abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the characteristic clinical and imaging findings of pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction caused by @entity8 ( @entity8 ), as it presents particular features within the spectrum of congenital @entity3041 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 1982 and December 2000, 384 @entity1 underwent surgery for PUJ obstruction. In 71 (18.5%; mean age 8.5 years, range 2 months to 14 years; 49 aged> 5 years), the obstruction was caused by @entity8 . The data collected from the medical records of these @entity1 were analysed for their clinical presentation and imaging findings, i.e. ultrasonography (US), intravenous urography (IVU) and diuretic renography. RESULTS: The main presenting symptom was recurrent renal colic ( @entity158 , @entity390 , @entity391 ) in 59%, followed by @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in 20%, gross haematuria in 11% and an incidental diagnosis in 10%. By contrast, in the 313 @entity1 with @entity4145 was present in only 10.5%. Moreover, from 1991 to 2000, when the use of prenatal US became widespread, @entity3041 was detected prenatally in 42 of 212 @entity1 (20%) with @entity4145 , but in only two of 31 (6%) with obstruction by @entity8 . However, in 10 @entity1 with @entity8 operated on during this period, prenatal US had shown mild @entity3041 (< 15 mm), which during the follow-up decreased until the @entity1 became symptomatic after 5-9 years (eight renal colic, two @entity293 ). US during acute symptoms showed significant @entity3041 (> 25 mm), and colour Doppler US of two @entity1 directly showed the @entity8 . In all 71 @entity1 with @entity8 and renography during the acute symptoms had an obstructive pattern, and in 24 renal colic was reproduced during the examination. The differential kidney function was < 40% in 11 @entity1 who presented with @entity293 ; two required nephrectomy and in the remaining 69 an Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty, after which none had an episode of renal colic or @entity293 during a mean (range) follow-up of 10.2 (2-20) years. CONCLUSIONS: PUJ obstruction by @entity8 should be suspected in older @entity1 presenting with recurrent renal colic and @entity3041 . Good kidney function is expected in most of these @entity1 , despite their age, because the @entity455 is intermittent. Mild prenatal @entity3041 that could decrease postnatally does not exclude the possibility of @entity455 , which may later become symptomatic. Imaging (US, diuretic IVU and renography) during an episode of @entity158 is essential and colour Doppler US could help to establish the diagnosis in these cases. Knowing that a @entity1 has a @entity8 is important for choosing an open surgical approach rather than endoscopic pyelotomy, to avoid potential complications

title: XXXX by @entity8 : clinical and imaging features.

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a reliable, noninvasive imaging method that is useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular @entity715 . We conducted a retrospective study of all the echocardiograms from @entity1 in the postoperative care unit to assess the role of TTE in @entity715 identification in the left ventricle. METHODS: This retrospective database evaluation included all echocardiograms during a 14-month period. The echocardiographic examination protocol included the subcostal four-chamber view, the apical four-chamber view, the apical two-chamber view and the parasternal view, along the long and short axes in both spontaneously and mechanically ventilated @entity1 . All echocardiograms were obtained within the 48 hours immediately following surgery. RESULTS: In total, 160 postoperative echocardiograms were obtained from 160 @entity1 and resulted in the detection of five cases of @entity715 . Subgroup analysis showed that 21 and 35 of the 160 @entity1 examined had either dilated or @entity296 , respectively. In these @entity1 , preoperative echocardiograms had been obtained recently prior to surgery and were negative for @entity1002 . In three of 35 @entity1 with @entity296 and two of 21 @entity1 with @entity384 , @entity715 was identified in the left ventricle. The thrombi were mobile, uncalcified and pedunculated and were located in the apex of the left ventricle. In addition, no clinical consequences of the left ventricular thrombi were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Low-flow conditions in @entity299 due to @entity63 or @entity384 in conjunction with the @entity49 caused by perioperative prothrombotic factors may lead to thrombotic events in the left ventricle.

title: Transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis of XXXX in the postoperative care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart chambers']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['left ventricular thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 exercise with the support of family members maximizes mobility and improves muscle strength in the nonparetic lower limb after @entity64 . DESIGN: Comparison of improvement at 2 wk between conventional exercise sessions and a program also including the participation of family members. Subjects were 60 @entity1 rendered nonambulatory by severe @entity1269 from their first @entity64 . Of these, 42 had family members participating in their therapy. Lower limb strength was measured on the nonparetic side using an isokinetic machine. Mobility status was assessed using the Rivermead Mobility Index. @entity1 were evaluated at the first inpatient gym session and again at 1 and 2 wk. RESULTS: At the first evaluation, lower limb strength and the Rivermead Mobility Index score did not differ between the two groups. Reevaluations were conducted at 1 and 2 wk after the first evaluation. @entity1 ' strength and mobility improved more when family members participated. CONCLUSION: Family participation is an important contributor to @entity64 rehabilitation.

title: Mobility and muscle strength contralateral to hemiplegia from XXXX : benefit from self-training with family support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity668 , a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity5447 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity1831 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity35 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1831 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 was added into the culture), @entity668 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity668 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity2667 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity19 -versus- @entity35 @entity5447 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity2822 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity5447 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity5447 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity98 assay in @entity1831 + @entity668 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, lower than those of the @entity1831 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + 1 @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity5447 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity7131 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity5447 downregulation induced by @entity1831 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity1831 in CFs.

title: [Effects of XXXX on cell proliferation and @entity5447 expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by @entity5463 ].

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity668 :: (MESH:C016299,Chemical) :: ['chelerythrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity668 , a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity5447 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity1831 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity35 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1831 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 was added into the culture), @entity668 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity668 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity2667 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity19 -versus- @entity35 @entity5447 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity2822 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity5447 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity5447 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity98 assay in @entity1831 + @entity668 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, lower than those of the @entity1831 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + 1 @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity5447 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity7131 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity5447 downregulation induced by @entity1831 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity1831 in CFs.

title: [Effects of @entity668 on cell proliferation and XXXX expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by @entity5463 ].

answer: @entity5447 :: (83571(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p27']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity668 , a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor, on the cell proliferation and @entity5447 expression of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) modulated by @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) and to investigate the intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of @entity1831 in CFs. METHODS: The cultured CFs of neonatal @entity35 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1831 group (10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 was added into the culture), @entity668 group (10(-6) mol/L @entity668 and 10(-7) mol/L @entity1831 were added into the culture), and control group. @entity98 assay was used to evaluate the cell proliferation. The cultured cells were collected and @entity2667 was used to label the DNA so as to identify the cell cycle. Specific @entity19 -versus- @entity35 @entity5447 protein monoclonal antibody and @entity2822 -labeled secondary antibody were added into the cell suspension to label the @entity5447 protein in the cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the distribution of cell cycles and @entity5447 expression. RESULTS: (1). The A value of CFs measured by @entity98 assay in @entity1831 + @entity668 group was 0.32 +/- 0.01, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (0.39 +/- 0.01, P < 0.01). (2). The percentage of CFs in S stage was 4.4% +/- 1.7% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, lower than those of the @entity1831 group (15.5% +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01) and control group (7.5% +/- 1.0%). The PI of CFs was 20.9% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly lower than that of the @entity1831 group (31.4% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The PI of the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that of the control group (26.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage was 79.1% +/- 1.2% in the @entity1831 + 1 @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (68.6% +/- 1.5%, P < 0.01). The percentage of CFs in G(0)/G(1) stage in the @entity1831 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (74.0% +/- 1.0%, P < 0.01) too. (3). The expression rate of @entity5447 protein was 91.7% +/- 2.2% in the @entity1831 + @entity668 group, significantly higher than that in the @entity1831 group (63.3% +/- 1.9%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity7131 inhibitor remarkably reverses the CFs proliferation and @entity5447 downregulation induced by @entity1831 . It may be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway of @entity1831 in CFs.

title: [Effects of @entity668 on cell proliferation and @entity5447 expression of cardiac fibroblasts modulated by XXXX ].

answer: @entity5463 :: (MESH:D001127,Chemical) :: ['arginine vasopressin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity5 and normal structure displacements during @entity1282 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins to account for resting and @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity135 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity1282 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity1 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity343 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity1282 , and resting and @entity1282 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity343 margins to account for setup error and @entity5 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity5 motion occurs even when the @entity1 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity343 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity5 motion in radiotherapy of @entity135 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity5 motion is performed. The @entity343 margin can be individualized to a single @entity1 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of @entity5 and organ motion during rest and XXXX and margin assessment for radiotherapy of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['deglutition-induced displacements', 'deglutition']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['deglutition']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity5 and normal structure displacements during @entity1282 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins to account for resting and @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity135 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity1282 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity1 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity343 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity1282 , and resting and @entity1282 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity343 margins to account for setup error and @entity5 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity5 motion occurs even when the @entity1 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity343 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity5 motion in radiotherapy of @entity135 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity5 motion is performed. The @entity343 margin can be individualized to a single @entity1 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of XXXX and organ motion during rest and @entity1282 and margin assessment for radiotherapy of @entity135 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify swallowing frequency and @entity5 and normal structure displacements during @entity1282 using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins to account for resting and @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity135 were imaged in the treatment position using dynamic MRI. Sagittal images were acquired. Two-dimensional displacement was analyzed using contours of normal structures and GTV drawn for one swallowing event. Deglutition-induced displacements were quantified based on position change during @entity1282 relative to preswallow structure location for anterior (A), posterior (P), superior (S), and inferior (I) directions. Additional long-time MRI series were obtained from a subset of 11 @entity1 while they were resting in order to determine swallowing frequency and duration. @entity343 margins to account for setup error, frequency and duration of @entity1282 , and resting and @entity1282 -induced GTV motion were calculated. RESULTS: Mean maximum resting displacements ranged from 1.5 to 3.1 mm for combined GTV subsites. Mean maximum swallowing GTV displacement for combined subsites ranged from 4.0 to 11.6 mm. Swallowing was nonperiodic, with a frequency ranging from 0 to 19 swallows over 12.8 min and mean swallow duration of 3.5 s. Based on the average swallowing characteristics in this cohort, the average @entity343 margins to account for setup error and @entity5 motion are estimated to be 4.7 mm anteriorly, 4.2 mm posteriorly, 4.7 mm inferiorly, and 6.0 mm superiorly. CONCLUSIONS: The measurable mean maximum resting displacement for the GTV indicates that @entity5 motion occurs even when the @entity1 is not swallowing. Nonuniform margins should be used as a standard @entity343 margin that accounts for setup error and @entity5 motion in radiotherapy of @entity135 unless adaptive radiotherapy with respect to intrafraction @entity5 motion is performed. The @entity343 margin can be individualized to a single @entity1 's swallowing characteristics or calculated as an average based on the swallowing data from the cohort.

title: Dynamic MRI analysis of @entity5 and organ motion during rest and @entity1282 and margin assessment for radiotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: Over the past 20 years, socioeconomic inequalities in mortality have widened, while job security and financial security have decreased. This paper examines the @entity1605 , a longitudinal study of white-collar British civil servants. In the Whitehall II cohort socioeconomic gradients in morbidity and cardiovascular risk factors at Phase 5 (1997-99) were generally steeper than at Phase 1 (1985-88). We examine the contribution of job and financial insecurity to these at Phase 5 in 6770 @entity1 and @entity1 , all of whom were white-collar civil servants at Phase 1. Steep, inverse employment grade gradients were observed for all health measures at Phase 5, except @entity165 and systolic blood pressure in @entity1 . Gradients in the sub-population of non-employed @entity1 tended to be steeper than gradients for @entity1 in employment, although, with the exception of self-rated health and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) score in @entity1 , differences were non-significant. Steep gradients in job insecurity were observed among employed @entity1 (p<or=0.01), and in financial insecurity among both employed and non-employed @entity1 (p<or=0.001), particularly non-employed @entity1 . With the exception of @entity308 , adjustment for job insecurity had little effect on the employment grade gradients in morbidity. However, financial insecurity contributed substantially to gradients in self-rated health, longstanding illness, and @entity308 in both employed and non-employed @entity1 , and additionally to GHQ score and diastolic blood pressure in the latter. Adjustment for financial insecurity in non-employed @entity1 substantially attenuated gradients in self-rated health, GHQ score and @entity308 . These findings imply that the specific effects of job insecurity in this cohort may be less important than the more general effects of financial insecurity in determining inequalities in health.

title: Future uncertainty and socioeconomic inequalities in health: the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Whitehall II study']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['Whitehall II study']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate, in a comparative analysis, the prognostic implications of postchemoradiotherapy (post-CRT) pathologic stage (ypStage) vs. postoperative pathologic stage (pStage) in @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between May 2001 and December 2006, 487 @entity1 with T3 mid or @entity5 were analyzed retrospectively. Concurrent CRT was administered preoperatively (n = 364, 74.7%) or postoperatively (n = 123, 25.3%). The radiation dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. All @entity1 underwent a total mesorectal excision and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in DFS, stratified by ypStage and pStage, were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: For surviving @entity1 , the median follow-up period was 68 months (range, 12-105 months). The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rate was not different, at 95.3% and 92.1% in preoperative and postoperative CRT groups, respectively (p = 0.402), but the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rate was significantly different, at 81.6% (preoperative CRT) vs. 65.4% (postoperative CRT; p = 0.001). The 5-year DFS rate of 78.8% in the preoperative CRT group was significantly better than the 63.0% rate in the postoperative CRT group (p = 0.002). Post-CRT pathologic Stage 0-I occurred in 42.6% (155 of 364) of the @entity1 with preoperative CRT. The 5-year DFS rates were 90.2% (ypStage 0-I), 83.5% (ypStage II), 77.3% (pStage II), 58.6% (ypStage III), and 54.7% (pStage III). The DFS rate of ypStage 0-I was significantly better than that of ypStage II or pStage II. Post-CRT pathologic Stage II and III had similar DFS, compared with pStage II and III, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Disease-free survival predicted by each ypStage was similar to that predicted by the respective pStage. Improved DFS with preoperative vs. postoperative CRT was associated with the ypStage 0-I group that showed a similarly favorable outcome to pStage I @entity5 .

title: Stage-to-stage comparison of preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy for T3 mid or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'distal rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['distal rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess clinical, therapeutic and diagnostic findings of strangulated @entity10193 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 17 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; average age: 81.7 years), all treated in the same service, for strangulated @entity10193 . The studied criteria were: clinical characteristics (general status, obstruction, sign of @entity5043 ), morphologic exams, mean delay for surgical treatment, and occurrence of @entity260 . RESULTS: The clinical examination revealed @entity1744 in 94% of the @entity1 (n = 16) and @entity3885 @entity1 ; 23.5% of the @entity1 presented a sign of @entity5043 . A major slimming was observed in 82% of the cases. A computed tomography, performed in 3 @entity1 , showed the presence of air in the under-pubic channel. Preoperative @entity10193 was suspected in 23.5% of the cases. Surgical treatment was performed after a mean delay of 5.3 d. The mortality and morbidity rates were respectively 35 and 18%. CONCLUSION: Due to the low specificity of clinical examination, preoperative @entity10193 remains difficult. Computed tomography can be of great help for the diagnosis. Any therapeutic delay increasing mortality rate, surgery is mandatory in case of @entity1744 in order to make the diagnosis and the treatment of such rare pathology.

title: [Strangulated XXXX : a report of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete obstruction in 1']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['Romberg-Howship']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturator hernia', 'diagnosis of obturator hernia', 'obturator hernias']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity10193 :: (MESH:D006553,Disease) :: ['obturator hernia']


abstract: A zinc finger protein that interacts with @entity1238 TATA-binding protein was previously isolated by a yeast two-hybrid screen and found to serve as a transcriptional repressor. The gene was designated the @entity72301 ( @entity72301 ). Herein, @entity72301 was found to be expressed maternally. After gastrulation, the level of @entity72301 mRNA decreased significantly throughout the neurula stage. However, mRNA levels increased at stage 35 and then began to decrease at stage 48. Eventually, no @entity72301 mRNA was observed in adult tissues except in the ovary. @entity72301 mRNA was detected in the animal hemisphere during gastrulation and observed in the neural ectoderm at the neurula stage. At the tailbud stage, @entity72301 was highly expressed in the head tissues such as brain, eyes, otic vesicles, lateral line placodes, and @entity4802 , but weakly in somites. Depletion of @entity72301 in the embryos using RNA interference caused premature death at the gastrula stage or induced secondary partial axis after gastrulation. These results strongly suggest that @entity72301 is an essential transcription factor involved in the cell movement during gastrulation and the formation of the dorsal axis during early development in @entity1238 .

title: A novel TBP-interacting zinc finger protein functions in early development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['branchial arches']

entities_list: @entity72301 :: ('779019(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['NZFP', 'negatively regulating zinc finger protein gene']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: Salivary flow has been recorded from conscious @entity95 during 1 min periods whilst continuously chewing standard laboratory dry pellets or pieces of @entity10786 and, in some animals, a mash of pellets with water. Flow was measured using contact drop recorders or a continuous flow recorder via @entity691 tubes permanently inserted into one or both parotid ducts. Large variations in flow were obtained with unilateral recordings particularly during dry pellet chewing. Bilateral recordings showed that the flow was always greater on one side than on the other and that dominant secretion alternated from side to side in an apparently random manner. @entity95 chew unilaterally. Videotaped recordings of chewing movements showed that the greater secretion was always produced on the chewing side. To test the possibility that @entity5932 , or the prolonged hardness of the pellets may result in higher flow rates in animals with cannulated ducts than would normally be seen in intact animals, water was injected downstream into the mouth through a third cannula. This was inserted in an anterograde direction in the parotid duct on one side. Significant reductions in flow were recorded during dry pellet eating, but not during @entity10786 eating. When animals were fed a soft pellet mash, salivary flow was significantly lower than with dry pellets. Recordings have been made from strain gauges attached to the ascending ramus of the mandible. Previous findings that dry pellets produce greater strain than @entity10786 have been confirmed. It has also been shown that less strain is produced with soft pellet mash. The strain gauge data suggested that a relation exists between masticatory force and parotid salivary flow. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that intra-oral mechanoreceptors may be involved in a masticatory-salivary reflex.

title: The possible relation between mastication and parotid secretion in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polythene']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['drying of the oral mucosa']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A study on mainly non-cancer-related @entity158 @entity1 was performed concerning clinical @entity1 data used for @entity158 history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive @entity1 referred to the anaesthetic branch of the @entity158 Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a @entity158 and @entity158 intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive @entity1 , data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the @entity1 at the first visit, judged by a specialist in @entity158 medicine. The @entity1 ' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important @entity158 mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for @entity1 evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in @entity158 @entity1 . It can also be used as a tool for clinical @entity158 research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of @entity1 quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.

title: XXXX questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) @entity158 conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-drawing', 'Multidisciplinary Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: A study on mainly non-cancer-related @entity158 @entity1 was performed concerning clinical @entity1 data used for @entity158 history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive @entity1 referred to the anaesthetic branch of the @entity158 Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a @entity158 and @entity158 intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive @entity1 , data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the @entity1 at the first visit, judged by a specialist in @entity158 medicine. The @entity1 ' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important @entity158 mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for @entity1 evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in @entity158 @entity1 . It can also be used as a tool for clinical @entity158 research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of @entity1 quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.

title: @entity158 questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) XXXX conditions.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many investigators have demonstrated the short-term and midterm efficacy of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, the influence of heparin dosing during @entity453 on postoperative and immediate graft patency is less well defined. This report outlines our experience with @entity453 employing a variety of heparinization protocols. METHODS: The traditional @entity453 approach was used in 152 @entity1 who underwent single-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass. Before the left internal mammary artery was divided, a 150-U/kg bolus of heparin @entity1372 was given to 76 @entity1 (group 1), and 300 U/kg was given to another 76 @entity1 (group 2). Additional heparin was given during the procedures to maintain an activated clotting times of greater than 300 seconds for group 1 and greater than 400 seconds for group 2. RESULTS: On average, @entity1 in group 1 required more boluses of heparin during treatment than @entity1 in group 2. A larger standard deviation from the mean was observed for the activated clotting time in group 1 at any time during treatment than for @entity1 in group 2. The number of revised grafts was smaller in group 2 (1/76, 1.3%) than in group 1 (4/76, 5.2%). All of these revisions revealed @entity715 at the site of @entity254 . In addition, noncoronary thrombotic complications were seen in 5 @entity1 in group 1, and none were seen in group 2. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass does not trigger the systemic inflammatory response, but surgical tissue trauma remains a constant. The preserved hemostasis theoretically may lead to a procoagulant state. This study demonstrates that insufficient anticoagulation therapy can lead to intracoronary @entity715 following @entity453 as well as @entity715 .

title: Heparin dose, transfusion rates, and intraoperative graft patency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['MIDCAB', 'minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['increased noncoronary thrombotic complications', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1582 is a haematological @entity5 whose care is spread over several specialities and provided by centres that various sizes, which raises the issue of equal opportunities in care access. Incident cases of @entity1582 between 2008 and 2010 were exhaustively identified by the Poitou-Charentes Cancer Registry. To ascertain the quality of care, the diagnosis, staging, and treatment administered were compared to international recommendations. Three hundred and sixty-seven @entity1 were included. The diagnostic procedure exhibited 98% compliance, the staging 58%, and treatment 89%. Concerning diagnostic and staging, non-compliance with recommendations was associated to the failure to perform collegiate case assessments in multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings [OR 2.15 (1.15-4.04)], care provided at a secondary centre, and a distance between home and the centre of 5-25  km [2.16 (1.06-4.40)] and 25-50  km [2.86 (1.37-6.01)]. Regarding treatment, non-compliance with recommendations was associated with care provided at a secondary centre [5.28 (2.03-13.75)]. Finally, diagnosis, staging and treatment quality improved over time. This study underlines the need to improve the organisation of the healthcare offer, so that @entity1 can receive the best possible care. MDT seems to be the main means to improve quality of care.

title: XXXX : the quality of care is linked to geographical and organisational determinants. A study in a French registry.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In Poland and all over the world, whole-body cryostimulation is becoming more and more popular in the treatment of different diseases and in sport. However, changes that occur in the @entity1 body subjected to cryogenic temperatures are still not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in blood circulation and aerobic capacity induced by repeated exposure to whole-body cryostimulation of young and clinically healthy male subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 25 young @entity1 , aged 21    0.9 years, average body weight 74.65    6.98 kg and height 179.5    5.12 cm. The @entity1 were exposed to extremely low temperatures in a cryogenic chamber once a day for 15 days. Each session lasted 3 min at -130  C and was preceded by 30-second, adaptation in a vestibule at -60  C. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before entering the chamber, immediately after exiting and 10 min later. We also calculated pulse pressure and the mean arterial blood pressure. Before and after the treatment the maximal @entity26 uptake was measured. RESULTS: Our results showed a significant @entity101 after each cryostimulation (by an average of 19 mmHg) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure only after the first cryostimulation (by 6 mm Hg). The @entity101 was accompanied by a significant decrease in heart rate (by about 7 bpm). No adaptation changes were observed after 15 treatments. There were no changes in aerobic capacity after 15 sessions of WBC, however we observed a significant decrease in RBC and hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSION: Due to the @entity101 after WBC, this kind of physiotherapy treatment is not recommended for @entity1 with advanced or not pharmacologically controlled @entity101 .

title: Changes in blood pressure with compensatory heart rate decrease and in the level of aerobic capacity in response to repeated whole-body cryostimulation in normotensive, young and physically active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ) is antibiotic responsive. METHODS: The authors conducted a single-center randomized double-masked placebo-controlled trial on 55 @entity1 with @entity3001 with persistent severe @entity1295 at least 6 or more months after antibiotic therapy. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive 28 days of IV @entity2756 or placebo. The primary clinical outcomes were improvement in @entity1295 , defined by a change of 0.7 points or more on an 11-item @entity1295 questionnaire, and improvement in cognitive function (mental speed), defined by a change of 25% or more on a test of reaction time. The primary laboratory outcome was an experimental measure of @entity2841 @entity281 , outer surface protein A (OspA). Outcome data were collected at the 6-month visit. RESULTS: @entity1 assigned to @entity2756 showed improvement in disabling @entity1295 compared to the placebo group (rate ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.50 to 8.03; p = 0.001). No beneficial treatment effect was observed for cognitive function or the laboratory measure of persistent @entity281 . Four @entity1 , three of whom were on placebo, had adverse events associated with treatment, which required hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2756 therapy in @entity1 with @entity3001 with severe @entity1295 was associated with an improvement in @entity1295 but not with cognitive function or an experimental laboratory measure of @entity281 in this study. Because @entity1295 (a nonspecific symptom) was the only outcome that improved and because treatment was associated with adverse events, this study does not support the use of additional antibiotic therapy with parenteral @entity2756 in post-treatment, persistently @entity1295 @entity1 with @entity3001 .

title: Study and treatment of post XXXX (STOP-LD): a randomized double masked clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['post Lyme syndrome', 'Lyme disease', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue', 'fatigued']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advances in tailored medical therapy and introduction of biologic agents for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) treatment have increased lasting of disease remission. Some @entity1 , however, still complain defecatory symptoms. @entity1 present with a wide spectrum of conditions, the most frequent anal @entity322 , @entity2371 , that have a great impact on Quality of Life. Due to @entity29 diagnosis, little relevance is given to this type of symptoms and their epidemiologic distribution is unknown. Pathogenetic hypotheses are under investigation. Routinely diagnostic workflow and therapeutic options in pelvic floor service are often underused. The evaluation of these disorders starts with the exclusion of the presence of active disease by endoscopy; the further diagnostic workflow is the same as in @entity1 without @entity29 . For @entity1241 and obstructed defecation, simple conservative therapy with habits modification, dietary and fluid advices is effective in most cases. In non-responders @entity1 , ano- rectal physiology tests and imaging are required to select @entity1 for pelvic floor muscle training and Bio-Feed-Back. These treatments have been proven effective in @entity29 @entity1 . Some new minimally invasive alternative strategies are available for @entity29 @entity1 , as sacral nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulation; for other ones (e.g.: bulking agents implantation) @entity29 still remain an exclusion criterion. Surgical options to cure @entity3087 are indicated in a small group of @entity29 @entity1 , due to the high risk of failure in wound healing and to the possible side effects of surgery, that can lead to anal @entity322 or to an eventual proctectomy, and in order to preserve anatomical areas that could be useful for future reconstructive techniques. A particular issue within defecatory symptoms in @entity1 with @entity29 is paradox after restorative proctocolectomy that can be related to a paradoxical pubo-rectalis contraction: if properly diagnosed, a conservative treatment is indicated, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy for small bowel occlusion. @entity2371 management, coordinated by a specialist with expertise in @entity3087 , includes many options, that vary from oral or local therapies to pelvic floor rehabilitation and sacral nerve stimulation. Surgical procedures have often non satisfactory results. Recognition and investigation of ano-rectal functional disorders in @entity1 with @entity29 is important to address correct diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in order to avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental medical and surgical therapies, with the aim of improving @entity1 ' Quality of Life.

title: XXXX in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dysfunction', 'pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic pain', 'obstructed defecation and pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['Pelvic floor dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advances in tailored medical therapy and introduction of biologic agents for @entity29 ( @entity29 ) treatment have increased lasting of disease remission. Some @entity1 , however, still complain defecatory symptoms. @entity1 present with a wide spectrum of conditions, the most frequent anal @entity322 , @entity2371 , that have a great impact on Quality of Life. Due to @entity29 diagnosis, little relevance is given to this type of symptoms and their epidemiologic distribution is unknown. Pathogenetic hypotheses are under investigation. Routinely diagnostic workflow and therapeutic options in pelvic floor service are often underused. The evaluation of these disorders starts with the exclusion of the presence of active disease by endoscopy; the further diagnostic workflow is the same as in @entity1 without @entity29 . For @entity1241 and obstructed defecation, simple conservative therapy with habits modification, dietary and fluid advices is effective in most cases. In non-responders @entity1 , ano- rectal physiology tests and imaging are required to select @entity1 for pelvic floor muscle training and Bio-Feed-Back. These treatments have been proven effective in @entity29 @entity1 . Some new minimally invasive alternative strategies are available for @entity29 @entity1 , as sacral nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulation; for other ones (e.g.: bulking agents implantation) @entity29 still remain an exclusion criterion. Surgical options to cure @entity3087 are indicated in a small group of @entity29 @entity1 , due to the high risk of failure in wound healing and to the possible side effects of surgery, that can lead to anal @entity322 or to an eventual proctectomy, and in order to preserve anatomical areas that could be useful for future reconstructive techniques. A particular issue within defecatory symptoms in @entity1 with @entity29 is paradox after restorative proctocolectomy that can be related to a paradoxical pubo-rectalis contraction: if properly diagnosed, a conservative treatment is indicated, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy for small bowel occlusion. @entity2371 management, coordinated by a specialist with expertise in @entity3087 , includes many options, that vary from oral or local therapies to pelvic floor rehabilitation and sacral nerve stimulation. Surgical procedures have often non satisfactory results. Recognition and investigation of ano-rectal functional disorders in @entity1 with @entity29 is important to address correct diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in order to avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental medical and surgical therapies, with the aim of improving @entity1 ' Quality of Life.

title: @entity3087 in XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity7943 reinitiation on the risk of @entity583 and @entity301 . METHODS: @entity1 prescribed @entity7943 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity7943 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity583 / @entity301 associated with @entity7943 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity7943 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years. Risk of @entity583 / @entity301 was similar for current @entity7943 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity1 who had not reinitiated @entity7943 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity1 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 .

title: Association between low-dose XXXX reinitiation and the risk of @entity583 or @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease death']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity7943 reinitiation on the risk of @entity583 and @entity301 . METHODS: @entity1 prescribed @entity7943 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity7943 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity583 / @entity301 associated with @entity7943 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity7943 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years. Risk of @entity583 / @entity301 was similar for current @entity7943 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity1 who had not reinitiated @entity7943 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity1 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 .

title: Association between low-dose @entity117 reinitiation and the risk of @entity583 or XXXX .

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In secondary cardiovascular prevention, discontinuation of @entity117 ( @entity7943 ) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This study assessed the impact of @entity7943 reinitiation on the risk of @entity583 and @entity301 . METHODS: @entity1 prescribed @entity7943 for secondary cardiovascular prevention and who had had a period of @entity7943 discontinuation of >= 90 days in 2000-2007 were identified from The Health Improvement Network (N   =   10,453). Incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was calculated. Survival analyses using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of @entity583 / @entity301 associated with @entity7943 use patterns after the initial period of discontinuation. Individuals who were prescribed @entity7943 during follow-up were considered reinitiators. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity583 / @entity301 was 8.90 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years. Risk of @entity583 / @entity301 was similar for current @entity7943 users, who had been continuously exposed since reinitiation, and @entity1 who had not reinitiated @entity7943 (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.73). Among reinitiators, an additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation was associated with increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 compared with no reinitiation (current users: hazard ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.90; noncurrent users: hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 reinitiation was not associated with a decreased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 . This may be explained by confounding by indication/comorbidity, whereby higher-risk @entity1 are more likely to reinitiate therapy. An additional period of @entity7943 discontinuation among reinitiators was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 / @entity301 .

title: Association between low-dose @entity117 reinitiation and the risk of XXXX or @entity301 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 or @entity1356 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity650 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity2298 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity1356 ( @entity72302 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity650 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 477 @entity1 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity1356 @entity72302 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity1 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity10194 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity650 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity1 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity650 were performed in the healthy young @entity1 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity1 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity412 (P = 0.002) and @entity165 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity1674 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity412 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity650 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity650 (the natural effector of @entity1356 ) was increased in these @entity1 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant @entity72302 (rs1143623) influences XXXX and @entity650 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 or @entity1356 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity650 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity2298 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity1356 ( @entity72302 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity650 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 477 @entity1 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity1356 @entity72302 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity1 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity10194 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity650 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity1 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity650 were performed in the healthy young @entity1 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity1 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity412 (P = 0.002) and @entity165 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity1674 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity412 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity650 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity650 (the natural effector of @entity1356 ) was increased in these @entity1 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant XXXX (rs1143623) influences @entity412 and @entity650 metabolism.

answer: @entity72302 :: (c|SUB|G|-1473|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-1473G/C']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1356 ( @entity1356 or @entity1356 ), a key modulator of the immune response, exerts its functions mainly via @entity650 regulation. Fatty meals cause transient @entity2298 and are considered to be proinflammatory, but the extent of these responses shows high interindividual susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the influence of a genetic variant located in the promoter region of @entity1356 ( @entity72302 ) on fasting and postprandial lipids and @entity650 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 477 @entity1 over age 65 yr were genotyped for @entity1356 @entity72302 , and we evaluated fasting lipids depending on genotype. Then, 88 healthy young @entity1 were also genotyped and were fed a @entity10194 -rich meal. Serial blood samples were drawn for 11 h after the meal, and lipid fractions and @entity650 were assayed. MAIN OUTCOME AND INTERVENTIONS: Fasting lipids were studied in the aged @entity1 . Fasting and postprandial measurements of lipids and @entity650 were performed in the healthy young @entity1 . RESULTS: In the aged @entity1 , CC subjects (minor allele homozygotes) showed higher @entity412 (P = 0.002) and @entity165 (P = 0.011) levels. Healthy young male carriers of the minor C allele showed higher postprandial @entity1674 (P = 0.037), and those carried into large @entity412 -rich lipoproteins (P = 0.004). In addition, they showed higher postprandial @entity650 concentrations (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that inflammatory genes may regulate fasting and postprandial lipids because the carriers of the minor allele of an IL gene variant have altered lipid metabolism. To reinforce these gene-phenotype findings, @entity650 (the natural effector of @entity1356 ) was increased in these @entity1 .

title: Interleukin 1B variant @entity72302 (rs1143623) influences @entity412 and XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin 6']


abstract: At least two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) to be efficacious and safe when used in the management of @entity508 in @entity1 . However, the need to use standard treatment protocols in these studies obscures some aspects of routine clinical practice that may have important effect on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to seek additional information on the use of BtxA that is not usually captured by RCTs. This was performed by reviewing the clinical practice of practitioners in 17 treatment centres in Europe. The details of treatment with BtxA, including the dose, site and frequency of injections and the use of anaesthesia or sedation, were abstracted from the @entity1 's records. Information was also obtained on the response to treatment and the occurrence and severity of adverse events. The data on 758 @entity1 who received a total of 1,594 treatments in 17 different clinics in Europe were analysed. Ninety-four per cent of @entity1 had @entity306 . There was a general agreement on the indications for treatment but the average dose of BtxA used varied between centres. One treatment centre used general anaesthesia (GA) prior to injections in most @entity1 . The reported efficacy and adverse events profile was similar for all centres. The evidence from routine clinical practice for the efficacy and safety of BtxA in the management of @entity508 in @entity1 , as described in this study, is in agreement with that of most of the open-label and RCTs published to date. The present study also demonstrates the disagreement between clinicians on the optimal dose of BtxA for individual muscles and confirms that the injections can be carried out without GA in almost all cases.

title: Botulinum toxin in the management of childhood XXXX : comparison of clinical practice of 17 treatment centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['muscle spasticity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of perinatal @entity308 ( @entity308 ) in South Asia are among the highest in the world. The delivery of effective psychological treatments for perinatal @entity308 through existing health systems is a challenge due to a lack of @entity1 resources. This paper reports on a trial protocol that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Thinking Healthy Programme delivered by peers (Thinking Healthy Programme Peer-delivered; @entity72303 ), for @entity1 with moderate to severe perinatal @entity308 in rural and urban settings in Pakistan and India. METHODS/DESIGN: @entity72303 is evaluated with two randomised controlled trials: a cluster trial in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and an individually randomised trial in Goa, India. Trial @entity1 are pregnant @entity1 who are registered with the lady health workers in the study area in Pakistan and pregnant @entity1 attending outpatient antenatal clinics in India. They will be screened using the @entity1 health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for @entity308 symptoms and will be eligible if their PHQ-9 is equal to or greater than 10 (PHQ-9   >=    10). The sample size will be 560 and 280 @entity1 in Pakistan and India, respectively. @entity1 in the intervention arm ( @entity72303 ) will be offered ten individual and four group sessions (Pakistan) or 6-14 individual sessions (India) delivered by a peer (defined as a mother from the same community who is trained and supervised in delivering the intervention). @entity1 in the control arm (enhanced usual care) will receive health care as usual, enhanced by providing the gynaecologist or primary-health facilities with adapted WHO mhGAP guidelines for @entity308 treatment, and providing the @entity1 with her diagnosis and information on how to seek help for herself. The primary outcomes are remission and severity of @entity308 symptoms at the 6-month postnatal follow-up. Secondary outcomes include remission and severity of @entity308 symptoms at the 3-month postnatal follow-up, functional disability, perceived social support, breastfeeding rates, @entity1 height and weight, and costs of health care at the 3- and 6-month postnatal follow-ups. The primary analysis will be intention-to-treat. DISCUSSION: The trials have the potential to strengthen the evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an evidence-based psychological treatment recommended by the World Health Organisation and delivered by peers for perinatal @entity308 . The trials have the unique opportunity to overcome the shortage of @entity1 resources in global mental health and may advance our understanding about the use of peers who work in partnership with the existing health systems in low-resource settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pakistan Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02111915 (9 April 2014) India Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02104232 (1 April 2014).

title: The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the peer-delivered Thinking Healthy Programme for perinatal XXXX in Pakistan and India: the SHARE study protocol for randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'woman', 'patient', 'Women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'antenatal and postnatal depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: To develop an individual prognostic calculator for @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 ( @entity157 ) undergoing trans-arterial chemo-embolization (TACE). METHODS: Data from two prospective databases, regarding 361 @entity1 who received TACE as first-line therapy (2000-2012), were reviewed in order to refine available prognostic tools and to develop a continuous individual web-based prognostic calculator. @entity1 with neoplastic portal vein invasion were excluded from the analysis. The model was built following a bootstrap resampling procedure aimed at identifying prognostic predictors and by carrying out a 10-fold cross-validation for accuracy assessment by means of Harrell's c-statistic. RESULTS: Number of @entity5 , serum albumin, serum total @entity648 , alpha-foetoprotein and maximum @entity5 size were selected as predictors of mortality following TACE with the bootstrap resampling technique. In the 10-fold cross-validation cohort, the model showed a Harrell's c-statistic of 0.649 (95% CI: 0.610-0.688), significantly higher than that of the @entity1416 Prognostic (HAP) score (0.589; 95% CI: 0.552-0.626; P = 0.001) and of the modified HAP-II score (0.611; 95% CI: 0.572-0.650; P = 0.005). Akaike's information criterion for the model was 2520; for the mHAP-II it was 2544 and for the HAP score it was 2554. A web-based calculator was developed for quick consultation at http://www.livercancer.eu/mhap3.html. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed individual prognostic model can provide an accurate prognostic prediction for each @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 following treatment with TACE without class stratification. The availability of an online calculator can help physicians in daily clinical practice.

title: Refining prognosis after trans-arterial chemo-embolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoma Arterial-embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Osteopontin is a noncollagenous extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in various tissues. Recent studies have shown the upregulation of osteopontin expression in the @entity63 cortex after @entity385 . We demonstrate here the upregulation of osteopontin expression in the spinal cord after @entity2850 . @entity35 were used in a compression model of @entity1566 (30-g load for 5 min). Northern blot analysis showed that osteopontin mRNA expression levels reached a peak 3 days after injury (sevenfold; p < 0.05). In situ hybridization demonstrated osteopontin mRNA expression in @entity39 areas from 24 h, peaking 3 days after injury. Immunohistochemistry detected osteopontin protein immunoreactivity from 12 h, peaking at 3 days. The peak time and distribution of osteopontin protein expression were coincident with those of osteopontin mRNA expression. Osteopontin expression in our model preceded that shown in the previously reported @entity385 models. Osteopontin protein was found in the cytoplasm at 3 days and secreted into the extracellular matrix at 7 days. Triple immunolabeling showed that osteopontin was localized in activated microglia surrounded by astrocytes.

title: Upregulation of osteopontin expression in XXXX spinal cord microglia after traumatic injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Laboratory rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a relatively rare, potentially aggressive cutaneous @entity5 . We examined the clinical and histologic features of primary @entity3852 that may correlate with the probability of a positive @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 with @entity3852 who underwent @entity1600 biopsy at the University of Michigan were identified. @entity1600 biopsy was performed on 97 @entity5 , and an @entity1600 was identified in 93 instances. These were reviewed for clinical and histologic features and associated @entity1600 positivity. Univariate associations between these characteristics and a positive @entity1600 were tested for by using either the   (2) or the Fisher's exact test. A backward elimination algorithm was used to help create a best multiple variable model to explain a positive @entity1600 . RESULTS: @entity1600 positivity was significantly associated with the clinical size of the lesion, greatest horizontal histologic dimension, @entity5 thickness, mitotic rate, and histologic growth pattern. Two competing multivariate models were generated to predict a positive @entity1600 . The histologic growth pattern was present in both models and combined with either @entity5 thickness or mitotic rate. CONCLUSION: Increasing clinical size, increasing @entity5 thickness, increasing mitotic rate, and infiltrative @entity5 growth pattern were significantly associated with a greater likelihood of a positive @entity1600 . By using the growth pattern and @entity5 thickness model, no subgroup of @entity1 was predicted to have a lower than 15% to 20% likelihood of a positive @entity1600 . This suggests that all @entity1 presenting with @entity3852 without clinical evidence of regional @entity1600 should be considered for @entity1600 biopsy.

title: Features predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['PURPOSE: Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'lymph node disease']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node positivity in Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Older @entity1 in care homes are at increased risk of medication errors and adverse drug events. The effect of formulation on administration errors is not known, that is whether the medicine is a tablet or capsule, liquid or device such as an inhaler. Also, the impact on administration errors of @entity262 ( @entity262 ), commonly used in UK care homes to dispense tablets and capsules, is not known. This study investigated the influence of formulation and @entity262 on administration errors. METHODS: Administration errors were identified by pharmacists (using validated definitions) observing two drug rounds of residents randomly selected from a purposive sample of UK nursing and residential homes. Errors were classified and analysed by formulation and medicine delivery system. RESULTS: The odds of administration errors by formulation, when compared with tablets and capsules in @entity262 , were: liquids 4.31 (95% CI 2.02 to 9.21; p = 0.0002); topicals/transdermals/injections 19.61 (95% CI 6.90 to 55.73; p < 0.0001); inhalers 33.58 (95% CI 12.51 to 90.19; p < 0.0001). The odds of administration errors for tablets and capsules not in @entity262 were double those that were dispensed in @entity262 (adjusted OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 4.51; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Inhalers and liquid medicines were associated with significantly increased odds of administration errors. Training of staff in safe administration of these formulations needs implementing. Although there was some evidence that @entity262 reduced the odds of an administration error, the use of @entity262 impacts on other aspects of medicines management. Because of this, and as the primary topic of our study was not @entity262 , a prospective trial specifically designed to evaluate the overall impact of @entity262 on medicine management in care homes is needed.

title: The influence of formulation and medicine delivery system on medication administration errors in care homes for older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['monitored dosage systems', 'MDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SWAN (Strength and Weakness of @entity71 and Normal-behavior) Questionnaire is a short instrument suitable for screening attention @entity71 . Its completion by parents or teachers requires a few minutes. Positive re-wording of attention- and activity-related behaviors and the extended 7- point rating scale anchored to average behavior make the instrument especially suitable for normal populations. Here, we report the Hungarian version of SWAN and compare its scales with relevant scales of the @entity1 Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHOD: Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 156 six-year-old @entity1 in a community sample. Of the 156 @entity1 89 were @entity1 of the longitudinal Budapest @entity1 -Parent Study (BIPS). RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Hungarian SWAN scales was excellent (Cronbach alfa: 0.87-0.93), correlations with relevant CBCL and SDQ scales were as expected (0.40-0.49 and 0.67-0.74) showing that the short questionnaire was suitable for detection of attention and @entity2915 problems. SWAN scores in our sample were normally distributed and scale means were also similar to foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: These initial Hungarian data confirm international experience with the SWAN. Psychometric indices, distribution of scale scores in the sample and across the sexes were consistent with foreign studies. Following collection of normative data, the Hungarian version of SWAN might be suitable for assessing mental health of @entity1 and adolescents, and for screening problem cases. Due to the wider range and the normal distribution of scores, SWAN provides a more suitable phenotype for genetic studies, than symptom scales.

title: [Screening childhood behavior problems using short questionnaires II.: The Hungarian version of the SWAN-scale (Strength and Weakness of XXXX and Normal-behavior) for screening attention @entity71 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'Infant']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD-symptoms', 'deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD-symptoms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SWAN (Strength and Weakness of @entity71 and Normal-behavior) Questionnaire is a short instrument suitable for screening attention @entity71 . Its completion by parents or teachers requires a few minutes. Positive re-wording of attention- and activity-related behaviors and the extended 7- point rating scale anchored to average behavior make the instrument especially suitable for normal populations. Here, we report the Hungarian version of SWAN and compare its scales with relevant scales of the @entity1 Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHOD: Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 156 six-year-old @entity1 in a community sample. Of the 156 @entity1 89 were @entity1 of the longitudinal Budapest @entity1 -Parent Study (BIPS). RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Hungarian SWAN scales was excellent (Cronbach alfa: 0.87-0.93), correlations with relevant CBCL and SDQ scales were as expected (0.40-0.49 and 0.67-0.74) showing that the short questionnaire was suitable for detection of attention and @entity2915 problems. SWAN scores in our sample were normally distributed and scale means were also similar to foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: These initial Hungarian data confirm international experience with the SWAN. Psychometric indices, distribution of scale scores in the sample and across the sexes were consistent with foreign studies. Following collection of normative data, the Hungarian version of SWAN might be suitable for assessing mental health of @entity1 and adolescents, and for screening problem cases. Due to the wider range and the normal distribution of scores, SWAN provides a more suitable phenotype for genetic studies, than symptom scales.

title: [Screening childhood behavior problems using short questionnaires II.: The Hungarian version of the SWAN-scale (Strength and Weakness of @entity71 and Normal-behavior) for screening attention XXXX ].

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in the elderly are common. The pathophysiology of increased susceptibility is multifactorial. Age-related changes include a decline in cell-mediated immunity, @entity1494 , structural urinary tract abnormalities (e.g., @entity1067 ), @entity262 (e.g., @entity6 ) and increased incidence of urethral catheter placement. Catheter-associated @entity793 is the most common hospital-acquired @entity281 . Many elderly @entity1 , including those with catheter-associated @entity793 , are asymptomatic. @entity526 remains the most common uropathogen. However, @entity325 is more common among the elderly. The use of antimicrobial agents needs to be guided by current surveillance studies of targeted uropathogenic bacteria before being implemented. However, @entity293 in the elderly may lead to severe @entity8 . Therefore surgical intervention may be needed in these infections.

title: [Urinary tract XXXX in elderly @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal infections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in the elderly are common. The pathophysiology of increased susceptibility is multifactorial. Age-related changes include a decline in cell-mediated immunity, @entity1494 , structural urinary tract abnormalities (e.g., @entity1067 ), @entity262 (e.g., @entity6 ) and increased incidence of urethral catheter placement. Catheter-associated @entity793 is the most common hospital-acquired @entity281 . Many elderly @entity1 , including those with catheter-associated @entity793 , are asymptomatic. @entity526 remains the most common uropathogen. However, @entity325 is more common among the elderly. The use of antimicrobial agents needs to be guided by current surveillance studies of targeted uropathogenic bacteria before being implemented. However, @entity293 in the elderly may lead to severe @entity8 . Therefore surgical intervention may be needed in these infections.

title: [Urinary tract @entity281 in elderly XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The relationship between @entity167 use and @entity130 was examined in an anonymous telephone survey of 1740 randomly sampled employed adults (49% @entity1 ) residing in four New England states in 1982 and 1983. Respondents reported 383 accidents requiring medical attention during the year prior to the interview, 34 involving hospitalization. Of the accidents, 41% occurred at work, 32% during recreational and other activities, 19% at home and 8% in traffic incidents. Respondents were stratified by self-reported levels of @entity167 consumption and were compared on accident rates. Drinking at work was also examined for an association with accident involvement. Logistic regression analyses controlled for variability associated with age, sex, marital status, occupation and drug use. Drinking at work was not significantly or independently associated with job accidents but an average daily intake of 5+ drinks elevated the relative risk, compared with abstainers, as follows: 1.7 for any @entity130 , 3.8 for injuries requiring hospitalization and 2.0 for job-based @entity130 . The relative risks associated with the use of other psychoactive drugs were 1.7 for work accidents and 2.4 for accident-associated hospitalizations. Of the respondents, 13% reported having ever had a drug or @entity167 problem and 2% reported a current problem. Fourteen percent reported that there were counselors at their jobs to help with such problems. Of those who had ever experienced a problem, 11% had sought help from outside programs and only 4% had sought help at work.

title: Employee drinking patterns and XXXX : a study of four New England states.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury', 'accidental injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['accidental injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the impact of circadian patterns in the onset of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) on the practice of primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: A circadian variation in the time of onset of @entity583 with a peak in the morning hours has been described. METHODS: We studied 1,702 consecutive @entity1 with acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 treated with primary angioplasty. We observed circadian variation in frequency of symptom onset, hospital admission, and @entity661 . Circadian patterns of symptom onset, hospital admission, and balloon inflation are similar. RESULTS: A majority of @entity1 have symptom onset (53%), hospital admission (53%), and @entity661 (52%) during routine duty hours (0800 to 1800 h). There were no differences in baseline clinical characteristics or treatment delays between routine duty hours and off-hours @entity1 . Hospital admission between 0800 and 1800 was associated with an angioplasty failure rate of 3.8%, compared with 6.9% between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. Thirty-day mortality was 1.9% in @entity1 with hospital admission between 0800 and 1800, compared with 4.2% in @entity1 with hospital admission between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Circadian variations may have a profound effect on the practice of primary angioplasty. A majority of @entity1 are treated during routine duty hours. @entity1 treated during off-hours have a higher incidence of failed angioplasty and consequently a worse clinical outcome than @entity1 treated during routine duty hours.

title: Outcome of primary angioplasty for XXXX during routine duty hours versus during off-hours.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['first balloon inflation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) affords a considerable improvement in image contrast over other methods by virtue of the intrinsic NMR parameters spin density, T1, and T2. However, the clinical utility of routine quantification of these parameters is currently unknown. Calculated T2 images might afford additional disease specific information provided the calculation algorithm generates accurate T2 values. In this study, calculated T2 images of a @entity13718 phantom (spanning a T2 range of interest of 45.7 ms to 346.6 ms at 6 MHz) were generated utilizing a variety of calculation algorithms based upon a data set of 32 sequential @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) images. In general, when utilizing only the earliest sequential @entity9468 after the 90 degree pulse for the T2 calculation, the greater the number of @entity9468 used in the calculation algorithm, regardless of how they were averaged, the more accurate and less noisy was the calculated image. When only limited numbers of @entity9468 were used in the calculation algorithm, accuracy and noise varied with the choice of TE suggesting that there may be optimal timings for TE for a particular T2 range of interest. Forty-two calculated T2 head images of normal subjects, based upon data sets of 16 sequential @entity9468 , were evaluated for the T2 values of normal brain. These were compared to T2 images calculated via 7 different algorithms based upon 16 @entity9468 data sets from two @entity1 with CNS pathology. An optimal algorithm was identified in which 16 @entity9468 Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) were averaged into two images for the T2 calculation. With this algorithm, calculated images could be generated efficiently which were accurate and relatively noise free. The availability of such images maximized whatever disease specificity, and thus clinical utility, T2 information affords.

title: Improvements in the clinical utility of calculated T2 images of the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In a retrospective analysis of 40 hospitalized @entity1 with the @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ), we related the use and outcome of assisted ventilation to specific quantitative details of the @entity16 . Two @entity1 had an unusually prolonged course: they were ventilated for 374 and 396 days before successful weaning. The other 38 @entity1 were similar in most respects to those in previously reported series. Sixteen ventilated @entity1 were hospitalized 56.6 +/- 10.6 (mean +/- S.E.M.) days, were ventilated 27.9 +/- 6.5 days, and had primarily @entity358 . There were 4 deaths during ventilation, and 9 of 13 survivors (69%) had a short-term excellent functional neurologic outcome. Attention to the neurologic details of the course of @entity221 may spare some @entity1 from tracheostomy. Twenty-two @entity1 not requiring respirator support suffered distinctly less severe @entity4094 with @entity129 , had no occurrence of @entity55 , and were discharged after 19.1 +/- 4.6 days. Eighty-one percent had an excellent functional outcome. The wide range of manifestations and severity of @entity1 with @entity5011 requires the attending physician to be flexible in dealing with each case and not make management decisions arbitrarily, by reference to a hypothetical "typical case."

title: The @entity5011 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular impairment']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['minimal cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic illness']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['pulmonary-neurologic correlations']


abstract: In a retrospective analysis of 40 hospitalized @entity1 with the @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ), we related the use and outcome of assisted ventilation to specific quantitative details of the @entity16 . Two @entity1 had an unusually prolonged course: they were ventilated for 374 and 396 days before successful weaning. The other 38 @entity1 were similar in most respects to those in previously reported series. Sixteen ventilated @entity1 were hospitalized 56.6 +/- 10.6 (mean +/- S.E.M.) days, were ventilated 27.9 +/- 6.5 days, and had primarily @entity358 . There were 4 deaths during ventilation, and 9 of 13 survivors (69%) had a short-term excellent functional neurologic outcome. Attention to the neurologic details of the course of @entity221 may spare some @entity1 from tracheostomy. Twenty-two @entity1 not requiring respirator support suffered distinctly less severe @entity4094 with @entity129 , had no occurrence of @entity55 , and were discharged after 19.1 +/- 4.6 days. Eighty-one percent had an excellent functional outcome. The wide range of manifestations and severity of @entity1 with @entity5011 requires the attending physician to be flexible in dealing with each case and not make management decisions arbitrarily, by reference to a hypothetical "typical case."

title: The XXXX : @entity16 .

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The aim was to give on overview of the profile of @entity65 , vascular pathology and the relationships between lifestyle and @entity65 in Japanese. Compared with the United States and Europe, the higher mortality from @entity64 and lower mortality from @entity301 constitute a unique cardiovascular profile for Japan. A selective review of population-based pathology, trend and prospective cohort studies was performed to clarify the characteristics of @entity65 and vascular pathology, trends in the incidence and mortality of @entity65 , and the relationships between lifestyle and @entity65 among Japanese adults. Since the 1970s, mortality from @entity301 as well as @entity64 has declined substantially in Japan, probably due to a major decline in blood pressure levels and for @entity1 a more recent decline in smoking, in spite of an increase in body mass index and total @entity165 levels. However, the decline in mortality was smaller and plateaued in middle-aged @entity1 aged 30-49 in the metropolitan cities of Tokyo and Osaka. The incidence of @entity301 has increased among middle-aged @entity1 residing in the suburbs of Osaka. As for the associations between lifestyle and @entity65 , higher @entity1372 , lower @entity460 and lower animal protein content in the diet and for @entity1 higher @entity167 consumption may account for the higher prevalence of @entity101 and higher risk of @entity64 for Japanese than for western populations. On the other hand, lower saturated fat (meat) and higher n3 polyunsaturated fat (fish) in the Japanese diet may contribute to the lower prevalence of @entity1007 and lower risk of @entity301 among Japanese. Japan is unique among developed countries in that @entity301 mortality has been low and has continued to decline, while @entity64 mortality has declined substantially. However, a recent trend for @entity301 incidence to increase among urban @entity1 is a cause for concern as a potential source of future problems for public health and clinical practice in Japan.

title: Lifestyle and XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']