abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 in the anterior skull base with frequent intracranial extension. Combined management between otolaryngologist and neurosurgeons are @entity5 resection and to minimize the complications of treatment Endoscopic resection of the nasal part of the @entity5 is not only for aesthetic consideration. The superior illumination and visualization offered by the endoscopy enables the surgeon to adequately resect the @entity5 especially in the posterior ethimoid and sphenoid sinuses. @entity75 allows the surgeon to better appreciate the intracranial extent of @entity5 and to ensure an adequate dura resection margin. In addition, a craniotomy approach allows a water-tight dura closure with stitches and reinforcement by a vascularized galeal-pericranial flap, minimizing post operative @entity5173 . In our case series of 14 @entity1 spanning 14 years, only one @entity1 died of disease. The ten-year overall survival is 93%. Seven @entity1 have local or regional recurrence; all except one was salvaged with additional surgery and/or radiotherapy. The survival results are comparable to open craniofacial resection. Our results showed that @entity1504 (Kadish stage C) increased the risk for disease recurrence. Loco-regional regional recurrence can be salvaged with addition surgery and/or radiotherapy and can achieve long-term survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Long-term results of endoscopic assisted cranionasal resection for XXXX - single centre experience of 14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['best to ensure complete tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['A frontal craniotomy approach']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial extension of disease']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['olfactory neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 in the anterior skull base with frequent intracranial extension. Combined management between otolaryngologist and neurosurgeons are @entity5 resection and to minimize the complications of treatment Endoscopic resection of the nasal part of the @entity5 is not only for aesthetic consideration. The superior illumination and visualization offered by the endoscopy enables the surgeon to adequately resect the @entity5 especially in the posterior ethimoid and sphenoid sinuses. @entity75 allows the surgeon to better appreciate the intracranial extent of @entity5 and to ensure an adequate dura resection margin. In addition, a craniotomy approach allows a water-tight dura closure with stitches and reinforcement by a vascularized galeal-pericranial flap, minimizing post operative @entity5173 . In our case series of 14 @entity1 spanning 14 years, only one @entity1 died of disease. The ten-year overall survival is 93%. Seven @entity1 have local or regional recurrence; all except one was salvaged with additional surgery and/or radiotherapy. The survival results are comparable to open craniofacial resection. Our results showed that @entity1504 (Kadish stage C) increased the risk for disease recurrence. Loco-regional regional recurrence can be salvaged with addition surgery and/or radiotherapy and can achieve long-term survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Long-term results of endoscopic assisted cranionasal resection for @entity4236 - single centre experience of 14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present study was performed on conscious, chronically instrumented @entity235 , which underwent selective blockade of sympathetic adrenergic and vagal outflows. Excitements were performed on these animals in normal states (N), after chronic treatment with @entity2997 , for sympathetic blockade (SB), after cold vagal blockade (VB), and after combined sympathetic and vagal blockade (SB + VB). Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were monitored in all the experiments, while a group of @entity235 was also tested with an electromagnetic flowmeter on the superior mesenteric artery. The role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic controls in the defence reaction was assumed from comparison of experiments performed in the presence or in the absence of each (or both) autonomic component(s). In the SB + VB condition, excitement was followed by @entity551 , without changes in heart rate. In VB experiments, a brief and transient @entity551 appeared, followed by gradually developed @entity101 , while heart rate progressively rose in about 5 s; there was no sudden increase in mesenteric vascular resistance, which contrasted with the very marked reaction in N experiments. Under vagal control alone (SB), the stimulus elicited prompt @entity591 and @entity101 , followed by a period of moderately reduced blood pressure. We conclude that, while the defence reaction leads to a @entity551 , in the absence of compensatory mechanisms, both branches of the autonomic nervous system play a protective role against @entity551 . In addition, the modulation of the vagal outflow, leading to sudden changes in the heart performance, seems to be responsible for the initiation of the overall haemodynamic adjustments following excitements. The possibility that withdrawal of the parasympathetic outflow to the heart may raise arterial blood pressure was verified in a special experiment in which artificial vagal stimulation in a conscious (vagal blocked) @entity235 , was turned off for brief periods, before and after @entity2997 . This led to changes in blood pressure and heart rate very similar to those seen at the onset of the defence reaction, both in N and SB conditions.

title: Role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of heart rate and blood pressure in the defence reaction in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['sudden fall of arterial blood pressure', 'sudden hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The case is described of a 14-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 6-week history of fatigue, severe @entity353 (15 kg) and @entity10200 . On admission he was in non-oliguric @entity177 (serum @entity1011 1360 mumol/l) with moderate @entity644 (1.3 g per 24 h), @entity10200 (9.5 g per 24 h) and generalized @entity9078 . Renal biopsy showed @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) with severe mononuclear cell infiltration. No etiology was found. The @entity1 required hemodialysis (5 times) and responded dramatically to therapy with @entity229 (initially 75 mg per day), which was discontinued after 2 months. He presented again 11 weeks after admission with @entity5502 of the right eye, and 2 months later with the same condition in the left eye. Response to local application of @entity230 was slow. The association of @entity1986 with @entity1596 has so far been reported in 12 other pediatric @entity1 aged 10 to 16 years, and in one adult @entity1 ; 64% were female. @entity1596 often recurred, in contrast to @entity1310 . The etiology of the syndrome is unknown, a transient defect in cell-mediated immunity being postulated.

title: [Acute @entity1986 and XXXX : a recently recognized syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity9078 :: ('MESH:D000608', 'Disease') :: ['aminoaciduria']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['acute interstitial nephritis', 'AIN']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: The case is described of a 14-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 6-week history of fatigue, severe @entity353 (15 kg) and @entity10200 . On admission he was in non-oliguric @entity177 (serum @entity1011 1360 mumol/l) with moderate @entity644 (1.3 g per 24 h), @entity10200 (9.5 g per 24 h) and generalized @entity9078 . Renal biopsy showed @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) with severe mononuclear cell infiltration. No etiology was found. The @entity1 required hemodialysis (5 times) and responded dramatically to therapy with @entity229 (initially 75 mg per day), which was discontinued after 2 months. He presented again 11 weeks after admission with @entity5502 of the right eye, and 2 months later with the same condition in the left eye. Response to local application of @entity230 was slow. The association of @entity1986 with @entity1596 has so far been reported in 12 other pediatric @entity1 aged 10 to 16 years, and in one adult @entity1 ; 64% were female. @entity1596 often recurred, in contrast to @entity1310 . The etiology of the syndrome is unknown, a transient defect in cell-mediated immunity being postulated.

title: [Acute XXXX and @entity1596 : a recently recognized syndrome].

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['interstitial nephritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-NGF antibody treatment in hip and @entity626 ( @entity571 ), a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken utilizing the criteria described by the Cochrane collaboration. Both published and unpublished trials were identified for tanezumab, fulranumab and fasinumab in hip and knee @entity571 ; sponsors were contacted to provide and confirm data. Study quality was assessed by Jadad criteria; efficacy and safety data were extracted independently by two individuals and meta-analyses were performed using Revman 5.2. 13 randomized, controlled trials were identified: 10 of tanezumab, two of fulranumab and one with fasinumab. All agents demonstrated superiority in efficacy compared to placebo. The highest doses in the phase II studies of tanezumab had a standardized effect size for @entity158 of 0.73 (CI, 0.51, 0.95). Subsequent phase III studies of tanezumab and phase II studies of fulranumab and fasinumab reported standardized effect sizes for WOMAC @entity158 .5, with no clear distinction among dose levels. Tanezumab compared to NSAIDs and opioids showed greater efficacy with a standardized effect size for @entity158 of 0.23 (CI 0.17-0.29). WOMAC function and PGA results were similar to @entity158 . Safety, determined by odds ratios of withdrawals from studies due to adverse events (AEs), was better at the lower doses than higher doses and similar among all agents. These results demonstrate that antibodies to NGF provide efficacy in @entity571 and that general safety at the lower doses appears similar to placebo. Additional data on both efficacy and safety of these antibodies are needed to define the optimal dose to maximize benefit to risk.

title: A systematic review of the efficacy and general safety of antibodies to NGF in the treatment of XXXX of the hip or knee.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['OA']


abstract: This phase II clinical trial was conducted in a series of @entity1 with @entity0 , refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The therapeutic regimen consisted of a combination of @entity900 100 mg/m2, given as a 24-hr infusion on day 1 and @entity7324 (VDS) 2 mg/m2, i.v. bolus on days 1 and 8. VDS injection was omitted on day 8 in @entity1 with poor bone marrow reserves (prior extensive irradiation). Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals until documented disease progression. Among 46 evaluable @entity1 , there were two complete and seven partial remissions for an overall response rate of 20%. These responses lasted for a median of 21 weeks (range 8-89 weeks). Remission rates according to the predominant metastatic site were as follows: soft tissue, 3/8 (38%); bone, 0/6 (0%); viscera, 6/32 (19%). Transient myelosuppression and gastrointestinal intolerance were almost universal. @entity8 and neurologic manifestations were frequently encountered but these adverse reactions were generally mild. Significant antineoplastic activity in far-advanced and heavily pretreated @entity1 warrants further evaluation of this regimen at an earlier stage of the disease.

title: XXXX plus @entity7324 in @entity0 : a phase II trial of the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal function impairment']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: This phase II clinical trial was conducted in a series of @entity1 with @entity0 , refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The therapeutic regimen consisted of a combination of @entity900 100 mg/m2, given as a 24-hr infusion on day 1 and @entity7324 (VDS) 2 mg/m2, i.v. bolus on days 1 and 8. VDS injection was omitted on day 8 in @entity1 with poor bone marrow reserves (prior extensive irradiation). Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals until documented disease progression. Among 46 evaluable @entity1 , there were two complete and seven partial remissions for an overall response rate of 20%. These responses lasted for a median of 21 weeks (range 8-89 weeks). Remission rates according to the predominant metastatic site were as follows: soft tissue, 3/8 (38%); bone, 0/6 (0%); viscera, 6/32 (19%). Transient myelosuppression and gastrointestinal intolerance were almost universal. @entity8 and neurologic manifestations were frequently encountered but these adverse reactions were generally mild. Significant antineoplastic activity in far-advanced and heavily pretreated @entity1 warrants further evaluation of this regimen at an earlier stage of the disease.

title: @entity900 plus @entity7324 in XXXX : a phase II trial of the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: This phase II clinical trial was conducted in a series of @entity1 with @entity0 , refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The therapeutic regimen consisted of a combination of @entity900 100 mg/m2, given as a 24-hr infusion on day 1 and @entity7324 (VDS) 2 mg/m2, i.v. bolus on days 1 and 8. VDS injection was omitted on day 8 in @entity1 with poor bone marrow reserves (prior extensive irradiation). Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals until documented disease progression. Among 46 evaluable @entity1 , there were two complete and seven partial remissions for an overall response rate of 20%. These responses lasted for a median of 21 weeks (range 8-89 weeks). Remission rates according to the predominant metastatic site were as follows: soft tissue, 3/8 (38%); bone, 0/6 (0%); viscera, 6/32 (19%). Transient myelosuppression and gastrointestinal intolerance were almost universal. @entity8 and neurologic manifestations were frequently encountered but these adverse reactions were generally mild. Significant antineoplastic activity in far-advanced and heavily pretreated @entity1 warrants further evaluation of this regimen at an earlier stage of the disease.

title: @entity900 plus XXXX in @entity0 : a phase II trial of the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of fertility preservation in adolescent males with @entity5 . DESIGN: Large multicenter retrospective study of male @entity1  <=20  years from 23 centers of a national network of sperm banks over a 34-year period. SETTING: Sperm banks. @entity1 (S): A total of 4,345 @entity1 and young @entity1 aged 11 to 20 years. INTERVENTION(S): Age, @entity5 diagnosis, feasibility of sperm banking, and sperm parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Description of @entity1 , and success of their fertility preservation. RESULT(S): We observed a mean yearly increase in referred @entity1 of 9.5% (95% confidence interval, 9.1%-9.8%) between 1973 and 2007. Over the study period, the percentage of younger @entity5 @entity1 who banked their sperm increased, especially in the 11-14  year age group, rising from 1% in 1986 to 9% in 2006. We found that 4,314 @entity1 attempted to produce a semen sample, 4,004 succeeded, and sperm was banked for 3,616. The mean total sperm count was 61.75 * 10(6) for the 11-14  year age group, and 138.81 * 10(6) for the 18-20  year age group. It was noteworthy that intercenter variations in practices involving young @entity1 seeking to preserve their fertility before @entity5 therapy were observed within this national network. CONCLUSION(S): Our results emphasize the need for decisive changes in public health policy to facilitate the access to reproductive health-care for young @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Sperm cryopreservation in adolescents and young adults with XXXX : results of the French national sperm banking network (CECOS).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'PATIENT', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The natural progression of @entity2521 in the Chinese population is not well researched. We investigated the progression of @entity2520 over 4 years in 15-44-year-old Chinese villagers with no access to regular dental care. METHODS: In 1992, 486 villagers were enrolled, and in 1996, 413 villagers were re-examined. @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were examined at six sites per tooth. Sites with   CAL >= 3mm were defined as active sites. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using means and percentile plots. RESULTS: The mean CAL increased by 0.26mm over 4 years. The incidence of @entity2521 (at least one site with CAL >= 3mm) was 8%. The incidence of @entity2521 among those with no @entity2520 at baseline was 44.9%. Seventy-eight percent of the subjects had at least one active site. In the 15-24-year group, 244 of 401 active sites had @entity1464 , while only 51 active sites had both @entity1464 and deeper pockets. In the 25-34-year and 35-44-year groups, almost one-third of the active sites (329/1087) and more than one-third of the active sites (580/1312) respectively had a combination of @entity1464 and deeper pockets. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that in Chinese population without regular dental care, both the  initiation of @entity2521 and progression of previously existed @entity2521 contributed to  the natural progression of @entity2521 and periodontal pocketing played a greater role with age increasing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This rare study reports the natural progression of @entity2520 in a group of Chinese villagers (15-44 years) with virtually no access to regular dental care.

title: A 4-year prospective study of the progression of XXXX in a rural Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BMPs expressed in the ovary differentially regulate steroidogenesis by granulosa cells. BMP-9, a circulating BMP, is associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in various tissues. However, the effects of BMP-9 on ovarian function have yet to be elucidated. Here we investigated BMP-9 actions on steroidogenesis using @entity35 primary granulosa cells. BMP-9 potently suppressed FSH-induced @entity1420 production, whereas it did not affect FSH-induced @entity53 production by granulosa cells. The effects of BMP-9 on FSH-induced steroidogenesis were not influenced by the presence of oocytes. FSH-induced @entity268 synthesis and FSH-induced mRNA expression of steroidogenic factors, including StAR, P450scc, 3bHSD2 and @entity52801 , were suppressed by treatment with BMP-9. BMP-9 mRNA expression was detected in granulosa cells but not in oocytes. BMP-9 readily activated @entity22344 /8 phosphorylation and Id-1 transcription in granulosa cells. Analysis using ALK inhibitors indicated that BMP-9 actions were mediated via type-I receptors other than ALK-2, -3 and -6. Furthermore, experiments using extracellular domains (ECDs) for BMP type-I and -II receptor constructs revealed that the effects of BMP-9 were reversed by ECDs for ALK-1 and @entity24535 . Thus, the functional receptors for BMP-9 in granulosa cells were most likely to be the complex of ALK-1 and @entity24535 . Collectively, the results of the present study showed that BMP-9 can affect luteinization and that there are two possible sources of BMP-9, serum and granulosa cells in the ovary.

title: Regulatory role of BMP-9 in steroidogenesis by XXXX ovarian granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutational status of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 genes in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 and the clinical features of @entity5 @entity1 with these mutations. METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1861 negative @entity5 were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014 into this study. Among them, there were 48 cases of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) @entity1 , 171 cases of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) @entity1 and 27 cases of @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) @entity1 . And @entity4015 , @entity4016 @entity4017 , 12 exons of @entity4016 and @entity20096 @entity32197 /K genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. Clinical features were also analyzed in @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 246 cases of @entity1861 -negative @entity5 @entity1 , 52 cases (21.1%) had @entity4015 mutation, 121 cases (49.2%) @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, 0 case (0) 12 exons of @entity4016 mutation, and 2 cases (0.8%) @entity20096 @entity32197 /K mutation, respectively. These mutations were found existing exclusively. In @entity4406 @entity1 , the white blood cell and platelet counts in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group, while the level of hemoglobin was higher in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4407 @entity1 , the white blood cell count, the level of hemoglobin, the frequency of @entity1031 events and risk stratification in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4018 @entity1 , the level of hemoglobin in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were significantly higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative level of bone marrow, risk of @entity1031 events and stratification are lower in @entity4015 mutated @entity1 than those in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanism of mutated gene should be further investigated in future.

title: [Analysis of @entity4015 , XXXX and @entity20096 gene mutations in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MPN', 'myeloproliferative neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['primary myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'polycythemia vera']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['ET', 'essential thrombocythemia']

answer: @entity4016 :: (3717,Gene) :: ['JAK2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutational status of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 genes in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 and the clinical features of @entity5 @entity1 with these mutations. METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1861 negative @entity5 were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014 into this study. Among them, there were 48 cases of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) @entity1 , 171 cases of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) @entity1 and 27 cases of @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) @entity1 . And @entity4015 , @entity4016 @entity4017 , 12 exons of @entity4016 and @entity20096 @entity32197 /K genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. Clinical features were also analyzed in @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 246 cases of @entity1861 -negative @entity5 @entity1 , 52 cases (21.1%) had @entity4015 mutation, 121 cases (49.2%) @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, 0 case (0) 12 exons of @entity4016 mutation, and 2 cases (0.8%) @entity20096 @entity32197 /K mutation, respectively. These mutations were found existing exclusively. In @entity4406 @entity1 , the white blood cell and platelet counts in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group, while the level of hemoglobin was higher in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4407 @entity1 , the white blood cell count, the level of hemoglobin, the frequency of @entity1031 events and risk stratification in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4018 @entity1 , the level of hemoglobin in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were significantly higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative level of bone marrow, risk of @entity1031 events and stratification are lower in @entity4015 mutated @entity1 than those in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanism of mutated gene should be further investigated in future.

title: [Analysis of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 gene mutations in XXXX negative @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1861 :: (25,Gene) :: ['BCR-ABL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutational status of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 genes in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 and the clinical features of @entity5 @entity1 with these mutations. METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1861 negative @entity5 were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014 into this study. Among them, there were 48 cases of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) @entity1 , 171 cases of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) @entity1 and 27 cases of @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) @entity1 . And @entity4015 , @entity4016 @entity4017 , 12 exons of @entity4016 and @entity20096 @entity32197 /K genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. Clinical features were also analyzed in @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 246 cases of @entity1861 -negative @entity5 @entity1 , 52 cases (21.1%) had @entity4015 mutation, 121 cases (49.2%) @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, 0 case (0) 12 exons of @entity4016 mutation, and 2 cases (0.8%) @entity20096 @entity32197 /K mutation, respectively. These mutations were found existing exclusively. In @entity4406 @entity1 , the white blood cell and platelet counts in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group, while the level of hemoglobin was higher in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4407 @entity1 , the white blood cell count, the level of hemoglobin, the frequency of @entity1031 events and risk stratification in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4018 @entity1 , the level of hemoglobin in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were significantly higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative level of bone marrow, risk of @entity1031 events and stratification are lower in @entity4015 mutated @entity1 than those in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanism of mutated gene should be further investigated in future.

title: [Analysis of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 gene mutations in @entity1861 negative XXXX ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutational status of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 genes in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 and the clinical features of @entity5 @entity1 with these mutations. METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1861 negative @entity5 were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014 into this study. Among them, there were 48 cases of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) @entity1 , 171 cases of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) @entity1 and 27 cases of @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) @entity1 . And @entity4015 , @entity4016 @entity4017 , 12 exons of @entity4016 and @entity20096 @entity32197 /K genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. Clinical features were also analyzed in @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 246 cases of @entity1861 -negative @entity5 @entity1 , 52 cases (21.1%) had @entity4015 mutation, 121 cases (49.2%) @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, 0 case (0) 12 exons of @entity4016 mutation, and 2 cases (0.8%) @entity20096 @entity32197 /K mutation, respectively. These mutations were found existing exclusively. In @entity4406 @entity1 , the white blood cell and platelet counts in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group, while the level of hemoglobin was higher in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4407 @entity1 , the white blood cell count, the level of hemoglobin, the frequency of @entity1031 events and risk stratification in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4018 @entity1 , the level of hemoglobin in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were significantly higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative level of bone marrow, risk of @entity1031 events and stratification are lower in @entity4015 mutated @entity1 than those in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanism of mutated gene should be further investigated in future.

title: [Analysis of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and XXXX gene mutations in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ].

answer: @entity20096 :: (4352,Gene) :: ['MPL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mutational status of @entity4015 , @entity4016 and @entity20096 genes in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 and the clinical features of @entity5 @entity1 with these mutations. METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with a definite diagnosis of @entity1861 negative @entity5 were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014 into this study. Among them, there were 48 cases of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) @entity1 , 171 cases of @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) @entity1 and 27 cases of @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) @entity1 . And @entity4015 , @entity4016 @entity4017 , 12 exons of @entity4016 and @entity20096 @entity32197 /K genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. Clinical features were also analyzed in @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 246 cases of @entity1861 -negative @entity5 @entity1 , 52 cases (21.1%) had @entity4015 mutation, 121 cases (49.2%) @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, 0 case (0) 12 exons of @entity4016 mutation, and 2 cases (0.8%) @entity20096 @entity32197 /K mutation, respectively. These mutations were found existing exclusively. In @entity4406 @entity1 , the white blood cell and platelet counts in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group, while the level of hemoglobin was higher in wild-type @entity4016 @entity4017 group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4407 @entity1 , the white blood cell count, the level of hemoglobin, the frequency of @entity1031 events and risk stratification in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (all P < 0.05). In @entity4018 @entity1 , the level of hemoglobin in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated group were significantly higher than those in @entity4015 mutated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The proliferative level of bone marrow, risk of @entity1031 events and stratification are lower in @entity4015 mutated @entity1 than those in @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 . The pathogenic mechanism of mutated gene should be further investigated in future.

title: [Analysis of XXXX , @entity4016 and @entity20096 gene mutations in @entity1861 negative @entity5 ].

answer: @entity4015 :: (811,Gene) :: ['CALR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Significant changes of @entity161 @entity1 during inpatient treatment were evalutaed and compared to established outcome criteria. The concept of reliable and clinically significant change methods was applied to three hundred and ninety-six @entity1 suffering from a @entity161 spectrum disorder. First, information on whether or not the change of the @entity1 's condition is sufficient in order to declare that it is beyond a measurement error or random effect (= reliable change) was evaluated and in a second step it was observed if the reliable change was clinically meaningful (= clinically significant change). Different Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for @entity161 (PANSS) thresholds were applied to define the clinically significant change (40, 45 and 50 points). These changes were then compared to established outcome criteria such as response and remission. Seventy-nine of the 396 @entity1 (20%) showed a reliable improvement of symptoms, whereas 70% improved without achieving a reliable change of their condition. Of the 79 @entity1 achieving a reliable change during treatment 8-15% concurrently showed a clinically significant change depending on the respective PANSS threshold. In contrast, 56% of the @entity1 achieved response and 60% were in remission at discharge when applying established outcome criteria. Our results showed that a rather small number of @entity161 @entity1 were found to reliably change during inpatient treatment, with even less @entity1 achieving a clinically significant change. The concept of reliable and clinically significant changes revealed to be a lot more stringent than today's established outcome criteria and should be critically evaluated regarding its use in @entity161 @entity1 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Challenging the understanding of significant improvement and outcome in XXXX - the concept of reliable and clinically significant change methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) is the most common cause of @entity454 in Nepal. The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical presentation and histological pattern of @entity631 with and without immunofluorescence (IF). It is a retrospective analysis of all @entity631 @entity1 with kidney biopsy at the Bir Hospital from January 2000 to April 2009. The clinical presentation, blood pressure, urine analysis, 24-h urinary protein, biochemistry, hemoglobin, antinuclear antibody, anti-ds DNA, light microscopy (LM) and IF findings of kidney biopsies were computed from hospital records. SPSS package was used for analysis. A total of 398 @entity1 [LM 204 (51%) and LM plus IF 194 (49%] were analyzed. The mean age of the study @entity1 was 28    13.6 years (range 7-74); males comprised 52.8% and females 47.2% of the @entity1 ; 51% were between 16 and 30 years of age. The common clinical presentations included @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ), seen in 69% of the @entity1 , followed by @entity697 , seen in 14.4% of the @entity1 . Kidney biopsy without IF showed mesangial proliferative @entity631 (MesPGN) in 21.1%, @entity631 ( @entity3630 ) in 18.6%, @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 14.2%, @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) in 12.3% and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) in 9.8% of the cases. With IF, @entity1987 was seen in 23.2%, @entity628 in 18%, @entity8 in 11.9%, @entity8 in 9.8%, MesPGN in 8.2%, @entity3630 in 4.1% and crescentic @entity631 in 3.1% of the cases. @entity1988 in the cases @entity631 was most common in young adults, with the majority presenting with @entity1985 . @entity1987 and @entity628 were the most common glomerular lesions; over-diagnosis of MesPGN and @entity3630 by LM could be due to exclusion of @entity8 .

title: Pattern of XXXX in Nepal: A single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'membranoproliferative GN']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2803 is the major nongenetic cause of @entity1274 at birth and beyond. Among other pathologies, there is a striking @entity1141 / @entity1373 of organ of Corti hair and supporting cells. METHODS: Using an in vitro embryonic @entity19 model of @entity2803 -induced cochlear teratogenesis that mimics the known @entity1 pathology, and functional signaling network modeling, we tested the hypothesis that @entity2803 disrupts the highly ordered organ of Corti hair and supporting cells pattern by dysregulating Notch and @entity2557 , their cognate ligands and downstream effectors. RESULTS: Several novel emergent properties of the critical lateral inhibition subnetwork became apparent. The subnetwork has classic small-world properties such as short paths between most gene pairs, few long-distance links, and considerable clustering. Concomitantly, the calculated probability that our specific gene expression dataset is from dysplastic organs of Corti is highly significant (p   <   1 * 10(-12) ). Furthermore, we determined that the subnetwork has a highly heterogeneous scale-free topology in which the highly linked genes (hubs), Notch and @entity2557 , play a central role in mediating interactions among the less linked genes. CONCLUSION: This phenomenon has important biologic and therapeutic implications. @entity600 Research (Part A) 103:573-582, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: CMV-induced embryonic @entity19 organ of corti XXXX : Network architecture of dysfunctional lateral inhibition.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital cytomegalovirus infection', 'cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2803 is the major nongenetic cause of @entity1274 at birth and beyond. Among other pathologies, there is a striking @entity1141 / @entity1373 of organ of Corti hair and supporting cells. METHODS: Using an in vitro embryonic @entity19 model of @entity2803 -induced cochlear teratogenesis that mimics the known @entity1 pathology, and functional signaling network modeling, we tested the hypothesis that @entity2803 disrupts the highly ordered organ of Corti hair and supporting cells pattern by dysregulating Notch and @entity2557 , their cognate ligands and downstream effectors. RESULTS: Several novel emergent properties of the critical lateral inhibition subnetwork became apparent. The subnetwork has classic small-world properties such as short paths between most gene pairs, few long-distance links, and considerable clustering. Concomitantly, the calculated probability that our specific gene expression dataset is from dysplastic organs of Corti is highly significant (p   <   1 * 10(-12) ). Furthermore, we determined that the subnetwork has a highly heterogeneous scale-free topology in which the highly linked genes (hubs), Notch and @entity2557 , play a central role in mediating interactions among the less linked genes. CONCLUSION: This phenomenon has important biologic and therapeutic implications. @entity600 Research (Part A) 103:573-582, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: CMV-induced embryonic XXXX organ of corti @entity1141 : Network architecture of dysfunctional lateral inhibition.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secretoglobin ( @entity59897 , a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. While @entity59897 is known to have anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities, whether @entity59897 has any other roles, particularly in lung homeostasis and disease has not been demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to address these questions in @entity19 . METHODS: A transgenic @entity19 line that expresses @entity59897 in the lung using the @entity1 surfactant protein-C promoter was established. Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of the @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs were carried out. @entity59897 -transgenic and wild-type @entity19 were subjected to @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected at various time points during 9  weeks post- @entity1732 treatment for further analysis. RESULTS: Adult @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs expressed approximately five-fold higher levels of @entity59897 protein in comparison to wild-type @entity19 as determined by western blotting of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression was localized to alveolar type II cells in addition to airway epithelial cells, thus accurately reflecting the site of surfactant protein-C expression. @entity59897 - @entity19 showed normal lung development and histology, and no overt gross phenotypes. However, when subjected to a @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, they initially exhibited exacerbated @entity82 at 3  weeks post- @entity1732 administration that was more rapidly resolved by 6  weeks as compared with wild-type @entity19 , as determined by lung histology, Masson Trichrome staining and @entity720 content, inflammatory cell numbers, expression of collagen genes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The decrease of @entity82 coincided with the increased expression of @entity59897 in @entity59897 -transgenic lungs. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity59897 is an anti-fibrotic agent, and suggest a possible therapeutic use of recombinant @entity59897 in the treatment of @entity3794 .

title: Transgenically-expressed secretoglobin 3A2 accelerates resolution of @entity1732 -induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secretoglobin ( @entity59897 , a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. While @entity59897 is known to have anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities, whether @entity59897 has any other roles, particularly in lung homeostasis and disease has not been demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to address these questions in @entity19 . METHODS: A transgenic @entity19 line that expresses @entity59897 in the lung using the @entity1 surfactant protein-C promoter was established. Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of the @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs were carried out. @entity59897 -transgenic and wild-type @entity19 were subjected to @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected at various time points during 9  weeks post- @entity1732 treatment for further analysis. RESULTS: Adult @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs expressed approximately five-fold higher levels of @entity59897 protein in comparison to wild-type @entity19 as determined by western blotting of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression was localized to alveolar type II cells in addition to airway epithelial cells, thus accurately reflecting the site of surfactant protein-C expression. @entity59897 - @entity19 showed normal lung development and histology, and no overt gross phenotypes. However, when subjected to a @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, they initially exhibited exacerbated @entity82 at 3  weeks post- @entity1732 administration that was more rapidly resolved by 6  weeks as compared with wild-type @entity19 , as determined by lung histology, Masson Trichrome staining and @entity720 content, inflammatory cell numbers, expression of collagen genes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The decrease of @entity82 coincided with the increased expression of @entity59897 in @entity59897 -transgenic lungs. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity59897 is an anti-fibrotic agent, and suggest a possible therapeutic use of recombinant @entity59897 in the treatment of @entity3794 .

title: Transgenically-expressed secretoglobin 3A2 accelerates resolution of XXXX -induced @entity3794 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secretoglobin ( @entity59897 , a cytokine-like secretory protein of small molecular weight, is predominantly expressed in airway epithelial cells. While @entity59897 is known to have anti-inflammatory, growth factor, and anti-fibrotic activities, whether @entity59897 has any other roles, particularly in lung homeostasis and disease has not been demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to address these questions in @entity19 . METHODS: A transgenic @entity19 line that expresses @entity59897 in the lung using the @entity1 surfactant protein-C promoter was established. Detailed histological, immunohistochemical, physiological, and molecular characterization of the @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs were carried out. @entity59897 -transgenic and wild-type @entity19 were subjected to @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, and their lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected at various time points during 9  weeks post- @entity1732 treatment for further analysis. RESULTS: Adult @entity59897 -transgenic @entity19 lungs expressed approximately five-fold higher levels of @entity59897 protein in comparison to wild-type @entity19 as determined by western blotting of lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression was localized to alveolar type II cells in addition to airway epithelial cells, thus accurately reflecting the site of surfactant protein-C expression. @entity59897 - @entity19 showed normal lung development and histology, and no overt gross phenotypes. However, when subjected to a @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 model, they initially exhibited exacerbated @entity82 at 3  weeks post- @entity1732 administration that was more rapidly resolved by 6  weeks as compared with wild-type @entity19 , as determined by lung histology, Masson Trichrome staining and @entity720 content, inflammatory cell numbers, expression of collagen genes, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. The decrease of @entity82 coincided with the increased expression of @entity59897 in @entity59897 -transgenic lungs. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity59897 is an anti-fibrotic agent, and suggest a possible therapeutic use of recombinant @entity59897 in the treatment of @entity3794 .

title: Transgenically-expressed secretoglobin 3A2 accelerates resolution of @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To identify changes in @entity650 levels and its pathway (Jak/ @entity4104 ) in the @entity1 placenta during preterm and term labor, placental tissues were collected from primiparous @entity1 who underwent vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections in our hospital. The @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity3152 (n  =  15), term labor (n  =  15), and term not in labor (n  =  15). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity650 levels were detected by ELISA in placental supernatant, and p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 protein was detected by Western blot. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis in trophoblasts. HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured after stimulation with @entity650 , and we measured p- @entity4104 , @entity5740 , and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: Expression of p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 in the placenta and trophoblast cells showed that @entity650 levels were highest in the @entity3152 group and lowest in the term not in labor group. The highest expression of placental @entity5740 protein was observed in the @entity3152 group. More apoptotic cells were found in the @entity3152 group than in the other two groups by TUNEL. @entity5740 and p- @entity4104 expression was significantly upregulated after stimulation by @entity650 in trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, p- @entity4104 was significantly decreased after 50  ng/mL and 100  ng/mL @entity650 for 72  h. A significant increase of apoptosis was observed with treatment of 50  ng/mL @entity650 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the @entity5740 protein in the Jak/ @entity4104 pathway is to mediate different mechanisms for preterm and term labor processes in the placenta.

title: Role of XXXX in the Jak/ @entity4104 pathway in the @entity1 placenta: different mechanisms for preterm and term labor.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

answer: @entity5740 :: (9021,Gene) :: ['SOCS3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To identify changes in @entity650 levels and its pathway (Jak/ @entity4104 ) in the @entity1 placenta during preterm and term labor, placental tissues were collected from primiparous @entity1 who underwent vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections in our hospital. The @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity3152 (n  =  15), term labor (n  =  15), and term not in labor (n  =  15). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity650 levels were detected by ELISA in placental supernatant, and p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 protein was detected by Western blot. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis in trophoblasts. HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured after stimulation with @entity650 , and we measured p- @entity4104 , @entity5740 , and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: Expression of p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 in the placenta and trophoblast cells showed that @entity650 levels were highest in the @entity3152 group and lowest in the term not in labor group. The highest expression of placental @entity5740 protein was observed in the @entity3152 group. More apoptotic cells were found in the @entity3152 group than in the other two groups by TUNEL. @entity5740 and p- @entity4104 expression was significantly upregulated after stimulation by @entity650 in trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, p- @entity4104 was significantly decreased after 50  ng/mL and 100  ng/mL @entity650 for 72  h. A significant increase of apoptosis was observed with treatment of 50  ng/mL @entity650 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the @entity5740 protein in the Jak/ @entity4104 pathway is to mediate different mechanisms for preterm and term labor processes in the placenta.

title: Role of @entity5740 in the Jak/ XXXX pathway in the @entity1 placenta: different mechanisms for preterm and term labor.

answer: @entity4104 :: (6774,Gene) :: ['stat3']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To identify changes in @entity650 levels and its pathway (Jak/ @entity4104 ) in the @entity1 placenta during preterm and term labor, placental tissues were collected from primiparous @entity1 who underwent vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections in our hospital. The @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity3152 (n  =  15), term labor (n  =  15), and term not in labor (n  =  15). MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity650 levels were detected by ELISA in placental supernatant, and p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 protein was detected by Western blot. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis in trophoblasts. HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured after stimulation with @entity650 , and we measured p- @entity4104 , @entity5740 , and the rate of apoptosis. RESULTS: Expression of p- @entity4104 and @entity5740 in the placenta and trophoblast cells showed that @entity650 levels were highest in the @entity3152 group and lowest in the term not in labor group. The highest expression of placental @entity5740 protein was observed in the @entity3152 group. More apoptotic cells were found in the @entity3152 group than in the other two groups by TUNEL. @entity5740 and p- @entity4104 expression was significantly upregulated after stimulation by @entity650 in trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, p- @entity4104 was significantly decreased after 50  ng/mL and 100  ng/mL @entity650 for 72  h. A significant increase of apoptosis was observed with treatment of 50  ng/mL @entity650 in HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS: The role of the @entity5740 protein in the Jak/ @entity4104 pathway is to mediate different mechanisms for preterm and term labor processes in the placenta.

title: Role of @entity5740 in the Jak/ @entity4104 pathway in the XXXX placenta: different mechanisms for preterm and term labor.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The interaction between barrier-to-autointegration factor dimer ( @entity71731 ) and LEM domain of @entity28464 (Em(LEM)) was studied by molecular simulation methods. Nonspecific fragment of double-strand DNA molecule was docked with each chain of @entity71731 by ZDOCK program. The model of @entity36942 : @entity71731 :Em(LEM) was thus constructed. The mutant @entity71732 of @entity71731 was manually constructed to explore the detailed effect of the mutation on the binding of @entity71731 and Em(LEM). It has been experimentally suggested that point mutation @entity71732 can disturb the binding between @entity71731 and Em(LEM). Then, @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations were performed on @entity36942 : @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ):Em(LEM) and @entity36942 : @entity71731 (MT):Em(LEM) complexes. 30ns trajectories revealed that the trajectory fluctuations of MT complex are more violent than that of the @entity7097 complex. Further, the binding free energy analysis showed that the electronegative residues @entity2574 57, @entity367 61 and @entity2574 65 from chain A, glu36 from chain B of @entity71731 mainly contribute to interact with Em(LEM). Besides, a stable   -   stack between trp62 and phe39 from @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ) chain B is destroyed by @entity367 25 in @entity71731 (MT). As a result, trp62 forms an interaction with glu25, and phe39 converts to strengthen affinity to Em(LEM). On the other hand, Trp62 from chain A also forms a strong interaction with MT @entity367 25. Thus, with the docking of DNA, @entity71731 (MT) has higher affinity with Em(LEM) than @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ).

title: Molecular simulation investigation on the interaction between barrier-to-autointegration factor dimer or its XXXX mutant and LEM domain of @entity28464 .

entities_list: @entity71732 :: ('p|SUB|G|25|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly25Glu']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity71732 :: (p|SUB|G|25|E,ProteinMutation) :: ['Gly25Glu']


abstract: The interaction between barrier-to-autointegration factor dimer ( @entity71731 ) and LEM domain of @entity28464 (Em(LEM)) was studied by molecular simulation methods. Nonspecific fragment of double-strand DNA molecule was docked with each chain of @entity71731 by ZDOCK program. The model of @entity36942 : @entity71731 :Em(LEM) was thus constructed. The mutant @entity71732 of @entity71731 was manually constructed to explore the detailed effect of the mutation on the binding of @entity71731 and Em(LEM). It has been experimentally suggested that point mutation @entity71732 can disturb the binding between @entity71731 and Em(LEM). Then, @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations were performed on @entity36942 : @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ):Em(LEM) and @entity36942 : @entity71731 (MT):Em(LEM) complexes. 30ns trajectories revealed that the trajectory fluctuations of MT complex are more violent than that of the @entity7097 complex. Further, the binding free energy analysis showed that the electronegative residues @entity2574 57, @entity367 61 and @entity2574 65 from chain A, glu36 from chain B of @entity71731 mainly contribute to interact with Em(LEM). Besides, a stable   -   stack between trp62 and phe39 from @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ) chain B is destroyed by @entity367 25 in @entity71731 (MT). As a result, trp62 forms an interaction with glu25, and phe39 converts to strengthen affinity to Em(LEM). On the other hand, Trp62 from chain A also forms a strong interaction with MT @entity367 25. Thus, with the docking of DNA, @entity71731 (MT) has higher affinity with Em(LEM) than @entity71731 ( @entity7097 ).

title: Molecular simulation investigation on the interaction between barrier-to-autointegration factor dimer or its @entity71732 mutant and LEM domain of XXXX .

answer: @entity28464 :: (2010,Gene) :: ['emerin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We performed an association between high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and single or multiple vaccine-target as well as non-vaccine target @entity1082 ) types. Using bead-based HPV genotyping, 594 gynecological samples were genotyped. An association between squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and presence of @entity1799 , 18, 31, 58 and 56 types were calculated. The risk was estimated by using odds ratio (OR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). A total of 370 (62.3%) @entity1 were HPV positive. Among these, 157 (42.7%) presented a single HPV infection, and 212 (57.3%) were infected by more than one HPV type. HPV31 was the most prevalent genotype, regardless single and multiple HPV infections. Single infection with HPV31 was associated with LSIL (OR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.01 to 5.32; p=0.04); HPV31 was also associated with LSIL (OR=3.28; 95%CI: 1.74 to 6.19; p= 0.0002) and HSIL (OR=3.82; 95%CI: 2.10 to 6.97; p<0.001) in multiple HPV infections. Risk to harbor cervical lesions was observed in multiple HPV infections with regard to the HPV56 (OR=5.39; 95%CI: 2.44 to 11.90; p<0.001for LSIL; OR=5.37; 95%CI: 2.71 to 10.69; p<0.001) and HPV58 (OR=3.29; 95%CI: 1.34 to 8.09; p=0.0091 for LSIL; OR=3.55; 95%CI: 1.56 to 8.11; p=0.0026) genotypes. In addition, @entity1 coinfected with @entity1799 /31/56 types had 6 and 5-fold increased risk of HSIL (OR=6.46; 95%CI: 1.89 to 22.09; p=0.002) and LSIL (OR=5.22; 95%CI: 1.10 to 24.70; p=0.03), respectively. Multiple HPV infections without @entity1799 /18 has 2-fold increased risk of HSIL (OR=2.57; 95%CI: 1.41 to 4.70; p=0.002) and LSIL OR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.79; p=0.02). The results of this study suggest that single and multiple vaccine target as well as non-vaccine target HPV types are associated with LSIL and HSIL. These finding should be taken into consideration in the design of HPV vaccination strategies.

title: Association Study between Cervical Lesions and Single or Multiple Vaccine-Target and Non-Vaccine Target XXXX ) Types in @entity1 from Northeastern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We performed an association between high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and single or multiple vaccine-target as well as non-vaccine target @entity1082 ) types. Using bead-based HPV genotyping, 594 gynecological samples were genotyped. An association between squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and presence of @entity1799 , 18, 31, 58 and 56 types were calculated. The risk was estimated by using odds ratio (OR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI). A total of 370 (62.3%) @entity1 were HPV positive. Among these, 157 (42.7%) presented a single HPV infection, and 212 (57.3%) were infected by more than one HPV type. HPV31 was the most prevalent genotype, regardless single and multiple HPV infections. Single infection with HPV31 was associated with LSIL (OR=2.32; 95%CI: 1.01 to 5.32; p=0.04); HPV31 was also associated with LSIL (OR=3.28; 95%CI: 1.74 to 6.19; p= 0.0002) and HSIL (OR=3.82; 95%CI: 2.10 to 6.97; p<0.001) in multiple HPV infections. Risk to harbor cervical lesions was observed in multiple HPV infections with regard to the HPV56 (OR=5.39; 95%CI: 2.44 to 11.90; p<0.001for LSIL; OR=5.37; 95%CI: 2.71 to 10.69; p<0.001) and HPV58 (OR=3.29; 95%CI: 1.34 to 8.09; p=0.0091 for LSIL; OR=3.55; 95%CI: 1.56 to 8.11; p=0.0026) genotypes. In addition, @entity1 coinfected with @entity1799 /31/56 types had 6 and 5-fold increased risk of HSIL (OR=6.46; 95%CI: 1.89 to 22.09; p=0.002) and LSIL (OR=5.22; 95%CI: 1.10 to 24.70; p=0.03), respectively. Multiple HPV infections without @entity1799 /18 has 2-fold increased risk of HSIL (OR=2.57; 95%CI: 1.41 to 4.70; p=0.002) and LSIL OR=2.03; 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.79; p=0.02). The results of this study suggest that single and multiple vaccine target as well as non-vaccine target HPV types are associated with LSIL and HSIL. These finding should be taken into consideration in the design of HPV vaccination strategies.

title: Association Study between Cervical Lesions and Single or Multiple Vaccine-Target and Non-Vaccine Target @entity1082 ) Types in XXXX from Northeastern Brazil.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the increase in the prevalence of @entity162 with mixed features following the replacement of DSM-IV-TR criteria with @entity4987 criteria. Additionally, we examined the clinical implications of the use of "with mixed features" as a specifier with @entity162 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts from 2003 to 2013. A total of 331 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity162 using the DSM-IV TR were enrolled and categorized into four groups: @entity162 /hypomanic with mixed features, @entity162 /hypomanic without mixed features, @entity308 with mixed features, and @entity308 without mixed features. These classifications were made in accordance with the @entity4987 definition of @entity162 "with mixed features." Changes in the prevalence, demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of mixed features were significantly different when using the @entity4987 criteria vs. the DSM-IV-TR criteria. @entity1 with mixed features had a younger age of onset, younger age at hospitalization, more frequent hospitalizations for mixed episodes, and greater suicide risk compared with @entity1 without mixed features. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study may have resulted in under diagnosis of mixed states. CONCLUSIONS: An approximately three-fold greater risk for mixed features was observed in @entity1 with @entity162 when using the @entity4987 criteria than when using the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The additional @entity1 may represent @entity1 with sub-syndromal mixed features and could indicate that @entity1 with mixed features are underdiagnosed.

title: Prevalence rates and clinical implications of XXXX "with mixed features" as defined by @entity4987 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the increase in the prevalence of @entity162 with mixed features following the replacement of DSM-IV-TR criteria with @entity4987 criteria. Additionally, we examined the clinical implications of the use of "with mixed features" as a specifier with @entity162 . METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts from 2003 to 2013. A total of 331 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity162 using the DSM-IV TR were enrolled and categorized into four groups: @entity162 /hypomanic with mixed features, @entity162 /hypomanic without mixed features, @entity308 with mixed features, and @entity308 without mixed features. These classifications were made in accordance with the @entity4987 definition of @entity162 "with mixed features." Changes in the prevalence, demographic and clinical characteristics were compared among the groups. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of mixed features were significantly different when using the @entity4987 criteria vs. the DSM-IV-TR criteria. @entity1 with mixed features had a younger age of onset, younger age at hospitalization, more frequent hospitalizations for mixed episodes, and greater suicide risk compared with @entity1 without mixed features. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study may have resulted in under diagnosis of mixed states. CONCLUSIONS: An approximately three-fold greater risk for mixed features was observed in @entity1 with @entity162 when using the @entity4987 criteria than when using the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The additional @entity1 may represent @entity1 with sub-syndromal mixed features and could indicate that @entity1 with mixed features are underdiagnosed.

title: Prevalence rates and clinical implications of @entity162 "with mixed features" as defined by XXXX .

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: When evaluating gender differences in @entity146 and suicidality, specifically between European countries, studies are sparse and frequently hindered by methodological issues, such as the limited items evaluated and inconsistent sampling designs. METHODS: In ten European countries participating in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative, lifetime internalizing and externalizing disorders and suicidality were assessed among 37,289 respondents. Disorders were classified using DMS-IV criteria. Odds ratios (OR) for gender differences were calculated using logistic regression, while trends across age-groups were tested via gender*age interaction. RESULTS: Within countries, prevalence of any lifetime internalizing disorder ranged from 10.8% to 44.5% among @entity1 and 5.9% to 26.5% among @entity1 , with @entity1 having consistently higher odds than @entity1 (OR range: 1.52-2.73). Prevalence of any lifetime externalizing disorders ranged from 0.2% to 6.6% among @entity1 and 2.2% to 22.4% among @entity1 , with @entity1 having consistently lower odds than @entity1 (OR range: 0.05-0.35). Any lifetime suicide attempt was found in 0.8-5.4% of @entity1 and 0.3-2.4% of @entity1 , showing inconsistent relative gender-differences across countries (OR range: 0.77-4.72). Significant effects in gender OR across age-groups were not observed for any internalizing disorder or suicide attempt, yet were present for any externalizing disorder in France (p=0.01), the Netherlands (p=0.05), and Spain (p=0.02). LIMITATIONS: @entity146 were assessed with the CIDI 3.0 and not psychiatric evaluations. Suicidality does not fully represent more important clinical events, such as suicide mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent across European countries, internalizing disorders are more common among @entity1 and externalizing disorders among @entity1 , whereas gender differences in suicidality varied.

title: Gender differences in XXXX and suicidality in Europe: Results from a large cross-sectional population-based study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'Mental disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the most common @entity409 . An evidence-based pharmacological treatment for @entity1561 is still lacking, but @entity3088 have shown therapeutic potential. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the flavonoid monoHER on the onset of @entity1561 in @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 on a high-fat and high- @entity165 diet. The focus was put on the effect on oxidative stress as well as the adaptive response. Wild type @entity19 served as a control and the effect of monoHER was compared to that of a placebo. In the @entity1748 (-/-) group, monoHER provided only a mild protection against oxidative stress. In the placebo @entity1748 (-/-) group an adaptive response elicited by the @entity10182 antioxidant defense system was observed, evidenced by a higher HO-1 and @entity52484 gene expression, as well as an increased redox status, evidenced by the higher @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio. In the monoHER treated @entity1748 (-/-) group both the adaptive response as well as the increase in redox status tended to be higher, although this did not reach significance on a group level. Unexpectedly, a strong within animal relationship was found that links a high adaptive response to a low redox status in the monoHER @entity1748 (-/-) group. This correlation was absent in the placebo and wild type group. The concept that emerges is that a @entity1432 -reactive oxidation product of monoHER, formed during oxidative stress, selectively induces the @entity10182 pathway and enforces the endogenous antioxidant shield, to provide protection against @entity1561 .

title: The flavonoid monoHER promotes the adaption to oxidative stress during the onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['NAFLD']


abstract: Ongoing climate change will lead to more extreme weather events, including severe drought periods and intense drying rewetting cycles. This will directly influence microbial @entity1568 (N) turnover rates in soil by changing the water content and the @entity26 partial pressure. Therefore, a space for time climate change experiment was conducted by transferring intact beech seedling-soil mesocosms from a northwest (NW) exposed site, representing today's climatic conditions, to a southwest (SW) exposed site, providing a model climate for future conditions with naturally occurring increased soil temperature (+0.8  C in average). In addition, severe drought and intense rainfall was simulated by a rainout shelter at SW and manual rewetting after 39 days drought, respectively. Soil samples were taken in June, at the end of the drought period (August), 24 and 72 hours after rewetting (August) and after a regeneration period of four weeks (September). To follow dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities involved in N turnover, abundance and activity of nitrifiers, denitrifiers, N2-fixing microbes and N-mineralizers was analyzed based on marker genes and the related transcripts by qPCR from DNA and RNA directly extracted from soil. Abundance of the transcripts was reduced under climate change with most pronounced effects for denitrification. Our results revealed that already a transfer from NW to SW without further treatment resulted in decreased cnor and nosZ transcripts, encoding for @entity842 reductase and nitrous @entity8369 reductase, respectively, while nirK transcripts, encoding for @entity3542 reductase, remained unaffected. Severe drought additionally led to reduced nirK and cnor transcripts at SW. After rewetting, nirK transcripts increased rapidly at both sites, while cnor and nosZ transcripts increased only at NW. Our data indicate that the climate change influences activity pattern of microbial communities involved in denitrification processes to a different extend, which may impact emission rates of the greenhouse gas @entity3727 .

title: Climate change induces shifts in abundance and activity pattern of bacteria and archaea catalyzing major transformation steps in XXXX turnover in a soil from a mid-European beech forest.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Africa's progress towards the health related Millennium Development Goals remains limited. This can be partly explained by inadequate performance of health care providers. It is therefore critical to incentivize this performance. Payment methods that reward performance related to quantity and quality, called @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ), have recently been introduced in over 30 African countries. While @entity1297 meets considerable enthusiasm from governments and donors, the evidence on its effects is still limited. In this study we aim to estimate the effects of @entity1297 on the utilization and quality of maternal and @entity1 care in Burundi. We use the 2010 Burundi Demographic and Health Survey (August 2010-January 2011, n  =  4916 @entity1 ) and exploit the staggered rollout of @entity1297 between 2006 and 2010, to implement a difference-in-differences approach. The quality of care provided during antenatal care (ANC) visits improved significantly, especially among the better off, although timeliness and number of ANC visits did not change. The probability of an institutional delivery increased significantly with 4 percentage points among the better off but no effects were found among the poor. @entity1297 does significantly increase this probability (with 5 percentage points) for @entity1 where @entity1297 was in place from the start of their pregnancy, suggesting that @entity1 are encouraged during ANC visits to deliver in the facility. @entity1297 also led to a significant increase of 4 percentage points in the probability of a @entity1 being fully vaccinated, with effects more pronounced among the poor. @entity1297 improved the utilization and quality of most maternal and @entity1 care, mainly among the better off, but did not improve targeting of unmet needs for ANC. Especially types of care which require a behavioral change of health care workers when the @entity1 is already in the clinic show improvements. Improvements are smaller for services which require effort from the provider to change @entity1 ' utilization choices.

title: The effects of performance incentives on the utilization and quality of maternal and XXXX care in Burundi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['PBF', 'performance based financing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: To evaluate the antitumor activity of Agrimonia pilosa LEDEB., the effects of the @entity1042 extract from roots of the plant ( @entity16532 ) on several transplantable rodent @entity5 were investigated. @entity16532 significantly prolonged the life span of S180-, Meth-A @entity1492 - and MM-2 mammary @entity189 -bearing @entity19 by intraperitoneal (i.p.) pre- or postmedication. @entity16532 also inhibited the growth of S-180 solid @entity5 . On the other hand, the prolongation of life span induced by @entity16532 on S-180 ascites @entity5 -bearing @entity19 was markedly minimized or abolished by the pretreatment of @entity786 . @entity16532 showed considerably strong @entity137 on MM-2 cells in vitro, but the effect was diminished to one-tenth by the addition of serum to the culture. Against the host animals, the peripheral white blood cells in @entity19 were significantly increased from 2 to 5 days after the i.p. injection of @entity16532 . On 4th day after the injection of @entity16532 , the peritoneal exudate cells which possessed the cytotoxic activity on MM-2 cells in vitro were also increased to about 5-fold those in the non-treated control. The spleen of the @entity19 was enlarged, and the spleen cells possessed the capacity to uptake @entity665 . However, @entity16532 did not show direct migration activity like other mitogens against spleen cells from non-treated @entity19 . These results indicate that the roots of Agrimonia pilosa contain some antitumor constituents, and possible mechanisms of the antitumor activity may be some host-mediated actions and direct @entity137 .

title: Antitumor activity of XXXX extract from roots of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: Stress is a widely recognized risk factor for @entity146 . A number of animal models utilizing various stressors have been developed to facilitate our understanding in the pathophysiology of stress-related dysfunctions. The most commonly used chronic stress paradigms include the unpredictable chronic mild stress paradigm, the social defeat paradigm and the social deprivation paradigm. Here we assess the potential of social crowding as an alternative chronic stress model to study the effects on affective behaviors and metabolic disturbances. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were housed in groups of four (control) or eight (social crowding; SC) in standard cage for 9 weeks. Exploration, @entity148 - and @entity146 were assessed in the open field test, the elevated T-maze, the novelty-suppressed feeding test and the forced swim test. SC @entity19 exhibited a modest @entity148 -like phenotype without change in @entity146 . Nine weeks of social crowding did not affect the body weight, but robustly increased adiposity as determined by increased mass of fat depots. Consistent with the increased fat content, serum leptin was markedly elevated in the SC @entity19 . Specific changes in gene expression were also observed in the hypothalamus and the white adipose tissue following SC housing. Our study demonstrates the potential of social crowding as an alternative model for the study of stress-related @entity146 .

title: Social overcrowding as a chronic stress model that increases adiposity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and behavioral dysfunctions', 'psychiatric and metabolic disorders', 'depressive-like behaviors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen that has been implicated in numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Little is known about the extent and molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in STEC O157:H7 of food origin. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in 54 STEC O157:H7 strains isolated from 1600 food samples (800 meat products and 800 dairy products) collected from different street venders, butchers, retail markets, and slaughterhouses in Egypt. Thirty-one of 54 (57.4%) isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes to at least three classes of antimicrobials. The highest incidence of antimicrobial resistance was to @entity7913 (96.8%), followed by @entity6760 (93.6%), @entity869 (90.3%), @entity3639 (87.1%), and @entity803 (80.6%). PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and antibiotic resistance genes, and 29.6% and 5.6% of isolates were positive for class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively. b-Lactamase-encoding genes were identified in 63.0% of isolates as follows: @entity50784 and blaTEM-52 in 35.2% and 1.9% isolates respectively; blaCMY-2 in 13.0% isolates; blaCTX-M in 5.6% isolates; blaSHV-12 in 5.6% isolates; and blaOXA-1 in 1.9% isolate. The plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance genes were identified in 13.0% of isolates as follows: qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in 5.6%, 3.7%, and 3.7% isolates, respectively. Finally, the @entity21562 resistance gene floR was identified in 7.4% of isolates. This study demonstrated that meat and dairy products are potential sources of multidrug resistant STEC O157:H7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of class 2 integrons, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in STEC O157:H7.

title: Molecular analysis of multidrug resistance in Shiga toxin-producing XXXX O157:H7 isolated from meat and dairy products.

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   The optimal hypothermic level during @entity1167 is controversial. The aim of our study was to comprehensively assess the impact of moderate hypothermic @entity1167 with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) on total aortic arch replacement. Methods   From 2010 to 2013, data were collected from 99 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity1580 . All @entity1 underwent total arch replacement plus frozen @entity7105 trunk procedure. There were 51 @entity1 in the @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) group and 47 in the @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) group. Either unilateral or bilateral ACP was applied for cerebral protection. Perioperative data and measured outcomes were compared. Results   Overall mean @entity1167 time was 29.9        6.0 minutes. Temporary @entity51 incidence was lower in the @entity1167 group compared with the @entity1167 group (21.3 vs. 40.4%, p   =   0.041). The total 30-day mortality was 17.2% (14.9 vs. 19.2%, p   =   0.568) and permanent @entity51 morbidity was 3.0% overall. In @entity1167 , less blood products were used than in @entity1167 . Moderate @entity2332 was a protective factor for the composite outcome of temporary and permanent @entity51 (odds ratio   =   0.385; 95% confidence interval   =   0.162-0.919). Hypothermic level did not significantly affect the perioperative @entity3929 aminotransferase and serum @entity1011 levels. Conclusion   Within a short @entity1167 time, @entity1167 combined with ACP seemed to be a safe and effective method to protect cerebral and visceral organs during total aortic arch replacement.

title: Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest with Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion for Rapid Total Arch Replacement in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunctions', 'neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['DHCA', 'moderate hypothermia circulatory arrest', 'deep hypothermia circulatory arrest', 'circulatory arrest', 'MHCA']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Type A Aortic Dissection']


abstract: The unbound fraction of plasma @entity251 (T) can freely enter tissues, whereas the bioavailability of the albumin-bound T is controversial. A clinical observation in hirsute @entity1 receiving @entity1482 suggested an experimental paradigm to test the effect of albumin binding on T bioavailability. We found an increase in the non-T- @entity172 -binding globulin-bound fraction of plasma T in @entity1 from 24.1 +/- 3.9% to 42.0 +/- 8.1% (+/-SEM) while they received @entity1482 . Computer modeling indicated that the absolute increase in the albumin-bound T concentration would be about 22.4-fold greater than that in the unbound T concentration (the ratio of albumin-bound to free T remaining virtually constant) because of the binding of T to albumin. We reasoned that the addition of graded amounts of @entity1482 and its metabolites to plasma would provide a means to increase the albumin-bound T concentration appreciably. We evaluated the biological effects of this perturbation of T transport by @entity1482 and its metabolites in a bioassay system using the Oldendorf technique. Bioavailable T increased proportionately with increments in free and albumin-bound T (r = 0.85; P less than 0.01). A major portion of the albumin-bound T (i.e. 55%) entered tissues under all conditions; the amount that was bioavailable vastly exceeded the amount of T that was unbound in the injected samples. An index of the amount of bioavailable T can be determined using the @entity1329 precipitation technique, as the percentage of non-T- @entity172 -binding globulin-bound T in vitro correlated well with T bioavailability in vitro (r = 0.86; P less than 0.01). These studies support the conclusion that albumin-bound T is biologically important.

title: Bioavailability of albumin-bound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genes conferring pathogenicity in @entity25068 turgidiscabies, a pathogen causing common scab of @entity415 , are grouped together on a pathogenicity island (PAI), which has been found to be mobile and appears to transfer and disseminate like an integrative and conjugative element (ICE). However, in @entity9250 , another common scab-inducing species, the pathogenicity genes are clustered in two regions: the toxicogenic region (TR) and the colonization region. The @entity71733 genome was analysed to investigate the potential mobility of the TR. Attachment sites (att), short homologous sequences that delineate ICEs, were identified at both extremities of the TR. An internal att site was also found, suggesting that the TR has a composite structure (TR1 and TR2). Thaxtomin biosynthetic genes, essential for pathogenicity, were found in TR1, whereas candidate genes with known functions in recombination, replication and conjugal transfer were found in TR2. Excision of the TR1 or TR2 subregions alone, or of the entire TR region, was observed, although the excision frequency of TR was low. However, the excision frequency was considerably increased in the presence of either @entity1138 or @entity25068 cells. A composite TR structure was not observed in all @entity9250 and @entity25068 acidiscabies strains tested. Of the ten strains analysed, seven lacked TR2 and no TR excision event could be detected in these strains, thus suggesting the implication of TR2 in the mobilization of @entity9250   TR.

title: Identification of genetic and environmental factors stimulating excision from XXXX chromosome of the toxicogenic region responsible for pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity9250 :: ('1930', 'Species') :: ['S.   scabiei', 'Streptomyces scabiei']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

answer: @entity9250 :: (1930,Species) :: ['Streptomyces scabiei']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examined potential risk factors of lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB), including phylogenetic lineages of @entity8118 (MTB), in comparison to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a setting with an ethnically diverse population. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study at a major tuberculosis clinic in Sydney, Australia, which included all @entity1 with peripheral LNTB seen at the clinic between 2000 and 2012. Controls were randomly selected @entity1 with PTB seen at the same clinic during the study period. Epidemiological data were extracted from the hospital electronic database and medical records. Associations between LNTB and age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities and phylogenetic lineages of MTB in comparison to PTB were examined using logistic regression in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: There were 212 cases with LNTB and 424 randomly selected controls with PTB. Among @entity1 with LNTB, 74% were female and the mean age (standard deviation, SD) was 42 (16) years. Among @entity1 with PTB, 43% were female and the mean age was 44 (22) years. Females, 45 to 64-year-olds and Southern Asians had an increased risk for LNTB (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.10-4.67; OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.29-4.84; OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.54-10.12 respectively). @entity1 with diabetes were at a higher risk of PTB (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19 - 0.83 for LNTB). A subset analysis showed that @entity1 infected with the East African Indian strain of MTB were more likely to develop LNTB (OR 10.07, 95% CI 2.37-42.77). CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk for LNTB (but still lower rates than for PTB) was found among females, @entity1 aged 45 to 64 years and @entity1 born in Southern Asia. An increased risk for PTB was found among @entity1 with diabetes. The East African Indian strain of MTB was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of LNTB compared to other MTB strains.

title: Epidemiology of Peripheral Lymph Node Tuberculosis and Genotyping of XXXX Strains: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8118 :: ('1773', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium tuberculosis']

answer: @entity8118 :: (1773,Species) :: ['M. tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of the cervical spine following blunt @entity130 is commonplace. In 2013, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the @entity16 ( @entity16 ) published practice guidelines drawn from evidence dating to 2011. Since then, further publications have emerged that are reviewed, and a simple management algorithm produced to assist practitioners in Australian @entity130 centres. These publications attempt to shed light on two controversial scenarios, those being the management of symptomatic @entity1 with negative computed tomography (CT) and management of the obtunded @entity1 . METHODS: The search strategy mirrored that of the AANS/ @entity16 guidelines. A search of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database for manuscripts published between January 2011 and October 2014 was conducted. One reviewer extracted data from studies assessing the performance of various imaging modalities in identifying traumatic cervical spine injuries. In clinical scenarios where little evidence has emerged since the AANS/ @entity16 guidelines, key manuscripts published prior to 2011 were identified from bibliographies. RESULTS: Awake, asymptomatic @entity1 may be 'cleared' without further imaging. Awake, symptomatic @entity1 without pathology on CT and without @entity51 can safely be 'cleared' without magnetic resonance imaging. There is no longer a role for flexion-extension films. In the obtunded @entity1 , findings remain conflicting. CONCLUSION: Several of these findings represent a departure from previous practices, including clearance of @entity1 with non-neurological symptoms on the basis of CT and the exclusion of flexion-extension film in detecting injury. Management of the obtunded @entity1 remains controversial.

title: Cervical spine immobilization following blunt XXXX : a systematic review of recent literature and proposed treatment algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Congress of Neurological Surgeons', 'CNS']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with preeclamptic pregnancies have increased long-term @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality. We explored this mortality risk among @entity1 with @entity5869 , another placental pathology. We used linked Medical Birth Registry and Death Registry data to study @entity65 mortality among over two million @entity1 with a first singleton birth between 1967 and 2002 in Norway and 1973 and 2003 in Sweden. @entity1 were followed through 2009 and 2010, respectively, to ascertain subsequent pregnancies and mortality. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate associations between @entity5869 and cardiovascular mortality adjusting for maternal age, education, year of the pregnancy and country. There were 49,944 @entity204 after an average follow-up of 23  years, of which 5453 were due to @entity65 . @entity1 with @entity5869 in first pregnancy (n  =  10,981) had an increased risk of @entity65 (hazard ratio 1.8; 95  % confidence interval 1.3, 2.4). Results were essentially unchanged by excluding @entity1 with pregestational @entity101 , @entity1468 or @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity5869 in any pregnancy (n  =  23,529) also had a 1.8-fold increased risk of @entity65 mortality (95  % confidence interval 1.5, 2.2) compared with @entity1 who never experienced the condition. Our findings provide evidence that @entity5869 , like other placental complications of pregnancy, is associated with @entity1 's increased risk of later @entity65 mortality.

title: @entity5869 and long-term maternal XXXX mortality: a population-based registry study in Norway and Sweden.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD death', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with preeclamptic pregnancies have increased long-term @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality. We explored this mortality risk among @entity1 with @entity5869 , another placental pathology. We used linked Medical Birth Registry and Death Registry data to study @entity65 mortality among over two million @entity1 with a first singleton birth between 1967 and 2002 in Norway and 1973 and 2003 in Sweden. @entity1 were followed through 2009 and 2010, respectively, to ascertain subsequent pregnancies and mortality. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate associations between @entity5869 and cardiovascular mortality adjusting for maternal age, education, year of the pregnancy and country. There were 49,944 @entity204 after an average follow-up of 23  years, of which 5453 were due to @entity65 . @entity1 with @entity5869 in first pregnancy (n  =  10,981) had an increased risk of @entity65 (hazard ratio 1.8; 95  % confidence interval 1.3, 2.4). Results were essentially unchanged by excluding @entity1 with pregestational @entity101 , @entity1468 or @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity5869 in any pregnancy (n  =  23,529) also had a 1.8-fold increased risk of @entity65 mortality (95  % confidence interval 1.5, 2.2) compared with @entity1 who never experienced the condition. Our findings provide evidence that @entity5869 , like other placental complications of pregnancy, is associated with @entity1 's increased risk of later @entity65 mortality.

title: XXXX and long-term maternal @entity65 mortality: a population-based registry study in Norway and Sweden.

answer: @entity5869 :: (MESH:D000037,Disease) :: ['Placental abruption']