abstract: PURPOSE: Total intersphincteric resection (total ISR) is a surgical option for @entity1 with @entity5 of the lower rectum. However, @entity850 can develop after total ISR, which stretches from the anus to the lower rectum. Conventional anoplasty for anal stricture is often ineffective for them because the areas of stricture are long and the most proximal points of the strictures are too far for advancement flaps or rotation flaps to reach. We have developed a new surgical treatment method using a gluteal-fold flap (GFF) for anal stricture after total ISR. METHODS: From April 2004 through June 2007, hemilateral GFFs were transferred to treat anorectal strictures after total ISR in three @entity1 at the National @entity5 Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Postoperative results and anal function were evaluated. RESULTS: In all three @entity1 , GFFs were successfully transferred, and good dilation of the @entity2463 was achieved. Postoperative anal function was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The GFF has a rich vascular supply and can be simply and reliably transferred. We believe that GFF transfer is an excellent option for treating anorectal strictures after total ISR.

title: New application of the gluteal-fold flap for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal stricture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['anorectal stricture']


abstract: Endometriosis coexisting with a @entity43 is extraordinarily rare, although both these benign conditions are said to be common in @entity1 in the reproductive age group. There are only two previous case reports,which is evident from our literature review from January 1960 through January 2010. Acute abdomen is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges and easily ignored by the clinicians to exclude the possibility of @entity13374 . A 35-year-old @entity1 was referred by the doctor in Family clinic. She experienced a three-day period of severe right lower @entity490 and intermittent @entity391 . Ultrasonography identified a bilocular, cystic, hypoechoic, and @entity5 , 7 cm   6 cm   6 cm in the right adnexal region. Laparoscopic cystectomy was performed under the impression of @entity42 with torsion or @entity548 . The frozen section was benign and appendiceal status was adequate. Histopathologic examination described an @entity42 composed of endometrial-type lining with stromacells ( @entity46 ) and benign @entity44 tissue with plenty of skin appendages and sebaceous glands. We report this unusual and interesting ovarian mass to remind physicians that the usage of the Endobag after cystectomy, the benefits on minimizing operative time, spilled opportunity, and @entity260 . Laparoscopic techniques for large ovarian masses might be considered. The experience of the surgeon is also very important to prevent misdiagnosis or complication. Further follow up is mandatory for this simultaneous finding of @entity43 with @entity48 as a separate pathology in single ovary of such a nature. It also presents a challenge to the clinicians and to the pathologists.

title: Endometriosis coexisting with XXXX in a single ovary: a case report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriosis', 'dermoid cyst of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic illness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['coincidental dermoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity48 :: (MESH:D003884,Disease) :: ['dermoid cyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating monocyte- and neutrophil-platelet aggregates are sensitive markers of in vivo platelet activation. Socioeconomic status is inversely associated with risk of @entity301 . We assessed the impact of @entity1642 on @entity1423 in @entity1 from higher and lower socioeconomic status groups. METHODS: @entity1 were 37 healthy non-smoking @entity1 aged 30-59 years, divided by occupation into higher and lower social status groups. Blood was drawn at baseline, immediately following stressful behavioural tasks, and at 30 and 75 min post-stress, and aggregates were analysed using flow cytometry. Cardiovascular and subjective stress responses were also monitored. RESULTS: There were significant increases following stress in monocyte-, neutrophil-, lymphocyte- and total @entity1423 (all P<0.05). The largest responses were in monocyte-platelet (21% increase) and neutrophil-platelet (16.7% increase) aggregates. Lower socioeconomic status @entity1 had greater numbers of @entity1423 throughout, but the magnitude of stress responses did not vary with social status. The increase in monocyte- and @entity1423 was associated with systolic blood pressure stress responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress induces platelet activation as indexed by @entity1423 , and correlations with cardiovascular stress reactions suggest that sympathoadrenal responses may be responsible. Platelet activation may be a mechanism through which social position influences @entity65 risk.

title: The influence of XXXX and socioeconomic status on platelet activation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte-platelet aggregates']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['psychological stress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating monocyte- and neutrophil-platelet aggregates are sensitive markers of in vivo platelet activation. Socioeconomic status is inversely associated with risk of @entity301 . We assessed the impact of @entity1642 on @entity1423 in @entity1 from higher and lower socioeconomic status groups. METHODS: @entity1 were 37 healthy non-smoking @entity1 aged 30-59 years, divided by occupation into higher and lower social status groups. Blood was drawn at baseline, immediately following stressful behavioural tasks, and at 30 and 75 min post-stress, and aggregates were analysed using flow cytometry. Cardiovascular and subjective stress responses were also monitored. RESULTS: There were significant increases following stress in monocyte-, neutrophil-, lymphocyte- and total @entity1423 (all P<0.05). The largest responses were in monocyte-platelet (21% increase) and neutrophil-platelet (16.7% increase) aggregates. Lower socioeconomic status @entity1 had greater numbers of @entity1423 throughout, but the magnitude of stress responses did not vary with social status. The increase in monocyte- and @entity1423 was associated with systolic blood pressure stress responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress induces platelet activation as indexed by @entity1423 , and correlations with cardiovascular stress reactions suggest that sympathoadrenal responses may be responsible. Platelet activation may be a mechanism through which social position influences @entity65 risk.

title: The influence of @entity1642 and socioeconomic status on platelet activation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epiphora secondary to acquired @entity1448 is a common ophthalmic problem in adults requiring surgical management. External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a reliable but difficult surgical technique for the treatment of @entity1448 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the success rate and complications of modified external DCR in @entity1 with primary acquired @entity1448 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hospital based prospective interventional study included 56 @entity1 with primary acquired @entity1448 . Diagnosis of @entity1448 was made through irrigation of the nasolacrimal drainage system. All @entity1 were operated by modified technique of external DCR with @entity254 of the anterior lacrimal and nasal mucosal flaps only, whereas @entity33 were excised. @entity1 were followed up for a period of 6 months. During the follow up, success rate and complications if any were recorded. Success was defined objectively by a patent lacrimal passage on irrigation and subjectively by the absence of watering or discharge. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 39.23    10.66 years, and 78.6% of @entity1 were females (male to female ratio 1:3.7). The average operation time was 36.48    4.72 minutes. Objective and subjective success rates were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively after a follow up period of 6 months. Intraoperatively, @entity548 occurred in 3 @entity1 (5.3%) and laceration of the nasal mucosa in 4 @entity1 (7.1%). @entity260 included significant lid swelling and periorbital ecchymosis in 3 @entity1 (5.3%), @entity1415 in 2 @entity1 (3.6%) and @entity2805 in 2 @entity1 (3.6%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that modified external DCR with anterior flaps @entity254 only is a simple, safe, less time consuming surgical technique that is easy to perform, and the outcome is comparable to conventional DCR.

title: Modified External Dacryocystorhinostomy in Primary Acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['posterior mucosal flaps']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have demonstrable supportive and palliative care needs. Effective service configuration and delivery should be informed by the views of those with personal experience and knowledge and should be based on available evidence. This systematic literature review aimed to collate qualitative and quantitative evidence on: 1) @entity1 ' perceived needs and experiences of care provision; and 2) the perspectives and understanding of health professionals on care delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Psycinfo, and Amed identified 48 relevant studies. Data extraction and quality evaluation for included studies were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Findings were grouped according to themes generated from the qualitative studies. Key findings were that advanced @entity712 @entity1 report little discussion with health professionals about their clinical status and sense a lack of timely support to accommodate their evolving needs. Health professionals report poor multidisciplinary communication and lack confidence both in diagnosing advanced @entity712 and in communicating a poor prognosis to those affected, affecting the provision of good-quality coordinated care. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates the need for improvement in coordination of care and communication between @entity1 , their families, and health care professionals. However, although there is broad  agreement between the disciplines of cardiology and palliative care regarding the provision of therapies to reduce symptoms, improve function, and enhance quality of life, differences in views may arise, particularly regarding the maintenance of life-prolonging treatment as goals of care change.

title: Palliative care in advanced XXXX : an international review of the perspectives of recipients and health professionals on care provision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness and @entity137 of reirradiation (re- @entity138 ) for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective data analysis was performed of 58 @entity1 who underwent re- @entity138 with curative intent. Re- @entity138 was given as definitive treatment in 53% of @entity1 , whereas salvage surgery preceded reirradiation in 47%. The median cumulative @entity138 dose was 119 Gy (range, 76-140). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered with re- @entity138 (CRT) in 57% of @entity1 . Event-free survival was defined as survival without recurrence and without serious @entity137 (>= Grade 3). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 57 months (range, 9-140). Locoregional (LR) control was 50% at 2 and 5 years. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 42% and 34%. The following factors were associated with improved OS: postoperative re- @entity138 (vs. primary re- @entity138 ), treatment with @entity138 only (vs. CRT) and interval >3 years between previous @entity138 and re- @entity138 . For @entity1 treated with postoperative re- @entity138 and definitive re- @entity138 , the 5-year OS was 49% and 20%, respectively. @entity1 treated with CRT had a 5-year OS of 13%. Serious (late) @entity137 >= Grade 3 was observed in 20 of 47 evaluable @entity1 (43%). Three cases of treatment-related @entity204 were recorded. The 2- and 5-year serious @entity137 -free interval was 59% and 55%, respectively. Associated with increased risk of serious @entity137 were CRT and higher re- @entity138 dose. The event-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 34% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Re- @entity138 in @entity135 is associated with poor survival rates of 13-20% in @entity1 with inoperable disease treated with primary (chemo-) re- @entity138 . For this subgroup, however, no other curative options are available. Long-term disease control and survival can be achieved in @entity1 who receive re- @entity138 as an adjunct to surgical resection. The rates of serious @entity137 after re- @entity138 are high, with an incidence of approximately 45% at 5 years. Approximately 1 in 3 @entity1 survived re- @entity138 without recurrence and severe complications.

title: Reirradiation for @entity135 : delicate balance between effectiveness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness and @entity137 of reirradiation (re- @entity138 ) for @entity135 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective data analysis was performed of 58 @entity1 who underwent re- @entity138 with curative intent. Re- @entity138 was given as definitive treatment in 53% of @entity1 , whereas salvage surgery preceded reirradiation in 47%. The median cumulative @entity138 dose was 119 Gy (range, 76-140). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered with re- @entity138 (CRT) in 57% of @entity1 . Event-free survival was defined as survival without recurrence and without serious @entity137 (>= Grade 3). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 57 months (range, 9-140). Locoregional (LR) control was 50% at 2 and 5 years. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 42% and 34%. The following factors were associated with improved OS: postoperative re- @entity138 (vs. primary re- @entity138 ), treatment with @entity138 only (vs. CRT) and interval >3 years between previous @entity138 and re- @entity138 . For @entity1 treated with postoperative re- @entity138 and definitive re- @entity138 , the 5-year OS was 49% and 20%, respectively. @entity1 treated with CRT had a 5-year OS of 13%. Serious (late) @entity137 >= Grade 3 was observed in 20 of 47 evaluable @entity1 (43%). Three cases of treatment-related @entity204 were recorded. The 2- and 5-year serious @entity137 -free interval was 59% and 55%, respectively. Associated with increased risk of serious @entity137 were CRT and higher re- @entity138 dose. The event-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 34% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Re- @entity138 in @entity135 is associated with poor survival rates of 13-20% in @entity1 with inoperable disease treated with primary (chemo-) re- @entity138 . For this subgroup, however, no other curative options are available. Long-term disease control and survival can be achieved in @entity1 who receive re- @entity138 as an adjunct to surgical resection. The rates of serious @entity137 after re- @entity138 are high, with an incidence of approximately 45% at 5 years. Approximately 1 in 3 @entity1 survived re- @entity138 without recurrence and severe complications.

title: Reirradiation for XXXX : delicate balance between effectiveness and @entity137 .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare inter- and intraobserver agreement at thoracic aortic angiography with that at intravascular ultrasonography (US) in the work-up of @entity1 suspected of having @entity764 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three blinded readers performed a retrospective review of 95 thoracic aortic angiograms and 23 intravascular US images obtained in @entity1 suspected of having traumatic @entity130 . Inter- and intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of the thoracic aortic angiograms and intravascular US images were determined by using Cohen kappa statistics. In addition, differences among demographic groups were evaluated by using bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was lowest in the interpretation of indeterminate angiograms (kappa = 0.55) and highest in the interpretation of determinate angiograms (kappa = 0.71). In contrast, interobserver agreement in the interpretation of intravascular US images was excellent. For all groups, intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of aortic angiograms was substantial and overall agreement was good (kappa = 0.88). Intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of intravascular US images was excellent (kappa = 1.00). Differences among demographic groups were not found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Intravascular US is an adjunct to aortic angiography and yields excellent overall inter- and intraobserver agreement. Subgroups of @entity1 who are suspected of having @entity130 and have indeterminate angiograms may benefit from undergoing intravascular US.

title: Assessment of inter- and intraobserver agreement between intravascular US and aortic angiography of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic injury']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent @entity31 ( @entity31 ). To date, 43 @entity1 have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. @entity33767 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in @entity31 . This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative @entity29 sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (   20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. @entity3357 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group * time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for @entity29 self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for @entity29 .

title: The potential role of a self-management intervention for @entity31 : a brief report from the XXXX hypnotherapy trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent @entity31 ( @entity31 ). To date, 43 @entity1 have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. @entity33767 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in @entity31 . This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative @entity29 sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (   20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. @entity3357 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group * time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for @entity29 self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for @entity29 .

title: The potential role of a self-management intervention for XXXX : a brief report from the @entity31 hypnotherapy trial.

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity146 but conservative laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of severe @entity46 involving the rectum. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: Endosurgery unit of a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred sixty-nine @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy or laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully laparoscopically in 145 (86%) and by laparotomy in 24 @entity1 (14%). The rate of preoperative symptoms was higher in 25 @entity1 who underwent bowel resection compared with those who had other bowel surgery. In addition to bowel surgery, excision of uterosacral ligaments, adhesiolysis, excision of @entity46 , and oophorectomy were the four most commonly performed procedures. At 35-month follow-up 61 @entity1 (36%) required further surgery for @entity158 . The average time between primary and repeat surgery was 16 months. This second operation was performed by laparoscopy in over three-fourths of the @entity1 . Overall recurrent @entity46 was found in 26 @entity1 (15%). Overall morbidity associated with all surgery was 12.4%. CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity46 and bowel involves some of the most difficult dissections encountered, but it can be accomplished successfully with the low postoperative morbidity typical of laparoscopy.

title: Rectal surgery for XXXX --should we be @entity146 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis of the cul-de-sac', 'endometrioma', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity146 but conservative laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of severe @entity46 involving the rectum. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: Endosurgery unit of a tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred sixty-nine @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy or laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully laparoscopically in 145 (86%) and by laparotomy in 24 @entity1 (14%). The rate of preoperative symptoms was higher in 25 @entity1 who underwent bowel resection compared with those who had other bowel surgery. In addition to bowel surgery, excision of uterosacral ligaments, adhesiolysis, excision of @entity46 , and oophorectomy were the four most commonly performed procedures. At 35-month follow-up 61 @entity1 (36%) required further surgery for @entity158 . The average time between primary and repeat surgery was 16 months. This second operation was performed by laparoscopy in over three-fourths of the @entity1 . Overall recurrent @entity46 was found in 26 @entity1 (15%). Overall morbidity associated with all surgery was 12.4%. CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity46 and bowel involves some of the most difficult dissections encountered, but it can be accomplished successfully with the low postoperative morbidity typical of laparoscopy.

title: Rectal surgery for @entity46 --should we be XXXX ?

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of chemical dissection of tissues using a mucolytic substance, Mesna, in improving laparoscopic excision of @entity45 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: University-affiliated training hospital. @entity1 : Forty-four @entity1 with symptomatic @entity42 . Intervention. Laparoscopic excision of @entity45 in 22 @entity1 with the aid of Mesna solution and in 22 with the aid of saline solution. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In comparison with saline solution, Mesna as a chemical dissector resulted in significant reductions in operating time, in difficulty encountered by the surgeon to enucleate the cysts, and in less @entity548 . No differences were found in length of hospital stay, costs of surgeries, analgesic requirement, and @entity221 . Postoperatively, @entity1 treated with Mesna achieved more pregnancies than those treated with saline. CONCLUSION: Chemical dissection of tissues with Mesna proved to be a safe and suitable support in laparoscopic surgery for @entity42 .

title: Chemically assisted dissection of tissues in laparoscopic excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriotic cysts']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic cysts']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['endometriotic cysts']


abstract: @entity884 is seen with increasing frequency in older @entity1 . This increase is due to the general aging of the population, improved survival of @entity1 with @entity340 , and the increasing use of catheters and other prosthetic devices with resulting higher incidence of @entity884 . In older @entity1 , @entity884 frequently develops in the absence of underlying structural @entity299 ; @entity1856 and @entity730 are two important risk factors in this population. Infective organisms in older @entity1 are frequently enterococci and other gastrointestinal tract bacteria. A marked febrile response is uncommon whereas central nervous system symptoms are more common in older @entity1 . Transesophageal echocardiography can be performed safely and is a major diagnostic tool with sensitivity of more than 90% in detecting vegetations as small as 2-5 mm. Appropriately drawn blood cultures provide bacteriologic diagnosis in 80%-99% of patients. Prolonged antibiotic therapy may be required in many instances depending on the infective organism. Early surgical therapy is advisable for @entity1 who develop @entity712 as a result of severe @entity337 . Valve replacement surgery can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity even in very elderly @entity1 .

title: XXXX in the elderly: diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['mitral annular calcification']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous deposits']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['congenital and valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial endocarditis', 'Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ) is a central player in the @entity56 response, and raised total @entity9416 levels are considered as an indicator of @entity402 or potential development of @entity402 . A recent genome-wide scan in a German population-based cohort of adults identified the gene encoding the alpha chain of the high affinity receptor for @entity9416 ( @entity220 ) as a susceptibility locus influencing total serum @entity9416 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the @entity220 gene are associated with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) in a Han Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population of 378 @entity1 with @entity2023 and 288 healthy controls was studied. Precise phenotyping of @entity1 was accomplished by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood was drawn for DNA extraction and total serum @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ) measurement. A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity220 were selected and individually genotyped. None of the SNPs in the @entity220 showed an association with @entity2023 . Similarly, the lack of association was also evident in subgroup analysis for the presence of different allergen sensitivities. None of the selected SNPs in @entity220 was associated with total @entity9416 level. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity220 presents itself as a good candidate for contributing to total serum @entity9416 , this study failed to find an association between SNPs in the @entity220 gene region and @entity9416 level or @entity2023 susceptibility.

title: SNPs in the XXXX gene region show no association with @entity2023 in a Han Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['Immunoglobulin E', 'immunoglobulin E', 'IgE']

answer: @entity220 :: (2205,Gene) :: ['FCER1A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ) is a central player in the @entity56 response, and raised total @entity9416 levels are considered as an indicator of @entity402 or potential development of @entity402 . A recent genome-wide scan in a German population-based cohort of adults identified the gene encoding the alpha chain of the high affinity receptor for @entity9416 ( @entity220 ) as a susceptibility locus influencing total serum @entity9416 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the @entity220 gene are associated with @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) in a Han Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population of 378 @entity1 with @entity2023 and 288 healthy controls was studied. Precise phenotyping of @entity1 was accomplished by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood was drawn for DNA extraction and total serum @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ) measurement. A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity220 were selected and individually genotyped. None of the SNPs in the @entity220 showed an association with @entity2023 . Similarly, the lack of association was also evident in subgroup analysis for the presence of different allergen sensitivities. None of the selected SNPs in @entity220 was associated with total @entity9416 level. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity220 presents itself as a good candidate for contributing to total serum @entity9416 , this study failed to find an association between SNPs in the @entity220 gene region and @entity9416 level or @entity2023 susceptibility.

title: SNPs in the @entity220 gene region show no association with XXXX in a Han Chinese population.

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: The binding component (C2II) of the binary @entity6940 C2 toxin mediates transport of the actin @entity857 -ribosylating enzyme component (C2I) into the cytosol of target cells. C2II (80 kDa) is activated by trypsin cleavage, and proteolytically activated C2II (60 kDa) oligomerizes to heptamers in solution. Activated C2II forms channels in lipid bilayer membranes which are highly cation selective and voltage-gated. A role for this channel in C2I translocation across the cell membrane into the cytosol is discussed. @entity535 residues 303-331 of C2II contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues, which likely facilitates membrane insertion and channel formation by creating two antiparallel beta-strands. Some of the residues are in strategic positions within the putative C2II channel, in particular, @entity2227 307 (E307) localized in its center and @entity2228 316 (G316) localized on the trans side of the membrane. Here, single- @entity376 substitutions of these @entity1522 and the double mutant @entity72534 / @entity72535 of C2II were analyzed in vivo and in artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The pH dependence of C2I transport across cellular membranes was altered, and a pH of <or=5.2 was needed for C2I translocation into target cells; otherwise, no change in C2II-promoted entry of C2I into Vero cells was observed. The channel properties of C2II were substantially changed by the mutations, as evidenced by reduced cation selectivity. Interestingly, the voltage dependence of wild-type C2II was completely lost for the @entity72534 mutant, which means that E307 is responsible for voltage gating. @entity503 blocked the @entity72534 mutant channel and intoxication of Vero cells by mutant C2II and C2I, indicating that @entity503 binding does not involve E307. Overall, the voltage gating and cation selectivity of the C2II channel do not play an important role in translocation of C2I into the cytosol.

title: Channel formation by the binding component of @entity6940 C2 toxin: XXXX 307 of C2II affects channel properties in vitro and pH-dependent C2I translocation in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine', 'Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The binding component (C2II) of the binary @entity6940 C2 toxin mediates transport of the actin @entity857 -ribosylating enzyme component (C2I) into the cytosol of target cells. C2II (80 kDa) is activated by trypsin cleavage, and proteolytically activated C2II (60 kDa) oligomerizes to heptamers in solution. Activated C2II forms channels in lipid bilayer membranes which are highly cation selective and voltage-gated. A role for this channel in C2I translocation across the cell membrane into the cytosol is discussed. @entity535 residues 303-331 of C2II contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues, which likely facilitates membrane insertion and channel formation by creating two antiparallel beta-strands. Some of the residues are in strategic positions within the putative C2II channel, in particular, @entity2227 307 (E307) localized in its center and @entity2228 316 (G316) localized on the trans side of the membrane. Here, single- @entity376 substitutions of these @entity1522 and the double mutant @entity72534 / @entity72535 of C2II were analyzed in vivo and in artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The pH dependence of C2I transport across cellular membranes was altered, and a pH of <or=5.2 was needed for C2I translocation into target cells; otherwise, no change in C2II-promoted entry of C2I into Vero cells was observed. The channel properties of C2II were substantially changed by the mutations, as evidenced by reduced cation selectivity. Interestingly, the voltage dependence of wild-type C2II was completely lost for the @entity72534 mutant, which means that E307 is responsible for voltage gating. @entity503 blocked the @entity72534 mutant channel and intoxication of Vero cells by mutant C2II and C2I, indicating that @entity503 binding does not involve E307. Overall, the voltage gating and cation selectivity of the C2II channel do not play an important role in translocation of C2I into the cytosol.

title: Channel formation by the binding component of XXXX C2 toxin: @entity2227 307 of C2II affects channel properties in vitro and pH-dependent C2I translocation in vivo.

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity5 @entity1 , drug interactions may intensify adverse events or reduce antitumour effects. We assessed the prevalence of potential drug interactions (PDIs) among @entity5 @entity1 on i.v. treatment using an advanced screening method. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on drugs used for comorbidities, anticancer agents, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and comorbidities were collected by means of a structured interview among the @entity1 and review of medical charts. PDIs were identified using electronic (Drug Interaction Facts software, version 4.0) and manual screening methods (peer-reviewed reports). RESULTS: In this study, 278 @entity1 were enrolled. We identified 348 PDIs. Of all @entity1 , 161 (58%) had at least one @entity13091 . Of all PDIs, 34% was classified as major and 60% as moderate. @entity6397 , @entity5176 , antiepileptics, and @entity918 were frequently part of a @entity13091 . Interactions that potentially cause @entity1162 , @entity344 , and @entity149 were also common. In multivariate analysis, an increasing number of drugs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.52; P < 0.001] and the use of an OTC drug (OR = 0.56, CI 0.32-0.97; P = 0.045) were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: PDIs are common in @entity1 treated for an (haemato-) oncological disease. Screening for potential interactions should take place routinely before administering chemotherapy.

title: Potential drug interactions in XXXX therapy: a prevalence study using an advanced screening method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ambulatory cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system depression']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarins']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT interval prolongation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in the detection of @entity39 in acute @entity788 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity1851 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity1 with acute @entity788 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity1851 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity158 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 were @entity1 and 63 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity788 was @entity9279 in 53.5%, @entity167 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity1851 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity1 with acute intersitial @entity788 and 25 @entity1 with @entity656 . The mean @entity1851 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity1 with @entity656 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity788 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity1851 vs. the occurrence of @entity39 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity39 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity788 , a @entity1851 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity39 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity39 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity39 markedly increases.

title: [Value of @entity1851 level in the detection of @entity39 in acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'edematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['biliary lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in the detection of @entity39 in acute @entity788 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity1851 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity1 with acute @entity788 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity1851 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity158 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 were @entity1 and 63 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity788 was @entity9279 in 53.5%, @entity167 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity1851 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity1 with acute intersitial @entity788 and 25 @entity1 with @entity656 . The mean @entity1851 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity1 with @entity656 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity788 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity1851 vs. the occurrence of @entity39 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity39 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity788 , a @entity1851 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity39 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity39 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity39 markedly increases.

title: [Value of XXXX level in the detection of @entity39 in acute @entity788 ].

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in the detection of @entity39 in acute @entity788 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity1851 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity1 with acute @entity788 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity1851 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity158 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 were @entity1 and 63 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity788 was @entity9279 in 53.5%, @entity167 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity1851 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity1 with acute intersitial @entity788 and 25 @entity1 with @entity656 . The mean @entity1851 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity1 with @entity656 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity788 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity1851 vs. the occurrence of @entity39 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity39 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity788 , a @entity1851 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity39 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity39 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity39 markedly increases.

title: [Value of @entity1851 level in the detection of XXXX in acute @entity788 ].

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether fast and slow components of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted MR images could predict @entity263 progression in @entity1 managed by active surveillance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-one @entity1 managed by active surveillance underwent diffusion-weighted MRI in addition to T2-weighted MRI using an endorectal technique. ADCs from @entity5 regions of interest were calculated using all b values (ADC(all)), b = 0-300 s/mm(2) (ADC(fast)), and b = 300-800 s/mm(2) (ADC(slow)). These parameters and @entity5 volumes were compared in those upgraded at subsequent biopsy (n = 14) versus those histologically stable (n = 41) and in evaluable @entity1 who progressed to radical treatment (n = 16) versus those who did not (n = 64). Cox's regression was used to analyze the effect of parameter mean on time to treatment. RESULTS: ADC(all), ADC(fast), and ADC(slow) in @entity1 upgraded on repeat biopsy were significantly lower than those who were stable (1,070    110 vs 1,356    357   10(-6)mm(2)/s, p < 0.001; 1,283    188 vs 1,526    397   10(-6)mm(2)/s, p = 0.004; 843    74 vs 1,105    285   10(-6) mm(2)/s, p < 0.001, respectively). @entity5 volume was significantly higher in the upgraded group (0.86    0.9 vs 0.26    0.25 cm(3), p = 0.02). The lower ADC(slow) in @entity1 who subsequently progressed to radical treatment approached significance (922    256 vs 1,054    235   10(-6) mm(2)/s, p = 0.053; hazard ratio, 0.991 for time to treatment). @entity5 volume was significantly higher in the treated group (0.86    0.85 cm(3) vs 0.32    0.33 cm(3), p = 0.02). ADC(slow) and @entity5 volume were significant but independent predictors of upgrade on biopsy (p = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both fast and slow diffusion components were significantly lower in @entity5 that were subsequently upgraded on histology. Both @entity5 volume and the true diffusion ADC(slow) were significant but independent predictors of histologic progression.

title: Apparent diffusion coefficient as a predictive biomarker of XXXX progression: value of fast and slow diffusion components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In teleosts, the kidney is the major immune organ. From the kidney of fugu ( @entity26050 ), we isolated a unique leukocyte population. This population shows properties similar to those of @entity1 plasmablasts. First, adherent cells expressing IgM protein on their surface were obtained from the fugu kidney. Flow cytometry (FCM) showed that these cells were mainly composed of two cell populations: IgM+ @entity72536    cells and IgM+ @entity72536 + cells. Further characterization of the IgM+ @entity72536    population by RT-PCR demonstrated that the cells expressed secretory-type IgM as well as @entity72537 and Blimp-1, developmental marker genes for the B cell lineage. Western blotting also showed that the cells secreted IgM protein. These results indicate that the IgM+ @entity72536    cells are similar to cells at the plasmablast stage in mammals. This is the first report isolating plasmablast-like leukocytes in fish species. Our data also suggests that the teleosts kidney is a organ where B cells terminally differentiate into the plasma cells.

title: The plasmablast-like leukocyte in the kidney of fugu ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity26050 :: ('31033', 'Species') :: ['Takifugu rubripes']

answer: @entity26050 :: (31033,Species) :: ['Takifugu rubripes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the alterations in various HPV-related biomarkers 6 months post-treatment and how these relate to various risk factors and individual characteristics; their role for the prediction of treatment failure was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective observational study. POPULATION: @entity1 planning to undergo treatment for @entity3146 . INTERVENTION: A liquid-based cytology sample was taken pre-operatively. This was tested for HPV genotyping, Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification, flow cytometric evaluation and @entity986 immunostaining. A repeat LBC sample was obtained 6 months post-treatment and was tested for the same biomarkers. OUTCOMES: The alterations of the biomarkers 6 months post-treatment were recorded. Their relation to individual characteristics and risk factors (age, smoking, sexual history, use of condom, @entity8046 grade, excision margin status, crypt involvement) as well as their role for the prediction of residual/recurrent disease were assessed. ANALYSIS: The accuracy parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and the likelihood ratios) of each biomarker for the prediction of recurrent/residual @entity8046 were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 190 @entity1 were recruited. All biomarkers had significantly higher negativity rates post-treatment compared to pre-treatment ones. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that consistent condom use post-treatment significantly reduces the high-risk HPV positivity rates in comparison to no use (OR=0.18; 95% CI: 0.09-0.38). Sensitivity and specificity for all high risk HPV DNA testing were 0.5/0.62, respectively; the relevant values for only type 16 or 18 DNA typing were 0.5/0.92, for NASBA 0.5/0.94, for flow 0.5/0.85 and for @entity986 0.25/0.93. CONCLUSION: @entity8046 treatment reduces positivity for all HPV-related biomarkers. Consistent condom use significantly reduces high-risk HPV positivity rates. More cases of treatment failures are required in order to specify whether different combinations of HPV-related biomarkers could enhance the accuracy of follow up, possibly in the form of a Scoring System that could allow tailored post-treatment surveillance.

title: Alterations in human papillomavirus-related biomarkers after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Vertebral defects were created in a validated 3D finite element model (FEM) to simulate destructive tubercular lesions of increasing severity. Forces in various parts of the spine were then calculated and correlated to @entity85 and growth modulation (GM) changes. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biomechanical basis of GM, which governs spinal growth and the progression of @entity1513 in posttubercular kyphotic (PTK) deformities. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hueter-Volkmann Law (HVL), chondral growth force response curve (CGFRC), and regional growth acceleratory phenomenon have all been proposed to explain the modulation of growth in limbs but have not been tested in vertebral end plates (VEP). We have previously documented various GM changes in posttubercular kyphotic. By simulating the @entity891 in a validated FEM, the mechanical basis of GM can be established. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity378 treated conservatively formed the clinical material. The progress of @entity851 changes in the fusion mass and the kyphotic curve was documented. Defects simulating lesions of four levels of severity (types A, B, C, and D) were created in a validated 3D FEM and subjected to load till restabilization occurred. The stresses at the end plates, discs, facet joints, and the points of contact were calculated. RESULTS: Regional growth acceleratory phenomenon and favorable growth changes were found in type A collapse where the facets were intact. With increasing destruction, the forces in the facet capsules increased beyond 30 MPa predicting facet dislocations in types B, C, and D collapse. As the contact stress on the VEP increased to 16.6 MPa (type B) and 40 MPa (type C), this was associated with growth suppression. Type D collapse involved @entity3029 at multiple levels leading to "buckling collapse". Acceleratory growth was found both in @entity2701 and compression phases proving that VEP growth followed principles of CGFRC rather than HVL. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in the current literature to demonstrate that spinal growth follows CGFRC rather than HVL. This observation opens a potential window of opportunity to treat @entity85 by mechanical GM.

title: Lumbar vertebral growth is governed by "chondral growth force response curve" rather than "Hueter-Volkmann law": a clinico-biomechanical study of growth modulation changes in childhood spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and GM']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic collapse']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'deformity progression']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['facet dislocation']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity3252 is the major @entity4801 affecting @entity742 . It is important for veterinary medicine, animal science and public health since it causes reproductive and economic losses in the herd, as well as damaging @entity1 health due to consumption of contaminated meat and milk, which can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Detection of @entity3204 in ovine milk and lack of data in the literature describing differentiation between acute and chronic disease for this species stimulated the elaboration of the present research project. To achieve the aim of this study, the animals were allocated to two groups of 20 ewes each, of which group 1 was composed of animals with positive serology and group 2 with negative serology. Acute and chronic stages of the disease were differentiated by modified direct agglutination test (MAT), in which antigens were fixed with @entity406 (MAT-AF) and @entity1042 (MAT-AM). The parasite was detected in milk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the molecular identity of the amplified products was confirmed by sequencing. The serological results indicated that @entity742 had a @entity281 profile. @entity3204 DNA was detected in seven milk samples from five seropositive @entity742 , and twice in milk of two @entity742 . Sequences of species shared 97-100% identity with @entity3204 . These findings allowed the hypothesis that the peripartum period may also lead to the resurgence of tissue @entity3204 tachyzoites cysts which can circulate again and be excreted in the milk. This study used @entity742 naturally infected with @entity3204 as a prerequisite for further investigations on the possible participation of this species in toxoplasmosis epidemiology and as a potential transmission route related to consumption of milk from infected @entity742 .

title: Detection of XXXX DNA in the milk of naturally infected ewes.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['Toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive methods (MIMs) are now available for the management of visceral @entity438 and @entity2849 (visceral @entity438 [VAA]). The purpose of this study was to review our 10-year experience with the MIM of treating VAA. METHODS: All @entity1 evaluated from June 1999 to June 2009 with VAAs were reviewed. Demographics, therapy, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: MIM was attempted in 185 @entity439 in 176 @entity1 . Initial intervention was successful in 98% ofaneurysms. Sixty-three (34%) @entity439 were located in the splenic artery, 56 (30%) in the hepatic, 28 (15%) in the gastroduodenal, 16 (8.6%) in the pancreaticoduodenal, six (3.2%) in the superior mesenteric, four (2.1%) in the gastric, four (2.1%) in the celiac, four (2.1%) in the gastroepiploic, two (1%) in the inferior mesenteric, and one (0.5%) in the middle colic artery. @entity2849 were more common than true @entity439 (64% vs 36%). Bleeding was the indication for intervention in 86 @entity439 (46%). Initial treatment was successful in 177 @entity439 (98%). Reintervention was required in five (3%) @entity439 within 30 days. Coiling was used alone in 139 @entity439 (75%) and in combination with at least one other technique in 20 (11%) cases. Thirty-day aneurysm-related mortality was 3.4% (six deaths). Five additional deaths occurred during 30-day follow-up, although none was related to complications of the @entity439 (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MIM for visceral @entity438 can be used alone or in combination to effectively treat VAAs in elective or emergent conditions.

title: The minimally invasive management of visceral @entity438 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive methods (MIMs) are now available for the management of visceral @entity438 and @entity2849 (visceral @entity438 [VAA]). The purpose of this study was to review our 10-year experience with the MIM of treating VAA. METHODS: All @entity1 evaluated from June 1999 to June 2009 with VAAs were reviewed. Demographics, therapy, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: MIM was attempted in 185 @entity439 in 176 @entity1 . Initial intervention was successful in 98% ofaneurysms. Sixty-three (34%) @entity439 were located in the splenic artery, 56 (30%) in the hepatic, 28 (15%) in the gastroduodenal, 16 (8.6%) in the pancreaticoduodenal, six (3.2%) in the superior mesenteric, four (2.1%) in the gastric, four (2.1%) in the celiac, four (2.1%) in the gastroepiploic, two (1%) in the inferior mesenteric, and one (0.5%) in the middle colic artery. @entity2849 were more common than true @entity439 (64% vs 36%). Bleeding was the indication for intervention in 86 @entity439 (46%). Initial treatment was successful in 177 @entity439 (98%). Reintervention was required in five (3%) @entity439 within 30 days. Coiling was used alone in 139 @entity439 (75%) and in combination with at least one other technique in 20 (11%) cases. Thirty-day aneurysm-related mortality was 3.4% (six deaths). Five additional deaths occurred during 30-day follow-up, although none was related to complications of the @entity439 (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MIM for visceral @entity438 can be used alone or in combination to effectively treat VAAs in elective or emergent conditions.

title: The minimally invasive management of visceral XXXX and @entity2849 .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: A new, simple, and specific protocol to discriminate between @entity1 and animal fecal pollution is described. The procedure is based on the detection of certain @entity33532 species in the samples. Two 16S rRNA gene-targeted probes are described. One of these probes ( @entity27833 ) has as its target a region of the 16S rRNA gene of @entity57301 , a @entity33532 species of exclusively @entity1 origin. The other probe (BAN) is based on the sequence of a region of 16S rRNA gene for several @entity33532 species related with animal origins. The specificity of both probes was evaluated by using 24 @entity33532 species, and their threshold detection limit was established by DNA-DNA hybridization. DNA-DNA hybridization with the @entity27833 probe showed it to be specific for @entity57301 , whereas that with the BAN probe showed it to be specific for @entity14320 , @entity72538 , B. coryneforme, B. cuniculi, @entity33532 , B. magnum, B. minimum, and B. subtile. A simple and specific protocol was also developed for the detection of their target species in environmental samples (sewage and feces). DNA-DNA hybridization with the BAN probe was only positive for samples from @entity291 and @entity1237 . Thus, this probe is not suitable for the identification of any animal fecal pollution. Whereas all samples with @entity1 fecal pollution showed a positive DNA-DNA hybridization result with the @entity27833 probe, none of those with animal fecal pollution did. Therefore, this finding supports the potential use of this probe in detecting fecal pollution of @entity1 origin.

title: Use of XXXX as an indicator of the origin of fecal water pollution.

entities_list: @entity57301 :: ('1689', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium dentium', 'B. dentium']

entities_list: @entity33532 :: ('1690', 'Species') :: ['B. globosum', 'Bifidobacterium']

answer: @entity57301 :: (1689,Species) :: ['Bifidobacterium dentium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac evaluation before kidney transplantation is recommended, but no unequivocal screening strategy has yet been identified. We investigated if coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) can replace @entity65 factor assessment in selection of kidney transplantation candidates for cardiac evaluation and the choice of noninvasive modality for diagnosing obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 167 @entity1 referred for pretransplantation cardiac evaluation. @entity1 underwent risk factor assessment, CACS, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and invasive coronary angiography. In total, 138 @entity1 completed all diagnostic tests. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity453 (22%), the number of risk factors and CACS score were higher than that in @entity1 without @entity453 . The accuracy evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curve was higher for CACS than for risk factors, 0.85 versus 0.71 (P = 0.01). Adding CACS to the risk factor increased correct categorical net reclassification (0.58, P < 0.0001). Combining risk factors (>= 3) with SPECT to identify @entity1 with obstructive @entity453 resulted in less sensitivity (47% vs 80%) and higher specificity (94% vs 74%), compared with CCTA. In @entity1 with low CACS (<400), SPECT had a lower sensitivity than CCTA (60% versus 80%) but the same specificity (80%). In @entity1 with high CACS (>= 400), SPECT had lower sensitivity than CCTA (50% vs 100%) and higher specificity (88% vs 8%). CONCLUSIONS: In kidney transplantation candidates, CACS outperformed risk factor assessment for predicting obstructive @entity453 and is a better tool for selecting @entity1 and guiding the choice of noninvasive diagnostic modality in @entity453 .

title: Coronary XXXX Score May Replace Cardiovascular Risk Factors as Primary Risk Stratification Tool Before Kidney Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Unlike the English National Joint Registry (NJR) for arthroplasty, no surgeon driven national database currently exists for ligament surgery in England. Therefore information on outcome and adverse events following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is limited to case series. This restricts the ability to make formal recommendations upon surgical care. Prospectively collected data, which is routinely collected on every @entity9462 @entity1 admitted to hospital in England, was analysed to determine national rates of 90-day symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) rate, 30-day wound @entity281 and readmission rates following primary ACL reconstruction between March 2008 and February 2010 (13,941 operations, annual incidence 13.5 per 100,000 English population). 90-day @entity1150 and @entity1151 rates were 0.30% (42) and 0.18% (25) respectively. There were no in-hospital deaths. 0.75% (104) of the consecutive @entity1 cohort had a wound complication recorded. 0.25% (35) underwent a further procedure to wash out the infected knee joint and 1.36% (190) were readmitted to an orthopaedic ward within 30days. This is the first national comprehensive study of the incidence of significant complications following ACL surgery in England. This should allow meaningful interpretation of future baseline data supporting the development of a national ligament registry.

title: Complications following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the English XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PTE', 'pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity9462 :: (MESH:C538336,Disease) :: ['NHS']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticle contrast (TCL-SPION) in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) for the detection of lymph node @entity3 in experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: B16F1 @entity1 @entity320 cells were subcutaneously injected into the thighs of C57BL/6 @entity19 (n = 10). MRI was performed 21 days after @entity5 injection using a 4.7-T MR scanner. In vivo MRI was performed before and after the intravenous administration of TCL-SPION using T2 fast spin-echo and T2 gradient-echo pulse sequences. Then, ex vivo MR images were obtained for resected inguinal lymph nodes (n = 18) using the same pulse sequences as for in vivo imaging. On the basis of @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining results, the lymph nodes were classified into three groups: group 1, nonmetastatic; group 2, @entity5 volume <50% of the resected sample; and group 3, @entity5 volume >50% of the resected sample. Size, signal-to-background ratio, and enhancement pattern were evaluated in each of the three groups on ex vivo images. RESULTS: The findings observed on ex vivo MR images of 18 inguinal lymph nodes were compared with histopathologic findings. All nodes were classified into three groups: group 1, n = 6; group 2, n = 5; and group 3, n = 7. The sizes of the lymph nodes in group 1 were significantly different from the sizes of those in group 3 (P = .014), but there was no significant difference in lymph node sizes between groups 1 and 2 (P = .792). Signal-to-background ratios of samples in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those of samples in group 1 (P = .045 and P = .007, respectively). Each group of lymph nodes showed characteristic enhancement patterns that were well correlated between the images and pathology, except for one node. CONCLUSIONS: The features and extent of @entity3 in the lymph nodes corresponded to those observed on TCL-SPION-enhanced MR images. TCL-SPION-enhanced MRI is useful for the detection and estimation of lymph node @entity3 .

title: TCL-SPION-enhanced MRI for the detection of lymph node XXXX in @entity19 experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticle contrast (TCL-SPION) in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) for the detection of lymph node @entity3 in experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: B16F1 @entity1 @entity320 cells were subcutaneously injected into the thighs of C57BL/6 @entity19 (n = 10). MRI was performed 21 days after @entity5 injection using a 4.7-T MR scanner. In vivo MRI was performed before and after the intravenous administration of TCL-SPION using T2 fast spin-echo and T2 gradient-echo pulse sequences. Then, ex vivo MR images were obtained for resected inguinal lymph nodes (n = 18) using the same pulse sequences as for in vivo imaging. On the basis of @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining results, the lymph nodes were classified into three groups: group 1, nonmetastatic; group 2, @entity5 volume <50% of the resected sample; and group 3, @entity5 volume >50% of the resected sample. Size, signal-to-background ratio, and enhancement pattern were evaluated in each of the three groups on ex vivo images. RESULTS: The findings observed on ex vivo MR images of 18 inguinal lymph nodes were compared with histopathologic findings. All nodes were classified into three groups: group 1, n = 6; group 2, n = 5; and group 3, n = 7. The sizes of the lymph nodes in group 1 were significantly different from the sizes of those in group 3 (P = .014), but there was no significant difference in lymph node sizes between groups 1 and 2 (P = .792). Signal-to-background ratios of samples in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than those of samples in group 1 (P = .045 and P = .007, respectively). Each group of lymph nodes showed characteristic enhancement patterns that were well correlated between the images and pathology, except for one node. CONCLUSIONS: The features and extent of @entity3 in the lymph nodes corresponded to those observed on TCL-SPION-enhanced MR images. TCL-SPION-enhanced MRI is useful for the detection and estimation of lymph node @entity3 .

title: TCL-SPION-enhanced MRI for the detection of lymph node @entity3 in XXXX experimental model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Primary hepatothiasis ( @entity1733 ) and @entity255 ( @entity255 ) are two terms describing the different aspects of the same disease, with @entity1733 emphasizing the pathologic changes and @entity255 emphasizing the clinical presentation and @entity32 . It is predominantly a disease of the Far East. In the 1960s, it was the third most common cause of emergency abdominal surgery at a university hospital in Hong Kong. Thereafter, its incidence has decreased considerably, possibly due to improved standards of living and Westernized diet. Clinically, @entity1 may present acutely with recurrent @entity2348 and its possible complications, such as @entity5572 and @entity1457 , or with chronic complications, such as @entity201 . Pathologically, it is characterized by pigmented @entity648 stones within dilated intrahepatic bile ducts featuring @entity32 , mural @entity82 , and proliferation of peribiliary glands, without @entity2876 . Episodes of @entity32 cumulate in sclerosing @entity1897 and parenchymal @entity82 resulting from collapse and @entity2318 . Mass-forming @entity6437 and @entity5 like @entity4929 and @entity201 are increasingly recognized complications. Modern imaging techniques allow definitive diagnosis, accurate assessment for treatment planning, and detection of complications. A multidisciplinary team approach (interventional endoscopist, interventional radiologist, hepatobiliary surgeon, and intensivists) is important for optimal @entity1 outcome.

title: Hepatolithiasis and the syndrome of XXXX : clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'suppurative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['septicemic shock']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium bilirubinate']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis of peripheral ducts']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent pyogenic cholangitis', 'RPC']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['recurrent pyogenic cholangitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To characterize perceived voice handicap of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 and review treatment success. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-five @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 (January 2007-January 2009) were reviewed from a preexisting clinical database. Outcome measures included pre/post-treatment Voice Handicap Index-10 and data from a voice therapy discharge survey. RESULTS: Five groups emerged from the data set. Group A: @entity1 who had no follow-up (69%). After removing group A from the data set, the following groups emerged: group B: @entity1 who had no treatment but some follow-up (31%); group C: @entity1 who had voice therapy only (44%); group D: @entity1 who had surgery only (15%); and group E: @entity1 who had voice therapy first and subsequent surgery (9%). The perceived voice handicap severity was worse for groups C and D compared to groups A, B, and E. Treatment success outcomes showed that groups C (36%), D (56%), and E (17%) only improved marginally. However, 81% of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 believed that voice therapy helped them but only by 48%. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment success for age-related @entity194 is poor to moderately poor for this cohort of @entity1 .

title: Treatment success for age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'vocal fold atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['vocal fold atrophy']


abstract: Subtrochanteric @entity174 of the femur below an arthritic hip are uncommon and challenging to orthopedic surgeons. Most of these @entity174 occur in elderly @entity1 with advanced @entity170 . The treatment choices consist of treatment of the @entity174 and the above hip joint versus treatment of the @entity174 alone. This study evaluates the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroplasties performed to treat both conditions in a single surgery with the use of a cementless modular revision stem. Twelve @entity3330 of 12 @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 76.4 years (range, 62-88 years) were treated with cementless modular revision stems. Total hip arthroplasty was performed with cementless femoral and acetabular component fixation. All hips received the same femoral and acetabular implants. All @entity1 had comorbidities and the average American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.3 (range, 1-3). Ten of the 12 hips (83%) required an assistance device for ambulation before the @entity130 . There were 2 Dorr Type A (17%), 3 Dorr type B (25%), and 7 Dorr type C (58%) femora. The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was 83 (range, 72-92) with a mean follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2-7 years). At final follow-up, 9 hips (75%) were ambulatory without support (P=.016). Ten hips (83%) were able to both ambulate and walk up and down stairs. Two hips (17%) were able to ambulate but could not climb and descend stairs. Union was achieved in all femora at an average of 22.3 weeks (range, 16-32 weeks). Radiographic findings demonstrated stable ingrowth of the femoral prosthesis with no evidence of subsidence in 11 hips (92%). The average Engh score for all femora was 20.2 (range, 10-26). There was no relationship between the bone morphology (Dorr type) of the femoral medullary canal and the bone ingrowth scores of Engh (P=.639).

title: The use of a cementless modular stem in the treatment of XXXX in conjunction with ipsilateral coxarthrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['subtrochanteric femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['subtrochanteric femoral fractures']


abstract: The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term survivorship of primary @entity572 (THA) using Harris-Galante porous I acetabular and @entity2096 . From July 1985 to December 1991, we performed primary cementless THA on 76 hips (70 @entity1 ). Twenty-nine @entity1 (31 hips) died due to causes unrelated to the THA, and 6 @entity1 (7 hips) were lost to follow-up. Of 76 hips (70 @entity1 ) studied, 38 hips (35 @entity1 ) were available for follow-up at a mean 22.5 years (range, 19-25 years) postoperatively. Mean @entity1 age at index procedure was 51.2 years (range, 42-65 years). Average Harris Hip Score was 40.5 points preoperatively and 85.8 points at final follow-up. No @entity1 had an early or late postoperative deep @entity281 . Radiographically, the acetabular component fixation was stable in all 38 hips. The femoral component was bone-ingrown in 26 hips, stable-fibrous in 10, and unstable in 2. One unstable hip required revision of the femoral component. Dissociation of the @entity691 liner occurred in 3 hips without @entity174 of the metal locking tines and required revision of the @entity691 liner and the articular head. A total of 4 hips had documented revision, and 1 femoral component failed radiographically. The survival rate with the endpoint defined as revision surgery and radiographic loosening was 86.8% at 22.5 years of follow-up. Mean @entity691 wear was 0.085 mm/year (range, 0.031-0.15 mm). This study found that the Harris-Galante porous I acetabular and @entity2096 produce excellent long-term results.

title: The XXXX : a 19- to 25-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['cementless total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Harris-Galante porous femoral components']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['Harris-Galante cementless THA']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have suggested that @entity794 secrete exotoxins that may act as superantigens and upregulate the variable beta region of lymphocytes in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). The aim of this study was to add further information for correlating the presence of staphylococcal species and the upregulation of the V(b) region of both nasal polyp lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, IgE-mediated @entity56 directed against these exotoxins produces an additional independent immunologic mechanism in upregulating the inflammatory response in the lateral wall of the nose in @entity1412 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 were harvested from 38 @entity1 with @entity1412 . Eleven @entity1 were studied for the correlation of exotoxin from staphylococcal species and the variable beta region of lymphocytes in both the nasal polyp lymphocytes and corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes. Eight additional @entity1 with @entity1412 were studied for local and systemic IgE-mediated immunity directed against @entity794 exotoxins. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the V(b) repertoire of polyp-derived CD3-positive lymphocytes from 11 @entity1 . @entity794 was isolated from nine @entity1 , and coagulase-negative @entity794 was isolated from two @entity1 in whom at least 1   10(6) T cells could be isolated from their @entity480 . A quantitative assay for IgE was developed to study the levels of this immunoglobulin directed against @entity794 exotoxins in both the nasal polyp and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 11 @entity1 and in the nasal mucus and serum of eight additional @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 had T-cell V(b) clonal expansion. @entity794 exotoxin upregulated the corresponding V(b) region of lymphocytes in both the nasal polyp T cells as well as the T cells from the peripheral blood in nine @entity1 , and two @entity1 with coagulase-negative @entity794 also demonstrated upregulation of the V(b) region in the @entity480 in the absence of exotoxins. In one @entity1 , in vivo exotoxin was isolated, which correlated with the in vitro isolation from the organism itself. IgE directed against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and @entity137 toxin was significantly elevated in the sera of @entity1 with @entity1412 (P < .0001) as compared with the sera of age-related healthy control subjects; IgE directed against staphylococcal enterotoxin A and SEB (P = .0047) was significantly elevated in the mucus of eight @entity1 with @entity1412 as compared with the nasal mucus of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study augments our understanding of the potential role of @entity794 exotoxins behaving as superantigens in the lateral wall of the nose in @entity1412 . Furthermore, local nasal IgE directed against these exotoxins may create a @entity32 in the lateral wall of the nose. These two immunologic mechanisms are independent but may be additive in the inflammatory process in @entity1412 .

title: Further observations on the role of @entity794 exotoxins and IgE in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['CHSwNP', 'nasal polyposis', 'chronic hyperplasticsinusitis with nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Recent studies have suggested that @entity794 secrete exotoxins that may act as superantigens and upregulate the variable beta region of lymphocytes in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). The aim of this study was to add further information for correlating the presence of staphylococcal species and the upregulation of the V(b) region of both nasal polyp lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, IgE-mediated @entity56 directed against these exotoxins produces an additional independent immunologic mechanism in upregulating the inflammatory response in the lateral wall of the nose in @entity1412 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal @entity1127 were harvested from 38 @entity1 with @entity1412 . Eleven @entity1 were studied for the correlation of exotoxin from staphylococcal species and the variable beta region of lymphocytes in both the nasal polyp lymphocytes and corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes. Eight additional @entity1 with @entity1412 were studied for local and systemic IgE-mediated immunity directed against @entity794 exotoxins. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the V(b) repertoire of polyp-derived CD3-positive lymphocytes from 11 @entity1 . @entity794 was isolated from nine @entity1 , and coagulase-negative @entity794 was isolated from two @entity1 in whom at least 1   10(6) T cells could be isolated from their @entity480 . A quantitative assay for IgE was developed to study the levels of this immunoglobulin directed against @entity794 exotoxins in both the nasal polyp and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 11 @entity1 and in the nasal mucus and serum of eight additional @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 had T-cell V(b) clonal expansion. @entity794 exotoxin upregulated the corresponding V(b) region of lymphocytes in both the nasal polyp T cells as well as the T cells from the peripheral blood in nine @entity1 , and two @entity1 with coagulase-negative @entity794 also demonstrated upregulation of the V(b) region in the @entity480 in the absence of exotoxins. In one @entity1 , in vivo exotoxin was isolated, which correlated with the in vitro isolation from the organism itself. IgE directed against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and @entity137 toxin was significantly elevated in the sera of @entity1 with @entity1412 (P < .0001) as compared with the sera of age-related healthy control subjects; IgE directed against staphylococcal enterotoxin A and SEB (P = .0047) was significantly elevated in the mucus of eight @entity1 with @entity1412 as compared with the nasal mucus of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study augments our understanding of the potential role of @entity794 exotoxins behaving as superantigens in the lateral wall of the nose in @entity1412 . Furthermore, local nasal IgE directed against these exotoxins may create a @entity32 in the lateral wall of the nose. These two immunologic mechanisms are independent but may be additive in the inflammatory process in @entity1412 .

title: Further observations on the role of XXXX exotoxins and IgE in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 .

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Esophageal strictures and @entity292 are complications of @entity5 , which are difficult to manage. The efficacy of @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) for palliation of @entity3332 and @entity292 was investigated prospectively. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1702 were inserted in 41 @entity1 with @entity3332 or @entity292 . Our series included 32 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , of whom median age was 61.4 years. Twenty nine stents were inserted for stricture, ten for esophago-tracheal @entity292 , and four @entity456 . Stents were inserted endoscopically under fluoroscopic control. RESULTS: @entity1702 implantation was technically successful in 40 of 41 @entity1 . A second stenting was needed in two @entity1 . Median @entity1282 score improved from 3.4 to 1.3. The covered @entity1702 was succesful in completely sealing 85.7% of the @entity292 . Complication occurred in 11 (26.8%) @entity1 . Especially in the case of @entity5 stenoses in the distal esophagus, complication rate was higher (44%). In total six @entity1 (14.6%) died after stent placement during early postoperative period. Procedure-related mortality was 4.8% (2/41). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that treatment of @entity5 , including @entity292 , with @entity1702 is an alternative palliative procedure. Furthermore @entity1702 implantation seems more safe in the case of @entity5 stenoses locating in the middle esophagus.

title: The efficacy of @entity1702 for palliation of @entity3332 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['malignant esophageal stricture', 'malignant esophageal strictures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant esophageal obstructions', 'malignant esophageal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metal stents', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['esophagorespiratory fistulas', 'fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['esophago-pleural fistula']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Esophageal strictures and @entity292 are complications of @entity5 , which are difficult to manage. The efficacy of @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) for palliation of @entity3332 and @entity292 was investigated prospectively. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1702 were inserted in 41 @entity1 with @entity3332 or @entity292 . Our series included 32 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , of whom median age was 61.4 years. Twenty nine stents were inserted for stricture, ten for esophago-tracheal @entity292 , and four @entity456 . Stents were inserted endoscopically under fluoroscopic control. RESULTS: @entity1702 implantation was technically successful in 40 of 41 @entity1 . A second stenting was needed in two @entity1 . Median @entity1282 score improved from 3.4 to 1.3. The covered @entity1702 was succesful in completely sealing 85.7% of the @entity292 . Complication occurred in 11 (26.8%) @entity1 . Especially in the case of @entity5 stenoses in the distal esophagus, complication rate was higher (44%). In total six @entity1 (14.6%) died after stent placement during early postoperative period. Procedure-related mortality was 4.8% (2/41). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that treatment of @entity5 , including @entity292 , with @entity1702 is an alternative palliative procedure. Furthermore @entity1702 implantation seems more safe in the case of @entity5 stenoses locating in the middle esophagus.

title: The efficacy of @entity1702 for palliation of XXXX and @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['malignant esophageal strictures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Esophageal strictures and @entity292 are complications of @entity5 , which are difficult to manage. The efficacy of @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) for palliation of @entity3332 and @entity292 was investigated prospectively. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1702 were inserted in 41 @entity1 with @entity3332 or @entity292 . Our series included 32 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , of whom median age was 61.4 years. Twenty nine stents were inserted for stricture, ten for esophago-tracheal @entity292 , and four @entity456 . Stents were inserted endoscopically under fluoroscopic control. RESULTS: @entity1702 implantation was technically successful in 40 of 41 @entity1 . A second stenting was needed in two @entity1 . Median @entity1282 score improved from 3.4 to 1.3. The covered @entity1702 was succesful in completely sealing 85.7% of the @entity292 . Complication occurred in 11 (26.8%) @entity1 . Especially in the case of @entity5 stenoses in the distal esophagus, complication rate was higher (44%). In total six @entity1 (14.6%) died after stent placement during early postoperative period. Procedure-related mortality was 4.8% (2/41). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that treatment of @entity5 , including @entity292 , with @entity1702 is an alternative palliative procedure. Furthermore @entity1702 implantation seems more safe in the case of @entity5 stenoses locating in the middle esophagus.

title: The efficacy of XXXX for palliation of @entity3332 and @entity292 .

answer: @entity1702 :: (MESH:D013651,Disease) :: ['self-expanding metal stents']