abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency ventilation is often used to treat @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 ) or @entity649 ( @entity649 ) but the effect of this treatment on clinical outcomes has not been well established. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to examine the effect of high-frequency ventilation compared with conventional ventilation as a therapy for @entity647 or @entity649 in @entity1 (1 to 17 years old) and adults in order to quantify its effect on @entity1 outcome (mortality, morbidity and other relevant outcomes). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to October Week 5, 2002), EMBASE (1980 to Week 51, 2002), World Wide Web (www.controlled-trials.com, @entity649 clinical network), and used Cited Reference Search (Web of Science 1988 to 2002, for specific reference lists of articles). We also contacted authors from each included trial, as well as manufacturers of high-frequency ventilators and other researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled clinical trials of @entity1 and adults comparing treatment using high-frequency ventilation with conventional ventilation for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity647 or @entity649 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. One trial recruited @entity1 (including some @entity1 less than one year old) (n = 58) and the other recruited adults (n = 148). Both trials used a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator as the intervention and included variable use of lung-volume recruitment strategies. The intervention groups showed a trend towards lower 30 day mortality ( @entity1 relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 1.62; adults RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.03), although neither study showed a statistically significant difference. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for 'Total length of ventilator days' (WMD) -2.00, 95% CI -18.36 to 14.36; and WMD 2.00, 95% CI -6.55 to 10.55 for the @entity1 and adult trials respectively). The studies used only proxies to measure long-term quality of life. There was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of requiring supplemental @entity26 amongst survivors at 30 days in the paediatric study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclude whether high-frequency ventilation reduces mortality or long-term morbidity in @entity1 with @entity647 or @entity649 ; further trials are needed.

title: High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of XXXX and @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency ventilation is often used to treat @entity1 with @entity647 ( @entity647 ) or @entity649 ( @entity649 ) but the effect of this treatment on clinical outcomes has not been well established. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to examine the effect of high-frequency ventilation compared with conventional ventilation as a therapy for @entity647 or @entity649 in @entity1 (1 to 17 years old) and adults in order to quantify its effect on @entity1 outcome (mortality, morbidity and other relevant outcomes). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to October Week 5, 2002), EMBASE (1980 to Week 51, 2002), World Wide Web (www.controlled-trials.com, @entity649 clinical network), and used Cited Reference Search (Web of Science 1988 to 2002, for specific reference lists of articles). We also contacted authors from each included trial, as well as manufacturers of high-frequency ventilators and other researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled clinical trials of @entity1 and adults comparing treatment using high-frequency ventilation with conventional ventilation for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity647 or @entity649 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. One trial recruited @entity1 (including some @entity1 less than one year old) (n = 58) and the other recruited adults (n = 148). Both trials used a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator as the intervention and included variable use of lung-volume recruitment strategies. The intervention groups showed a trend towards lower 30 day mortality ( @entity1 relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43 to 1.62; adults RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.03), although neither study showed a statistically significant difference. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for 'Total length of ventilator days' (WMD) -2.00, 95% CI -18.36 to 14.36; and WMD 2.00, 95% CI -6.55 to 10.55 for the @entity1 and adult trials respectively). The studies used only proxies to measure long-term quality of life. There was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of requiring supplemental @entity26 amongst survivors at 30 days in the paediatric study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.93). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to conclude whether high-frequency ventilation reduces mortality or long-term morbidity in @entity1 with @entity647 or @entity649 ; further trials are needed.

title: High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of @entity647 and XXXX .

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted with broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age to evaluate Florida 301 variety of @entity3505 and Beagle 82 variety of triticale. In Experiment 1, a @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) was used for five dietary treatments: yellow @entity4336 -soy (control), triticale-soy, yellow @entity4336 -triticale-soy, @entity3505 -soy and yellow @entity4336 - @entity3505 -soy. Diets were balanced to maintain equal levels of @entity17492 and @entity376 and were kept isocaloric (3,124 kcal/kg) using @entity4336 oil. In Experiment 2, a @entity1939 was used for 10 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted partially and totally for @entity4336 on both iso and nonisocaloric basis. Animal fat was the supplemental fat source. In Experiment 3, a @entity1939 was used for 8 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted for @entity4336 isocalorically using @entity4336 oil, animal fat, or both as supplemental fat sources. Results from these experiments showed that Florida 301 @entity3505 is an excellent cereal grain for broiler chicks as measured by feed efficiency and growth response, which was numerically but not significantly greater than with a @entity4336 -soy control diet. Growth response was inconsistent with Beagle 82 triticale throughout the three experiments. However, feed efficiency was better with triticale diets than @entity4336 -based diets.

title: Nutritive value of new cultivars of triticale and XXXX for broiler chick diets.

entities_list: @entity17492 :: ('MESH:D000603', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'completely randomized design']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: The object of our study was to characterize the biopsy features of @entity5 detected in a repeat biopsy population stratified on the basis of the type of prior negative biopsy. We studied 218 @entity1 with a prior negative biopsy who underwent a 10-core extended systematic biopsy scheme, and a subset (n = 139) underwent additional 6 anteriorly directed biopsies. Clinicopathologic features of @entity1 with @entity5 on the biopsy were compared as a function of type of prior negative biopsy. Overall and unique @entity5 detection rates were calculated for each of the biopsy sites. @entity5 detection rates tended to be higher in @entity1 who had undergone a prior sextant biopsy compared to a prior extended biopsy scheme (39% vs. 28%). Trends towards more positive cores and greater total core length of @entity5 involvement were seen in @entity1 who had undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy. Apical and laterally directed biopsies had higher overall and unique @entity5 detection rates in @entity1 who had undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy. Anteriorly directed biopsies had a low unique @entity5 detection rate in all @entity1 . We conclude that in @entity1 undergoing repeat biopsy, the detection rate is affected by the extent of the prior biopsy. Clinicopathologic features of @entity5 detected on repeat biopsy tend to be worse in @entity1 who have undergone a prior negative sextant biopsy compared to a negative prior extended biopsy.

title: Impact of prior biopsy scheme on pathologic features of XXXX detected on repeat biopsies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity12749 and @entity1206 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). The @entity1 (n = 54) received oral @entity12749 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity1 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and survival and 52 for @entity1486 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity1 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity1 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity344 . In general, @entity137 G3-4 was low: @entity3028 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity882 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity417 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity137 included @entity1150 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity299 (2%), @entity1295 (6%), and @entity16 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 (4%). We conclude that @entity1206 and @entity12749 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity263 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity1206 and XXXX in the treatment of metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-resistant prostate cancer', 'HRPC']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity12749 :: (MESH:D004961,Chemical) :: ['estramustine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity12749 and @entity1206 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). The @entity1 (n = 54) received oral @entity12749 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity1 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and survival and 52 for @entity1486 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity1 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity1 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity344 . In general, @entity137 G3-4 was low: @entity3028 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity882 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity417 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity137 included @entity1150 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity299 (2%), @entity1295 (6%), and @entity16 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 (4%). We conclude that @entity1206 and @entity12749 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity263 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity1206 and @entity12749 in the treatment of metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['hormone-resistant prostate cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy using @entity12749 and @entity1206 in chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). The @entity1 (n = 54) received oral @entity12749 840 mg/day on Days 1 to 14 and IV @entity1206 25 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 of every 3 wk cycle. The median number of cycles per @entity1 was 9 (range, 1 to 27). Fifty-three @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and survival and 52 for @entity1486 (PSA) response. Median age was 68 (range, 46-80). PSA sustained decrease >50% was seen in 52% of @entity1 (95% CI: 38-66%). A complete response was seen in 3 and a partial response in 12 of 25 @entity1 with measurable disease, for an overall objective response of 60% (95% CI: 41-79%). Improvement in performance status was observed in 30 out of 43 evaluable for clinical benefit response. The median duration of response was 7 mo and median time to progression was 6 mo. The median survival time was 15 mo. The most common adverse event was mild @entity344 . In general, @entity137 G3-4 was low: @entity3028 Grade 3-4 (8%), @entity882 Grade 3 (6%), and @entity417 Grade 3 (13%). Other Grade 3 @entity137 included @entity1150 (4%), hepatic (2%), @entity299 (2%), @entity1295 (6%), and @entity16 (2%). There were 2 treatment-related @entity204 (4%). We conclude that @entity1206 and @entity12749 as used in this trial is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in the management of @entity263 .

title: Phase II trial of XXXX and @entity12749 in the treatment of metastatic @entity263 .

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Following clinical diagnosis of a recurrent @entity5 , curative treatment is seldom available. Depending on the size of the recurrent @entity5 and the @entity1 's general health condition extensive surgical resections and reconstructions are avoided in favor of non-surgical palliative intended treatment modalities. According to the literature location of the @entity5 , @entity5 size, as well as R-1- and R-2-resection rates are the most frequent reasons for the development of recurrent @entity5 . In a retrospective evaluation a population of 1000 @entity1 who were treated for a primary @entity135 during the period from 1979 to 1996 were analysed descriptively. Survival probabilities of @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 were calculated according to the product-limit method by Kaplan-Meier, different treatment concepts were compared and analysed with the log-rank test for significant differences. The largest proportion of primary @entity5 involved the floor of mouth ( n = 369, 36.9%). A total of 198 @entity1 (19.8%) developed a recurrent @entity5 ; 79.8% of @entity1 experienced a recurrent @entity5 within two years following primary treatment. Within the group of T1/T2 @entity5 the incidence of recurrent @entity5 was 28.9%, whereas the incidence in the T3/T4 group was 44.6%. Tumor infiltration of the resection margins was detected in 12.9%. In line with the literature, @entity5 infiltration of the resection margins is a relevant prognostic factor, therefore intraoperative frozen section must be recommended. Treatment with curative intention, in particular extensive surgical resections, is seldom possible, and requires always a very intensive discussion with the @entity1 .

title: Recurrent XXXX : treatment strategies and survival analysis in a 20-year period.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: Two-year-old @entity20272 ( @entity20272 (Bong.) Carr.) plants from four clones were grown in naturally lit growth chambers for 6 months at either ambient (350 ppm) or ambient + 250 ppm (600 ppm) @entity515 concentration. Plants were grown in large boxes filled with peat, in a system that allowed the roots of individual plants to be harvested easily at the end of the growing season. Half of the boxes were kept well watered and half were allowed to dry out slowly over the summer. Plants growing in elevated @entity515 showed a 6.9% increase in mean relative growth rate compared to controls in the drought treatment and a 9.8% increase compared to controls in the well-watered treatment, though there was considerable variation in response among the different clones and water treatments. Rates of net @entity515 assimilation were higher and stomatal conductances were lower in plants grown in elevated @entity515 than in ambient @entity515 in both the well-watered and drought treatments. Both of these factors contributed to the doubling of instantaneous water use efficiency. The partitioning of biomass to roots was unaffected by elevated @entity515 , but the ratio of needle mass/stems + branches mass decreased. Together with reduced stomatal conductance, this probably caused the observed increases in xylem pressure potentials with elevated @entity515 .

title: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on the growth and physiology of clonal XXXX plants ( @entity20272 (Bong.) Carr.).

entities_list: @entity20272 :: ('3332', 'Species') :: ['Sitka spruce', 'Picea sitchensis']

answer: @entity20272 :: (3332,Species) :: ['Sitka spruce']


abstract: Two-year-old @entity20272 ( @entity20272 (Bong.) Carr.) plants from four clones were grown in naturally lit growth chambers for 6 months at either ambient (350 ppm) or ambient + 250 ppm (600 ppm) @entity515 concentration. Plants were grown in large boxes filled with peat, in a system that allowed the roots of individual plants to be harvested easily at the end of the growing season. Half of the boxes were kept well watered and half were allowed to dry out slowly over the summer. Plants growing in elevated @entity515 showed a 6.9% increase in mean relative growth rate compared to controls in the drought treatment and a 9.8% increase compared to controls in the well-watered treatment, though there was considerable variation in response among the different clones and water treatments. Rates of net @entity515 assimilation were higher and stomatal conductances were lower in plants grown in elevated @entity515 than in ambient @entity515 in both the well-watered and drought treatments. Both of these factors contributed to the doubling of instantaneous water use efficiency. The partitioning of biomass to roots was unaffected by elevated @entity515 , but the ratio of needle mass/stems + branches mass decreased. Together with reduced stomatal conductance, this probably caused the observed increases in xylem pressure potentials with elevated @entity515 .

title: Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on the growth and physiology of clonal @entity20272 plants ( XXXX (Bong.) Carr.).

answer: @entity20272 :: (3332,Species) :: ['Picea sitchensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early reocclusion of recanalized arteries has been observed after thrombolysis for acute @entity1563 and has been attributed to platelet activation after exposure to thrombolytic agents. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the rate of reocclusion during intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute @entity385 and the effect of reocclusion on functional outcome. METHODS: @entity1 treated for acute @entity385 at our center between September 2000 and May 2002 received a maximum total dose of 4 U of reteplase intra-arterially in 1-U increments via superselective catheterization. Pharmacologic thrombolysis was supplemented by mechanical thrombolysis with balloon angioplasty or snare manipulation at the occlusion site. Angiography was performed after each unit of reteplase or mechanical maneuver, and the images were interpreted by a blinded reviewer. Reocclusion was defined as partial or complete initial recanalization with occlusion recurring at the same site as documented by angiography during the endovascular treatment. Reocclusions were treated by further pharmacologic and/or mechanical thrombolysis according to the discretion of the treating physician. Clinical evaluations were performed before and 24 hr, 7 to 10 days, and 1 to 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis. Reocclusion was observed in eight (17%). Among these @entity1 , initial sites of occlusion were in the following arteries: intracranial internal carotid artery (n = 2), M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (n = 3), M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery (n = 2), and basilar artery (n = 1). The mean initial National Institutes of Health Scale score for these eight @entity1 was 23.3 +/- 6.2; mean time from symptom onset to treatment was 4.4 +/- 1.2 hr. The reocclusions were treated by using additional doses of reteplase alone (n = 1), reteplase with snare maneuver and/or angioplasty (n = 5), reteplase with angioplasty or snare and then stent placement (n = 1), and angioplasty with stent placement (n = 1). The reocclusions resolved in six of eight @entity1 after further treatment. Six @entity1 died and two survived but were severely disabled at 1 month (modified Rankin Scale scores of 4 and 5, respectively). Independent functional outcome scores (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2) were significantly lower among @entity1 with angiographically shown reocclusion than in those without (0 of 8 versus 17 of 38, P =.02). CONCLUSION: Reocclusion occurs relatively frequently during intra-arterial thrombolysis for @entity385 and seems to be associated with poor clinical outcomes.

title: Reocclusion of recanalized arteries during intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The efficacy of systemic @entity2332 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity299 is established. Surface cooling in @entity1 with @entity1757 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity63 . Surface cooling in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity1854 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity2332 in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 . Nine neonatal @entity1707 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity1757 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity1707 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity26 delivery while showing a decline in @entity26 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity1854 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity1 with left-to-right shunts.

title: XXXX abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced @entity2332 on immature @entity1707 with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1854 :: (MESH:D009599,Chemical) :: ['Nitroprusside']


abstract: The efficacy of systemic @entity2332 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity299 is established. Surface cooling in @entity1 with @entity1757 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity63 . Surface cooling in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity1854 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity2332 in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 . Nine neonatal @entity1707 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity1757 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity1707 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity26 delivery while showing a decline in @entity26 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity1854 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity1 with left-to-right shunts.

title: @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced @entity2332 on immature @entity1707 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: The efficacy of systemic @entity2332 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity299 is established. Surface cooling in @entity1 with @entity1757 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity63 . Surface cooling in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity1854 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity2332 in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 . Nine neonatal @entity1707 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity1757 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity1707 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity26 delivery while showing a decline in @entity26 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity1854 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity1 with left-to-right shunts.

title: @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced XXXX on immature @entity1707 with @entity1757 .

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: The efficacy of systemic @entity2332 in combination with cardiopulmonary bypass for the repair of @entity299 is established. Surface cooling in @entity1 with @entity1757 as a prebypass adjunct has been associated with @entity63 . Surface cooling in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 results in increased systemic vascular resistance and unchanged pulmonary vascular resistance with increased left-to-right shunting and a maldistribution of blood flow away from the viscera and kidneys. This study was to determine whether @entity1854 ameliorates the deleterious effects of increased systemic vascular resistance during @entity2332 in @entity1 @entity1707 with @entity1757 . Nine neonatal @entity1707 (4 weeks, 4 kg) had experimental @entity1757 resulting in a 2.3 +/- 0.3: 1 shunt. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were determined by the flow probe and microsphere techniques. Systemic and pulmonary blood flow distributions were measured by the microsphere technique. Left-to-right shunt ratios were determined by oximetry, flow probe, and microsphere. The @entity1707 were cooled to 28 degrees C and measurements were made at 37 degrees, 32 degrees, and 28 degrees C. We found that @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling by blocking the rise of systemic vascular resistance without significant changes in aortic pressure. As a result, the animals maintained control pulmonary-to-systemic flow levels and maintained control levels of @entity26 delivery while showing a decline in @entity26 consumption. Additionally, the vasodilatory effect allowed the animals to cool twice as fast as animals without @entity1854 . Regional blood flow distribution as percent cardiac output and absolute tissue flow were protected during surface cooling. This technique may have a role in cardiac operations on @entity1 with left-to-right shunts.

title: @entity1854 abolishes the deleterious effects of surface cooling-induced @entity2332 on immature XXXX with @entity1757 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: An asymptomatic 35 year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of abnormal ECG findings. The ECG showed complete @entity714 and @entity1347 . Echocardiography revealed a moderately enlarged right ventricle (RV) and an apical @entity439 . RV wall motion showed diffusely moderate impairment, while the systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) was slightly decreased. The ejection fractions (EF) of the RV and LV were calculated as 28.1% and 41.9% by Simpson's method using multiple cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans. A 24 hour ambulatory ECG showed only 372 single premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Cardiac catheterizaion revealed that the RV was enlarged with prominent trabeculation and decreased motion. In an electrophysiologic study, neither electrical stimulation of the RV nor electrical stimulation plus @entity3044 infusion could induce @entity1165 . Pathological examination of a biopsy from the interventricular septum of the RV revealed fibrofatty change in the myocardium. Based on these results, we made a diagnosis of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and administered 5 mg of @entity1405 . Sixty days after the initiation of @entity1405 therapy, we performed repeat cardiac CT. The EF of the LV was markedly improved from 41.9% to 62.0%, although the EF of the RV was not changed. The number of PVCs showed no change. This case suggests that @entity1405 is not only useful for controlling @entity943 but also for improving left ventriclular function in some @entity1 with @entity296 . Sympathetic overactivity is reported to cause @entity944 , so @entity1405 may be a first-line drug for some @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: XXXX therapy improved left ventricular function in a @entity1 with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ARVC', 'arrhythmogenic right ventriclular cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1405 :: (MESH:C043211,Chemical) :: ['Carvedilol']


abstract: An asymptomatic 35 year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of abnormal ECG findings. The ECG showed complete @entity714 and @entity1347 . Echocardiography revealed a moderately enlarged right ventricle (RV) and an apical @entity439 . RV wall motion showed diffusely moderate impairment, while the systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) was slightly decreased. The ejection fractions (EF) of the RV and LV were calculated as 28.1% and 41.9% by Simpson's method using multiple cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans. A 24 hour ambulatory ECG showed only 372 single premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Cardiac catheterizaion revealed that the RV was enlarged with prominent trabeculation and decreased motion. In an electrophysiologic study, neither electrical stimulation of the RV nor electrical stimulation plus @entity3044 infusion could induce @entity1165 . Pathological examination of a biopsy from the interventricular septum of the RV revealed fibrofatty change in the myocardium. Based on these results, we made a diagnosis of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and administered 5 mg of @entity1405 . Sixty days after the initiation of @entity1405 therapy, we performed repeat cardiac CT. The EF of the LV was markedly improved from 41.9% to 62.0%, although the EF of the RV was not changed. The number of PVCs showed no change. This case suggests that @entity1405 is not only useful for controlling @entity943 but also for improving left ventriclular function in some @entity1 with @entity296 . Sympathetic overactivity is reported to cause @entity944 , so @entity1405 may be a first-line drug for some @entity1 with @entity296 .

title: @entity1405 therapy improved left ventricular function in a XXXX with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Overexpression of @entity1722 and @entity12251 receptors in @entity0 may be accompanied by contrasting clinical outcomes. To investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to these differences, we undertook a comparative study of gene expression regulated by the two receptors. Agonistic antibodies were employed to activate @entity1722 and @entity12251 in isolation from the other ErbBs in @entity0 cells. Gene expression profiling using a 16 755-gene oligonucleotide array was performed to identify transcriptional targets of receptor activation. Our results indicate that, in the same cell line, @entity1722 and @entity12251 activation influence gene transcription differentially. Although there are genes that are regulated by signaling from both receptors, there are also receptor-specific targets that are preferentially regulated by each receptor. We further show that two ligands acting via the same receptor homodimer may activate different subsets of genes. Many of the induced genes are hitherto unidentified targets of @entity470 signaling. These include @entity12251 targets @entity72214 , @entity15774 , and @entity15633 and @entity1722 -activated @entity1135 / @entity1135 and @entity42834 . Targets of @entity1722 homodimer signaling may be especially important as markers in @entity0 , where @entity1722 homodimerization mediated by overexpression and ligand-independent activation is common.

title: Gene expression profiling of XXXX receptor and ligand-dependent transcription.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ErbB']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incremental value of different strategies of both oral and intravenous beta-blockade during the perioperative period in high-risk vascular @entity1 in reducing costs and improving outcomes. DESIGN: Decision analytic model incorporating costs from provider's perspective INTERVENTIONS: Five perioperative strategies in @entity1 undergoing @entity1028 surgery: (1). no routine beta-blockade, (2). preoperative oral @entity2179 for 7 days followed by perioperative intravenous @entity1406 and oral @entity2179 based on preoperative titration, (3). immediate preoperative @entity2165 with postoperative intravenous then oral @entity2165 , (4). intraoperative @entity7368 and postoperative intravenous then oral @entity2165 , and (5). intraoperative and 18 hours of postoperative @entity7368 then @entity2165 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Perioperative @entity204 was associated with a net increase of US dollars 21909 in charges to Medicare, whereas sustaining a perioperative @entity583 was associated with a net increase in charges of US dollars 15000. There is a net hospital saving of US dollars 500 using a strategy of titration of an oral beta-blocker medication for a minimum of 7 days, with a net increase in efficacy of 0.0304. All of the strategies involving acute perioperative blockade were associated with a net cost savings and increase in efficacy, although less than the strategy involving preoperative oral titration. CONCLUSION: Perioperative beta-blockade is both cost effective as well as efficacious from a short-term provider perspective. The optimal strategy of treatment for @entity1 who do not present to surgery already on beta-blockers requires further study, although all strategies save money even accounting for pharmaceutical costs.

title: Cost-effectiveness of differing perioperative beta-blockade strategies in vascular surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of @entity2120 on clinical events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: We recruited 400 @entity1 that had undergone the percutaneous coronary intervention without complications in the Cardiology Department of Changhai Hospital consecutively from May 2011 to December 2012. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive anticoagulation therapy ( @entity2120 ) or no anticoagulant. @entity1 were assessed for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) during hospitalization and at 1 and 12 months after PCI. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the frequency of MACCEs between the two groups during hospitalization, at 1 month or 12 months post-PCI. During hospitalization, MACCEs occurred in 1.5% of the anticoagulation group versus 1.6% of the non-anticoagulation group (P>0.9). The groups had comparable rates of major @entity548 (3.6% vs 2.1%, P=0.37), but minor @entity548 was increased in the anticoagulation group (29.1% vs. 18.7%, P=0.016). At 1 month post-PCI, MACCEs occurred in 1.5% of the anticoagulation group and 2.6% of the non-anticoagulation group, (P=0.5), and at 12 months post-PCI, the rates were 5.6% vs. 6.2%, respectively (P=0.8). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of MACCEs after PCI in the non-anticoagulation group was not significantly increased compared with that of the anticoagulation group. However, the rate of minor @entity548 during hospitalization is significantly lower in non-anticoagulation group than that in anticoagulation group. The results suggest that routine anticoagulation therapy after PCI is not necessary for @entity1 without procedure complications.

title: Effect of XXXX on clinical events after percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity2120 :: (MESH:D017984,Chemical) :: ['enoxaparin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The trial was to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal plants (CMP) treatment on the advanced @entity46 (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery. A prospective, multi-center and controlled trial was conducted from June 2012 to September 2013. Sixty-five post-operative @entity1 with advanced @entity46 (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery were included in the trial. They had undergone laparoscopic surgical excision of the @entity75 and the diagnosis of @entity46 was confirmed by pathological examination. The @entity1 received either CMP treatment or @entity10925 sustained-release depot treatment (as comparison) according to the willingness of the @entity1 . In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 and 12 months, the @entity1 were respectively undergone ultrasonic and gynecological examinations. The serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) were also detected in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months. We found that in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 1/31 (3.23%) and 1/34 (2.94%), respectively. In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 5/31 (16.13%) and 6/34 (17.65%), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The serum levels of CA-125 and @entity8923 significantly decreased in both of the two groups (P<0.05) and no marked differences existed between them on the serum levels of @entity8923 (P>0.05). The serum CA-125 levels of CMP group were significantly lower than those of the comparison group (P<0.05). No adverse effect was reported in both of the two groups during the research and the follow-up period. It concluded that CMP showed promise in preventing the recurrence of stage III-IV @entity46 after conservative surgery, although the conclusion is somewhat limited due to the small size of the trial.

title: Chinese medicinal plants for advanced XXXX after conservative surgery: a prospective, multi-center and controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ) and @entity5651 are two common disorders of the thyroid. Despite their benign nature, both conditions are associated with multiple pathologic conditions including @entity4903 , and @entity792 . In this study we conducted a large-scale epidemiological study in Chinese @entity1 to identify risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity9384 and @entity5651 . We analyzed demographic data, medical history, menstrual status, smoking, @entity285 consumption, body height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Thyroid ultrasonography was performed for all subjects. Our results showed that age, menstrual status, BMI, waist circumference, @entity101 , @entity2299 and @entity4854 had a significant relationship with the prevalence of @entity9384 and @entity5651 . There was also a significant association between parity, educational level, smoking, seafood consumption, salt consumption and @entity9384 . Waist-hip ratio, BMI, and @entity412 had a significant association with both @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and total @entity165 only correlated with @entity9384 . Medical management of @entity101 significantly affected @entity9384 prevalence. Our study also demonstrated age to be a strong predictor of @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and @entity28 a predictor of the likelihood of developing @entity5651 . Thus, our study suggests that the female Chinese population with advance age, menopause, @entity28 and @entity209 be examined for @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and those @entity1 with confirmed @entity9384 and @entity5651 be screened for age and @entity28 related disorders such as @entity209 .

title: An epidemiological study of risk factors of thyroid nodule and XXXX in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis, endocrine dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid nodule', 'TN']

answer: @entity5651 :: (MESH:D006042,Disease) :: ['goiter']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ) and @entity5651 are two common disorders of the thyroid. Despite their benign nature, both conditions are associated with multiple pathologic conditions including @entity4903 , and @entity792 . In this study we conducted a large-scale epidemiological study in Chinese @entity1 to identify risk factors implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity9384 and @entity5651 . We analyzed demographic data, medical history, menstrual status, smoking, @entity285 consumption, body height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Thyroid ultrasonography was performed for all subjects. Our results showed that age, menstrual status, BMI, waist circumference, @entity101 , @entity2299 and @entity4854 had a significant relationship with the prevalence of @entity9384 and @entity5651 . There was also a significant association between parity, educational level, smoking, seafood consumption, salt consumption and @entity9384 . Waist-hip ratio, BMI, and @entity412 had a significant association with both @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and total @entity165 only correlated with @entity9384 . Medical management of @entity101 significantly affected @entity9384 prevalence. Our study also demonstrated age to be a strong predictor of @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and @entity28 a predictor of the likelihood of developing @entity5651 . Thus, our study suggests that the female Chinese population with advance age, menopause, @entity28 and @entity209 be examined for @entity9384 and @entity5651 , and those @entity1 with confirmed @entity9384 and @entity5651 be screened for age and @entity28 related disorders such as @entity209 .

title: An epidemiological study of risk factors of thyroid nodule and @entity5651 in Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Growth hormone plays a central role in the change in nutrient metabolism that occurs during the initiation of lactation. The actions of growth hormone are mediated by the growth hormone receptor (GHR) whose mRNA is present in three alternatively spliced forms (GHR 1A, 1B, and 1C). Liver-specific GHR 1A mRNA is transiently decreased around parturition, but the exact timing of the decline is not known. Our objective was to generate a daily profile for total GHR (GHRtot; all GHR transcripts), GHR 1A, and @entity4208 mRNA expression in liver of periparturient Holstein @entity291 and evaluate these daily mRNA profiles relative to daily profiles for periparturient hormones and metabolites. Liver biopsies and blood samples (n = 139) were collected from 65 Holstein @entity291 at the University of Missouri Dairy Farm. At least two @entity291 were sampled on each day from 14 d before to 14 d after parturition. Total cellular RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Target cDNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma was assayed for @entity1420 , @entity53 , insulin, growth hormone, @entity4208 , @entity413 , and nonesterified @entity1718 . The GHR 1A mRNA declined 2 d before parturition, was lowest 3 to 4 d after parturition, and then increased. The @entity4208 mRNA declined 1 d after parturition, was lowest 2 to 5 d after parturition and then increased. Total GHR mRNA was not affected by day. The decrease in GHR 1A mRNA was associated with a decrease in @entity1420 and an increase in @entity53 shortly before parturition. A detailed profile of GHR 1A, @entity4208 , and GHRtot mRNA expression during the periparturient period was provided. The decreases in GHR 1A and @entity4208 during the transition period occurred immediately before (GHR 1A) or shortly after ( @entity4208 ) parturition. Rapid changes in placental and ovarian steroids before parturition were coincident with changes in GHR 1A mRNA.

title: Plasma hormones and expression of growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in hepatic tissue of periparturient dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Ninety-one Ontario Holstein dairy herds were surveyed about their lactating @entity291 ration and use of a premix containing monensin to identify possible dietary interactions with monensin on milk fat suppression. All herds were enrolled in Ontario Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) milk recording, and results from four DHI tests were used. Herd mean fat tests were calculated only for @entity291 between 100 and 200 d in milk to avoid potential confounding due to stage of lactation. Wet forage and total mixed ration (TMR) samples from all herds were evaluated for particle size using the Penn State Particle Size Separator. Of the herds using monensin (n = 58), the dose (per kg of dry matter) ranged from 9 to 14 mg/kg in TMR-fed herds and from approximately 9 to 23 mg/kg in herds in which concentrates were fed separately from forages (component-fed). Of the samples submitted for particle size evaluation, 15% of the haylage (n = 80), 14% of the @entity4336 silage (n = 79), and 42% of the TMR (n = 58) samples were classified as having low fiber. There was a significant negative univariable association between monensin and mean milk fat percentage. Monensin significantly reduced milk fat percentage in TMR-fed but not component-fed herds. Fiber length significantly interacted with monensin in TMR-fed herds: Herds that had low fiber in their TMR (< or = 6.0% in the top screen) were susceptible to milk fat decrease by @entity6193 , whereas herds that had adequate fiber (> 6.0%) were not. @entity6193 also significantly reduced milk fat percentage in herds receiving diets low in nonstructural @entity1735 (< 40.2%) but not in those receiving diets high in NSC (> or = 40.2%). The results of this study suggest that there are significant interactions between monensin and certain dietary factors on milk fat suppression in Holstein dairy herds.

title: A field study of dietary interactions with monensin on milk fat percentage in lactating dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['Monensin', 'monensin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Environmental legislation has made it necessary for livestock producers to be able to quantify and adjust the N balance on their farms. @entity8664 balance and efficiencies were computed for 41 commercial dairies in Utah and Idaho using the University of Maryland Nutrient Balancer. The average N balance, or unaccounted for N, was 81 tonnes per year for the average herd size of 466 @entity291 with 35.8% of the inputs accounted for in the outputs. The major inputs for farms that grew crops (n = 23, herd size = 284 total @entity291 ) were imported feed (57.4% of all inputs) and @entity1568 fixation (30% of inputs). The major outputs were animal products (primarily milk and some meat, 80% of outputs). For farms that grew no crops (n = 18, herd size = 700 total @entity291 ), 98% of the inputs were from imported feed. Of the outputs, 57% of the N was in animal products and 42.9% in manure and compost. Whole-farm balance per product for those farms that grew crops was most affected by herd N utilization efficiency (kg feed N per kg product N), crop N utilization efficiency, and availability of manure N applied to crops, while manure N storage efficiency was of lesser importance. For farms that grew no crops, whole-farm N balance per product was most affected by herd N utilization efficiency and manure N storage efficiency. Maximizing conversion of feed N to product N was the best way to reduce whole-farm N balance.

title: Whole-farm XXXX balance on western dairy farms.

entities_list: @entity8664 :: ('MESH:C536108', 'Disease') :: ['Whole-farm N']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Studies were undertaken on seven adult female buffaloes ( @entity11520 ) premedicated with @entity72215 (0.3 mg/kg) and @entity22292 (30 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was induced with @entity19014 (10 mg/kg) and animals were kept under intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Measurements were made for 30 min in the lateral position, for 20 min in the supine position and subsequently for 40 min again in the lateral position. @entity338 during anaesthesia was avoided by evacuation of the rumen by rumenotomy two days prior to the experiment. When animals were in the lateral position there were minimal changes in arterial pressure and heart rate but central venous pressure rose. These changes were related to intermittent positive pressure ventilation. In the supine position, increase in heart rate (28%) was associated with profound @entity551 (56%) and decrease in central venous pressure (171%) in these animals. There was a fall in venous @entity26 tension and a marked increase (91%) in @entity26 extraction ratio. Restoration to the lateral position ameliorated all these changes rapidly. It was suggested that a 'low pressure-low flow' circulatory state exists in anaesthetised adult buffaloes in the supine position.

title: Haemodynamic and blood gas changes in buffaloes ( XXXX ) in the supine position following thiopentone anaesthesia with premedication.

entities_list: @entity72215 :: ('CHEBI:9712', 'Chemical') :: ['triflupromazine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity11520 :: ('89462', 'Species') :: ['Bubalus bubalis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity19014 :: ('CHEBI:9561', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone sodium']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

answer: @entity11520 :: (89462,Species) :: ['Bubalus bubalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a minimally invasive procedure that has revolutionized the diagnosis and @entity5 . The goal of the present study was to investigate the yield and applicability of molecular testing in the specimens obtained by EBUS-TBNA from @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), comparing the results with a series of @entity1 who underwent diagnostic surgical procedures in the same institution. METHODS: The study followed 306 consecutive @entity1 with clinically diagnosed primary @entity2 who had the EBUS-TBNA procedure. @entity470 and @entity984 mutations were evaluated on cytologic specimens by Sanger sequencing and Cobas real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas @entity7041 rearrangement was tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results were compared with those obtained from a series of 1,000 @entity1149 surgical samples routinely analyzed. RESULTS: Molecular testing was possible in 96.9% of the samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA. @entity470 (exons 18-21) mutations were found in 16.9%, @entity984 mutation (exons 2-3) in 31.6%, and @entity7041 rearrangement in 3.9% of the cases. In the surgical series, the mutations' distribution were 14.8%, 29.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the two series. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that EBUS-TBNA can be effectively used not just for diagnosis but also for complete mutational testing.

title: Molecular Testing for Targeted Therapy in Advanced XXXX : Suitability of Endobronchial Ultrasound Transbronchial Needle Aspiration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Survivors of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in childhood have been identified with balance problems. The goals of this study were to objectively quantify these observations by measuring the displacement and velocity of the body centre of pressure, a measure of 'sway'. The subjects included 79 @entity981 survivors who were at least 1 year post-treatment for @entity981 and 83 age-matched controls. Testing was carried out using various static balance tests designed to challenge central nervous system maintenance of balance and postural control. @entity1 were different from controls, across all age groups, in the more difficult task in which they were required to balance over a narrow base of support. However this did not reach statistical significance. When they were asked to perform this task with their eyes closed 32% of the @entity1 tested, as opposed to 2% of controls, were unable to complete the task (significant at P<0.01, chi(2)). The youngest group of @entity1 ( @entity1 aged 5-7 years) presented consistently with lower (or similar) displacement and lower velocity measures. This phenomenon has been observed in healthy @entity1 , however, in @entity1 , these trends were magnified and beyond the normal age range in healthy @entity1 . The velocity values were significantly different from the other @entity1 groups (normalized values for velocity; P<0.01). These observations then manifested as higher sway values when @entity1 were challenged with a difficult task with their eyes closed. We propose that survivors of childhood @entity981 have delayed motor development compared to age-matched controls giving rise to impairment in balance and postural control. It is possible that these impairments are a consequence of intensive multi-agent chemotherapy and cranial irradiation.

title: Measurement of balance in survivors of XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is a common medical condition in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 ; however, large-scale and multi-center epidemiologic studies about the treatment effects on @entity323 in China are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the efficacy and safety of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-i) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity323 in China. METHODS: @entity1 clinically diagnosed with @entity323 from 53 andrology centers in 15 metropolitan areas in China who were willing to undergo treatment for @entity323 were enrolled in the study. Each @entity1 received 4 weeks of unique PDE5-i treatment, and completed the following forms (International Index of Erectile Function score 5 [IIEF-5], the Erection Hardness Score [EHS], Self-Esteem and Relationship [SEAR], and SF-36 of Health Related Quality of Life). Pre-and post-treatment data were compared using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1956 @entity323 @entity1 were included in this study; 1922 @entity1 provided valid questionnaires for analysis. Four weeks of @entity7855 treatment was considered effective and safe. Specifically, the IIEF-5 sores (11.30    3.7 vs. 20.02    5.1, P < 0.05), EHS levels (99.1% @entity1 increases to level 3 or 4), and the SEAR scores (32.5 vs. 55.1, P < 0.05) were significantly improved compared to baseline. @entity7855 therapy also significantly improved the satisfaction, enjoyment, and frequency of sexual attempts and sexual activity, as well as physical vigor and mental health scores. CONCLUSION: The present study provides direct evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of @entity7855 therapy in a large sample of Chinese @entity1 with @entity323 , thus verifying that @entity7855 improved the symptoms and quality of sexual life.

title: Effect of @entity7855 on XXXX and improvement in the quality of sexual life in China: a multi-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is a common medical condition in middle-aged and elderly @entity1 ; however, large-scale and multi-center epidemiologic studies about the treatment effects on @entity323 in China are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the efficacy and safety of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-i) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity323 in China. METHODS: @entity1 clinically diagnosed with @entity323 from 53 andrology centers in 15 metropolitan areas in China who were willing to undergo treatment for @entity323 were enrolled in the study. Each @entity1 received 4 weeks of unique PDE5-i treatment, and completed the following forms (International Index of Erectile Function score 5 [IIEF-5], the Erection Hardness Score [EHS], Self-Esteem and Relationship [SEAR], and SF-36 of Health Related Quality of Life). Pre-and post-treatment data were compared using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1956 @entity323 @entity1 were included in this study; 1922 @entity1 provided valid questionnaires for analysis. Four weeks of @entity7855 treatment was considered effective and safe. Specifically, the IIEF-5 sores (11.30    3.7 vs. 20.02    5.1, P < 0.05), EHS levels (99.1% @entity1 increases to level 3 or 4), and the SEAR scores (32.5 vs. 55.1, P < 0.05) were significantly improved compared to baseline. @entity7855 therapy also significantly improved the satisfaction, enjoyment, and frequency of sexual attempts and sexual activity, as well as physical vigor and mental health scores. CONCLUSION: The present study provides direct evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of @entity7855 therapy in a large sample of Chinese @entity1 with @entity323 , thus verifying that @entity7855 improved the symptoms and quality of sexual life.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity323 and improvement in the quality of sexual life in China: a multi-center study.

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in normal @entity1 , @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) @entity1 and @entity263 ( @entity263 ) @entity1 , and to explore the prognostic role of PLR in @entity263 . METHODS: 155 normal @entity1 , 168 @entity1067 @entity1 and 103 @entity263 @entity1 were enrolled. @entity263 @entity1 were divided into PLR low value group (PLR<150) and PLR high value group (PLR>= 150), and the difference of @entity1 ' clinical characteristics between high value group and low value group was comparative studied. RESULTS: The differences of PLR among normal @entity1 , @entity1067 @entity1 and @entity263 @entity1 were statistically significant. In addition, platelet counts, neutrophil counts, PSA level, LDH level, AKP level, CRP level and alkaline phosphatase level were also significantly increased in PLR high value group, while the hemoglobin level was decreased. Besides, serious events such as @entity772 during hospitalization were also more likely to appear in PLR high value group. @entity263 @entity1 had an average follow-up of 3 years, and a total of 25 cases of @entity1 died, including 11 (16.4%) cases in the PLR low value group, and 14 (38.9%) cases in PLR high value group with. Three years survival rate of @entity1 in high value group was significantly reduced. Additionally, PLR was a possible risk factor associated with mortality, and an independent predictor of all-cause mortality during follow-up. CONCLUSION: PLR is significantly increased in @entity263 @entity1 , and it is an independent predictor of 3-year mortality in @entity263 @entity1 .

title: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio plays an important role in XXXX 's diagnosis and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: To initially test for the content validity, comprehensibility, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire (YY-AQ). METHODS: The process of initial validity and reliability test covered: (1) content validation from the findings of 18 multiple-case studies, validated Yin- and @entity14717 assessment questionnaires, relevant literatures and registered Chinese medicine practitioners; (2) comprehension with the levels of comprehensibility for each item categorized on a 3-point scale (not comprehensible; moderately comprehensible; highly comprehensible). A minimum of three respondents selecting for each item of moderately or highly comprehensible were regarded as comprehensive; (3) test-retest reliability conducted with a 2-wk interval. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and their 95%CIs were calculated using a two-way random effects model. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for related samples was adopted to compare the medians of test-retest scores. An ICC value of 0.85 or higher together with P > 0.05, was considered acceptable; and (4) internal consistency of the total items was measured and evaluated by Cronbach's coefficient alpha (a). A Cronbach's a of 0.7 or higher was considered to represent good internal consistency. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity20247 and 14 @entity14717 presentation items were finalized from content validation. Five @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) performed the comprehensibility and test-retest reliability tests. Comprehensibility score level of each presentation item was found to be moderate or high in three out of the five @entity1 . Test-retest reliability showed that the single measure ICC of the total @entity20247 presentation items was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.89-0.99) and the median scores on the first and 14(th) days were 17 (IQR 6.5-27) and 21 (IQR 6-29) (P = 0.144) respectively. The single measure ICC of the total @entity14717 presentation items was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79-0.99) and the median scores on the first and 14(th) days were 10 (IQR 6-18) and 14 (IQR 7-23) (P = 0.144) respectively. The results of a descriptive correlation study on 140 survey @entity1 with @entity6 using the YY-AQ showed that internal consistency of the total @entity20247 and @entity14717 presentation items was satisfactory, with Cronbach's a of 0.79 and 0.78 respectively. CONCLUSION: The YY-AQ will be tested further for comprehensibility, test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities, scoring system validity, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validities, responsiveness and predictive validity.

title: Initial validation of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14717 :: ('MESH:D016711', 'Disease') :: ['Yang-deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity20247 :: ('MESH:D016710', 'Disease') :: ['Yin-deficiency']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIM: To initially test for the content validity, comprehensibility, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire (YY-AQ). METHODS: The process of initial validity and reliability test covered: (1) content validation from the findings of 18 multiple-case studies, validated Yin- and @entity14717 assessment questionnaires, relevant literatures and registered Chinese medicine practitioners; (2) comprehension with the levels of comprehensibility for each item categorized on a 3-point scale (not comprehensible; moderately comprehensible; highly comprehensible). A minimum of three respondents selecting for each item of moderately or highly comprehensible were regarded as comprehensive; (3) test-retest reliability conducted with a 2-wk interval. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and their 95%CIs were calculated using a two-way random effects model. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for related samples was adopted to compare the medians of test-retest scores. An ICC value of 0.85 or higher together with P > 0.05, was considered acceptable; and (4) internal consistency of the total items was measured and evaluated by Cronbach's coefficient alpha (a). A Cronbach's a of 0.7 or higher was considered to represent good internal consistency. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity20247 and 14 @entity14717 presentation items were finalized from content validation. Five @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) performed the comprehensibility and test-retest reliability tests. Comprehensibility score level of each presentation item was found to be moderate or high in three out of the five @entity1 . Test-retest reliability showed that the single measure ICC of the total @entity20247 presentation items was 0.99 (95%CI: 0.89-0.99) and the median scores on the first and 14(th) days were 17 (IQR 6.5-27) and 21 (IQR 6-29) (P = 0.144) respectively. The single measure ICC of the total @entity14717 presentation items was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79-0.99) and the median scores on the first and 14(th) days were 10 (IQR 6-18) and 14 (IQR 7-23) (P = 0.144) respectively. The results of a descriptive correlation study on 140 survey @entity1 with @entity6 using the YY-AQ showed that internal consistency of the total @entity20247 and @entity14717 presentation items was satisfactory, with Cronbach's a of 0.79 and 0.78 respectively. CONCLUSION: The YY-AQ will be tested further for comprehensibility, test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities, scoring system validity, construct validity, convergent and discriminant validities, responsiveness and predictive validity.

title: Initial validation of the Yin-Yang Assessment Questionnaire for XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: The study investigated the role of beliefs concerning @entity158 relief after treatment. Following the cognitive orientation theory, we hypothesized that beliefs concerning goals, norms, oneself, and general beliefs would predict the extent of improvement following acupuncture. Subjects were 30 Israeli @entity1118 @entity1 (22 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age 41.6 years). They were administered a questionnaire assessing the 4 belief types, and control measures assessing personality traits, demographic variables, and @entity158 characteristics. All underwent 4-6 acupuncture sessions. Improvement was determined by @entity1 and physician ratings, and an index based on medication, subjective evaluations, and duration of resting. There were two follow-ups. Three improvement groups were defined: none (n = 8), slight (n = 12), and high (n = 10). These groups did not differ on any of the variables tested except the 4 belief types. A discriminant analysis with belief types as predictors enabled correct classification of the @entity1 in 83% of the cases. A stepwise regression analysis showed that beliefs accounted for 85% of the variance. Discussion focuses on the nature of @entity158 relief and the role of beliefs in disease.

title: Cognitive orientation as predictor of XXXX relief following acupuncture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic-pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 @entity1313 biopsies were processed by mechanical and enzymatic methods to produce mixed cell suspensions. Cultures were prepared in small plastic flasks, and primary outgrowth occurred in 16/21 cultures. The period required for primary outgrowth ranged from 3 days to 14 days. We established serial propagation with 15/16 of the primary cultures. Sensitivity to @entity5357 was determined between passages 3 to 12, using a microassay based on cell viability (uptake of a supravital stain, neutral red). Extracted dye was quantified in acidic- @entity1042 using the MR580 Microelisa Autoreader (Dynatech). We observed a broad range of responsiveness to the drug among the 12 cell-strains tested. Thus, 4 cell strains were relatively sensitive; 4 were resistant to 10(4) IRU/ml of purified @entity5357 . Four cell strains exhibited a level of responsiveness that was intermediate to that of these two groups. During propagation of these biopsies, cytopathology suggestive of @entity281 appeared in 4 of the cell-strains. This characteristic was not uniformly associated with high sensitivity to @entity1 beta interferon which is a very potent, naturally occurring antiviral substance. Our results support the concept that information concerning sensitivity to @entity5357 and other cytostatic agents may be rapidly obtained using microcultures of @entity1313 cultures in conjunction with supravital stain uptake studies. Additionally, these results suggest that further clinical studies with beta interferon should be undertaken to define the parameters which determine successful in vivo application.

title: @entity1 non-malignant and malignant XXXX derived cell cultures: proliferation and sensitivity to natural @entity1 fibroblast (beta) interferon.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['paramyxovirus-infection']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 @entity1313 biopsies were processed by mechanical and enzymatic methods to produce mixed cell suspensions. Cultures were prepared in small plastic flasks, and primary outgrowth occurred in 16/21 cultures. The period required for primary outgrowth ranged from 3 days to 14 days. We established serial propagation with 15/16 of the primary cultures. Sensitivity to @entity5357 was determined between passages 3 to 12, using a microassay based on cell viability (uptake of a supravital stain, neutral red). Extracted dye was quantified in acidic- @entity1042 using the MR580 Microelisa Autoreader (Dynatech). We observed a broad range of responsiveness to the drug among the 12 cell-strains tested. Thus, 4 cell strains were relatively sensitive; 4 were resistant to 10(4) IRU/ml of purified @entity5357 . Four cell strains exhibited a level of responsiveness that was intermediate to that of these two groups. During propagation of these biopsies, cytopathology suggestive of @entity281 appeared in 4 of the cell-strains. This characteristic was not uniformly associated with high sensitivity to @entity1 beta interferon which is a very potent, naturally occurring antiviral substance. Our results support the concept that information concerning sensitivity to @entity5357 and other cytostatic agents may be rapidly obtained using microcultures of @entity1313 cultures in conjunction with supravital stain uptake studies. Additionally, these results suggest that further clinical studies with beta interferon should be undertaken to define the parameters which determine successful in vivo application.

title: XXXX non-malignant and malignant @entity1313 derived cell cultures: proliferation and sensitivity to natural @entity1 fibroblast (beta) interferon.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 @entity1313 biopsies were processed by mechanical and enzymatic methods to produce mixed cell suspensions. Cultures were prepared in small plastic flasks, and primary outgrowth occurred in 16/21 cultures. The period required for primary outgrowth ranged from 3 days to 14 days. We established serial propagation with 15/16 of the primary cultures. Sensitivity to @entity5357 was determined between passages 3 to 12, using a microassay based on cell viability (uptake of a supravital stain, neutral red). Extracted dye was quantified in acidic- @entity1042 using the MR580 Microelisa Autoreader (Dynatech). We observed a broad range of responsiveness to the drug among the 12 cell-strains tested. Thus, 4 cell strains were relatively sensitive; 4 were resistant to 10(4) IRU/ml of purified @entity5357 . Four cell strains exhibited a level of responsiveness that was intermediate to that of these two groups. During propagation of these biopsies, cytopathology suggestive of @entity281 appeared in 4 of the cell-strains. This characteristic was not uniformly associated with high sensitivity to @entity1 beta interferon which is a very potent, naturally occurring antiviral substance. Our results support the concept that information concerning sensitivity to @entity5357 and other cytostatic agents may be rapidly obtained using microcultures of @entity1313 cultures in conjunction with supravital stain uptake studies. Additionally, these results suggest that further clinical studies with beta interferon should be undertaken to define the parameters which determine successful in vivo application.

title: @entity1 non-malignant and malignant @entity1313 derived cell cultures: proliferation and sensitivity to natural XXXX fibroblast (beta) interferon.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity5683 are uncommon @entity5 of the central nervous system. A series of 11 cases from the Vancouver General and British Columbia @entity1 's Hospitals, treated during the last 12 years, are reviewed. Some of the management problems commonly encountered with these @entity5 are discussed. Many of these @entity5 are associated with severe @entity1276 at the time of diagnosis, and the perioperative management of this @entity1276 remains a matter of some debate. The timing of and the necessity for shunting are major considerations. Large subdural fluid collections are often discovered in the postoperative period, and these occasionally cause symptoms of @entity428 . Reasons for this problem are suggested and possible steps for its prevention are proposed. The similarity between @entity424 and @entity2846 has sometimes caused difficulty in pathological diagnosis. @entity9204 , of which there were two in this series, also present a diagnostic challenge. Differential diagnosis affects the further treatment and prognosis for the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : problems in diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['papillary ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5683 :: ('MESH:D016545', 'Disease') :: ['Choroid plexus tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papillomas']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['Choroid plexus carcinomas']

answer: @entity5683 :: (MESH:D016545,Disease) :: ['Choroid plexus tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of diagnosis and treatment program of integrative medicine (IM) on level 2 @entity101 in the young and middle-aged @entity1 and their ambulatory blood pressure. METHODS: A randomized, placebo parallel and controlled, multi-center clinical trial was performed. Totally 199 young and middle-aged level 2 @entity101 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the treatment group (99 cases) and the control group (100 cases). All received combined @entity551 treatment program by taking @entity594 Sustained Release Tablet and @entity918 as basic drugs. @entity1 in the treatment group additionally took Western medicine (WM) combined Jiangyabao serial drugs (0.31 g per tablet, 2 tablets each time, twice daily), while those in the control group additionally took WM combined simulative agents of Jiangyabao serial drugs (0.31 g per tablet, 2 tablets each time, twice daily). The treatment course was 8 weeks for all, and 24-week follow-ups performed. 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and casual blood pressure, and their efficacies were compared between the two groups, and safety assessed as well. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment in the same group, daytime and night casual blood pressure, as well as 24 h ambulatory blood pressure were all obviously improved in the two groups (P < 0.01). Average @entity551 at night decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in total efficacies of daytime casual blood pressure or ambulatory blood pressure (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Jiangyabao serial drugs combined WM in treating young and middle-aged level 2 @entity101 @entity1 showed obvious effect in improving night blood pressure, especially for night diastolic blood pressure.

title: [Treatment of Level 2 XXXX by Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Integrative Medicine: a Multi-centre, Randomized Controlled Trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'diastolic and systolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical clips inserted during breast-conserving surgery [BCS] serve as a surrogate of the lumpectomy cavity. Visualization of the surgical clips by imaging prior to radiotherapy (RT), during treatment planning, aids in designing the treatment volume for breast irradiation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a distinct difference in the tendency to insert a metal clip during BCS, that is related to the hospital where the procedure was performed and to evaluate whether there are differences in the boost planning treatment volume ( @entity343 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. The records of all @entity1 treated by adjuvant RT after BCS were reviewed. Boost @entity343 was calculated in cubic centimeters (ccj and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of the 143 @entity1 included in the study, 31% were operated on in private hospitals and 69% were operated on in public hospitals. A statistically significant difference was found in clip insertion in @entity1 treated in private hospitals compared to public hospitals. No statistical differences were found in the boost @entity343 size between the groups (p = 0.448). A similar difference was found when comparing tertiary public centers to smaller secondary public centers. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a higher tendency to insert metal clips during BCS in private hospitals as compared to public hospitals. There were no differences in the @entity5 bed @entity343 in @entity1 with or without surgical clips.

title: [Placement of metal clips as a means for identifying the XXXX bed in @entity1 post lumpectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical clips inserted during breast-conserving surgery [BCS] serve as a surrogate of the lumpectomy cavity. Visualization of the surgical clips by imaging prior to radiotherapy (RT), during treatment planning, aids in designing the treatment volume for breast irradiation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a distinct difference in the tendency to insert a metal clip during BCS, that is related to the hospital where the procedure was performed and to evaluate whether there are differences in the boost planning treatment volume ( @entity343 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective study. The records of all @entity1 treated by adjuvant RT after BCS were reviewed. Boost @entity343 was calculated in cubic centimeters (ccj and compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of the 143 @entity1 included in the study, 31% were operated on in private hospitals and 69% were operated on in public hospitals. A statistically significant difference was found in clip insertion in @entity1 treated in private hospitals compared to public hospitals. No statistical differences were found in the boost @entity343 size between the groups (p = 0.448). A similar difference was found when comparing tertiary public centers to smaller secondary public centers. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a higher tendency to insert metal clips during BCS in private hospitals as compared to public hospitals. There were no differences in the @entity5 bed @entity343 in @entity1 with or without surgical clips.

title: [Placement of metal clips as a means for identifying the @entity5 bed in XXXX post lumpectomy].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of gonorrheal and @entity3799 (GCC) on the risk of @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) and @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ). STUDY DESIGN: A large cross-sectional sample of @entity1 (N = 1,120) was studied. Data on samples for GCC and pregnancy outcome were entered into a database from a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: There were 1,120 pregnancies with adequate data for analysis. Of those pregnancies 933 were unaffected by GCC, and 187 were affected. The rates of @entity3152 were 17.79% and 16.58% for GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. @entity13493 occurred in 3.97% and 2.67% of GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. @entity3152 occurred in 8.25% and 8.02% of GCC-negative and GCC-positive pregnancies, respectively. No outcomes met statistical significance. When pregnancy outcomes were analyzed by trimester of infection, there was a higher risk of @entity3152 but not @entity3152 with @entity281 . This did meet statistical significance. There was a trend towards lower rate of cesarean section in the infected group of @entity1 , which did not meet statistical significance. CONCLUSION: @entity281 with @entity2954 and/or @entity1047 is not associated with @entity13493 or @entity3152 .

title: Screening for XXXX and Implications for Pregnancy Outcome. Are We Testing and Treating at the Right Time?

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['PTL', 'preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['earlier infection', 'Maternal infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['PPROM', 'preterm premature rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Cervicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perinatal @entity308 (PND) affects approximately 10-15% of @entity1 , worldwide. PND screening, using screening tools, has been undertaken by a broad range of healthcare professionals in different settings. Our objective was to explore the acceptability of PND screening and how acceptability was being assessed. METHODS: A systematic literature review of studies that explored the acceptability of PND screening was carried out throughout MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Maternity and @entity1 Care and Joanna Briggs Institute databases. RESULTS: Twenty-eight out of twenty-nine publications reported PND screening to be acceptable to most @entity1 . A wide range of terms, questions and statements was used to infer, assess or report on acceptability. There was no uniform, psychometrically tested tool used to measure acceptability across the studies. LIMITATIONS: Broad inclusion criteria and methodological differences limited comparisons, but are overcome by the comprehensiveness of the data and the lack of uniformity across studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even though PND screening appears acceptable, it is difficult to draw conclusions about PND screening acceptability as studies used different methods to infer, assess or report on acceptability. The lack of a uniform, psychometrically tested tool to measure acceptability is not unique to PND. Nonetheless, the majority of perinatal @entity1 and healthcare professionals reported positive attitudes towards PND screening using different tools in different settings, indicating that it may be the responsibility of all healthcare professionals who come into contact with perinatal @entity1 .

title: A systematic review on the acceptability of perinatal XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluates the role of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) outside office-hour in primary adult onset @entity726 . METHODS: This retrospective study included 100 cases of primary adult onset @entity726 . IOP readings obtained with Goldmann applanation tonometry between 7 am and 10 pm were compared to office-hour readings. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were enrolled (mean age: 58.64  10.98 years) in the study. Overall, mean diurnal IOP was significantly higher than mean office IOP (p<0.05). Two-thirds of the @entity1 had peak IOP measurements outside office-hour. Mean diurnal IOP fluctuation (7.03  2.69mm Hg) was significantly higher than mean office IOP fluctuation (4.31  2.6mm Hg) (p<0.003). There was a significant correlation between baseline IOP and fluctuation in IOP (r=0.61, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The mean diurnal IOP and IOP fluctuations were higher than office-hour readings in @entity1 with primary adult onset @entity726 . Diurnal monitoring may be particularly useful in @entity1 with high baseline IOP.

title: Diurnal versus office-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation in primary adult onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: One hundred fifty-six @entity1 underwent investigation and operation for @entity4710 : 145 had attempts at curative operations and 11 had His bundle section. Operative mortality was 0.68% and there were no late @entity204 among @entity1 having curative operations. One @entity1 died suddenly 1 year after His bundle section. All @entity1 underwent electrophysiologic study before discharge and 6 months postoperatively. A satisfactory result, without @entity4710 and without medication, was achieved in 96.5% of all @entity1 . Ninety-three percent have no @entity4710 and no demonstrable reentrant pathway at electrophysiologic study. All free wall accessory atrioventricular connections were divided and 97.7% of the @entity1 were cured. Ninety percent of @entity1 with posterior septal accessory atrioventricular connections had a satisfactory result, with cure demonstrated at late electrophysiologic study in 84%. Fifteen @entity1 with atrioventricular junctional reentrant @entity591 were all cured, with preservation of normal atrioventricular conduction. Eight (88%) of nine @entity1 with right @entity591 were cured, and two @entity1 with nodoventricular fibers and one @entity1 with incessant @entity591 had satisfactory results. @entity4710 is now a potentially curable disorder when managed by low risk surgical procedures that offer a high cure rate.

title: Surgical therapy for XXXX , a potentially curable disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'Supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia', 'atrioventricular junctional tachycardia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']