abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Aflibercept is an approved therapy for neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In vitro and in vivo studies did not detect @entity137 to the retinal pigment epithelium cells using the approved @entity5 protein, ziv-aflibercept. Our purpose is to determine if ziv-aflibercept can be used in @entity1020 and @entity6 without @entity2194 , to test the stability of ziv-aflibercept, and to do a cost analysis. METHODS: Prospectively, consecutive @entity1 with @entity1020 or @entity6 and poor vision underwent one intravitreal injection of 0.05   mL of fresh filtered ziv-aflibercept (1.25   mg). Monitoring of best-corrected visual acuity, @entity32 , @entity231 progression, and retinal structure by spectral domain optical coherence tomography was done at 1   day and 1   week after injection. Ziv-aflibercept activity over 4   weeks was measured by capturing @entity7 by ELISA. RESULTS: There were no signs of @entity989 , @entity32 or change in lens status in four eyes with @entity1020 and two eyes with @entity6 . Visual acuity improved (p=0.05) and central foveal thickness decreased in all @entity1 (p=0.05). Ziv-aflibercept had no loss of anti- @entity7 activity when kept at 4  C in @entity6027 syringes over 4   weeks. Similar to bevacizumab, compounded ziv-aflibercept would yield a tremendous saving compared with aflibercept or ranibizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Off-label use of ziv-aflibercept improves visual acuity without @entity2194 and may offer a cheaper alternative to the same molecule aflibercept. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02173873.

title: Ziv-aflibercept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to report on the psychometric properties of a newly developed self-rating scale (Munich Eating and Feeding Disorder Questionnaire) for the detailed assessment of eating and feeding disorders on the basis of the @entity4987 criteria. The questionnaire aims at developing a comprehensive assessment of @entity1277 symptoms suitable for severity ratings with regard to total scale and subscales, for deriving @entity1277 diagnoses according to @entity4987 and ICD-10 and for measuring (intervention induced) changes over time. METHODS: Items were formulated by clinical experts and entered into factor analysis in two separate samples of eating-disordered inpatients. Additionally, 47 clinical and 547 community control @entity1 were assessed. Internal consistency and sensitivity to change over time are also reported. RESULTS: Three subscales were identified covering 'preoccupation with figure and weight', ' @entity391 ' for current and past state. Test-retest reliability for the three subscales ranged between .95 and .98 (current status). A high sensitivity to change during inpatient treatment from admission to discharge was expressed in high effect sizes; for the total score (current status) for all @entity1277 , the effect size was 1.70. Effect sizes for @entity1278 were mostly lower than those for @entity1279 . Clinical and community controls obtained significantly lower scores compared with eating-disordered @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This new @entity4987 questionnaire shows satisfying psychometric properties and is well suited for the rating of @entity1277 severity in clinical practice and research.

title: The Munich eating and feeding disorder questionnaire (Munich ED-Quest) XXXX /ICD-10: validity, reliability, sensitivity to change and norms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ["bingeing and vomiting' and 'inappropriate compensatory behaviour"]

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ancestrally related membrane proteins on cells that mediate the pharmacological effect of most drugs and neurotransmitters. GPCRs are the largest group of membrane receptor proteins encoded in the @entity1 genome. One of the most famous types of GPCRs is the opioid receptors. Opioid family receptors consist of four closely related proteins expressed in all vertebrate brains and spinal cords examined to date. The three classical types of opioid receptors shown unequivocally to mediate analgesia in animal models and in @entity1 are the mu- ( @entity6253 ), delta- (DOR), and kappa-(KOR) opioid receptor proteins. The fourth and most recent member of the opioid receptor family discovered is the @entity26010 or @entity55393 (ORL). The role of ORL and its ligands in producing analgesia is not as clear, with both analgesic and @entity1931 effects reported. All four opioid family receptor genes were cloned from expressed mRNA in a number of vertebrate species, and there are enough sequences presently available to carry out bioinformatic analysis. This chapter presents the results of a comparative analysis of vertebrate opioid receptors using pharmacological studies, bioinformatics, and the latest data from @entity1 whole-genome studies. Results confirm our initial hypotheses that the four opioid receptor genes most likely arose by whole-genome duplication, that there is an evolutionary vector of opioid receptor type divergence in sequence and function, and that the @entity6253 gene shows evidence of positive selection or adaptive evolution in @entity1 .

title: Bioinformatics and Evolution of Vertebrate XXXX and Opioid Receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity55393 :: ('4987', 'Gene') :: ['orphanin FQ receptor']

answer: @entity26010 :: (5368,Gene) :: ['Nociceptin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies investigating @entity28 and cardiometabolic risk have focused on 'at-risk' populations and methodological inconsistencies have produced equivocal findings. The present cross-sectional study investigated indices of body composition as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and their relationship with @entity32 in apparently healthy young adults. METHODS: A fasting blood sample was taken from consenting adults (160 males, 32 females, aged 18-40  years) for assessment of cardiometabolic risk markers (blood pressure, lipid profiles and insulin resistance) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity650 , @entity688 and @entity1254 ). Together with anthropometry, fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity6120 ) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FM was expressed in absolute terms (kg), as well as relative to total body weight (%), height [FM index (FMI, kg  m(-2) )] and @entity6120 (FM  :  @entity6120 ,%). RESULTS: Although anthropometric indices were associated with most cardiometabolic risk markers, the strongest relationship was observed with FMI. Relative to having a low cardiometabolic risk ( <=2 markers above clinically relevant cut-offs), each kg  m(-2) increase in FMI, increased the likelihood of having an increased cardiometabolic risk by 29% (odds ratio  =  1.29; 95% confidence interval  =  1.12-1.49). Inflammatory markers were not associated with body composition or cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS: FMI was the strongest predictor of overall cardiometabolic risk but not @entity32 per se. However, anthropometric indices, such as body mass index and waist-to-height ratio, remain valuable surrogate measures of adiposity in this group, particularly when risk markers are considered independently.

title: Indices of adiposity as predictors of cardiometabolic risk and XXXX in young adults.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat-free mass']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity221 ( @entity221 ) is associated with neonatal sequelae, and @entity1 in labour who receive epidural analgesia (EA) are more likely to develop @entity221 . The aims of this study were to investigate if EA and/or a diagnosis of @entity221 were associated to adverse neonatal outcomes at a population level. METHODS: Population-based register study with data from the Swedish Birth Register and the Swedish National @entity1 Register, including all nulliparae (n   =   294,329) with singleton pregnancies who gave birth at term in Sweden 1999-2008. Neonatal outcomes analysed were Apgar score (AS)   <   7 at 5   min and ICD-10 diagnosis of @entity75 (e.g. @entity410 or neonatal @entity1779 ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: EA was used in 44% of the deliveries. Low AS or @entity75 was found in 1.26% and 0.39% of the @entity1 in the EA group compared with 0.80% and 0.29% in the control group. In multivariate analysis, EA was associated with increased risk with low AS, AOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.16-1.39), but not with diagnosis of @entity75 , 1.11 (0.96-1.29). A diagnosis of @entity221 was associated with increased risk for both low AS, 2.27 (1.71-3.02), and of @entity75 , 1.97 (1.19-3.26). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of @entity221 was associated with low AS and @entity75 , whereas EA was only associated with low AS and not with @entity75 . The found associations might be a result of confounding by indication, which is difficult to assess in a registry-based population study.

title: Low Apgar score, XXXX and epidural analgesia during labour: a Swedish registry-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'MF', 'Maternal intrapartum fever']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['neonatal encephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We observed on different tissues and organisms a biological response after exposure to pulsed low frequency and low amplitude electric or electromagnetic fields but the precise mechanism of cell response remains unknown. The aim of this publication is to understand, using bioinformatics, the biological relevance of processes involved in the modification of gene expression. The list of genes analyzed was obtained after microarray protocol realized on cultures of @entity1 epidermal explants growing on deepidermized @entity1 skin exposed to a pulsed low frequency electric field. The directed acyclic graph on a WebGestalt Gene Ontology module shows six categories under the biological process root: "biological regulation", "cellular process", "cell proliferation", " @entity204 ", "metabolic process" and "response to stimulus". Enriched derived categories are coherent with the type of in vitro culture, the stimulation protocol or with the previous results showing a decrease of cell proliferation and an increase of differentiation. The Kegg module on WebGestalt has highlighted "cell cycle" and " @entity876 signaling pathway" as significantly involved. The Kegg website brings out interactions between FoxO, MAPK, JNK, @entity876 , @entity1435 , @entity10412 / @entity584 , Wnt, @entity3470 or @entity2451 . Some genes expressed by the stimulation are known to have an exclusive function on these pathways. Analyses performed with Pathway Studio linked cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, mitosis, cell @entity204 etc. with our microarrays results. Medline citation generated by the software and the fold change variation confirms a diminution of the proliferation, activation of the differentiation and a less well-defined role of apoptosis or wound healing. Wnt and DKK functional classes, @entity5741 , @entity71535 , @entity23638 , @entity2282 , @entity18012 , and @entity1841 genes proposed in previous publications after a manual analysis are also highlighted with other genes after Pathway Studio automatic procedure. Finally, an analysis conducted on a list of genes characterized by an accelerated regulation after extremely low frequency pulsed stimulation also confirms their role in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. Bioinformatics approach allows in-depth research, without the bias of pre-selection, on cellular processes involved in a huge gene list.

title: Cellular processes involved in XXXX epidermal cells exposed to extremely low frequency electric fields.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity988 ( @entity988 ) is a complex @entity146 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity988 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity988 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity988 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity988 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity988 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity988 in the population studied. However, for the @entity1633 / @entity39287 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity988 .

title: Association Study of the @entity7712 VNTR (DAT) and @entity1633 / XXXX Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alcohol dependence']

answer: @entity39287 :: (255239,Gene) :: ['ANKK1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity988 ( @entity988 ) is a complex @entity146 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity988 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity988 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity988 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity988 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity988 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity988 in the population studied. However, for the @entity1633 / @entity39287 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity988 .

title: Association Study of the @entity7712 VNTR (DAT) and XXXX / @entity39287 Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity1633 :: (1813,Gene) :: ['DRD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity988 ( @entity988 ) is a complex @entity146 , affecting 5.4% of the general population lifetime, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption influenced by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Genetic alterations in dopaminergic system are involved in the treatment and etiology of @entity988 . The aim of this search was to test the association of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a transporter and receptor of the dopaminergic system, with @entity988 through a study in a population of northeastern Brazil. METHODS: The study design was a case-control that included 227 males of northeastern Brazil (113 alcoholics and 114 controls). Alcoholics were classified according to the DSM-IV criteria for @entity988 and controls were subjects who had nonalcohol problems or who never drank. Genotyping was detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR and RFLP-PCR for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A, and subsequent electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies and association of polymorphisms with @entity988 were assessed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% and significance p  <  0.05. Data were analyzed on BioEstat 5.3 software. RESULTS: The @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR was associated with @entity988 , allelic, and genotypic frequencies were significantly different, respectively (A9 vs. A10: OR  =  1.88; p  =  0.01; A9/A9 vs. A10/A10: OR  =  6.25; p  =  0.02; A9/A9 vs. A9/A10  +  A10A10: OR  =  5.44; p  =  0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference when the allelic (p  =  0.10) and genotypic (p  >  0.05) frequencies for @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A were compared. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that A9 allele and A9/A9 genotype of the @entity7712 40  bp-VNTR are involved in the vulnerability to @entity988 in the population studied. However, for the @entity1633 / @entity39287 SNP does not present contributions to the development of @entity988 .

title: Association Study of the XXXX VNTR (DAT) and @entity1633 / @entity39287 Taq1A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Dependence in a Population from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity7712 :: (6531,Gene) :: ['SLC6A3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2467 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity296 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity13194 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1603 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2467 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous @entity2467 + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to @entity2467 + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity13194 :: ('CHEBI:6257', 'Chemical') :: ['L-isoproterenol']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2467 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity296 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity13194 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1603 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2467 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous XXXX + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to @entity2467 + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced @entity296 .

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['c-Kit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac- (CSC) and mesenchymal-derived (MSC) @entity2467 + isolated stem cells improve cardiac function after injury. However, no study has compared the therapeutic benefit of these cells when used autologously. METHODS: MSCs and CSCs were isolated on day 0. @entity296 was induced (day 28) by infusion of @entity13194 (1,100 ug/kg/hour) from Alzet minipumps for 10 days. @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was infused via minipumps (50 mg/mL) to identify proliferative cells during the injury phase. Following injury (day 38), autologous CSC (n = 7) and MSC (n = 4) were delivered by intracoronary injection. These animals were compared to those receiving sham injections by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Fractional shortening improved with CSC (26.9    1.1% vs. 16.1    0.2%, p = 0.01) and MSC (25.1    0.2% vs. 12.1    0.5%, p = 0.01) as compared to shams. MSC were superior to CSC in improving left ventricle end-diastolic (LVED) volume (37.7    3.1% vs. 19.9    9.4%, p = 0.03) and ejection fraction (27.7    0.1% vs. 19.9    0.4%, p = 0.02). LVED pressure was less in MSC (6.3    1.3 mmHg) as compared to CSC (9.3    0.7 mmHg) and sham (13.3    0.7); p = 0.01. LV @entity1603 + myocytes were higher in MSC (0.17    0.03%) than CSC (0.09    0.01%) and sham (0.06    01%); p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2467 + isolated CSC and MSC therapy improve cardiac function and attenuate pathological remodeling. However, MSC appear to confer additional benefit.

title: Autologous @entity2467 + Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections Provide Superior Therapeutic Benefit as Compared to XXXX + Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Feline Model of Isoproterenol-Induced @entity296 .

answer: @entity2467 :: (3815,Gene) :: ['c-Kit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against @entity741 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. By using a slow-releasing H2S donor, we investigated if H2S protected against @entity296 /R injury by activating @entity28890 and restoring I/R-impaired autophagic flux. Male @entity35 received anterior descending @entity1563 followed by reperfusion. The H2S donor ADT and/or the @entity28890 inhibitor, compound C (CC), were administered after occlusion. @entity1188 was analyzed histologically. @entity28890 activation was assessed in the @entity63 heart by analyzing phosphorylation of @entity28890 and S6 ribosomal protein. Autophagy was assessed by analyzing the following markers: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II, @entity50461 ( @entity50461 ), @entity28190 and beclin-1. We further investigated if blocking autophagic flux with chloroquine abolished ADT cardioprotection in  vivo. Myocardial I/R reduced serum H2S levels, which was elevated by ADT. ADT enhanced @entity28890 activation and reduced @entity1188 following I/R, and both effects were abolished by @entity28890 inhibition. Myocardial I/R induced autophagosome accumulation, as evidenced by the increased ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I, upregulation of beclin-1 and @entity28190 and reduction in @entity50461 . ADT blunted these autophagic changes induced by I/R, indicating that ADT restored I/R-impaired autophagic flux. The @entity28890 inhibitor CC blocked ADT effects on restoring I/R-impaired autophagy flux. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment abolished cardioprotection of ADT and increased autophagosome accumulation in the ADT-treated heart following I/R. In conclusion, @entity28890 activation and subsequent restoration of I/R-impaired autophagic flux are unrecognized mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects conferred by H2S donors.

title: Hydrogen sulfide protects against XXXX and reperfusion injury by activating AMP-activated protein kinase to  restore autophagic flux.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity50461 :: ('24944(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['lysosome associated membrane protein-2', 'LAMP-2']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional treatment for overt @entity99 (OHE), includes non-absorbable @entity7967 , @entity5154 , @entity1761 , @entity35861 and branched chain @entity1522 (BCAA). However, the optimum regimen remains inconclusive. AIM: To compare interventions in terms of @entity1 ' adverse events and major clinical outcomes. METHODS: Literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library studies published up to July 31 2014. RCTs of above interventions in OHE @entity1 were included. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) between treatments and the probabilities of ranking for treatment based on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty eligible RCTs were included. When compared with observation, only @entity35861 (OR 3.71, P  <  0.001) and BCAA (OR 3.37, P  <  0.001) improved clinical efficacy significantly. However, when @entity35861 was compared with BCAA, non-absorbable @entity7967 and @entity5154 , there was a trend suggesting that @entity35861 may be the most effective intervention with respect to clinical improvement (OR 1.10), @entity1761 (OR 1.31), non-absorbable @entity7967 (OR 2.75), @entity5154 (OR 2.22). In addition, @entity35861 (MD -20.18, 95% CI -40.12 to -0.27) provided a significant reduction in blood @entity3265 concentration compared with observation. @entity5154 appeared to be associated with more adverse events in comparison with non-absorbable @entity7967 (OR 10.15), @entity1761 (OR 17.31), @entity35861 (OR 3.16) or BCAA (OR 7.69). CONCLUSIONS: @entity35861 treatment may show a trend in superiority for clinical efficacy among standard interventions for OHE. @entity1761 shows the greatest reduction in blood ammonia concentration, and treatment with @entity5154 demonstrates a higher probability in causing adverse effects among the five compared interventions.

title: Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in @entity1 with overt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7967 :: ('MESH:D004187', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharides']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1761 :: ('MESH:C042734', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifaximin', 'rifaximin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['Neomycin', 'neomycin']

entities_list: @entity35861 :: ('MESH:C002939', 'Chemical') :: ['L-ornithine-L-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interventional treatment for overt @entity99 (OHE), includes non-absorbable @entity7967 , @entity5154 , @entity1761 , @entity35861 and branched chain @entity1522 (BCAA). However, the optimum regimen remains inconclusive. AIM: To compare interventions in terms of @entity1 ' adverse events and major clinical outcomes. METHODS: Literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library studies published up to July 31 2014. RCTs of above interventions in OHE @entity1 were included. Network meta-analysis combined direct and indirect evidence to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) between treatments and the probabilities of ranking for treatment based on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty eligible RCTs were included. When compared with observation, only @entity35861 (OR 3.71, P  <  0.001) and BCAA (OR 3.37, P  <  0.001) improved clinical efficacy significantly. However, when @entity35861 was compared with BCAA, non-absorbable @entity7967 and @entity5154 , there was a trend suggesting that @entity35861 may be the most effective intervention with respect to clinical improvement (OR 1.10), @entity1761 (OR 1.31), non-absorbable @entity7967 (OR 2.75), @entity5154 (OR 2.22). In addition, @entity35861 (MD -20.18, 95% CI -40.12 to -0.27) provided a significant reduction in blood @entity3265 concentration compared with observation. @entity5154 appeared to be associated with more adverse events in comparison with non-absorbable @entity7967 (OR 10.15), @entity1761 (OR 17.31), @entity35861 (OR 3.16) or BCAA (OR 7.69). CONCLUSIONS: @entity35861 treatment may show a trend in superiority for clinical efficacy among standard interventions for OHE. @entity1761 shows the greatest reduction in blood ammonia concentration, and treatment with @entity5154 demonstrates a higher probability in causing adverse effects among the five compared interventions.

title: Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in XXXX with overt @entity99 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term erectile function (EF) in @entity1 treated with @entity1496 -125 prostate brachytherapy (PB) and to determine factors predictive for @entity323 ( @entity323 ), including natural decline because of aging. METHODS: Two thousand nine hundred twenty-nine @entity1 (implanted July 1989-June 2012) with baseline EF and greater than 10-month followup (FU) are included. About 78.9% had full and 7.9% had partial EF at baseline. EF was assessed on a physician-reported three-point scale. Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to assess predictors of @entity323 and Kaplan-Meier curves time to @entity323 . The effect of aging was calculated from the declining rate of baseline EF seen in sequential 5-year age cohorts and from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. RESULTS: The median age was 66  years and median FU 3.5  years (maximum 14 years). About 1142 @entity1 had more than 5  years of FU, and 43% had received 6 months of @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT). Significant drop in EF was seen at 6  weeks after PB, with gradual decline thereafter. EF preservation at 5  years for age younger than 55, 56-59, 60-64, 65-69, and 70  year and older was 82%, 73%, 58%, 39%, and 23%, respectively. Comparisons of the 5-year age-related and treatment-related EF decline show that 50% of the long-term EF decline is related to aging. On univariate and multivariate analyses, age at implant, length of FU, @entity101 , @entity6 , and use of ADT (all p  <  0.01) were significant predictors of @entity323 . CONCLUSION: More than 80% of young @entity1 have EF preserved 5  years after PB. Age, ADT, history of @entity101 , and the natural decline in EF have negative impact on long-term EF after PB.

title: Effect of aging and long-term erectile function after XXXX -125 prostate brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: 1. The ability of arterial and non-arterial smooth muscle in five tissues (vas deferens, heart, bladder, colon, spleen) in four species ( @entity19 , @entity95 , @entity35 , @entity840 ) to accumulate and retain @entity1063 (NA) was measured in thin tissue slices exposed to NA for 30 min, then washed in cold saline solution for 30 min. NA accumulation was assessed histochemically by measuring the fluorescence brightness of the tissue with the Leitz @entity6688 microphotometer. In addition, similar measurements were made on smooth muscle in the cat spleen, on cardiac muscle and on the terminal adrenergic nerves.2. In general, arterial smooth muscle had a greater capacity to accumulate and retain NA than non-arterial smooth muscle, but there was a great species and organ variability. The ability to accumulate and retain NA was best developed in the @entity19 , followed by the @entity95 , @entity35 and @entity840 in that order. Among organs the artery to the vas and the coronary arteries showed the greatest retention. Among non-arterial smooth muscle the @entity19 vas and the @entity95 colon were notable.3. Cardiac muscle accumulates NA during exposure to the @entity6115 but, unlike smooth muscle, cannot retain it when washed with NA-free solution.4. Terminal adrenergic nerves in different tissues show some variability in fluorescence intensity, and this is increased after exposure to NA. This may indicate a variable capacity of these cells to accumulate and retain NA.

title: Species and tissue variation in extraneuronal and neuronal accumulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity174 , percutaneous @entity3574 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity691 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity1 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity158 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity158 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity158 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity1 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity3574 with @entity691 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity174 for a young @entity1 collective.

title: Percutaneous XXXX with @entity691 mesh and allograft bone for @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures', 'traumatic thoracolumbar fractures']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral augmentation']

answer: @entity3574 :: (OMIM:277300,Disease) :: ['vertebral augmentation']


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity174 , percutaneous @entity3574 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity691 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity1 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity158 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity158 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity158 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity1 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity3574 with @entity691 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity174 for a young @entity1 collective.

title: Percutaneous @entity3574 with XXXX mesh and allograft bone for @entity174 .

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: Purpose. In cases of @entity174 , percutaneous @entity3574 can be used in addition to posterior stabilisation. The use of an augmentation technique with a bone-filled @entity691 mesh as a stand-alone treatment for traumatic vertebral fractures has not yet been investigated. Methods. In this retrospective study, 17 @entity1 with acute type A3.1 fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine underwent stand-alone augmentation with mesh and allograft bone and were followed up for one year using @entity158 scales and sagittal endplate angles. Results. From before surgery to 12 months after surgery, @entity158 and physical function improved significantly, as indicated by an improvement in the median VAS score and in the median @entity158 and work scale scores. From before to immediately after surgery, all @entity1 showed a significant improvement in mean mono- and bisegmental kyphoses. During the one-year period, there was a significant loss of correction. Conclusions. Based on this data a stand-alone approach with @entity3574 with @entity691 mesh and allograft bone is not a suitable therapy option for incomplete @entity174 for a young @entity1 collective.

title: Percutaneous @entity3574 with @entity691 mesh and allograft bone for XXXX .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['traumatic thoracolumbar fractures']


abstract: Background. Injuries of the midfoot are often missed and therefore underestimated. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the final outcome. The primary aim of this study was to assess the pattern and results of early operative management of mid-foot @entity130 after a midterm follow up. Material and methods. This study was conducted on 25 @entity1 (19 Males, 6 Females ) with mean age of 34.6 years (range 18-60 years) with mid-foot @entity174 who were admitted consecutively at our centre from May 2008 through November 2010. 25 @entity1 fulfilling our inclusion criteria with mid-foot @entity174 were included in this study. Mechanism of injury, its pattern and results of operative management of @entity130 were assessed after acute management of these @entity174 on urgent basis. Evaluation of results was done by AOFAS Score. Results. Most common mode of injury was indirect trauma due to fall (n=12) followed by road traffic accident (n=9). Males (n=19) outnumbered females (n=6). The pattern of @entity130 requiring operative treatment as per our criteria were @entity174 (n=22) and navicular @entity174 (n=3). The mean follow up was 3.2 years and mean AOFAS score at 3.2 years was 78.36, with most @entity1 losing points to @entity158 and decreased recreational function. Conclusion. The @entity174 are the most common @entity130 around midfoot requiring operative treatment, and we believe that operative treatment considerably improves functional outcome in these @entity130 .

title: Midterm functional outcome after operative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Lisfranc fracture dislocations', 'fracture dislocations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'midfoot injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['midfoot injuries']


abstract: Proximal tubule and loop of Henle function are coupled, with proximal transport determining loop fluid composition, and loop transport modulating glomerular filtration via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). To examine this interaction, we begin with published models of the superficial @entity35 proximal convoluted tubule (PCT; including flow-dependent transport in a compliant tubule), and the @entity35 thick @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ). Transport parameters for this PCT are scaled down to represent the proximal straight tubule (PST), which is connected to the thick @entity4218 via a short descending limb. Transport parameters for superficial PCT and PST are scaled up for a juxtamedullary nephron, and connected to @entity4218 via outer and inner medullary descending limbs, and inner medullary thin @entity4218 . Medullary interstitial solute concentrations are specified. End- @entity4218 hydrostatic pressure is determined by distal nephron flow resistance, and the TGF signal is represented as a linear function of end- @entity4218 cytosolic Cl concentration. These two distal conditions required iterative solution of the model. Model calculations capture inner medullary countercurrent flux of urea, and also suggest the presence of an outer medullary countercurrent flux of ammonia, with reabsorption in @entity4218 and secretion in PST. For a realistically strong TGF signal, there is the expected homeostatic impact on distal flows, and in addition, a homeostatic effect on proximal tubule pressure. The model @entity10200 threshold is compatible with @entity35 data, and predicted @entity13897 with selective 1Na(+):1glucose cotransporter ( @entity71536 ) inhibition comports with observations in the @entity19 . Model calculations suggest that enhanced proximal tubule Na(+) reabsorption during @entity4854 is sufficient to activate TGF and contribute to @entity6 .

title: A mathematical model of XXXX proximal tubule and loop of Henle.

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['glucose excretion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic hyperfiltration']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['ascending Henle limb', 'AHL']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In this work, we present a method to assess left ventricle (LV) regional function from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging based on the @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) and regional area strain (RAS). CMR scans were performed for 30 @entity1 after first-time @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The CMR images were processed to reconstruct three-dimensional LV geometry, and the @entity9568 and RAS in a 16-segment model were computed using our proposed methodology. The method of computing the @entity9568 was tested and shown to be robust against variation in user input. Furthermore, analysis of data was feasible in all @entity1 and healthy volunteers without any exclusions. The @entity9568 correlated well with the RAS in a nonlinear manner (quadratic fit-R(2) = 0.88). In @entity1 after first-time @entity583 , the @entity9568 and RAS were significantly reduced across all 16 segments ( @entity9568 : p < 0.05; RAS: p < 0.01). Moreover, the @entity9568 and RAS significantly decreased with the extent of transmural scar obtained from late @entity2287 -enhanced CMR images. In addition, we show that the @entity9568 and RAS can be used to identify regions with compromised function in the @entity1 with preserved global ejection fraction with reasonable accuracy (more than 78%). These preliminary results confirmed the validity of our approach for accurate analysis of LV regional function. Our approach potentially offers physicians new insights into the local characteristics of the myocardial mechanics after a @entity583 .

title: Regional ejection fraction and regional area strain for left ventricular function assessment in male @entity1 after first-time XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['REF', 'regional ejection fraction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In this work, we present a method to assess left ventricle (LV) regional function from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging based on the @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) and regional area strain (RAS). CMR scans were performed for 30 @entity1 after first-time @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The CMR images were processed to reconstruct three-dimensional LV geometry, and the @entity9568 and RAS in a 16-segment model were computed using our proposed methodology. The method of computing the @entity9568 was tested and shown to be robust against variation in user input. Furthermore, analysis of data was feasible in all @entity1 and healthy volunteers without any exclusions. The @entity9568 correlated well with the RAS in a nonlinear manner (quadratic fit-R(2) = 0.88). In @entity1 after first-time @entity583 , the @entity9568 and RAS were significantly reduced across all 16 segments ( @entity9568 : p < 0.05; RAS: p < 0.01). Moreover, the @entity9568 and RAS significantly decreased with the extent of transmural scar obtained from late @entity2287 -enhanced CMR images. In addition, we show that the @entity9568 and RAS can be used to identify regions with compromised function in the @entity1 with preserved global ejection fraction with reasonable accuracy (more than 78%). These preliminary results confirmed the validity of our approach for accurate analysis of LV regional function. Our approach potentially offers physicians new insights into the local characteristics of the myocardial mechanics after a @entity583 .

title: Regional ejection fraction and regional area strain for left ventricular function assessment in male XXXX after first-time @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Neonatal @entity19 (2.3 to 2.8 g) were inoculated intragastrically with different @entity1 isolates of @entity5363 . At weekly intervals thereafter, @entity19 were sacrificed and dilution plate counts were performed on segments of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity19 were uniformly colonized by some strains for 2 weeks, whereas other strains were being cleared at that time. One strain (BO216) persisted in some @entity19 for 3 weeks. The greatest number of organisms (10(7)) was recovered from the cecum and large intestine. The small intestine had from 10(2) to 10(5) colony-forming units. Colonization of the stomach was not found consistently. One strain killed 13% of the infected @entity19 . @entity204 occurred between 1 and 5 days postinfection. Two other strains killed a smaller percentage of challenged animals, and two additional strains killed none. Retarded @entity1017 was noticed in some, but not all, of the infected @entity19 . The intestines of neonatal @entity35 and @entity95 were colonized much the same as those of @entity19 , whereas hamsters were resistant to colonization. Preweanling @entity19 , up to about 6.5 to 7.0 g, could be colonized with @entity5363 after intragastric challenge, but weanling @entity19 of larger weight (9.8 g) and young adult @entity19 (18.3 g) could not. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the lower ileum showed campylobacters in and below the dried mucous gel that lines the intestines. The use of this model for additional studies is discussed.

title: Intestinal colonization of neonatal animals by Campylobacter fetus subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['C. fetus subsp. jejuni', 'Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['jejuni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. This study aimed to analyze trends in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention in 20 years of data from the Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for @entity2438 (SR), the first @entity2438 intervention center in mainland China, and from a recent survey of members of the Heart Alliance, an industry association of @entity2438 intervention centers in China. METHODS: We analyzed the registration data at the SR from 1993 to 2012 for a total of 2,222 @entity1 who had a parent-reported diagnosis of @entity72 and 612 of ' @entity2438 tendencies'. Most of the @entity1 who were the primary focus of our analyses were age six and under. We also analyzed results of a survey we conducted in 2013 of 100 member centers of the Heart Alliance. Generalized Estimating Equations, multiple linear regression and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings are reported here. RESULTS: The number of hospitals where SR @entity1 received their diagnosis increased from several in the early 1990s to 276 at present. The proportion of ' @entity2438 tendencies' diagnosis increased 2.04-fold from 1998 to 2012 and was higher for @entity1 diagnosed at a younger age. The mean age at first diagnosis of @entity72 or ' @entity2438 tendencies' decreased by 0.27 years every decade. A higher level of parental education was statistically significantly associated with an earlier diagnosis of the @entity1 . The mean parental age at childbirth increased by about 1.48 years per decade, and the mean maternal age was 1.40 and 2.10 years higher than that in the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. At the time of the survey 3,957 @entity1 with @entity72 were being trained at the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers. Ninety-seven of these centers opened after the year 2000. Economically underdeveloped regions are still underserved. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed encouraging trends and remaining challenges in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention among @entity1 at the SR over the past 20 years and the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers in China at present.

title: Statistical analysis of twenty years (1993 to 2012) of data from mainland China's first intervention center for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'autistic', 'Autism']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. This study aimed to analyze trends in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention in 20 years of data from the Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for @entity2438 (SR), the first @entity2438 intervention center in mainland China, and from a recent survey of members of the Heart Alliance, an industry association of @entity2438 intervention centers in China. METHODS: We analyzed the registration data at the SR from 1993 to 2012 for a total of 2,222 @entity1 who had a parent-reported diagnosis of @entity72 and 612 of ' @entity2438 tendencies'. Most of the @entity1 who were the primary focus of our analyses were age six and under. We also analyzed results of a survey we conducted in 2013 of 100 member centers of the Heart Alliance. Generalized Estimating Equations, multiple linear regression and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings are reported here. RESULTS: The number of hospitals where SR @entity1 received their diagnosis increased from several in the early 1990s to 276 at present. The proportion of ' @entity2438 tendencies' diagnosis increased 2.04-fold from 1998 to 2012 and was higher for @entity1 diagnosed at a younger age. The mean age at first diagnosis of @entity72 or ' @entity2438 tendencies' decreased by 0.27 years every decade. A higher level of parental education was statistically significantly associated with an earlier diagnosis of the @entity1 . The mean parental age at childbirth increased by about 1.48 years per decade, and the mean maternal age was 1.40 and 2.10 years higher than that in the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. At the time of the survey 3,957 @entity1 with @entity72 were being trained at the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers. Ninety-seven of these centers opened after the year 2000. Economically underdeveloped regions are still underserved. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed encouraging trends and remaining challenges in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention among @entity1 at the SR over the past 20 years and the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers in China at present.

title: Statistical analysis of twenty years (1993 to 2012) of data from mainland China's first intervention center for XXXX with @entity72 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the risk of @entity912 associated with cervical transforaminal injection, is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine? Arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature, raising concern about the risks of epidural @entity134 injections (ESIs). METHODS: In a 47-year-old @entity1 , @entity451 of the lower extremities developed, specifically @entity1745 , after he underwent an @entity13959 for recurrent @entity158 . Correct needle placement was verified with epidurography. Immediately after the injection, the @entity1 felt his legs "going dead"; @entity451 of the lower extremities was noted. RESULTS: An initial magnetic resonance imaging study performed after the @entity1 was transferred to the emergency department was unremarkable. However, a later neurosurgical evaluation showed @entity1745 , and a second magnetic resonance imaging study showed the @entity1188 . We conducted a search of the PubMed database of articles from 2002 to 2011 containing the following keywords: complications, lumbar epidural @entity134 injection(s), @entity1971 , @entity1188 , @entity1188 , @entity1566 , @entity912 , paresis, @entity912 , @entity809 , and anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing this case and 5 similar cases, we weigh the potential benefits and risks of @entity13959 . Although one can safely assume that this severe, devastating complication is rare, we speculate that its true incidence remains unknown, possibly because of medicolegal implications. We believe that the rarity of this complication should not preclude the continued use of transforaminal @entity13959 ; rather, it should be emphasized for discussion with @entity1 during the consent process.

title: XXXX after epidural @entity134 injection: Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['conus medullaris syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['conus medullaris infarction', 'spinal cord infarction', 'conus infarct']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'plegia']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['Conus medullaris syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Given the risk of @entity912 associated with cervical transforaminal injection, is it time to reconsider transforaminal injections of the lumbar spine? Arguments for discontinuing lumbar injections have been discussed in the anesthesia literature, raising concern about the risks of epidural @entity134 injections (ESIs). METHODS: In a 47-year-old @entity1 , @entity451 of the lower extremities developed, specifically @entity1745 , after he underwent an @entity13959 for recurrent @entity158 . Correct needle placement was verified with epidurography. Immediately after the injection, the @entity1 felt his legs "going dead"; @entity451 of the lower extremities was noted. RESULTS: An initial magnetic resonance imaging study performed after the @entity1 was transferred to the emergency department was unremarkable. However, a later neurosurgical evaluation showed @entity1745 , and a second magnetic resonance imaging study showed the @entity1188 . We conducted a search of the PubMed database of articles from 2002 to 2011 containing the following keywords: complications, lumbar epidural @entity134 injection(s), @entity1971 , @entity1188 , @entity1188 , @entity1566 , @entity912 , paresis, @entity912 , @entity809 , and anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing this case and 5 similar cases, we weigh the potential benefits and risks of @entity13959 . Although one can safely assume that this severe, devastating complication is rare, we speculate that its true incidence remains unknown, possibly because of medicolegal implications. We believe that the rarity of this complication should not preclude the continued use of transforaminal @entity13959 ; rather, it should be emphasized for discussion with @entity1 during the consent process.

title: @entity1745 after epidural XXXX injection: Case report.

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Plants can be infected by two types of wall-less procaryotes, spiroplasmas and @entity9463 -like organisms (MLO), both located intracellularly in the phloem tissues of affected plants. Spiroplasmas have been cultured, characterized and shown to be true members of the class Mollicutes. MLO have not yet been cultured or characterized; they are thought to be @entity9463 -like on the basis of their ultrastructure as seen in situ, their sensitivity to @entity803 and resistance to @entity114 . Mycoplasmas can also be found on the surface of plants. These extracellularly located organisms are members of the following genera: @entity15398 . @entity9463 and Acholeplasma. The presence of such surface mycoplasmas must not be overlooked when attempts to culture MLO from affected plants are undertaken. Sensitive serological techniques such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can successfully be used to compare the MLO located in the phloem of affected plants with those eventually cultured from the same plants. In California and Morocco periwinkles naturally infected with both @entity15398 and MLO have been reported. With such doubly infected plants, the symptom expression has been that characteristic of the @entity347 (phyllody or stolbur), not that given by @entity15398 . Only @entity15398 can be cultured from such plants, but this does not indicate that @entity15398 is the causal agent of the disease expressed by the plant. In California many nonrutaceous plants have been found to be infected with @entity15398 . Stubborn affected citrus trees represent an important reservoir of @entity15398 , and Circulifer tenellus is an active leafhopper vector of @entity15398 . Hence, it is not surprising that in California MLO-infected fruit trees could also become infected with @entity15398 but it would not mean that @entity15398 is the causal agent of the disease. Criteria are discussed that are helpful in distinguishing between MLO infections and @entity15398 infections.

title: XXXX of plants.

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasma', 'Mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity15398 :: ('2133', 'Species') :: ['Spiroplasma', 'Spiroplasma citri', 'S. citri']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['MLO disease']

answer: @entity9463 :: (MESH:D009175,Disease) :: ['Mycoplasma infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims and background. To evaluate results of an intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost schedule with concurrent and neo-adjuvant @entity902 -based chemotherapy for the definitive treatment of locally advanced @entity135 in a retrospective series. Methods and study design. Between May 2007 and February 2010, 28 consecutive @entity1 with locally advanced @entity135 (stage II, 11%; III, 18%; IV, 71%) received intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost with concurrent and neoadjuvant (20/28 @entity1 ) chemotherapy, at 1.8 G/die to 54 Gy to the elective volume and 66 Gy (2.2 Gy/die) to the @entity5 volume. @entity137 were scored according to RTOG/EORTC. A quality of life questionnaire for late @entity2133 was also administered. Locoregional control and overall survival were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results. Median follow-up was 50 months, there was no grade 4 acute/late @entity137 . Major acute @entity137 were grade 2+ @entity33 , 79%; grade 2+ @entity2133 , 54%; grade 2+ @entity1282 , 86%; 54% of @entity1 required parenteral nutrition. The most relevant late reaction was grade 1 @entity2133 (64%), which gradually recovered with time. A linear correlation between the RTOG/EORTC scale and the quality of life questionnaire value (P = 0.0120, r2 = 0.2641) was found, receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) confirmed sensitivity of the quality of life questionnaire to define grade 2 late salivary @entity137 (P = 0.019). Five-year actuarial locoregional control and overall survival were 81%    7.7 SE and 82%    7.3 SE, respectively. Conclusions. A prospective trial of the intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost schedule tested in this retrospective series with concurrent and neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems warranted in order to establish this approach as a standard regimen of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost chemoradiation.

title: IMRT-SIB with concurrent and neo-adjuvant XXXX -based chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer: analysis of clinical outcomes in a retrospective series of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Acute and late toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is characterized by an abundant @entity2269 . We examined the prognostic value of stroma density and activity in @entity1 with resectable @entity1124 treated with surgery and adjuvant @entity136 -based chemotherapy. FFPE-tissue from the pancreatectomy of 145 @entity1 was immunohistochemically stained for @entity6175 - @entity1711 and Masson's trichrome to assess stroma density, and @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) expression for activated pancreatic stellate cells. Their expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics as well as @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and distant @entity3 free-survival (DMFS). After a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 2-69 months), the median @entity1349 was 21 months and the 3-year @entity1349 was 35.7%. In multivariate analysis, highly-dense stroma was an independent prognostic parameter for @entity1349 (p = 0.001), PFS (p = 0.007), LPFS (p = 0.001) and DMFS (p = 0.002), while @entity1970 expression lacked significance. Interestingly, highly-dense stroma retained significance for the four clinical endpoints only in early (pT1-2) but not late (pT3-4) stage @entity5 . Additionally, late pT-stage (pT3-4), the presence of lymph node @entity3 (pN+ vs pN0), perineural/neural invasion and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy also correlated with prognosis in multivariate analysis. Altogether, stroma density constitutes an independent prognostic marker in @entity1124 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings highlight the dynamic complexity of desmoplasia and indicate that highly-dense stroma is correlated with better outcome. Further validation of the prognostic value of stroma as a biomarker and its role in @entity1124 @entity1 after adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted and will be performed in a prospective study.

title: The prognostic role of @entity2269 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'aSMA']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is characterized by an abundant @entity2269 . We examined the prognostic value of stroma density and activity in @entity1 with resectable @entity1124 treated with surgery and adjuvant @entity136 -based chemotherapy. FFPE-tissue from the pancreatectomy of 145 @entity1 was immunohistochemically stained for @entity6175 - @entity1711 and Masson's trichrome to assess stroma density, and @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) expression for activated pancreatic stellate cells. Their expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics as well as @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and distant @entity3 free-survival (DMFS). After a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 2-69 months), the median @entity1349 was 21 months and the 3-year @entity1349 was 35.7%. In multivariate analysis, highly-dense stroma was an independent prognostic parameter for @entity1349 (p = 0.001), PFS (p = 0.007), LPFS (p = 0.001) and DMFS (p = 0.002), while @entity1970 expression lacked significance. Interestingly, highly-dense stroma retained significance for the four clinical endpoints only in early (pT1-2) but not late (pT3-4) stage @entity5 . Additionally, late pT-stage (pT3-4), the presence of lymph node @entity3 (pN+ vs pN0), perineural/neural invasion and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy also correlated with prognosis in multivariate analysis. Altogether, stroma density constitutes an independent prognostic marker in @entity1124 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings highlight the dynamic complexity of desmoplasia and indicate that highly-dense stroma is correlated with better outcome. Further validation of the prognostic value of stroma as a biomarker and its role in @entity1124 @entity1 after adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted and will be performed in a prospective study.

title: The prognostic role of XXXX in @entity1124 .

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic stroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECT: The recent trend for treatment of certain cases of @entity174 has been towards motion preserving surgery. This is claimed to be achieved with placement of pedicle screws across the @entity174 fragments. However, the long term outcome in clinical scenario is not yet clear, neither are the factors determining suitability of such a technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analyzed the results of 11 @entity1 of @entity174 , according to the extent of translation. Nine @entity1 underwent stabilization of @entity174 with C2 pedicle screws and 2 were managed with halo immobilization. The conservative management failed in one and this @entity1 underwent internal fixation using pars-pedicle screw as well. The long term clinical and radiological (CT and dynamic X-rays) outcome was analyzed. RESULTS: All @entity1 including the one with halo immobilization, showed solid fusion across the @entity174 fragments. With the exception of one @entity1 none had any clinical symptoms. This lone @entity1 complained of @entity717 . Three different types of radiological results were observed. Two @entity1 with translation >8mm showed @entity4049 body fusion. Three of 6 @entity1 with minimal translational (3-4mm) showed facet fusion. Three @entity1 with moderate translational dislocation (4.5-5.5mm) showed persisting @entity4049 angular instability. CONCLUSIONS: The C2 pedicle screw is a good technique for osteosynthesis. However, the claimed long term advantage of motion segment preservation with this technique remains doubtful. It may be suitable for those @entity174 with minimal translation (<4mm), where the superiority of surgery, itself, over external immobilization is questionable. @entity4049 fusion is preferable for those @entity174 with translation >4mm as these are unstable and C2 pedicle screws alone are likely to have less desirable results.

title: Are C2 pars-pedicle screws alone for XXXX overrated?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['restricted neck movements']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', "type II Hangman's fracture", 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['type II Hangman's fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of extremely large birthweight @entity1 presents challenges during the period of labour and delivery. We sought to examine outcomes in @entity1 with extreme @entity8455 (birthweight  >  5000  g), at an institution where the management of labour is standardised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data on all @entity1 with a birthweight >5000  g delivered at a tertiary level institution from 2008 to 2012. Details of labour characteristics and outcomes were examined; these were compared according to parity. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 46  128 deliveries at the hospital and 182 @entity1 with a birthweight >5000  g, giving an incidence of 0.4%. The majority of @entity1 (133/182) were multiparous. Among nulliparas, 47% (23/49) had a vaginal delivery, while 53% (26/49) had a caesarean delivery. 86% (97/113) of multiparas had a vaginal delivery, and 14% (16/113) had a caesarean delivery. 43% (69/162) required induction of labour. This was more common in nulliparous compared with multiparous @entity1 (58% [29/49] vs 30% [40/133], P  =  0.005, OR  =  3.4, 95% CI  =  1.7-6.6). A total of 30% (49/162) of @entity1 had their labour accelerated with @entity398 . There were higher rates of @entity398 use in nulliparas than in multiparas (55% [27/49] vs 16.5% [22/133], P  <  0.0001, OR  =  6.2, 95% CI  =  3-12.8). Seventeen of the 120 @entity1 delivered vaginally had a shoulder @entity1266 (14.2%), with three suffering an @entity5300 , all of which had resolved before 6  months of age. One baby had a @entity174 . CONCLUSION: Extreme @entity8455 affects 0.4% of pregnancies in contemporary practice. Multiparas have a low rate of caesarean section. @entity1 delivered vaginally are at increased risk of shoulder @entity1266 and associated complications.

title: Extreme XXXX - Obstetric outcomes and complications in birthweights >5000  g.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular fracture']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['Erbs palsy']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity8455 :: (MESH:D005320,Disease) :: ['macrosomia']


abstract: An inexpensive, rapid, and simple colorimetric test for detection of @entity793 is described. This test does not require bacterial growth and has the marked advantage of being able to quantify bacteria, even when the organisms are present in the urine of bacteriuric @entity1 who are being treated with antibiotics. The test is carried out with 1 ml of urine, which is processed through a 10-mm-diameter filter than entraps the bacteria on its surface. @entity18998 dye is passed through the filter to stain the bacteria and the filter fibers. A decolorizer, which removes the dye from the filter fibers but not from the bacteria, is then passed through the filter. If there are greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units of bacteria per ml in the sample, the 10-mm filter disk manifests a pink to red color. If there are less than 10(5)colony-forming units of bacteria per ml, the filter disk remains white or becomes slightly yellow. The entire procedure has been adapted to a semiautomated instrument and the time required per test is less than 1 min. The results obtained on the test card are a permanent record to be filled with the @entity1 's chart. The bacteria can be quickly classified as gram positive or gram negative by selective staining of a second milliliter of urine on the filter. Of 441 urine specimens tested, 430 (98%) were correctly classified as containing more or less than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml. A total of 62 urine specimens were positive by bacterial plating (greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml), and 59 were positive by the colorimetric test. Eight false-positives (colorimetric test positive, plate counts less than 10(5)) were encountered in @entity1 (bacteriuric) being prescribed antibiotics. Removal of the antibiotics from these urine specimens, with subsequent replating of the samples, indicated the presence of greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units of bacteria per ml in three representative cases tested, indicating that the results of the colorimetric tests were not false-positives but that the plate counts were low because of the inhibition of bacterial growth by the residual antibiotics present in the urine.

title: Colorimetric method for rapid determination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity18998 :: ('MESH:C009195', 'Chemical') :: ['Safranine']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['bacteriuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II clinical trial was conducted to assess the anti- @entity5 efficacy and safety of replication-deficient adenovirus mutant @entity1014 kinase (ADV-TK) in combination with @entity4540 administration in @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity11 (HGG). @entity1 AND METHODS: 53 @entity1 with recurrent HGG were randomly allocated to receive intra-arterial cerebral infusion of ADV-TK or conventional treatments. The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), safety, and clinical benefit. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00870181. RESULTS: In ADV-TK group, PFS-6 was 54.5%, the median PFS was 29.6 weeks, the median @entity1349 was 45.4 weeks, and better survivals were achieved when compared with control group. The one-year PFS and @entity1349 were 22.7% and 44.6% in ADV-TK group respectively, and clinical benefit was 68.2%. There are 2 @entity1 alive for more than 4 years without progression in ADV-TK group. In the subgroup of @entity463 received ADV-TK, PFS-6 was 71.4%, median PFS was 34.9 weeks, median @entity1349 was 45.7 weeks respectively, much better than those in control group. The one-year PFS and @entity1349 were 35.7% and 50.0% in ADV-TK group respectively. ADV-TK/ @entity4540 gene therapy was well tolerated, and no treatment-related severe adverse events were noted. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a notable improvement of PFS-6, PFS and @entity1349 in ADV-TK treated group, and the efficacy and safety appear to be comparable to other reported treatments used for recurrent HGG. ADV-TK gene therapy is therefore a valuable therapeutic option for recurrent HGG.

title: Adenovirus-mediated delivery of herpes simplex virus XXXX kinase administration improves outcome of recurrent high-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase II clinical trial was conducted to assess the anti- @entity5 efficacy and safety of replication-deficient adenovirus mutant @entity1014 kinase (ADV-TK) in combination with @entity4540 administration in @entity1 with recurrent high-grade @entity11 (HGG). @entity1 AND METHODS: 53 @entity1 with recurrent HGG were randomly allocated to receive intra-arterial cerebral infusion of ADV-TK or conventional treatments. The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), safety, and clinical benefit. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00870181. RESULTS: In ADV-TK group, PFS-6 was 54.5%, the median PFS was 29.6 weeks, the median @entity1349 was 45.4 weeks, and better survivals were achieved when compared with control group. The one-year PFS and @entity1349 were 22.7% and 44.6% in ADV-TK group respectively, and clinical benefit was 68.2%. There are 2 @entity1 alive for more than 4 years without progression in ADV-TK group. In the subgroup of @entity463 received ADV-TK, PFS-6 was 71.4%, median PFS was 34.9 weeks, median @entity1349 was 45.7 weeks respectively, much better than those in control group. The one-year PFS and @entity1349 were 35.7% and 50.0% in ADV-TK group respectively. ADV-TK/ @entity4540 gene therapy was well tolerated, and no treatment-related severe adverse events were noted. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a notable improvement of PFS-6, PFS and @entity1349 in ADV-TK treated group, and the efficacy and safety appear to be comparable to other reported treatments used for recurrent HGG. ADV-TK gene therapy is therefore a valuable therapeutic option for recurrent HGG.

title: Adenovirus-mediated delivery of herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase administration improves outcome of recurrent high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disruption of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common ligamentous injury of the knee. The choice of graft for (ACL) reconstruction remains controversial. This prospective, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare clinical results of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) grafts and four-strand semitendinosus-gracilis (ST) grafts for ACL reconstruction over a 3-year follow-up interval. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with an average age of 29   4.5yearswere treated for torn ACL between 2008 and 2009. Forty-sixpatients underwent reconstruction with @entity79 autograft, and 41 were treated with ST autograft. At the time of final follow-up, 37 @entity1 in @entity12352 group and 34 @entity1 in hamstring group were evaluated in terms of return to pre-injury activity level, @entity158 , knee stability, range of motion, IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) score and complications. RESULTS: At 36thmonth of follow-up, 34 (92%) and 28 (82%) @entity1 in @entity79 and ST group, respectively had good-to-excellent IKDC score (p > 0.05). The activity levels were higher in @entity79 group (p> 0.05). At 3rd yearof follow up, the Lachman test was graded normal, for 23 (62%) and 11 (32%) @entity1 in @entity79 and ST group, respectively (p=0.019). Regarding the pivot-shift test, 29 (79%) and 15 (44%) @entity1 in @entity12352 and hamstring group, respectively had normal test at the latest follow-up (p=0.021).There were no significant differences in terms of thigh circumference difference, effusion, knee range of motion, @entity158 and complications. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a trend toward increased graft laxity and pivot-shift grades in @entity1 undergoing reconstruction with hamstring autograft compared with @entity12352 tendon. However, the two groups had comparable results in terms of activity level and knee function.

title: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: a comparison between XXXX grafts and fourstrand hamstring grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-patellar tendon-bone', 'BPTB']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone-patellar tendon-bone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 are common among @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and it can have a significant effect on @entity1 ' daily activities as well as their health. The purpose of this study was to assess @entity25 and its predictors in Iranian @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 200 @entity1 with @entity712 in two hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from June to November 2009. These @entity1 completed a demographic questionnaire, and their @entity25 was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and Linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 (n = 158) reported poor @entity25 (PSQI > 5). The range of global PSQI scores was 3-20. Also, a significant relationship was found between PSQI scores and @entity1 ' age (p<0.004), gender (p< 0.042), educational level (p< 0.001), occupational status (p< 0.038), number of hospitalizations (p< 0.005), type of referral (p< 0.001), @entity299 (p< 0.001), diuretic use (p< 0.021) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p< 0.015). Three predictors were identified using regression analyses with stepwise methods, and included age, type of referral and educational level. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of poor @entity25 highlighted the importance of @entity25 in @entity712 @entity1 . There are many factors associated with @entity25 and @entity25 that health providers should recognize for improved and effective management.

title: Sleep quality and associated factors among @entity1 with XXXX in Iran.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders', 'sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 are common among @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and it can have a significant effect on @entity1 ' daily activities as well as their health. The purpose of this study was to assess @entity25 and its predictors in Iranian @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 200 @entity1 with @entity712 in two hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from June to November 2009. These @entity1 completed a demographic questionnaire, and their @entity25 was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and Linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 (n = 158) reported poor @entity25 (PSQI > 5). The range of global PSQI scores was 3-20. Also, a significant relationship was found between PSQI scores and @entity1 ' age (p<0.004), gender (p< 0.042), educational level (p< 0.001), occupational status (p< 0.038), number of hospitalizations (p< 0.005), type of referral (p< 0.001), @entity299 (p< 0.001), diuretic use (p< 0.021) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p< 0.015). Three predictors were identified using regression analyses with stepwise methods, and included age, type of referral and educational level. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of poor @entity25 highlighted the importance of @entity25 in @entity712 @entity1 . There are many factors associated with @entity25 and @entity25 that health providers should recognize for improved and effective management.

title: Sleep quality and associated factors among XXXX with @entity712 in Iran.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemicals are among risk factors that can affect @entity1 's reproductive system. This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with @entity132 and hormonal changes among female workers. METHODS: Female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, lowexposed and highly-exposed to a mixture of organic solvents ( @entity406 , @entity3971 , @entity1045 , and @entity3636 ) based on workplace measurements. @entity1866 (in terms of short cycles, long cycles, irregular cycles, and @entity548 or spotting between periods) and mean of hormone levels (including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, @entity172 and @entity1420 levels) were compared between these three groups. For investigating associations, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Our study showed that mean length of cycles, duration of @entity548 , and amount of flow and also prevalence of long cycles, irregular cycles, and @entity548 or spotting between periods were higher in exposed groups (p <=0.05). Odds ratio for prevalence of @entity1866 in the low exposure group and high exposure group were 9.69 (p=0.001) and 3.40 (p=0.002) respectively compared to the reference group. @entity172 and @entity1420 levels were not affected (p> 0.05), but other hormones levels were significantly disturbed in the exposed groups compared with the non-exposed group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to the mixture of organic solvents may be associated with the increase of @entity1866 and hormonal changes in female workers. Based on our findings, periodic evaluation of reproductive system of female workers in pharmaceutical companies is recommended.

title: XXXX and hormonal changes in @entity1 workers exposed to a mixture of organic solvents in a pharmaceutical company.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['menstruation disturbances']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual disturbances', 'menstrual disorders', 'menstrual disturbances']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['Menstrual disturbances']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemicals are among risk factors that can affect @entity1 's reproductive system. This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with @entity132 and hormonal changes among female workers. METHODS: Female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, lowexposed and highly-exposed to a mixture of organic solvents ( @entity406 , @entity3971 , @entity1045 , and @entity3636 ) based on workplace measurements. @entity1866 (in terms of short cycles, long cycles, irregular cycles, and @entity548 or spotting between periods) and mean of hormone levels (including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, @entity172 and @entity1420 levels) were compared between these three groups. For investigating associations, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Our study showed that mean length of cycles, duration of @entity548 , and amount of flow and also prevalence of long cycles, irregular cycles, and @entity548 or spotting between periods were higher in exposed groups (p <=0.05). Odds ratio for prevalence of @entity1866 in the low exposure group and high exposure group were 9.69 (p=0.001) and 3.40 (p=0.002) respectively compared to the reference group. @entity172 and @entity1420 levels were not affected (p> 0.05), but other hormones levels were significantly disturbed in the exposed groups compared with the non-exposed group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to the mixture of organic solvents may be associated with the increase of @entity1866 and hormonal changes in female workers. Based on our findings, periodic evaluation of reproductive system of female workers in pharmaceutical companies is recommended.

title: @entity1866 and hormonal changes in XXXX workers exposed to a mixture of organic solvents in a pharmaceutical company.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard, safe, and efficient method for removing @entity1290 . Despite development of endourologic equipment, complications of the PCNL are still prevalent. Even though therapeutic modalities such as mini-micro PCNL have been developed in recent years, the complications are a serious concern yet. The most important complication is @entity548 . The @entity548 may be either arterial or venous. @entity548 is usually treated conservatively whereas the arterial one might require transarterial embolization (TAE). @entity548 may cause serious problems, especially in the @entity1 with @entity8 . CASE PRESENTATION: In the presented @entity1 , serious retroperitoneal @entity548 and @entity551 in the preoperative and postoperative periods resulted in @entity810 ( @entity810 ). CONCLUSIONS: It was first report of selective TAE in a @entity1 with @entity810 due to post-PCNL @entity2849 in @entity8 . Super-selective segmental embolization was performed successfully in this case and was shown to be a reliable and efficient procedure.

title: Intrarenal @entity2849 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy at XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['solitary kidney']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Venous hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'Arterial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['large renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['solitary kidney']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard, safe, and efficient method for removing @entity1290 . Despite development of endourologic equipment, complications of the PCNL are still prevalent. Even though therapeutic modalities such as mini-micro PCNL have been developed in recent years, the complications are a serious concern yet. The most important complication is @entity548 . The @entity548 may be either arterial or venous. @entity548 is usually treated conservatively whereas the arterial one might require transarterial embolization (TAE). @entity548 may cause serious problems, especially in the @entity1 with @entity8 . CASE PRESENTATION: In the presented @entity1 , serious retroperitoneal @entity548 and @entity551 in the preoperative and postoperative periods resulted in @entity810 ( @entity810 ). CONCLUSIONS: It was first report of selective TAE in a @entity1 with @entity810 due to post-PCNL @entity2849 in @entity8 . Super-selective segmental embolization was performed successfully in this case and was shown to be a reliable and efficient procedure.

title: Intrarenal XXXX after percutaneous nephrolithotomy at @entity8 .

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm']