abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5426 arising in the irradiated breast after breast-conserving therapy is being reported with increasing frequency. As more @entity1 undergo breast-conserving therapy, the incidence can be expected to increase. Surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists will be faced with difficult management decisions for this @entity146 . METHODS: A comprehensive review of all English-language reports of @entity5426 after breast-conserving therapy was performed. Approximately 100 cases were reviewed for treatment details and outcome analysis was performed. RESULTS: Surgical excision is associated with very high rates of disease recurrence (55 of 75 @entity1 with at least 1 year of follow-up; 73%). @entity66 recurrences in the @entity5 bed or along the mastectomy scar are a component of almost all recurrences (96%). Distant metastases develop simultaneously or shortly after local recurrences. Hyperfractionated radiotherapy has successfully prevented @entity66 recurrences in a limited number of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5426 after breast-conserving therapy is increasingly diagnosed in a small but significant portion of @entity0 survivors. The aggressive nature of this disease demands further investigation of adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence of disease after surgery.

title: XXXX after breast-conserving therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas', 'Angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: AIM: To assess efficacy of surgical and medical (conservative) treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic extremity @entity63 by evaluating their early therapeutic outcomes in terms of mortality, extremity amputation and reamputation rate, limb salvage rate and length of hospitalization period. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were divided into two groups based on method used for the treatment of critical @entity63 . Group A consisted of 40 @entity1 that were subjected to surgical treatment of critical extremity @entity63 during period 2004-2009. All @entity1 were subjected to thrombectomy in local anesthesia (2% @entity3303 ) as initial step of treatment protocol. Urgent Seldinger angiography was performed for all @entity1 that have undergone thrombectomy regardless of successfulness of thrombectomy. Based on angiography findings decision was made about further definitive treatment. It consisted of either using antiaggregating drugs ( @entity117 ; 150 mg/day) if no significant @entity75 was found or subjecting @entity1 to further surgical revascularization in the form of bypass were significant @entity850 or @entity432 was identified. Group B consisted of 40 @entity1 ; all of them received conventional heparin anticoagulation therapy supplemented with vasoactive infusion treatment (Pentoxyohylline 300 mg/day) during period 1998-2004. On the third day of hospitalization oral anticoagulation (Sintrom) was included in the therapy protocol using dosage 2-8 mg/day in order to achieve INR 2-4, once therapeutic INR was obtained heparin was withdrawn. Study was clinical, designed as retrospective prospective and was conducted at the Clinic for vascular surgery in Sarajevo. RESULTS: Mean age in group A was 66,5 years and in group B it was 65,78 years. Lenght of hospital stay in group A was 13,78 days while in group B it was 34,25 days (P value < 0,001). Limb salvage rate was 70% in group A and 17,5% in group B (P value < 0,001). In group A, nine amputations were performed (22,5%) while in group B we had to perform 38 amputations (95%), P value < 0,001. Only one reamputation was performed in group A (2,5% of @entity1 ) while in group B ten reamputations were performed (25% of @entity1 ). Mortality rate between groups was not statistically significant (P value < 0,077). CONCLUSION: Surgical thrombectomy as introduction to definitive treatment of @entity63 caused by atherothrombosis gives statistically superior results in comparison to conservative treatment.

title: Evaluation of medical and surgical management of critical extremity XXXX caused by atherothrombosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombectomy stenotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: (1) @entity295 is fatal in 30-50% of cases, despite antibiotic therapy and intensive care. (2) The first specific treatment to be marketed in France was HA-IA monoclonal antibodies, in 1991. However, marketing approval was granted precipitously, on the basis of a single, controversial comparative trial, and the product was withdrawn after a second trial gave negative results. (3) Marketing authorization for drotrecogin alfa (recombinant activated @entity3790 ) was granted in 2002 for this indication. (4) The product was approved after a single comparative double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 1 690 @entity1 . The protocol was modified during the trial, to exclude @entity1 at high risk of @entity204 from causes unrelated to @entity295 . The manufacturing process was also changed, making it difficult to interpret the results of this trial. (5) The trial found that drotrecogin alfa reduced mortality (by 6% in absolute values: 25% versus 31%), but also increased the risk of severe @entity548 , the main adverse effect (3.5% versus 2%). (6) Retrospective subgroup analyses identified @entity1 most likely to benefit from drotrecogin alfa, and also @entity1 who would be needlessly exposed to an additional risk. (7) Drotrecogin alfa is a very expensive drug. (8) In practice, this clinical trial should be considered preliminary. Other, strictly designed and conducted trials are therefore required.

title: Drotrecogin alfa: new preparation. For some cases of severe XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Severe sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity4224 is the main vector of dengue viruses. Methods for limiting the spread of dengue outbreaks are currently based on vector control. Estimates of population genetic organization and gene flow with respect to vector capacity have provided great insights into dengue epidemiology. In Vietnam, @entity7643 was detected in the 1950's and becomes today the major problem of public health. Among factors influencing dengue epidemiology, ecological disturbances have a direct impact on vectorial system functioning. @entity1 activities through urbanization creating sanitary conditions are convenient to the vector proliferation and then, to @entity779 . To assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of dengue in South-East Asia, we studied the genetic differentiation and the vector competence towards @entity19158 at two scales: at a spatial level (a local scale (i.e., Ho Chi Minh City) and a regional scale (i.e., Cambodia, Thailand and South Vietnam) and at a temporal scale. This study allows to propose a model of Ae. aegypti population functioning according space and time. Dynamics of dengue virus diffusion in relation with the vector, depend on the population genetic composition and its evolution.

title: [ XXXX , vector of the dengue virus: spatio-temporal structure of its genetic variation].

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue endemisation']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of minor amputation may vary significantly, and determinants of minor amputation have not been studied systematically. We evaluated minor amputation rate, the determinants of minor amputation and differences in amputation rate between European centres. METHODS: In the Eurodiale study, a prospective cohort study of 1232 @entity1 (1088 followed until end-point) with a new @entity4760 were followed on a monthly basis until healing, @entity204 , major amputation or up to a maximum of 1 year. Ulcers were treated according to international guidelines. Baseline characteristics independently associated with minor amputation were examined using multiple logistic regression modelling. Based on the results of the multivariable analysis, a disease severity score was calculated for each @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four (18%) @entity1 underwent a minor amputation. Predictors of minor amputation were depth of the @entity1066 (odds ratio 6.08, confidence interval 4.10-9.03), @entity3657 (odds ratio 1.84, confidence interval 1.30-2.60), @entity281 (odds ratio 1.56, confidence interval 1.05-2.30) and male sex (odds ratio 1.42, confidence interval 0.99-2.04). Minor amputation rate varied between 2.4 and 34% in the centres. Minor amputation rate in centres correlated strongly with disease severity score at the moment of presentation to the foot clinic (r=0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Minor amputation is performed frequently in @entity6 foot centres throughout Europe and is determined by depth of the @entity3657 , @entity281 and male sex. There are important differences in amputation rate between the European centres, which can be explained in part by severity of disease at presentation. This may suggest that early referral to foot clinics can prevent minor amputations.

title: Differences in minor amputation rate in XXXX throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer, peripheral arterial disease', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot disease']


abstract: @entity158 may be considered a diagnostic alarm that acknowledges but usually fails to determine the etiology of a particular clinical problem. Diagnosis thus involves the extraction of additional information from a @entity1 in order to determine rational bases for treatment. The process is ill-defined and fraught with error unless the diagnostician is aware of all and only the relevant diagnostic alternatives. This list of alternatives plus an appreciation of the likelihood of each possible diagnostic outcome determines the fastest rate that diagnostic information can be processed by any system in the absence of unpredictable events called noise. @entity1 diagnosticians must be fluent in the "language" used to convey the desired information if performance is to be optimized. In general this involves restructuring the diagnostic task into smaller pieces which are easier to digest perceptually. One way to accomplish this is to ignore or eliminate patterns which are either irrelevant or occur so rarely (or so commonly) that they usually have negligible impact on diagnostic performance. The utility of a diagnosis is determined ultimately by the degree to which it influences the health and well-being of both the @entity1 and society at large. Hence, the consequence of a particular disease may offset the low diagnostic yield per examination resulting from a low or high prevalence of the disease. When diagnostic patterns are limited by ignorance to only signs and/or symptoms such as @entity158 , the diagnostic process loses its meaning and treatment decisions are compromised necessarily by uncertainty.

title: XXXX and the diagnostic process: conceptions and misconceptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Observational studies indicate periodontal @entity281 as a risk factor for @entity262 conditions like @entity65 and preterm low birth weight. This paper reviews and argues the biological plausibility for a periodontal @entity262 link and reviews the available experimental data from animal models and @entity1 intervention trials. Five principal lines of evidence can be used to explain the biological plausibility of a link. First, @entity281 in general has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both @entity731 and @entity3152 . Periodontal @entity281 secondly causes transient and @entity258 and endotoxaemias in @entity1 . Thirdly, periodontal @entity281 promotes @entity262 inflammatory and immune responses that may play @entity66 . Periodontal pathogens express specific virulence factors that can affect atherogenic or parturition events. Lastly, periodontal pathogens have also been isolated from non-oral tissues like @entity1856 . Experimental data derived from rodent and @entity1707 models indicate that @entity281 with the periodontal pathogen, @entity2523 , can increase @entity1856 size or reduce litter weights as compared to controls. While @entity1 intervention data are lacking for @entity1 at risk for @entity65 , early data indicate that periodontal therapy administered to pregnant mothers with @entity2521 can reduce the incidence of preterm low birth weight deliveries. Nevertheless, more and larger intervention trials are needed before we can fully accept periodontal @entity281 as a true risk factor in the causal pathways of @entity65 and preterm low birth weight.

title: The periodontal XXXX link: a review of the truth or myth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['roles in disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic', 'infection-systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or bacteraemias', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaques', 'atheroma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade bacteraemias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['infection-systemic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Anticoagulants need to be stopped preprocedure so there is little or no remaining anticoagulant effect. We assessed the residual anticoagulant effect with standardized interruption for @entity1 on @entity3926 . With this protocol, 80-86% of @entity1 had no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of a procedure. A standardized perioperative @entity3926 protocol appears to be safe, but requires further study. SUMMARY: Background In @entity1 taking @entity3926 who require treatment interruption for a surgery/procedure, a sufficient interruption interval is needed so that there is little or no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of the surgery/procedure. Methods A prospective cohort study of @entity1 receiving @entity3926 (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily) who required an elective surgery/procedure and received a standardized @entity3926 interruption protocol based on surgery/procedure @entity548 risk and renal function was performed. Before the surgery/procedure, a blood sample was taken for measurement of the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), @entity556 time (TT), and dilute @entity556 time (dTT). We determined the proportion of all @entity1 and those having a high @entity548 risk surgery/procedure with normal coagulation test results at the time of the surgery/procedure. The APTT and dTT were considered to be most likely to reflect a @entity3926 anticoagulant effect. @entity1 were followed up for 30 days postprocedure to assess for @entity548 and @entity1031 . Results One hundred and eighty-one @entity1 were studied: 118 with low @entity548 risk, and 63 with high @entity548 risk. For all @entity1 , the proportions with normal PT, APTT, TT dTT levels were 92.8%, 79.6%, 33.1%, and 80.7%, respectively. In @entity1 with high @entity548 risk, the proportions with normal PT, APTT, TT dTT levels were 93.7%, 85.7%, 57.1%, and 87.3%, respectively. During follow-up, there was one (0.6%) @entity548 , there were nine (5.0%) minor @entity548 , and there was one (0.6%) transient @entity63 attack. Conclusions In @entity1 receiving @entity3926 who require an elective surgery/procedure, a standardized interruption protocol yielded 80-86% of @entity1 with no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of surgery/procedure, and with a low incidence of @entity548 .

title: Effect of standardized perioperative XXXX interruption on the residual anticoagulation effect at the time of surgery or procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds', 'major bleed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3926 :: (MESH:C554682,Chemical) :: ['dabigatran']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the time from symptom onset to hospital admission of @entity1 with suspected @entity64 , final diagnoses and @entity1 eligibility for thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN: Hospital-based, prospective, observational study. SETTING: Royal Adelaide @entity64 Unit, South Australia. @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted to the unit with suspected @entity64 over 11 months (11 April to 10 October 2000 and 20 August 2001 to 19 January 2002). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from symptom onset to admission; final diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 284 @entity1 admitted, 39 (14%) had diagnoses other than @entity64 (including eight with transient @entity2142 ), 42 (15%) had @entity548 and 203 (71%) had @entity64 . Median time to admission after symptom onset was 6 hours (range, 30 min to 13 days), with 100 @entity1 admitted within 3 hours of symptom onset (35%), and 80 within 2 hours (28%). Thirty-seven @entity1 (13%) could have been considered for thrombolysis (diagnosis of non-severe but disabling @entity64 and admission time < 3 hours). Location at @entity64 onset was the only independent predictor of time to admission. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity64 do not present urgently to the emergency department, rendering them less likely to be considered for thrombolytic therapy.

title: Time to hospital admission for XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Stroke', 'stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical outcome and prognostic factors of pediatric @entity189 , provide the basis for the rational treatment, and improve the cure rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric @entity189 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed diagnosis and aged from 11 to 18 years old were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 received intensity-modulated radiation therapy, dose of GTVnx 6400-7425 cGy, PGTVnx 6400-7050 cGy, @entity343 15,400-6000 cGy, @entity343 25,000-5490 cGy, and GTVnd 6000-6996 cGy were given. Among these @entity1 , 29 received various chemotherapies. The Kaplan-Meier test and log-rank test of SPSS 17.0 statistic software package were used to calculate survival rate, compare and analyze the survival rates of each group. Cox model was used to analyzing the prognosis factors. RESULTS: In this study, the median survival time was 44.5 months, and the median follow-up time is 62.5 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 100.0%, 93.2%, 85.7%, respectively, in stage III, and 94.8%, 88.3%, and 64.7% in stage IV. All @entity1 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.2%, 90.5%, and 74.2%. Univariate analysis resulted that N stage (P = 0.043), chemotherapy (P = 0.003) and the radiotherapy dose (P = 0.028) were significant factors for survival. On multivariate analysis, only the N stage influence survival. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric @entity189 , the more important prognostic factors are N stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose. @entity1 with N2-3 should be treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

title: Clinical and prognostic analysis in 32 pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'nasopharyngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical and urodynamic results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to original and PErFecTED prostate artery embolization (PAE) methods for @entity1067 . METHODS: We prospectively randomized 30 @entity1 to receive TURP or original PAE (oPAE) and compared them to a cohort of @entity1 treated by PErFecTED PAE, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. @entity1 were assessed for urodynamic parameters, prostate volume, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: All groups were comparable for all pre-treatment parameters except bladder contractility and peak urine flow rate (Q max), both of which were significantly better in the TURP group, and IIEF score, which was significantly higher among PErFecTED PAE @entity1 than TURP @entity1 . All groups experienced significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, prostate volume, and Q max. TURP and PErFecTED PAE both resulted in significantly lower IPSS than oPAE but were not significantly different from one another. TURP resulted in significantly higher Q max and significantly smaller prostate volume than either original or PErFecTED PAE but required spinal anesthesia and hospitalization. Two @entity1 in the oPAE group with hypocontractile bladders experienced recurrence of symptoms and were treated with TURP. In the TURP group, @entity322 occurred in 4/15 @entity1 (26.7 %), @entity397 of the prostatic capsule in 1/15 (6.7 %), @entity2754 in all @entity1 (100 %), and one @entity1 was readmitted for temporary bladder irrigation due to @entity811 . CONCLUSIONS: TURP and PAE are both safe and effective treatments. TURP and PErFecTED PAE yield similar symptom improvement, but TURP is associated with both better urodynamic results and more adverse events.

title: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Versus Original and PErFecTED Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) Due to XXXX ( @entity1067 ): Preliminary Results of a Single Center, Prospective, Urodynamic-Controlled Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical and urodynamic results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to original and PErFecTED prostate artery embolization (PAE) methods for @entity1067 . METHODS: We prospectively randomized 30 @entity1 to receive TURP or original PAE (oPAE) and compared them to a cohort of @entity1 treated by PErFecTED PAE, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. @entity1 were assessed for urodynamic parameters, prostate volume, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: All groups were comparable for all pre-treatment parameters except bladder contractility and peak urine flow rate (Q max), both of which were significantly better in the TURP group, and IIEF score, which was significantly higher among PErFecTED PAE @entity1 than TURP @entity1 . All groups experienced significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, prostate volume, and Q max. TURP and PErFecTED PAE both resulted in significantly lower IPSS than oPAE but were not significantly different from one another. TURP resulted in significantly higher Q max and significantly smaller prostate volume than either original or PErFecTED PAE but required spinal anesthesia and hospitalization. Two @entity1 in the oPAE group with hypocontractile bladders experienced recurrence of symptoms and were treated with TURP. In the TURP group, @entity322 occurred in 4/15 @entity1 (26.7 %), @entity397 of the prostatic capsule in 1/15 (6.7 %), @entity2754 in all @entity1 (100 %), and one @entity1 was readmitted for temporary bladder irrigation due to @entity811 . CONCLUSIONS: TURP and PAE are both safe and effective treatments. TURP and PErFecTED PAE yield similar symptom improvement, but TURP is associated with both better urodynamic results and more adverse events.

title: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Versus Original and PErFecTED Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) Due to @entity1067 ( XXXX ): Preliminary Results of a Single Center, Prospective, Urodynamic-Controlled Analysis.

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['BPH']


abstract: Dynamic MR longitudinal R(1) relaxometry after administration of a @entity2287 contrast bolus ( @entity7241 ) has been used for in vivo measurements of the extracellular volume fraction (v) and the capillary permeability (k min(-1)) in @entity95 muscles to distinguish between red slow- and white fast-twitch muscle fiber types. For this purpose a protocol imaging sequence has been used which allows fast R(1) measurements during the contrast agent uptake. Physiological tissue parameters, k and v, were obtained by computing procedures assuming a simplified monoexponential plasma model. These were shown to be about twice as large in the slow-twitch semimembranosous proprius muscle (SP), containing 100% oxidative type-I fiber, that in the fast-twitch rectus femorus muscle (RF), containing only 6% type-I fiber type. The capillary permeability has been found to be 0.25 +/- 0.02 min(-1) for the (SP) and 0.10 +/- 0.01 min(-1) for the (RF). Similarly, the extracellular volume fractions were 0.189 +/- 0.015 and 0.082 +/- 0.006 respectively, in close agreement with literature data and experimental results obtained by invasive radionuclide measurements. For the pool of the 10 studied animals, no significant variation among animals was observed in the extracellular volume fraction and the capillary permeability for the different muscle fiber types. The dynamic relaxometry method used is easy to implement on conventional MR imagers and has potential applications in @entity121 . The method has also potential applications for tissue characterization based on extracellular volume and capillary permeability quantification. In particular, the method can be used for the evaluation of @entity5 and their responses to therapies.

title: Measurements of extracellular volume fraction and capillary permeability in tissues using dynamic spin-lattice relaxometry: studies in XXXX muscles.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle diseases']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Traditional @entity5 treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy continue to have limited efficacy due to @entity5 . While bacterial @entity5 therapy has the potential to overcome this problem, it comes with the risk of @entity137 and @entity281 . To circumvent these issues, this paper investigates the anti- @entity5 effects of non-viable bacterial derivatives of Clostridium sporogenes. These non-viable derivatives are heat-inactivated C. sporogenes bacteria (IB) and the secreted bacterial proteins in culture media, known as @entity558 ( @entity558 ). In this project, the effects of IB and @entity558 on CT26 and HCT116 @entity14 cells were examined on a 2-Dimensional (2D) and 3-Dimensional (3D) platform. IB significantly inhibited cell proliferation of CT26 to 6.3% of the control in 72   hours for the 2D monolayer culture. In the 3D spheroid culture, cell proliferation of HCT116 spheroids notably dropped to 26.2%. Similarly the @entity558 also remarkably reduced the cell-proliferation of the CT26 cells to 2.4% and 20% in the 2D and 3D models, respectively. Interestingly the effect of boiled @entity558 (BCM) on the cells in the 3D model was less inhibitory than that of @entity558 . Thus, the inhibitive effect of inactivated C. sporogenes and its @entity558 on @entity14 cells is established.

title: Effect of Heat-Inactivated Clostridium sporogenes and Its Conditioned Media on 3-Dimensional XXXX Cell Models.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned media']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: The rapid and selective accumulation of neutrophils into the lungs is thought to underlie the @entity358 that leads to sepsis-related @entity204 . In this study we investigated whether neutrophil @entity1990 is important in @entity558 -induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment by creating chimeric @entity19 (transferring bone marrow between @entity1990 (+/+) and @entity1990 (-/-) @entity19 ). In @entity1990 (+/+) @entity19 receiving @entity1990 (-/-) bone marrow, 6 weeks after transplant @entity1990 was absent in all circulating leukocytes as well as in resident macrophages (these @entity19 were termed LeukocyteTLR4(-/-)), and these cells were completely nonresponsive to @entity558 . In @entity1990 (-/-) @entity19 receiving @entity1990 (+/+) bone marrow, endothelial cells but not leukocytes were deficient in @entity1990 (EndotheliumTLR4(-/-)). Surprisingly, systemic @entity558 (0.5 mg/kg) induced a dramatic increase in neutrophil sequestration into the lungs of LeukocyteTLR4(-/-) @entity19 over the first 4 hours. Concomitantly, numbers of circulating leukocytes decreased by 90%. By contrast, EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity19 showed very little increase in neutrophil sequestration in the lungs, suggesting that endothelium rather than leukocyte @entity1990 was important. Intravital microscopy of peripheral microcirculation in the cremaster muscle revealed about 30-fold more leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in @entity558 -treated EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity19 than in @entity558 -treated LeukocyteTLR4(-/-) @entity19 . This is consistent with less sequestration of leukocytes into the lungs of EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity19 . In conclusion, our data challenge the view that @entity558 directly activates neutrophils to trap in lungs and suggest a far more important role than previously appreciated for the endothelial cells.

title: Endothelium-derived Toll-like receptor-4 is the key molecule in XXXX -induced neutrophil sequestration into lungs.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary failure']

answer: @entity558 :: (MESH:C536528,Disease) :: ['LPS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The management of @entity1412 is undoubtedly a controversial subject. The part played by surgery seems to be steadily growing, if the number of published reports dedicated to this approach is any yardstick. Although the medical treatment remains the undisputed therapeutic mainstay, trials dedicated to the long-term assessment of its overall efficacy are scarce. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. METHODS: The aim of the study is focused on the evaluation of a dual modality, topical and systemic, over a follow-up period of 3 years. In all, 100 @entity1 were treated according to a standardized therapeutic protocol combining short-term oral administration of @entity617 and daily intranasal spray of @entity2715 . RESULTS: Over the follow-up period of 3 years, this dual modality proved to be successful in 85% of the @entity1 ; only 15% had to undergo surgery after its failure. The average symptom reduction reached an improvement rate varying from 58% to 80%, according to the symptom type. The daily dosage of @entity617 and @entity2715 was progressively decreased while the gain in nasal comfort was being preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Management of nasal @entity1127 should be primarily medical. Resorting to surgical procedures should not be envisaged before a trial is conducted of dual steroid therapy under a regimen of strict compliance to treatment.

title: Corticosteroid treatment in XXXX with a three-year follow-up period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: For this study, all displaced @entity1642 of the femoral shaft treated during a 20-year period at a national military hospital were analyzed. Ten previously healthy male recruits sustained displaced @entity3330 , the incidence being 1.5 per 100,000 @entity1 -years in military service. The median age of the @entity1 was 19 years (range, 18-20 years). None had any previous @entity1642 . The median body mass index was normal. Before the @entity174 , nine recruits experienced thigh or knee @entity158 for 1 to 6 weeks. Six of the 10 @entity174 were located in the distal third of the diaphysis. Only one @entity174 occurred in the proximal third. Six @entity174 showed a noncomminuted, oblique, or oblique-transverse configuration. Five @entity174 were treated using an intramedullary nail, four @entity174 with a dynamic compression plate, and one with a dynamic condylar screw-plate. The bone at the site of @entity174 proved to be abnormally brittle. In six @entity1 this resulted in additional comminution intraoperatively. Two reoperations were necessary to exchange a nail and a screw because of technical faults. The median time to solid bony union was 3.5 months (range, 3-5 months). The recruits returned to light duty military service 6 weeks postoperatively, on the average. Two were exempted from military service for 2 years. Displacement is a rare, highly undesirable consequence of fatigue osteopathy of the femoral shaft among young recruits during basic military training. Preventive methods should focus on early, effective detection of developing @entity1642 to avoid a displaced @entity174 , with subsequent prolonged morbidity and possible complications. Gentle handling of the bone during the @entity174 fixation procedure is imperative because of the extraordinary brittleness of the @entity174 fragments.

title: XXXX of the femoral shaft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue fractures']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral shaft fatigue fractures']

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['Displaced fatigue fractures']


abstract: Enhanced cerebrovascular resistance under pathologic conditions, like @entity2553 after @entity510 , seems to be caused by the vasocontractile effect of @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ). Therefore, the effect of the novel and ET(A) receptor selective antagonist @entity15940 was characterized by the contraction and relaxation induced by @entity1827 and bigET-1 on @entity35 basilar artery. Basilar artery ring segments with (E+) and without (E-) functionally intact endothelium were prepared to measure the isometric force. Concentration-effect curves were constructed by cumulative application of @entity1827 or bigET-1 in the presence of @entity15940 (10(-7)M, 10(-6)M, and 10(-5)M). The effect of @entity15940 was determined by the pA(2) value. The contraction by @entity1827 and bigET-1 was inhibited by @entity15940 in a dose-dependent manner. The pA(2) values for @entity1827 and for bigET-1 were 6.51 +/- 0.39 (E+) and 6.67 +/- 0.43 (E-), and 7.03 +/- 0.32 (E+) and 7.24 +/- 0.31 (E-) respectively. The E(max) values for bigET-1 but not for @entity1827 were reduced significantly in the presence of @entity15940 . A significant relaxation by @entity1827 or bigET-1 was observed only in the presence of @entity15940 . This relaxation was inhibited by @entity15940 in higher concentrations, with pA(2) values of 5.68 +/- 0.05 ( @entity1827 ) and 5.50 +/- 0.39 (bigET-1). The current data correlate with a competitive inhibition of ET(A) receptor-mediated contraction and relaxation, caused by ET(B) receptor activation on cerebral vessels by @entity15940 . The selectivity for the ET(A) receptor was approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, the results may suggest an inhibition of the functional ET-converting enzyme activity by @entity15940 .

title: Cerebrovascular characterization of the novel nonpeptide endothelin-A receptor antagonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm']

answer: @entity15940 :: (MESH:C467894,Chemical) :: ['LU 208075']


abstract: Six hundred ambulatory @entity1 were screened with the Endo-pap cytology sampler in two medical centers. None of the @entity1 developed complications from the use of the instrument. Their smears were routinely processed together with cervical cytology smears. One hundred fifty-three of these @entity1 had a tissue diagnosis by endometrial biopsy, dilatation and curettage, or hysterectomy. Adequate cytology specimens were obtained in 93% of these @entity1 . In these 153 @entity1 , 32 (18%) had a tissue diagnosis of @entity1204 , and 31 @entity1 had a tissue diagnosis of @entity1869 . The cytology samples obtained with this device were diagnostic of @entity1204 in 30 (94%) of these 32 @entity1 and ten (32%) of the @entity1 with @entity1869 . Two @entity1 (1.6%) were diagnosed falsely positive. The Endo-pap cytology sampler is considered a safe and effective screening tool for @entity1204 . Its value in diagnosing @entity1869 remains to be determined.

title: Cytologic diagnosis of XXXX using the Endo-pap sampler.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The Revised European @entity706 (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) relies on the constellation of cytologic, phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics of @entity1893 . For the most part, the classification does not rely on architectural pattern for classification of @entity5 . This classification makes it possible to diagnose and classify @entity706 by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). In this study, we attempted to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing and classifying @entity1893 within the context of the REAL/WHO classifications. Cases included only those in which FNA was the primary diagnosis, followed by a surgical biopsy for confirmation. @entity450 ( @entity450 ) for phenotyping was carried out whenever material was available. Two groups of pathologists were identified. Group A consisted of pathologists with background training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (three pathologists). Group B consisted of experienced surgical pathologists with no training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (four pathologists). Seventy-four cases were included in the study. @entity450 phenotyping was performed in 53 cases (71%). @entity706 constituted 63% of the cases. The remaining @entity706 included Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, lymphoblastic, follicle center cell, Ki-1, mantle cell, marginal zone, and natural killer cell @entity706 . The diagnosis of @entity706 was rendered for all cases. The correct classification was seen in 63% of the cases. Classification was more accurate in immunophenotyped than in nonimmunophenotyped cases (84% vs 33%; P = 0.00004). Group A pathologists showed higher incidence of proper classification than group B (80% vs 56%; P = 0.046). The diagnosis and classification of @entity1893 can be achieved in a large number of cases on FNA material. This accuracy can be increased if cytomorphologic criteria are established for different entities of @entity1893 aided by @entity450 for phenotyping.

title: Primary diagnosis and REAL/WHO classification of XXXX by fine-needle aspiration: cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic approach.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Flow cytometry', 'FCM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Large cell lymphoma', 'lymphoma', 'American lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and the extract of Vitex agnus castus are effective for the treatment of @entity14052 ( @entity14052 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study comparing the efficacy of the SRIs with Vitex agnus castus (AC) extract. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of @entity905 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with that of the AC extract, a natural choice. After a period of 2 screening months to screen the @entity1 for suitability, 41 @entity1 with @entity14052 according to DSM-IV were recruited into the study. The @entity1 were randomized to @entity905 or AC for 2 months of single-blind, rater- blinded and prospective treatment period. The outcome measures included the Penn daily symptom report (DSR), the @entity308 rating scale (HAM-D), and the clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) and -improvement (CGI-I) scales. At endpoint, using the clinical criterion for improvement, a similar percentage of @entity1 responded to @entity905 (68.4%, n = 13) and AC (57.9%, n = 11). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the rate of responders. This preliminary study suggests that @entity1 with @entity14052 respond well to treatment with both @entity905 and AC. However, @entity905 was more effective for @entity1109 while the extract diminished the physical symptoms.

title: @entity905 versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14052 :: ('MESH:D065446', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual dysphoric disorder', 'PMDD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hamilton depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity14052 :: (MESH:D065446,Disease) :: ['premenstrual dysphoric disorder']


abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and the extract of Vitex agnus castus are effective for the treatment of @entity14052 ( @entity14052 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study comparing the efficacy of the SRIs with Vitex agnus castus (AC) extract. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of @entity905 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with that of the AC extract, a natural choice. After a period of 2 screening months to screen the @entity1 for suitability, 41 @entity1 with @entity14052 according to DSM-IV were recruited into the study. The @entity1 were randomized to @entity905 or AC for 2 months of single-blind, rater- blinded and prospective treatment period. The outcome measures included the Penn daily symptom report (DSR), the @entity308 rating scale (HAM-D), and the clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) and -improvement (CGI-I) scales. At endpoint, using the clinical criterion for improvement, a similar percentage of @entity1 responded to @entity905 (68.4%, n = 13) and AC (57.9%, n = 11). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the rate of responders. This preliminary study suggests that @entity1 with @entity14052 respond well to treatment with both @entity905 and AC. However, @entity905 was more effective for @entity1109 while the extract diminished the physical symptoms.

title: XXXX versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of @entity14052 .

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['Fluoxetine']


abstract: @entity1164 is responsible for >40% of @entity1 with @entity712 losing their lives. Thus, the prevention of life-threatening @entity943 is a major goal in the management of @entity712 . In several randomized clinical trials, electrical therapy with the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has proved superior to medical antiarrhythmic therapy in both the secondary and primary prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with reduced left ventricular function. In addition to the severity of @entity1002 , the etiology of the @entity296 appears to be a determinant in the benefit derived from this form of electrical therapy. Whereas @entity1 with @entity296 clearly show improved survival with @entity737 therapy, outcome data in @entity1 with @entity296 are less convincing. The major challenge lies in the risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity712 for @entity204 . Catheter ablation is another form of electrical therapy that can help in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity712 . In @entity1 with a @entity591 -mediated @entity296 because of drug-refractory @entity955 with rapid ventricular response, catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node and pacemaker implantation can effectively restore a physiologic heart rate, often with dramatic regression of @entity1002 . In @entity1 with frequent @entity737 therapies because of frequent recurrences of @entity1165 , catheter ablation of @entity1165 can be an effective adjunctive therapy. New catheter ablation techniques and new atrial pacing algorithms can also significantly reduce the @entity955 burden in @entity1 with @entity712 who are particularly susceptible to decompensation because of @entity955 . Pacing for hemodynamic benefit in @entity712 has evolved from dual-chamber pacing modes with optimized atrioventricular delay to biventricular pacing resulting in cardiac resynchronization. This new treatment modality for advanced @entity712 has been shown to result in significant symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement.

title: Prevention and management of chronic XXXX with electrical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Although extensive attention has been devoted to the window of preconditioning, only few studies investigated the efficacy of preconditioning against @entity63 with increasing durations. To date, a "ceiling of protection" has been demonstrated to occur with early preconditioning but nothing is known about delayed preconditioning. Accordingly, the efficacy of a @entity842 (NO)-donor-induced delayed preconditioning was tested against @entity63 insults of increasing duration. Accordingly, 65 @entity95 received a 75-min intravenous infusion of either saline (control group), or an NO-donor ( @entity16475 ) at 3 microg/kg/min (SNAP-3 group) or 30 microg/kg/min (SNAP-30 group). Twenty-four hours later, @entity95 randomly underwent either a 15-, 20-, or a 30-min @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ). @entity1188 size was assessed after 72-h reperfusion ( @entity5045 staining, percentage of the area at risk). After 15-min @entity1563 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 reduced @entity1188 size compared with control (10 +/- 3, 5 +/- 1 versus 29 +/- 8%, respectively; p < 0.05). After 20-min @entity1563 , significant cardioprotection was only observed with SNAP-30 (29 +/- 4, 21 +/- 6 versus 36 +/- 2% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). After 30-min @entity1563 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 failed to reduce @entity1188 size (48 +/- 2, 50 +/- 5 versus 50 +/- 4% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a dose-related ceiling of protection with delayed preconditioning induced by an NO donor. It supports that delayed preconditioning might exert its maximal beneficial effect with early reperfusion and this finding supports the necessary use of different durations of @entity63 when investigating cardioprotective strategies.

title: Evidence for a ceiling of cardioprotection with a @entity842 donor-induced delayed preconditioning in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity16475 :: ('MESH:D026423', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion', 'CAO']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Although extensive attention has been devoted to the window of preconditioning, only few studies investigated the efficacy of preconditioning against @entity63 with increasing durations. To date, a "ceiling of protection" has been demonstrated to occur with early preconditioning but nothing is known about delayed preconditioning. Accordingly, the efficacy of a @entity842 (NO)-donor-induced delayed preconditioning was tested against @entity63 insults of increasing duration. Accordingly, 65 @entity95 received a 75-min intravenous infusion of either saline (control group), or an NO-donor ( @entity16475 ) at 3 microg/kg/min (SNAP-3 group) or 30 microg/kg/min (SNAP-30 group). Twenty-four hours later, @entity95 randomly underwent either a 15-, 20-, or a 30-min @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ). @entity1188 size was assessed after 72-h reperfusion ( @entity5045 staining, percentage of the area at risk). After 15-min @entity1563 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 reduced @entity1188 size compared with control (10 +/- 3, 5 +/- 1 versus 29 +/- 8%, respectively; p < 0.05). After 20-min @entity1563 , significant cardioprotection was only observed with SNAP-30 (29 +/- 4, 21 +/- 6 versus 36 +/- 2% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). After 30-min @entity1563 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 failed to reduce @entity1188 size (48 +/- 2, 50 +/- 5 versus 50 +/- 4% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a dose-related ceiling of protection with delayed preconditioning induced by an NO donor. It supports that delayed preconditioning might exert its maximal beneficial effect with early reperfusion and this finding supports the necessary use of different durations of @entity63 when investigating cardioprotective strategies.

title: Evidence for a ceiling of cardioprotection with a XXXX donor-induced delayed preconditioning in @entity95 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The authors have used xenogeneic immune ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1358 . This has been used in conjunction with renal artery embolization, delayed nephrectomy, and progestational therapy, using immune RNA derived from @entity742 cell lymphocytes immunized with @entity1 's @entity5 . Four of 5 @entity1 with Stage I disease had extremely large @entity5 . This group is alive with no evidence of disease at twelve to twenty-four months. There are no Stage II @entity5 in this group. One @entity1 with @entity5 is alive at twenty-two months without evidence of disease. Three @entity1 with @entity3 are stable at five to twenty-two months. Two @entity1 have progressive disease at three and six months. This treatment has not been effective in @entity1 with massive @entity5 burden. The results in the other groups are encouraging.

title: Treatment of XXXX with renal infarction, delayed nephrectomy, medroxyprogesterone, and xenogeneic immune RNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Stage III tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency and prognostic factors of radiographic progression in a series of Spanish @entity1 with early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) after 1 yr of treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 (47 females, 13 males) with @entity309 with a disease duration shorter than 2 yr [mean (s.d.) duration 9.5+/-6.6 months] were treated with the same therapeutic protocol using gold salts as the first DMARD and @entity1499 as a second option, and were followed up for 1 yr. Radiographic progression in the hands and feet (total radiographic Larsen score and the @entity2681 joint count) was used as the outcome variable. Clinical, laboratory, immunogenetic and radiographic data were obtained at study entry. Disease activity and response to therapy were measured at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: @entity66 was found in 21.7% of @entity1 at baseline and in 38.3% after 1 yr. Although a substantial reduction in disease activity was observed during the 1 yr follow-up [disease activity score (DAS28) 5.8+/-0.8 at entry and 3.9+/-1.3 at 12 months, P < 0.001], the Larsen score rose from 1.9+/-3.3 to 5.6+/-9.8 after 1 yr. In 26.6% of @entity1 , a raised @entity2681 joint count was observed after 1 yr. Radiographic progression in the total joint radiographic damage (increase in Larsen score of >or=2) was observed in 36.6%. In the multivariate analysis, baseline @entity158 [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and the presence of two copies of the shared epitope were associated with radiographic progression in the @entity2681 joint count. Disease duration before study entry, @entity227 and Larsen score at baseline were significant predictors of radiographic progression in @entity16 (Larsen score). Baseline radiographic damage had the highest positive predictive value for progression. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic progression was observed in up to 36.6% of @entity1 with early @entity309 after 1 yr of @entity13655 therapy in spite of a significant reduction in disease activity. Baseline factors, such as @entity227 , disease duration until DMARD therapy, damage score at baseline and the presence of two copies of the shared epitope, were associated with radiographic progression.

title: Radiological progression in early XXXX after DMARDS: a one-year follow-up study in a clinical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['total damage']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) represents the second most frequent cause of @entity740 in the first three decades of life. It manifests histologically as @entity628 ( @entity628 ) and carries a 33% risk of relapse in a renal transplant. No efficient treatment exists. Identification of single-gene (monogenic) causes of SRNS has moved the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) to the center of its pathogenesis. Recently, mutations in >30 recessive or dominant genes were identified as causing monogenic forms of SRNS, thereby revealing the encoded proteins as essential for glomerular function. These findings helped define protein interaction complexes and functional pathways that could be targeted for treatment of SRNS. Very recently, it was discovered that in the surprisingly high fraction of    30% of all individuals who manifest with SRNS before 25 years of age, a causative mutation can be detected in one of the    30 different SRNS-causing genes. These findings revealed that SRNS and @entity628 are not single disease entities but rather are part of a spectrum of distinct diseases with an identifiable genetic etiology. Mutation analysis should be offered to all individuals who manifest with SRNS before the age of 25 years, because (i) it will provide the @entity1 and families with an unequivocal cause-based diagnosis, (ii) it may uncover a form of SRNS that is amenable to treatment (e.g. @entity7447 ), (iii) it may allow avoidance of a renal biopsy procedure, (iv) it will further unravel the puzzle of pathogenic pathways of SRNS and (v) it will permit personalized treatment options for SRNS, based on genetic causation in way of 'precision medicine'.

title: Genetic testing in XXXX -resistant @entity1985 : when and how?

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) represents the second most frequent cause of @entity740 in the first three decades of life. It manifests histologically as @entity628 ( @entity628 ) and carries a 33% risk of relapse in a renal transplant. No efficient treatment exists. Identification of single-gene (monogenic) causes of SRNS has moved the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) to the center of its pathogenesis. Recently, mutations in >30 recessive or dominant genes were identified as causing monogenic forms of SRNS, thereby revealing the encoded proteins as essential for glomerular function. These findings helped define protein interaction complexes and functional pathways that could be targeted for treatment of SRNS. Very recently, it was discovered that in the surprisingly high fraction of    30% of all individuals who manifest with SRNS before 25 years of age, a causative mutation can be detected in one of the    30 different SRNS-causing genes. These findings revealed that SRNS and @entity628 are not single disease entities but rather are part of a spectrum of distinct diseases with an identifiable genetic etiology. Mutation analysis should be offered to all individuals who manifest with SRNS before the age of 25 years, because (i) it will provide the @entity1 and families with an unequivocal cause-based diagnosis, (ii) it may uncover a form of SRNS that is amenable to treatment (e.g. @entity7447 ), (iii) it may allow avoidance of a renal biopsy procedure, (iv) it will further unravel the puzzle of pathogenic pathways of SRNS and (v) it will permit personalized treatment options for SRNS, based on genetic causation in way of 'precision medicine'.

title: Genetic testing in @entity479 -resistant XXXX : when and how?

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pregnancy during radiosurgery is extremely rare in clinical practice. We report fetal dose results during CyberKnife radiosurgery for a @entity1313 in pregnancy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 26 year old pregnant @entity1 with a rapidly growing deep-seated @entity11 was treated during the third trimester of gestation using CyberKnife. Ultrasound imaging was used to determine the position of the embryo prior to treatment. A dose of 1400   cGy was prescribed aiming to control @entity5 growth until delivery of the @entity1 . Prior to radiosurgery, the treatment was simulated on an anthropomorphic phantom. Radiation dose to the embryo was measured using a Farmer chamber and EBT3 films. RESULTS: Fetal doses of 4.4   cGy and 4.1   cGy were measured for the embryo's head and legs, lying at 56   cm and 72   cm from the isocenter, respectively, using the Farmer chamber situated at 8.5   cm depth beneath the phantom surface. Dose results of 4.4   cGy, 3.5   cGy and 2.0   cGy were measured with the films situated at depths of 6.5   cm, 9.5   cm and 14.5   cm, respectively. An average dose of 4.2   cGy to the fetus was derived from the above values. A corresponding dose of 3.2   cGy was also calculated based on results obtained using EBT3 films situated upon the @entity1 skin. CONCLUSIONS: The measured fetal doses are below the threshold of 10   cGy for @entity600 , mental and @entity851 effects. The radiogenic @entity5 risk to the live-born embryo was estimated less than 0.3% over the normal incidence. The treatment was administered successfully, allowing the @entity1 to deliver a healthy @entity1 .

title: Radiation dose to the fetus during CyberKnife radiosurgery for a XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['grade-III glioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Worldwide, the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity227 and @entity1939 is 285 millions, with 65% of @entity227 and 82% of all blind @entity1 being 50 years and older. Meta-analyses have shown that two out of three blind @entity1 are @entity1 , a gender discrepancy that holds true for both developed and developing countries. @entity231 accounts for more than half of all @entity1939 globally and gender inequity in access to @entity231 surgery is the major cause of the higher prevalence of @entity1939 in @entity1 . In addition to gender differences in @entity231 surgical coverage, population-based studies on the prevalence of @entity231 indicate that @entity1 have a higher risk of developing @entity231 . Laboratory as well as epidemiologic studies suggest that @entity172 may confer antioxidative protection against cataractogenesis, but the withdrawal effect of @entity172 in menopause leads to increased risk of @entity231 in @entity1 . For the other major age-related @entity2194 ; @entity726 , @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) and @entity6 , data are inconclusive. Due to anatomic factors, angle closure @entity726 is more common in @entity1 , whereas the dominating @entity726 type; @entity725 ( @entity725 ), is more prevalent in @entity1 . @entity6 also has a male predominance and vascular/circulatory factors have been implied both in @entity6 and in @entity725 . For @entity1020 , data on gender differences are conflicting although some studies indicate increased prevalence of @entity1020 in @entity1 . To conclude, both biologic and socioeconomic factors must be considered when investigating causes of gender differences in the prevalence of age-related @entity2194 .

title: Age-related XXXX and gender.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually impaired', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases', 'eye disease']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacities', 'Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'drusen and neovascular AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['eye disease']


abstract: We describe a 19-year-old @entity1 with @entity2639 . She has suffered from bullae on pressure areas of the skin since birth. These healed with @entity2318 and caused marked @entity272 and soles and wrinkled and parchment-like skin of the dorsum of the hands and feet. Since infancy the @entity1 has also suffered from severe photosensitivity on exposed areas and developed @entity2641 on the skin of her face, neck, chest, and upper back. Since age 17 years the @entity1 has been free of bullae but moderate photosensitivity exists. Oral examination showed limitation of mouth @entity1538 , @entity9826 , @entity3232 , and @entity14705 with widespread white macules. Results of laboratory tests were within normal limits. The proposita's parents (family 1) are Jews of Kurdish origin and first cousins. She is the only one affected among five siblings. Family 1 is related to a second family (family 2) through a common great-grandfather. The parents of family 2 are first cousins and they have three affected @entity1 . An @entity74 is suggested in these two related families.

title: XXXX in two related Kurdish families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity2639 :: ('MESH:C536321', 'Disease') :: ['Kindler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloglossia']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['overjet malocclusions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the skin of the palms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of Kindler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2641 :: ('MESH:D011038', 'Disease') :: ['poikiloderma']

answer: @entity2639 :: (MESH:C536321,Disease) :: ['Kindler syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large multicenter series on outcomes and predictors of survival after distal pancreatectomy (DP) for @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) are scarce. METHODS: Adults who underwent DP for @entity1124 in 17 Dutch pancreatic centers between January 2005 and September 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was survival, and predictors of survival were identified using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 761 consecutive @entity1 after DP were assessed, of whom 620 @entity1 were excluded because of non- @entity1124 histopathology (n  =  616) or a lack of data (n  =  4), leaving a total of 141 @entity1 included in the study [45  % (n  =  63) male, mean age 64  years (SD  =  10)]. Multivisceral resection was performed in 43 @entity1 (30  %) and laparoscopic resection was performed in 7 @entity1 (5  %). A major complication (Clavien-Dindo score of III or higher) occurred in 46 @entity1 (33  %). Mean @entity5 size was 44  mm (SD  23), and histopathological examination showed 70 R0 resections (50  %), while 30-day and 90-day mortality was 3 and 6  %, respectively. Overall, 63 @entity1 (45  %) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median survival was 17  months [interquartile range (IQR) 13-21], with a median follow-up of 17  months (IQR 8-29). Cumulative survival at 1, 3 and 5  years was 64, 29, and 22  %, respectively. Independent predictors of worse postoperative survival were R1/R2 resection [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.4], @entity1803 /pT4 stage (HR 1.9, 95  % CI 1.3-2.9), a major complication (HR 1.7, 95  % CI 1.1-2.5), and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.5, 95  % CI 1.0-2.3). CONCLUSION: Survival after DP for @entity1124 is poor and is related to resection margin, @entity5 stage, surgical complications, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies should assess to what extent prevention of surgical complications and more extensive use of adjuvant chemotherapy can improve survival.

title: Outcomes of Distal Pancreatectomy for XXXX in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin-dedicated @entity8379 ( @entity8379 ) has so far mainly been employed to identify cutaneous @entity5 on freshly excised samples. We present two cases where @entity8379 has been used to diagnose @entity2583 . METHODS: The skin biopsies were evaluated by the skin-dedicated ex vivo confocal microscope VivaScope 2500(  ) (MAVIG GmbH, Munich Germany) under both reflectance and fluorescence mode. Conventional direct optical examination on skin scraping and histological examination were later performed. RESULTS: Mucormycetes observed by @entity8379 presented as hyper-reflective elongated 20  m in diameter structures with perpendicular ramifications. Fungi were found both under reflectance and fluorescence mode and were better visible with @entity8574 orange under fluorescence @entity8379 . Conventional direct optical examination on skin scraping and histological examination found the same elongated and branching structures confirming the presence of Mucormycetes. CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo confocal microscopy has both the advantages of being fast as the direct optical examination, and to be able to show the localisation of the fungi in the tissue like the histological examination. In our cases, @entity8379 allowed to rapidly confirm the clinical diagnosis of @entity2583 , which is essential for the treatment of this @entity364 . Further studies are needed to compare the performance of @entity8379 with the findings of conventional histological and mycological examinations.

title: Ex vivo confocal microscopy: a new diagnostic technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity8379 :: ('MESH:C536830', 'Disease') :: ['ex vivo confocal microscopy', 'EVCM']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'cutaneous mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['mucormycosis']


abstract: The biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in different bacteria is strongly depressed by inorganic @entity1391 . The two-component phoR-phoP system of @entity14936 has been cloned and characterized. PhoR showed all of the characteristics of the membrane-bound sensor proteins, whereas PhoP is a member of the DNA-binding OmpR family. Deletion mutants lacking phoP or phoR-phoP, were unable to grow in minimal medium at low @entity1391 concentration (10 microM). Growth was fully restored by complementation with the phoR-phoP genes. Both @entity14936 DeltaphoP and DeltaphoR-phoP deletion mutants were unable to synthesize extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AP) as shown by immunodetection with anti-AP antibodies and by enzymatic analysis, suggesting that the PhoR-PhoP system is required for expression of the AP gene (phoA). Synthesis of AP was restored by complementation of the deletion mutants with phoR-phoP. The biosynthesis of two secondary metabolites, @entity55302 and undecylprodigiosin, was significantly increased in both solid and liquid medium in the DeltaphoP or DeltaphoR-phoP deletion mutants. Negative @entity1391 control of both secondary metabolites was restored by complementation with the phoR-phoP cluster. These results prove that expression of both phoA and genes implicated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in @entity14936 is regulated by a mechanism involving the two-component PhoR-PhoP system.

title: The two-component PhoR-PhoP system controls both primary metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity55302 :: ('MESH:C013390', 'Chemical') :: ['actinorhodin']

entities_list: @entity14936 :: ('1916', 'Species') :: ['S. lividans', 'Streptomyces lividans']

answer: @entity14936 :: (1916,Species) :: ['Streptomyces lividans']


abstract: Twenty courses of @entity17597 were administered to 18 evaluable adult @entity1 with @entity3052 (14 @entity3052 , 2 @entity981 , 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two @entity1 older than 60 yr had not prior chemotherapy and the others had refractory or @entity66 . The median age was 60 yr. Three @entity3052 @entity1 achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical resistance to @entity5699 and/or @entity632 . @entity33 was dose-related and dose-limiting. @entity1209 were rare. Alopecia was constant. @entity299 was ascribed to @entity17597 in two @entity1 . One episode of @entity712 seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with @entity17597 in poor-risk @entity1 . At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity remained acceptable.

title: Phase I-II evaluation of XXXX in adults with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunomycin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['ANLL', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac arrythmia']

entities_list: @entity17597 :: ('MESH:D002360', 'Chemical') :: ['carminomycin']

answer: @entity17597 :: (MESH:D002360,Chemical) :: ['carminomycin']


abstract: Twenty courses of @entity17597 were administered to 18 evaluable adult @entity1 with @entity3052 (14 @entity3052 , 2 @entity981 , 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two @entity1 older than 60 yr had not prior chemotherapy and the others had refractory or @entity66 . The median age was 60 yr. Three @entity3052 @entity1 achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical resistance to @entity5699 and/or @entity632 . @entity33 was dose-related and dose-limiting. @entity1209 were rare. Alopecia was constant. @entity299 was ascribed to @entity17597 in two @entity1 . One episode of @entity712 seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with @entity17597 in poor-risk @entity1 . At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity remained acceptable.

title: Phase I-II evaluation of @entity17597 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical features and outcomes of gouty @entity1 with concomitant @entity5414 in a medical centre. METHODS: From the hospital database, we collected 30 hospitalized cases with concomitant @entity5414 and @entity3811 from 1987 to 2001. All @entity1 had positive bacterial culture and @entity414 crystals in the affected joints. Medical records of the @entity1 were analysed in detail. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 52.8+/-12.5 yr. One-third of @entity1 were afebrile at presentation, 30% had a normal blood leucocyte count and 10% had a synovial fluid leucocyte count less than 6000/mm3. The knee joint was the most common site of involvement, followed by the ankle, shoulder and wrist joints. Most @entity1 had long-standing disease and subcutaneous tophi. Subcutaneous @entity397 with secondary wound infection is the most common route of infection. Causative micro-organisms were @entity794 (16 cases, 7 of whom were @entity6101 -resistant), Streptococcus sp. (5 cases), Pediococcus sp. (1 case), and Gram-negative bacilli (9 cases). Fourteen @entity1 received surgical debridement, among them two @entity1 had an arthrodesis owing to severe joint destruction and one received above-knee amputation. Two @entity1 died. One died of septic complications and the other died of acute @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5414 coexistent with gout presented a diagnostic difficulty. An early diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Prompt aspiration and analysis of the synovial fluid is imperative, regardless of the absence of @entity221 or leucocytosis. Culture of the aspirated synovial fluid is warranted in gouty attack, even when it has a low white cell count or the Gram stain reveals no organisms.

title: Concomitant septic and XXXX --an analysis of 30 cases.

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'Septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tophi rupture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['monosodium urate']

answer: @entity3811 :: (MESH:D015210,Disease) :: ['gouty arthritis']


abstract: The records of 215 @entity1 presenting with 218 penetrating or @entity1913 to the extremities from 1977 through 1983 have been reviewed. All @entity1 presenting with @entity548 , expanding @entity1410 , or absent distal pulses were explored immediately. @entity1 with @entity130 in close proximity to a major artery but without classical signs of @entity1317 were explored routinely from 1977 through 1980. Thereafter, similar @entity1 were evaluated initially with contrast arteriography and explored only if arteriographic abnormalities suggested @entity1317 . Routine exploration of proximity @entity130 has been compared with selective exploration based on contrast arteriography. Sixty-one @entity1 (group 1) underwent routine exploration for proximity @entity130 . @entity1317 were detected in ten (16%) @entity1 , while 51 (84%) of the explorations were negative. Eighty-four @entity1 (group 2) with proximity @entity130 were studied arteriographically. Ten @entity1 (11.9%) were explored on the basis of abnormal arteriograms, and eight @entity1317 were confirmed. Two (2.4%) of the 84 @entity1 in this group had negative explorations. The use of contrast arteriography enabled the authors to reduce their negative exploration rate from 84 to 2.4 per cent in the management of proximity @entity130 .

title: The role of contrast arteriography in suspected XXXX of the extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury', 'Vascular injuries', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity157 ( @entity157 ) as a "bridge" to transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 117 @entity1 with @entity157 that met Milan criteria underwent bland embolization as their initial and sole therapy for treatment of @entity157 (88 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ; mean age, 60.4 y; range, 35-88 y). Subsequent postembolization contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed to determine whether Milan criteria were met in an intent-to-transplant analysis. Freedom from progression beyond Milan criteria and survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier technique. Predictors of progression and survival were also assessed. RESULTS: After embolization, 87% and 78% of @entity1 ' disease still met Milan criteria at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The median time until disease progression beyond Milan criteria was 22.6 months (95% confidence interval, 16.2-29 mo). a-Fetoprotein levels, number of lesions, United Network for Organ Sharing stage, Model for End-stage @entity409 score, and @entity82 etiology did not correlate significantly with stability within Milan criteria. A total of 34 @entity1 (29%) underwent eventual liver transplantation at a median of 3.3 months (range, 0.5-20.9 mo). Liver transplantation was a significant independent predictor of longer survival (6.9 y vs 2.6 y; P < .001). The major complication rate within 30 days of embolization was 2.6%, including one mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Bland transarterial embolization as a bridging strategy to maintain @entity157 within Milan criteria was successful in 78% of @entity1 at 1 year, which compares favorably with other locoregional embolotherapies.

title: Effectiveness of Transarterial XXXX as a Bridge to Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['effectiveness of bland transarterial embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Embolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Resistance to @entity734 ( @entity734 ) develops during treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) @entity378 ( @entity378 ), but the impact on treatment outcome has not been determined. OBJECTIVES:    To determine the relationship with treatment outcomes of (1) initial versus acquired drug resistance and (2) treatment regimens. METHODS:    @entity6371 @entity1 starting @entity734 treatment were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Sputum cultures were analyzed at a central reference laboratory. We compared subjects with successful and poor treatment outcomes in terms of (1) initial and acquired resistance to @entity2887 and second-line injectables (SLI), and (2) treatment regimens. RESULTS:    Of 1,244 @entity6371 @entity1 , 973 (78.2%) had known outcomes and 232 (18.6%) were lost to follow-up. Among those with known outcomes, treatment succeeded in 85.8% with plain @entity6371 , 69.7% with initial resistance to either a @entity3284 or SLI, 37.5% with acquired resistance to a @entity3284 or SLI, 29.3% with @entity378 , and 13.0% with acquired @entity378 (P<0.0001 for trend). In contrast, among those with known outcomes, treatment success increased stepwise from 41.6% to 92.3% as the number of proven effective drugs increased from  <=1 to >= 5 (P<0.0001 for trend); while acquired drug resistance decreased from 12%-16% range, depending on the drug, down to 0%-2% (P<0.0001 for trend). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds of treatment success decreased 0.62-fold (CL 0.56,0.69) for each increment in drug resistance and increased 2.1-fold (1.40,3.18) for each additional effective drug, controlling for differences between programs and @entity1 . Specific treatment, @entity1 and program variables were also associated with treatment outcome. CONCLUSION:    Increasing drug resistance was associated in a logical stepwise manner with poor treatment outcomes. Acquired resistance was worse than initial resistance to the same drugs. Increasing numbers of effective drugs, specific drugs, and specific program characteristics were associated with better outcomes and less acquired resistance.

title: XXXX Treatment Outcomes in Relation to Treatment, Initial and Acquired Second-Line Drug Resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['initial XDR-TB', 'XDR-TB', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['second-line drugs', 'SLD']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity173 are independently associated with advancing age, specific clinical risk factors (CRFs), and low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The use of @entity79 T-scores for quantifying @entity174 risk ignores the contribution of age and CRFs. We previously developed a mathematical model of @entity173 risk that incorporates @entity1 age, @entity79 , and the results of eleven specific CRFs. The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of an approach to @entity174 risk stratification using the full model (age, CRFs and @entity79 ) with that of a unidimensional @entity79 -only model. We selected 213 consecutive postmenopausal females (mean age 65.3, range 50-87.9) with @entity6192 data referred for @entity79 assessment of @entity174 risk. Absolute @entity173 risk (over the next 5 years and remaining lifetime) was estimated using both the full and @entity79 -only models. The mean ratio of @entity173 risks ( @entity79 -only/full model) derived for each @entity1 was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.16-4.0) for @entity173 in the next 5 years and 1.1 (CI, 0.1-7.6) for remaining lifetime. The wide confidence intervals indicate a large contribution of age and CRFs to @entity174 risk stratification. Categorization of @entity1 as "high risk" was frequently discordant for the two models. One-half of the @entity1 designated "high risk" under the full model were classified as "low risk" based upon @entity79 alone. In conclusion, we have shown that a multidimensional approach to @entity173 risk stratification is feasible, and greatly modifies risk stratification based on @entity79 alone.

title: Contribution of clinical risk factors to bone density-based absolute XXXX risk assessment in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'absolute hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity173 are independently associated with advancing age, specific clinical risk factors (CRFs), and low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The use of @entity79 T-scores for quantifying @entity174 risk ignores the contribution of age and CRFs. We previously developed a mathematical model of @entity173 risk that incorporates @entity1 age, @entity79 , and the results of eleven specific CRFs. The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of an approach to @entity174 risk stratification using the full model (age, CRFs and @entity79 ) with that of a unidimensional @entity79 -only model. We selected 213 consecutive postmenopausal females (mean age 65.3, range 50-87.9) with @entity6192 data referred for @entity79 assessment of @entity174 risk. Absolute @entity173 risk (over the next 5 years and remaining lifetime) was estimated using both the full and @entity79 -only models. The mean ratio of @entity173 risks ( @entity79 -only/full model) derived for each @entity1 was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.16-4.0) for @entity173 in the next 5 years and 1.1 (CI, 0.1-7.6) for remaining lifetime. The wide confidence intervals indicate a large contribution of age and CRFs to @entity174 risk stratification. Categorization of @entity1 as "high risk" was frequently discordant for the two models. One-half of the @entity1 designated "high risk" under the full model were classified as "low risk" based upon @entity79 alone. In conclusion, we have shown that a multidimensional approach to @entity173 risk stratification is feasible, and greatly modifies risk stratification based on @entity79 alone.

title: Contribution of clinical risk factors to bone density-based absolute @entity174 risk assessment in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using cell-free DNA for @entity2007 is a highly accurate screening test; however, concerns exist around the potential for routinisation of testing. The multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC) is a quantitative instrument developed to assess informed choice for Down syndrome screening (DSS). We have validated a modified MMIC for @entity3 and measured informed choice among @entity1 offered @entity3 in a public health service. The measure was distributed to @entity1 recruited across eight maternity units in the United Kingdom who had accepted DSS. Construct validity was assessed by simultaneously conducting qualitative interviews. Five hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were completed and 45 interviews conducted after blood-draw (or equivalent for those that declined @entity3 ). The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and internal validity. Results indicate the vast majority of @entity1 (89%) made an informed choice; 95% were judged to have good knowledge, 88% had a positive attitude and 92% had deliberated. Of the 11% judged to have made an uninformed choice, 55% had not deliberated, 41% had insufficient knowledge, and 19% had a negative attitude. Ethnicity (OR=2.78, P=0.003) and accepting @entity3 (OR=16.05, P=0.021) were found to be significant predictors of informed choice. The high rate of informed choice is likely to reflect the importance placed on the provision of pre-test counselling in this study. It will be vital to ensure that this is maintained once @entity3 is offered in routine clinical practice.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 28 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.207.

title: Development and validation of a measure of informed choice for @entity1 undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Non-invasive prenatal testing', 'NIPT']

answer: @entity2007 :: (MESH:D000782,Disease) :: ['aneuploidy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using cell-free DNA for @entity2007 is a highly accurate screening test; however, concerns exist around the potential for routinisation of testing. The multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC) is a quantitative instrument developed to assess informed choice for Down syndrome screening (DSS). We have validated a modified MMIC for @entity3 and measured informed choice among @entity1 offered @entity3 in a public health service. The measure was distributed to @entity1 recruited across eight maternity units in the United Kingdom who had accepted DSS. Construct validity was assessed by simultaneously conducting qualitative interviews. Five hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were completed and 45 interviews conducted after blood-draw (or equivalent for those that declined @entity3 ). The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and internal validity. Results indicate the vast majority of @entity1 (89%) made an informed choice; 95% were judged to have good knowledge, 88% had a positive attitude and 92% had deliberated. Of the 11% judged to have made an uninformed choice, 55% had not deliberated, 41% had insufficient knowledge, and 19% had a negative attitude. Ethnicity (OR=2.78, P=0.003) and accepting @entity3 (OR=16.05, P=0.021) were found to be significant predictors of informed choice. The high rate of informed choice is likely to reflect the importance placed on the provision of pre-test counselling in this study. It will be vital to ensure that this is maintained once @entity3 is offered in routine clinical practice.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 28 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.207.

title: Development and validation of a measure of informed choice for XXXX undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing for @entity2007 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present the cases of 4 @entity1 with @entity1358 and a contrasting case of a @entity1 with a @entity23845 from Massachusetts General Hospital. Differential diagnosis, distinguishing characteristics, and data from 32 cases in the literature are also reported. Because this rare @entity5 behaves aggressively with both regional and distant spread, a better understanding of its biologic behavior is imperative. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 4 @entity1 with @entity1358 were @entity1 and had an average age of 65 years (range, 40 to 77 years). Three @entity5 were in the posterior mandible and 1 was in the maxilla. Three @entity1 complained of @entity158 ; bony expansion and tooth mobility were noted in isolated cases. A comparison is made with other reported cases, and factors associated with recurrence and survival are presented. RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated with resection, and 1 @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy. Two @entity1 with positive surgical margins underwent further resection. All @entity1 have been followed an average of 2 years (range, 0.5 to 4 years) and presently have no evident disease. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of this @entity5 and differentiating it from other clear cell neoplasms is critical in developing an appropriate treatment plan. Management should include wide en bloc resection and long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX : evaluation of reported cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'unusual tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell odontogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity23845 :: ('MESH:C537961', 'Disease') :: ['calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma']