abstract: Prematurity remains the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in Singapore. Prevention of prematurity is therefore of vital importance. Epidemiological methods using historical variables have been superseded by ongoing pregnancy factors including work, exercise and cervical dilatation. @entity7309 levels bear a positive correlation to duration and cervical dilatation but are not elevated at onset. PGE production is high in ruptured membranes. @entity1420 and relaxin are potent inhibitors before labour. Infection must play an important role in developing countries as organisms not thought of to be pathogenic produce @entity3900 . For prediction, cervical assessment and topography are proving important. In view of the dangerous side effects of tocolytic drugs and the difficulty in diagnosis of @entity3152 , absence of fetal breathing is a useful index of progressive labour. In those labours that are advanced, whether to allow vaginal delivery or not will be determined by the presentation and condition of the fetus. The complementary role of other drugs to reduce morbidity from @entity8855 and @entity548 is being studied. @entity2241 should be avoided and the @entity1 delivered without @entity130 under optimal circumstances. In utero transfer to a facility with neonatal intensive care carries a better prognosis for the baby.

title: Current concepts in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal acidosis']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labour']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a novel approach to @entity1138 (MC) application during trabeculectomy surgery and to report the 1-year results of surgery using this technique. METHODS: One hundred and eight consecutive trabeculectomies and phaco-trabeculectomies using MC were performed by a single consultant surgeon, using a standardized technique. This technique involved injecting MC into the Tenon's layer during the procedure, rather than applying it directly to the under-surface of the conjunctiva. RESULTS: Preoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 23.6 +/- 5.8 mmHg. Mean IOP 12 months following surgery was 12.2 +/- 3.9 mmHg. Seventy-six eyes (70.3%) had an IOP less than 2/3 listing IOP at 12 months without the need for anti- @entity726 medication. Ninety-three eyes (86%) had an IOP <21 mmHg, 79 (73%) had an IOP <16 mmHg and 62 (57%) had an IOP <14 mmHg without anti- @entity726 medication at 12 months. Transient complications included hyphaema, @entity4530 and @entity1713 in 14.8%, 5.6% and 15.7% of cases, respectively. @entity8814 (defined as IOP <7 mmHg, excluding the first day postoperatively) was seen in 21.3% of cases. At 12 months, 21 eyes (19.4%) had @entity4530 and five (4.6%) had Tenon's cysts with an IOP greater than 20 mmHg. CONCLUSION: A novel means of applying intraoperative MC is described. The 12-month outcome data show it to be an effective technique that compares favourably with others in the literature.

title: Trabeculectomy surgery augmented with intra-Tenon injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bleb leak', 'cystic blebs']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Experimental reports have proved that @entity3645 damage the @entity356 . Moreover it is now accepted that duodenogastric reflux occurs in 20-30% of cholecystectomized @entity1 . The Authors, with the purpose of defining a correlation between @entity1819 by @entity20705 and @entity9834 have taken into consideration two groups of 14 @entity1 each. To the first group belonged cholecystectomized @entity1 , who had @entity158 , constant heart burn, with associated @entity391 and @entity417 . To the second group belonged asymptomatic @entity1 with previous cholecystectomy. All these @entity1 were endoscoped (EGDS), and their endoscopic biopsy specimens were surveyed. 99Tc HIDA cholescintigraphy was performed in all the groups of @entity1 , after endoscopy. In 85% of symptomatic @entity1 we found, during endoscopy, reflux of bile into the stomach with associated reddish and inflammatory change of antral mucosa vs. 7.14% of the control group. @entity4726 was found in 71.43% of endoscopic biopsy specimens of Symptomatic vs. 14.28% of asymptomatic @entity1 . Superficial chronic @entity3621 was found in 28.57% of symptomatic vs. 50% of asymptomatic @entity1 . At last we found active @entity4726 (Whitehead) in 90% of symptomatic @entity1 vs. 0% of asymptomatic @entity1 . The Authors conclude that there is a positive correlation between duodenogastric reflux and @entity9834 when biliary reflux is correlated with an histological finding of antral active chronic @entity3621 .

title: [Correlation between XXXX and biliary reflux gastritis. Endoscopic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic or superficial antral gastritis', 'Atrophic chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity9834 :: ('MESH:D017562', 'Disease') :: ['postcholecystectomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Hypochromic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa damage']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['episodic, often postprandial pain']

entities_list: @entity20705 :: ('MESH:D004383', 'Disease') :: ['duodeno-gastric reflux']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity9834 :: (MESH:D017562,Disease) :: ['post-cholecystectomy syndrome']


abstract: In @entity6 , blood flow to essential organs including the retina is reduced owing to macrovascular and/or microvascular changes. Poor glycolytic pathway of @entity413 metabolism owing to tissue @entity519 caused by @entity63 at capillary bed of essential organs produces excessive @entity880 and less of @entity855 , which lead to poor cellular function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in @entity6 without @entity989 . Fifty @entity1 of @entity6 of 10-12 years duration, without @entity989 , constituted the study group. The controls were 50 age-matched healthy @entity1 without @entity6 . Blood @entity880 level and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured in both the groups. The mean blood @entity880 level was 1.05 mM/l in the control group and 2.32 mM/l in the study group. BCVA of 20/20 (log MAR 0) was seen in 48 (96%) @entity1 of the control group and in 27 (54%) @entity1 of the study group. BCVA of 20/30 (log MAR 0.2) was seen in 23 (46%) @entity1 in the study group and 2 (4%) in the control group. Association of higher blood @entity880 level with decreased BCVA in the study group was statistically significant (P< 0.001).

title: Relation between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in long-standing XXXX without @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['long-standing diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: In @entity6 , blood flow to essential organs including the retina is reduced owing to macrovascular and/or microvascular changes. Poor glycolytic pathway of @entity413 metabolism owing to tissue @entity519 caused by @entity63 at capillary bed of essential organs produces excessive @entity880 and less of @entity855 , which lead to poor cellular function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in @entity6 without @entity989 . Fifty @entity1 of @entity6 of 10-12 years duration, without @entity989 , constituted the study group. The controls were 50 age-matched healthy @entity1 without @entity6 . Blood @entity880 level and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured in both the groups. The mean blood @entity880 level was 1.05 mM/l in the control group and 2.32 mM/l in the study group. BCVA of 20/20 (log MAR 0) was seen in 48 (96%) @entity1 of the control group and in 27 (54%) @entity1 of the study group. BCVA of 20/30 (log MAR 0.2) was seen in 23 (46%) @entity1 in the study group and 2 (4%) in the control group. Association of higher blood @entity880 level with decreased BCVA in the study group was statistically significant (P< 0.001).

title: Relation between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in long-standing @entity6 without XXXX .

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: Conservative management of @entity320 by radioactive plaques or protonbeam is widely used since 1968. The treatment of these @entity5 at Curie Institute has been done with @entity1953 plaques since 1968. Indications were first monophthalmic @entity1 but are now much wide. We have been treating since 1981 all @entity1 with @entity5 diameter less than 17 mm and @entity5 height less than 12 mm. The technic includes general anesthesia to place the disc with localisation of the @entity5 by transillumination or by indirect ophthalmoscopy. A dose of 70 to 90 grays is delivered to the apex of the @entity5 . We report two cases of @entity1 treated by @entity1953 60 plaque for @entity320 . The first @entity1 has a 5 mm high @entity320 temporal to the macula. After treatment by @entity1953 plaque, he showed no echographic changes but angiograms revealed an hypofluorescent zone in the central part of the @entity5 . The second @entity1 has an 8 mm @entity5 that after plaque showed only angiographic changes. Evolution after treatment of @entity320 by radioactive plaque is variable. Echographic changes are very low and it is frequent to observe no modification in the height of the @entity5 for a long time for this reason, repeated angiograms can be very useful in the follow up of these @entity1 . They frequently show hypofluorescent spot in the central part of a @entity5 that was hyperfluorescent before treatment. Sometimes there is diffuse lowering of the fluorescence. We think that these modifications of fluorescence can be due to diminution of the vascularisation of the @entity5 or may be to central @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Value of angiography in the surveillance of @entity320 treated by XXXX disk].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choro  dal melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['cobalt']


abstract: Conservative management of @entity320 by radioactive plaques or protonbeam is widely used since 1968. The treatment of these @entity5 at Curie Institute has been done with @entity1953 plaques since 1968. Indications were first monophthalmic @entity1 but are now much wide. We have been treating since 1981 all @entity1 with @entity5 diameter less than 17 mm and @entity5 height less than 12 mm. The technic includes general anesthesia to place the disc with localisation of the @entity5 by transillumination or by indirect ophthalmoscopy. A dose of 70 to 90 grays is delivered to the apex of the @entity5 . We report two cases of @entity1 treated by @entity1953 60 plaque for @entity320 . The first @entity1 has a 5 mm high @entity320 temporal to the macula. After treatment by @entity1953 plaque, he showed no echographic changes but angiograms revealed an hypofluorescent zone in the central part of the @entity5 . The second @entity1 has an 8 mm @entity5 that after plaque showed only angiographic changes. Evolution after treatment of @entity320 by radioactive plaque is variable. Echographic changes are very low and it is frequent to observe no modification in the height of the @entity5 for a long time for this reason, repeated angiograms can be very useful in the follow up of these @entity1 . They frequently show hypofluorescent spot in the central part of a @entity5 that was hyperfluorescent before treatment. Sometimes there is diffuse lowering of the fluorescence. We think that these modifications of fluorescence can be due to diminution of the vascularisation of the @entity5 or may be to central @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Value of angiography in the surveillance of XXXX treated by @entity1953 disk].

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroid melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology and clinical implications of asymptomatic @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) including both @entity955 and flutter in pacemaker recipients with and without @entity943 history are not well understood. The Atrial High Rate Episodes (A-HIRATE) in Pacemaker @entity1 Trial was designed to identify and compare the incidence of @entity4710 in @entity1 with and without previously diagnosed @entity4710 and a standard indication for dual chamber pacing, and to provide useful diagnostic information for clinical management. METHODS: Four hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were implanted with a pacemaker (Kappa 7-900, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) capable of detecting and storing multiple @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) and followed for 2 years. Group I included 331 @entity1 without prior history of @entity4710 and Group II included 96 @entity1 with prior @entity4710 history. RESULTS: Pacemaker diagnostics appropriately detected 93% of reviewed @entity1168 . The rate of occurrence of first @entity1168 was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in Group II @entity1 , as was average @entity1168 burden. The rate of first @entity1168 occurrence was 88.6% for @entity1 in Group II and 53.8% in Group I at 24 months post-implant. The rate of @entity1168 occurrence was similar in both groups after the first month post-implant. The majority of stored @entity1168 were asymptomatic; symptoms did not correspond to an actual @entity1168 in most @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity4710 in pacemaker recipients is high. Most device-detected @entity1168 are asymptomatic. Prior history of @entity4710 is associated with higher @entity943 burden. @entity1168 diagnostics have a high positive predictive value for identifying @entity4710 events.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX in pacemaker recipients: incidence, progression, and determinants based on the atrial high rate trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'atrial tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['atrial high rate episodes', 'AHRE']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Immunologic response in @entity1 revaccinated against @entity116 was dealt with in this paper. Out of 35 examined @entity1 with the mean age of 47.4 years on the day of revaccination 20% of them had titres of antitetanus antibodies on the lower limit which guaranteed antitetanus protection (0.01-0.02 i.j./m.). Values of titre were below 1.00 i.j./m. in one third of @entity1 . A high degree of negative correlation was statistically established between the age of @entity1 and the height of titre (p less than 0.001). Mean geometric titre (GMT) of the @entity1 amounted to 1.32 i.j./ml on the day of revaccination. Seven days following revaccination GMT was 10.41 i.j./ml and it was the best illustration of immunity " @entity203 " induced by one dose of Te Al vaccine a 0.5 ml. Optimal values of the titre (over 1.00 i.j./ml) occurred in all examined @entity1 . @entity734 of revaccinated titre upon age was of less significance (P = 0.01). A high degree of @entity734 of revaccinated titre upon the values on the day of revaccination was statistically established (p less than 0.001). It was concluded that by revaccination of @entity1 with the lowest protective titre as well a safe antitetanus protection was provided in a 7-day period. This conclusion also necessitated obligatory immunization against @entity116 at an older age too whereby a more expensive active-passive treatment of injured @entity1 would de avoided.

title: [Effective revaccination against XXXX in adults].

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: Suicide is a major cause of @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity161 . Research indicates that at least 5-13% of @entity161 @entity1 die by suicide, and it is likely that the higher end of range is the most accurate estimate. There is almost total agreement that the @entity161 @entity1 who is more likely to commit suicide is young, male, white and never married, with good premorbid function, @entity308 and a history of substance abuse and suicide attempts. Hopelessness, social isolation, hospitalization, deteriorating health after a high level of premorbid functioning, recent loss or rejection, limited external support, and family stress or instability are risk factors for suicide in @entity1 with @entity161 . Suicidal schizophrenics usually fear further @entity1032 , and they experience either excessive @entity734 or @entity393 in treatment. Awareness of illness has been reported as a major issue among suicidal @entity161 @entity1 , yet some researchers argue that insight into the illness does not increase suicide risk. Protective factors play also an important role in assessing suicide risk and should also be carefully evaluated. The neurobiological perspective offers a new approach for understanding self-destructive behavior among @entity1 with @entity161 and may improve the accuracy of screening schizophrenics for suicide. Although, there is general consensus on the risk factors, accurate knowledge as well as early recognition of @entity1 at risk is still lacking in everyday clinical practice. Better knowledge may help clinicians and caretakers to implement preventive measures. This review paper is the result of a joint effort between researchers in the field of suicide in @entity161 . Each expert provided a brief essay on one specific aspect of the problem. This is the first attempt to present a consensus report as well as the development of a set of guidelines for reducing suicide risk among @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Suicide risk in XXXX : learning from the past to change the future.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['post-psychotic depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of faith']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['treatment dependence']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual outcome following repair of post-traumatic corneal perforation may not be optimal due to presence of irregular keratometric @entity940 . We performed a study to evaluate and compare rigid gas permeable contact lens and spectacles in visual rehabilitation following perforating @entity267 . METHOD: Eyes that had undergone repair for corneal perforating injuries with or without lens @entity1173 were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses. The fitting pattern and the improvement in visual acuity by contact lens over spectacle correction were noted. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 40 @entity1 that had undergone surgical repair of posttraumatic @entity1035 were fitted rigid gas permeable contact lenses for visual rehabilitation. Twenty-four eyes (60%) required aphakic contact lenses. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of > or = 6/18 in the snellen's acuity chart was seen in 10 (25%) eyes with spectacle correction and 37 (92.5%) eyes with the use of contact lens (p < 0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity with spectacles was 0.20 +/- 0.13 while the same with contact lens was 0.58 +/- 0.26. All the @entity1 showed an improvement of > or = 2 lines over spectacles in the snellen's acuity chart with contact lens. CONCLUSION: Rigid gas permeable contact lenses are better means of rehabilitation in eyes that have an irregular cornea due to scars caused by perforating @entity267 .

title: Contact lens rehabilitation following repaired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforations']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1035 :: (MESH:D057112,Disease) :: ['corneal perforations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2346 media is the most common reason for @entity1 to receive antibiotics, but there is no evidence about the effect of prescribing on reattendance. AIM: To evaluate the changing workload of @entity2172 in general practice, and the impact on surgery reattendance of prescribing antibiotics at first attendance. DESIGN OF STUDY: A case-linked cohort analysis for antibiotic prescribing versus no prescribing at first consultation event. SETTING: Two hundred and ninety-one practices spread throughout the UK recording for the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and incorporating individual @entity1 data records for 2,265,574 @entity1 . METHOD: All @entity2172 coded events that can be classed within @entity697 ( @entity697 ) or @entity2169 sub-categories (and excluding @entity2266 ) were selected for analysis when the first event was from 1991-2001. The effect of antibiotic prescription on the risk of reattendance using Cox proportional hazards regression was analysed. RESULTS: Total consultations for @entity697 have fallen markedly over this decade, and @entity2169 have risen but by a much smaller extent (26,000 decrease versus 4000 increase in consultations per year), which makes relabelling an unlikely explanation of the fall in @entity697 consultations. In the 2-10 years age range, consultations for @entity697 fell from 105.3 to 34.7 per 1000 per year, with @entity2169 unaltered (15.2 to 16.7 per 1000 per year). Antibiotic prescribing for @entity697 has stayed remarkably constant (80-84% of consultations), but antibiotic prescribing for @entity2169 has risen sharply (13 to 62%). Prescribing antibiotics increased the risk of reattendance for @entity697 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.10) and has reduced the risk of reattendance for @entity2169 (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.96). CONCLUSION: Prescribing antibiotics for @entity697 probably increased reattendance, but the opposite effect has been noted for @entity2169 , which suggests a treatment effect of antibiotics in @entity2169 . Further research is needed to clarify whether this possible benefit is worth the known harms, and if so in which subgroups of @entity1 .

title: Consultations for XXXX , antibiotic prescribing and risk factors for reattendance: a case-linked cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2266 :: ('MESH:D010035', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['glue ear', 'glue ear consultations']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data about the longer-term outcomes in @entity697 ( @entity697 ) when comparing the realistic alternatives of immediate prescription of antibiotics and a 'wait and see' or delayed prescribing policy. AIM: The aim was to assess the medium and longer term outcomes of two prescribing strategies for @entity2346 media. DESIGN OF STUDY: Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial cohort. SETTING: Primary care. METHOD: Three-hundred and fifteen @entity1 aged 6 months to 10 years presenting with @entity697 were randomised to immediate antibiotics, or antibiotics delayed at the parents discretion 72 hours if the @entity1 still had significant @entity7867 or @entity221 , or was not improving. Episodes of @entity7867 since study entry were documented, and a poor score (of 9 or more--the top 20%) on a reliable six-item functional rating scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75). RESULTS: The delayed prescribing strategy did not significantly increase reported episodes of @entity7867 in the 3 months since randomisation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48 to 1.65) or over 1 year (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.78) nor of poor scores on the function scale at 3 months (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.61 to 2.22) or 1 year (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.57 to 2.19), and controlling for subsequent antibiotic use after the randomised episode did not alter these estimates. The number of prior episodes of @entity697 documented in the doctor's notes predicted episodes of @entity7867 reported (0, 1, > or = 2 episodes, respectively; OR = 1, 2.42, 2.61; chi2 for trend 8.04; P<0.01). There was weaker evidence that prior episodes also predicted poor function at 1 year (OR = 1, 1.86, 2.28; chi2 for trend 5.49; P = 0.019). For @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 (two or more previous episodes documented in the doctor's notes, n = 43) there was possible evidence of fewer episodes of @entity7867 in the 3 months since study entry in the immediate antibiotic group (10% compared to 39% in the delayed group, chi2 4.8, P = 0.029), but no effect from randomisation to 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: For most @entity1 , delayed prescribing is not likely to have adverse longer-term consequences. @entity1 with recurrent @entity697 are more likely to have poorer outcomes. Secondary analysis should be treated with caution and requires confirmation, but suggests that treating such children with antibiotics immediately may not alter longer-term outcomes.

title: Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity7867 :: ('MESH:D004433', 'Disease') :: ['earache', 'otalgia']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: Twenty 'commensal' oral or 'pathogenic' vaginal isolates of @entity5132 were examined for colony morphology on malt/ @entity375 -extract and serum-based agar media. Diverse and variable colony morphology was seen on serum agar. In 17 strains, selective subculture of morphologically atypical colonies produced progeny which had reverted to the morphology of the majority of parental colonies. However, in one strain, a highly stable colony variant was isolated which did not revert on subculture. In two further strains, variants were isolated which could be maintained with at least 99% homogeneous colony type by selective colony subculture, but reversion to the parental type or switching to other morphologies occurred at rates of 10(-2) to 10(-4): a rapid switching phenomenon. The relative proportions of mycelial or @entity375 forms were the main determinants of colony morphology. The variants were biotyped using a selection of biochemical tests. The stable variant differed from its parent in several characters, including rate of production of a proteinase enzyme. The pathogenicity of variants was compared in @entity19 , and both stable and switching variants differed in virulence from their parental strains. Colony-type variation on suitable media is thus a powerful tool in the isolation of mutants or variants of @entity5132 which differ from 'isogenic' parents in significant biological properties. Such variants may aid identification and characterization at the molecular level of determinants of, for example, pathogenicity and morphogenesis.

title: Biological attributes of colony-type variants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: The issue of dermal absorption of @entity4345 (Be) particles through intact healthy skin has not yet been demonstrated. The interest in Be dermal exposure as a potential pathway for toxic effects was emphasized in Quebec (Canada) when a recycling industry processing spent pot lining (SPL) related to the @entity3775 industry was recently requested by health authorities to conduct a Be particle size study and to provide a Tyvek coverall for full skin protection of workers. This study aimed to (1) calculate the dermal and inhalation exposures and (2) apply the results to the case study of a recycling SPL industry. Airborne dust was sampled in order to determine Be particles size. Exposure assessment via the skin and the respiratory routes was measured over a working day using standard calculations. The assessment of workers' clothing protection was obtained by swiping the skin on the forearm and upper front leg before and after exposure. Respirable Be (0.044 microg) was 23% of the total Be (0.19 microg). Be particles with a median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 0.93 and below totaled 0.0103 microg (5% of @entity40006 ). The daily dose for the respiratory route was calculated to be 0.022 microg/kg/d, while the daily doses for the dermal route varied between 0.027 x 10(-7) microg/kg/d and 0.025 x 10(-3) microg/kg/d. After exposure, no Be was found on the skin of workers wearing a @entity2708 coverall protection. When using a @entity2635 coverall, minor amounts of Be were found. These results showed that dermal daily dose exposure is negligible. However, note that the case study did not involve handling of contaminated items by the workers, which lead to significant dermal exposure if care is not taken. Although daily dermal exposure may be small, because of uncertainties, a precautionary principle should be applied in an active sense.

title: Dermal exposure to XXXX : a pilot case study.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity4345 :: ('MESH:D001608', 'Chemical') :: ['beryllium']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity4345 :: (MESH:D001608,Chemical) :: ['beryllium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Population health surveys around the world have studied the epidemiology of comorbid @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and other @entity146 as part of larger efforts to assess needs and direct integrated planning and delivery of services. This study presents the first national assessment in Canada of the prevalence of co-occurring @entity734 and other @entity146 , with attention to differences by substance problem severity, sex, age, and region. METHODS: This work is a secondary analysis of data from the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being. The sample was obtained using a multistage stratified cluster design (n = 36,984, response rate = 77%). RESULTS: The 12-month population prevalence of co-occurring disorders was 1.7%. The 12-month prevalence of other @entity146 was higher among those with illicit drug, relative to @entity167 , problems and among those with @entity734 , compared with those with less severe problems. Sex and age differences mirrored population differences in @entity74 . Salient regional differences included the higher rate of co-occurring disorders in British Columbia and the lower rates in Quebec. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-study comparisons are hampered by methodological differences; however, these Canadian rates are at the lower end of the range reported internationally. This might have resulted from the exclusion of several disorders known to be highly comorbid with @entity734 . Nonetheless, prevalence is high in certain subgroups, and efforts under way to improve Canada's substance abuse and mental health services should continue to ensure that adequate attention is directed to the needs of @entity1 with co-occurring disorders.

title: Prevalence of co-occurring substance use and other XXXX in the Canadian population.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pure disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'SUDs', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of @entity5897 1200 mg in treating @entity363 ( @entity363 ). METHODS: An open, multicentre, non case control clinical trial was conducted in 568 @entity1 suffering from @entity363 from Jul 1, 2006 to Nov 30, 2006. Routine examination, score of clinical symptoms and physical signs, mycetology test and safety evaluation were done in all @entity1 before treatment, 7 - 14 days after treatment and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seven to fourteen days after treatment, 563 @entity1 could be followed and 323 @entity1 (57.3%) were cured. The overall effective rate was 90.2%. The mycologic cure rate was 91.3% (514). Thirty days after treatment, 480 @entity1 could be followed and 411 @entity1 (85.6%) were cured. The total effective rate was 96.0%. Mycologic cure rate was 92.3% (443/480). Adverse effect rate was 2.7% (15/563) and they were relieved without any treatment in one or two days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5897 1200 mg is effective in the treatment of @entity363 , with good compliance and few adverse effects. Moreover, it can be accepted easily.

title: [Clinical effect and safety of XXXX 1200 mg in treating @entity363 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity363 :: ('MESH:D002181', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis', 'VVC']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole nitrate', 'Miconazole nitrate']

answer: @entity5897 :: (MESH:D008825,Chemical) :: ['miconazole nitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect and safety of @entity5897 1200 mg in treating @entity363 ( @entity363 ). METHODS: An open, multicentre, non case control clinical trial was conducted in 568 @entity1 suffering from @entity363 from Jul 1, 2006 to Nov 30, 2006. Routine examination, score of clinical symptoms and physical signs, mycetology test and safety evaluation were done in all @entity1 before treatment, 7 - 14 days after treatment and 30 days after treatment. RESULTS: Seven to fourteen days after treatment, 563 @entity1 could be followed and 323 @entity1 (57.3%) were cured. The overall effective rate was 90.2%. The mycologic cure rate was 91.3% (514). Thirty days after treatment, 480 @entity1 could be followed and 411 @entity1 (85.6%) were cured. The total effective rate was 96.0%. Mycologic cure rate was 92.3% (443/480). Adverse effect rate was 2.7% (15/563) and they were relieved without any treatment in one or two days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5897 1200 mg is effective in the treatment of @entity363 , with good compliance and few adverse effects. Moreover, it can be accepted easily.

title: [Clinical effect and safety of @entity5897 1200 mg in treating XXXX ].

answer: @entity363 :: (MESH:D002181,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) and @entity3003 in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 or primary @entity3906 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity6066 and @entity3003 . The response rate, survival and @entity137 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity1 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy either with @entity1311 or @entity786 and @entity632 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity3003 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity1 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity3003 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity1 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity1 due to @entity56 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity1 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity1353 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity1 with G(2) and 3 @entity1 with G(3) @entity8566 , 2 @entity1 had G(4) @entity3136 , and 8 @entity1 had G(3) @entity1431 . No G(4) @entity1431 or @entity1370 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity3003 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal @entity632 and XXXX in the treatment of recurrent @entity43 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) and @entity3003 in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 or primary @entity3906 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity6066 and @entity3003 . The response rate, survival and @entity137 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity1 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy either with @entity1311 or @entity786 and @entity632 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity3003 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity1 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity3003 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity1 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity1 due to @entity56 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity1 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity1353 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity1 with G(2) and 3 @entity1 with G(3) @entity8566 , 2 @entity1 had G(4) @entity3136 , and 8 @entity1 had G(3) @entity1431 . No G(4) @entity1431 or @entity1370 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity3003 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal XXXX and @entity3003 in the treatment of recurrent @entity43 ].

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combined pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD) and @entity3003 in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 67 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 or primary @entity3906 (8 cases) who were treated with combined @entity6066 and @entity3003 . The response rate, survival and @entity137 were evaluated. The mean age for 67 @entity1 was 52.1 (39 - 76) years. All of them received cytoreductive surgery followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy either with @entity1311 or @entity786 and @entity632 after diagnosis. Combined PLD and @entity3003 was used as first or second-line treatment or even after multiple lines of treatment after disease recurred. @entity1 were treated with PLD at 35 - 40 mg/m(2) combined with @entity3003 at an area under curve (AUC) of 5 once every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were evaluable for response. Twenty-three (47%) @entity1 had a complete response, 13 (27%) had a partial response, 3 (6%) had stable disease and 10 (20%) had progressive disease. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 months. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 73% and 55%, respectively. All of the 67 @entity1 were evaluated for @entity137 . The treatment was terminated in 2 @entity1 due to @entity56 -like infusion reaction. Four @entity1 who had acute infusion reaction with @entity1353 and tightness of chest did not terminate the treatment because no such reaction occurred when restarted the infusion. There were 2 @entity1 with G(2) and 3 @entity1 with G(3) @entity8566 , 2 @entity1 had G(4) @entity3136 , and 8 @entity1 had G(3) @entity1431 . No G(4) @entity1431 or @entity1370 occurred. CONCLUSION: The combination of PLD and @entity3003 is an active and well-tolerated regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 .

title: [Combined pegylated liposomal @entity632 and @entity3003 in the treatment of recurrent XXXX ].

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the recovery patterns and the influencing factors of @entity2123 in maxillofacial surgery by retrospective analysis of a serial clinical data. METHODS: A total of 182 @entity1 with @entity2123 were reviewed. The cause of @entity2123 after @entity130 , the treatment, the initial recovery time of @entity2103 and the total recovery time were recorded. The factors that influenced the outcome of @entity2103 were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity2123 was common in @entity11253 . The injury pattern, location, age and reconstruction time all had effects on the function recovery of the facial nerve. Within 6 months, 45 of 49 (92%) anatomic injured @entity1 completely recovered in 6 months; 53 of 59 @entity1 (90%) began to recover when nerve had been ruptured. In 12 months, 33 of 35 @entity1 (94%) after nerve anastomosed and 5 of 8 @entity1 (62%) with nerve transplantation got complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Preserving the facial nerve during surgery is very important. If the facial nerve is injured, reconstructive surgery should be applied as soon as possible.

title: [Clinical analysis of 182 cases with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injury']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve branch injury', 'facial nerve injury', 'injury, the initial facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

answer: @entity2123 :: (MESH:D020220,Disease) :: ['facial nerve injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated vertebra @entity174 and @entity1317 in adults to determine the profile of @entity1 presenting with a @entity130 etiology. METHODS: The study included 372 @entity1 (264 @entity1 , 108 @entity1 ; mean age 30.4 years; range 18 to 65 years) who were treated for vertebra @entity174 from 1988 to 2003. Evaluations included demographic features of @entity1 , @entity130 mechanisms, @entity174 levels and types, treatment modalities, and @entity1317 . The types of @entity174 were assessed according to the Denis classification. RESULTS: The types of @entity174 were classified as follows: compression @entity174 (n=212, 57.0%), @entity174 (n=146, 39.3%), seat belt-induced @entity174 (n=8, 2.2%), and @entity174 (n=6, 1.6%). Involvement was at one level in 290 @entity1 (77.9%), two levels in 61 @entity1 (16.4%), three levels in 15 @entity1 (4.0%), and four levels in six @entity1 (1.6%). The most common localization was the thoracolumbar spine (transition zone) with 275 @entity174 (57.2%). The causes of @entity174 were fall from height in 211 @entity1 (56.7%), traffic accidents in 145 @entity1 (39.0%), and direct @entity130 in 16 @entity1 (4.3%). Associated @entity174 were detected in 110 @entity1 (29.6%), the most common being @entity174 in 35 @entity1 (9.4%). Apart from orthopedic problems, 38 @entity1 (10.2%) had other organ @entity130 and/or @entity542 . Treatment was conservative in 302 @entity1 (81.2%) and surgical in 70 @entity1 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Every @entity1 presenting after a high-energy @entity130 should be regarded as having a vertebra @entity174 until proven otherwise. When a vertebra @entity174 is detected, investigation should be extended for involvement at other levels and @entity1317 .

title: [Evaluation of XXXX and @entity1317 in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture-dislocations', 'burst fractures', 'calcaneus fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['associated injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated vertebra @entity174 and @entity1317 in adults to determine the profile of @entity1 presenting with a @entity130 etiology. METHODS: The study included 372 @entity1 (264 @entity1 , 108 @entity1 ; mean age 30.4 years; range 18 to 65 years) who were treated for vertebra @entity174 from 1988 to 2003. Evaluations included demographic features of @entity1 , @entity130 mechanisms, @entity174 levels and types, treatment modalities, and @entity1317 . The types of @entity174 were assessed according to the Denis classification. RESULTS: The types of @entity174 were classified as follows: compression @entity174 (n=212, 57.0%), @entity174 (n=146, 39.3%), seat belt-induced @entity174 (n=8, 2.2%), and @entity174 (n=6, 1.6%). Involvement was at one level in 290 @entity1 (77.9%), two levels in 61 @entity1 (16.4%), three levels in 15 @entity1 (4.0%), and four levels in six @entity1 (1.6%). The most common localization was the thoracolumbar spine (transition zone) with 275 @entity174 (57.2%). The causes of @entity174 were fall from height in 211 @entity1 (56.7%), traffic accidents in 145 @entity1 (39.0%), and direct @entity130 in 16 @entity1 (4.3%). Associated @entity174 were detected in 110 @entity1 (29.6%), the most common being @entity174 in 35 @entity1 (9.4%). Apart from orthopedic problems, 38 @entity1 (10.2%) had other organ @entity130 and/or @entity542 . Treatment was conservative in 302 @entity1 (81.2%) and surgical in 70 @entity1 (18.8%). CONCLUSION: Every @entity1 presenting after a high-energy @entity130 should be regarded as having a vertebra @entity174 until proven otherwise. When a vertebra @entity174 is detected, investigation should be extended for involvement at other levels and @entity1317 .

title: [Evaluation of @entity174 and XXXX in adults].

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['associated injuries']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between measures of size and weight at birth and disease risk in later life. Alteration in the regulation of the @entity2339 in response to prenatal @entity1642 has been proposed as one underlying mechanism. The present study investigated in @entity1 the association of prenatal psychosocial @entity1642 exposure with subsequent @entity2339 regulation in adult life, with a focus on measures of response to challenge and feedback sensitivity. Healthy young adults whose mothers experienced severe @entity1642 during their pregnancy in form of major negative life events (e.g. death of someone close; prenatal @entity1642 (PS) group, n=31) and an age-matched comparison group (CG, n=30) underwent the @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) and a 1 microg ACTH(1-24) stimulation test. In addition, a diurnal @entity701 profile was assessed. ACTH concentrations following a standardized behavioural challenge paradigm ( @entity6100 ) were marginally significantly higher in PS subjects than in CG subjects (p=.06). Pre- @entity6100 adrenocortical ( @entity701 ) levels were lower (p=.007), whereas the increase in @entity701 in response to the @entity6100 was higher (p=.03) in PS subjects compared to CG subjects. @entity701 concentrations following a pharmacological stimulation test simulating pituitary activity (ACTH(1-24) test) were significantly lower in PS than in CG subjects (p=.006). No differences emerged between the two groups in basal diurnal @entity701 levels. This study provides first evidence in @entity1 of an association between prenatal psychosocial @entity1642 exposure and subsequent alterations in the regulation of the @entity2339 .

title: Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial @entity1642 and XXXX regulation in young adults.

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['TSST', 'Trier Social Stress Test']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have reported associations between measures of size and weight at birth and disease risk in later life. Alteration in the regulation of the @entity2339 in response to prenatal @entity1642 has been proposed as one underlying mechanism. The present study investigated in @entity1 the association of prenatal psychosocial @entity1642 exposure with subsequent @entity2339 regulation in adult life, with a focus on measures of response to challenge and feedback sensitivity. Healthy young adults whose mothers experienced severe @entity1642 during their pregnancy in form of major negative life events (e.g. death of someone close; prenatal @entity1642 (PS) group, n=31) and an age-matched comparison group (CG, n=30) underwent the @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) and a 1 microg ACTH(1-24) stimulation test. In addition, a diurnal @entity701 profile was assessed. ACTH concentrations following a standardized behavioural challenge paradigm ( @entity6100 ) were marginally significantly higher in PS subjects than in CG subjects (p=.06). Pre- @entity6100 adrenocortical ( @entity701 ) levels were lower (p=.007), whereas the increase in @entity701 in response to the @entity6100 was higher (p=.03) in PS subjects compared to CG subjects. @entity701 concentrations following a pharmacological stimulation test simulating pituitary activity (ACTH(1-24) test) were significantly lower in PS than in CG subjects (p=.006). No differences emerged between the two groups in basal diurnal @entity701 levels. This study provides first evidence in @entity1 of an association between prenatal psychosocial @entity1642 exposure and subsequent alterations in the regulation of the @entity2339 .

title: Prenatal exposure to maternal psychosocial XXXX and @entity2339 regulation in young adults.

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['stress']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections under computed tomography (CT) in relieving @entity158 due to @entity612 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (7 males, 35 females; mean age 67 years; range 34 to 90 years) with @entity158 due to @entity612 were prospectively monitored following transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections under computed tomography. Injections were repeated twice in two @entity1 (4.8%) and three times in one @entity1 (2.4%). The severity of @entity158 was assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after injections (1st day, 1st week, 3rd week, 6th month, and the last follow-up). The mean follow-up period was 12.1 months (range 6 to 25 months). RESULTS: The median VAS score before injections was 9 (range 6 to 10). During the first six months, the median VAS scores were always significantly lower than the preinjection score (p<0.005). The mean VAS score of 23 @entity1 with a follow-up of at least a year was still significantly lower than that obtained at the end of six months (2.26 vs 2.52, p<0.005). No procedure-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Selective transforaminal epidural @entity134 and analgesic injection under CT guidance is a safe and reliable conservative method to relieve @entity158 due to @entity612 .

title: [Transforaminal epidural XXXX injection under computed tomography guidance in relieving @entity158 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral radicular pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections under computed tomography (CT) in relieving @entity158 due to @entity612 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (7 males, 35 females; mean age 67 years; range 34 to 90 years) with @entity158 due to @entity612 were prospectively monitored following transforaminal epidural @entity134 injections under computed tomography. Injections were repeated twice in two @entity1 (4.8%) and three times in one @entity1 (2.4%). The severity of @entity158 was assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after injections (1st day, 1st week, 3rd week, 6th month, and the last follow-up). The mean follow-up period was 12.1 months (range 6 to 25 months). RESULTS: The median VAS score before injections was 9 (range 6 to 10). During the first six months, the median VAS scores were always significantly lower than the preinjection score (p<0.005). The mean VAS score of 23 @entity1 with a follow-up of at least a year was still significantly lower than that obtained at the end of six months (2.26 vs 2.52, p<0.005). No procedure-related complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Selective transforaminal epidural @entity134 and analgesic injection under CT guidance is a safe and reliable conservative method to relieve @entity158 due to @entity612 .

title: [Transforaminal epidural @entity134 injection under computed tomography guidance in relieving XXXX ].

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral radicular pain']


abstract: New light has recently been shed on the way phototherapy reduces @entity648 concentration in icteric @entity1 . The introduction of a high-performance liquid chromatography technique led to the discovery of new photoisomers of @entity648 , the configurational and structural isomers with high and low quantum yields, respectively, and to a renewed interest in the photochemical properties of @entity648 in vitro and in vivo. Circular dichroism and absorption spectroscopies have then shown that @entity648 behaves like a bichromophoric system, with the 2 halves of the molecule strongly interacting in the excited state. This coupling mechanism makes the quantum yields of @entity648 photochemistry wavelength-dependent, with marked effects in the long wavelength edge of the @entity648 absorption spectrum. The photochemistry of @entity648 is substantially similar in icteric @entity35 and babies, and is consistent with what is observed in vitro. However, the metabolism of @entity648 photoproducts in @entity35 sometimes differs quite significantly from that in babies. In particular, only the low quantum yield structural isomer, @entity71514 , is efficiently excreted by babies. Although the relative role of the @entity648 photoprocesses in the therapy of @entity3638 is not yet known with certainty, the structural photoisomerization is generally assumed to represent the main route of @entity648 elimination. As a consequence, the determination of the spectral band that optimizes the process of formation of @entity71514 in neonate may represent an important step in the improvement of the clinical protocol of phototherapy. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the most recent data on @entity648 photochemistry and the metabolism of @entity648 products, this article presents a computation of the optimal light for @entity71514 formation. The combined effects of long-wavelength photochemistry of @entity648 and skin attenuation show that the optimal spectral range should be between 480 and 510 nm.

title: Phototherapy for neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity71514 :: ('MESH:C045013', 'Chemical') :: ['lumirubin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1694 have a markedly increased incidence of antibodies to melanocytes, referred to as @entity1694 antibodies. Antibodies to @entity11442 have been reported in some @entity1 with @entity1694 , suggesting that @entity1694 antibodies may be directed to this enzyme. However, there is considerable controversy as to the frequency with which these antibodies occur, and, hence, about their relevance to the pathogenesis of @entity1694 . The frequency with which antityrosinase antibodies occur in @entity1694 is critical to evaluate their potential role in the pathogenesis of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of antibodies to @entity11442 in a large group of @entity1 with @entity1694 . DESIGN: We examined the incidence of antibodies to enzymatically and immunologically active @entity11442 in @entity1 with and without @entity1694 . SETTING: Outpatient clinic in referral center. @entity1 : The study was conducted on serum samples obtained from 54 @entity1 with active (n = 40) and inactive (n = 14) uncomplicated @entity1694 and from 52 age- and sex-matched individuals without @entity1694 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence in the serum of antibodies to enzymatically and/or immunologically active @entity11442 . RESULTS: By immunoblotting, 20 @entity1 (50%) with active @entity1694 , 9 of those (64.3%) with inactive @entity1694 , and 29 control individuals (55.8%) had antibodies to an antigen that comigrated with @entity11442 . However, by immunoprecipitation DOPA stain and by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, none of the @entity1694 or control individuals had antibodies to @entity11442 , even though both assays easily detected control antityrosinase antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that while antibodies to an antigen(s) that comigrates with @entity11442 are common in @entity1 with or without @entity1694 , @entity1694 antibodies are not directed to @entity11442 .

title: Vitiligo antibodies are not directed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity11442 :: (7299,Gene) :: ['tyrosinase']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of histopathological grading according to the protocol of Elston/Ellis and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) to a defined @entity0 population. The NPI is the sum of the individual scores concerning grade, @entity5 size, and lymph node status, each weighted according to regression coefficients of a Cox proportional hazard analysis and calculated for each individual @entity0 @entity1 . 630 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 diagnosed 1988-91 were retrospectively followed up and their @entity5 reviewed and graded. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed. Grade, lymph node status, and @entity5 size were statistically significant predictors of survival within the follow up period (median 7.2 years). Similar to NPI, a temporary index (Kalmar Prognostic Index, KPI) was derived and normalised to NPI for comparison (KPI(norm)). NPI and KPI(norm) gave similar prognostic power in spite of the differences of the @entity1 populations from which the 2 indices were derived. @entity1 with NPI 4 or less had 0.66% @entity0 specific mortality during the follow up time. 14% of the @entity1 with NPI 4.1-5 and 32% of those with an index sum 5.1-6 died from @entity0 during this time. Younger @entity1 tended to have higher grade @entity5 . We advocate the common use of grade and the NPI in order to increase the comparability of groups of @entity1 receiving different therapies.

title: Applying the Nottingham Prognostic Index to a Swedish XXXX population. South East Swedish @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of histopathological grading according to the protocol of Elston/Ellis and the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) to a defined @entity0 population. The NPI is the sum of the individual scores concerning grade, @entity5 size, and lymph node status, each weighted according to regression coefficients of a Cox proportional hazard analysis and calculated for each individual @entity0 @entity1 . 630 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 diagnosed 1988-91 were retrospectively followed up and their @entity5 reviewed and graded. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed. Grade, lymph node status, and @entity5 size were statistically significant predictors of survival within the follow up period (median 7.2 years). Similar to NPI, a temporary index (Kalmar Prognostic Index, KPI) was derived and normalised to NPI for comparison (KPI(norm)). NPI and KPI(norm) gave similar prognostic power in spite of the differences of the @entity1 populations from which the 2 indices were derived. @entity1 with NPI 4 or less had 0.66% @entity0 specific mortality during the follow up time. 14% of the @entity1 with NPI 4.1-5 and 32% of those with an index sum 5.1-6 died from @entity0 during this time. Younger @entity1 tended to have higher grade @entity5 . We advocate the common use of grade and the NPI in order to increase the comparability of groups of @entity1 receiving different therapies.

title: Applying the Nottingham Prognostic Index to a Swedish @entity0 population. South East Swedish XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We dissected prevailing assumptions about @entity246 and reviewed data that support and reject these assumptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five questions about @entity246 and the risk of @entity5 were identified because of their implications in parent counseling and clinical management. Standard search techniques through MEDLINE were used to identify all relevant English language studies of the questions being examined. Each of the 5 questions was then examined in light of the existing data. RESULTS: The RR of @entity5 in a @entity246 case is 2.75 to 8. A RR of between 2 and 3 has been noted in @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy by ages 10 to 12 years. @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy after age 12 years or no orchiopexy are 2 to 6 times as likely to have @entity5 as those who undergo prepubertal orchiopexy. A contralateral, normally descended testis in a @entity1 with @entity246 carries no increased risk of @entity5 . Persistently cryptorchid (inguinal and abdominal) testes are at higher risk for @entity4797 (74%), while corrected cryptorchid or scrotal testicles that undergo malignant transformation are most likely to become nonseminomatous (63%, p <0.0001), presumably because of a decreased risk of @entity4797 . CONCLUSIONS: Orchiectomy may be considered in healthy @entity1 with @entity246 who are between ages 12 and 50 years. Observation should be recommended in postpubertal males at significant anesthetic risk and all males older than 50 years. While 5% to 15% of scrotal testicular remnants contain germinal tissue, only 1 case of @entity189 in situ has been reported, suggesting that the risk of @entity5 in these remnants is extremely low.

title: Cryptorchidism and XXXX : separating fact from fiction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'testis cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal XXXX - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 for @entity158 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic nerve block']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - XXXX cream and @entity616 for @entity158 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity5403 :: (MESH:D011318,Chemical) :: ['prilocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 for XXXX control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and XXXX for @entity158 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['periprostatic nerve block']


abstract: The microbial flora from 46 @entity2520 of 23 @entity1 and 18 sites in 9 healthy @entity1 were examined and levels of serum IgG antibody to gram negative periodontal disease-associated bacteria were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples and serum samples were taken 40-50 days after initial preparation consisting of scaling and root planing. To evaluate the effects of the therapy on 10 @entity1 with @entity7278 , changes in clinical parameters were compared with alterations of the microbial flora and serum IgG antibody levels. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, mainly @entity2523 , were found to be predominant in @entity2520 . A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of @entity2523 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody against the microorganism. No relationships between @entity3288 , @entity3841 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody to them were detected. The fact that there was no marked reduction of serum IgG antibody to @entity2523 after initial preparation suggests that a more extended, longitudinal study is required. Although brushing resulted in a significant reduction of the number of total cultivable organisms in samples from periodontal pockets, no significant proportional changes in gram-negative bacteria in the lesional flora were found. Initial preparation was not effective in eliminating gram-negative bacteria from deep periodontal pockets. However, the microbiological shifts, especially the reduction in the proportion and frequency of detection of @entity2523 in periodontal pockets, was paralleled by significant improvement in the clinical parameters.

title: [Microbiological evaluation of initial preparation for XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis lesions', 'periodontitis lesions']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides intermedius']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['B. gingivalis', 'Bacteroides gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['adult periodontitis']


abstract: The microbial flora from 46 @entity2520 of 23 @entity1 and 18 sites in 9 healthy @entity1 were examined and levels of serum IgG antibody to gram negative periodontal disease-associated bacteria were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples and serum samples were taken 40-50 days after initial preparation consisting of scaling and root planing. To evaluate the effects of the therapy on 10 @entity1 with @entity7278 , changes in clinical parameters were compared with alterations of the microbial flora and serum IgG antibody levels. Black-pigmented Bacteroides species, mainly @entity2523 , were found to be predominant in @entity2520 . A significant relationship was found between the prevalence of @entity2523 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody against the microorganism. No relationships between @entity3288 , @entity3841 and elevated titers of serum IgG antibody to them were detected. The fact that there was no marked reduction of serum IgG antibody to @entity2523 after initial preparation suggests that a more extended, longitudinal study is required. Although brushing resulted in a significant reduction of the number of total cultivable organisms in samples from periodontal pockets, no significant proportional changes in gram-negative bacteria in the lesional flora were found. Initial preparation was not effective in eliminating gram-negative bacteria from deep periodontal pockets. However, the microbiological shifts, especially the reduction in the proportion and frequency of detection of @entity2523 in periodontal pockets, was paralleled by significant improvement in the clinical parameters.

title: [Microbiological evaluation of initial preparation for @entity7278 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: No previous research has examined the psychosocial adjustment of chronic @entity2724 @entity1 following efficacious pharmacotherapy. In contrast, considerable research has examined the process of psychosocial adjustment following surgical relief of chronic @entity302 . This process can manifest as a clinical syndrome, the 'burden of normality', comprising psychological, behavioural, affective and sociological features. The aim of the present study was to characterise the process of psychosocial adjustment of @entity1 with successfully treated @entity2724 and to explore the applicability of the burden of normality. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-three @entity2724 @entity1 and 31 @entity302 surgery @entity1 were recruited through routine outpatient follow-up at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne. All @entity1 underwent in-depth, qualitative psychosocial assessment using a well-validated semi-structured interview, the Austin CEP Interview. They were also administered quantitative measures of @entity148 (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). RESULTS: @entity2724 @entity1 spontaneously reported similar themes of post-treatment adjustment to successfully treated @entity302 @entity1 , including symptoms of the burden of normality. Chi-squared analyses revealed that the two groups differed only on disease-specific factors, reflecting the later diagnosis and treatment of @entity2724 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results support a general model of adjustment following successful treatment of chronic @entity16 , as the @entity1 discards perceptions of illness and behaviours associated with being 'sick' and learns to become 'well'. Recognition of the burden of normality has important clinical implications for maximising the post-treatment care and outcome of @entity2724 @entity1 .

title: Psychosocial adjustment following relief of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological illness']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'Narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High blood pressure in the young has been related to the development of @entity101 in adults; hence the importance of identifying adolescents with the risk of developing it.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the response of blood pressure in adolescents to exercise. DESIGN: A prospective and cross-sectional study. METHODS: We classified 101 @entity1 aged 13-18 years as @entity28 @entity101 , lean @entity101 , @entity28 normotensive, and lean normotensive. Mean blood pressure and variability were measured with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and expressed as 24 h, awake, and sleeping periods. Treadmill tests were also performed. RESULTS: @entity101 and @entity28 normotensives had higher ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values (P< 0.0001). Systolic blood pressure during sleep in @entity28 subjects was significantly higher than that in lean usbjects (119.9 +/- 9 versus 113.6 +/- 8 mmHg, P < 0.001, @entity28 @entity101 versus lean @entity101 ; and 113.6 +/- 2 versus 103.0 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.002, @entity28 normotensives versus lean normotensives) and nocturnal drop of systolic blood pressure was lower in @entity28 subjects. We found a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and systolic blood pressure during moderate and maximal exercise for all periods (P < 0.0001). Blood pressure variability during awake period was higher in subjects with maximum exercise systolic blood pressure >/= 200 mmHg (7.4 +/- 2 versus 6.4 +/- 2%, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Systolic blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is related to response of systolic blood pressure to exercise and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can identify groups of subjects at greater than normal risk through their higher blood pressure during sleep. Greater than normal blood pressure variability in adolescents is an indicator of the risk of reaching abnormal exercise values of systolic blood pressure. Higher casual blood pressure than ambulatory blood pressure monitoring values for adolescents should be considered abnormal.

title: Relationship between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and response of blood pressure in male XXXX adolescents to exercise.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: For more than 20 years pancreas transplantation has been advocated as a therapeutic modality in @entity1 with @entity1723 . When successful, this procedure is the only method for attaining long-term normoglycaemia in @entity6 recipients. However, because of the potential morbidity and mortality, pancreas transplantation should be restricted to @entity6 @entity1 in whom the complications of the @entity6 state are more serious than those of surgery and chronic immunosuppression. Currently three recipient categories have been identified in which pancreas transplantation would seem justifiable. The first includes @entity6 @entity1 with end-stage @entity8 who are already obligated to life-long immunosuppressive therapy because of the @entity8 . In this recipient category the main benefit of receiving a pancreas transplant in addition to a kidney is that the quality of life is markedly improved. In addition, it seems that a functioning pancreas transplant prevents the recurrence of @entity2316 in the simultaneously transplanted kidney. Since the success rate with combined pancreas-kidney transplantations is approaching that of renal transplantation alone, there is little controversy about performing the combined procedure in @entity6 @entity1 . However, if the main objective of pancreas transplantation, namely to prevent the late @entity2412 , were to be fulfilled this intervention would have to be performed earlier in the course of the disease. Therefore, single pancreatic transplantations have recently been conducted in @entity6 @entity1 with early signs of clinical @entity8 which, currently, is the most powerful predictor of susceptibility to detrimental @entity6 complications. Preliminary findings indicate that, in this second recipient category, single pancreatic transplantation and subsequent euglycaemia may prevent the progression of @entity3949 and @entity8 ; with regard to @entity6 the results remain obscure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Indication, selection of XXXX and timing for pancreatic transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney replacement']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic uraemic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Loss of grey matter, a consistent finding in @entity161 , is likely to be influenced by symptom heterogeneity and sex. This study was conducted to determine the extent and region of @entity1010 in @entity161 and its relation to symptom syndromes and to @entity1 sex. DESIGN: Prospective study of consecutive @entity1 . SETTING: Psychiatric department of a general teaching hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-one consecutive @entity1 (37 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) admitted to hospital for acute exacerbation of @entity161 , as diagnosed according to the DSM third edition, revised. INTERVENTIONS: Computed tomographic examination of the head. OUTCOME MEASURES: Diffuse @entity194 and @entity194 in the frontal and temporal regions and the sylvian fissure were rated using the CT Rating Scale for @entity161 . Ratings were contrasted between male and female subjects; relations between @entity194 ratings and 3 symptom dimensions of @entity161 were examined for male and female subjects separately. RESULTS: Widening of the sylvian fissure was positively related to psychomotor poverty (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). There was a significantly stronger relation between @entity194 and reality distortion in female than in male subjects. There was no sex difference in the @entity194 rating in all regions of the brain, and this lack of sex difference was not related to age of onset, length of illness or age at the time of the CT scan. CONCLUSION: The morphological changes in the brain on CT are no greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 with @entity161 . Different mechanisms may be involved in producing reality distortion symptoms in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Computed tomographic findings in XXXX : relation with symptom dimensions and sex differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'diffuse atrophy']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Medicaid insures an estimated 43% of all births in Michigan and provides additional funding for @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ). The objectives of this study are to report on the (1) use of statewide administrative data to examine risk characteristics and @entity14782 enrollment of Medicaid-insured pregnant @entity1 in Michigan; and (2) presence and extent of a broad range of risk factors in a sample of @entity14782 @entity1 in Michigan, using a newly developed two-tier, risk screener and assessment tool. This study uses Vital Records, Medicaid and other data to describe @entity14782 participation by maternal risks in the statewide population of Medicaid-insured pregnant @entity1 (54,582 in the fiscal year 2005). The screener study data is a convenience sample of 2,203 @entity1 screened between February 2005 and October 2007. The administrative data indicates that 26% of Medicaid-eligible pregnant @entity1 had @entity14782 contact. Most @entity1 with health behavior risks, such as smoking and drug use, had no contact with @entity14782 (68-72%). Approximately 58% of all Medicaid-insured @entity1 had zero to two co-occurring risks, while 42% had three or more of the analyzed risks. Among screened @entity1 who smoke, 9% smoked more than a pack a day. Approximately 34% of @entity1 with a @entity308 screen scored in the moderately or severely @entity308 range. The results of this study suggest great opportunity for @entity14782 enhancement by improving the capacity to identify and engage @entity1 with modifiable risks, match interventions to specific health problems, and deliver services at an intensity warranted by the risk level.

title: Who participates in state sponsored Medicaid XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhanced prenatal services', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity14782 :: (MESH:C564835,Disease) :: ['enhanced prenatal services']


abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity161 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity161 . Recently, the @entity7601 2 allele ( @entity46076 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity1 with @entity161 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity161 @entity1 who are resistant to @entity1088 , not in those who respond to @entity1088 . In this study, the @entity7601 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity1 with @entity161 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity146 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity1 with @entity161 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity1 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity1 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity146 care was significantly younger in the @entity1 with @entity161 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity1 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity7601 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity161 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: @entity46076 polymorphism in the @entity7601 gene and XXXX : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity161 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity161 . Recently, the @entity7601 2 allele ( @entity46076 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity1 with @entity161 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity161 @entity1 who are resistant to @entity1088 , not in those who respond to @entity1088 . In this study, the @entity7601 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity1 with @entity161 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity146 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity1 with @entity161 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity1 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity1 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity146 care was significantly younger in the @entity1 with @entity161 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity1 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity7601 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity161 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: XXXX polymorphism in the @entity7601 gene and @entity161 : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

answer: @entity46076 :: (c|SUB|T|102|C,DNAMutation) :: ['T102C']