abstract: BACKGROUND: Many minimally invasive interventional techniques as well as expectant treatment exist for the management of lower ureteric calculi. This study was conducted to evaluate th efficacy of @entity9940 as an expulsive pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of distal uretern stone. METHODS: This randomized control trial included 100 @entity1 over 18 years of age wit stone Size > or = mm in distal 1/3 of ureter. @entity1 were randomly assigned into two groups (A _ B Group A @entity1 were given Capsule @entity9940 0.4 mg, 1 daily up to 4 weeks while group B @entity1 were given placebo, 1 Capsule daily up to 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was expulsio rate. A written informed consent was taken from all the @entity1 . Expulsion time, need for analgesics, need for hospitalization and @entity137 were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 in group A and 48 @entity1 in group B reported back, therefore 97 out of 10 @entity1 were evaluated. Mean age of the @entity1 was 36.34 years (range 18-57 years). Mea stone size was 5.78 mm (range 4-8 mm) in greatest dimension. A stone expulsion rate of 85.71C (42 @entity1 ) was noted in group A and 54.20% (26 @entity1 ) in group B. Group A revealed statistically significant advantage in term of stone expulsion rate (p=0.032). Considering expulsio time in days group A showed statistically significant advantage (p=0.015). Regarding age, se) stone size and stone lateralization (right/left), there was no significant difference between th group A and B. No @entity137 were noted in both the groups. CONCLUSION: By usin @entity9940 a higher stone expulsion rates can be achieved in a shorter time. More randomize control trials are required to establish @entity9940 as a standard medical expulsive treatment fc

title: MEDICAL EXPULSIVE TREATMENT OF DISTAL URETERAL STONE USING XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['TAMSULOSIN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Migraine affects more than 10% of the Hungarian population, causes significant disability and severely affects @entity1 ' generic and condition-specific quality of life. Despite these facts, a significant proportion of @entity1 is not diagnosed and not treated adequately. @entity10 centres can provide care for only a fraction of all @entity1 . The task of primary care providers would be greatly simplified by a reliable self-administered @entity2704 screening questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: To develop a short and reliable questionnaire as a @entity2704 screening tool. METHODS: Outpatients at the @entity10 Service, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University completed a self-administered questionnaire which contained 9 yes/no questions about their headaches' characteristics. The number of 'yes' answers (the @entity1 ' total score) was evaluated in connection with the diagnosis based on the International @entity10 Society criteria. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value as well as the misclassification rate for each total score value and used these to establish the final cutoff value of the questionnaire. 306 @entity1 (242 females, mean age 39.1    13.3 years) were enrolled. The diagnosis was @entity2704 in 244. RESULTS: Completing the questionnaire did not pose any difficulty for the @entity1 . At a cutoff value of 5 points the questionnaire's sensitivity was 0.96 and specificity was 0.61. The positive predictive value was 0.91 and the negative pre- dictive value was 0.81. The misclassification rate was 0.11. DISCUSSION: Our results show that the questionnaire may help the diagnosis of @entity2704 . In order to use it in medical practice, its further evaluation is necessary on a large representative sample of the Hungarian population.

title: [Examining the diagnostic accuracy of a new XXXX screener].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: @entity439 with an acutely angled parent artery are difficult to access for coiling. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of microcatheter looping for embolization of @entity438 with access difficulty. Ten @entity1 (male:female=5:5) with @entity438 treated with the microcatheter looping technique were analyzed retrospectively. The parent artery formed an acute angle with the major artery in five @entity439 . The microcatheter was looped into a "a" loop for treatment in the anterior temporal artery @entity439 and a "U" loop in the remaining nine @entity439 . All ten @entity439 were successfully treated with the microcatheter looping technique. The microcatheter tip was successfully navigated into the @entity439 sac and remained stable throughout the embolization process. All @entity439 were occluded with @entity432 in five and near- @entity432 in five, and the parent artery remained patent in all cases. No complications occurred peri-procedurally. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was 5 in all @entity1 before discharge. Follow-up angiography six to 12 months later revealed a good occlusion status of the @entity439 . The microcatheter looping technique is effective when the conventional embolization technique fails to treat @entity438 with difficult access especially when the parent artery forming an acute angle with the major artery exacerbates difficult access to the @entity439 .

title: Microcatheter looping facilitates access to both the acutely angled parent artery and XXXX for effective embolization.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: Identification of @entity1 with acute @entity64 who could most benefit from arterial recanalization after endovascular treatment remains an unsettled issue. Although several classifications of collateral circulation have been proposed, the clinical role of collaterals is still debated. We evaluated the effect of the collateral circulation in relation to recanalization as a predictor of clinical outcome. Data were prospectively collected from 103 @entity1 consecutively treated for proximal @entity2500 . The collateral circulation was evaluated with a novel semiquantitative-qualitative score, the Careggi collateral score (CCS), in six grades. Both CCS and recanalization grades (TICI) were analysed in relation to clinical outcome. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of interaction between recanalization and collateral circulation on clinical outcome. Out of the 103 @entity1 , 37 (36.3%) had poor collaterals, and 65 (63.7%) had good collaterals. @entity1 with good collaterals had lower basal National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), more @entity432 , smaller lesions at 24h CT scan and better functional outcome. After multivariate analysis, the interaction between recanalization and collateral grades was significantly stronger as a predictor of good outcome (OR 6.87, 95% CI 2.11-22.31) or @entity204 (OR 4.66, 95%CI 1.48-14.73) compared to the effect of the single variables. Collaterals showed an effect of interaction with the recanalization grade in determining a favourable clinical outcome. Assessment of the collateral circulation might help predict clinical results after recanalization in @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment for acute @entity64 .

title: Effect of the Interaction between Recanalization and Collateral Circulation on Functional Outcome in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral or internal carotid artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['distal occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic Stroke']


abstract: The advent of flow dynamics and the recent availability of perfusion analysis software have provided new diagnostic tools and management possibilities for cerebrovascular @entity1 . To this end, we provide an example of the use of color-coded angiography and its application in a rare case of a @entity1 with a pure @entity2500 . A 42-year-old male chronic smoker was evaluated in the emergency room due to sudden onset of severe @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 and left-sided weakness. Head computed tomography revealed a right @entity21915 . Cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed a right middle cerebral @entity600 consisting of convoluted and ectatic collateral vessels supplying the distal middle cerebral artery territory-M1 proximally occluded. An associated medial lenticulostriate artery @entity439 was found. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography with and without @entity3791 failed to show problems in vascular reserve that would indicate the need for flow augmentation. Twelve months after discharge, the @entity1 recovered from the left-sided weakness and did not present any similar events. A follow-up DSA and perfusion study using color-coded perfusion analysis showed perforator @entity439 resolution and adequate, albeit delayed perfusion in the involved vascular territory. We propose a combined congenital and acquired mechanism involving @entity432 with secondary dysplastic changes in collateral supply to the distal MCA territory. Angiographic and cerebral perfusion work-up was used to exclude the need for flow augmentation. Nevertheless, the natural course of this lesion remains unclear and long-term follow-up is warranted.

title: Color-coded digital subtraction angiography in the management of a rare case of middle cerebral artery pure XXXX . A technical and case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) malformation']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['artery malformation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['M1 occlusion']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['arterial malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of our study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of ivabradine plus standard care (SoC) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 with sinus rhythm and a baseline heart rate   >=    75 b.p.m. in Greece, in comparison with current SoC alone. METHODS: An existing cost-effectiveness model consisting of two health states, was adapted to the Greek health care setting. All clinical inputs of the model (i.e. mortality rates, hospitalization rates, NYHA class distribution and utility values) were estimated from SHIFT trial data. All costing data used in the model reflects the year 2013 (in    ). An incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained was calculated. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted. The horizon of analysis was over @entity1 life time and both cost and outcomes were discounted at 3.5% per year. The analysis was conducted from a Greek third party-payer perspective. RESULTS: The Markov analysis revealed that the discounted quality-adjusted survival was 4.27 and 3.99 QALYs in the ivabradine plus SoC and SoC alone treatment arms, respectively. The cumulative lifetime total cost per @entity1 was    8,665 and    5,873, for ivabradine plus SoC and SoC alone, respectively. The ICER for ivabradine plus SoC versus SoC alone was estimated as    9,986 per QALY gained. The PSA showed that the likelihood of ivabradine plus SoC being cost-effective at a threshold of    36,000/QALY was found to be 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Ivabradine plus SoC may be regarded as a  cost-effective option for the treatment in @entity712 @entity1 in Greece.

title: Economic evaluation of ivabradine in the treatment of XXXX in Greece.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity1 with supra-tentorial @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) remains controversial. Here we critically evaluate the safety, feasibility, and outcomes following decompressive hemicraniectomy (HC) with or without clot evacuation in the management of @entity1 with large ICHs. METHODS: We analyzed data from 73 consecutive @entity1 managed with a HC for a spontaneous @entity1779 . All relevant @entity1 variables at initial presentation and management were compiled. Variables were modeled as independent regressors against the three-month Glasgow Outcome Score using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: Over 7 years, HC was performed in 73 @entity1 with clot evacuation in 86% and HC alone in 14%. The average @entity1779 volume was 81cc and the median HC surface area was 105cm(2). 26 @entity1 were @entity772 at initial presentation. Three-month functional outcomes were favorable in 29%, unfavorable in 44% and 27% of @entity1 expired. Admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale (p=0.003), dominant hemisphere @entity1779 location (p=0.01) and @entity1410 volume (p=0.002) contributed significantly to the outcome, as estimated by a multivariate analysis. Eight surgical complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Early HC with or without clot evacuation is feasible and safe for managing spontaneous @entity1779 . Our experience in this uncontrolled retrospective series, the largest such series in the modern era, suggests that it may be of particular benefit in @entity1 with large non-dominant hemisphere @entity1779 who are not moribund at presentation. Our findings suggest that a prospective randomized trial of HC vs. craniotomy for @entity1779 be conducted.

title: Decompressive hemicraniectomy with or without clot evacuation for large spontaneous supratentorial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Coma', 'comatose']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) are a challenging condition in vascular neurosurgery. Disease natural history and its management is still debated. In the present paper we report our center series on @entity2457 over a period of 10 years. Our data were compared with relevant literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: Our series includes 45 cases: 14 cavernous sinus, 11 transverse-sigmoid, 8 @entity1 tentorial, 6 anterior cranial fossa, 5 @entity1 spinal, 1 @entity1 foramen magnum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: DVAFs distribution, clinical presentation and hemorrhagic risk are discussed. Cavernous sinus @entity2457 are the most common site in our series. Other locations in order of frequency are transverse-sigmoid sinus, tentorial, anterior cranial fossa, spinal and foramen magnum. The majority of @entity1 presented with non-aggressive symptoms. 18% presented with @entity932 : all the @entity548 occurred in high-grade @entity2457 . For most @entity1 , endovascular treatment, transarterial or transvenous, was the first option. Surgery was performed for the anterior cranial fossa @entity2457 and other complex lesions draining mostly transverse-sigmoid sinus and tentorium. In 7% of cases a combination of endovascular+surgical treatment was used. Our series has been carefully analyzed in comparison 'side by side' with most relevant literature on DVAFs, focusing particularly on management strategies, therapeutic options and risks related to treatment.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX : A 10 years single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity71802 ( @entity71802 ) diets in pregnancy and lactation impair offspring brain development and modify offspring behavior. We hypothesized multigenerational passage of altered behavioral outcomes as has been demonstrated following other developmental programming challenges. We investigated potential multigenerational effects of @entity71802 in @entity35 pregnancy and/or lactation on offspring risk assessment behavior. Founder generation mothers (F0) ate 20% casein (C) or restricted (R) 10% casein diet, providing four groups: CC, RR, CR, and RC (first letter pregnancy, second letter lactation diet) to evaluate offspring (F1) effects influenced by @entity71802 in F0. On postnatal day (PND 250), F1 males were mated to non-colony siblings producing F2. On PND 90, F2 females (in diestrous) and F2 males were tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field. Corticosterone was measured at PND 110. Female but not male CR and RC F2 made more entries and spent more time in EPM open arms than CC females. Overall activity was unchanged as observed in male F1 fathers. There were no open field differences in F2 of either sex, indicating that multigenerational @entity71802 effects are due to altered risk assessment, not locomotion. @entity71802 in pregnancy reduced F1 male and F2 female corticosterone. We conclude that @entity71802 in pregnancy and/or lactation increases the innate tendency to explore novel environments in F2 females via the paternal linage, suggesting lower levels of caution and/or higher impulsiveness to explore unknown spaces. Further studies will be necessary to identify the epigenetic modifications in the germ line through the paternal linage.

title: Paternal line multigenerational passage of altered risk assessment behavior in female but not male XXXX offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reports on the content of aspirated coronary thrombi have until now mainly focused on cellular components. We investigated the genetic expression of selected mediators and proteases actively involved in the pathophysiological process of @entity583 in aspirated coronary thrombi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, RNA from coronary thrombi in 67 subjects with @entity583 was isolated. Gene expression arrays of selected markers were performed by RT-PCR with relative quantification. RESULTS: Twenty of 22 markers were expressed in>50% of the samples. The relative quantification of @entity8729 correlated negatively to total ischemic time (p=0.01), while genes related to fibrinolysis ( @entity3479 , @entity2290 , @entity2289 ), @entity32 ( @entity40590 , @entity373 , @entity2842 , @entity8923 , @entity310 ) and plaque instability ( @entity1476 and @entity2843 ) correlated positively to total ischemic time (all<0.05). Long ischemic time (>4.0hours) associated with a relative reduction in the expression of @entity8729 and a relative increase in the expression of @entity3479 , @entity2290 , @entity2289 , @entity40590 , @entity373 , @entity2842 , @entity8923 , @entity310 , @entity1476 and @entity2843 . The presence of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with 3.2-fold increased @entity2289 expression (adjusted p=0.033), while the presence of @entity101 associated with about 50% reduction of @entity687 and @entity2843 . Smoking and overweight did not affect any markers. CONCLUSIONS: The gene expression profile from coronary thrombi differed according to ischemic time, shown by reduced content of platelet markers and increased content of fibrinolytic, inflammatory and plaque instability mediators over time. @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 showed increased expression of @entity2289 , indicative of reduced fibrinolysis.

title: Genes expressed in coronary thrombi are associated with ischemic time in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reports on the content of aspirated coronary thrombi have until now mainly focused on cellular components. We investigated the genetic expression of selected mediators and proteases actively involved in the pathophysiological process of @entity583 in aspirated coronary thrombi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, RNA from coronary thrombi in 67 subjects with @entity583 was isolated. Gene expression arrays of selected markers were performed by RT-PCR with relative quantification. RESULTS: Twenty of 22 markers were expressed in>50% of the samples. The relative quantification of @entity8729 correlated negatively to total ischemic time (p=0.01), while genes related to fibrinolysis ( @entity3479 , @entity2290 , @entity2289 ), @entity32 ( @entity40590 , @entity373 , @entity2842 , @entity8923 , @entity310 ) and plaque instability ( @entity1476 and @entity2843 ) correlated positively to total ischemic time (all<0.05). Long ischemic time (>4.0hours) associated with a relative reduction in the expression of @entity8729 and a relative increase in the expression of @entity3479 , @entity2290 , @entity2289 , @entity40590 , @entity373 , @entity2842 , @entity8923 , @entity310 , @entity1476 and @entity2843 . The presence of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with 3.2-fold increased @entity2289 expression (adjusted p=0.033), while the presence of @entity101 associated with about 50% reduction of @entity687 and @entity2843 . Smoking and overweight did not affect any markers. CONCLUSIONS: The gene expression profile from coronary thrombi differed according to ischemic time, shown by reduced content of platelet markers and increased content of fibrinolytic, inflammatory and plaque instability mediators over time. @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 showed increased expression of @entity2289 , indicative of reduced fibrinolysis.

title: Genes expressed in coronary thrombi are associated with ischemic time in XXXX with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2033 is a chronic @entity179 inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and characterized as @entity2358 . @entity8113 has been used to produce an animal model of @entity2033 . In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise on @entity4207 and motor coordination focusing on the apoptosis in the hippocampus was investigated using @entity8113 -induced @entity2033 @entity35 . @entity2033 was induced by unilateral intrastriatal injection of @entity8113 (2  L of 100 nmol) using stereotaxic instrument. The @entity35 in the treadmill exercise groups were subjected to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day during 14 days. Spatial learning ability and motor coordination were determined by radial 8-arm maze test and rota-rod test. Immunohistochemistry for @entity4124 and western blot for @entity2310 and @entity1976 were also conducted for the detection of apoptosis. In the present results, spatial learning ability and motor coordination were deteriorated by intrastriatal injection of @entity8113 . In contrast, treadmill exercise exerted ameliorating effect on @entity8113 -induced deterioration of spatial learning ability and motor coordination. @entity1976 expression in the hippocampus was de-creased and expressions of casepase-3 and @entity2310 in the hippocampus were increased in the @entity8113 -induced @entity2033 @entity35 . Treadmill exercise increased @entity1976 expression and decreased expressions of casepase-3 and @entity2310 in the @entity2033 @entity35 . The present results showed that treadmill exercise might ameliorate @entity8113 -induced loss of spatial learning ability and motor coordination by suppressing apoptosis in the hippocampus.

title: Treadmill exercise enhances spatial learning ability through suppressing hippocampal apoptosis in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movement']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolinic acid', 'quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial-learning ability']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']


abstract: @entity2033 is a chronic @entity179 inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, and characterized as @entity2358 . @entity8113 has been used to produce an animal model of @entity2033 . In the present study, the effect of treadmill exercise on @entity4207 and motor coordination focusing on the apoptosis in the hippocampus was investigated using @entity8113 -induced @entity2033 @entity35 . @entity2033 was induced by unilateral intrastriatal injection of @entity8113 (2  L of 100 nmol) using stereotaxic instrument. The @entity35 in the treadmill exercise groups were subjected to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day during 14 days. Spatial learning ability and motor coordination were determined by radial 8-arm maze test and rota-rod test. Immunohistochemistry for @entity4124 and western blot for @entity2310 and @entity1976 were also conducted for the detection of apoptosis. In the present results, spatial learning ability and motor coordination were deteriorated by intrastriatal injection of @entity8113 . In contrast, treadmill exercise exerted ameliorating effect on @entity8113 -induced deterioration of spatial learning ability and motor coordination. @entity1976 expression in the hippocampus was de-creased and expressions of casepase-3 and @entity2310 in the hippocampus were increased in the @entity8113 -induced @entity2033 @entity35 . Treadmill exercise increased @entity1976 expression and decreased expressions of casepase-3 and @entity2310 in the @entity2033 @entity35 . The present results showed that treadmill exercise might ameliorate @entity8113 -induced loss of spatial learning ability and motor coordination by suppressing apoptosis in the hippocampus.

title: Treadmill exercise enhances spatial learning ability through suppressing hippocampal apoptosis in @entity2033 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: During @entity14 (ESD), the feature of a muscle layer being pulled toward a @entity5 is sometimes detected. We call this feature the muscle-retracting sign (MR sign). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the MR sign is associated with particular types of @entity1313 and whether it has any clinical significance for ESD sessions. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 329 @entity1 underwent ESD for 357 @entity14 . The frequency of positivity for the MR sign was evaluated in different morphologic and histopathologic types of @entity5 . The success rate of complete resection and the incidence of complications were also evaluated according to whether lesions were positive or negative for the MR sign. RESULTS: The rates of positivity for the MR sign in the various lesion types were as follows: laterally spreading tumor-granular nodular mixed type (LST-G-M), 9.6%; laterally spreading tumor-granular homogeneous type (LST-G-H) and laterally spreading tumor-nongranular type (LST-NG), 0%; sessile type, 41.2%. The resection rate was 100% (329/329) in lesions negative for the MR sign; however, it was 64.3% (18/28) in lesions positive for the MR sign, which was significantly lower (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The MR sign was present only in some protruding lesions, and more importantly, it was associated with a high risk of @entity5 removal by ESD. Our data indicate that lesions positive for the MR sign lesions should be dissected with great caution; alternatively, based on the features of the individual case, a switch to surgery should be considered for the benefit of the @entity1 .

title: Clinical significance of the muscle-retracting sign during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete tumor', 'neoplastic tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection', 'colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11792 infects the @entity1 eye leading to @entity1036 . Extracellular proteins, the earliest proteins that come in contact with the host and virulence related exoproteins, were identified in the fungus isolated from infected @entity267 . Virulence of the corneal isolates was tested in the Galleria mellonella larvae model and those isolates showing higher virulence were taken for subsequent exoproteome analysis. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to generate A. flavus exoproteome reference map as well as to profile most of the exoproteins. Analysis of the identified proteins clearly shows the major biological processes that they are involved in. Nearly 50% of the exoproteins possess catalytic activity and one of these, an alkaline @entity563 protease (Alp1) is present in high abundance as well as multiple proteoforms. Many proteins in the A. flavus exoproteome have been shown to be virulence factors in other pathogens indicating the probable role for these proteins in the @entity281 as well. Interestingly, the majority of the exoproteins do not have secretory signal indicating that they are secreted through the non-classical pathway. Thus, this study provides a clue to the early strategies employed by the pathogen to establish an @entity281 in an immunocompetent host. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The outcome of a @entity364 in an immunocompetent @entity1 eye depends on the ability of the fungus to overcome the host defense and propagate itself. In this process, the earliest events with respect to the fungal proteins involved include the secretory proteins of the invading organism. As a first step towards understanding the role of the extracellular proteins, exoproteome profile of the fungal isolates was generated. The fungal isolates from @entity267 showed a distinct pattern of the exoproteome when compared to the saprophyte. Since corneal isolates also showed higher virulence in the insect larval model, presumably the proteins elaborated by the corneal isolates are virulence related. One of the abundant proteins is an alkaline @entity563 protease and this protein exists as multiple proteoforms. This study reports the comprehensive profile of exoproteome and reveals proteins that are potential virulence factors.

title: Exoproteome of XXXX corneal isolates and saprophytes: Identification of proteoforms of an oversecreted alkaline protease.

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been classically attributed to joint structural damage. Disparity between the degree of radiographic structural damage and the severity of symptoms implies that factors other than the joint pathology itself contribute to the @entity158 . Peripheral and central sensitization have been suggested as two of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to @entity158 in @entity571 . The aim of this study was to explore in symptomatic knee @entity571 @entity1 , the structural changes assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could be used as markers of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional observational pilot study included 50 knee @entity571 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 (VAS >= 40) in the target knee. The presence of @entity9 was determined based on the PainDETECT questionnaire. Among the 50 @entity1 included, 25 had PainDETECT score  <=12 (unlikely @entity9 ), 9 had PainDETECT score between 13 and 18 (uncertain @entity9 ) and 16 had PainDETECT score >= 19 (likely @entity9 ). WOMAC, PainDETECT, and @entity158 scores as well as knee MRI were assessed. RESULTS: Data showed no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the three groups. However, a positive and statistically significant association was found between the WOMAC @entity158 (P <0.001), function (P <0.001), @entity353 as well as higher @entity158 score (P   =   0.023), and PainDETECT scores. Although no difference was found in the cartilage volume between groups, the presence of meniscal extrusion in both medial (P   =   0.006) and lateral (P   =   0.023) compartments, and presence of @entity937 in the lateral compartment (P   =   0.011), were significantly associated with increasing PainDETECT score. Moreover, the presence of @entity236 in the lateral plateau and the extent of the synovial membrane thickness in the lateral recess were associated with increasing PainDETECT scores (P   =   0.032, P   =   0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity75 , particularly extrusion, were found to be among the strongest risk factors for @entity9 in knee @entity571 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01733277. Registered 16 November 2012.

title: The presence of @entity75 is a strong predictor of XXXX in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness (P   =   0.007) and total (P <0.001) scores']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'VAS pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been classically attributed to joint structural damage. Disparity between the degree of radiographic structural damage and the severity of symptoms implies that factors other than the joint pathology itself contribute to the @entity158 . Peripheral and central sensitization have been suggested as two of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to @entity158 in @entity571 . The aim of this study was to explore in symptomatic knee @entity571 @entity1 , the structural changes assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could be used as markers of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional observational pilot study included 50 knee @entity571 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 (VAS >= 40) in the target knee. The presence of @entity9 was determined based on the PainDETECT questionnaire. Among the 50 @entity1 included, 25 had PainDETECT score  <=12 (unlikely @entity9 ), 9 had PainDETECT score between 13 and 18 (uncertain @entity9 ) and 16 had PainDETECT score >= 19 (likely @entity9 ). WOMAC, PainDETECT, and @entity158 scores as well as knee MRI were assessed. RESULTS: Data showed no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the three groups. However, a positive and statistically significant association was found between the WOMAC @entity158 (P <0.001), function (P <0.001), @entity353 as well as higher @entity158 score (P   =   0.023), and PainDETECT scores. Although no difference was found in the cartilage volume between groups, the presence of meniscal extrusion in both medial (P   =   0.006) and lateral (P   =   0.023) compartments, and presence of @entity937 in the lateral compartment (P   =   0.011), were significantly associated with increasing PainDETECT score. Moreover, the presence of @entity236 in the lateral plateau and the extent of the synovial membrane thickness in the lateral recess were associated with increasing PainDETECT scores (P   =   0.032, P   =   0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity75 , particularly extrusion, were found to be among the strongest risk factors for @entity9 in knee @entity571 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01733277. Registered 16 November 2012.

title: The presence of XXXX is a strong predictor of @entity9 in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional pilot study.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['meniscal lesions']


abstract: AIM: There is an urgent need for effective geriatric interventions to meet the health service demands of the growing older population. In this paper, we systematically review and update existing literature on interventions within @entity341 ( @entity341 ) targeted towards reducing @entity341 re-visits, hospitalizations, nursing home admissions and @entity204 in older @entity1 after initial @entity341 discharge. METHODS: Databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify all articles published up to June 2012 that focused on older adults in the @entity341 , included a comparison group, and reported quantitative results in four primary outcomes: @entity341 re-visits, hospitalizations, nursing home admissions and @entity204 after initial @entity341 discharge. RESULTS: Of the 2826 titles screened, just nine studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies varied in their design and outcome measurements such that results could not be combined. Two trends surfaced: (i) more intensive interventions more frequently resulted in reduced adverse outcomes than did simple referral intervention types; and (ii) among the lowest intensity, referral-based interventions, studies that used a validated prediction tool to identify high-risk @entity1 more frequently reported improved outcomes than those that did not use such a tool. CONCLUSION: Of the few studies that met the inclusion criteria, there was a lack of consistency and clarity in study designs and evaluative outcomes. Despite this, more intensive interventions that followed @entity1 beyond a referral and the use of a clinical risk prediction tool appeared to be associated with improved outcomes. The dearth of rigorous evaluations with standardized methodologies precludes further recommendations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015;       :       -      .

title: Efficacy of emergency department-based interventions designed to reduce repeat visits and other adverse outcomes for older XXXX after discharge: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the cosmetic results and the impact on the breast development of a right anterolateral thoracotomy (RALT) in pre-pubertal @entity1 who underwent RALT for correction of @entity118 . METHODS: From December 2002 to July 2010, 25 female @entity1 with a mean age of 8.5        1.3 years underwent repair of @entity118 with a right anterolateral thoracotomy. Breast symmetry was described by a clinical index. The degree of @entity1635 was measured by clinical examination. The subjective evaluation in breast asymetry, size, and shape was assessed by a survey obtained by the @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication or late mortality in the thoracotomy approach or in the long-term follow-up (7.5        2.2 years). According to the survey, breast asymmetry and differences between both breast size or shape were found in 15 (60%) and seven (28%) @entity1 , respectively. One @entity1 (4%) complained of a @entity2318 . Mild sensitive skin deficit in the mammary area was determined in four @entity1 (16%). According to the objective assessment, breast asymmetry was found 12 @entity1 (48%) with index 1 and 13 @entity1 (52%) with index 2. CONCLUSION: Although it is safe, the RALT is associated with the potential to effect unilateral breast development.

title: Right Anterolateral Thoracotomy in the Repair of XXXX : Effect on Breast Development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['keloid scar']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['Atrial Septal Defect']


abstract: AIM: To analyze the profile, etiology, complications, medical and surgical management, and visual outcome among pediatric @entity1596 @entity1 seen at a referral @entity1596 clinic in India. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study, tertiary hospital setting. METHODS: Records between January 2007 and April 2010 were reviewed for @entity1 with @entity1596 who were 0-18 years of age. @entity1596 diagnosis was based on SUN criteria; complications, medical and surgical management, and visual outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 190 @entity1 with @entity1596 , 64.2% were @entity1 and 112 had unilateral disease. The median age at presentation was 11 years. Ninety-nine (52%) had anterior, 49 (26%) intermediate, 27 (14%) posterior, and 15 (7.9%) @entity5863 . @entity1596 was present in 44 @entity1 , of which 21 cases (48%) were @entity23351 . Parasitic, @entity1596 was encountered. A total of 174 @entity1 were followed over 315.5 @entity1 -years (median   =   1.35 years). Seventy-seven (40.5%) @entity1 had complications related to @entity1596 . Forty-six out of 77 complications noted were complicated @entity231 . Surgical procedures were done in 46.9% (15%/100 @entity1 -years). The visual acuity improved by two Snellen lines in the uveitic eyes, following therapy in 120 @entity1 , was stable in 40 @entity1 , and worsened in 14 @entity1 . Follow-up visual acuity was missing for 16 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A large proportion of pediatric @entity1596 cases experienced complications of @entity1596 , mostly prior to presentation for subspecialty management. These often required surgical management, most commonly to clear the @entity227 of @entity231 for @entity227 and to prevent @entity4457 . In most cases, tertiary management was associated with visual improvement. The results suggest that subspecialty management can result in improvement of the clinical course of pediatric @entity1596 .

title: Pattern of XXXX Seen at a Tertiary Referral Center from India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual rehabilitation', 'visual axis']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis', 'tuberculous, and viral infectious uveitis', 'Infectious uveitis']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Uveitis']


abstract: 35--40% of @entity5539 among @entity308 @entity1 present as abdominal troubles. These are difficult to interpret in the case of larvate @entity308 which manifests itself mainly in the somatic sphere. For the last twenty years, we have noticed an @entity308 . As a result, @entity1 are often inadequately treated or submitted to surgery. This report is about a 37-year-old female @entity1 who was referred to us with the diagnosis of an acute abdomen. After extensive investigations we were able to rule out as well a mechanical as a reflectory ileus. Nevertheless, the rapid deterioration of her general condition, increasing peritonism and radiological evidence of ileus made us suspect a perforated @entity1066 with accompanying @entity8442 and perform an exploratory laparotomy 24 h later. We were very surprised not to discover any abnormal findings at operation. The consultant psychiatrist eventually diagnosed a @entity308 . Up to this date, we have not been able to discover any information about similar @entity1 presenting with such an acute history, even in specialised @entity146 literature. Should one refer such @entity1 with acute abdomen to the psychiatrist before operating?

title: [Laparotomy for acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive', 'increased incidence of larvate depressions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disturbances']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['abdomen in larvate depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity466 ( @entity466 ) are a group of primary @entity465 resulting from any one of a diverse group of mutations impacting T-cell development. @entity466 is diagnosed and classified through assessment of the lymphocyte subset(s) affected and by the mechanisms responsible for the primary @entity1200 . Regardless of the genetics involved, @entity1 invariably succumb to an @entity204 without medical intervention. In the past, @entity1 were primarily identified either by previous family history, physical manifestations, or after the onset of symptoms. However, the introduction of newborn screening for @entity466 has allowed the pediatrician to identify these @entity1 at a much earlier age, greatly improving their survival. Currently, 23 states include @entity466 testing for @entity784 in their newborn screening platform. Protocols for confirmatory testing and medical intervention after a positive screen vary slightly from state-to-state. However, the standard curative treatment remains stem cell transplantation, although depending on the genetic cause of the disease, enzyme replacement and gene therapy may also be considered. [Pediatr Ann. 2015;44(7):e181-e187.].

title: Diagnostic Criteria and Evaluation of Severe XXXX in the Neonate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defect']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Severe combined immunodeficiency disorders']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['Combined Immunodeficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundProctitis after radiation therapy for @entity263 remains an ongoing clinical challenge and critical quality of life issue. SBRT could minimize @entity137 by reducing the volume of rectum receiving high radiation doses and offers the potential radiobiologic benefits of hypofractionation. This study sought to evaluate the incidence and severity of @entity4272 following SBRT for @entity263 .MethodsBetween February 2008 and July 2011, 269 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 were treated definitively with SBRT monotherapy at Georgetown University Hospital. All @entity1 were treated to 35-36.25Gy in 5 fractions delivered with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray). @entity548 was recorded and scored using the CTCAE v.4. @entity8721 were graded using the Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS). @entity4272 was assessed via the Bowel domain of the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC)-26 at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24  months post-SBRT.ResultsThe median age was 69 years with a median prostate volume of 39 cc. The median follow-up was 3.9 years with a minimum follow-up of two years. The 2-year actuarial incidence of late rectal bleeding    grade 2 was 1.5%. Endoscopy revealed VRS Grade 2 @entity8721 in 11% of @entity1 . All @entity4272 symptoms increased at one month post-SBRT but returned to near-baseline with longer follow-up. The most bothersome symptoms were bowel urgency and frequency. At one month post-SBRT, 11.2% and 8.5% of @entity1 reported a moderate to big problem with bowel urgency and frequency, respectively. The EPIC bowel summary scores declined transiently at 1 month and experienced a second, more protracted decline between 6 months and 18 months before returning to near-baseline at two years post-SBRT. Prior to treatment, 4.1% of @entity1 felt their bowel function was a moderate to big problem which increased to 11.5% one month post-SBRT but returned to near-baseline at two years post-SBRT.ConclusionsIn this single institution cohort, the rate and severity of @entity4272 observed following SBRT is low. QOL decreased on follow-up; however, our results compare favorably to those reported for @entity1 treated with alternative radiation modalities. Future prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these observations.

title: @entity4272 following stereotactic body radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['rectal telangiectasias', 'Telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['Proctitis', 'proctitis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundProctitis after radiation therapy for @entity263 remains an ongoing clinical challenge and critical quality of life issue. SBRT could minimize @entity137 by reducing the volume of rectum receiving high radiation doses and offers the potential radiobiologic benefits of hypofractionation. This study sought to evaluate the incidence and severity of @entity4272 following SBRT for @entity263 .MethodsBetween February 2008 and July 2011, 269 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 were treated definitively with SBRT monotherapy at Georgetown University Hospital. All @entity1 were treated to 35-36.25Gy in 5 fractions delivered with the CyberKnife Radiosurgical System (Accuray). @entity548 was recorded and scored using the CTCAE v.4. @entity8721 were graded using the Vienna Rectoscopy Score (VRS). @entity4272 was assessed via the Bowel domain of the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC)-26 at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24  months post-SBRT.ResultsThe median age was 69 years with a median prostate volume of 39 cc. The median follow-up was 3.9 years with a minimum follow-up of two years. The 2-year actuarial incidence of late rectal bleeding    grade 2 was 1.5%. Endoscopy revealed VRS Grade 2 @entity8721 in 11% of @entity1 . All @entity4272 symptoms increased at one month post-SBRT but returned to near-baseline with longer follow-up. The most bothersome symptoms were bowel urgency and frequency. At one month post-SBRT, 11.2% and 8.5% of @entity1 reported a moderate to big problem with bowel urgency and frequency, respectively. The EPIC bowel summary scores declined transiently at 1 month and experienced a second, more protracted decline between 6 months and 18 months before returning to near-baseline at two years post-SBRT. Prior to treatment, 4.1% of @entity1 felt their bowel function was a moderate to big problem which increased to 11.5% one month post-SBRT but returned to near-baseline at two years post-SBRT.ConclusionsIn this single institution cohort, the rate and severity of @entity4272 observed following SBRT is low. QOL decreased on follow-up; however, our results compare favorably to those reported for @entity1 treated with alternative radiation modalities. Future prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these observations.

title: XXXX following stereotactic body radiation therapy for @entity263 .

answer: @entity4272 :: (MESH:D011349,Disease) :: ['Proctitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine what contribution prenatal ultrasound screening and neonatal pulse oximetry screening (POS) make to the timely diagnosis of @entity1498 of the aorta (CoA). METHODS: We identified @entity1 and fetuses diagnosed with isolated CoA in our referral area between 2003 and 2012 who died without surgery, underwent surgical repair before 2 months of age, or were terminated after a prenatal diagnosis. Clinical data were collected from hospital charts. RESULTS: Only 3 of the 90 cases were diagnosed prenatally. Two of the 3 were born alive and in 1 case the couple opted for termination of pregnancy. Nineteen of the remaining 87 cases were born in units that used POS (hand and foot) and 4 of 19 screened positive. Of the remaining 83 cases, 46 were discharged undiagnosed (7 after nondiagnostic echocardiography), including 9 with a murmur and weak femoral pulses and 8 with a murmur and normal pulses. One was diagnosed postmortem after dying at home, and 22 of the remaining 45 discharged @entity1 were in circulatory failure on readmission. Five of the @entity1 who were not discharged died without surgery and undiagnosed CoA was the most probable cause of death in 2 of these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of prenatal ultrasound screening and postnatal POS to the timely diagnosis of CoA was low. Careful physical examination of all newborns therefore continues to play a fundamental role in detecting this life-threatening @entity299 , and better screening methods need to be developed.

title: Late Diagnosis of XXXX Despite Prenatal Ultrasound and Postnatal Pulse Oximetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['Coarctation']


abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the biosynthesis of @entity3703 nanoparticles (BMNPs) with particle sizes between 10nm and 60nm. The biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles are produced from @entity31983 (M.M.) bacteria that respond to magnetic fields. M.M. bacteria were cultured and used to synthesize @entity3703 nanoparticles. This was done in an enriched magnetic spirillum growth medium (EMSGM) at different pH levels. The nanoparticle concentrations were characterized with UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, while the particle shapes were elucidated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The structure of the particles was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the hydrodynamic radii, particle size distributions and polydispersity of the nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS). @entity26408 reduction was also used to functionalize the BMNPs with a molecular recognition unit (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, LHRH) that attaches specifically to receptors that are over-expressed on the surfaces of most @entity0 cell types. The resulting nanoparticles were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quantitative image analysis. The implications of the results are then discussed for the potential development of magnetic nanoparticles for the specific targeting and treatment of @entity0 .

title: Biosynthesis and the conjugation of XXXX nanoparticles with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH).

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['magnetite']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity31983 :: ('84159', 'Species') :: ['Magnetospirillum magneticum']

answer: @entity3703 :: (MESH:D052203,Chemical) :: ['magnetite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-care, a key element of @entity712 care, is challenging for @entity1 with @entity73 . Mechanisms through which @entity73 affects self-care are not currently well defined but evidence from other @entity1 populations suggests that self-efficacy, or task-specific confidence, mediates the relationship between cognitive functioning and @entity1 behaviors such as self-care. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the mediating role of self-care confidence in the relationship between cognition and self-care behaviors. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional study. SETTING: Outpatient @entity712 clinics in 28 Italian provinces. @entity1 : 628 Italian @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: We used the Self-Care of @entity712 Index v.6.2 to measure self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence. Cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: @entity1 were 73 years old on average (SD=11), mostly (58%) male and mostly (77%) in New York Heart Association functional classes II and III. The mediation model showed excellent fit (comparative fit index=1.0; root mean square error of approximation=0.02): Self-care confidence totally mediated the relationship between cognition and self-care maintenance and management. CONCLUSION: Cognition affects self-care behaviors indirectly, through self-care confidence. Interventions aimed at improving self-care confidence may improve self-care, even in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Self-care confidence may be the key: A cross-sectional study on the association between cognition and self-care behaviors in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impaired cognition']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing the efficacy of an Integrated Risk Reduction Intervention (IRRI) to a control condition with the objective of improving mood stability and psychosocial functioning by reducing cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 with @entity162 . METHODS: A total of 122 @entity1 were recruited from our outpatient services and randomly allocated to IRRI (n  =  61) or @entity146 care with medical monitoring (n  =  61). Individuals allocated to IRRI received @entity146 treatment and assessment, medical monitoring by a nurse, and a healthy lifestyle program from a lifestyle coach. Those allocated to the control condition received @entity146 treatment and assessment and referral, if indicated, for medical problems. A mixed-effects model was used to examine the impact of the interventions on body mass index (BMI). Exploratory moderator analyses were used to characterize those individuals likely to benefit from each treatment approach. RESULTS: Analyses were conducted on data for the IRRI (n  =  58) and control (n  =  56) @entity1 with >= 1 study visit. IRRI was associated with a significantly greater rate of decrease in BMI (d  =  -0.51, 95% confidence interval: -0.91 to -0.14). Three variables ( @entity1851 , total @entity165 , and instability of total sleep time) contributed to a combined moderator of faster decrease in BMI with IRRI treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 with @entity162 can make modest improvements in BMI, even when taking medications with known potential for @entity1017 . Our finding that a combination of three baseline variables provides a profile of @entity1 likely to benefit from IRRI will need to be tested further to evaluate its utility in clinical practice.

title: An Integrated Risk Reduction Intervention can reduce body mass index in individuals being treated for XXXX : results from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar I disorder']


abstract: Primary @entity9676 (PIL) is a @entity395 , especially in adults. It causes a local disruption of chylus transport and is part of the exudative gastroenteropathies. Conservative therapy includes dietary measures or @entity1943 medication. Taking the differential diagnosis of PIL into consideration is a major challenge, since @entity1 suffering from PIL may present with @entity294 and @entity4269 or @entity3417 . This can be explained by the chronic @entity29 leading to dilation of the vessels (intraluminal loss) and sometimes even to a @entity397 (peritoneal loss). Push-pull enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy are the proper interventional diagnostic tools to discover PIL. Exploratory laparoscopy may be useful in unclear cases. Surgical resection of the altered intestine has been described with positive results. Exploratory laparoscopy may even be a diagnostic tool in unclear cases. Resection of the altered intestine is a treatment option in symptomatic and treatment-refractory cases.

title: Surgical therapy of primary XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema of the bowel']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']

answer: @entity9676 :: (MESH:D008201,Disease) :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) are the clinical consequence of spinal @entity170 and may be associated with @entity615 and aggravated @entity1513 . However, the relative importance of @entity174 as an underlying cause of @entity1513 and @entity615 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalent @entity174 and the size of @entity615 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Thirty-six @entity1 , aged 74.6        8.3 years, were consecutively recruited from the @entity170 unit at Uppsala University Hospital. The @entity1 had 1-9 radiographic verified @entity174 . @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) and numeric rating scale were used to measure @entity1513 and @entity158 . All @entity1 had a hyperkyphosis ( @entity1565   >=    10   cm). Notably, there were no associations between numbers or location of @entity174 versus size of @entity1513 (     =   0.15, p   =   0.4;      =   -0.27, p   =   0.12) or severity of @entity615 (     =   -0.08, p   =   0.66;      =   0.16, p   =   0.35). Furthermore, no association was evident between @entity1513 and @entity615 (     =   -0.02, p   =   0.89). There was, however, an association between size of @entity1513 and age (R   =   0.44, p   =   0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that prevalent @entity174 are not significantly associated with @entity1513 or @entity615 , in @entity1 with manifest spinal @entity170 .

title: Hyperkyphosis and @entity615 are not associated with prevalent @entity174 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral fractures', 'VFs']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1565 :: ('MESH:D056151', 'Disease') :: ['TWD', 'Tragus wall distance']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis, and back pain', 'chronic back pain', 'back pain']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) are the clinical consequence of spinal @entity170 and may be associated with @entity615 and aggravated @entity1513 . However, the relative importance of @entity174 as an underlying cause of @entity1513 and @entity615 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalent @entity174 and the size of @entity615 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Thirty-six @entity1 , aged 74.6        8.3 years, were consecutively recruited from the @entity170 unit at Uppsala University Hospital. The @entity1 had 1-9 radiographic verified @entity174 . @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) and numeric rating scale were used to measure @entity1513 and @entity158 . All @entity1 had a hyperkyphosis ( @entity1565   >=    10   cm). Notably, there were no associations between numbers or location of @entity174 versus size of @entity1513 (     =   0.15, p   =   0.4;      =   -0.27, p   =   0.12) or severity of @entity615 (     =   -0.08, p   =   0.66;      =   0.16, p   =   0.35). Furthermore, no association was evident between @entity1513 and @entity615 (     =   -0.02, p   =   0.89). There was, however, an association between size of @entity1513 and age (R   =   0.44, p   =   0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that prevalent @entity174 are not significantly associated with @entity1513 or @entity615 , in @entity1 with manifest spinal @entity170 .

title: Hyperkyphosis and XXXX are not associated with prevalent @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity170 .

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) are the clinical consequence of spinal @entity170 and may be associated with @entity615 and aggravated @entity1513 . However, the relative importance of @entity174 as an underlying cause of @entity1513 and @entity615 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalent @entity174 and the size of @entity615 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Thirty-six @entity1 , aged 74.6        8.3 years, were consecutively recruited from the @entity170 unit at Uppsala University Hospital. The @entity1 had 1-9 radiographic verified @entity174 . @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) and numeric rating scale were used to measure @entity1513 and @entity158 . All @entity1 had a hyperkyphosis ( @entity1565   >=    10   cm). Notably, there were no associations between numbers or location of @entity174 versus size of @entity1513 (     =   0.15, p   =   0.4;      =   -0.27, p   =   0.12) or severity of @entity615 (     =   -0.08, p   =   0.66;      =   0.16, p   =   0.35). Furthermore, no association was evident between @entity1513 and @entity615 (     =   -0.02, p   =   0.89). There was, however, an association between size of @entity1513 and age (R   =   0.44, p   =   0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that prevalent @entity174 are not significantly associated with @entity1513 or @entity615 , in @entity1 with manifest spinal @entity170 .

title: Hyperkyphosis and @entity615 are not associated with prevalent XXXX in @entity1 with @entity170 .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) are the clinical consequence of spinal @entity170 and may be associated with @entity615 and aggravated @entity1513 . However, the relative importance of @entity174 as an underlying cause of @entity1513 and @entity615 is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalent @entity174 and the size of @entity615 in @entity3604 @entity1 . Thirty-six @entity1 , aged 74.6        8.3 years, were consecutively recruited from the @entity170 unit at Uppsala University Hospital. The @entity1 had 1-9 radiographic verified @entity174 . @entity1565 ( @entity1565 ) and numeric rating scale were used to measure @entity1513 and @entity158 . All @entity1 had a hyperkyphosis ( @entity1565   >=    10   cm). Notably, there were no associations between numbers or location of @entity174 versus size of @entity1513 (     =   0.15, p   =   0.4;      =   -0.27, p   =   0.12) or severity of @entity615 (     =   -0.08, p   =   0.66;      =   0.16, p   =   0.35). Furthermore, no association was evident between @entity1513 and @entity615 (     =   -0.02, p   =   0.89). There was, however, an association between size of @entity1513 and age (R   =   0.44, p   =   0.008). In conclusion, these data suggest that prevalent @entity174 are not significantly associated with @entity1513 or @entity615 , in @entity1 with manifest spinal @entity170 .

title: Hyperkyphosis and @entity615 are not associated with prevalent @entity174 in XXXX with @entity170 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of chronic @entity397 poses a great challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon both technically and functionally. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a new technique for reconstruction of chronic @entity397 with defects longer than 5  cm using the @entity924 autograft wrapped in a central turndown flap from the proximal portion of the Achilles tendon. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 (14 female and 4 male; mean age, 40.7  years), having chronic @entity397 , were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up period of our @entity1 was 21.8  months. All @entity1 were assessed via the following parameters: lag of interference since the first complaint, length of the defect, length of the turndown flap and length of the harvested plantaris tendon, surgery time, complications, active range of motion at the ankle and the final score. Average values were presented as means. Independent sample t test, Mann Whitney test, paired sample t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the clinical and functional results. The results were considered statistically significant if a P value was <0.05. To analyse the time course of the gap following surgery, the data from the first MRI session were compared with those from the second and third sessions using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test. In addition, the paired data of the tendon gap disappearance rate between T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were also compared using the McNemar test. RESULTS: The mean preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 62.2 points while at the @entity1 ' last follow-up, the mean postoperative score was 94.9 points. The results of this study confirmed that both the @entity924 have been perceived with higher sensitivity in T2-weighted images than in T1-weighted images. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this new technique is biologic, synchronous and reliable in cases of chronic @entity397 with defects longer than 5  cm.

title: Functional and MRI follow-up after reconstruction of chronic XXXX using the @entity924 wrapped with central turndown flap: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon healing and tendon gap disappearance', 'triple-loop plantaris tendon']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures of the Achilles tendon', 'Achilles tendon ruptures', 'ruptures of the Achilles tendon Myerson type III']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures of the Achilles tendon Myerson type III']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of chronic @entity397 poses a great challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon both technically and functionally. The aim of this study was to assess the results of a new technique for reconstruction of chronic @entity397 with defects longer than 5  cm using the @entity924 autograft wrapped in a central turndown flap from the proximal portion of the Achilles tendon. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 (14 female and 4 male; mean age, 40.7  years), having chronic @entity397 , were enrolled in this study. The mean follow-up period of our @entity1 was 21.8  months. All @entity1 were assessed via the following parameters: lag of interference since the first complaint, length of the defect, length of the turndown flap and length of the harvested plantaris tendon, surgery time, complications, active range of motion at the ankle and the final score. Average values were presented as means. Independent sample t test, Mann Whitney test, paired sample t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the clinical and functional results. The results were considered statistically significant if a P value was <0.05. To analyse the time course of the gap following surgery, the data from the first MRI session were compared with those from the second and third sessions using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test. In addition, the paired data of the tendon gap disappearance rate between T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were also compared using the McNemar test. RESULTS: The mean preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 62.2 points while at the @entity1 ' last follow-up, the mean postoperative score was 94.9 points. The results of this study confirmed that both the @entity924 have been perceived with higher sensitivity in T2-weighted images than in T1-weighted images. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this new technique is biologic, synchronous and reliable in cases of chronic @entity397 with defects longer than 5  cm.

title: Functional and MRI follow-up after reconstruction of chronic @entity397 using the XXXX wrapped with central turndown flap: a case series.

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['triple-loop plantaris tendon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of @entity1 with @entity2316 , and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( @entity11240 ) on early renal glomerular proliferation in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity11240 (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to @entity6 @entity35 for 16 weeks. Blood @entity413 and @entity633 were measured. Renal histology, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression levels were also examined. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of treatment with @entity11240 , severe @entity4854 and @entity633 were observed in the @entity6 @entity35 . The expressions levels of @entity1918 and @entity1975 proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . However, @entity11240 markedly reduced @entity633 in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity11240 inhibited @entity1918 and @entity1975 up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-Ss protein expression in the @entity6 @entity35 . In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-Ss was inhibited by @entity11240 as shown by an in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity11240 has an inhibitory effect on @entity7622 in @entity2316 via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. @entity11240 may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of @entity2316 via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal tissues']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of @entity1 with @entity2316 , and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( @entity11240 ) on early renal glomerular proliferation in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity11240 (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to @entity6 @entity35 for 16 weeks. Blood @entity413 and @entity633 were measured. Renal histology, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression levels were also examined. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of treatment with @entity11240 , severe @entity4854 and @entity633 were observed in the @entity6 @entity35 . The expressions levels of @entity1918 and @entity1975 proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . However, @entity11240 markedly reduced @entity633 in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity11240 inhibited @entity1918 and @entity1975 up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-Ss protein expression in the @entity6 @entity35 . In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-Ss was inhibited by @entity11240 as shown by an in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity11240 has an inhibitory effect on @entity7622 in @entity2316 via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. @entity11240 may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of @entity2316 via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in @entity3839 -induced XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of @entity1 with @entity2316 , and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( @entity11240 ) on early renal glomerular proliferation in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity11240 (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to @entity6 @entity35 for 16 weeks. Blood @entity413 and @entity633 were measured. Renal histology, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression levels were also examined. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of treatment with @entity11240 , severe @entity4854 and @entity633 were observed in the @entity6 @entity35 . The expressions levels of @entity1918 and @entity1975 proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . However, @entity11240 markedly reduced @entity633 in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity11240 inhibited @entity1918 and @entity1975 up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-Ss protein expression in the @entity6 @entity35 . In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-Ss was inhibited by @entity11240 as shown by an in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity11240 has an inhibitory effect on @entity7622 in @entity2316 via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. @entity11240 may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of XXXX via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetes-induced mesangial cell dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of @entity1 with @entity2316 , and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( @entity11240 ) on early renal glomerular proliferation in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity11240 (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to @entity6 @entity35 for 16 weeks. Blood @entity413 and @entity633 were measured. Renal histology, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression levels were also examined. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of treatment with @entity11240 , severe @entity4854 and @entity633 were observed in the @entity6 @entity35 . The expressions levels of @entity1918 and @entity1975 proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . However, @entity11240 markedly reduced @entity633 in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity11240 inhibited @entity1918 and @entity1975 up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-Ss protein expression in the @entity6 @entity35 . In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-Ss was inhibited by @entity11240 as shown by an in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity11240 has an inhibitory effect on @entity7622 in @entity2316 via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. @entity11240 may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of @entity2316 via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: A phospholipid complex (TFH-PC) was prepared to increase the oral bioavailability of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 from TFH (total @entity4212 of Hippophae rhamnoides L.). METHODS: Solvent evaporation was used to prepare TFH-PC. Relevant parameters were investigated based on the complexation rate of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray power diffraction (X-RPD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization. Solubility, @entity10333 -water partition coefficient (log P), dissolution rate, and in vivo pharmacokinetics were also investigated. RESULTS: TFH-PC was successfully prepared in @entity6188 with a drug to phospholipid ratio of 1:1, reaction temperature of 20     C, and a reaction time of 1   h. The complexation rates of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 were 97.7%, 95.97%, and 92.23%, respectively. FT-IR, DSC, X-RPD, and SEM confirmed the formation of TFH-PC. The aqueous solubilities of the three @entity3088 in TFH-PC increased 22.0-26.8-fold compared with TFH. The dissolution of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 in TFH-PC was 84.32%, 90.77%, and 100% within 10   min, respectively, greatly improved over TFH. After oral administration of TFH-PC in @entity35 , the bioavailability of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 in TFH-PC relative to TFH was 223%, 172%, and 242%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The oral absorption of @entity58010 , @entity15605 , and @entity3092 was significantly improved in TFH-PC, mainly due to increased solubility and dissolution rate. This phospholipid complex shows potential for oral delivery of the @entity3088 in TFH.

title: A phospholipid complex to improve the oral bioavailability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity6188 :: ('MESH:C018674', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydrofuran']

entities_list: @entity4212 :: ('MESH:D047309', 'Chemical') :: ['flavones']

entities_list: @entity58010 :: ('MESH:C047368', 'Chemical') :: ['isorhamnetin']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

answer: @entity3088 :: (MESH:D005419,Chemical) :: ['flavonoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications associated with the occurrence and treatment of impacted maxillary @entity235 . METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 533 Southern Chinese @entity1 and adolescents who attended the Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Clinics and had at least one impacted maxillary @entity235 . The study material included all the documentation files and radiographs of these @entity1 . Complications that had been recorded in the clinical and surgical notes and that could be diagnosed from the available radiographs were noted. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: The most frequently reported phenomenon associated with the occurrence of impacted maxillary @entity235 (prior to surgical treatment) was root resorption of an adjacent permanent tooth in 22 (4.1%) @entity1 . The most frequently reported sequelae observed after any surgical procedure was swelling of the soft tissues around the operation site which often persisted for 48h as seen in 76 (18.8%) @entity1 . Complications reported most commonly after any form of surgery included @entity548 : 7(1.7%), @entity1410 : 7(1.7%), post-operative @entity158 : 6(1.5%) and purulent discharge: 6(1.5%), post-operative complications in relation to surgical exposure and bonding of an attachment which included breakage of ligature wire: 5.7%; de-bonding of the attachment: 4.3% and inability to bond the attachment during surgery: 1.4% occurred rarely. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of root resorption of teeth adjacent to an impacted maxillary @entity235 was low. Swelling of the soft tissue 48h post-operatively was the most commonly occurring complication after surgical intervention.

title: Complications associated with the occurrence and treatment of impacted maxillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anthropogenic disturbances can lead to intense selection pressures on traits and very rapid evolutionary changes. Evolutionary responses to environmental changes, in turn, reflect changes in the genetic structure of the traits, accompanied by a reduction of evolutionary potential of the populations under selection. Assessing the effects of pollutants on the evolutionary responses and on the genetic structure of populations is thus important to understanding the mechanisms that entail specialization to novel environmental conditions or resistance to novel stressors. RESULTS: Using an experimental evolution approach we exposed @entity2199 populations to @entity595 , salt and alternating @entity595 -salt environments over 22 generations. We analyzed the changes in the average values of life history traits and the consequences at the demographic level in these populations. We also estimated the phenotypic and genetic (co)variance structure of these traits at different generations. Compared to populations in salt, populations in @entity595 showed a reduction of the stability of their trait structure and a higher capacity to respond by acclimation. However, the evolutionary responses of traits were generally lower for @entity595 compared to salt treatment; and the evolutionary responses to the alternating @entity595 -salt environment were between those of constant environments. Consequently, at the end of the experiment, the population rate of increase was higher in @entity595 than in salt and intermediate in the alternating environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our multigenerational experiment confirmed that rapid adaptation to different polluted environments may involve different evolutionary responses resulting in demographic consequences. These changes are partly explained by the effects of the pollutants on the genetic (co)variance structure of traits and the capacity of acclimation to novel conditions. Finally, our results in the alternating environment may confirm the selection of a generalist type in this environment.

title: Rapid evolutionary responses of life history traits to different experimentally-induced pollutions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the experimental design for a methodological approach to determine whether directed adaptive mutation occurs in @entity1 cells. Identification of directed adaptive mutation would have profound practical significance for a wide variety of biomedical problems, including disease development and resistance to treatment. In adaptive mutation, the genetic or epigenetic change is not random; instead, the presence and type of selection influences the frequency and character of the mutation event. Adaptive mutation can contribute to the evolution of microbial pathogenesis, @entity5 , and drug resistance, and may become a focus of novel therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE: Our experimental approach was designed to distinguish between 3 types of mutation: (1) random mutations that are independent of selective pressure, (2) undirected adaptive mutations that arise when selective pressure induces a general increase in the mutation rate, and (3) directed adaptive mutations that arise when selective pressure induces targeted mutations that specifically influence the adaptive response. The purpose of this report is to introduce an experimental design and describe limited pilot experiment data (not to describe a complete set of experiments); hence, it is an early report. METHODS: An experimental design based on immortalization of @entity19 embryonic fibroblast cells is presented that links clonal cell growth to reversal of an inactivating polyadenylation site mutation. Thus, cells exhibit growth only in the presence of both the countermutation and an inducing agent ( @entity3403 ). The type and frequency of mutation in the presence or absence of @entity3403 will be evaluated. Additional experimental approaches would determine whether the cells exhibit a generalized increase in mutation rate and/or whether the cells show altered expression of error-prone DNA polymerases or of mismatch repair proteins. RESULTS: We performed the initial stages of characterizing our system and have limited preliminary data from several pilot experiments. Cell growth and DNA sequence data indicate that we have identified a cell clone that exhibits several suitable characteristics, although further study is required to identify a more optimal cell clone. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental approach is based on a quantum biological model of basis-dependent selection describing a novel mechanism of adaptive mutation. This project is currently inactive due to lack of funding. However, consistent with the objective of early reports, we describe a proposed study that has not produced publishable results, but is worthy of report because of the hypothesis, experimental design, and protocols. We outline the project's rationale and experimental design, with its strengths and weaknesses, to stimulate discussion and analysis, and lay the foundation for future studies in this field.

title: Experimental design to evaluate directed adaptive mutation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: We present two cases of concurrent development of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) and one related to clonal B-cell @entity6113 ( @entity5315 ). Both @entity1 were referred for @entity6113 and @entity1148 . A bone marrow biopsy revealed infiltration of small, mature lymphocytes and @entity1373 . Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and immunoglobulin (IG) gene clonality tests revealed clonal B lymphocytes. Both @entity1 were positive for the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation in whole bone marrow aspirate. The @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation was present in isolated B lymphocytes of @entity1 1, but not @entity1 2. Cytogenetics were normal in both @entity1 . An array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses of B cells revealed a gain of 4q28.3, which is reported in @entity1893 , in @entity1 1, and deletion 22q11.22, which is associated with @entity1072 , and a gain of Xp22.31 in @entity1 2. In both @entity1 , B cells showed no @entity5 ( @entity5 )-specific @entity74 . These results suggest that different oncogenic mechanisms in each cell lineage may underlie the concurrent development of @entity4407 and @entity1072 (or @entity5315 ). Array CGH may be helpful in identifying the pathogenic mechanism in cases of concurrent development of @entity706 and @entity5 .

title: Two cases of concurrent development of @entity4407 with XXXX , one related to clonal B-cell @entity6113 , tested by array comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasm', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: We present two cases of concurrent development of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) and one related to clonal B-cell @entity6113 ( @entity5315 ). Both @entity1 were referred for @entity6113 and @entity1148 . A bone marrow biopsy revealed infiltration of small, mature lymphocytes and @entity1373 . Flow cytometric immunophenotyping and immunoglobulin (IG) gene clonality tests revealed clonal B lymphocytes. Both @entity1 were positive for the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation in whole bone marrow aspirate. The @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation was present in isolated B lymphocytes of @entity1 1, but not @entity1 2. Cytogenetics were normal in both @entity1 . An array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses of B cells revealed a gain of 4q28.3, which is reported in @entity1893 , in @entity1 1, and deletion 22q11.22, which is associated with @entity1072 , and a gain of Xp22.31 in @entity1 2. In both @entity1 , B cells showed no @entity5 ( @entity5 )-specific @entity74 . These results suggest that different oncogenic mechanisms in each cell lineage may underlie the concurrent development of @entity4407 and @entity1072 (or @entity5315 ). Array CGH may be helpful in identifying the pathogenic mechanism in cases of concurrent development of @entity706 and @entity5 .

title: Two cases of concurrent development of @entity4407 with @entity1072 , one related to clonal B-cell XXXX , tested by array comparative genomic hybridization.

answer: @entity6113 :: (MESH:D008218,Disease) :: ['lymphocytosis']