abstract: CONTEXT: To enable study of @entity5 journey, we need to be able to select and map validated measures through the @entity5 trajectory. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of self-report measures for identifying clinically significant levels of @entity5 @entity1 trajectory. METHODS: Electronic searches of Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, EmBase, The Cochrane Library, AMED, BNI, ASSIA, and Web of Science were undertaken. Only studies of self-report measures that used validated diagnostic tools for @entity146 diagnosis as the criterion measure were included. We then further limited our focus to those papers that specified a trajectory stage. RESULTS: Forty-eight different self-report measures were reported in the 85 papers identified. The @entity308 ( @entity308 ) was the most frequently reported measure (23 times). Several other measures were reported between two and four times, but most (37) measures were reported only once. Twenty-two of the 85 included papers reported measure performance by trajectory stage. Best performing measures based on validation data available could be identified for each trajectory stage: for pretreatment, the @entity308 for identifying @entity308 ; during treatment, the @entity308 and Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) together for identifying clinically significant distress; post-treatment, the @entity308 for identifying @entity308 ; and at recurrence and during the palliative phase, the Brief Edinburgh @entity308 Scale (BEDS) for identifying @entity308 . CONCLUSION: No single measure had evidence to support use throughout the illness trajectory in a longitudinal study, but the @entity308 , in combination with the MHI-5, was supported during the @entity5 treatment phase, and BEDS in the palliative care phase.

title: Identifying psychological distress at key stages of the XXXX illness trajectory: a systematic review of validated self-report measures.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress along the cancer', 'cancer', 'psychological distress across the cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['HADS', 'Depression', 'Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity1 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity11 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity1 had recurrence or progression of the @entity5 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity1 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity1 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity5 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity1 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity5 . In 5 @entity1 residual and measurable @entity5 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity1 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity11 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity11 with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase gene followed by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity4540 :: (MESH:D015774,Chemical) :: ['ganciclovir']


abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity1 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity11 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity1 had recurrence or progression of the @entity5 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity1 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity1 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity5 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity1 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity5 . In 5 @entity1 residual and measurable @entity5 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity1 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity11 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity11 with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex XXXX kinase gene followed by @entity4540 .

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: Between November 1998 and December 2001, we treated 14 @entity1 with advanced recurrent high-grade @entity11 with a total dose of 4.6 x 10(8), 4.6 x 10(9), 4.6 x 10(10), or 4.6 x 10(11) viral particles (VP) of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector harboring the herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene driven by the adenoviral major late promoter (IG.Ad.MLPI.TK), followed by @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. The VP-to-infectious-unit ratio was 40. The vector was administered by 50 intraoperative wound-bed injections of 0.2 ml each (total volume 10 ml). The study's primary objective was to determine the safety of this treatment and establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Injection of all doses of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK followed by GCV was safely tolerated and MTD was not reached. All @entity1 had recurrence or progression of the @entity5 1-24 months (median 3.5 months) after gene therapy. The overall median survival was 4 months. Four @entity1 survived longer than 1 year following gene therapy. One @entity1 is still alive, with histologically confirmed progression of the @entity5 , 29 months after treatment. Ten @entity1 died within 8 months of treatment, all from progression of the @entity5 . In 5 @entity1 residual and measurable @entity5 was visible on the direct (<48 h) postoperative MRI. No objective radiological response was documented on subsequent MRI. None of the @entity1 came to autopsy. In conclusion, the administration of 4.6 x 10(11) VP of IG.Ad.MLPI.TK by 50 injections into the wound bed following resection of recurrent @entity11 , followed by GCV treatment, was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of relapsed XXXX with an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex @entity1014 kinase gene followed by @entity4540 .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The humerus is a common site for @entity3 . Intramedullary nail fixation has been reported to be the best form of fixation for this disease but complications occur. This study aimed to assess the use of a new humeral nail to treat pathological @entity174 and impending pathological @entity174 of the humerus. METHODS: 29 @entity1 received 31 Austofix locked intramedullary humeral nails: 25 for pathological @entity174 and 6 for impending @entity174 ; 24 nails were inserted anterograde and 7 retrograde. Cement augmentation was applied in 4 @entity1 , and adjuvant therapy was used in 28 @entity1 . Complications occurred in 12 @entity1 . RESULTS: Fixation failed in 6 @entity1 : 2 due to intraoperative @entity174 during retrograde nailing, one due to a @entity174 through screw holes postoperatively, and 3 due to local progression of disease. Difficulty in distal locking of the nail was encountered in 4 @entity1 . Locked intramedullary nailing resulted in a stable humerus in 80% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Retrograde insertion of the nail is associated with an increased risk of intra-operative @entity174 , and disease progression can occur, despite the administration of adjuvant therapy.

title: Treatment of pathological XXXX of the humerus with a locked intramedullary nail.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that @entity1968 (RA) may be therapeutic for @entity1204 . However, the downstream target genes and pathways triggered by ligand-activated @entity4879 ( @entity4879 ) in @entity1204 cells are largely unknown. In this study, @entity2454 , flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assays were used to assess the roles of RA and the RA agonist ( @entity50029 ) in the growth of @entity1204 cells. Illumina-based microarray expression profiling of endometrial Ishikawa cells incubated with and without @entity50029 for 1, 3, and 6h was performed. We found that both RA and @entity50029 markedly inhibited @entity1204 cell proliferation, while knockdown of @entity4879 could block @entity50029 inhibition. Knockdown of @entity4879 significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and @entity588 protein levels. Incubation of Ishikawa cells with or without @entity50029 followed by microarray expression profiling showed that 12768 genes out of 47296 gene probes were differentially expressed with significant P values. We found that 90 genes were the most regulated genes with the most significant P value (P<0.0001) using F-test. We selected four highly regulated genes with diverse functions, namely @entity16142 , @entity72286 , @entity7379 , and @entity34592 . Real-time PCR verified that @entity50029 highly regulated these genes, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay demonstrated that ligand-activated @entity4879 interacted with the promoter of these genes in intact @entity1204 cells. @entity50029 also significantly altered 18 pathways including those related to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, @entity50029 treatment of Ishikawa cells causes the differential expression of a number of @entity4879 target genes and activation of signaling pathways. These pathways could, therefore, mediate the carcinogenesis of @entity1 @entity1204 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity1204 via multiple genomic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['Retinoic acid']


abstract: Previous studies have indicated that @entity1968 (RA) may be therapeutic for @entity1204 . However, the downstream target genes and pathways triggered by ligand-activated @entity4879 ( @entity4879 ) in @entity1204 cells are largely unknown. In this study, @entity2454 , flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assays were used to assess the roles of RA and the RA agonist ( @entity50029 ) in the growth of @entity1204 cells. Illumina-based microarray expression profiling of endometrial Ishikawa cells incubated with and without @entity50029 for 1, 3, and 6h was performed. We found that both RA and @entity50029 markedly inhibited @entity1204 cell proliferation, while knockdown of @entity4879 could block @entity50029 inhibition. Knockdown of @entity4879 significantly increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen and @entity588 protein levels. Incubation of Ishikawa cells with or without @entity50029 followed by microarray expression profiling showed that 12768 genes out of 47296 gene probes were differentially expressed with significant P values. We found that 90 genes were the most regulated genes with the most significant P value (P<0.0001) using F-test. We selected four highly regulated genes with diverse functions, namely @entity16142 , @entity72286 , @entity7379 , and @entity34592 . Real-time PCR verified that @entity50029 highly regulated these genes, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay demonstrated that ligand-activated @entity4879 interacted with the promoter of these genes in intact @entity1204 cells. @entity50029 also significantly altered 18 pathways including those related to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, @entity50029 treatment of Ishikawa cells causes the differential expression of a number of @entity4879 target genes and activation of signaling pathways. These pathways could, therefore, mediate the carcinogenesis of @entity1 @entity1204 .

title: @entity1968 inhibits XXXX via multiple genomic mechanisms.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer cell growth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of knee effusion on the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Single medical center. @entity1 : Forty subjects with knee @entity571 were assigned to a experimental (n  =  20) or control (n  =  20) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps torque and root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured during a maximal isometric contraction at 60   knee flexion. Thereafter, 20  mL of normal saline was injected into the knee joint of the experimental group. Quadriceps torque and RMS values were again measured. RESULTS: Five subjects did not complete the study. No significant difference in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity was observed at baseline, pre-effusion, or post-effusion measures in either group. The experimental group showed no significant change in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity in any period compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a 20  ml joint effusion did not affect peak torque or RMS values of the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Effects of joint effusion on quadriceps muscles in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of knee effusion on the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Single medical center. @entity1 : Forty subjects with knee @entity571 were assigned to a experimental (n  =  20) or control (n  =  20) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps torque and root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured during a maximal isometric contraction at 60   knee flexion. Thereafter, 20  mL of normal saline was injected into the knee joint of the experimental group. Quadriceps torque and RMS values were again measured. RESULTS: Five subjects did not complete the study. No significant difference in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity was observed at baseline, pre-effusion, or post-effusion measures in either group. The experimental group showed no significant change in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity in any period compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a 20  ml joint effusion did not affect peak torque or RMS values of the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Effects of joint effusion on quadriceps muscles in XXXX with @entity626 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disruption of the axonal transport of neurotrophic factors plays a critical role in the apoptosis of @entity2479 cells (RGCs) in @entity1781 . Live-cell imaging in vitro was used in this study, to visualize and evaluate the axonal transport of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ) in both living and axon-damaged RGCs. METHODS: @entity35 RGCs were purified by a two-step immunopanning method. Cultivated RGCs were transfected with a plasmid encoding @entity2136 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the dynamics of @entity2136 in the axons and dendrites were analyzed by time-lapse imaging. Changes in the axonal transport of @entity2136 were examined after treatment with 1 mM @entity3812 , and @entity204 after treatment was evaluated with @entity5611 homodimer-1. RESULTS: The expression of @entity2136 showed a vesicular pattern in the axons and dendrites of cultivated RGCs. Time-lapse imaging revealed that the mean velocity of @entity2136 in the axons (0.86    0.37  m/s; maximum = 2.03  m/s) was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than that in the dendrites (mean = 0.49    0.19  m/s). @entity3812 significantly inhibited the axonal transport of @entity2136 -GFP at 2 and 3 hours after treatment (P = 0.003 and 0.0002, respectively) without affecting cell viability; however, @entity204 was detected 24 hours after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Live-cell imaging revealed the dynamics of the axonal transport of @entity2136 in living RGCs, which clearly differed from the movements in dendrites. Furthermore, it was possible to confirm the disruption of axonal transport in @entity3812 -treated RGCs before cell death.

title: Dynamic imaging of axonal transport in living XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF-GFP']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine', 'Colchicine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['RGC death']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In comparison to more differentiated cells, @entity263 stem-like cells are radioresistant, which could explain radio-recurrent @entity263 . Improvement of radiotherapeutic efficacy may therefore require combination therapy. We have investigated the consequences of treating primary prostate epithelial cells with gamma irradiation and photodynamic therapy (PDT), both of which act through production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Primary prostate epithelial cells were cultured from @entity1 samples of @entity1067 and @entity263 prior to treatment with PDT or gamma irradiation. Cell viability was measured using @entity98 and alamar blue assay, and cell recovery by colony-forming assays. Immunofluorescence of gamma-H2AX foci was used to quantify DNA damage, and autophagy and apoptosis were assessed using Western blots. Necrosis and senescence were measured by @entity2667 staining and @entity1194 staining, respectively. Both PDT and gamma irradiation reduced the colony-forming ability of primary prostate epithelial cells. PDT reduced the viability of all types of cells in the cultures, including stem-like cells and more differentiated cells. PDT induced @entity39 and autophagy, whereas gamma irradiation induced senescence, but neither treatment induced apoptosis. PDT and gamma irradiation therefore inhibit cell growth by different mechanisms. We suggest these treatments would be suitable for use in combination as sequential treatments against @entity263 .

title: Mechanisms of growth inhibition of primary prostate epithelial cells following gamma irradiation or photodynamic therapy include senescence, XXXX , and autophagy, but not apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Comparison of functional radiographs in consecutive @entity1 with @entity1643 with or without @entity158 on sitting down and relieved by standing up. OBJECTIVES: To detect radiologic signs possibly associated with a clinical symptom. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No link has been established between increased vertebral mobility and a specific @entity158 pattern or a clinical symptom. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 seen consecutively with @entity1643 occurring immediately on sitting down and relieved on standing up were compared with 32 controls whose @entity1643 did not show this pattern. Dynamic radiographs were taken in extension, erect, flexion, and sitting in the @entity158 position. The segments thought to be responsible for the @entity158 were identified by comparing clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance data. Endplate angles, rotation, and translation were measured. The radiographs were read twice each by two independent observers. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent (95% confidence interval, 72-99%) of the @entity1 with the symptom were female. The segments identified as the source of @entity158 were as follows: L4-L5 in 20 cases and L1-L2 to L3-L4 in 22 cases. Mean rotation of these segments was 13.9 +/- 4.5 degrees in the @entity1 group versus 7.5 +/- 4.3 degrees in the control group (P < 0.001). In 14% of the @entity1 (vs. 3% of controls), it exceeded 20 degrees (P = 0.13). Anterior or posterior translation >10% was seen in 31% of the @entity1 (vs. 0% of controls; P < 0.001). In flexion, the endplate angle was -5.2 +/- 3.6 degrees ( @entity1 ) versus 1.2 +/- 5.7 degrees (controls) (P < 0.01) and <-5 degrees in 55% of @entity1 versus 12.5% of controls (P < 0.001). This value of <-5 degrees was associated with marked anterior loss of disc space. CONCLUSION: @entity1643 occurring immediately on sitting down and relieved on standing up was statistically associated with instability (specificity 100%, sensitivity 31%) or marked anterior loss of disc space in flexion (specificity 87%, sensitivity 55%).

title: XXXX immediately upon sitting down and relieved by standing up is often associated with radiologic lumbar instability or marked anterior loss of disc space.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: In a retrospective study of @entity1 18 years of age and younger over a 28-year period, 48 @entity1 had @entity788 . @entity158 , @entity390 , and @entity391 were present in 90%. @entity12828 was present in 34 @entity1 ; elevated amylase/creatinine clearance ratio was helpful in diagnosing ten others. In four @entity1 , @entity788 was diagnosed at laparotomy. Etiology of the @entity788 was @entity3762 in 16, drug-induced in 12, all of whom had received corticosteroids. Nine developed @entity788 after @entity130 ; seven had obstruction of the pancreaticobiliary drainage system. Two @entity1 developed @entity788 in association with @entity295 , and two had recurrent @entity4306 . Thirty of the 48 @entity1 were managed nonoperatively while operations were required in 18. Seven had drainage of @entity9007 , four had a pancreatectomy, and four underwent laparotomy with debridement and @entity39 . Bilioenteric bypass procedures were performed to prevent recurrent @entity788 in three @entity1 ; while duodenojenjunostomy sphincteroplasty and cholecystectomy were performed in one @entity1 each. Cure was achieved in 38 of 48 @entity1 treated for @entity788 and its complications; each subsequently grew and developed normally. @entity548 occurred in seven @entity1 , six of whom died. Seven @entity204 occurred, all in the medically treated group. Fifteen of the 18 @entity1 treated operatively did well in long-term follow-up. Although rare, @entity788 is a serious cause of @entity490 in childhood; almost half of the @entity1 will benefit from operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgical management of XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of necrotic pancreas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

entities_list: @entity4306 :: ('MESH:C537262', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relapse pattern and influence of second-line treatment after recurrence of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) in @entity1 who had previously undergone multimodality treatment. METHODS: Between September 1999 and December 2013, 136 @entity1 underwent macroscopic complete resection (MCR) by extrapleural pneumonectomy after induction chemotherapy for @entity3620 . We analysed 106 @entity1 who presented with recurrent disease until October 2014. Data were retrieved from our @entity2615 database, with additional information regarding precise localization gathered by reviewing the imaging and medical records. RESULTS: The overall recurrence rate was 78% (106/136 @entity1 ). The median freedom from recurrence was 9 months after surgery [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 7-10]. Local recurrence only was observed in 33 @entity1 (31%), distant metastases only in 27 @entity1 (26%) and simultaneous distant and local recurrence in 46 @entity1 (43%). Local recurrence was observed significantly less frequently in @entity1 having received adjuvant radiotherapy (19 vs 47%, P = 0.003), but there was no significant impact on overall survival (OS) [radiation: 22 months (95% CI 19-24); no-radiation: 23 months (95% CI 18-27), P = 0.6]. The median OS was 22 months (95% CI 21-24), median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7 months (95% CI 5-9) and @entity1 with local recurrence only survived significantly longer (12 months, 95% CI 8-16) compared with @entity1 with distant recurrence only (5 months, 95% CI 2-8) or distant plus local relapse (6 months, 95% CI 3-9; P = 0.04). A total of 78 @entity1 received a second-line therapy after @entity5 recurrence: chemotherapy (n = 48), local radiotherapy (n = 9), surgery (n = 10) or a combination thereof (n = 11). @entity1 undergoing second-line treatment survived significantly longer compared with @entity1 not receiving therapy (P < 0.0005). The median @entity1349 after surgery was significantly longer than that of @entity1 receiving chemo-, radio- or chemo-radiotherapy (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Local recurrence of @entity3620 remains the most frequent type of relapse even after multimodality treatment including MCR. In the present cohort, active treatment seems beneficial to the @entity1 since surgical excision of local @entity5 relapse has good long-term outcome in selected @entity1 . Thus, second-line treatment may prolong @entity1349 ; however, these results need to be confirmed in a prospective manner.

title: Relapse pattern and second-line treatment following multimodality treatment for XXXX   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PRS', 'post-recurrence survival']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: The paper reviews occurrence, diagnostic tools venous @entity1031 . Cost effectiveness of preventive measures for @entity49 and @entity1151 in general surgery is analysed. The study included 45 @entity1 who underwent elective (21) and urgent (24) abdominal and pelvic interventions. Each @entity1 was examined with ultrasonic with color Doppler imaging before and 8-10 days after surgery. @entity1150 of lower limbs was diagnosed in 11.1%, most of cases being asymptomatic. Ultrasonic angioscanning appeared to be an acute and reliable diagnostic tool for this pathology. Various approaches to the management of @entity1 at thrombotic risk are reviewed. Cost effectiveness analysis of anticoagulation prevention for @entity1211 must address the problem: is prevention outcome worth those extra efforts? Surveillance of 500 @entity1 at high thrombotic risk has shown that preventive use of low weight heparin ( @entity2120 ) is economically beneficial then conventional @entity6950 , the more in the absence of special preventive strategy. Targeted prevention in @entity1 with different risk of @entity1211 can yield more then 3-fold reduction in occurrence of these complications.

title: [The problem of XXXX in general surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative venous thromboembolic complications']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['postoperative venous thromboembolic complications']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vivo feline preparation groups loaded into lumbar flexion at different magnitudes and an unloaded control group. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that a static, constant load flexion of the lumbar spine results in a @entity4094 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Epidemiology suggests that static lumbar flexion is a cause of @entity1643 . There is little direct experimental evidence describing the physiologic and biomechanical processes that elicit the disorder. Recent evidence shows that static flexion of the spine under constant displacement results in muscular @entity2473 and a prolonged recovery period. The response of the spine to flexion under constant load of various magnitudes (as opposed to constant displacement) is not known. It was hypothesized that static lumbar flexion under constant load may elicit creep in spinal ligaments, discs, etc., causing microdamage and development of a @entity4094 . METHODS: The lumbar spine of the feline was subjected to 20 minutes of constant load static flexion at physiologic load intensities from light to heavy while creep of lumbar viscoelastic tissues and EMG from the multifidus muscles of L3-L4 to L5-L6 were recorded. Recordings were continued over a 7-hour rest period after the static flexion was terminated. RESULTS: Spasms and decreasing reflexive EMG were evident during the loading period, and a transient surge of EMG activity occurred at the beginning of the rest period. A second surge of EMG activity was seen 3-4 hours later. The four components of the @entity4094 were present regardless of the load magnitude. A model was developed to quantify the disorder. CONCLUSION: @entity4094 was elicited by a 20-minute constant load static flexion even when very light loads were applied. The disorder was elicited by creep of the viscoelastic tissues, which resulted in @entity2473 and muscular hyperexcitability lasting for >24 hours. Although the disorder was transient, the physiologic and biomechanical principles associated with its development could also explain cumulative @entity74 .

title: Biomechanics and electromyography of a common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder', 'A four-component neuromuscular disorder', 'complex neuromuscular disorder']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['trauma disorders']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['idiopathic low back disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The early phase after liver transplant is considered the period of greatest risk for graft failure. In recent years breath tests have been proposed as a non-invasive method to assess liver function. In particular, the @entity17690 breath test is useful for evaluating the liver viable mass, and the @entity1853 breath test could be used to evaluate oxidative capacity of liver mitochondria. We aimed to perform these tests in the early phase following liver transplant in order to correlate the time course of these tests to the outcome of transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 undergoing liver transplant were enrolled. The @entity1853 and @entity17690 breath tests were performed on the days 1, 3 and 5, and 2, 4 and 6, respectively, after transplant. Results were expressed as the percentage of administered @entity7352 recovered per hour and as the cumulative percentage of the @entity7352 dose recovered over the test period. RESULTS: All but two transplants were successful in the short term and the cumulative percentage of the dose of @entity7352 progressively increased after transplantation, reaching values not significantly different from controls ( @entity1853 at day 5). In two @entity1 , primary non-function occurred: in these @entity1 the cumulative percentage of the @entity7352 dose did not increase after orthotopic liver transplant and the results of both breath tests indicated that it always remained significantly lower compared to that of other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of breath tests, exploring both mitochondrial and microsomal function, could be useful in the early phase after liver transplant in order to evaluate the graft outcome.

title: Quantitative evaluation of liver function by the XXXX and @entity17690 breath tests in the early stages of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The early phase after liver transplant is considered the period of greatest risk for graft failure. In recent years breath tests have been proposed as a non-invasive method to assess liver function. In particular, the @entity17690 breath test is useful for evaluating the liver viable mass, and the @entity1853 breath test could be used to evaluate oxidative capacity of liver mitochondria. We aimed to perform these tests in the early phase following liver transplant in order to correlate the time course of these tests to the outcome of transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 undergoing liver transplant were enrolled. The @entity1853 and @entity17690 breath tests were performed on the days 1, 3 and 5, and 2, 4 and 6, respectively, after transplant. Results were expressed as the percentage of administered @entity7352 recovered per hour and as the cumulative percentage of the @entity7352 dose recovered over the test period. RESULTS: All but two transplants were successful in the short term and the cumulative percentage of the dose of @entity7352 progressively increased after transplantation, reaching values not significantly different from controls ( @entity1853 at day 5). In two @entity1 , primary non-function occurred: in these @entity1 the cumulative percentage of the @entity7352 dose did not increase after orthotopic liver transplant and the results of both breath tests indicated that it always remained significantly lower compared to that of other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A combination of breath tests, exploring both mitochondrial and microsomal function, could be useful in the early phase after liver transplant in order to evaluate the graft outcome.

title: Quantitative evaluation of liver function by the @entity1853 and XXXX breath tests in the early stages of liver transplantation.

answer: @entity17690 :: (MESH:D000632,Chemical) :: ['aminopyrine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1779 can be genetically determined and/or part of complex syndromes. When the defect is detected during pregnancy, it important to rule out an associated @entity74 . Family history and detailed examination of fetal anatomy are needed. DISCUSSION: @entity1592 , as well as @entity4218 (especially polydactyly) are strong indicators of a @entity74 in the context of a fetal @entity1779 . A standard chromosomal analysis is needed in all cases. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques using locus-specific probes that permit the detection of subtle chromosomal rearrangements and metabolic analyses may be indicated when a specific condition is suspected. As for molecular analyses, they have so far been mainly applicable to pregnancies at risk of a known disorder because of family history. The diagnosis consists of determining whether the fetus has inherited the causative mutation identified in the index case. When termination of pregnancy is elicited, a careful prenatal and postnatal examination is needed in order to give accurate genetic counseling for further pregnancies. Storage of fetal material allowing further molecular analyses is strongly recommended.

title: Screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['Intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral malformations', 'cerebral malformation']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic disorders']


abstract: Previously using a series of monovalent vaccines, we demonstrated that the optimal method for inducing an antibody response against @entity5 cell-surface antigens is covalent conjugation of the antigens to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and the use of a @entity3857 adjuvant. We have prepared a heptavalent-KLH conjugate vaccine containing the seven epithelial @entity5 antigens GM2, Globo H, Lewis(y), TF(c), @entity15670 , @entity9221 (c), and glycosylated @entity2355 . In preparation for testing this vaccine in the clinic, we tested the impact on antibody induction of administering the individual conjugates plus adjuvant compared with a mixture of the seven conjugates plus adjuvant, and of several variables thought to augment immunogenicity. These include approaches for decreasing suppressor cell activity or increasing helper T-lymphocyte activity (low dose @entity786 or anti- @entity4386 MAb), different @entity3857 adjuvants at various doses ( @entity17080 and @entity35650 ), and different methods of formulation (lyophilization and use of @entity6496 80). We find that: (1). Immunization with the heptavalent-KLH conjugate plus @entity35650 vaccine induces antibodies against the seven antigens of comparable titer to those induced by the individual-KLH conjugate vaccines, high titers of antibodies against Tn (median ELISA titer IgM/IgG 320/10240), @entity9221 (640/5120), TF (320/10240), @entity2355 (80/20480), and globo H (640/40); while lower titers of antibodies against Lewis(y)()(160/0) and only occasional antibodies against GM2 are induced. (2). These antibodies reacted with the purified synthetic antigens by ELISA, and with naturally expressed antigens on the @entity5 cell surface by FACS. (3). None of the approaches for further altering the suppressor cell/helper T-cell balance nor changes to the standard formulation by lyophilization or use of @entity6496 80 had any impact on antibody titers. (4). An optimal dose of @entity3857 adjuvant, @entity17080 (50 microg) or @entity35650 (1000 microg), is required for optimal antibody titers. This heptavalent vaccine is sufficiently optimized for testing in the clinic.

title: A preclinical study comparing approaches for augmenting the immunogenicity of a heptavalent KLH-conjugate vaccine against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6496 :: ('CHEBI:53426', 'Chemical') :: ['polysorbate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['epithelial cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can provide insights into @entity5 survivors' physical and mental functioning, their social relationships, and perceptions of their health and well-being. Understanding factors associated with HRQOL may help identify those who are at greater risk for diminished functioning and improve targeted delivery of health promotion programs. This analysis sought to assess sociodemographic and medical factors associated with HRQOL among @entity14 survivors and factors that may put survivors at risk for poor functioning. In addition, associations between BMI and physical activity and HRQOL were explored. METHODS: Data from a cross-sectional study of health behaviors among 593 long-term @entity14 survivors recruited through the California @entity5 Registry in early 2010 were analyzed in late 2014 to early 2015. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with physical, mental, and overall HRQOL. RESULTS: The mean physical and mental HRQOL scores of survivors were 46.88 and 42.28, respectively, and lower than the population norm (50). Being older, having more comorbid conditions, and having had a recurrence were associated with lower physical and overall HRQOL, whereas being physically active was associated with higher physical and overall HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the need to encourage healthcare providers to promote physical activity among sedentary @entity5 survivors, even at modest levels. In addition, lower mental HRQOL scores may indicate a greater need to screen @entity5 survivors for psychosocial issues and link them with appropriate services.

title: Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life Among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Survivors']


abstract: AIMS AND HYPOTHESES: JEVIN ( Jena's St. Vincent Trial) is a prospective, 10-year follow-up, population-based survey of all insulin-treated @entity1 with type 1 and @entity6 aged 16-60 years and living in the city of Jena (100,000 inhabitants), Thuringia. It aims to show the effects of recent changes in the health care system and new treatment strategies. During the period from 1989/90 to 1994/95, the health care system was decentralized. There has been an broad implementation of postgraduate educational courses for primary care physicians, of structured @entity34 ( @entity34 ), of intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity413 self-monitoring for all @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 190 @entity1 (83% of the target population), 244 @entity1 (90%) and 261 @entity1 (90%) were studied in 1989/90, 1994/95 and 1999/2000, respectively. RESULTS: Up to 1994/95, the relative HbA(1c) (HbA(1c)/mean normal) of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 increased (1994/95: 1.65 +/- 0.35 vs. 1989/90: 1.52 +/- 0.31; p = 0.002). For @entity1 with @entity6 it remained constant (1.75 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.78 +/- 0.31; p = 0.669). During the period from 1994/95 to 1999/2000, there was a substantial improvement in the relative HbA(1c) of both, @entity1 with type 1 (1.48 +/- 0.3; p < 0.0001), and type 2 @entity6 (1.47 +/- 0.25; p < 0.0001). Up to 1999/2000, 87.7% of the @entity1 with type 1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 73.2%) and 96.6% of the @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 89.7%) participated in TTPs. Similarly, the percentage of @entity1 with intensified insulin therapy (type 1/2: 1989/90: 5.3%/3.4%, 1994/95: 80.3%/30.8%, 1999/2000: 94.7%/48.3%) and the frequency of weekly blood @entity413 self-monitoring (type 1/2: 1989/90: 1 [0-28]/0 [0-21], 1994/95: 25 [0-49]/14 [0-35], 1999/2000: 28 [0-70]/21 [0-46]) increased. Moreover, there was a drastic improvement in private health care: up to 1999/2000, about 90% of all the @entity1 studied were treated by primary care physicians who took part in postgraduate educational courses. CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade, there has been a substantial improvement in the quality of @entity6 control. The broad implementation of structured TTPs, intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity413 self-monitoring for @entity1 with type 1 and 2 @entity6 seem to be the major cornerstones for the improved quality of @entity6 care. However, the impressive improvement in the quality of @entity6 care in @entity1 with @entity6 seems not to be related mainly to an increase (about 10% vs. 20% in type 1 @entity6 ) in the number of @entity1 under specialist care, but rather to an improvement in the quality of @entity6 therapy administered by private health care physicians.

title: [Structured @entity34 and an improvement in private health care lead to a better quality of XXXX care. JEVIN, a population-based trial 1989/90 up to 1999/2000].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'treatment and teaching programs']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS AND HYPOTHESES: JEVIN ( Jena's St. Vincent Trial) is a prospective, 10-year follow-up, population-based survey of all insulin-treated @entity1 with type 1 and @entity6 aged 16-60 years and living in the city of Jena (100,000 inhabitants), Thuringia. It aims to show the effects of recent changes in the health care system and new treatment strategies. During the period from 1989/90 to 1994/95, the health care system was decentralized. There has been an broad implementation of postgraduate educational courses for primary care physicians, of structured @entity34 ( @entity34 ), of intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity413 self-monitoring for all @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 190 @entity1 (83% of the target population), 244 @entity1 (90%) and 261 @entity1 (90%) were studied in 1989/90, 1994/95 and 1999/2000, respectively. RESULTS: Up to 1994/95, the relative HbA(1c) (HbA(1c)/mean normal) of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 increased (1994/95: 1.65 +/- 0.35 vs. 1989/90: 1.52 +/- 0.31; p = 0.002). For @entity1 with @entity6 it remained constant (1.75 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.78 +/- 0.31; p = 0.669). During the period from 1994/95 to 1999/2000, there was a substantial improvement in the relative HbA(1c) of both, @entity1 with type 1 (1.48 +/- 0.3; p < 0.0001), and type 2 @entity6 (1.47 +/- 0.25; p < 0.0001). Up to 1999/2000, 87.7% of the @entity1 with type 1 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 73.2%) and 96.6% of the @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 (1989/90: 0%, 1994/95: 89.7%) participated in TTPs. Similarly, the percentage of @entity1 with intensified insulin therapy (type 1/2: 1989/90: 5.3%/3.4%, 1994/95: 80.3%/30.8%, 1999/2000: 94.7%/48.3%) and the frequency of weekly blood @entity413 self-monitoring (type 1/2: 1989/90: 1 [0-28]/0 [0-21], 1994/95: 25 [0-49]/14 [0-35], 1999/2000: 28 [0-70]/21 [0-46]) increased. Moreover, there was a drastic improvement in private health care: up to 1999/2000, about 90% of all the @entity1 studied were treated by primary care physicians who took part in postgraduate educational courses. CONCLUSIONS: During the past decade, there has been a substantial improvement in the quality of @entity6 control. The broad implementation of structured TTPs, intensified insulin therapy, and blood @entity413 self-monitoring for @entity1 with type 1 and 2 @entity6 seem to be the major cornerstones for the improved quality of @entity6 care. However, the impressive improvement in the quality of @entity6 care in @entity1 with @entity6 seems not to be related mainly to an increase (about 10% vs. 20% in type 1 @entity6 ) in the number of @entity1 under specialist care, but rather to an improvement in the quality of @entity6 therapy administered by private health care physicians.

title: [Structured XXXX and an improvement in private health care lead to a better quality of @entity6 care. JEVIN, a population-based trial 1989/90 up to 1999/2000].

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['treatment and teaching programs']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the oncologic outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery for elective treatment of clinically organ confined upper tract @entity189 of the distal ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a multi-institutional collaborative database we identified 304 @entity1 with unifocal, clinically organ confined @entity189 of the distal ureter and bilateral functional kidneys. Rates of overall, @entity5 specific, local recurrence-free and intravesical recurrence-free survival according to surgery type were compared using Kaplan-Meier statistics. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the adjusted outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery. RESULTS: Overall 128 (42.1%), 134 (44.1%) and 42 @entity1 (13.8%) were treated with radical nephroureterectomy, distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery, respectively. Although rates of overall, @entity5 specific and intravesical recurrence-free survival were equivalent among the 3 surgical procedures, 5-year local recurrence-free survival was lower for endoscopic surgery (35.7%) than for nephroureterectomy (95.0%, p <0.001) or ureterectomy (85.5%, p = 0.01) with no significant difference between nephroureterectomy and distal ureterectomy. On multivariable analyses only endoscopic surgery was an independent predictor of decreased local recurrence-free survival compared to nephroureterectomy (HR 1.27, p = 0.001) or distal ureterectomy (HR 1.14, p = 0.01). Distal ureterectomy and endoscopic surgery did not significantly correlate to @entity5 specific or intravesical recurrence-free survival. However, when adjustment was made for ASA(  ) (American Society of Anesthesiologists(  )) score, distal ureterectomy (HR 0.80, p = 0.01) and endoscopic surgery (HR 0.84, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of increased overall survival, although no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: Because of better oncologic outcomes, distal ureterectomy could be considered the elective first line treatment of clinically organ confined @entity189 of the distal ureter.

title: Oncologic Outcomes of Kidney Sparing Surgery versus Radical Nephroureterectomy for the Elective Treatment of Clinically Organ Confined Upper Tract XXXX of the Distal Ureter.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An immediate repair is considered optimal in acute biliary duct injuries; however, it may prove to be a challenge, because such repairs are usually performed on small ducts whose viability cannot always be determined. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the charts of @entity1 with acute @entity1157 who underwent repair at a tertiary care academic university hospital. A total of 204 @entity1 with acute @entity1157 were seen between 1989 and 2002. Of these, 30 were repaired within minutes to hours after the injury. These @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I @entity1 had a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy below the hepatic junction; Group II @entity1 had a Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy at the junction level. We then performed a long-term evaluation of @entity254 function in these @entity1 , using clinical, radiological, and laboratory. RESULTS: Twenty-eight injuries were secondary to a laparoscopy; the other two resulted from open cholecystectomies. All of the @entity1 suffered @entity130 with complete section of the duct and substance loss (Strasberg E). There were 12 @entity1 in group I and 18 in group II. Three cases in group I (25%) and one in group II (5%) developed @entity254 dysfunction. Mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 12-80) in group I and 52 months (range, 10-76) in group II. Two cases in group I (16%) and none in group II (0) required reoperation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the acute setting, complex lesions should be treated with a high bilioenteric @entity254 (at the junction level) in the first attempt at repair. Lower-level anastomoses are associated with a higher dysfunction rate and the need for radiological manipulation and reoperation. Also, @entity850 of the @entity254 secondary to undetected duct @entity63 in the acute repair is more frequent in low bilioenteric anastomoses.

title: Acute XXXX . The need for a high repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['complex injuries']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: These experiments examined the effects, on retention, of posttraining intra-amygdala administration of @entity1063 (NE), and @entity1169 . @entity35 were trained on a one-trial step-through inhibitory avoidance task and tested for retention 24 h later. Injections were administered bilaterally (1.0 microliter/injection) through chronically-implanted cannulae. Low doses of NE (0.1 or 0.3 microgram) administered shortly after training enhanced retention while higher doses (1.0 or 5.0 micrograms) were ineffective. Retention was not affected by NE administered 3 h after training. The effect of intra-amygdala NE on retention is blocked by simultaneous administration of @entity1169 (0.2 microgram). This finding suggests that the memory-enhancing effect of NE may be mediated by beta-receptors. Posttraining intra-amygdala NE also attenuated the retention deficit produced by adrenal demedullation. Further, intra-amygdala injections of @entity1169 (0.2 microgram) blocked the enhancing effect, on retention, of posttraining s.c. injections of @entity1425 . These findings suggest that activation of noradrenergic receptors in the amygdala may be involved in memory processing and may play a role in the memory-modulating effect of peripheral @entity1425 .

title: Modulating effects of posttraining XXXX on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: It has been shown that @entity25993 and @entity4291 -synthase activities are present in chromatin and they modify the @entity4291 (SM) content. The activity of the first enzyme is stimulated and the second inhibited, when the hepatocytes enter into the S-phase after partial hepatectomy, thus suggesting that @entity2367 may have a pivotal role in cell proliferation. An opposite function was attributed to @entity2367 in hepatocytes which undergo apoptosis after lobular ligature. In order to clarify this point, a model was developed in which the same liver cells undergo proliferation followed by induced apoptosis. To this purpose, the @entity35 were treated for 7 days with @entity17544 and then left without treatment for 4 days. During the treatment, the peroxisome enzyme markers increase their activity and the number of proliferating cells increases, reaching a maximum after 3 days of treatment, as shown by the number of cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. At the same time, the chromatin sphingomyelinase activity reaches the maximum, while a similar increase is not found in the cytoplasm or in the isolated nuclei. On the contrary, SM-synthase activity is depressed in chromatin, but not in the nuclei in which a peak is shown after 3 days of @entity17544 treatment. After drug withdrawal, the hepatocytes undergo apoptosis as confirmed by the increase of @entity2310 and tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) expression; the chromatin SM increases as a consequence of an increase of SM-synthase activity. It can be hypothesised that chromatin SM may have a role in cell duplication by influencing the chromatin structure stability.

title: Chromatin XXXX changes in cell proliferation and/or apoptosis induced by @entity17544 .

entities_list: @entity25993 :: ('83537(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['neutral-sphingomyelinase']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity4291 :: (CHEBI:17636,Chemical) :: ['sphingomyelin']


abstract: It has been shown that @entity25993 and @entity4291 -synthase activities are present in chromatin and they modify the @entity4291 (SM) content. The activity of the first enzyme is stimulated and the second inhibited, when the hepatocytes enter into the S-phase after partial hepatectomy, thus suggesting that @entity2367 may have a pivotal role in cell proliferation. An opposite function was attributed to @entity2367 in hepatocytes which undergo apoptosis after lobular ligature. In order to clarify this point, a model was developed in which the same liver cells undergo proliferation followed by induced apoptosis. To this purpose, the @entity35 were treated for 7 days with @entity17544 and then left without treatment for 4 days. During the treatment, the peroxisome enzyme markers increase their activity and the number of proliferating cells increases, reaching a maximum after 3 days of treatment, as shown by the number of cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. At the same time, the chromatin sphingomyelinase activity reaches the maximum, while a similar increase is not found in the cytoplasm or in the isolated nuclei. On the contrary, SM-synthase activity is depressed in chromatin, but not in the nuclei in which a peak is shown after 3 days of @entity17544 treatment. After drug withdrawal, the hepatocytes undergo apoptosis as confirmed by the increase of @entity2310 and tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) expression; the chromatin SM increases as a consequence of an increase of SM-synthase activity. It can be hypothesised that chromatin SM may have a role in cell duplication by influencing the chromatin structure stability.

title: Chromatin @entity4291 changes in cell proliferation and/or apoptosis induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity17544 :: (MESH:C019304,Chemical) :: ['ciprofibrate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 and @entity407 are major @entity65 risk factors. To modify them, @entity1 often need to adopt healthier lifestyles and adhere to prescribed medications. However, @entity1 ' adherence to recommended treatments has been suboptimal. Reducing out-of-pocket costs (ROPC) to @entity1 may improve medication adherence and consequently improve health outcomes. This Community Guide systematic review examined the effectiveness of ROPC for medications prescribed for @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity407 . METHODS: We assessed effectiveness and economics of ROPC for medications to treat @entity101 , @entity407 , or both. Per Community Guide review methods, reviewers identified, evaluated, and summarized available evidence published from January 1980 through July 2015. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in the analysis. ROPC interventions resulted in increased medication adherence for @entity1 taking blood pressure and @entity165 medications by a median of 3.0 percentage points; proportion achieving 80% adherence to medication increased by 5.1 percentage points. Blood pressure and @entity165 outcomes also improved. Nine studies were included in the economic review, with a median intervention cost of  172 per @entity1 per year and a median change in health care cost of - 127 per @entity1 per year. CONCLUSION: ROPC for medications to treat @entity101 and @entity407 is effective in increasing medication adherence, and, thus, improving blood pressure and @entity165 outcomes. Most ROPC interventions are implemented in combination with evidence-based health care interventions such as team-based care with medication counseling. An overall conclusion about the economics of the intervention could not be reached with the small body of inconsistent cost-benefit evidence.

title: Reducing Medication Costs to Prevent XXXX : A Community Guide Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use audit to inform the local implementation of a national clinical guideline for the prevention of @entity227 in @entity6 . DESIGN: Computer and @entity1 record search in hospital and general practice to determine levels of morbidity and follow-up. Questionnaire to each practice to determine models and techniques of eye screening. SETTING: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board area, Scotland. SUBJECTS: All known @entity6 @entity1 . MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of @entity6 @entity1 who have had @entity6 eye review and monitoring of risk factors within one year. Proportion of @entity6 @entity1 who have risk factors recorded within target level. Proportion of eye screening centres with recommended mechanisms in place. RESULTS: Both district general hospitals, and 59 of the 63 general practices, in the area took part in the audit. A total of 6,217 @entity6 @entity1 were included; the prevalence of @entity6 in this population was 1.65%. Twenty-seven per cent were insulin treated. Seventy-two per cent of diabetics who were not registered blind had a record of having had fundoscopy performed through dilated pupils within one year. Sixty-nine per cent of those who were not registered blind had had corrected visual acuity measured within one year. Eighty-five per cent of diabetics had HbA1C recorded within one year and of these 65% had a level of 8% or less. Eighty-eight per cent had a blood pressure recording within twelve months and 52% of recorded pressures were 140/90 mmHg or less. Smoking status was recorded for 89% of @entity1 and 75% of @entity1 with a record were non-smokers. Representatives of 57 practices returned a completed questionnaire. All these practices had a Snellen chart, but only 83% had near vision testing equipment and only 54% had a pinhole occluder. CONCLUSIONS: An area wide collaborative audit provided local data to inform the process of guideline implementation and baseline data from which to evaluate this process. Wide stakeholder involvement increased interest, motivation and support for the process. The audit highlighted specific areas for change and provided the local stimulus for change.

title: Use of collaborative audit to assist local implementation of the SIGN guideline for prevention of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use audit to inform the local implementation of a national clinical guideline for the prevention of @entity227 in @entity6 . DESIGN: Computer and @entity1 record search in hospital and general practice to determine levels of morbidity and follow-up. Questionnaire to each practice to determine models and techniques of eye screening. SETTING: Ayrshire and Arran Health Board area, Scotland. SUBJECTS: All known @entity6 @entity1 . MAIN MEASURES: Proportion of @entity6 @entity1 who have had @entity6 eye review and monitoring of risk factors within one year. Proportion of @entity6 @entity1 who have risk factors recorded within target level. Proportion of eye screening centres with recommended mechanisms in place. RESULTS: Both district general hospitals, and 59 of the 63 general practices, in the area took part in the audit. A total of 6,217 @entity6 @entity1 were included; the prevalence of @entity6 in this population was 1.65%. Twenty-seven per cent were insulin treated. Seventy-two per cent of diabetics who were not registered blind had a record of having had fundoscopy performed through dilated pupils within one year. Sixty-nine per cent of those who were not registered blind had had corrected visual acuity measured within one year. Eighty-five per cent of diabetics had HbA1C recorded within one year and of these 65% had a level of 8% or less. Eighty-eight per cent had a blood pressure recording within twelve months and 52% of recorded pressures were 140/90 mmHg or less. Smoking status was recorded for 89% of @entity1 and 75% of @entity1 with a record were non-smokers. Representatives of 57 practices returned a completed questionnaire. All these practices had a Snellen chart, but only 83% had near vision testing equipment and only 54% had a pinhole occluder. CONCLUSIONS: An area wide collaborative audit provided local data to inform the process of guideline implementation and baseline data from which to evaluate this process. Wide stakeholder involvement increased interest, motivation and support for the process. The audit highlighted specific areas for change and provided the local stimulus for change.

title: Use of collaborative audit to assist local implementation of the SIGN guideline for prevention of @entity227 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity2521 is the most frequently diagnosed health problem in @entity468 yet little is known about the bacterial species important for the disease. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species associated with health, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 (<25% attachment loss) in feline plaque. Knowledge of these species is a first step in understanding the potential for improving oral health of @entity468 via dietary interventions that alter the proportions of influential species. @entity527 samples were collected from 92 @entity468 with healthy gingiva, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 . Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA from these plaque samples generated more than one million reads and identified a total of 267 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all gingival health categories, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Fusobacteria. The Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant family in @entity2522 and mild @entity2521 . Logistic regression analysis identified species from various genera that were significantly associated with health, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 . The species identified were very similar to those observed in @entity235 plaque in the corresponding health and disease states. Such similarities were not observed between cat and @entity1 at the bacterial species level but with disease progression similarities did emerge at the phylum level. This suggests that interventions targeted at @entity1 pathogenic species will not be effective for use in @entity468 but there is more potential for commonalities in interventions for @entity468 and @entity235 .

title: A Pyrosequencing Investigation of Differences in the Feline Subgingival Microbiota in Health, @entity2522 and Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['Periodontitis']


abstract: @entity2521 is the most frequently diagnosed health problem in @entity468 yet little is known about the bacterial species important for the disease. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial species associated with health, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 (<25% attachment loss) in feline plaque. Knowledge of these species is a first step in understanding the potential for improving oral health of @entity468 via dietary interventions that alter the proportions of influential species. @entity527 samples were collected from 92 @entity468 with healthy gingiva, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 . Pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA from these plaque samples generated more than one million reads and identified a total of 267 operational taxonomic units after bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Porphyromonas was the most abundant genus in all gingival health categories, particularly in health along with Moraxella and Fusobacteria. The Peptostreptococcaceae were the most abundant family in @entity2522 and mild @entity2521 . Logistic regression analysis identified species from various genera that were significantly associated with health, @entity2522 or mild @entity2521 . The species identified were very similar to those observed in @entity235 plaque in the corresponding health and disease states. Such similarities were not observed between cat and @entity1 at the bacterial species level but with disease progression similarities did emerge at the phylum level. This suggests that interventions targeted at @entity1 pathogenic species will not be effective for use in @entity468 but there is more potential for commonalities in interventions for @entity468 and @entity235 .

title: A Pyrosequencing Investigation of Differences in the Feline Subgingival Microbiota in Health, XXXX and Mild @entity2521 .

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['Gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a parametric deconvolution algorithm (DA) in the diagnostic assessment of @entity64 @entity1 by multi- slice spiral computed tomography (MS-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 @entity1 (age range 34 - 89 years) with clinically suspected acute @entity63 of one hemisphere and no @entity1188 on plain cerebral CT underwent CT perfusion ( @entity93 ), performed on average 3.4 hours after the onset of symptoms by using MS-CT (4 x 8 mm scan volume). Using a DA-based software module, perfusion images of the cerebral blood perfusion (CBP), cerebral blood volume ( @entity2541 ) and mean transit time ( @entity98 ) were calculated and assessed by two readers for visually apparent perfusion abnormalities. Amount and extension of perfusion disturbances were measured and correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 @entity1 , in whom perfusion maps could be generated, territorial @entity1188 was confirmed by follow-up in 22 subjects. With a sensitivity of 95 % @entity63 could be detected on @entity98 -maps (CBP 91 %, @entity2541 77 %). Specificity was highest (100 %) for @entity2541 -maps. @entity1 with @entity1188 showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CBP (10.7 vs. 38.3 ml/100 ml/min), @entity2541 (1.3 vs. 2.3 ml/100 ml) and prolongation of @entity98 (12.3 vs. 4.3 s) compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas in @entity1 without @entity1188 no significant changes were found. Extension of @entity2541 reduction showed the best correlation (r = 0.82) with final @entity1188 volume. CONCLUSION: The DA-based CTP protocol evaluated in this study is a suitable tool for the early identification and quantification of @entity2806 .

title: [Quantitative perfusion imaging by multi-slice CT in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct demarcation', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a parametric deconvolution algorithm (DA) in the diagnostic assessment of @entity64 @entity1 by multi- slice spiral computed tomography (MS-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 @entity1 (age range 34 - 89 years) with clinically suspected acute @entity63 of one hemisphere and no @entity1188 on plain cerebral CT underwent CT perfusion ( @entity93 ), performed on average 3.4 hours after the onset of symptoms by using MS-CT (4 x 8 mm scan volume). Using a DA-based software module, perfusion images of the cerebral blood perfusion (CBP), cerebral blood volume ( @entity2541 ) and mean transit time ( @entity98 ) were calculated and assessed by two readers for visually apparent perfusion abnormalities. Amount and extension of perfusion disturbances were measured and correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 @entity1 , in whom perfusion maps could be generated, territorial @entity1188 was confirmed by follow-up in 22 subjects. With a sensitivity of 95 % @entity63 could be detected on @entity98 -maps (CBP 91 %, @entity2541 77 %). Specificity was highest (100 %) for @entity2541 -maps. @entity1 with @entity1188 showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CBP (10.7 vs. 38.3 ml/100 ml/min), @entity2541 (1.3 vs. 2.3 ml/100 ml) and prolongation of @entity98 (12.3 vs. 4.3 s) compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas in @entity1 without @entity1188 no significant changes were found. Extension of @entity2541 reduction showed the best correlation (r = 0.82) with final @entity1188 volume. CONCLUSION: The DA-based CTP protocol evaluated in this study is a suitable tool for the early identification and quantification of @entity2806 .

title: [Quantitative perfusion imaging by multi-slice CT in @entity64 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During the years 1971-81, we treated 7 @entity1 with clinical features suggestive of @entity1555 . Muscle weakness developed at 1.5 or at 5-8 years and progressed rapidly. Two @entity1 were in wheel-chairs in their teens. @entity2057 began in the proximal parts of the lower extremities and pseudohypertrophy of the @entity291 occurred in all patients. Serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) activity was moderately to highly elevated in all cases and EMG showed a moderate to marked myopathic pattern. Chromosomal studies showed normal finding in the five examined. @entity1032 (IQ 37-73) was present in four. Consanguinity was present in 3 out of the 7 cases. Two mothers showed elevated levels of CPK and myopathic patterns on EMG. In addition, one mother had slight @entity425 at the age of 42 and another had prominent pseudohypertrophy of the @entity291 . Sex-linked recessive inheritance might be considered here, because carriers of @entity74 showed elevated levels of CPK or mild @entity1109 . The other five of our seven might be cases of autosomal recessive inheritance, because the mothers had normal serum CPK levels and in 2 families there was a consanguinity.

title: Clinical and genetic studies of muscular dystrophy in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive type never']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Advances in high-throughput technologies have generated diverse informative molecular markers for @entity5 outcome prediction. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and DNA methylation as new classes of promising markers are emerging as key molecules in @entity1 @entity5 ; however, the prognostic utility of such diverse molecular data remains to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We proposed a computational pipeline (IDFO) to predict @entity1 survival by identifying prognosis-related biomarkers using multi-type molecular data (mRNA, microRNA, DNA methylation, and lncRNA) from 3198 samples of five @entity5 types. We assessed the predictive performance of both single molecular data and integrated multi-type molecular data in @entity1 survival stratification, and compared their relative importance in each type of @entity5 , respectively. Survival analysis using multivariate Cox regression was performed to investigate the impact of the IDFO-identified markers and traditional variables on clinical outcome. RESULTS: Using the IDFO approach, we obtained good predictive performance of the molecular datasets (bootstrap accuracy: 0.71-0.97) in five @entity5 types. Impressively, lncRNA was identified as the best prognostic predictor in the validated cohorts of four @entity5 types, followed by DNA methylation, mRNA, and then microRNA. We found the incorporating of multi-type molecular data showed similar predictive power to single-type molecular data, but with the exception of the lncRNA + DNA methylation combinations in two @entity5 . Survival analysis of proportional hazard models confirmed a high robustness for lncRNA and DNA methylation as prognosis factors independent of traditional clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Our study provides insight into systematically understanding the prognostic performance of diverse molecular data in both single and aggregate patterns, which may have specific reference to subsequent related studies.

title: Comparison of the Prognostic Utility of the Diverse Molecular Data among lncRNA, DNA Methylation, microRNA, and mRNA across Five XXXX Cancers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity174 . The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious @entity281 , especially in immunocompromized @entity1 , polytraumatized @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity299 . Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with @entity2176 . This case was different from @entity281 with "CJK" in several aspects. The @entity281 occurred in a @entity1 without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The @entity1 responded well to @entity7048 treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the @entity281 and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

title: Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) @entity281 of a K  ntscher-nailed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cephazolin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'classic infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve replacement']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial fracture']


abstract: A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity174 . The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious @entity281 , especially in immunocompromized @entity1 , polytraumatized @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity299 . Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with @entity2176 . This case was different from @entity281 with "CJK" in several aspects. The @entity281 occurred in a @entity1 without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The @entity1 responded well to @entity7048 treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the @entity281 and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

title: Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) XXXX of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity174 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pedicled buccal fat pad @entity1912 for its applicability in the reconstruction of surgically created oral defects. We highlighted the technique of @entity1912 harvesting, its different applications, and limitations. DESIGN:     Prospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity154 repaired by the buccal fat pad @entity1912 . SETTING:     Institutional center. @entity1 / @entity1 :     Twenty-nine @entity1 with surgical @entity2419 , @entity14705 , lower gingiva, retromolar region, oral floor, and temporomandibular joint. INTERVENTIONS:     Pedicled buccal fat pad @entity1912 for treatment of small to medium-sized @entity154 . OUTCOME MEASURES:     @entity1 had repair using a pedicled buccal fat pad @entity1912 between 2012 and 2014. @entity1 ' photographs and clinical records were collected. The technique of @entity1912 harvesting, its advantages, and its drawbacks are described in this study. RESULTS:     @entity1 were followed up over a mean period of 13.7 months to check @entity1912 viability, competent repair, and donor site function and aesthetics. Complete epithelialization was observed within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively according to the extent of the defect. All @entity1 showed uneventful healing without complications. CONCLUSIONS:     Buccal fat pad @entity1912 proved to be feasible for the reconstruction of surgically induced proximal small to medium-sized defects and can be extended to the palate, mandible, mouth angle, and temporomandibular joint region. Further research using preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of the size of the buccal fat pad is needed when reconstructing large distal defects.

title: The Feasibility of Buccal Pad Fat XXXX in Oral Reconstruction Based on Clinical Experience in a Governmental Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral defects']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['upper gingiva, buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['defects of the palate, maxilla']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) tend to interact with each other. @entity378 may lead to nutrition deficiencies that will conversely delay recovery by depressing immune functions. Nutrition support can promote recovery in the subject being treated for @entity378 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition support on promoting the recovery of adult @entity1907 patients with anti- @entity378 drug therapy. METHODS: English database of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese database of CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WANFANG were searched. Randomized controlled trials comparing nutrition support (given for more than 2 weeks) with no nutrition intervention, nutrition advice only, or placebo-control for @entity378 patients being anti- @entity378 treated were included. Two reviewers conducted data extraction, assessed the quality of the studies independently, and any discrepancies were solved by the third reviewer. Data were entered and analyzed by RevMan 5.2 software, and meta-analysis was done using risk ratios (RR s) for dichotomous variables and mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables with 95% confidence intervals (CI s). RESULTS: A total of 19 studies (3681 @entity1 ) were included. In nutritional support for @entity378 @entity1 , pooled RR and its 95% CI of sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and chest X-ray (CXR) absorption rate were 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) and 1.22 (1.08, 1.39), respectively, the pooled @entity601 and its 95% CI of body mass index (BMI) and time of sputum smears or culture negativity were 0.59 (0.16, 1.2) and - 5.42 (-7.93, -2.92), respectively, compared with the control group. The differences in outcomes of CXR zone affected, @entity378 score, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were not statistically significant (P = 0.76, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.20, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group. No systemic adverse events were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: During anti- @entity378 course, nutrition support may be helpful in treatment of @entity378 @entity1 by improving both sputum smears- or culture-negative conversion rate and BMI, shortening the time of sputum conversion negative. Whether it can improve the final clinical effect, there still needs high-level quality studies to confirm in the future.

title: Adjuvant Efficacy of Nutrition Support During XXXX Treating Course: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Malnutrition and tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: The results of four different ambulatory methods used in the treatment of 248 @entity1 with @entity2444 were compared in five different hospitals. In each hospital the @entity1 population was selected for the @entity7971 of treatment policy. Seventy-two @entity1 were treated with crutches alone, 58 with a Scottish Rite orthosis, 48 with a @entity14587 (a bilateral long-leg brace holding the hips in abduction and internal rotation), and 70 with proximal femoral osteotomy. The end results of treatment were rated according to head sphericity using the MOSE method. Prognostic indicators were recorded, including age of onset of disease, Catterall type, and femoral subluxation. @entity1 with partial-head involvement under eight years of age at disease onset with minimal lateral subluxation (less than 1.5 lateral subluxation ratios) and no proximal subluxation fared equally well with crutch walking or any of the three ambulatory-containment treatments studied. With greater degrees of subluxation, all three containment groups were superior to crutch walking and all were equally effective. In partial-head involvement, @entity1 between eight and 12 years of age, with or without lateral or proximal subluxation, all three ambulatory containment methods were superior to crutch walking. @entity2096 and the @entity14587 were equally effective. Only five Scottish Rite @entity1 were in this age group, too small a number to compare with the other treatment methods. @entity1 with partial-head involvement over 12 years of age at disease onset had poor results. For @entity1 with total-head involvement under eight years of age at disease onset, femoral osteotomy was correlated with a lesser degree of femoral head flattening than either brace or crutch treatment. In whole-head involvement @entity1 over eight years old at disease onset, all three ambulatory containment methods were equally effective and superior to crutch walking; however, there were few crutch walking and Newington abduction @entity4040 @entity1 in this age group.

title: Ambulatory containment treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14587 :: ('MESH:C537087', 'Disease') :: ['Newington abduction orthosis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ["Perthes' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral osteotomy']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Perthes' disease']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on @entity1 with postpartum @entity22 . BACKGROUND: Postpartum @entity1 generally have poor @entity25 because of frequent night-time breastfeeding during the first month after giving birth. DESIGN: A one-group pretest/post-test quasi-experiment was conducted. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit @entity1 at a postpartum centre (doing-the-month centre) in Northern Taiwan, from January 2014-July 2014. Thirty @entity1 with postpartum @entity22 received auricular acupressure therapy on one auricular point (Shenmen point pressing) four times a day for 14  days. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess @entity25 before and after the 14-day treatment. RESULTS: After the 14-day auricular acupressure treatment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total scores of the @entity1 decreased from 8  7 (pretest) to 5  57 (post-test, 36% reduction). Scores on the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, including @entity25 , sleep latency, sleep duration and @entity25 , also statistically improved (p  <  0  05). CONCLUSIONS: Hormone changes and frequent breastfeeding were identified as characteristics that may exacerbate poor @entity25 of postpartum @entity1 , for  whom the auricular acupressure intervention may effectively improve @entity25 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Auricular acupressure can be an alternative complementary therapy to aid postpartum @entity1 with @entity22 in improving @entity25 .

title: Effect of auricular acupressure for postpartum XXXX : an uncontrolled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: There are well-recognized limitations of conventional axial radiographs of the patellofemoral joint in assessing @entity1 with @entity158 , particularly in the first 20 degrees of knee flexion. Computerized tomography (CT) was used, therefore, to evaluate 20 @entity1 with persistent @entity158 and ten asymptomatic volunteers. Multiple midpatellar images were obtained between zero degrees and 30 degrees -40 degrees (sometimes 40 degrees) of flexion, with and without maximal @entity2472 . Three distinct patterns of @entity893 were identified. When compared to controls, 11 @entity1 had lateralized patellae based on high-congruence angles in extension. With progressive flexion to 30 degrees, all but one reduced into the trochlea. This group was subdivided into those lateralized with or without associated patellar tilting. There were seven @entity1 whose patellae progressively tilted between zero degrees and 30 degrees of flexion while remaining centered in the trochlea. Anatomic differences demonstrated by CT appear to be a factor in distinguishing these groups. Computerized tomography may be the optimal method of radiographically evaluating the patellofemoral joint. @entity1 have been identified with lateralized patellae in extension that subsequently become congruent by 30 degrees of flexion and therefore may not be appreciated on traditional radiographs. An awareness of different patterns of @entity893 is a significant advantage of computerized tomography when planning selective surgical realignment for these @entity1 .

title: The evaluation of XXXX using computerized tomography. A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['peripatellar pain', 'patellofemoral pain']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps contraction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain']


abstract: We have analyzed nucleotide polymorphism within a 5.3-kb region encompassing the functional @entity44158 gene and the @entity72287 putative pseudogene in 28 strains of @entity238 and one of @entity12137 . Two divergent sequence types were detected, which are not perfectly associated with @entity44158 allozyme variation. The level of variation (pi) is very close in the 5'-flanking region (0.0059) and @entity44158 gene (0.0057), but significantly higher in the intergenic region (0.0141) and putative pseudogene (0.0122). The variation in the 3'-flanking region is intermediate (0.0083). These observations may reflect different levels of purifying selection in the different regions. Strong linkage disequilibrium occurs within the region studied, with the largest values revealed in the putative pseudogene and 3'-flanking region. Moreover, recombination is restricted within @entity72287 . Gene conversion is detected both within and (to a lesser extent) between @entity44158 and @entity72287 . The data indicate that @entity72287 exhibits some characteristics that are typical of nonfunctional genes, while other characteristics are typically attributed to functional genes; the same situation has been observed in other pseudogenes (including @entity238 ). The results of structural entropy analysis demonstrate higher structural ordering in @entity44158 than in @entity72287 , in accordance with expectations if @entity72287 is indeed a pseudogene. Taking into account that the function of @entity72287 is not known (but could exist) and following the terminology of J. Brosius and S. J. Gould, we suggest that the term "potogene" may be appropriate for @entity72287 , indicating that it is a potential gene that may have acquired some distinctive but unknown function.

title: DNA polymorphism in the beta-Esterase gene cluster of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']