abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commercially available blood can be used as an alternative to live animals to maintain mosquito colonies and deliver infectious bloodmeals during research studies. We analyzed the extent to which two methods for @entity1003 removal (defibrination or addition of @entity4958 ) affected life table characteristics (i.e., fecundity, fertility, hatch rate, and adult survival) and vector competence ( @entity281 , dissemination, and transmission) of @entity197 (Skuse) for dengue virus (DENV). Two types of @entity291 blood were tested at two extrinsic incubation temperatures (27 or 30  C) for DENV-infected and uninfected mosquitoes. Fully engorged mosquitoes were transferred to individual cages containing an oviposition cup and a substrate. Eggs (fecundity) and hatched larvae (fertility) were counted. At 14 and 21   d post feeding on a DENV-infected bloodmeal, 15 mosquitoes were sampled from each group, and vector competence was analyzed (bodies [ @entity281 ], legs [dissemination], and saliva [transmission]). Differences in life table characteristics and vector competence were analyzed for mosquitoes fed blood processed using different methods for removal of coagulates. The method for removal of coagulates significantly impacted fecundity, fertility, and hatch time in the uninfected group, but not DENV-infected group. Infected mosquitoes showed significantly higher fecundity and faster hatch time than uninfected mosquitoes. We show no significant differences in @entity281 or dissemination rates between groups; however, horizontal transmission rate was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed DENV-infected citrated compared with defibrinated blood. We expect the findings of this study to inform research using artificial blood delivery methods to assess vector competence.

title: Effects of Blood Coagulate Removal Method on XXXX (Diptera: Culicidae) Life Table Characteristics and Vector Competence for Dengue Virus.

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

answer: @entity197 :: (7160,Species) :: ['Aedes albopictus']


abstract: This work reports the molecular cloning and expression of a synthetic gene encoding P2, a 7-kDa ribonuclease (RNase) previously isolated in our laboratory from the archaebacterium @entity12204 [Fusi et al., Eur. J. Biochem. 211 (1993) 305-310]. The P2-encoding synthetic gene was expressed in @entity526 and in @entity375 . The recombinant (re-) protein was produced to approx. 1.5% of the total protein content in @entity375 using the @entity3649 -inducible @entity11870 promoter and to 3% (tac/lac tandem promoters) or 6.5% (T7 promoter) in @entity526 as judged by immunological and biochemical criteria. @entity526 -produced P2 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity through a one-step procedure, i.e., @entity8851 -Sephacel chromatography at pH 9.3. @entity375 -produced P2 additionally required filtration through a Centricon-10 microconcentrator to obtain the same purity. The re-P2 was found to be indistinguishable from the Su. solfataricus enzyme on the basis of heat stability, pH optimum and RNA digestion pattern. Furthermore, monodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the @entity526 - and Su. solfataricus-produced enzymes were structurally identical, the only exceptions being that Lys4 and Lys6 were not methylated in the re-enzyme, thus showing that @entity376 methylation does not play a role in P2 thermostabilization.

title: Expression of a synthetic gene encoding P2 ribonuclease from the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium XXXX in mesophylic hosts.

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity12204 :: (2287,Species) :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity35 with @entity1566 . METHODS: Complete @entity1566 was induced in 49 male @entity35 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1066 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1066 . @entity35 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity8425 group, which received foam dressings and @entity8425 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity8425 . The @entity1066 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1066 of the @entity8425 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on XXXX in @entity35 with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Ulcer Healing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity35 with @entity1566 . METHODS: Complete @entity1566 was induced in 49 male @entity35 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1066 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1066 . @entity35 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity8425 group, which received foam dressings and @entity8425 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity8425 . The @entity1066 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1066 of the @entity8425 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on @entity1066 in @entity35 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity35 with @entity1566 . METHODS: Complete @entity1566 was induced in 49 male @entity35 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1066 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1066 . @entity35 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity8425 group, which received foam dressings and @entity8425 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity8425 . The @entity1066 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1066 of the @entity8425 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on @entity1066 in XXXX with @entity1566 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Colonization of @entity1 @entity356 with cytotoxic strains of the bacterium @entity1534 is associated with peptic ulcer and with chronic @entity3621 . Since little is known about the T-cell response to @entity1534 , we investigated the CD4+ T-cell response both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and at the site of infection. First, we compared the bulk PBMC proliferative response to the bacterium in individuals with and without symptoms of @entity66 . We found that the PBMCs from virtually all individuals proliferate in response to heat-inactivated bacteria. Second, we cloned @entity1534 -specific CD4+ T lymphocytes from the PBMCs of three @entity1 and from both the @entity356 and PBMCs of a fourth @entity1 . We have found that CD4+ T-cell clones specific for @entity1534 from peripheral blood samples and gastric mucosae of infected @entity1 are major histocompatibility complex class II restricted and discriminate between several cytotoxic and noncytotoxic bacterial strains. Moreover, they are polyclonal in terms of T-cell receptor usage and major histocompatibility complex restriction. Our results demonstrate that the T-cell response to the whole bacterium in PBMCs does not correlate with antibody response, @entity281 . However, @entity1534 -specific CD4+ T cells are detectable, at the clonal level, in both the @entity356 @entity1 . Localization of these cells at the site of disease suggests they are effectors of the immune response to the bacteria.

title: XXXX -specific CD4+ T-cell clones from peripheral blood and gastric biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, or disease']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa', 'periphery and gastric mucosa of infected']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4752 ( @entity4752 ) is defined as @entity1398 that persists for >3 months; it is caused by a heterogeneous group of diseases in @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance and clinical manifestations of @entity4752 in @entity1 at a single @entity1 's hospital. Between October 2004 and April 2014, @entity4752 @entity1 data were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-one @entity1 were assessed in this study. Thirteen of them (41.9%) were younger than 12 months of age at initial diagnosis. There was no difference in the absolute number of neutrophils at diagnosis between the @entity1 aged younger than 12 months and those aged 12 months and older at @entity4752 onset. Twenty-two of the @entity1 (70.9%) were diagnosed during treatment for @entity697 . A total of 11 @entity1 (35.5%) were hospitalized because of recurrent infections. Most of the recurrent infections occurred in the lungs (81.8%). @entity9957 ( @entity9957 ) was identified in 14 @entity1 (45.1%). Eight of 14 @entity1 (57.1%) required @entity1261 treatment, and none of them experienced adverse effects from this treatment. Fifteen @entity1 (48.3%) were diagnosed with @entity1398 . Comparison between the idiopathic and @entity9957 groups revealed no differences in age, the absolute number of neutrophils, or the presence of @entity281 at diagnosis; however, differences were detected in sex and the rate of spontaneous recovery from @entity1398 . Ten of the @entity1 (32.2%) experienced spontaneous recovery from @entity1398 during a follow-up period of 7 to 52 months. In current study, we found a higher @entity9957 ratio in the @entity4752 @entity1 compared with previous reports, which may be due to the high rate of consanguineous marriages in our country. However, the finding of @entity4752 requires several laboratory investigations, prolonged follow-up, and advanced molecular analysis, and its etiology can remain idiopathic.

title: XXXX in Childhood: Experience From a Single Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity4752 :: ('MESH:C535815', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic neutropenia', 'CN']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['CoN', 'Congenital neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'idiopathic neutropenia']

answer: @entity4752 :: (MESH:C535815,Disease) :: ['Chronic Neutropenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) report @entity1295 in addition to acute and @entity1118 , which can decrease overall @entity283 ( @entity283 ). The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between @entity1295 and @entity283 . Given limited prior research, secondary objectives included investigation of associations between @entity1295 and functional outcomes, including @entity1 neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. @entity1 aged 8 to 16 years (N=32) and a caregiver completed measures of @entity1295 , @entity283 , @entity158 , and neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. Controlling for @entity158 and number of @entity3458 -related hospitalizations, hierarchical linear regression models were used to determine the impact of @entity1 -reported and parent-reported @entity1295 on @entity1 @entity283 . Correlational analyses were used to explore the relationship between @entity1295 and additional @entity1 outcomes. Data indicated that @entity1 with @entity3458 experience clinically relevant levels of @entity1295 , which independently predicts lower @entity283 . Fatigue was also associated with lower working memory, executive functioning, and higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Given its observed impact on @entity283 and relationship to functional outcomes, @entity1295 may be an important target of clinical, home, or school interventions. This practice may attenuate the burden of @entity1295 in these @entity1 , and in turn, help improve the quality of life of @entity1 living with @entity3458 .

title: Fatigue in @entity1 With XXXX : Association With Neurocognitive and Social-Emotional Functioning and Quality of Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) report @entity1295 in addition to acute and @entity1118 , which can decrease overall @entity283 ( @entity283 ). The primary objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between @entity1295 and @entity283 . Given limited prior research, secondary objectives included investigation of associations between @entity1295 and functional outcomes, including @entity1 neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. @entity1 aged 8 to 16 years (N=32) and a caregiver completed measures of @entity1295 , @entity283 , @entity158 , and neurocognitive and social-emotional functioning. Controlling for @entity158 and number of @entity3458 -related hospitalizations, hierarchical linear regression models were used to determine the impact of @entity1 -reported and parent-reported @entity1295 on @entity1 @entity283 . Correlational analyses were used to explore the relationship between @entity1295 and additional @entity1 outcomes. Data indicated that @entity1 with @entity3458 experience clinically relevant levels of @entity1295 , which independently predicts lower @entity283 . Fatigue was also associated with lower working memory, executive functioning, and higher levels of internalizing symptoms. Given its observed impact on @entity283 and relationship to functional outcomes, @entity1295 may be an important target of clinical, home, or school interventions. This practice may attenuate the burden of @entity1295 in these @entity1 , and in turn, help improve the quality of life of @entity1 living with @entity3458 .

title: Fatigue in XXXX With @entity3458 : Association With Neurocognitive and Social-Emotional Functioning and Quality of Life.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: In this study, we analyzed the reliability and usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 )gamma gene monoclonal rearrangement. We first tested for the specificity and sensitivity of this strategy, against the classical criteria of Southern blot analysis (SBA). Of the 27 samples tested, results agreed in all but two. Broader analysis of these cases demonstrated the high specificity (absence of false positives) of the PCR strategy, together with its limited sensitivity (10% of false negatives). The usefulness of this PCR approach was then tested on a panel of 28 biopsy specimens of @entity2617 . Monoclonal @entity6057 gamma rearrangement was detected in seven of eight cases of early stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), one of two @entity14041 ( @entity14041 ) cases, two of two non- @entity4888 @entity784 , and two of three @entity8548 . Monoclonality was not detected in any of the 11 benign cases ( @entity20956 and @entity32 ). Results obtained with this new molecular strategy provide additional support for the hypothesis of a monoclonal origin for most early stage T-cell @entity4888 . They also suggest the heterogeneous nature of some @entity8548 . Therefore, due to the difficulty in detecting T-cell monoclonality by immunohistochemical techniques, PCR can be a useful alternative strategy to SBA. It could also be used as a complementary technique in the routine diagnosis of T-cell cutaneous infiltrates.

title: Value of PCR detection of XXXX gamma gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of @entity2617 .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity20956 :: ('MESH:D010267', 'Disease') :: ['parapsoriasis']

entities_list: @entity14041 :: ('MESH:D012751', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Sezary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis lesions', 'lymphomatoid papulosis']

answer: @entity6057 :: (6962,Gene) :: ['TCR']


abstract: In this study, we analyzed the reliability and usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 )gamma gene monoclonal rearrangement. We first tested for the specificity and sensitivity of this strategy, against the classical criteria of Southern blot analysis (SBA). Of the 27 samples tested, results agreed in all but two. Broader analysis of these cases demonstrated the high specificity (absence of false positives) of the PCR strategy, together with its limited sensitivity (10% of false negatives). The usefulness of this PCR approach was then tested on a panel of 28 biopsy specimens of @entity2617 . Monoclonal @entity6057 gamma rearrangement was detected in seven of eight cases of early stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), one of two @entity14041 ( @entity14041 ) cases, two of two non- @entity4888 @entity784 , and two of three @entity8548 . Monoclonality was not detected in any of the 11 benign cases ( @entity20956 and @entity32 ). Results obtained with this new molecular strategy provide additional support for the hypothesis of a monoclonal origin for most early stage T-cell @entity4888 . They also suggest the heterogeneous nature of some @entity8548 . Therefore, due to the difficulty in detecting T-cell monoclonality by immunohistochemical techniques, PCR can be a useful alternative strategy to SBA. It could also be used as a complementary technique in the routine diagnosis of T-cell cutaneous infiltrates.

title: Value of PCR detection of @entity6057 gamma gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2617 :: (MESH:D017254,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the level of sICAM-1 in sera of @entity1378 and euthyroid @entity1 with @entity2743 and find correlation between thyroid function, anti-TSH receptor as well as anti-thyroid antibodies. Comparative determination of sICAM-1, TSH and thyroid hormones, anti-TSH receptor- as well as anti-thyroglobin-, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was made in sera of Graves' @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with untreated @entity2743 (12 had @entity6875 ) were studied before and after @entity3937 treatment. sICAM-1 was measured by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies to @entity1 @entity2071 . The sICAM-1 was significantly elevated in @entity2743 ' @entity1 (738.9 +/- 151 ng/ml) compared to controls (212 +/- 42 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). Both in @entity1378 and euthyroid Graves' groups with @entity6875 the sICAM-1 proved to be higher than those without @entity6875 . Correlations were observed between sICAM-1 and serum @entity1955 , @entity1954 and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (r = 0.91, 0.83 and 0.61, respectively). There was, however, no association of serum @entity2071 levels with anti-thyroid peroxidase or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. It was concluded that elevation of sICAM-1 can be the consequence of @entity1378 and the autoimmune processes mediated by anti-TSH receptor antibodies as well as cytokines. The elevated level of sICAM-1 might be important both in regulation of autoimmune mechanism and "homing" phenomenon of lymphocytes in @entity2743 .

title: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'hyperthyroid Graves', "hyperthyroid Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrative ophthalmopathy', 'ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: For the first time, radiofrequency alternating current ablation of the AV-conduction system was performed in a 49-year-old female @entity1 with recurrent @entity591 with fast @entity713 , refractory to medical therapy, and two conventional DC-shock catheter ablation procedures. Without underlying @entity299 , the @entity1 had experienced almost daily episodes of @entity591 with a total of 10 @entity1163 . An electrophysiological study had revealed an ectopic right- @entity591 and fast AV conduction up to a rate of more than 180 bpm. Soon after conventional right atrial catheter ablation, @entity591 with normal AV-conduction had recurred. Therefore, after catheter positioning (Lumelec, Cordis) at the proximal His bundle, 5 alternating current high-frequency pulses with an output energy of up to 50 W were applied under general anaesthesia. After the fourth application, the ECG revealed @entity713 with a His-bundle escape rhythm of 50 bpm. No complications occurred. Subsequent echocardiography did not reveal any pathological changes. The @entity1 was put on anticoagulant therapy for the following 3 months and discharged after implantation of a permanent, activity-controlled pacemaker system (Activitrax, Medtronic). @entity713 was persistent within a follow-up period of 3 months.

title: [Initial experiences with high-frequency electric ablation of the AV conduction system in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV-block', 'IIIrd degree AV-block', 'atrioventricular conduction']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fourteen cases of an anterior inferior angle @entity174 of the @entity2270 treated in the Orthopaedic Department of the University of Athens from January 1970 to December 1992 were analysed. The mean follow-up time was 8.5 years. The so-called "tear drop" @entity174 of the @entity2270 composes a special entity characterised by an avulsed fragment, of varying size, from the anterior inferior angle of the body of the @entity2270 as a result of @entity3579 . This @entity130 is not a frequent one, representing 3% of the cervical spine trauma in our Department. There were eight @entity1 and six @entity1 with a mean age of 47 years. Road traffic accident is by far the most common mode of aetiology. The stability of this lesion is questioned by certain authors, resulting in disagreement concerning the choice of treatment to be followed. All the @entity1 in our series were treated conservatively, consisting at the beginning with Glisson traction and then the use of a simple cervical collar. The rotation of the detached fragment, its anterior displacement, the posterior displacement of the vertebral body as well as the presence of instability at the @entity18361 levels were analysed. The high incidence of co-existing lesions at the same or at a more distal level is discussed. This study revealed that there was no significant displacement of the vertebral body, and thus disturbance of the posterior ligaments, rendering the @entity174 stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The "tear drop" (or avulsed) XXXX of the anterior inferior angle of the @entity2270 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Fourteen cases of an anterior inferior angle @entity174 of the @entity2270 treated in the Orthopaedic Department of the University of Athens from January 1970 to December 1992 were analysed. The mean follow-up time was 8.5 years. The so-called "tear drop" @entity174 of the @entity2270 composes a special entity characterised by an avulsed fragment, of varying size, from the anterior inferior angle of the body of the @entity2270 as a result of @entity3579 . This @entity130 is not a frequent one, representing 3% of the cervical spine trauma in our Department. There were eight @entity1 and six @entity1 with a mean age of 47 years. Road traffic accident is by far the most common mode of aetiology. The stability of this lesion is questioned by certain authors, resulting in disagreement concerning the choice of treatment to be followed. All the @entity1 in our series were treated conservatively, consisting at the beginning with Glisson traction and then the use of a simple cervical collar. The rotation of the detached fragment, its anterior displacement, the posterior displacement of the vertebral body as well as the presence of instability at the @entity18361 levels were analysed. The high incidence of co-existing lesions at the same or at a more distal level is discussed. This study revealed that there was no significant displacement of the vertebral body, and thus disturbance of the posterior ligaments, rendering the @entity174 stable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The "tear drop" (or avulsed) @entity174 of the anterior inferior angle of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['axis']


abstract: Thirty-eight cases of a "tear drop" @entity174 of the lower cervical spine treated in our department during the last 20 years are reported. They represent 8.3% of all cervical injuries. We classified our cases into four types with regard to the extent of the @entity75 and the resulting posterior displacement of the vertebral body. @entity572 is of paramount importance. @entity16 were present in 52.6% of the @entity1 , and they were related to the @entity130 . Five @entity1 died, and 33 were followed up for a mean period of 10 years. Five @entity1 were operated on. All @entity1 with a complete @entity16 remained unchanged irrespective of the type of treatment. Incomplete @entity16 showed a better tendency to recover after surgical treatment. Types III and IV are the more serious lesions, and they represent an absolute indication for surgical treatment. Type I is more benign and, if treated properly, has a good prognosis similar to type II.

title: The anterior inferior angle XXXX of a lower cervical vertebra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological lesions', 'neurological lesion', 'neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior displacement']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is one of the most powerful separation techniques for complex protein solutions. The proteins are first separated according to their isoelectric point, driven by an electric field across a pH gradient. The pH gradient necessary for the separation according to isoelectric point (pL) is usually established by electrophoresing carrier ampholytes prior to and/or concomitantly with the sample. The second dimension is usually a separation according to molecular size. Mostly this separation is performed after complete denaturation of the proteins by @entity3208 and @entity6514 ( @entity214 -PAGE). This standard method has considerable disadvantages when relatively hydrophobic membrane proteins are to be separated: cathodic drift, resulting in nonreproducible separation, and the denaturation of the proteins, mostly making it impossible to detect native properties of the proteins after separation (e.g., enzymatic activity, antigenicity, intact multimers, and so on). The protocols presented here take care of most of these obstacles. However, there is probably no universal procedure that can guarantee success at first try for any mixture of membrane proteins; some experimentation will be necessary for optimization. Two procedures are each presented: a denaturing (with @entity1133 ) and a nondenaturing method for IEF in immobilized pH gradient gels using Immobilines, and a denaturing (with @entity214 and @entity6514 ) and a nondenaturing technique (with CHAPS) for the second dimension. Essential tips and tricks are presented to keep frustrations of the newcomer at a low level.

title: Two-dimensional XXXX gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity137 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity20787 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity20787 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity4722 emulsion, topical @entity1217 , @entity288 creams and @entity2636 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity20787 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity137 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity137 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity111 , pain, burning). Only @entity2636 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity137 , in prevention, management of the different @entity137 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in @entity1 with @entity0 that experience XXXX . A systematic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity', 'acute skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity20787 :: (MESH:D011855,Disease) :: ['radiodermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity137 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity20787 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity20787 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity4722 emulsion, topical @entity1217 , @entity288 creams and @entity2636 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity20787 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity137 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity137 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity111 , pain, burning). Only @entity2636 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity137 , in prevention, management of the different @entity137 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in @entity1 with XXXX that experience @entity20787 . A systematic review].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity137 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity20787 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity20787 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity4722 emulsion, topical @entity1217 , @entity288 creams and @entity2636 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity20787 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity137 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity137 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity111 , pain, burning). Only @entity2636 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity137 , in prevention, management of the different @entity137 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in XXXX with @entity0 that experience @entity20787 . A systematic review].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate Paraoxanase 1 (PON-1) activity in @entity1 with ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to determine its correlation with Gensini scores (GSs). METHODS: A total of 109 @entity1 with @entity583 and 58 healthy subjects as control group were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups as ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated @entity583 @entity1 (Group I and II, respectively). Controls were named as Group III. PON-1 activity was determined on admission to emergency department for each group. In addition, GSs for @entity1 groups were determined. Then, groups were compared according to their results. RESULTS: PON-1 levels in Group I and II were significantly lower when compared to Group III. Median GSs for Group I and II were 60 and 64, respectively. The cut-off value of PON-1 for diagnosis of @entity583 was  <=180 U/L, which was identified by receiver characteristics receiver curve analysis. However, we could not determine a significant relationship between serum PON-1 levels and GSs in @entity1 with @entity583 . CONCLUSION: PON-1 levels measured on admission to emergency department may be used to rule out @entity583 . PON-1 levels in @entity583 @entity1 are found to be inefficient in determining extension of @entity63 measured by GS.

title: Paraoxanase as an indicator of myocardial ischemia and its utility in determining extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Countries are increasingly requesting guidance on carrying out acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, aimed at detecting and confirming all cases of @entity3328 . The experience of Oman provides many lessons in this respect. AFP surveillance in Oman was established systematically. First, an epidemiologist was assigned to coordinate surveillance, and a laboratory for performing polio-virus isolation was identified. Next, operational guidelines for AFP surveillance were developed and widely promoted among health staff. The quality of the system has been monitored for more than 3 years with selected performance indicators. From January 1990 to April 1993, 49 AFP cases were reported, corresponding to an average annual rate of 2.1 AFP cases per 100,000 @entity1 aged less than 15 years. A total of 98% of the AFP cases were investigated within 48 hours of being reported; two stool samples were obtained from 94% of the cases. Following complete investigation, nearly a third of the reported AFP cases were classified as being clinically compatible with @entity5011 . Four AFP cases, all reported in 1991, were confirmed to be due to wild type 3 @entity9925 . Because AFP surveillance detected these cases rapidly, Oman was able to carry out outbreak control measures promptly and more than 350,000 extra doses of oral @entity9925 vaccine were delivered to @entity1 under 6 years of age.

title: XXXX in Oman: acute flaccid paralysis surveillance leading to early detection and rapid response to a type 3 outbreak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['acute paralytic poliomyelitis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['Poliomyelitis']


abstract: Using purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to SEA, avidin- @entity1885 system and capture ELISA technique, we observed the dynamic changes in the level of the circulating soluble egg antigen-antibody complex (SEAIC) in @entity19 sera at various weeks post infection. Simultaneously, the diameter and area of liver egg @entity738 were measured by using profile analytical technique. Serum SEAIC was first detected 4 weeks post infection (p.i.), reaching peak level at 6-7th week, and then gradually dropped, and maintained at moderately high level till the end of the observation (12 weeks p.i.). Schistosome eggs appeared in liver tissue at 4 weeks p.i. No egg @entity738 could be found until 6 weeks p.i. The peak of the average diameter and area of liver egg @entity738 was noted at 7 weeks p.i., then dropped gradually. Its dynamic changes were consistent with that of the serum SEAIC level. It is therefore suggested that the serum SEAIC level could be a reference index reflecting the extent of the pathological changes of the liver. Moreover, SEAIC might play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2040 japonica.

title: [Dynamic study on relationship between serum SEAIC level and hepatic pathological changes in XXXX infected with Schistosoma japonicum].

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of galectin-3 ThyroTest in the preoperative evaluation of cytologically indeterminate (Thy-3) thyroid nodules has been largely validated by retrospective and prospective multicentre studies. Here we report the results of galectin-3 ThyroTest routinely applied in the management of Thy-3 nodules in combination with clinical and ultrasonography (US) examination, in which galectin-3 positive nodules were directly referred to surgery whereas galectin-3 negative lesions were considered for clinical and US long-term follow-up. A cohort of 331 @entity1 , bearing 340 thyroid Thy-3 nodules, was enrolled and subjected to galectin-3 expression analysis. A total of 256 galectin-3 negative nodules were directed to periodical clinical and US examination, while 84 galectin-3 positive cases were referred to surgery. Excluding 63 dropout @entity1 plus 15 @entity1 that were operated because of clinical reasons the remaining 176 galectin-3 negative nodules were followed with clinical and US examination for an average period of 31  months. During the follow-up, the volume of galectin-3 negative nodules was unchanged in 85 cases (48  %), reduced in 47 (27  %), and increased in 44 (25  %). Based on combined clinical features and US follow-up results, a total of 36 out of 191 galectin-3 negative nodules (19  %) were referred to surgery, with a final histological finding of 28 benign lesions, three @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), and five malignant lesions, corresponding to a 7  % false negative rate. In the group of 84 galectin-3 positive nodules, we detected 65 @entity259 with a prevalence of 77  %, 12 FT-UMPs, and 7 false positive lesions, corresponding to a 4  % false positive rate. A total of 150 @entity1 were not operated and are still under clinical and US monitoring while surgery was performed in 118 @entity1 with a final 70 @entity259 diagnosed, corresponding to a 59  % prevalence of @entity5 detected at surgery and to a 26  % prevalence of @entity5 among the entire Thy-3 nodule population. Galectin-3 ThyroTest is an easy and cheap diagnostic procedure that integrates conventional fine-needle-aspiration cytology, reduces the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies and increases the rate of @entity5 at surgery. Clinical and US follow-up of galectin-3 negative lesions allows to further reduce false negative cases.

title: Combined clinical and ultrasound follow-up assists in XXXX detection in Galectin-3 negative Thy-3 thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'follicular tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The @entity2967 is an interesting phenomenon almost exclusively confined to regions of @entity4759 . A majority of @entity1 with @entity2967 usually desire operation for social and cosmetic reasons. Some of them however suffer frequent attacks of intercurrent @entity1729 which complicates the post-operative course. About a fifth of them present with acute @entity649 requiring emergency surgery. The peri-operative management of this disease is both formidable and hazardous. The operative time is not only longer than for a standard thyroidectomy but mortality can also be unacceptably high. In this paper the author reports his personal experience with 30 @entity1 whose resected specimens weighed between 500g and 1750g. There was a total of six complications; one @entity1 developed a deep haematoma which produced @entity649 post-operatively. Five @entity1 developed suture abscesses at intervals after the operation. There was no mortality.

title: XXXX : a surgical scourge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant goitre']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goitre']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['Giant goitre']


abstract: During the past 10 years 311 consecutive @entity1 were admitted with 342 episodes of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). There were 193 cases of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and 149 cases of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) as determined by interpretation of the abdominal radiographs done on admission. The purpose of this review was to determine the reliability of the admission plain abdominal radiographs and subsequent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast studies in predicting the need for operative intervention. The use of @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) versus nasointestinal (long) tubes (NIT) was correlated with the following outcome variables; length of hospital stay (LOS), timing of operative intervention, incidence of @entity260 , and duration of @entity86 . Long tubes (NIT) were used in 64 episodes of @entity1744 and 81 episodes of @entity1744 , whereas @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) were used in 116 cases of @entity1744 and 68 cases of @entity1744 . Thirty-eight of 193 (19%) @entity1 with @entity1744 required operation (20 of 116 with @entity5274 and 18 of 64 with NIT), whereas 125 of 149 (84%) @entity1 with @entity1744 required operation (60 of 68 with @entity5274 and 65 of 81 with NIT). Need for operation was not correlated with whether or not long tubes passed beyond the pylorus; 50 passed versus 33 not passed in operative groups (p = 0.15). Twelve of 83 @entity1 with NIT had operation within 24 hours versus 52 of 80 @entity1 with @entity5274 (p less than 0.001). In six of 64 @entity1 who had surgery within 24 hours, complications developed versus in 39 of 99 @entity1 operated on more than 24 hours after admission (p less than or equal to 0.001). In 29 of 83 @entity1 treated with NIT, @entity260 developed versus in 16 of 80 @entity1 with @entity5274 (p less than or equal to 0.04). The mean duration of @entity86 in @entity1 with NIT was 7 days versus 4.1 days for @entity5274 @entity1 (p less than 0.001). The mean LOS was 12.2 days for @entity5274 @entity1 versus 21 days for @entity1 with NIT (p less than 0.001). Barium UGI contrast studies were performed in 57 @entity1 to establish the presence of obstruction. In 34 of 57 @entity1 the UGI disclosed mechanical obstruction that required operative intervention. In the remaining 23 @entity1 no obstruction was demonstrated, and all 23 @entity1 recovered without operation. In conclusion, there is no inherent superiority of NIT versus @entity5274 in the treatment of @entity1744 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Use of tubes and radiographs in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['nasogastric tubes', 'NGT']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction', 'partial small bowel obstruction', 'PSBO', 'CSBO', 'complete small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: The utility of the @entity1603 ( @entity1603 rd) labelling technique for the quantitative analysis of spermatogenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was investigated in the @entity35 . @entity35 testicles were labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdUrd. The testicles were removed 1 h after injection, fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. BrdUrd-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. The number of BrdUrd-labelled tubules per total number of tubules (percent L.T.), the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per total number of tubules (tubular ratio) and the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per number of Sertoli cells (Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells) were calculated as indices of spermatogenic DNA synthesis during each stage of the seminiferous epithelial wave. BrdUrd labelling was found exclusively in the nuclei of spermatogonia and in preleptotene spermatocytes in the seminiferous epithelium. The percent L.T. was generally greater than 50%, except in stages VI, VII and XIV, and the tubular as well as Sertoli cell ratios in BrdUrd-labelled cells was greater than 2.0 and 0.15, respectively, in stages I, II-III, V, VIII, X, and XII. The tubular ratio and Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells along the seminiferous epithelial wave had two distinct peaks. The distribution of the tubular ratio using the BrdUrd-labelling technique correlated well with the distribution previously established by measuring tritiated @entity1014 uptake per tubule. Thus, the BrdUrd labelling technique, which is more efficient than the tritiated @entity1014 labelling technique, can be used to quantitatively evaluate spermatogenic DNA synthesis.

title: Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in the @entity35 using a monoclonal anti- XXXX antibody.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['5-bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: The utility of the @entity1603 ( @entity1603 rd) labelling technique for the quantitative analysis of spermatogenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was investigated in the @entity35 . @entity35 testicles were labelled by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdUrd. The testicles were removed 1 h after injection, fixed in Bouin's fluid and embedded in paraffin. BrdUrd-labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. The number of BrdUrd-labelled tubules per total number of tubules (percent L.T.), the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per total number of tubules (tubular ratio) and the number of BrdUrd-labelled cells per number of Sertoli cells (Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells) were calculated as indices of spermatogenic DNA synthesis during each stage of the seminiferous epithelial wave. BrdUrd labelling was found exclusively in the nuclei of spermatogonia and in preleptotene spermatocytes in the seminiferous epithelium. The percent L.T. was generally greater than 50%, except in stages VI, VII and XIV, and the tubular as well as Sertoli cell ratios in BrdUrd-labelled cells was greater than 2.0 and 0.15, respectively, in stages I, II-III, V, VIII, X, and XII. The tubular ratio and Sertoli cell ratio in BrdUrd-labelled cells along the seminiferous epithelial wave had two distinct peaks. The distribution of the tubular ratio using the BrdUrd-labelling technique correlated well with the distribution previously established by measuring tritiated @entity1014 uptake per tubule. Thus, the BrdUrd labelling technique, which is more efficient than the tritiated @entity1014 labelling technique, can be used to quantitatively evaluate spermatogenic DNA synthesis.

title: Quantitative analysis of spermatogenic DNA synthesis in the XXXX using a monoclonal anti- @entity1603 antibody.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity15439 represents the association of a @entity393 with @entity6391 and is the most frequent cause of @entity1018 in @entity1 . It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Some @entity1 show abnormal organization of microtubules in the axoneme of their photoreceptors cells (connecting cilium), nasal ciliar cells and sperm cells, as well as widespread degeneration of the organ of Corti. @entity15439 ( @entity37305 ) is characterized by a profound congenital @entity1274 , constant @entity394 and prepubertal onset of @entity6391 . Of three different genes responsible for @entity37305 . @entity30262 maps to 11q13.5 (ref. 10) and accounts for about 75% of @entity37305 @entity1 . The @entity19 deafness @entity39575 (sh1) mutation has been localized to the homologous @entity19 region. Taking into account the cytoskeletal abnormalities in USH @entity1 , the identification of a gene encoding an unconventional myosin as a candidate for @entity39575 (ref. 14) led us to consider the @entity1 homologue as a good candidate for the gene that is defective in @entity30262 . Here we present evidence that a gene encoding @entity30262 is responsible for @entity30262 . Two different premature stop codons, a six-base-pair deletion and two different missense mutations were detected in five unrelated families. In one of these families, the mutations were identified in both alleles. These mutations, which are located at the @entity1472 -terminal end of the motor domain of the protein, are likely to result in the absence of a functional protein. Thus @entity30262 appears as a primary cytoskeletal protein defect. These results implicate the genes encoding other unconventional myosins and their interacting proteins as candidates for other genetic forms of @entity15439 .

title: Defective XXXX gene responsible for Usher syndrome type 1B.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['deaf-blindness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome type 1', 'Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity30262 :: (4647,Gene) :: ['myosin VIIA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of pre-treatment skin tests and in vitro IgE/IgG4 anti-murine monoclonal antibodies in @entity1 treated with murine monoclonal antibodies. DESIGN: @entity1 treated at two @entity5 institutions were evaluated by skin testing and solid phase immunoassays to detect IgE and IgG4 specific anti-murine monoclonal antibodies. Skin testing by scratch and intradermal skin testing was done on @entity1 before treatment with murine monoclonal antibodies. IgE _ IgG4 specific anti-murine monoclonal antibodies were determined before treatment in all @entity1 and at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days post-treatment in 1 @entity1 . SETTING: @entity5 @entity1 undergoing murine monoclonal antibody treatment in two university medical centers were recruited for the study. @entity1 : Twelve @entity1 , aged 41-75 years with @entity1820 ( @entity96 ) with @entity3 , who had relapses or conventional therapy were enrolled. Some @entity1 had previous exposure to rodents, either as laboratory personnel or had kept them as pets. INTERVENTION: One @entity1 who experienced an anaphylactic reaction to murine monoclonal antibody infusion was desensitized so therapy could continue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Skin tests, immunoassays, and @entity1 history were correlated with adverse reactions to infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. MAIN RESULTS: Skin tests (scratch method) and/or in vitro immunoassays may predict @entity56 outcomes in @entity1 receiving infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. Intradermal skin testing with murine monoclonal antibodies may result in false positive reactions and have less predictive value. Specific IgE or IgG4 were elevated in the two @entity1 who experienced severe adverse reactions to murine monoclonal antibodies but not in those @entity1 with no reactions and therefore, may have some predictive value. A history of past exposure to @entity19 may also increase the risk of adverse reactions. In one @entity1 , intravenous desensitization enabled treatment to proceed. CONCLUSION: Scratch skin tests, in vitro IgE and/or IgG4 immunoassays together with a past history of previous exposure to murine antigen(s) may predict @entity56 to therapy with murine monoclonal antibodies.

title: XXXX to therapeutic murine monoclonal antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['colon, stomach, pancreas or liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['potential allergic reaction', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity']


abstract: We produced arterial thrombi that simulated the clinical condition in @entity235 iliac arteries by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion. The processes of @entity715 formation and thrombolysis were examined by vascular fiberscope. Laminar mural thrombi developed in all 21 preparations 10 minutes after blood reperfusion, with @entity850 formation. Over 50% luminal obstruction with thrombi occurred in 10 preparations 30 minutes after inducing @entity850 . Total occlusion with thrombi occurred in four preparation (31%) at 1 hour, and in all nine at 3 hours after inducing @entity850 . Usually, red @entity715 at the denudated region grew in size distal to the sited of @entity850 . Histologically, thrombi of less than 1 hour duration consisted of a loose fibrin network and those of over 3 hours' duration consisted of a dense fibrin network. Infusion of 144,000 IU of urokinase (UK) reduced the size of thrombi less than 1 hour old during fiberoptic observation. However, UK infusion of similar dose failed to recanalize two of four preparations with 3-hour-old thrombi. In conclusion, arterial thrombi that closely simulate those observed clinically can be made by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion, and the vascular fiberscope provides a useful method for analysis of @entity715 and thrombolysis.

title: Experimental @entity235 arterial XXXX formation and thrombolysis: a fiberoptic study.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: We produced arterial thrombi that simulated the clinical condition in @entity235 iliac arteries by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion. The processes of @entity715 formation and thrombolysis were examined by vascular fiberscope. Laminar mural thrombi developed in all 21 preparations 10 minutes after blood reperfusion, with @entity850 formation. Over 50% luminal obstruction with thrombi occurred in 10 preparations 30 minutes after inducing @entity850 . Total occlusion with thrombi occurred in four preparation (31%) at 1 hour, and in all nine at 3 hours after inducing @entity850 . Usually, red @entity715 at the denudated region grew in size distal to the sited of @entity850 . Histologically, thrombi of less than 1 hour duration consisted of a loose fibrin network and those of over 3 hours' duration consisted of a dense fibrin network. Infusion of 144,000 IU of urokinase (UK) reduced the size of thrombi less than 1 hour old during fiberoptic observation. However, UK infusion of similar dose failed to recanalize two of four preparations with 3-hour-old thrombi. In conclusion, arterial thrombi that closely simulate those observed clinically can be made by endothelial denudation and partial occlusion, and the vascular fiberscope provides a useful method for analysis of @entity715 and thrombolysis.

title: Experimental XXXX arterial @entity715 formation and thrombolysis: a fiberoptic study.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity2778 was given for extended therapy to 22 of 29 @entity1 with frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) complex @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) who had participated in a short-term study of @entity2778 vs placebo. Open-label @entity2778 was given in individually titrated divided doses of 160 to 800 mg/day (median 323, mean 386 mg/day). Response was assessed at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months or until @entity1 discontinuation. The period of @entity2778 therapy averaged 9 months (range, 0.2 to 22.7). At about 1 month, 13 (59%) of 22 @entity1 showed effective control of @entity943 . The median percentage change in total @entity1540 for individual @entity1 at 1 month was -70% and for repetitive @entity1540 it was -95%. At about 6 months, 10 (45%) of the 22 @entity1 continued to be successfully treated; at about 12 months, seven @entity1 continued on @entity2778 , six (27%) successfully treated according to Holter criteria. Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy in nine, adverse effects in four (fatigue in three, @entity1168 with sinus pauses in one), and miscellaneous reasons in two. ECG PR and especially QTc intervals increased significantly during therapy (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively). In summary, @entity2778 is a moderately effective antiarrhythmic agent in @entity1 with complex @entity1540 , but during long-term therapy a rather high dropout rate was observed because of @entity943 recurrence or adverse effects.

title: Long-term experience with @entity2778 in the treatment of complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity2778 was given for extended therapy to 22 of 29 @entity1 with frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) complex @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) who had participated in a short-term study of @entity2778 vs placebo. Open-label @entity2778 was given in individually titrated divided doses of 160 to 800 mg/day (median 323, mean 386 mg/day). Response was assessed at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months or until @entity1 discontinuation. The period of @entity2778 therapy averaged 9 months (range, 0.2 to 22.7). At about 1 month, 13 (59%) of 22 @entity1 showed effective control of @entity943 . The median percentage change in total @entity1540 for individual @entity1 at 1 month was -70% and for repetitive @entity1540 it was -95%. At about 6 months, 10 (45%) of the 22 @entity1 continued to be successfully treated; at about 12 months, seven @entity1 continued on @entity2778 , six (27%) successfully treated according to Holter criteria. Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy in nine, adverse effects in four (fatigue in three, @entity1168 with sinus pauses in one), and miscellaneous reasons in two. ECG PR and especially QTc intervals increased significantly during therapy (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively). In summary, @entity2778 is a moderately effective antiarrhythmic agent in @entity1 with complex @entity1540 , but during long-term therapy a rather high dropout rate was observed because of @entity943 recurrence or adverse effects.

title: Long-term experience with XXXX in the treatment of complex @entity943 .

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: @entity1968 , the active metabolite of @entity4878 ( @entity904 compounds), is thought to act as a gene regulator via ligand-activated transcription factors. In order to investigate possible roles of @entity4878 and @entity554 -controlled gene expression in brain function, we have used immunohistochemistry to localize the possible presence of two intracellular @entity554 -binding proteins, cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I, in the adult @entity35 central nervous system. We find a widespread, yet distinct, presence of these two binding proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Most of the immunoreactivity is neuronal, including cell somata, as well as dendritic and axonal processes and axon terminals. Cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also found in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, the meninges, the choroid plexus, certain ependymal cells, tanocytes and certain other glial elements. The cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity patterns appear to be almost exclusively non-overlapping. Very strong cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is found in the dendritic layers of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. Cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also present in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons and neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Many other areas, e.g. hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala areas, contain networks of varicose cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contains strongly cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-positive neurons. Cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is more restricted in the adult brain. Strong cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is, however, found in a population of medium-sized neurons scattered throughout the striatum, in neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory nerve and in a group of nerve cells close to the third ventricle in hypothalamus. The remarkably selective patterns of cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity discovered in the adult @entity35 brain suggest that @entity4878 have important roles as regulators of gene expression in normal brain function. The high levels of cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity found in hippocampus suggest that one such role might relate to brain plasticity.

title: Localization of cellular XXXX -binding proteins suggests specific roles for @entity4878 in the adult central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'Retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity554 :: (CHEBI:26537,Chemical) :: ['retinoid']


abstract: @entity1968 , the active metabolite of @entity4878 ( @entity904 compounds), is thought to act as a gene regulator via ligand-activated transcription factors. In order to investigate possible roles of @entity4878 and @entity554 -controlled gene expression in brain function, we have used immunohistochemistry to localize the possible presence of two intracellular @entity554 -binding proteins, cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I, in the adult @entity35 central nervous system. We find a widespread, yet distinct, presence of these two binding proteins in the brain and spinal cord. Most of the immunoreactivity is neuronal, including cell somata, as well as dendritic and axonal processes and axon terminals. Cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also found in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, the meninges, the choroid plexus, certain ependymal cells, tanocytes and certain other glial elements. The cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity patterns appear to be almost exclusively non-overlapping. Very strong cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is found in the dendritic layers of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. Cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is also present in layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons and neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Many other areas, e.g. hypothalamic nuclei and amygdala areas, contain networks of varicose cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactive nerve fibers. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contains strongly cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-positive neurons. Cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is more restricted in the adult brain. Strong cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity is, however, found in a population of medium-sized neurons scattered throughout the striatum, in neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory nerve and in a group of nerve cells close to the third ventricle in hypothalamus. The remarkably selective patterns of cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I- and cellular @entity1968 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity discovered in the adult @entity35 brain suggest that @entity4878 have important roles as regulators of gene expression in normal brain function. The high levels of cellular @entity904 -binding protein type I-immunoreactivity found in hippocampus suggest that one such role might relate to brain plasticity.

title: Localization of cellular @entity554 -binding proteins suggests specific roles for XXXX in the adult central nervous system.

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry during walking in conscious @entity35 at moderate speed on a treadmill (4 cm/s) for a 30 s period. During walking rCBF increased in all these three cortices. The rCBF in the parietal cortex started to increase within a few seconds after the start of walking, and continued to increase 42 +/- 16% (mean +/- S.D.) until the end of walking. Within 90 s after walking had ceased, the increased rCBF returned to pre-walking basal levels. The rCBF responses in the frontal and occipital cortices were identical to that in the parietal cortex. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a caudal artery of the tail during walking was increased by about 10%. Injection of @entity3897 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the blood brain barrier (BBB), reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF, as determined by measurement of parietal rCBF, from 42 +/- 12% to 28 +/- 15%. However, injection of @entity9966 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the response of rCBF. Neither drug affected the walking-induced response of MAP. Injection of @entity6959 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the BBB, reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF from 47 +/- 12% to 30 +/- 12%. Injection of @entity4033 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the responses of rCBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices increases independently of systemic arterial pressure during slow walking in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methylatropine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5225 inhibits release of @entity6659 ( @entity6659 ) and @entity398 (OT) from the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system during @entity3485 . We investigated whether opioid peptides mediate the inhibitory effect of water on secretion of these hormones. Conscious male @entity35 were made @entity3485 by @entity548 ( @entity548 , 0.51 ml/min) of 20 and 35% of the blood volume or by injection of either subcutaneous @entity968 ( @entity970 , 20,000 mol wt, 35 ml/kg) or intraperitoneal @entity112 (HIS, 15 mg/kg, 1 ml/kg). Animals were intubated orally 1-4 min ( @entity548 , HIS) or 6.75 h ( @entity970 ) later with or without administration of water (40 ml/kg). Four to seven min after intubation @entity35 were injected with saline (1 ml/kg) or @entity1510 (2 or 5 mg/kg) and then decapitated 6-10 min later. Control animals were treated similarly but were not stimulated by @entity3485 . @entity6659 and OT were extracted from plasma and quantified by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. In @entity548 animals blood pressure fell and plasma osmolality increased, both of which correlated positively with the rise in plasma [ @entity6659 ] and [OT]. @entity5225 lowered the plasma osmolality, attenuated the fall in blood pressure, and reduced [ @entity6659 ] and [OT] in plasma of @entity548 animals. The opiate receptor antagonist, @entity1510 , did not alter these changes in blood pressure or plasma osmolality, or the plasma [ @entity6659 ] after @entity548 in @entity35 treated with or without water. Plasma [OT] was, however, increased by @entity1510 in both normally hydrated and overhydrated @entity35 . Thus, regardless of the hydrational state of the animal, opioid peptides inhibited release of OT but not @entity6659 during @entity548 . Data consistent with this interpretation were also obtained from @entity35 made @entity3485 with @entity970 or HIS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibition of XXXX and OT release by water in @entity3485 is independent of opioid peptides.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'HEM']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['Overhydration']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia', 'hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['VP', 'vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity6659 :: (MESH:D020790,Disease) :: ['VP']


abstract: @entity5225 inhibits release of @entity6659 ( @entity6659 ) and @entity398 (OT) from the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system during @entity3485 . We investigated whether opioid peptides mediate the inhibitory effect of water on secretion of these hormones. Conscious male @entity35 were made @entity3485 by @entity548 ( @entity548 , 0.51 ml/min) of 20 and 35% of the blood volume or by injection of either subcutaneous @entity968 ( @entity970 , 20,000 mol wt, 35 ml/kg) or intraperitoneal @entity112 (HIS, 15 mg/kg, 1 ml/kg). Animals were intubated orally 1-4 min ( @entity548 , HIS) or 6.75 h ( @entity970 ) later with or without administration of water (40 ml/kg). Four to seven min after intubation @entity35 were injected with saline (1 ml/kg) or @entity1510 (2 or 5 mg/kg) and then decapitated 6-10 min later. Control animals were treated similarly but were not stimulated by @entity3485 . @entity6659 and OT were extracted from plasma and quantified by radioimmunoassay. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. In @entity548 animals blood pressure fell and plasma osmolality increased, both of which correlated positively with the rise in plasma [ @entity6659 ] and [OT]. @entity5225 lowered the plasma osmolality, attenuated the fall in blood pressure, and reduced [ @entity6659 ] and [OT] in plasma of @entity548 animals. The opiate receptor antagonist, @entity1510 , did not alter these changes in blood pressure or plasma osmolality, or the plasma [ @entity6659 ] after @entity548 in @entity35 treated with or without water. Plasma [OT] was, however, increased by @entity1510 in both normally hydrated and overhydrated @entity35 . Thus, regardless of the hydrational state of the animal, opioid peptides inhibited release of OT but not @entity6659 during @entity548 . Data consistent with this interpretation were also obtained from @entity35 made @entity3485 with @entity970 or HIS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibition of @entity6659 and OT release by water in XXXX is independent of opioid peptides.

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and effect of @entity25 @entity1353 in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated @entity712 . DESIGN: A prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: Referral sleep laboratory of a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1 : 42 of the 48 eligible @entity1 with stable @entity712 and @entity1002 (left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45%). MEASUREMENTS: After an adaptation night, polysomnography and Holter monitoring were done in the sleep laboratory. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured, and cardiac radionuclide ventriculography and pulmonary, renal, and thyroid function tests were done. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 23) had an hourly rate of @entity386 and @entity387 ( @entity386 - @entity387 index) of 20 episodes per hour or less; group II (n = 19 [45%; CI, 30% to 60%]) had an index of more than 20 episodes per hour. In group II, the index varied from 26.5 to 82.2 episodes per hour (mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 13 episodes per hour; CI, 38 to 51 episodes per hour). Group II had significantly more arousals (24 +/- 12 compared with 3 +/- 3 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of @entity386 and @entity387 , longer periods of time with an arterial @entity7672 saturation of less than 90% (23% +/- 24% of total sleep time compared with 2% +/- 4%), lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep (74% +/- 13% compared with 87% +/- 4%), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (22% +/- 9% compared with 30% +/- 10%), and a significantly increased number of episodes of nocturnal @entity943 . Multiple regression analyses showed that @entity1002 was an independent risk factor for @entity387 in @entity1 with @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of severe occult @entity25 @entity1353 is high in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated chronic @entity712 . The @entity1353 episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. Severe untreated @entity25 @entity1353 may adversely affect left ventricular function, resulting in a vicious cycle that could contribute to @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 . Prospective, longitudinal studies on survival are needed.

title: Occult @entity25 @entity1353 in stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and effect of @entity25 @entity1353 in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated @entity712 . DESIGN: A prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: Referral sleep laboratory of a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1 : 42 of the 48 eligible @entity1 with stable @entity712 and @entity1002 (left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45%). MEASUREMENTS: After an adaptation night, polysomnography and Holter monitoring were done in the sleep laboratory. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured, and cardiac radionuclide ventriculography and pulmonary, renal, and thyroid function tests were done. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 23) had an hourly rate of @entity386 and @entity387 ( @entity386 - @entity387 index) of 20 episodes per hour or less; group II (n = 19 [45%; CI, 30% to 60%]) had an index of more than 20 episodes per hour. In group II, the index varied from 26.5 to 82.2 episodes per hour (mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 13 episodes per hour; CI, 38 to 51 episodes per hour). Group II had significantly more arousals (24 +/- 12 compared with 3 +/- 3 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of @entity386 and @entity387 , longer periods of time with an arterial @entity7672 saturation of less than 90% (23% +/- 24% of total sleep time compared with 2% +/- 4%), lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep (74% +/- 13% compared with 87% +/- 4%), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (22% +/- 9% compared with 30% +/- 10%), and a significantly increased number of episodes of nocturnal @entity943 . Multiple regression analyses showed that @entity1002 was an independent risk factor for @entity387 in @entity1 with @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of severe occult @entity25 @entity1353 is high in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated chronic @entity712 . The @entity1353 episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. Severe untreated @entity25 @entity1353 may adversely affect left ventricular function, resulting in a vicious cycle that could contribute to @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 . Prospective, longitudinal studies on survival are needed.

title: Occult XXXX @entity1353 in stable @entity712 .

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and effect of @entity25 @entity1353 in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated @entity712 . DESIGN: A prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: Referral sleep laboratory of a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. @entity1 : 42 of the 48 eligible @entity1 with stable @entity712 and @entity1002 (left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45%). MEASUREMENTS: After an adaptation night, polysomnography and Holter monitoring were done in the sleep laboratory. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured, and cardiac radionuclide ventriculography and pulmonary, renal, and thyroid function tests were done. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 23) had an hourly rate of @entity386 and @entity387 ( @entity386 - @entity387 index) of 20 episodes per hour or less; group II (n = 19 [45%; CI, 30% to 60%]) had an index of more than 20 episodes per hour. In group II, the index varied from 26.5 to 82.2 episodes per hour (mean +/- SD, 44 +/- 13 episodes per hour; CI, 38 to 51 episodes per hour). Group II had significantly more arousals (24 +/- 12 compared with 3 +/- 3 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of @entity386 and @entity387 , longer periods of time with an arterial @entity7672 saturation of less than 90% (23% +/- 24% of total sleep time compared with 2% +/- 4%), lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep (74% +/- 13% compared with 87% +/- 4%), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (22% +/- 9% compared with 30% +/- 10%), and a significantly increased number of episodes of nocturnal @entity943 . Multiple regression analyses showed that @entity1002 was an independent risk factor for @entity387 in @entity1 with @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of severe occult @entity25 @entity1353 is high in ambulatory @entity1 with stable, optimally treated chronic @entity712 . The @entity1353 episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. Severe untreated @entity25 @entity1353 may adversely affect left ventricular function, resulting in a vicious cycle that could contribute to @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 . Prospective, longitudinal studies on survival are needed.

title: Occult @entity25 XXXX in stable @entity712 .

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine prescribing patterns for the pharmacological treatment of @entity161 in a sample of Argentinean psychiatrists and to compare some results with those obtained in a previous survey done on a similar population. METHODS: A self-administered survey was conducted among psychiatrists who attended a conference of psychopharmacology held in August 2012 in Buenos Aires city. Answers were analyzed descriptively and some of them were compared with results of another survey done in 2006 in a psychiatry conference. RESULTS: Ninety six percent of the surveyed psychiatrists considered that every @entity161 @entity1 with an acute episode must be pharmacologically treated. For the acute and chronic treatment of positive symptoms most psychiatrists chose @entity1090 , @entity1767 , @entity1037 and @entity1089 . In contrast, for the chronic treatment of negative symptomatology, physicians preferred @entity1090 , @entity1770 , @entity1037 , @entity1089 and @entity1088 . An increased choice of @entity1089 and @entity1770 was observed between this survey and the previous one. Sixty four percent of respondents reported using antipsychotic combination, similar as assessed in the previous survey. Most preferred to maintain pharmacological treatment during the pregnancy, although changing the antipsychotic to @entity1767 . Ninety eight percent stated that they use some kind of psychotherapy in the treatment. CONCLUSION: In the pharmacological treatment of @entity161 , similarities between reported clinical practice and current treatment guidelines were observed. There were no significant differences in the prescription patterns referred by psychiatrists between 2006 and 2012.

title: [Prescription patterns in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor pH in 2-day-old @entity2413 after administration of a long-acting, @entity1132 -containing @entity1242 tablet (Suscard). The tablet was placed under the lip of the maxilla. This was done both in two older subjects suffering from @entity299 and in 10 younger, healthy subjects. In the latter group, a @entity969 -containing lozenge was used as a control. The influence of a 5-wk period of daily use of Suscard (in the two elderly subjects) and the effect of normal oral hygiene procedures (in the 10 younger subjects) on the pH response was also studied. Plaque pH was measured in situ up to 1 h, at five different approximal sites in the front region of the maxilla by the micro-touch method. The Suscard tablet resulted in a @entity8487 in both groups when teeth had not been brushed for 2 days. The lowest pH was recorded at the sites close to where the tablet had been placed. The most attenuated pH drop was found in the two older subjects, who showed a mean minimum pH of 5.7, as compared with 6.2 for the younger subjects. No further increase in the pH fall from Suscard was seen after the 5-wk period in the two @entity1 with @entity299 . In the 10 younger healthy subjects, the most pronounced pH decrease was registered after administration of the @entity969 -containing lozenge. The pH drop for Suscard was not significant when normal oral hygiene procedures preceded the test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of buccal administration of a @entity1132 -containing XXXX tablet (Suscard) on plaque pH.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['fall in plaque pH']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart problems']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor pH in 2-day-old @entity2413 after administration of a long-acting, @entity1132 -containing @entity1242 tablet (Suscard). The tablet was placed under the lip of the maxilla. This was done both in two older subjects suffering from @entity299 and in 10 younger, healthy subjects. In the latter group, a @entity969 -containing lozenge was used as a control. The influence of a 5-wk period of daily use of Suscard (in the two elderly subjects) and the effect of normal oral hygiene procedures (in the 10 younger subjects) on the pH response was also studied. Plaque pH was measured in situ up to 1 h, at five different approximal sites in the front region of the maxilla by the micro-touch method. The Suscard tablet resulted in a @entity8487 in both groups when teeth had not been brushed for 2 days. The lowest pH was recorded at the sites close to where the tablet had been placed. The most attenuated pH drop was found in the two older subjects, who showed a mean minimum pH of 5.7, as compared with 6.2 for the younger subjects. No further increase in the pH fall from Suscard was seen after the 5-wk period in the two @entity1 with @entity299 . In the 10 younger healthy subjects, the most pronounced pH decrease was registered after administration of the @entity969 -containing lozenge. The pH drop for Suscard was not significant when normal oral hygiene procedures preceded the test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of buccal administration of a XXXX -containing @entity1242 tablet (Suscard) on plaque pH.

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['lactose']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) from @entity14 has been improved with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, benefits of postoperative chemotherapy (CT) are unclear. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study included 231 @entity1 treated by @entity1104 and HIPEC for isolated @entity298 of @entity694 in four expert's centers. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRFS) were compared between @entity1 with adjuvant CT (started within 3  months after surgery) and @entity1 with surveillance only. RESULTS: After exclusion of 10 @entity1 for early postoperative @entity204 (4  %), 221 @entity1 were included (CT group: n  =  151; surveillance group: n  =  70). Main postoperative CT regimens (median of 6 cycles) were Folfox (28  %), Folfiri bevacizumab (24.5  %), Folfiri (16  %), and Folfiri cetuximab (12.5  %). The median OS after surgery was 43.3  months with no difference between CT and surveillance groups. In multivariate analysis, a low peritoneal @entity5 index (p  <  0.0001) and a long delay between diagnosis of @entity2723 and HIPEC (p  =  0.001) were associated with increased OS. The median PFS and PRFS were 12.4 and 17  months, respectively. At 1  year, more @entity1 were without progression (p  =  0.001) or @entity298 recurrence (0.0004) in the CT group, but with prolonged follow-up this difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative CT does not improve OS after @entity1104 and HIPEC for @entity694 . However, a transient effect on PFS and PRFS was observed. A subgroup of @entity1 who may benefit more from CT remain to be defined.

title: Early Postoperative Chemotherapy After Complete Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for @entity298 of XXXX : A Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomatosis', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']