abstract: @entity1323 virus (AIV) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens because of its potential to cause severe disease outbreaks in avian and @entity1 hosts. Virus isolation in embryonated @entity1573 eggs (ECEs) remains a gold standard technique for AIV detection. However, some laboratories prefer molecular methods, such as real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), for initial sample screening because of their high throughput sample processing and rapid results. Samples found positive on real-time qRT-PCR are then inoculated in ECEs for virus isolation and characterization. This approach is based on the premise that real-time qRT-PCR will detect all AIV-positive samples. The current study aimed to determine if AIV can be isolated from cloacal samples of waterfowl that were initially found to be negative by real-time qRT-PCR screening. Quantitative RT-PCR-negative cloacal samples (1,369) were inoculated for virus isolation in commercial nonspecific pathogen-free ECEs. After 4 days of incubation, the allantoic fluids were harvested and inoculated in fresh ECEs for a second passage. Allantoic fluids from 147 samples were positive for hemagglutination with @entity1573 erythrocytes. Of the 147 hemagglutination-positive allantoic fluids, 82 were AIV positive when confirmed with real-time qRT-PCR. Ten isolates were subtyped as H7N2 (n = 7), H7N1, H1N2, and @entity33105 . In addition, N subtype could be determined for isolates from an additional 25 samples. These results highlight the fact that screening by real-time qRT-PCR may result in some false-negative cloacal samples for AIV.

title: Isolation of XXXX virus from polymerase chain reaction-negative cloacal samples of waterfowl.

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['Avian influenza']

answer: @entity1323 :: (MESH:D005585,Disease) :: ['Avian influenza']


abstract: PURPOSE: Perirectal spacing, whereby biomaterials are placed between the prostate and rectum, shows promise in reducing rectal dose during @entity263 radiation therapy. A prospective multicenter randomized controlled pivotal trial was performed to assess outcomes following absorbable spacer (SpaceOAR system) implantation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Overall, 222 @entity1 with clinical stage T1 or T2 @entity263 underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for treatment planning, followed with fiducial marker placement, and were randomized to receive spacer injection or no injection (control). @entity1 received postprocedure CT and MRI planning scans and underwent image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (79.2  Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions). Spacer safety and impact on rectal irradiation, @entity137 , and quality of life were assessed throughout 15  months. RESULTS: Spacer application was rated as "easy" or "very easy" 98.7% of the time, with a 99% hydrogel placement success rate. Perirectal spaces were 12.6      3.9  mm and 1.6      2.0  mm in the spacer and control groups, respectively. There were no device-related adverse events, rectal perforations, serious @entity548 , or infections within either group. Pre-to postspacer plans had a significant reduction in mean rectal V70 (12.4% to 3.3%, P<.0001). Overall acute rectal adverse event rates were similar between groups, with fewer spacer @entity1 experiencing @entity158 (P=.02). A significant reduction in late (3-15  months) @entity137 severity in the spacer group was observed (P=.04), with a 2.0% and 7.0% late @entity137 incidence in the spacer and control groups, respectively. There was no late @entity137 greater than grade 1 in the spacer group. At 15  months 11.6% and 21.4% of spacer and control @entity1 , respectively, experienced 10-point declines in bowel quality of life. MRI scans at 12  months verified spacer absorption. CONCLUSIONS: Spacer application was well tolerated. Increased perirectal space reduced rectal irradiation, reduced @entity137 severity, and decreased rates of @entity1 experiencing declines in bowel quality of life. The spacer appears to be an effective tool, potentially enabling advanced prostate RT protocols.

title: Hydrogel Spacer Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pivotal Trial: Dosimetric  and Clinical Effects of Perirectal Spacer Application in XXXX Undergoing Prostate  Image Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation  Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of age and/or comorbidities on management decisions in @entity2 @entity1 has been debated. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was developed to help predict mortality from chronic medical conditions. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether CCI is correlated with @entity2 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 617 @entity2 @entity1 diagnosed between 1994 and 2007 was conducted. CCI was calculated for each @entity1 with and without the inclusion of age. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CCI and survival while adjusting for other prognostic factors. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were excluded from the final analysis due to missing outcome or comorbidity data. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 16-89 y). Five hundred fourteen @entity1 (84%) had @entity1149 and 97 @entity1 (16%) had @entity151 . Using multivariate analysis, no correlation was found between CCI and risk of @entity204 whether or not age was included in the index score. CONCLUSIONS: CCI did not provide predictive @entity2 @entity1 . Development of accurate and predictive prognostic models to help estimate a @entity1 's prognosis is needed.

title: Predictive ability of Charlson comorbidity index on outcomes from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['validity for survival of lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'survival in lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 with @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) develop @entity5433 ; however, @entity551 is not always present. Failure of the vasoconstrictor response is thought to be responsible for @entity551 , but the degree of impairment of this response in @entity1 with @entity9576 is unclear. We assessed autonomic function in @entity1 with @entity9576 by evaluating the vasoconstrictive response during a head-up tilt test and determining its relationship to @entity551 . As an additional examination, the efficacy of @entity1063 in treating @entity551 was also assessed. METHODS: The study included 82 @entity1 with @entity9576 and 28 controls. Measures of total peripheral resistance were obtained during a head-up tilt test. @entity1063 was administered to the @entity1 lacking a vasoconstrictive response to evaluate its ability to treat @entity551 . RESULTS: At a 60   tilt, @entity551 occurred in 47.6% of the @entity1 and 0% of controls. Reduction in total peripheral resistance from baseline at a 60   tilt was observed in 69.5% of the @entity1 and 0% of controls. In @entity1 with @entity9576 , changes in systolic blood pressure from the baseline at a 60   tilt correlated positively with changes in the total peripheral resistance (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.0001). @entity1063 prevented the reduction of total peripheral resistance and development of @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: A large number of @entity1 with @entity9576 with and without @entity551 have an impaired peripheral vasoconstrictive response, suggesting a high frequency of @entity65 with an associated risk of developing @entity551 . A @entity1063 infusion was effective for treating @entity551 .

title: Impaired peripheral vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['MSA', 'multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysautonomia']

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['multiple system atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity1 with @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) develop @entity5433 ; however, @entity551 is not always present. Failure of the vasoconstrictor response is thought to be responsible for @entity551 , but the degree of impairment of this response in @entity1 with @entity9576 is unclear. We assessed autonomic function in @entity1 with @entity9576 by evaluating the vasoconstrictive response during a head-up tilt test and determining its relationship to @entity551 . As an additional examination, the efficacy of @entity1063 in treating @entity551 was also assessed. METHODS: The study included 82 @entity1 with @entity9576 and 28 controls. Measures of total peripheral resistance were obtained during a head-up tilt test. @entity1063 was administered to the @entity1 lacking a vasoconstrictive response to evaluate its ability to treat @entity551 . RESULTS: At a 60   tilt, @entity551 occurred in 47.6% of the @entity1 and 0% of controls. Reduction in total peripheral resistance from baseline at a 60   tilt was observed in 69.5% of the @entity1 and 0% of controls. In @entity1 with @entity9576 , changes in systolic blood pressure from the baseline at a 60   tilt correlated positively with changes in the total peripheral resistance (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.0001). @entity1063 prevented the reduction of total peripheral resistance and development of @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: A large number of @entity1 with @entity9576 with and without @entity551 have an impaired peripheral vasoconstrictive response, suggesting a high frequency of @entity65 with an associated risk of developing @entity551 . A @entity1063 infusion was effective for treating @entity551 .

title: Impaired peripheral vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in XXXX with @entity9576 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Ventilatory effects of @entity1875 , used as a sole agent for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia, were studied in 14 healthy unpremedicated @entity1 . Subarachnoid anaesthesia was established before induction of general anaesthesia. Induction was with @entity1875 2.5 mg kg-1 given while the @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 . We intended to start an infusion of @entity1875 100 micrograms kg-1 @entity1009 ; maintain it for at least 25 min; make a first set of quasi-steady-state observations; double the infusion; and repeat observations after 25 min. The single induction bolus plus single rate infusion was not totally satisfactory: further boluses were usually needed. At induction there was apnoea in all but three @entity1 , sometimes lasting more than 3 min; hyperventilation before induction, combined with @entity871 , probably exaggerated this. Established ventilatory rates were generally 30% higher than awake. One @entity1 became bradypnoeic. Tidal volume and minute ventilation, and the Tl:Ttot ratio, were reduced. Doubling the infusion rate had no clear effect on frequency or tidal volume, but it further reduced the Tl:Ttot ratio and caused an increase in PE'CO2 of 1 kPa. The ventilatory response to @entity544 was 58% of baseline awake control (95% confidence limits +/- 26%) at the lower infusion rate, with further slight @entity308 when the infusion rate was doubled. Doubling the rate of infusion of @entity1875 did not give twice the effect on ventilation, and probably is not giving twice the "depth" of anaesthesia. We cannot say if this is for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic reasons.

title: Some ventilatory effects of XXXX as sole anaesthetic agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: For a long time, @entity28 has been known as a risk factor for @entity65 , which is one of the main causes of @entity204 in developed countries. This risk is due to the coexistence of other factors associated with @entity28 , such as @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity1561 , and @entity209 . @entity28 is also a major risk factor for @entity164 2 @entity6 , and it is not surprising that the global prevalence of this disease continues to increase. Surgical intervention is now the most effective modality to treat severe @entity28 and its comorbidities. However, endoluminal interventions performed entirely through the gastrointestinal tract by using endoscopic devices offer the potential for an outpatient @entity353 procedure that may be safer, less invasive, and more cost-effective, compared with current surgical approaches. Given the emerging role of endoscopic procedures in the treatment of @entity28 and rapid changes in endoscopic technologies and techniques, this review considers the current state of endoscopic management of @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . Endoscopic techniques attempt to mimic some of the anatomic features of bariatric surgery and rely on gastric restriction and duodenal exclusion. The endoscopic placement of the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 induces significant @entity353 . Additionally, early studies reported significant improvements in several parameters of @entity413 homeostasis in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . In this article we will review the available results obtained with the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner.

title: Endoscopic Therapeutic Option for Weight Loss and Control of Type 2 XXXX : the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in glycemic metabolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cancerogenic effects of @entity5500 ( @entity6559 ) the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) recommends not to exceed a daily PA intake of 0.007    g/kg body weight (0.42    g/60  kg adult). In a recent study conducted by the BfR, up to 5647    g PA/kg dried herbal material were detected in tea products marketed as food. PURPOSE: The present study aimed at elucidating whether medicinal teas licensed or registered as medicinal products contain @entity6559 as well. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sixty-nine different commercially available medicinal teas, i.e. 19 nettle (Urtica dioica L.), 12 fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), 14 chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), 11 melissa (Melissa officinalis L.) and 4 peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) teas as well as 109 tea mixtures were analyzed for the presence of 23 commercially available @entity6559 . METHOD: LC/ @entity15 was used for the determination of the @entity6559 RESULTS: In general, the total PA contents ranging 0-5668    g/kg. Thirty percent of the tested single-ingredient tea products and 56.9% of the tested medicinal tea mixtures were found to contain PA concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10    g/kg. In 11 medicinal teas PA contents >300    g/kg dry herb were determined thus exceeding the recommended limit for PA intake by BfR. In addition three products of the investigated tea mixtures revealed extremely high PA contents of 4227, 5137, and 5668    g/kg. Generally, single-ingredient tea products contained much less or even no detectable amounts of @entity6559 when compared to the tea mixtures. @entity6559 in the range between 13 and 1080    g/kg were also detected in five analyzed aqueous herbal infusions of the medicinal tea mixture products with the highest PA content. Two out of the five investigated herbal infusions exceeded the recommended BfR limit for PA intake. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates clearly that also medicinal teas licensed as medicinal products may partly contain high amounts of @entity6559 exceeding current recommendations. For that reason manufacturers are advised to carry out more rigorous quality control tests devoted to the detection of @entity6559 . This is very important to minimize @entity6559 in medicinal teas accounting for possible additional exposure of the consumer to @entity6559 from other food sources (e.g. honey).

title: Detection of XXXX in German licensed herbal medicinal teas.

entities_list: @entity5500 :: ('MESH:D011763', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloids']

answer: @entity5500 :: (MESH:D011763,Chemical) :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloids']


abstract: @entity11508 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity5 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity11508 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity11508 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity66 , decrease the incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity1778 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity1 with @entity3052 / @entity2590 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity11508 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity11508 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity1 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity1 experience dose-limiting @entity137 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity1 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity11508 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity137 were experienced by 75% of @entity1 , including all @entity1 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity1 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity1 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity2132 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity2132 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity1 died of acute gut @entity2132 . @entity11508 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity2132 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity403 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity11508 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity137 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity137 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with @entity11508 after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for @entity3052 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ['Decitabine', 'decitabine']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndrome']


abstract: @entity11508 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity5 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity11508 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity11508 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity66 , decrease the incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity1778 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity1 with @entity3052 / @entity2590 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity11508 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity11508 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity1 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity1 experience dose-limiting @entity137 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity1 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity11508 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity137 were experienced by 75% of @entity1 , including all @entity1 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity1 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity1 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity2132 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity2132 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity1 died of acute gut @entity2132 . @entity11508 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity2132 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity403 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity11508 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity137 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity137 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with XXXX after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for @entity3052 and @entity2590 .

answer: @entity11508 :: (MESH:C014347,Chemical) :: ['Decitabine']


abstract: @entity11508 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity5 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity11508 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity11508 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity66 , decrease the incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity1778 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity1 with @entity3052 / @entity2590 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity11508 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity11508 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity1 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity1 experience dose-limiting @entity137 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity1 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity11508 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity137 were experienced by 75% of @entity1 , including all @entity1 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity1 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity1 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity2132 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity2132 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity1 died of acute gut @entity2132 . @entity11508 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity2132 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity403 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity11508 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity137 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity137 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with @entity11508 after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for XXXX and @entity2590 .

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Acute Myelogenous Leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Measuring and mitigating @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emissions from livestock is of increasing importance for the environment and for policy making. Potentially, the most sustainable way of reducing enteric @entity578 emission from ruminants is through the estimation of genomic breeding values to facilitate genetic selection. There is potential for adopting genetic selection and in the future genomic selection, for reduced @entity578 emissions from ruminants. From this review it has been observed that both @entity578 emissions and production (g/day) are a heritable and repeatable trait. @entity578 emissions are strongly related to feed intake both in the short term (minutes to several hours) and over the medium term (days). When measured over the medium term, @entity578 yield (MY, g @entity578 /kg dry matter intake) is a heritable and repeatable trait albeit with less genetic variation than for @entity578 emissions. @entity578 emissions of individual animals are moderately repeatable across diets, and across feeding levels, when measured in respiration chambers. Repeatability is lower when short term measurements are used, possibly due to variation in time and amount of feed ingested prior to the measurement. However, while repeated measurements add value; it is preferable the measures be separated by at least 3 to 14 days. This temporal separation of measurements needs to be investigated further. Given the above issue can be resolved, short term (over minutes to hours) measurements of @entity578 emissions show promise, especially on systems where animals are fed ad libitum and frequency of meals is high. However, we believe that for short-term measurements to be useful for genetic evaluation, a number (between 3 and 20) of measurements will be required over an extended period of time (weeks to months). There are opportunities for using short-term measurements in standardised feeding situations such as breath 'sniffers' attached to milking parlours or total mixed ration feeding bins, to measure @entity578 . Genomic selection has the potential to reduce both @entity578 emissions and MY, but measurements on thousands of individuals will be required. This includes the need for combined resources across countries in an international effort, emphasising the need to acknowledge the impact of animal and production systems on measurement of the @entity578 trait during design of experiments.

title: Animal board invited review: genetic possibilities to reduce enteric XXXX emissions from ruminants.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: AIMS: Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of @entity703 biopsy. METHODS: We sought to evaluate morphological diagnostic accuracy--such as histotype, Fuhrman grading, and @entity39 --on a series of renal biopsies and matched whole @entity5 . RESULTS: Among 56 @entity703 , the benign instances consisted of six @entity1637 (10.7%), one @entity359 ( @entity359 ; 1.8%), and one @entity652 (1.8%). @entity5 consisted of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in 37 cases (66.1%), papillary @entity1358 in six cases (10.7%), chromophobe @entity1358 in three cases (5.4%), and unclassified @entity1358 in one case (1.8%). Core biopsies were conclusive in 53 cases (94.6%), identifying six (10.7%) benign and 47 (83.9%) RCCs. The accuracy in identifying histological subtype was 92%, and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was nearly perfect (k = 0.858; p < 0.001). With regard to nuclear grade, the concordance index was only moderate (k = 0.253) and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was fair (k = 0.20; p = 0.11), such as for @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the accuracy in identifying histological subtype is high. @entity5 with oncocytic features are the most problematic for diagnosis. Results for nuclear grades and coagulative @entity5 @entity39 are less convincing.

title: Accuracy of on-bench biopsies in the evaluation of the histological subtype, grade, and @entity39 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'Malignant tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['metanephric adenoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours', 'kidney tumour']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumours']


abstract: AIMS: Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of @entity703 biopsy. METHODS: We sought to evaluate morphological diagnostic accuracy--such as histotype, Fuhrman grading, and @entity39 --on a series of renal biopsies and matched whole @entity5 . RESULTS: Among 56 @entity703 , the benign instances consisted of six @entity1637 (10.7%), one @entity359 ( @entity359 ; 1.8%), and one @entity652 (1.8%). @entity5 consisted of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in 37 cases (66.1%), papillary @entity1358 in six cases (10.7%), chromophobe @entity1358 in three cases (5.4%), and unclassified @entity1358 in one case (1.8%). Core biopsies were conclusive in 53 cases (94.6%), identifying six (10.7%) benign and 47 (83.9%) RCCs. The accuracy in identifying histological subtype was 92%, and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was nearly perfect (k = 0.858; p < 0.001). With regard to nuclear grade, the concordance index was only moderate (k = 0.253) and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was fair (k = 0.20; p = 0.11), such as for @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the accuracy in identifying histological subtype is high. @entity5 with oncocytic features are the most problematic for diagnosis. Results for nuclear grades and coagulative @entity5 @entity39 are less convincing.

title: Accuracy of on-bench biopsies in the evaluation of the histological subtype, grade, and XXXX of @entity703 .

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Our unit policy in @entity2694 ( @entity2694 ) and remodeling has been initial overcorrection to improve the ultimate aesthetic outcome of surgery. To assess relapse of anteroposterior (AP) correction in @entity1 with @entity129 undergoing @entity2694 and remodeling, a retrospective pilot study identified @entity1 from the unit database. Serial AP calvarial measurements were used to record surgical and postsurgical changes. @entity1 showing a change in measurements toward preoperative values were considered to have relapsed. Associated factors were recorded, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS.Thirty-one @entity1 (female n = 10, male n = 21) with a median age at surgery of 17 months and a mean weight of 11 kg were included in the study. The mean hospital stay was 7 days. The mean advancement was 13 (SD, 4) mm, and relapse occurred in 65% (20/31). Mean AP relapse at 5 months was 6.2 mm. No @entity1 required subsequent @entity2694 . No significant correlation was found between relapse and age, weight, hospital stay, and syndromic status. Anteroposterior relapse of the fronto-orbital segment occurred in two thirds (65%) of our cohort at 5 months. A prospective study is now under way to analyze this further. The results of this pilot study suggest that strategies to minimize or to compensate for relapse may enhance the ultimate surgical result.

title: XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['FOA', 'fronto-orbital advancement']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial synostosis']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Relapse in fronto-orbital advancement']


abstract: A young @entity1 with primary @entity299 presented clinically as a case of 'restrictive' @entity296 with an initial diagnosis of @entity3822 , probably of tuberculous origin. Cardiac catheterization showed features compatible with @entity296 or @entity3822 but pericardial biopsy was negative. Percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies established amyloid infiltration of the myocardium, but rectal, tongue and liver biopsies were all negative for @entity2783 . Bence-Jones protein was absent from the urine. Serum electrophoresis, immunophoresis, and bone marrow examination all failed to detect possible multiple @entity1582 as a cause of secondary @entity2783 . Respiratory function tests showed a restrictive picture, probably secondary to chronic @entity712 . Thus, this case is the second example of primary @entity299 in the world literature which has been dianosed by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Phonocardiographic features of early aortic valve closure are reported for the first time in @entity296 . Since tuberculous @entity3822 is an important cause of @entity299 in this country, with effective therapy, the authors stress more frequent use of endomyocardial biopsy as a safe diagnostic tool to exclude other similar disease states. The @entity1 was offered the possibility of a cardiac transplantation in view of the localized nature of his disease, but refused. He now continues to respond unsatisfactorily to antifailure therapy with, presumably, a poor prognosis.

title: Primary XXXX : A case presentation.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy', 'amyloid restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myelomatosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac amyloidosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity74 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity1 with essential @entity400 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity16 ( @entity191 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity1 (126 ET, 77 @entity191 , 46 @entity3519 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity191 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity3519 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity191 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity9663 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity717 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity191 @entity1 , these issues affected ET @entity1 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity1 with @entity3519 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential XXXX : A Comparison with Age-Matched @entity191 Cases, @entity3519 Cases, and Controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease [PD] and dystonia", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorders']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['Tremor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity74 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity1 with essential @entity400 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity16 ( @entity191 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity1 (126 ET, 77 @entity191 , 46 @entity3519 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity191 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity3519 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity191 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity9663 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity717 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity191 @entity1 , these issues affected ET @entity1 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity1 with @entity3519 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential @entity400 : A Comparison with Age-Matched XXXX Cases, @entity3519 Cases, and Controls.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity74 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity1 with essential @entity400 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity16 ( @entity191 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity1 (126 ET, 77 @entity191 , 46 @entity3519 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity191 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity3519 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity191 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity9663 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity717 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity191 @entity1 , these issues affected ET @entity1 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity1 with @entity3519 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential @entity400 : A Comparison with Age-Matched @entity191 Cases, XXXX Cases, and Controls.

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['Dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to identify the determinants of protective behavior in relation to @entity645 transmission. Since the risk of transmission is higher among those who have extramarital intercourse, the study sample constituted of such @entity1 . METHODS: We started this study in 2010 and finished it in 2011. @entity1 were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. High-risk @entity1 included sex workers and those who presented at drop-in centers. Interviewees were 18 @entity1 and @entity1 in the low-risk group and 12 @entity1 and @entity1 in the high-risk group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using the thematic framework method. RESULTS: In both groups, protective behavior was influenced by willingness to protect, intention or decision to protect, and personal, social, and environmental barriers and facilitators. In terms of willingness, behavior was influenced to preserve sexual pleasure by avoiding condoms. In terms of barriers and facilitators, trust in partner, misperceptions, condom inaccessibility, unplanned sex, fear of contracting the disease, partner's wish, ethical commitments were mentioned by both groups, stigma of condom possession by the low-risk group, and partner's force was mentioned by the high-risk group. CONCLUSION: Educational programs need to focus on changing the concept that "condoms reduce sexual pleasure". In addition, interventional programs to strengthen factors such as self-efficacy, ethical commitments, faithfulness, and correct beliefs such as undue trust in partner, misconception of being safe, unplanned sex, and the stigma of possessing condoms can be very effective in changing high-risk sexual behavior.

title: Barrier and Facilitators of XXXX Related Risky Sexual Behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity18878 were examined in SENCAR @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity19 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity18878 . The @entity1185 response in @entity19 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity864 ( @entity865 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity865 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity18878 (4-5 @entity1185 per @entity19 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity18878 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity1185 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). The @entity1185 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity3365 (80 micrograms/ @entity19 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity3365 (160 micrograms/ @entity19 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity1185 response with @entity865 and @entity3365 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity1185 per @entity19 and with @entity18878 pretreatment to below three @entity1185 per @entity19 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity19 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity5 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity865 and @entity18878 resulted in an @entity1373 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity1373 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity3365 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity18575 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity18878 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity18878 -promoted @entity1185 formation by treatment with XXXX or @entity18878 prior to initiation.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity18878 were examined in SENCAR @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity19 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity18878 . The @entity1185 response in @entity19 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity864 ( @entity865 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity865 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity18878 (4-5 @entity1185 per @entity19 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity18878 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity1185 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). The @entity1185 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity3365 (80 micrograms/ @entity19 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity3365 (160 micrograms/ @entity19 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity1185 response with @entity865 and @entity3365 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity1185 per @entity19 and with @entity18878 pretreatment to below three @entity1185 per @entity19 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity19 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity5 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity865 and @entity18878 resulted in an @entity1373 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity1373 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity3365 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity18575 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity18878 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of XXXX -promoted @entity1185 formation by treatment with @entity864 or @entity18878 prior to initiation.

answer: @entity18878 :: (MESH:C011309,Chemical) :: ['mezerein']


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity18878 were examined in SENCAR @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity19 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity18878 . The @entity1185 response in @entity19 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity864 ( @entity865 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity865 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity18878 (4-5 @entity1185 per @entity19 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity18878 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity1185 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). The @entity1185 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity3365 (80 micrograms/ @entity19 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity3365 (160 micrograms/ @entity19 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity1185 response with @entity865 and @entity3365 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity1185 per @entity19 and with @entity18878 pretreatment to below three @entity1185 per @entity19 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity19 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity5 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity865 and @entity18878 resulted in an @entity1373 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity1373 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity3365 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity18575 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity18878 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity18878 -promoted @entity1185 formation by treatment with @entity864 or XXXX prior to initiation.

answer: @entity18878 :: (MESH:C011309,Chemical) :: ['mezerein']


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity18878 were examined in SENCAR @entity19 . Groups of @entity19 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity19 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity18878 . The @entity1185 response in @entity19 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity864 ( @entity865 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity865 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity18878 (4-5 @entity1185 per @entity19 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity18878 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity1185 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). The @entity1185 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity3365 (80 micrograms/ @entity19 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity1185 per @entity19 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity3365 (160 micrograms/ @entity19 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity1185 response with @entity865 and @entity3365 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity1185 per @entity19 and with @entity18878 pretreatment to below three @entity1185 per @entity19 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity19 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity5 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity865 and @entity18878 resulted in an @entity1373 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity1373 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity3365 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity18575 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity18878 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity18878 -promoted XXXX formation by treatment with @entity864 or @entity18878 prior to initiation.

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['papilloma']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ) were classified according to clinical and genetic criteria and were examined by electron microscopy: two cases in Type I and one case each in Types II, III, and V were found. In all cases distinct ultrastructural changes were seen in the fibroblasts and the collagen fibrils whereas the elastic fibers were normal, as shown with special staining techniques. a) The fibroblasts were smaller, their cytoplasmic processes reduced in number and size, the endoplasmic reticulum was underdeveloped and their ribosome content was diminished. Also, cellular degeneration up to @entity39 was found. In three cases intercellular substances were seen, possibly indicating a prefibrillar secretion product of the fibroblasts. b) The collagen fibrils revealed a defective @entity1423 with disturbances of their thickness growth. Characteristic are abnormal fibrils with star-shaped cross profiles and marginal serrations in longitudinal sections. Their periodicity, however, remained normal. In three cases (Types I, I, and V) scattered giant fibrils were also present. Generally, the bundling of collagen fibrils into fibers seemed to be loosened. These findings were common to all various types of @entity4243 . Therefore, a classification was not possible according to criteria of electron microscopy. @entity4243 is a disease of fibroblasts leading to changes of dermal collagen.

title: [Ehlers-Danolos syndrome: a disease of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils. Classification and electron-microscopic findings in five XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['lateral aggregation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'EDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Lymphocyte-specific protein @entity669 kinase ( @entity2952 ) plays a key role in T cell signal transduction and is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. @entity2952 can function as an oncoprotein when overexpressed or constantly activated by mutations. Our previous studies showed that @entity2952 -induced cellular transformation could be suppressed by enforced expression of @entity4635 ( @entity4635 ), a @entity19933 family member involved in the negative feedback control of cytokine signaling. We observed attenuated @entity2952 kinase activity in @entity4635 -expressing cells, suggesting an important role of @entity19933 in regulating @entity2952 functions. It remains largely unknown whether and how @entity19933 proteins interact with the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase. Here, we report that among four @entity19933 family proteins, @entity4635 , @entity20139 , @entity5740 and CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein), @entity4635 has the highest affinity in binding to the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase. We identified the positive regulatory @entity10393 394 residue in the kinase domain as the key interacting determinant in @entity2952 . Additionally, the @entity2952 kinase domain alone is sufficient to bind @entity4635 . While the SH2 domain in @entity4635 is important in its association with the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase, other functional domains may also contribute to overall binding affinity. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into the role of @entity19933 proteins as @entity5 suppressors in cells transformed by oncogenic protein @entity669 kinases.

title: @entity4635 interacts with oncogenic lymphocyte-specific protein XXXX kinase.

entities_list: @entity4635 :: ('8651', 'Gene') :: ['suppressor of cytokine signaling 1', 'SOCS1']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Lymphocyte-specific protein @entity669 kinase ( @entity2952 ) plays a key role in T cell signal transduction and is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. @entity2952 can function as an oncoprotein when overexpressed or constantly activated by mutations. Our previous studies showed that @entity2952 -induced cellular transformation could be suppressed by enforced expression of @entity4635 ( @entity4635 ), a @entity19933 family member involved in the negative feedback control of cytokine signaling. We observed attenuated @entity2952 kinase activity in @entity4635 -expressing cells, suggesting an important role of @entity19933 in regulating @entity2952 functions. It remains largely unknown whether and how @entity19933 proteins interact with the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase. Here, we report that among four @entity19933 family proteins, @entity4635 , @entity20139 , @entity5740 and CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein), @entity4635 has the highest affinity in binding to the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase. We identified the positive regulatory @entity10393 394 residue in the kinase domain as the key interacting determinant in @entity2952 . Additionally, the @entity2952 kinase domain alone is sufficient to bind @entity4635 . While the SH2 domain in @entity4635 is important in its association with the oncogenic @entity2952 kinase, other functional domains may also contribute to overall binding affinity. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into the role of @entity19933 proteins as @entity5 suppressors in cells transformed by oncogenic protein @entity669 kinases.

title: XXXX interacts with oncogenic lymphocyte-specific protein @entity669 kinase.

answer: @entity4635 :: (8651,Gene) :: ['Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this retrospective investigation, the outcome and @entity137 after reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy of recurrent @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in @entity1 who had contraindications to @entity902 -based chemotherapy were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with locally advanced recurrent @entity135 were retrospectively evaluated. In 9 cases, histology was @entity957 , in one case @entity2347 . External beam radiotherapy was part of the initial treatment in all cases. Reirradiation was carried out using step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with a median dose of 50.4 Gy. Cetuximab was applied as loading dose (400 mg/m(2)) 1 week prior to reirradiation and then weekly concurrently with radiotherapy (250 mg/m(2)). RESULTS: The median overall survival time after initiation of reirradiation was 7 months; the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 40%. Local failure was found in 3 @entity1 , resulting in a 1-year local control (LC) rate of 61%. The 1-year locoregional control (LRC) rate was 44%, while the 1-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 75%. Acute @entity1503 was not observed in the group. Severe acute @entity137 included one fatal infield @entity548 and one flap @entity39 . Severe late @entity137 were noted in 2 @entity1 : @entity82 of the temporomandibular joint in 1 @entity1 and @entity850 of the cervical esophagus in another. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy in recurrent @entity135 is feasible with acceptable acute @entity137 . Further investigations are necessary to determine the clinical role of this therapy concept.

title: IMRT reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['arterial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity3604 in Southern Chinese @entity1 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity174 risk. Prospective data on @entity174 incidence in Asian @entity1 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity174 risk in Southern Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity170 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity1 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity79 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity3604 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity174 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity3604 and @entity173 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity3604 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity79 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity174 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity79 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity174 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity79 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity3604 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity79 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 : the Hong Kong XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity3604 in Southern Chinese @entity1 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity174 risk. Prospective data on @entity174 incidence in Asian @entity1 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity174 risk in Southern Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity170 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity1 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity79 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity3604 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity174 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity3604 and @entity173 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity3604 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity79 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity174 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity79 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity174 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity79 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity3604 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity79 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of XXXX in Chinese @entity1 : the Hong Kong @entity170 Study.

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fractures']


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity3604 in Southern Chinese @entity1 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity174 risk. Prospective data on @entity174 incidence in Asian @entity1 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity174 risk in Southern Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity170 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity1 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity79 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity3604 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity174 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity3604 and @entity173 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity3604 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity79 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity174 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity79 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity174 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity79 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity3604 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity79 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity174 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity79 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity174 risk prediction in Chinese @entity1 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of @entity3604 in Chinese XXXX : the Hong Kong @entity170 Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Under the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the pathological diagnosis of oral @entity75 , @entity1141 , which is graded as mild, moderate or severe, and @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ), which is a @entity189 , are classified as precursor lesions of @entity957 . Since the first edition (Wahi et al. International histological classification of @entity5 no. 4, WHO, Geneva, 1971), the criterion for @entity2735 --that all epithelial layers are replaced by atypical cells--has remained unchanged. However, this @entity189 sequence theory was introduced from the viewpoint of pathological changes in the uterine cervix: in contrast, almost all @entity75 and @entity2735 of the oral mucosa show superficial maturation and differentiation. Based on this recognition, the @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) classification and Ljubljana classification were included in WHO's latest edition published in 2005. Although the WHO classification is commonly used in Japan, recent developments in oral oncology have promoted modifications of the classification used in this country. In 2005, the Working Group of the Japan Society for @entity5 advocated @entity1496 staining and proposed a modified @entity2784 system, and in 2007, the Working Committee of the Japanese Society for Oral Pathology (JSOP) reported a new @entity2735 (JSOP) definition that included differentiated-type @entity2735 . In 2010, based on these studies, a new entity--oral @entity5436 (OIN)--was included in the first edition of General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on @entity5 . In this review, we focus on the OIN/ @entity2735 (JSOP) new classification of @entity75 in oral mucosa, which further advances the concept of @entity2784 .

title: Oral XXXX : from the pathological viewpoint.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oral Cancer', 'tumours', 'Oral Tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia-carcinoma', 'non-invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial neoplasia', 'SIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity356 is more and more becoming an individualized decision. The choice of the optimal approach is based on prognostic factors, on the anatomic site of the @entity5 , and on expectations about the response to neoadjuvant treatment. @entity356 that is limited to the mucosal layer is the domain of endoscopic resections. As soon as the submucosal layer is invaded, surgical strategies with adequate lymphadenectomy become necessary. DISCUSSION: In many East Asian Centers and some other centers in the world, these @entity5 are resected by a laparoscopic approach. With a high experience, this can be done with excellent quality and outcome. In locally advanced @entity356 , multimodal treatment can improve survival in comparison to surgery alone. However, the strategies differ significantly around the world. While adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is standard in the USA, in Europe, perioperative chemotherapy is the first choice, and in Japan, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended. In Europe, three randomized phase III studies on the value of preoperative chemotherapy have been performed. Two of them have shown that perioperative chemotherapy does significantly improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity420 and of the esophagogastric junction. The one including only preoperative chemotherapy failed to show a survival benefit for the combined treatment arm but showed excellent outcomes in both the surgery alone and the preoperative chemotherapy arms. Based on these studies, @entity1 with @entity5 are now treated with perioperative chemotherapy. Additionally, it is generally accepted for more than 10 years now that responding @entity1 have a significantly improved prognosis compared to nonresponding @entity1 . The percentage of responding @entity1 varies depending on the applied regimen between 20% and 45%. Therefore, early response evaluation or response prediction is an utmost important field of research. Proximal @entity5 are treated with a transhiatal extended gastrectomy, @entity5 in the middle third with a total gastrectomy, and @entity5 with a subtotal gastrectomy, if possible. Modified D2 lymphadenectomy avoiding splenectomy is now accepted as the standard procedure, providing improved prognosis for certain subgroups of @entity1 . Individualized resection and lymphadenectomy techniques for early @entity5 stages and response-based neoadjuvant concepts for locally advanced @entity5 are the challenge for the future.

title: XXXX : surgery in 2011.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'distal tumors', 'stage II or stage III disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the stomach']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Early gastric cancer', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: The polar lipid composition in membranes of @entity39045 is extensively regulated as a response to environmental changes. In particular, the ratio between the dominating lipids @entity43897 and @entity43898 is altered depending on temperature, configuration of incorporated @entity1718 , and membrane @entity165 content. Synthesis of @entity43897 is stimulated by low temperature and @entity1718 but diminished by the presence of @entity165 . These factors are likely to affect the molecular geometry of the membrane lipids. @entity43897 and @entity43898 have wedge- and rodlike molecular shapes, respectively, that are modifiable to a certain extent. The packing constraints of lipids in amphilphilic aggregates, i.e., @entity7294 -water interfacial area, @entity7294 chain volume, and @entity7294 chain length, are very important in determining the aggregate structure [Israelachvili, J. N. Mitchell, D. J., _ Ninham, B. W. (1976) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 272, 1525]. Pure @entity43897 forms a reversed hexagonal (HII) phase structure with different @entity844 contents, while @entity43898 forms a lamellar phase. However, the only lipid structure compatible with a functional biological membrane is the lamellar phase. Consequently, the balance between lipids forming lamellar and other mesophase structures must keep within certain limits. Here we show that the response in A. liaidlawii lipid metabolism following external and internal stimuli can be predicted on the basis of molecular shapes and is necessary for the cell in order to maintain optimal membrane stability. Furthermore, the reduced capacity of @entity39045 membranes to incorporate @entity165 is another consequence of this regulation, aiming at preservation of bilayer stability.

title: Lipid bilayer stability in membranes. Regulation of lipid composition in XXXX as governed by molecular shape.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity43897 :: ('MESH:C014571', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglucosyldiglyceride', 'Monoglucosyldiglyceride']

entities_list: @entity39045 :: ('2148', 'Species') :: ['Acholeplasma', 'Acholeplasma laidlawii']

entities_list: @entity43898 :: ('MESH:C025142', 'Chemical') :: ['diglucosyldiglyceride']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity39045 :: (2148,Species) :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']


abstract: 1. The 31P-NMR characteristics of intact @entity35 liver mitochondria, mitoplasts and isolated inner mitochondrial membranes, as well as mitochondrial @entity3633 and @entity2434 , have been examined. 2. @entity35 liver mitochondrial @entity3633 hydrated in excess aqueous buffer undergoes a bilayer-to-hyexagonal (HII) polymorphic phase transition as the temperature is increased through 10 degrees C, and thus prefers the HII arrangement at 37 degrees C. @entity35 liver mitochondiral @entity2434 , on the other hand, adopts the bilayer phase at 37 degrees C. 3. Total inner mitochondrial membrane lipids. dispersed in an excess of aqueous buffer, exhibit 31P-NMR spectra consistent with a bilayer arrangment for the majority of the endogeneous phospholipids; the remainer exhibit spectra consistent with structure allowing isotropic motional averaging. Addition of @entity141 results in hexagonal (HII) phase formation for a portion of the phospholipids, as well as formation of 'lipidic particles' as detected by freeze-fracture techniques. 4. Preparations of inner mitochondrial membrane at 4 and 37 degrees C exhibit 31P-NMR spectra consistent with a bilayer arrangement of the large majority of the endogenous phospholipids which are detected. Approx. 10% of the signal intensity has characteristics indicating isotropic motional averaging processes. Addition of @entity141 results in an increase in the size of this component, which can become the domiant spectral feature. 5. Intact mitochondria, at 4 degrees C, exhibit 31P-NMR spectra arising from both phospholid and small water-soluble molecules ( @entity857 , Pi, etc.). The phospholipid spectrum is characteristic of a bilayer arrangement. At 37 degrees C the phospholipids again give spectra consistent with a bilayer; however, the labile nature of these systems is reflected by increased isotropic motion at longer (at least 30 min) incubation times. 6. It is suggested that the uncoupling action of high @entity141 concentrations on intact mitochondria may be related to a @entity141 -induced disruption of the integrity of the inner mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer. Further, the possibility that non-bilayer lipid structures such as inverted micelles occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane cannot be excluded.

title: Structural properties of phospholipids in the XXXX liver inner mitochondrial membrane.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: After @entity35 liver 60-S ribosomal subunits were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 254 nm, they were treated with @entity1098 and then subjected to @entity969 density-gradient centrifugation to isolate 5 S RNA-protein complex. When 5 S RNA-protein was analyzed by @entity214 - @entity3323 gel electrophoresis which dissociated noncovalent 5 S RNA-protein, two protein bands were observed. The one showed a slower mobility than the protein band (L5) of 5 S RNA-protein from non-irradiated 60 S subunit and the other showed the same mobility as L5 protein. Since the former band was shown to be specific to ultraviolet-irradiation, it was considered as cross-linked 5 S RNA-protein. After the two protein bands were iodinated with 125 I, labeled protein was extracted and treated with RNAase. Thereafter, it was analyzed by two-dimensional @entity3323 gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. The results indicate that the protein component of cross-linked 5 S RNA-protein is L5 protein (ribosomal protein; these proteins are designated according to the proposed uniform nomenclature. The correlation between that and our nomenclature was reported by McConkey et al. (1979) Mol. Gen. Genet. 169, 1-6. They also confirm the results previously reported (Terao, K., Takahashi, Y. and O(gata, K. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 402, 230-237).

title: Cross-linking of L5 protein to 5 S RNA in XXXX liver 60-S subunits by ultraviolet irradiation.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity535 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity6007 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity4585 ( @entity4585 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity535 composition of EM and @entity4585 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity535 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity1522 in @entity4585 compared to EM. However, some @entity1522 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity3793 ) or lower (e.g. @entity1521 , @entity368 , @entity369 , @entity367 and @entity1889 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity535 in either @entity4585 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity2228 and @entity563 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity2228 or @entity563 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity4585 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity563 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity2228 , and because the latter with @entity4588 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity2228 - @entity563 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity1446 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial @entity535 pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to XXXX : role of @entity2228 and @entity563 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity6007 :: ('MESH:D004915', 'Disease') :: ['erythroleukemia']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity4585 :: ('MESH:D023981', 'Disease') :: ['chloroma mitochondria', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2755 :: (MESH:D002701,Chemical) :: ['chloramphenicol']


abstract: The @entity535 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity6007 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity4585 ( @entity4585 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity535 composition of EM and @entity4585 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity535 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity1522 in @entity4585 compared to EM. However, some @entity1522 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity3793 ) or lower (e.g. @entity1521 , @entity368 , @entity369 , @entity367 and @entity1889 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity535 in either @entity4585 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity2228 and @entity563 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity2228 or @entity563 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity4585 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity563 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity2228 , and because the latter with @entity4588 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity2228 - @entity563 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity1446 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial XXXX pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 : role of @entity2228 and @entity563 .

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: The @entity535 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity6007 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity4585 ( @entity4585 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity535 composition of EM and @entity4585 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity535 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity1522 in @entity4585 compared to EM. However, some @entity1522 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity3793 ) or lower (e.g. @entity1521 , @entity368 , @entity369 , @entity367 and @entity1889 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity535 in either @entity4585 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity2228 and @entity563 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity2228 or @entity563 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity4585 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity563 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity2228 , and because the latter with @entity4588 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity2228 - @entity563 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity1446 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial @entity535 pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 : role of @entity2228 and XXXX .

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: The @entity535 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity6007 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity4585 ( @entity4585 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity535 composition of EM and @entity4585 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity535 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity1522 in @entity4585 compared to EM. However, some @entity1522 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity2228 , @entity563 and @entity3793 ) or lower (e.g. @entity1521 , @entity368 , @entity369 , @entity367 and @entity1889 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity535 in either @entity4585 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity2228 and @entity563 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity2228 or @entity563 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity4585 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity563 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity2228 , and because the latter with @entity4588 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity2228 - @entity563 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity1446 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial @entity535 pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity2755 : role of XXXX and @entity563 .

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: To see whether general practitioners could effectively carry out training in relaxation and management of stress to reduce mild @entity101 a study was carried out with a subsample of phase 2 of the Medical Research Council's treatment of mild @entity101 trial. In the main mild @entity101 trial @entity1 had been receiving either an active drug or placebo for six years. In phase 2 a subsample of these @entity1 were randomly allocated either to continue or to stop receiving the active drug or placebo. In a further subsample @entity1 were again randomised to receive or not to receive relaxation therapy. This factorial design presented an additional opportunity to assess whether @entity1 controlled with active drugs might have their blood pressure maintained by this behavioural therapy once drug treatment was stopped and to assess whether blood pressure might be further reduced by this therapy in @entity1 who had been under regular medical supervision for as long as six years and who had already received non-pharmacological advice. The therapy was conducted by general practitioners in group sessions once a week for eight weeks. The training in relaxation was accompanied by galvanic skin resistance biofeedback. At one year follow up blood pressure in the relaxation subgroups was either maintained (in the group who had stopped receiving drugs) or reduced further (in the group who had continued receiving drugs and in both placebo groups), while in the control group it had increased in all the subgroups, but particularly in those who had stopped receiving drugs. Differences in changes in blood pressure between the relaxation and control groups were significant. There were five new cardiovascular events, including evidence of @entity296 in blindly coded electrocardiograms in the control group, compared with one in the treatment group. General practitioners, if motivated, can successfully apply this technique of training those with mild @entity101 in relaxation and management of stress.

title: Can general practitioners use training in relaxation and management of stress to reduce mild XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1979 @entity981 was diagnosed in 378 @entity1 at this hospital. The outcome for the 181 survivors was examined six or more years after diagnosis to assess morbidity in an unselected group of long term survivors. One hundred and thirty seven of the survivors were in first remission and probably cured (group I). Forty four (group II) had had one or more relapses, some of whom, who had isolated extramedullary relapses, also have a good chance of cure. In group I 136 @entity1 had prophylactic cranial or craniospinal irradiation, while @entity1 in group II, in addition to having that treatment, received local testicular (17) or craniospinal radiation (seven) for testicular or central nervous system relapse. Eight had additional prophylactic cranial radiotherapy after bone marrow relapse, and six had total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation. The incidence of clinically important growth and endocrine morbidity was 20% in group I and 68% in group II. The morbidity in @entity1 in group I was mainly attributable to early pubertal maturation. In group II 30 @entity1 had @entity851 , of whom 19 had gonadal failure from testicular or total body irradiation, 14 had @entity2338 after doses of cranial irradiation of over 2400 cGy, and 10 had @entity851 after craniospinal irradiation. Two also had early pubertal maturation. Five out of six @entity1 who received total body irradiation had @entity12010 . Neuropsychological sequelae of treatment were seen in 40 (42%) of 96 schoolchildren in group I and in 12 (38%) of 32 schoolchildren in group II. Postinfective sequelae of treatment were found in @entity1 in both groups. These results show that the survivors who were in their first remission had a 42% residual morbidity related to treatment compared with an 82% morbidity in the survivors of one or more relapses who had multiple treatments.

title: Medical cost of curing childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal growth impairment', 'growth failure']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine deficiency']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']