abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is a common problem in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). It is unclear which pharmacologic treatment is the most effective and the least harmful. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic treatments for @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity15 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity15 Group's Trials Register (June 2010), reference lists of relevant articles and conference proceedings. Regulatory agencies were used as additional sources of information on adverse effects. SELECTION CRITERIA: Adequately and quasi-randomized controlled blinded or unblinded trials in @entity1 and adults with @entity15 . EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION: pharmacologic treatments for @entity308 without restrictions regarding dose, route of administration, frequency, or duration. Control intervention: placebo treatment or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two teams of reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected adverse effects from the trials.Information about study population, type of intervention, outcome measures, and study design were extracted from the selected studies. Trial quality was evaluated with the criteria: randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, handling of incomplete outcome data, freedom from selective reporting and freedom from other bias.The impact of missing data on the study results was explored with sensitivity analyses comparing the results from the analyses of study completers with those from best- and worst-case scenarios. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials (70 @entity1 ) were included. One trial (28 @entity1 ) compared treatment with @entity5829 for five weeks to placebo. The other trial (42 @entity1 ) compared treatment with @entity903 for twelve weeks to placebo. Both trials had a significant number of @entity1 lost to follow-up or with missing outcome measurements.There was a trend towards efficacy of both treatments compared to placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant except for one outcome. Confidence intervals were wide in all analyses and our sensitivity analysis showed that the missing data may have had an important effect in both trials, with large differences between best-case and worst-case scenarios for all assessed outcomes.Both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity1 treated with @entity903 suffering from @entity390 or @entity10 . Given the difference in trial duration and type of drug, we decided not to perform a meta-analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5829 and @entity903 show a trend towards efficacy in @entity308 in @entity15 the short term, but both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity1 treated with @entity903 suffering from @entity390 or @entity10 . Further clinical research on the treatment of @entity308 in @entity15 is clearly needed. Future trials should address the efficacy and tolerability in the long term and compare antidepressant treatments head-to-head.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is a common problem in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). It is unclear which pharmacologic treatment is the most effective and the least harmful. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic treatments for @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity15 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity15 Group's Trials Register (June 2010), reference lists of relevant articles and conference proceedings. Regulatory agencies were used as additional sources of information on adverse effects. SELECTION CRITERIA: Adequately and quasi-randomized controlled blinded or unblinded trials in @entity1 and adults with @entity15 . EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION: pharmacologic treatments for @entity308 without restrictions regarding dose, route of administration, frequency, or duration. Control intervention: placebo treatment or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two teams of reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected adverse effects from the trials.Information about study population, type of intervention, outcome measures, and study design were extracted from the selected studies. Trial quality was evaluated with the criteria: randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, handling of incomplete outcome data, freedom from selective reporting and freedom from other bias.The impact of missing data on the study results was explored with sensitivity analyses comparing the results from the analyses of study completers with those from best- and worst-case scenarios. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials (70 @entity1 ) were included. One trial (28 @entity1 ) compared treatment with @entity5829 for five weeks to placebo. The other trial (42 @entity1 ) compared treatment with @entity903 for twelve weeks to placebo. Both trials had a significant number of @entity1 lost to follow-up or with missing outcome measurements.There was a trend towards efficacy of both treatments compared to placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant except for one outcome. Confidence intervals were wide in all analyses and our sensitivity analysis showed that the missing data may have had an important effect in both trials, with large differences between best-case and worst-case scenarios for all assessed outcomes.Both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity1 treated with @entity903 suffering from @entity390 or @entity10 . Given the difference in trial duration and type of drug, we decided not to perform a meta-analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5829 and @entity903 show a trend towards efficacy in @entity308 in @entity15 the short term, but both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity1 treated with @entity903 suffering from @entity390 or @entity10 . Further clinical research on the treatment of @entity308 in @entity15 is clearly needed. Future trials should address the efficacy and tolerability in the long term and compare antidepressant treatments head-to-head.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of @entity308 in XXXX .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Five healthy volunteers were dermally exposed for 1 h to 0.75-2.25 mumol @entity20587 ( @entity1865 ) dissolved in @entity5723 , by use of a patch-test technique. Determination of @entity1865 remaining in the patch units after exposure showed that a median of 28% (range 25-29%) was absorbed. By analysis of hydrolysed plasma, an initial accumulation of @entity1865 could be shown, and then a decline. @entity1865 was also detected in hydrolysed urine. The maximum rate of @entity1865 excretion in urine was found 6-11 h after the onset of exposure. Within two subjects studied at three doses, the urinary excretion was proportional to the exposure. The elimination half-lives (elim-t1/2) in plasma and urine had medians of 13 and 7 h, respectively. In eight out of nine exposures, the elim-t1/2 was longer in plasma than in urine. Slow acetylation seemed to be associated with short elim-t1/2 in urine. The median of total @entity1865 amount excreted in urine during 48 h, was 33 nmol for the five subjects exposed to 0.75 mumol, which corresponded to roughly 16% (range 2%-26%) of the absorbed dose while only a limited number of individuals were studied, the data still indicated that @entity1865 in hydrolysed plasma or urine can be used for biological monitoring of occupational dermal exposure. However, the individual variation must be taken into account. Sampling should preferably be made several hours post shift. Urine is preferred before plasma at low exposures, because of its higher concentrations of @entity1865 .

title: Biomonitoring of XXXX by measurement in hydrolysed urine and plasma after epicutaneous exposure in humans.

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

entities_list: @entity20587 :: ('MESH:C009505', 'Chemical') :: ["4,4'-methylene dianiline"]

answer: @entity20587 :: (MESH:C009505,Chemical) :: ['4,4'-methylene dianiline']


abstract: AIM: To add to the evidence base for safe and effective paediatric conscious sedation techniques in primary dental care. OBJECTIVE: To consider the safety and effectiveness of an alternative sedation technique for facilitating dental treatment in anxious @entity1 , thereby avoiding dental general anaesthetic. SETTING: Leagrave Dental Sedation Clinic. A primary care-based general and referral clinic for anxious @entity1 , special care dentistry and oral surgery. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective service evaluation of 114 selected anxious @entity1 requiring invasive dental treatment. Each @entity1 was administered 0.25 mg/kg intranasal @entity1363 using a concentrated 40 mg/ml @entity1363 (INM) in 2% @entity3303 solution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Successful completion of intended dental treatment with a @entity1 who is co-operative and who meets the UK accepted definition of conscious sedation. RESULTS: 57% of the @entity1 found the administration of the new formulation acceptable. Of the 114 @entity1 who received INM, 104 completed the treatment (91%). The 10 @entity1 who could not complete the treatment with INM were converted to intravenous sedation and treatment was completed successfully at the same appointment. During treatment there was no desaturation and only one @entity1 desaturated briefly in the recovery area. Parents rated the technique acceptable in 76% of cases and would have the procedure repeated in 83% of cases. Parents rated this technique as having 8.3 out of 10 with only 5 parents awarding a score of less than 7 out of 10. Side effects included @entity227 , sneezing, @entity10 , @entity2146 with one @entity1 having post-operative @entity390 and @entity391 . CONCLUSION: In selected cases intranasal sedation provides a safe and effective alternative for dental GA in short invasive procedures limited to one or two quadrants in @entity1 . Other techniques, e.g., oral and intravenous sedation, appear to have a much higher acceptability of administration. This technique may be useful if inhalation sedation, oral sedation or intravenous sedation is considered and the @entity1 is still unco-operative, either as a technique on its own or to facilitate cannulation for intravenous sedation. It is recommended that this technique should only be used by dentists skilled in intravenous paediatric sedation with @entity1363 with the appropriate staff training and equipment at their disposal.

title: The safety and efficacy of using a concentrated intranasal XXXX formulation for paediatric dental sedation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['restlessness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: 1. On storage of @entity35 liver mitochondria at 0 degrees , water content, total @entity535 content and leakage of protein all rose steadily over a 72hr. period. The initial ratio of intramitochondrial to extramitochondrial @entity535 concentration lay between 18 and 24. Initially this rose, but it then fell to 1.9 at the end of storage. The concentration gradient between internal and external @entity1522 was relatively constant throughout the period. These processes were accentuated at 22 degrees and 40 degrees , the concentration gradient reaching 70mumoles/ml., water content rising to 8.3mg./mg. dry wt. and protein leakage reaching 42% of total mitochondrial protein. ;Swelling agents' produced no correlated changes in @entity535 production and swelling. 2. Added @entity2227 was not concentrated within the pellet of whole or disrupted mitochondria. Endogenous @entity1522 were distributed evenly between the pellet and the supernatant of disrupted mitochondria. It is concluded that @entity1522 are produced within mitochondria and that adsorption and uptake from the medium do not contribute significantly to @entity1522 in the pellet. 3. @entity621 , a lysosome protectant, increased @entity535 production by @entity35 liver mitochondria. Treatment with Triton X-100 and disruption by freezing and thawing showed that 56% of proteolytic activity was ;free' in whole mitochondria, whereas only 11% of acid phosphatase activity, a lysosomal enzyme, was ;free'. 4. ;Light' mitochondria contained 30% more neutral proteolytic activity but 300% more acid phosphatase activity than ;heavy' mitochondria. 5. Electron micrographs of mitochondrial preparations showed less than one particle in 500 that could be identified as a lysosome. Treatment with @entity6000 disrupted the structure of roughly 50% of the mitochondria; the rest appeared to retain their membrane, cristae and ground substance. Freezing and thawing caused gross swelling and loss of ground substance and rupture of external membranes. 6. Of the recovered proteolytic activity, 81% at pH7.4 and 70% at pH5.8 were found in the high-speed supernatant of broken mitochondria. A further fivefold increase in specific activity was found in the first protein fraction obtained by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. 7. Between 60 and 80% of proteolytic activity was found in the 40-60%-saturated @entity4859 precipitate. Almost all of the soluble-fraction proteolytic activity could be recovered in a pH5.0 supernatant. 8. The results give no support to the view that mitochondrial neutral proteolytic activity reflects lysosomal content. 9. The possible role of intramitochondrial @entity535 production and the proteolysis of internal barriers in passive swelling of mitochondria is discussed.

title: The localization of proteolytic activity in XXXX liver mitochondria and its relation to mitochondrial swelling and aging.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity621 :: ('MESH:C031463', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Glycerophosphate']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Activated hepatic lipocytes are central to the pathogenesis of liver @entity82 as the principal source of both interstitial collagens and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. In progressive @entity82 there is a failure to degrade interstitial collagens with a reported decrease in collagenase activity. In these studies we investigate expression of the potent collagenase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and interstitial collagenase in end-stage @entity3619 and activated @entity1 hepatic lipocytes in culture. 2. Messenger RNA transcripts for interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in explanted @entity1 liver were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay and densitometric analysis. This indicated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity3619 were also coordinately up-regulated. 3. Using Northern analysis of RNA from @entity1 lipocytes in primary culture on plastic, mRNA for interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated cells but was present after stimulation with @entity5 factor alpha. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was present in unstimulated lipocytes and up-regulated fivefold in response to @entity5 factor alpha. Using activity assay of serum-free conditioned media, interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated primary cultures, primary cultures stimulated with @entity5 factor alpha or @entity2533 (n = 3 and n = 4 respectively) or in passaged lipocytes (n = 6). In contrast, free tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was present in unstimulated and passaged cultures and this was increased in response to @entity5 factor alpha and transforming growth factor @entity8652 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in XXXX and activated @entity1 hepatic lipocytes.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta-1']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: 1. Activated hepatic lipocytes are central to the pathogenesis of liver @entity82 as the principal source of both interstitial collagens and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. In progressive @entity82 there is a failure to degrade interstitial collagens with a reported decrease in collagenase activity. In these studies we investigate expression of the potent collagenase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and interstitial collagenase in end-stage @entity3619 and activated @entity1 hepatic lipocytes in culture. 2. Messenger RNA transcripts for interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in explanted @entity1 liver were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay and densitometric analysis. This indicated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity3619 were also coordinately up-regulated. 3. Using Northern analysis of RNA from @entity1 lipocytes in primary culture on plastic, mRNA for interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated cells but was present after stimulation with @entity5 factor alpha. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was present in unstimulated lipocytes and up-regulated fivefold in response to @entity5 factor alpha. Using activity assay of serum-free conditioned media, interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated primary cultures, primary cultures stimulated with @entity5 factor alpha or @entity2533 (n = 3 and n = 4 respectively) or in passaged lipocytes (n = 6). In contrast, free tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was present in unstimulated and passaged cultures and this was increased in response to @entity5 factor alpha and transforming growth factor @entity8652 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity3619 and activated XXXX hepatic lipocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical enucleation is the treatment of choice in selected @entity1 with @entity2910 . The video-thoracoscopic approach can potentially cause less @entity1 discomfort postoperatively and reduce the hospital stay and recovery period. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective evaluation of 66 @entity1 who underwent surgical therapy for @entity2910 over a 27-year period was done. The main symptoms were @entity1282 in 35 (53 percent) @entity1 , @entity338 , or both, in 11 (17 percent) @entity1 , and @entity158 in ten (15 percent) @entity1 . Associated @entity1208 were found in 19 @entity1 (some @entity1 had @entity74 ): @entity357 in 15 (23 percent), @entity7261 in four (6 percent), and @entity1318 in three (5 percent). The operation consisted of @entity2909 enucleation in 63 @entity1 , and esophageal resection in three. In six @entity1 , the enucleation was successfully performed by video-thoracoscopy combined with intraoperative esophagoscopy. The muscle layer of the esophagus was approximated in the majority of the @entity1 after @entity5 enucleation. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. The incidence of intraoperative esophageal perforation was greater in @entity1 who had previously undergone endoscopic biopsy (p < 0.01). In one @entity1 , a pseudodiverticulum developed after thoracoscopic enucleation, requiring reoperation with approximation of the muscle layer for relief of @entity1282 . The length of hospital stay was shorter in @entity1 undergoing the video-assisted operation (p < 0.05). The median follow-up period was 53 months (range, 12 to 248 months). No recurrence of @entity2909 was observed. Overall, seven (11 percent) @entity1 complained of heartburn or @entity158 , or both, which was responsive to antisecretory drugs, but only three had such symptoms induced by the operation. In two @entity1 the symptoms appeared after combined treatment of an @entity7261 , and in one @entity1 after simple @entity2909 enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: Enucleation of @entity2910 is a safe and effective operation. The video-thoracoscopic approach combined with intraoperative esophagoscopy allows performance of this procedure with the added advantage of shortening hospital stay. The muscle layer of the esophagus should be approximated to avoid decreasing the propulsive activity of the esophageal body. This may improve the long-term outcome of the operation by preserving the acid-clearing mechanism of the esophagus and reducing the incidence of @entity86 .

title: Surgical therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn or regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['more than one disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain', 'epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['esophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: The pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and pulmonary resistance at rest have been noted to vary spontaneously in @entity1 with @entity120 . To evaluate this variation, in 12 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 , aged 43 +/- 13 years), hourly measurements were made for 6 consecutive hours of heart rate, systemic and PA pressures, cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary resistance. After these baseline measurements the @entity1 were tested with @entity2514 and @entity594 therapy. Spontaneous variability in pulmonary pressures and resistances occurred in each @entity1 , with the amount of variation (coefficient of variation) in PA pressure averaging 8% and in total pulmonary resistance 13% over the 6 hours. The @entity1 with the most variability in mean PA pressure also had the most variability in cardiac output (r = 0.69, p = 0.02). Variability also correlated with the severity of the disease, as the @entity1 with the highest total pulmonary resistances also had the most variation for that factor (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01). The amount of variability did not correlate, however, with the acute response to either @entity2514 or @entity594 administration. Based on the average coefficients of variation in these 12 @entity1 , estimates were obtained of the percent change needed for an observed change to be attributed to a drug effect with 95% confidence. From these estimates, it was projected that for a single @entity1 , a mean change in pulmonary resistance of 36% or a mean change in PA pressure of 22% would be required in order to attribute the changes to a drug effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Magnitude and implications of spontaneous hemodynamic variability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: The influence of dilution on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing subpopulations was studied in @entity1 plasma. Agarose electrophoresis and two-dimensional agarose nondenaturing gradient @entity2975 gel electrophoresis were used. Both in one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, an increase of charge was observed that resulted in an increase of subpopulations with pre-alpha mobility. Dilution of plasma also resulted in a decrease in the size of apo A-I-containing pre- @entity8652 subpopulations. The existence of smaller pre- @entity8652 particles was confirmed by subjecting undiluted and 8x diluted plasma to 3% to 16% nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for 4 hours. In addition to the generally observed pre- @entity8652 subpopulations, smaller particles similar in size to the free apo A-I were detected even in the undiluted plasma. During dilution, the proportion of larger pre- @entity8652 particles decreased while the smaller ones increased, and in 8x diluted plasma, almost all the pre- @entity8652 was present in smaller sizes. Using 3% to 35% nondenaturing @entity2975 gels run for 24 hours, no pre- @entity8652 particles could be detected in 8x diluted plasma because the small pre- @entity8652 electrophoresed out. These studies show that pre- @entity8652 particles can be converted to smaller ones during dilution. It also was demonstrated that "free apo A-I-like" pre- @entity8652 particles are present in undiluted plasma. The presence of these particles may have important physiological and pathophysiological functions.

title: Presence and formation of 'free apolipoprotein A-I-like' particles in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thirty-two feet in 23 @entity1 treated for @entity19312 by @entity353 have been evaluated. The age at operation ranged from 9 months to 8 years (mean 3.2 years). The follow-up ranged from 2.8 to 19.1 years (mean 9.2 years). In eight feet Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis was performed as part of a one-stage procedure. Eight of all operated feet required a second surgery 2.2 years after the first operation. In all the reoperated feet the Green-Grice arthrodesis was performed as well. Clinical examination found excellent results in five feet, good results in 12, fair results in nine, and poor results in six feet. The severe type of @entity853 , and less extensive surgical procedures contributed to worse clinical results. Poor clinical results were associated with persistent equinus of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, restriction of supination and eversion, and weakness of push-off power. X-ray examination showed excellent results in three feet, good in nine, fair in 13, and poor in seven feet. Poor radiological results were observed in @entity1 operated on after the fourth year of age. In most of the feet the navicular remained dislocated dorsally, dorsally and medially, and dorsally and laterally toward the head of the talus. A divergence between a relatively good appearance of the operated foot and a worse radiographic image has been observed. The Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis combined with the @entity353 method led to overcorrection in seven feet.

title: @entity19312 : a retrospective and critical review of 32 feet operated on by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity19312 :: ('MESH:C536345', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vertical talus']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['deformity, other abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['peritalar reduction']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['peritalar reduction']


abstract: Thirty-two feet in 23 @entity1 treated for @entity19312 by @entity353 have been evaluated. The age at operation ranged from 9 months to 8 years (mean 3.2 years). The follow-up ranged from 2.8 to 19.1 years (mean 9.2 years). In eight feet Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis was performed as part of a one-stage procedure. Eight of all operated feet required a second surgery 2.2 years after the first operation. In all the reoperated feet the Green-Grice arthrodesis was performed as well. Clinical examination found excellent results in five feet, good results in 12, fair results in nine, and poor results in six feet. The severe type of @entity853 , and less extensive surgical procedures contributed to worse clinical results. Poor clinical results were associated with persistent equinus of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, restriction of supination and eversion, and weakness of push-off power. X-ray examination showed excellent results in three feet, good in nine, fair in 13, and poor in seven feet. Poor radiological results were observed in @entity1 operated on after the fourth year of age. In most of the feet the navicular remained dislocated dorsally, dorsally and medially, and dorsally and laterally toward the head of the talus. A divergence between a relatively good appearance of the operated foot and a worse radiographic image has been observed. The Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis combined with the @entity353 method led to overcorrection in seven feet.

title: XXXX : a retrospective and critical review of 32 feet operated on by @entity353 .

answer: @entity19312 :: (MESH:C536345,Disease) :: ['Congenital vertical talus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. A prospective assessment of acute @entity294 in three community-based long-stay homes is described. METHODS: A cohort study of @entity697 was performed in three community-based nursing homes, involving 572 residents over an 8-month period. @entity294 cases were enrolled on the basis of the acute onset of loose stools of > or = 24 hours, as well as one of the following: a rectal temperature of > or = 100 degrees F, dehydration, positive occult blood, > or = 48 hours duration, or as a part of any outbreak. Stool cultures for @entity2718 were performed on all NH 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1902 cases were ascertained, consistent with incidence rates of 14.6, 36.4, and 6.7 cases/100 @entity1 years in NH 1, @entity2733 , and @entity3655 , respectively. Requiring a Foley catheter (OR = 2.57; 95% CI, 0.93, 7.09) increased @entity294 risk. Six @entity2718 enteritis cases and an episode attributable to Aeromonas/Pleisomonas species were diagnosed. One @entity2718 @entity294 case was imported from hospital to NH 1. Ten of 12 fecal excretors resided in close geographic clusters in NH 1, where a majority of the latter were mobile and incontinent of stool. CONCLUSIONS: @entity697 was a common disease in the study nursing homes, for which specific risk factors were identified. A predominant role for @entity2718 in the taxonomy of nursing home @entity294 was suggested.

title: XXXX in three community-based nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'Acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: This paper reviews the subject of @entity2916 complex and presents data in eight cases of this condition, admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 8.5 years. The average age at presentation was 53 months. @entity410 were the most common presenting feature. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Family history was present in four @entity1 . All of the @entity1 had one or more @entity272 . Six of them had retinal in six @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity8 . A high index of @entity4607 . @entity5 were found in two @entity1 . @entity1050 were detected in six @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity8 . A high index of suspicion and a detailed physical examination is required to diagnose this @entity395 .

title: XXXX complex: a review with a study of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac tumours']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple subependymal hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['Tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines recommended oral anticoagulant (OAC) for @entity385 @entity1 related to @entity955 ( @entity955 ). But, underprescription or underdose of @entity1229 was observed worldwide. We aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular @entity955 (NVAF) @entity385 @entity1 improved after novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) became available.Between January 2011 to December 2013, 360 acute @entity385 @entity1 related to NVAF were recruited. @entity1 were categorized into 2 groups based on the date (July 2012) of NOACs' availability. There were 184 @entity1 recruited before July 2012, and whereas 176 @entity1 after July 2012. Demographic data, interested factors, and the percentage of @entity1 on OAC were compared.One month after discharge, percentage of OAC utilization was significantly higher (29% versus 41%; P=0.022) as well as effective anticoagulation (22.2% versus 80.6%; P<0.001); @entity1229 utilization was significantly less (28.3% versus 11%; P<0.001) after NOACs became available. Antiplatelet agent utilization was high in 2 groups (57% versus 52%; P=0.36). Age (odd ratios [OR] 0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.912-0.984; P=0.005), Barthel index (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.000-1.025; P=0.05), and NOACs' availability (OR 1.857; 95% CI 1.086-3.175; P=0.024) were the significant factors affecting the use of OAC.A higher percentage of NVAF @entity385 @entity1 returning for their 1-month follow-up were treated with NOACs than with @entity1229 . The use of antithrombotic therapy improved after NOACs became available. But, the majority of the @entity1 were still received antiplatelet agent for @entity64 prevention.

title: Do NOACs Improve Antithrombotic Therapy in Secondary XXXX Prevention in Nonvalvular @entity955 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['emboli stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines recommended oral anticoagulant (OAC) for @entity385 @entity1 related to @entity955 ( @entity955 ). But, underprescription or underdose of @entity1229 was observed worldwide. We aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular @entity955 (NVAF) @entity385 @entity1 improved after novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) became available.Between January 2011 to December 2013, 360 acute @entity385 @entity1 related to NVAF were recruited. @entity1 were categorized into 2 groups based on the date (July 2012) of NOACs' availability. There were 184 @entity1 recruited before July 2012, and whereas 176 @entity1 after July 2012. Demographic data, interested factors, and the percentage of @entity1 on OAC were compared.One month after discharge, percentage of OAC utilization was significantly higher (29% versus 41%; P=0.022) as well as effective anticoagulation (22.2% versus 80.6%; P<0.001); @entity1229 utilization was significantly less (28.3% versus 11%; P<0.001) after NOACs became available. Antiplatelet agent utilization was high in 2 groups (57% versus 52%; P=0.36). Age (odd ratios [OR] 0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.912-0.984; P=0.005), Barthel index (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.000-1.025; P=0.05), and NOACs' availability (OR 1.857; 95% CI 1.086-3.175; P=0.024) were the significant factors affecting the use of OAC.A higher percentage of NVAF @entity385 @entity1 returning for their 1-month follow-up were treated with NOACs than with @entity1229 . The use of antithrombotic therapy improved after NOACs became available. But, the majority of the @entity1 were still received antiplatelet agent for @entity64 prevention.

title: Do NOACs Improve Antithrombotic Therapy in Secondary @entity64 Prevention in Nonvalvular XXXX ?

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity35 brain following neonatal @entity2955 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity750 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity750 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity2340 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity669 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. The average @entity2340 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity750 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity750 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity2340 hydroxylase protein content per @entity750 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity2340 hydroxylase and @entity669 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration after @entity935 denervation with a @entity750 hyperinnervation. @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity750 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity2340 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity750 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity750 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of @entity2340 hydroxylase protein in adult @entity35 brain after neonatal XXXX lesion.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity35 brain following neonatal @entity2955 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity750 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity750 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity2340 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity669 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. The average @entity2340 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity750 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity750 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity2340 hydroxylase protein content per @entity750 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity2340 hydroxylase and @entity669 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration after @entity935 denervation with a @entity750 hyperinnervation. @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity750 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity2340 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity750 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity750 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of XXXX hydroxylase protein in adult @entity35 brain after neonatal @entity2955 lesion.

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity35 brain following neonatal @entity2955 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity750 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity750 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity2340 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity669 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity935 neurons. The average @entity2340 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity750 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity750 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity2340 hydroxylase protein content per @entity750 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity2340 hydroxylase and @entity669 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration after @entity935 denervation with a @entity750 hyperinnervation. @entity2340 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity750 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity2340 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity750 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity750 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of @entity2340 hydroxylase protein in adult XXXX brain after neonatal @entity2955 lesion.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the relationship between abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings such as localized EEG paroxysmal abnormality (PA) and the perception of stigma to determine EEG factors associated with perceived stigma in childhood @entity302 . METHODS: @entity1 comprised 40 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ; mean age, 14.6years) with @entity302 at enrollment. The criteria for inclusion were as follows: 1) age of 12-18years, inclusive; 2) >= 6months after @entity302 onset; 3) the ability to read and speak Japanese; and 4) the presence of EEG PA. Fifteen healthy @entity410 -free @entity1 were included as a control group. @entity1 were asked to rate how often they felt or acted in the ways described in the items of the @entity1 Stigma Scale using a 5-point scale. Electroencephalogram paroxysms were classified based on the presence of spikes, sharp waves, or spike-wave complexes, whether focal or generalized. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly higher stigma scores than healthy subjects (p<0.01). A higher score reflects a greater perception of stigma. The average total scores of @entity1 presenting with EEG PA at generalized, frontal, RD, midtemporal, and occipital regions were 2.3, 4.0, 2.4, 3.2, and 2.2, respectively. The scores of all questions were higher in the frontal group than those in other regions (p<0.01). @entity1 presenting with frontal EEG PA perceived a greater stigma than @entity1 presenting with nonfrontal EEG PA (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: A relationship was identified between frontal EEG PA and a greater perception of stigma. Further studies are needed to confirm whether frontal EEG PA may function as a mediator of emotional responses such as perceived stigma in childhood @entity302 .

title: Correlation between perceived stigma and EEG paroxysmal abnormality in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: From April 1969 through December 1980, 251 @entity1 with invasive, @entity957 of the cervix received radical radiation therapy consisting of a combination of external beam and intracavitary therapy designed to deliver 7000 to 8000 rad to Point A and 6000 to 6500 rad to the pelvic lymph nodes. The disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years for @entity1 with @entity5 was 90%, 76%, and 76%, respectively, whereas for @entity1 with Stage IIB disease it was 77%, 62%, and 59%, respectively. The survival for the entire group at 2, 5, and 10 years was 80%, 65%, and 62%, respectively. Sixty-eight @entity1 had a recurrence within the irradiated volume, for a locoregional recurrence rate of 27% (68/251). In 49 @entity1 complications developed for an overall complication rate of 19.5% (49/251). An analysis of the complications and their degree of severity revealed a correlation with the dose of intracavitary plus external beam therapy given to Point A and to the rectum. The mean dose to Point A for @entity1 with and without complications were 7877 rad (standard error [SE] +/- 95) and 7593 rad (SE +/- 67), respectively. The mean rectal dose for @entity1 with and without intestinal complications were 6767 rad (SE +/- 157) and 6426 rad (SE +/- 78), respectively. The dose difference between @entity1 with and without complications was statistically significant for Point A (P = to 0.0163) but not for the rectal dose (P = to 0.0887). There was no correlation between the bladder dose and urinary complications. Other treatment methods as well as @entity1 and @entity5 parameters, are being currently analyzed to identify which factors, singly or in combination, may contribute to the development of treatment failures or complications.

title: Analysis of results of radiation therapy for XXXX of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage IIA disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage II carcinoma']


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity172 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity5 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity172 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity5 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity19 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity19 . @entity5 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity19 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity172 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity5 formation. Minimal @entity5 growth was observed in intact female @entity19 which have low circulating @entity172 levels. @entity5 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity19 supplemented with @entity53 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity172 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity440 or @entity441 caused transient stimulation of @entity5 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity172 supplementation. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established MCF-7 @entity5 with @entity172 withdrawal (removal of @entity172 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity5 growth, but not in @entity5 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity5 regression did not occur, even in @entity19 treated with high doses of @entity440 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity5 growth was restored in these @entity19 with @entity172 replenishment. @entity5 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity19 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity172 or @entity8413 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity5 in @entity19 are @entity172 dependent. @entity73288 therapy by @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity5 cell proliferation in @entity19 , but does not cause @entity5 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity172 and antiestrogens on growth of XXXX @entity0 cells in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity8413 :: ('MESH:D020847', 'Chemical') :: ['antiestrogen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity73288 :: ('CHEBI:24621', 'Chemical') :: ['Endocrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity172 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity5 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity172 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity5 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity19 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity19 . @entity5 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity19 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity172 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity5 formation. Minimal @entity5 growth was observed in intact female @entity19 which have low circulating @entity172 levels. @entity5 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity19 supplemented with @entity53 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity172 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity440 or @entity441 caused transient stimulation of @entity5 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity172 supplementation. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established MCF-7 @entity5 with @entity172 withdrawal (removal of @entity172 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity5 growth, but not in @entity5 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity5 regression did not occur, even in @entity19 treated with high doses of @entity440 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity5 growth was restored in these @entity19 with @entity172 replenishment. @entity5 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity19 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity172 or @entity8413 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity5 in @entity19 are @entity172 dependent. @entity73288 therapy by @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity5 cell proliferation in @entity19 , but does not cause @entity5 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of XXXX and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 @entity0 cells in athymic @entity19 .

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity172 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity5 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity172 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity5 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity19 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity19 . @entity5 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity19 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity172 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity5 formation. Minimal @entity5 growth was observed in intact female @entity19 which have low circulating @entity172 levels. @entity5 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity19 supplemented with @entity53 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity172 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity440 or @entity441 caused transient stimulation of @entity5 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity172 supplementation. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established MCF-7 @entity5 with @entity172 withdrawal (removal of @entity172 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity5 growth, but not in @entity5 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity5 regression did not occur, even in @entity19 treated with high doses of @entity440 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity5 growth was restored in these @entity19 with @entity172 replenishment. @entity5 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity19 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity172 or @entity8413 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity5 in @entity19 are @entity172 dependent. @entity73288 therapy by @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity5 cell proliferation in @entity19 , but does not cause @entity5 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity172 and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 XXXX cells in athymic @entity19 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity172 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity5 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity172 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity5 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity19 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity19 . @entity5 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity19 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity172 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity5 formation. Minimal @entity5 growth was observed in intact female @entity19 which have low circulating @entity172 levels. @entity5 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity19 supplemented with @entity53 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity172 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity440 or @entity441 caused transient stimulation of @entity5 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity172 supplementation. Treatment of @entity19 bearing established MCF-7 @entity5 with @entity172 withdrawal (removal of @entity172 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity5 growth, but not in @entity5 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity5 regression did not occur, even in @entity19 treated with high doses of @entity440 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity5 growth was restored in these @entity19 with @entity172 replenishment. @entity5 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity19 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity172 or @entity8413 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity5 in @entity19 are @entity172 dependent. @entity73288 therapy by @entity172 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity5 cell proliferation in @entity19 , but does not cause @entity5 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity172 and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 @entity0 cells in athymic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) affects mobility and balance seriously. Few reports have investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on @entity6556 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We investigated the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS for the treatment of @entity6556 in @entity191 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity191 were recruited in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. We applied high frequency rTMS (90% of resting motor threshold, 10Hz, 1,000 pulses) over the lower leg primary motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere (M1-LL) for five sessions in a week. We also administered alternative sham stimulation with a two-week wash out period. The primary outcomes were measured before, immediately after, and one week after the intervention using the Standing Start 180   Turn Test (SS-180) with video analysis and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire ( @entity6556 -Q). The secondary outcome measurements consisted of Timed Up and Go (TUG) tasks and the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III). Motor cortical excitability was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the step required to complete the SS-180 and @entity6556 -Q in the rTMS condition compared to the sham condition, and the effects continued for a week. The TUG and UPDRS-III also showed significant ameliorations over time in the rTMS condition. The MEP amplitude at 120% resting motor threshold and intracortical facilitation also increased after real rTMS condition. CONCLUSIONS: High frequency rTMS over the M1-LL may serve as an add-on therapy for improving @entity6556 in @entity191 .

title: Efficacy of cumulative high-frequency rTMS on freezing of gait in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Several LPS-binding proteins have been identified on the surface of @entity1 granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)). We describe a plasma-membrane associated ca. 55-kDa @entity5752 of @entity1 PMN that is indistinguishable from the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein ( @entity19499 ). To detect LPS-binding proteins on the cell surface, PMN were biotinylated before detergent solubilization and incubation with LPS-coated beads. Several biotinylated proteins bound to LPS-coated beads but not to uncoated beads and were characterized after elution with detergent by @entity214 -PAGE and western blotting using streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of biotinylated proteins binding to and eluting from LPS-coated beads increased as the number of beads incubated with PMN lysate increased. However, at all concentrations of beads a 55-kDa protein was a dominant component of the eluate. Binding of the 55-kDa protein to LPS-coated beads was inhibited by @entity3275 , and both homologous and heterologous LPS, but not by peptidoglycan. Similar amounts of biotinylated 55-kDa @entity5752 were detected on PMN from @entity1 with @entity7965 who lacked membrane bound @entity5750 , a known ca. 55-kDa plasma membrane-associated @entity5752 , indicating that the recovered biotinylated protein is not @entity5750 . Several pieces of evidence, however, do indicate that the 55-kDa surface protein is @entity19499 : 1) flow cytometry of PMN after labeling with rabbit anti- @entity19499 serum and @entity2823 -labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG revealed immunoreactive surface molecules on resting PMN and, in increased amounts, on PMN stimulated with @entity5038 or TNF; 2) This antiserum specifically and quantitatively inhibited binding of the biotinylated 55-kDa species to LPS-coated beads; 3) both @entity19499 and the 55-kDa protein migrated as a doublet during @entity214 -PAGE and were both converted to single migrated species after N-glycosidase F treatment; 4) chemical cleavage of the biotinylated protein and native @entity19499 with @entity26181 yielded the same fragments. Thus, we have positively identified @entity19499 as a @entity5752 on the surface of PMN. The role of this potent antibacterial, endotoxin neutralizing protein on the surface of PMN remains to be established.

title: @entity1 granulocytes express a 55-kDa XXXX on the cell surface that is identical to the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

entities_list: @entity5752 :: ('3929', 'Gene') :: ['LPS-binding protein']

entities_list: @entity26181 :: ('MESH:C015752', 'Chemical') :: ['N-chlorosuccinimide']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

answer: @entity5752 :: (3929,Gene) :: ['lipopolysaccharide-binding protein']


abstract: Several LPS-binding proteins have been identified on the surface of @entity1 granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)). We describe a plasma-membrane associated ca. 55-kDa @entity5752 of @entity1 PMN that is indistinguishable from the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein ( @entity19499 ). To detect LPS-binding proteins on the cell surface, PMN were biotinylated before detergent solubilization and incubation with LPS-coated beads. Several biotinylated proteins bound to LPS-coated beads but not to uncoated beads and were characterized after elution with detergent by @entity214 -PAGE and western blotting using streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of biotinylated proteins binding to and eluting from LPS-coated beads increased as the number of beads incubated with PMN lysate increased. However, at all concentrations of beads a 55-kDa protein was a dominant component of the eluate. Binding of the 55-kDa protein to LPS-coated beads was inhibited by @entity3275 , and both homologous and heterologous LPS, but not by peptidoglycan. Similar amounts of biotinylated 55-kDa @entity5752 were detected on PMN from @entity1 with @entity7965 who lacked membrane bound @entity5750 , a known ca. 55-kDa plasma membrane-associated @entity5752 , indicating that the recovered biotinylated protein is not @entity5750 . Several pieces of evidence, however, do indicate that the 55-kDa surface protein is @entity19499 : 1) flow cytometry of PMN after labeling with rabbit anti- @entity19499 serum and @entity2823 -labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG revealed immunoreactive surface molecules on resting PMN and, in increased amounts, on PMN stimulated with @entity5038 or TNF; 2) This antiserum specifically and quantitatively inhibited binding of the biotinylated 55-kDa species to LPS-coated beads; 3) both @entity19499 and the 55-kDa protein migrated as a doublet during @entity214 -PAGE and were both converted to single migrated species after N-glycosidase F treatment; 4) chemical cleavage of the biotinylated protein and native @entity19499 with @entity26181 yielded the same fragments. Thus, we have positively identified @entity19499 as a @entity5752 on the surface of PMN. The role of this potent antibacterial, endotoxin neutralizing protein on the surface of PMN remains to be established.

title: XXXX granulocytes express a 55-kDa @entity5752 on the cell surface that is identical to the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The economic stratification observed for many years among the population in Poland, increasing poverty rates, especially those being effects of the current economic crisis in the country, and the rising prices of medicines, are potential risk factors for medication non-adherence among @entity1 in the poorest class of the Polish population. Materials an method. The subjects were 2 groups of inhabitants of rural areas of Lublin Province in eastern Poland. The first consisted of 209 @entity1 aged 52-80 years who were surveyed in 2010, the second - 210 @entity1 aged 51-88 years, surveyed in 2013. All @entity1 were outpatients who attended the Endocrine Clinic in Poniatowa. The studies were conducted with the use of the standardized survey questionnaire. RESULTS: The problem of medication non-adherence among the surveyed was evident and has risen from 43.1% in 2010 to 54.8% in 2013. Both in 2010 and in 2013, the main reasons for this state of affairs were the financial problems of the surveyed @entity1 . During the period 2010-2013, both expenditure on medicine as well as the ratio " @entity1 ' expenditure on medicine/expenditure on food" had increased. In 2010, 25 respondents per 209 (12%) expressed the opinion that they had always had sufficient means to buy necessary medications, in 2013 - only 3 per 210 (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In 2013, most of surveyed @entity1 (54.8%) did not follow prescribed treatment plans (in 2010-43.1%). In most cases, medication non-adherence were the result of financial problems. Current regulations governing refunding of the costs of medicines may make effective ambulatory treatment of @entity102 impossible.

title: Realities of ambulatory multi-drug treatment of XXXX in rural areas of Lublin Province, eastern Poland - comparison of situations in 2010 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging is a pictorial depiction of the patho-anatomy of a @entity75 . As different parts of the @entity5 in @entity421 concurrently undergo various biological processes i.e. osteoblastic new bone formation, cell death, @entity39 , bony destruction and revascularization etc., we hypothesized that the image seen in MRI could be used to assess the @entity5 behavior at that time. This study was done as a preliminary study with the aim to find whether the MRI pictures can have identifiable patterns and if present whether they can be linked to biological behavior. We could identify 2 distinct patterns in T2 weighted images which correlated well with serum alkaline phosphatase a serum marker and the duration of symptoms and so we are reporting our observations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: T2 weighted MRI pictures of 15 cases of @entity421 were studied for identifiable patterns in matrix. These patterns if found were to be linked to biological behavior in the form of serum alkaline phosphatase levels and duration of symptoms. RESULTS: We could identify 2 unique patterns named by us as Group 1 Heterogeneous type (4  cases) which had a raised serum alkaline phosphatase level and had a history at presentation of less than 3 months duration. In Group 2 homogenous type (5 cases) the serum alkaline phosphatase levels were low and the cases presented after 6 months. As we could not identify any logical pattern in rest of the cases we labeled them as miscellaneous. DISCUSSION: MRI patterns can be used as markers of disease activity as there are 2 clear poles correlating well with serum alkaline phosphatase levels (high or low). Intermediate patterns may be the natural biological behavior and waxing and waning of the @entity5 disease activity.

title: Correlation between MRI appearances and serum alkaline phosphatase levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesion']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteogenic sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical correction was the treatment of choice for @entity849 until three decades ago, when balloon valvuloplasty was implemented. The natural history of surgically relieved @entity849 has been considered benign but is actually unknown, as is the need for re-intervention. The objective of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality of @entity1 with surgically treated @entity849 operated at Aarhus University Hospital between 1957 and 2000. RESULTS: The total study population included 80 @entity1 . In-hospital mortality was 2/80 (2.5%), and an additional four @entity1 died after hospital discharge; therefore, the long-term mortality was 5%. The maximum follow-up period was 57 years, with a median of 33 years. In all, 16 @entity1 (20%) required at least one re-intervention. Pulmonary valve replacement due to @entity338 was the most common re-intervention (67%). Freedom from re-intervention decreased >20 years after the initial repair. In addition, 45% of @entity1 had moderate/severe @entity338 , 38% had some degree of @entity1001 , and 40% had some degree of @entity997 , which did not require re-intervention at the present stage. CONCLUSION: Surgical relief for @entity849 is efficient in relieving outflow obstruction; however, this efficiency is achieved at the cost of @entity338 , leading to @entity1001 and @entity997 . When required, pulmonary valve replacement is performed most frequently >20 years after the initial surgery. Lifelong follow-up of @entity1 treated surgically for @entity849 is emphasised in this group of @entity1 , who might otherwise consider themselves cured.

title: Surgically treated XXXX : over 50 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the prognostic power of intra-tumoural and gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics in @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity463 who had undergone preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at 3  T were included. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1893 gradient maps were computed. Regions of interest were analysed to determine the minimum @entity1893 within the enhancing @entity5 (minMD). @entity1893 gradients were calculated along the enhancing @entity5 boundary and subjected to histogram analysis. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were derived and survival analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 31 deaths and 37 @entity1 progressed during the study period. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for treatment and gender, showed that minMD values<6.1*10(-4)  mm(2)/s predicted shorter @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.82, 1.25-6.34; p=0.012) and @entity1054 (HR=5.43, 1.96-15.05; p=0.001). Higher @entity1893 gradient values of the @entity5 boundary predicted shorter survival: @entity1893 gradient values >4.7*10(-5)  mm(2)/s (10(th) centile) had a significantly shorter @entity1349 with a HR of 0.43 (0.19-0.96; p=0.04). Similarly, a value above 1.4*10(-4) mm(2)/s (75(th) centile) was a significant predictor for shorter @entity1349 (HR=0.39, 0.17-0.89; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lower minMD and higher @entity1893 gradient values for the 10(th) and 75(th) percentile of the @entity5 boundary demonstrated prognostic value in preoperative @entity463 . This suggests that MRI diffusion metrics indicative of higher focal cellularity and steeper transition from high cellular @entity5 edge to low cellular @entity4 define @entity146 subtypes with a poorer prognosis.

title: Magnetic resonance diffusion metrics indexing high focal cellularity and sharp transition at the @entity5 boundary predict poor outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Mean diffusivity', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the prognostic power of intra-tumoural and gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics in @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity463 who had undergone preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at 3  T were included. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1893 gradient maps were computed. Regions of interest were analysed to determine the minimum @entity1893 within the enhancing @entity5 (minMD). @entity1893 gradients were calculated along the enhancing @entity5 boundary and subjected to histogram analysis. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were derived and survival analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 31 deaths and 37 @entity1 progressed during the study period. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for treatment and gender, showed that minMD values<6.1*10(-4)  mm(2)/s predicted shorter @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.82, 1.25-6.34; p=0.012) and @entity1054 (HR=5.43, 1.96-15.05; p=0.001). Higher @entity1893 gradient values of the @entity5 boundary predicted shorter survival: @entity1893 gradient values >4.7*10(-5)  mm(2)/s (10(th) centile) had a significantly shorter @entity1349 with a HR of 0.43 (0.19-0.96; p=0.04). Similarly, a value above 1.4*10(-4) mm(2)/s (75(th) centile) was a significant predictor for shorter @entity1349 (HR=0.39, 0.17-0.89; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lower minMD and higher @entity1893 gradient values for the 10(th) and 75(th) percentile of the @entity5 boundary demonstrated prognostic value in preoperative @entity463 . This suggests that MRI diffusion metrics indicative of higher focal cellularity and steeper transition from high cellular @entity5 edge to low cellular @entity4 define @entity146 subtypes with a poorer prognosis.

title: Magnetic resonance diffusion metrics indexing high focal cellularity and sharp transition at the XXXX boundary predict poor outcome in @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: SETTING: Gondar University Hospital (GUH) is a resource-limited tertiary care hospital in northern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the aggregate effect of care standardization, institutional guidelines, and simulation-based training on pediatric mortality at a resource-limited hospital. DESIGN: Uncontrolled pre-post study. GUH in- @entity1 aged from 30 days to 14 years were included in the program evaluation (baseline 11 September-18 November 2010; intervention 19 September-9 December 2011). Interns attached to the GUH pediatrics department from 6 September to 9 December 2011 were included in the training evaluation. Institution-specific management guidelines were prepared for @entity1224 , @entity649 , @entity2700 , @entity295 , @entity712 , @entity772 , and @entity410 . Approval for the protocols was obtained from each pediatric faculty member. Interns received a 3.5 h simulation-based training in triage, procedural skills, and protocol usage. Primary outcome was overall @entity204 (%); secondary outcomes were @entity204 within 24 h of admission (%) and median pre/post-training emergency management test scores (%). RESULTS: No difference in mortality (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.40-1.29, P = 0.265) or first 24 h mortality (crude OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.37-2.55) was observed. Trainee examination scores improved from 33% to 74% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Combining care standardization, management protocols, and simulation-based training did not reduce mortality among pediatric in- @entity1 . Focused, simulation-based training improved short-term test scores among interns.

title: Implementation of an in- XXXX pediatric mortality reduction intervention, Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Thirty-six hands in thirty-two @entity1 had internal neurolysis of the median nerve and carpal tunnel release for severe @entity923 . Median-nerve function was evaluated in all hands using Weber two-point discrimination and electromyography. Thenar-muscle strength or bulk, or both, were recorded in thirty hands. Ten hands also had Semmes-Weinstein monofilament pressure-testing. The indication for neurolysis in these selected @entity1 was the presence of any one of the following: an increase in two-point-discrimination values, thenar-muscle atrophy, or denervation potentials in the thenar muscles. Twenty-two (76 per cent) of the twenty-nine hands that had had diminished two-point discrimination preoperatively regained normal sensibility. Seven (70 per cent) of ten hands that had had thenar-muscle weakness (grade 3 or less) preoperatively regained grade-4 or 5 strength. Nine (50 per cent) of eighteen hands that had had thenar-muscle atrophy regained normal muscle bulk. Seventy-six per cent of the @entity1 in this series recovered sensation and 70 per cent recovered muscle strength, and the procedure was well tolerated. Although no studies comparing the results of treatment of severe @entity923 with and without internal neurolysis have been reported, we think that neurolysis, if it is done by a surgeon who is skilled in microsurgery, is a safe and effective procedure for severe @entity923 .

title: Results of internal neurolysis of the median nerve for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal-tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal-tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Syntaxin is a synapse-specific protein previously localized to the plasma membrane of axon terminals. Biochemical and molecular biological studies indicate a prominent role for @entity30406 in synaptic vesicle docking and/or fusion, suggesting that these proteins are localized to active zone regions of most terminal varicosities in the central nervous system. We sought to test this hypothesis by examining the cellular and subcellular immunocytochemical localization of syntaxin 1 proteins in the striatum and frontal cortex of @entity35 . Using either a polyclonal anti-syntaxin antibody, or a monoclonal antibody directed against the identical protein, HPC-1, immunoperoxidase reaction product was localized to preterminal axons and terminal varicosities that made almost exclusively Type I (asymmetric) synapses on dendritic spines or distal shafts. Immunoreactive terminals forming Type II (symmetric) synapses were observed rarely and only in tissue that was pretreated by rapid freeze-thaw to enhance antibody penetration. From a semi-quantitative analysis, it was estimated that at least 48-62% of all vesicle-filled varicosities and 67-69% of all terminals forming Type I synapses were immunoreactive for syntaxin or HPC-1, respectively. Using a pre-embedding immunogold- @entity575 technique to provide a non-diffusible marker for subcellular localization, gold- @entity575 particles for syntaxin or HPC-1 were localized to the cytoplasmic surface of non-synaptic portions of the plasma membrane of preterminal axons and terminal varicosities. Enrichment of presynaptic active zone regions was not observed with immunogold- @entity575 staining. These findings suggest that syntaxin is primarily contained in a subpopulation of terminals that are associated with excitatory @entity535 transmitters, but appears not to be ubiquitously expressed in all terminal classes. The results further indicate that syntaxin is localized to non-synaptic regions of axon and terminal membranes, but may not be enriched in presynaptic active zones. The apparent inconsistency between the subcellular localization of syntaxin and its proposed role in vesicle exocytosis is discussed in terms of possible technical limitations and alternative functions for syntaxin.

title: Cellular and subcellular localization of syntaxin-like immunoreactivity in the XXXX striatum and cortex.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Heat-induced alterations in CHO-10B cell @entity5956 (Ho342) permeability in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immediately after 45.5 degrees C heating, uptake was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with @entity137 . Kinetic analysis indicated that a treatment that reduced cell survival to approximately 10%, reduced the maximal velocity, Vmax, to 53% of control and increased the dissociation constant, Km, to 156% of control. Also, little change in Ho342 efflux was found to occur from control up to 90 min after heating. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C after the heat treatment from 1 to 24 hr (depending on the severity of the dose) diffuse heterogeneity of Ho342 staining developed which was not evident immediately after heating. The altered staining was not due to the presence of @entity3460 staining cells. Membrane permeabilization and nuclei isolation studies indicated that the lesion responsible was most likely a plasma membrane event. Induction of the heterogenous staining was not inhibited by either @entity4316 or @entity1862 but was inhibited by incubation at 4 degrees C. An inverse correlation existed between Ho342 permeability and clonogenicity, with nearly a 10-fold difference in survival between the high and low fluorescence intensity sorted cells. Also, larger fractions of @entity4889 and G2M-phase cells were found in the highly fluorescent sorted fractions. These results are discussed in terms of the putative molecular events that may be involved in hyperthermic modulation of Ho342 permeability.

title: FACS analysis of a hyperthermia-induced alteration in XXXX permeability and direct measurement of its relationship to cell survival.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['heat-sensitive S']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity5956 :: (MESH:C017807,Chemical) :: ['Hoechst 33342']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises (JM_Str) vs @entity479 injection (SI) in the treatment of @entity3444 ( @entity3444 ). METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 (mean age, 45.5    8.5 years; range, 30-60 years; 23 females) with @entity3444 were randomly assigned to receive either JM_Str (n = 22) or SIs (n = 21). JM_Str was applied 3 times per week for 3 weeks for a total of 9 visits. The SI group received 1 injection at baseline. The @entity1 ' functional scores were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and @entity158 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline and at 3-week, 6-week, 12-week, and 1-year follow-ups. The primary aim was examined using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were performed to examine differences between the baseline and follow-up periods using Bonferroni equality at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, and dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly impact @entity158 relief or functional outcome (P > .05) at the 3-, 6- or 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. Planned pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in @entity158 relief and functional outcomes in both groups (P < .05) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. However, at the 12-week and 1-year follow-ups, @entity158 and functional outcomes were significantly improved in only the JM_Str group (P = .002). The overall group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for both FAAM (P = .001; F = 7.0) and VAS (P = .001; F = 8.3) scores. Between-group differences favored the SI group at the 3-week (P = .001, P = .001), 6-week (P = .002, P = .001), and 12-week (P = .008, P = .001) follow-ups for @entity158 relief and functional outcomes. However, no significant differences (P = .62, P = .57) were detected in the measured outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that while both groups achieved significant improvements at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups, the SI group exhibited better outcomes at all 3 time points. The noted improvements continued in only the JM_Str group for a period of time ranging from 12 weeks to 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative study.

title: Joint Mobilization and Stretching Exercise vs XXXX Injection in the Treatment of @entity3444 : A Randomized Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['PF', 'plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises (JM_Str) vs @entity479 injection (SI) in the treatment of @entity3444 ( @entity3444 ). METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 (mean age, 45.5    8.5 years; range, 30-60 years; 23 females) with @entity3444 were randomly assigned to receive either JM_Str (n = 22) or SIs (n = 21). JM_Str was applied 3 times per week for 3 weeks for a total of 9 visits. The SI group received 1 injection at baseline. The @entity1 ' functional scores were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and @entity158 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline and at 3-week, 6-week, 12-week, and 1-year follow-ups. The primary aim was examined using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were performed to examine differences between the baseline and follow-up periods using Bonferroni equality at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, and dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly impact @entity158 relief or functional outcome (P > .05) at the 3-, 6- or 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. Planned pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in @entity158 relief and functional outcomes in both groups (P < .05) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. However, at the 12-week and 1-year follow-ups, @entity158 and functional outcomes were significantly improved in only the JM_Str group (P = .002). The overall group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for both FAAM (P = .001; F = 7.0) and VAS (P = .001; F = 8.3) scores. Between-group differences favored the SI group at the 3-week (P = .001, P = .001), 6-week (P = .002, P = .001), and 12-week (P = .008, P = .001) follow-ups for @entity158 relief and functional outcomes. However, no significant differences (P = .62, P = .57) were detected in the measured outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that while both groups achieved significant improvements at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups, the SI group exhibited better outcomes at all 3 time points. The noted improvements continued in only the JM_Str group for a period of time ranging from 12 weeks to 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative study.

title: Joint Mobilization and Stretching Exercise vs @entity479 Injection in the Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['Plantar Fasciitis']


abstract: Cardiac melanocyte-like cells (CMLCs) contribute to @entity943 when missing the melanin synthesis enzyme @entity27828 (Dct). While scavenging reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in Dct-null @entity19 partially suppressed @entity943 , it remains unclear if CMLCs influence atrial ROS and structure or if the electrical response of CMLCs to ROS differs from that of atrial myocytes. This study is designed to determine if CMLCs contribute to overall atrial oxidative stress or structural remodeling, and if ROS affects the electrophysiology of CMLCs differently than atrial myocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of the oxidative marker @entity7599 in Dct-null atria versus Dct-heterozygous (Dct-het) atria. Exposing isolated CMLCs from Dct-het and Dct-null @entity19 to @entity273 increased @entity224 anion more in Dct-null CMLCs. Trichrome staining showed increased @entity82 in Dct-null atria, and treating Dct-null @entity19 with the ROS scavenger @entity11933 reduced atrial @entity82 . Action potential recordings from atrial myocytes and isolated Dct-het and Dct-null CMLCs in response to @entity273 showed that the EC50 for action potential duration (APD) prolongation of Dct-null CMLCs was 8.2      1.7   mol/L versus 16.8      2.0   mol/L for Dct-het CMLCs, 19.9      2.1   mol/L for Dct-null atrial myocytes, and 20.5      1.9   mol/L for Dct-het atrial myocytes. However, APD90 was longer in CMLCs versus atrial myocytes in response to @entity273 . @entity273 also induced more afterdepolarizations in CMLCs compared to atrial myocytes. These studies suggest that Dct within CMLCs contributes to @entity519 and remodeling. ROS prolongs APD to a greater extent and induces afterdepolarizations more frequently in CMLCs than in atrial myocytes.

title: Cardiac melanocytes influence atrial reactive XXXX species involved with electrical and structural remodeling in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27828 :: ('13190(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['dopachrome tautomerase']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ROS balance']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Cardiac melanocyte-like cells (CMLCs) contribute to @entity943 when missing the melanin synthesis enzyme @entity27828 (Dct). While scavenging reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in Dct-null @entity19 partially suppressed @entity943 , it remains unclear if CMLCs influence atrial ROS and structure or if the electrical response of CMLCs to ROS differs from that of atrial myocytes. This study is designed to determine if CMLCs contribute to overall atrial oxidative stress or structural remodeling, and if ROS affects the electrophysiology of CMLCs differently than atrial myocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of the oxidative marker @entity7599 in Dct-null atria versus Dct-heterozygous (Dct-het) atria. Exposing isolated CMLCs from Dct-het and Dct-null @entity19 to @entity273 increased @entity224 anion more in Dct-null CMLCs. Trichrome staining showed increased @entity82 in Dct-null atria, and treating Dct-null @entity19 with the ROS scavenger @entity11933 reduced atrial @entity82 . Action potential recordings from atrial myocytes and isolated Dct-het and Dct-null CMLCs in response to @entity273 showed that the EC50 for action potential duration (APD) prolongation of Dct-null CMLCs was 8.2      1.7   mol/L versus 16.8      2.0   mol/L for Dct-het CMLCs, 19.9      2.1   mol/L for Dct-null atrial myocytes, and 20.5      1.9   mol/L for Dct-het atrial myocytes. However, APD90 was longer in CMLCs versus atrial myocytes in response to @entity273 . @entity273 also induced more afterdepolarizations in CMLCs compared to atrial myocytes. These studies suggest that Dct within CMLCs contributes to @entity519 and remodeling. ROS prolongs APD to a greater extent and induces afterdepolarizations more frequently in CMLCs than in atrial myocytes.

title: Cardiac melanocytes influence atrial reactive @entity26 species involved with electrical and structural remodeling in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']