abstract: UNASSIGNED: The addition of antiangiogenic therapy to the standard-of-care treatment regimen for recurring @entity463 has provided some clinical benefits while also delineating numerous caveats, prompting evaluation of the elicited alterations to the @entity5 microenvironment. Of critical importance, given the steadily increasing incorporation of immunotherapeutic approaches clinically, is an enhanced understanding of the interplay between angiogenic and immune response pathways within @entity5 . In the present study, the GL261 @entity11 @entity19 model was used to determine the effects of antiangiogenic treatment in an immune-competent host. Following weekly systemic administration of aflibercept, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor, @entity5 volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and changes to the @entity5 microenvironment were determined. Treatment with aflibercept resulted in reduced @entity5 burden and increased survival compared with controls. Additionally, decreased vascular permeability and preservation of the integrity of tight junction proteins were observed. Treated @entity5 also displayed hallmarks of anti-angiogenic evasion, including marked upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and increased @entity5 invasiveness. Aflibercept was then administered in combination with a picornavirus-based antitumor vaccine and @entity5 progression was evaluated. This combination therapy significantly delayed @entity5 progression and extended survival beyond that observed for either therapy alone. As such, this work demonstrates the efficacy of combined antiangiogenic and immunotherapy approaches for treating established @entity11 and provides a foundation for further evaluation of the effects of antiangiogenic therapy in the context of endogenous or vaccine-induced @entity32 responses.

title: Improved Treatment Efficacy of Antiangiogenic Therapy when Combined with Picornavirus Vaccination in the GL261 XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3822 is a rare and disabling disease that can result in chronic fibrous thickening of the pericardium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes following treatment of @entity3822 by pericardiectomy. METHODS: Between September 1992 and May 2014, 47 @entity1 who underwent pericardiectomy for @entity3822 were retrospectively examined. Demographic, pre-, intra- and postoperative data and long-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty of the @entity1 were male, the mean age was 45.8        16.7. Aetiology of @entity3822 was @entity378 in 22 (46.8  %) @entity1 , idiopathic in 15 (31.9  %), @entity5 in 3 (6.4  %), prior cardiac surgery in 2 (4.3  %), @entity2348 in 2 (4.3  %), radiotherapy in 1 (2.1  %), uraemia in 1 (2.1  %) and post-traumatic in 1 (2.1  %). The surgical approach was achieved via a median sternotomy in all @entity1 except only 1 @entity1 . The mean operative time was 156.4        45.7  min. Improvement in functional status in 80  % of @entity1 ' at least one New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was observed. In-hospital mortality rate was 2.1  % (1 of 47 @entity1 ). The cause of @entity204 was @entity55 leading to progressive @entity1576 . The late mortality rate was 23.4  % (11 of 47 @entity1 ). The mean follow-up time was 61.2        66  months. The actuarial survival rates were 91  %, 85  % and 81  % at 1, 5 and 10  years, respectively. Recurrence requiring a repeat pericardiectomy was developed in no @entity1 during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Pericardiectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cases with @entity5 , diminished cardiac output, cases in need of reoperation are expected to have high mortality rates and less chance of functional recovery.

title: Long-term outcomes of pericardiectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'Constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['non-tuberculosis bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although most studies support the beneficial effects of @entity5834 on neurocognition, its effects have never been assessed in @entity146 @entity1 . In addition, results from studies in smokers are contradictory. Moreover, there are no data available about the neurocognitive effects of @entity5834 and @entity286 together. We explored the concomitant effects of regular @entity5834 and @entity286 intake on neurocognition in 52 @entity161 @entity1 and 61 healthy controls. Verbal fluency, processing speed, and working, @entity227 were assessed. For each measurement, two tasks with two levels of complexity were administered. Our results showed that @entity5834 intake had beneficial effects on male @entity161 @entity1 only in complex tasks requiring deeper cognitive processing (semantic fluency, @entity73 ). Female @entity1 and controls were unaffected. In contrast, smoking had a negative effect on male, but not on female, @entity161 @entity1 in semantic fluency. The effects of smoking in controls were inconsistent. In conclusion, our data showed, for the first time, beneficial effects of @entity5834 intake on neurocognition in male @entity161 @entity1 . These data suggest that further research of therapeutics based on @entity5834 is needed, as this could be beneficial for @entity161 @entity1 . In contrast, smoking appears to be detrimental.

title: Effects of @entity5834 intake and smoking on neurocognition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and verbal memory']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive speed, working memory, and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although most studies support the beneficial effects of @entity5834 on neurocognition, its effects have never been assessed in @entity146 @entity1 . In addition, results from studies in smokers are contradictory. Moreover, there are no data available about the neurocognitive effects of @entity5834 and @entity286 together. We explored the concomitant effects of regular @entity5834 and @entity286 intake on neurocognition in 52 @entity161 @entity1 and 61 healthy controls. Verbal fluency, processing speed, and working, @entity227 were assessed. For each measurement, two tasks with two levels of complexity were administered. Our results showed that @entity5834 intake had beneficial effects on male @entity161 @entity1 only in complex tasks requiring deeper cognitive processing (semantic fluency, @entity73 ). Female @entity1 and controls were unaffected. In contrast, smoking had a negative effect on male, but not on female, @entity161 @entity1 in semantic fluency. The effects of smoking in controls were inconsistent. In conclusion, our data showed, for the first time, beneficial effects of @entity5834 intake on neurocognition in male @entity161 @entity1 . These data suggest that further research of therapeutics based on @entity5834 is needed, as this could be beneficial for @entity161 @entity1 . In contrast, smoking appears to be detrimental.

title: Effects of XXXX intake and smoking on neurocognition in @entity161 .

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['caffeine']


abstract: The @entity19 bone marrow culture technique was used to prepare donor marrow for @entity236 minor histocompatibility complex differences. Previous studies have shown that theta-positive cells are rapidly lost from such cultures and that transplantation of cultured marrow across major histocompatibility complex differences results in a delay in the development of lethal @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). In this study, a total of 1 to 2 X 10(7) nonadherent cells (740 to 1560 CFUs [colony-forming units]) from three-day-old cultures were used as a source of donor marrow. Three strain combinations were evaluated; LP/J into C57BL/6; BIO.BR into CBA/J; and C57BL/6 into LP/J. Donor @entity19 were immunized with recipient spleen cells prior to culture in order to increase the graft-v-host response. For LP/J marrow into C57BL/6 @entity19 , 5 X 10(7) donor spleen cells transplanted along with the marrow were needed to induce lethal @entity2132 . However, lethal @entity2132 was seen without the addition of spleen cells for BIO.BR into CBA/J and C57BL/6 into LP/J strain combinations. Most animals receiving fresh marrow were dead of @entity2132 five weeks after transplantation. With the use of cultured marrow the three-month survival was 80%, 51%, and 93%, respectively, for LP/J into C57BL/6, BIO.BR into CBA/J, and C57BL/6 into LP/J strain combinations. Long-term donor engraftment in all recipient animals receiving cultured marrow was confirmed by analyzing hemoglobin polymorphisms between the strain combinations. These results demonstrate that in contrast to transplantation across major histocompatibility complex differences, the use of cultured cells for @entity236 minor histocompatibility complex differences allows for engraftment while reducing the risk of lethal @entity2132 .

title: Reduction of lethal graft-versus-host disease: transplantation of cultured XXXX bone marrow across minor histocompatibility differences.

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow transplantation across']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-v-host disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Numerous biological tests point to the diagnosis of food sensitization: detection of specific @entity20687 by Rast techniques, multi-detection assays, immunoblotting, screening of basophil activation (BAT or FAST), assays for leukotriene LTC4 release (CAST), measurement of plasma @entity112 , serum tryptase, serum ECP, urinary EDN, completed by @entity2656 - @entity11884 test evaluating intestinal permeability, assay of fecal @entity20687 , Rast for specific IgG4. Primary screening for anti-food @entity20687 by multi-detection assays seeks justification from insufficient clinical data and false positive tests are common in @entity1 sensitized to pollens or latex, on account of in vitro cross reactivities (CR). Multiple CR explain positive Rast to vegetal food allergens in such @entity1 . Biological tests should not be performed as the first line of diagnosis. In vivo sensitisation is assessed by positive prick-tests, demonstrating the bivalence of allergens, as well as the affinity of specific @entity20687 , two conditions necessary to bridge membrane bound specific @entity20687 , leading to the release of mediators. Prick-tests are closer to clinical symptoms than biological tests. However, the diagnosis of @entity5419 is based on standardised oral challenges. Exceptions are high levels of specific @entity20687 to egg (> 6 kUl/l), peanut (> 15 kUl/l), fish (> 20 kUl/l) and milk (> 32 kUl/l), reaching a 95% predictive positive value. Rast inhibition tests are useful to identify masked allergens in foods. Research developments will have impact on the development of new diagnostic tools: allergen mixes reinforcing a food extract by associated recombinant major allergens, multiple combination of recombinant allergens (chips) or tests with synthetic epitopes aimed a the prediction of recovery. Laboratory tests take place in the decision free for the diagnosis for the @entity5419 and the follow-up of the levels specific @entity20687 is a tool to assess outcome and contributes to predict recovery or persistent @entity566 . Up to now the significance of positive laboratory tests showing the implication of @entity20687 is at the crossroads of the allergist's and biologist's expertise.

title: Laboratory tests for diagnosis of XXXX : advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: @entity4878 have been shown to inhibit @entity5 growth in several model systems. In this paper evidence that immune effectors are important for this effect is discussed. Injection of @entity1968 (RA) into @entity19 before challenge with allogeneic or syngeneic @entity5 cells results in a strong increase in cell-mediated @entity137 specific for the respective @entity5 . This stimulation appears to be due to effects taking place before or during the induction phase rather than the effector phase of cell-mediated cytolysis. The effector cells responsible for @entity137 express the @entity3512 , are H-2 specific and are therefore T killer cells. The induction of T cell-mediated @entity137 requires the participation of the lymphokine interleukin 2 ( @entity2047 ). The possibility was tested that RA directly or indirectly influences the production of @entity2047 and thereby stimulates the induction of T killer cells. Results indeed show that RA-injected @entity19 display an increased capacity to produce @entity2047 upon stimulation of their splenocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. It appears therefore that RA has an effect on T cells that are destined to produce @entity2047 upon antigenic challenge. Since @entity2047 plays a role not only in the induction of specific cytotoxic T cells but also in the induction of natural killer (NK) cells, RA was also tested in a model system in which NK cells appear to play an important protective role. Results showed that split-dose irradiated @entity19 that lose their NK activity and subsequently develop @entity1778 can be protected from leukaemogenesis either by reconstitution with NK cells or by injection with RA. The question of whether this effect is due to stimulation of immune effectors or is a direct effect on the preleukaemic cells is discussed.

title: Immunostimulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1252 is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology with diverse clinical symptoms depending on the organ affected. Plasma of affected @entity1 contains a specific anticoagulant called @entity4555 . It is an antibody which belongs to the class of antiphospholipid antibodies which bind to phospolipid-binding proteins, molecules of natural coagulation inhibitors, thus increasing the risk of @entity715 . @entity1252 commonly affects the skin, joints, serosa, hematopoietic tissue, kidneys and the nervous system. Pulmonary symptoms may manifest as @entity5641 , @entity55 , chronic @entity358 , but @entity1151 is the most common pulmonary manifestation. CASE REPORT: This is a case report of a young female @entity1 who has been suffering from @entity1252 for twenty years. She was treated for superficial @entity2268 for several times. She was admitted to our hospital a year before, when she developed @entity1151 following @entity1150 of the right leg, although at that time she was treated by oral anticoagulants. She was discharged from hospital with vena cava filter placement and further anticoagulant treatment. In a one year period she was hospitalized again due to @entity1151 . DISCUSSION: @entity715 in @entity1252 are more frequent in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Prevention of @entity715 complications by anticoagulant agents in @entity1 who already developed @entity715 manifestations is considered necessary. CONCLUSION: Anticoagulant treatment should be, for preventive reasons, introduced in all @entity1 with a @entity262 and with anticoagulant factor, even if they haven't developed a @entity715 attack and they should undergo prothrombin time measurements and INR: 3-4.

title: [Pulmonary thromboembolism and XXXX in the antiphospholipid syndrome--case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'systemic lupus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['relapse pulmonary of thromboembolism', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: During a 14 year period, 22 @entity1 with stricture, acute @entity130 , and @entity5 were treated. Nine @entity1 had postintubation @entity6184 and underwent tracheal resection with good to excellent results. Six @entity1 had strictures after tracheostomy. In one @entity1 , @entity850 occurred after repair and repeated dilatation was necessary. He subsequently had to undergo repeat tracheostomy, but the tube was later removed and his symptoms disappeared. Our current preference for suture is either 3-0 @entity7502 or @entity6886 . Acute separation of the @entity825 can occur with @entity130 to the neck, either by garrotting or direct blunt force. The diagnosis is suspected when endotracheal intubation is impossible and a step off below the larynx and crepitation exists. Emergency tracheostomy is necessary, however, and primary repair can be delayed for up to 24 hours if other conditions require attention. Tracheal resection for @entity957 is possible, but only a small group of @entity1 may be surgical candidates.

title: Management of acute and chronic disorders of the XXXX and subglottis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: beta (0)- @entity2395 /Hb E in Southeast Asia varies greatly in severity, with hemoglobin levels ranging from 2.5 to 13.5 g/dl, averaging 7.7 g/dl. Results of systematic investigations to find out what determines different levels of severity are reviewed. Concomitant inheritance of @entity7723 significantly decreases the severity. Different degrees of severity in the majority of cases, however, is not due to @entity7723 . Concordance of hemoglobin levels among @entity1 who are sibs prevails, suggesting polygenic factor determinants. Potential factors ruled out as determinants for different levels of severity are discriminating fetal hemoglobin production, erythrocyte @entity224 dismutase activity, reticulo-endothelial function, and failure of erythropoiesis compensation. Red cell survival and globin synthesis studies indicate that different degrees of excess of alpha-chains leading to different red cell pathology and survival are responsible for variable severity. Degrees of excess of alpha-chains in this circumstance are probably mainly determined by erythrocyte proteolytic activity. The relationship between the hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte cytosol proteolytic activity in 15 beta(0) - @entity2395 /Hb E disease @entity1 in whom a deletional type of @entity7723 had been ruled out by DNA mapping is striking, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. This finding suggests that modulation of erythrocyte proteolysis is another approach for treatment of @entity2395 .

title: @entity2395 in southeast Asia: determination of different degrees of severity of anemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia', 'Thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: beta (0)- @entity2395 /Hb E in Southeast Asia varies greatly in severity, with hemoglobin levels ranging from 2.5 to 13.5 g/dl, averaging 7.7 g/dl. Results of systematic investigations to find out what determines different levels of severity are reviewed. Concomitant inheritance of @entity7723 significantly decreases the severity. Different degrees of severity in the majority of cases, however, is not due to @entity7723 . Concordance of hemoglobin levels among @entity1 who are sibs prevails, suggesting polygenic factor determinants. Potential factors ruled out as determinants for different levels of severity are discriminating fetal hemoglobin production, erythrocyte @entity224 dismutase activity, reticulo-endothelial function, and failure of erythropoiesis compensation. Red cell survival and globin synthesis studies indicate that different degrees of excess of alpha-chains leading to different red cell pathology and survival are responsible for variable severity. Degrees of excess of alpha-chains in this circumstance are probably mainly determined by erythrocyte proteolytic activity. The relationship between the hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte cytosol proteolytic activity in 15 beta(0) - @entity2395 /Hb E disease @entity1 in whom a deletional type of @entity7723 had been ruled out by DNA mapping is striking, with a correlation coefficient of 0.78. This finding suggests that modulation of erythrocyte proteolysis is another approach for treatment of @entity2395 .

title: XXXX in southeast Asia: determination of different degrees of severity of anemia in @entity2395 .

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['Thalassemia']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2778 in treating acute @entity955 and @entity5069 after open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/ @entity7306 combination. Forty adult @entity1 with postoperative @entity943 were randomised into either group 1 ( @entity2778 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later @entity7306 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10 hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 @entity1 reverted to sinus or junctional rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17 out of 20 @entity1 in group 1 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in group 2. Two @entity1 in group 1 developed transient @entity1168 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in one). None of 17 @entity1 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2 relapsed temporarily into @entity955 during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and five in group 2, and five @entity1 in group 2 had @entity7306 withdrawn because of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). @entity2778 was as effective as the digoxin/ @entity7306 combination and acted significantly faster. Sensitivity to beta blockade in these @entity1 may be related to high plasma @entity2922 concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Intravenous @entity2778 for the treatment of @entity955 and XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with @entity7306 and digoxin in a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity5069 :: (MESH:D054141,Disease) :: ['flutter']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2778 in treating acute @entity955 and @entity5069 after open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/ @entity7306 combination. Forty adult @entity1 with postoperative @entity943 were randomised into either group 1 ( @entity2778 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later @entity7306 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10 hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 @entity1 reverted to sinus or junctional rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17 out of 20 @entity1 in group 1 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in group 2. Two @entity1 in group 1 developed transient @entity1168 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in one). None of 17 @entity1 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2 relapsed temporarily into @entity955 during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and five in group 2, and five @entity1 in group 2 had @entity7306 withdrawn because of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). @entity2778 was as effective as the digoxin/ @entity7306 combination and acted significantly faster. Sensitivity to beta blockade in these @entity1 may be related to high plasma @entity2922 concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Intravenous @entity2778 for the treatment of XXXX and @entity5069 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with @entity7306 and digoxin in a randomised trial.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2778 in treating acute @entity955 and @entity5069 after open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/ @entity7306 combination. Forty adult @entity1 with postoperative @entity943 were randomised into either group 1 ( @entity2778 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later @entity7306 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10 hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 @entity1 reverted to sinus or junctional rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17 out of 20 @entity1 in group 1 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in group 2. Two @entity1 in group 1 developed transient @entity1168 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in one). None of 17 @entity1 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2 relapsed temporarily into @entity955 during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and five in group 2, and five @entity1 in group 2 had @entity7306 withdrawn because of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). @entity2778 was as effective as the digoxin/ @entity7306 combination and acted significantly faster. Sensitivity to beta blockade in these @entity1 may be related to high plasma @entity2922 concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Intravenous @entity2778 for the treatment of @entity955 and @entity5069 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with XXXX and digoxin in a randomised trial.

answer: @entity7306 :: (MESH:D004206,Chemical) :: ['disopyramide']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2778 in treating acute @entity955 and @entity5069 after open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/ @entity7306 combination. Forty adult @entity1 with postoperative @entity943 were randomised into either group 1 ( @entity2778 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later @entity7306 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10 hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 @entity1 reverted to sinus or junctional rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17 out of 20 @entity1 in group 1 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in group 2. Two @entity1 in group 1 developed transient @entity1168 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in one). None of 17 @entity1 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2 relapsed temporarily into @entity955 during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and five in group 2, and five @entity1 in group 2 had @entity7306 withdrawn because of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). @entity2778 was as effective as the digoxin/ @entity7306 combination and acted significantly faster. Sensitivity to beta blockade in these @entity1 may be related to high plasma @entity2922 concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Intravenous XXXX for the treatment of @entity955 and @entity5069 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with @entity7306 and digoxin in a randomised trial.

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify potential biomarkers that may provide new therapeutic targets or prognostic indicators for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), we investigated the three-dimensional (3D) organization of telomeres and cytoband 17q25.3 copy number in @entity1149 tissues. METHODS: @entity1149 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 18 @entity1 were assessed for 3D telomere organization by 3D nuclear telomere imaging followed by quantitative analysis. @entity1 were stratified by smoking, histology, and @entity470 status. Cytoband 17q25.3 was examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Data from comparative genomic hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for cytoband 17q25.3 were obtained and correlated with Q-FISH and 3D telomere results. RESULTS: 3D telomeric profiling demonstrated that the smokers, @entity470 -negative, and @entity957 subgroups tended to have higher numbers of lower-intensity telomeres, indicative of shorter telomeres, as well as higher numbers of @entity1423 compared to non-smokers, @entity470 -positive, and @entity420 , respectively. Gains of cytoband 17q25.3 in conjunction with an increase in the control region 17p11.2 were observed in 7 of 18 (38.9  %) @entity1 , reflecting a @entity1017 . Clonal gains of cytoband 17q25.3 were observed in 11 of 18 (61  %) @entity1 , highlighting a potential biological significance for the genes in this region in @entity1149 tumourigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D telomere profiles may differentiate @entity1149 @entity1 with different histologies, @entity470 , and smoking statuses, rendering them a potential biomarker for distinguishing these clinically relevant histological and molecular subtypes of @entity2 . Highly frequent clonal gain of cytoband 17q25.3 was also demonstrated, suggesting an important biological role for the genes in this region.

title: Assessment of the clinical relevance of 17q25.3 copy number and three-dimensional telomere organization in non-small XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['telomeric aggregations']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['gain of chromosome 17']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify potential biomarkers that may provide new therapeutic targets or prognostic indicators for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), we investigated the three-dimensional (3D) organization of telomeres and cytoband 17q25.3 copy number in @entity1149 tissues. METHODS: @entity1149 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 18 @entity1 were assessed for 3D telomere organization by 3D nuclear telomere imaging followed by quantitative analysis. @entity1 were stratified by smoking, histology, and @entity470 status. Cytoband 17q25.3 was examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Data from comparative genomic hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for cytoband 17q25.3 were obtained and correlated with Q-FISH and 3D telomere results. RESULTS: 3D telomeric profiling demonstrated that the smokers, @entity470 -negative, and @entity957 subgroups tended to have higher numbers of lower-intensity telomeres, indicative of shorter telomeres, as well as higher numbers of @entity1423 compared to non-smokers, @entity470 -positive, and @entity420 , respectively. Gains of cytoband 17q25.3 in conjunction with an increase in the control region 17p11.2 were observed in 7 of 18 (38.9  %) @entity1 , reflecting a @entity1017 . Clonal gains of cytoband 17q25.3 were observed in 11 of 18 (61  %) @entity1 , highlighting a potential biological significance for the genes in this region in @entity1149 tumourigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D telomere profiles may differentiate @entity1149 @entity1 with different histologies, @entity470 , and smoking statuses, rendering them a potential biomarker for distinguishing these clinically relevant histological and molecular subtypes of @entity2 . Highly frequent clonal gain of cytoband 17q25.3 was also demonstrated, suggesting an important biological role for the genes in this region.

title: Assessment of the clinical relevance of 17q25.3 copy number and three-dimensional telomere organization in non-small @entity2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous monitoring blood culture systems (CMBCS) now allow for more rapid detection of microbial growth. We aimed to determine whether a 36-hour period was sufficient to detect all blood cultures positive for pathogenic bacteria in @entity1 0 to 90 days old undergoing a septic workup in the emergency department of a tertiary care pediatric center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all positive blood cultures collected in these @entity1 over a 5-year time period (from March 13, 2008 to July 29, 2013). Bottles were incubated in a CMBCS. The @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was calculated from time of blood culture registration into the laboratory system to time of Gram stain. Medical charts were reviewed for relevant clinical information. Cultures were classified as pathogenic or contaminant using microorganism type and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred fifty-nine blood cultures were collected. Of these, 98 (2.8%) were positive. Fifty-two (53.1%) were deemed pathogenic and 46 (46.9%) were deemed contaminant, for a true prevalence of @entity2259 of 1.5%. At 24, 36, 48, and 50 hours, 87.8% (86 of 98), 96.9% (95 of 98), 99% (97 of 98), and 100% (98 of 98) of all cultures were positive. Considering only pathogenic organisms, 96.1% (50 of 52) and 100% (52 of 52) were positive at 24 and 36 hours. Mean @entity1054 for pathogens and contaminants was 14.40 and 23.18 hours, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: An incubation period of 36 hours is sufficient to detect 100% of blood cultures positive for a pathogenic organism in our population.

title: Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures in XXXX 0 to 90 Days Old Presenting to the Emergency Department: Is 36 Hours Enough?

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to positivity', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: Between 1981 and 1985 we carried out a study in two medium-sized nonteaching community hospitals to determine the rate of deterioration of knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among physicians and nurses, the accuracy of their perceptions of their knowledge and skills, the effects of practice on retention and the effect of CPR training on mortality. The @entity1 ' knowledge and skills were measured before training and immediately after, 6 months after and 12 months after training. Information on all attempts at CPR involving hospital staff was collected from medical records and from interviews with the @entity1 . A total of 31 physicians and 54 nurses were followed during the study. Six months after training there was no difference in CPR knowledge or skills between the physicians and the nurses. In both groups CPR skills had deteriorated to near pretraining levels. By 6 months the physicians' knowledge had deteriorated to a level not significantly different from that before training. The nurses maintained a significant improvement in knowledge test scores at 12 months over those before training (p = 0.037). The physicians had an accurate perception of their knowledge but not their skills 6 months and 12 months after training, whereas the nurses did not accurately perceive either their knowledge or their skills after training. Experience with CPR did not contribute to post-training knowledge or skills in either group. There was no evidence that @entity204 rates were lower when @entity402 ( @entity402 ) was begun by trained staff than when it was begun by untrained staff. The probability of survival was greater when @entity402 was begun within 4 minutes of arrest than when it was begun after 4 minutes, regardless of whether advanced cardiac life support was begun within 10 minutes.

title: Effects of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation on competence and XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['basic life support', 'BLS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: RATIONALE: First episode @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity161 exhibit increased rates of @entity835 use compared to the general population. Contrary to what has been reported in studies with healthy @entity1 , most of the published studies so far have reported no impairments or even beneficial effects on neurocognition associated with @entity835 consumption in @entity716 @entity1 . However, these studies did not address the effects of very high @entity835 consumption. OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to assess the effects on neurocognition of medium and heavy @entity835 consumption in first @entity716 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 74 @entity1 were included in the study and assigned to three different groups according to their mean @entity835 consumption during the last year (non-users, medium users, and heavy users). @entity1 were administered verbal memory and other neurocognitive tasks. RESULTS: Heavy @entity835 users were significantly impaired in all the verbal memory measures with respect to non-users, including immediate (p   =   .026), short-term (p   =   .005), and long-term (p   =   .002) memory. There were no significant differences between medium and non-users. Moreover, non-users performed better than all @entity835 users in the arithmetic task (p   =   .020). Heavy @entity835 consumption was associated with more commission errors in the continuous performance task (CPT) (p   =   .008) and more time to complete trail making test A (TMT-A) (p   =   .008), compared to the group of medium users. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy @entity835 consumption seems to impair verbal memory in first @entity716 @entity1 . Heavy users also perform worse than medium users in other neurocognitive tasks. Based on the results and the available evidence, a dose-related effect of @entity835 consumption is suggested.

title: Cannabis use and cognitive function in first episode XXXX : differential effect of heavy use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic episode']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: We describe the case of an elderly @entity1 whose symptoms and electrocardiographic pattern initially suggested acute @entity583 . The value for total serum @entity908 kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) was 737 U/L (reference interval: 22-269 U/L), and electrophoresis for CK isoenzymes demonstrated two bands, the more anodal migrating to the CK-MB region and the second migrating between the CK-MB and CK-MM regions. The above-normal total CK and electrophoretic pattern persisted during her 11-day hospital course. The QuiCK-MB (International Immunoassay Labs.) and Tandem-E CK-MB (Hybritech) immunoassays, however, showed CK-MB mass measurements within the normal range. In further investigation with a mixture of patient's serum and human-serum-based control containing all CK isoenzymes, the electrophoretic mobility of only @entity9055 was altered, proving that the patient had antibody to the B unit of CK in her serum. Immunofixation revealed the more anodal band to be a CK-IgA lambda complex, and the more cathodal band, a CK-IgG kappa complex. Mixing the patient's serum with polyclonal antibody specific for @entity9055 slowed the electrophoretic mobility of only the more anodal band. Polyclonal antibody specific for @entity16410 had no effect on either band. Evidently, this @entity1 had two different types of macro CK type 1, both containing @entity9055 . We conclude that macro CK type 1 can mimic CK-MB and be a source of @entity911 .

title: Macro XXXX kinase type 1 with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the MB isoenzyme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity302 surgery is increasingly used to treat @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 . This study investigates the aetiology and @entity410 outcome in Danish @entity1 operated between 1996 and 2010. METHODS: Retrospectively collected data on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses, surgical procedures and @entity410 outcomes classified according to the Engel Classification were used. Changes over time grouped as 1996-2000, 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 95 @entity1 underwent @entity302 surgery. Sixty-three operations were performed in Denmark and 50 abroad. In all, 14 @entity1 needed reoperation. The median follow-up period was four years. At the latest follow-up, Engel class I (indicating no disabling @entity410 ) was found in 67% of the @entity1 . @entity6795 , @entity3877 and @entity5 were the most common MRI findings. The percentage of @entity5 operated decreased over time, and frontal lobe resections increased. In the 2006-2010 period, resections with normal MRI were performed, resulting in a less favourable Engel outcome. Persistent, unexpected complications were seen in three of 113 operations. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 who undergo @entity302 surgery have a good, worthwhile @entity410 outcome. The @entity410 outcome for Danish @entity1 corresponds to that of other @entity302 surgery centres. The clinical criteria for selection of @entity1 changed over time. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Danish Data Protection Agency approved the project with record number: 2013-41-2459.

title: Danish experience with paediatric XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 cell @entity3 is the primary cause of @entity1 @entity204 . Thus, various treatment strategies have been developed to prevent @entity3 . @entity15174 (AA) is an organic compound commonly found in trees. This study is aimed to investigate the antimetastatic activity of AA in B16F10-xenografted C57BL/6 @entity19 and assess the anticancer activity of AA in combination with @entity1311 in @entity320 cells. AA effectively reduced the formation of lung metastases by approximately 92.8%. AA treatment inhibited migratory potential ([Formula: see text]), invasion ([Formula: see text]), and motility ([Formula: see text]) of highly metastatic @entity19 @entity320 cells in vitro. Zymography revealed that AA reduced the proteinase activities of @entity5780 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Molecular analyses showed that AA reduced Akt phosphorylation and activating protein-1 DNA-binding activity by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. In summary, AA effectively inhibited B16F10 lung @entity3 , and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M AA did not affect the viability of @entity19 cells. AA improved the efficacy of @entity1311 and demonstrated strong anticancer activity on @entity320 cells. These results suggested that AA could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.

title: The Inhibitory Effect of XXXX on Melanoma Cancer @entity3 and Invasiveness In vitro and In vivo.

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity15174 :: ('MESH:C023710', 'Chemical') :: ['Abietic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity15174 :: (MESH:C023710,Chemical) :: ['Abietic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 cell @entity3 is the primary cause of @entity1 @entity204 . Thus, various treatment strategies have been developed to prevent @entity3 . @entity15174 (AA) is an organic compound commonly found in trees. This study is aimed to investigate the antimetastatic activity of AA in B16F10-xenografted C57BL/6 @entity19 and assess the anticancer activity of AA in combination with @entity1311 in @entity320 cells. AA effectively reduced the formation of lung metastases by approximately 92.8%. AA treatment inhibited migratory potential ([Formula: see text]), invasion ([Formula: see text]), and motility ([Formula: see text]) of highly metastatic @entity19 @entity320 cells in vitro. Zymography revealed that AA reduced the proteinase activities of @entity5780 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Molecular analyses showed that AA reduced Akt phosphorylation and activating protein-1 DNA-binding activity by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. In summary, AA effectively inhibited B16F10 lung @entity3 , and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M AA did not affect the viability of @entity19 cells. AA improved the efficacy of @entity1311 and demonstrated strong anticancer activity on @entity320 cells. These results suggested that AA could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.

title: The Inhibitory Effect of @entity15174 on Melanoma Cancer XXXX and Invasiveness In vitro and In vivo.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: The left ventricular response to upright bicycle exercise was studied in 39 unselected, non-beta blocked @entity1 (mean(SEM) age 54.2(1.7)yr) (mean(SEM) resting ejection fraction 41.9(2.3)%) 8-10 weeks after @entity583 . Nine healthy, age matched, sedentary adult @entity1 were studied for comparison (mean(SEM) age 49.8(0.9)yr). The @entity64 volume and cardiac output were measured by impedance cardiography at rest and after each 3 min workload until symptom limited maximum. The @entity1 were separated into three groups based on @entity64 volume response to graded exercise. Group 1 (n = 14) had a normal @entity64 volume response to increasing heart rate. In group 2 (n = 13) @entity64 volume increased initially then decreased by greater than 15% at a heart rate greater than 100-105 beats. @entity1009 . In group 3 (n = 12) @entity64 volume failed to increase during exercise. In group 1 cardiac output and mean arterial pressure increased whereas vascular resistance decreased during exercise in a normal fashion. Group 2 had an increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance throughout exercise while heart rate increased in a similar fashion to group 1 until work of greater than 70 W was undertaken, at which time heart rate increased in a curvilinear fashion and cardiac output was attenuated. Group 3 had an @entity998 and a higher heart rate during exercise. In this group of @entity1 systemic vascular resistance failed to decrease normally during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response to upright exercise after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated cardiac output']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Since 1978, 41 @entity1 (12 percent of all restorative operations) have undergone peranal coloanal reconstruction following anterior resection (LAR) for @entity5 of the midrectum. Twenty-seven @entity1 (66 percent) were @entity1 and 14 @entity1 (34 percent) were @entity1 (mean, 58.8 years). The mean distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge was 6.7 cm and 50 percent of the primary @entity5 were considered highly mobile. In 29 @entity1 , a hand-sewn @entity254 was performed between the colon and the dentate line. In the 12 most recent @entity1 , the @entity254 was performed using a circular stapling instrument. A diverting colostomy should be employed in all cases and is closed approximately three months later. There has been no operative mortality. Morbidity included anastomotic separation (two @entity1 ), minor anastomotic defects (three @entity1 ), @entity530 (two @entity1 ), and @entity2259 of unknown origin (two @entity1 ). Where fecal diversion was employed, there were no instances of @entity834 . Two @entity1 with @entity548 were returned to the operating room. Thirty-seven of the 41 @entity1 underwent curative resections. Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 had @entity75 . With a median follow-up of 31 months for the curative resections, 73 percent remain free of disease. Sixty-four percent of evaluable @entity1 have either excellent or good anorectal function nine to 12 months after colostomy closure. Of 26 operations performed by one surgeon, 22 @entity1 (85 percent) are currently evaluable. Nineteen (86 percent) of the 22 have normal or near-normal bowel function. Four guidelines for performing a functionally successful operation are presented. Coloanal reconstruction following LAR, were pull-through operations were previously required, is an excellent sphincter-preserving operation. The functional results one year after the operation are gratifying, with the majority of @entity1 leading an active life with normal bowel function.

title: Peranal coloanal XXXX following low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C lesions"]

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many migrants face adverse socioeconomic conditions and barriers to health services that can impair timely @entity645 diagnosis and access to life-saving treatments. We aimed to assess the differences in overall mortality by geographical origin in @entity645 -positive @entity1 and @entity1 using data from COHERE, a large European collaboration of @entity645 cohorts from 1997 to 2013. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we included HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive @entity1 accessing care in western Europe from COHERE. Individuals were eligible if enrolled in a cohort that collected information on geographical origin or ethnic origin from Jan 1, 1997, to March 19, 2013, aged 18-75 years, they had available information about sex, they were not infected perinatally or after the receipt of clotting factor concentrates, and were naive to combination antiretroviral therapy at cohort entry. Migrants' origins were grouped into seven regions: western Europe and similar countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA); eastern Europe; North Africa and the Middle East; sub-Saharan Africa; Latin America; the Caribbean; and Asia and the rest of Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Crude and adjusted mortality rate ratios were calculated by use of Poisson regression stratified by sex, comparing each group with the native population. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to account for missing values. FINDINGS: Between Oct 25, 1979, and March 19, 2013, we recruited 279   659 individuals to the COHERE collaboration in EuroCoord. Of these 123   344 @entity1 and 45   877 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Our data suggested effect modification by transmission route (pinteraction=0  12 for @entity1 ; pinteraction=0  002 for @entity1 ). No significant difference in mortality was identified by geographical origin in @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 . In heterosexual populations, most migrant @entity1 had mortality lower than or equal to that of native @entity1 , whereas no group of migrant @entity1 had mortality lower than that in native @entity1 . High mortality was identified in heterosexual @entity1 from Latin America (rate ratio [RR] 1  46, 95% CI 1  00-2  12, p=0  049) and heterosexual @entity1 from the Caribbean (1  48, 1  29-1  70, p<0  0001). Compared with that in the native population, mortality in injecting drug users was similar or low for all migrant groups. INTERPRETATION: Characteristics of and risks faced by migrant populations with @entity645 differ for @entity1 and @entity1 and for populations infected heterosexually, by sex between @entity1 , or by injecting drug use. Further research is needed to understand how inequalities are generated and maintained for the groups with higher mortality identified in this study. FUNDING: EuroCoord.

title: Mortality in migrants living with XXXX in western Europe (1997-2013): a collaborative cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent @entity311 parasite, @entity501 , have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on @entity1324 -fixed infected @entity19 erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) @entity5209 demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after @entity281 erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either @entity1324 -fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

title: An antigen of XXXX that translocates into the @entity19 erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of schizont-infected']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole", 'DAPI']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity501 :: (5861,Species) :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent @entity311 parasite, @entity501 , have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on @entity1324 -fixed infected @entity19 erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) @entity5209 demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after @entity281 erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either @entity1324 -fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

title: An antigen of @entity501 that translocates into the XXXX erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 22 ambulatory and 10 institutionalised @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and 22 age-matched controls were assayed nephelometrically for concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, @entity2104 , @entity69 , prealbumin and albumin. The CSF/serum ratio and index were calculated for each protein. In the CSF of ambulatory patients IgG, @entity69 and albumin were elevated while the institutionalised @entity1 had higher IgG and IgA levels compared to the controls. The CSF @entity2104 was elevated in institutionalised @entity195 @entity1 compared to those who were ambulatory. The CSF/serum ratio for albumin was elevated in both groups. An increase in the IgG ratio was also found in both groups. The ratios for @entity2104 and prealbumin were markedly increased in the institutionalised @entity1 . CSF indices gave no evidence for increased intrathecal synthesis of any of the proteins investigated. The increased CSF/serum ratios for IgG and albumin and also the higher CSF albumin in @entity1 with @entity195 suggest an increased blood-brain barrier permeability in this disease. The high prealbumin ratio may be related to amyloidogenesis often present in @entity195 .

title: CSF in XXXX . Studies on blood-brain barrier function and intrathecal protein synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign @entity2275 is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . The objective of this study was to monitor @entity1066 and symptom relief in 38 @entity1 with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with @entity4444 (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an @entity3775 - @entity1760 containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the @entity1 ' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female @entity1 ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the @entity1 had taken @entity4444 in the previous month, and none abused @entity167 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the @entity1 were smokers. Five @entity1 in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued @entity158 , noncompliance, and side effects. All @entity1 in the @entity4444 group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the @entity4444 -treated @entity1 in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week @entity1066 between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the @entity4444 group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to @entity4444 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but @entity1066 was superior using @entity4444 .

title: Comparative study of XXXX and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign @entity2275 is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . The objective of this study was to monitor @entity1066 and symptom relief in 38 @entity1 with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with @entity4444 (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an @entity3775 - @entity1760 containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the @entity1 ' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female @entity1 ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the @entity1 had taken @entity4444 in the previous month, and none abused @entity167 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the @entity1 were smokers. Five @entity1 in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued @entity158 , noncompliance, and side effects. All @entity1 in the @entity4444 group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the @entity4444 -treated @entity1 in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week @entity1066 between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the @entity4444 group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to @entity4444 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but @entity1066 was superior using @entity4444 .

title: Comparative study of @entity4444 and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: Power toothbrushes can offer significant advantages over a manual toothbrush both with respect to plaque removal and compliance. Most studies have, however, been carried out with adult toothbrushes in adult populations. Less is known about the efficacy of @entity1 's power toothbrushes, although it is likely that similar advantages will be demonstrated. This practice based study used the @entity5922 ( @entity5922 ) component of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index to compare baseline oral hygiene with results after 2 months of using the Braun Oral-B Kids' Power Toothbrush ( @entity26916 ). The study involved 13 dental offices and a total of 154 @entity1 aged 4 to 9 years. For all sites (facial and lingual), using the @entity26916 for 2 months resulted in an approximately 40% reduction in the @entity5922 . Questionnaires completed by the parents or guardians, the @entity1 , and the dentists indicated a very favorable response to the power toothbrush. Both parents and @entity1 preferred the @entity26916 to a manual toothbrush and most said they would continue to use it. The fact that @entity1 found the @entity26916 fun to use may well aid compliance. Dentists thought that the @entity26916 was effective and, at the end of the study, most said that they would now recommend a power toothbrush. It is concluded from the results of this practice based study that the @entity26916 can help to reduce plaque levels in a population of @entity1 who previously relied on a manual toothbrush. The fact that the @entity26916 is appealing to @entity1 and fun to use should aid compliance with long-term oral hygiene.

title: A practice based study of a XXXX 's power toothbrush: efficacy and acceptance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5922 :: ('MESH:C536356', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'Debris Index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As the benefit of clinical breast examination (CBE) over that of screening mammography alone in reducing @entity0 mortality is uncertain, it is informative to monitor its contribution to interim measures of effectiveness of a screening programme. Here, the contribution of CBE to screening mammography in the early detection of @entity0 was evaluated. SETTING: Four Canadian organised @entity0 screening programmes. METHODS: @entity1 aged 50-69 receiving dual screening (CBE and mammography) (n = 300,303) between 1996 and 1998 were followed up between screen and diagnosis. Outcomes assessed by mode of detection (CBE alone, mammography alone, or both CBE and mammography) included referral rate, positive predictive value, pathological features of @entity5 (size, nodal status, morphology), and @entity5 detection rates overall and for small @entity5 (< or = 10 mm or node-negative). Heterogeneity in findings across programmes was also assessed. RESULTS: On first versus subsequent screen, CBE alone resulted in 28.5-36.7% of referrals, and 4.6-5.9% of @entity5 compared with 52.6-60.1% of referrals and 60.0-64.3% of @entity5 for mammography alone. Among @entity5 detected by CBE, 83.6-88.6% were also detected by mammography, whereas for mammographically detected @entity5 only 31.7-37.2% were also detected by CBE. On average, CBE increased the rate of detection of small invasive @entity5 by 2-6% over rates if mammography was the sole detection method. Without CBE, programmes would be missing three @entity5 for every 10,000 screens and 3-10 small invasive @entity5 in every 100,000 screens. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of CBE in an organised programme contributes minimally to early detection.

title: Contribution of clinical breast examination to mammography screening in the early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A lumbar laminectomy is a common and routine operation. Damage to abdominal vascular structures during surgery is a relatively infrequent complication; however, when it does occur, it is sudden and life-threatening. We herein report on 2 cases of @entity1317 which occurred during lumbar microdiscectomies. The first case was a 34-year-old @entity1 . A bloody surgical field was noted 45 min into the operation along with an increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. After fluid resuscitation and an ephedrine injection, his vital signs stabilized. The @entity1 was then sent to the surgical intensive care unit for observation. An emergent abdominal computer tomography scan revealed @entity1410 , and an urgent exploratory laparotomy was performed to check for bleeding and to remove the @entity1410 . The second case was a 61-year-old @entity1 with recurrent disc herniation. The operation was proceeding smoothly for 90 min, when a large amount of fresh blood suddenly gushed out. Her blood pressure immediately dropped to that of a state of shock. The @entity1 was turned back to a supine position, and an emergent laparotomy was done to repair the injured vessels. Both @entity1 had uneventful recoveries.

title: XXXX during a lumbar laminectomy.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['right retroperitoneal hematoma', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Vascular injury']


abstract: Esterases, hydrolases which split @entity13507 bonds, hydrolyse a number of compounds used as drugs in @entity1 . The enzymes involved are classified broadly as cholinesterases (including acetylcholinesterase), carboxylesterases, and arylesterases, but apart from acetylcholinesterase, their biological function is unknown. The acetylcholinesterase present in nerve endings involved in neurotransmission is inhibited by anticholinesterase drugs, e.g. @entity1339 , and by organophosphorous compounds (mainly insecticides). Cholinesterases are primarily involved in drug hydrolysis in the plasma, arylesterases in the plasma and red blood cells, and carboxylesterases in the liver, gut and other tissues. The esterases exhibit specificities for certain substrates and inhibitors but a drug is often hydrolysed by more than one esterase at different sites. @entity117 ( @entity117 ), for example, is hydrolysed to @entity2697 by carboxylesterases in the liver during the first-pass. Only 60% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation where it is hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases and albumin and red blood cell arylesterases. Thus, the concentration of @entity117 relative to @entity2697 in the circulation may be affected by individual variation in esterase levels and the relative roles of the different esterases, and this may influence the overall pharmacological effect. Other drugs have been less extensively investigated than @entity117 and these include @entity4521 ( @entity4521 ), @entity2900 ( @entity2900 ), @entity12880 , @entity5012 , @entity8162 and other local anaesthetics. Ester prodrugs are widely used to improve absorption of drugs and in depot preparations. The active drug is released by hydrolysis by tissue carboxylesterases. Individual differences in esterase activity may be genetically determined, as is the case with atypical cholinesterases and the polymorphic distribution of serum paraoxonase and red blood cell @entity5940 . Disease states may also alter esterase activity.

title: Clinical significance of esterases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['diacetylmorphine', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine', 'suxamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The role of neuroendocrine responsiveness in the development of orthostatic intolerance after bed rest was studied in physically fit subjects. Head-down bed-rest (HDBR, -6 degrees, 4 days) was performed in 15 @entity1 after 6 weeks of aerobic training. The standing test was performed before, after training and on day 4 of the HDBR. Orthostatic intolerance was observed in one subject before and after training. The blood pressure response after training was enhanced (mean BP increments 18+/-2 vs. 13+/- 2 mm Hg, p<0.05, means +/- S.E.M.), although @entity1063 response was diminished (1.38+/-0.18 vs. 2.76+/-0.25 mol.l(-1), p<0.01). Orthostatic intolerance after HDBR was observed in 10 subjects, the BP response was blunted, and @entity1063 as well as plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) responses were augmented (NA 3.10+/-0.33 mol.l(-1), p<0.001; PRA 2.98+/-1.12 vs. 0.85+/-0.15 ng.ml(-1), p<0.05). Plasma @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity1369 responses in orthostatic intolerant subjects were similar to the tolerant group. We conclude that six weeks of training attenuated the sympathetic response to standing and had no effect on the orthostatic tolerance. In orthostatic intolerance the BP response induced by subsequent HDBR was absent despite an enhanced sympathetic response.

title: Effect of head-down bed rest on the neuroendocrine response to orthostatic stress in physically fit XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity1 with reflux- @entity7552 is unclear. We performed a placebo-controlled crossover trial in @entity1 with @entity354 and @entity7552 to determine the effect of @entity10112 and to gain information on the natural course of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive non-smoking @entity1 with hoarseness and @entity7552 were examined. Scores with respect to the larynx and for subjective complaints were determined and 24-h pH-metry to assess acid reflux in the lower oesophagus and pharynx was performed. @entity1 with pathologic reflux were given the chance to enter a double-blinded randomized crossover trial with @entity10112 40 mg b.i.d. and placebo for a duration of 3 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 62 @entity1 showed pathological reflux; 21 @entity1 were included in the study and 14 concluded all parts of the study. Both @entity10112 and placebo resulted in a marked improvement in @entity7552 scores (decrease of 8.0 +/- 1.4 versus 5.6 +/- 2.6; no significant difference between the 2 treatments) and symptoms after the first 3 months (decrease of oesophageal symptom score of 2.2 +/- 1.4 versus 5.4 +/- 2.8; decrease of laryngeal scores of 8.3 +/- 3.6 versus 10.3 +/- 3.9; also no significant difference between the 2 treatments). A second pH-metry 2 weeks thereafter proved the persistence of reflux in most of these @entity1 . Switching to @entity10112 led to a further improvement of scores. In the group switched to placebo there was recurrence only in a minority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-limited nature of reflux- @entity7552 in non-smokers is largely underestimated. @entity7552 improves despite the persistence of reflux. @entity10112 may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.

title: Effect of @entity10112 on the course of reflux- XXXX : a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['proven laryngitis', 'laryngitis', 'Laryngitis', 'associated laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['Pantoprazole', 'pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['proven reflux disease']

answer: @entity7552 :: (MESH:D007827,Disease) :: ['associated laryngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity1 with reflux- @entity7552 is unclear. We performed a placebo-controlled crossover trial in @entity1 with @entity354 and @entity7552 to determine the effect of @entity10112 and to gain information on the natural course of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive non-smoking @entity1 with hoarseness and @entity7552 were examined. Scores with respect to the larynx and for subjective complaints were determined and 24-h pH-metry to assess acid reflux in the lower oesophagus and pharynx was performed. @entity1 with pathologic reflux were given the chance to enter a double-blinded randomized crossover trial with @entity10112 40 mg b.i.d. and placebo for a duration of 3 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 62 @entity1 showed pathological reflux; 21 @entity1 were included in the study and 14 concluded all parts of the study. Both @entity10112 and placebo resulted in a marked improvement in @entity7552 scores (decrease of 8.0 +/- 1.4 versus 5.6 +/- 2.6; no significant difference between the 2 treatments) and symptoms after the first 3 months (decrease of oesophageal symptom score of 2.2 +/- 1.4 versus 5.4 +/- 2.8; decrease of laryngeal scores of 8.3 +/- 3.6 versus 10.3 +/- 3.9; also no significant difference between the 2 treatments). A second pH-metry 2 weeks thereafter proved the persistence of reflux in most of these @entity1 . Switching to @entity10112 led to a further improvement of scores. In the group switched to placebo there was recurrence only in a minority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-limited nature of reflux- @entity7552 in non-smokers is largely underestimated. @entity7552 improves despite the persistence of reflux. @entity10112 may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.

title: Effect of XXXX on the course of reflux- @entity7552 : a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.

answer: @entity10112 :: (MESH:C064276,Chemical) :: ['pantoprazole']


abstract: The authors report a 11-year-old @entity1 with a huge intraspinal malignant @entity44 associated with spinal @entity145 . At seven year of age, @entity5 was diagnosed and the @entity1 received radiation therapy for @entity5 bed with total dose of 4,225 rads. As the result, marked decrease of the size of @entity5 was seen by follow-up CT scan. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level were at 51ng/ml and 31IU/l when total dose of 2,000 rads were over, and they decreased to 3ng/ml and 6.6IU/l at the dose of 4,225 rads respectively. The histology of the @entity5 was unverified. She was discharged without any @entity51 . For next 24 months, she received intrathecal administration of @entity1499 by repeated lumber puncture in 14 times. She remained intact neurologically. At eleven years of age, four years later, she started complaining of the right leg @entity158 . On the examination, @entity1183 in the L distribution and stiff neck with positive straight leg raising test were observed. Urinary and bowel function were intact. CT scan of the head revealed @entity41 but the size of the @entity5 was unchanged. Myelography showed complete block at the level of L. Laminectomy at L was performed and brownish cyst was found in the intradural space. Aspiration of cyst content and cyst wall resection were carried out. Histology of the cyst membrane was arachnoid and spinal @entity145 was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful until 13th postoperative day, when acute progressive paraparesis and @entity1183 were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A huge intraspinal teratocarcinoma associated with an XXXX in a @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness of bilateral toes', 'hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual of the suprasellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'suprasellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst']


abstract: The authors report a 11-year-old @entity1 with a huge intraspinal malignant @entity44 associated with spinal @entity145 . At seven year of age, @entity5 was diagnosed and the @entity1 received radiation therapy for @entity5 bed with total dose of 4,225 rads. As the result, marked decrease of the size of @entity5 was seen by follow-up CT scan. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level were at 51ng/ml and 31IU/l when total dose of 2,000 rads were over, and they decreased to 3ng/ml and 6.6IU/l at the dose of 4,225 rads respectively. The histology of the @entity5 was unverified. She was discharged without any @entity51 . For next 24 months, she received intrathecal administration of @entity1499 by repeated lumber puncture in 14 times. She remained intact neurologically. At eleven years of age, four years later, she started complaining of the right leg @entity158 . On the examination, @entity1183 in the L distribution and stiff neck with positive straight leg raising test were observed. Urinary and bowel function were intact. CT scan of the head revealed @entity41 but the size of the @entity5 was unchanged. Myelography showed complete block at the level of L. Laminectomy at L was performed and brownish cyst was found in the intradural space. Aspiration of cyst content and cyst wall resection were carried out. Histology of the cyst membrane was arachnoid and spinal @entity145 was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful until 13th postoperative day, when acute progressive paraparesis and @entity1183 were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A huge intraspinal teratocarcinoma associated with an @entity145 in a XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11448 in adults has been reintroduced into the differential diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism by the description of 'noninsulinoma @entity751 (NIPHS)'. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic specimens of all adult @entity1 (n = 66) operated on for organic hyperinsulinism were re-examined. Five @entity1 fulfilled the histomorphological criteria of @entity11448 . Retrospective review of clinical presentation, results of 72-h fasts, intravenous @entity11243 tolerance tests, pre- and intraoperative localization studies and surgical therapy was performed. RESULTS: In contrast to NIPHS, fasting tests became positive after 8-14 h. @entity11243 tests were positive and preoperative imaging showed negative results in all @entity1 . At first operation distal pancreatic resections were performed in three @entity1 , resection of the pancreatic body in one @entity1 and biopsy of the pancreatic tail in one @entity1 . Two of three @entity1 with recurrent disease had to be reoperated. One @entity1 showed a coexistence of @entity11448 and @entity9608 and is part of a kindred with autosomal dominantly inherited 'familial islet-cell @entity11449 '. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical exploration is indicated only after thorough biochemical diagnosis. An aggressive strategy for preoperative localization including selective arterial @entity460 stimulation testing seems justified. There may be a combination of @entity11448 and @entity5 . A link between beta-cell @entity1373 and progression to @entity9608 based on not yet known genetic causes can be suspected.

title: XXXX in adults: a challenging cause of organic hyperinsulinism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11448 :: ('MESH:D046768', 'Disease') :: ['nesidioblastosis', 'Nesidioblastosis']

entities_list: @entity11449 :: ('MESH:D018255', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatosis']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['multiple small insulinomas', 'insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumours']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['Tolbutamide', 'tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity11448 :: (MESH:D046768,Disease) :: ['Nesidioblastosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity158 in the pre-hospital setting is often inadequate. In 2011, ambulance personnel were authorized to administer intravenous @entity3575 in the Central Denmark Region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity3575 administered by ambulance personnel. METHODS: Pre-hospital medical charts from 2348 adults treated with intravenous @entity3575 by ambulance personnel during a 6-month period were reviewed. The primary outcome was the change in @entity158 intensity on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from before @entity3575 treatment to hospital arrival. Secondary outcomes included the number of @entity1 with reduction in @entity158 intensity during transport (NRS >=  2), the number of @entity1 with NRS > 3 at hospital arrival, and potential @entity3575 -related side effects. RESULTS: @entity3575 reduced @entity158 from before treatment (8, IQR 7-9) to hospital arrival (4, IQR 3-6) (NRS reduction: 3, IQR 2-5; P = 0.001), 79.3% of all @entity1 had a reduction in > 2 on the NRS during transport, and 58.4% of @entity1 experienced @entity158 at hospital arrival (NRS > 3). Twenty-one @entity1 (0.9%) had @entity26 saturation < 90%. A decrease in Glasgow @entity772 Scale was seen in 31 @entity1 (1.3%) and @entity551 observed in 71 @entity1 (3.0%). CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity3575 caused clinically meaningful @entity158 reduction in most @entity1 and was safe in the hands of ambulance personnel. Many @entity1 had moderate to severe @entity158 at hospital arrival. As the protocol allowed higher doses of @entity3575 , feedback on effect and safety should be part of continuous education of ambulance personnel.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous XXXX administered by ambulance personnel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: As limited-control @entity235 parks become more popular, concerns arise about whether these parks encourage @entity146 . Systematic observations made at 1 park over 72 hr across 8 months found that 28 conflicts or potential conflicts occurred (< 0.5%). Of these, 14 were @entity146 episodes. Each lasted less than 1 min (< 0.33% of total observation time). There were 14 other incidents of possible @entity146 that were ambiguous in nature. Each lasted less than 30 sec (< 0.17%). None of these incidents led to @entity130 . Of the 177 @entity235 observed, only 9 were aggressive toward other @entity235 (5%): 6 aggressors, once each; 2 aggressors, twice each; 1 aggressor, 3 times. Results indicate that @entity146 in limited-control @entity235 parks may be relatively rare and probably presents only a limited risk to @entity235 and their caregivers (owners). In part, this may be because owners who frequent @entity235 parks are self-selecting, self-monitoring, and self-limiting in regard to @entity235 @entity146 .

title: "Bark parks"--a study on XXXX in a limited-control environment.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serious injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'clear aggressive', 'interdog aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['interdog aggression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial feeding by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube in @entity1 with @entity303 has increased since the introduction of the endoscopic method of tube placement. Few studies have documented survival benefit from this intervention. This report reviews our experience with @entity970 tube placement for feeding @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: All consultations for @entity970 tube placement were evaluated by a certified nutrition support nurse (L.M.M.) in consultation with a member of the gastroenterology physician staff (T.O.L.) for 24 months. Evaluation included the attainment of a brief medical history, a physical examination, and a review of comorbid conditions, laboratory variables for nutrition status, and @entity548 risk. Interviews with @entity1 or surrogates were conducted, including an explanation of the risks and benefits of @entity970 tube placement. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the median survival between @entity1 with @entity303 who received a @entity970 tube and @entity1 with @entity303 in whom @entity970 tube placement was refused. RESULTS: We received 41 consultations for @entity970 tube placement in @entity1 with @entity303 . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 23 @entity1 ; 18 @entity1 met the medical criteria for @entity970 tube placement, but surrogates refused placement. The median survival for the 23 @entity1 who underwent @entity970 was 59 days; the median survival for the 18 @entity1 who did not undergo @entity970 was 60 days. CONCLUSION: There seems to be no survival benefit in @entity1 with @entity303 who receive artificial feeding by a @entity970 tube.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial feeding by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) tube in @entity1 with @entity303 has increased since the introduction of the endoscopic method of tube placement. Few studies have documented survival benefit from this intervention. This report reviews our experience with @entity970 tube placement for feeding @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: All consultations for @entity970 tube placement were evaluated by a certified nutrition support nurse (L.M.M.) in consultation with a member of the gastroenterology physician staff (T.O.L.) for 24 months. Evaluation included the attainment of a brief medical history, a physical examination, and a review of comorbid conditions, laboratory variables for nutrition status, and @entity548 risk. Interviews with @entity1 or surrogates were conducted, including an explanation of the risks and benefits of @entity970 tube placement. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the median survival between @entity1 with @entity303 who received a @entity970 tube and @entity1 with @entity303 in whom @entity970 tube placement was refused. RESULTS: We received 41 consultations for @entity970 tube placement in @entity1 with @entity303 . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 23 @entity1 ; 18 @entity1 met the medical criteria for @entity970 tube placement, but surrogates refused placement. The median survival for the 23 @entity1 who underwent @entity970 was 59 days; the median survival for the 18 @entity1 who did not undergo @entity970 was 60 days. CONCLUSION: There seems to be no survival benefit in @entity1 with @entity303 who receive artificial feeding by a @entity970 tube.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in XXXX with @entity303 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 who are not amenable to surgical resection (cavernostomy), it is difficult to achieve palliation of hemoptysis from @entity358 . There are only 9 cases with a short follow-up that have reported the use of radiotherapy for hemoptysis in this scenario. METHODS: A retrospective series of 21 @entity1 with chronic @entity39 pulmonary @entity2381 were treated with radiotherapy (20 Gray) from 1990 to 2002. The outcome measures were the period from @entity378 treatment to the onset of hemoptysis, hemoptysis resolution rate, change in Zubrod performance status after 30  days of the completion of radiotherapy, local failure-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: The median time between @entity378 treatment and the onset of hemoptysis due to aspergilloma was 9  years. After radiotherapy, general status improved and the hemoptysis resolved in all @entity1 . During the follow-up period, 4 failures occurred, with a 5-year local failure-free survival rate of 82  % and a 5-year overall survival rate of 59  %. Of these failures, 2 @entity1 died due to recurrence of the hemoptysis, and 2 were rescued (using cavernostomy and reirradiation). The presence of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (p   =   0.021) and female gender (p   =   0.032) were negatively associated with overall survival. None of the variables was related to local control. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these long-term data, radiotherapy is a potential option for controlling bleeding due to fungus balls. Female @entity1 and @entity1030 were associated with lower survival.

title: Hemoptysis due to fungus ball after XXXX : A series of 21 cases treated with hemostatic radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergilloma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']