for all the SPM maps. In the 3 probable @entity195 @entity1 with subtle changes in @entity419 distribution, no significant @entity195 pattern emerged when a small number (<20) of @entity392 was used, whereas a significant @entity195 pattern appeared when a large (>50) @entity392 image set was used. In the 7 considered @entity73 @entity1 the use of a large (>50) @entity392 image set allowed to assess significant hypo metabolic patterns related to a probable neurodegenerative pathology. CONCLUSION: The use of large @entity392 datasets of PET scans (>50) is recommended for single--subject SPM analysis. On condition that appropriate pre--processing steps are provided, large @entity392 datasets can include @entity392 images acquired with different PET systems, not including images from the same scanner of that used for @entity1 .

title: The impact of different 18FDG PET Healthy Subject scans for comparison with single XXXX in SPM analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'Mild Cognitive Impariment']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Vascular endothelium activated by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and cytokines plays an important role in organ @entity32 and blood leukocyte recruitment observed during @entity295 . Endothelial cells can be activated by LPS directly, after its interaction with LPS-binding protein and soluble @entity5750 in plasma. LPS-LPS-binding protein complexes in blood also interact with monocytes and neutrophils bearing @entity4495 (GPI) anchored membrane @entity5750 ( @entity5751 ), promoting the release of cytokines such as @entity5 @entity39 factor and @entity1192 ). These molecules, in turn, have the capacity to activate endothelial cells providing an indirect pathway for LPS-dependent endothelial cell activation. In this work, we address the relative importance of the direct and the indirect pathway of in vitro LPS-induced @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activation. Substituting whole blood for plasma resulted in a 1,000-fold enhancement of HUVEC sensitivity to LPS. Both blood- and plasma-dependent enhanced activation of HUVEC were blocked with an anti- @entity5750 monoclonal antibody. Blood from @entity1 with @entity7965 , whose cells lack @entity5751 and other GPI anchored proteins, was unable to enhance LPS activation of HUVEC above the level observed with plasma alone. @entity688 , an inhibitor of monocyte release of cytokines, decreased the blood-dependent enhancement of HUVEC activation by LPS. Blood adapted to small doses of LPS was also less efficient than nonadapted blood in producing this enhancement. Addition of purified mononuclear cells to HUVEC or the transfer of plasma from whole blood incubated with LPS to HUVEC, duplicated the enhancement effect observed when whole blood was incubated with HUVEC. Taken together, these data suggest that the indirect pathway of LPS activation of endothelial cell is mediated by monocytes and @entity5751 through the secretion of a soluble mediator(s). The indirect pathway is far more efficient than the direct, plasma-dependent pathway.

title: A critical role for monocytes and XXXX in endotoxin-induced endothelial cell activation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: Background  -Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 ( @entity15533 ) is an N-glycosylated membrane protein that catabolizes extracellular glutathione and other   -glutamyl-containing substrates. In a variety of disease states, including @entity5 formation, the enzyme is shed from the surface of the cell and can be detected in serum. The structures of the N-glycans on @entity1 @entity15533 ( @entity15533 ) have been shown to be tissue-specific. Tumor-specific changes in the glycans have also been observed, suggesting that the N-glycans on @entity15533 would be an important biomarker for detecting @entity5 and monitoring their progression during treatment. However, the large quantities of purified protein required to fully characterize the carbohydrate content poses a significant challenge for biomarker development. Herein, we investigated a new antibody-lectin sandwich array (ALSA) platform to determine whether this microanalytical technique could be applied to the characterization of N-glycan content of @entity15533 in complex biological samples.ResultsOur data show that @entity15533 can be isolated from detergent extracted membrane proteins by binding to the ALSA platform. Probing @entity15533 with lectins enables characterization of the N-glycans. We probed @entity15533 from normal @entity1 liver tissue, normal @entity1 kidney tissue, and @entity15533 expressed in the @entity375 @entity10056 . The lectin binding patterns obtained with the ALSA platform are consistent with the @entity15533 N-glycan composition obtained from previous large-scale @entity15533 N-glycan characterizations from these sources. We also validate the implementation of the @entity16589 lectin, microvirin, in this platform and provide refined evidence for its efficacy in specifically recognizing high-mannose-type N-glycans, a class of carbohydrate modification that is distinctive of @entity15533 expressed by many @entity5 .ConclusionUsing this microanalytical approach, we provide proof-of-concept for the implementation of ALSA in conducting high-throughput studies aimed at investigating disease-related changes in the glycosylation patterns on @entity15533 with the goal of enhancing clinical diagnoses and targeted treatment regimens.

title: Detection of distinct glycosylation patterns on XXXX   -glutamyl transpeptidase 1 using antibody-lectin sandwich array (ALSA) technology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['Microcystis aeruginosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massively parallel gene expression profiling has provided a more objective, molecular-level characterization of @entity0 subtypes. Several bioinformatics tools are available to infer @entity1 subtype from a gene expression profile including the well-studied PAM50. The specific algorithmic methods used in these tools require access to a broad @entity1 dataset. The choice of subtype for an individual is determined relative to all other @entity1 across the panel, making subtypes heavily dependent on the composition of the dataset. Our aim was to develop a bioinformatics approach assigning absolute @entity0 subtypes, independent of dataset composition. METHODS: Using a dataset of 4924 @entity0 @entity1 , we defined a new bioinformatics approach: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) that assigns subtype from a gene expression profile for an individual sample without the need for a large, diverse, and normalized dataset. We evaluated the agreement of @entity74 with PAM50 and compared subtype assignment and prognostic value of the subtypes. We assessed @entity74 ' robustness using a benchmark set of tests including subtype reproducibility between technologies, gene removal, and normal gene expression contamination, and compared it with PAM50. All statistical tests, except where noted, were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity74 vastly agreed with PAM50, with 76% and 77% agreement for cross validation and the test set, respectively, and the prognostic capacity of the intrinsic subtypes was preserved. @entity74 is fully stable, and its absolute nature enables its use on a wide range of datasets and technologies, including RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS: The instability of a @entity0 subtyping scheme like PAM50 could have important consequences in clinical management of @entity1 . @entity74 is a fully stable and robust subtyping scheme that recapitulates PAM50.

title: Absolute assignment of XXXX intrinsic molecular subtype.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Absolute Intrinsic Molecular Subtyping', 'AIMS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity537 has recently been shown to immortalize @entity1 T cells. It was unknown, however, whether @entity537 transformation affects T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 ) expression and signal transduction. In the present study, we have transformed @entity404 + @entity1 T-cell clones specific for @entity1 @entity2610 . The transformed T cells were grown in @entity1199 and divided in the absence of antigen and antigen-presenting cells. They retained the membrane phenotype of activated T cells and secreted the cytokines interferon gamma and lymphotoxin, but @entity3646 was not detected. Further, the transformed T cells continued to express the original @entity6057 as demonstrated by @entity6057 variable-region-V beta-specific monoclonal antibodies and @entity6057 sequencing. Antigen-specific recognition and signal transduction by the @entity6057 were demonstrated by @entity2610 -induced HLA-DR-restricted secretion of interferon gamma and lymphotoxin and by @entity2610 -specific proliferation. Antigen specificity and reactivity have been maintained for > 1 year after transformation. Transformation with @entity537 now allows the production of virtually unlimited numbers of (auto)antigen-specific T cells expressing functional @entity6057 and a stable membrane phenotype. This technology will facilitate studies of the pathogenesis of putative @entity792 , such as @entity15 , and may be of help in @entity6057 -targeted immunotherapy.

title: Transformation of @entity1 T-cell clones by Herpesvirus saimiri: intact antigen recognition by autonomously growing XXXX -specific T cells.

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin-basic-protein', 'myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity537 :: ('10381', 'Species') :: ['Herpesvirus saimiri']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2610 :: (4155,Gene) :: ['myelin basic protein']


abstract: @entity537 has recently been shown to immortalize @entity1 T cells. It was unknown, however, whether @entity537 transformation affects T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 ) expression and signal transduction. In the present study, we have transformed @entity404 + @entity1 T-cell clones specific for @entity1 @entity2610 . The transformed T cells were grown in @entity1199 and divided in the absence of antigen and antigen-presenting cells. They retained the membrane phenotype of activated T cells and secreted the cytokines interferon gamma and lymphotoxin, but @entity3646 was not detected. Further, the transformed T cells continued to express the original @entity6057 as demonstrated by @entity6057 variable-region-V beta-specific monoclonal antibodies and @entity6057 sequencing. Antigen-specific recognition and signal transduction by the @entity6057 were demonstrated by @entity2610 -induced HLA-DR-restricted secretion of interferon gamma and lymphotoxin and by @entity2610 -specific proliferation. Antigen specificity and reactivity have been maintained for > 1 year after transformation. Transformation with @entity537 now allows the production of virtually unlimited numbers of (auto)antigen-specific T cells expressing functional @entity6057 and a stable membrane phenotype. This technology will facilitate studies of the pathogenesis of putative @entity792 , such as @entity15 , and may be of help in @entity6057 -targeted immunotherapy.

title: Transformation of XXXX T-cell clones by Herpesvirus saimiri: intact antigen recognition by autonomously growing @entity2610 -specific T cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Transabdominal sacrocolpopexy has been shown, in multiple long-term studies of its success and durability, to be the definitive treatment option for post-hysterectomy @entity3577 . It is, however, associated with greater morbidity than vaginal repair. We describe a minimally invasive technique for @entity3577 repair and present our experience with a minimum of one-year follow-up. The surgical technique involves five laparoscopic ports-three for the da Vinci robot and two for the assistant. After appropriate dissection a @entity7502 mesh is attached to the sacral promontory and to the vaginal apex by use of Gore-Tex sutures. The mesh material is then covered by the peritoneum. @entity1 analysis focused on complications, urinary continence, @entity1 satisfaction, and morbidity, with a minimum of 12  months follow-up. Forty-two @entity1 with post-hysterectomy @entity3577 underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy at our institute and 35 have a minimum of 12  months follow-up, with a mean follow-up of 36  months (range 12-48) in the group. Mean age was 67 (47-83) years and mean operating time was 3.1 (2.15-4.75)  h for the entire cohort. All but one @entity1 were discharged home on postoperative day one; one @entity1 left on postoperative day two. One developed recurrent grade three rectocele, one had recurrent vault prolapse, and two suffered from vaginal extrusion of mesh. All @entity1 were satisfied with their outcome. The robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is a minimally invasive technique for @entity3577 repair, combining the advantages of open sacrocolpopexy with the reduced morbidity of laparoscopy. We observed reduced hospital stay, low occurrence of complications, and high @entity1 satisfaction, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Most importantly, the long-term results of the robotic repair are similar to those of open repair, but with significantly less morbidity.

title: Assessment of the durability of robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['vaginal vault prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an extensive literature describing a central @entity750 deficit in @entity988 and fire setters. In the present study, we investigated biochemical concomitants of @entity23 and @entity146 , and the physiological consequences of reduced central serotonin turnover. METHODS: Forty-three impulsive and 15 nonimpulsive alcoholic offenders and 21 healthy volunteers were studied in the forensic psychiatry ward of a university psychiatric department. The subjects underwent lumbar punctures and oral @entity413 and @entity14006 challenges, and their diurnal activity rhythm was measured with physical activity monitors. Discriminant function analyses were used to investigate psychophysiological and biochemical concomitants of aggressive and @entity146 . RESULTS: Alcoholic, impulsive offenders with @entity10420 had low mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and corticotropin levels and high mean CSF @entity251 concentrations. Compared with healthy volunteers, they showed increased physical activity during the daytime. Alcoholic, impulsive offenders with @entity23 had a low mean CSF @entity5581 concentration and blood @entity413 nadir after an oral @entity413 challenge, and desynchronized diurnal activity rhythm. Healthy volunteers had mean CSF @entity5581 concentrations that were intermediate between those of alcoholic, impulsive and nonimpulsive offenders. Alcoholic, nonimpulsive offenders had a significantly higher mean CSF @entity5581 concentration than all the other groups, including healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: In the present sample, a low CSF @entity5581 concentration was primarily associated with @entity23 and high CSF @entity251 concentration, with @entity146 or interpersonal violence.

title: CSF biochemistries, XXXX metabolism, and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['impulsive behaviors', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic, impulsive, violent offenders']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity', 'intermittent explosive disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity14006 :: ('MESH:D001218', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartame']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity6766 are signals associated with both food's availability and pleasure. Previous research from this laboratory has shown that food aromas under fasting conditions evoke robust activation of medial prefrontal brain regions thought to reflect reward value (Bragulat, et al. 2010). In the current study, eighteen @entity1 (eleven normal-weight and seven @entity28 ) underwent a two-day imaging study (one after being fed, one while fasting). All were imaged on a 3T Siemens Trio-Tim scanner while sniffing two food (F; pasta and beef) odors, one non-food (NF; Douglas fir) odor, and an odorless control (CO). Prior to imaging, @entity1 rated hunger and perceived odor qualities, and completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess "Externality" (the extent to which eating is driven by external food cues). Across all @entity1 , both food and non-food odors (compared to CO) elicited large blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses in olfactory and reward-related areas, including the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, and bilateral piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. However, food odors produced greater activation of medial prefrontal cortex, @entity550 than non-food odors. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the [F > CO] BOLD response in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and "Externality" sub-scale scores of the DEBQ, but only under the fed condition; no such correlation was present with the [NF > CO] response. This suggests that in those with high Externality, ventromedial prefrontal cortex may inappropriately valuate external food cues in the absence of internal hunger.

title: Correlation between XXXX and Cue-driven Eating: An fMRI Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and inferior insula']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['Food aromas']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activation to Food Aromas']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluates chemoembolization (CE) of the liver with minimal vasoconstriction followed by selective intraarterial delivery of an emulsion of @entity3990 , @entity632 , and ethiodized oil and temporary occlusion of hepatic artery with gelatin sponge powder in @entity1 with @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Since 1988, 30 @entity1 with nonresectable @entity157 underwent CE with the above protocol. Intraarterial @entity1425 (0.5-1 microgram diluted in 10 mL of saline) was rapidly injected directly into the proper hepatic artery or selectively into the right or left hepatic arteries and was followed by 40-60 mg of @entity632 dissolved in 10 mL of @entity3990 and emulsified in 20 mL of ethiodized oil. The chemoembolic mixture was injected at the rate of arterial flow. Liver function and clotting parameters were monitored three times a day until there was a downward trend toward preembolic levels. Computed tomography (CT) was performed immediately after embolization and at 1-3-month intervals. Embolization was repeated when CT demonstrated recurrent or progressive disease. RESULTS: Disease recurred or progressed in 11 @entity1 at 2-17 months after embolization. CE was repeated in four @entity1 ; one individual underwent three embolizations. Re-embolization was performed up to 14 months after initial embolization (median, 10 months). Five @entity1 (16.7%) died within 1 month of embolization. Ten @entity1 died at 3-33 months after CE. Two of these @entity1 died of @entity82 at 6 and 14 months, without evidence of recurrent @entity5 . Fifteen @entity1 remain alive 5-28 months after CE. Kaplan-Meier estimation of probability of survival curves demonstrates a median survival of 14 months. Sixty-one percent of @entity1 were alive at 1 year and 36% at 2 years after the procedure. CONCLUSION: CE with use of the above technique is effective for palliating inoperable @entity157 . It causes a significant prolongation of survival over the expected 18-24 weeks in untreated @entity1 ; this may occur because high doses of chemotherapeutic agents are delivered and come in contact with the @entity5 for a longer period, followed by @entity63 brought about by temporary arterial occlusion.

title: @entity157 : XXXX followed by a @entity632 -ethiodized oil emulsion and gelatin sponge powder.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']