abstract: Acute central administration of galanin has been reported to increase fat consumption. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that repeated injections of galanin would elicit @entity7298 and @entity1017 and that this response would depend on the available diet. Male @entity35 were fed high (56% energy) or low (10% energy) fat diets. Galanin (300 pmol) or saline vehicle was injected into the third ventricle twice daily for 7 days and three times daily for another 6 days. On both the high- @entity1735 and high-fat diets, twice daily @entity16424 increased daytime food intake, but there was a compensatory decrease in nighttime intake. The addition of a third, nighttime injection of galanin was ineffective in producing an increase in total 24-h intake. There was no significant increase in body weight during galanin treatment in @entity35 eating either diet although animals eating the high-fat diet gained more weight as reflected by a significant increase in epididymal fat pad weight. Galanin treatment had no effects on serum insulin, @entity413 or @entity2819 concentrations, measured at the end of the experiment. However, animals fed the high-fat diet had significantly higher insulin concentrations at the time of sacrifice. Although repeated central infusions of galanin reliably stimulated daytime intake of both diets, they failed to increase total daily energy intake or body weight.

title: Chronic cerebroventricular galanin does not induce sustained XXXX or obesity.

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7298 :: (MESH:D006963,Disease) :: ['hyperphagia']


abstract: The @entity19 @entity71865 -encoding gene (alpha B-cry) is highly expressed in the lens and expressed to lesser extents in other tissues. Here, we investigated alpha B-cry expression in @entity19 -lung-derived MLg cells. Two sizes of MLg alpha B-cry transcripts comigrated with alpha B-cry transcripts contained in total and poly(A)+RNA from @entity19 lung, with preference for the larger species in the MLg cells. Expression of both alpha B-cry promoter/cat reporter gene constructs and alpha B-cry enhancer (nt -427/-259)/herpes simplex virus (HSV) @entity1014 kinase promoter (ptk)/ @entity1 growth hormone reporter gene (hGH) constructs was studied in transfected MLg cells and the results compared with those obtained from alpha TN4-1 lens and C2C12 muscle cells. The alpha B-cry enhancer increased activity of the endogenous and tk promoters approx. 2-fold in the MLg cells, in contrast to its 3-7-fold effect in alpha TN4-1 cells and 17-20-fold effect in C2C12 myotubes. Site-specific mutagenesis of the previously identified enhancer control elements, alpha B-E-1 (nt -407 to -397), alpha BE-2 (-360 to -327) and @entity19577 (-300 to -288), decreased enhancer strength in transfected MLg cells. @entity9828 footprinting showed that MLg nuclear proteins occupy only alpha BE-1 and alpha BE-2. Previous data have shown that lens cells use alpha BE-1, alpha BE-2 and alpha BE-3, while muscle cells use, in addition, the @entity19577 ( @entity19577 ). Thus, the present experiments correlate tissue-specific enhancer strength and the number of control elements utilized.

title: Differential use of the regulatory elements of the XXXX enhancer in cultured @entity19 lung (MLg), lens (alpha TN4-1) and muscle (C2C12) cells.

entities_list: @entity19577 :: ('225908(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MRF', 'muscle regulatory factor-binding site']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity71865 :: (12955(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['alpha B-crystallin']


abstract: The @entity19 @entity71865 -encoding gene (alpha B-cry) is highly expressed in the lens and expressed to lesser extents in other tissues. Here, we investigated alpha B-cry expression in @entity19 -lung-derived MLg cells. Two sizes of MLg alpha B-cry transcripts comigrated with alpha B-cry transcripts contained in total and poly(A)+RNA from @entity19 lung, with preference for the larger species in the MLg cells. Expression of both alpha B-cry promoter/cat reporter gene constructs and alpha B-cry enhancer (nt -427/-259)/herpes simplex virus (HSV) @entity1014 kinase promoter (ptk)/ @entity1 growth hormone reporter gene (hGH) constructs was studied in transfected MLg cells and the results compared with those obtained from alpha TN4-1 lens and C2C12 muscle cells. The alpha B-cry enhancer increased activity of the endogenous and tk promoters approx. 2-fold in the MLg cells, in contrast to its 3-7-fold effect in alpha TN4-1 cells and 17-20-fold effect in C2C12 myotubes. Site-specific mutagenesis of the previously identified enhancer control elements, alpha B-E-1 (nt -407 to -397), alpha BE-2 (-360 to -327) and @entity19577 (-300 to -288), decreased enhancer strength in transfected MLg cells. @entity9828 footprinting showed that MLg nuclear proteins occupy only alpha BE-1 and alpha BE-2. Previous data have shown that lens cells use alpha BE-1, alpha BE-2 and alpha BE-3, while muscle cells use, in addition, the @entity19577 ( @entity19577 ). Thus, the present experiments correlate tissue-specific enhancer strength and the number of control elements utilized.

title: Differential use of the regulatory elements of the @entity71865 enhancer in cultured XXXX lung (MLg), lens (alpha TN4-1) and muscle (C2C12) cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: African Americans (AAs) have been shown to exhibit a higher incidence of @entity14 and experience lower survival compared with whites. There is disagreement regarding the age at which to initiate screening in AAs. OBJECTIVES: To calculate the age-specific incidence in AAs compared with whites while controlling for differences in @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and to calculate the joinpoint at which the incidence begins to increase in each race. DESIGN: Retrospective database review. SETTING: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity694 or rectum from 2000 through 2011 in the SEER 18 database. INTERVENTIONS: We calculated the joinpoint of the upward trend of the age-adjusted incidence rate to determine the age at which the slope of the incidence curve began to increase in each race, while controlling for differences in @entity159 by using a composite socioeconomic index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Age-adjusted incidence of @entity694 . RESULTS: The age-specific incidence of @entity14 (cases per 100,000 population) was 0.3 versus 0.4 in whites compared with AAs at 20 years of age. At 50 years of age, the incidence was 44.2 compared with 62.6 in whites compared with AAs. The model indicated a joinpoint at 47 years of age for whites (95% confidence interval, 45-49) and 43 for AAs (95% confidence interval, 42-45) (P  < .001.) When @entity159 was considered in stratification, joinpoints for whites were 48, 47, and 46 at high, middle, and low @entity159 , respectively. Conversely, joinpoints of 43, 44, and 42 in the corresponding @entity159 for AAs were noted (P   <= .001). LIMITATIONS: There was no intervention, and we cannot conclude that changing screening policy would affect this disparity. CONCLUSION: There is a disparity in the age-specific incidence of @entity14 in AAs compared with whites beginning at 45 years of age. These differences persist across socioeconomic strata.

title: African Americans should be screened at an earlier age for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon', 'colon and rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Using immunocytochemistry combined with confocal and electron microscopy, the secretory pathways related to substance @entity10133 ), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ), galanin (GAL), and neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 ) were investigated in neurons in @entity35 lumbar (L) 4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) before and after peripheral axotomy. All four peptides were processed through the regulated secretory pathway in many small neurons in normal DRGs, and @entity4655 through this pathway also in some large neurons. In many small neurons, two neuropeptides could be sorted into the same or separate large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs). The LDCVs had a significantly larger diameter in small as compared to large DRG neurons. Fourteen days after sciatic nerve cut, the levels of SP- and @entity4655 -like immunoreactivities (-LIs) and the number of LDCVs containing these peptides were markedly reduced, but SP- and @entity4655 -LIs were still seen in the regulated pathway. GAL- @entity3162 was markedly increased in many small neurons and some large neurons and @entity10969 - @entity3162 mainly in large neurons. Both peptides were particularly abundant in the Golgi region. In small neurons, the number of LDCVs containing GAL- or @entity10969 - @entity3162 was increased, but did not appear to reach the numbers containing SP- or @entity4655 - @entity3162 in normal DRG neurons. After axotomy, @entity4655 - @entity3162 and GAL- @entity3162 were often in separate LDCVs. One type of @entity10969 -positive large neurons showed budding off of LDCVs after axotomy, but also some "scattered" labeling in the cytoplasm. In the second type, @entity10969 - @entity3162 was mainly found in multivesicular bodies. In several myelinated nerve fibers a "diffuse" distribution of @entity10969 was seen together with some LDCVs containing @entity10969 - @entity3162 . In contrast, in unmyelinated nerve fibers, @entity10969 -, GAL-, SP-, and @entity4655 -LIs were always observed in LDCVs. Thus, both in normal and axotomized DRG neurons, peptides are processed through the regulated pathway. However, in some large neurons, @entity10969 is, in addition, secreted through the constitutive pathway, perhaps as a consequence of limited sorting mechanisms for @entity10969 , i.e., the plasticity of the secretory mechanisms does not match the rate of peptide synthesis after axotomy.

title: Secretory pathways of neuropeptides in XXXX lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons and effects of peripheral axotomy.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate and timely diagnosis of @entity46 is associated with @entity911 . Clinical manifestations, imaging techniques, biomarkers and surgical techniques are used as diagnostic approaches. This paper reviews current evidence on clinical manifestation in order to help practitioners and perhaps improve @entity1 's health. METHODS: A review of the literature on clinical diagnosis of @entity530 that appeared in the English language biomedical journals was performed using PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The search strategy included the combination of key words ' @entity46 ' and 'diagnosis' or 'clinical diagnosis' in the titles or abstracts of articles. The search included all papers published during the year 2000 to 2014. Then, the findings were classified in order to summarize the evidence. RESULTS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, in all 51 papers were found relevant and included in this review. In general we found three categories of diagnostic approaches for clinical manifestation including: i) diagnosis via symptoms obtained from history taking, ii) diagnosis via signs obtained from physical examination and iii) diagnosis via risk factors obtained from history taking. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of @entity46 is a matter of concern. Since the disease is associated with diverse clinical symptoms and signs, deeper and more comprehensive consideration according to @entity1 's history and clinical findings is recommended for early and more accurate detection in order to prioritize @entity1 for further investigation and contribute to its early management.

title: Clinical diagnosis of XXXX : a scoping review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic endometriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The treatment of refractory and super refractory @entity159 is a "terra incognita" from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. As randomized or controlled studies that are sufficiently powered are not feasible in relation to the many therapies and treatment approaches available, we carried out an online multinational audit (registry) in which neurologists or intensivists caring for @entity1 with @entity159 may prospectively enter @entity1 who required general anesthesia to control the @entity159 ( @entity159 ). To date, 488 cases from 44 different countries have been collected. Most of the @entity1 had no history of @entity302 and had a cryptogenic etiology. First-line treatment was delayed and not in line with current guidelines. The most widely used anesthetic of first choice was @entity1363 (59%), followed by @entity1875 and barbiturates. @entity3652 was used in most severe cases. Other therapies were administered in 35% of the cases, mainly @entity230 and immunotherapy. @entity410 control was achieved in 74% of the @entity1 . Twenty-two percent of @entity1 died during treatment, and four percent had treatment actively withdrawn because of an anticipated poor outcome. The neurological outcome was good in 36% and poor in 39.3% of cases, while 25% died during hospitalization. Factors that positively influenced outcome were younger age, history of @entity302 , and low number of different anesthetics tried. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled " @entity159 ".

title: Preliminary results of the global audit of treatment of refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE', 'Status Epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the efficacy of double- and triple-screening paradigms for Down syndrome and to develop a more logical, statistical approach to risk prediction that will decrease the cost of screening and allow the incorporation of new parameters appropriately weighted for their contribution. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 24,504 @entity1 who had biochemical screening for Down syndrome by single ( @entity160 ), double ( @entity160 , beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin), or triple screening ( @entity160 , beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated @entity11111 ) who had complete outcome information were analyzed by (1) existing gaussian-based methods, (2) the Glasgow ratio method, and (3) a new statistical approach (i.e., directly adjusted data sets for discriminant @entity2007 [DADs]) RESULTS: By use of individual risk-based thresholds for "at risk" status, both double and triple screening performed far better than single screening, but the percentages of @entity1 at risk varied widely. When the percentages at risk were held constant, the sensitivity of double and triple screenings was similar, suggesting that there are no benefits of using @entity11111 as a third marker. For 25,000 @entity1 the use of only @entity160 and beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin would save about  500,000, with no decrease in sensitivity. With the DADs approach a statistically sound model giving more stable estimates was developed that permits each factor to be analyzed for its own explained proportion of variance and allows each parameter to have different weighting. For this data set the same sensitivity was seen with, conservatively, a 1% reduction in the percentage of @entity1 at risk, which would reduce by 250 the number of amniocenteses, at a further savings of about  400,000. CONCLUSIONS: By use of existing methods, double screening is equally as effective as triple screening, so that the expense of @entity11111 is unnecessary. The DADs approach, by allowing for variable weighting of parameters, lowers the at risk percentage and will permit a much more flexible approach as new parameters become available. Changing to DADs and eliminating @entity11111 should achieve higher specificity for the same sensitivity and save, conservatively, about  900,000 in this series. Extrapolated nationally, if confirmed, the annual savings could approach  72,000,000.

title: MOMs (multiples of the median) and DADs (discriminant XXXX ): improved specificity and cost-effectiveness of biochemical screening for aneuploidy with DADs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy detection']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy detection']


abstract: Lipoprotein(a) [( @entity3452 )], a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle, contains in addition to LDL a specific protein component, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Conventionally, @entity3452 ) has been measured by immunological methods that distinguish between @entity3452 ) and LDL by dealing with apo(a) as an antigen. We describe a new method to determine @entity3452 ) on the basis of its @entity165 content. Very-low-density lipoproteins were removed from serum by preparative ultracentrifugation at a density of 1.006 kg/L. The infranate was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to separate @entity3452 ) and LDL. @entity3452 ) @entity165 was then determined by direct enzymatic staining for @entity165 . On electrophoresis of the > 1.006 kg/L (bottom) fraction, @entity3452 ) migrates to the pre-beta position, regardless of the genetic apo(a) isoform. The interassay CVs of @entity3452 ) @entity165 determinations ranged from 6.9% to 11.5%, and the results correlated well with the @entity3452 ) concentrations measured by immunonephelometry (r = 0.937). There was an inverse relation between the molecular mass of the genetically determined apo(a) isoforms and @entity3452 ) @entity165 concentrations. @entity1 with angiographically proven @entity453 ( @entity453 ) had significantly more @entity3452 ) @entity165 than healthy controls did. The ratio of @entity3452 ) @entity165 to immunologically determined @entity3452 ) tended to be lower in @entity453 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity3452 ) particles contained less @entity165 than apo(a). In addition, the new method allows determination of LDL @entity165 without contamination by @entity3452 ).

title: Direct determination of lipoprotein(a) XXXX by ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis with enzymatic staining for @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Lipoprotein(a) [( @entity3452 )], a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle, contains in addition to LDL a specific protein component, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Conventionally, @entity3452 ) has been measured by immunological methods that distinguish between @entity3452 ) and LDL by dealing with apo(a) as an antigen. We describe a new method to determine @entity3452 ) on the basis of its @entity165 content. Very-low-density lipoproteins were removed from serum by preparative ultracentrifugation at a density of 1.006 kg/L. The infranate was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to separate @entity3452 ) and LDL. @entity3452 ) @entity165 was then determined by direct enzymatic staining for @entity165 . On electrophoresis of the > 1.006 kg/L (bottom) fraction, @entity3452 ) migrates to the pre-beta position, regardless of the genetic apo(a) isoform. The interassay CVs of @entity3452 ) @entity165 determinations ranged from 6.9% to 11.5%, and the results correlated well with the @entity3452 ) concentrations measured by immunonephelometry (r = 0.937). There was an inverse relation between the molecular mass of the genetically determined apo(a) isoforms and @entity3452 ) @entity165 concentrations. @entity1 with angiographically proven @entity453 ( @entity453 ) had significantly more @entity3452 ) @entity165 than healthy controls did. The ratio of @entity3452 ) @entity165 to immunologically determined @entity3452 ) tended to be lower in @entity453 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity3452 ) particles contained less @entity165 than apo(a). In addition, the new method allows determination of LDL @entity165 without contamination by @entity3452 ).

title: Direct determination of lipoprotein(a) @entity165 by ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis with enzymatic staining for XXXX .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The outcome of epidural @entity1286 therapy is described in 146 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 who were treated by a community hospital-based @entity158 service. The routine procedure used a standard epidural catheter that was tunneled subcutaneously. One hundred and twenty-one @entity1 improved and stayed on lifelong or chronic epidural opioids. Mean treatment time was 92 days (median, 47; range, 2-2040); 49% of the time was spent as outpatients. Twenty-five @entity1 failed to respond to the treatment. The oral daily @entity1286 -equivalent dose prior to inclusion was 164 mg. The mean daily epidural start dose of @entity1286 was 18 mg (range, 6-120), and the mean daily dose at termination was 69 mg (range, 2-540). The dose escalations, described as the ratio of the maximum dose to the minimum maintenance start dose, were moderate, with a mean of 4.1 (median, 2.5), which corresponded to a percent increase of 5.1 (median, 2.7) per @entity1 per day. Lack of effect due to the character of the original symptoms or progression of @entity158 was the main reason for withdrawal from epidural opioid therapy (N = 27), followed by catheter-related problems (N = 9) and @entity532 (N = 5). Also due to @entity532 , epidural @entity1286 therapy was changed to @entity4783 or @entity284 in 19 @entity1 . Adjuvant systemic opioids were given to ten @entity1 and epidural local anesthetics were administered to 17 of the subjects. @entity9 , certain visceral @entity158 types, incident @entity158 on movement, and @entity158 from cutaneous ulcerations were characteristics of poor responders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcomes of epidural XXXX treatment in @entity5 : nine years of clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related complications']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The outcome of epidural @entity1286 therapy is described in 146 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 who were treated by a community hospital-based @entity158 service. The routine procedure used a standard epidural catheter that was tunneled subcutaneously. One hundred and twenty-one @entity1 improved and stayed on lifelong or chronic epidural opioids. Mean treatment time was 92 days (median, 47; range, 2-2040); 49% of the time was spent as outpatients. Twenty-five @entity1 failed to respond to the treatment. The oral daily @entity1286 -equivalent dose prior to inclusion was 164 mg. The mean daily epidural start dose of @entity1286 was 18 mg (range, 6-120), and the mean daily dose at termination was 69 mg (range, 2-540). The dose escalations, described as the ratio of the maximum dose to the minimum maintenance start dose, were moderate, with a mean of 4.1 (median, 2.5), which corresponded to a percent increase of 5.1 (median, 2.7) per @entity1 per day. Lack of effect due to the character of the original symptoms or progression of @entity158 was the main reason for withdrawal from epidural opioid therapy (N = 27), followed by catheter-related problems (N = 9) and @entity532 (N = 5). Also due to @entity532 , epidural @entity1286 therapy was changed to @entity4783 or @entity284 in 19 @entity1 . Adjuvant systemic opioids were given to ten @entity1 and epidural local anesthetics were administered to 17 of the subjects. @entity9 , certain visceral @entity158 types, incident @entity158 on movement, and @entity158 from cutaneous ulcerations were characteristics of poor responders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcomes of epidural @entity1286 treatment in XXXX : nine years of clinical experience.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the features of circumscribed @entity3193 using spectral-domain enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI- @entity6653 ). DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 with newly diagnosed circumscribed @entity3193 . METHODS: Spectral-domain EDI- @entity6653 was performed with a Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + @entity6653 (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor thickness and EDI- @entity6653 features. RESULTS: The mean @entity5 diameter for all eyes was 5.4 mm and mean @entity5 thickness was 1187  m by EDI- @entity6653 compared to 2400  m by ultrasonography. EDI- @entity6653 imaged all @entity5 as smooth with a gently sloping anterior contour, gradual choroidal expansion, expansion of medium and large size choroidal vessels without compression of choriocapillaris, and intact Bruch's membrane (n = 10, 100%). The height of the medium and large @entity5 compared to normal medium and large vessels was comparatively increased by a mean of 265% (medium vessels) and 576% (large vessels). Outer @entity989 included subretinal fluid (n = 7, 70%), lipofuscin deposition (n = 1, 10%), irregularity and thinning of retinal pigment epithelium and @entity2048 or irregularity of the ellipsoid layer (n = 4, 40%), absent external limiting membrane (n = 2, 20%), and disruption of the outer nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer (n = 3, 30%). The inner @entity989 included irregularity of inner nuclear layer and structural loss or @entity4 of @entity389 (n = 3, 30%). The ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer were intact (n = 10, 100%). CONCLUSION: EDI- @entity6653 of circumscribed @entity3193 depicts a smooth, gently sloping choroidal mass with expansion of medium and large size choroidal vessels without compression of the choriocapillaris. @entity989 were noted.

title: Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of circumscribed XXXX in 10 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'choroidal vessels within the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal hemangioma', 'choroidal hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner plexiform layer']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Structural abnormalities of outer and inner retinal layers', 'retinal abnormalities']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroidal hemangioma']


abstract: We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of PSA density (PSAD) in a prospective study of 100 @entity1 consulting for various @entity5450 . PSAD was calculated by the ratio of serum PSA over the ultrasonographic volume of the prostate gland, and was expressed in ng/ml/ml. The mean PSAD of 31 @entity1 with @entity263 was significantly higher than that of the 69 @entity1 without @entity263 (p = 0.0003). The @entity1 were classified into two groups according to the serum PSA value. Forty nine @entity1 had a serum PSA < or = 10 ng/ml, 31 of whom had a PSAD < or = 0.15 ng/ml/ml and 29 of these 31 @entity1 (94%) did not have @entity263 ; 18 @entity1 had a PSAD > 0.15 ng/ml/ml and six of them (33%) had @entity263 (p = 0.04). Fifty one @entity1 had a serum PSA > 10 ng/ml and 23 of them (45%) has @entity263 ; 14 of these 51 @entity1 had a PSAD < or = 0.30 ng/ml/ml and two of them (14%    had @entity263 ; 37 @entity1 had a PSAD > 0.30 ng/ml/ml, 21 of whom (57%) had @entity263 (p = 0.016). Twenty one of these 31 @entity1 with @entity263 were candidates for radical prostatectomy. Four @entity1 were N+ and 17 underwent radical prostatectomy. Capsular invasion was significantly correlated with PSAD. None of the four @entity1 with PSAD < or = 0.30 ng/ml/ml showed capsular invasion, while 11 of the 13 @entity1 (85%) with PSAD > 0.30 ng/ml/ml had capsular invasion. In conclusion, in @entity1 with PSA < or = 10 ng/ml, calculation of the PSAD avoids approximately two-thirds of prostatic biopsies, with a very low risk of missing a clinically significant @entity5 . On the other hand, PSAD is of more limited value in @entity1 with PSA > 10 ng/ml. In @entity5 considered to be operable clinically, the cut-off value of 0.30 ng/ml/ml for PSAD is predictive of capsular or lymph node invasion with a diagnostic accuracy of 94%.

title: [The value of PSA density for the diagnosis of XXXX and for the indication of radical prostatectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) has been gaining acceptance as a preferred approach for the treatment of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). In addition to treating acute @entity1150 and decreasing the risk of @entity1151 , it has been reported that direct extraction of the @entity715 decreases the risk of @entity715 ( @entity715 ), the economic impact of managing which is reported to account for 75% of the total cost of management of @entity1150 @entity1 . PMT combines localized thrombolysis with mechanical thrombectomy. Recently, there have been some reports of reversible @entity810 ( @entity810 ) occurring post-PMT. The pathophysiology of @entity810 in such cases is due to @entity8763 -associated @entity4295 . Therefore, the overall prognosis of @entity810 post-PMT has been reported to be good. We report here a case of @entity810 post-PMT for an extensive @entity1150 of the lower extremity whereby the @entity1 continues to require @entity2033 even 5 months after the procedure. The @entity1 had normal renal function prior to the procedure and evidence of @entity8763 at the time of diagnosis of @entity810 . Our case illustrates that @entity1 with a large @entity715 load may develop severe @entity810 post-PMT thus requiring hemodialysis for an extended period of time. Limiting the length of time that the mechanical thrombectomy is performed and quantifying the amount of effluent obtained would appear to be a prudent practice to reduce the risks of @entity177 . However, no specific guidelines exist as for the limits of hemolysed exudates to be collected.

title: XXXX post-percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy.

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['acute deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'PTS', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Prolonged renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Needle-knife sphincterotomy (NKS), known as 'precut', is used worldwide to facilitate access to the common bile duct when standard cannulation has failed. This procedure is considered hazardous because it is burdened with high procedural related complications ( @entity548 and perforation). Its right timing is still debated. In this study we report our results using a modified precut approach, early shallow needle-knife papillotomy (eSNKP) coupled with guidewire cannulation in case of @entity1829 . We evaluated its safety and effectiveness. METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 1034 @entity1 underwent therapeutic ERCP. A total of 138 of them presented @entity1829 and were treated with eSNKP performed after 5 failed attempts of standard guidewire cannulation. Deep biliary cannulation rate was recorded, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complication rate. RESULTS: Successful biliary deep cannulation was achieved in 132/138 @entity1 (95.7%) by means of eSNKP. In 6 @entity1 (4.3%), cannulation failed even after eSNKP. ERCP was newly performed 72 hours later with successful and immediate guidewire biliary cannulation. Overall morbidity was 10.1% (14/138). No perforation occurred. @entity548 occurred in 4/138 cases (2.9%) and 10/138 @entity1 (7.2%) developed mild @entity788 . CONCLUSION: In case of @entity1829 , eSNKP followed by guidewire cannulation increases the successful deep biliary cannulation with low rate of complications.

title: Early 'shallow' needle-knife papillotomy and guidewire cannulation: an effective and safe approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['difficult papilla']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Minor bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['difficult papilla']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes of @entity4008 in school-age survivors. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Teaching pediatric hospital. @entity1 : During 1983 through 1986, 158 @entity693 survivors, ages 3 months to 14 years, treated at a single center were enrolled. Between 1991 and 1993, 130 @entity1 , 82% of the original cohort, were evaluated at a mean age of 8.4 years and a mean of 6.7 years after their @entity693 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Blinded neurologic, neuropsychologic, audiologic, behavior, and socio-demographic assessments were compared with those from grade- and sex-matched control @entity1 . Multivariate analyses adjusted for age at testing and socio-demographic variables. RESULTS: There was a systematic increase in risk of abnormality or poorer functioning for @entity1 with @entity693 , compared with control @entity1 , across all categories tested, which was significant for fine motor function, Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores, and tests of school behavior, neuropsychologic function, and auditory figure-ground differentiation. Eleven @entity1 who had experienced @entity693 (8.5%) had @entity51 (IQ < 70, @entity410 , @entity1276 , @entity508 , @entity1939 , or severe to profound @entity393 ); a further 24 (18.5%) cases and 14 (10.8%) control @entity1 had minor deficits (IQ 70 to 80, inability to read, mild to moderate @entity393 , @entity1650 , or school behavior problems). Overall, @entity1 who had @entity693 were at greater risk (26.9%) for disability. @entity1 with @entity16 had more adverse outcomes than those with uncomplicated @entity693 and control @entity1 (39% vs 18% vs 11%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: One in four school-age @entity693 survivors has either serious and disabling sequelae or a functionally important @entity146 , @entity2167 adversely affecting academic performance. As a group, survivors function less well than their classroom peers, and risk is greatest for, but not confined to, those who had @entity16 . All survivors require careful follow-up, at least until school age.

title: Adverse outcomes of XXXX in school-age survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'CHILDREN']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychologic or auditory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in speech discrimination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['major deficits']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: The effect of intravenous therapy with iloprost (average duration 6 weeks) on the prognosis of leg-preserving local surgical treatment and on the transcutaneously measured @entity26 pressure (tcPO2) in @entity1 with @entity75 was investigated in a prospective, open, controlled, randomized study. All of the 30 @entity1 recruited to the study suffered from a peripheral @entity432 Fontaine stage IV with progressive symptoms and @entity432 below the knee. 15 @entity1 received iloprost intravenously for 6 hours per day in an individual tolerable dose (mean dose: 1.7 ng/kg/min). 15 @entity1 in the control group received no trial therapy. During the treatment period each @entity1 underwent minor amputation or skin grafting. Wound healing after surgery and tcPO2 were assessed. The long-term efficacy of iloprost was assessed by following the @entity1 for one year. The iloprost treatment was in general well tolerated and all @entity1 completed the study in accordance with the trial protocol. Primary postoperative wound healing as the responder-criterion was observed in 9 @entity1 (60%) of the iloprost group and in 4 @entity1 (27%) of the control group. @entity1 with iloprost therapy were especially likely to show wound healing if they received the operation approximately in the mid of the treatment phase. The effect of therapy lasted for one year after the end of the treatment in 7 of 9 classified responders of the iloprost group. After one year the responder rate of 47% in the iloprost group was still 20% higher than in the control group. Surgical revisions were necessary in 7 @entity1 (47%) of each group. 2 @entity1 (13%) treated with iloprost and 4 control @entity1 (27%) underwent major amputation. The mortality was 13% = 2 of 15 @entity1 (iloprost) and 7% = 1 of 15 @entity1 (control). Transcutaneous @entity4095 -measurements were very reproducible over a long-term period under standardized conditions. A significant effect of iloprost on the tcPO2 was shown. There was a mean increase of 8.1 mmHg +/- 11.2 (mean +/- SD) in the foot of the affected limb after an average 6-week therapy (p < 0.05). At the same time a significant difference in the tcPO2-changes between responders and nonresponders was demonstrated (p < 0.05). @entity1 with primary wound healing had a greater increase in tcPO2 than @entity1 whose wounds did not heal. An increase of at least 10 mmHg (6 @entity1 ) in tcPO2 during the infusion after 3 weeks of therapy predicted primary post-operative wound healing.

title: [Prostacyclin (iloprost) as an adjuvant in local surgical therapy of stage IV XXXX --is quantification of the therapeutic effect possible with tcPO2 measurements?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusions', 'arterial occlusive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive disease']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) is a potent mitogenic factor which acts by binding to the epidermal growth factor (EGF). @entity1722 is a member of the EGF receptor family and is known to be associated with cellular growth and differentiation. The roles played by these factors in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) are not clearly known. In the present study, expression of these factors was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen and @entity406 fixed prostate tissues from subjects suffering from @entity1067 . Intracytoplasmic localization of @entity7790 was observed in the epithelium of nine out of 39 (23.07%) cases. Twenty-six out of 36 (72.22%) frozen @entity1067 tissues exhibited moderate to strong staining for immunoreactive @entity470 in the cell membrane. @entity1722 oncoprotein was localized in 35 out of 39 cases (89.74%) with the intensity of staining being variable. All nine cases positive for @entity7790 were also positive for both @entity470 and @entity1722 protein. Staining reaction had no correlation with the serum @entity251 , prostate specific acid phosphatase and @entity1486 levels. Immunohistochemical studies indicate the expression of @entity7790 , EGF receptor and @entity1722 protein in @entity1067 tissues. Further study is required to elucidate the precise roles played by these factors in benign growth of prostates.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of @entity310 , @entity470 and XXXX protein in hyperplastic human prostates.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) is a potent mitogenic factor which acts by binding to the epidermal growth factor (EGF). @entity1722 is a member of the EGF receptor family and is known to be associated with cellular growth and differentiation. The roles played by these factors in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) are not clearly known. In the present study, expression of these factors was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen and @entity406 fixed prostate tissues from subjects suffering from @entity1067 . Intracytoplasmic localization of @entity7790 was observed in the epithelium of nine out of 39 (23.07%) cases. Twenty-six out of 36 (72.22%) frozen @entity1067 tissues exhibited moderate to strong staining for immunoreactive @entity470 in the cell membrane. @entity1722 oncoprotein was localized in 35 out of 39 cases (89.74%) with the intensity of staining being variable. All nine cases positive for @entity7790 were also positive for both @entity470 and @entity1722 protein. Staining reaction had no correlation with the serum @entity251 , prostate specific acid phosphatase and @entity1486 levels. Immunohistochemical studies indicate the expression of @entity7790 , EGF receptor and @entity1722 protein in @entity1067 tissues. Further study is required to elucidate the precise roles played by these factors in benign growth of prostates.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of @entity310 , XXXX and @entity1722 protein in hyperplastic human prostates.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) is a potent mitogenic factor which acts by binding to the epidermal growth factor (EGF). @entity1722 is a member of the EGF receptor family and is known to be associated with cellular growth and differentiation. The roles played by these factors in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) are not clearly known. In the present study, expression of these factors was investigated immunohistochemically in frozen and @entity406 fixed prostate tissues from subjects suffering from @entity1067 . Intracytoplasmic localization of @entity7790 was observed in the epithelium of nine out of 39 (23.07%) cases. Twenty-six out of 36 (72.22%) frozen @entity1067 tissues exhibited moderate to strong staining for immunoreactive @entity470 in the cell membrane. @entity1722 oncoprotein was localized in 35 out of 39 cases (89.74%) with the intensity of staining being variable. All nine cases positive for @entity7790 were also positive for both @entity470 and @entity1722 protein. Staining reaction had no correlation with the serum @entity251 , prostate specific acid phosphatase and @entity1486 levels. Immunohistochemical studies indicate the expression of @entity7790 , EGF receptor and @entity1722 protein in @entity1067 tissues. Further study is required to elucidate the precise roles played by these factors in benign growth of prostates.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of XXXX , @entity470 and @entity1722 protein in hyperplastic human prostates.

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a critical event in wound healing, @entity5 growth, and the inflammatory vasculitides. Since @entity1 have a higher incidence of many @entity66 , we examined the effects of female sex @entity230 , particularly @entity53 , on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior in vitro and on angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: HUVECs were grown in @entity172 -free medium before each assay. Exogenous @entity53 (1 to 5 nmol/L) increased cell attachment to laminin, types I and IV collagen, and fibronectin, as well as to tissue culture plastic. After a confluent monolayer of cells was "wounded" by scraping, @entity53 -treated (10(-8) mol/L) cells migrated into the wound three times faster than untreated cells. Cell proliferation on plastic and on laminin increased threefold to fivefold, respectively, in the presence of @entity53 . @entity53 also enhanced the ability of HUVECs to organize into tubular networks when plated on a reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel. @entity53 effects on both the "wounding" assay and tube formation were blocked by the specific @entity172 receptor antagonist @entity1299 . Ovariectomy markedly decreased in vivo vascularization of Matrigel plugs coinjected with basic fibroblast growth factor in @entity19 . With @entity172 replacement, angiogenesis was increased to the levels observed in nonovariectomized @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that, in vitro and in vivo, @entity53 enhances endothelial cell activities important in neovascularization and suggest a promoting influence of estrogens on angiogenesis.

title: @entity172 promotes angiogenic activity in XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol', 'Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a critical event in wound healing, @entity5 growth, and the inflammatory vasculitides. Since @entity1 have a higher incidence of many @entity66 , we examined the effects of female sex @entity230 , particularly @entity53 , on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior in vitro and on angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: HUVECs were grown in @entity172 -free medium before each assay. Exogenous @entity53 (1 to 5 nmol/L) increased cell attachment to laminin, types I and IV collagen, and fibronectin, as well as to tissue culture plastic. After a confluent monolayer of cells was "wounded" by scraping, @entity53 -treated (10(-8) mol/L) cells migrated into the wound three times faster than untreated cells. Cell proliferation on plastic and on laminin increased threefold to fivefold, respectively, in the presence of @entity53 . @entity53 also enhanced the ability of HUVECs to organize into tubular networks when plated on a reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel. @entity53 effects on both the "wounding" assay and tube formation were blocked by the specific @entity172 receptor antagonist @entity1299 . Ovariectomy markedly decreased in vivo vascularization of Matrigel plugs coinjected with basic fibroblast growth factor in @entity19 . With @entity172 replacement, angiogenesis was increased to the levels observed in nonovariectomized @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that, in vitro and in vivo, @entity53 enhances endothelial cell activities important in neovascularization and suggest a promoting influence of estrogens on angiogenesis.

title: XXXX promotes angiogenic activity in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in a @entity19 model.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is a critical event in wound healing, @entity5 growth, and the inflammatory vasculitides. Since @entity1 have a higher incidence of many @entity66 , we examined the effects of female sex @entity230 , particularly @entity53 , on @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) behavior in vitro and on angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: HUVECs were grown in @entity172 -free medium before each assay. Exogenous @entity53 (1 to 5 nmol/L) increased cell attachment to laminin, types I and IV collagen, and fibronectin, as well as to tissue culture plastic. After a confluent monolayer of cells was "wounded" by scraping, @entity53 -treated (10(-8) mol/L) cells migrated into the wound three times faster than untreated cells. Cell proliferation on plastic and on laminin increased threefold to fivefold, respectively, in the presence of @entity53 . @entity53 also enhanced the ability of HUVECs to organize into tubular networks when plated on a reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel. @entity53 effects on both the "wounding" assay and tube formation were blocked by the specific @entity172 receptor antagonist @entity1299 . Ovariectomy markedly decreased in vivo vascularization of Matrigel plugs coinjected with basic fibroblast growth factor in @entity19 . With @entity172 replacement, angiogenesis was increased to the levels observed in nonovariectomized @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that, in vitro and in vivo, @entity53 enhances endothelial cell activities important in neovascularization and suggest a promoting influence of estrogens on angiogenesis.

title: @entity172 promotes angiogenic activity in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity2522 and @entity2521 are the two main @entity2520 . Both are characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth but while tissue damages observed in @entity2522 are mild and reversible, destruction caused by @entity2521 is deeper and irreversible. @entity2520 and levels of degeneration of tissues surrounding teeth depend on several interacting endogenous and exogenous factors. Polymorphisms of genes encoding molecules that modulate the immune response and tissue homeostasis are the main causes of individual susceptibility to @entity2520 . The aim of this study was to investigate @entity650 , @entity688 and @entity17894 gene polymorphisms in a large number of subjects affected by either @entity2522 or @entity7278 . The sample included 750 Italian @entity1 . We found that the @entity15147 SNP located in the @entity650 gene promoter was strongly associated with the occurrence of both @entity2522 and @entity2521 . Indeed, homozygous individuals with variant allele appeared less-susceptible to both @entity2522 OR=0.47 (95% C.I. 0.27-0.82) and @entity2521 OR=0.36 (95% C.I. 0.21-0.64). No evidence of association between @entity2520 and @entity688 or @entity17894 polymorphisms was obtained. This data confirmed the role of @entity650 in susceptibility to @entity2521 among the Italian population. The evidence that @entity650 polymorphisms are also involved in @entity2522 has implications in periodontal disease pathogenesis and reduces the appeal of @entity650 as a @entity2521 biomarker.

title: XXXX GENE POLYMORPHISM MODULATES THE RISK OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontal diseases', 'periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'Gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['INTERLEUKIN-6']


abstract: This study describes local immune responses in @entity2806 induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in the @entity35 . The temporal and spatial pattern of leukocyte infiltration was characterized immunocytochemically using monoclonal antibodies against @entity18895 , a pan T cell marker, against @entity11264 and CD8 for subtyping of T lymphocytes, and ED1, a marker for macrophages. @entity18895 + T cells were present in some animals on the pial surface at day 1 and with increasing numbers mainly at the edges of the @entity1188 at days 3 and 7. By day 14 their number had significantly decreased. Subtyping of T lymphocytes revealed that @entity11264 + helper/inducer T cells were rare, while CD8+ lymphocytes were abundant. Moreover, CD8+ lymphocytes outnumbered @entity18895 + T cells indicating the presence of @entity18895 -/CD8+ natural killer (NK) cells. ED1+ macrophages primarily infiltrated the core of the @entity1188 starting on day 1. Infiltrating leukocytes expressed leukocyte function associated antigen-1 and MHC class I and II antigens. Early after @entity1188 , increased expression of the @entity1590 was found on vessels and leukocytes. In conclusion, this study shows that lymphocytes enter the nervous system not only in @entity792 , but also in response to primarily 'non-immune' neuronal damage such as @entity64 .

title: Local immune responses in the XXXX cerebral cortex after middle cerebral artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old female @entity1 was admitted in our clinic with severe frontal @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 and @entity73 in the context of a previously diagnosed @entity2012 . She also had @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 . @entity2012 was caused by a @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting-pituitary macroadenoma, so a transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a 20  22  25 mm pituitary mass remnant and medical therapy with @entity1943 analogues (SSAs) was started. After nine months of treatment with SSAs, she continued having severe @entity10 , the blood pressure was well controlled, but @entity2124 secretion was only partially controlled with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) level still above the normal value. The MRI scan showed the same @entity977 remnant with supra- and parasellar right extension and also multiple fronto-temporo-parietal @entity75 that could suggest in the clinical context cerebral @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). According to a pregenetic screening tool, the Pescini Scale, the @entity1 had a 19 points score, which is highly suggestive for CADASIL, an @entity74 due to mutations of the @entity7363 gene at the chromosome locus 19p13. In the absence of genetic testing, an alternate way to prove small vessels disease, the skin biopsy, was performed. Electron microscopy showed granular osmiophilic material (GOM) surrounding the vascular smooth muscle cells on that are pathognomonic for the disease. Our report underscores the importance of repeated investigations even in @entity1 with apparently obvious explanations of their condition since they may have @entity66 with the same presenting clinical signs.

title: Cerebral arteriopathy with @entity1188 and @entity62 in acromegalic @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['secondary diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant arteriopathy', 'inherited cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old female @entity1 was admitted in our clinic with severe frontal @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 and @entity73 in the context of a previously diagnosed @entity2012 . She also had @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 . @entity2012 was caused by a @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting-pituitary macroadenoma, so a transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a 20  22  25 mm pituitary mass remnant and medical therapy with @entity1943 analogues (SSAs) was started. After nine months of treatment with SSAs, she continued having severe @entity10 , the blood pressure was well controlled, but @entity2124 secretion was only partially controlled with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) level still above the normal value. The MRI scan showed the same @entity977 remnant with supra- and parasellar right extension and also multiple fronto-temporo-parietal @entity75 that could suggest in the clinical context cerebral @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). According to a pregenetic screening tool, the Pescini Scale, the @entity1 had a 19 points score, which is highly suggestive for CADASIL, an @entity74 due to mutations of the @entity7363 gene at the chromosome locus 19p13. In the absence of genetic testing, an alternate way to prove small vessels disease, the skin biopsy, was performed. Electron microscopy showed granular osmiophilic material (GOM) surrounding the vascular smooth muscle cells on that are pathognomonic for the disease. Our report underscores the importance of repeated investigations even in @entity1 with apparently obvious explanations of their condition since they may have @entity66 with the same presenting clinical signs.

title: Cerebral arteriopathy with XXXX and @entity62 in acromegalic @entity1 with severe @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['subcortical infarcts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old female @entity1 was admitted in our clinic with severe frontal @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 and @entity73 in the context of a previously diagnosed @entity2012 . She also had @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 . @entity2012 was caused by a @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting-pituitary macroadenoma, so a transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a 20  22  25 mm pituitary mass remnant and medical therapy with @entity1943 analogues (SSAs) was started. After nine months of treatment with SSAs, she continued having severe @entity10 , the blood pressure was well controlled, but @entity2124 secretion was only partially controlled with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) level still above the normal value. The MRI scan showed the same @entity977 remnant with supra- and parasellar right extension and also multiple fronto-temporo-parietal @entity75 that could suggest in the clinical context cerebral @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). According to a pregenetic screening tool, the Pescini Scale, the @entity1 had a 19 points score, which is highly suggestive for CADASIL, an @entity74 due to mutations of the @entity7363 gene at the chromosome locus 19p13. In the absence of genetic testing, an alternate way to prove small vessels disease, the skin biopsy, was performed. Electron microscopy showed granular osmiophilic material (GOM) surrounding the vascular smooth muscle cells on that are pathognomonic for the disease. Our report underscores the importance of repeated investigations even in @entity1 with apparently obvious explanations of their condition since they may have @entity66 with the same presenting clinical signs.

title: Cerebral arteriopathy with @entity1188 and XXXX in acromegalic @entity1 with severe @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['leukoencephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old female @entity1 was admitted in our clinic with severe frontal @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 and @entity73 in the context of a previously diagnosed @entity2012 . She also had @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 . @entity2012 was caused by a @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting-pituitary macroadenoma, so a transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a 20  22  25 mm pituitary mass remnant and medical therapy with @entity1943 analogues (SSAs) was started. After nine months of treatment with SSAs, she continued having severe @entity10 , the blood pressure was well controlled, but @entity2124 secretion was only partially controlled with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) level still above the normal value. The MRI scan showed the same @entity977 remnant with supra- and parasellar right extension and also multiple fronto-temporo-parietal @entity75 that could suggest in the clinical context cerebral @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). According to a pregenetic screening tool, the Pescini Scale, the @entity1 had a 19 points score, which is highly suggestive for CADASIL, an @entity74 due to mutations of the @entity7363 gene at the chromosome locus 19p13. In the absence of genetic testing, an alternate way to prove small vessels disease, the skin biopsy, was performed. Electron microscopy showed granular osmiophilic material (GOM) surrounding the vascular smooth muscle cells on that are pathognomonic for the disease. Our report underscores the importance of repeated investigations even in @entity1 with apparently obvious explanations of their condition since they may have @entity66 with the same presenting clinical signs.

title: Cerebral arteriopathy with @entity1188 and @entity62 in acromegalic XXXX with severe @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The @entity2829 B centromere has been used as a model for centromere epigenetics and as the basis for building artificial chromosomes. However, there are no sequence resources for this important centromere. Here we used transposon display for the centromere-specific retroelement CRM2 to identify a collection of 40 sequence tags that flank CRM2 insertion points on the B chromosome. These were confirmed to lie within the centromere by assaying deletion breakpoints from centromere misdivision derivatives (intracentromere breakages caused by centromere fission). Markers were grouped together on the basis of their association with other markers in the misdivision series and assembled into a pseudocontig containing 10.1 kb of sequence. To identify sequences that interact directly with centromere proteins, we carried out chromatin immunoprecipitation using antibodies to @entity28621 ( @entity28621 ), a defining feature of functional centromeric sequences. The @entity28621 chromatin immunoprecipitation map was interpreted relative to the known transmission rates of centromere misdivision derivatives to identify a centromere core domain spanning 33 markers. A subset of seven markers was mapped in additional B centromere misdivision derivatives with the use of unique primer pairs. A derivative previously shown to have no canonical centromere sequences (Telo3-3) lacks these core markers. Our results provide a molecular map of the B chromosome centromere and identify key sequences within the map that interact directly with @entity28621 .

title: Generation of a XXXX B Centromere Minimal Map Containing the Central Core Domain.

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Maize']


abstract: Importance: Several epidemiological studies show an alarming global increase in incidence of @entity320 and @entity1489 . Objectives: To examine the cost-effectiveness of 2 population-based @entity1489 screening methods and to assess their budget effect and the influence on @entity1489 epidemiological findings. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A Markov model with a latent period of 20 years and a time horizon of 50 years was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness (societal perspective) and budget effect (public health care payer perspective) of 2 population-based @entity1489 screening programs in Belgium compared with the absence of a screening program. A health economic analysis was based on a clinical trial performed in 2014 in Belgium. In the economic model, the total Belgian population 18 years or older was assumed to have been invited for the screening program. Main Outcomes and Measures: The influence of the screening program on @entity1489 epidemiological findings and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, as well as the budget effect, expressed as the net costs for the health care payer over 50 years. Results: All @entity1 (1668 @entity272 [ @entity272 ] and 248 lesion-directed screening [LDS]) were screened by a team of 6 dermatologists from March 14 to 18, 2014, for TSBE and April 22 and 25 to 27, 2014, for LDS. Both screening strategies produced a gain in QALYs, resulting in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of    33   072 (US  35   475) per QALY in @entity1 and    18   687 (US  20   044) per QALY in @entity1 for @entity272 and    34   836 (US  37   365) per QALY in @entity1 and    19   470 (US  20   884) per QALY in @entity1 for LDS. With a 1-time screening, a 4.0% decrease in the incidence rates of stage III and IV @entity320 was predicted at the population level relative to the comparator. The budget effect analysis demonstrated that during 20 years, a 1-time screening would incur a net cost for the health care payer of almost    36 million (US  38.6 million) for @entity272 or just over    6 million (US  6.4 million) for LDS (   4.1 [US  4.40] or    0.7 [US  0.80], respectively, per adult). Conclusions and Relevance: These results can be interpreted as cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold in Belgium of    35   000 (US  37   541) per QALY gained. Based on these findings, a 1-time @entity272 in the general adult population 18 years or older is the most cost-effective strategy and is predicted to result in a reduction of @entity1489 mortality over 20 years and 50 years. The cost-effectiveness for @entity1489 screening is higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: Cost-effectiveness and Budget Effect Analysis of a Population-Based XXXX Screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['TBSE', 'total-body skin examination']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Skin Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macular Integrity Assessment microperimetry assesses macular sensitivity to projected point light sources and maps eye movements to assess fixation stability. Although microperimetry is gaining prominence as an assessment tool in clinical and research settings, there is no consensus on whether it should be performed before or after @entity384 . No studies to date have examined the effect of @entity384 on results. The aim of this project was to elucidate the effect of @entity384 on microperimetry outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective audit. @entity1 : Twenty healthy @entity1 from postoperative @entity231 clinic and 10 @entity1 with @entity12705 to simulate a disease with @entity227 . METHODS: Subjects underwent 10-2 68-point field testing using the Macular Integrity Assessment microperimeter on each eye. Subjects then underwent randomized dilation of one eye, and the test was repeated in both eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared changes in threshold sensitivity and fixation stability pre-pupil and post- @entity384 . The undilated eye was analysed for any learning or @entity1295 effect caused by test repetition. RESULTS: Dilation produced no significant effect on threshold sensitivity (dilation effect: -0.29 decibels, P  =  0.23) or fixation stability in healthy controls or in @entity12705 @entity1 (dilation effect: +0.08log bivariate contour @entity7085 area, P  =  0.14). There was also no significant learning effect seen in the undilated eye, with no improvement in threshold sensitivity (order of eye testing: +0.03log bivariate contour @entity7085 area, P  =  0.71). CONCLUSIONS: In the clinical setting, @entity1 may be tested for 10 degree microperimetry with or without @entity384 , as both scenarios yield consistent and interchangeable results.

title: Effects of XXXX on MAIA microperimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity12705 :: ('MESH:D015794', 'Disease') :: ['choroideremia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupil dilation']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['pupil dilation']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adjuvant drug therapies combined with standard laser excision in the treatment of recurrent @entity1724 . Previous studies have presented conflicting data on the efficacy of various treatments, including interferon and @entity10211 . A retrospective study of 34 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1185 who underwent both laser surgery and adjuvant therapy was therefore performed. All @entity1 were treated with interferon. Five interferon failures received @entity10211 , and three with recalcitrant disease received @entity1499 . @entity14584 produced a complete response in 16 @entity1 and partial response in 12 @entity1 . @entity66 had a slightly higher response to interferon than adult-onset disease. @entity10211 produced no response in all five @entity1 . @entity1499 demonstrated a marked improvement in both severity of disease and treatment interval in all three @entity1 . Serious side effects were limited to one interferon @entity1 with @entity410 , which resolved with discontinuation of therapy. We conclude that adjuvant therapy including interferon and @entity1499 is clearly of benefit in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1724 . A detailed approach to surgery combined with an interferon dosing regimen is presented. Further study of @entity1499 appears warranted.

title: Adjuvant drug strategies in the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile-onset disease']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity14584 :: ('MESH:D007372', 'Chemical') :: ['Interferon']

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: King scallop contamination (Pecten maximus) by @entity5228 , a @entity2359 produced by some species of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, is highly problematic because of its lengthy retention in the bivalve tissue, leading to prolonged fishery closures. Data collected within the French Phytoplankton and Phycotoxin monitoring network (REPHY) over the 1995-2012 period were used to characterize the seasonal dynamics and the interannual variability of P.-nitzschia spp. blooms as well as the contamination of king scallop fishing grounds, in six contrasted bays distributed along the French Atlantic coast and English Channel. Monitoring revealed that these toxic events have become more frequent since the year 2000, but with varying magnitudes, frequencies and timing depending on the bay. Two bays, located in southern Brittany, exhibited both recurrent contaminations and high P.-nitzschia abundances. The Brest bay and the Seine bay were intermittently affected. The Pertuis Breton exhibited only one major toxic event related to an exceptionally intense bloom of P.-nitzschia in 2010, and the Saint Brieuc bay neither showed significant contamination nor high P.-nitzschia abundance. While high P.-nitzschia abundance appeared to be correlated to scallop @entity137 , this study highlights the difficulty in linking P.-nitzschia spp. blooms to king scallop contamination through monitoring. Indeed, P.-nitzschia was determined at the genus level and data regarding species abundances and their @entity137 levels are an absolute prerequisite to further assess the environmental control of ASP events. As results describe distinct P.-nitzschia bloom dynamics along the French coast, this may suggest distinct controlling factors. They also revealed that major climatic events, such as the winter storm Xynthia in 2010, can trigger @entity137 in P.-nitzschia over a large spatial scale and impact king scallop fisheries all along the coast.

title: Two decades of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms and king scallop (Pecten maximus) contamination by XXXX along the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts: Seasonal dynamics, spatial heterogeneity and interannual variability.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxin']

answer: @entity5228 :: (MESH:C012301,Chemical) :: ['domoic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since recent years, it is known that immunocompromised @entity1 can suffer of prolonged norovirus symptoms and @entity1800 up to multiple years. Little is known about the prevalence of chronic norovirus infection among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. In this study 2182 SOT recipients were retrospectively tested for chronic norovirus infection. METHODS: The first and last norovirus positive faecal sample of SOT recipients was sequenced to distinguish between persisting and re-infection. @entity1 charts were reviewed to obtain data on health statues and treatments. RESULTS: One hundred one of 2182 (4.6%) recipients were norovirus infected and 23 (22.8%) of these developed chronic norovirus infection. @entity281 was found among allogeneic heart-, kidney-, and lung transplant recipients. The median shedding period at the end of the study period was 218 days (range 32-1164). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that chronic norovirus infection is not a rare phenomenon among SOT recipients in a tertiary care hospital exposed to norovirus. Further research is needed to study the risk of norovirus transmission to other immunocompromised @entity1 in the hospital and to the general population.

title: XXXX among solid organ recipients in a tertiary care hospital, the Netherlands, 2006 - 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic norovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral shedding']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Chronic norovirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postprandial dysmetabolism-an exaggerated spike in @entity1674 , @entity413 , and insulin-increases @entity65 risk by inducing oxidative stress, @entity32 , and @entity409 . @entity3978 -rich foods may blunt these effects when they are incorporated into a high-fat, calorie-dense meal. Strawberries are a rich source of @entity6398 , but there is little research on their postprandial effects. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 40 g freeze-dried strawberry powder (   1 lb. or 0.45 kg fresh strawberries) to a high-fat (50 g total fat) meal on postprandial vascular function, as well as @entity412 , @entity413 , and insulin responses. DESIGN: Healthy, overweight or @entity28 [mean    SEM body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 31    0.5] adults (mean    SEM age: 28    2 y; 17 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ) consumed a control meal and a strawberry meal in a randomized crossover design. Testing sessions were separated by >= 1 wk for @entity1 and    1 mo for @entity1 to control for hormonal variations. Blood samples were obtained before the meal and 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after the meal. Central blood pressure and arterial stiffness indexes were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 h postmeal with the use of pulse waveform analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the strawberry and control meals for any outcomes. Consumption of either meal significantly decreased the augmentation index at 2 and 4 h (P < 0.002) and significantly increased @entity1674 , insulin, and @entity413 at all time points (P < 0.001) relative to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The strawberry intervention did not alter vascular function or attenuate postprandial metabolic derangements in @entity1674 , @entity413 , or insulin relative to the control meal. Additional research is needed to clarify whether strawberries or other @entity3978 -rich interventions improve postprandial responses, and future studies should take into account the acute meal-induced improvements in measures of vascular function. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01989637.

title: Incorporating freeze-dried strawberry powder into a high-fat meal does not alter postprandial vascular function or blood markers of XXXX risk: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol', 'Polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulsed-wave Doppler determination of the pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) as a surrogate for pulmonary artery pressure was found to be of clinical value for assessment of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) with studies to date exclusively performed in adults. This study aims to provide representative, normal reference values for PAAT in @entity1 of all ages. Moreover, we validated abnormal PAAT values in 54 @entity1 with @entity120 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a prospective echocardiographic study in 756 healthy @entity1 (aged 1 day to 18 years) and in 54 @entity1 with @entity120 . Possible associations of age, body length, body weight, body surface area, and heart rate on PAAT were investigated. The PAAT correlated positively with age (r=0.848), body length (r=0.871), body surface area (r=0.856), and body weight (r=0.825) and negatively with heart rate (r=-0.906). PAAT increased with age (neonates: median: 81 ms, range: 53-104; 18th year of life: median: 151 ms, range: 107-187). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for detecting @entity120 @entity1 using age-specific z scores showed an excellent performance of PAAT (P<0.001; area under the curve, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99) with a best cutoff score according to Youden index of -1.565 (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 96%). PAAT values of @entity120 @entity1 negatively correlated (  =-0.497) with pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The PAAT normal reference values and z scores we provide here will be useful to identify @entity1 with a shortened PAAT. Abnormal PAAT values with scores <-2 were predictive of @entity120 .

title: Normal Reference Values and z Scores of the Pulmonary Artery Acceleration Time in XXXX and Its Importance for the Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dendritic cells are professional APCs that play a central role in the initiation of immune responses. The limited ex vivo availability of dendritic cells inspires the widespread use of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as an alternative in research. However, the functional characteristics of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are incompletely understood. Therefore, we compared functional and phenotypic characteristics of @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with @entity7421 / @entity12718 or @entity57526 ligand bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. A comparison of surface markers revealed that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD103, and @entity11264 and baseline levels of MHC class II, @entity23655 , and @entity24085 , which were highly up-regulated upon stimulation. Conversely, @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells constitutively expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD11c, and @entity19465 but only mildly up-regulated MHC class II, @entity23655 , or @entity24085 following stimulation. Expression of dendritic cell-associated core transcripts was restricted to @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells . @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were superior at phagocytosis but were outperformed by @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells at antigen presentation and T cell stimulation in vitro. Stimulated @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more TNF, @entity16620 , @entity21463 , and NO, whereas @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more @entity568 and @entity567 . Finally, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants added to resting T cell cultures promoted forkhead box p3(+) regulatory T cell populations, @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants drove Th17 differentiation. We conclude that @entity35 @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are functionally distinct. Our data support the current rationale that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mostly resemble classic dendritic cells but comprise additional minor subpopulations, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells resemble monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells (iNOS-positive monocyte-derived cells).

title: @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with @entity7421 / XXXX or FLT3L exhibit distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics.

answer: @entity12718 :: (287287(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dendritic cells are professional APCs that play a central role in the initiation of immune responses. The limited ex vivo availability of dendritic cells inspires the widespread use of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as an alternative in research. However, the functional characteristics of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are incompletely understood. Therefore, we compared functional and phenotypic characteristics of @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with @entity7421 / @entity12718 or @entity57526 ligand bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. A comparison of surface markers revealed that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD103, and @entity11264 and baseline levels of MHC class II, @entity23655 , and @entity24085 , which were highly up-regulated upon stimulation. Conversely, @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells constitutively expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD11c, and @entity19465 but only mildly up-regulated MHC class II, @entity23655 , or @entity24085 following stimulation. Expression of dendritic cell-associated core transcripts was restricted to @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells . @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were superior at phagocytosis but were outperformed by @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells at antigen presentation and T cell stimulation in vitro. Stimulated @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more TNF, @entity16620 , @entity21463 , and NO, whereas @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more @entity568 and @entity567 . Finally, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants added to resting T cell cultures promoted forkhead box p3(+) regulatory T cell populations, @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants drove Th17 differentiation. We conclude that @entity35 @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are functionally distinct. Our data support the current rationale that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mostly resemble classic dendritic cells but comprise additional minor subpopulations, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells resemble monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells (iNOS-positive monocyte-derived cells).

title: @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with XXXX / @entity12718 or FLT3L exhibit distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics.

answer: @entity7421 :: (116630(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dendritic cells are professional APCs that play a central role in the initiation of immune responses. The limited ex vivo availability of dendritic cells inspires the widespread use of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as an alternative in research. However, the functional characteristics of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are incompletely understood. Therefore, we compared functional and phenotypic characteristics of @entity35 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with @entity7421 / @entity12718 or @entity57526 ligand bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. A comparison of surface markers revealed that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD103, and @entity11264 and baseline levels of MHC class II, @entity23655 , and @entity24085 , which were highly up-regulated upon stimulation. Conversely, @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells constitutively expressed signal regulatory protein a, CD11c, and @entity19465 but only mildly up-regulated MHC class II, @entity23655 , or @entity24085 following stimulation. Expression of dendritic cell-associated core transcripts was restricted to @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells . @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were superior at phagocytosis but were outperformed by @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells at antigen presentation and T cell stimulation in vitro. Stimulated @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more TNF, @entity16620 , @entity21463 , and NO, whereas @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells secreted more @entity568 and @entity567 . Finally, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants added to resting T cell cultures promoted forkhead box p3(+) regulatory T cell populations, @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cell culture supernatants drove Th17 differentiation. We conclude that @entity35 @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are functionally distinct. Our data support the current rationale that @entity57526 ligand-bone marrow-derived dendritic cells mostly resemble classic dendritic cells but comprise additional minor subpopulations, whereas @entity7421 / @entity12718 -bone marrow-derived dendritic cells resemble monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells (iNOS-positive monocyte-derived cells).

title: XXXX bone marrow-derived dendritic cells generated with @entity7421 / @entity12718 or FLT3L exhibit distinct phenotypical and functional characteristics.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: A nude @entity19 model for @entity1 @entity521 has been developed to examine possible relationships between amplification/over-expression of the @entity4180 oncogene and altered regulation of expression of specific integrin subunits during @entity5 progression. Subcutaneous (ectopic) or intra-adrenal (orthotopic) injection of the @entity521 cell lines SK-N-SH or IMR-32 has generated a number of derivative @entity5 cell lines. Tumor cell lines derived from SK-N-SH cells (which do not express @entity4180 ) or IMR-32 cells (which over-express @entity4180 ) produce @entity5 at higher rates when re-injected into the subcutaneous space of @entity19 . Moreover, cell lines derived from @entity5 initiated by IMR-32 cells exhibit shorter latent periods than do IMR-32 cells direct from tissue culture. With regard to integrin subunit expression, SK-N-SH and related cell lines express high levels of @entity2393 , which is associated with the alpha 2 and alpha 3 integrin subunits (predominantly alpha 3). IMR-32 cells display reduced beta 1 expression, and that which is produced is not associated with common alpha subunits. @entity1 cells, which express @entity4180 at even higher levels than do IMR-32 cells, express even less beta 1. Interestingly, the @entity5 -derived cell lines (especially those from @entity5 initiated in adrenal glands) also exhibit reduced integrin expression compared with the parental cell lines; this reduction is associated with the enhanced @entity5 take rate observed when the cells are re-injected into @entity19 . Our results raise the possibility of a relationship between over-expression of @entity4180 and down-regulation of @entity2393 expression (possibly some alpha subunits also). In addition, the data suggest that @entity1 @entity521 -derived cell lines which exhibit reduced integrin expression display more @entity146 growth in @entity19 .

title: Inverse expressions of the XXXX oncogene and @entity2393 in @entity1 @entity521 : relationships to disease progression in a nude @entity19 model system.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity4180 :: (4613,Gene) :: ['N-myc']


abstract: A nude @entity19 model for @entity1 @entity521 has been developed to examine possible relationships between amplification/over-expression of the @entity4180 oncogene and altered regulation of expression of specific integrin subunits during @entity5 progression. Subcutaneous (ectopic) or intra-adrenal (orthotopic) injection of the @entity521 cell lines SK-N-SH or IMR-32 has generated a number of derivative @entity5 cell lines. Tumor cell lines derived from SK-N-SH cells (which do not express @entity4180 ) or IMR-32 cells (which over-express @entity4180 ) produce @entity5 at higher rates when re-injected into the subcutaneous space of @entity19 . Moreover, cell lines derived from @entity5 initiated by IMR-32 cells exhibit shorter latent periods than do IMR-32 cells direct from tissue culture. With regard to integrin subunit expression, SK-N-SH and related cell lines express high levels of @entity2393 , which is associated with the alpha 2 and alpha 3 integrin subunits (predominantly alpha 3). IMR-32 cells display reduced beta 1 expression, and that which is produced is not associated with common alpha subunits. @entity1 cells, which express @entity4180 at even higher levels than do IMR-32 cells, express even less beta 1. Interestingly, the @entity5 -derived cell lines (especially those from @entity5 initiated in adrenal glands) also exhibit reduced integrin expression compared with the parental cell lines; this reduction is associated with the enhanced @entity5 take rate observed when the cells are re-injected into @entity19 . Our results raise the possibility of a relationship between over-expression of @entity4180 and down-regulation of @entity2393 expression (possibly some alpha subunits also). In addition, the data suggest that @entity1 @entity521 -derived cell lines which exhibit reduced integrin expression display more @entity146 growth in @entity19 .

title: Inverse expressions of the @entity4180 oncogene and @entity2393 in @entity1 @entity521 : relationships to disease progression in a nude XXXX model system.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A nude @entity19 model for @entity1 @entity521 has been developed to examine possible relationships between amplification/over-expression of the @entity4180 oncogene and altered regulation of expression of specific integrin subunits during @entity5 progression. Subcutaneous (ectopic) or intra-adrenal (orthotopic) injection of the @entity521 cell lines SK-N-SH or IMR-32 has generated a number of derivative @entity5 cell lines. Tumor cell lines derived from SK-N-SH cells (which do not express @entity4180 ) or IMR-32 cells (which over-express @entity4180 ) produce @entity5 at higher rates when re-injected into the subcutaneous space of @entity19 . Moreover, cell lines derived from @entity5 initiated by IMR-32 cells exhibit shorter latent periods than do IMR-32 cells direct from tissue culture. With regard to integrin subunit expression, SK-N-SH and related cell lines express high levels of @entity2393 , which is associated with the alpha 2 and alpha 3 integrin subunits (predominantly alpha 3). IMR-32 cells display reduced beta 1 expression, and that which is produced is not associated with common alpha subunits. @entity1 cells, which express @entity4180 at even higher levels than do IMR-32 cells, express even less beta 1. Interestingly, the @entity5 -derived cell lines (especially those from @entity5 initiated in adrenal glands) also exhibit reduced integrin expression compared with the parental cell lines; this reduction is associated with the enhanced @entity5 take rate observed when the cells are re-injected into @entity19 . Our results raise the possibility of a relationship between over-expression of @entity4180 and down-regulation of @entity2393 expression (possibly some alpha subunits also). In addition, the data suggest that @entity1 @entity521 -derived cell lines which exhibit reduced integrin expression display more @entity146 growth in @entity19 .

title: Inverse expressions of the @entity4180 oncogene and XXXX in @entity1 @entity521 : relationships to disease progression in a nude @entity19 model system.

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta 1 integrin']