abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that @entity1082 is an etiologic agent for a subset of @entity135 associated with better prognosis, therefore, prompt confirmation of such etiology seems to be crucial for choosing the optimal therapeutic option. Standard HPV diagnosis is currently based on histopathological material. In the present study, the novel diagnostic method based on pharyngeal brush biopsy is proposed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Real-Time PCR-based (RT-PCR) test in detecting HPV-related @entity5 of the oropharynx using superficial scraps taken from the oropharyngeal region. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety @entity1 with head and neck @entity1544 were enrolled in the study. The presence of HPV DNA in pharyngeal superficial scrapes assessed by RT-PCR was compared to the HPV status in the @entity5 tissue samples determined by a combined RT-PCR/ @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression algorithm. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were calculated and the clinical outcome was analyzed in correlation to the HPV status. RESULTS: HR-HPV DNA in pharyngeal swabs was revealed in 25 cases (28.4%) and simultaneously confirmed in all corresponding tissue samples. Sensitivity and specificity of the viral status assessment in the brush biopsies in respect to the RT-PCR/ @entity986 ( @entity986 ) 20 were 100% and 96.2%, respectively. HR-HPV positive status was associated with an excellent clinical outcome and reduced hazard ratio of recurrence and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The proposed novel method of HPV status assessment using RT-PCR and superficial scraps appeared to be highly sensitive, specific, and useful in predicting the clinical outcome.

title: @entity1082 DNA in pharyngeal scrapes as a marker of HPV-related XXXX of the oropharynx.

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel @entity683 H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) strain emerged in 2009, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. It is not known whether illness associated with A(H1N1) pdm09 in the post-pandemic era exhibits a similar disease profile. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to compare the burden of disease of A(H1N1) pdm09 @entity683 from the 2009 pandemic year to the post-pandemic years (2010-2014), and to explore potential reasons for any differences. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of inpatients admitted to @entity1 's Hospital Colorado with a positive respiratory specimen for @entity683 from May-December, 2009 and December, 2010-April, 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the demographics and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with H1N1 during the two periods. RESULTS: There were 388 inpatients with @entity683 (H1N1) pdm09 in 2009, and 117 during the post-pandemic years. Ninety-four percent of all H1N1 during the post-pandemic era was observed during the 2013-2014 @entity683 season. @entity1 with A(H1N1) pdm09 during the post-pandemic year were less likely to have an underlying medical condition (P<0.01). @entity1 admitted to the ICU during the post-pandemic year had a lower median age (5 vs 8 years, P=0.01) and a lower proportion of @entity1 were intubated, had mental status changes, and @entity649 compared with the pandemic years, (P<0.01 for all), with decreased mortality (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity683 (H1N1) pdm09 during the post-pandemic years appeared to have less severe disease than @entity1 with A(H1N1) pdm09 during the pandemic year. The reasons for this difference are likely multifactorial.

title: A comparison of H1N1 XXXX among pediatric inpatients in the pandemic and post pandemic era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are clinical subgroups that may have different prognoses among @entity827 @entity1 . METHODS: The cumulative clinical features of a large group of @entity827 @entity1 [1168 @entity1 , 593 (50.8%) male, mean age 35.3 years (s.d. 12.4)] were studied. To analyse our data and identify groups of @entity827 @entity1 with similar clinical characteristics, a two-step cluster analysis using log-likelihood distance measures was performed. For clustering the @entity827 @entity1 , we evaluated the following variables: gender, current age, age at symptom onset, age at diagnosis, presence of major clinical features, variables related with therapy and family history for @entity827 , @entity177 and carriage of @entity16502 . RESULTS: Three distinct groups of @entity827 @entity1 were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by a high prevalence of @entity625 , @entity5641 , @entity13171 -like erythema (ELE) and @entity925 . The dosage of @entity3812 and the frequency of @entity2783 were lower in cluster 1. @entity1 in cluster 2 had an earlier age of disease onset and diagnosis. @entity16502 carriage and @entity2783 prevalence were the highest in cluster 2. This group of @entity1 was using the highest dose of @entity3812 . @entity1 in cluster 3 had the lowest prevalence of @entity625 , ELE and @entity925 . The frequencies of @entity16502 carriage and @entity2783 were lower in cluster 3 than the overall @entity827 @entity1 . Non-response to @entity3812 was also slightly lower in cluster 3. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity827 can be clustered into distinct patterns of clinical and genetic manifestations and these patterns may have different prognostic significance.

title: Different disease subtypes with distinct clinical expression in XXXX : results of a cluster analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['febrile myalgia']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, the prevalence of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and serum sexual hormone levels were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). In these @entity1 , the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was determined. The 207 @entity1 (mean age 44.0      11.1  years) enrolled in the study were stratified within four groups based on their @entity27 index score: simple snoring (n  =  32), mild @entity27 (n  =  29), moderate @entity27 (n  =  38), and severe @entity27 (n  =  108). The International Index of @entity323 -5 (IIEF-5) score was obtained from each @entity1 , and blood samples for the analysis of sexual hormones (prolactin, luteotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, @entity53 , @entity1871 , and @entity251 ) were drawn in the morning after polysomnography. The IIEF-5 test and serum sexual hormone measurements were repeated after 3  months of CPAP treatment in 53 @entity1 with severe @entity27 . The prevalence of @entity323 was 60.6  % in @entity27 @entity1 overall and 72.2  % in those with severe @entity27 . Compared with the simple snoring group, @entity1 with severe @entity27 had significantly lower @entity251 levels (14.06      5.62 vs. 17.02      4.68, p  =  .018) and lower IIEF-5 scores (16.33      6.50 vs. 24.09      1.94, p  =  .001). The differences in the other sexual hormones between groups were not significant. After 3  months of CPAP treatment, there were no significant changes in sexual hormone levels, but the IIEF-5 score had improved significantly (18.21      4.05 vs. 19.21      3.86, p  =  .001). Severe @entity27 @entity1 have low @entity251 concentration and high @entity323 prevalence. IIEF-5 scores increased significantly after CPAP treatment, but there was no effect on serum @entity251 levels.

title: XXXX and Sexual Hormone Levels in @entity1 With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED', 'Erectile Dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, the prevalence of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and serum sexual hormone levels were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). In these @entity1 , the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was determined. The 207 @entity1 (mean age 44.0      11.1  years) enrolled in the study were stratified within four groups based on their @entity27 index score: simple snoring (n  =  32), mild @entity27 (n  =  29), moderate @entity27 (n  =  38), and severe @entity27 (n  =  108). The International Index of @entity323 -5 (IIEF-5) score was obtained from each @entity1 , and blood samples for the analysis of sexual hormones (prolactin, luteotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, @entity53 , @entity1871 , and @entity251 ) were drawn in the morning after polysomnography. The IIEF-5 test and serum sexual hormone measurements were repeated after 3  months of CPAP treatment in 53 @entity1 with severe @entity27 . The prevalence of @entity323 was 60.6  % in @entity27 @entity1 overall and 72.2  % in those with severe @entity27 . Compared with the simple snoring group, @entity1 with severe @entity27 had significantly lower @entity251 levels (14.06      5.62 vs. 17.02      4.68, p  =  .018) and lower IIEF-5 scores (16.33      6.50 vs. 24.09      1.94, p  =  .001). The differences in the other sexual hormones between groups were not significant. After 3  months of CPAP treatment, there were no significant changes in sexual hormone levels, but the IIEF-5 score had improved significantly (18.21      4.05 vs. 19.21      3.86, p  =  .001). Severe @entity27 @entity1 have low @entity251 concentration and high @entity323 prevalence. IIEF-5 scores increased significantly after CPAP treatment, but there was no effect on serum @entity251 levels.

title: @entity323 and Sexual Hormone Levels in XXXX With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: 1. The molecular mass of @entity492 transcarbamoylase purified from @entity3505 germ was found to be 101kDa by @entity969 -density-gradient centrifugation, 103kDa by gel-filtration chromatography and 108kDa by @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. A mean value of 104 +/- 11kDa was obtained by pooling several replicate results from each method. 2. @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity214 indicated a single size of polypeptide chain of mean molecular mass 37 +/- 4kDa. The ratio of the mean molecular masses of the active and denatured enzymes is 2.8.3. When the active enzyme was covalently cross-linked at a low protein concentration by @entity13253 , and then examined electrophoretically under denaturing conditions, three size species were observed to predominate, of apparent molecular masses 36, 77 and 106kDa respectively. 4. These results indicate that the intact, fully regulatory enzyme is a simple trimer, slightly larger than the trimeric "catalytic subunit' of the @entity492 transcarbamoylase from @entity526 [Weber (1968) Nature (London) 218, 1116-1118]. The prevalence of trimeric structures amongst @entity21100 -transferase enzymes is discussed.

title: The quaternary structure of @entity3505 -germ XXXX transcarbamoylase.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity13253 :: ('MESH:D004120', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl suberimidate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity21100 :: ('CHEBI:23004', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamoyl']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: 1. The molecular mass of @entity492 transcarbamoylase purified from @entity3505 germ was found to be 101kDa by @entity969 -density-gradient centrifugation, 103kDa by gel-filtration chromatography and 108kDa by @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis. A mean value of 104 +/- 11kDa was obtained by pooling several replicate results from each method. 2. @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity214 indicated a single size of polypeptide chain of mean molecular mass 37 +/- 4kDa. The ratio of the mean molecular masses of the active and denatured enzymes is 2.8.3. When the active enzyme was covalently cross-linked at a low protein concentration by @entity13253 , and then examined electrophoretically under denaturing conditions, three size species were observed to predominate, of apparent molecular masses 36, 77 and 106kDa respectively. 4. These results indicate that the intact, fully regulatory enzyme is a simple trimer, slightly larger than the trimeric "catalytic subunit' of the @entity492 transcarbamoylase from @entity526 [Weber (1968) Nature (London) 218, 1116-1118]. The prevalence of trimeric structures amongst @entity21100 -transferase enzymes is discussed.

title: The quaternary structure of XXXX -germ @entity492 transcarbamoylase.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: The common @entity299 are prevalent throughout the world, in countries of high technology and among the primitive races. These same @entity600 were described 200 years ago, @entity34926 5,000 years ago. Their recent increase is directly related to the advent of cardiac treatment. Most @entity299 known to @entity1 occur in the @entity235 . The prevalence rate of these @entity600 is the same in the @entity235 and in @entity1 (5-8/1,000). Several of the @entity600 are heritable in specific breeds of @entity235 , one in @entity95 , another in @entity35 . These @entity600 occur in various animals that cannot interbreed. Hence the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that codes these @entity600 must lie in that portion of the DNA common to all mammals. This suggests that these @entity600 occurred during the evolution of the @entity1 . Mammals evolved from reptiles, animals with hearts of various structures for the @entity455 . Although the "normal" heart is the most compatible with @entity1 life and hence the most common, some mammals may have evolved with a heart with different structures for the @entity455 . Some of these hearts have persisted. These primeval hearts we call @entity299 of the cyanotic group. Malformations that apparently are arrests in the development of the normal heart ( @entity2461 , atrioventricular canal) may represent stages in the evolution of the "normal" heart. Although teratogens and mutagens do exist, the author conceives of @entity299 not as arrests or errors in the development of a "normal" heart but as genetic variants.

title: World survey of the common XXXX : developmental error or genetic variant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalia', 'man']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['separation of arterial and venous blood']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformations', 'cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity34926 :: ('MESH:D054083', 'Disease') :: ['ectopia cordis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac malformations']


abstract: Perforation of an @entity418 can occur spontaneously or during radiotherapy. If the perforation is the first manifestation of the @entity5 , the diagnosis depends on X-ray and endoscopy. During radiotherapy, the intending perforation must be carefully watched for. We have treated two perforations appearing as first manifestation of the @entity5 and 3 developed during evolution, 2 of them during radiotherapy. Various treatments have been applied. In 2 cases, resection was possible, curative in one, palliative in the other. In the other 3 cases, retrosternal by-pass has allowed feeding and radiotherapy. Such a complication generally condemns the @entity1 to a gastrostomy. However, a more aggressive surgical attitude can be adopted if the general status of the @entity1 permits. An esophageal endo-prosthesis can also be used.

title: [Perforation of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Non-bullous @entity37137 (NBCIE) is a @entity74 caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding enzymes important to lipid processing and terminal keratinocyte differentiation. Impaired function of these enzymes can cause pathologic epidermal scaling, significantly reduced skin barrier function. In this study, we have performed a focused, genetic analysis of a probrand affected by NBCIE and extended this to his consanguineous parents. Targeted capture and next-generation sequencing was performed on NBCIE associated genes in the proband and his unaffected consanguineous parents. We identified a homozygous nonsense variant @entity71260 (p.Arg272*) in @entity71261 (NM_001165960.1) in the proband and discovered that his parents are both heterozygous carriers of the variant. The clinical manifestations of the proband's skin were consistent with NBCIE, and detailed histopathological assessment revealed @entity4530 formation and @entity978 . Infection with @entity12734 was confirmed by culture. The @entity1 responded to oral @entity8974 antifungal treatment. Decreased skin barrier function, such as that caused by @entity74 of keratinization, can increase the risk of severe cutaneous @entity364 and the formation of @entity978 and associated @entity1665 . @entity1 with NBCIE should be alerted to the possible predisposition for developing @entity4013 and warrant close clinical follow-up.

title: Homozygous @entity71261 Nonsense Variant Identified in a @entity1 with Non-Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Complicated by Superimposed Bullous XXXX : The Consequences of Skin Barrier Dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton rubrum']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity37137 :: ('MESH:D016113', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytoses']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal bulla']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders', 'hereditary disorder of keratinization']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Majocchi's granuloma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Majocchi's Granuloma']


abstract: Non-bullous @entity37137 (NBCIE) is a @entity74 caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding enzymes important to lipid processing and terminal keratinocyte differentiation. Impaired function of these enzymes can cause pathologic epidermal scaling, significantly reduced skin barrier function. In this study, we have performed a focused, genetic analysis of a probrand affected by NBCIE and extended this to his consanguineous parents. Targeted capture and next-generation sequencing was performed on NBCIE associated genes in the proband and his unaffected consanguineous parents. We identified a homozygous nonsense variant @entity71260 (p.Arg272*) in @entity71261 (NM_001165960.1) in the proband and discovered that his parents are both heterozygous carriers of the variant. The clinical manifestations of the proband's skin were consistent with NBCIE, and detailed histopathological assessment revealed @entity4530 formation and @entity978 . Infection with @entity12734 was confirmed by culture. The @entity1 responded to oral @entity8974 antifungal treatment. Decreased skin barrier function, such as that caused by @entity74 of keratinization, can increase the risk of severe cutaneous @entity364 and the formation of @entity978 and associated @entity1665 . @entity1 with NBCIE should be alerted to the possible predisposition for developing @entity4013 and warrant close clinical follow-up.

title: Homozygous XXXX Nonsense Variant Identified in a @entity1 with Non-Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Complicated by Superimposed Bullous @entity978 : The Consequences of Skin Barrier Dysfunction.

answer: @entity71261 :: (59344,Gene) :: ['ALOXE3']


abstract: Non-bullous @entity37137 (NBCIE) is a @entity74 caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding enzymes important to lipid processing and terminal keratinocyte differentiation. Impaired function of these enzymes can cause pathologic epidermal scaling, significantly reduced skin barrier function. In this study, we have performed a focused, genetic analysis of a probrand affected by NBCIE and extended this to his consanguineous parents. Targeted capture and next-generation sequencing was performed on NBCIE associated genes in the proband and his unaffected consanguineous parents. We identified a homozygous nonsense variant @entity71260 (p.Arg272*) in @entity71261 (NM_001165960.1) in the proband and discovered that his parents are both heterozygous carriers of the variant. The clinical manifestations of the proband's skin were consistent with NBCIE, and detailed histopathological assessment revealed @entity4530 formation and @entity978 . Infection with @entity12734 was confirmed by culture. The @entity1 responded to oral @entity8974 antifungal treatment. Decreased skin barrier function, such as that caused by @entity74 of keratinization, can increase the risk of severe cutaneous @entity364 and the formation of @entity978 and associated @entity1665 . @entity1 with NBCIE should be alerted to the possible predisposition for developing @entity4013 and warrant close clinical follow-up.

title: Homozygous @entity71261 Nonsense Variant Identified in a XXXX with Non-Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Complicated by Superimposed Bullous @entity978 : The Consequences of Skin Barrier Dysfunction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have demonstrated the protective effect of cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) reactivation against relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for adult @entity5 . We assessed the association of @entity2834 reactivation, defined as the development of CMV antigenemia (at least 1 pp65 antigen-positive cell per 5.0  *  10(4) WBCs) within 100  days after HSCT, with the risk of relapse in 143 @entity1 with pediatric @entity3052 . The median age at HSCT was 7  years, and underlying diseases included @entity981 in 101 @entity1 and @entity3052 in 42. The cumulative incidence of @entity2834 reactivation at day 100 after HSCT was 45.4%. At a median follow-up of 88  months, @entity1 with @entity2834 reactivation had significantly lower 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse compared with @entity1 without @entity2834 reactivation. In a multivariate analysis, high-level @entity2834 reactivation (>= 10 pp65 antigen-positive cells) was an independent factor associated with reduced relapse. However, @entity2834 reactivation was also associated with higher nonrelapse mortality (NRM), mostly caused by @entity1292 after grades II to IV @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), which resulted in decreased probability of survival. High-level @entity2834 reactivation was a risk factor for increased NRM and worse overall survival in multivariate analysis. Although @entity2834 reactivation may reduce the risk of relapse after HSCT for pediatric @entity3052 , effective management of severe acute @entity2132 and better prophylaxis and treatment of @entity1292 are required to reduce the incidence of NRM and improve survival. Further studies on pediatric HSCT that include a larger number of @entity1 and more homogenous @entity1 cohorts are desirable.

title: Effect of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation on Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection', 'opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Acute Leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of cervical length (CL) on the clinical outcome of @entity1 undergoing peripartum hysterectomy due to placenta @entity5030 /percreta. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of CL with clinical outcomes in such @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed the data of @entity1 who were diagnosed with anterior placenta @entity5030 /percreta prenatally and subsequently underwent peripartum hysterectomy at our tertiary care institution between 2004 and 2014. The sonographic images and measurements of CL were obtained from prospectively collected database. The duration of operation, units of blood products transfused, and length of stay in the hospital were recorded. @entity1 were stratified according to CL, and receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to determine the cut-off length for identification of @entity1 at high risk of intra-operative difficulty. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 were included in this study. Number of packages of ES were correlated with the the duration of operation (r   = 0.666, p   <   0.001) and the CL (-0.793, p   <   0.001). Number of packages of fresh frozen plasma was significantly correlated with the CL (-0.642, p   <   0.001) and the duration of operation (r   =   0.606, p   <   0.001). Gestational age (AUC   =   0.683, p   =   0.014) and the CL (AUC   =   0.980, p   <   0.014) were significant predictors for the number of ES transfused   >   4 packages. The cut-off value of four packages was determined according to the median level of packages transfused. Optimal cut-off value for the CL to predict transfusion    <=   4 packages was 20.5 with 93% sensitivity and the 99% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Short cervix appears to be a cause of difficulty in placenta @entity5030 /percreta operations. CL may also help in determining the timing of delivery in @entity8052 @entity1 .

title: Shorter the cervix, more difficult the XXXX operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta percreta']

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['placenta percreta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity628 ( @entity628 ) often causes nephrotic @entity644 and frequently results in @entity454 and recurrence after kidney transplantation. Recent studies describe soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a circulating factor implicated in @entity628 . METHODS: This single-center study included 12 adult @entity1 with histologically proven primary @entity628 (n = 2) or recurrent @entity628 after transplantation (n = 10). The effect of @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ) on clinical outcome, suPAR levels, and in vitro podocyte b3-integrin activation was investigated over a median of 11 (6-18) sessions of @entity8450 . RESULTS: The course of treatment was monitored in a total of 70 sessions of @entity8450 , which partly eliminated suPAR, with a mean reduction of 37    12% of serum concentration per session. However, a substantial rebound was observed between sessions, with suPAR levels reaching 99    22% of the pretreatment levels after a median of 4 days. Podocyte b3-integrin activation dropped significantly after @entity8450 but rebounded within 4 days concomitant with a rising suPAR level. In 11 of 12 @entity1 , multimodal treatment (including extensive @entity8450 ) reduced @entity644 significantly (from 5.3 [2.0-7.8] to 1.0 [0.4-1.6] g/d), indicating clinical efficacy of the therapy. One @entity1 suffered allograft loss due to @entity628 recurrence. A persisting response was independent of a lasting reduction in the level of total suPAR because there was no sustained significant change in suPAR levels before and after the course of intensified treatment (3814    908 to 3595    521 pg/mL; P = 0.496). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that multimodal therapy including extensive @entity8450 was associated with stabilization of recurrent @entity628 and a temporary lowering of plasma suPAR as well as podocyte b3-integrin activation. Whether a sustained lowering of total suPAR results in further improved outcomes requires additional study.

title: Recurrent Primary XXXX Managed With Intensified Plasma Exchange and Concomitant Monitoring of Soluble Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor-Mediated Podocyte b3-integrin Activation.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was aimed to assess the acute dermatological adverse effect from two distinct RT techniques for @entity0 @entity1 . We compared intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (IMRT-SIB) and conventional radiotherapy followed by sequential boost (CRT-SB). METHODS: The study population was composed of 126 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 treated with breast conserving surgery. Sixty-six @entity1 received IMRT-SIB to 2 dose levels simultaneously. They received 50.4  Gy at 1.8  Gy per fraction to the whole breast and 60.2  Gy at 2.15  Gy per fraction to the @entity5 bed by integral boost. Sixty @entity1 in the CRT-SB group received 50  Gy in 25 fractions to the whole breast followed by a boost irradiation to @entity5 bed in 5-7 fractions to a total dose of 60-64  Gy. Acute @entity137 were documented in agreement with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3 (CTCAE v.3.0). RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 had grade 1 radiation @entity1909 while 14 @entity1 had grade 2. Among those with grade 2, there were 3 @entity1 in IMRT-SIB group (4.5%) while 11 in CRT-SB group (18.3%). (P  =  0.048) There was no @entity1 with higher than grade 2 @entity137 . Three year local control was 99.2%, 3-year disease free survival was 97.5% and 3-year overall survival was 99.2%. CONCLUSIONS: A significant reduction in the severity of @entity6937 from IMRT-SIB comparing with CRT-SB is demonstrated.

title: Intensity modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost vs. conventional radiotherapy with sequential boost for XXXX - A preliminary result.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['female breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation dermatitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity308 and @entity148 co-occur at high rates and can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Cross-sectional evidence has demonstrated that whereas all these disorders are characterized by high negative emotion, low positive emotion shows specificity in its associations with @entity308 , @entity148 , and possibly generalized @entity148 . However, it remains unknown whether @entity258 , a personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience low positive emotion over time, prospectively marks risk for the initial development of these disorders. We aimed to help address this gap. Each year for up to 10 waves, @entity1 (n = 627, mean age = 17 years at baseline) completed self-report measures of mood and personality and a structured clinical interview. A latent trait-state decomposition technique was used to model positive emotionality and related personality traits over the first 3 years of the study. Survival analyses were used to test the prospective associations of @entity258 with first onsets of disorders over the subsequent 6-year follow-up among @entity1 with no relevant disorder history. The results showed that @entity258 was a risk marker for @entity308 , @entity148 , and generalized @entity148 , although evidence for its specificity to these disorders versus the remaining @entity148 was inconclusive. Additional analyses revealed that the risk effects were largely accounted for by the overlap of @entity258 with @entity663 . The implications for understanding the role of positive emotionality in @entity308 and @entity148 are discussed.

title: Prospective associations of XXXX with first onsets of @entity308 : Results from a 10-wave latent trait-state modeling study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'Unipolar depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low positive emotionality']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low positive emotionality']


abstract: @entity308 and @entity148 co-occur at high rates and can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Cross-sectional evidence has demonstrated that whereas all these disorders are characterized by high negative emotion, low positive emotion shows specificity in its associations with @entity308 , @entity148 , and possibly generalized @entity148 . However, it remains unknown whether @entity258 , a personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience low positive emotion over time, prospectively marks risk for the initial development of these disorders. We aimed to help address this gap. Each year for up to 10 waves, @entity1 (n = 627, mean age = 17 years at baseline) completed self-report measures of mood and personality and a structured clinical interview. A latent trait-state decomposition technique was used to model positive emotionality and related personality traits over the first 3 years of the study. Survival analyses were used to test the prospective associations of @entity258 with first onsets of disorders over the subsequent 6-year follow-up among @entity1 with no relevant disorder history. The results showed that @entity258 was a risk marker for @entity308 , @entity148 , and generalized @entity148 , although evidence for its specificity to these disorders versus the remaining @entity148 was inconclusive. Additional analyses revealed that the risk effects were largely accounted for by the overlap of @entity258 with @entity663 . The implications for understanding the role of positive emotionality in @entity308 and @entity148 are discussed.

title: Prospective associations of @entity258 with first onsets of XXXX : Results from a 10-wave latent trait-state modeling study.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive and anxiety disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New strategies to combat the global scourge of @entity2040 may be revealed by increased understanding of the mechanisms by which the obligate snail host can resist the schistosome parasite. However, few molecular markers linked to resistance have been identified and characterized in snails. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we test six independent genetic loci for their influence on resistance to @entity380 PR1 in the 13-16-R1 strain of the snail @entity10300 . We first identify a genomic region, RADres, showing the highest differentiation between susceptible and resistant inbred lines among 1611 informative restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers, and show that it significantly influences resistance in an independent set of 439 outbred snails. The additive effect of each RADres resistance allele is 2-fold, similar to that of the previously identified resistance gene sod1. The data fit a model in which both loci contribute independently and additively to resistance, such that the odds of @entity281 in homozygotes for the resistance alleles at both loci (13% infected) is 16-fold lower than the odds of @entity281 in snails without any resistance alleles (70% infected). Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium is high, with both sod1 and RADres residing on haplotype blocks >2Mb, and with other markers in @entity616 also showing significant effects on resistance; thus the causal genes within these blocks remain to be demonstrated. Other candidate loci had no effect on resistance, including the Guadeloupe Resistance Complex and three genes (aif, infPhox, and prx1) with immunological roles and expression patterns tied to resistance, which must therefore be trans-regulated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The loci RADres and sod1 both have strong effects on resistance to @entity383 . Future approaches to control @entity2040 may benefit from further efforts to characterize and harness this natural genetic variation.

title: Genome-Wide Scan and Test of Candidate Genes in the Snail XXXX Reveal New Locus Influencing Resistance to @entity380 .

entities_list: @entity10300 :: ('6526', 'Species') :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni strain']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['each block']

answer: @entity10300 :: (6526,Species) :: ['Biomphalaria glabrata']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New strategies to combat the global scourge of @entity2040 may be revealed by increased understanding of the mechanisms by which the obligate snail host can resist the schistosome parasite. However, few molecular markers linked to resistance have been identified and characterized in snails. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we test six independent genetic loci for their influence on resistance to @entity380 PR1 in the 13-16-R1 strain of the snail @entity10300 . We first identify a genomic region, RADres, showing the highest differentiation between susceptible and resistant inbred lines among 1611 informative restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) markers, and show that it significantly influences resistance in an independent set of 439 outbred snails. The additive effect of each RADres resistance allele is 2-fold, similar to that of the previously identified resistance gene sod1. The data fit a model in which both loci contribute independently and additively to resistance, such that the odds of @entity281 in homozygotes for the resistance alleles at both loci (13% infected) is 16-fold lower than the odds of @entity281 in snails without any resistance alleles (70% infected). Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium is high, with both sod1 and RADres residing on haplotype blocks >2Mb, and with other markers in @entity616 also showing significant effects on resistance; thus the causal genes within these blocks remain to be demonstrated. Other candidate loci had no effect on resistance, including the Guadeloupe Resistance Complex and three genes (aif, infPhox, and prx1) with immunological roles and expression patterns tied to resistance, which must therefore be trans-regulated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The loci RADres and sod1 both have strong effects on resistance to @entity383 . Future approaches to control @entity2040 may benefit from further efforts to characterize and harness this natural genetic variation.

title: Genome-Wide Scan and Test of Candidate Genes in the Snail @entity10300 Reveal New Locus Influencing Resistance to XXXX .

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis of @entity16581 ( @entity16581 ) in @entity1 presenting with chronic @entity490 is challenging and controversial. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with @entity11384 -stimulated MRCP (sMRCP) offers a safe and noninvasive modality to diagnose mild @entity2723 , but its findings have not been correlated with histopathology. We aimed to assess the correlation of a spectrum of MRI/sMRCP findings with surgical histopathology in a cohort of @entity16581 @entity1 undergoing @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS: Adult @entity1 undergoing @entity348 for @entity16581 between 2008 and 2013 were identified from our institution's surgery database and were included if they had MRI/sMRCP within a year before surgery. Histology was obtained from resected pancreas at the time of @entity348 by wedge biopsy of head, body, and tail, and was graded by a gastrointestinal pathologist who was blinded to the imaging features. A @entity82 score (FS) of 2 or more was considered as abnormal, with FS >= 6 as severe @entity82 . A multivariate regression analysis was performed for MRI features predicting @entity82 , after taking age, sex, smoking, @entity285 , and body mass index (BMI) into consideration. A quantitative receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 (females=49, males=8) with @entity16581 and MRI/sMRCP were identified. ROC curve analysis showed that two or more MRI/sMRCP features provided the best balance of sensitivity (65%), specificity (89%), and accuracy (68%) to differentiate abnormal (FS>= 2) from normal pancreatic tissue. Two or more features provided the best cutoff (sensitivity 88%, specificity 78%) for predicting severe @entity82 (FS>= 6). There was a significant correlation between the number of features and severity of @entity82 (r=0.6, P<0.0001). A linear regression after taking age, smoking, and BMI into consideration showed that main pancreatic duct irregularity, T1-weighted signal intensity ratio between pancreas and paraspinal muscle, and duodenal filling after @entity11384 injection to be significant independent predictors of @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation exists between MRI/sMRCP findings and histopathology of @entity16581 .

title: Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced MRI With XXXX -Stimulated MRCP for Non-Calcific Chronic Pancreatitis: A Comparison With Histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TPIAT', 'total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation']

entities_list: @entity16581 :: ('MESH:C566837', 'Disease') :: ['non-calcific chronic pancreatitis', 'NCCP']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity11384 :: (MESH:D012633,Chemical) :: ['Secretin']


abstract: The perisomatic retrograde reactions to @entity1897 during postnatal maturation were investigated by quantitative light and electron microscopy. The hypoglossal nerve was crushed, ligated or transected in 10 and 21 day postnatal (dpn) @entity35 . Only @entity130 was made in 7 dpn @entity35 . Survival periods ranged from 3 to 40 days postoperative (dpo). Normal and sham operated animals of corresponding ages served as controls. A remarkable, transient response of neuronal somata in the young (7-10 dpn) @entity35 , following all three types of @entity21 , was the formation of excrescences which engulfed neuronal processes: boutons, dendrites, small neurites and a few myelinated axons in adjacent neuropil. The somal engulfment was rarely evident after @entity128 to 21 dpn @entity35 . Bouton displacement from the somal surface, accompanied by glial incursion, followed each @entity128 but was less extensive and occurred later in the young @entity35 . There seemed to be no association in the amount of boutons displaced from neuronal somata with the @entity128 for any of the three experimental age groups. However, the rate and intensity of the perineuronal glial reaction were related to the severity of the @entity128 in the older (21 dpn) but not in the younger (7-10 dpn) @entity35 . Substantial loss of neurons occurred in the affected nucleus after each type of @entity130 to the young neurons. The degree of @entity528 was related to the age and the volume of axoplasm disrupted. Only nerve transection in 21 dpn @entity35 resulted in appreciable @entity528 . The responses of axotomized neurons, their afferent axon terminals and the surrounding glia are quantitatively and qualitatively different in the hypoglossal nucleus of @entity35 of increasing postnatal ages.

title: Perisomatic changes in the maturing hypoglossal nucleus after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['type of nerve injury', 'nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axon injury']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'crush injury']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['axon injury']


abstract: Isoenergetic diets containing casein: @entity1735 :fat, 22:59:10% (control protein, CP), or 8:73:10% (low protein, LP), were fed to female @entity35 during gestation and lactation and to offspring postweaning. Control fed @entity35 were pair-fed to the LP-fed group. In the LP-fed group, body and liver weights were similar at birth but decreased at 10, 21, and 42 days, while intercapsular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) weight decreased from birth to 10 and 21 days but increased at 42 days compared to controls. Hepatic mitochondrial @entity26 consumption (OC) with @entity2388 + @entity5910 as substrate was similar at 21 and 42 days, whereas OC in state 3 and 4 with @entity4588 was decreased at 42 days, only in the LP-fed group. In IBAT, OC was similar in each group at each age. In the LP-fed group, hepatic @entity17864 (GP) shuttle activity was the same as in controls at birth but increased progressively from 10 to 21 and 42 days, whereas @entity5910 - @entity492 (M-A) shuttle activity was not substantially changed during development. In IBAT, shuttle activities were similar in both groups during development with M-A shuttle activity increased in the LP-fed group at 21 days. Serum @entity1954 (T3) levels in the LP-fed group were increased at 10 and 42 days but decreased at 21 days after birth. These results suggest a role for both pre- and postweaning diet composition as a regulator of hepatic metabolism during development. The deficit in IBAT weight in the LP-fed group during early postnatal development indicates a decreased capacity for heat production in the neonate caused by maternal protein undernutrition.

title: The effects of pre- and postweaning dietary protein levels of mitochondrial metabolism in developing liver and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17864 :: ('CHEBI:26707', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerolphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: First @entity8976 is the sudden onset of acute and severe @entity158 in the parotid region at the initiation of mastication. Although it generally lasts less than a minute, it is disabling for these individuals and leads to a fear of oral intake. It is typically seen after parapharyngeal or deep parotid space surgery. Intraparotid injection of botulinum toxin A (BTA) has been suggested as a treatment for this condition, but there is little supporting literature to this effect. The purpose of this study is to document our experience using this treatment method for first @entity8976 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. METHODS: Five @entity1 with first @entity8976 , developed after parapharyngeal space surgery, were treated by multisite injection of BTA into the parotid gland. Between 17.5 and 50 total U of BTA were injected into four or more sites in the parotid region. The @entity1 were then followed up every 4 months. RESULTS: Three of five @entity1 reported a significant improvement in symptoms at the 4-month follow-up visit, although complete resolution was not reported. One @entity1 reported only moderate improvement, and despite two series of injections there was no improvement in one @entity1 , leading us to question our initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral BTA injection into the affected parotid gland produces a decrease in the severity of symptoms. It is a safe and viable noninvasive treatment for this difficult to treat condition and may lead to permanent @entity1109 in some @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: First XXXX : Our experience with intraparotid injections with botulinum toxin type A.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8976 :: ('MESH:D001733', 'Disease') :: ['bite syndrome']

answer: @entity8976 :: (MESH:D001733,Disease) :: ['bite syndrome']


abstract: This study compares the role of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of the nonstenotic, congenitally @entity4503 . Ten asymptomatic healthy subjects (age 20-35 years) with a systolic ejection click and short systolic murmur were evaluated. M-mode echocardiograms were entirely normal. The aortic root, diastolic closure line, eccentricity index of the aortic valve, and left ventricular size and function were normal in every subject. The two-dimensional parasternal long @entity2270 view of the aortic root was also normal in all @entity1 with bicuspid aortic valves; there were no abnormalities of systolic excursion of the aortic cusps and doming of the aortic valve was absent. Images obtained in the two-dimensional parasternal short @entity2270 view of the aortic root at the level of the aortic valve revealed only two cusps, anterior and posterior, in all @entity1 . The classic closure pattern of the normal tricuspid aortic valve forming a "Y" was absent in every subject. Instead, a horizontal closure line along the "X" @entity2270 was demonstrated in all @entity1 ; changing the angulation of the transducer in various positions did not alter this pattern. All subjects had increased reflectance of echoes along the line of diastolic closure, probably resulting from redundancy of the aortic cusp tissue. We conclude that because of the inability of the M-mode echocardiographic technique to accurately diagnose this condition in the study group, two-dimensional echocardiography should be the technique of choice in the evaluation of @entity1 with a suspected @entity4503 . Recognition of this condition is important in view of its susceptibility to subacute @entity3555 , @entity472 , and regurgitation.

title: Superiority of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenitally XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4034 is a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. There is a lack of scientific evidence to guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcome of unplanned retention of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer (ACS) in the management of @entity4034 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 (7 with tibial infections and 1 with a @entity281 ) with @entity4034 received radical debridement and insertion of an ACS into the bone defect as the definitive management. The mean follow-up period was 2  years (6  months to 4  years). All of these @entity1 had a cement spacer in place. RESULTS: No @entity1 exhibited radiographic evidence of excessive @entity604 . The @entity1 reported no or occasional mild @entity158 and exhibited complete weight-bearing abilities, with the exception of one @entity1 who required a crutch because of a @entity1566 . Signs of recurrence of the @entity4034 were not noted in any of the @entity1 , and no @entity174 occurred at last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that a proportion of @entity1 with unplanned retention of ACS appear to function well without necessarily requiring further surgical intervention.

title: Antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer as definitive management for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal infection']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: Seven @entity1 subjected to @entity5 resection involving the acetabular ring were analyzed with respect to function. In addition to conventional clinical assessment gait was analyzed objectively by means of an electronic walk-way and residual hip-muscle power tested by means of a Cybex II dynamometer. Functional results reported by the @entity1 with respect to @entity158 , walking and working capacity appeared better than those elicited by clinical examination. All @entity1 exhibited a marked pelvic tilt and a positive Trendelenburg sign. Only one @entity1 walked without any kind of support. @entity3656 was on an average 6 cm. Objective gait analysis disclosed that all @entity1 had reduced weight-bearing time on the operated side as compared to the non-operated. This, however, was clearly less pronounced for those @entity1 who appeared best with respect to @entity158 , walking and working capacity. These @entity1 also showed the best hip extension power which appeared more important from a functional point of view than hip flexion and, surprisingly, hip abduction power. Radiographic examination showed that bony support for the proximal femur, provided either by the formation of a bone shelf from the remaining iliac bone or by the remaining iliac bone itself, was of decisive importance for function. The results of the present study show that @entity5 resection involving the acetabular ring, provided @entity5 removal can be achieved, constitutes a feasible alternative to hemipelvectomy from a functional point of view.

title: Function after XXXX resection involving the acetabular ring.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['Leg-length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumour', 'radical tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pelvic tumour']


abstract: We have encountered four cases of an unusual variant of well-differentiated @entity4348 that was predominantly composed of tubules, solid or hollow, as well as cord-like areas histologically mimicking Sertoli and @entity10693 . The two features most helpful in differential diagnosis were the presence of areas of @entity5 with the typical confluent pattern of @entity4348 , and the presence of @entity3558 at the apical borders of the @entity5 cells and/or within glandular lumina. Other features that were helpful if present, but were observed only in one case each, were foci of @entity1544 or the presence of ciliated epithelium. In two cases, ultrastructural studies showed well developed microvilli and perinuclear microfilaments confirming the endometrioid nature of the @entity5 . The @entity1 varied from 22-74 years in age. All @entity5 were confined to a single ovary, and no @entity5 is known to have recurred or metastasized. One of the @entity1 died at age 80, six years following operation, presumably without evidence of recurrent @entity5 or @entity3 . Two other @entity1 are living and well, one and 14 years after diagnosis. In one @entity1 follow-up is short. The clinicopathologic features of this variant of @entity4348 are reviewed with emphasis on differential morphologic features.

title: Ovarian endometrioid tumors mimicking Sertoli and XXXX : Sertoliform variant of @entity4348 .

entities_list: @entity10693 :: ('MESH:D018310', 'Disease') :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity10693 :: (MESH:D018310,Disease) :: ['Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors']


abstract: We have encountered four cases of an unusual variant of well-differentiated @entity4348 that was predominantly composed of tubules, solid or hollow, as well as cord-like areas histologically mimicking Sertoli and @entity10693 . The two features most helpful in differential diagnosis were the presence of areas of @entity5 with the typical confluent pattern of @entity4348 , and the presence of @entity3558 at the apical borders of the @entity5 cells and/or within glandular lumina. Other features that were helpful if present, but were observed only in one case each, were foci of @entity1544 or the presence of ciliated epithelium. In two cases, ultrastructural studies showed well developed microvilli and perinuclear microfilaments confirming the endometrioid nature of the @entity5 . The @entity1 varied from 22-74 years in age. All @entity5 were confined to a single ovary, and no @entity5 is known to have recurred or metastasized. One of the @entity1 died at age 80, six years following operation, presumably without evidence of recurrent @entity5 or @entity3 . Two other @entity1 are living and well, one and 14 years after diagnosis. In one @entity1 follow-up is short. The clinicopathologic features of this variant of @entity4348 are reviewed with emphasis on differential morphologic features.

title: Ovarian endometrioid tumors mimicking Sertoli and @entity10693 : Sertoliform variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']


abstract: Three cases of primary trabecular @entity43 are reported. In two cases the @entity5 was a pure @entity4303 , while the third it was associated with @entity44 . The @entity1 were aged 36, 48 and 56 years. The presenting symptoms were lower @entity490 and the presence of a lower abdominal mass. In one case the @entity5 was found incidentally. There was no evidence of @entity3 or @entity4303 in any of these cases. The treatment was bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy in two cases and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in one case. All the @entity1 are well and disease-free for periods ranging from 4-13 years after surgery. The pathology, differential diagnosis and behavior of this entity are discussed and reviewed. Primary @entity4303 of the ovary is an uncommon @entity43 , behaving like a @entity5 of low malignant potential. In the younger @entity1 the treatment is unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, while in the postmenopausal @entity1 bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy is the treatment of choice. Long-term follow-up is advisable.

title: Primary trabecular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumor of the ovary', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome', 'trabecular carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature cystic teratoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['carcinoid tumor of the ovary']


abstract: The occurrence of spontaneous @entity272 in Japanese newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster) from Niigata prefecture in Northern Japan was monitored over four seasons covering a period of 2 years. Of 13,613 newts, 249 were found to @entity1185 . The percentage of newts with @entity1185 was highest in autumn, ranging from 1.93 to 5.45% of the total average. These values were more than four times as high as values obtained in the other three seasons (0.16 to 0.50%). A total of 12,167 newts were collected from their natural environment in 10 prefectures of Japan in the autumn of 1980 and 1981. Newts collected from the northern, seaside prefectures had @entity1185 rates (1.00 to 5.45%) than did newts from the Southern, Pacific Ocean prefectures of Japan (0 to 0.27%). Male and female newts were affected equally often by the @entity189 . @entity778 -like bodies, resembling @entity778 , were found in the cytoplasm of the @entity189 . These @entity778 -like bodies were not seen in the control epithelium of newts with normal skin and without @entity1185 or in nonaffected regions of newts with @entity1185 . It is suggested that @entity5 and @entity778 are causally related.

title: Seasonal and geographical changes of spontaneous XXXX in the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes-type virus', 'Virus', 'virus']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'possess papillomas', 'higher papilloma', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epitheliomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin papillomas']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin papillomas']


abstract: The effect of circulatory arrest of the @entity291 and foot and head-up tilt upon pressure gradient over the thigh and distribution of muscle blood flow in the thigh was studied in 14 @entity1 with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. In the supine position circulatory arrest just below the knee initially reduced the directly measured mean arterial pressure gradient over the thigh by about 30% indicating that a similar proportion of total leg blood flow supplied the @entity291 and foot. Local muscle blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout technique proximally and distally in the thigh muscle. Total leg blood flow was measured by an indicator dilution technique. During 10 min of circulatory arrest of the @entity291 and foot local muscle blood flow in the thigh increased by approximately 35% proximally and distally. Total leg blood flow remained unchanged and the pressure gradient was reduced by about 10% as compared with that before tourniquet. During head-up tilt local muscle blood flow in the thigh decreased by about 30% proximally and distally. Total leg blood flow also decreased by about 30%. Circulatory arrest below the knee did not alter this response. These findings indicate that blood flow change uniformly in the thigh during head-up tilt and during tourniquet on the @entity291 . Furthermore blood flow to the @entity291 appears only to account for 30% of the arterial pressure drop over the collateral arteries in the thigh, indicating that thigh blood flow is of major importance for the pressure gradient over the collateral arteries.

title: Influence of thigh blood flow upon the arterial pressure gradient over the collateral arteries in XXXX with occlusion of the superficial femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinical evidence suggests some lack of cross resistance between @entity1891 (VCR) and @entity7324 (VDS). To investigate this phenomenon experimentally, drug-resistant L5178Y lymphoblast cell lines have been derived in vitro. These lines, under conditions of continuous drug exposure, exhibit a 50-fold order of resistance. Resistance appears due, at least in part, to impaired cellular drug accumulation and retention. Exposure of these resistant cells to VCR or VDS for 24 h showed that the presence or absence of cross resistance was dose-dependent, being most noticeable at low concentrations (less than 0.5 ng/ml) and absent at higher drug levels. Cross resistance also showed some dose-dependency for @entity5713 and @entity71262 , but this was not seen with other drugs. Marked and complete cross resistance at all concentrations tested was noted with @entity632 and @entity1259 in both resistant lines, which, however, retained the same sensitivities as the parent line to @entity2663 , @entity2879 , @entity1487 , and @entity1499 . Responses to @entity4316 and mAMSA differed in these two resistant lines. VDS-resistant cells exhibited cross resistance to both drugs, whilst VCR-resistant cells showed only slight resistance to @entity4316 whilst retaining full sensitivity mAMSA. This observation that cross resistance between VCR and VDS is not invariable in vitro appears to reflect clinical experience.

title: Establishment of XXXX -resistant and @entity7324 -resistant lines of murine lymphoblasts in vitro and characterisation of their patterns of cross-resistance and drug sensitivities.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ["4'-epiadriamycin"]

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity71262 :: ('MESH:C016463', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-leurosine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['Vincristine']


abstract: Clinical evidence suggests some lack of cross resistance between @entity1891 (VCR) and @entity7324 (VDS). To investigate this phenomenon experimentally, drug-resistant L5178Y lymphoblast cell lines have been derived in vitro. These lines, under conditions of continuous drug exposure, exhibit a 50-fold order of resistance. Resistance appears due, at least in part, to impaired cellular drug accumulation and retention. Exposure of these resistant cells to VCR or VDS for 24 h showed that the presence or absence of cross resistance was dose-dependent, being most noticeable at low concentrations (less than 0.5 ng/ml) and absent at higher drug levels. Cross resistance also showed some dose-dependency for @entity5713 and @entity71262 , but this was not seen with other drugs. Marked and complete cross resistance at all concentrations tested was noted with @entity632 and @entity1259 in both resistant lines, which, however, retained the same sensitivities as the parent line to @entity2663 , @entity2879 , @entity1487 , and @entity1499 . Responses to @entity4316 and mAMSA differed in these two resistant lines. VDS-resistant cells exhibited cross resistance to both drugs, whilst VCR-resistant cells showed only slight resistance to @entity4316 whilst retaining full sensitivity mAMSA. This observation that cross resistance between VCR and VDS is not invariable in vitro appears to reflect clinical experience.

title: Establishment of @entity1891 -resistant and XXXX -resistant lines of murine lymphoblasts in vitro and characterisation of their patterns of cross-resistance and drug sensitivities.

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity359 is a unique mesenchymal @entity5 composed of blood vessels as well as smooth muscle and adipose cells. The liver is a less common site of origin, and @entity99 is often an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging or is identified on evaluation of nonspecific symptoms. CASE PRESENTATION: We experienced four @entity1 who were diagnosed histologically with @entity99 . The preoperative diagnoses were @entity359 in two @entity1 , @entity157 in one, and @entity2477 in one. Three @entity1 were treated with hepatectomy (one laparoscopic and two open approaches), and the diagnosis was completed by histological investigation of the resected specimen. The remaining one was diagnosed from @entity5 needle biopsy. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respiratory triggering using b values of 0 and 800  s/mm(2) was employed. An apparent diffusion coefficient map was generated from b values of 0 and 800  s/mm(2) for calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. The apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated as 3.66, 1.21, 1.80, and 0.91 in @entity1 1 to 4, respectively. In MRI imaging, fat component was clearly demonstrated with chemical shift imaging in three @entity1 . Early venous return was detected in three @entity1 with computed tomography angiography. CONCLUSION: Fat component and early venous return are important for a correct diagnosis of @entity99 . Unfortunately, apparent diffusion coefficient values in @entity99 were overlapping with those in other benign and @entity5 .

title: XXXX with special attention to radiologic imaging.

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma', 'Angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic angiomyolipoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Single-site laparoscopic colectomy (SLC) is a promising minimally invasive and safe treatment for @entity14 . Improvements of the working instruments and procedures for SLC have helped to overcome challenges regarding the difficulty of operation, supporting the gradual acceptance of this technique. In contrast, narrow working space of the abdominal cavity sometimes prevents securing an adequate surgical view. To obtain precise anatomical information and enable complete mesocolic excision (CME), we routinely perform three-dimensional computed tomography prior to SLC. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 was clinically diagnosed with @entity5 . Unexpectedly, preoperative examination revealed asymptomatic stenosis of the great artery, which was diagnosed as @entity2500 . Because radical colectomy requires dissection of vessels that supply blood flow to the legs, a vascular stent was inserted prior to operation. We chose SLC due to the reduced risk of damaging epigastric arteries, which may eventually become collaterals in the event of stent re-stenosis. We accomplished SLC with CME, and the @entity1 was discharged on the tenth day after operation without complications. CONCLUSION: The present case is the first to proceed by SLC for @entity14 complicated by @entity455 . Preoperative imaging enabled us to identify an unexpected rare disease and to still accomplish SLC with CME, thus reinforcing the importance of preoperative imaging to optimize the use of SLC. In addition, SLC may become one of the most adequate procedures for @entity1 complicated by @entity455 .

title: Single-site laparoscopic colectomy for XXXX with @entity2500 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle aortic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Single-site laparoscopic colectomy (SLC) is a promising minimally invasive and safe treatment for @entity14 . Improvements of the working instruments and procedures for SLC have helped to overcome challenges regarding the difficulty of operation, supporting the gradual acceptance of this technique. In contrast, narrow working space of the abdominal cavity sometimes prevents securing an adequate surgical view. To obtain precise anatomical information and enable complete mesocolic excision (CME), we routinely perform three-dimensional computed tomography prior to SLC. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old Japanese @entity1 was clinically diagnosed with @entity5 . Unexpectedly, preoperative examination revealed asymptomatic stenosis of the great artery, which was diagnosed as @entity2500 . Because radical colectomy requires dissection of vessels that supply blood flow to the legs, a vascular stent was inserted prior to operation. We chose SLC due to the reduced risk of damaging epigastric arteries, which may eventually become collaterals in the event of stent re-stenosis. We accomplished SLC with CME, and the @entity1 was discharged on the tenth day after operation without complications. CONCLUSION: The present case is the first to proceed by SLC for @entity14 complicated by @entity455 . Preoperative imaging enabled us to identify an unexpected rare disease and to still accomplish SLC with CME, thus reinforcing the importance of preoperative imaging to optimize the use of SLC. In addition, SLC may become one of the most adequate procedures for @entity1 complicated by @entity455 .

title: Single-site laparoscopic colectomy for @entity5 with XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle aortic syndrome']


abstract: Myocardial perfusion imaging with @entity71263 has been found to be effective in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity583 . However, conventional myocardial perfusion imaging of the myocardium showing the postero-septal and antero-lateral wall cannot be obtained clearly by the conventional collimator due to the inevitable distance between the collimator and the heart. In contrast, 30, 60-degree @entity71264 images were obtained clearly using slant-hole collimator with the collimator closely contact with the heart, which enables us to observe the postero-septal and antero-lateral walls of the myocardium. As a result, we obtained myocardial perfusion images every 30-degrees in a radial direction. By dividing @entity71264 images into 12 segments, we compared perfusion defect in the myocardial scintigram with akinesis detected by echocardiography and contrast left ventriculography segmentally and referred to the character and accuracy of these three examinations. As a result, these three methods well agreed in cases with @entity583 of @entity66 , but did not always agree in cases with @entity66 . The character of each method was as follows: 1) Left ventriculography, which gives direct information concerning wall motion of the left ventricle, was most sensitive to detect @entity2806 , but had a tendency to overestimate hypokinesis of wall motion due to its invasive nature. 2) In @entity296 , when hypoperfusion is associated with perfusion defect, we occasionally diagnose mistakenly the hypoperfusion area as normal because the scintigraphic evaluation is based on the relative distribution of perfusion. To avoid such underestimation, exercise @entity296 should be performed and @entity741 should be evaluated by comparing exercise images with redistribution images. Moreover, we studied extension of perfusion defect in the anterior and infero-posterior @entity1188 groups. In anterior @entity583 , perfusion defect extended beyond the apex and reached the point one-third away from the apex to the base. In @entity583 , perfusion defect extended into the apex but did not exceed the apex. It seemed that the most suitable point to make the boundary between apical and infero-posterior areas was the point one-third away from the apex to the base along the inferior half of the @entity71264 image of the myocardium.

title: [Evaluation of @entity741 by ( XXXX ) long-axial myocardial imaging using slant-hole collimator].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity71263 :: ('MESH:C027549', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'infero-posterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity71264 :: (314,Gene) :: ['RAO']


abstract: Myocardial perfusion imaging with @entity71263 has been found to be effective in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity583 . However, conventional myocardial perfusion imaging of the myocardium showing the postero-septal and antero-lateral wall cannot be obtained clearly by the conventional collimator due to the inevitable distance between the collimator and the heart. In contrast, 30, 60-degree @entity71264 images were obtained clearly using slant-hole collimator with the collimator closely contact with the heart, which enables us to observe the postero-septal and antero-lateral walls of the myocardium. As a result, we obtained myocardial perfusion images every 30-degrees in a radial direction. By dividing @entity71264 images into 12 segments, we compared perfusion defect in the myocardial scintigram with akinesis detected by echocardiography and contrast left ventriculography segmentally and referred to the character and accuracy of these three examinations. As a result, these three methods well agreed in cases with @entity583 of @entity66 , but did not always agree in cases with @entity66 . The character of each method was as follows: 1) Left ventriculography, which gives direct information concerning wall motion of the left ventricle, was most sensitive to detect @entity2806 , but had a tendency to overestimate hypokinesis of wall motion due to its invasive nature. 2) In @entity296 , when hypoperfusion is associated with perfusion defect, we occasionally diagnose mistakenly the hypoperfusion area as normal because the scintigraphic evaluation is based on the relative distribution of perfusion. To avoid such underestimation, exercise @entity296 should be performed and @entity741 should be evaluated by comparing exercise images with redistribution images. Moreover, we studied extension of perfusion defect in the anterior and infero-posterior @entity1188 groups. In anterior @entity583 , perfusion defect extended beyond the apex and reached the point one-third away from the apex to the base. In @entity583 , perfusion defect extended into the apex but did not exceed the apex. It seemed that the most suitable point to make the boundary between apical and infero-posterior areas was the point one-third away from the apex to the base along the inferior half of the @entity71264 image of the myocardium.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX by ( @entity71264 ) long-axial myocardial imaging using slant-hole collimator].

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and four subfractions, A, B, C, and D of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), characterized by the following decreasing Sf values, greater than 400, 175-400, 100-175, and 20-100, respectively, were isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from serum of normal @entity1 and @entity1 and analyzed for lipids, total protein, and @entity755 . The percentage distribution of the @entity1674 of VLDL on fractions A to D were 1, 25, 30, and 45%, respectively, for both males and females. The numbers of VLDL particles for males in fractions B to D were 5, 10, and 40 X 10(12) per ml serum, respectively. Females, who had lower VLDL concentrations than males, had half as many particles per ml of serum. The number of LDL particles was similar in males and females and was 10 times that of VLDL. The relative composition of the lipoproteins changed progressively from fraction B to D and from D to LDL. The percentage of @entity412 and soluble proteins fell, due to loss of mass of these constituents from the particles. The percentage of @entity755 and @entity8557 rose; this was not due to an increase of mass but because the particles became smaller. There were no sex differences. The numbers of molecules per particle of the constituents showed a successive decrease from VLDL-B to LDL for @entity1674 , free @entity165 , phospholipids, and soluble apolipoproteins, while it remained constant for @entity755 , as well as for @entity8557 from VLDL-C to LDL. These data fit the following hypothesis for the VLDL to LDL cascade. The large VLDL particle successively loses molecules of @entity1674 (core) and of soluble protein, free @entity165 , and phospholipids (surface). In this process, VLDL retains its molecules of @entity755 , and @entity8557 are lost from large VLDL but not from medium or small-sized VLDL.

title: Composition, concentration, and size of low density lipoproteins and of subfractions of very low density lipoproteins from serum of normal XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and four subfractions, A, B, C, and D of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), characterized by the following decreasing Sf values, greater than 400, 175-400, 100-175, and 20-100, respectively, were isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from serum of normal @entity1 and @entity1 and analyzed for lipids, total protein, and @entity755 . The percentage distribution of the @entity1674 of VLDL on fractions A to D were 1, 25, 30, and 45%, respectively, for both males and females. The numbers of VLDL particles for males in fractions B to D were 5, 10, and 40 X 10(12) per ml serum, respectively. Females, who had lower VLDL concentrations than males, had half as many particles per ml of serum. The number of LDL particles was similar in males and females and was 10 times that of VLDL. The relative composition of the lipoproteins changed progressively from fraction B to D and from D to LDL. The percentage of @entity412 and soluble proteins fell, due to loss of mass of these constituents from the particles. The percentage of @entity755 and @entity8557 rose; this was not due to an increase of mass but because the particles became smaller. There were no sex differences. The numbers of molecules per particle of the constituents showed a successive decrease from VLDL-B to LDL for @entity1674 , free @entity165 , phospholipids, and soluble apolipoproteins, while it remained constant for @entity755 , as well as for @entity8557 from VLDL-C to LDL. These data fit the following hypothesis for the VLDL to LDL cascade. The large VLDL particle successively loses molecules of @entity1674 (core) and of soluble protein, free @entity165 , and phospholipids (surface). In this process, VLDL retains its molecules of @entity755 , and @entity8557 are lost from large VLDL but not from medium or small-sized VLDL.

title: Composition, concentration, and size of low density lipoproteins and of subfractions of very low density lipoproteins from serum of normal @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: This is a case report of sensory assessment in a @entity1 with severe chronic @entity2371 following uterine artery embolization, and a discussion of a commonly observed sensory manifestation ( @entity1931 ) associated with chronic @entity2371 due to gynaecological conditions. Allodynia, as a common sensory abnormality can be readily detected at the bedside and represents the development of @entity158 sensitization. Emergence of abdominal and perineal @entity1931 (assessed by @entity2708 swap stroking and/or questionnaire) is associated with the development of the clinical features of sensitization: continuous @entity2371 , @entity925 , and reduced pressure @entity158 thresholds. Case: A uterine artery embolization was performed on a 42-year-old @entity1 to treat a postpartum @entity548 . The @entity1 experienced severe @entity158 immediately following the procedure, and it had persisted for one year when she was referred for chronic unrelenting @entity158 . She was found to have extensive @entity1931 , @entity409 , and reduced @entity158 thresholds. A hysterectomy was undertaken. As the @entity158 persisted, botulinum toxin was administered to the lower abdomen in the region of reduced @entity158 thresholds. Partial resolution of @entity158 , physical limitation, and @entity1931 resolved one year after the hysterectomy and shortly after the injections of four tender regions of the anterior cutaneous nerves with 2.5 and 5.0 IU of botulinum toxin. Conclusion: Testing for @entity1931 is a validated bedside test for @entity158 sensitization. A clinical trial of botulinum toxin is indicated for the management of chronic @entity2371 associated with @entity1931 and @entity158 sensitization.

title: The Significance of XXXX in a @entity1 With Chronic Pelvic Pain.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tenderness']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Allodynia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: This is a case report of sensory assessment in a @entity1 with severe chronic @entity2371 following uterine artery embolization, and a discussion of a commonly observed sensory manifestation ( @entity1931 ) associated with chronic @entity2371 due to gynaecological conditions. Allodynia, as a common sensory abnormality can be readily detected at the bedside and represents the development of @entity158 sensitization. Emergence of abdominal and perineal @entity1931 (assessed by @entity2708 swap stroking and/or questionnaire) is associated with the development of the clinical features of sensitization: continuous @entity2371 , @entity925 , and reduced pressure @entity158 thresholds. Case: A uterine artery embolization was performed on a 42-year-old @entity1 to treat a postpartum @entity548 . The @entity1 experienced severe @entity158 immediately following the procedure, and it had persisted for one year when she was referred for chronic unrelenting @entity158 . She was found to have extensive @entity1931 , @entity409 , and reduced @entity158 thresholds. A hysterectomy was undertaken. As the @entity158 persisted, botulinum toxin was administered to the lower abdomen in the region of reduced @entity158 thresholds. Partial resolution of @entity158 , physical limitation, and @entity1931 resolved one year after the hysterectomy and shortly after the injections of four tender regions of the anterior cutaneous nerves with 2.5 and 5.0 IU of botulinum toxin. Conclusion: Testing for @entity1931 is a validated bedside test for @entity158 sensitization. A clinical trial of botulinum toxin is indicated for the management of chronic @entity2371 associated with @entity1931 and @entity158 sensitization.

title: The Significance of @entity1931 in a XXXX With Chronic Pelvic Pain.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Woman']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Spectro-Temporal Receptive Fields (STRFs) were estimated from both multi-unit sorted clusters and high-gamma power responses in @entity1 auditory cortex. Intracranial electrophysiological recordings were used to measure responses to a random chord sequence of Gammatone stimuli. Traditional methods for estimating STRFs from single-unit recordings, such as spike-triggered-averages, tend to be noisy and are less robust to other response signals such as local field potentials. We present an extension to recently advanced methods for estimating STRFs from @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ). A new variant of regression using regularization that penalizes non-zero coefficients is described, which results in a sparse solution. The frequency-time structure of the STRF tends toward grouping in different areas of frequency-time and we demonstrate that group sparsity-inducing penalties applied to @entity3628 estimates of STRFs reduces the background noise while preserving the complex internal structure. The contribution of local spiking activity to the high-gamma power signal was factored out of the STRF using the @entity3628 method, and this contribution was significant in 85 percent of the cases. Although the @entity3628 methods have been used to estimate STRFs in animals, this study examines the detailed structure directly from auditory cortex in the awake @entity1 brain. We used this approach to identify an abrupt change in the best frequency of estimated STRFs along posteromedial-to-anterolateral recording locations along the long axis of Heschl's gyrus. This change correlates well with a proposed transition from core to non-core auditory fields previously identified using the temporal response properties of Heschl's gyrus recordings elicited by click-train stimuli.

title: Sparse Spectro-Temporal Receptive Fields Based on Multi-Unit and High-Gamma Responses in XXXX Auditory Cortex.

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['GLM', 'generalized linear models']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The antinociceptive (radiant heat tail-flick), convulsant and lethal activities of @entity6882 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity37181 (NMEP) were studied after s.c. and i.c.v. administration to @entity19 . Both compounds s.c. exhibited @entity1510 -reversible antinociceptive activity. MEP (ED50 = 23 mg/kg) was 2.5 to 5 times more potent, on a molar basis, than NMEP (ED50 = 72 mg/kg). NMEP was a convulsant [ED50 = 105 mg/kg (s.c.) and 64 micrograms/ @entity19 (i.c.v.)], with a small therapeutic index relative to @entity1337 whose activity was potentiated by @entity1510 and antagonized by @entity4485 or @entity1286 , s.c. Death due to s.c. MEP was preceded by @entity410 , whereas i.c.v. MEP provoked a primarily depressant lethality. @entity1510 antagonized death due to i.c.v. MEP while unmasking its convulsant activity. It is concluded that NMEP is the principal mediator of MEPs central nervous system excitation, that @entity410 are mediated by a different population of receptors than either @entity1576 and that @entity1510 exacerbates the convulsant activity of MEP and NMEP.

title: Antinociceptive activity and toxicity of XXXX and @entity37181 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia or respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity37181 :: ('MESH:C002752', 'Chemical') :: ['normeperidine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']


abstract: The antinociceptive (radiant heat tail-flick), convulsant and lethal activities of @entity6882 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity37181 (NMEP) were studied after s.c. and i.c.v. administration to @entity19 . Both compounds s.c. exhibited @entity1510 -reversible antinociceptive activity. MEP (ED50 = 23 mg/kg) was 2.5 to 5 times more potent, on a molar basis, than NMEP (ED50 = 72 mg/kg). NMEP was a convulsant [ED50 = 105 mg/kg (s.c.) and 64 micrograms/ @entity19 (i.c.v.)], with a small therapeutic index relative to @entity1337 whose activity was potentiated by @entity1510 and antagonized by @entity4485 or @entity1286 , s.c. Death due to s.c. MEP was preceded by @entity410 , whereas i.c.v. MEP provoked a primarily depressant lethality. @entity1510 antagonized death due to i.c.v. MEP while unmasking its convulsant activity. It is concluded that NMEP is the principal mediator of MEPs central nervous system excitation, that @entity410 are mediated by a different population of receptors than either @entity1576 and that @entity1510 exacerbates the convulsant activity of MEP and NMEP.

title: Antinociceptive activity and toxicity of @entity6882 and XXXX in @entity19 .

answer: @entity37181 :: (MESH:C002752,Chemical) :: ['normeperidine']


abstract: The antinociceptive (radiant heat tail-flick), convulsant and lethal activities of @entity6882 ( @entity27026 ) and @entity37181 (NMEP) were studied after s.c. and i.c.v. administration to @entity19 . Both compounds s.c. exhibited @entity1510 -reversible antinociceptive activity. MEP (ED50 = 23 mg/kg) was 2.5 to 5 times more potent, on a molar basis, than NMEP (ED50 = 72 mg/kg). NMEP was a convulsant [ED50 = 105 mg/kg (s.c.) and 64 micrograms/ @entity19 (i.c.v.)], with a small therapeutic index relative to @entity1337 whose activity was potentiated by @entity1510 and antagonized by @entity4485 or @entity1286 , s.c. Death due to s.c. MEP was preceded by @entity410 , whereas i.c.v. MEP provoked a primarily depressant lethality. @entity1510 antagonized death due to i.c.v. MEP while unmasking its convulsant activity. It is concluded that NMEP is the principal mediator of MEPs central nervous system excitation, that @entity410 are mediated by a different population of receptors than either @entity1576 and that @entity1510 exacerbates the convulsant activity of MEP and NMEP.

title: Antinociceptive activity and toxicity of @entity6882 and @entity37181 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. Effects of hypertonic solutions prepared by adding @entity1219 or @entity969 to Krebs solution on intracellular potentials were observed in neurones of the supraoptic nucleus using brain slices of the @entity840 hypothalamus. 2. @entity4372 solutions (306-488 m-osmole/kg) depolarized the membrane, increased the input resistance and augmented the spontaneous firing rate in supraoptic neurones, whereas cells in the hippocampus and anterior or ventromedial hypothalamus were not affected by the hypertonic solutions. 3. The excitatory action of hypertonic solutions on supraoptic neurones was retained in the medium containing 0 mM- @entity141 and 12 mM-Mg2+. 4. Amplitude of the depolarization induced by superfusion of hypertonic solutions was voltage-dependent. The reversal potential for the depolarization was about -90 mV. 5. The reversal potential for the depolarization induced by hypertonic solution shifted as a function of [K+]0. 6. These results suggest that the supraoptic neurones are themselves osmosensitive and that the local osmotic-related information is transduced to neural signals in these cells by alteration in the membrane ionic permeability, probably due to suppression of K+ conductance.

title: Ionic mechanism for the osmotically-induced depolarization in neurones of the XXXX supraoptic nucleus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']