abstract: OBJECTIVES: to figure out if there are differences in access to @entity146 services between Italian and immigrant paediatric populations. DESIGN: we analysed the data of the year 2012 from the Banca dati del disagio psichico, a database on @entity458 created by the Epidemiological Unit of the Local Health Unit Milan 1 (Lombardy, Northern Italy). The database is based on a data warehouse system that integrates health and social data, and gives the opportunity to calculate the prevalence rates of the main clusters of @entity146 according to ICD-10 categories. SETTING AND @entity1 : the sample includes 162,197 residents younger than 18 years (minors), divided into 4 subgroups depending on the place of birth (Italy or abroad) and citizenship (Italian or foreign). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: we calculated the standardised treated prevalence of the 11 clusters of @entity1032 in the 4 subgroups and evaluated the Standardised Prevalence Ratio (SPR) and their confidence intervals using as reference the Italian paediatric population with Italian citizenship. RESULTS: in 2012, 7.2%minors were diagnosed a @entity1032 or accessed mental health services or were prescribed psychotropic medicines. We found the lowest SPRs of @entity146 illnesses in immigrants (0.91 born in Italy; 0.74 born abroad) and the higher in Italians born in foreign Countries (1.34). In particular, migrant minors born in Italy have lower SPR of @entity245 (0.84) and @entity74 (0.68), but higher SPR of @entity1032 (1.52) and @entity148 (1.36). Migrant minors born abroad have lower SPR of @entity245 (0.52), but higher rates of @entity1032 (1.30). Italians born in foreign Countries show a SPR for @entity1314 and @entity1032 of 4.86 and 2.02, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: immigrant minors have a lower prevalence of @entity146 than Italian minors; however, Italians born in foreign Countries show a higher prevalence of @entity146 .

title: [Analysis of XXXX between the paediatric population immigrant and resident in a Local Health Unit of Milan Province (Northern Italy)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness', 'mental retardation', 'mental diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behaviour and emotional disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1526 are at increased risk for @entity64 that may result in major clinical disability and @entity204 . Identification of risk factors involved in the genesis of @entity1031 events related to this disease may lead to improved therapeutic decision making and outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the prevalence of @entity63 cerebrovascular events (ICE) among @entity1 with @entity299 and to identify the risk factors associated with cardioembolism in this population. METHODS: This study involved 330 @entity1 , 193 were @entity1 (58%), with a mean age of 49    12 years with @entity1526 classified in the chronic cardiac form of the disease. Comprehensive echocardiography was performed to search a substrate for cardioembolic events, especially apical @entity439 and intracavitary @entity715 . RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were classified as New York Heart Association classes I or II (75%) with mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 39    14%. Sixty-seven @entity1 had a previous ICE with the overall prevalence of 20%. @entity439 were detected in 128 @entity1 (39%), whereas LV mural thrombi were found in 48 @entity1 (15%). In multivariate analysis including the potential predictors of ICE, apical @entity439 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11 to 4.34; p  = 0.024) and LV @entity715 (adjusted OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.42; p  = 0.030) emerged as important determinants of ICE, after adjusting for anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In a selected population referred to a tertiary center for @entity1526 that included @entity1 with different severities of @entity299 , the prevalence of ICE was 20%. The presence of apical @entity439 and intracavitary @entity715 were independently associated with ICE, after adjustment for other risk factors for @entity64 .

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Embolic Cerebrovascular Events Associated With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Apical aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'Chagas heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Chagas Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep dysfunction is extremely common in @entity1 with @entity161 . Recent research indicates that @entity22 may contribute to @entity716 experiences such as delusions and @entity1833 . OBJECTIVES: The review aims to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between @entity22 and individual @entity716 experiences, make links between the theoretical understanding of each, and highlight areas for future research. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies investigating sleep and @entity716 experiences across clinical and non-clinical populations. RESULTS: 66 papers were identified. This literature robustly supports the co-occurrence of @entity22 and @entity716 experiences, particularly @entity22 with @entity10963 . Sleep dysfunction predicting subsequent @entity716 experiences receives support from epidemiological surveys, research on the transition to @entity716 , and relapse studies. There is also evidence that reducing sleep elicits @entity716 experiences in non-clinical individuals, and that improving sleep in individuals with @entity716 may lessen @entity716 experiences. @entity148 and @entity308 consistently arise as (partial) mediators of the sleep and @entity716 relationship. CONCLUSION: Studies are needed that: determine the types of @entity22 linked to individual @entity716 experiences; establish a causal connection between sleep and @entity716 experiences; and assess treatments for @entity22 in @entity1 with non-affective @entity914 such as @entity161 .

title: The role of XXXX in the occurrence of delusions and @entity1833 : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['sleep dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep dysfunction is extremely common in @entity1 with @entity161 . Recent research indicates that @entity22 may contribute to @entity716 experiences such as delusions and @entity1833 . OBJECTIVES: The review aims to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between @entity22 and individual @entity716 experiences, make links between the theoretical understanding of each, and highlight areas for future research. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies investigating sleep and @entity716 experiences across clinical and non-clinical populations. RESULTS: 66 papers were identified. This literature robustly supports the co-occurrence of @entity22 and @entity716 experiences, particularly @entity22 with @entity10963 . Sleep dysfunction predicting subsequent @entity716 experiences receives support from epidemiological surveys, research on the transition to @entity716 , and relapse studies. There is also evidence that reducing sleep elicits @entity716 experiences in non-clinical individuals, and that improving sleep in individuals with @entity716 may lessen @entity716 experiences. @entity148 and @entity308 consistently arise as (partial) mediators of the sleep and @entity716 relationship. CONCLUSION: Studies are needed that: determine the types of @entity22 linked to individual @entity716 experiences; establish a causal connection between sleep and @entity716 experiences; and assess treatments for @entity22 in @entity1 with non-affective @entity914 such as @entity161 .

title: The role of @entity22 in the occurrence of delusions and XXXX : A systematic review.

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['hallucinations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as a treatment for @entity1 with @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) or as an adjunct to prolapse surgery. METHODS: Relevant literature sources were searched using databases including PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EBSCO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and CBM until 5 July 2015. Eligible studies were restricted to @entity23 ( @entity23 ). The available data were pooled using Review Manager version 5.2. For data deemed not appropriate for synthesis, a narrative overview was conducted. RESULTS: In total, 13 studies with 2,340 @entity1 were included. Our results indicated @entity1 receiving PFMT gained a greater improvement than controls in prolapse symptom score [mean difference (MD) -3.07, 95  % confidence interval (CI) -3.91 to -2.23] and @entity3577 stages [risk ratio (RR) 1.70, 95  % CI 1.19-2.44]. The number of @entity1 who said their prolapse was getting better was higher (RR 5.48, 95  % CI 2.19-13.72) and other discomfort syndromes, such as vaginal, bladder, and rectum, were lower in the PFMT groups than in controls. Meanwhile, @entity1 after PFMT had greater improvement in muscle strength and endurance but did not show a significant difference for further treatment needs. In addition, the results evaluating PFMT as an adjunct to prolapse surgery were inconclusive because of the variability in methods of measuring outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis demonstrated @entity1 who received PFMT showed a greater subjective improvement in prolapse symptoms and an objective improvement in @entity3577 severity.

title: The efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several situations in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might impact whether an cerebrovascular event is considered a new @entity64 . These include clinically non-focal events with positive imaging for acute @entity385 , and worsening of older symptoms without evidence of new @entity1188 on MRI. We sought to investigate the impact of MRI on @entity64 detection and @entity64 incidence, by describing agreement between a strictly clinical definition of @entity64 and a definition based on physician opinion, including MRI imaging findings. METHODS: All hospitalized @entity64 that occurred in five Ohio and Northern Kentucky counties (population 1.3 million) in the calendar year of 2005 were identified using ICD-9 discharge codes 430-436. The two definitions used were: "clinical case definition" which included sudden onset focal neurologic symptoms referable to a vascular territory for >24  h, compared to the "best clinical judgment of the physician definition", which considers all relevant information, including neuroimaging findings. The 95  % confidence intervals (CI) for the incidence rates were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution. Rates were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population, adjusting for age, race, and sex, and included all age groups. RESULTS: There were 2403 @entity385 events in 2269 @entity1 ; 1556 (64  %) had MRI performed. Of the events, 2049 (83  %) were cases by both definitions, 185 (7.7  %) met the clinical case definition but were non-cases in the physician's opinion and 169 (7.0  %) were non-cases by clinical definition but were cases in the physician's opinion. There was no significant difference in the incidence rates of first-ever or total @entity63 @entity64 generated by the two different definitions, or when only those with MRI imaging were included. CONCLUSIONS: We found that MRI findings do not appear to substantially change @entity64 incidence estimates, as the strictly clinical definition of @entity64 did not significantly differ from a definition that included imaging findings. Including MRI in the case definition "rules out" almost the same number of @entity64 as it "rules in".

title: The impact of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on XXXX and incidence: minimal impact within a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke detection']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 had simultaneous @entity5 of the uterine corpus and ovary. Three groups were defined on the basis of @entity5 histology: Group A: those with @entity4348 in both the uterus and ovary; Group B: those with special variants of @entity189 (papillary, clear cell, mucinous) and identical @entity5 in the ovary; and Group C: those whose uterine and @entity43 were of dissimilar histologic types. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity4348 in both sites. The median age at diagnosis, 41 years, was younger than is usual for @entity43 . For all 16 @entity1 , the grade of the @entity43 was similar to that of the @entity4348 of the uterine corpus. Seven @entity1 had bilateral @entity43 . Only one @entity1 had myometrial invasion by the @entity189 . No @entity1 with simultaneous ovarian and uterine @entity4348 , regardless of grade, has died of @entity5 although one vaginal relapse was treated successfully. This excellent survival of @entity1 with simultaneous @entity4348 is better than would be expected for either @entity5 of the endometrium or @entity43 . These simultaneously occurring endometrioid @entity5 of ovary and endometrium are considered to be separate @entity5 . The morphologic reasons for this view and therapeutic implications are discussed. In contrast to the @entity1 with @entity4348 , the eleven @entity1 with other histologic types of @entity189 in the ovary and corpus were older (median age, 61 years) and more often postmenopausal (90%). These @entity5 were more aggressive, with frequent deep myometrial involvement (63%), tubal involvement (27%), and extension to other pelvic tissues (36%) at the time of initial diagnosis. Six of these 11 @entity1 succumbed to their @entity5 despite surgical therapy and radiation. The distribution of @entity5 in some of these @entity1 with nonendometrioid types of @entity189 is suggestive of a single primary with @entity3 . The therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.

title: Simultaneous presentation of XXXX involving the ovary and the uterine corpus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'corpus or ovarian cancer', 'ovarian endometrioid carcinoma', 'Stage II ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant epithelial neoplasms', 'primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Stage III adenocarcinoma', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'corpus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To describe the feasibility of image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) using daily soft tissue matching in the treatment of @entity150 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with muscle-invasive @entity150 were recruited to a protocol of definitive radiation using IMRT with accelerated hypofractionation with @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ). Isotropic margins of .5 and 1  cm were used to generate the high risk and intermediate risk planning target volumes respectively. Cone beam CT (CBCT) was acquired daily and a soft tissue match was performed. Cystoscopy was scheduled 6  weeks post treatment. RESULTS: The median age was 83  years (range 58-92). Twenty @entity1 had @entity5 , and eight were stage IV. Gross disease received 66  Gy in 30 fractions in 11 @entity1 (ten with concurrent chemotherapy) or 55  Gy in 20 fractions for those of poorer performance status or with palliative intent. All @entity1 completed radiation treatment as planned. Three @entity1 ceased chemotherapy early due to @entity137 . Six @entity1 (21  %) had acute Grade   >=    2 genitourinary (GU) @entity137 and six (21  %) had acute Grade   >=    2 gastrointestinal (GI) @entity137 . Five @entity1 (18  %) developed Grade >= 2 late GU @entity137 and no >= 2 late GI @entity137 was observed. Nineteen @entity1 underwent cystoscopy following radiation, with complete response (CR) in 16 cases (86  %), including all @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy. Eight @entity1 relapsed, four of which were local relapses. Of the @entity1 with local recurrence, one underwent salvage cystectomy. For @entity1 treated with definitive intent, freedom from locoregional recurrence (FFLR) and overall survival (OS) was 90  %/100  % for chemoradiotherapy versus 86  %/69  % for radiotherapy alone. CONCLUSION: IG- IMRT using daily soft tissue matching is a feasible in the treatment of @entity150 , enabling the delivery of accelerated synchronous integrated boost with good early local control outcomes and low @entity137 .

title: Promising results with image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy for muscle invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II or III disease']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['SIB', 'simultaneous integrated boost']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity14 can still develop after colectomy for @entity29 . However, data on this risk are scare, and there have been few conclusive findings, so no evidence-based recommendations have been made for postoperative surveillance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity29 who have undergone colectomy, including the permanent-end @entity9 , @entity254 ( @entity254 ), and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) procedures. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through May 2014 to identify studies that reported prevalence or incidence of @entity14 after colectomy or specifically assessed risk factors for @entity5 development. Studies were selected, quality was assessed, and data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. RESULTS: We calculated @entity14 ( @entity14 ) prevalence values from 13 studies of @entity1 who underwent rectal stump surgery, 35 studies of @entity254 , and 33 studies of IPAA. Significantly higher  proportions of @entity1 in the rectal stump group (2.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-3.0%) and in the @entity254 group (2.4%; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.0%) developed @entity14 than in the IPAA group (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%); the odds ratio (OR) for @entity14 in the rectal stump or @entity254 groups compared with the IPAA group was 6.4 (95% CI, 4.3-9.5). A history of @entity14 was the most important risk factor for development of @entity14 after colectomy (OR for @entity1 receiving @entity254 , 12.8; 95% CI, 3.31-49.2 and OR for @entity1 receiving IPAA, 15.0; 95% CI, 6.6-34.5). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of published studies, we found the prevalence and incidence of @entity14 after colectomy to be less than 3%; in @entity1 receiving IPAA it was less than 1%. Factors that increased risk of @entity5 development after colectomy included the presence of a residual rectum and a history of @entity14 . These findings could aid in development of individualized strategies for post-surgery surveillance.

title: @entity5 After Colectomy in @entity1 With XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'IRA', 'ileorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'CRC', 'Colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['ileostomy and rectal stump']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity14 can still develop after colectomy for @entity29 . However, data on this risk are scare, and there have been few conclusive findings, so no evidence-based recommendations have been made for postoperative surveillance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity29 who have undergone colectomy, including the permanent-end @entity9 , @entity254 ( @entity254 ), and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) procedures. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through May 2014 to identify studies that reported prevalence or incidence of @entity14 after colectomy or specifically assessed risk factors for @entity5 development. Studies were selected, quality was assessed, and data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. RESULTS: We calculated @entity14 ( @entity14 ) prevalence values from 13 studies of @entity1 who underwent rectal stump surgery, 35 studies of @entity254 , and 33 studies of IPAA. Significantly higher  proportions of @entity1 in the rectal stump group (2.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-3.0%) and in the @entity254 group (2.4%; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.0%) developed @entity14 than in the IPAA group (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%); the odds ratio (OR) for @entity14 in the rectal stump or @entity254 groups compared with the IPAA group was 6.4 (95% CI, 4.3-9.5). A history of @entity14 was the most important risk factor for development of @entity14 after colectomy (OR for @entity1 receiving @entity254 , 12.8; 95% CI, 3.31-49.2 and OR for @entity1 receiving IPAA, 15.0; 95% CI, 6.6-34.5). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of published studies, we found the prevalence and incidence of @entity14 after colectomy to be less than 3%; in @entity1 receiving IPAA it was less than 1%. Factors that increased risk of @entity5 development after colectomy included the presence of a residual rectum and a history of @entity14 . These findings could aid in development of individualized strategies for post-surgery surveillance.

title: XXXX After Colectomy in @entity1 With @entity29 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Risk of Neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity14 can still develop after colectomy for @entity29 . However, data on this risk are scare, and there have been few conclusive findings, so no evidence-based recommendations have been made for postoperative surveillance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity29 who have undergone colectomy, including the permanent-end @entity9 , @entity254 ( @entity254 ), and ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) procedures. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through May 2014 to identify studies that reported prevalence or incidence of @entity14 after colectomy or specifically assessed risk factors for @entity5 development. Studies were selected, quality was assessed, and data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. RESULTS: We calculated @entity14 ( @entity14 ) prevalence values from 13 studies of @entity1 who underwent rectal stump surgery, 35 studies of @entity254 , and 33 studies of IPAA. Significantly higher  proportions of @entity1 in the rectal stump group (2.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-3.0%) and in the @entity254 group (2.4%; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.0%) developed @entity14 than in the IPAA group (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%); the odds ratio (OR) for @entity14 in the rectal stump or @entity254 groups compared with the IPAA group was 6.4 (95% CI, 4.3-9.5). A history of @entity14 was the most important risk factor for development of @entity14 after colectomy (OR for @entity1 receiving @entity254 , 12.8; 95% CI, 3.31-49.2 and OR for @entity1 receiving IPAA, 15.0; 95% CI, 6.6-34.5). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of published studies, we found the prevalence and incidence of @entity14 after colectomy to be less than 3%; in @entity1 receiving IPAA it was less than 1%. Factors that increased risk of @entity5 development after colectomy included the presence of a residual rectum and a history of @entity14 . These findings could aid in development of individualized strategies for post-surgery surveillance.

title: @entity5 After Colectomy in XXXX With @entity29 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are frequent. Impact of @entity146 on quality of life has recently become a relevant topic of research due to its potential to develop targeted therapies to improve quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of @entity146 in @entity1 with @entity191 using the Parkinson's DiseaseQuestionnaire Short Form (PDQ-8). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity191 were evaluated with the @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and PDQ-8 scales separately. Association between @entity146 and quality of life was explored using, means comparisons, correlation coefficients and multiple regression models. RESULTS: A total of 492 @entity1 were included for the study. Overall, 44.5% had @entity716 symptoms, 76.5% had alterations on mood/apathy domains, and 27% had an @entity23 . All @entity146 had an effect on the PDQ-8 with a moderate to large effect size. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.63 between @entity146 and quality of life (p< 0.001, in all cases). The regression model showed that mood/apathy alterations and impulse control disorders, along with MDS-UPDRS III accounted for 49.8% of variance in the PDQ-8 simplified index (F=122.98; p< 0.001). Mood/apathy alterations showed the highest correlation coefficient (0.63, p< 0.001) and b (0.53, p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the presence and severity of @entity146 , in particular mood/apathy alterations,had  a  significant impact on quality of life in subjects with @entity191 .

title: Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on the Quality of Life of Subjects with  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['SEND-PD', "Parkinson's disease", "Scale for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulse control disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: In order to assess the diagnostic value of @entity4341 (D) testing, we studied the responses of 34 @entity1 with @entity662 and 10 normal subjects. Blood pressure and 12-lead ECG were recorded during and after intravenous infusion of 0.6 mg/kg @entity4341 for 10 minutes. Coronary arteriography and maximal or symptom-limited exercise tests were performed in the 34 @entity1 with @entity662 . During infusion 13 @entity1 presented @entity63 ST changes and 5 with @entity158 only. The latter group had normal coronary arteries. Among the 13 @entity1 with @entity63 ST changes, 7 had at least two critical @entity3979 and the remaining 6 had no coronary lesions. @entity4341 tests showed poor sensitivity (44%) and specificity (39%) with respect to coronary arteriography. The relatively high number of positive responses in subjects with normal coronary arteries indicates that the coronary steal phenomenon is not the sole cause of " @entity63 " response to the drug. Indirect indexes of myocardial @entity26 consumption were higher in @entity1 with a positive response to drug infusion than in those with a negative response; however the value of rate-pressure product at infusion end never reached that observed at @entity63 threshold during exercise testing in the same @entity1 . This suggests that neither can @entity26 consumption increase be considered as entirely responsible for @entity63 response to @entity4341 . In conclusion @entity4341 test cannot be proposed for predicting critical @entity3979 .

title: Assessment of diagnostic value of XXXX testing in angina pectoris.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenoses']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

answer: @entity4341 :: (MESH:D004176,Chemical) :: ['dipyridamole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity5 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity788 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity788 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity1 @entity788 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity5 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity136 treatment. These @entity5 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity10430 , @entity4729 and @entity1759 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity23332 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity5 properties. Here, we found that @entity23332 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity2423 , @entity16719 , @entity10430 , @entity8889 and @entity125 . More importantly, @entity23332 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity5 suppressor miRNAs and @entity18076 increased by @entity23332 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity125 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity788 stem-like cells and @entity23332 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX downregulates @entity125 signaling via modulating @entity18076 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity5 stem-like cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity23332 :: (MESH:C054597,Chemical) :: ['Garcinol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity5 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity788 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity788 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity1 @entity788 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity5 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity136 treatment. These @entity5 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity10430 , @entity4729 and @entity1759 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity23332 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity5 properties. Here, we found that @entity23332 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity2423 , @entity16719 , @entity10430 , @entity8889 and @entity125 . More importantly, @entity23332 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity5 suppressor miRNAs and @entity18076 increased by @entity23332 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity125 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity788 stem-like cells and @entity23332 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity23332 downregulates XXXX signaling via modulating @entity18076 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity5 stem-like cells.

answer: @entity125 :: (4851,Gene) :: ['Notch1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity5 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity788 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity788 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity1 @entity788 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity5 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity136 treatment. These @entity5 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity10430 , @entity4729 and @entity1759 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity23332 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity5 properties. Here, we found that @entity23332 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity2423 , @entity16719 , @entity10430 , @entity8889 and @entity125 . More importantly, @entity23332 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity5 suppressor miRNAs and @entity18076 increased by @entity23332 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity125 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity788 stem-like cells and @entity23332 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity23332 downregulates @entity125 signaling via modulating XXXX and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity5 stem-like cells.

answer: @entity18076 :: (406985,Gene) :: ['miR-200c']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity788 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity5 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity788 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity788 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity1 @entity788 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity5 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity136 treatment. These @entity5 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity10430 , @entity4729 and @entity1759 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity23332 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity5 properties. Here, we found that @entity23332 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity2423 , @entity16719 , @entity10430 , @entity8889 and @entity125 . More importantly, @entity23332 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity5 suppressor miRNAs and @entity18076 increased by @entity23332 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity125 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity788 stem-like cells and @entity23332 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity23332 downregulates @entity125 signaling via modulating @entity18076 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 XXXX stem-like cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A simple screening method served to detect @entity3405 antibiotic-tolerant variants of clinical isolates and laboratory control strains of @entity794 , S. epidermis, group B beta-hemolytic streptococci, and @entity5125 . The beta-lactamase(s) of a multiple drug-resistant strain of @entity7100 (isolate No. 19) yielded most consistent results as compared with several other beta-lactamase producers; the @entity7100 beta-lactamase(s) was neutralized by @entity798 . Spot inocula of @entity7100 isolate No. 19, following overnight "induction" with 1 microgram/ml of @entity869 and 3 microgram/ml of @entity5821 in tryptic soya broth, were applied centrally to @entity3405 antibiotic inhibition zones of Bauer-Kirby antibiogram plates (Mueller-Hinton agar, @entity16611 , and diagnostic sensitivity test agar, DSTA) following removal of the appropriate disks. The spot-inoculated plates were incubated overnight at 35 degrees C and inspected for satellite growths of tolerant variants around the @entity7100 spot inocula. Satellite growths of less than or equal to 10 colonies were interpreted to indicate tolerance of the relevant cell wall synthesis inhibitor. The method readily permitted detection of variants tolerant for @entity869 , @entity5821 , @entity3397 , @entity3400 , @entity17286 , and @entity3401 . However, strains documented by minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations to be tolerant for @entity3524 , @entity3398 , @entity8912 , and @entity2176 only rarely gave rise to respective satellite growths. DSTA proved superior to @entity16611 with respect to "rescue" of inhibited tolerant staphylococcal variants; furthermore, the diameters of inhibition zones obtained on DSTA correlated well with those on @entity16611 . Therefore, DSTA was adopted as the routine test medium for clinical staphylococcal isolates.

title: Simple screening method for gram-positive bacterial XXXX antibiotic tolerance on routine laboratory Bauer-Kirby antibiogram plates.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity17286 :: ('MESH:D001390', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin']

entities_list: @entity3401 :: ('MESH:D008802', 'Chemical') :: ['mezlocillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae', 'E. cloacae']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with the @entity3155 underwent operation for ablation of an accessory pathway. The @entity1 were young (mean age 28.1 years) and 20% had @entity299 . In 24, markedly symptomatic refractory @entity4710 had been present for a mean of 12.6 years. The accessory pathway was right or left ventricular free wall in 22 @entity1 and septal in 3 @entity1 . Operation resulted in persistent ablation of the pathway in 80% of the @entity1 . There was no perioperative mortality and no persistent complete @entity616 . During a mean follow-up of 15.6 months, 83.3% of @entity1 with a preoperative history of @entity4710 had no recurrence of the @entity943 . Two @entity1 (8.3%) had macro-reentry paroxysmal @entity4710 related to a persistently functioning bypass tract. The remaining two @entity1 had @entity4710 unrelated to a functioning accessory pathway. We conclude that the surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity3155 ( @entity3153 ) is safe and effective. It should be considered (1) in @entity1 who are markedly symptomatic with refractory @entity4710 , (2) in those who have the potential for @entity1164 , (3) in younger @entity1 with symptomatic @entity591 in whom there is concern about the long-term effects of antidysrhythmic treatment, and (4) in @entity1 with @entity591 who are undergoing cardiac surgery for repair of associated conditions.

title: The XXXX : a surgical approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity3155 :: ('MESH:D011226', 'Disease') :: ['preexcitation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: @entity71248 and @entity71249 inhibit @entity165 biosynthesis and result in the accumulation of @entity19980 . @entity33255 , another inhibitor, produces an accumulation of @entity14952 . Adult male C3H @entity19 receive one of these drugs intraperitoneally. Livers, adrenal glands, and testes from each drug group are excised, and portions of each are analyzed by a modified Liebermann-Burchard reaction for quantitation of @entity3150 . Adrenals and testes are examined also by electron microscopy. Fine-structural localization of acid phosphatase has been studied in @entity71248 -treated adrenal glands. Biochemical analysis reveals that 14-64% of the @entity3150 occurs as @entity19980 or @entity14952 . Fine-structural alterations in the adrenal glands and testes from each drug group are essentially identical. The predominant cytological feature is the occurrence of increased numbers of pleomorphic, unit-membrane-limited, electron-opaque, cytoplasmic inclusions. Hence, the cellular modifications following @entity71248 administration are not unique, as has been suggested. They represent a generalized phenomenon, probably related to inhibition of @entity165 biosynthesis, which is an effect common to each drug. @entity71250 reaction product (indicating acid phosphatase activity) is demonstrable within these membrane-limited cytoplasmic bodies, identifying them as morphological lysosomes. The utilization of a lysosomal mechanism in @entity5068 -synthesizing cells, which are accumulating @entity165 intermediates, is discussed.

title: An ultrastructural and biochemical study of the effects of three inhibitors of XXXX biosynthesis upon @entity19 adrenal gland and testis. Histochemical evidence for a lysosome response.

entities_list: @entity71250 :: ('MESH:C036682', 'Chemical') :: ['Lead phosphate']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity71248 :: ('MESH:D014308', 'Chemical') :: ['Triparanol', 'triparanol']

entities_list: @entity19980 :: ('MESH:D003897', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosterol']

entities_list: @entity71249 :: ('MESH:D001373', 'Chemical') :: ['20,25-diazacholesterol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity71248 and @entity71249 inhibit @entity165 biosynthesis and result in the accumulation of @entity19980 . @entity33255 , another inhibitor, produces an accumulation of @entity14952 . Adult male C3H @entity19 receive one of these drugs intraperitoneally. Livers, adrenal glands, and testes from each drug group are excised, and portions of each are analyzed by a modified Liebermann-Burchard reaction for quantitation of @entity3150 . Adrenals and testes are examined also by electron microscopy. Fine-structural localization of acid phosphatase has been studied in @entity71248 -treated adrenal glands. Biochemical analysis reveals that 14-64% of the @entity3150 occurs as @entity19980 or @entity14952 . Fine-structural alterations in the adrenal glands and testes from each drug group are essentially identical. The predominant cytological feature is the occurrence of increased numbers of pleomorphic, unit-membrane-limited, electron-opaque, cytoplasmic inclusions. Hence, the cellular modifications following @entity71248 administration are not unique, as has been suggested. They represent a generalized phenomenon, probably related to inhibition of @entity165 biosynthesis, which is an effect common to each drug. @entity71250 reaction product (indicating acid phosphatase activity) is demonstrable within these membrane-limited cytoplasmic bodies, identifying them as morphological lysosomes. The utilization of a lysosomal mechanism in @entity5068 -synthesizing cells, which are accumulating @entity165 intermediates, is discussed.

title: An ultrastructural and biochemical study of the effects of three inhibitors of @entity165 biosynthesis upon XXXX adrenal gland and testis. Histochemical evidence for a lysosome response.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The clinical course and the clinical and pathological factors were studied in a series of 112 in-hospital @entity1 who died of acute @entity583 . A necropsy was performed in 101 cases. 44% of the victims were concluded to have been past the possibility of recovery at the time of admission, as the treatment of early @entity2224 or @entity1167 did not lead to a satisfactory result, or as a @entity712 or shock dominated from admission to death. Resuscitations due to early @entity2224 were performed in the emergency department mainly on @entity1 living near the hospital. On the other hand, an early @entity712 was more frequent among those whose transit distance was over 15 km. Prior use of beta-receptor blockers seemed to protect against early complications. The cardiac functions of the remaining @entity1 were normal or could be normalized at the beginning of the hospitalization. The great majority of them were later lost as a result of extensive @entity16 leading to a @entity712 and some due to a @entity397 caused by @entity1188 (8%) or due to @entity887 (10%). Only 11 @entity1 (10%) succumbed to late @entity2224 without @entity712 , @entity397 , or @entity887 . The @entity299 revealed by the necropsy was more severe in @entity1 with a @entity712 than in those who died of late @entity2224 or @entity397 without a preceding @entity712 . Various @entity943 were frequent during the hospitalization. 74% of the @entity943 were preceded or followed by symptoms of a @entity712 .

title: In-hospital death from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the myocardium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic complications', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peptide assembly plays a seminal role in the fabrication of structural and functional architectures in cells. Characteristically, peptide assemblies are often dominated by b-sheet structures, wherein component molecules are connected by backbone @entity3884 bonds in a parallel or an antiparallel fashion. While b-rich peptide scaffolds are implicated in an array of @entity179 , the mechanisms by which toxic peptides assemble and mediate neuropathic effects are still poorly understood. In this work, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the adsorption and assembly of the fragment Ab33-42 (taken from the Ab-42 peptide widely associated with @entity195 ) on a @entity15583 surface. We observe that such Ab33-42 fragments, which are largely hydrophobic in character, readily adsorb onto the graphitic surface and coalesce into a well-structured, b-strand-like assembly. Strikingly, the structure of such complex is quite unique: hydrophobic side-chains extend over the @entity15583 surface and interact with adjacent peptides, yielding a well-defined mosaic of hydrophobic interaction patches. This ordered structure is markedly depleted of backbone @entity3884 bonds. Hence, our simulation results reveal a distinct type of b-strand assembly, maintained by hydrophobic side-chain interactions. Our finding suggests the backbone @entity3884 bond is no longer crucial to the peptide assembly. Further studies concerning whether such b-strand assembly can be realized in other peptide systems and in biologically-relevant contexts are certainly warranted.

title: A novel form of b-strand assembly observed in Ab33-42 adsorbed onto XXXX .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity15583 :: (MESH:D006108,Chemical) :: ['graphene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although transfemoral access (TFA) remains the standard of care for @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the USA, TRA is being increasingly used over TFA due to lower bleeding and mortality rates on the basis of meta-analyses and recently published MATRIX trial. In @entity1 with unsuccessful ipsilateral radial access, TUA has been used as an alternative approach. The @entity23 ( @entity23 ) comparing TUA and TRA have reached mixed conclusions regarding the use of transulnar approach for coronary procedures. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of published @entity23 comparing the safety and efficacy of transulnar access (TUA) vs. transradial access (TRA) in @entity1 undergoing CA or PCI. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for @entity23 since inception through December, 2014. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. RESULTS: Five @entity23 involving 2,744 total @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. TUA compared with TRA had similar risks of MACE [risk ratio (RR): 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-1.36; P   =   0.54] and access-related complications [RR: 0.92 (0.67-1.27); P   =   0.62]. Higher rates of access cross-over [RR: 2.31 (1.07-4.98); P   =   0.003] and number of punctures [1.57 vs. 1.4; mean difference (MD): 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.26; P   =   0.0002] were noted with TUA. There was no difference in arterial access time [12.8 vs. 10.9 min; MD: 1.86 (-1.35-5.7); P   =   0.26], fluoroscopy time [7.6 vs. 7.2 min; MD: 0.37 (-0.39   -   1.13); P   =   0.34] and contrast volume [151 vs. 153.7 ml; MD: -2.74 (-17.21   -   11.73); P   =   0.71]. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 requiring CA or PCI, TUA compared with TRA has similar efficacy and safety except for higher puncture rates and access cross-over.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Transulnar versus transradial access for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomized controlled trials']


abstract: Contamination of platelet units by bacteria has long been acknowledged as a significant transfusion risk due to their post-donation storage conditions. Products are routinely stored at 22   C on an agitating shaker, a condition that can promote bacterial growth. Although the total number of bacteria believed to be introduced into a platelet product is extremely low, these bacteria can multiply to a very high titer prior to transfusion, potentially resulting in serious adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate a @entity8728 based pathogen reduction process against a panel of bacteria that have been identified as common contaminants of platelet products. This panel included the following organisms: @entity5938 , @entity794 , @entity6419 , @entity4195 , @entity5134 , @entity2820 , B. neotomae, @entity5259 , E. coli, @entity796 and @entity3274 . Each platelet unit was inoculated with a high bacterial load and samples were removed both before and after treatment. A colony forming assay, using an end point dilution scheme, was used to determine the pre-treatment and post-treatment bacterial titers. Log reduction was calculated by subtracting the post-treatment titer from the pre-treatment titer. The following log reductions were observed: @entity5938 4.7 log (99.998%), @entity794 4.8 log (99.998%), @entity6419 3.7 log (99.98%), @entity4195 2.6 log (99.7%), @entity5134 4.0 log (99.99%), @entity2820 3.3 log (99.95%), B. neotomae 5.4 log (99.9996%), @entity5259 2.6 log (99.7%), @entity526 >= 5.4 log (99.9996%), @entity796 4.7 log (99.998%) and @entity3274 2.8 log (99.8%). The results from this study suggest the process could help to lower the risk of severe adverse transfusion events associated with bacterial contamination.

title: Treatment of Platelet Products with XXXX and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y. enterocolitica']

answer: @entity8728 :: (MESH:D012256,Chemical) :: ['Riboflavin']


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity105 , groups of hairless @entity19 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) in @entity1324 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity1862 (HU) 30 min before @entity7045 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7045 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7045 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity1489 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7045 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7045 application, more @entity5 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of @entity7044 skin XXXX by inhibiting cell proliferation with @entity1862 or skin extracts.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity105 , groups of hairless @entity19 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) in @entity1324 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity1862 (HU) 30 min before @entity7045 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7045 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7045 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity1489 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7045 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7045 application, more @entity5 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of XXXX skin @entity105 by inhibiting cell proliferation with @entity1862 or skin extracts.

answer: @entity7044 :: (MESH:D008770,Chemical) :: ['methylnitrosourea']


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity105 , groups of hairless @entity19 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) in @entity1324 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity1862 (HU) 30 min before @entity7045 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7045 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7045 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity1489 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7045 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7045 application, more @entity5 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of @entity7044 skin @entity105 by inhibiting cell proliferation with XXXX or skin extracts.

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: @entity4021 virus (FMDV) causes morbidity and mortality in a range of animals and threatens local economies by acting as a barrier to international trade. The outbreak in the United Kingdom in 2001 that cost billions to control highlighted the risk that the pathogen poses to agriculture. In response, several mathematical models have been developed to parameterize and predict both transmission dynamics and optimal disease control. However, a lack of understanding of the multi-strain etiology prevents characterization of multi-strain dynamics. Here, we use data from FMDV serology in an endemic setting to probe strain-specific transmission and immunodynamics. Five serotypes of FMDV affect @entity291 in the Far North Region of Cameroon. We fit both catalytic and reverse catalytic models to serological data to estimate the force of @entity281 and the rate of waning immunity, and to detect periods of sustained transmission. For serotypes @entity71251 , SAT3, and type A, a model assuming life-long immunity fit better. For serotypes @entity71252 and type O, the better-fit model suggests that immunity may wane over time. Our analysis further indicates that type O has the greatest force of @entity281 and the longest duration of immunity. Estimates for the force of @entity281 were time-varying and indicated that serotypes @entity71252 and O displayed endemic dynamics, serotype A displayed epidemic dynamics, and @entity71251 and SAT3 did not sustain local chains of transmission. Since these results were obtained from the same population at the same time, they highlight important differences in transmission specific to each serotype. They also show that immunity wanes at rates specific to each serotype, which influences patterns of local persistence. Overall, this work shows that viral serotypes can differ significantly in their epidemiological and immunological characteristics. Patterns and processes that drive transmission in endemic settings must consider complex viral dynamics for accurate representation and interpretation.

title: Serotype-Specific Transmission and Waning Immunity of Endemic XXXX Virus in Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['Foot-and-mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4021 :: (MESH:D005536,Disease) :: ['Foot-and-Mouth Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral @entity379 was unsuccessful as a treatment for @entity3794 . Inhaled @entity379 targeted to the lungs may be more effective. Our @entity1 , a 56-year-old male with biopsy proven @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and declining pulmonary function tests (PFTs) was initially diagnosed with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). He enrolled in a 2-year research protocol and was treated with inhaled @entity2772 times per week. After completion of the protocol, he was able to secure the drug and continued therapy for a total of 7 years. He felt better, returning to work. His only complaint was transient cough during inhalation. PFTs improved (e.g., DLCO, 58% at baseline, 81% at 2 years, 69% currently). Clinical monitoring showed preserved exercise tolerance and stable CT scans. He was ultimately diagnosed (year 5) with @entity2631 -like connective tissue disease after he developed @entity17351 and a positive antinuclear antibody. Inhaled @entity379 was well tolerated for 7 years and may stabilize @entity358 .

title: Pulmonary Fibrosis Treated with Inhaled XXXX ( @entity379 ).

entities_list: @entity17351 :: ('MESH:C535336', 'Disease') :: ['sclerodactyly']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia', 'IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y (100    g, Actimmune, Horizon Pharma, Deerfield, IL) 3']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon-gamma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral @entity379 was unsuccessful as a treatment for @entity3794 . Inhaled @entity379 targeted to the lungs may be more effective. Our @entity1 , a 56-year-old male with biopsy proven @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and declining pulmonary function tests (PFTs) was initially diagnosed with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). He enrolled in a 2-year research protocol and was treated with inhaled @entity2772 times per week. After completion of the protocol, he was able to secure the drug and continued therapy for a total of 7 years. He felt better, returning to work. His only complaint was transient cough during inhalation. PFTs improved (e.g., DLCO, 58% at baseline, 81% at 2 years, 69% currently). Clinical monitoring showed preserved exercise tolerance and stable CT scans. He was ultimately diagnosed (year 5) with @entity2631 -like connective tissue disease after he developed @entity17351 and a positive antinuclear antibody. Inhaled @entity379 was well tolerated for 7 years and may stabilize @entity358 .

title: Pulmonary Fibrosis Treated with Inhaled @entity379 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-y']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine and critique various models guiding the care and education of @entity1 with @entity6 , to develop more helpful and effective approaches to care. The focus is on relationships and communication between @entity1 and healthcare providers. BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 are not adhering to the recommended treatments, hence it seems that effective @entity6 care is difficult to achieve, particularly for @entity1 of lower socio-economic status, who are disproportionately afflicted. The results are usually devastating, and lead to serious health complications that incisively diminish quality of life for @entity1 with @entity6 , frustrate healthcare providers and increase healthcare costs. DESIGN: Critical review. METHOD: This paper represents a critical review of various approaches to @entity6 care and education. A CINAHL search with relevant key words was carried out and selected exemplary research studies and articles describing and/or evaluating the various approaches to @entity6 care and management were examined. Particular attention was paid to how the paradigmatic underpinnings of these approaches construct @entity1 - healthcare provider relationships. CONCLUSION: The literature revealed that the traditional top-down approaches to care were largely ineffective, while collaborative approaches, based in respect and taking the whole @entity1 and their unique situations into account, were found to be central to good care. Further, an integration of the different kinds of knowledge contained in the various approaches can complement and extend one another. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Avoiding devastating complications by improving the management of @entity6 and overall quality of life of @entity1 is a worthwhile goal. Therefore expanding @entity6 care beyond the traditional bio-medical model to develop more effective approaches to care is of interest to all healthcare professionals working in this area.

title: An expanded model of XXXX care based in an analysis and critique of current approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity3612 and removes @entity3158 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity840 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity842 donor ( @entity1854 ; @entity4982 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity1341 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity840 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity840 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity4982 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity1341 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, XXXX , and @entity1341 on cochlear fluid pH of @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['sodium nitroprusside']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity3612 and removes @entity3158 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity840 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity842 donor ( @entity1854 ; @entity4982 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity1341 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity840 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity840 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity4982 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity1341 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, @entity1854 , and XXXX on cochlear fluid pH of @entity840 .

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity3612 and removes @entity3158 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity3157 / @entity3158 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity840 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity842 donor ( @entity1854 ; @entity4982 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity1341 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity840 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity840 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity4982 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity1341 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, @entity1854 , and @entity1341 on cochlear fluid pH of XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1948 nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for their use in, e.g., thin film solar cells due to their electro-optical properties adjustable on the nanoscale. Therefore, the production of well-defined NPs is of major interest. For a targeted production process, the knowledge of the stabilization layer of the NPs during and after their formation is of particular importance. For the study of the stabilizer layer of @entity1948 NPs prepared in a wet chemical synthesis from @entity35455 , only ex situ studies have been performed so far. An @entity598 layer bound to the surface of the dried NPs was found; however, an in situ study which addresses the stabilizing layer surrounding the NPs in a native dispersion was missing. By the combination of small angle scattering with neutrons and X-rays (SANS and SAXS) for the same sample, we are now able to observe the @entity598 shell in situ for the first time. In addition, the changes of this shell could be followed during the ripening process for different temperatures. With increasing size of the @entity1948 core (dcore) the surrounding shell (dshell) becomes larger, and the @entity598 concentration within the shell is reduced. For all samples, the shell thickness was found to be larger than the maximum extension of an @entity598 molecule with @entity598 concentrations within the shell below 50 vol %. Thus, there is not a monolayer of @entity598 molecules that covers the NPs but rather a swollen shell of @entity598 ions. This shell is assumed to hinder the growth of the NPs to larger macrostructures. In addition, we found that the partition coefficient   between @entity598 in the shell surrounding the NPs and the total amount of @entity598 in the solution is about 10% which is in good agreement with ex situ data determined by thermogravimetric analysis.

title: A Combined SAXS/SANS Study for the in Situ Characterization of Ligand Shells on Small Nanoparticles: The Case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35455 :: ('MESH:D019345', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc acetate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity1948 :: (CHEBI:50836,Chemical) :: ['ZnO']


abstract: Importance: @entity1 episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), an age-associated @entity179 that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of @entity1 episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. Objective: To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and @entity195 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57   968 @entity1 . The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n   =   1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity303 in Primary Care @entity1 cohort consisted of 763 elderly @entity1 without @entity303 who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54   162 @entity1 (17   008 @entity1 with @entity195 and 37   154 control @entity1 ). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Main Outcomes and Measures: Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity303 in Primary Care @entity1 cohort was quantified by picture and @entity2414 . In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of @entity195 served as the phenotype of interest. Results: In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the @entity460 signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity460 (P   =   2   *   10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P   =   .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly @entity1 (P   =   .004). Hippocampal activation (P   =   4   *   10-4) and the risk for @entity195 (P   =   .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity460 . Conclusions and Relevance: By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly @entity1 , this study identified that @entity460 signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent @entity1 memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.

title: Genetic Analysis of Association Between XXXX Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic AD', 'AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal delayed free recall tasks']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Importance: @entity1 episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), an age-associated @entity179 that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of @entity1 episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. Objective: To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and @entity195 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57   968 @entity1 . The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n   =   1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity303 in Primary Care @entity1 cohort consisted of 763 elderly @entity1 without @entity303 who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54   162 @entity1 (17   008 @entity1 with @entity195 and 37   154 control @entity1 ). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Main Outcomes and Measures: Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity303 in Primary Care @entity1 cohort was quantified by picture and @entity2414 . In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of @entity195 served as the phenotype of interest. Results: In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the @entity460 signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity460 (P   =   2   *   10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P   =   .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly @entity1 (P   =   .004). Hippocampal activation (P   =   4   *   10-4) and the risk for @entity195 (P   =   .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity460 . Conclusions and Relevance: By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly @entity1 , this study identified that @entity460 signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent @entity1 memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.

title: Genetic Analysis of Association Between @entity460 Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The perception of being a burden or self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with suicide ideation in @entity1118 @entity1 (CPPs). The objective of this study was to determine if SPB is associated with five types of suicidality (wish to die, active suicide ideation, presence of suicide plan, history of suicide attempts, and preference for @entity204 over being disabled) in CPPs and acute @entity158 @entity1 (APPs). METHODS: Affirmation of SPB was statistically compared between community nonpatients without @entity158 (CNPWP), APPs, and CPPs. APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality were compared statistically for affirmation of SPB. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to determine the significance of SPB in predicting each of the five types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs controlling for age, gender, race, education status, and two types of measures of @entity308 (current @entity308 ). RESULTS: APPs and CPPs were statistically more likely to affirm SPB than CNPWPs and CPPs were more likely than APPs to do so. There were no differences between APPs and CPPs in affirming SPB in APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality. In CPPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion utilizing both types of @entity308 measures. For APPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion except for history of suicide attempt controlling for vegetative @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: SPB is associated with the vast majority of different types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs.

title: The Perception of Being a Burden in Acute and XXXX @entity1 is Associated with Affirmation of Different Types of Suicidality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depression and vegetative depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The perception of being a burden or self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with suicide ideation in @entity1118 @entity1 (CPPs). The objective of this study was to determine if SPB is associated with five types of suicidality (wish to die, active suicide ideation, presence of suicide plan, history of suicide attempts, and preference for @entity204 over being disabled) in CPPs and acute @entity158 @entity1 (APPs). METHODS: Affirmation of SPB was statistically compared between community nonpatients without @entity158 (CNPWP), APPs, and CPPs. APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality were compared statistically for affirmation of SPB. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to determine the significance of SPB in predicting each of the five types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs controlling for age, gender, race, education status, and two types of measures of @entity308 (current @entity308 ). RESULTS: APPs and CPPs were statistically more likely to affirm SPB than CNPWPs and CPPs were more likely than APPs to do so. There were no differences between APPs and CPPs in affirming SPB in APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality. In CPPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion utilizing both types of @entity308 measures. For APPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion except for history of suicide attempt controlling for vegetative @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: SPB is associated with the vast majority of different types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs.

title: The Perception of Being a Burden in Acute and @entity1118 XXXX is Associated with Affirmation of Different Types of Suicidality.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity348 ( @entity348 ) of continuously infused @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity1 who were receiving combined @entity1487 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity1 (group A) had Stage III @entity420 or @entity2 ; none had known @entity3 . Five @entity1 had @entity1820 (group B), without known hepatic @entity3 . Four had @entity1820 with evidence of hepatic @entity3 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity1487 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 have @entity1487 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity1 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity1 in group C attained the higher serum @entity1487 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity1 in the other two groups; differences in @entity137 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity1487 for hepatic metabolism to @entity1 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity1487 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused @entity1487 in adults having lung or XXXX with or without hepatic @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total body clearances', 'TBC']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity348 ( @entity348 ) of continuously infused @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity1 who were receiving combined @entity1487 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity1 (group A) had Stage III @entity420 or @entity2 ; none had known @entity3 . Five @entity1 had @entity1820 (group B), without known hepatic @entity3 . Four had @entity1820 with evidence of hepatic @entity3 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity1487 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 have @entity1487 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity1 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity1 in group C attained the higher serum @entity1487 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity1 in the other two groups; differences in @entity137 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity1487 for hepatic metabolism to @entity1 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity1487 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused @entity1487 in adults having lung or @entity1820 with or without hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity348 ( @entity348 ) of continuously infused @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity1 who were receiving combined @entity1487 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity1 (group A) had Stage III @entity420 or @entity2 ; none had known @entity3 . Five @entity1 had @entity1820 (group B), without known hepatic @entity3 . Four had @entity1820 with evidence of hepatic @entity3 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity1487 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 have @entity1487 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity1 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity1 in group C attained the higher serum @entity1487 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity1 in the other two groups; differences in @entity137 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity1487 for hepatic metabolism to @entity1 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity1487 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused XXXX in adults having lung or @entity1820 with or without hepatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ), including @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity22400 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity792 , including @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity71253 in the @entity22400 gene is associated with @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity1669 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity2743 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity2621 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity71253 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism ( @entity71253 ) and @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity22400 gene polymorphism @entity71253 and susceptibility to @entity2743 , @entity2621 and @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism @entity71253 in XXXX gene with @entity1669 in a Chinese Han population.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity22400 :: (6583,Gene) :: ['SLC22A4']