abstract: Sexually experienced male @entity35 were injected IP with 0, 0.3, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg @entity10278 . The highest dose was fatal within 48 h of injection. A dose-related deficit in erectile function was observed in ex copula tests 48 h after injection. @entity409 was evident in mating tests 72 h after injection. Hepatic mixed function oxidase activity after 0.3 mg/kg injections was not different from controls, but was diminished by 50% in @entity35 treated with 3.0 mg/kg. The higher @entity3409 doses (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) were associated with equivalent and marked reductions in circulating @entity251 levels, and lesser decrements in circulating @entity2819 levels. The @entity35 treated with 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg @entity10278 lost weight (32 +/- 12 and 39 +/- 9 g, respectively). Relative decapsulated adrenal gland weights were markedly increased in @entity35 treated with 3.0 mg/kg. These data indicate that exposure to @entity3409 is associated with alterations in @entity99 , with @entity323 occurring at the lowest dose. The effects on copulatory behavior are especially striking because it requires some weeks for copulatory behavior to wane following castration.

title: XXXX -induced sexual dysfunction does not involve increased hepatic metabolism of @entity251 nor increased circulating levels of @entity2819 .

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['Cadmium']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Smoking is one of the major risk factors for @entity2520 . This study aims at examining the difference in the periodontal status of current smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers among the adults of Kothamangalam, Kerala. It investigates the association between the level of cigarette consumption and periodontal @entity6730 taking into account the effect of age, gender, and oral hygiene. METHODOLOGY: The study population consisted of 30 subjects and divided into three groups as current, former, and nonsmokers with @entity2520 . All clinical parameters were recorded. Smoking assessment was done using a self-reported questionnaire, and statistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Current smokers had a higher percentage of sites with mean probing depth, and greater mean clinical attachment level than former smokers and nonsmoker. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in clinical @entity6730 (CAL) between Group I (current smokers) and III (nonsmokers), that shows the increased risk of current smokers for future periodontal destruction. The CAL for current smokers was 5.20    2.440 and for the nonsmokers was 1.50    1.265. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in CAL between Group I and III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The study revealed a marked association between cigarette smoking and the risk of @entity2521 . The increased destruction among current smokers showed a dose-dependent relationship with the amount of cigarette consumption. For former smokers, the duration since quitting smoking was associated with a lower risk for severe @entity2521 .

title: The effect of cigarette smoking on the severity of XXXX among adults of Kothamangalam Town, Kerala.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal diseases']


abstract: @entity3265 is a natural lysosomotropic compound. Concentrations of @entity6190 > 2 mM impaired the phagocytic activity of BV-2 cells, an immortalized microglial cell line, as was determined by the uptake of fluorescent latex microspheres of different sizes. In contrast, an increase in the uptake of fluorescent dextran was observed with the elevation in @entity6190 concentrations. This indicates that @entity3265 affects phagocytotic and pinocytotic activities of BV-2 cells differently. @entity379 - and @entity14018 -stimulated secretion of @entity1192 as well as LPS-stimulated secretion of @entity650 decreased with an elevation in @entity6190 concentrations. The constitutive secretion of @entity1192 was not significantly affected by @entity6190 . However, an increase in LPS-stimulated @entity1192 secretion was observed at 10 mM and 20 mM @entity6190 . High concentrations of @entity3265 affected the activity of lysosomal enzymes of the BV-2 cells. Acid phosphatase and alpha-glucosidase activities increased with the increase in @entity6190 up to 20 mM. The activity of @entity10815 was increased at 5 mM, but decreased at higher @entity3265 concentrations. The effects of @entity3265 on microglial functions are discussed with respect to pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity303 of the Alzheimer type.

title: Effect of XXXX on endocytosis, cytokine production and lysosomal enzyme activity of a microglial cell line.

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity2893 non-susceptible @entity3064 (CNSAb) is a major public health concern globally. This study determined the antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of CNSAb isolates from a referral burn center in Tehran, Iran. Sixty-nine CNSAb isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the E test methodology. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiplex PCR were performed. PCR assays tested for ambler classes A, B, and D b-lactamases. Detection of ISAba1, characterization of integrons, and biofilm formation were investigated. Fifty-three (77%) isolates revealed XDR phenotypes. High prevalence of bla OXA-23-like (88%) and bla @entity307 (54%) were detected. ISAba1 was detected upstream of bla ADC, bla OXA-23-like and bla OXA51-like genes in, 97, 42, and 26% of isolates, respectively. Thirty-one (45%) isolates were assigned to international clone (IC) variants. MLVA identified 56 distinct types with six clusters and 53 singleton genotypes. Forty previously known MLST sequence types forming 5 clonal complexes were identified. The Class 1 integron (class 1 integrons) gene was identified in 84% of the isolates. The most prevalent (33%) cassette combination was aacA4-catB8-aadA1. The IC variants were predominant in the A. baumannii lineage with the ability to form strong biofilms. The XDR-CNSAb from burned @entity1 in Iran is resistant to various antimicrobials, including @entity9001 . This study shows wide genetic diversity in CNSAb. Integrating the new Iranian A. baumannii IC variants into the epidemiologic clonal and susceptibility profile databases can help effective global control measures against the XDR-CNSAb pandemic.

title: Wide distribution of XXXX resistant @entity3064 in burns @entity1 in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity2893 non-susceptible @entity3064 (CNSAb) is a major public health concern globally. This study determined the antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of CNSAb isolates from a referral burn center in Tehran, Iran. Sixty-nine CNSAb isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the E test methodology. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiplex PCR were performed. PCR assays tested for ambler classes A, B, and D b-lactamases. Detection of ISAba1, characterization of integrons, and biofilm formation were investigated. Fifty-three (77%) isolates revealed XDR phenotypes. High prevalence of bla OXA-23-like (88%) and bla @entity307 (54%) were detected. ISAba1 was detected upstream of bla ADC, bla OXA-23-like and bla OXA51-like genes in, 97, 42, and 26% of isolates, respectively. Thirty-one (45%) isolates were assigned to international clone (IC) variants. MLVA identified 56 distinct types with six clusters and 53 singleton genotypes. Forty previously known MLST sequence types forming 5 clonal complexes were identified. The Class 1 integron (class 1 integrons) gene was identified in 84% of the isolates. The most prevalent (33%) cassette combination was aacA4-catB8-aadA1. The IC variants were predominant in the A. baumannii lineage with the ability to form strong biofilms. The XDR-CNSAb from burned @entity1 in Iran is resistant to various antimicrobials, including @entity9001 . This study shows wide genetic diversity in CNSAb. Integrating the new Iranian A. baumannii IC variants into the epidemiologic clonal and susceptibility profile databases can help effective global control measures against the XDR-CNSAb pandemic.

title: Wide distribution of @entity2893 resistant XXXX in burns @entity1 in Iran.

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity2893 non-susceptible @entity3064 (CNSAb) is a major public health concern globally. This study determined the antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of CNSAb isolates from a referral burn center in Tehran, Iran. Sixty-nine CNSAb isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the E test methodology. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiplex PCR were performed. PCR assays tested for ambler classes A, B, and D b-lactamases. Detection of ISAba1, characterization of integrons, and biofilm formation were investigated. Fifty-three (77%) isolates revealed XDR phenotypes. High prevalence of bla OXA-23-like (88%) and bla @entity307 (54%) were detected. ISAba1 was detected upstream of bla ADC, bla OXA-23-like and bla OXA51-like genes in, 97, 42, and 26% of isolates, respectively. Thirty-one (45%) isolates were assigned to international clone (IC) variants. MLVA identified 56 distinct types with six clusters and 53 singleton genotypes. Forty previously known MLST sequence types forming 5 clonal complexes were identified. The Class 1 integron (class 1 integrons) gene was identified in 84% of the isolates. The most prevalent (33%) cassette combination was aacA4-catB8-aadA1. The IC variants were predominant in the A. baumannii lineage with the ability to form strong biofilms. The XDR-CNSAb from burned @entity1 in Iran is resistant to various antimicrobials, including @entity9001 . This study shows wide genetic diversity in CNSAb. Integrating the new Iranian A. baumannii IC variants into the epidemiologic clonal and susceptibility profile databases can help effective global control measures against the XDR-CNSAb pandemic.

title: Wide distribution of @entity2893 resistant @entity3064 in burns XXXX in Iran.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Despite widespread popular belief in the activation of recurrent @entity12881 (HSV) by psychosocial stress, little empirical evidence supports that contention. This study retrospectively examined the role of stress in activation of @entity1800 as mediated by social support. @entity1 were 59 volunteers who had self-reported culture-positive genital HSV for at least 10 months. Measures of stress proneness (State-Trait @entity148 Inventory; STAI-Trait), recent stressful events (Schedule of Recent Events; SRE), and subjective appraisal of stress (global self-rating) were administered along with measures of general social support and herpes-specific social support. When retrospective reports of @entity778 were examined using a multiple-regression approach, duration of disease and amount of herpes-specific social support were found to be significant moderators of the relation between stress and number of @entity778 in the preceding 12 months. When duration of disease was short (less than 4 years), stress (SRE) and number of recurrences were positively associated; when disease duration was longer, there was no relationship. Similarly, at low levels of herpes-specific social support, a positive relation between stress (SRE) and number of recurrences was found. However, at higher levels of herpes-specific social support, no association was found. No relation was found between stress proneness (STAI-Trait) and @entity778 . However, subjective appraisal (global rating) of stress in the preceding 12 months was positively and significantly correlated with reported number of recurrences. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.

title: The relationship among XXXX , stress, and social support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV symptoms', 'HSV recurrences']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['lesions in genital herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['HSV lesions']

answer: @entity12881 :: (MESH:D006558,Disease) :: ['genital herpes simplex virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A short-term high-fat diet impairs mitochondrial function and the ability of skeletal muscle to respond to growth stimuli, but it is unknown whether such a diet alters the ability to respond to @entity194 signals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rapid weigh gain induced by a high-fat (HF) diet accelerates denervation-induced @entity2057 . METHODS: Adult, male @entity19 (C57BL/6) were fed a control or HF (60  % calories as fat) diet for 3  weeks (3wHF). Sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally for the final 5 or 14  days of the diet. Soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed and incubated in vitro to determine rates of protein degradation and subsequently homogenized for determination of protein levels of @entity22227 , ubiquitination, myosin heavy chain (MHC) distribution, and mitochondrial subunits. RESULTS: When @entity19 were fed the 3wHF diet, whole-body fat mass more than doubled, but basal (innervated) muscle weights, rates of protein degradation, @entity22227 content, mitochondrial protein content, and myosin isoform distribution were not significantly different than with the control diet in either soleus or EDL. However in the 14  day denervated soleus, the 3wHF diet significantly augmented loss of mass, proteolysis rate, amount of the autophagosome marker @entity22227 II, and the amount of overall ubiquitination as compared to the control fed @entity19 . On the contrary, the 3wHF diet had no significant effect in the EDL on amount of mass loss, proteolysis rate, @entity22227 levels, or ubiquitination. Fourteen days denervation also induced a loss of mitochondrial proteins in the soleus but not the EDL, regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, a short-term, high-fat diet augments denervation @entity2057 by induction of protein degradation in the mitochondria-rich soleus but not in the glycolytic EDL. These findings suggest that the denervation-induced loss of mitochondria and HF diet-induced impairment of mitochondrial function may combine to promote skeletal @entity2057 .

title: Short-term, high-fat diet accelerates disuse XXXX and protein degradation in a muscle-specific manner in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A short-term high-fat diet impairs mitochondrial function and the ability of skeletal muscle to respond to growth stimuli, but it is unknown whether such a diet alters the ability to respond to @entity194 signals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rapid weigh gain induced by a high-fat (HF) diet accelerates denervation-induced @entity2057 . METHODS: Adult, male @entity19 (C57BL/6) were fed a control or HF (60  % calories as fat) diet for 3  weeks (3wHF). Sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally for the final 5 or 14  days of the diet. Soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed and incubated in vitro to determine rates of protein degradation and subsequently homogenized for determination of protein levels of @entity22227 , ubiquitination, myosin heavy chain (MHC) distribution, and mitochondrial subunits. RESULTS: When @entity19 were fed the 3wHF diet, whole-body fat mass more than doubled, but basal (innervated) muscle weights, rates of protein degradation, @entity22227 content, mitochondrial protein content, and myosin isoform distribution were not significantly different than with the control diet in either soleus or EDL. However in the 14  day denervated soleus, the 3wHF diet significantly augmented loss of mass, proteolysis rate, amount of the autophagosome marker @entity22227 II, and the amount of overall ubiquitination as compared to the control fed @entity19 . On the contrary, the 3wHF diet had no significant effect in the EDL on amount of mass loss, proteolysis rate, @entity22227 levels, or ubiquitination. Fourteen days denervation also induced a loss of mitochondrial proteins in the soleus but not the EDL, regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, a short-term, high-fat diet augments denervation @entity2057 by induction of protein degradation in the mitochondria-rich soleus but not in the glycolytic EDL. These findings suggest that the denervation-induced loss of mitochondria and HF diet-induced impairment of mitochondrial function may combine to promote skeletal @entity2057 .

title: Short-term, high-fat diet accelerates disuse @entity194 and protein degradation in a muscle-specific manner in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at optimizing the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 who are candidates for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases and harbor activating @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records from 2005 to 2010 of @entity1149 @entity1 with brain metastases harboring an activating @entity470 mutation. @entity1 who received a combination therapy of SRS and @entity470 -tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for brain metastases and those who received SRS without @entity470 -TKI were compared. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) of the brain metastases. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were eligible for enrolment in this study (SRS with TKI, 18; SRS without TKI, 13). Twenty-two @entity1 (71.0%) were @entity1 and the median overall age was 56.0 years. PFS of @entity75 was not significantly prolonged in SRS with TKI treatment group than in SRS without TKI group (17.0 months vs. 9.0 months, p=0.45). @entity5 control rate was 83.3% in the combination therapy group, and 61.5% in the SRS monotherapy group (p=0.23). There were no severe adverse events related with treatment in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic outcome of concurrent SRS and TKI treatment was not superior to SRS monotherapy, however, there was no additive adverse events related with combined treatment.

title: Effects of an XXXX -Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Add-on in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases Originating from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor']


abstract: To describe the characteristics of @entity1897 related to acute @entity8344 ( @entity8344 V) infection. We reviewed clinical, electrophysiological and histological data of three @entity1 with @entity1897 and positive @entity8344 V detection (IgG, IgM and PCR) compatible with @entity697 . The @entity16 fulfilled criteria for @entity4216 ( @entity4216 ). It could be preceded by or concurrent with a limited @entity4125 , but systemic manifestations were absent. The first neurological symptoms were always sensory and localized in a hand. @entity16 was initially limited to a restricted sensory part of a nerve trunk territory. The course was subacute with successive and asymmetric @entity128 . Electromyographic study confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4216 with multifocal asymmetric sensory and motor axonal loss in two @entity1 , whereas the @entity16 was purely sensory and limited to two nerves in the other @entity1 . Nerve biopsies showed no evidence of @entity1333 but, in one @entity1 , revealed a lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate evocative of @entity7255 secondary to an infectious agent. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was systematically administered. Long-term outcome was good but with incomplete sensory recovery and, for one @entity1 , persistence of a functional disability. @entity8344  V infection should be considered in the etiological assessment of @entity4216 , especially in the event of a progressive @entity74 in the hands and a concomitant history of @entity1910 . IVIg may be an effective treatment for this @entity32 .

title: XXXX multiplex associated with acute @entity8344 infection: characteristics, treatment and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the limb and cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric eruption']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disorder']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy multiplex', 'MM']

answer: @entity4216 :: (MESH:D020422,Disease) :: ['Mononeuropathy']


abstract: To describe the characteristics of @entity1897 related to acute @entity8344 ( @entity8344 V) infection. We reviewed clinical, electrophysiological and histological data of three @entity1 with @entity1897 and positive @entity8344 V detection (IgG, IgM and PCR) compatible with @entity697 . The @entity16 fulfilled criteria for @entity4216 ( @entity4216 ). It could be preceded by or concurrent with a limited @entity4125 , but systemic manifestations were absent. The first neurological symptoms were always sensory and localized in a hand. @entity16 was initially limited to a restricted sensory part of a nerve trunk territory. The course was subacute with successive and asymmetric @entity128 . Electromyographic study confirmed the diagnosis of @entity4216 with multifocal asymmetric sensory and motor axonal loss in two @entity1 , whereas the @entity16 was purely sensory and limited to two nerves in the other @entity1 . Nerve biopsies showed no evidence of @entity1333 but, in one @entity1 , revealed a lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate evocative of @entity7255 secondary to an infectious agent. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was systematically administered. Long-term outcome was good but with incomplete sensory recovery and, for one @entity1 , persistence of a functional disability. @entity8344  V infection should be considered in the etiological assessment of @entity4216 , especially in the event of a progressive @entity74 in the hands and a concomitant history of @entity1910 . IVIg may be an effective treatment for this @entity32 .

title: @entity4216 multiplex associated with acute XXXX infection: characteristics, treatment and outcome.

answer: @entity8344 :: (10798,Species) :: ['parvovirus B19']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and @entity17096 ( @entity378 ) are both rare, each occurring in 0.3-1.0% of @entity1 . To our knowledge, there are no existing cases reporting these manifestations of @entity378 simultaneously. We report a case of @entity378 involving the left CVJ as well as the skin, and discuss our management while providing a review of the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION: An adult @entity1 was presented with progressive @entity4048 associated with the development of several @entity272 . Investigations revealed @entity75 including the left CVJ. Biopsy of the CVJ lesion was unamenable due to proximity of the vertebral artery; therefore, the @entity1 underwent biopsy of the other sites. Histological examination demonstrated features consistent with @entity378 and the @entity1 commenced 12 months of standard anti- @entity378 therapy with cervical spine immobilization. At 2-month review, the @entity1 was well with @entity4048 and cutaneous lesions. Repeat imaging at 6 months follow-up demonstrated a stable C1 lesion with no evidence of instability. CONCLUSION: CVJ @entity378 may be treated solely with anti- @entity378 therapy and immobilization to good effect if there is no gross instability or @entity51 . Similarly, @entity17096 responds well to standard anti- @entity378 therapy. Our experience suggests that co-existing @entity66 in the CVJ and skin can be simultaneously managed with standard therapy without significant alterations to treatment regimes or prognosis.

title: Nonoperative management of craniovertebral junction and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['a near-complete resolution of neck pain', 'nocturnal neck pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB infection', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity17096 :: ('MESH:D014382', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous tuberculosis', 'cutaneous TB']

answer: @entity17096 :: (MESH:D014382,Disease) :: ['cutaneous tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM: To assess the DMFT index of @entity1 with Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) in Navi Mumbai. To correlate the DMFT index with @entity6586 count in the supragingival bacterial biofilm and with plaque pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental examination of 158 @entity1 aged 5-18 years was conducted to determine the DMFT/dmft index. @entity527 samples were collected from the buccal surfaces of all teeth. The samples were inoculated in mitis salivarius bacitracin agar medium and incubated at 37  C for 48 h. @entity527 was collected from interproximal sites of the molar area (preferably mandibular) for conducting plaque pH test. Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation were used to find the significance of the study parameters on categorical scale between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean DMFT recorded was 4.90    4.63 and the mean dmft recorded was 1.77    3.14. Mean number of @entity6586 colony-forming units found was 2.961 * 10(4). Mean plaque pH recorded was 6.2. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant correlation was found between the DMFT index with the number of @entity6586 and plaque pH.

title: DMFT index assessment, plaque pH, and microbiological analysis in XXXX with special health care needs, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Supragingival plaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Hearts from subjects with different ages have different @entity141 signaling. Release of @entity141 from intracellular stores in response to an action potential initiates cardiac contraction. Both depolarization-stimulated and spontaneous @entity141 releases, @entity141 transients and @entity141 sparks, demonstrate the main events of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Global increase in free @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]( i )) consists of summation of @entity141 release events in cardiomyocytes. Since the @entity141 flux induced by @entity141 sparks reports a summation of @entity8452 -sensitive @entity141 release channels ( @entity48744 s)'s behavior in a spark cluster, evaluation of the properties of @entity141 sparks and @entity141 transients may provide insight into the role of @entity48744 s on altered heart function between 3-month-old (young adult) and 6-month-old (mature adult) @entity35 . Basal [ @entity141 ]( i ) and @entity141 sparks frequency were significantly higher in mature adult @entity35 compared to those of young adults. Moreover, amplitudes of @entity141 sparks and @entity141 transients were significantly smaller in mature adults than those of young adults with longer time courses. A smaller L-type @entity141 current density and decreased SR @entity141 load was observed in mature adult @entity35 . In addition, @entity48744 s were markedly hyperphosphorylated, and phosphorylation levels of PKA and CaMKII were higher in heart from mature adults compared to those of young adults, whereas their SERCA protein levels were similar. Our data demonstrate that hearts from @entity35 with different ages have different @entity141 signaling including hyperphosphorylation of @entity48744 s and higher basal [ @entity141 ]( i ) together with increased oxidized protein- @entity1433 in mature adult @entity35 compared to those of young adults, which play important roles in ECC. Finally, we report that ECC efficiency changes with age during maturation, partially related with an increased cellular oxidation level leading to reduced free protein- @entity1433 in cardiomyocytes.

title: Age-related regulation of excitation-contraction coupling in XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Epidemiologic evidence shows a strong relationship between @entity356 and @entity66 . It was speculated that salt intake might be the linking factor causing @entity101 and @entity1504 as well as @entity1819 . This study tested whether @entity101 diseases, such as @entity741 and @entity66 , occurred more frequently in @entity1 with @entity356 and gastric @entity1066 than expected by chance alone. In addition, it was studied whether gastric and duodenal @entity1066 coincided more frequently with other diseases that in the past have been associated with peptic @entity1066 , such as @entity1575 , @entity1030 , and @entity309 . The German statistics of rehabilitation were used to assess the frequency of coincidences. The statistics include a description of the primary, secondary, and tertiary diagnoses leading to rehabilitation. This study confirms the presence of a high coincidence of both @entity1066 with @entity1575 . In @entity1 with @entity309 , both @entity1066 occurred more frequently than expected from their general distribution. Gastric but not duodenal @entity1066 coincided more frequently with @entity741 than expected. @entity356 occurred more frequently in @entity1 who had concomitant @entity741 or @entity66 . @entity4773 was not associated with an increased risk for any disease related to @entity101 . The results of the study support the contention that @entity1819 and diseases related to @entity101 share a common etiologic factor.

title: Concordant occurrence of gastric and XXXX diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases', 'damage to the gastric mucosa']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer types also', 'ulcer types']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to present the first total number of tested @entity1 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the number of @entity1 with positive sweat test. During the study we determined the number of ill @entity1 , the median age of @entity1 with @entity1577 , date of initial diagnosis, an average amount of @entity2865 in the sweat. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective, conducted at the Department of Pulmonology Pediatric Clinic of University Clinical Center of Sarajevo. RESULTS: In the period from March 2003 to December 2014, we have tested 625 @entity1 . 351 @entity1 were from Sarajevo Canton and 272 @entity1 from other cantons. Female @entity1 were more affected then male @entity1 , in the ratio of 1: 1,105. An average age of female @entity1 was 4.19  4.26 years, and the male 2.15  3.11 years. The median concentration of @entity2865 in the sweat measured by sweat test was for male @entity1 103.05  21.29 mmol/L, and for the female @entity1 96.05  28.85 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Most of @entity1 in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina have    F508 gene mutation. In the post-war period we started to use a sweat test. Male @entity1 tend to live longer than female @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Analysis of XXXX in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: One of the major advantages for @entity1 undergoing minimally invasive surgery as compared to an open surgical procedure is the improved recovery profile and decreased opioid requirements in the perioperative period. There are no definitive studies comparing the analgesic requirements in @entity1 undergoing two different types of minimally invasive procedure. This study retrospectively compares the perioperative analgesic requirements in severely @entity28 adolescents and young adults undergoing laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted, laparoscopic gastric sleeve resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With Institutional Review Board approval, the medication administration records of all severely @entity28 @entity1 who underwent gastric sleeve resection were retrospectively reviewed. Intra-operative analgesic and adjuvant medications administered, postoperative analgesic requirements, and visual analog @entity158 scores were compared between those undergoing a laparoscopic procedure versus a robotic-assisted procedure. RESULTS: This study cohort included a total of 28 @entity1 who underwent gastric sleeve resection surgery with 14 @entity1 in the laparoscopic group and 14 @entity1 in the robotic-assisted group. Intra-operative adjuvant administration of both intravenous @entity1443 and @entity6058 was similar in both groups. @entity1 in the robotic-assisted group required significantly less opioid during the intra-operative period as compared to @entity1 in the laparoscopic group (0.15    0.08 mg/kg vs. 0.19    0.06 mg/kg @entity1286 , P = 0.024). Cumulative opioid requirements for the first 72 postoperative h were similar in both the groups (0.64    0.25 vs. 0.68    0.27 mg/kg @entity1286 , P = NS). No difference was noted in the @entity282 scores. CONCLUSION: Although intraoperative opioid administration was lower in the robotic-assisted group, the postoperative opioid requirements, and the @entity282 scores were similar in both groups.

title: Perioperative analgesic requirements in severely XXXX adolescents and young adults undergoing laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted gastric sleeve resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) of pediatric and adult onset differs in several aspects although little knowledge exists about pathogenic disparity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized as @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + are modulators of gut homeostasis, but their role in @entity1 @entity29 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mucosal distribution of @entity403 + and @entity2902 + cells in untreated pediatric @entity29 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Untreated pediatric (n = 14) and adult (n = 12) @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 were prospectively included together with age-matched symptomatic controls. Colonic and ileal mucosal biopsies collected at diagnosis were studied by immunohistochemistry for enumeration of T cells and for mucosal expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 . Multicolor immunofluorescence staining was performed in situ to phenotype @entity403 + cells as Tregs and characterize the @entity2902 + cells. RESULTS: The density of @entity33 cells displayed only small variations, while that of @entity403 + cells and @entity2902 + cells was increased in @entity30 @entity1 . Multicolor immunofluorescence showed that most @entity2902 + cells were macrophages. Interestingly, in the ileum of pediatric @entity30 @entity1 the density of @entity403 + cells was significantly higher than in adult @entity30 @entity1 . Co-expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 , as well as @entity403 and @entity4386 , indicated that the @entity403 + cells were Tregs. CONCLUSION: Mucosal numbers of @entity403 (+) Tregs and activated ( @entity2902 +) macrophages are elevated in both pediatric and adult ileal @entity30 . The greater increase of ileal @entity403 + Tregs in pediatric @entity30 than in adult @entity30 might contribute to the relatively less frequent phenotype of isolated @entity4628 in @entity30 @entity1 .

title: Increase of regulatory T cells in ileal mucosa of untreated pediatric XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal enteritis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal T']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) of pediatric and adult onset differs in several aspects although little knowledge exists about pathogenic disparity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized as @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + are modulators of gut homeostasis, but their role in @entity1 @entity29 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mucosal distribution of @entity403 + and @entity2902 + cells in untreated pediatric @entity29 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Untreated pediatric (n = 14) and adult (n = 12) @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 were prospectively included together with age-matched symptomatic controls. Colonic and ileal mucosal biopsies collected at diagnosis were studied by immunohistochemistry for enumeration of T cells and for mucosal expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 . Multicolor immunofluorescence staining was performed in situ to phenotype @entity403 + cells as Tregs and characterize the @entity2902 + cells. RESULTS: The density of @entity33 cells displayed only small variations, while that of @entity403 + cells and @entity2902 + cells was increased in @entity30 @entity1 . Multicolor immunofluorescence showed that most @entity2902 + cells were macrophages. Interestingly, in the ileum of pediatric @entity30 @entity1 the density of @entity403 + cells was significantly higher than in adult @entity30 @entity1 . Co-expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 , as well as @entity403 and @entity4386 , indicated that the @entity403 + cells were Tregs. CONCLUSION: Mucosal numbers of @entity403 (+) Tregs and activated ( @entity2902 +) macrophages are elevated in both pediatric and adult ileal @entity30 . The greater increase of ileal @entity403 + Tregs in pediatric @entity30 than in adult @entity30 might contribute to the relatively less frequent phenotype of isolated @entity4628 in @entity30 @entity1 .

title: Increase of regulatory T cells in ileal mucosa of untreated pediatric @entity30 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aetiology of oral and @entity11253 in this country includes @entity64 ( @entity64 ), fall, industrial accidents and others. Among these causes, @entity64 accident is the predominant cause of @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective record review was carried out using hospital records of all @entity1 who sustained oral and maxillofacial injury at the Department of Oral Surgery, Seremban Hospital, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia between 1998 and 2002. Information related to demographics, aetiology of @entity130 , vehicles involved in collision, location of injuries and treatment modalities were reviewed. RESULTS: Two thousand nine hundred and eighty-six @entity1 sustained oral and @entity11253 . Of these @entity1 , 79.2% were @entity1 and the remaining were @entity1 . Among all the races, Malays had the highest involvement (50.6%) followed by Indians (24.5%), Chinese (19.6%) and others (5.3%). There were statistically significant results on the association of aetiology and the ethnic groups, in the age group of 30 years or less and male gender (P < 0.001). The most common injury was the soft-tissue injury followed by dental and @entity130 and bony @entity174 . Among all @entity174 , 66.3% were managed conservatively, 13% were treated surgically and 19.7% did not have any intervention. In relation to dental and @entity130 , 64.8% had treatment in the form of splinting, restorations or dental extraction. The rest of the @entity1 (35.2%) were referred to their dentists or did not have any active treatment at Seremban Hospital. CONCLUSION: Most of the dental and @entity8494 in Seremban Hospital were caused by @entity64 and were predominantly managed using conservative methods.

title: A retrospective study of oral and XXXX in Seremban Hospital, Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motorvehicle accident', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dentoalveolar injuries', 'trauma', 'injury in Malaysia']

answer: @entity11253 :: (MESH:D008446,Disease) :: ['maxillofacial injuries']


abstract: On the morning after taking @entity167 in large amounts together with intranasal @entity4521 , a 25-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity158 , swelling and blistering in both arms together with right brachial plexus paresis. @entity908 kinase (1930 U/l), acute phase proteins and IgE (238 IU/ml) were elevated. The @entity158 was largely relieved by @entity2997 block (given once only), and the swelling and @entity4530 responded to @entity1667 (80 mg daily for 7 days, then gradually reduced). Function returned in the lower division of the brachial plexus within ten days, but the upper division was still paretic 2.5 months later. After injecting @entity4521 intravenously, a 27-year-old @entity1 woke up next morning with fever (39 degrees C) and proximal flaccid paralysis of the right arm. In addition to leucocytosis (25,600/microliters), @entity908 kinase was raised to 28,890 U/l and pANCA to a titre of 1:50 (antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody, perinuclear fluorescence pattern). The cerebrospinal fluid showed increases in cell count (15/microliters) and protein (73 mg/dl). @entity810 supervened after two days but was successfully treated. The paresis was still present at four months, though improved. A 21-year-old @entity1 developed an upper @entity5300 after attempting suicide with intravenous @entity4521 accompanied by @entity12029 (20 mg by mouth) and a bottle of whisky. She had raised levels of @entity1851 (12 mg/dl) and IgM (4.0 milligrams). The paresis cleared up within six weeks without specific therapy. In view of the @entity1200 it seems possible that the immune system was involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity75 and the @entity5925 .

title: [ @entity5300 and @entity5925 following XXXX abuse. Indications for an immunological cause].

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine', 'Creatine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plexus lesions']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus lesion']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: On the morning after taking @entity167 in large amounts together with intranasal @entity4521 , a 25-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity158 , swelling and blistering in both arms together with right brachial plexus paresis. @entity908 kinase (1930 U/l), acute phase proteins and IgE (238 IU/ml) were elevated. The @entity158 was largely relieved by @entity2997 block (given once only), and the swelling and @entity4530 responded to @entity1667 (80 mg daily for 7 days, then gradually reduced). Function returned in the lower division of the brachial plexus within ten days, but the upper division was still paretic 2.5 months later. After injecting @entity4521 intravenously, a 27-year-old @entity1 woke up next morning with fever (39 degrees C) and proximal flaccid paralysis of the right arm. In addition to leucocytosis (25,600/microliters), @entity908 kinase was raised to 28,890 U/l and pANCA to a titre of 1:50 (antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody, perinuclear fluorescence pattern). The cerebrospinal fluid showed increases in cell count (15/microliters) and protein (73 mg/dl). @entity810 supervened after two days but was successfully treated. The paresis was still present at four months, though improved. A 21-year-old @entity1 developed an upper @entity5300 after attempting suicide with intravenous @entity4521 accompanied by @entity12029 (20 mg by mouth) and a bottle of whisky. She had raised levels of @entity1851 (12 mg/dl) and IgM (4.0 milligrams). The paresis cleared up within six weeks without specific therapy. In view of the @entity1200 it seems possible that the immune system was involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity75 and the @entity5925 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity5925 following @entity4521 abuse. Indications for an immunological cause].

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['Brachial plexus lesions']


abstract: On the morning after taking @entity167 in large amounts together with intranasal @entity4521 , a 25-year-old @entity1 experienced @entity158 , swelling and blistering in both arms together with right brachial plexus paresis. @entity908 kinase (1930 U/l), acute phase proteins and IgE (238 IU/ml) were elevated. The @entity158 was largely relieved by @entity2997 block (given once only), and the swelling and @entity4530 responded to @entity1667 (80 mg daily for 7 days, then gradually reduced). Function returned in the lower division of the brachial plexus within ten days, but the upper division was still paretic 2.5 months later. After injecting @entity4521 intravenously, a 27-year-old @entity1 woke up next morning with fever (39 degrees C) and proximal flaccid paralysis of the right arm. In addition to leucocytosis (25,600/microliters), @entity908 kinase was raised to 28,890 U/l and pANCA to a titre of 1:50 (antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody, perinuclear fluorescence pattern). The cerebrospinal fluid showed increases in cell count (15/microliters) and protein (73 mg/dl). @entity810 supervened after two days but was successfully treated. The paresis was still present at four months, though improved. A 21-year-old @entity1 developed an upper @entity5300 after attempting suicide with intravenous @entity4521 accompanied by @entity12029 (20 mg by mouth) and a bottle of whisky. She had raised levels of @entity1851 (12 mg/dl) and IgM (4.0 milligrams). The paresis cleared up within six weeks without specific therapy. In view of the @entity1200 it seems possible that the immune system was involved in the pathogenesis of the @entity75 and the @entity5925 .

title: [ @entity5300 and XXXX following @entity4521 abuse. Indications for an immunological cause].

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: A major surface protein complex from the Florida isolate of @entity16451 has been previously shown to induce protection in immunized @entity291 and has been proposed as the basis of a subunit vaccine against @entity9187 . This complex in the Florida isolate is composed of two noncovalently associated polypeptides with molecular masses of 105 and 100 kilodaltons (kDa). The analogous protein complex from four geographically different isolates of A. marginale was immunoprecipitated and compared with the protein complex of the Florida isolate. The polypeptides of the complex varied in apparent molecular mass among the isolates. By using antibodies recognizing epitopes on each polypeptide of the Florida isolate, the antigenic identity of the polypeptides in the analogous complexes was determined. The polypeptides recognized by the neutralizing monoclonal antibody 22B1, which recognizes a 105-kDa polypeptide in the Florida isolate, ranged from 70 to 100 kDa in the other isolates. Those polypeptides recognized by rabbit antiserum R911, which recognizes a 100-kDa polypeptide in the Florida isolate, ranged from 97 to 100 kDa. The surface-exposed peptides in the complexes were compared by limited enzymatic digestion to assess structural homology among isolates. Despite the marked variations in molecular weight, there were conserved peptides between the 22B1-reactive polypeptides and between the R911-reactive peptides. Determination of the role of the conserved peptides in inducing immunity will be critical in the application of these polypeptides as the basis of a subunit vaccine for @entity291 @entity9187 .

title: Molecular size variations in an immunoprotective protein complex among isolates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9187 :: ('MESH:D000712', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: Blunt or penetrating @entity3145 frequently require fasciotomy. Long term follow-up studies of these @entity1 are rare. From 1976 to 1983, 85 @entity1 underwent 39 fasciotomies upon the upper extremities and 57 upon the lower. Amputations were required in 11 @entity1 ; four due to primary vascular compromise, six to severe @entity130 and one to electric burn with myonecrosis. The fasciotomy was not etiologically related to limb loss in any of these @entity1 . @entity4034 occurred in two @entity1 . Long term follow-up data was obtained by telephone and mail survey from 23 of the 61 @entity1 five to 11 years after injury. @entity158 , @entity425 and @entity809 were major determinants of long term morbidity. @entity4 was present in two @entity1 . Seven of the @entity1 interviewed were unemployed due to the injuries they received to the extremities. Most symptoms were believed to be due to the severity of the injury, and none were directly attributed to the fasciotomy. When fasciotomy is indicated, it is a safe adjunctive procedure in limb salvage and contributes very little to the long term morbidity of @entity1 with severe @entity130 to the extremity.

title: Fasciotomy for severe, blunt and penetrating XXXX of the extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the extremity with vascular or severe soft tissue and skeletal trauma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic edema']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study evaluated the effect of the 270 degrees Belsey @entity7133 IV fundoplication on 24 hour ambulatory pH metry variables. Thirty seven @entity1 with confirmed @entity354 who had a Belsey @entity7133 IV antireflux procedure were evaluated preoperatively and three to six months postoperatively including endoscopy, lower oesophageal sphincter manometry, and 24 hour ambulatory pH metry. In 30 of 37 @entity1 the Belsey @entity7133 IV fundoplication was judged successful based on symptom relief and healing of @entity354 . In these 30 @entity1 percentage reflux for total, upright, and supine time (median and range) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from 10.0% (2.7-35.3%), 10.8% (3.2-39.9%), and 6.7 (0.0-33.0%) respectively to 0.5% (0.0-7.4%), 0.6% (0.0-13.7%), and 0.1% (0.0-4.9%) after operation. This decrease in reflux time resulted predominantly from a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the number of reflux episodes from 98 (23-231) to 14 (0-82) postoperatively. Normalisation of total reflux time (upper limit of normal for time with pH below 4:4%) was found in 89% and normalisation of total and upright and supine reflux in 64% of successfully operated @entity1 with confirmed abnormal acid reflux before operation. A successful antireflux procedure was associated with significant (p < 0.001) increases in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure from 7.8 (0.6) mm Hg to 14.5 (0.7) mm Hg mean (SEM). In seven @entity1 with a failed antireflux operation basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure did not change significant;y (preoperative value 5.7 (1.3) mm Hg; postoperative value 7.8 (0.8) mm Hg). In these @entity1 reflux time did not decrease after the operation and remained in the abnormal range in all @entity1 . It is concluded that a successful, in contrast with a failed, Belsey @entity7133 IV fundoplication is associated with significant decreases in total, upright, and supine reflux time. Normalisation of pH metry variables is not a prerequisite for successful antireflux surgery. A surgery. A successful 270 degree Belsey @entity7133 IV fundoplication was associated with a significant increase in basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, in contrast with the failure group. Restoration of a sufficient lower oesophageal sphincter barrier is an important aim in antireflux surgery.

title: Prospective evaluation of 24 hour ambulatory pH metry in Belsey XXXX IV antireflux surgery.

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity7133 :: (4139,Gene) :: ['Mark']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage precursors are present in embryonic @entity35 shortly after the onset of @entity1210 . During organogenesis they soon establish residency in many parts of the body and become convertible into phagocytes, at first gaining morphological characteristics of macrophages and later a range of surface antigens used to characterize subpopulations in adults. Nonetheless, it is uncertain whether representatives of this fetal lineage continue to exist past birth. We investigated the question indirectly by seeing if such cells can be made to survive in vitro to an age equivalent to adulthood and by examining underlying conditions that favor this outcome. METHODS: Fourteen-day embryonic lungs, hearts, and limb buds were organ cultured on a firm serum-containing medium. Fetal macrophages developed within all explants and then migrated out to form a corona of cells surrounding each explant. The lung cultures were selected for subsequent work which mainly used coronal area as the measure of macrophage population size in experimental and control groups. Baseline growth and survival of macrophages were established for cultures grown on standard medium, then effects of the following were examined: @entity3352 (10(-6) M) as it influences initial production of macrophages from precursors and later survival of differentiated cells; and @entity23142 ( @entity23142 ), used alone at moderate dosage (50-100 U), and combined with granulocyte-macrophage CSF (both 200 U), for its importance to long-term survival of the population. Mitogenic influence of @entity23142 on differentiated macrophages was demonstrated by uptake of @entity1603 . RESULTS: @entity3352 inhibited the formation of macrophages from precursors but enhanced the survival of differentiated cells. @entity23142 increased @entity1603 uptake of differentiated macrophages and permitted coronal growth to continue long past the approximately 30 day limit of controls. Beyond this interval, @entity23142 was essential for macrophage survival, since coronas quickly shrank after the cytokine was withdrawn. Administration of the @entity23142 / @entity7421 mixture to the 2 oldest @entity23142 -exposed cultures between 98 and 127 days in vitro resulted in an increase in the number of coronal macrophages (P < 0.001); withdrawal between 129 and 140 days led to a decrease (P < 0.005). Ultimately a few cells were still surviving at 183 days. CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic factors promote early formation of macrophages within the explants, but the availability of factors is lessened by the anti-inflammatory action of @entity3352 . Its later promotion of macrophage survival may be based on suppression of autogenous @entity3009 ( @entity1421 ) synthesis. @entity23142 greatly promotes macrophage survival; in context this is sufficient to show that the fetal macrophage line has a clear potential to survive well into adulthood.

title: Exogenous cytokines enhance survival of macrophages from organ cultured embryonic XXXX tissues.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity23142 :: ('78965(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'M-CSF']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The anti-tubular basement membrane (TBM) disease was found in own kidneys of BN, but not BN.1 @entity35 , after immunization with BP.1N (or BP) allogeneic kidney homogenate in @entity3795 . Both humoral [anti-TBM reaction assessed by direct immunofluorescence (IF)] and cellular response to TBM antigen ( @entity1986 and @entity7468 ) appeared to be controlled by an MHC-linked Ir gene(s). In the present experiments all of the 54 @entity13199 /RT1n heterozygous Bc @entity35 (BN.1B x BN) x BN.1B were found to be anti-TBM positive by direct IF following the immunization mentioned above, as were all (BN.1B x BN)F1 hybrids. Among 51 @entity13199 / @entity13199 Bc homozygotes, 5 animals formed linear anti-TBM deposition in their own kidneys. The direct IF staining was somewhat weaker than in the preceding groups but continuous. However, circulating anti-TBM antibodies were not proven by indirect IF in these @entity35 . BN animals failed to develop anti-TBM disease not only after syngeneic immunization but also after BN.1B inoculum differing in RT1 antigens alone. Only donor-recipient strain combinations involving non-RT1 differences (BP or BP.1N to BN, BN.1B or BN to BP.1N) were susceptible to the anti-TBM response. Thus the previously revealed adjuvant effect of non-RT1 alloantigenic differences was confirmed, whereas RT1 difference had no such effect nor was involved in it. In conclusion, the main anti-TBM Ir gene seems to be closely linked with, or even included in, the RT1n haplotype in our system of congenic strains. An alternative hypothesis is that there may be two separately functioning Ir genes, one within the RT1n allele and the other in linkage with RT1.

title: Genetic analysis of anti-TBM disease in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Norway rat']


abstract: Mutations at the folded gastrulation ( @entity56680 ) and twisted gastrulation ( @entity73366 ) loci interfere with early morphogenetic movements in @entity238 . @entity56680 embryos do not form a normal posterior midgut and although their germbands do elongate, they do not extend dorsally. As a result, when normal embryos have fully extended germbands, the germbands in mutant embryos are folded into the interior on the ventral side of the embryo. @entity73366 embryos have abnormally deep dorsal folds during early gastrulation, associated with the failure of dorsal cells to slip laterally to make way for the expanding germband. Both @entity56680 and @entity73366 embryos continue to develop, but form disorganized first instar larvae. @entity56680 and @entity73366 are zygotically active genes expressed at least by 10 and 20 min after the onset of gastrulation. Both mutations are viable in homozygous germ cells and the wild-type genes need not be expressed during oogenesis for survival of heterozygous progeny. Elimination of @entity56680 + gene product from maternal germ cells does, however, affect the extent of folding observed during gastrulation in viable heterozygotes. Analysis of @entity56680 adult and larval gynandromorphs indicates that normal folded gastrulation gene function is only required at the posterior region of the embryo, most probably in the cells giving rise to the posterior midgut or proctodeum. The relative survival of @entity56680 mosaics suggests that embryos with mosaic "lethal foci" also die during embryogenesis, although the typical @entity56680 phenotype is only produced when the entire focus is mutant. In contrast to the @entity56680 focus, no particular cell must be wild type in @entity73366 mosaics for survival. Wild-type cells on the dorsal side of the embryo, however, are most effective in rescuing the embryo. This indicates that normal @entity73366 gene product may be required only on the dorsal side of the embryo, potentially in the region which gives rise to the amnion serosa.

title: Requirements for zygotic gene activity during gastrulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors review their recent experience with resected @entity1124 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1124 has traditionally had a 5-year survival rate less than 10% after curative resection. Recently, several groups have reported markedly improved 5-year survival rates (approaching 25%) for @entity1 undergoing curative resection. METHODS: Institutional experience with 186 consecutive @entity1 (1981-1991) with pathologic diagnoses of @entity420 undergoing pancreatic resection was reviewed. Histologic specimens of all 3-year survivors (n = 31) were re-reviewed by two pathologists, one internal and one external; nonductal @entity788 then were excluded. RESULTS: After histologic re-review, 12 @entity1 did not have @entity420 , leaving a total of 174 @entity1 for analysis (102 @entity1 , 72 @entity1 ; mean age 63 years, range 34-82 years). Mean follow-up was 22 months (range 4-109). Classical pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 71%, pylorus-preserving resection in 9%, and total pancreatectomy in 20%. Hospital mortality was 3%. Twenty-eight @entity1 (16%) had macroscopically incomplete resections; 98 (56%) had lymph node @entity3 within the resected specimens, and 21 @entity1 (12%) had extensive perineural invasion. Overall actuarial 5-year survival was 6.8%. Five-year survival was greater for node-negative versus node-positive @entity1 (14% vs. 1%, p < 0.001), and for smaller (< 2 cm) versus larger @entity5 (20% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). The 5-year survival for the subset of @entity1 with negative nodes and no perineural or duodenal invasion (69 @entity1 ) was 23% (p < 0.001). Mean survival of the 12 excluded @entity1 was 53 +/- 7 months compared with 17.5 +/- 1 months in the 174 @entity1 with ductal @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: Five-year survival for @entity1 undergoing pancreatic resection for lesions deemed to be clinically "curable" intraoperatively and histologically reviewed/confirmed to be @entity1124 is approximately 7%. Survival is greater (23%) in the subset of @entity1 with negative nodes and no duodenal or perineural invasions. Pathologic review of all @entity1 with @entity788 is mandatory if survival data are to be meaningful.

title: Long-term survival after resection for XXXX . Is it really improving?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal cancer adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas', 'ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: Membrane potentials of medullary chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland of the @entity19 were measured in situ. Resting potential (-54.3 +/- 8.8 mV) depended on extracellular [K+] as predicted by the constant-field equation with a permeability ratio, PNa/PK, of 0.09. Current-voltage (I-V) relationships showed that the current is rectified across the chromaffin cell membrane. A rectification ratio of 0.4 was calculated from the slopes of the I-V curves for positive (41 +/- 26 @entity4780 ) and negative (103 +/- @entity4780 ) currents. Because input resistance for a resting chromaffin cell in isolation is approximately 5 G omega, the chromaffin cells in situ behave as if they were electrically coupled. Most cells responded to depolarizing current pulses with repetitive action potentials, but only 50% of them showed spontaneous electrical activity. Spontaneous activity was often seen in the presence of @entity1022 (3 microM). Although the application of the K+-channel blockers @entity5128 and @entity8594 greatly increased the amplitude of the action potentials, only @entity8594 induced continuous electrical activity. Application of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) always depolarized the cell membrane. This effect was blocked by @entity3897 but not by @entity2899 , suggesting that ACh stimulation of chromaffin cells in the @entity19 involves activation of muscarinic receptors.

title: Electrical activity in chromaffin cells of intact XXXX adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['D-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Pavlovian control of tolerance to the sedative and hypothermic effects of @entity8685 ( @entity13667 ) was demonstrated in two experiments. In Experiment I, drug-experienced @entity35 were repeatedly treated with @entity13667 (30 mg/kg) in one environment (CS+); on alternate days, they were given saline injections in a different environment (CS-). @entity25 and inactivity were used as measures of sedation. A comparable conditioning procedure was used in Experiment II, but tolerance to the hypothermic effect of @entity13667 was the dependent measure. During tolerance testing, @entity35 from both Experiments I and II were given @entity13667 in one of three environments, CS+, CS-, or a novel environment (CSnov). In Experiment I, @entity35 were equally tolerant in all three test environments when duration of sleep was assessed. However, when inactivity was used as the measure of tolerance, @entity35 showed tolerance in CS+ and CS-, and significantly less tolerance in CSnov. Drug-naive controls showed similar nontolerant responses to @entity13667 in all environments, thus ruling out the possibility that the effect of sedation was mediated nonassociatively. In Experiment II, drug-experienced @entity35 showed tolerance to @entity13667 -induced @entity2332 in CS+ and CS- but less tolerance in CSnov. A compensatory @entity221 was observed when these @entity35 were given saline in CS+. There was some evidence for a generalization gradient in the conditional control of tolerance in both experiments.

title: Associative control of tolerance to the sedative and hypothermic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of sleeping']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity8685 :: (MESH:D002707,Chemical) :: ['chlordiazepoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internet-delivered mental health (eMental Health) interventions produce treatment effects similar to those observed in face-to-face treatment. However, there is a large degree of variation in treatment effects observed from program to program, and eMental Health interventions remain somewhat of a black box in terms of the mechanisms by which they exert their therapeutic benefit. Trials of eMental Health interventions typically use large sample sizes and therefore provide an ideal context within which to systematically investigate the therapeutic benefit of specific program features. Furthermore, the growth and impact of mobile phone technology within eMental Health interventions provides an opportunity to examine associations between symptom improvement and the use of program features delivered across computer and mobile phone platforms. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of program usage associated with treatment outcome in a @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of a fully automated, mobile phone- and Web-based self-help program, "myCompass", for individuals with mild-to-moderate symptoms of @entity308 , @entity148 , and/or stress. The core features of the program include interactive psychotherapy modules, a symptom tracking feature, short motivational messages, symptom tracking reminders, and a diary, with many of these features accessible via both computer and mobile phone. METHODS: Patterns of program usage were recorded for 231 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity308 , @entity148 , and/or stress, and who were randomly allocated to receive access to myCompass for seven weeks during the @entity23 . @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and functional impairment were examined at baseline and at eight weeks. RESULTS: Log data indicated that the most commonly used components were the short motivational messages (used by 68.4%, 158/231 of @entity1 ) and the symptom tracking feature (used by 61.5%, 142/231 of @entity1 ). Further, after controlling for baseline symptom severity, increased use of these alert features was associated with significant improvements in @entity73 . Associations between use of symptom tracking reminders and improved treatment outcome remained significant after controlling for frequency of symptom tracking. Although correlations were not statistically significant, reminders received via @entity87 (ie, text message) were more strongly associated with symptom reduction than were reminders received via email. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that alerts may be an especially potent component of eMental Health interventions, both via their association with enhanced program usage, as well as independently. Although there was evidence of a stronger association between symptom improvement and use of alerts via the mobile phone platform, the degree of overlap between use of email and @entity87 alerts may have precluded identification of alert delivery modalities that were most strongly associated with symptom reduction. Future research using random assignment to computer and mobile delivery is needed to fully determine the most ideal platform for delivery of this and other features of online interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12610000625077; http://www.anzctr.org.au/TrialSearch.aspx? (Archived by WebCite http://www.webcitation.org/6WPqHK0mQ).

title: Breaking Open the Black Box: Isolating the Most Potent Features of a Web and Mobile Phone-Based Intervention for XXXX , @entity148 , and Stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internet-delivered mental health (eMental Health) interventions produce treatment effects similar to those observed in face-to-face treatment. However, there is a large degree of variation in treatment effects observed from program to program, and eMental Health interventions remain somewhat of a black box in terms of the mechanisms by which they exert their therapeutic benefit. Trials of eMental Health interventions typically use large sample sizes and therefore provide an ideal context within which to systematically investigate the therapeutic benefit of specific program features. Furthermore, the growth and impact of mobile phone technology within eMental Health interventions provides an opportunity to examine associations between symptom improvement and the use of program features delivered across computer and mobile phone platforms. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of program usage associated with treatment outcome in a @entity23 ( @entity23 ) of a fully automated, mobile phone- and Web-based self-help program, "myCompass", for individuals with mild-to-moderate symptoms of @entity308 , @entity148 , and/or stress. The core features of the program include interactive psychotherapy modules, a symptom tracking feature, short motivational messages, symptom tracking reminders, and a diary, with many of these features accessible via both computer and mobile phone. METHODS: Patterns of program usage were recorded for 231 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity308 , @entity148 , and/or stress, and who were randomly allocated to receive access to myCompass for seven weeks during the @entity23 . @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and functional impairment were examined at baseline and at eight weeks. RESULTS: Log data indicated that the most commonly used components were the short motivational messages (used by 68.4%, 158/231 of @entity1 ) and the symptom tracking feature (used by 61.5%, 142/231 of @entity1 ). Further, after controlling for baseline symptom severity, increased use of these alert features was associated with significant improvements in @entity73 . Associations between use of symptom tracking reminders and improved treatment outcome remained significant after controlling for frequency of symptom tracking. Although correlations were not statistically significant, reminders received via @entity87 (ie, text message) were more strongly associated with symptom reduction than were reminders received via email. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that alerts may be an especially potent component of eMental Health interventions, both via their association with enhanced program usage, as well as independently. Although there was evidence of a stronger association between symptom improvement and use of alerts via the mobile phone platform, the degree of overlap between use of email and @entity87 alerts may have precluded identification of alert delivery modalities that were most strongly associated with symptom reduction. Future research using random assignment to computer and mobile delivery is needed to fully determine the most ideal platform for delivery of this and other features of online interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12610000625077; http://www.anzctr.org.au/TrialSearch.aspx? (Archived by WebCite http://www.webcitation.org/6WPqHK0mQ).

title: Breaking Open the Black Box: Isolating the Most Potent Features of a Web and Mobile Phone-Based Intervention for @entity308 , XXXX , and Stress.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: The aortic wall of the @entity1 ascending aorta from 44 @entity1 operated on for @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) was studied. Light microscopy revealed significantly greater cystic change, @entity1949 , @entity82 and disappearance of smooth muscle cells in aortic media in @entity2333 than in control specimens taken at autopsy. Occasional aortae, however, were morphologically almost normal. Eight of the @entity1 had @entity1614 . No significant differences were observed between them and the other 36 @entity1 , except for a tendency to have less pronounced @entity82 . There were 9 @entity1 who, in addition to the changes mentioned, had advanced @entity731 , and their aortae showed more extensive @entity82 and medial @entity39 . Pooling of proteoglycan matrix, degeneration of elastic lamellae, increased amount of collagen and @entity39 of smooth muscle cells characterized the electron microscopic findings of 13 @entity1 . The collagen fibers seemed to be of normal shape. In conclusion, changes in @entity2333 are characterized by severe @entity39 . The changes are basically similar in Marfan and non-Marfan @entity1 .

title: XXXX . Light and electron microscopic changes in aortic media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['elastic fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['AAE', 'annulo-aortic ectasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['Annulo-aortic ectasia']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) support axon regeneration across artificial nerve bridges but their differentiative capacity and ability to promote nerve regeneration remains unclear. In this study, MSCs isolated from bone marrow of @entity35 were characterized by plastic adherence and pluripotency towards mesodermal lineages. Isolated undifferentiated MSCs (uMSCs) were stimulated towards a @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) phenotype using specific growth factors, and cell marker analysis was performed to verify @entity1358 phenotype in vitro. Differentiation resulted in temporally dependent positive immunocytochemical staining for the @entity1358 markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, and @entity11451 ( @entity11451 ), with maximal marker expression achieved after 6days of treatment with differentiation media. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that ~50% of differentiated MSCs (dMSCs) have a @entity1358 phenotype. Using an indirect co-culture system, we compared the ability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells to extend neurites in indirect contact with uMSCs and dMSCs as compared to SCs. The mean values of the longest length of the DRG neurites were the same for the dMSCs and SCs and significantly higher than the uMSC and DRG mono-culture systems (p < 0.05). In vivo, compared to an empty conduit, @entity73367 seeded collagen nerve conduits resulted in a greater number of sciatic motoneurons regenerating axons through the conduit into the distal nerve stump. We conclude that bone marrow-derived MSCs differentiate into a @entity1358 -phenotype that expresses @entity1358 markers transiently and sufficiently to support limited neurite outgrowth in vitro and axonal regeneration equivalent to that of SCs in vitro and in vivo. The nerve autograft remains the most effective conduit for supporting regeneration across nerve gaps.

title: Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['SC', 'Schwann cell']

entities_list: @entity11451 :: ('24596(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor receptor', 'NGFR']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In the field of @entity5 prevention, the public ask to be involved more actively in scientific research and in the production of knowledge. This is leading to an increase of participatory projects in the field of epidemiology. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has received considerable attention in the past 15 years; it is becoming a recognized and important approach in addressing health disparities in @entity5 prevention. The increasing accessibility of new methods of comparison, discussion and information allows to link a large number of @entity1 . The project DianaWeb was born in 2015 at the Department of Predictive Medicine and Prevention of the National @entity5 Institute, Milan. This CBPR involves @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). DianaWeb communications are based on an interactive online platform developed "ad hoc" (www.dianaweb.org). With very few exceptions, all communication between @entity1 and research team will be on the web. The recruitment is done through Internet, hospitals, physicians, media and @entity2133 . @entity1 can join the project independently, under the control of researchers and the aim of the study is to assess whether healthy eating and regular physical activity can improve the quality of life and increase survival rates in @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity0 . About 50,000 Italian @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity0 with or without @entity3 , local recurrence or second @entity5 ; with in situ or invasive @entity5 , whatever the disease stage at diagnosis, whatever histological diagnosis, whatever the time elapsed since diagnosis should be recruited in the DianaWeb project. The volunteers are asked to send clinical information about their condition from diagnosis onwards, on their weight and other anthropometric measures, lifestyles and nutrition through online questionnaires. Moreover, the @entity1 enrolled in the study, after login, can access evidence-based information and results obtained during the project (individual and whole community data). Volunteers can also contribute to the growth of knowledge about lifestyles to be adopted by sharing recipes, movement strategies, how to manage the change in daily practice, which will be judged by the researchers to verify the compliance with the recommendations provided before networking.

title: [DianaWeb: a demonstration project to improve XXXX prognosis through lifestyles].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['word of mouth']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) is a common @entity242 affecting soft tissues of the body, especially of the extremities or trunk. Prognosis of the abdominal @entity1418 is usually poor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old female presented to our surgical outpatient clinic with a lower @entity5 that had been gradually increasing in size. Clinical examination revealed a firm, irregularly surfaced, fixed, painless, @entity1 -head-sized @entity5 located in her lower abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen revealed a @entity5 at the lower abdomen which was 15   13   11 cm in diameter and encased the colorectum to the left back side. A barium enema and a colonoscopy showed direct invasion to the rectum. In 2001, the @entity5 had been excised along with a low anterior resection of the rectum because of direct invasion. The origin of this @entity5 was the mesorectum. The weight of the excised @entity5 was 1,500 g, including 800 ml of a brown fluid. A histopathological diagnosis revealed a common type of @entity1418 , in which mitotic figures are frequently seen. CONCLUSION: This @entity1 has survived without recurrence, for approximately 8 years since the completed @entity5 resection. It is important to obtain a complete resection during the @entity1418 treatment.

title: XXXX originating from the mesorectum: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor', 'polycystic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of a management algorithm that includes @entity551 ( @entity551 ) in @entity6 with limb-threatening @entity281 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity6 were treated with @entity551 between 2006 and 2008. After emergent abscess evacuation, early vascular intervention was performed if necessary. Debridement, with or without partial foot amputation, was followed by @entity551 . Wound progress was measured using a digital scanner. A limb was considered salvaged if complete healing was achieved without any or with minor amputation through or below the ankle. The mean followup after complete wound healing was 17 (range, 6 to 35) months. RESULTS: Thirty-two cases (71%) were infected with two or more organisms. Negative pressure wound therapy was applied for 26.2  14.3 days. The median time to achieve more than 75% wound area granulation was 23 (range, 4 to 55) days and 104 (range, 38 to 255) days to complete wound healing. Successful limb salvage was achieved in 44 cases (98%); 14 (31%) without any amputation and 30 (67%) with partial foot amputations. Total number of operations per limb was 2.4  1.3. One case of repeated @entity281 and @entity39 was managed with a transtibial amputation. There were no complications associated with @entity551 . CONCLUSION: This study provides the outcome of a management algorithm which includes @entity551 in salvaging severely infected @entity6 . With emergent evacuation of abscess, early vascular intervention and appropriate debridement, @entity551 can be a useful adjunct to the management of limb-threatening @entity6 .

title: Limb salvage in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['NPWT', 'negative pressure wound therapy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['septic diabetic feet', 'diabetic foot infections', 'diabetic feet']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of a newly designed computer-assisted treatment (C- @entity1129 ) program, My Sentence Builder, for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) was explored. This program was specifically designed with features to directly address expressive-grammar difficulties, thought to be associated with hypothesized @entity2414 (VWM). METHOD: Thirty-four preschoolers with deficits in expressive-grammar morphology participated. Using the randomization procedure of consecutive sampling, @entity1 were recruited. Twenty-two @entity1 were consecutively assigned to one of two treatment groups, C- @entity1129 or non C- @entity1129 (nC- @entity1129 ). The nC- @entity1129 utilized conventional language stimulation procedures containing features which have been traditionally used to address expressive-grammar deficits. A group of equivalent @entity1 awaiting treatment and chosen from the same sample of @entity1 as the treatment @entity1 served as a control group. Blind assessments of outcomes were completed pre-, post-, and 3-months post-treatment in a formal and informal context. RESULTS: C- @entity1129 and nC- @entity1129 @entity1 significantly outperformed controls pre-to-post to 3-months post-treatment in both assessment contexts. No significant differences in treatment gains were found between C- @entity1129 and nC- @entity1129 . CONCLUSION: Results suggested that treatments designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits were better than no treatment for preschool @entity10870 . Further, use of a C- @entity1129 program may be another feasible treatment method for this disorder population. LEARNING OUTCOMES: As a result of this activity, the reader will recognize that: (1) expressive-grammar treatment is better than no treatment for immediate and continued language growth, (2) use of a C- @entity1129 program containing specific features designed to directly address expressive-grammar deficits is another viable, but not necessarily a better treatment option for the remediation of expressive-grammar deficits in preschool @entity1 with @entity10870 , and (3) different outcome contexts yield distinct yet equally important findings about growth in @entity1 's expressive-grammar skills with treatment.

title: Exploring the outcomes of a novel computer-assisted treatment program targeting expressive-grammar deficits in preschoolers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in verbal working memory']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity10870 :: (OMIM:606712,Disease) :: ['SLI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) are at risk for exposure to and possible transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Maintenance of immunity is an essential prevention practice for @entity283 . We assessed the recent @entity683 , @entity1956 , and @entity116 vaccination coverage among @entity283 in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult restricted to survey respondents aged 18 to 64  years. Influenza, @entity1956 , and @entity116 vaccination coverage levels among @entity283 were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors independently associated with receipt of vaccination among @entity283 . RESULTS: Among @entity283 aged 18 to 64 years, 46.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.6%-53.8%) had received @entity683 vaccination for the 2006-2007 season, and 70.4% (95% CI: 63.9%-76.1%) received @entity116 vaccination in the past 10 years; 61.7% (95% CI: 52.5%-70.2%) had received 3 or more doses of @entity1956 vaccination among @entity283 aged 18 to 49 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with @entity683 vaccination coverage, higher education level was associated with @entity1956 vaccination coverage, and younger age was significantly associated with @entity116 vaccination among @entity283 . Among those @entity283 who did not receive @entity683 vaccination, the most common reason reported was respondent concerns about vaccine safety and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: By 2007, @entity683 and @entity1956 vaccination coverage among @entity283 remained well below the Healthy @entity1 2010 objectives. @entity116 vaccination level was 70%, and this study provided a baseline data for @entity116 vaccination among @entity283 . Innovative strategies are needed to further increase vaccination coverage among @entity283 .

title: Influenza, @entity1956 , and XXXX vaccination coverage among health care personnel in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Health care personnel', 'HCP']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity283 ( @entity283 ) are at risk for exposure to and possible transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Maintenance of immunity is an essential prevention practice for @entity283 . We assessed the recent @entity683 , @entity1956 , and @entity116 vaccination coverage among @entity283 in the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey-Adult restricted to survey respondents aged 18 to 64  years. Influenza, @entity1956 , and @entity116 vaccination coverage levels among @entity283 were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors independently associated with receipt of vaccination among @entity283 . RESULTS: Among @entity283 aged 18 to 64 years, 46.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.6%-53.8%) had received @entity683 vaccination for the 2006-2007 season, and 70.4% (95% CI: 63.9%-76.1%) received @entity116 vaccination in the past 10 years; 61.7% (95% CI: 52.5%-70.2%) had received 3 or more doses of @entity1956 vaccination among @entity283 aged 18 to 49 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being married was associated with @entity683 vaccination coverage, higher education level was associated with @entity1956 vaccination coverage, and younger age was significantly associated with @entity116 vaccination among @entity283 . Among those @entity283 who did not receive @entity683 vaccination, the most common reason reported was respondent concerns about vaccine safety and adverse effects. CONCLUSION: By 2007, @entity683 and @entity1956 vaccination coverage among @entity283 remained well below the Healthy @entity1 2010 objectives. @entity116 vaccination level was 70%, and this study provided a baseline data for @entity116 vaccination among @entity283 . Innovative strategies are needed to further increase vaccination coverage among @entity283 .

title: Influenza, XXXX , and @entity116 vaccination coverage among health care personnel in the United States.

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']