abstract: A @entity1 with a delayed aorto-right ventricular fistula and @entity886 after penetrating @entity130 is reported, and 17 similar additional cases from the literature reviewed. By examining the aortic root of adults with normal cardiac anatomy at autopsy, we defined the target area for these injuries as a 2 X 2 cm contact surface between the aorta above the right coronary cusp and the right ventricular outflow tract below the pulmonary valve. Five of the 18 @entity1 required emergency exploration due to @entity1344 . Life-threatening sequelae ( @entity548 and @entity2293 ) result from the external injury rather than the intracardiac component. @entity16 is most commonly manifested as the delayed recognition of a cardiac murmur and some degree of @entity712 , and when these appear one must suspect @entity130 . We recommend cardiac catheterization and elective repair, maintaining control of both ends of the @entity292 with bolstered suture. @entity886 can often be primarily repaired. @entity1 with combination aortic valve and @entity130 , more so than those with a single @entity75 , fail with nonoperative management. Of the 18 @entity1 , 17 underwent surgery. One of these died: the others did well during short-term followup (less than 1 year).

title: XXXX with @entity886 from penetrating @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Intracardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve injury', 'aortic valve injury']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac fistula']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortocardiac fistula injuries', 'intracardiac trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['Aortocardiac fistula']


abstract: A @entity1 with a delayed aorto-right ventricular fistula and @entity886 after penetrating @entity130 is reported, and 17 similar additional cases from the literature reviewed. By examining the aortic root of adults with normal cardiac anatomy at autopsy, we defined the target area for these injuries as a 2 X 2 cm contact surface between the aorta above the right coronary cusp and the right ventricular outflow tract below the pulmonary valve. Five of the 18 @entity1 required emergency exploration due to @entity1344 . Life-threatening sequelae ( @entity548 and @entity2293 ) result from the external injury rather than the intracardiac component. @entity16 is most commonly manifested as the delayed recognition of a cardiac murmur and some degree of @entity712 , and when these appear one must suspect @entity130 . We recommend cardiac catheterization and elective repair, maintaining control of both ends of the @entity292 with bolstered suture. @entity886 can often be primarily repaired. @entity1 with combination aortic valve and @entity130 , more so than those with a single @entity75 , fail with nonoperative management. Of the 18 @entity1 , 17 underwent surgery. One of these died: the others did well during short-term followup (less than 1 year).

title: @entity292 with XXXX from penetrating @entity130 .

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve injury']


abstract: A @entity1 with a delayed aorto-right ventricular fistula and @entity886 after penetrating @entity130 is reported, and 17 similar additional cases from the literature reviewed. By examining the aortic root of adults with normal cardiac anatomy at autopsy, we defined the target area for these injuries as a 2 X 2 cm contact surface between the aorta above the right coronary cusp and the right ventricular outflow tract below the pulmonary valve. Five of the 18 @entity1 required emergency exploration due to @entity1344 . Life-threatening sequelae ( @entity548 and @entity2293 ) result from the external injury rather than the intracardiac component. @entity16 is most commonly manifested as the delayed recognition of a cardiac murmur and some degree of @entity712 , and when these appear one must suspect @entity130 . We recommend cardiac catheterization and elective repair, maintaining control of both ends of the @entity292 with bolstered suture. @entity886 can often be primarily repaired. @entity1 with combination aortic valve and @entity130 , more so than those with a single @entity75 , fail with nonoperative management. Of the 18 @entity1 , 17 underwent surgery. One of these died: the others did well during short-term followup (less than 1 year).

title: @entity292 with @entity886 from penetrating XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Following the mass vaccinations against pandemic @entity778 in 2009, a sudden increase in juvenile onset @entity2724 with @entity2725 (NC) was detected in several European countries where AS03-adjuvanted Pandemrix vaccine had been used. NC is a chronic @entity16 characterized by excessive @entity25 and @entity2725 . In @entity1 NC, the hypocretin-producing neurons in the @entity2339 or the hypocretin signaling pathway are destroyed by an autoimmune reaction. Both genetic (e.g. @entity3098 *0602) and environmental risk factors (e.g. Pandemrix) contribute to the disease development, but the underlying and the mediating immunological mechanisms are largely unknown. Influenza virus hemagglutinin is known to bind gangliosides, which serve as host cell virus receptors. Anti- @entity4163 antibodies have previously been linked to various @entity16 , like the @entity5011 which may develop after @entity281 or vaccination. Because of these links we screened sera of NC @entity1 and controls for IgG anti- @entity4163 antibodies against 11 @entity1 brain gangliosides (GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GD1a, GD1b, GD2, @entity20577 , GT1a, GT1b, GQ1b) and a sulfatide by using a line blot assay. Samples from 173 @entity1 and adolescents were analyzed: 48 with Pandemrix-associated NC, 20 with NC without Pandemrix association, 57 Pandemrix-vaccinated and 48 unvaccinated healthy @entity1 . We found that @entity1 with Pandemrix-associated NC had more frequently (14.6%) anti-GM3 antibodies than vaccinated healthy controls (3.5%) (P = 0.047). Anti-GM3 antibodies were significantly associated with @entity3098 *0602 (P  =  0.016) both in vaccinated NC @entity1 and controls. In general, anti- @entity4163 antibodies were more frequent in vaccinated (18.1%) than in unvaccinated (7.3%) individuals (P  =  0.035). Our data suggest that autoimmunity against GM3 is a feature of Pandemrix-associated NC and that autoantibodies against gangliosides were induced by Pandemrix vaccination.

title: Autoantibodies against ganglioside GM3 are associated with XXXX developing after Pandemrix vaccination against 2009 pandemic H1N1 type influenza virus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1 virus']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy-cataplexy']


abstract: Genome imprinting has an essential role in normal embryonal @entity1 development. Starting early in differentiation, the transcripts of certain @entity1 genes, e.g. the paternally- @entity9037 and the maternally-imprinted @entity5100 , are expressed in specific tissues and organs during fetal life. In several @entity5 , imprinted genes are, again, unfolded. Characteristically, expression follows the same tissue presentation as during embryogenesis. Clinical paternal disomies, i.e. @entity1469 , and their maternal counterpart, i.e. @entity43 , are associated with apparent relaxation of imprinting once they turn malignant. Paediatric @entity5 , like @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ) and @entity980 , often express @entity5100 and @entity9037 . Recently, we have found @entity9037 expression in invasive @entity5 . Evidently, imprinted genes display an oncodevelopmental mode of expression, very much like the classical oncofetal proteins @entity160 and @entity478 . Based on available data, including @entity5 preferential paternal allele retention and chromosome 11 short arm physical linkage with oncogenes like @entity8498 , we hypothesize that imprinted genes not only accompany @entity5 but may play a causative role as well.

title: On the oncodevelopmental role of XXXX imprinted genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian teratomas']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'urothelial cancer', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of oral gold in @entity565 , 20 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent @entity565 received @entity2044 at a dose of 3 mg by mouth, twice daily, in a 24-week open clinical trial. Prospective evaluation of bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 was determined before and 8 and 16 weeks after initiation of @entity2044 therapy. Serial spirometry (FEV1 and FVC), lung volumes, and diffusing capacities (single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs) were measured before and at 10 and 20 weeks after treatment. All subjects were required to record concomitant medications, symptom scores, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates. In vitro immunologic studies performed before and after 8 and 20 weeks of @entity2044 therapy included leukocyte @entity112 release in response to antihuman IgE, lymphocyte blast transformation in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to @entity5132 and @entity116 toxoid antigens. In 18 @entity1 evaluated, there were no significant differences between baseline and posttreatment spirometry, single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs, and lung volumes. At week 16 of treatment, the @entity134 cumulative dose or the total @entity229 dose administered from 7 days before through 10 days after each @entity2710 test day decreased from a mean of 293 +/- 125 mg at baseline to 192 +/- 115 mg. At week 16, nine of 18 @entity1 (50%) exhibited decreased @entity2710 responsiveness as defined by a more than one-half log10 increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1. A significant correlation (r = 0.60) was observed between the increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 and the decrease in @entity134 cumulative dose after 16 weeks of treatment. Leukocyte @entity112 release to anti-IgE exhibited significant reductions from baseline at week 20 to 10(-2) (p less than 0.002) and at 10(-3) (p less than 0.005) dilutions. At week 20, leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to Candida increased from baseline at the 0.1 mg per well (p = 0.025) and 1 mg per well (p = 0.05) concentrations; similarly, the responses to @entity116 toxoid increased at the 1 mg per well (p less than 0.05) and 0.1 mg per well (p less than 0.01) concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: An open study of @entity2044 in the treatment of XXXX -dependent @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity2044 :: ('MESH:D001310', 'Chemical') :: ['auranofin']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of oral gold in @entity565 , 20 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent @entity565 received @entity2044 at a dose of 3 mg by mouth, twice daily, in a 24-week open clinical trial. Prospective evaluation of bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 was determined before and 8 and 16 weeks after initiation of @entity2044 therapy. Serial spirometry (FEV1 and FVC), lung volumes, and diffusing capacities (single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs) were measured before and at 10 and 20 weeks after treatment. All subjects were required to record concomitant medications, symptom scores, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates. In vitro immunologic studies performed before and after 8 and 20 weeks of @entity2044 therapy included leukocyte @entity112 release in response to antihuman IgE, lymphocyte blast transformation in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to @entity5132 and @entity116 toxoid antigens. In 18 @entity1 evaluated, there were no significant differences between baseline and posttreatment spirometry, single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs, and lung volumes. At week 16 of treatment, the @entity134 cumulative dose or the total @entity229 dose administered from 7 days before through 10 days after each @entity2710 test day decreased from a mean of 293 +/- 125 mg at baseline to 192 +/- 115 mg. At week 16, nine of 18 @entity1 (50%) exhibited decreased @entity2710 responsiveness as defined by a more than one-half log10 increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1. A significant correlation (r = 0.60) was observed between the increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 and the decrease in @entity134 cumulative dose after 16 weeks of treatment. Leukocyte @entity112 release to anti-IgE exhibited significant reductions from baseline at week 20 to 10(-2) (p less than 0.002) and at 10(-3) (p less than 0.005) dilutions. At week 20, leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to Candida increased from baseline at the 0.1 mg per well (p = 0.025) and 1 mg per well (p = 0.05) concentrations; similarly, the responses to @entity116 toxoid increased at the 1 mg per well (p less than 0.05) and 0.1 mg per well (p less than 0.01) concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: An open study of XXXX in the treatment of @entity134 -dependent @entity565 .

answer: @entity2044 :: (MESH:D001310,Chemical) :: ['auranofin']


abstract: To determine the efficacy of oral gold in @entity565 , 20 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent @entity565 received @entity2044 at a dose of 3 mg by mouth, twice daily, in a 24-week open clinical trial. Prospective evaluation of bronchial responsiveness to @entity2710 was determined before and 8 and 16 weeks after initiation of @entity2044 therapy. Serial spirometry (FEV1 and FVC), lung volumes, and diffusing capacities (single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs) were measured before and at 10 and 20 weeks after treatment. All subjects were required to record concomitant medications, symptom scores, and morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates. In vitro immunologic studies performed before and after 8 and 20 weeks of @entity2044 therapy included leukocyte @entity112 release in response to antihuman IgE, lymphocyte blast transformation in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, and leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to @entity5132 and @entity116 toxoid antigens. In 18 @entity1 evaluated, there were no significant differences between baseline and posttreatment spirometry, single breath @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lungs, and lung volumes. At week 16 of treatment, the @entity134 cumulative dose or the total @entity229 dose administered from 7 days before through 10 days after each @entity2710 test day decreased from a mean of 293 +/- 125 mg at baseline to 192 +/- 115 mg. At week 16, nine of 18 @entity1 (50%) exhibited decreased @entity2710 responsiveness as defined by a more than one-half log10 increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1. A significant correlation (r = 0.60) was observed between the increase in the concentration of @entity2710 causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 and the decrease in @entity134 cumulative dose after 16 weeks of treatment. Leukocyte @entity112 release to anti-IgE exhibited significant reductions from baseline at week 20 to 10(-2) (p less than 0.002) and at 10(-3) (p less than 0.005) dilutions. At week 20, leukocyte inhibitory factor activity in response to Candida increased from baseline at the 0.1 mg per well (p = 0.025) and 1 mg per well (p = 0.05) concentrations; similarly, the responses to @entity116 toxoid increased at the 1 mg per well (p less than 0.05) and 0.1 mg per well (p less than 0.01) concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: An open study of @entity2044 in the treatment of @entity134 -dependent XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the evolution and long-term neurological status of pediatric @entity1 who survive out-of-hospital @entity1167 . Our aim is to describe long-term survival and neurological status. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study, based on the Andalusian Register of out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest. SETTING: Pre-hospital Care. @entity1 : The study included @entity1 aged 0-15 years between January 2008 and December 2012. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 follow up. VARIABLES: Prehospital and hospital care variables were analyzed and one-year follow-up was performed, along with a specific follow-up of survivors in June 2014. RESULTS: Of 5069 @entity1 included in the register, 125 (2.5%) were aged  <=15 years. @entity1167 was witnessed in 52.8% of cases and resuscitation was performed in 65.6%. The initial rhythm was shockable in 7 (5.2%) cases. Nearly half (48.8%) the @entity1 reached the hospital alive, of whom 20% did so while receiving resuscitation maneuvers. Only 9 (7.2%) @entity1 survived to hospital discharge; 5 showed ad integrum recovery and 4 showed significant @entity16 . The 5 @entity1 with complete recovery continued their long-term situation. The remaining 4 @entity1 , although slight improvement, were maintained in situation of @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Survival after out-of-hospital @entity1167 in pediatric @entity1 was low. The long-term prognosis of survivors with good neurological recovery remains, although improvement in the rest was minimal.

title: Survival and neurological status after out-of-hospital XXXX in the pediatric population in Andalusia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: To learn how the outcomes of emergency room (ER) care relate to the decision-making process, criteria for the disposition of @entity565 in the ER were incorporated into a formal protocol in the form of an algorithm for use by pediatric resident physicians. We compared the application of those criteria with the consequences of 199 decisions to admit @entity1 to the hospital for @entity565 and of 293 decisions to discharge @entity1 from the ER. For most @entity1 the chance of relapse was significantly raised if they were discharged from the ER when the protocol had specified admission. This was not true, however, for a group of "frequent visitors" (12.7% of all @entity1 ) who accounted for 66.3% of all relapses. This finding offers an explanation for previous difficulties in identifying characteristics of visits destined to be followed by relapse. @entity1 were placed in jeopardy by inappropriate ER discharges only if they were high-risk @entity1 who had experienced prior episodes of @entity1576 . Nearly all admissions involving severe episodes of @entity565 were also limited to high-risk @entity1 . A variety of criteria supported such admissions. At the other extreme, "avoidable" admissions, in which obstruction resolved within a few hours of admission, occurred equally among all @entity1 strata, and no particular admission criterion could be held at fault for admission of such rapidly remitting cases. The results support the use of explicit, quantitative criteria for guiding ER disposition of @entity565 , especially specific arrangements for management of ER visits by high-risk @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcomes of emergency room visits for XXXX . II. Relationship to admission criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Between January 1980 and September 1985, 35 adult @entity1 with resectable retroperitoneal soft tissue @entity242 were entered on a randomized trial comparing two forms of adjuvant radiation therapy. Fifteen @entity1 received the experimental therapy consisting of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) to 20 Gy using high-energy electrons followed by low-dose (35 to 40 Gy) postoperative external beam irradiation. Twenty @entity1 received standard therapy consisting of high-dose (50 to 55 Gy) postoperative external beam irradiation. With a minimum follow-up of 15 months, there is no significant difference in the actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) comparing the two groups (median DFS, 34 months; median OS, 38 months). At 5 years follow-up, approximately 40% of @entity1 are alive and 20% of @entity1 remain disease-free. Although there is a trend towards an improvement in in-field local control in the experimental arm, the predominant pattern of failure in both groups was locoregional within the retroperitoneum and/or peritoneal cavity. Acute and late @entity1161 were significantly reduced in the experimental group. However, four experimental @entity1 developed late (greater than 6 months following treatment) @entity1897 believed related to the use of IORT; all four recovered. We conclude that there is no difference in the therapeutic effectiveness of the combination of IORT and low-dose external beam radiation compared with conventional high-dose radiation as adjuvant treatment in @entity242 , although the former appears to be less toxic. Newer combined modality treatment strategies are discussed to improve the prognosis in these @entity1 .

title: Preliminary results of a randomized study of adjuvant radiation therapy in resectable adult retroperitoneal soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'retroperitoneal sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Growth at the anastomotic site after continuous vascular @entity254 in the pediatric @entity1 remains a problem. Primary end-to-end @entity254 of the infrarenal aorta was performed with absorbable Maxon suture or nonabsorbable @entity7502 suture in 20 piglets. Ten of the Maxon suture group and nine of the @entity7502 suture group survived; one @entity1707 died of @entity281 . The animals were put to death 6 months after the operation. Each abdominal aorta was removed and a roentgenogram was obtained. The aorta was then burst-tested to 300 mm Hg, measured, and examined both grossly and histologically. All anastomoses were patent and no burst failures were observed in either group. However, @entity7502 sutures protruded into lumen and were partially embedded in the aortic wall in all animals in the @entity7502 suture group. @entity715 adhered to the intraluminal @entity7502 suture in six of nine animals. The growth of the anastomotic area was wider in the Maxon suture group (446.4% +/- 131.8% versus 317.6% +/- 121.5%, p less than 0.05). @entity850 was more common in the @entity7502 suture group (7/9) than in the Maxon suture group (1/10) (p less than 0.01), but the distal segment was widely patent in both groups. Dilatation at the anastomotic site was present in eight of 10 @entity1707 in the Maxon suture group and in two of nine in the @entity7502 suture group. Histologic study showed that the area of tissue reaction was more prominent in the @entity7502 suture group. No sutures were observed in the Maxon suture group. We therefore recommend the use of absorbable Maxon sutures for anastomoses in which the suture line must be able to grow.

title: Growth of the aortic XXXX in @entity1707 . Comparison of continuous absorbable suture with nonabsorbable suture.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Growth at the anastomotic site after continuous vascular @entity254 in the pediatric @entity1 remains a problem. Primary end-to-end @entity254 of the infrarenal aorta was performed with absorbable Maxon suture or nonabsorbable @entity7502 suture in 20 piglets. Ten of the Maxon suture group and nine of the @entity7502 suture group survived; one @entity1707 died of @entity281 . The animals were put to death 6 months after the operation. Each abdominal aorta was removed and a roentgenogram was obtained. The aorta was then burst-tested to 300 mm Hg, measured, and examined both grossly and histologically. All anastomoses were patent and no burst failures were observed in either group. However, @entity7502 sutures protruded into lumen and were partially embedded in the aortic wall in all animals in the @entity7502 suture group. @entity715 adhered to the intraluminal @entity7502 suture in six of nine animals. The growth of the anastomotic area was wider in the Maxon suture group (446.4% +/- 131.8% versus 317.6% +/- 121.5%, p less than 0.05). @entity850 was more common in the @entity7502 suture group (7/9) than in the Maxon suture group (1/10) (p less than 0.01), but the distal segment was widely patent in both groups. Dilatation at the anastomotic site was present in eight of 10 @entity1707 in the Maxon suture group and in two of nine in the @entity7502 suture group. Histologic study showed that the area of tissue reaction was more prominent in the @entity7502 suture group. No sutures were observed in the Maxon suture group. We therefore recommend the use of absorbable Maxon sutures for anastomoses in which the suture line must be able to grow.

title: Growth of the aortic @entity254 in XXXX . Comparison of continuous absorbable suture with nonabsorbable suture.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: 50 @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with an intensified regimen which consisted of high-dose @entity1259 (110 mg/m2) every 2 weeks and filgrastim (5 micrograms/kg) subcutaneously for 13 days, starting 24 h after chemotherapy. 44 @entity1 completed all six cycles. The median interval between cycles of treatment was 14.3 days. The actually administered median dose per unit time per @entity1 was 53 mg/m2/week, amounting to 97.2% of the dose prescribed by the protocol. 7 [14%, 95% confidence interval (C.I.) 4-24%] @entity1 achieved a complete and 25 (50%, 95% C.I. 36-64%) a partial response. Median time to progression was 32 weeks and median survival 64 weeks. @entity3136 and @entity221 each occurred in 7 (14%) @entity1 . Grade 3 haematological @entity137 was observed in 6 (12%) @entity1 . 1 (2%) @entity1 developed grade 4 @entity1370 . This intensified regimen appears to be a well tolerated and effective treatment in @entity0 .

title: Intensive chemotherapy with high-dose epirubicin every 2 weeks and prophylactic administration of filgrastim in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reported the experience of endovascular treatment in @entity438 with parent @entity432 or stent-assisted coiling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 with @entity438 were included. The @entity439 predominantly involved the M1 segment in two cases, bifurcation in four cases, and M2 in five cases. Four @entity439 were treated with parent artery sacrifice after balloon occlusion test. The seven unruptured @entity439 and one ruptured one were treated with stent-assisted coiling. The post-operation and long-term follow-up angiographic and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Endovascular coiling was performed successfully in all 11 cases. All four M2 fusiform cases using parent @entity432 strategy achieved complete occlusion of @entity439 . In the seven cases with stent-assisted coiling, four were completely occluded, two were partially occluded and one remained small residue. Mild perioperative complications occurred in six @entity1 . The follow-up angiography taken at a mean of 13.5 months of eight @entity1 showed that seven @entity439 remained stable or improved and one M1 @entity439 relapsed and needed further treatment. CONCLUSION: Stent-assisted coiling or parent @entity432 of selected @entity438 is an option to consider.

title: Endovascular management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'M2 fusiform aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms', 'giant MCA aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms']


abstract: The effect of cervical group B streptococcus on the conservative management of preterm premature @entity397 was examined in 140 consecutive @entity1 . Upon the @entity1 's admission, we obtained cervical cultures for group B streptococcus, @entity790 , and @entity1047 . @entity1 with and without group B streptococcus were compared. Group B streptococcus @entity1 had earlier @entity397 (30.7 versus 31.6 weeks) and shorter latent periods (76.8 versus 138.5 hours). @entity281 (six of 16 versus 26 of 120) and @entity7288 (four of ten versus three of 94) were significantly more common in group B streptococcus @entity1 . Neonates of mothers positive for group B streptococcus were smaller (1749 +/- 844 versus 2100 +/- 779 g) and more likely to have @entity166 (eight of 16 versus 29 of 120; P less than .01). Control for the presence of @entity9463 , @entity1047 , listeria, or @entity2954 failed to change the significance of these results. The usual policy was to use intrapartum ampicillin prophylaxis in asymptomatic group B streptococcus @entity1 . However, only four of 16 remained asymptomatic and had latent periods long enough for the results of cultures obtained on admission to be available. We conclude that group B streptococcus significantly complicates the conservative management of preterm premature @entity397 and that the effectiveness of intrapartum prophylactic @entity869 may be compromised by awaiting the results of conventional cultures to define colonized @entity1 .

title: Group B streptococcus and preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-amniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital mycoplasmas']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: Morphometric analysis of the follicle population greater than or equal to 100 X 10(5) micron 3 or a mean diameter of greater than or equal to 275 micron and assessment of the rate of @entity1146 in ovaries of pregnant and pseudopregnant @entity35 revealed no evidence for the presence of rhythmic follicular maturation during the prolonged dioestrous period. During the first 4-5 days of the dioestrous period, follicles developed to preovulatory size (volume class 5, i.e. greater than or equal to 1000 X 10(5) micron 3 = diam. greater than or equal to 576 micron) reaching the normal number of ovulating follicles in cyclic animals in pregnant @entity35 , but only half that number in pseudopregnant @entity35 . These follicles collapsed on the 5th to 8th days of the dioestrous period and full numbers of preovulatory follicles were not found thereafter until the end of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Follicles of smaller sizes (classes 1-4: 100-999 X 10(5) micron 3), however, were present throughout the prolonged dioestrous period. The rate of @entity1146 in the follicle population had increased by the 2nd day and remained from then on at 26.5 +/- 4.5% in the pregnant and 34.3 +/- 1.9% in the pseudopregnant @entity35 . Atretic follicles in the advanced stages of @entity1146 , mostly derived from follicles of classes 1-3, persisted and accumulated at the end of the dioestrous period. The continuous presence of follicles and the constant rate of @entity1146 during the dioestrous period indicate continuous follicular replacements and refute the idea of follicular quiescence during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Copulation and electrical stimulation of the cervix seemed to reduce the formation of the new crop of follicles the next morning and the pool of small antral follicles normally maintained after oestrus in cyclic animals. Nevertheless, the smaller crop and pool of follicles seemed able to provide a sufficient number of preovulatory follicles at the end of pregnancy and a sufficient number of ovulations at the end of pseudopregnancy.

title: Morphometric analysis of follicular dynamics in pregnant and pseudopregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects of the recently identified @entity7801 / @entity11601 (FL) on the growth of purified @entity1 fetal liver progenitors were investigated under serum-deprived culture conditions. FL alone was found to stimulate modest proliferation in short-term cultures of @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 + lineage (Lin)- light-density fetal liver (LDFL) cells and the more primitive @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 - Lin- LDFL cells. However, the low levels of growth induced by FL were insufficient for colony formation in clonal cultures. Synergism between FL and either @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ) or @entity6826 (KL) was observed in promoting the growth of high-proliferative potential (HPP) colony-forming cells (CF) and/or low-proliferative potential (LPP)-CFC in cultures of @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 + @entity54854 - and @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 - Lin- LDFL-cells. FL, alone or in combination with other cytokines, was not found to affect the growth of @entity2280 + Lin- LDFL cells, the most mature subpopulation of fetal liver progenitors investigated. The growth of the most primitive subset of progenitors studied, @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 - Lin- LDFL cells, required the interactions of at least two cytokines, because only very low levels of growth were observed in response to either FL, @entity2841 , @entity2772 or KL alone. However, the results of delayed cytokine-addition experiments suggested that individually these cytokines did promote the survival of this early population of progenitors. Although two-factor combinations of FL, KL, and @entity2841 were observed to promote the growth of early progenitors in a synergistic manner, neither of these factors was found to make fetal liver progenitors more responsive to suboptimal concentrations of a second cytokine. Only myeloid cells were recovered from liquid cultures of @entity2280 ++ @entity3053 - Lin- LDFL cells grown in the presence of combinations of FL, KL, and @entity2841 . These results indicate that FL is part of a network of growth factors that regulate the growth and survival of early hematopoietic progenitors.

title: FLK-2/FLT-3 ligand regulates the growth of early myeloid progenitors isolated from XXXX fetal liver.

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1204 occurs more than twice as frequently as @entity5 . The main risk factors are age, @entity172 use, and @entity28 . Increasing life expectancy and more liberal use of @entity172 to prevent @entity14577 will probably increase the magnitude of the problem. @entity1204 is a heterogeneous disease. Good prognosis is associated with @entity28 and @entity172 use and with @entity189 preceded by @entity1613 . A bad prognosis may be found in @entity1 without major risk factors and is associated with a normal or @entity3202 endometrium. Because of a high prevalence of @entity10094 (6.9 per 1,000) and because the group with a poor prognosis is usually asymptomatic, all postmenopausal @entity1 should be screened at least one time. For screening, the use of one of the cytologic instruments is recommended; these instruments are safe, easy to handle, and can be used in the office setting without anesthesia. Yields are comparable to dilation and curettage. Family physicians are encouraged to familiarize themselves with cytologic instruments and to use them for screening postmenopausal @entity1 in their office.

title: Detection of and screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The prognostic value of cellular DNA content in @entity43 ( @entity189 ) was investigated by flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded @entity5 blocks from 128 previously untreated @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III and IV @entity43 entered in a prospective clinical trial of combination v sequential therapy with @entity5805 and @entity900 . Seventy-three percent of @entity5 were @entity2007 and 27% were diploid. Multivariate analysis using a Cox model showed that cellular DNA content (P less than .001) and FIGO stage (P less than .02) were the only significant independent prognostic variables. The median survival was 13 months for @entity1 with @entity5 and 60 months for @entity1 with @entity5 (P less than .0001). Further analysis indicated that the good prognosis associated with @entity5 was limited to @entity1 with @entity5 , all @entity1 with stage IV (spread beyond the peritoneal cavity or liver metastases) disease having a poor prognosis irrespective of ploidy. On pathological review, nine borderline @entity43 (of low malignant potential) were identified, and seven of these were diploid. These @entity5 have an unusually favorable prognosis, despite apparent dissemination within the peritoneal cavity, a paradox which is often difficult to explain using conventional histological criteria. Although the vast majority of @entity5 in this study (93%) were classified as @entity43 , it is possible that some of the @entity1 with @entity5 may have had @entity5 that were predominantly of low malignant potential, thus accounting in part for the prognostic significance of DNA content. By incorporating flow cytometric DNA analysis with careful histopathological assessment, it may be possible to better identify @entity1 with an inherently good prognosis. This assumes particular importance, as the relatively favorable prognosis of @entity1 with @entity43 appears to be independent of the type of treatment.

title: Prediction of long-term survival by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer', 'invasive epithelial ovarian cancers', 'stage III diploid ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'stage III diploid tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'malignancies', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant common epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The prognostic value of cellular DNA content in @entity43 ( @entity189 ) was investigated by flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded @entity5 blocks from 128 previously untreated @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III and IV @entity43 entered in a prospective clinical trial of combination v sequential therapy with @entity5805 and @entity900 . Seventy-three percent of @entity5 were @entity2007 and 27% were diploid. Multivariate analysis using a Cox model showed that cellular DNA content (P less than .001) and FIGO stage (P less than .02) were the only significant independent prognostic variables. The median survival was 13 months for @entity1 with @entity5 and 60 months for @entity1 with @entity5 (P less than .0001). Further analysis indicated that the good prognosis associated with @entity5 was limited to @entity1 with @entity5 , all @entity1 with stage IV (spread beyond the peritoneal cavity or liver metastases) disease having a poor prognosis irrespective of ploidy. On pathological review, nine borderline @entity43 (of low malignant potential) were identified, and seven of these were diploid. These @entity5 have an unusually favorable prognosis, despite apparent dissemination within the peritoneal cavity, a paradox which is often difficult to explain using conventional histological criteria. Although the vast majority of @entity5 in this study (93%) were classified as @entity43 , it is possible that some of the @entity1 with @entity5 may have had @entity5 that were predominantly of low malignant potential, thus accounting in part for the prognostic significance of DNA content. By incorporating flow cytometric DNA analysis with careful histopathological assessment, it may be possible to better identify @entity1 with an inherently good prognosis. This assumes particular importance, as the relatively favorable prognosis of @entity1 with @entity43 appears to be independent of the type of treatment.

title: Prediction of long-term survival by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in XXXX with advanced @entity43 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin II (ANG II), @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), and neurogenic mechanisms in maintaining arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious water-deprived @entity95 . @entity1949 produced marked increases in plasma @entity28637 activity and the concentration of AVP; however, plasma @entity2922 concentrations were unchanged. Arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) was similar in water-replete and dehydrated animals. Administration of an ANG II receptor antagonist (ANG IIX) to water-deprived animals produced a small decrease in MAP but no significant changes in HR or mesenteric and hindquarters vascular resistances. Similarly, there was no significant effect on MAP, HR, or regional hemodynamics when dehydrated animals received an AVP-V1 antagonist (AVPX). RSNA increased by maximums of 61 and 43% in response to ANG IIX and AVPX, respectively. Combined administration of ANG IIX and AVPX produced significant decreases in MAP (-9 mmHg) and hindquarters resistance (-24%) and 117% and 23 beat/min increases in RSNA and HR, respectively. The effect on mesenteric resistance was variable; however, the response was generally a decrease. We conclude that ANG II and AVP pressor mechanisms are activated to sustain MAP in the dehydrated state. In contrast, the basal level and baroreflex control of sympathetic nervous system activity are unchanged from the water-replete state. However, activation of sympathetic nerve activity may become important in maintaining peripheral resistance when ANG II and AVP receptors are blocked in water-deprived animals.

title: Neurohumoral interactions in conscious dehydrated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The @entity1 Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was devised to facilitate assessment of @entity1 self-reported health status, taking advantage of Item Response Theory. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the PROMIS @entity308 item bank and an 8-item static short form in a Spanish clinical sample. A three-month follow-up study of @entity1 with active mood/ @entity148 symptoms (n = 218) was carried out. We assessed model unidimensionality (Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis), reliability (internal consistency and Item Information Curves), and validity (convergent-discriminant with correlations; known-groups with comparison of means and effect sizes; and criterion validity with Receiver operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis). We also assessed 3-month responsiveness to change (Cohen's effect sizes (d) in stable and recovered @entity1 ). The unidimensional model showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.08). Information Curves had reliabilities over 0.90 throughout most of the score continuum. As expected, we observed high correlations with external self-reported @entity308 , and moderate with self-reported @entity148 and clinical measures. The item bank showed an increasing severity gradient from no disorder (mean = 48, SE = 0.6) to @entity308 with comorbid @entity148 (mean = 55.8, SE = 0.4). PROMIS detected @entity308 with great accuracy according to the area under the curve (AUC = 0.89). Both formats, item bank and short form, were highly responsive to change in recovered @entity1 (d > 0.7) and had small changes in stable @entity1 (d < 0.2). The good metric properties of the Spanish PROMIS @entity308 measures provide further evidence of their adequacy for monitoring @entity308 levels of @entity1 in clinical settings. This double check of quality (within countries and populations) supports the ability of PROMIS measures for guaranteeing fair comparisons across languages and countries in specific clinical populations.

title: Testing the PROMIS   XXXX measures for monitoring @entity308 in a clinical sample outside the US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression disorder', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: The @entity1 Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was devised to facilitate assessment of @entity1 self-reported health status, taking advantage of Item Response Theory. We aimed to assess measurement properties of the PROMIS @entity308 item bank and an 8-item static short form in a Spanish clinical sample. A three-month follow-up study of @entity1 with active mood/ @entity148 symptoms (n = 218) was carried out. We assessed model unidimensionality (Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis), reliability (internal consistency and Item Information Curves), and validity (convergent-discriminant with correlations; known-groups with comparison of means and effect sizes; and criterion validity with Receiver operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis). We also assessed 3-month responsiveness to change (Cohen's effect sizes (d) in stable and recovered @entity1 ). The unidimensional model showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.08). Information Curves had reliabilities over 0.90 throughout most of the score continuum. As expected, we observed high correlations with external self-reported @entity308 , and moderate with self-reported @entity148 and clinical measures. The item bank showed an increasing severity gradient from no disorder (mean = 48, SE = 0.6) to @entity308 with comorbid @entity148 (mean = 55.8, SE = 0.4). PROMIS detected @entity308 with great accuracy according to the area under the curve (AUC = 0.89). Both formats, item bank and short form, were highly responsive to change in recovered @entity1 (d > 0.7) and had small changes in stable @entity1 (d < 0.2). The good metric properties of the Spanish PROMIS @entity308 measures provide further evidence of their adequacy for monitoring @entity308 levels of @entity1 in clinical settings. This double check of quality (within countries and populations) supports the ability of PROMIS measures for guaranteeing fair comparisons across languages and countries in specific clinical populations.

title: Testing the PROMIS   @entity308 measures for monitoring XXXX in a clinical sample outside the US.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In mammals and insects, paracellular blood barriers isolate the nervous system from the rest of the animal. Glia and accessory cells of the nervous system use pumps, channels, cotransporters, and exchangers collectively to maintain the extracellular ion environment and osmotic balance in the nervous system. At present, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process remain unclear. In @entity1 , loss of extracellular ion and volume regulation in the nervous system poses serious health threats. @entity238 is a model genetic organism with a proven track record for uncovering molecular mechanisms relevant to @entity1 health and disease. Here, we review what is known about extracellular ion and volume regulation in larval abdominal nerves, present some new data about the impact of neural activity on the extracellular environment, and relate the findings to @entity1 systems. Homologies have been found at the level of morphology, physiology, molecular mechanisms, and mutant phenotypes. The Fray-Ncc69 module regulates extracellular volume in larval nerves. Genetic rescue experiments with the @entity1 orthologs prove this module has a direct correlate in @entity1 . This and other molecular homologies, together with the similar physiological needs, suggest that uncovering the molecular mechanisms of ion and volume regulation in larval nerves will likely provide significant insights into this process in @entity1 systems.

title: Maintenance and regulation of extracellular volume and the ion environment in XXXX larval nerves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Microglial cells invade the central nervous system during embryonic development, but their developmental functional roles in vivo remain largely unknown. Accordingly, their invasion pattern during early embryonic development is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we analyzed the initial developmental pattern of microglial cell invasion in the spinal cord of @entity21846 -eGFP @entity19 embryos using immunohistochemistry. Microglial cells began to invade the @entity19 embryonic spinal cord at a developmental period corresponding to the onset of spontaneous electrical activity and of synaptogenesis. Microglial cells reached the spinal cord through the peripheral vasculature and began to invade the parenchyma at 11.5 days of embryonic age (E11.5). Remarkably, at E12.5, activated microglial cells aggregated in the dorsolateral region close to terminals of dying dorsal root ganglia neurons. At E13.5, microglial cells in the ventral marginal zone interacted with radial glial cells, whereas ramified microglial cells within the parenchyma interacted with growing capillaries. At this age, activated microglial cells ( @entity9675 staining) also accumulated within the lateral motor columns at the onset of the developmental cell death of motoneurons. This cell aggregation was still observed at E14.5, but microglial cells no longer expressed @entity9675 . At E15.5, microglial cells were randomly distributed within the parenchyma. Our results provide the essential basis for further studies on the role of microglial cells in the early development of @entity528 in vivo.

title: Pattern of invasion of the embryonic XXXX spinal cord by microglial cells at the time of the onset of functional neuronal networks.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord neuronal networks']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical history and ultrasound findings in @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity43 who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination. The @entity1 were identified from the databases of 11 ultrasound centers. The @entity5 were described by the principal investigator at each contributing center on the basis of ultrasound images, ultrasound reports and research protocols (when applicable) using the terms and definitions of the International @entity43 Analysis (IOTA) group. In addition, three authors reviewed all available electronic ultrasound images (gray-scale images and color/power Doppler images were available for 18 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 , respectively) and described them using subjective evaluation of gray-scale and color Doppler ultrasound findings (here called pattern recognition). RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity43 were identified (including one @entity1 with bilateral masses). Twenty @entity1 had a primary @entity43 (including the one with bilateral masses) and one @entity1 had a recurrence of @entity5000 in her retained ovary. One of the 21 @entity1 was pregnant. All @entity5 except one were @entity5000 , one being a mixed @entity5 with 30% @entity5000 component. Median age was 20 (range, 16-31) years. Information on clinical symptoms was available for 18 @entity1 . In four @entity1 , the @entity5 was detected incidentally, whereas 14 @entity1 presented with one or more of the following symptoms: acute @entity158 (n = 4), @entity1118 (n = 8), bloating (n = 8), @entity1866 (n = 5) and @entity249 problems (n = 1). One (5%) @entity1 had @entity843 . Using the IOTA terms and definitions, all but one @entity5000 were moderately (43%) or very well (50%) vascularized solid @entity5 . One @entity5 was multilocular-solid. According to pattern recognition, most @entity5000 were highly vascularized, purely solid @entity5 with heterogeneous internal echogenicity divided into several lobules, had a smooth and sometimes lobulated contour and were well-defined relative to the surrounding organs. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound finding of a highly vascularized, large, solid, lobulated @entity4134 with irregular internal echogenicity in a @entity1 20-30 years old should raise the suspicion of @entity43 .

title: Imaging of gynecological disease (6): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Tumor', 'ovarian dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'germinal cell tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorders']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma', 'dysgerminomas', 'pure dysgerminomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian dysgerminoma']


abstract: The effect of M-VAC ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 ) chemotherapy supported recombinant @entity1 granulocyte stimulating factor ( @entity7420 ) was studied in 18 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 66 years. Of the @entity1 6 had lung @entity3 and 12 had distant lymph node @entity3 . In this study recombinant @entity1 granulocyte stimulating factor was administered therapeutically at 100 to 250 micrograms subcutaneously after the white blood cell count was less than 3,000/mm. Relative dose-intensity (RDI) was 0.88 +/- 0.11 and 0.72 +/- 0.19 for 11 @entity1 with @entity7420 and 7 without @entity7420 , respectively. The relative dose regardless of the interval of the cycle of M-VAC chemotherapy (%Dose) was 0.95 +/- 0.06 and 0.86 +/- 0.09 for the @entity1 with @entity7420 and those without @entity7420 , respectively. Of seven @entity1 without @entity7420 3 @entity1 responded (response rate 42%, mean survival period 7.4 months). Of 11 @entity1 treated with @entity7420 3 @entity1 responded (response rate 72.7%, mean survival period 20.0 months). Although @entity7420 increased the RDI of M-VAC chemotherapy, the correlation of response with RDI was not clearly demonstrated. The therapeutical administrations of @entity7420 fail to improve the mean white blood cell nadir and to prevent the decrease of the platelet and reticulocyte count.

title: [Dose intensity in M-VAC chemotherapy with XXXX for metastatic transitional urothelial cancer].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity7420 :: (25610(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['rG-CSF']


abstract: @entity35 maternal behavior is a complex social behavior. Many clinically used antipsychotic drugs, including the typical drug @entity1767 and the atypical drugs @entity1088 , @entity1090 , @entity1037 , @entity1089 , @entity1770 , and @entity14867 , disrupt active maternal responses (e.g. pup retrieval, pup licking, and nest building) to various extents. In this review, I present a summary of recent studies on the behavioral effects and neurobiological mechanisms of antipsychotic action on maternal behavior in @entity35 . I argue that antipsychotic drugs at clinically relevant doses disrupt active maternal responses primarily by suppressing maternal motivation. Atypical drug-induced sedation also contributes to their disruptive effects, especially that on pup nursing. Among many potential receptor mechanisms, @entity935 D2 receptors and @entity750 5-HT2A/2C receptors are shown to be critically involved in the mediation of the maternal disruptive effects of antipsychotic drugs, with D2 receptors contributing more to typical antipsychotic-induced disruptions, whereas 5-HT2A/2C receptors contributing more to atypical drug-induced disruptions. The nucleus accumbens shell-related reward circuitry is an essential neural network in the mediation of the behavioral effects of antipsychotic drugs on maternal behavior. This research not only helps understand the extent and mechanisms of impact of antipsychotic medications on @entity1 maternal care, but is also important for enhancing our understanding of the neurochemical basis of maternal behavior. It is also valuable for understanding the complete spectrum of therapeutic effects and side-effects of antipsychotic treatment. This knowledge may facilitate the development of effective intervening strategies to help @entity1 coping with such undesirable effects.

title: Antipsychotic drugs on maternal behavior in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Two synthetic peptides, P354-14 ( @entity535 nos. 354 to 367) and P338-16 (nos. 338 to 353), corresponding to the partial @entity535 sequences of the hTSH receptor structure were studied for their ability to bind specifically serum IgGs from @entity1 with @entity2743 and to inhibit thyroid stimulating TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 SAb) activity. IgG binding was measured by an ELISA using sera from 102 Graves', 20 @entity2621 @entity1 , and 9 normal subjects. Both peptides showed significantly increased IgG binding of Graves' sera compared with those of @entity2621 and normal sera. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.529) between the amount of IgG bound by the two peptides, but neither of these values correlated well with their @entity5010 SAb activity nor thyrotropin-binding inhibitor TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 IAb) activity. @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects of these peptides were then analysed by measuring @entity5010 SAb activity after incubation with the peptides. Among eight Graves' IgGs tested the @entity5010 SAb activity of three was inhibited by both peptides, two were inhibited only by P354-14 and three were not affected by either. These @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects were dose-dependent and reproducible. To confirm these findings, a peptide-sepharose gel affinity absorption study was performed. Eleven Graves' IgGs were applied to both peptide gels and the @entity5010 SAb activity of the unabsorbed fraction was measured. The @entity5010 SAb activity of five IgGs was strongly absorbed only by P354-14 and five others were absorbed by both peptides to an almost similar extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from @entity1 with XXXX are heterogeneous in epitope recognition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Two synthetic peptides, P354-14 ( @entity535 nos. 354 to 367) and P338-16 (nos. 338 to 353), corresponding to the partial @entity535 sequences of the hTSH receptor structure were studied for their ability to bind specifically serum IgGs from @entity1 with @entity2743 and to inhibit thyroid stimulating TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 SAb) activity. IgG binding was measured by an ELISA using sera from 102 Graves', 20 @entity2621 @entity1 , and 9 normal subjects. Both peptides showed significantly increased IgG binding of Graves' sera compared with those of @entity2621 and normal sera. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.529) between the amount of IgG bound by the two peptides, but neither of these values correlated well with their @entity5010 SAb activity nor thyrotropin-binding inhibitor TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 IAb) activity. @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects of these peptides were then analysed by measuring @entity5010 SAb activity after incubation with the peptides. Among eight Graves' IgGs tested the @entity5010 SAb activity of three was inhibited by both peptides, two were inhibited only by P354-14 and three were not affected by either. These @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects were dose-dependent and reproducible. To confirm these findings, a peptide-sepharose gel affinity absorption study was performed. Eleven Graves' IgGs were applied to both peptide gels and the @entity5010 SAb activity of the unabsorbed fraction was measured. The @entity5010 SAb activity of five IgGs was strongly absorbed only by P354-14 and five others were absorbed by both peptides to an almost similar extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from XXXX with @entity2743 are heterogeneous in epitope recognition.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Diesel engine-powered vehicles emit some 30 to 100 times more particles than do @entity18683 engine cars. We previously reported that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) could produce @entity224 anions in an in vitro study. Furthermore, @entity19 instilled intratracheally with DEP showed high mortality at low doses. The cause of @entity204 was @entity4 with damage to the lung endothelial cells. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the onset of mortality induced by DEP, we examined the direct action of DEP on the isolated atrium of @entity840 . A light-duty (2740cc), four cylinder diesel engine was used. The DEP were collected on fiberglass filter. DEP caused a negative inotropic action that was followed by the @entity1167 of the isolated left atrium. These actions were not inhibited by @entity1169 , @entity3897 , @entity1855 , @entity3988 , @entity3933 , @entity3352 , @entity224 dismutase or @entity33150 . The precise mechanism of @entity1167 is unknown. However, these results suggest that @entity1370 induced by DEP might be involved in @entity4 .

title: Biological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on isolated cardiac muscle of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: 7.5% @entity1219 /6% dextran-70 ( @entity22945 ) has been shown to be an effective, small volume resuscitation fluid following @entity548 ( @entity548 ) in euhydrated (E) @entity742 . However, there is controversy whether @entity4372 solutions would be effective in dehydrated (D) animals. Therefore, we used two groups (E and 4 days D) of chronically instrumented ewes to evaluate the responses to @entity22945 following @entity548 . All @entity742 were bled and maintained at 50 mmHg @entity551 ( @entity551 ) for 2 h, then resuscitated with a 4 mL/kg bolus of @entity22945 . Dehydration did not affect baseline @entity551 , heart rate (HR), or total peripheral resistance (TPR), whereas cardiac output (CO: E, 5.28 +/- .31; D, 4.00 +/- .31 L/min), @entity64 volume (SV: E, 61 +/- 4; D, 44 +/- 4 mL/beat), urine flow rate (V: E, .51 +/- .11; D, .34 +/- .07 mL/min), and @entity1372 excretion (UNa V: E, 22 +/- 8; D, 6 +/- 2 microEq/min) were reduced and plasma @entity1372 (PNa: E, 150 +/- 3; D, 157 +/- 2 mEq/L) and protein (PTP E, 7.8 +/- .1; D, 8.8 +/- .6 g/dL) were elevated. The only difference between groups during @entity548 were HR (E, 98 +/- 8; D, 150 +/- 17 bpm), SV (E, 31 +/- 3; D, 14 +/- 2), and TPR (E, 23 +/- 2; D, 32 +/- 3). Resuscitation with @entity22945 restored @entity551 (E, 92 +/- 3; D, 92 +/- 2), CO (E, 6.2 +/- .3; D, 4.2 +/- .2), and TPR (E, 15 +/- 1; D, 23 +/- 1) to baseline values. SV was increased above @entity548 values but was not restored to baseline values in either group (E, 50 +/- 7; D, 27 +/- 3). HR increased further following @entity22945 (E, 143 +/- 11; D, 158 +/- 5). PNa was raised 10 and 16 mEq/L in the E and @entity742 , respectively, following @entity22945 infusion, but no adverse effects associated with elevated PNa were observed in either group. Thus, @entity22945 was effective in restoring @entity551 , CO, and TPR to baseline values in @entity742 but it was at the expense of a lower SV and a higher HR than in E @entity742 .

title: Comparison of 7.5% XXXX /6% dextran-70 resuscitation of @entity548 between euhydrated and dehydrated @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'HEM']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

answer: @entity1219 :: (CHEBI:26710,Chemical) :: ['NaCl']


abstract: 7.5% @entity1219 /6% dextran-70 ( @entity22945 ) has been shown to be an effective, small volume resuscitation fluid following @entity548 ( @entity548 ) in euhydrated (E) @entity742 . However, there is controversy whether @entity4372 solutions would be effective in dehydrated (D) animals. Therefore, we used two groups (E and 4 days D) of chronically instrumented ewes to evaluate the responses to @entity22945 following @entity548 . All @entity742 were bled and maintained at 50 mmHg @entity551 ( @entity551 ) for 2 h, then resuscitated with a 4 mL/kg bolus of @entity22945 . Dehydration did not affect baseline @entity551 , heart rate (HR), or total peripheral resistance (TPR), whereas cardiac output (CO: E, 5.28 +/- .31; D, 4.00 +/- .31 L/min), @entity64 volume (SV: E, 61 +/- 4; D, 44 +/- 4 mL/beat), urine flow rate (V: E, .51 +/- .11; D, .34 +/- .07 mL/min), and @entity1372 excretion (UNa V: E, 22 +/- 8; D, 6 +/- 2 microEq/min) were reduced and plasma @entity1372 (PNa: E, 150 +/- 3; D, 157 +/- 2 mEq/L) and protein (PTP E, 7.8 +/- .1; D, 8.8 +/- .6 g/dL) were elevated. The only difference between groups during @entity548 were HR (E, 98 +/- 8; D, 150 +/- 17 bpm), SV (E, 31 +/- 3; D, 14 +/- 2), and TPR (E, 23 +/- 2; D, 32 +/- 3). Resuscitation with @entity22945 restored @entity551 (E, 92 +/- 3; D, 92 +/- 2), CO (E, 6.2 +/- .3; D, 4.2 +/- .2), and TPR (E, 15 +/- 1; D, 23 +/- 1) to baseline values. SV was increased above @entity548 values but was not restored to baseline values in either group (E, 50 +/- 7; D, 27 +/- 3). HR increased further following @entity22945 (E, 143 +/- 11; D, 158 +/- 5). PNa was raised 10 and 16 mEq/L in the E and @entity742 , respectively, following @entity22945 infusion, but no adverse effects associated with elevated PNa were observed in either group. Thus, @entity22945 was effective in restoring @entity551 , CO, and TPR to baseline values in @entity742 but it was at the expense of a lower SV and a higher HR than in E @entity742 .

title: Comparison of 7.5% @entity1219 /6% dextran-70 resuscitation of XXXX between euhydrated and dehydrated @entity742 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: 7.5% @entity1219 /6% dextran-70 ( @entity22945 ) has been shown to be an effective, small volume resuscitation fluid following @entity548 ( @entity548 ) in euhydrated (E) @entity742 . However, there is controversy whether @entity4372 solutions would be effective in dehydrated (D) animals. Therefore, we used two groups (E and 4 days D) of chronically instrumented ewes to evaluate the responses to @entity22945 following @entity548 . All @entity742 were bled and maintained at 50 mmHg @entity551 ( @entity551 ) for 2 h, then resuscitated with a 4 mL/kg bolus of @entity22945 . Dehydration did not affect baseline @entity551 , heart rate (HR), or total peripheral resistance (TPR), whereas cardiac output (CO: E, 5.28 +/- .31; D, 4.00 +/- .31 L/min), @entity64 volume (SV: E, 61 +/- 4; D, 44 +/- 4 mL/beat), urine flow rate (V: E, .51 +/- .11; D, .34 +/- .07 mL/min), and @entity1372 excretion (UNa V: E, 22 +/- 8; D, 6 +/- 2 microEq/min) were reduced and plasma @entity1372 (PNa: E, 150 +/- 3; D, 157 +/- 2 mEq/L) and protein (PTP E, 7.8 +/- .1; D, 8.8 +/- .6 g/dL) were elevated. The only difference between groups during @entity548 were HR (E, 98 +/- 8; D, 150 +/- 17 bpm), SV (E, 31 +/- 3; D, 14 +/- 2), and TPR (E, 23 +/- 2; D, 32 +/- 3). Resuscitation with @entity22945 restored @entity551 (E, 92 +/- 3; D, 92 +/- 2), CO (E, 6.2 +/- .3; D, 4.2 +/- .2), and TPR (E, 15 +/- 1; D, 23 +/- 1) to baseline values. SV was increased above @entity548 values but was not restored to baseline values in either group (E, 50 +/- 7; D, 27 +/- 3). HR increased further following @entity22945 (E, 143 +/- 11; D, 158 +/- 5). PNa was raised 10 and 16 mEq/L in the E and @entity742 , respectively, following @entity22945 infusion, but no adverse effects associated with elevated PNa were observed in either group. Thus, @entity22945 was effective in restoring @entity551 , CO, and TPR to baseline values in @entity742 but it was at the expense of a lower SV and a higher HR than in E @entity742 .

title: Comparison of 7.5% @entity1219 /6% dextran-70 resuscitation of @entity548 between euhydrated and dehydrated XXXX .

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: In a prospective study at the University of Erlangen, Dept. Gynaecol, and Obstet., 228 @entity1 with @entity0 during their primary surgery and 20 @entity1 during their metastatic surgery, underwent bone marrow punctions at six punction sides, which were twice at the sternum and twice at both iliac crest. The control group was 20 @entity1 without an @entity189 . Aim of the study was to detect or exclude @entity5 cells in the bone marrow via examination of the biopsies with monoclonal antibodies EMA and cytokeratin and consequently to find out the meaning of the results as prognostic criteria by statistical measurements. @entity5 cells in the bone marrow were detected in 46.5% (106/228) of the @entity1 , who underwent a bone marrow biopsy during primary surgery. 21% (23/106) of the @entity1 who were bone marrow positive, but only 5.75% (7/122) of the @entity1 , who were bone marrow negative, developed @entity3 during a median follow-up of 20 months. This difference is statistically significant. 17 of the 30 @entity1 with recurrences developed bone @entity3 ; 16 of them were EMA-positive. The median recurrence-free interval was 5 months in the bone marrow positive group and therefore noticeably shorter, than in the bone marrow negative @entity1 group with 11 months. Of the nodal negative @entity1 , 2 bone marrow positive @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . With the knowledge of the nodal status and bone marrow biopsy result, it was possible to predict 28 of the 30 @entity1 correctly in respect of their risk to metastasize. The result of the @entity236 was proved in a multivariate analysis to be an independent prognostic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunocytochemical detection of @entity5 cells in bone marrow as a prognostic factor in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow puncture']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: In a prospective study at the University of Erlangen, Dept. Gynaecol, and Obstet., 228 @entity1 with @entity0 during their primary surgery and 20 @entity1 during their metastatic surgery, underwent bone marrow punctions at six punction sides, which were twice at the sternum and twice at both iliac crest. The control group was 20 @entity1 without an @entity189 . Aim of the study was to detect or exclude @entity5 cells in the bone marrow via examination of the biopsies with monoclonal antibodies EMA and cytokeratin and consequently to find out the meaning of the results as prognostic criteria by statistical measurements. @entity5 cells in the bone marrow were detected in 46.5% (106/228) of the @entity1 , who underwent a bone marrow biopsy during primary surgery. 21% (23/106) of the @entity1 who were bone marrow positive, but only 5.75% (7/122) of the @entity1 , who were bone marrow negative, developed @entity3 during a median follow-up of 20 months. This difference is statistically significant. 17 of the 30 @entity1 with recurrences developed bone @entity3 ; 16 of them were EMA-positive. The median recurrence-free interval was 5 months in the bone marrow positive group and therefore noticeably shorter, than in the bone marrow negative @entity1 group with 11 months. Of the nodal negative @entity1 , 2 bone marrow positive @entity1 developed distant @entity3 . With the knowledge of the nodal status and bone marrow biopsy result, it was possible to predict 28 of the 30 @entity1 correctly in respect of their risk to metastasize. The result of the @entity236 was proved in a multivariate analysis to be an independent prognostic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunocytochemical detection of XXXX cells in bone marrow as a prognostic factor in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIMS: The IMPROVE study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 ( @entity14184 ) in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 in the routine practice. Here we present the results for @entity1 from Italy. METHODS: Adverse events, hypoglycaemia, glycaemic control, @entity1 treatment satisfaction and physician resource utilisation were assessed at baseline and 26 weeks. RESULTS: Out of the 1371 @entity1 enrolled, 84.1% (n=1153) were receiving @entity14184 at baseline (in accordance with local regulations), and were included in the study. Mean HlbA, reduction was--0.63% after 26 weeks (p < 0.001); 26.5% and 13.5% of @entity1 reached the HbA(1c) targets of < 7% and < 6.5%, respectively. Fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 significantly decreased; 65% of @entity1 were using @entity14184 once daily and 32% twice daily at final visit. Rates of major and minor hypoglycaemic events also significantly decreased. Small weight increase was observed, and total insulin daily dose increased from 0.29 IU/kg pre-study to 0.32 IU/kg at final visit. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, @entity14184 in the routine care improved glycaemic control and reduced hypoglycaemia; however, there was little intensification and titration. This may partly explain the relatively small improvement in glycaemic control in Italy compared with other countries in the IMPROVE study.

title: The IMPROVE study--a multinational, multicentre, observational study in type 2 XXXX : results from the Italian cohort.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The optimal management of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic @entity358 ( @entity358 ) is controversial. Since there is a paucity of data relating to surgical risks in this specific population, we reviewed our experience to further inform this controversy. METHODS: Ethically approved 10 year (2004-2013) retrospective review. @entity1 were included only if the @entity358 was diagnosed prenatally and remained asymptomatic. Indication for surgery was physician recommendation and/or parental choice. MAIN RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were identified. Median age at surgery was 6.5 months (range 65 days to 9.6 years). Resections were performed thoracoscopically (n   =   51, one conversion) or by thoracotomy (n   =   9). Surgical time was 2.5   hr (43   min to 4.75   hr). A chest drain was used in 58/60 and remained in situ 53   hr (23-108). There were no @entity532 or blood transfusions. All @entity1 were extubated at the end of the procedure with no re-intubations. Post-operative hospitalization was 73.4   hr (23.8   hr to 4.2 days). Overall, complications occurred in 14/60 (23%). Eleven were minor but three were major: tension pneumothorax associated with new presentation of a small previously undiagnosed diaphragmatic hernia 5 days following resection; aggressive @entity81 of the chest wall in the region close to resection 2 years later; and near-fatal hypovolemic @entity1167 due to massive @entity548 from a feeding vessel on postoperative day 7. There were no deaths and no cases of @entity8524 . CONCLUSION: Resection of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic @entity358 is associated with a significant risk of complications, which may be life threatening. These data contribute to a balanced discussion of risks and benefits for these @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:525-530.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Morbidity after elective resection of prenatally diagnosed asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pulmonary airway malformations', 'CPAM']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity8524 :: ('MESH:C537516', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary blastoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['congenital pulmonary airway malformations']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity263 is most commonly made today by transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy. Often hypoechoic and peripheral zone lesions are the only areas sampled. Recently, we showed that this approach missed a quarter of the @entity5 that would be detected by a systematic biopsy technique. We term these missed @entity5 @entity189 . We reviewed 1,549 systematic sextant prostate needle biopsies, of which 417 @entity5 were detected and subdivided into @entity5 ( @entity5 detected on biopsy of a @entity5 ( @entity5 found only in normal [isoechoic] peripheral zone). We noted in @entity1 with only @entity5 that fewer biopsy cores per prostate revealed @entity5 (mean 1.6 versus 3.0, p < 0.0001) and that these @entity1 had lower serum @entity1486 levels (mean 14.4 versus 43.7, p < 0.001). The Gleason scores for the @entity5 were indistinguishable. The pathological staging of @entity5 was also similar. This study suggests that while @entity5 are generally smaller than @entity5 , they do not represent low grade clinically insignificant @entity189 . A systematic approach to performing prostate biopsy is recommended.

title: The significance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isoechoic and hypoechoic cancers', 'hypoechoic and isoechoic cancers', 'isoechoic cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'hypoechoic sector and isoechoic cancers', 'hypoechoic cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'isoechoic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['isoechoic prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity272 are characterized by a mosaic pattern, often with alternating stripes of affected and unaffected skin that follow the lines of Blaschko. These nonrandom patterns may be caused by a postzygotic mutation during embryogenesis. We studied the genetic basis of one @entity74 , @entity9397 of the epidermolytic hyperkeratotic type. @entity5656 is an @entity272 arising from mutations in the genes for keratin (K) 1 and 10. The offspring of @entity1 with @entity7174 may have generalized @entity5656 . METHODS: We studied the K1 and @entity7434 genes in blood and in the keratinocytes and fibroblasts of lesional and nonlesional skin from three @entity1 with @entity7174 and four of their offspring with @entity5656 . RESULTS: In the @entity1 with @entity7174 , point mutations in 50 percent of the @entity7434 alleles of epidermal cells were found in keratinocytes from lesional skin; no mutations were detected in normal skin. This mutation was absent or underrepresented in blood and skin fibroblasts. In the offspring with @entity5656 , the same mutations as those in the parents were found in 50 percent of the @entity7434 alleles from all cell types examined. CONCLUSIONS: Epidermal nevus of the epidermolytic hyperkeratotic type is a mosaic @entity74 of suprabasal keratin. The correlation of mutations in the @entity7434 gene with lesional skin and the correlation of the normal gene with normal skin provide evidence that genetic mosaicism can cause clinical mosaicism.

title: Genetic and clinical mosaicism in a type of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis', 'epidermolytic hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevi']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['such disorder', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity9397 :: ('MESH:C580062', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders', 'autosomal dominant blistering skin disease']

answer: @entity9397 :: (MESH:C580062,Disease) :: ['epidermal nevus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this project is to develop an in vitro approach that can be used to determine the @entity4613 binding capacity of sevelamer @entity5209 and @entity6445 for both drug products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A simple and efficient inductively coupled plasma spectrometer method for analysis of @entity4613 at physiologically relevant pH conditions has been developed and validated. The method addresses each of the analytical validation characteristics such as linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and selectivity, and meets the acceptance criteria defined in the United States Food and Drug Administration guidance (Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2001. Guidance for industry-Bioanalytical method validation, May). The in vitro @entity4613 binding efficacies were systematically evaluated and compared for two drug products and two APIs. The @entity4613 binding profiles appeared similar between the drug products. Under all conditions, the sevelamer- @entity4613 binding reached equilibrium at 6 h. The 90% confidence interval for the k2 ratio (sevelamer @entity6445 vs. @entity11649 ) was well within 80%-125% under all pH conditions. However, the k1 ratio varied, indicating that there exists difference in the binding affinity. Our findings will be useful in assisting with "in vivo" biowaiver for the approval of generic sevelamer drug products.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci.

title: Evaluation of the In Vitro Efficacy of XXXX and @entity11649 .

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity11649 :: ('MESH:C405346', 'Chemical') :: ['sevelamer hydrochloride']

answer: @entity11649 :: (MESH:C405346,Chemical) :: ['Sevelamer Hydrochloride']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this project is to develop an in vitro approach that can be used to determine the @entity4613 binding capacity of sevelamer @entity5209 and @entity6445 for both drug products and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). A simple and efficient inductively coupled plasma spectrometer method for analysis of @entity4613 at physiologically relevant pH conditions has been developed and validated. The method addresses each of the analytical validation characteristics such as linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and selectivity, and meets the acceptance criteria defined in the United States Food and Drug Administration guidance (Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2001. Guidance for industry-Bioanalytical method validation, May). The in vitro @entity4613 binding efficacies were systematically evaluated and compared for two drug products and two APIs. The @entity4613 binding profiles appeared similar between the drug products. Under all conditions, the sevelamer- @entity4613 binding reached equilibrium at 6 h. The 90% confidence interval for the k2 ratio (sevelamer @entity6445 vs. @entity11649 ) was well within 80%-125% under all pH conditions. However, the k1 ratio varied, indicating that there exists difference in the binding affinity. Our findings will be useful in assisting with "in vivo" biowaiver for the approval of generic sevelamer drug products.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci.

title: Evaluation of the In Vitro Efficacy of @entity11649 and XXXX .

answer: @entity11649 :: (MESH:C405346,Chemical) :: ['Sevelamer Carbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventionally the active ingredients in herbal extracts are separated into individual components, by fractionation, desalting, and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study we have tried to directly screen water-soluble fractions of herbs with potential active ingredients before purification or extraction. We propose that the herbal extracts mimicking @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) and E(2) ( @entity1421 ) can be identified in the water-soluble non-purified fraction. @entity5015 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule used for treating @entity1095 while @entity1421 is an inflammatory molecule. METHODS: We used cell-based assays (CytoFluor multi-well plate reader and fluorescence microscopy) in which a @entity460 signal was generated by the recombinant EP(1) receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells ( @entity1 embryonic kidney). @entity5015 and @entity1421 were tested for their ability to generate a @entity460 signal. Ninety-six water soluble fractions of Treasures of the east (single Chinese herb dietary supplements) were screened. RESULTS: After screening, the top ten stimulators were identified. The identified herbs were then desalted and the @entity460 fluorescent signal reconfirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Among these top ten agonists identified, seven stimulated the @entity460 signaling (1-40  M concentration) using fluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescence microscopy and multi-well plate readers can be used as a target specific method for screening water soluble fractions with active ingredients at a very early stage, before purification. Our future work consists of purifying and separating the active ingredients and repeating fluorescence microscopy. Under ordinary circumstances we would have to purify the compounds first and then test all the extracts from 96 herbs. Conventionally, for screening natural product libraries, the procedure followed is the automated separation of all constituents into individual components using fractionation and high performance liquid chromatography. We, however, demonstrated that the active ingredients of the herbal extracts can be tested before purification using an agonist sensitive, quick and simple cell-based signaling assay for ligands mimicking the agonists, @entity5015 and @entity1421 .

title: An agonist sensitive, quick and simple cell-based signaling assay for determination of ligands mimicking XXXX or E1 activity through subtype EP1 receptor: Suitable for high throughput screening.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(1)', 'PGE(1)']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a noninvasive echocardiographic method for the diagnosis of @entity67 in @entity1 with varying degrees of @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Little is known however, on the utility of TDI in the serial assessment of @entity854 in @entity472 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current proposal was to examine whether treatment with @entity8671 was successful in improving @entity854 in @entity1 enrolled in the Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation Measuring Effects of @entity8671 (ASTRONOMER) study. METHODS: Conventional Doppler indices including peak early (E) and late (A) transmitral velocities, and E/A ratio were measured from spectral Doppler. Tissue Doppler measurements including early (E') and late (A') velocities of the lateral annulus were determined, and E/E' was calculated. RESULTS: The study population included 168 @entity1 (56    13 years), whose @entity472 severity was categorized based on peak velocity at baseline (Group I: 2.5-3.0 m/s; Group II: 3.1-3.5 m/s; Group III: 3.6-4.0 m/s). Baseline and follow-up hemodynamics, LV dimensions and diastolic functional parameters were evaluated in all three groups. There was increased @entity67 from baseline to follow-up in each of the placebo and @entity8671 groups. In @entity1 with increasing severity of @entity472 in Groups I and II, the lateral E' was lower and the E/E' (as an estimate of increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) was higher at baseline (p < 0.05). However, treatment with @entity8671 did not affect the progression of @entity67 from baseline to 3.5 year follow-up between @entity1 in any of the three predefined groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with mild to moderate asymptomatic @entity472 , @entity8671 did not attenuate the progression of @entity67 .

title: Evaluating the effectiveness of @entity8671 in preventing the progression of @entity67 in XXXX : A substudy of the @entity472 progression observation measuring effects of @entity8671 (ASTRONOMER) study.

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']