abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of @entity2719 scans to determine whether residual masses consist of viable @entity5 or @entity39 fibrous tissue after chemotherapy for @entity4797 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 were enrolled and 27 were assessable. @entity1 receiving first-line or salvage chemotherapy had @entity2719 scans performed during their first and last scheduled course of chemotherapy and results were compared with restaging computed tomographic (CT) scans and subsequent clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 27 assessable @entity1 , 22 received first-line chemotherapy (group A) and five salvage chemotherapy (group B). Eight @entity1 were not @entity2719 -avid before chemotherapy despite obvious clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity3 . Eighteen of 19 @entity2719 -positive @entity1 had a persistent mass postchemotherapy on abdominal CT. Of 16 @entity1 in group A whose @entity5 were @entity2719 -avid, all 16 had normalized @entity2719 scans after chemotherapy. However, two of these 16 @entity1 recurred in their original disease site. In group B, there were three @entity1 with @entity2719 -avid @entity5 and all three had normalized scans postchemotherapy. Two @entity1 who were not @entity2719 -avid (one each in group A and B) also developed recurrent disease. Twenty-four of 27 @entity1 are alive with no evidence of active disease at a median follow-up time of 18 months, including 20 with more than 1 year of follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Eight of 27 @entity1 had false-negative @entity2719 scans at the time of diagnosis. All nineteen @entity2719 scans that were initially positive reverted to normal after chemotherapy. Two of 19 @entity1 ' follow-up @entity2719 scans were false-negative. We therefore feel that @entity2719 scans have minimal value in the prechemotherapy or postchemotherapy evaluation of @entity3 .

title: XXXX scans in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for @entity4797 .

answer: @entity2719 :: (MESH:D005708,Chemical) :: ['Gallium']


abstract: Degenerative changes of @entity1157 with lymphocytic infiltration into portal areas have been recognized as the characteristic histopathologic features in the liver with @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ). Occasionally, lymphocytic infiltration into biliary ductal epithelium was noted and has been thought to be mostly the result of nonspecific @entity32 . However, this histological presentation looks quite similar to that of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or acute cellular rejection (ACR) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). According to this histological similarity, we presumed that the degeneration of @entity1157 (DIBD) might have developed with @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ) as some part of an immunologic reaction, and focused on the DIBD with @entity5115 in the @entity1 with @entity2876 . Liver specimens obtained from 31 @entity1 with @entity2876 at the time of primary Kasai operation and 3 @entity1 at the time of reoperation were reviewed histologically, and investigated DIBD with @entity5115 . Nine @entity1 with @entity2941 (CBD) and 5 @entity1 with @entity99 ( @entity99 ) were added to this study as a control population. All @entity1 with @entity2876 presented with DIBD with @entity5115 . On the other hand, only 2 @entity1 with CBD presented with DIBD with @entity5115 , and no @entity1 with @entity99 presented with DIBD with @entity5115 . The DIBD with @entity5115 is not limited to @entity1 with @entity2876 , but it seems to be much more serious in this group. These findings may suggest that some sort of immunologic factors contribute to the persistent DIBD in the @entity1 with @entity2876 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Degeneration of intrahepatic bile duct with lymphocyte infiltration into biliary epithelial cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration into biliary epithelial cells', 'LIBE']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['NH', 'neonatal hepatitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity288 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity565 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with steroid-dependent @entity565 or @entity1030 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity230 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity230 . Sixteen @entity1 were willing to stop using @entity2715 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity1 developed @entity189 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity3045 or 40 micrograms of @entity13265 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity228 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity2715 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity2488 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity112 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity2715 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity2715 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity230 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity230 is possible in some @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity1 with mild @entity565 or @entity1030 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity230 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled XXXX in @entity565 or @entity1030 . Is it possible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity288 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity565 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with steroid-dependent @entity565 or @entity1030 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity230 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity230 . Sixteen @entity1 were willing to stop using @entity2715 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity1 developed @entity189 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity3045 or 40 micrograms of @entity13265 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity228 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity2715 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity2488 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity112 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity2715 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity2715 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity230 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity230 is possible in some @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity1 with mild @entity565 or @entity1030 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity230 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled @entity230 in @entity565 or XXXX . Is it possible?

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity288 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity565 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with steroid-dependent @entity565 or @entity1030 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity230 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity230 . Sixteen @entity1 were willing to stop using @entity2715 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity1 developed @entity189 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity3045 or 40 micrograms of @entity13265 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity228 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity2715 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity2488 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity112 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity2715 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity2715 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity230 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity230 is possible in some @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity1 with mild @entity565 or @entity1030 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity230 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled @entity230 in XXXX or @entity1030 . Is it possible?

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of elderly @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1318 are being referred for minimally invasive myotomy. Little data are available about the operative outcomes in this population. The objective of this study was to review our experience with this procedure in an elderly population. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 51 consecutive @entity1 , 65 years of age or older, diagnosed with @entity1318 who underwent a minimally invasive myotomy at our institution. Prior therapies, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative interventions were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 @entity1 , 28 (55%) had undergone prior endoscopic therapy, and 2 @entity1 (7%) had a prior myotomy. Mean duration of symptoms was 10.9 years (range, 0.5 to 50). No perioperative mortality occurred, and the median hospital stay was 3 days. Two @entity1 (3.8%) had complications, including a @entity1819 and one atelectasia. Eleven @entity1 (21%) required additional therapy postoperatively. Symptom improvement was described in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy can safely be performed in elderly @entity1 , providing significant symptom relief. No evidence suggests that surgery should not be considered a first-line treatment. Advanced age does not appear to adversely affect outcomes of laparoscopic Heller myotomy.

title: Outcomes of minimally invasive myotomy for the treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosal injury']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: We report the case of a 68-year-old female @entity1 affected by @entity5 and a synchronous metastatic lesion measuring 8 cm in diameter in the left hepatic lobe. After a laparoscopic ultrasonography exploration of the liver to detect possible occult metastases, a simultaneous colorectal resection and a left hepatic lobectomy including a partial resection of segment IV were performed. Five ports were used for the entire procedure. The resected specimens were extracted through a Pfannenstiel incision. The procedure was completed laparoscopically. Total operative time was 455 minutes with negligible intraoperative @entity190 . The postoperative hospital stay was 12 days. At 4-month follow-up, the @entity1 recovered completely. A computed tomography scan performed at this time showed no signs of recurrent disease. This report confirms the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach to simultaneous hepatic and colorectal resections in @entity5 . The known advantages of the miniinvasive approach could make such complex procedures more endurable.

title: Simultaneous laparoscopic anterior resection and left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'stage IV rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hepatic lobectomy for stage IV rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The growth factor neuregulin (NRG) is one of the most promising candidates in protein therapy as potential treatment for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In the last few years, biomaterial based delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) made of @entity7050 and @entity968 ( @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs), have improved the efficacy of protein therapy in preclinical studies. However, no cardiac treatment based on MPs has yet been commercialized since this is a relatively new field and total characterization of polymeric MPs remains mandatory before they reach the clinical arena. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the in vivo release, bioactivity and biodegradation of @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs loaded with biotinylated NRG in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . The effect of PEGylation in the clearance of the particles from the cardiac tissue was also evaluated. Interestingly, MPs were detected in the cardiac tissue for up to 12weeks after administration. In vivo release analysis showed that bNRG was released in a controlled manner throughout the twelve week study. Moreover, the biological cardiomyocyte receptor ( @entity37624 ) for NRG was detected in its activated form only in those animals treated with bNRG loaded MPs. On the other hand, the PEGylation strategy was effective in diminishing phagocytosis of these MPs compared to noncoated MPs in the long term (12weeks after injection). Taking all this together, we report new evidence in favor of the use of polymeric @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs as delivery systems for treating @entity583 , which could be soon included in clinical trials.

title: Tracking the in vivo release of bioactive NRG from XXXX and @entity73268 microparticles in infarcted hearts.

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic co glycolic acid)']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['PLGA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The growth factor neuregulin (NRG) is one of the most promising candidates in protein therapy as potential treatment for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In the last few years, biomaterial based delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) made of @entity7050 and @entity968 ( @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs), have improved the efficacy of protein therapy in preclinical studies. However, no cardiac treatment based on MPs has yet been commercialized since this is a relatively new field and total characterization of polymeric MPs remains mandatory before they reach the clinical arena. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the in vivo release, bioactivity and biodegradation of @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs loaded with biotinylated NRG in a @entity35 model of @entity583 . The effect of PEGylation in the clearance of the particles from the cardiac tissue was also evaluated. Interestingly, MPs were detected in the cardiac tissue for up to 12weeks after administration. In vivo release analysis showed that bNRG was released in a controlled manner throughout the twelve week study. Moreover, the biological cardiomyocyte receptor ( @entity37624 ) for NRG was detected in its activated form only in those animals treated with bNRG loaded MPs. On the other hand, the PEGylation strategy was effective in diminishing phagocytosis of these MPs compared to noncoated MPs in the long term (12weeks after injection). Taking all this together, we report new evidence in favor of the use of polymeric @entity7050 and @entity73268 MPs as delivery systems for treating @entity583 , which could be soon included in clinical trials.

title: Tracking the in vivo release of bioactive NRG from @entity7050 and XXXX microparticles in infarcted hearts.

answer: @entity73268 :: (MESH:C000589473,Chemical) :: ['PEG-PLGA']


abstract: Alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) therapy is an effective agent in early chronic phase (ECP) @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), achieving hematologic control in the majority and major cytogenetic response (MCR) (reduction in Ph' +ve metaphases to < 35%) in a substantial minority. Currently no pretreatment markers exist to ascertain likelihood of meaningful response. The site of breakpoint in M-bcr and relationship to prognosis is controversial. Studies have been hampered by variation in definition of breakpoint and difference in treatment protocols. In this study of ECP @entity1860 @entity1 , Southern analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine breakpoint location. @entity1 received alpha-IFN (9 x 10(6) units/day) and dose-adjusted @entity1862 (HU) to maintain granulocyte count between 1.0-2.0 x 10(9)/l for 6 months or more. Twelve of 31 @entity1 entered on the study achieved a MCR. The Sokal index did not predict for cytogenetic response to alpha-IFN. Eight of 11 @entity1 with 5' breakpoint achieved MCR compared to only four of 20 @entity1 with 3' breakpoint (P = 0.007). These results suggest site of M-bcr rearrangement may be predictive of response to alpha-IFN therapy. If verified by further study, this may allow more appropriate use of alpha-IFN with respect to other modalities such as allogeneic transplant.

title: Cytogenetic response to alpha-interferon is predicted in early chronic phase XXXX by M-bcr breakpoint location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Reports on the outcome of treatment in @entity981 in Asian (non-Caucasian) adults have been few, and published results compare very unfavourably with results of treatment from 'Western' centres. Seventy-four newly diagnosed Malaysian @entity1 with @entity981 between the ages of 15 and 69 were treated from 1986 to 1990. The clinical features and prognostic factors were similar to those reported in 'Western' series. The chemotherapy protocol utilized was adapted from the one used by Hoelzer et al in the multicentre German study. The complete remission rate was 73%. The probability of continuous complete remission at 5 years was 29% with a median duration of remission of 15 months. This compares with Hoelzer's initial results of 77% CR rate and 35% CCR at 5 years. @entity1 with an initial white cell count of less than 30 x 10(9)/l at presentation were found to have a significantly better disease-free survival than those with a count of more than 30 x 10(9)/l (35 vs 22%, P = 0.026, univariate analysis). There was no difference in @entity1778 -free survival according to age, sex, ethnic group, or immunophenotype. These results show that the use of moderately intensive chemotherapy protocols in Asian (non-Caucasian) @entity1 achieves similar results to those used in Caucasians. We also showed that the difficulties in 'curing' approximately 70% of adult @entity1 with @entity981 are universal.

title: Outcome of treatment in adult XXXX in an Asian population: comparison with previous multicentre German study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of 107 consecutive @entity1 with @entity91 ( @entity2168 ) seen by the craniofacial team at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 between 1986 and 1992. There were 51 @entity1 with @entity2168 , 33 with @entity4886 , 8 with @entity8257 , 11 with @entity4886 , and 4 with @entity154 . Six @entity1 developed @entity428 ( @entity428 ) after initial suture release and decompression ( @entity4886 , three @entity1 ; @entity8257 , one @entity1 ; @entity4886 , two @entity1 ). Raised @entity428 was considered in those @entity1 who returned with a bulging fontanelle, @entity79 , intermittent @entity10 , @entity146 , and @entity391 . The diagnosis of raised @entity428 was based on @entity1829 (four @entity1 ), progressive @entity4651 (one @entity1 ), and @entity428 monitoring (one @entity1 ). No @entity1 in this group had @entity1276 requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Once raised @entity428 was detected in these @entity1 , a second operation was immediately performed to reduce the @entity428 with the intention of expanding the volume of the cranial cavity. The second procedures included: anterior cranial vault and upper orbital reshaping (four @entity1 ), posterior cranial vault reshaping (one @entity1 ), and total cranial vault reshaping (one @entity1 ). There were no perioperative complications in these @entity1 , although one @entity1 showed subsequent recurrence of raised @entity428 requiring further cranial vault re-expansion. At follow-up, ranging from 3 to 7 years, all six @entity1 were asymptomatic without evidence of raised @entity428 . In our series, raised @entity428 occurred in 6% of the @entity1 with a @entity2168 after initial suture release and decompression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The detection and management of @entity428 after initial suture release and decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient', 'child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['kleebl  ttschadel anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Saethre-Chotzen syndrome', "Apert's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2168 :: ('MESH:D003394', 'Disease') :: ["Crouzon's syndrome", 'craniofacial dysostosis', 'craniofacial dysostosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['progressive frontal bone protrusion']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic forms of craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

answer: @entity2168 :: (MESH:D003394,Disease) :: ['craniofacial dysostosis syndromes']


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of 107 consecutive @entity1 with @entity91 ( @entity2168 ) seen by the craniofacial team at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 between 1986 and 1992. There were 51 @entity1 with @entity2168 , 33 with @entity4886 , 8 with @entity8257 , 11 with @entity4886 , and 4 with @entity154 . Six @entity1 developed @entity428 ( @entity428 ) after initial suture release and decompression ( @entity4886 , three @entity1 ; @entity8257 , one @entity1 ; @entity4886 , two @entity1 ). Raised @entity428 was considered in those @entity1 who returned with a bulging fontanelle, @entity79 , intermittent @entity10 , @entity146 , and @entity391 . The diagnosis of raised @entity428 was based on @entity1829 (four @entity1 ), progressive @entity4651 (one @entity1 ), and @entity428 monitoring (one @entity1 ). No @entity1 in this group had @entity1276 requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Once raised @entity428 was detected in these @entity1 , a second operation was immediately performed to reduce the @entity428 with the intention of expanding the volume of the cranial cavity. The second procedures included: anterior cranial vault and upper orbital reshaping (four @entity1 ), posterior cranial vault reshaping (one @entity1 ), and total cranial vault reshaping (one @entity1 ). There were no perioperative complications in these @entity1 , although one @entity1 showed subsequent recurrence of raised @entity428 requiring further cranial vault re-expansion. At follow-up, ranging from 3 to 7 years, all six @entity1 were asymptomatic without evidence of raised @entity428 . In our series, raised @entity428 occurred in 6% of the @entity1 with a @entity2168 after initial suture release and decompression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The detection and management of XXXX after initial suture release and decompression for @entity2168 .

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypertension']


abstract: By means of high-gain ECG and signal-averaging techniques, we tried to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials (VLPs) in @entity453 ( @entity453 ). No VLPs were detected in normal subjects (n = 25) or in @entity1 with @entity13675 with sustained @entity2224 (VT/VF) (n = 10). Among 92 @entity453 @entity1 , VLPs were apparent in 35% (32 of 92) at the beginning of the study. The prevalence of VLPs increased to 48% (19 of 40) in the presence of @entity439 ( @entity439 ) and to 82% (14 of 17) in the presence of a history of previous sustained VT/VF. To determine the prognostic significance of VLPs, a prospective analysis was conducted during a mean of 7.4 months (range 1 to 22 months). During the follow-up period, 11 @entity1 (12%) presented with an episode of sustained VT/VF, and six of them died from documented VT/VF. Three other @entity1 died from @entity1455 . An episode of sustained VT/VF occurred in 31% (10 of 32) of the @entity1 with VLPs vs 2% (1 of 58) of the @entity1 without VLPs (p less than 0.001), and six @entity1 with VLPs died from sustained VT/VF vs none in the group of @entity1 without VLPs (p less than 0.01). This VLP-related increase in arrhythmic risk was still present in the particular subgroup of @entity1 with a history of previous sustained VT/VF (n = 17) and in @entity1 with @entity439 (n = 40). The risk of developing sustained VT/VF was also influenced by the length of the VLP and by a low mean ejection fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['various noncoronary cardiopathies']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Both @entity2184 undergo @entity6831 . Detection of @entity11442 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been described as an extremely sensitive way of detecting circulating viable @entity320 cells in the peripheral venous blood, and this technique may be of value in the early detection of dissemination. Also, it has been suggested that surgical manipulation of the eye, such as occurs during enucleation, can provoke @entity2184 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether @entity11442 mRNA is detectable in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with uveal and cutaneous @entity320 and in @entity1 with @entity2184 undergoing surgical procedures on the eye harbouring the @entity5 . Venous blood samples from 36 @entity1 diagnosed as having active @entity2184 and from six @entity1 with advanced metastatic cutaneous @entity320 were analysed. In addition, blood samples were spiked with known numbers of cells from three cell lines and four primary @entity2184 . The reported sensitivity of the technique was confirmed, with an ability to detect down to one cell per ml of blood. All 51 blood samples from the 36 @entity1 with @entity2184 were negative, and this included 20 perioperative blood samples. The test was also negative for the six @entity1 with advanced cutaneous @entity320 . There were two positives among 31 control samples analysed. This study demonstrates that there are far fewer circulating viable melanocytes than has been previously supposed in @entity1 with @entity320 and that the RT-PCR is of no clinical value in detecting metastatic @entity320 . There was no evidence for surgery causing a bolus of @entity320 cells to enter the peripheral circulation.

title: The detection of XXXX cells in peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['haematogenous dissemination']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma dissemination', 'uveal melanoma cultures', 'uveal melanoma', 'cutaneous and uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity384 and surgery are commonly practiced in stricturing @entity30 . Nonetheless, there are still scant data directly comparing these 2 strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of @entity384 versus surgical resection in symptomatic @entity30 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a single tertiary center. @entity1 : Seventy-nine @entity1 were identified, 40 in the surgical group and 39 in the @entity384 group (mean age 42.8        13.9 versus 38.5        12.2 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes of all @entity1 referred for @entity384 were compared with @entity1 referred to surgery because of stricturing disease between the years 2006 and 2013. The primary outcome was the need for reintervention (either @entity384 or surgery) for symptomatic @entity30 during follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who required any reintervention during follow-up was significantly lower in the surgical group versus the @entity384 group (OR = 5.62 (95% CI, 1.66-19.01); p = 0.005). The need for surgery/resurgery during follow-up was also significantly lower in the surgically treated group (OR = 3.53 (95% CI, 1.01-12.29); p = 0.047). Reintervention-free survival and surgery-free survival were both significantly shorter in the endoscopically treated group in a Kaplan-Mayer analysis. The rate of major complications was similar in the endoscopically and surgically treated groups (7.6% versus 7.5%; p = 0.7). LIMITATIONS: The small cohort and the retrospective data collection were limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of @entity1 with fibrostenotic @entity30 , a direct comparison showed reduced need for reinterventions with a similar rate of immediate major complications after surgery compared with @entity384 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of Surgery Versus Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Stricturing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's strictures", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conscious external anal sphincter contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve. @entity16 is, therefore, believed to result in @entity1241 . Until urge sensation is experienced, fecal continence is maintained by unconscious external anal sphincter contraction, which is regulated by the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. The innervation of unconscious contraction is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether unconscious contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve and whether age influences unconscious contraction. DESIGN: This was a retrospective comparative study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. @entity1 : Seventy adult @entity1 experiencing defecation problems who underwent anorectal function tests were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conscious and unconscious contractions were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity16 . Conscious contraction was defined by maximum anal sphincter contractility, unconscious contraction by pressure in the anal canal at maximum tolerable or retainable sensation during the balloon retention test. RESULTS: Unconscious contraction did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity16 @entity1 , whereas conscious contraction was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity16 . Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that unconscious contraction, in contrast to conscious contraction, was not predicted significantly by age and anal electrosensitivity at 2   cm, which represents @entity16 . @entity1 with @entity16 were significantly older than @entity1 with @entity16 . LIMITATIONS: The pudendal nerve motor latency and EMG tests were not performed. CONCLUSIONS: The pudendal nerve does not mediate unconscious external anal sphincter contraction. @entity16 alone, therefore, results in urge @entity322 rather than in complete @entity1241 . Unconscious contraction appears not to be influenced by age. Therefore, most of the elderly @entity1 experience urge @entity322 rather than complete @entity1241 .

title: XXXX Alone Results in Urge Incontinence Rather Than in Complete @entity1241 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nonpudendal neuropathy', 'non-pudendal neuropathy', 'pudendal neuropathy', 'Pudendal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Pudendal Neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conscious external anal sphincter contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve. @entity16 is, therefore, believed to result in @entity1241 . Until urge sensation is experienced, fecal continence is maintained by unconscious external anal sphincter contraction, which is regulated by the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. The innervation of unconscious contraction is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether unconscious contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve and whether age influences unconscious contraction. DESIGN: This was a retrospective comparative study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. @entity1 : Seventy adult @entity1 experiencing defecation problems who underwent anorectal function tests were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conscious and unconscious contractions were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity16 . Conscious contraction was defined by maximum anal sphincter contractility, unconscious contraction by pressure in the anal canal at maximum tolerable or retainable sensation during the balloon retention test. RESULTS: Unconscious contraction did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity16 and @entity16 @entity1 , whereas conscious contraction was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity16 . Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that unconscious contraction, in contrast to conscious contraction, was not predicted significantly by age and anal electrosensitivity at 2   cm, which represents @entity16 . @entity1 with @entity16 were significantly older than @entity1 with @entity16 . LIMITATIONS: The pudendal nerve motor latency and EMG tests were not performed. CONCLUSIONS: The pudendal nerve does not mediate unconscious external anal sphincter contraction. @entity16 alone, therefore, results in urge @entity322 rather than in complete @entity1241 . Unconscious contraction appears not to be influenced by age. Therefore, most of the elderly @entity1 experience urge @entity322 rather than complete @entity1241 .

title: @entity16 Alone Results in Urge Incontinence Rather Than in Complete XXXX .

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['Fecal Incontinence']


abstract: Introduction. Medication lists and @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) including "brown bag reviews" (BBR) are important instruments for medication safety. The aim of this study was to explore whether @entity1 ' use of a medication list is associated with their beliefs about their medicine and their memory of @entity2383 . Methods. Baseline data of 344 @entity1 enrolled into the "Polypharmacy in Multimorbid @entity1 study" were analysed. Linear regression models were calculated for the "specific necessity subscale" (SNS) and the "specific concerns subscale" ( @entity6542 ) of the German "Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire," including self-developed variables assessing @entity1 ' use of a medication list, their memory of @entity2383 , and sociodemographic data. Results. 62.8% (n = 216) remembered an appointment for @entity2383 and 32.0% (n = 110) BBR. The SNS correlated positively with regular receipt of a medication list (b = 0.286, p < 0.01) and negatively with memory of a BBR (b = -0.268; p < 0.01). The @entity6542 correlated positively with memory of a BBR (b = 0.160, p = 0.02) and negatively with the comprehensiveness of the mediation list (b = -0.224; p < 0.01). Conclusions. A comprehensive medication list may reduce @entity1 ' concerns and increase the perceived necessity of their medication. A potential negative impact of BBR on @entity1 ' beliefs about their medicine should be considered and quality standards for @entity2383 developed.

title: Medication Lists and Brown Bag Reviews: Potential Positive and Negative Impacts on XXXX Beliefs about Their Medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'structured medication counselling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Objectives. A symptomatic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a severe complication after open partial nephrectomy (OPN). The aim of our study was to assess incidence and risk factors for @entity8 formation. Furthermore, we present our management strategy. @entity1 and Methods. Clinical records of consecutive @entity1 undergoing OPN were assessed for surgical outcome and @entity260 . Renal masses were risk stratified for @entity5 complexity according to the PADUA score. Uni- and multivariate analysis for symptomatic RPAs were performed using the t-tests and logistic regression. Results. We identified 233 @entity1 treated with OPN. Symptomatic RPAs were observed in 13 (5.6%) @entity1 , on average 14 (4-42) days after surgery. Uni- and multivariate analysis identified @entity5 complexity to be an independent predictor for symptomatic RPAs (p = 0.004). There was a significant correlation between RPAs and transfusion and the duration of stay (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021). Symptomatic RPAs were diagnosed with CT scans and successfully treated with @entity1416 . Discussion. Symptomatic RPAs are not uncommon after OPN for high-risk renal masses. A high nephrometry score is a predictor for this severe complication and may enable a risk-stratified followup. RPAs can successfully be located by CT angiography, which enables targeted angiographic treatment.

title: Open Partial Nephrectomy for High-Risk Renal Masses Is Associated with XXXX : Assessment of a Severe Procedure-Related Complication.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pseudoaneurysm', 'RPA']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with pathological T3N0 stage urothelial @entity150 show a range of outcomes after radical cystectomy. Given that nomograms have included heterogeneous groups of @entity1 , we focused on and stratified @entity1 with pT3N0 urothelial @entity150 after radical cystectomy into prognostically different risk groups to facilitate the development of adjuvant therapy trials for those at high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised a total of 578 @entity1 from 9 centers worldwide with pT3N0 urothelial @entity150 who underwent radical cystectomy without perioperative chemotherapy. We evaluated the effect of @entity1803 substage at radical cystectomy, age, grade, @entity3 , margin status and number of lymph nodes removed on recurrence-free survival using Cox regression analysis. A weighted prognostic model was devised. RESULTS: Median followup was 39.4 months (IQR 64). On multivariate analysis @entity1803 substage at radical cystectomy (pT3b vs pT3a HR 2.056, p <0.0001), @entity3 (positive vs negative HR 2.004, p <0.0001) and margin status (positive vs negative HR 2.503, p = 0.002) were associated with recurrence-free survival (concordance index 0.66) in the context of generally adequate lymph node dissection, that is with a median of 17 removed. Three risk groups were devised based on weighted variables with a 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 79% (95% CI 70-84), 57% (95% CI 50-64) and 37% (95% CI 26-48) in the low, intermediate and high risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a user friendly prognostic risk model for @entity1 with pT3N0 urothelial @entity150 treated with radical cystectomy based on @entity1803 substage at radical cystectomy, @entity3 and margin status. These data warrant validation and may enable tailored monitoring and selection of appropriate @entity1 for adjuvant therapy trials.

title: Prognostic risk stratification of pathological stage T3N0 XXXX after radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Survivin a multifunctional protein that controls cell division, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. It is expressed in most @entity1 @entity5 , but is absent in normal and differentiated tissues. The purpose of this article is to overview the expression of survivin, effect of its expression in response to treatment, correlation with other markers and newer advancement in targeting survivin. METHODS: A detailed search of Medline was carried out using the following search strategy: "((survivin) OR ((apoptosis) AND (inhibitor OR inhibitors))) AND ((breast) AND ( @entity5 OR @entity5 ))". Abstract of all articles thus identified were reviewed to identify the relevant studies, full articles of studies thus identified were then obtained and reviewed. All relevant data was extracted and tabulated. RESULTS: Survivin expression by Immunohistochemistry was identified in 65.3% (55.2-90.0%) of the @entity0 @entity1 among the identified studies while survivin mRNA by RT-PCR was identified in 93.6% (90-97%). Survivin expression has been reported to be associated with over expression of @entity1722 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity2290 ( @entity2290 )/ @entity2289 . CONCLUSION: Survivin is over expressed in majority of @entity0 . The over expression of survivin is found to correlate with @entity1722 and @entity470 expression. Survivin expression has been found to confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting survivin in experimental models improves survival. More studies are needed on the role of survivin in multi drug resistance (MDR) in the presence of @entity7895 / @entity2290 / @entity2289 and the impact of survivin over expression in triple negative @entity0 .

title: Survivin expression and targeting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast  cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer OR carcinoma', 'neoplasm OR neoplasms OR tumor OR tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malassezia is a unique lipophilic genus in class Malasseziomycetes in Ustilaginomycotina, (Basidiomycota, fungi) that otherwise consists almost exclusively of plant pathogens. Malassezia are typically isolated from warm-blooded animals, are dominant members of the @entity1 skin mycobiome and are associated with common @entity272 . To characterize the genetic basis of the unique phenotypes of Malassezia spp., we sequenced the genomes of all 14 accepted species and used comparative genomics against a broad panel of fungal genomes to comprehensively identify distinct features that define the Malassezia gene repertoire: gene gain and loss; selection signatures; and lineage-specific gene family expansions. Our analysis revealed key gene gain events (64) with a single gene conserved across all Malassezia but absent in all other sequenced Basidiomycota. These likely horizontally transferred genes provide intriguing gain-of-function events and prime candidates to explain the emergence of Malassezia. A larger set of genes (741) were lost, with enrichment for glycosyl hydrolases and @entity1735 metabolism, concordant with adaptation to skin's @entity1735 -deficient environment. Gene family analysis revealed extensive turnover and underlined the importance of secretory lipases, phospholipases, aspartyl proteases, and other peptidases. Combining genomic analysis with a re-evaluation of culture characteristics, we establish the likely lipid-dependence of all Malassezia. Our phylogenetic analysis sheds new light on the relationship between Malassezia and other members of Ustilaginomycotina, as well as phylogenetic lineages within the genus. Overall, our study provides a unique genomic resource for understanding Malassezia niche-specificity and potential virulence, as well as their abundance and distribution in the environment and on @entity1 skin.

title: Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on XXXX Skin.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Lidopat   5% skin patch in relieving rib @entity158 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From June 2009 to May 2011, 44 @entity130 @entity1 with @entity174 were enrolled in this study and randomized in a double-blind method into 2 groups. The experimental group (group E: 27 @entity1 ) used a Lidopat   5% skin patch at the @entity130 site and took an oral analgesic drug for @entity158 relief. The placebo group (group P: 17 @entity1 ) used a placebo vehicle patch and an oral analgesic drug. RESULTS: The mean age, weight and hospital stay of @entity1 were 56.8    13.8 years, 67.4    12.6 kg and 6.34    1.3 days, respectively. In the first 4 days, there were no significant differences in @entity158 scores between the groups (p > 0.05). After the 5th day, the average @entity158 score was significantly less in group E (mean 1.5) than in group P (mean 3.10; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of @entity174 between groups (p = 0.904). The use of @entity6882 and the length of hospital stay (6.0 vs. 6.9 days) were both significantly less in group E (p = 0.043 and 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of the Lidopat   5% skin patch in @entity1 with @entity174 alleviated @entity158 and shortened the hospital stay, and a lower dose of @entity158 -relieving medication was used.

title: Lidocaine Skin Patch (Lidopat   5%) Is Effective in the Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective Double-Blinded and Vehicle-Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured ribs', 'isolated rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'fracture pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Rib Fractures']


abstract: The effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting @entity7243 on cyanogen levels was examined. Six out of eight batches of disinfected @entity7243 root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi Geotrichum candidum, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora sitophila, @entity7144 and Rhizopus stolonifer, or a Bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented @entity7243 flours from Uganda. One non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. Levels of initial and final moisture and cyanogens were assayed. The experiment was done in quadruplicate. Incubation of disinfected root pieces reduced cyanogenic @entity27371 levels significantly to 62.7% (SD 2.8) of the initial value. Microbial growth resulted in significant additional reduction of the cyanogenic @entity27371 levels to 29.8% (SD 18.9) of the levels which were obtained after non-inoculated incubation. Among the tested strains, N. sitophila reduced cyanogenic @entity27371 levels most effectively, followed by R. stolonifer and @entity7144 . Of all fermented samples, both Rhizopus spp. showed highest proportion of residual cyanogens in the @entity66959 form. Flours showed similar patterns of cyanogens as the batches they were prepared from. Cyanogenic @entity27371 level reduction was significantly correlated (r = 0.86) with the extent of root softening. It is concluded that both incubation and microbial activity are instrumental in reducing the potential @entity137 of @entity7243 during the solid substrate fermentation and that effectiveness varies considerably between the species of microorganisms applied.

title: Contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7144 :: ('64495', 'Species') :: ['R. oryzae', 'Rhizopus oryzae']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity27371 :: ('CHEBI:24278', 'Chemical') :: ['glucoside']

entities_list: @entity66959 :: ('MESH:C430593', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanohydrin']

answer: @entity7243 :: (3983,Species) :: ['cassava']


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: Controversy surrounds on the effect of khat, a widely chewed herb for its stimulant effect on sexuality. This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract, synthetic @entity21936 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity251 and @entity701 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity35 . OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis Forsk (Khat, Celastraceae) extract, synthetic @entity21936 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity251 and @entity701 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 were treated with either @entity9266 (3%, v/v) in water, khat extract (100mg/kg, K100; 200mg/kg, K200; and 300mg/kg, K300 doses) or @entity21936 (5mg/kg, CAT5) intragastrically for four weeks and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. Three days following the last administration, blood was drawn for hormonal analysis and the animals were sacrificed for sperm count and morphologic-pathology studies. RESULTS: K100 significantly decreased mount latency (ML) (p<0.05) and intromission latency (IL) (p<0.01) compared to controls. K200 whilst significantly reduced IL (p<0.01) and intromission frequency (IF) (p<0.01), increased postejaculatory latency (PEL) (p<0.01). K300 significantly reduced IF (p<0.01) and ejaculatory latency (EL) (p<0.01), but increased @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), IL, PEL, and ML (p<0.01, in all cases). With CAT5, @entity2198 (p<0.05) and IL (p<0.01) were significantly greater but EL and IF were lower (p<0.05, in both cases) than controls. Serum levels of @entity251 were doubled in K100 (p<0.01), but a significant decrease was recorded in both K200 (18%, p<0.01) and K300 (50%, p<0.01) @entity35 . Whereas K100 did not have any effect on @entity701 levels, K200 and K300 significantly increased by 83% (p<0.05) and 164.5% (p<0.01), respectively. CAT5 affected neither serum @entity251 nor @entity701 levels. Khat extract demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in epididymal sperm count: 50% with K100 (p<0.05), 78% with K200 (p<0.01) and 89% with K300 (p<0.01). CAT5 did not, however, produce any significant change in sperm count. Khat extract and @entity21936 did not produce any discernible damage on testis. CONCLUSION: Mild dose of khat improves sexual motivation, without much effect on performance. With increasing dose, however, both motivation and performance are reduced. Although @entity251 levels correlated well with motivation, there was dissociation with sperm count, indicating optimum level might be required for normal spermatogenesis.

title: Reproductive parameters are differentially altered following subchronic administration of Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract and XXXX in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['mount frequency', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity21936 :: ('MESH:C023665', 'Chemical') :: ['cathinone']

answer: @entity21936 :: (MESH:C023665,Chemical) :: ['cathinone']


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: Controversy surrounds on the effect of khat, a widely chewed herb for its stimulant effect on sexuality. This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract, synthetic @entity21936 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity251 and @entity701 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity35 . OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis Forsk (Khat, Celastraceae) extract, synthetic @entity21936 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity251 and @entity701 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 were treated with either @entity9266 (3%, v/v) in water, khat extract (100mg/kg, K100; 200mg/kg, K200; and 300mg/kg, K300 doses) or @entity21936 (5mg/kg, CAT5) intragastrically for four weeks and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. Three days following the last administration, blood was drawn for hormonal analysis and the animals were sacrificed for sperm count and morphologic-pathology studies. RESULTS: K100 significantly decreased mount latency (ML) (p<0.05) and intromission latency (IL) (p<0.01) compared to controls. K200 whilst significantly reduced IL (p<0.01) and intromission frequency (IF) (p<0.01), increased postejaculatory latency (PEL) (p<0.01). K300 significantly reduced IF (p<0.01) and ejaculatory latency (EL) (p<0.01), but increased @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), IL, PEL, and ML (p<0.01, in all cases). With CAT5, @entity2198 (p<0.05) and IL (p<0.01) were significantly greater but EL and IF were lower (p<0.05, in both cases) than controls. Serum levels of @entity251 were doubled in K100 (p<0.01), but a significant decrease was recorded in both K200 (18%, p<0.01) and K300 (50%, p<0.01) @entity35 . Whereas K100 did not have any effect on @entity701 levels, K200 and K300 significantly increased by 83% (p<0.05) and 164.5% (p<0.01), respectively. CAT5 affected neither serum @entity251 nor @entity701 levels. Khat extract demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in epididymal sperm count: 50% with K100 (p<0.05), 78% with K200 (p<0.01) and 89% with K300 (p<0.01). CAT5 did not, however, produce any significant change in sperm count. Khat extract and @entity21936 did not produce any discernible damage on testis. CONCLUSION: Mild dose of khat improves sexual motivation, without much effect on performance. With increasing dose, however, both motivation and performance are reduced. Although @entity251 levels correlated well with motivation, there was dissociation with sperm count, indicating optimum level might be required for normal spermatogenesis.

title: Reproductive parameters are differentially altered following subchronic administration of Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract and @entity21936 in male XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity5834 ingestion on performance and estimated energy system contribution during simulated taekwondo combat and on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. METHODS: Ten taekwondo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 hours. Athletes consumed a capsule containing either @entity5834 (5 mg   kg-1) or placebo (cellulose) one hour before the combat simulation (3 rounds of 2 min separated by 1 min passive recovery), in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover design. All simulated combat was filmed to quantify the time spent fighting in each round. @entity880 concentration and rating of perceived exertion were measured before and after each round, while heart rate (HR) and the estimated contribution of the oxidative (WAER), @entity855 -PCr (WPCR), and glycolytic (W[La-]) systems were calculated during the combat simulation. Furthermore, parasympathetic reactivation after the combat simulation was evaluated through 1) taking absolute difference between the final HR observed at the end of third round and the HR recorded 60-s after (HRR60s), 2) taking the time constant of HR decay obtained by fitting the 6-min post-exercise HRR into a first-order exponential decay curve (HRR  ), or by 3) analyzing the first 30-s via logarithmic regression analysis (T30). RESULTS: @entity5834 ingestion increased estimated glycolytic energy contribution in relation to placebo (12.5    1.7 kJ and 8.9    1.2 kJ, P = 0.04). However, @entity5834 did not improve performance as measured by attack number (CAF: 26. 7    1.9; @entity1989 : 27.3    2.1, P = 0.48) or attack time (CAF: 33.8    1.9 s; @entity1989 : 36.6    4.5 s, P = 0.58). Similarly, RPE (CAF: 11.7    0.4 a.u.; @entity1989 : 11.5    0.3 a.u., P = 0.62), HR (CAF: 170    3.5 bpm; @entity1989 : 174.2 bpm, P = 0.12), oxidative (CAF: 109.3    4.5 kJ; @entity1989 : 107.9 kJ, P = 0.61) and @entity855 -PCr energy contributions (CAF: 45.3    3.4 kJ; @entity1989 : 46.8    3.6 kJ, P = 0.72) during the combat simulation were unaffected. Furthermore, T30 (CAF: 869.1    323.2 s; @entity1989 : 735.5    232.2 s, P = 0.58), HRR60s (CAF: 34    8 bpm; @entity1989 : 38    9 bpm, P = 0.44), HRR   (CAF: 182.9    40.5 s, @entity1989 : 160.3    62.2 s, P = 0.23) and HRRamp (CAF: 70.2    17.4 bpm; @entity1989 : 79.2    17.4 bpm, P = 0.16) were not affected by @entity5834 ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5834 ingestion increased the estimated glycolytic contribution during taekwondo combat simulation, but this did not result in any changes in performance, perceived exertion or parasympathetic reactivation.

title: XXXX Ingestion Increases Estimated Glycolytic Metabolism during Taekwondo Combat Simulation but Does Not Improve Performance or Parasympathetic Reactivation.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['Caffeine']


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity2642 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity2036 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity2036 and @entity2642 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity855 , @entity860 , and @entity859 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of @entity859 , XXXX , @entity855 , and oligoadenylates.

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity2642 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity2036 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity2036 and @entity2642 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity855 , @entity860 , and @entity859 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of @entity859 , @entity860 , XXXX , and oligoadenylates.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity2642 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity2036 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity2036 and @entity2642 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity855 , @entity860 , and @entity859 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of XXXX , @entity860 , @entity855 , and oligoadenylates.

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Paris classification (PC) of paediatric @entity29 (PIBD) categorises disease extent and therefore impacts on treatment decisions Histological (microscopic) disease extent is not incorporated and endoscopic (macroscopic) findings may underrepresent disease extent when compared to histological findings; this study compares disease extent at presentation. METHODS: Data were obtained of @entity1 below 17 years of age diagnosed with IBD from 2010-13 at University Hospital Southampton. Data are presented as percentage of @entity1 undergoing endoscopy. PC was performed alongside a modified PC by histological disease location. RESULTS: 172 @entity1 were identified (median age at diagnosis 13.5, 115 male); @entity30 ( @entity30 )- 107, @entity31 ( @entity31 )- 50, @entity29 Unclassified (IBDU)- 15; 159 had undergone upper GI endoscopy, 163 had undergone lower GI endoscopy. @entity66 was more extensive at all points for @entity30 , @entity31 and IBDU. @entity30 ; @entity4628 in 49% of @entity1 compared to histological disease in 71.3%. Comparing PC; a 10% increase in L3 disease (ileocolonic), a 24% increase in L3+L4a disease (ileocolonic plus upper gastrointestinal (GI)) and a 27% increase in all upper GI involvement if histological disease extent was used. @entity31 ; the most common disease location was the rectum (endoscopic- 91.5% vs histological- 93.6%) and descending colon (endoscopic- 89.4% vs histological-95.7%). Comparing PC; a 19% increase in @entity66 (pancolitis) if histological disease extent was used. CONCLUSION: This data confirms that histological disease extent is greater than endoscopic disease extent. This should be considered when the PC is used. Further study is needed to elucidate which classification would better predict disease outcome.

title: Endoscopic Versus XXXX extent at Presentation of Paediatric @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Histological disease', 'E4 disease']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'Crohns disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Histological disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Paris classification (PC) of paediatric @entity29 (PIBD) categorises disease extent and therefore impacts on treatment decisions Histological (microscopic) disease extent is not incorporated and endoscopic (macroscopic) findings may underrepresent disease extent when compared to histological findings; this study compares disease extent at presentation. METHODS: Data were obtained of @entity1 below 17 years of age diagnosed with IBD from 2010-13 at University Hospital Southampton. Data are presented as percentage of @entity1 undergoing endoscopy. PC was performed alongside a modified PC by histological disease location. RESULTS: 172 @entity1 were identified (median age at diagnosis 13.5, 115 male); @entity30 ( @entity30 )- 107, @entity31 ( @entity31 )- 50, @entity29 Unclassified (IBDU)- 15; 159 had undergone upper GI endoscopy, 163 had undergone lower GI endoscopy. @entity66 was more extensive at all points for @entity30 , @entity31 and IBDU. @entity30 ; @entity4628 in 49% of @entity1 compared to histological disease in 71.3%. Comparing PC; a 10% increase in L3 disease (ileocolonic), a 24% increase in L3+L4a disease (ileocolonic plus upper gastrointestinal (GI)) and a 27% increase in all upper GI involvement if histological disease extent was used. @entity31 ; the most common disease location was the rectum (endoscopic- 91.5% vs histological- 93.6%) and descending colon (endoscopic- 89.4% vs histological-95.7%). Comparing PC; a 19% increase in @entity66 (pancolitis) if histological disease extent was used. CONCLUSION: This data confirms that histological disease extent is greater than endoscopic disease extent. This should be considered when the PC is used. Further study is needed to elucidate which classification would better predict disease outcome.

title: Endoscopic Versus @entity66 extent at Presentation of Paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The reported mortality @entity439 repair (eEVAR) compared with open repair in @entity1 with a @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ), as observed in observational studies, might be flawed by selection bias based on anatomical suitability for eEVAR. In the present study, we compared mortality in EVAR suitable versus non-EVAR-suitable @entity1 with a @entity397 who were all treated with conventional open repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all @entity1 presenting with a suspected @entity1755 , computed tomography angiography (CTA) scanning was performed. All consecutive @entity1 with a confirmed @entity1755 on preoperative CTA scan and treated with open repair between April 2002 and April 2008 were included. Anatomical suitability for eEVAR was determined by two blinded independent reviewers. Outcomes evaluated were mortality (intra-operative, 30-day, and 6-month), morbidity, complications requiring re-intervention and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 107 consecutive @entity1 presented with a @entity1755 and underwent preoperative CTA scanning. In 25 @entity1 , eEVAR was performed. In the 82 @entity1 who underwent open repair, CTA showed an EVAR-suitable @entity1755 in 33 @entity1 (41.8%) and a non-EVAR-suitable @entity1755 in 49 @entity1 . Thirty-day and 6-month mortality rate was 15/33 (45.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 28.1-63.7) and 18/33 (54.5%; 95% CI 36.4-71.9) in the EVAR-suitable group versus 24/49 (49.0%; 95% CI 34.4-63.7) (P=0.75) and 29/49 (59.2%; 95% CI 44.2-73.0) (P=0.68) in the non-EVAR-suitable group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that anatomical suitability for EVAR is not associated with lower early and midterm mortality in @entity1 treated with open @entity397 repair. Therefore, the reported reduction in mortality between eEVAR and open repair is unlikely due to selection bias based on anatomical AAA configuration.

title: EVAR suitability is not a predictor for early and midterm mortality after open XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of emergency endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured AAA']


abstract: In a large, double-blind, multicentre study, 269 @entity1 with confirmed @entity46 were randomly allocated to receive either @entity1872 (200 mg twice daily; n = 137) or @entity28696 (2.5 mg twice weekly; n = 132) for 6 months. The two groups were comparable in terms of the staging of @entity46 by the American Fertility Society (1979) score. After the sixth month of treatment, repeat laparoscopy was performed. Clinical assessment, haematological and biochemical investigations were carried out during the 6 months of treatment and for a further 12 months' follow-up and are compared between the two groups. A total of 15 @entity1 from the @entity28696 group, including four @entity1 with @entity3427 , and 17 @entity1 from the @entity1872 group, including six @entity1 with @entity10 , withdrew because of adverse symptoms. An additional 22 @entity1 , including 10 from the @entity28696 group and 12 from the @entity1872 group withdrew because of lack of efficacy, pregnancy, elevated hepatic function tests or for reasons unrelated to the trial. Total American Fertility Society scoring showed an improvement of 73.3% in 101 @entity1 receiving @entity28696 and 72.7% in 99 @entity1 receiving @entity1872 . The results showed a significant reduction in the severity of dysmenorrhoea by the third month in the @entity1872 group and at 6 months in both groups. There was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in weight observed in both groups during treatment. Overall, the tolerability of @entity1872 and @entity28696 was good; however, significantly more @entity1 with @entity28696 complained of @entity3427 while significantly more with @entity1872 complained of leg cramps. During the 12 months of follow-up, mild, moderate or severe degrees of lower @entity490 , dysmenorrhoea and deep @entity546 all fluctuated, with no statistically significant increase in frequency in either group.

title: Updating the clinical experience in XXXX --the European perspective.

entities_list: @entity28696 :: ('MESH:D005867', 'Chemical') :: ['gestrinone']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes between medial soft-tissue surgery and medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for recurrent @entity8043 without any evident predisposing factors. METHODS: A literature search was performed on the established medical databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane register. The inclusion criteria were as follows: English-language papers for recurrent @entity8043 without any evident predisposing factors, clinical trial(s) with clear description of surgical technique, adult subjects, medial soft-tissue surgery or MPFL reconstruction without combined surgery, and a follow-up longer than 2 years. The methodological quality of all articles was assessed by 2 authors according to the Coleman methodology score. RESULTS: Thirteen studies (mean Coleman methodology score value, 74.1; standard deviation, 11.5) were included in the analysis. Five studies reported the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing medial soft-tissue surgery, compared with 7 studies reporting MPFL reconstruction. Overall, 109 @entity1 underwent medial soft-tissue surgery with a minimum 2-years follow-up, compared with 308 @entity1 of MPFL reconstruction. There was one direct comparative study between medial soft-tissue surgery and MPFL reconstruction. Of the @entity1 who received medial soft-tissue surgery, 0 to 9.7% experienced redislocation, compared with 0 to 10.7% of the MPFL reconstruction group. The ranges of differences in Kujala scores were 23.6 to 31.7 points in @entity1 who underwent medial soft-tissue surgery and 23.11 to 38.8 points in @entity1 who underwent MPFL reconstruction. The ranges of postoperative congruence angles were  -14.4   to 8.2   for medial soft-tissue surgery and  -7.7   to  -5.2   for MPFL reconstruction. The ranges of postoperative lateral patellofemoral angles were 7.9   to 9.4   for medial soft-tissue surgery and 5   to 5.3   for MPFL reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: All studies on medial soft-tissue surgery and MPFL reconstruction for recurrent @entity8043 without predisposing factors showed satisfactory outcomes despite the use of numerous surgical techniques, graft types, and follow-up periods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, Systematic Review.

title: Medial Soft-Tissue Realignment Versus Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent XXXX : Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['Patellar Dislocation']


abstract: Out of a series of 146 @entity1 with @entity354 (6.2%) underwent colon interposition from 1963 to 1971. All eight surviving @entity1 were seen at follow-up after a mean of 22 years. Three @entity1 were free of specific symptoms according to the criteria of DeMeester, two had moderate and three severe @entity147 . The mean time for consuming a standardized test meal was 15 minutes, compared to 8 minutes in healthy controls. @entity1 required 1-9 minutes to transport liquid @entity9666 through the transplant, compared to < 10 seconds in control subjects. Histological evaluation revealed a normal architecture of the colonic and ileal epithelium in three @entity1 who underwent endoscopy. In none of these @entity1 were contractions in the colon graft related to the act of swallowing recorded on manometry. Unimpaired quality of life was indicated by the Spitzer index which scored a mean of nine out of ten points. However, on a 100point visual analogue scale @entity1 scored their global quality of life 66 and the mean Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index was 92.2, compared to 107.6 in healthy control subjects (p < 0.05). This impairment was exclusively due to specific symptoms which scored 49.3 in @entity1 and 59 in healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Physical and social functions, emotions, and inconvenience of a medical treatment were similar to control subjects. We conclude that colon interposition for long-gap oesophageal @entity1146 achieves acceptable long-term functional results. However, specific symptoms lead to a considerable impairment in quality of life.

title: Long-term functional results and quality of life after colon interposition for long-gap oesophageal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia 9']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: Whisker trimming produces @entity308 of cortical responses in the barrel cortex. However, it is unclear how the developmental timing modifies the effects of whisker trimming. We investigated cortical responses in thalamocortical slices that included the @entity19 barrel cortex using @entity13745 fluorescence imaging. A topological relationship was observed between the thalamic stimulated sites and cortical areas showing fluorescence changes. By adjusting the position of the thalamic stimulated sites and the cortical windows in which amplitudes of the fluorescence changes were measured, we succeeded to reduce the variability of cortical responses between slices. We then investigated the effects of whisker trimming in the thalamocortical slices. Whisker trimming from 4 weeks to 8 weeks (at 4-8 weeks) of age significantly reduced cortical responses at 8 weeks. However, whisker trimming started before 4 weeks produced only slight @entity308 or no significant effect on the thalamocortical responses. As sensory deprivation during a critical developmental period is known to prevent elimination of synapses, the presence of aberrant synapses may compensate the cortical @entity308 induced by whisker trimming started before 4 weeks. To test this possibility, whisker trimming performed at 0-6 or 0-7 weeks of age was followed by regrowth of whiskers for 1-2 weeks. Clear and significant potentiation of cortical responses was observed in these @entity19 at 8 weeks when compared with those of naive @entity19 of the same age. Overall, these data suggest that whisker trimming, producing @entity308 of thalamocortical responses, prevents elimination of aberrant synapses during a critical developmental period before 4 weeks in the @entity19 barrel cortex.

title: Timing-dependent effects of whisker trimming in thalamocortical slices including the XXXX barrel cortex.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity13745 :: ('CHEBI:5086', 'Chemical') :: ['flavoprotein']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: saturated fat restriction has been recommended for @entity453 , but the role of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) extra virgin, @entity27146 source in the management of lipid profile remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of nutritional treatment associated with the consumption of extra virgin coconut oil in anthropometric parameters and lipid profile. METHODS: we conducted a longitudinal study of 116 adults of both sexes presenting CAD. @entity1 were followed in two stages: the first stage (basal-3 months), intensive nutritional treatment. In the second stage (3-6 months), the subjects were divided into two groups: diet group associated with extra virgin coconut oil consumption (GDOC) and diet group (DG). Held monthly anthropometric measurements: body mass, waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (PP), body mass index (BMI). Gauged to collected blood pressure and blood samples were fasted for 12 hours, for total @entity165 analysis and fractions apoproteins ( @entity1675 ), @entity413 , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin (I). Comparing the averages at the beginning and end of the study employing the paired Student t-independent. And set the diastolic blood pressure by BMI using ANOVA. Analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package, being significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: the mean age of the population was 62.4    7.7 years, 63.2% male, 70% elderly, 77.6% infarcted, 52.6% with @entity951 , @entity101 and @entity2299 100%. In the first stage the nutritional treatment reduced body weight, WC, BMI and PP and insulin concentrations, HbA1C, HOMA-IR and QUICK, without changing the other parameters. In the second stage of the study, it was observed that the GDOC maintained the reduction of body mass, BMI, WC, with a significant difference between groups for DC (-2.1    2,7cm; p < 0.01). In addition, there was an increase in HDL-C concentrations, @entity1675 , with significant difference in GD, only for HDL-C (3.1    7.4 mg/dL; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: it was observed that the nutritional treatment associated with extra virgin coconut oil consumption reduced the CC and increased HDL-C levels in @entity1 with CAD.

title: A COCONUT EXTRA VIRGIN OIL-RICH DIET INCREASES HDL CHOLESTEROL AND DECREASES WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND BODY MASS IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity27146 :: ('MESH:C030358', 'Chemical') :: ['lauric acid']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the STEPW (size, topography, extension, penetration, wall) classification system in predicting partial or complete fibroid removal on hysteroscopic myomectomy. DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Four hysteroscopy centers in Brazil, China, Italy, and the United States. @entity1 (S): Four hundred forty-nine @entity1 who underwent hysteroscopic resection of 465 submucous fibroids. INTERVENTION(S): Resection of the submucous fibroids (hysteroscopic myomectomy). Fibroids were scored according to the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) and STEPW classifications. The validation of the two classifications was assessed using sensitivity and specificity of each classification, with their best cutoff point. A test of equality of the two areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves was performed for correlated samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Correlation of ESGE and STEPW classifications with complete or incomplete @entity2909 . RESULT(S): Removal of the @entity1868 was complete in 432 (92.9%) of 465 myomectomies and incomplete in 33 (7.1%). All 320 fibroids (100%) with a score <=4 in the STEPW classification were completely removed, and 112 of 145 fibroids (77.2%) with a score>4 were removed. All 33 cases of @entity445 (100%) had a STEPW score>4. Using the ESGE classification, 85 of 86 cases (98.9%) of type 0 fibroids, 278 of 298 (93.3%) of type 1, and 69 of 81 (85.2%) of type 2 were completely resected. CONCLUSION(S): Classifying submucous fibroids using the STEPW classification permits greater correlation with @entity1868 by hysteroscopic myomectomy.

title: Feasibility of a new system of classification of submucous XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete hysteroscopic myomectomy']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['myoma', 'complete or incomplete removal of the myoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['removal of submucous fibroid']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We discuss issues related to cochlear implantation in @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity16 ). We describe the varied nature of this disease category including the numerous potential causes of @entity2167 . The most prevalent etiology for @entity1 with @entity16 is associated with prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We discuss the potential contribution of cochlear @entity519 to this etiology. The second part of this review describes in detail our own experience at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto, with cochlear implantation of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity16 . We outline the detection, diagnosis, and referral routes for our @entity1 . We provide an overview of our "standard operation procedures" regarding candidacy, and discuss some of the special considerations that need to be applied to @entity1 with @entity16 . This includes decisions to implant @entity1 with better audiometric thresholds that are standard in non- @entity16 @entity1 , concerns about the possibility of spontaneous remission and the appropriate timing of implantation. Finally we review an extensive published literature in outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in @entity16 . This is not a systematic review but rather an exercise to distill out some important reoccurring themes and the general consensus of opinion to date. Our conclusion is that the @entity393 category @entity16 , together with its numerous co-morbidities, is far too heterogeneous to make definitive statements about prognosis with CI.

title: XXXX ( @entity16 ) and cochlear implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder', 'ANSD']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We discuss issues related to cochlear implantation in @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity16 ). We describe the varied nature of this disease category including the numerous potential causes of @entity2167 . The most prevalent etiology for @entity1 with @entity16 is associated with prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We discuss the potential contribution of cochlear @entity519 to this etiology. The second part of this review describes in detail our own experience at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 in Toronto, with cochlear implantation of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity16 . We outline the detection, diagnosis, and referral routes for our @entity1 . We provide an overview of our "standard operation procedures" regarding candidacy, and discuss some of the special considerations that need to be applied to @entity1 with @entity16 . This includes decisions to implant @entity1 with better audiometric thresholds that are standard in non- @entity16 @entity1 , concerns about the possibility of spontaneous remission and the appropriate timing of implantation. Finally we review an extensive published literature in outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in @entity16 . This is not a systematic review but rather an exercise to distill out some important reoccurring themes and the general consensus of opinion to date. Our conclusion is that the @entity393 category @entity16 , together with its numerous co-morbidities, is far too heterogeneous to make definitive statements about prognosis with CI.

title: @entity16 ( XXXX ) and cochlear implantation.

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ANSD']


abstract: @entity291 @entity9187 , caused by @entity16451 , is a @entity4002 that is enzootic in many parts of the USA. Although Dermacentor andersoni, a major vector of A. marginale, occurs in Canada, the Canadian @entity291 herds are currently considered free of @entity291 @entity9187 . There have been two outbreaks of the disease in the province of Saskatchewan, but these have been linked to the importation of infected animals. However, the distribution of @entity291 @entity9187 may alter with range expansion of the vectors. The aim of the present study was to use molecular techniques to determine if Anaplasma were present in D. andersoni at a locality near its northeastern distributional limit in Saskatchewan. Nested PCR analyses of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were conducted on the total genomic DNA of 105 individual ticks. Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing of the 11 PCR-positive amplicons revealed the presence of three species of bacteria, none of which have been previously reported in D. andersoni. Although no ticks were infected with A. marginale, a novel genotype of A. bovis was detected in eight individuals. This discovery represents the first report of A. bovis in Canada. The potential implications of this finding with respect to @entity4409 and @entity9187 surveillance in Canada are discussed. The other two bacterial species detected were genetically similar to " @entity24515 " and Ignatzschineria larvae, the latter of which has been associated with @entity1 disease in Europe. Further investigations are needed to determine the prevalence, reservoir hosts, and pathogenicity of the Canadian genotype of A. bovis.

title: Novel genotypes of Anaplasma bovis, " XXXX Midichloria" sp. and Ignatzschineria sp. in the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity9187 :: ('MESH:D000712', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity24515 :: ('234827', 'Species') :: ['Candidatus Midichloria mitochondrii']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'bovine', 'Bovine']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

answer: @entity24515 :: (234827,Species) :: ['Candidatus']


abstract: Myocardial @entity82 is an important microscopic feature of @entity1121 . To determine whether @entity82 in @entity1121 and essential @entity101 differ in quality or quantity, and to determine whether @entity82 affects cardiac function directly, we measured the percentage of @entity82 in @entity1 of both categories and compared the severity of @entity82 with several cardiac functions. Left and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 25 @entity1 with essential @entity101 and in 19 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Interstitial @entity82 was classified into four different microscopic types, and the percentage of total and of each type was calculated using the point-counting method. Although the percentage of total @entity82 was similar between the two groups, the type of @entity82 was different. There was no correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the mean size of myocytes in either group. Although there was a significant correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the thickness of the interventricular septum in @entity1121 , such correlation was lacking in @entity101 . There was no correlation between the percentage of total @entity82 and the ejection fraction, cardiac index, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in either group. We concluded that the amount of myocardial @entity82 in @entity1121 is no greater than that in essential @entity101 , but the type of @entity82 is different. Furthermore, in subjects in whom the ejection fraction is normal or only slightly decreased, @entity82 does not influence global cardiac functions.

title: Quantitation of myocardial fibrosis and its relation to function in essential @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis', 'interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']