abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity285 and @entity2644 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity3856 . There have been reports of @entity32 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity32 after retrobulbar @entity285 injection led the authors to develop a @entity35 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity35 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity285 or 25 mg/ml @entity2644 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity35 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity32 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity32 in the orbit of the @entity1 and similar @entity32 in the @entity35 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity285 . In the @entity2644 group, only 1 @entity35 demonstrated small foci of @entity32 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity32 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity285 had greater @entity32 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity2644 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity285 injections @entity32 , whereas retrobulbar @entity2644 induces little or no @entity32 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity158 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar @entity285 and XXXX Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in @entity1 _ @entity35 Orbits.

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['Chlorpromazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrobulbar injections of @entity285 and @entity2644 are used for the treatment of blind, @entity3856 . There have been reports of @entity32 after retrobulbar injections of these agents, but the histologic effects are not well characterized. A clinical case with histopathologic @entity32 after retrobulbar @entity285 injection led the authors to develop a @entity35 model to examine these effects. METHODS: Adult Lewis @entity35 were given retrobulbar injections of either 0.1 ml of absolute @entity285 or 25 mg/ml @entity2644 in the right orbit, and 0.1 ml of saline in the left orbit as a control. @entity35 were euthanized, perfused, and postfixed at 1 to 2 weeks after injection. Exenterated orbital tissue was sectioned for histologic staining. Slides were reviewed by a masked ocular pathologist who evaluated the level of orbital @entity32 . RESULTS: Histopathology demonstrated foci of @entity32 in the orbit of the @entity1 and similar @entity32 in the @entity35 orbits injected with retrobulbar @entity285 . In the @entity2644 group, only 1 @entity35 demonstrated small foci of @entity32 , while the control orbits injected with saline showed no @entity32 . On blinded qualitative analysis, the orbits receiving retrobulbar @entity285 had greater @entity32 than the orbits receiving either saline or @entity2644 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings in this preclinical pilot study suggest that retrobulbar @entity285 injections @entity32 , whereas retrobulbar @entity2644 induces little or no @entity32 . This potential inflammatory response should be considered when selecting an agent for @entity158 management, particularly if future orbital surgery is anticipated.

title: Histologic Evidence of Orbital Inflammation from Retrobulbar @entity285 and @entity2644 Injection: A Clinicopathologic Study in @entity1 _ XXXX Orbits.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['incite significant orbital inflammation', 'inflammation', 'granulomatous inflammation', 'confirmation of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['painful eyes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffuse superficial @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) refractory to standard therapies poses a clinical dilemma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses an interaction between absorbed light and a retained photosensitizing agent to destroy tissue, has been used to treat diffuse superficial bladder @entity1606 , although there are few reports of long-term outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 34 @entity1 , 29 with TCC @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) and 5 with multiple small papillary stage T(a) or T(1) lesions, received porfimer @entity1372 (P) 48 hours before whole-bladder PDT with 630-nm laser light. A 0.02% @entity1460 emulsion diffusion medium was instilled into the bladder, and the laser optical fiber was positioned under triplanar sonography prior to PDT. The mean follow-up was 52 months. RESULTS: At 3 months, a complete response (CR) in 14 (44%) of the 32 evaluable @entity1 , a partial response (PR) in 4 (12%), and no response (NR) in 14 (44%). Four of the five @entity1 with extensive @entity5720 did not respond. The NR rate for @entity1 with @entity2735 with or without resected @entity5720 was 37%. The mean time to recurrence in the CR group was 9.8 months, and five members of this group (36%) underwent cystectomy (mean time 20 months) for persistent/progressive disease (N = 3) or bladder @entity1159 (N = 2). In the NR group, 6 (43%) underwent cystectomy (mean time 14 months) for persistent/progressive disease. @entity150 was the cause of @entity204 in only 4 of the 12 @entity1 who have died. Of the remaining 22 @entity1 , 15 are still alive and have an intact bladder, nine with no disease and six with only superficial disease. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of long-term results following whole-bladder PDT using diffusion medium for isotropic light distribution. More than half of the @entity1 with @entity1606 refractory to traditional intravesical therapy received benefit from a single PDT session. @entity1 with extensive flat @entity5720 do not appear to respond well. @entity1 who achieve a CR have less likelihood of and longer time interval before needing cystectomy for progressive disease than NR @entity1 . Our PDT protocol is associated with minimal morbidity in these high-risk @entity1 .

title: Photodynamic therapy for refractory superficial XXXX : long-term clinical outcomes of single treatment using intravesical diffusion medium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['papillary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the etiology of chronic @entity1244 . METHODS: Ninety-one coronal CT scans of chronic @entity1244 were analysed with mutimedia software developed by the authors. Sinus CT images were scanned into multimedia computer and the subtle anatomic structures such as pneumatization of the middle turbinate, agger nasi cell, Haller's cell, @entity85 , @entity1177 , @entity4530 and so on were measured. The results were analysed by the statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: The penumatization rate of total or inferior part of middle turbinate correlated positively to the inflammation of anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Compared with @entity1 with normal frontal sinuses, the vertical diameters of agger nasi cells of @entity1 with frontal @entity1244 were larger(11.70 +/- 5.50 mm and 8.54 +/- 3.67 mm respectively, P < 0.01). Compared with @entity1 with normal maxillary sinuses, the Haller's cells of @entity1 with @entity1180 were larger (77.8% and 33.3%, P < 0.05) and the amount of inflammatory Haller's cells of the latter was more abundant than that of the former(91.6 +/- 17.8 @entity202 and 41.6 +/- 12.6 @entity202 , respectively, P < 0.05). The deviation of uncinate process was one of the factors of @entity1180 . The sizes of ethmoid bullae increased with the soft tissue thickening in anterior ethmoid sinus, the large ethmoid bulla may cause @entity15294 . CONCLUSION: Some anatomic variations may play a role in chronic @entity1244 .

title: [Relationship between anatomic variations of nasal sinus and chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality of uncinate process and ethmoid bulla']

entities_list: @entity15294 :: ('MESH:D015521', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ethmoid sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['septal deformity']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cystic cervico-facial @entity2696 (DDFL) are relatively rare. Because of their size and site, they pose a real problem in treatment. The authors present a retrospective study about 10 cases. MATERIALS _ METHODS: The mean age of this series of @entity1 was 31 years, with a slight female preponderance. Ultrasound scanning is sufficient to establish the diagnosis. CT or MRI scan helps to show whether there is parapharyngeal or mediastinal extension. RESULTS: Every @entity1 in this series underwent operation. We had one recurrence and two postoperative neurological sequelae. DISCUSSION: Although there is little difficulty in the diagnosis of this condition, it is difficult to treat because of extension which involve the face, the @entity2133 and tongue base, and also the major structures in neck. Current interest is centred on treating these lesions with @entity1463 agents, either for recurrence or, according to some authors, as a first therapeutic option.

title: [Cervicofacial XXXX in adults (10 case reports)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['floor of mouth']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity2696 :: (MESH:D008202,Disease) :: ['lymphangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the neurological manifestations of @entity18184 . METHODS: The symptoms, signs, imaging data, diagnoses and outcomes of 14 cases with @entity18184 hospitalized in Peking Union Hospital June 1995-January 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The chief complaints of this group included @entity10 (12 cases), @entity227 (7 cases), blood in nasal discharge (3 cases), purulent nasal discharge (2 cases), exophthalmoptosis (1 case), fixation of eyeball (1 case), and pharyngodynia (1 case). Six @entity1 presented deficits of the second and/or third, fourth, and sixth @entity129 ; one @entity1 had @entity1158 and @entity2026 ; no more presentation of nervous system was found in all @entity1 . Only five @entity1 showed signs of posterior @entity1244 in rhinologic examination. CT and/or MRI revealed @entity18184 (11 cases) and @entity18184 with posterior @entity15294 (3 cases). The complications of this group were @entity281 involving frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes and brainstem (1 case), @entity439 of cavernous carotid artery (1 case), nasal cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1 case), @entity7995 (5 eyes), abducent paralysis (2 cases), @entity4550 (1 case) and @entity2694 (1 case). All of the @entity1 underwent endoscopic sphenoid surgery. 13 @entity1 were free of @entity10 after surgery. One @entity1 died because of @entity75 . CONCLUSION: @entity10 can be the first or unique symptom of @entity18184 . @entity18184 should be considered in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of @entity10 . CT and MRI are the best tools in diagnosis of @entity18184 .

title: [Neurological manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss and/or diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hernia of brain']

entities_list: @entity15294 :: ('MESH:D015521', 'Disease') :: ['ethmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital apex syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4550 :: ('MESH:D054517', 'Disease') :: ['orbital cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity18184 :: ('MESH:D015524', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoiditis', 'Isolated sphenoiditis', 'isolated sphenoiditis']

answer: @entity18184 :: (MESH:D015524,Disease) :: ['isolated sphenoiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect risk factors related with @entity1277 . DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. SETTING: 5 secondary schools in the Virgen de Roc  o health area in Seville, Spain. @entity1 : 789 students enrolled in the first and second years of compulsory secondary school, and their families. MAIN MEASURES. Body mass index, risk behaviors related with food and exercise, influence of the mass media on models of desirable body types, and family climate. Data were obtained with three validated questionnaires: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the CIMEC-26, and the Family Environment Scale (FES). RESULTS: In 6.9% of the @entity1 , BMI was between 15 and 17, reflecting slight @entity3147 . On the EAT scale, 68 @entity1 (8.8%) had scores that were indicative of illness or risk of illness, and 25 (3.3%) could be diagnosed as having eating @entity146 according to DSM-IV criteria. According to the CIMEC questionnaire, 104 @entity1 (13.5%) were found to be significantly vulnerable to media pressures, and 85 (11.1%) were considered highly vulnerable. Parents' comments on eating behavior were related with the results on the EAT-40 CIMEC questionnaires (P=.01). No statistically significant relationship was found between family climate scores and the scores on the EAT-40 or CIMEC questionnaires. Students in rural or suburban area schools scored higher on the EAT-40 (P=.04) and CIMEC (P=.01) than students in urban or city center schools. CONCLUSION: The identification of @entity1 considered at risk will allow us to use primary prevention programs more efficiently.

title: [Risk factors related with XXXX in a community of adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: This study was done to determine the independent predictors of long-term survival and long-term functional outcome in @entity64 @entity1 with a high level of co-morbidity. We prospectively recruited 302 consecutive @entity1 transferred from local hospitals of acute care to inpatient geriatric rehabilitation with a median of 23 days after @entity64 . The cohort with a mean age of 75.1 (range 60-90) years was followed up for 2 years after discharge from rehabilitation. The 24 month survival rate was 71.2%. Urinary continence (p = 0.000), younger age (p = 0.000), and absence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) (p = 0.039) were predictors of survival. Independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index (BI) > or = 85) 24 months after discharge was 43.2% and predicted by an admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.000), urinary continence (p = 0.007), and absence of @entity453 (p = 0.018). Good functional outcome by the Modified Rankin Scale ( @entity7748 < or = 3) 24 months after discharge was 38.4%. It was predicted by absence of @entity453 (p = 0.001), first-ever @entity64 (p = 0.014), admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.024), urinary continence (p = 0.025), mild motor paresis (p = 0.032), and good sitting balance (p = 0.039). Our study of a relatively aged and co-morbid @entity64 cohort confirmed most of the well-known predictors of outcome. A new result is that @entity453 also seems to be an important determinant of long-term outcome.

title: Predictors of favorable outcome in elderly XXXX @entity1 two years after discharge from geriatric rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'geriatric stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: This study was done to determine the independent predictors of long-term survival and long-term functional outcome in @entity64 @entity1 with a high level of co-morbidity. We prospectively recruited 302 consecutive @entity1 transferred from local hospitals of acute care to inpatient geriatric rehabilitation with a median of 23 days after @entity64 . The cohort with a mean age of 75.1 (range 60-90) years was followed up for 2 years after discharge from rehabilitation. The 24 month survival rate was 71.2%. Urinary continence (p = 0.000), younger age (p = 0.000), and absence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) (p = 0.039) were predictors of survival. Independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index (BI) > or = 85) 24 months after discharge was 43.2% and predicted by an admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.000), urinary continence (p = 0.007), and absence of @entity453 (p = 0.018). Good functional outcome by the Modified Rankin Scale ( @entity7748 < or = 3) 24 months after discharge was 38.4%. It was predicted by absence of @entity453 (p = 0.001), first-ever @entity64 (p = 0.014), admission BI > or = 50 (p = 0.024), urinary continence (p = 0.025), mild motor paresis (p = 0.032), and good sitting balance (p = 0.039). Our study of a relatively aged and co-morbid @entity64 cohort confirmed most of the well-known predictors of outcome. A new result is that @entity453 also seems to be an important determinant of long-term outcome.

title: Predictors of favorable outcome in elderly @entity64 XXXX two years after discharge from geriatric rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity951 is a common medical condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate and normally requires medical therapy to control symptoms. The impact of angina and treatment strategies are gauged almost solely on clinical measurements. This approach does not provide insight into the effects of the disease from the @entity1 ' perspectives. Understanding these effects enables a @entity1 centred approach to care, which may facilitate adherence to treatment strategies. Previous studies examining @entity299 from the @entity1 ' perspective have tended to focus on @entity583 or coronary surgery and not, as this study does, on angina per se. Unstructured interviews of seven @entity1 with clinically stable @entity951 were carried out and analysed using a phenomenological approach. Seven themes were identified: limitation and adjustment; resignation; indignation; caution; reluctant compliance; surprise; and the unknown. @entity1 made adjustments to their lifestyles because of the limitations imposed on them by angina. These changes were accepted reluctantly, initially with annoyance, but ultimately with resignation. They were cautious in everyday activities to avoid something 'worse' happening. On the whole, they were surprised that they had developed the disease despite little understanding of risk factors. They had not considered the long-term effects of the disease. @entity951 @entity1 need to have access to information sources to understand the disease and to make adjustments to their lives. An opportunity to discuss the disease with a specialist health care professional is essential. The study showed that phenomenology has a contribution to make in areas such as cardiology where the research agenda is predominantly positivistic.

title: Living with XXXX --a phenomenological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina pectoris', 'Angina', 'angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity9 is mediated in part by an increase in the density of voltage-sensitive @entity1372 channels in injured axons and the dorsal root ganglion of injured axons. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, analgesic efficacy, and tolerability of oral 4030W92 (a new novel @entity1372 channel blocker) in a group of subjects with chronic @entity9 . This study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 41 subjects with @entity9 with a prominent @entity1931 . Each subject received a 2-week course of 4030W92 (25 mg/day) and placebo separated by a 2-week washout period. At baseline, postdose day 1, day 7, and day 14, the following were measured: (1) spontaneous and evoked @entity158 scores, (2) dynamic and static @entity1931 mapping, (3) Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and (4) blood sample for 4030W92 assay. At baseline and day 14 the following were measured: (1) thermal testing in the @entity158 area, (2) Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Questionnaire, and (3) @entity1 global satisfaction. Allodynia severity was significantly lower (P = .046) on treatment day 1, postdose for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained on treatment day 7 or 14. The area of static @entity1931 was significantly smaller (P = .03) on treatment day 7 for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained to treatment day 14. There was no significant effect of 4030W92 on any other efficacy measure. Side effects were minimal. 4030W92, at 25 mg/day, produced a nonsignificant @entity158 without treatment limiting side effects. The maximum analgesic effect of this drug remains unknown.

title: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation of a short course of 4030W92 in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity9 is mediated in part by an increase in the density of voltage-sensitive @entity1372 channels in injured axons and the dorsal root ganglion of injured axons. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety, analgesic efficacy, and tolerability of oral 4030W92 (a new novel @entity1372 channel blocker) in a group of subjects with chronic @entity9 . This study used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 41 subjects with @entity9 with a prominent @entity1931 . Each subject received a 2-week course of 4030W92 (25 mg/day) and placebo separated by a 2-week washout period. At baseline, postdose day 1, day 7, and day 14, the following were measured: (1) spontaneous and evoked @entity158 scores, (2) dynamic and static @entity1931 mapping, (3) Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and (4) blood sample for 4030W92 assay. At baseline and day 14 the following were measured: (1) thermal testing in the @entity158 area, (2) Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Questionnaire, and (3) @entity1 global satisfaction. Allodynia severity was significantly lower (P = .046) on treatment day 1, postdose for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained on treatment day 7 or 14. The area of static @entity1931 was significantly smaller (P = .03) on treatment day 7 for 4030W92 compared to placebo. However, this was not maintained to treatment day 14. There was no significant effect of 4030W92 on any other efficacy measure. Side effects were minimal. 4030W92, at 25 mg/day, produced a nonsignificant @entity158 without treatment limiting side effects. The maximum analgesic effect of this drug remains unknown.

title: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover evaluation of a short course of 4030W92 in XXXX with chronic @entity9 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Aberrant movement patterns and postures are obvious to clinicians managing @entity1 with @entity4512 . However, some changes in motor function that occur in the presence of @entity158 are less apparent. Clinical and basic science investigations have provided evidence of the effects of nociception on aspects of motor function. Both increases and decreases in muscle activity have been shown, along with alterations in neuronal control mechanisms, proprioception, and local muscle morphology. Various models have been proposed in an attempt to provide an explanation for some of these changes. These include the vicious cycle and @entity158 adaptation models. Recent research has seen the emergence of a new model in which patterns of muscle activation and recruitment are altered in the presence of @entity158 (neuromuscular activation model). These changes seem to particularly affect the ability of muscles to perform synergistic functions related to maintaining joint stability and control. These changes are believed to persist into the period of chronicity. This review shows current knowledge of the effect of @entity4512 on the motor system and presents the various proposed models, in addition to other shown effects not covered by these models. The relevance of these models to both acute and chronic @entity158 is considered. It is apparent that @entity1 experiencing @entity4512 exhibit complex motor responses that may show some variation with the time course of the disorder.

title: The effect of XXXX on motor activity and control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity3791 , already found to be helpful in decreasing @entity1103 in @entity1 with @entity6391 , was also effective in the treatment of @entity1103 in @entity989 . METHODS: Two randomized age- and sex-matched groups (cases and controls) of 12 @entity6 (five Type 1 and seven Type 2) were selected for this pilot study and graded for @entity989 (Early Treatment of @entity6 Study-Airlie House Classification). Cases were treated with @entity3791 for three months according to a standard protocol. The Early Treatment of @entity6 Study chart was used for assessing far-best corrected @entity227 , and @entity941 angiography was performed using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph. The Amsler grid-test and computerized-perimetry (Octopus 2000R) were also performed. RESULTS: @entity941 -angiographic findings and perimetric data improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the @entity3791 -treated cases compared to the controls while @entity227 varied only slightly (p > 0.01). The Amsler grid-test resulted insignificant in our study (p > 0.05). No adverse effects or significant variations in laboratory tests were recorded. CONCLUSION: Further clinical investigations involving larger numbers of @entity1 and a longer follow-up are required to confirm these preliminary results. However, the present study seems to suggest that @entity3791 could be effective in reducing @entity941 -angiographic findings and improving perimetric data in @entity6 with macular @entity4 , even though the mechanism of action remains obscure. @entity227 varied only slightly.

title: Is XXXX effective in the treatment of @entity1103 ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual-acuity', 'visual-acuity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetics']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'nonproliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity3791 :: (MESH:D000086,Chemical) :: ['acetazolamide']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity3791 , already found to be helpful in decreasing @entity1103 in @entity1 with @entity6391 , was also effective in the treatment of @entity1103 in @entity989 . METHODS: Two randomized age- and sex-matched groups (cases and controls) of 12 @entity6 (five Type 1 and seven Type 2) were selected for this pilot study and graded for @entity989 (Early Treatment of @entity6 Study-Airlie House Classification). Cases were treated with @entity3791 for three months according to a standard protocol. The Early Treatment of @entity6 Study chart was used for assessing far-best corrected @entity227 , and @entity941 angiography was performed using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph. The Amsler grid-test and computerized-perimetry (Octopus 2000R) were also performed. RESULTS: @entity941 -angiographic findings and perimetric data improved significantly (p < 0.01) in the @entity3791 -treated cases compared to the controls while @entity227 varied only slightly (p > 0.01). The Amsler grid-test resulted insignificant in our study (p > 0.05). No adverse effects or significant variations in laboratory tests were recorded. CONCLUSION: Further clinical investigations involving larger numbers of @entity1 and a longer follow-up are required to confirm these preliminary results. However, the present study seems to suggest that @entity3791 could be effective in reducing @entity941 -angiographic findings and improving perimetric data in @entity6 with macular @entity4 , even though the mechanism of action remains obscure. @entity227 varied only slightly.

title: Is @entity3791 effective in the treatment of XXXX ? A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: Beroctocog alfa is a second generation recombinant factor @entity797 manufactured by removing the B-domain from factor @entity797 . This prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of beroctocog alfa in @entity1 of ages >= 12 years previously treated for severe @entity447 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects received beroctocog alfa as an on-demand treatment for acute @entity548 . RESULTS: The final hemostatic effect was excellent in 35 subjects (50%) and good in 26 subjects (37.1%). The drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 87.1%. The majority of acute @entity548 was treated by administering the study drug once (86.2%) or twice (10.0%), and the mean dose administered per single infusion was 28.55  6.53 IU/kg. Ten subjects underwent 12 surgical procedures, and hemostatic efficacy was excellent in seven cases (58.3%) and good in five cases (41.7%), showing a 100% efficacy rate. A total of 52 of 88 subjects (59.0%) experienced 168 adverse events. There were 18 serious adverse events (10.7%) in 11 subjects, and two (mild @entity1353 and @entity4 ) in one subject were related to the study drug. Only one subject formed a de novo factor @entity797 inhibitor, for an occurrence rate of 1.4% (one-sided 95% upper confidence limit: 3.85%). The final elimination half-life was 13.3 h and 12.6 h at baseline and 6 months after administration, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that beroctocog alfa is safe and efficacious as either an on-demand treatment for acute @entity548 or a surgical prophylaxis in @entity1 with @entity447 .

title: Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Beroctocog Alfa in @entity1 Previously Treated for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial edema']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Hemophilia A']


abstract: PURPOSE: Beroctocog alfa is a second generation recombinant factor @entity797 manufactured by removing the B-domain from factor @entity797 . This prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of beroctocog alfa in @entity1 of ages >= 12 years previously treated for severe @entity447 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy subjects received beroctocog alfa as an on-demand treatment for acute @entity548 . RESULTS: The final hemostatic effect was excellent in 35 subjects (50%) and good in 26 subjects (37.1%). The drug showed an overall efficacy rate of 87.1%. The majority of acute @entity548 was treated by administering the study drug once (86.2%) or twice (10.0%), and the mean dose administered per single infusion was 28.55  6.53 IU/kg. Ten subjects underwent 12 surgical procedures, and hemostatic efficacy was excellent in seven cases (58.3%) and good in five cases (41.7%), showing a 100% efficacy rate. A total of 52 of 88 subjects (59.0%) experienced 168 adverse events. There were 18 serious adverse events (10.7%) in 11 subjects, and two (mild @entity1353 and @entity4 ) in one subject were related to the study drug. Only one subject formed a de novo factor @entity797 inhibitor, for an occurrence rate of 1.4% (one-sided 95% upper confidence limit: 3.85%). The final elimination half-life was 13.3 h and 12.6 h at baseline and 6 months after administration, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that beroctocog alfa is safe and efficacious as either an on-demand treatment for acute @entity548 or a surgical prophylaxis in @entity1 with @entity447 .

title: Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Beroctocog Alfa in XXXX Previously Treated for @entity447 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Radiation dose escalation may be a means to increase the local control rate of inoperable @entity2 . Treatment plans involve the creation of a uniform planning target volume ( @entity343 ) to ensure proper coverage despite @entity1 breathing and setup error. This may lead to unnecessary radiation of normal tissue in shallow breathers or target underdosing for @entity1 with excess internal motion. Therefore, the nature of @entity5 motion for each @entity1 should be measured in 3D, something that cannot be done with CT alone. We have developed a method that acquires 2D real-time fluoroscopic images (loops) and coregisters them with 2D digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) formed from the CT scan. The limitations of CT to encompass motion can be overcome by merging the two modalities together. The accuracy of the coregistration method is tested with a stationary grid of radio-opaque markers at various spatial positions. The in-plane (at-depth) displacement between markers on the fluoroscopic image versus the DRR varies with position across the image due to slight misalignments between the x-ray source used in fluoroscopy and the virtual source used for the DRR relative to the test object. At clinically relevant positions, the maximum, measured in-plane displacement, is 1.1 mm. The method is applied to the thorax of an anthropomorphic phantom and a good fit is observed between the appearances of the bony anatomical structures on the coregistered image. Finally, a series of motion measurements are carried out on two oscillating cylindrical objects. The degree of motion as measured by fluoroscopy is accurate to within 1.0 mm, whereas the DRR is inconsistent in predicting motion. The coregistration of fluoroscopic loops with the DRR shows at what point within the oscillation the DRR fails to encompass motion. For any treatment site involving target motion, this real-time imaging is a useful asset in the planning stage.

title: Integration of digital fluoroscopy with CT-based radiation therapy planning of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: The present study aimed to establish simple systems for measuring fecal @entity134 hormones in order to monitor the reproductive profiles of captive Hokkaido @entity16745 . The efficiency of fecal sample processing at the steps of dehydration and extraction and the correlation between @entity134 concentrations in matched fecal and blood samples were studied. Then, monthly changes in fecal @entity53 -17 beta and @entity1420 in female bears, and @entity251 in male bears were examined. The procedure was finalized as follows. Fecal samples were dried at 100 degrees C for 3 hr and extracted with @entity4543 . The @entity4543 in the extracts was evaporated and residues were reconstituted in @entity1068 for the assays. @entity9646 concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of @entity1420 and @entity251 in fecal and plasma samples were correlated in the systems. The changes in fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 concentrations were similar to those in serum concentrations of bears as reported previously. In contrast, fecal @entity53 concentrations did not correlate with plasma levels probably because of the time lag in excretion. However, the changes in @entity53 -17 beta concentrations in feces in the present study were similar to those reported in serum. In conclusion, fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 assay systems appear practical for monitoring ovarian and testicular activities without immobilization, though methodological improvements and further validation may be required. For the fecal @entity53 -17 beta assay, there is a need to solve the problem of excretion time lag before the system can be used in the study of reproductive physiology.

title: Efficiency of fecal XXXX hormone measurement for assessing reproductive function in the Hokkaido @entity16745 ( @entity16745 yesoensis).

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl ether']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The present study aimed to establish simple systems for measuring fecal @entity134 hormones in order to monitor the reproductive profiles of captive Hokkaido @entity16745 . The efficiency of fecal sample processing at the steps of dehydration and extraction and the correlation between @entity134 concentrations in matched fecal and blood samples were studied. Then, monthly changes in fecal @entity53 -17 beta and @entity1420 in female bears, and @entity251 in male bears were examined. The procedure was finalized as follows. Fecal samples were dried at 100 degrees C for 3 hr and extracted with @entity4543 . The @entity4543 in the extracts was evaporated and residues were reconstituted in @entity1068 for the assays. @entity9646 concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of @entity1420 and @entity251 in fecal and plasma samples were correlated in the systems. The changes in fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 concentrations were similar to those in serum concentrations of bears as reported previously. In contrast, fecal @entity53 concentrations did not correlate with plasma levels probably because of the time lag in excretion. However, the changes in @entity53 -17 beta concentrations in feces in the present study were similar to those reported in serum. In conclusion, fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 assay systems appear practical for monitoring ovarian and testicular activities without immobilization, though methodological improvements and further validation may be required. For the fecal @entity53 -17 beta assay, there is a need to solve the problem of excretion time lag before the system can be used in the study of reproductive physiology.

title: Efficiency of fecal @entity134 hormone measurement for assessing reproductive function in the Hokkaido XXXX ( @entity16745 yesoensis).

answer: @entity16745 :: (9644,Species) :: ['brown bear']


abstract: The present study aimed to establish simple systems for measuring fecal @entity134 hormones in order to monitor the reproductive profiles of captive Hokkaido @entity16745 . The efficiency of fecal sample processing at the steps of dehydration and extraction and the correlation between @entity134 concentrations in matched fecal and blood samples were studied. Then, monthly changes in fecal @entity53 -17 beta and @entity1420 in female bears, and @entity251 in male bears were examined. The procedure was finalized as follows. Fecal samples were dried at 100 degrees C for 3 hr and extracted with @entity4543 . The @entity4543 in the extracts was evaporated and residues were reconstituted in @entity1068 for the assays. @entity9646 concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. Concentrations of @entity1420 and @entity251 in fecal and plasma samples were correlated in the systems. The changes in fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 concentrations were similar to those in serum concentrations of bears as reported previously. In contrast, fecal @entity53 concentrations did not correlate with plasma levels probably because of the time lag in excretion. However, the changes in @entity53 -17 beta concentrations in feces in the present study were similar to those reported in serum. In conclusion, fecal @entity1420 and @entity251 assay systems appear practical for monitoring ovarian and testicular activities without immobilization, though methodological improvements and further validation may be required. For the fecal @entity53 -17 beta assay, there is a need to solve the problem of excretion time lag before the system can be used in the study of reproductive physiology.

title: Efficiency of fecal @entity134 hormone measurement for assessing reproductive function in the Hokkaido @entity16745 ( XXXX yesoensis).

answer: @entity16745 :: (9644,Species) :: ['Ursus arctos']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate superiorities of a special needle-over-cannula adopting different location methods for continuous femoral @entity616 (CFNB) for @entity1746 . METHODS: 60 elderly @entity1 intending to receive scheduled knee or hip replacement surgery were recruited and divided into 3 groups randomly. Group 1 (n=20) adopted fascial pop for continuous femoral @entity616 and @entity86 with indwelling cannula. Group 2 (n=20) adopted location guided by B ultrasound, and Group 3 (n=20) adopted fascial pop combined with B ultrasound. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the performing time of cannula indwelling on average between each two groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference among three groups about visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Ramsay sedation score (RSS), incidence of @entity390 and vomit, or @entity1 's satisfaction at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Infection at the puncture site, toxic reaction of local anesthetics and @entity1576 were absent during the cannula indwelling. All the @entity1 did not receive any other analgesic, and the indwelling time of external cannula was 45.3 hours on average. There was only one @entity1 in group 2 who felt mild @entity158 in front of the thigh after removing the indwelling cannula. No stolidity or other abnormal symptom was found among the remaining @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Shorter indwelling cannula time and higher success rate of single attempt placement suggest that fascial pop combined ultrasound guidance is worth for clinical recommendation.

title: Special needle over cannula for XXXX in @entity1746 .

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric lower extremity joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate superiorities of a special needle-over-cannula adopting different location methods for continuous femoral @entity616 (CFNB) for @entity1746 . METHODS: 60 elderly @entity1 intending to receive scheduled knee or hip replacement surgery were recruited and divided into 3 groups randomly. Group 1 (n=20) adopted fascial pop for continuous femoral @entity616 and @entity86 with indwelling cannula. Group 2 (n=20) adopted location guided by B ultrasound, and Group 3 (n=20) adopted fascial pop combined with B ultrasound. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the performing time of cannula indwelling on average between each two groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference among three groups about visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Ramsay sedation score (RSS), incidence of @entity390 and vomit, or @entity1 's satisfaction at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Infection at the puncture site, toxic reaction of local anesthetics and @entity1576 were absent during the cannula indwelling. All the @entity1 did not receive any other analgesic, and the indwelling time of external cannula was 45.3 hours on average. There was only one @entity1 in group 2 who felt mild @entity158 in front of the thigh after removing the indwelling cannula. No stolidity or other abnormal symptom was found among the remaining @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Shorter indwelling cannula time and higher success rate of single attempt placement suggest that fascial pop combined ultrasound guidance is worth for clinical recommendation.

title: Special needle over cannula for @entity86 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['geriatric lower extremity joint arthroplasty']


abstract: The cognitive (executive) ability of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) deteriorates gradually during the progression of the disease. Fluency of speech, word finding, working memory, ability to plan the future and flexibility decline. @entity73 was found to be proportional with the speech, posture, gait and balance problems and can not be influenced by L-dopa substitution. Apart the dorsal and ventral mesolimbic dopaminergic systems the coerulo-cortical noradrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic systems are also impaired in @entity191 . Subcortical @entity303 in @entity191 can also be explained by the functional disability of dorsolateral and anterior cingular circuits. @entity71 can be explained by the @entity935 depletion of cingular cortex. Cortical Lewy bodies, @entity3072 , neurit plaques and additional vascular pathology should also play a role in @entity73 of @entity191 . In several @entity14827 associating with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) i.e. @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ), @entity528 ( @entity528 ), @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) @entity303 can be detected with various severity, therefore the question arises concerning the correlation between @entity73 and @entity191 . @entity304 can also develop in @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), @entity195 and @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) but no correlation exists between motor disability and severity of @entity303 . In @entity1832 can be the initial symptom in 18% of cases but @entity191 can also preceeds the @entity303 . In @entity7463 profound depletion of other monoaminergic neurotransmitter system was also reported. In @entity26630 associated with @entity191 @entity528 , locus coeruleus and basal nucleus of Meynert has been reported with increased number of @entity3072 . In @entity1 with vascular @entity191 (VP) there is generally no @entity400 and @entity2003 , @entity12911 , @entity303 , gate disturbance, incontinency appears; L-dopa treatment is generally ineffective. In VP no cellular loss can be found within the substantia nigra, but @entity10334 , lacunae in the white matter and basal ganglia are commonly demonstrated.

title: [ XXXX and @entity73 ].

entities_list: @entity12911 :: ('MESH:D020828', 'Disease') :: ['but pseudobulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disability', 'Cognitive disturbance']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['Attention deficit']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's syndrome", "Parkinson's-disease", 'PD', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy', 'MSA']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['CLBD dementia', 'cortical Lewy body disease', 'CLBD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementias', 'FTD']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of substantia nigra', 'corticobasal degeneration', 'CBD']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['systemic degenerative diseases']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['Parkinson syndrome']


abstract: The cognitive (executive) ability of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) deteriorates gradually during the progression of the disease. Fluency of speech, word finding, working memory, ability to plan the future and flexibility decline. @entity73 was found to be proportional with the speech, posture, gait and balance problems and can not be influenced by L-dopa substitution. Apart the dorsal and ventral mesolimbic dopaminergic systems the coerulo-cortical noradrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic systems are also impaired in @entity191 . Subcortical @entity303 in @entity191 can also be explained by the functional disability of dorsolateral and anterior cingular circuits. @entity71 can be explained by the @entity935 depletion of cingular cortex. Cortical Lewy bodies, @entity3072 , neurit plaques and additional vascular pathology should also play a role in @entity73 of @entity191 . In several @entity14827 associating with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) i.e. @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ), @entity528 ( @entity528 ), @entity9576 ( @entity9576 ) @entity303 can be detected with various severity, therefore the question arises concerning the correlation between @entity73 and @entity191 . @entity304 can also develop in @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), @entity195 and @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) but no correlation exists between motor disability and severity of @entity303 . In @entity1832 can be the initial symptom in 18% of cases but @entity191 can also preceeds the @entity303 . In @entity7463 profound depletion of other monoaminergic neurotransmitter system was also reported. In @entity26630 associated with @entity191 @entity528 , locus coeruleus and basal nucleus of Meynert has been reported with increased number of @entity3072 . In @entity1 with vascular @entity191 (VP) there is generally no @entity400 and @entity2003 , @entity12911 , @entity303 , gate disturbance, incontinency appears; L-dopa treatment is generally ineffective. In VP no cellular loss can be found within the substantia nigra, but @entity10334 , lacunae in the white matter and basal ganglia are commonly demonstrated.

title: [ @entity304 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of miRNAs with clinical characteristics of ACS. METHODS: 50 ACS @entity1 and 50 healthy controls were randomly selected. On the basis of miRNA expression levels, ACS @entity1 were classified as low miRNA expression group (fold change: <3) and high miRNA expression group (>= 3). RESULTS: @entity16381 expression increased markedly in the serum exosomes of ACS @entity1 , and @entity16381 expression in the serum of ACS @entity1 was also significantly higher than that in healthy controls. However, the sensitivity of serum @entity16381 was inferior to that of exosome @entity16381 . Analysis of clinical characteristics showed the mean age of 500 ACS @entity1 was 62.35  9.70 years, and there were 300 @entity1 in low @entity16381 expression group and 200 @entity1 in high @entity16381 expression group. When compared with low @entity16381 expression group, @entity1 with high @entity16381 expression were older, and had higher Killip class, higher CK-MB peak, higher cTnT peak and elevated LDL (P<0.05). Within 1-year follow up, 32 @entity1 died including 10 in low @entity16381 expression group with the mortality of 3.3% and 22 in high @entity16381 expression group with the mortality of 11.0%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 1-year survival rate reduced significantly in @entity1 with high @entity16381 expression. CONCLUSION: miRNA-208a expression is significantly up-regulated in the serum exosomes of ACS @entity1 and is crucial for the diagnosis of ACS.

title: Correlation between serum exosome derived XXXX and acute coronary syndrome.

answer: @entity16381 :: (406990,Gene) :: ['miR-208a']


abstract: The appearance of viral strains that are resistant to protease inhibitors is one of the most serious problems in the chemotherapy of @entity2858 / @entity791 . The most pervasive drug-resistant mutants are those that affect all inhibitors in clinical use. In this paper, we have characterized a multiple-drug-resistant mutant of the @entity2858 protease that affects @entity5190 , @entity5191 , @entity485 , @entity486 , @entity5192 , and @entity5195 . This mutant (MDR-HM) contains six @entity535 mutations ( @entity50359 / @entity70616 / @entity55498 / @entity28298 / @entity28297 / @entity43320 ) located within and outside the active site of the enzyme. Microcalorimetric and enzyme kinetic measurements indicate that this mutant lowers the affinity of all inhibitors by 2-3 orders of magnitude. By comparison, the multiiple-drug-resistant mutant only increased the K(m) of the substrate by a factor of 2, indicating that the substrate is able to adapt to the changes caused by the mutations and maintain its binding affinity. To understand the origin of resistance, three submutants containing mutations in specific regions were also studied, i.e., the active site ( @entity28298 / @entity28297 ), flap region ( @entity70616 / @entity55498 ), and dimerization region ( @entity50359 / @entity43320 ). None of these sets of mutations by themselves lowered the affinity of inhibitors by more than 1 order of magnitude, and additionally, the sum of the effects of each set of mutations did not add up to the overall effect, indicating the presence of cooperative effects. A mutant containing only the four active site mutations ( @entity28298 / @entity28297 / @entity70616 / @entity55498 ) only showed a small cooperative effect, suggesting that the mutations at the dimer interface ( @entity50359 / @entity43320 ) play a major role in eliciting a cooperative response. These studies demonstrate that cooperative interactions contribute an average of 1.2 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol to the overall resistance, most of the cooperative effect (0.8 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol) being mediated by the mutations at the dimerization interface. Not all inhibitors in clinical use are affected the same by long-range cooperative interactions between mutations. These interactions can amplify the effects of individual mutations by factors ranging between 2 and 40 depending on the inhibitor. Dissection of the energetics of drug resistance into enthalpic and entropic components provides a quantitative account of the inhibitor response and a set of thermodynamic guidelines for the design of inhibitors with a lower susceptibility to this type of mutations.

title: Multidrug resistance to XXXX protease inhibition requires cooperative coupling between distal mutations.

entities_list: @entity5191 :: ('MESH:D019888', 'Chemical') :: ['nelfinavir']

entities_list: @entity5192 :: ('MESH:C095108', 'Chemical') :: ['amprenavir']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity28298 :: ('p|SUB|V|82|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V82A']

entities_list: @entity43320 :: ('p|SUB|L|90|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L90M']

entities_list: @entity50359 :: ('p|SUB|L|10|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['L10I']

entities_list: @entity70616 :: ('p|SUB|M|46|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['M46I']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity28297 :: ('p|SUB|I|84|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I84V']

entities_list: @entity55498 :: ('p|SUB|I|54|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I54V']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report results of @entity5880 treated by a single group over 20 years. METHODS: Retrospective review. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were treated, 10 with @entity281 . All had @entity615 , 88% were febrile, 71% had @entity491 , and 24% were hemodynamically unstable. The most common responsible organism was @entity794 (29%) followed by @entity5746 organisms (24%). All suprarenal infections were gram-positive organisms. @entity281 were treated with preliminary axillofemoral bypass followed by aortic resection. @entity281 were treated with either in situ prosthetic graft or patch repairs. Operative survival was 90% for infrarenal and 57% for suprarenal infections. Operative @entity204 occurred in the setting of overwhelming @entity295 and/or severe preoperative @entity1344 . There was no limb loss, @entity177 , or @entity63 . Late @entity204 occurred in 4 @entity1 at 1.3 to 6.3 years postoperatively and were unrelated to their aortic repairs. Nine @entity1 remain alive with a median follow-up of 2 years. There have been no late aortic or graft infections. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of @entity1344 and uncontrolled @entity295 , @entity5880 can be successfully repaired with durable results.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['infected aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Suprarenal infections', 'Infrarenal infections', 'infrarenal and 7 suprarenal infections']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal/back pain']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity5880 :: (MESH:D000785,Disease) :: ['infected aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The roots of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian @entity9052 ) have been indicated for the treatment of @entity66 , among which the @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible antineoplastic effect of this root. Firstly, a @entity137 study was performed in which the doses of 400 and 200 mg/Kg of the powdered root were administered by gavage for 10 days to BALB/cICB @entity19 . The @entity19 did not lose weight during the treatment. No increase in serum @entity493 -aminotransferase neither histopathological alteration (liver, kidney and spleen) was observed in @entity19 treated with P. paniculata. The effect of this root on the ascitic @entity8270 in BALB/cICB @entity19 was then investigated. Male @entity19 received, by gavage, once a day, 200 mg/Kg of the powdered root of P. paniculata or distilled water, as control, for 20 days. This protocol started 10 days before @entity5 inoculation with 5 x 10(6) cells i.p., and lasted until 10 days after. The @entity5 was evaluated by the quantification of the volume of the ascitic fluid, relative number of @entity5 cells and total number of @entity5 cells. A decrease in the total ascitic volume was observed in P. paniculata treated @entity19 , that was followed by a numerical decrease in the total number of @entity8270 cells. These results may indicate that P. paniculata anti-inflammatory effects were responsible by the decrease in the total ascitic fluid. In addition, the presence of @entity5 -cell inhibitory factors in P. paniculata roots is in agreement with other in vitro studies. The mechanisms of such @entity5 inhibition should be further investigated.

title: Effect of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian @entity9052 ) on the XXXX in its ascitic form.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['several diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'ascitic tumor']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich tumor']

answer: @entity8270 :: (MESH:D002286,Disease) :: ['Ehrlich tumor']


abstract: The roots of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian @entity9052 ) have been indicated for the treatment of @entity66 , among which the @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible antineoplastic effect of this root. Firstly, a @entity137 study was performed in which the doses of 400 and 200 mg/Kg of the powdered root were administered by gavage for 10 days to BALB/cICB @entity19 . The @entity19 did not lose weight during the treatment. No increase in serum @entity493 -aminotransferase neither histopathological alteration (liver, kidney and spleen) was observed in @entity19 treated with P. paniculata. The effect of this root on the ascitic @entity8270 in BALB/cICB @entity19 was then investigated. Male @entity19 received, by gavage, once a day, 200 mg/Kg of the powdered root of P. paniculata or distilled water, as control, for 20 days. This protocol started 10 days before @entity5 inoculation with 5 x 10(6) cells i.p., and lasted until 10 days after. The @entity5 was evaluated by the quantification of the volume of the ascitic fluid, relative number of @entity5 cells and total number of @entity5 cells. A decrease in the total ascitic volume was observed in P. paniculata treated @entity19 , that was followed by a numerical decrease in the total number of @entity8270 cells. These results may indicate that P. paniculata anti-inflammatory effects were responsible by the decrease in the total ascitic fluid. In addition, the presence of @entity5 -cell inhibitory factors in P. paniculata roots is in agreement with other in vitro studies. The mechanisms of such @entity5 inhibition should be further investigated.

title: Effect of Pfaffia paniculata (Brazilian XXXX ) on the @entity8270 in its ascitic form.

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: Interventional radiologists have been performing image-guided spinal procedures for many years. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a newer technique in which a medical grade cement is injected though a needle into a @entity158 . This stabilizes the @entity174 , allowing most @entity1 to discontinue or significantly decrease analgesics and resume normal activity. The impact of this procedure on the morbidity and expense associated with symptomatic @entity3814 in the United States may be significant. @entity1 who are unresponsive to conservative therapy of bed rest, analgesics, and back bracing should be considered for vertebroplasty. This procedure is contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity281 , @entity1003 , and certain types of @entity174 morphology. Because many @entity1 have multiple chronic @entity174 , there should be a strong correlation between the physical examination signs, symptoms, and cross-sectional imaging findings. The success rate for this procedure in treating @entity3604 is 73 to 90 percent. Vertebroplasty can effectively treat aggressive @entity2695 of the vertebral body and may be palliative in @entity1 with @entity174 . Significant complications of the procedure are less than 1 percent.

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: new treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malignant pathologic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['untreated coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful fractured vertebral body']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: A new procedure is developed for the extraction of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from the particulate phase of cigarette smoke. The procedure applies solid-phase extraction using a Bond Elut CH cartridge as a sample preparation step. The efficiency of the cleanup procedure is verified using a gas chromatographic (GC)-high-resolution mass spectrometric (MS) technique, proving that no interference occurs in the @entity2556 ' determination. The efficient cleanup allows GC detection using either high- or low-resolution MS detection. Enhanced sensitivity is obtained using GC-MS and selected ion monitoring. This new technique has several advantages over other reported techniques. The method is simple and robust and has good repeatability and accuracy. The estimated detection limit is 0.1 ng/cigarette for @entity3014 . In addition to that, the recovery from the smoke pad in which the smoke is collected is approximately 97% for all @entity2556 . Results for the PAH analyses for 1R5F, 1R4F, and 1R3 Kentucky reference cigarettes are reported in this study. These results provide useful evidence for clarifying the controversy about previously reported data.

title: Analysis of XXXX in the particulate phase of cigarette smoke using a gas chromatographic-high-resolution mass spectrometric technique.

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Disorders of vascular function contribute importantly to @entity65 which represents a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An emerging paradigm in the study of @entity65 is that protein ubiquitination and turnover represent key pathological mechanisms. Our understanding of these processes in the vasculature is growing but remains incomplete. Since protein ubiquitination and turnover can represent a terminal event in the life of a given protein, entry into these pathways must be highly regulated. However, at present understanding of these regulatory mechanisms, particularly in the vasculature, is fragmentary. The @entity20379 ( @entity20379 ) signalosome (CSN) is a heteromeric protein complex implicated in the control of protein degradation. The CSN participates critically in the control of Cullin Ring Ligases (CRLs), at least in part via the detachment of a small protein, @entity16929 (deneddylation). CRLs are one of the largest groups of ubiquitin ligases, which represent the most selective control point for protein ubiquitination. Thus, the CSN by virtue of its ability to control the CRLs ubiquitin ligase activity is ideally positioned to effect selective modulation of protein turnover. This review surveys currently available data regarding the potential role of the CSN in control of vascular function. Data potentially linking the CSN to control of regulatory proteins involved in vascular smooth muscle proliferation and to vascular smooth muscle contraction are presented with the intent of providing potentially intriguing possibilities for future investigation.

title: The XXXX signalosome and vascular function: intriguing possibilities?

entities_list: @entity20379 :: ('10920', 'Gene') :: ['COP9', 'constitutive photomorphogenic mutant 9']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity20379 :: (10920,Gene) :: ['COP9']


abstract: The present study was conducted to clarify the role of @entity6006 ( @entity6006 ) in @entity528 after @entity63 . Transient @entity63 was induced in Mongolian gerbils by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries for 5 min. We investigated @entity6006 expression in the hippocampus after @entity63 by immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization histochemistry. The results showed that @entity6006 is expressed in control CAI and @entity1400 neurons. In @entity1399 , the amount of the @entity6006 transcript immediately increased, then disappeared 2 days after @entity63 . Delayed @entity528 followed 1 day later. However, @entity6006 immunoreactivity in @entity1399 rapidly decreased and disappeared 12 h after transient @entity63 , proceeding to delayed @entity528 . In contrast, the expression of both @entity6006 protein and the transcript was well preserved throughout the study in @entity1400 , which remained viable even after @entity63 . Accordingly, the selective neuronal susceptibility in the @entity1399 to @entity63 corresponded with rapid disappearance of @entity6006 . @entity6006 expression may contribute to neuroprotective effect after @entity63 .

title: Expression of platelet-derived growth factor after transient XXXX in the gerbil hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity6006 :: ('5155', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-B', 'platelet-derived growth factor-B chain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['forebrain ischemia']


abstract: This work was aimed at characterizing structural changes in primary motor cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons and their relationship with microglial density induced by @entity922 using a @entity19 @entity3541 model. Adult @entity19 , expressing green fluorescent protein in microglia and yellow fluorescent protein in projecting neurons, were submitted to either unilateral section of the facial nerve or sham surgery. Injured animals were sacrificed either 1 or 3weeks after surgery. Two-photon excitation microscopy was then used for evaluating both layer 5 pyramidal neurons and microglia in vibrissal primary motor cortex (vM1). It was found that @entity922 induced long-lasting changes in the dendritic morphology of vM1 layer 5 pyramidal neurons and in their surrounding microglia. Dendritic arborization of the pyramidal cells underwent overall shrinkage. @entity661 suffered transient @entity3207 while basal dendrites displayed sustained @entity3207 . Moreover, dendrites suffered transient spine pruning. Significantly higher microglial cell density was found surrounding vM1 layer 5 pyramidal neurons after @entity922 with morphological bias towards the activated phenotype. These results suggest that @entity922 elicit active dendrite remodeling due to pyramidal neuron and microglia interaction, which could be the pathophysiological underpinning of some @entity1109 in @entity1 .

title: Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons' Dendritic Remodeling and Increased Microglial Density in Primary Motor Cortex in a @entity19 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic motor sequelae']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Apical dendrites']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve lesions', 'facial nerve lesion']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial Paralysis']


abstract: This work was aimed at characterizing structural changes in primary motor cortex layer 5 pyramidal neurons and their relationship with microglial density induced by @entity922 using a @entity19 @entity3541 model. Adult @entity19 , expressing green fluorescent protein in microglia and yellow fluorescent protein in projecting neurons, were submitted to either unilateral section of the facial nerve or sham surgery. Injured animals were sacrificed either 1 or 3weeks after surgery. Two-photon excitation microscopy was then used for evaluating both layer 5 pyramidal neurons and microglia in vibrissal primary motor cortex (vM1). It was found that @entity922 induced long-lasting changes in the dendritic morphology of vM1 layer 5 pyramidal neurons and in their surrounding microglia. Dendritic arborization of the pyramidal cells underwent overall shrinkage. @entity661 suffered transient @entity3207 while basal dendrites displayed sustained @entity3207 . Moreover, dendrites suffered transient spine pruning. Significantly higher microglial cell density was found surrounding vM1 layer 5 pyramidal neurons after @entity922 with morphological bias towards the activated phenotype. These results suggest that @entity922 elicit active dendrite remodeling due to pyramidal neuron and microglia interaction, which could be the pathophysiological underpinning of some @entity1109 in @entity1 .

title: Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons' Dendritic Remodeling and Increased Microglial Density in Primary Motor Cortex in a XXXX Model of @entity3541 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: Chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) attract and activate specific leukocyte subsets. With regard to their expression by brain parenchymal cells, they may represent the key molecules that control leukocyte entry into the subarachnoid space. In order to evaluate the contribution of chemokines in vivo, we determined the levels of @entity2842 , @entity10557 , @entity5737 , @entity687 , as well as of the sIL-2R in three @entity1 with proven herpes simplex @entity198 type 1 (HSE-1). CSF samples were drawn by a subarachnoid catheter system throughout the time course of hospitalisation. Results were compared to chemokine levels in serum drawn in parallel. The clinical status was documented by the Modified Barthel Index and correlated with chemokine levels in the CSF. The results were compared with the chemokine levels in the CSF of 17 control @entity1 with normal CSF routine parameters. High chemokine levels were detectable in the CSF of all HSE- @entity1 . @entity2842 peak levels were found at the time of admission, while maximal @entity687 levels occurred 4 to 8 h later. The levels of @entity10557 and @entity5737 were lower than those of @entity2842 with a maximum at the time of admission. In all @entity1 the levels of the sIL-2R increased later in the time course, at 14 to 20 h after admission. When the levels of @entity2842 were compared with the clinical status by Modified Barthel Index, we found a high reciprocal correlation (r=-0.82). Routine CSF parameters, such as leukocytes, albumin and immunoglobulins did not correlate with the clinical status. Chemokine levels in serum were found to be close to the detection limits of the ELISA systems. Our data suggest that chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSE. They may be useful parameters to monitor the stage and severity of the disease. The late increase of sIL2-R levels may indicate the beginning of the reconstitution phase.

title: Time course of chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum during herpes simplex type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: The recurrent cytogenetic (CG) abnormality t(14;19)(q32;q13) involving the oncogene @entity20927 is described in @entity1 with atypical @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). We report four @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) bearing t(14;19). All cases were female and their age ranged from 62 to 91. Histologically, there were two cases of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), both @entity2935 positive with atypical morphology, one case of @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ), and one case of @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ). One @entity1072 @entity1 showed t(14;19) as the sole abnormality and experienced a benign course for 8 years. The other three cases showed secondary CG progression, including tetraploidy, del(6q), t(8;22) and del(13q). These cases were @entity146 in clinical behavior, including an @entity1072 case which transformed to @entity706 in 4 months. Southern analysis and long distance PCR confirmed @entity20927 / @entity7513 Calpha translocation in one case. We propose that NHLs with t(14;19) may have evolved from the same spectrum of disease as @entity1072 . The poor prognosis of @entity66 is associated with the occurrence of recurrent secondary CG changes, commonly found in B cell lymphoproliferative diseases.

title: XXXX / @entity7513 translocation (14;19)(q32;q13) in @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['DLC lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['DLC-L', 'diffuse large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'atypical CLL', 'small lymphocytic lymphoma', 'SLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['BLL', 'Burkitt like lymphoma']

answer: @entity20927 :: (602,Gene) :: ['Bcl-3']


abstract: The recurrent cytogenetic (CG) abnormality t(14;19)(q32;q13) involving the oncogene @entity20927 is described in @entity1 with atypical @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). We report four @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) bearing t(14;19). All cases were female and their age ranged from 62 to 91. Histologically, there were two cases of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), both @entity2935 positive with atypical morphology, one case of @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ), and one case of @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ). One @entity1072 @entity1 showed t(14;19) as the sole abnormality and experienced a benign course for 8 years. The other three cases showed secondary CG progression, including tetraploidy, del(6q), t(8;22) and del(13q). These cases were @entity146 in clinical behavior, including an @entity1072 case which transformed to @entity706 in 4 months. Southern analysis and long distance PCR confirmed @entity20927 / @entity7513 Calpha translocation in one case. We propose that NHLs with t(14;19) may have evolved from the same spectrum of disease as @entity1072 . The poor prognosis of @entity66 is associated with the occurrence of recurrent secondary CG changes, commonly found in B cell lymphoproliferative diseases.

title: @entity20927 / @entity7513 translocation (14;19)(q32;q13) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: The recurrent cytogenetic (CG) abnormality t(14;19)(q32;q13) involving the oncogene @entity20927 is described in @entity1 with atypical @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). We report four @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) bearing t(14;19). All cases were female and their age ranged from 62 to 91. Histologically, there were two cases of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), both @entity2935 positive with atypical morphology, one case of @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ), and one case of @entity4812 ( @entity4812 ). One @entity1072 @entity1 showed t(14;19) as the sole abnormality and experienced a benign course for 8 years. The other three cases showed secondary CG progression, including tetraploidy, del(6q), t(8;22) and del(13q). These cases were @entity146 in clinical behavior, including an @entity1072 case which transformed to @entity706 in 4 months. Southern analysis and long distance PCR confirmed @entity20927 / @entity7513 Calpha translocation in one case. We propose that NHLs with t(14;19) may have evolved from the same spectrum of disease as @entity1072 . The poor prognosis of @entity66 is associated with the occurrence of recurrent secondary CG changes, commonly found in B cell lymphoproliferative diseases.

title: @entity20927 / XXXX translocation (14;19)(q32;q13) in @entity1893 .

answer: @entity7513 :: (3492,Gene) :: ['IgH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of @entity3126 after cardioversion of @entity943 . METHODS: Cases, case series, and related articles on the subject identified through a comprehensive literature search were examined. RESULTS: Thirty cases (23 males) of post cardioversion @entity3126 were identified. The mean age was 53.8 +/- 13 years (range, 18 to 75 years). Underlying @entity943 were @entity955 (69%), @entity956 (24%), @entity4710 (4%), and @entity1165 (4%). The duration of @entity943 preceding cardioversion varied widely ranging from 1 day to 13 years. Twenty-six (87%) @entity1 had concomitant @entity65 comprising of @entity453 (38%), @entity6331 (23%), @entity296 (23%), and @entity101 (8%). Direct current electrical cardioversion was used in 28 (93%) @entity1 and pacing in two (7%) @entity1 . Occurrence of @entity3126 was independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion (range 20 to 1280 Joules, mean 263 +/- 27 Joules). Short acting general anesthetic drugs were administered in 14 (47%) and sedation in eight (27%) @entity1 . Sinus rhythm was established in 23 (77%) @entity1 . Duration to develop @entity3126 after cardioversion was available in 23 @entity1 and ranged from immediately to 96 h. @entity3126 occurred within 15 min after cardioversion in 22%, within 3 h in 30%, within 24 h in 30%, within 48 h in 17% and within 96 h in remaining 4% of @entity1 . Three @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: The rare complication of @entity3126 after cardioversion has been reported mostly in @entity1 with underlying @entity299 , and is independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion.

title: @entity3126 after cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema', 'Pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of @entity3126 after cardioversion of @entity943 . METHODS: Cases, case series, and related articles on the subject identified through a comprehensive literature search were examined. RESULTS: Thirty cases (23 males) of post cardioversion @entity3126 were identified. The mean age was 53.8 +/- 13 years (range, 18 to 75 years). Underlying @entity943 were @entity955 (69%), @entity956 (24%), @entity4710 (4%), and @entity1165 (4%). The duration of @entity943 preceding cardioversion varied widely ranging from 1 day to 13 years. Twenty-six (87%) @entity1 had concomitant @entity65 comprising of @entity453 (38%), @entity6331 (23%), @entity296 (23%), and @entity101 (8%). Direct current electrical cardioversion was used in 28 (93%) @entity1 and pacing in two (7%) @entity1 . Occurrence of @entity3126 was independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion (range 20 to 1280 Joules, mean 263 +/- 27 Joules). Short acting general anesthetic drugs were administered in 14 (47%) and sedation in eight (27%) @entity1 . Sinus rhythm was established in 23 (77%) @entity1 . Duration to develop @entity3126 after cardioversion was available in 23 @entity1 and ranged from immediately to 96 h. @entity3126 occurred within 15 min after cardioversion in 22%, within 3 h in 30%, within 24 h in 30%, within 48 h in 17% and within 96 h in remaining 4% of @entity1 . Three @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: The rare complication of @entity3126 after cardioversion has been reported mostly in @entity1 with underlying @entity299 , and is independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion.

title: XXXX after cardioversion of @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['Acute pulmonary edema']


abstract: Plasma levels of phospholipids, @entity1674 , high density lipoproteins (HDL)- @entity165 and HDL-phospholipids were studied in 48 11-d-old female mule @entity4186 infected per os with 5 x 10(3) x 10(4) x 5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria mulardi (D0), or kept as an uninfected control group. Data were recorded from D-1 to D17. Mortality and weight loss were only observed with the 5 x 10(5) oocyst dose. Plasma phospholipids were significantly reduced with the two highest infecting doses on D3, and returned to normal values by D9 with the highest infecting dose. The minimum level attained was no lower than 74% of the control group. @entity412 levels were reduced early but only slightly and irregularly in the three infected groups. HDL- @entity165 was significantly reduced from D5 and HDL-phospholipids from D3. These reduced levels depended on the infecting dose and were lowest on D5, respectively 34 and 35% of the control group with the highest infecting dose. In this group, the levels remained lower than in the uninfected group on D17. These perturbations in blood lipid classes have been described in @entity7843 .

title: Plasma lipid changes in the female mule XXXX (Cairina moschata x @entity4186 ) experimentally infected with Eimeria mulardi.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['avian coccidiosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: Plasma levels of phospholipids, @entity1674 , high density lipoproteins (HDL)- @entity165 and HDL-phospholipids were studied in 48 11-d-old female mule @entity4186 infected per os with 5 x 10(3) x 10(4) x 5 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria mulardi (D0), or kept as an uninfected control group. Data were recorded from D-1 to D17. Mortality and weight loss were only observed with the 5 x 10(5) oocyst dose. Plasma phospholipids were significantly reduced with the two highest infecting doses on D3, and returned to normal values by D9 with the highest infecting dose. The minimum level attained was no lower than 74% of the control group. @entity412 levels were reduced early but only slightly and irregularly in the three infected groups. HDL- @entity165 was significantly reduced from D5 and HDL-phospholipids from D3. These reduced levels depended on the infecting dose and were lowest on D5, respectively 34 and 35% of the control group with the highest infecting dose. In this group, the levels remained lower than in the uninfected group on D17. These perturbations in blood lipid classes have been described in @entity7843 .

title: Plasma lipid changes in the female mule @entity4186 (Cairina moschata x XXXX ) experimentally infected with Eimeria mulardi.

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['Anas platyrhynchos']


abstract: 9356 cases of @entity791 were reported in Mexico through March 1992. Although 7971 were in @entity1 and 1385 in @entity1 , the ratio of male to female cases has declined. In 1985, 1 @entity1 was infected for every 20 @entity1 , but by 1991 the proportion was 1 for every 5. The annual numbers of reported cases through 1992 indicate that the epidemic is abating, but reporting of @entity791 cases may be delayed for up to 4 years in Mexico. The groups considered at greatest risk of @entity791 have changed over time. The proportion of new cases in homosexuals has declined from 80% in the early 1980s to 40% at present. Heterosexually transmitted cases now account for around 23%. Another 17% are transmitted parenterally through transfusions or use of contaminated needles by addicts. The homosexual population has become aware of the danger, but greater attention to prevention is required for the general heterosexual population. Cases are concentrated in the Federal District, which has a rate of 30/100,000. Four states, Baja California, Jalisco, Morelos, and Yucatan, have rates of over 10/100,000, and rates in 10 states exceed 5/100,000. The mean age of reported cases @entity16222 years.

title: [ XXXX : the risk that must be predicted].

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described @entity262 in @entity24091 ( @entity24091 ) caused by a @entity26198 -like microorganism. Nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. Biochemically, the isolates resembled @entity26198 , and the isolates grew optimally at 20 degrees C; none could grow at temperatures above 23 degrees C. The type strain (1AMA) displayed a thermal reduction time (D value) of 5.77 min at 37 degrees C. All of the isolates required at least 1% @entity1219 for growth. Collectively, the data suggest that these isolates may embody a new biotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the isolates revealed five closely related subgroups. Some isolates produced a @entity742 hemagglutinin that was neither an outer membrane protein nor a metalloprotease. Several isolates possessed capsules. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. However, six isolates were resistant to @entity2929 . Seventeen isolates harbored plasmids. Lobster challenge studies revealed that the 50% lethal dose of a plasmid-positive strain was 100-fold lower than that of a plasmid-negative strain, suggesting that the plasmid may enhance the pathogenicity of these microorganisms in lobsters. Microorganisms that were recovered from experimentally infected lobsters exhibited biochemical and PFGE profiles that were indistinguishable from those of the challenge strain. Tissue affinity studies demonstrated that the challenge microorganisms accumulated in heart and midgut tissues as well as in the hemolymph. Culture supernatants and polymyxin B lysates of the strains caused elongation of CHO cells in tissue culture, suggesting the presence of a hitherto unknown enterotoxin. Both plasmid-positive and plasmid-negative strains caused significant dose-related intestinal fluid accumulations in suckling @entity19 . Absence of viable organisms in the intestinal contents of @entity19 suggests that these microorganisms cause @entity294 in @entity19 by intoxication rather than by an infectious process. Further, these results support the thermal reduction data at 37 degrees C and suggest that the mechanism(s) that led to fluid accumulation in @entity19 differs from the disease process observed in lobsters by requiring neither the persistence of viable microorganisms nor the presence of plasmids. In summary, results of lobster studies satisfy Koch's postulates at the organismal and molecular levels; the findings support the hypothesis that these @entity26198 -like organisms were responsible for the originally described @entity262 , which is now called limp lobster disease.

title: Characterization of XXXX -like strains implicated in limp lobster disease.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity24091 :: ('6706', 'Species') :: ['American lobster', 'Homarus americanus']

entities_list: @entity26198 :: ('676', 'Species') :: ['V. fluvialis', 'Vibrio fluvialis']

answer: @entity26198 :: (676,Species) :: ['Vibrio fluvialis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the accuracy of a multiparameter, ultrasound-based triage and its impact on surgical management of @entity4134 . METHODS: Masses evaluated as normal according to Ferrazzi's sonographic morphological score were considered as being at low risk of @entity5 and eligible for laparoscopic treatment without further evaluation. Masses evaluated as abnormal, but without additional risk factors such as ascites, diameter > or = 10 cm, bilaterality, immobility, resistance index < or = 0.6 and serum @entity10224 > 35 IU/mL were considered at moderate risk and eligible for laparoscopic evaluation and treatment. Masses with abnormal morphological score and any of these additional risk factors were considered at high risk and treated by laparotomy. The results of pathological examination were obtained for each mass. RESULTS: Two hundred and four (87%) masses were benign and 30 (13%) were malignant. Among 182 low-risk, 19 moderate-risk and 33 high-risk masses, the odds of @entity5 were 1 : 90, 1 : 18 and 4.5 : 1, respectively. To calculate the diagnostic accuracy of this algorithm, low- and moderate-risk groups were considered together: the sensitivity was 90%, specificity 97%, positive predictive value 82% and negative predictive value 99%. The new algorithm was significantly more accurate than was morphological score alone (P = 0.0002). Ninety-six percent of benign masses were treated by laparoscopy. All three @entity1 with malignant masses that were incorrectly assigned to laparoscopy underwent laparoscopic adnexectomy and frozen section. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of this new algorithm was higher than that of the sonographic morphological scoring system alone. In the present series, it allowed the treatment by laparoscopy of 96% of benign @entity4134 without mismanagement of any cases of @entity43 .

title: Impact of a multiparameter, ultrasound-based triage on surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']