abstract: Two rat monoclonal antibodies, 34A and 201B, have been isolated and shown to bind preferentially to capillary endothelial cells in the lung. Administration of these antibodies to @entity19 increases the number of lung colonies derived from i.v. injection of @entity5 cells. The antibodies increase lung colonization in C57BL/6 @entity19 following i.v. injection of @entity19 @entity320 cells and in BALB/c @entity19 following injection of line 1 @entity2 cells. Neither 34A nor 201B monoclonal antibody binds to B16 @entity320 or line 1 @entity189 and so must exert its effect by interaction with endothelial cells. Antibodies injected i.v., s.c., or i.p. are active from 1 h to 1 wk if injected before cell injection. The effect is optimal when 0.1 ml of ascites fluid containing 120 micrograms of antigen binding capacity of both MoAbs 34A and 201B is injected. Significant damage to endothelial cells could not be documented by histopathological examination at the light microscope level or by protein leakage into the air space as measured by lung lavage. However, electron micrographs taken 3 h after monoclonal antibody injection show minor damage to endothelial cell membranes throughout the lung with some areas of mild @entity4 . The increased colonization may be mediated by this subtle damage to endothelial cells, or antibody interactions with endothelial cells may trigger secondary reactions such as altered expression of growth factors.

title: XXXX colony formation by treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary capillary endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Enhancement of lung tumor']


abstract: We conducted a prospective, randomized study to clarify the role of radiotherapy of the @entity5 in limited small-cell @entity2 . After stratification for sex and for performance score based on the ability to ambulate, @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive initial radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, delayed radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. The chemotherapy consisted of @entity786 , @entity2879 ( @entity2879 ), and @entity1891 , with @entity632 subsequently replacing @entity2879 in alternate cycles 7 through 18. Chemotherapy was given every three weeks for 18 months. The radiotherapy comprised 4000 rad in four weeks, followed by a 1000-rad "boost" directed against @entity66 . All @entity1 received prophylactic whole-brain radiation. The @entity1 enrolled totaled 426, and 399 were evaluable. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of complete responses in favor of the two radiotherapy regimens (P = 0.0013). Failure-free survival was also longer with these two regimens (P less than 0.001), as was the interval before treatment failure in the chest (P less than 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.0099). As expected, toxic effects--chiefly neutropenia--were also increased. The addition of radiotherapy of the @entity5 to combination chemotherapy improved both complete-response rates and survival, with increased but acceptable @entity137 .

title: Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in limited small-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the lung']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: One- and two-dimensional (correlated shift spectroscopy) high resolution proton n.m.r. spectra of @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are reported. The merits of water suppression by freeze drying or irradiation, and spectral simplification by spin-echo methods, are discussed. Well-resolved resonances for a range of low molecular weight metabolites such as @entity880 , @entity10488 , @entity493 , @entity598 , @entity1792 , @entity413 , @entity4857 and @entity5189 were observed. Resonances for @entity1160 were observed only from freeze dried samples. Concentrations determined by n.m.r. were in reasonable agreement with those from conventional methods. The n.m.r. spectra of CSF were related to the clinical conditions of the subjects. No resonances for @entity1792 were present in spectra of CSF from subjects (three @entity1 ) with @entity4008 ; high @entity880 and lowered @entity413 levels were observed. Strong resonances for @entity413 and @entity2228 were observed for mildly @entity6 subjects. Both the aromatic and the aliphatic regions of the CSF spectra from subjects suffering from @entity1578 contained distinctive features characteristic for @entity5693 : Intense resonances for @entity880 , @entity493 , @entity4857 , @entity1853 , @entity669 , @entity815 and @entity3793 . In some cases @entity2774 was also present, which does not appear to have been reported previously. The two-dimensional spectrum suggested the presence of abnormally high levels of a number of endogenous metabolites. Such assignments were not possible using one-dimensional spectra alone because of signal overlap.

title: High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of XXXX cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity10488 :: ('CHEBI:10983', 'Chemical') :: ['3-D-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Blood monocytes were analyzed in 28 @entity1 with @entity1072 without previous cytotoxic therapy and without recent infection. Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, monocytes identified by LeuM3 or My4 were low in percentage (2.3%), but absolute numbers were increased in many @entity1 with values exceeding the normal range (120 to 510/microliter) in seven of 28 @entity1 . Monocytosis was more prominent in @entity1 with high leukemic counts, but there was no correlation to clinical stages. Monocytopenia was evident with less than 50 LeuM3+ cells/microliter in three @entity1 . Two-color fluorescence was used for the analysis of cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the LeuM3+ monocytes. Compared to cells from control donors, there was an increase for MHC class II antigens, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the monocytes in @entity1072 , in terms of both the percentage of positive cells among the LeuM3+ monocytes and of fluorescence intensity. This increase was not restricted to @entity1 with monocytosis nor were the molecules always upregulated concomitantly. The increase of antigen expression on LeuM3+ monocytes was more than 50% (1.5-fold) in seven of 22 @entity1 for MHC Class II antigens, in seven of 16 @entity1 for complement receptor and in six of 12 @entity1 for Fc receptor. A similar decrease of antigen expression was observed only in one @entity1 for MHC Class II and in one @entity1 for complement receptor expression. Monocytosis and increased expression of monocyte cell surface antigens described for a large portion of @entity1 might be causally involved in the @entity465 in @entity1072 .

title: Abnormal blood monocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: We have constructed and functionally tested a cassette-vector-system for the transcription and translation of open reading frames (ORFs) in cells of higher eukaryotes. The vectors are derived from the plasmid pBR322 and can be selected and amplified in @entity526 . Alternative eukaryotic promoters can be inserted between the restriction sites SphI and KpnI, translation initiation motifs between KpnI and BglII, linkers for the adjustment of the translation reading frame and the insertion of genes or gene segments between BglII and HindIII, followed by a HindIII-EcoRI segment with splicing and polyadenylation signals derived from SV40. A prototype vector system, pORFEX11, 12 and 13, contains the strong cytomegalovirus immediately early promoter and a 10-bp motif of the SV40 T-antigen translation start. Polylinkers derived from pUC18 permit the insertion of ATG-less ORFs downstream from the ATG of the vector. Either of the three alternative polylinkers adjusts the appropriate translation frame. A similar construct contains the regulatable promoter of the @entity238 heat shock gene 70. We inserted genes or gene segments, that code for the bacterial @entity2755 acetyltransferase, the bacterial gene conferring resistance against @entity13995 , and the ORF E7 of the @entity1082 type 18 into these vectors. After transfection of @entity19 L fibroblasts, all proteins and functions were expressed in accordance with the prediction. In transiently transfected L cells, the E7 protein expressed from pORFEX12 constitutes approximately 2.0% of total cell protein. This E7 protein could be localized by immunocytochemistry as a cytoplasmic component.

title: Expression of the XXXX type 18 E7 gene by a cassette-vector system for the transcription and translation of open reading frames in eukaryotic cells.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity13995 :: ('MESH:C026273', 'Chemical') :: ['hygromycin']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity35 Kyoto spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity101 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity35 Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity9976 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity1063 , @entity12947 , @entity1808 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity1063 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity1063 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity101 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity1063 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity1063 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity101 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 prior to and during established @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity9976 :: ('MESH:C564589', 'Disease') :: ['SMC layers']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity35 Kyoto spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity101 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity35 Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity9976 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity1063 , @entity12947 , @entity1808 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity1063 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity1063 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity101 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity1063 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity1063 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity101 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 prior to and during established XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity35 Kyoto spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity101 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity35 Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity9976 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity1063 , @entity12947 , @entity1808 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity1063 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity1063 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity101 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity1063 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity1063 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity101 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously @entity101 XXXX prior to and during established @entity101 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have completely sequenced a gene encoding the heavy chain of myosin II, a nonmuscle myosin from the soil ameba @entity16762 . The gene spans 6 kb, is split by three small introns, and encodes a 1,509-residue heavy chain polypeptide. The positions of the three introns are largely conserved relative to characterized vertebrate and invertebrate muscle myosin genes. The deduced @entity20383 head @entity535 sequence shows a high degree of similarity with the globular head sequences of the @entity35 embryonic skeletal muscle and @entity2199 unc 54 muscle myosins. By contrast, there is no unique way to align the deduced myosin II rod @entity535 sequence with the rod sequence of these muscle myosins. Nevertheless, the periodicities of hydrophobic and charged residues in the myosin II rod sequence, which dictate the coiled-coil structure of the rod and its associations within the myosin filament, are very similar to those of the muscle myosins. We conclude that this ameba nonmuscle myosin shares with the muscle myosins of vertebrates and invertebrates an ancestral heavy chain gene. The low level of direct sequence similarity between the rod sequences of @entity121 probably reflects a general tolerance for residue changes in the rod domain (as long as the periodicities of hydrophobic and charged residues are largely maintained), the relative evolutionary "ages" of these myosins, and specific differences between the filament properties of @entity121 . Finally, sequence analysis and electron microscopy reveal the presence within the myosin II rodlike tail of a well-defined hinge region where sharp bending can occur. We speculate that this hinge may play a key role in mediating the effect of heavy chain phosphorylation on enzymatic activity.

title: Complete nucleotide sequence and deduced polypeptide sequence of a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain gene from XXXX : evidence of a hinge in the rodlike tail.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity16762 :: ('5755', 'Species') :: ['Acanthamoeba castellanii']

entities_list: @entity20383 :: ('MESH:C564253', 'Disease') :: ['myosin II globular']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myosin II and muscle myosins']

answer: @entity16762 :: (5755,Species) :: ['Acanthamoeba']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the response of briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate reductions of coronary arterial flow. In mongrel @entity235 , a carotid to left anterior descending coronary shunt was constricted to produce moderate @entity301 (50-60% of control) and to thereby reduce regional systolic thickening (measured by echocardiography or sonomicrometry). First, we demonstrated an abnormal response of reperfused myocardium to subsequent @entity450 . We performed two episodes of @entity3979 , with an intervening 5-minute complete coronary shunt occlusion followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. In a control group, the same two shunt stenoses were done, but no intervening shunt occlusion was performed. In the control @entity235 , repeated @entity3979 that produced equivalent perfusion reductions also produced equivalent declines in regional wall thickening. In contrast, in the intervention group (animals undergoing the intervening occlusion-reperfusion sequence between two shunt stenoses), the second @entity3979 produced an exaggerated decline in regional systolic thickening, even though the decline in myocardial perfusion was similar to the first @entity850 . Second, we sought to demonstrate the mechanism of the exaggerated decline of the reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate @entity450 . Again, two groups of animals were studied. Each group underwent two episodes of @entity3979 with an intervening sequence of 5 minutes of complete shunt occlusion and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In addition, one of the groups received an infusion of the @entity26 free radical scavengers @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 during the occlusion-reperfusion sequence. In the @entity224 dismutase and @entity7669 -treated animals, the decline in regional systolic function during the postreperfusion shunt @entity850 was similar to the preocclusion @entity850 . Thus, @entity26 free radical scavengers blocked the exaggerated contraction decline in response to the postreperfusion flow reduction. We conclude that briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium displays an exaggerated response to subsequent coronary arterial @entity450 and that this response is a subtle manifestation of @entity67 , or "stunning." The mechanism is probably @entity26 free radical @entity137 .

title: Sensitization of reperfused myocardium to subsequent XXXX . An extension of the concept of myocardial stunning.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary flow reductions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic ventricular dyskinesis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow reductions']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary shunt stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary flow reductions']


abstract: Conditioned media from explants of @entity1 @entity14 in short-term organ culture were analysed for plasminogen activator activity, activity toward the synthetic urokinase substrate, Spectrozyme-UK, and for the presence of urokinase antigen using monospecific goat antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between @entity5 , adjacent normal mucosa and metastatic lesions. These analyses were carried out on unfractionated culture fluids and on fractions obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography separation using Superose 6 gels. Plasminogen activator activity, tested by azocaseinolysis in the presence of added plasminogen, was restricted to peaks of 55 kD and 155 kD. These were of the urokinase type as shown by specific immunoinhibition and by absorption by an antiurokinase antibody-Affigel 10 column. Spectrozyme-UK, in addition to these peaks, detected a series of higher molecular weight activities, the largest of which appeared in the void volume, and were therefore of greater than 10(6) molecular weight. These activities were greatly increased by inclusion of trace @entity1351 indicating that these components were mostly in their proenzyme forms. The characteristics of these very large enzymes were similar to those isolated earlier from a @entity1 @entity2 cell line. Comparison of the primary and @entity3 confirmed earlier observations showing that urokinase secretion by the @entity3 was greatly reduced in comparison with the @entity5 : in the @entity694 it was 10 per cent of the value for the primary, in the @entity356 3 per cent, whether means or medians were compared (P less than 0.0001). This large difference was characteristic only of plasminogen activator secretion assayable by azocaseinolysis; activities toward Spectrozyme-UK, and antigen reacting with anti-urokinase antibody, were considerably less different in the two groups. In individual tissues, no correlation was found between the amount of extractable plasminogen activator and amounts secreted, or between the latter and the amount of @entity880 released. It is postulated that the greatly reduced plasminogen activator secretion by explants of @entity3 may be a phenotypic characteristic of distinct advantage for @entity5 cells destined to initiate metastatic foci, and may contribute to the ability of circulating @entity5 cells to lodge in the blood vessels of the target organ.

title: Secretion of plasminogen activators by @entity1 colorectal and XXXX explants.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and gastric tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric tumor']


abstract: Conditioned media from explants of @entity1 @entity14 in short-term organ culture were analysed for plasminogen activator activity, activity toward the synthetic urokinase substrate, Spectrozyme-UK, and for the presence of urokinase antigen using monospecific goat antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between @entity5 , adjacent normal mucosa and metastatic lesions. These analyses were carried out on unfractionated culture fluids and on fractions obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography separation using Superose 6 gels. Plasminogen activator activity, tested by azocaseinolysis in the presence of added plasminogen, was restricted to peaks of 55 kD and 155 kD. These were of the urokinase type as shown by specific immunoinhibition and by absorption by an antiurokinase antibody-Affigel 10 column. Spectrozyme-UK, in addition to these peaks, detected a series of higher molecular weight activities, the largest of which appeared in the void volume, and were therefore of greater than 10(6) molecular weight. These activities were greatly increased by inclusion of trace @entity1351 indicating that these components were mostly in their proenzyme forms. The characteristics of these very large enzymes were similar to those isolated earlier from a @entity1 @entity2 cell line. Comparison of the primary and @entity3 confirmed earlier observations showing that urokinase secretion by the @entity3 was greatly reduced in comparison with the @entity5 : in the @entity694 it was 10 per cent of the value for the primary, in the @entity356 3 per cent, whether means or medians were compared (P less than 0.0001). This large difference was characteristic only of plasminogen activator secretion assayable by azocaseinolysis; activities toward Spectrozyme-UK, and antigen reacting with anti-urokinase antibody, were considerably less different in the two groups. In individual tissues, no correlation was found between the amount of extractable plasminogen activator and amounts secreted, or between the latter and the amount of @entity880 released. It is postulated that the greatly reduced plasminogen activator secretion by explants of @entity3 may be a phenotypic characteristic of distinct advantage for @entity5 cells destined to initiate metastatic foci, and may contribute to the ability of circulating @entity5 cells to lodge in the blood vessels of the target organ.

title: Secretion of plasminogen activators by XXXX colorectal and @entity356 explants.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Pancreatic @entity730 are virtually pathognomonic of chronic @entity788 and develop in up to 90% of @entity1 with @entity8883 in series with long-term results. We investigated the natural course of pancreatic @entity730 in a prospective longitudinal study over the past 23 yr. All @entity1 were studied at regular intervals with particular regard to etiology, clinical findings, surgery, pancreatic function, and pancreatic @entity730 visible by x-ray (e.g., film series in three projections centered on the pancreas). We evaluated the findings of 107 @entity1 with x-ray documentation of pancreatic @entity730 in at least three film series over a period of 4 yr or longer. Eighty-four @entity1 had @entity8883 (group A) and 23 @entity1 had @entity1689 (group B). Four hundred seventy-two film series of group A and one hundred forty-two film series of group B were reviewed independently by two expert teams. Both series were graded according to a score system in terms of intensity and distribution of pancreatic @entity730 (correlation of grading r = 0.91). The duration of @entity730 averaged 10 yr in group A and 12.6 yr in group B. Similar dynamic changes of pancreatic @entity730 were noted in groups A and B. Chronologically, three phases of evolution could be distinguished. After an initial increase (phase 1), greater than 50% of cases reached a plateau of stationary @entity730 (phase 2). Approximately one-third of cases showed a marked decrease of @entity730 in late phases of chronic @entity788 (phase 3). Dissolution of pancreatic stones was related primarily to duration of chronic @entity788 (duration of @entity730 and marked @entity660 ), and occurred frequently (but not exclusively) in @entity1 after ductal drainage procedures. These results indicate that spontaneous dissolution of pancreatic stones is a rather common biologic phenomenon. The factors responsible for dissolution of stones remain to be elucidated.

title: Evolution and regression of pancreatic calcification in chronic pancreatitis. A prospective long-term study of 107 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'calcifications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Whole-abdomen radiation therapy has been utilized as primary adjunctive therapy in the management of epithelial @entity43 with encouraging results. The results reported when using standard fractionation protocols in @entity1 with recurrent or persistent @entity43 have been poor and treatment-related @entity137 have been severe. There are reported theoretical and clinical advantages of hyperfractionation of ionizing radiation in treating @entity5 . Fifteen @entity1 have been treated with a twice-a-day whole-abdomen, open-field radiation technique delivering 80 cGy per fraction, to a total dose of 3040 cGy in 19 treatment days. All @entity1 had @entity43 with persistent disease detected at pretreatment laparotomy after @entity900 -based chemotherapy. All @entity1 had moderately to poorly differentiated @entity5 with @entity66 less than 1 cm. Acute side effects of treatment included mild to moderate @entity390 and @entity294 . @entity882 (less than 50,000) was noted in five @entity1 . No @entity548 or infectious complications were noted, and no @entity1 required hospital admission for side effects. Disease recurred in nine @entity1 with two still alive 13 and 52 months after starting irradiation. Six @entity1 are currently alive without evidence of disease at follow-up, ranging from eight to 48 months. The mean survival to date is 20 months with four @entity1 alive more than 2 years, and two @entity1 alive for greater than 3 years from their radiation therapy. @entity1 tolerance has been acceptable, and both the short and long-term @entity137 are minimal. Late side effects of treatment have not been noted. This technique offers a chance for a long, disease-free interval and possible cure in well-defined cases of chemotherapy-treated @entity1 with persistent @entity43 .

title: Hyperfractionation of whole-abdomen radiation therapy: salvage treatment of persistent XXXX following chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'Stage III epithelial ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: Tricyclic antidepressants ( @entity2974 ) bind to activated charcoal both in vitro and in vivo in healthy volunteers after a therapeutic dose of @entity2974 . These findings provide a basis for the routine use of activated charcoal in @entity2974 @entity4968 . The object of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal in @entity1445 @entity1 . Ninety-one @entity1 from four centres with suspected @entity2974 @entity1445 were entered into a randomized study. Gastric lavage was performed on all @entity1 . Thirty-four received 20 g of activated charcoal and 43 served as controls. Fourteen @entity1 were excluded. Plasma drug concentrations were taken on admission and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The incidence of toxic symptoms was registered during 24 h. There was no significant difference in the area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve, the peak plasma concentrations or plasma half-lives between the two groups. Toxic symptoms were more frequent in the non-treated groups although this difference was not statistically significant. In @entity1 with @entity2974 @entity1445 initially treated with gastric lavage, a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal had no effect on the systemic absorption or elimination of @entity2974 .

title: Activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: Mutations in six genes that eliminate responsiveness of @entity375 a cells to alpha-factor were examined by assaying the binding of radioactively labeled alpha-factor to determine whether their lack of responsiveness was due to the absence of alpha-factor receptors. The @entity25220 mutants, known to be defective in the structural gene for the receptor, were found to lack receptors when grown at the restrictive temperature; these mutations probably affect the assembly of active receptors. Mutations in @entity9457 known to block @entity25220 mRNA accumulation also resulted in an absence of receptors. Mutations in @entity5679 , 5, 7, and 11 partially reduced the number of binding sites, but this reduction was not sufficient to explain the loss of responsiveness; the products of these genes appear to affect postreceptor steps of the response pathway. As a second method of distinguishing the roles of the various STE genes, we examined the sterile mutants for suppression. Mating of the @entity71023 mutant was apparently limited by its sensitivity to alpha-factor, as its sterility was suppressed by mutation @entity33372 -1, which leads to enhanced alpha-factor sensitivity. Sterility resulting from each of four @entity5679 mutations was suppressed partially by mutation @entity33372 -1 or by mutation bar1-1 when one of three other mutations ( @entity71024 -1, ros2-1, or @entity71025 -1) was also present. Sterility of the @entity5678 -3 mutant was suppressed by mutation @entity71024 -1 but not by @entity33372 -1. The @entity6771 , 11, and 12 mutations were not suppressed by @entity71024 or @entity33372 . Our working model is that STE genes control the response to alpha-factor at two distinct steps. Defects at one step (requiring the @entity25220 gene are suppressed (directly or indirectly) by mutation @entity33372 -1, whereas defects at the other step (requiring the @entity5678 gene) are suppressed by the @entity71024 -1 mutation. The @entity5679 mutants are defective for both steps. Mutation @entity71024 -1 was found to be allelic to cdc39-1. Map positions for genes @entity25220 , @entity9457 , @entity71025 , and @entity71026 were determined.

title: XXXX mutants unresponsive to alpha-factor pheromone: alpha-factor binding and extragenic suppression.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The @entity55607 gene of @entity375 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity55607 gene is weakly inducible by @entity26 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity43541 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity43541 . The weak @entity26 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity43541 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in XXXX regulation of the @entity375 @entity55607 gene.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The @entity55607 gene of @entity375 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity55607 gene is weakly inducible by @entity26 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity43541 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity43541 . The weak @entity26 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity43541 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in @entity26 regulation of the @entity375 XXXX gene.

answer: @entity55607 :: (856672(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['CYC7']


abstract: The @entity55607 gene of @entity375 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity55607 gene is weakly inducible by @entity26 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity43541 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity43541 . The weak @entity26 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity43541 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in @entity26 regulation of the XXXX @entity55607 gene.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity101 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity35 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity3317 (ACTH) and @entity9210 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity9210 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity9210 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity101 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously XXXX and @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9210 :: ('24664(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH', 'alpha-MSH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenocorticotropin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity101 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity35 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity3317 (ACTH) and @entity9210 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity9210 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity9210 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity101 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously @entity101 and XXXX Kyoto @entity35 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity101 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity35 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity3317 (ACTH) and @entity9210 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity9210 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity9210 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity101 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously @entity101 and @entity35 Kyoto XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have become an important tool in the investigation of @entity1897 . Electrically evoked SEPs are most suitable because they provide results with small variations and are readily repeatable. Techniques for testing 10 different @entity3140 , dermatomes, cutaneous fibers of trigeminal nerve, and nerves supplying urogenital areas are now available. The established, principal areas of application are in the investigation of @entity5300 , proximal injuries of individual nerves in upper and lower limbs, and @entity158 and in the differential diagnosis of @entity158 caused by psychogenic causes or organic lesions. The techniques have proven to be of value in demonstrating early proximal abnormalities in @entity305 . Abnormalities have occurred in trigeminal nerve lesions, @entity6982 , @entity2746 , and rare @entity16 . @entity854 have also been reported in @entity4681 , @entity3918 , and other conditions. Applications in the diagnosis of @entity75 are not satisfactory; the techniques' usefulness in the investigation of these lesions does not extend beyond aiding the selection of @entity1 for other diagnostic modalities, such as myelography, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The usefulness of SEP techniques in the diagnosis of @entity1897 will remain, even if advances in organ imaging techniques can provide more specific information about the level and magnitude of lesions in the central nervous system. SEP techniques are an important complement to the other well-established methods, such as clinical testing, electromyography, and nerve conduction studies.

title: Role of somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of XXXX : recent advances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['spondylopathic root lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower limb nerves']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus lesions']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Unexpected abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary ataxias']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']


abstract: Coxsackie @entity22421 infections are common and frequently asymptomatic. However in young @entity1 , they can cause primary @entity384 and complicate previous @entity65 . Virus diagnosis is difficult and based mainly on the detection of significant rising or stating high neutralizing antibody titers. A clinical and epidemiological five years study investigated 3,856 sera. 30.2% of the @entity1 had evidence of a significant antibody titer (greater than or equal to 64) to one of the group B Coxsackie viruses; this percentage reaches 34.6% in cardiology and fluctuates from year to year; Coxsackie B2 is predominant (55.9%) in cardiology; coxsackie B1 and B2 antibody responses were detected more frequently than @entity71027 . Coxsackie B6 appears to be uncommon. From these, 66 @entity1 have evidence of coxsackie @entity22421 infections with 60.2% for Coxsackie B2; they include @entity2396 (30.3%), acute and chronic @entity384 (19.7%). Moreover it has been suggested that Coxsackie @entity22421 might be responsible for electrocardiographic abnormalities (9.1%), @entity741 and @entity583 . Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay with purified antigens (VP1 and VP4) did not appear better than microneutralisation for evaluation of IgM and IgG antibodies. To elucidate the mechanisms of @entity299 it is refer to viral replication, virus specific and auto-reactive T cells cytotoxic activities.

title: [Coxsackie XXXX infections in cardiology. Apropos of 66 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiomyopathies', 'congestive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular illnesses']

answer: @entity22421 :: (12286,Species) :: ['B virus']


abstract: Pimpled egg shells are one of the various types of egg shell problems in the industry today. In this study, graded levels of @entity3875 (D3) (0, 138, 275, 550, 2200, 22,000, 44,000, and 88,000 ICU of D3/kg of feed) were fed in a @entity4336 -soy ration to Single Comb White Leghorn hens (78 weeks of age), randomly assigned to one of the eight treatments. Feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg specific gravity, and pimple score were determined at weekly or biweekly intervals for a 10-week period. At termination of the experiment, @entity460 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , and ash content of the uterus and serum @entity460 levels were assayed. Results showed that a significant (P less than .05) linear increase in pimple score, uterine ash, and serum @entity460 occurred as dietary levels of D3 increased. Egg production and egg specific gravity were correlated to D3 level in a quadratic fashion. Uterine @entity1372 levels declined with increased D3 in the diet, while @entity972 values showed no differences. @entity460 levels of uterine tissue tended to increase with increased D3. The lowest (0 ICU/kg) and highest level of D3 (88,000 ICU/kg) significantly decreased feed consumption. It was concluded that egg shell pimpling is directly related to level of @entity3875 (D3) in the diet.

title: Effects of feeding graded levels of XXXX on egg shell pimpling in aged hens.

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol', 'vitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity1286 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity235 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity7862 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity1286 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity7862 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity1286 and @entity7862 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity1510 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity1286 and @entity7862 were blocked by @entity5757 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1245 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity1286 or @entity7862 was not modify by i.v. @entity5757 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1245 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity235 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity1286 on colonic motility in @entity235 by the XXXX receptor antagonist @entity5757 .

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity1286 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity235 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity7862 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity1286 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity7862 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity1286 and @entity7862 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity1510 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity1286 and @entity7862 were blocked by @entity5757 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1245 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity1286 or @entity7862 was not modify by i.v. @entity5757 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1245 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity235 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity1286 on colonic motility in @entity235 by the @entity1245 receptor antagonist XXXX .

answer: @entity5757 :: (MESH:D005442,Chemical) :: ['RO 15-1788']


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity1286 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity235 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity7862 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity1286 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity7862 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity1286 and @entity7862 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity1510 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity1286 and @entity7862 were blocked by @entity5757 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1245 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity1286 or @entity7862 was not modify by i.v. @entity5757 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1245 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity235 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered XXXX on colonic motility in @entity235 by the @entity1245 receptor antagonist @entity5757 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity1286 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity235 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity7862 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity1286 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity7862 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity1286 and @entity7862 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity1510 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity1286 and @entity7862 were blocked by @entity5757 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1245 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity1286 or @entity7862 was not modify by i.v. @entity5757 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1245 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity235 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity1286 on colonic motility in XXXX by the @entity1245 receptor antagonist @entity5757 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3044 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity6 . Blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity3839 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity6 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3044 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity6 @entity35 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3044 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity35 studied 48 h after @entity3839 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3044 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity3839 treatment or increases in blood @entity413 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3044 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity6 . Blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity3839 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity6 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3044 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity6 @entity35 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3044 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity35 studied 48 h after @entity3839 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3044 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity3839 treatment or increases in blood @entity413 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in @entity3839 -induced XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3044 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity6 . Blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity3839 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity6 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3044 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity6 @entity35 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3044 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity35 studied 48 h after @entity3839 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3044 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3044 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity35 @entity6 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity3839 treatment or increases in blood @entity413 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have examined possible mechanisms by which osmolality might modulate @entity24585 secretion in dispersed @entity291 @entity3243 cells. Increasing medium osmolality by adding @entity2827 causes a marked, dose-dependent increase in @entity24585 release. The maximum effect (4-fold increase) is observed when osmolality is around 650 mosM, with half-maximal stimulation at about 400 mosM. When osmolality is increased to a similar extent with either sucrose or @entity2827 , @entity24585 secretion is enhanced to a comparable degree, suggesting that osmolality itself, rather than ionic strength, is responsible for the increase in @entity24585 secretion. Time course experiments show that the increased secretion of @entity24585 with high osmolality occurs very rapidly (in less than 5 min). In contrast to the suppressive effects of high @entity141 on @entity24585 release, increasing @entity460 concentration in the incubation media does not inhibit the stimulation of @entity24585 secretion by high osmolality. Moreover, the effects of @entity935 (10(-5) M) and high osmolality on @entity24585 release are additive, further suggesting that high osmolality and @entity268 modulate @entity24585 release by different mechanisms. In fact, direct measurement of cellular @entity268 in cells exposed to high osmolality shows no change relative to control cells incubated with normal osmolality, 127 +/- 20 vs. 146 +/- 21 fmol/10(5) cells, respectively. Cytosolic @entity141 increases from 257 +/- 29 nM to 703 +/- 50 nM after 200 mM @entity1219 is added to the incubation medium at low @entity141 (0.5mM). Prior removal of extracellular @entity460 abolished this effect. Increasing the osmolality to a similar level by adding @entity969 to the medium does not demonstrate any increase in cytosolic @entity460 . We conclude that high osmolality is a potent secretogogue in dispersed @entity291 @entity3243 cells. Unlike @entity935 and @entity3044 , high osmolality does not act through changes in intracellular @entity268 . It also prevents the normal inhibitory effect of high @entity141 on @entity24585 release. Change of cytosolic @entity141 is variable and suggests that the effect of high osmolality on @entity24585 release cannot be explained by cytosolic @entity141 alone. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which osmolality affects @entity24585 release, therefore, may provide clues to the unusual inverse relationship between extracellular and cytosolic @entity460 and @entity24585 release.

title: High osmolality: a potent @entity3243 hormone secretogogue in dispersed XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid']


abstract: We have examined possible mechanisms by which osmolality might modulate @entity24585 secretion in dispersed @entity291 @entity3243 cells. Increasing medium osmolality by adding @entity2827 causes a marked, dose-dependent increase in @entity24585 release. The maximum effect (4-fold increase) is observed when osmolality is around 650 mosM, with half-maximal stimulation at about 400 mosM. When osmolality is increased to a similar extent with either sucrose or @entity2827 , @entity24585 secretion is enhanced to a comparable degree, suggesting that osmolality itself, rather than ionic strength, is responsible for the increase in @entity24585 secretion. Time course experiments show that the increased secretion of @entity24585 with high osmolality occurs very rapidly (in less than 5 min). In contrast to the suppressive effects of high @entity141 on @entity24585 release, increasing @entity460 concentration in the incubation media does not inhibit the stimulation of @entity24585 secretion by high osmolality. Moreover, the effects of @entity935 (10(-5) M) and high osmolality on @entity24585 release are additive, further suggesting that high osmolality and @entity268 modulate @entity24585 release by different mechanisms. In fact, direct measurement of cellular @entity268 in cells exposed to high osmolality shows no change relative to control cells incubated with normal osmolality, 127 +/- 20 vs. 146 +/- 21 fmol/10(5) cells, respectively. Cytosolic @entity141 increases from 257 +/- 29 nM to 703 +/- 50 nM after 200 mM @entity1219 is added to the incubation medium at low @entity141 (0.5mM). Prior removal of extracellular @entity460 abolished this effect. Increasing the osmolality to a similar level by adding @entity969 to the medium does not demonstrate any increase in cytosolic @entity460 . We conclude that high osmolality is a potent secretogogue in dispersed @entity291 @entity3243 cells. Unlike @entity935 and @entity3044 , high osmolality does not act through changes in intracellular @entity268 . It also prevents the normal inhibitory effect of high @entity141 on @entity24585 release. Change of cytosolic @entity141 is variable and suggests that the effect of high osmolality on @entity24585 release cannot be explained by cytosolic @entity141 alone. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which osmolality affects @entity24585 release, therefore, may provide clues to the unusual inverse relationship between extracellular and cytosolic @entity460 and @entity24585 release.

title: High osmolality: a potent XXXX hormone secretogogue in dispersed @entity3243 cells.

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid']


abstract: 1. In anesthetized @entity468 , we investigated excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the cerebral cortex to @entity10789 neurons (DNNs) and determined the pathways responsible for mediating these inputs to DNNs. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from 201 DNNs whose locations were histologically determined. These neurons were identified as efferent DNNs by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the contralateral @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ). Stimulation of the contralateral pericruciate cortex produced excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) followed by long-lasting inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in DNNs. The most effective stimulating sites for inducing these responses were observed in the medial portion (area 6) and its adjacent middle portion (area 4) of the precruciate gyrus. Convergence of cerebral inputs from area 4 and area 6 to single DNNs was rare. 3. To determine the precerebellar nuclei responsible for mediation of the cerebral inputs to the @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ), we examined the effects of stimulation of the @entity3308 ( @entity3308 ), the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and the inferior olive (IO). Systematic mapping was made in the NRTP and the @entity3308 to find effective low-threshold stimulating sites for evoking monosynaptic EPSPs in DNNs. Stimulation of either the @entity3308 or the NRTP produced monosynaptic EPSPs and polysynaptic IPSPs in DNNs. Using a conditioning-testing paradigm (a conditioning stimulus to the cerebral peduncle (CP) and a test stimulus to the @entity3308 or the NRTP) and intracellular recordings from DNNs, we tested cerebral effects on neurons in the @entity3308 and the NRTP making a monosynaptic connection with DNNs. Conditioning stimulation of the CP facilitated @entity3308 - and NRTP-induced monosynaptic EPSPs in DNNs. This spatial facilitation indicated that the excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex to DNNs are at least partly relayed via the @entity3308 and the NRTP. 4. Stimulation of the contralateral IO produced monosynaptic EPSPs and polysynaptic IPSPs in DNNs. These monosynaptic EPSPs were facilitated by conditioning stimulation of the CP, strongly suggesting that the IO is partly responsible for mediating excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex to the @entity10789 . A comparison was made between the latencies of IO-evoked IPSPs in DNNs and the latencies of IO-evoked complex spikes in Purkinje cells. Such a comparison indicated that the shortest-latency IPSPs evoked from the IO were not mediated via the Purkinje cells and suggested the pathway mediated by inhibitory interneurons in the @entity10789 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Excitatory inputs to cerebellar XXXX neurons from the cerebral cortex in the cat.

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'pontine nucleus']

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'red nucleus', 'dentate nucleus', 'RN']

answer: @entity10789 :: (MESH:D002527,Disease) :: ['dentate nucleus']


abstract: The effect of repeated interactions of antibodies with cell surface antigens have been examined in in vitro, but not in in vivo systems. In this study are described the results of multiple antibody-cell surface antigen interactions in vivo. @entity95 were given repeated intravenous injections of goat antibodies to @entity32256 ( @entity32256 ), an antigen expressed on the surface of lung endothelial cells. For prevention of anaphylactic reactions, which would have been induced by multiple injections of heterologous immune or nonimmune IgG, the @entity95 were made neonatally tolerant to goat IgG. Divalent immune IgG given daily for 21 days induced chronic antigenic modulation (antigen disappearance) with resistance to antibody-mediated inflammatory lesions. The @entity95 , however, developed degenerative changes of alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells. Administration of immune IgG every other day for 43 days allowed partial reexpression of @entity32256 and was associated with intravascular, but not interstitial, inflammatory changes. In contrast, repeated administration of monovalent immune Fab did not induce antigenic modulation but caused severe, lethal, @entity401 . Thus, in this experimental model the development of acute interstitial inflammatory changes correlates with persistence of antigen and is abrogated by disappearance of antigen induced by divalent antibodies. Further, repeated endothelial antigen antibody interactions fail to induce chronic inflammatory or sclerosing lung lesions.

title: Lung injury mediated by antibodies to endothelium. II. Study of the effect of repeated antigen-antibody interactions in XXXX tolerant to heterologous antibody.

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity32256 :: ('100009274(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Primary monolayers grown from F1 band of a Percoll gradient centrifugation ("distal" monolayers) were studied, after confluency, 6-14 days after seeding. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that two cell types, resembling principal cells of the @entity95 cortical collecting tubule (CCT) and intercalated cells of either CCT or connecting tubule, constitute approximately 96% of the monolayer. About two-thirds of the intercalated cells fluoresced when treated with fluorescent peanut lectin. Indirect specific immunocytofluorescent staining revealed fluorescence in 96% of the cells, confirming that the monolayers were derived from CCT or connecting tubule cells. Exposure of monolayers to vasopressin or @entity3044 increases @entity268 ( @entity268 ) content in the cells and bathing medium, whereas parathyroid hormone was ineffective. Electrophysiological studies revealed a transepithelial voltage (VT) of -11 +/- 2 mV, and basolateral membrane voltage (Vb) of -77 +/- 5 mV (n = 20). The transepithelial electrical @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) was 1,870 +/- 250 omega X cm2 (n = 13). In three out of six monolayers, @entity6478 (10(-5) M) applied to the apical side produced an increase in apical membrane voltage (Va) from -71 +/- 1 to -89 +/- 9 mV) and a decrease in VT (from -10 +/- 1 to -2 +/- 1 mV). The @entity3013 did not change during @entity6478 exposure. Exposure of the apical membrane to 140 mM K+-depolarized Va from -67 +/- 7 to -39 +/- 11 mV (P less than 0.002) and hyperpolarized VT from -7 +/- 2 to -15 +/- 3 mV (P less than 0.005). Exposure to high K+ from the basolateral side depolarized Vb from -76 +/- 11 to -43 +/- 10 mV (P less than 0.001) and depolarized VT from -9 +/- to 8 +/- 5 mV (P less than 0.001). This preparation is suitable to study basic aspects of epithelial transport by electrophysiological methods and other techniques. The findings are consistent with several of the known properties of cortical collecting tubules from @entity95 studied by the isolated perfused tubule technique.

title: Electrophysiological studies of primary cultures of XXXX distal tubule cells.

entities_list: @entity268 :: ('CHEBI:17489', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate", 'cAMP']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['resistance', 'RT']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A combination of quantitatively evaluated morphological parameters and of conventional prognostic indicators has been used to study 19 cases of @entity9962 from @entity1 treated only by surgery, later developing recurrences or @entity3 . This set of @entity1 not treated with adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy, cytostatic or hormonal therapy), was selected from 350 consecutive @entity0 which had been treated with surgical therapy. The aim was to investigate whether the morphometrical features are correlated with disease-free survival. Of the single features, the mitotic activity index (MAI) is most strongly correlated with prognosis. Ten of the 19 @entity1 had an MAI value above 9, and all of them recurred within 18 months. In contrast, of the 9 other @entity1 with low mitotic rate (MAI below or equal to 9), none recurred within 24 months. Further, a correlation exists between disease-free survival, mean and standard deviation of nuclear and nucleolar area, and tubular component of the @entity5 . There is no correlation between nuclear form factors and recurrence. The multivariate prognostic score is also significantly correlated with recurrence, but not as strongly as in other publications. This is obviously due to the blurring influence of the lymph node status, which was not significantly correlated with the prognosis. Thus, in this small set of @entity1 not treated with any adjuvant therapy, the results of morphometric analysis are in agreement with earlier data and emphasize the prognostic significance of quantitative microscopical analysis in @entity0 .

title: Correlation between morphometrical parameters and XXXX treated only by surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['disease-free survival in ductal breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity28 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity28 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity28 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity353 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity1386 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity1386 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity1386 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity28 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity28 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity1 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity1386 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of XXXX @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity28 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity28 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity28 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity353 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity1386 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity1386 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity1386 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity28 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity28 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity1 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity1386 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of @entity28 XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity28 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity28 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity28 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity353 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity1386 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity1386 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity1386 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity28 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity28 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity1 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity1386 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of @entity28 @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Novel (non- @entity7414 have many of the morphological, biochemical and biological properties described originally for @entity7414 but they do not share the same group antigens. By negative-stain electron microscopy, novel rotaviruses have the characteristic rotavirus morphology, although with some novel rotaviruses the characteristic single- and double-shelled particles may not be readily apparent. Comparison of novel rotaviruses in serological tests has revealed the existence of at least six rotavirus serogroups, A to F, with the original rotaviruses belonging to group A. As with @entity7414 , viruses from different animal species, including @entity1 , can belong to the same serogroup. A further point of difference between novel and @entity7414 is their genome profiles, which lack the triplet of segments in the 7-8-9 region of @entity7414 . This is a useful diagnostic aid. Novel rotaviruses have been found in farm animals and @entity1 . They can cause @entity1681 experimentally and infect villus enterocytes. In @entity1573 , @entity233 , @entity742 and @entity1707 the viruses and/or antibody to them are commonly found, in association with either @entity4092 . In @entity1 one type of novel virus has emerged as a cause of severe @entity66 in adults. The possible reasons for the relatively recent discovery of the novel rotaviruses are discussed.

title: Novel rotaviruses in animals and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal disease']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotaviruses', 'group A) rotaviruses']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['clinical or subclinical infection']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity1 with @entity170 , II of them with menopause @entity170 and 5 with @entity134 -induced @entity170 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity1 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity460 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity460 and @entity3151 levels and of the 24-hour @entity460 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity3814 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity460 and @entity3151 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity1 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity134 -induced @entity170 with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity1 with @entity170 , II of them with menopause @entity170 and 5 with @entity134 -induced @entity170 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity1 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity460 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity460 and @entity3151 levels and of the 24-hour @entity460 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity3814 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity460 and @entity3151 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity1 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 and @entity134 -induced XXXX with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity1 with @entity170 , II of them with menopause @entity170 and 5 with @entity134 -induced @entity170 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity1 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity460 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity460 and @entity3151 levels and of the 24-hour @entity460 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity3814 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity460 and @entity3151 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity1 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity1 with @entity170 and XXXX -induced @entity170 with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']