abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2346 media with effusion in @entity1 younger than 1 year and its association with the season of the year, artificial feeding, environmental and perinatal factors. METHODS: Retrospective study of 184 randomly included medical records from a total of 982 healthy @entity1 evaluated for hearing screening tests. @entity2346 media with effusion was based on otoscopy (amber-gold color, fluid level, handle of @entity2113 ), type B tympanometric curves and absence of otoacoustic emissions. Incomplete medical records or those describing @entity697 , @entity1729 on the assessment day or in the last 3 months, @entity16 and @entity2122 were excluded. Data such as gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, type of feeding and day care attendance were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity2346 media with effusion through likelihood tests and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 25.3% of 184 @entity1 had @entity2346 media with bilateral effusion; 9.2% had unilateral. In @entity1 with @entity2346 media, the following were observed: chronological age of 9.6  1.7 months; gestational age >38 weeks in 43.4% and birth weight >2,500g in 48.4%. @entity2172 with effusion was associated with winter/fall, artificial feeding, Apgar score <7 and day care attendance. The multivariate analysis showed that artificial feeding is the factor most often associated to @entity2346 media with effusion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2172 with effusion was found in about one third of @entity1 younger than 1 year and was mainly associated with artificial feeding.

title: [ @entity2172 with effusion in XXXX younger than 1 year].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Eating alone is a known risk factor for nutritional vulnerability in later life. Widowhood often entails @entity393 (shared meals). This article explores this experience among older widowed @entity1 in relation to food behavior. METHOD: Qualitative methods based on constructivist grounded theory were used. Interviews were conducted with 15 @entity1 living alone in the community, aged 71 to 86 years, and widowed 6 months to 15 years. RESULTS: Widowhood meant having significantly fewer opportunities for commensality. @entity1 attributed changes to their food behaviors to the @entity393 , including food choice, fewer regular meals, and reduced work of meal preparation. These changes were attributed to the experienced difference between shared meals and meals eaten alone, no longer having the commitment of commensality, and having less interest in meal preparation in the absence of obligation or reward of commensality. DISCUSSION: Eating alone symbolized loss and was less enjoyable, yet the pleasure experienced with food was intact. Focusing on the pleasure of eating may help support @entity1 when they lose regular commensality late in life. Free from the commitment of commensality, some shifted away from regular meals and simplified their meal preparation strategies. This has implications for clinical and research endeavors.

title: Alone at the Table: Food Behavior and the XXXX in Widowhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of commensality']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['Loss of Commensality']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among captive @entity831 . But there are no clinical definitions of normotension or @entity101 in @entity831 . METHODS: We analyzed 1 year of blood pressure (BP) data from a population of 261 healthy captive adult @entity831 using a consistent set of criteria to ascertain health. RESULTS: Systolic BP varied by body weight. Diastolic BP varied by age. Median normotension was 126/63 mmHg, with an upper limit of 147/84 mmHg. We defined categories of @entity101 (148/85-153/88 mmHg) and @entity101 (>= 154/89 mmHg). The prevalence of elevated BP was 15%. The relative risk of mortality was 2.60, compared to normotensive animals. CONCLUSIONS: We used contemporary methods from @entity1 laboratory medicine to define reliable reference intervals for @entity831 BP. Results allow accurate diagnosis of @entity101 and @entity101 , and demonstrate an effect of elevated BP on mortality.

title: Blood pressure reference intervals for healthy adult XXXX ( @entity831 ).

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'pre-hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee', 'chimpanzees']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzees']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among captive @entity831 . But there are no clinical definitions of normotension or @entity101 in @entity831 . METHODS: We analyzed 1 year of blood pressure (BP) data from a population of 261 healthy captive adult @entity831 using a consistent set of criteria to ascertain health. RESULTS: Systolic BP varied by body weight. Diastolic BP varied by age. Median normotension was 126/63 mmHg, with an upper limit of 147/84 mmHg. We defined categories of @entity101 (148/85-153/88 mmHg) and @entity101 (>= 154/89 mmHg). The prevalence of elevated BP was 15%. The relative risk of mortality was 2.60, compared to normotensive animals. CONCLUSIONS: We used contemporary methods from @entity1 laboratory medicine to define reliable reference intervals for @entity831 BP. Results allow accurate diagnosis of @entity101 and @entity101 , and demonstrate an effect of elevated BP on mortality.

title: Blood pressure reference intervals for healthy adult @entity831 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Pan troglodytes']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity1 with primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) commonly describe symptoms of @entity1295 . However, hematologists rarely consider @entity1295 a manifestation of @entity3039 . OBJECTIVES:     To document the prevalence of @entity1295 among @entity1 with @entity3039 and to determine the @entity1 characteristics that are associated with @entity1295 .     Using a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 1871 members of the UK @entity3039 Support Association [585 (31%) responded], and 93 @entity1 enrolled in the Oklahoma (US) @entity3039 Registry [68 (73%) responded] with questions about their @entity3039 and with validated symptom assessment scales for @entity1295 , @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. RESULTS:     The prevalence of @entity1295 among both UK (39%) and US (22%) @entity1 was significantly greater than expected compared with normal subjects (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001 respectively). In univariate analysis of the combined cohorts, @entity1295 was associated with a platelet count <100000/ L, treatment with @entity230 , @entity548 symptoms, presence of other medical conditions, @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. Fatigue was not associated with age, gender, duration of @entity3039 , or splenectomy status. Multivariate analysis of the combined cohorts was stratified for the presence or absence of @entity548 symptoms. Among 107 @entity1 with @entity548 symptoms, @entity1295 was independently associated with a platelet count <100000/ L and female gender. Among 491 @entity1 without @entity548 symptoms, @entity1295 was independently associated with a platelet count <30000/ L, presence of other medical conditions, @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:     Fatigue is a common symptom among @entity1 with @entity3039 . These data provide the basis for future studies to define the clinical importance of @entity1295 in @entity3039 .

title: Fatigue in adult @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity1 with primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) commonly describe symptoms of @entity1295 . However, hematologists rarely consider @entity1295 a manifestation of @entity3039 . OBJECTIVES:     To document the prevalence of @entity1295 among @entity1 with @entity3039 and to determine the @entity1 characteristics that are associated with @entity1295 .     Using a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 1871 members of the UK @entity3039 Support Association [585 (31%) responded], and 93 @entity1 enrolled in the Oklahoma (US) @entity3039 Registry [68 (73%) responded] with questions about their @entity3039 and with validated symptom assessment scales for @entity1295 , @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. RESULTS:     The prevalence of @entity1295 among both UK (39%) and US (22%) @entity1 was significantly greater than expected compared with normal subjects (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001 respectively). In univariate analysis of the combined cohorts, @entity1295 was associated with a platelet count <100000/ L, treatment with @entity230 , @entity548 symptoms, presence of other medical conditions, @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. Fatigue was not associated with age, gender, duration of @entity3039 , or splenectomy status. Multivariate analysis of the combined cohorts was stratified for the presence or absence of @entity548 symptoms. Among 107 @entity1 with @entity548 symptoms, @entity1295 was independently associated with a platelet count <100000/ L and female gender. Among 491 @entity1 without @entity548 symptoms, @entity1295 was independently associated with a platelet count <30000/ L, presence of other medical conditions, @entity25 , and orthostatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:     Fatigue is a common symptom among @entity1 with @entity3039 . These data provide the basis for future studies to define the clinical importance of @entity1295 in @entity3039 .

title: Fatigue in adult XXXX with primary @entity3039 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic treatment with an orally active @entity3920 inhibitor, @entity72480 ( @entity72480 ), in a hamster @entity583 model. In the first experiment, after confirming the biochemical inhibitory action of @entity72480 on @entity1 and hamster chymases (Ki = 6.2 and 30.6 nM, respectively), the biological action of @entity72480 in vivo was assessed by the inhibition of hamster @entity3920 -induced microvascular leakage. In the second experiment, @entity583 was produced by coronary artery ligation in male @entity329 . @entity72480 (0.1% containing chow) was given 24 h after surgery and continued for 3 or 5 weeks, while the control and sham-operated groups were fed a standard chow. The survival rate was assessed in each group. At the end of each study period, blood pressure was measured at the left hind-limb, the heart rate and cardiac function were measured by echocardiography, the end-diastolic pressure by a direct catheterization, and organ weights and biochemical parameters, including plasma @entity916 and angiotensin-converting enzyme activities and plasma @entity2178 and @entity2178 concentrations, were measured. In the first experiment, a standard chow containing 0.1% @entity72480 completely inhibited the hamster @entity3920 -induced microvascular leakage. In the second experiment, @entity72480 treatment significantly increased the survival rate (37% versus control), and attenuated @entity1283 (13% versus control) and end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (34% versus control), but it did not decrease the @entity1188 size nor improve the ejection fraction. The plasma @entity2178 concentration post- @entity583 was significantly suppressed by @entity72480 throughout the study period. We conclude that @entity72480 is an orally active useful @entity3920 inhibitor and improves survival and @entity1283 of the post- @entity583 hamster.

title: XXXX inhibitor improves survival in hamsters with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity72480 :: ('MESH:C554849', 'Chemical') :: ['TEI-E548', '4-[1-(naphthylmethyl)benzimidazol-2-ylthio]butanoic acid']

answer: @entity3920 :: (1215,Gene) :: ['Chymase']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic treatment with an orally active @entity3920 inhibitor, @entity72480 ( @entity72480 ), in a hamster @entity583 model. In the first experiment, after confirming the biochemical inhibitory action of @entity72480 on @entity1 and hamster chymases (Ki = 6.2 and 30.6 nM, respectively), the biological action of @entity72480 in vivo was assessed by the inhibition of hamster @entity3920 -induced microvascular leakage. In the second experiment, @entity583 was produced by coronary artery ligation in male @entity329 . @entity72480 (0.1% containing chow) was given 24 h after surgery and continued for 3 or 5 weeks, while the control and sham-operated groups were fed a standard chow. The survival rate was assessed in each group. At the end of each study period, blood pressure was measured at the left hind-limb, the heart rate and cardiac function were measured by echocardiography, the end-diastolic pressure by a direct catheterization, and organ weights and biochemical parameters, including plasma @entity916 and angiotensin-converting enzyme activities and plasma @entity2178 and @entity2178 concentrations, were measured. In the first experiment, a standard chow containing 0.1% @entity72480 completely inhibited the hamster @entity3920 -induced microvascular leakage. In the second experiment, @entity72480 treatment significantly increased the survival rate (37% versus control), and attenuated @entity1283 (13% versus control) and end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (34% versus control), but it did not decrease the @entity1188 size nor improve the ejection fraction. The plasma @entity2178 concentration post- @entity583 was significantly suppressed by @entity72480 throughout the study period. We conclude that @entity72480 is an orally active useful @entity3920 inhibitor and improves survival and @entity1283 of the post- @entity583 hamster.

title: @entity3920 inhibitor improves survival in hamsters with XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In order to discover novel protein markers indicative of disease processes or drug effects, the proteomics technology platform most commonly used consists of high resolution protein separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometric identification of proteins from stained gel spots and a bioinformatic data analysis process supported by statistics. This approach has been more successful in profiling proteins and their disease- or treatment-related quantitative changes in tissue homogenates than in plasma samples. Plasma protein display and quantitation suffer from several disadvantages: very high abundance of a few proteins; high heterogeneity of many proteins resulting in long charge trains; crowding of 2-DE separated protein spots in the molecular mass range between 45-80 kD and in the isoelectric point range between 4.5 and 6. Therefore, proteomic technologies are needed that address these problems and particularly allow accurate quantitation of a larger number of less abundant proteins in plasma and other body fluids. The immunoaffinity-based protein subtraction chromatography (IASC) described here removes multiple proteins present in plasma and serum in high concentrations effectively and reproducibly. Applying IASC as an upfront plasma sample preparation process for 2-DE, the protein spot pattern observed in gels changes dramatically and at least 350 additional lower abundance proteins are visualized. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) are the immunoaffinity reagents used to specifically remove the abundant proteins such as albumin, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A, @entity69 , @entity2104 , alpha-1-antitrypsin, @entity21254 , transthyretin, alpha-2-HS glycoprotein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, @entity72481 from @entity1 plasma samples. To render the immunoaffinity subtraction procedure recyclable, the pAbs are immobilized and cross-linked on chromatographic matrices. Antibody-coupled matrices specific for one protein each can be pooled to form mixed-bed IASC columns. We show that up to ten affinity-bound plasma proteins with similar solubility characteristics are eluted from a mixed-bed column in one step. This facilitates automated chromatographic processing of plasma samples in high throughput, which is desirable in proteomic disease marker discovery projects.

title: Multi-component immunoaffinity subtraction chromatography: an innovative step towards a comprehensive survey of the XXXX plasma proteome.

entities_list: @entity72481 :: ('2;2244', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-2-macroglobulin and fibrinogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlling healthcare costs without compromising @entity1 care is a focus given recent healthcare changes in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical improvement in @entity954 ( @entity954 ) @entity1 initiated on or transitioned to enteral antibiotics compared to those who solely receive intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for treatment of @entity2028 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included @entity1 with a positive quantitative respiratory culture being treated for @entity2028 in a @entity954 from 1/1/09 to 3/31/11. Two distinct @entity1 groups were identified: Those treated with IV antibiotics exclusively (IV) and those either initiated on or transitioned to enteral antibiotics within 4 days of antibiotic initiation (PO). The primary endpoint of clinical improvement was assessed on day of antibiotic discontinuation. RESULTS: A total of 647 @entity1 were evaluated; 124 met inclusion criteria (30 @entity1 PO group and 94 IV group). There was no difference in clinical improvement (86.7 PO vs 72.3% IV, P = 0.14) or recurrence (10 PO vs. 12.8% IV, P > 0.99) between groups. Secondary outcomes of duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and all-cause mortality were also similar. Antibiotic and infection-related costs were significantly decreased in the PO group ( 1,042 vs  697, P = 0.04;  20,776 vs  17,381, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity954 @entity1 initiated on or transitioned to PO antibiotics for @entity55 had similar clinical outcomes, but significantly less infection-related and antibiotic costs compared to those receiving IV therapy. Further, prospective studies are warranted.

title: Can enteral antibiotics be used to treat XXXX in the @entity954 ? A clinical outcomes and cost comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical intensive care unit', 'SICU']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlling healthcare costs without compromising @entity1 care is a focus given recent healthcare changes in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical improvement in @entity954 ( @entity954 ) @entity1 initiated on or transitioned to enteral antibiotics compared to those who solely receive intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for treatment of @entity2028 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included @entity1 with a positive quantitative respiratory culture being treated for @entity2028 in a @entity954 from 1/1/09 to 3/31/11. Two distinct @entity1 groups were identified: Those treated with IV antibiotics exclusively (IV) and those either initiated on or transitioned to enteral antibiotics within 4 days of antibiotic initiation (PO). The primary endpoint of clinical improvement was assessed on day of antibiotic discontinuation. RESULTS: A total of 647 @entity1 were evaluated; 124 met inclusion criteria (30 @entity1 PO group and 94 IV group). There was no difference in clinical improvement (86.7 PO vs 72.3% IV, P = 0.14) or recurrence (10 PO vs. 12.8% IV, P > 0.99) between groups. Secondary outcomes of duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and all-cause mortality were also similar. Antibiotic and infection-related costs were significantly decreased in the PO group ( 1,042 vs  697, P = 0.04;  20,776 vs  17,381, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity954 @entity1 initiated on or transitioned to PO antibiotics for @entity55 had similar clinical outcomes, but significantly less infection-related and antibiotic costs compared to those receiving IV therapy. Further, prospective studies are warranted.

title: Can enteral antibiotics be used to treat @entity55 in the XXXX ? A clinical outcomes and cost comparison.

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['surgical intensive care unit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of etanercept in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ), and to assess the tolerance of these @entity1 to etanercept. METHODS: All @entity4932 @entity1 with active chronic @entity625 , who were first treated with etanercept between November 1999 and June 2001 in 18 French centers because of poor response or intolerance to methotrexate, were included in this open-label, prospective, multicenter study. A standardized questionnaire was sent to the treating physicians. We assessed the validated international core-set score for @entity4932 activity every 3 months and performed an intent-to-treat analysis. We also compared the risk of treatment failure in @entity1 defined as having systemic-onset, @entity4932 . RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 were enrolled and were followed up for a median of 13 months. Treatment had to be stopped in 1 @entity1 who became pregnant and in 12 @entity1 due to severe side effects, including neurologic or @entity146 , @entity1781 , major @entity1017 , severe @entity281 , @entity1333 with systemic symptoms, @entity548 , @entity1596 flare, and @entity3043 . All of these side effects disappeared after discontinuation of etanercept. @entity30 was subsequently diagnosed in 1 @entity1 . Scores improved by > or =30% in 73% of @entity1 after 3 months, but this proportion decreased to 39% after 12 months. The response rate was significantly lower in @entity1 with systemic-onset @entity4932 than in those with oligoarticular- or polyarticular-onset @entity4932 . CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity4932 with etanercept may be associated with a wide spectrum of severe side effects. Although most @entity1 initially respond to etanercept, this initial response is not always followed by sustained improvement over longer periods of time. In addition, the higher rate of treatment failure in the group with systemic-onset @entity4932 indicates that these @entity1 in particular may require alternative treatments.

title: Efficacy of etanercept for the treatment of XXXX according to the onset type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarticular-onset, or polyarticular-onset JIA', 'JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2885 is a serious infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly with an estimated annual incidence rate of around 10% from previous studies. Older @entity1 are at a higher risk for @entity2885 due to multiple factors including structural, functional and co-existent conditions. There is very little data on the incidence, clinical features and outcomes among elderly @entity1 with @entity2885 in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of case records of 100 consecutive @entity1 over the age of 60 years with @entity2885 admitted to a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS: One fourth of our @entity1 (26%) did not have fever, 49% had @entity933 and 52% had @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). Sixty five percent of the @entity1 were @entity6 and 60% had @entity281 caused by extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. As in other studies, the commonest organism isolated was @entity526 (49%). A low serum @entity2313 level was a predictor of mortality (p<0.001) and increased length of hospital stay (p<0.005). @entity933 was also associated with a poor outcome (p=0.009) in these @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity2885 secondary to ESBL producing organisms had a higher length of stay (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: @entity4988 and @entity933 predicted poor outcomes in our @entity1 . We found a high prevalence of @entity281 in this study. Further research is required to assess the efficacy of aggressive management of @entity933 and low @entity2313 in improving health and cost outcomes.

title: Clinical Profile and Predictors of Outcomes in Older Inpatients with XXXX in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ESBL infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis', 'Pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity2885 :: (MESH:D011704,Disease) :: ['Pyelonephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Menopause marks the end of ovarian function and it is called 'early' or 'premature' if it occurs before 45 years. Very little is known about the menopause transition in @entity6 @entity1 . @entity209 like @entity6 will accelerate the reproductive ageing and determine @entity11157 by various mechanisms. Early menopause along with @entity6 has a synergistic effect over the incidence of @entity65 and other illnesses. There is no data regarding menopausal age in Indian population. Hence, present study was aimed at understanding the age of menopause in @entity6 Indian @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out at a tertiary care, teaching hospital in Southern India. Post-menopausal @entity1 who attended the Department of Medicine during August 2013 to August 2014, were included in the study. Six hundred @entity1 were recruited by a systematic random sampling, 300 @entity6 and 300 non- @entity6 after obtaining their consents. They were all non-smokers, took mixed diet and other somatometric variables were similar in both the groups. RESULTS: Average age of menopause among @entity6 @entity1 was 44.65 years which is much earlier than the menopause in non- @entity6 @entity1 (48.2 years). Out of the 600 @entity1 , 212 @entity1 had an @entity7793 (<45 yrs.). Among them, 54 were non- @entity6 and 158 were @entity6 . Present study also revealed a higher BMI among the diabetics than the non- @entity6 @entity1 . This may be due to the changes in body composition and increase in abdominal fat after menopause. This change is more in diabetics due to the disturbances in insulin sensitivity and @entity413 metabolism. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms that @entity2175 increases the risk of @entity7793 . The study reinforces the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of @entity6 for a long term well being of a @entity1 .

title: Early Menopause in XXXX - A Study from a South Indian Tertiary Care Centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the uprising number of @entity135 in the state with limited options of medical and surgical treatment, the focus of this study involved on chemotherapy in advanced @entity135 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 (PF) as induction chemotherapy in @entity1 in locally advanced @entity1544 of @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty four @entity1 with previously untreated stage III -IV advanced and inoperable cases were included in this prospective study. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of @entity900 100mg/mt(2) as infusion on day 1, @entity1487 of 750mg/mt(2) on day 2, @entity1487 of 1000mg/mt2 as infusion on day 3 in an inpatient basis. Cycles were repeated with an interval of 21 days. @entity1 were evaluated within a period of 3 weeks at the end of completion of third cycle of chemotherapy. Post chemotherapy local therapy was individualized based on the response, site and stage of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Out of 44 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , major dominance was noted in male group constituting 68%. After induction chemotherapy 58.8% of stage III experienced stable response, _ 44% had partial response. In stage IV, 44% showed a stable response and 33.3% had partial response. But in comparison to primary @entity5 response and nodal response, which had a significant clinical response, the overall response of malignancy with respect to stage and site specificity was clinically insignificant. Moderate adverse reaction was noted in 47.6% and 42.1% had mild reactions. Majority of @entity1 experienced grade 3 adverse events, of which @entity417 in females and @entity1210 in males pre-dominated. CONCLUSION: With the use of @entity900 and @entity1487 as induction chemotherapy agents in advanced and inoperable @entity957 of @entity135 , a distinct benefit was seen in stabilizing the @entity5 from progression. But achieving a significant complete response to the same is of faint possibility. An alternate multidrug regimen or multimodality treatment would be ideal to gain the optimum results from induction agents. @entity137 related to chemotherapy usually is transient at therapeutic doses, and can be controlled by adequate prophylactic measures.

title: Induction Chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1487 in Advanced @entity135 : A Short Term Response Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'Head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the uprising number of @entity135 in the state with limited options of medical and surgical treatment, the focus of this study involved on chemotherapy in advanced @entity135 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 (PF) as induction chemotherapy in @entity1 in locally advanced @entity1544 of @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty four @entity1 with previously untreated stage III -IV advanced and inoperable cases were included in this prospective study. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of @entity900 100mg/mt(2) as infusion on day 1, @entity1487 of 750mg/mt(2) on day 2, @entity1487 of 1000mg/mt2 as infusion on day 3 in an inpatient basis. Cycles were repeated with an interval of 21 days. @entity1 were evaluated within a period of 3 weeks at the end of completion of third cycle of chemotherapy. Post chemotherapy local therapy was individualized based on the response, site and stage of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Out of 44 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , major dominance was noted in male group constituting 68%. After induction chemotherapy 58.8% of stage III experienced stable response, _ 44% had partial response. In stage IV, 44% showed a stable response and 33.3% had partial response. But in comparison to primary @entity5 response and nodal response, which had a significant clinical response, the overall response of malignancy with respect to stage and site specificity was clinically insignificant. Moderate adverse reaction was noted in 47.6% and 42.1% had mild reactions. Majority of @entity1 experienced grade 3 adverse events, of which @entity417 in females and @entity1210 in males pre-dominated. CONCLUSION: With the use of @entity900 and @entity1487 as induction chemotherapy agents in advanced and inoperable @entity957 of @entity135 , a distinct benefit was seen in stabilizing the @entity5 from progression. But achieving a significant complete response to the same is of faint possibility. An alternate multidrug regimen or multimodality treatment would be ideal to gain the optimum results from induction agents. @entity137 related to chemotherapy usually is transient at therapeutic doses, and can be controlled by adequate prophylactic measures.

title: Induction Chemotherapy with @entity900 and XXXX in Advanced @entity135 : A Short Term Response Evaluation.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the uprising number of @entity135 in the state with limited options of medical and surgical treatment, the focus of this study involved on chemotherapy in advanced @entity135 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 (PF) as induction chemotherapy in @entity1 in locally advanced @entity1544 of @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty four @entity1 with previously untreated stage III -IV advanced and inoperable cases were included in this prospective study. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 cycles of @entity900 100mg/mt(2) as infusion on day 1, @entity1487 of 750mg/mt(2) on day 2, @entity1487 of 1000mg/mt2 as infusion on day 3 in an inpatient basis. Cycles were repeated with an interval of 21 days. @entity1 were evaluated within a period of 3 weeks at the end of completion of third cycle of chemotherapy. Post chemotherapy local therapy was individualized based on the response, site and stage of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Out of 44 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , major dominance was noted in male group constituting 68%. After induction chemotherapy 58.8% of stage III experienced stable response, _ 44% had partial response. In stage IV, 44% showed a stable response and 33.3% had partial response. But in comparison to primary @entity5 response and nodal response, which had a significant clinical response, the overall response of malignancy with respect to stage and site specificity was clinically insignificant. Moderate adverse reaction was noted in 47.6% and 42.1% had mild reactions. Majority of @entity1 experienced grade 3 adverse events, of which @entity417 in females and @entity1210 in males pre-dominated. CONCLUSION: With the use of @entity900 and @entity1487 as induction chemotherapy agents in advanced and inoperable @entity957 of @entity135 , a distinct benefit was seen in stabilizing the @entity5 from progression. But achieving a significant complete response to the same is of faint possibility. An alternate multidrug regimen or multimodality treatment would be ideal to gain the optimum results from induction agents. @entity137 related to chemotherapy usually is transient at therapeutic doses, and can be controlled by adequate prophylactic measures.

title: Induction Chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1487 in Advanced XXXX : A Short Term Response Evaluation.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During 2006, Israeli hospitals faced a clonal outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 that was not controlled by local measures. A nationwide intervention was launched to contain the outbreak and to introduce a strategy to control future dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals. METHODS: In March 2007, the Ministry of Health issued guidelines mandating physical separation of hospitalized carriers of @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and dedicated staffing and appointed a professional task force charged with containment. The task force paid site visits at acute-care hospitals, evaluated @entity281 and laboratory methods, supervised adherence to the guidelines via daily census reports on carriers and their conditions of isolation, provided daily feedback on performance to hospital directors, and intervened additionally when necessary. The initial intervention period was 1 April 2007-31 May 2008. The primary outcome measure was incidence of clinically diagnosed nosocomial CRE cases. RESULTS: By 31 March 2007, 1275 @entity1 were affected in 27 hospitals (175 cases per 1 million population). Prior to the intervention, the monthly incidence of nosocomial CRE was 55.5 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -days. With the intervention, the continuous increase in the incidence of CRE acquisition was halted, and by May 2008, the number of new monthly cases was reduced to 11.7 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -days (P<.001). There was a direct correlation between compliance with isolation guidelines and success in containment of transmission (P=.02). Compliance neutralized the effect of carrier prevalence on new incidence (P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: A centrally coordinated intervention succeeded in containing a nationwide CRE outbreak after local measures failed. The intervention demonstrates the importance of strategic planning and national oversight in combating antimicrobial resistance.

title: Containment of a country-wide outbreak of XXXX -resistant @entity3274 in Israeli hospitals via a nationally implemented intervention.

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection-control policies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During 2006, Israeli hospitals faced a clonal outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 that was not controlled by local measures. A nationwide intervention was launched to contain the outbreak and to introduce a strategy to control future dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals. METHODS: In March 2007, the Ministry of Health issued guidelines mandating physical separation of hospitalized carriers of @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and dedicated staffing and appointed a professional task force charged with containment. The task force paid site visits at acute-care hospitals, evaluated @entity281 and laboratory methods, supervised adherence to the guidelines via daily census reports on carriers and their conditions of isolation, provided daily feedback on performance to hospital directors, and intervened additionally when necessary. The initial intervention period was 1 April 2007-31 May 2008. The primary outcome measure was incidence of clinically diagnosed nosocomial CRE cases. RESULTS: By 31 March 2007, 1275 @entity1 were affected in 27 hospitals (175 cases per 1 million population). Prior to the intervention, the monthly incidence of nosocomial CRE was 55.5 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -days. With the intervention, the continuous increase in the incidence of CRE acquisition was halted, and by May 2008, the number of new monthly cases was reduced to 11.7 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -days (P<.001). There was a direct correlation between compliance with isolation guidelines and success in containment of transmission (P=.02). Compliance neutralized the effect of carrier prevalence on new incidence (P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: A centrally coordinated intervention succeeded in containing a nationwide CRE outbreak after local measures failed. The intervention demonstrates the importance of strategic planning and national oversight in combating antimicrobial resistance.

title: Containment of a country-wide outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant XXXX in Israeli hospitals via a nationally implemented intervention.

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: Persistence of @entity4264 ( @entity4264 ) is an uncommon finding during pacemaker implantation, which may be particularly relevant in performing LV transvenous pacing. Rarely, it is further complicated by the presence of @entity301 (CSO). This article reports the authors experience with biventricular pacing ( @entity3032 -P) in this unusual clinical setting. From October 1999 to April 2002, 158 @entity1 underwent biventricular pacing. In four of them (mean age 62.2 years), the presence of a persistent @entity4264 draining into the coronary sinus (CS) was detected at implantation, associated with @entity1146 of the CSO in two @entity1 . A common characteristic was the angiographic finding of a large CS with few tributaries. The LV leads were successfully positioned in the middle cardiac vein in three @entity1 and in a posterolateral vein in one @entity1 . All vessels were large and their cannulation via downstream CS catheterization required the lead to be manipulated through sharp angles. Mean fluoroscopic exposure and procedural times were not significantly different from the overall @entity3032 -P population. In all @entity1 , at a mean follow-up of 11 months, sensing and capture threshold remained stable and a significant decrease in NYHA functional class and increase in LVEF were noted. The direct lead placement in large CS tributaries in the presence of persistent @entity4264 was feasible and safe. The leads remained stable up to a mean follow-up of nearly 1 year.

title: Biventricular pacing via a persistent XXXX : report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava', 'LSVC']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['atresia of the coronary sinus ostium']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['left superior vena cava']


abstract: Laboratory models show that the beta-blocker, @entity1169 , can inhibit @entity1063 -induced @entity0 cell migration. We hypothesised that @entity0 @entity1 receiving beta-blockers for @entity101 would show reduced @entity3 and improved clinical outcome. Three @entity1 subgroups were identified from the medical records of 466 consecutive female @entity1 (median age 57, range 28-71) with operable @entity0 and follow-up (>10 years). Two subgroups comprised 43 and 49 @entity101 @entity1 treated with beta-blockers or other antihypertensives respectively, prior to @entity5 diagnosis. 374 @entity1 formed a non- @entity101 control group. @entity3 development, @entity5 recurrence and hazards risk were statistically compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to model survival and @entity3918 . Beta-blocker treated @entity1 showed a significant reduction in @entity3 development (p=0.026), @entity5 recurrence (p=0.001), and longer disease free interval (p=0.01). In addition, there was a 57% reduced risk of @entity3 (Hazards ratio=0.430; 95% CI=0.200-0.926, p=0.031), and a 71% reduction in @entity0 mortality after 10 years (Hazards ratio=0.291; 95% CI=0.119-0.715, p=0.007). This proof-of-principle study showed beta-blocker therapy significantly reduces distant @entity3 , @entity5 recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity0 @entity1 suggesting a novel role for beta-blocker therapy. A larger epidemiological study leading to randomised clinical trials is needed for breast and other @entity5 types including colon, prostate and ovary.

title: Beta-blocker drug therapy reduces secondary @entity5 formation in XXXX and improves @entity5 specific survival.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['disease free interval, tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Laboratory models show that the beta-blocker, @entity1169 , can inhibit @entity1063 -induced @entity0 cell migration. We hypothesised that @entity0 @entity1 receiving beta-blockers for @entity101 would show reduced @entity3 and improved clinical outcome. Three @entity1 subgroups were identified from the medical records of 466 consecutive female @entity1 (median age 57, range 28-71) with operable @entity0 and follow-up (>10 years). Two subgroups comprised 43 and 49 @entity101 @entity1 treated with beta-blockers or other antihypertensives respectively, prior to @entity5 diagnosis. 374 @entity1 formed a non- @entity101 control group. @entity3 development, @entity5 recurrence and hazards risk were statistically compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to model survival and @entity3918 . Beta-blocker treated @entity1 showed a significant reduction in @entity3 development (p=0.026), @entity5 recurrence (p=0.001), and longer disease free interval (p=0.01). In addition, there was a 57% reduced risk of @entity3 (Hazards ratio=0.430; 95% CI=0.200-0.926, p=0.031), and a 71% reduction in @entity0 mortality after 10 years (Hazards ratio=0.291; 95% CI=0.119-0.715, p=0.007). This proof-of-principle study showed beta-blocker therapy significantly reduces distant @entity3 , @entity5 recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity0 @entity1 suggesting a novel role for beta-blocker therapy. A larger epidemiological study leading to randomised clinical trials is needed for breast and other @entity5 types including colon, prostate and ovary.

title: Beta-blocker drug therapy reduces secondary XXXX formation in @entity0 and improves @entity5 specific survival.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Laboratory models show that the beta-blocker, @entity1169 , can inhibit @entity1063 -induced @entity0 cell migration. We hypothesised that @entity0 @entity1 receiving beta-blockers for @entity101 would show reduced @entity3 and improved clinical outcome. Three @entity1 subgroups were identified from the medical records of 466 consecutive female @entity1 (median age 57, range 28-71) with operable @entity0 and follow-up (>10 years). Two subgroups comprised 43 and 49 @entity101 @entity1 treated with beta-blockers or other antihypertensives respectively, prior to @entity5 diagnosis. 374 @entity1 formed a non- @entity101 control group. @entity3 development, @entity5 recurrence and hazards risk were statistically compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to model survival and @entity3918 . Beta-blocker treated @entity1 showed a significant reduction in @entity3 development (p=0.026), @entity5 recurrence (p=0.001), and longer disease free interval (p=0.01). In addition, there was a 57% reduced risk of @entity3 (Hazards ratio=0.430; 95% CI=0.200-0.926, p=0.031), and a 71% reduction in @entity0 mortality after 10 years (Hazards ratio=0.291; 95% CI=0.119-0.715, p=0.007). This proof-of-principle study showed beta-blocker therapy significantly reduces distant @entity3 , @entity5 recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity0 @entity1 suggesting a novel role for beta-blocker therapy. A larger epidemiological study leading to randomised clinical trials is needed for breast and other @entity5 types including colon, prostate and ovary.

title: Beta-blocker drug therapy reduces secondary @entity5 formation in @entity0 and improves XXXX specific survival.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for metastatic @entity96 . Therapeutic guidelines for treatment of @entity14 are well defined, but it remains difficult to establish therapeutic guidelines for heterogeneous group of noncolorectal liver metastases. METHODS: 20 @entity1 with liver metastases of different origin were preoperatively indicated for multimodal therapy and were operated between 1998-2002 at our department. All @entity1 could be divided in 4 homogenous groups according to origin of primary @entity5 . Group of metastatic @entity5 , @entity0 , digestive @entity5 and a group of different @entity5 . Preoperative assessing of metastatic extent allowed application of multimodal strategy to each @entity1 . RESULTS: 26 multimodal procedures (6 hemihepatectomies, 6 nonanatomical resections, 4 segmentectomies and bisegmentectomies, 5 implantation of port catheter, 5 cytodestructive procedures) were performed at 20 @entity1 . There were no perioperative @entity204 . @entity260 was seen in 20% of @entity1 . Actuarial survival rates were 65%, 35% and 15% at 1, 2 and 3 years with median survival 15.6 month. CONCLUSION: Low morbidity and satisfactory survival rates justify a multimodal approach to the surgical management of noncolorectal liver metastases.

title: [Surgical treatment of liver metastases of non- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer to the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Grawitz tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: Despite a remarkable regenerative capacity, recovery of the @entity1 olfactory epithelium can fail in severely injured areas, which subsequently reconstitute as aneuronal respiratory epithelium ( @entity4648 ). We contrasted the cellular response of areas of the @entity35 epithelium that recover as olfactory after @entity5495 lesion with those undergoing respiratory @entity4648 in order to identify stem cells that restore lesioned epithelium as olfactory. Ventral olfactory epithelium is at particular risk for @entity4648 after lesion and patches of it are rendered acellular by @entity5495 exposure. In contrast, @entity5702 ( @entity5702 , marked by staining with GBC-2) are preserved in surrounding ventral areas and uniformly throughout dorsal epithelium, which consistently and completely recovers as olfactory after lesion. Over the next few days, neurons reappear, but only in those areas in which @entity5702 are preserved and multiply. In contrast, parts of the epithelium in which @entity5702 are destroyed are repopulated in part by Bowman's gland cells, which pile up above the basal lamina. Electron microscopy confirms the reciprocity between gland cells and @entity5702 . By 14 days after lesion, the areas that are undergoing @entity4648 are repopulated by typical respiratory epithelial cells. As horizontal basal cells are eliminated from all parts of the ventral epithelium, the data suggest that GBC-2(+) cells are ultimately responsible for regenerating olfactory neuroepithelium. In contrast, GLA-13(+) cells may give rise to respiratory metaplastic epithelium where @entity5702 are eliminated. Thus, we support the idea that a subpopulation of @entity5702 is the neural stem cell of the olfactory epithelium.

title: Globose basal cells are required for reconstitution of olfactory epithelium after XXXX lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['GBCs', 'globose basal cells']

entities_list: @entity5495 :: ('MESH:C005218', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl bromide']

answer: @entity5495 :: (MESH:C005218,Chemical) :: ['methyl bromide']


abstract: This study deals with the changes in temporary hearing threshold ( @entity13191 ), upright body posture sway amplitudes in the X and Y direction, heart rate (HR), R-wave amplitude (RWA), systolic ( @entity13519 ) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP) and the index characterizing haemodynamic activity (HDI), when the subjects were exposed to noise alone, to vibrations alone or to simultaneous noise and vibrations. The experiments were carried out in an exposure chamber and the number of exposure combinations was 12. Seven healthy, male students volunteered as subjects, making a total number of 84 experiments. For each @entity1 the experiment consisted of a 30-min control period, five consecutive 16-min exposures, between which there was a 4-min measuring interval, and a 15-min recovery period. The noise was broadband (bandwidth 0.2-16.0 kHz) A-weighted (white) noise. The noise categories were: (1) no noise and (2) noise with an intensity of 90 dBA. The categories of low-frequency whole body vibration in the direction of the Z-axis were: (1) vibration within the range 4.4-5.6 Hz, (2) vibration within the range 2.8-5.6 Hz, (3) @entity10795 with a frequency of 5 Hz. The (rms) acceleration in all the vibration models was 2.12 m/s2. The results showed that the @entity13191 values at 4 and 6 kHz increased as a result of simultaneous exposure to noise and vibration significantly more than as a result of exposure to noise alone. The @entity13191 values increased more intensely during the first 16-min exposure. The means of the variances in the amplitudes of body upright posture sway changed not only after exposures to vibration alone, but also after exposure to noise alone. The means of the sway variances in the X and Y directions at 0.1 Hz and within the range 0.06 to 2.00 Hz increased only when the vibration in the noise-vibration combination was sinusoidal. The changes in the heart rate, R-wave amplitude and blood pressure values also depended on the bandwidth of the vibration, the number of consecutive exposures and on whether the subjects were simultaneously exposed to noise in addition to vibration. As a rule, the effects of sinusoidal vibration differed from those due to stochastic vibrations.

title: Bioresponses in XXXX after repeated exposures to single and simultaneous sinusoidal or stochastic whole body vibrations of varying bandwidths and noise.

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['vibration within the range 2.8-11.2 Hz, (4) vibration within the range 1.4-11.2 Hz and (5) sinusoidal vibration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity547 and @entity4438 dehiscence are associated with significant postoperative morbidity. Electrosurgical devices using pulsed radiofrequency energy and a novel electrode design markedly reduce thermal injury during cutting and coagulation while maintaining equal surgical performance. In this study, we examine @entity4438 healing dynamics in a @entity35 model following incision with a pulsed radiofrequency energy device (PRE), a conventional electrosurgical device, and a standard "cold" scalpel. We hypothesize that incisions made with the pulsed radiofrequency energy device will result in a superior @entity4438 healing profile compared with conventional electrosurgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full thickness surgical incisions were created in @entity35 fascia using a commercially available PRE device, conventional electrosurgery, and a scalpel. Harvested @entity4438 specimens were analyzed for burst strength testing and healing-associated histologic characteristics at d 7, 14, 21, and 42. RESULTS: PRE incisions were fully healed by 6 wk with normal tissue architecture. By all measures, wounds created by the PRE device were comparable to those made with the standard scalpel. Compared with PRE, conventional electrosurgery incisions exhibited a larger zone of tissue injury (68% greater in Coag mode, P < 0.0001; 46% greater in Cut mode, P < 0.001), an increased inflammatory response and a less favorable wound architecture. In the immediate postoperative period (1 wk), burst strength testing demonstrated that @entity4438 were significantly stronger than those made by electrosurgery in Coag mode (318%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The favorable @entity4438 healing profile of the PRE device suggests that it is a promising new surgical technology. The early improved strength of wounds made with this device is of particular interest, as wound dehiscence is of greatest concern early in the healing process.

title: Comparative healing of XXXX fascia following incision with three surgical instruments.

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial', 'PRE fascial wounds']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) in correcting corneal @entity940 during @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. METHODS: In 115 eyes of 94 @entity1 (mean age 69 years +/- 12 [SD]), @entity231 surgery was combined with PCRIs. The PCRIs were created according to a nomogram based on age and preoperative keratometric @entity940 . Postoperative keratometric @entity940 was measured at 1 day and 1 and 4 months. Vector analyses using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch formula and Alpins method were performed. RESULTS: The PCRIs significantly decreased keratometric @entity940 in @entity1 with preexisting with-the rule (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) @entity940 and increased the percentage of the eyes with lower keratometric @entity940 in each group. Four months postoperatively in @entity1 with WTR @entity940 , single and paired 6.0 mm PCRIs induced mean with-the-wound minus against-the-wound changes (WTW-ATW) of -0.55 diopter (D) and -1.18 D, respectively. In eyes with ATR @entity940 , the mean WTW-ATW changes induced by single 4.5 mm, single 6.0 mm, and paired 6.0 mm PCRIs were -2.18 D, -2.02 D, and -2.72 D, respectively. These mean WTW-ATW changes did not significantly regress from 1 day to 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral corneal relaxing incisions were effective in reducing preexisting @entity940 during @entity231 surgery. A modified nomogram is proposed. The long-term effect of PCRIs should be evaluated.

title: Peripheral corneal relaxing incisions combined with XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: There is little information in the literature on outcomes using @entity632 -based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for early-stage @entity3191 . The purpose of this study was to analyze The University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center results in such @entity1 . From 1985 to 1998, 39 @entity1 with Stage I or II World Health Organization classification @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ; n = 20), @entity3191 , unspecified (PTCLu; n = 11), or nasal-type NK/ @entity784 (NKTCL; n = 8) were treated using @entity632 -based chemotherapy (median, 6 cycles) with (n = 24) or without (n = 15) radiotherapy (median dose, 40 Gy). Median age was 41 years. Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 85 months. Even though @entity1 who presented with bulky disease or who achieved less than a complete response to chemotherapy were the ones typically treated with combined modality therapy rather than chemotherapy alone, there was no significant difference in local control (5-year rates: 60 vs. 70%, p = 0.49), progression-free survival (5-year rates: 65 vs. 60%, p = 0.62), or overall survival (5-year rates: 74 vs. 67%, p = 0.47) between the groups treated with combined modality therapy and chemotherapy alone. Fifteen (38%) @entity1 relapsed. Twelve relapses were limited to the initial site of disease; two involved the initial site and new sites, and one involved only new sites. Based on the significant risk of relapse at the initial site of disease, different approaches, including chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy to doses > or = 45 Gy, warrant investigation.

title: Outcomes using @entity632 -based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: There is little information in the literature on outcomes using @entity632 -based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for early-stage @entity3191 . The purpose of this study was to analyze The University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center results in such @entity1 . From 1985 to 1998, 39 @entity1 with Stage I or II World Health Organization classification @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ; n = 20), @entity3191 , unspecified (PTCLu; n = 11), or nasal-type NK/ @entity784 (NKTCL; n = 8) were treated using @entity632 -based chemotherapy (median, 6 cycles) with (n = 24) or without (n = 15) radiotherapy (median dose, 40 Gy). Median age was 41 years. Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 85 months. Even though @entity1 who presented with bulky disease or who achieved less than a complete response to chemotherapy were the ones typically treated with combined modality therapy rather than chemotherapy alone, there was no significant difference in local control (5-year rates: 60 vs. 70%, p = 0.49), progression-free survival (5-year rates: 65 vs. 60%, p = 0.62), or overall survival (5-year rates: 74 vs. 67%, p = 0.47) between the groups treated with combined modality therapy and chemotherapy alone. Fifteen (38%) @entity1 relapsed. Twelve relapses were limited to the initial site of disease; two involved the initial site and new sites, and one involved only new sites. Based on the significant risk of relapse at the initial site of disease, different approaches, including chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy to doses > or = 45 Gy, warrant investigation.

title: Outcomes using XXXX -based chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for early-stage @entity3191 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity409 can lead to the formation of a @entity6437 that can pose a diagnostic challenge. To better understand the full clinicopathologic spectrum of this @entity6437 , 18 cases were studied. Ages at presentation ranged from 14 to 91 years (median, 63 y) with a modest female- @entity1 predominance (13 of 18, 72%). Upper right quadrant @entity490 was the most common clinical presentation (14 of 18, 78%), and all the cases were mass lesions. The majority of cases were subcapsular (15 of 18, 83%) and ranged in size from 1.8 to 10.0 cm. All the cases contained abnormally thick-walled and often thrombosed vessels, with both arteries and veins affected. @entity1125 were a common finding (7 of 18, 39%). Examination of the entire series of cases suggested a sequence of changes, with @entity75 (n = 4) composed of collapsed hepatic parenchyma with preservation of portal areas, occasional islands of residual hepatocytes, and brisk bile ductular proliferation. These cases showed very mild @entity2652 . Other cases (n = 10) showed little or no ductular proliferation but had increased levels of @entity2652 . More advanced lesions (n = 3) were composed almost solely of @entity2652 with small scattered islands of unremarkable hepatocytes, whereas an end-stage lesion (n = 1) was a discrete nodule of @entity82 . In conclusion, segmental @entity194 of the liver is typically subcapsular, and is strongly associated with @entity1317 . The lesion has multiple stages ranging from parenchymal collapse, to @entity2652 , to nodular @entity82 . Recognizing the various morphologies will aid in proper diagnosis.

title: XXXX : a distinctive @entity6437 of the liver with variable histologic appearances.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis', 'nodular elastosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Segmental atrophy of the liver']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary cysts']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Segmental atrophy of the liver']


abstract: @entity409 can lead to the formation of a @entity6437 that can pose a diagnostic challenge. To better understand the full clinicopathologic spectrum of this @entity6437 , 18 cases were studied. Ages at presentation ranged from 14 to 91 years (median, 63 y) with a modest female- @entity1 predominance (13 of 18, 72%). Upper right quadrant @entity490 was the most common clinical presentation (14 of 18, 78%), and all the cases were mass lesions. The majority of cases were subcapsular (15 of 18, 83%) and ranged in size from 1.8 to 10.0 cm. All the cases contained abnormally thick-walled and often thrombosed vessels, with both arteries and veins affected. @entity1125 were a common finding (7 of 18, 39%). Examination of the entire series of cases suggested a sequence of changes, with @entity75 (n = 4) composed of collapsed hepatic parenchyma with preservation of portal areas, occasional islands of residual hepatocytes, and brisk bile ductular proliferation. These cases showed very mild @entity2652 . Other cases (n = 10) showed little or no ductular proliferation but had increased levels of @entity2652 . More advanced lesions (n = 3) were composed almost solely of @entity2652 with small scattered islands of unremarkable hepatocytes, whereas an end-stage lesion (n = 1) was a discrete nodule of @entity82 . In conclusion, segmental @entity194 of the liver is typically subcapsular, and is strongly associated with @entity1317 . The lesion has multiple stages ranging from parenchymal collapse, to @entity2652 , to nodular @entity82 . Recognizing the various morphologies will aid in proper diagnosis.

title: @entity409 : a distinctive XXXX of the liver with variable histologic appearances.

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['pseudotumor']


abstract: @entity14 is an uncommon entity with ill-defined clinicopathologic characteristics. We describe the clinicopathology of 23 new cases and review 67 previously reported cases. Clinically, @entity1 (mean age, 61.9 y; male: female, 1.0:1.1) presented with a positive fecal occult blood test or visible @entity548 (44%), @entity490 or change in bowel movement pattern (25%), @entity1744 (19%), or @entity353 (19%). Endoscopically, the @entity5 presented as a polypoid lesion (57%), a @entity66 (30%), or an ulcerating lesion (9%). @entity5 were located in the right colon (56%), transverse colon (3%), and left colon (41%). Surgical resection was the treatment of choice in 83% of cases. After follow-up for an average of 20 months, the @entity5 -related @entity204 rate was 68%. Histologically, 42% were classified as composite @entity5 and 58% were classified as collision @entity5 . An @entity2513 , and then @entity189 to @entity5 progression through the APC/ @entity3546 pathway was seen in a majority of cases. Both the glandular and the neuroendocrine components of the @entity5 can show a spectrum of differentiation, and each component can @entity3 separately regardless of its percentage volume. On the basis of the combined analysis of the pathologic spectrum and the clinical behavior of our series and previously reported cases, we propose a new classification system that reflects the differentiation of each component in @entity14 to facilitate uniform reporting and to better predict its clinical behavior.

title: XXXX : pathologic spectrum and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'mixed tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor', 'colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma to carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal glandular-neuroendocrine mixed tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum of pathological lesions in percutaneous renal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and to compare our findings with reported literature. DESIGN: A single center based retrospective observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi over a period of seven years (April 1995 to April 2002). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All the @entity1 with @entity810 who presented to the emergency ward of SIUT between April 1995 and April, 2002 and in whom renal biopsy was performed, were included in this study. @entity1 's demographic and clinical data were collected from a review of @entity1 's original surgical biopsy reports and case files. Pathological diagnosis was retrieved from a review of biopsy reports. Renal biopsies were received in 10% buffered @entity406 and processed for @entity982 embedding and subsequent histopathological examination under the light microscope. RESULTS: A total of 158 @entity1 were studied. Of these 57 were males and 101 females. Mean age of the @entity1 in this series was 30.7 years with a range of 6 to 75 years. Of these 61(38.6%) had @entity4295 , 36 (22.7%) acute cortical @entity39 and 49(31%) @entity1 had various types of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Eight @entity1 (5%) had acute @entity1986 , 3 (1.8%) acute @entity2885 and one @entity1 had @entity2583 . CONCLUSION: This study showed that even in the selected population of biopsied @entity810 cases, there was a high prevalence of @entity8 . A substantial number of cases in unexplained @entity810 on renal biopsy were due to various forms of @entity631 .

title: Spectrum of pathological lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: The Impella microaxial-flow pump can directly unload left ventricle (LV) in cases of @entity712 . Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is widely used for circulatory support. Although the clinical effectiveness of ECMO has been demonstrated, insufficient @entity5707 may not be advantageous for myocardial recovery. The objective was to compare ventricular loading reduction and reversibility of @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) with either Impella or ECMO. Six @entity235 were used. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was established by the femoral artery and right atrium. The Impella LD was inserted in LV by the ascending aorta. An acute failing heart was created by sequential coronary artery ligations. Pressure-volume (PV) relationships were acquired without a device and with @entity519 . When @entity2224 occurred, direct cardioversion was performed while supported by either @entity519 . The PV area, which is a measure of ventricular unloading and is correlated with myocardial @entity26 consumption, decreased more with Impella than with ECMO. Successful defibrillation was achieved more effectively while under Impella support. Superior ventricular unloading with the Impella device may provide higher recovery potential to damaged hearts than ECMO and may have a significant impact not only on intensive care of @entity1 with @entity712 but also on resuscitation.

title: Left ventricular mechanical support with Impella provides more ventricular unloading in XXXX than extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['ECMO or Impella']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV loading reduction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To detail the spectrum of eye manifestations in @entity12040 and factors predisposing to its development. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 61 @entity1 with proven @entity12040 who were identified during a 16-month period were evaluated for disease- and treatment-related eye manifestations. A fundus @entity941 angiography examination was performed where indicated and with the @entity1 consent. RESULTS: The mean (  standard deviation) duration of illness before ophthalmic evaluation was 55    69 months. @entity227 was the most common ocular symptom (30%). Thirty-five @entity1 underwent fundus @entity941 angiography examination. @entity989 was seen in 9 (15%), @entity63 in 4 (7%), and @entity101 retinopathy in 10 (16%) @entity1 . The most common treatment-related ocular complication was @entity134 -induced @entity231 (23%). Other manifestations included @entity1539 (n = 3), @entity6810 (n = 2), @entity134 -induced @entity726 (n = 1), @entity2297 (n = 1), and @entity1596 (n = 1). Those manifesting @entity989 and @entity63 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood pressure in both upper limbs compared with @entity1 not manifesting @entity63 . A significant (P < 0.03) proportion of @entity1 with @entity989 and @entity63 had a nonrecordable right upper limb blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Disease- and treatment-related ocular complications are not infrequent in @entity12040 . @entity3468 involving the aortic arch and its branches favors the development of @entity63 .

title: Ocular manifestations of XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ocular complications', 'ischemic retinopathy', 'ocular ischemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['Arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: Two common chronic @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1723 ( @entity1723 )-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central roles. In this study, we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for @entity66 independently of @entity1723 association. For this purpose, we studied 36 @entity1 with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 @entity1 with active @entity66 , including 12 @entity1 with @entity1723 . In samples from the small-bowel mucosa, we detected the lowest expression of @entity11178 ( @entity11178 ) mRNA in @entity66 @entity1 with @entity1723 , indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these samples displayed the highest expression of @entity403 ( @entity403 ) mRNA, a marker for regulatory T cells, as compared with other @entity1 groups. At the same time, serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the @entity66 -related antigens deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) were the highest in @entity66 @entity1 with @entity1723 . In contrast, no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for @entity291 beta-lactoglobulin or @entity32190 @entity32190 -derived proteins. There were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between @entity1 and control individuals. Our results show that @entity1 with @entity1723 and newly detected @entity66 exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability, strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small bowel. Further study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this @entity66 subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors ( @entity778 ), unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

title: Celiac disease in @entity1 with XXXX : a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11178 :: ('7082', 'Gene') :: ['tight junction protein 1', 'TJP1']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infections']

entities_list: @entity32190 :: ('1680', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium adolescentis', 'DSM 20083']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['childhood diseases-celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: Two common chronic @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1723 ( @entity1723 )-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure, alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central roles. In this study, we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for @entity66 independently of @entity1723 association. For this purpose, we studied 36 @entity1 with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 @entity1 with active @entity66 , including 12 @entity1 with @entity1723 . In samples from the small-bowel mucosa, we detected the lowest expression of @entity11178 ( @entity11178 ) mRNA in @entity66 @entity1 with @entity1723 , indicating an increase in intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these samples displayed the highest expression of @entity403 ( @entity403 ) mRNA, a marker for regulatory T cells, as compared with other @entity1 groups. At the same time, serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the @entity66 -related antigens deamidated gliadin and @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) were the highest in @entity66 @entity1 with @entity1723 . In contrast, no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for @entity291 beta-lactoglobulin or @entity32190 @entity32190 -derived proteins. There were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between @entity1 and control individuals. Our results show that @entity1 with @entity1723 and newly detected @entity66 exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability, strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small bowel. Further study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this @entity66 subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors ( @entity778 ), unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

title: Celiac disease in XXXX with @entity1723 : a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity1 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity72482 in @entity4654 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity72483 in @entity15588 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity30 @entity1 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity4654 and @entity15588 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of @entity4654 and XXXX Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity15588 :: (10758,Gene) :: ['TRAF3IP2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity1 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity72482 in @entity4654 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity72483 in @entity15588 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity30 @entity1 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity4654 and @entity15588 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of @entity4654 and @entity15588 Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against XXXX .

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 @entity1 were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of @entity72482 in @entity4654 , and a C/C or C/A genotype of @entity72483 in @entity15588 , independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder @entity30 @entity1 with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. @entity4654 and @entity15588 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.

title: Genetic Polymorphisms of XXXX and @entity15588 Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against @entity30 .

answer: @entity4654 :: (112744,Gene) :: ['IL-17F']


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity1 without a history of sustained @entity1165 , @entity1296 or @entity1163 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity1 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity1 who survived an episode of @entity583 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity1 died. Six of these @entity1 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity1164 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity1164 . Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 was documented in 10 @entity1 (2.6%). Only one @entity1 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity1165 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 could be predicted in @entity1 in the early postmyocardial @entity1188 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity1165 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity1165 at rates below 270 beats @entity1009 and interval after @entity583 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity1 at risk of @entity1165 after @entity583 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible @entity1165 as a marker for XXXX after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity1 without a history of sustained @entity1165 , @entity1296 or @entity1163 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity1 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity1 who survived an episode of @entity583 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity1 died. Six of these @entity1 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity1164 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity1164 . Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 was documented in 10 @entity1 (2.6%). Only one @entity1 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity1165 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 could be predicted in @entity1 in the early postmyocardial @entity1188 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity1165 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity1165 at rates below 270 beats @entity1009 and interval after @entity583 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity1 at risk of @entity1165 after @entity583 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible XXXX as a marker for @entity1165 after @entity583 .

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: To assess the predictive value of ventricular late potentials and programmed ventricular stimulation, 379 @entity1 without a history of sustained @entity1165 , @entity1296 or @entity1163 were studied prospectively. Group I included @entity1 referred for coronary angiography. Group II consisted of @entity1 who survived an episode of @entity583 and who were studied within 6 weeks after onset. During follow-up (mean 13 months), 16 @entity1 died. Six of these @entity1 died suddenly within one hour. The prevalence of @entity1164 was lower (0.8%) in group I compared to group II (3.0%). There was no correlation between results of both methods and the subsequent occurrence of @entity1164 . Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 was documented in 10 @entity1 (2.6%). Only one @entity1 in group I later developed symptomatic sustained @entity1165 in contrast to nine cases in group II. Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 could be predicted in @entity1 in the early postmyocardial @entity1188 period (group II). By using various combinations of parameters, the highest predictive value for subsequent sustained @entity1165 was reached by the following combination: Late potentials of 40 ms duration or more, induction of monomorphic sustained @entity1165 at rates below 270 beats @entity1009 and interval after @entity583 less than 6 weeks. In conclusion, both techniques seemed to be promising for the identification of @entity1 at risk of @entity1165 after @entity583 .

title: Ventricular late potentials and inducible @entity1165 as a marker for @entity1165 after XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIMS: To develop an in vitro tool for assessing the efficacy and @entity137 of anticancer drugs using mixed culture containing both @entity5 and non- @entity5 cells. Such in vitro tool should have high application potential in drug-screening and personalized @entity5 care. METHODS: Fibroblasts were spiked as non- @entity5 cells into @entity5 cells of an established line. The mixed culture was treated with a test drug at various concentrations. After the treatment, DNA was prepared directly from the survived adhesive cells in the wells of the 96-well plates using a simple and inexpensive method, and subjected to digital PCR for measuring relative copy numbers of a target gene @entity1265 to that of a reference gene @entity50001 . The @entity1265 gene is known to be heterozygously deleted in these @entity5 cells while the @entity50001 gene has two @entity5 and non- @entity5 cells. Using the @entity1265 / @entity50001 ratios resulting from the dual digital PCR assay, the proportions of @entity5 cells were calculated for each drug concentration. RESULTS: Digital PCR confirmed that the @entity5 cells have only one copy of the @entity1265 gene while the non- @entity5 fibroblasts have two copies. By contrast, both types of cells have two copies of the reference gene @entity50001 . Using the ratio of the two genes, we successfully calculated the proportion of @entity5 cells which decreased as the dose of the test drug increased up to a certain concentration, indicating that the drug is more effective for the @entity5 cells than for the non- @entity5 cells in this dose-range. At the highest dose, we observed a slight increase in the proportion of @entity5 cells, likely reflecting the toxic effect of the @entity5 and non- @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a genetic- and cell-based tool for testing efficacy and @entity137 of anticancer drugs in vitro. The promising results suggest that additional efforts are merited, for further development since such a tool will likely have high application potential (1) in drug discovery where it enables simultaneously assessing therapeutic effect on target cells and toxic effect on non-target cells, and (2) in personalized adjuvant chemotherapy where multiple drugs can be tested in primary cultures derived from surgically removed @entity5 .

title: A novel genetic- and cell-based tool for assessing the efficacy and XXXX of anticancer drugs in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'drug on both tumor', 'copies in both tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']