abstract: It is difficult to evaluate surgical stress of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Cytokine production from the liver is decreased due to the @entity409 that is usually associated with HCCs. Therefore, we evaluated surgical stress after hepatectomy by measuring intracellular cytokines of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. We examined 22 @entity1 with @entity5 (8 with @entity157 , 10 with @entity356 , and 4 with @entity418 ). The concentrations of serum @entity650 levels 6 h after hepatectomy, gastrectomy, and esophagectomy were 268 +/- 84, 309 +/- 93, and 1,323 +/- 364 pg/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference between hepatectomy and gastrectomy, though based on clinical observations, it is estimated the surgical stress of hepatectomy was greater than that of gastrectomy. Conversely, the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells 6 h after surgery was 8.5 +/- 2.8, 3.3 +/- 0.6, and 7.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively. The percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells after hepatectomy was significantly higher than that after gastrectomy. We estimated that the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells was an appropriate indicator of surgical stress on @entity157 , because the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells correlated well with the duration of surgery more than did the serum @entity650 levels. These results suggest that the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells may help in accurately evaluating surgical stress in @entity1 with @entity409 such as @entity157 .

title: [Significance of intracellular cytokines levels in peripheral lymphocytes for evaluation of surgical stress after hepatectomy in XXXX with @entity157 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although the use of @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses of @entity10840 ( @entity10840 ) had provided important mechanistic insight, the conditions used were limited by the location of @entity13130 and the use of a combination of @entity2340 (Trp) and @entity13130 fluorescence. This study examined different DNA substrates to identify several factors that can affect the observed signal in stopped-flow experiments. Both Trp and @entity13130 emissions were separately excited and monitored. It was found that both probes show a fast phase and a slow phase of fluorescence changes, but the direction and the amplitude vary greatly between the two probes and between different DNA substrates. Detailed analyses suggested that the location of @entity13130 in the template has a significant impact on the fluorescence properties of @entity13130 and that a location opposite the incoming @entity42636 , which has been used in all such studies in the past, is not optimal. In particular, the results show that placing @entity13130 one base after the templating base greatly enhances the signal intensity, which suggests a significant change in base stacking interactions at this position during @entity377 incorporation. These results allowed us to derive an improved set of conditions which were then used to reevaluate results from previous reports. It also allows greater freedom in the type of base pairs studied, since @entity13130 is not the templating base in the nascent base pair. Kinetic constants were determined for @entity42636 and catalytic @entity1025 . The results obtained from stopped-flow experiments were compared to results from chemical quench. Stopped flow of incorrect @entity42636 incorporation and the reverse reaction are also reported, which provide useful information to the mechanism of @entity10840 .

title: Use of @entity13129 and XXXX fluorescence as probes in kinetic analyses of @entity10840 .

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity10840 :: ('5423', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase beta', 'Pol beta']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: Although the use of @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses of @entity10840 ( @entity10840 ) had provided important mechanistic insight, the conditions used were limited by the location of @entity13130 and the use of a combination of @entity2340 (Trp) and @entity13130 fluorescence. This study examined different DNA substrates to identify several factors that can affect the observed signal in stopped-flow experiments. Both Trp and @entity13130 emissions were separately excited and monitored. It was found that both probes show a fast phase and a slow phase of fluorescence changes, but the direction and the amplitude vary greatly between the two probes and between different DNA substrates. Detailed analyses suggested that the location of @entity13130 in the template has a significant impact on the fluorescence properties of @entity13130 and that a location opposite the incoming @entity42636 , which has been used in all such studies in the past, is not optimal. In particular, the results show that placing @entity13130 one base after the templating base greatly enhances the signal intensity, which suggests a significant change in base stacking interactions at this position during @entity377 incorporation. These results allowed us to derive an improved set of conditions which were then used to reevaluate results from previous reports. It also allows greater freedom in the type of base pairs studied, since @entity13130 is not the templating base in the nascent base pair. Kinetic constants were determined for @entity42636 and catalytic @entity1025 . The results obtained from stopped-flow experiments were compared to results from chemical quench. Stopped flow of incorrect @entity42636 incorporation and the reverse reaction are also reported, which provide useful information to the mechanism of @entity10840 .

title: Use of XXXX and @entity2340 fluorescence as probes in kinetic analyses of @entity10840 .

answer: @entity13129 :: (MESH:D015075,Chemical) :: ['2-aminopurine']


abstract: Although the use of @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses of @entity10840 ( @entity10840 ) had provided important mechanistic insight, the conditions used were limited by the location of @entity13130 and the use of a combination of @entity2340 (Trp) and @entity13130 fluorescence. This study examined different DNA substrates to identify several factors that can affect the observed signal in stopped-flow experiments. Both Trp and @entity13130 emissions were separately excited and monitored. It was found that both probes show a fast phase and a slow phase of fluorescence changes, but the direction and the amplitude vary greatly between the two probes and between different DNA substrates. Detailed analyses suggested that the location of @entity13130 in the template has a significant impact on the fluorescence properties of @entity13130 and that a location opposite the incoming @entity42636 , which has been used in all such studies in the past, is not optimal. In particular, the results show that placing @entity13130 one base after the templating base greatly enhances the signal intensity, which suggests a significant change in base stacking interactions at this position during @entity377 incorporation. These results allowed us to derive an improved set of conditions which were then used to reevaluate results from previous reports. It also allows greater freedom in the type of base pairs studied, since @entity13130 is not the templating base in the nascent base pair. Kinetic constants were determined for @entity42636 and catalytic @entity1025 . The results obtained from stopped-flow experiments were compared to results from chemical quench. Stopped flow of incorrect @entity42636 incorporation and the reverse reaction are also reported, which provide useful information to the mechanism of @entity10840 .

title: Use of @entity13129 and @entity2340 fluorescence as probes in kinetic analyses of XXXX .

answer: @entity10840 :: (5423,Gene) :: ['DNA polymerase beta']


abstract: @entity15783 is a protein component of @entity412 -rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). In this study, two common genetic polymorphisms of the @entity15783 gene [codons 347(allele A and T) and 360 (allele 1 and 2)] were investigated in Greek @entity1 with hyperlipidaemia and in healthy individuals matched for age, sex and smoking habits. In both study populations we evaluated the effect of these polymorphic sites on lipid and lipoprotein plasma levels and the body mass index (BMI). The frequencies of the 1/1 and 1/2 genotypes in codon 360 were 0.94 and 0.06 in hyperlipidemic @entity1 and 0.92 and 0.08 in the control population, respectively. The frequencies of the A/A, A/T and T/T genotypes in codon 347 were 0.62, 0.34 and 0.04 in hyperlipidemic @entity1 and 0.59, 0.33 and 0.08 in the control population, respectively. None of the above genotype frequency differences between the study populations reached statistical significance. The control population was not affected by any polymorphism of the @entity15783 gene. Hyperlipidaemic @entity1 , carriers of the allele 2 (1/2 genotype), had significantly lower plasma @entity412 levels than carriers of the allele 1 (p = 0.03). Genetic variation in codon 347 had no influence on lipid and lipoprotein plasma levels. None of the polymorphisms at codons 360 and 347 affected the BMI. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time the genotype frequencies for polymorphic sites in codons 360 and 347 of the @entity15783 gene in a Greek population and suggests that the presence of the allele 2 is associated with lower plasma @entity412 levels in hyperlipidaemic @entity1 .

title: Genetic polymorphisms of the XXXX in a Greek population and their relation to plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity15783 :: ('337', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-IV', 'apo A-IV', 'Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV']

answer: @entity15783 :: (337,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-IV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 to @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) is rare and very few clinical data are available in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 (28 males and 56 females, 5-70 years old) with a suspicion of @entity1443 @entity56 were referred to our drug @entity566 clinic between May 1996 and May 2000. The reaction had occurred 1-96 months prior to the consultation. Single-blinded placebo-controlled oral challenges were carried out in 82 @entity1 , under strict hospital surveillance. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 experienced @entity272 82/84 (97.6%), with 10 cases of anaphylactic shock (11.9%). Twenty-six (30.9%) reactions were immediate (occurring within the first hour after drug intake), 53 (63.1%) non-immediate and five could not remember. Oral provocation tests (OPT) demonstrated @entity56 in 11 @entity1 only. The two @entity1 not tested (due to a history of life-threatening reaction) were included in the positive group. Thus, 13 (15.5%) @entity1 had @entity1443 @entity56 and 71 (84.5%) had not. All the 13 positive @entity1 had @entity272 , five with anaphylactic shock. 9/13 had immediate reactions. Using OPT, 10 out of 11 had the same clinical reaction but more delayed. In both groups, whether hypersensitive to @entity1443 or not: atopy was similar (7/13-53.8% and 31/71-43.7%), sex ratio was not different (M/F 0.3 and 0.5), 3/13 (23.1%) and 0/71 (0%) had @entity117 / @entity5018 @entity56 . CONCLUSION: The clinical history of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity56 is rarely sufficient to set a firm diagnosis and only OPT can confirm this. Careful OPT reproduces the same symptoms (not more severe in our hands) with the same or slightly more delayed chronology. Atopy and sex are not risk factors.

title: The accuracy of the diagnosis of suspected XXXX ( @entity1443 ) @entity56 : results of a single-blinded trial.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersensitivity', 'drug hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 to @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) is rare and very few clinical data are available in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 (28 males and 56 females, 5-70 years old) with a suspicion of @entity1443 @entity56 were referred to our drug @entity566 clinic between May 1996 and May 2000. The reaction had occurred 1-96 months prior to the consultation. Single-blinded placebo-controlled oral challenges were carried out in 82 @entity1 , under strict hospital surveillance. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 experienced @entity272 82/84 (97.6%), with 10 cases of anaphylactic shock (11.9%). Twenty-six (30.9%) reactions were immediate (occurring within the first hour after drug intake), 53 (63.1%) non-immediate and five could not remember. Oral provocation tests (OPT) demonstrated @entity56 in 11 @entity1 only. The two @entity1 not tested (due to a history of life-threatening reaction) were included in the positive group. Thus, 13 (15.5%) @entity1 had @entity1443 @entity56 and 71 (84.5%) had not. All the 13 positive @entity1 had @entity272 , five with anaphylactic shock. 9/13 had immediate reactions. Using OPT, 10 out of 11 had the same clinical reaction but more delayed. In both groups, whether hypersensitive to @entity1443 or not: atopy was similar (7/13-53.8% and 31/71-43.7%), sex ratio was not different (M/F 0.3 and 0.5), 3/13 (23.1%) and 0/71 (0%) had @entity117 / @entity5018 @entity56 . CONCLUSION: The clinical history of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity56 is rarely sufficient to set a firm diagnosis and only OPT can confirm this. Careful OPT reproduces the same symptoms (not more severe in our hands) with the same or slightly more delayed chronology. Atopy and sex are not risk factors.

title: The accuracy of the diagnosis of suspected @entity1443 ( XXXX ) @entity56 : results of a single-blinded trial.

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 to @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) is rare and very few clinical data are available in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 (28 males and 56 females, 5-70 years old) with a suspicion of @entity1443 @entity56 were referred to our drug @entity566 clinic between May 1996 and May 2000. The reaction had occurred 1-96 months prior to the consultation. Single-blinded placebo-controlled oral challenges were carried out in 82 @entity1 , under strict hospital surveillance. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 experienced @entity272 82/84 (97.6%), with 10 cases of anaphylactic shock (11.9%). Twenty-six (30.9%) reactions were immediate (occurring within the first hour after drug intake), 53 (63.1%) non-immediate and five could not remember. Oral provocation tests (OPT) demonstrated @entity56 in 11 @entity1 only. The two @entity1 not tested (due to a history of life-threatening reaction) were included in the positive group. Thus, 13 (15.5%) @entity1 had @entity1443 @entity56 and 71 (84.5%) had not. All the 13 positive @entity1 had @entity272 , five with anaphylactic shock. 9/13 had immediate reactions. Using OPT, 10 out of 11 had the same clinical reaction but more delayed. In both groups, whether hypersensitive to @entity1443 or not: atopy was similar (7/13-53.8% and 31/71-43.7%), sex ratio was not different (M/F 0.3 and 0.5), 3/13 (23.1%) and 0/71 (0%) had @entity117 / @entity5018 @entity56 . CONCLUSION: The clinical history of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity56 is rarely sufficient to set a firm diagnosis and only OPT can confirm this. Careful OPT reproduces the same symptoms (not more severe in our hands) with the same or slightly more delayed chronology. Atopy and sex are not risk factors.

title: The accuracy of the diagnosis of suspected @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) XXXX : results of a single-blinded trial.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity1 -centred outcome measures such as the Short Form-36 (SF-36) have been developed to assess the impact of ill health and medical interventions on self-reported health status. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of @entity344 upon health status as measured by the SF-36 physical and mental health component scores (PCS and @entity8848 ) and to assess whether these component scores might be an appropriate outcome measure for use in clinical research in gastroenterology. The subjects were 364 @entity1 aged between 18 and 64 years who had been prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) by general practitioners in Oxfordshire. The general practices participating identified @entity1 who had been prescribed PPIs. The data were abstracted from the general practice medical records of these @entity1 concerning gastrointestinal diagnoses and other prescribed medications. The @entity1 were sent the SF-36 questionnaire by post and the PCS and @entity8848 scores were derived, which were adjusted for age and sex and compared with the scores of the general population of the Oxford region. Co-morbidity was assessed by the extent to which non-gastric medications were also used. The commonest diagnoses were @entity354 / @entity354 and indigestion. @entity1 with these diagnoses had significantly lower health status than the general population. Differences persisted when the results were controlled for the possible effects of co-morbidity. It was concluded that the SF-36 is sensitive to the impact of @entity344 on health status.

title: Use of the Short Form-36 to detect the influence of upper XXXX on self-reported health status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disease']


abstract: The aim of any surgical approach to @entity356 should be a complete resection with no @entity41 left behind, that is, a R0-resection according to UICC. Complete @entity5 resection in this respect refers to the @entity5 as well as to the lymphatic drainage and requires an adequate safety margin. The indications for surgical therapy of @entity356 and the choice of procedure should consequently be guided by the @entity5 stage. This requires accurate preoperative staging, which can today be achieved with endoscopic ultrasonography and surgical laparoscopy. @entity356 stage @entity5108 ( @entity189 ) can be cured by local excision. In @entity1 with @entity5 Stages IB ( @entity189 ), II, and IIIA, lymph node @entity3 are common. Based on the available data, this group of @entity1 benefits from radical resection and D2 lymph node dissection. The overall 5-year survival rate of 50% for the large number of @entity1 undergoing gastric resection for @entity5 seems to demonstrate convincingly the value of extended lymphadenectomy. In @entity1 with advanced @entity356 , that is, @entity5 stages IIIB and IV, a complete @entity5 removal usually can not be achieved by surgical dissection. Neoadjuvant therapeutic modalities should consequently be assessed in these @entity1 . Based on @entity5 location and growth pattern, a total gastrectomy is the procedure of choice in @entity1 with @entity356 . A subtotal gastrectomy may be performed in @entity1 with @entity5 of the distal third and "Laurens intestinal type" growth pattern. The distal site of the main lesion must be investigated carefully to ensure that incidental concomitant lesions are not overlooked. Depending on the individual @entity5 situation, the gastrectomy can be extended toward varying portions of the distal esophagus or the pancreas, preserving splenectomy and resection of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The high incidence of locoregional recurrences and distant @entity3 after curative surgery for @entity356 calls for improved locoregional control and systemic adjuvant treatment.

title: [Stage-adapted radical principles in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa carcinoma', 'submucosa carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'middle and proximal third gastric cancer', 'Gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine why Polish @entity1 included in the International @entity64 Trial (IST) had a higher early case @entity3329 than @entity1 from other countries. METHODS: Of 19,435 @entity1 randomised to IST, 17,370 had CT or autopsy-confirmed @entity64 . We compared the baseline clinical state and 14-day case @entity3329 of @entity1 randomised in Polish centres with those from all other IST countries. We examined: age, gender, presence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), conscious level, @entity51 , cause of @entity204 and @entity117 use in the 3 days before @entity64 . RESULTS: In Poland, the 14-day case @entity3329 rate was significantly higher than in other IST countries (13% vs. 9.6%; odds ratio, OR, 1.5, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-1.9). In Poland, a significantly higher proportion of @entity204 was attributed to @entity301 (2.5% vs. 0.7%) and @entity1151 (1.0% vs. 0.4%). Polish @entity1 had higher percentage of @entity955 and drowsiness, but were younger. When these factors were adjusted for, Polish @entity1 still had approximately a 57% higher risk of @entity204 within 14 days compared with other countries. A logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of @entity204 within 14 days in Poland compared to other IST @entity1 was present among @entity1 younger than 75 years (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), females (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5), @entity1 who were alert at onset (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7-3.4), with partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8) or @entity8987 ( @entity8987 ) (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.0) and without @entity955 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Polish @entity1 were less likely to have been on @entity117 before their @entity64 than other countries (7.6% vs. 20.8%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day case @entity3329 was significantly higher in Poland than in other countries in IST. Part of the increase was due to greater @entity64 severity in the Polish @entity1 . However, differences persisted even after adjustment for baseline @entity64 severity. Several factors may have contributed the excess: poor attention to treatment of @entity65 , less attention to treatment of secondary complications of @entity64 and some other--as yet unidentified--factor specific to Poland.

title: High early case @entity3329 after XXXX in Poland: exploration of possible explanations in the International @entity64 Trial.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar syndrome', 'LACS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine why Polish @entity1 included in the International @entity64 Trial (IST) had a higher early case @entity3329 than @entity1 from other countries. METHODS: Of 19,435 @entity1 randomised to IST, 17,370 had CT or autopsy-confirmed @entity64 . We compared the baseline clinical state and 14-day case @entity3329 of @entity1 randomised in Polish centres with those from all other IST countries. We examined: age, gender, presence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), conscious level, @entity51 , cause of @entity204 and @entity117 use in the 3 days before @entity64 . RESULTS: In Poland, the 14-day case @entity3329 rate was significantly higher than in other IST countries (13% vs. 9.6%; odds ratio, OR, 1.5, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-1.9). In Poland, a significantly higher proportion of @entity204 was attributed to @entity301 (2.5% vs. 0.7%) and @entity1151 (1.0% vs. 0.4%). Polish @entity1 had higher percentage of @entity955 and drowsiness, but were younger. When these factors were adjusted for, Polish @entity1 still had approximately a 57% higher risk of @entity204 within 14 days compared with other countries. A logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of @entity204 within 14 days in Poland compared to other IST @entity1 was present among @entity1 younger than 75 years (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), females (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5), @entity1 who were alert at onset (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7-3.4), with partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8) or @entity8987 ( @entity8987 ) (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.0) and without @entity955 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Polish @entity1 were less likely to have been on @entity117 before their @entity64 than other countries (7.6% vs. 20.8%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day case @entity3329 was significantly higher in Poland than in other countries in IST. Part of the increase was due to greater @entity64 severity in the Polish @entity1 . However, differences persisted even after adjustment for baseline @entity64 severity. Several factors may have contributed the excess: poor attention to treatment of @entity65 , less attention to treatment of secondary complications of @entity64 and some other--as yet unidentified--factor specific to Poland.

title: High early case @entity3329 after @entity64 in Poland: exploration of possible explanations in the International XXXX Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine why Polish @entity1 included in the International @entity64 Trial (IST) had a higher early case @entity3329 than @entity1 from other countries. METHODS: Of 19,435 @entity1 randomised to IST, 17,370 had CT or autopsy-confirmed @entity64 . We compared the baseline clinical state and 14-day case @entity3329 of @entity1 randomised in Polish centres with those from all other IST countries. We examined: age, gender, presence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), conscious level, @entity51 , cause of @entity204 and @entity117 use in the 3 days before @entity64 . RESULTS: In Poland, the 14-day case @entity3329 rate was significantly higher than in other IST countries (13% vs. 9.6%; odds ratio, OR, 1.5, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-1.9). In Poland, a significantly higher proportion of @entity204 was attributed to @entity301 (2.5% vs. 0.7%) and @entity1151 (1.0% vs. 0.4%). Polish @entity1 had higher percentage of @entity955 and drowsiness, but were younger. When these factors were adjusted for, Polish @entity1 still had approximately a 57% higher risk of @entity204 within 14 days compared with other countries. A logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of @entity204 within 14 days in Poland compared to other IST @entity1 was present among @entity1 younger than 75 years (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), females (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5), @entity1 who were alert at onset (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7-3.4), with partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8) or @entity8987 ( @entity8987 ) (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.0) and without @entity955 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Polish @entity1 were less likely to have been on @entity117 before their @entity64 than other countries (7.6% vs. 20.8%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day case @entity3329 was significantly higher in Poland than in other countries in IST. Part of the increase was due to greater @entity64 severity in the Polish @entity1 . However, differences persisted even after adjustment for baseline @entity64 severity. Several factors may have contributed the excess: poor attention to treatment of @entity65 , less attention to treatment of secondary complications of @entity64 and some other--as yet unidentified--factor specific to Poland.

title: High early case XXXX after @entity64 in Poland: exploration of possible explanations in the International @entity64 Trial.

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['fatality']


abstract: The incidence of @entity66 based solely on @entity4040 ( @entity4040 ) score was compared with a protocol using a combination of @entity4040 score plus a score for @entity75 (ED score). The population of @entity235 studied included 425 Bernese mountain @entity235 and 22 @entity235 of other breeds. The overall agreement between the two systems was high. However, 12 per cent of @entity4040 -score negative cases were positive using the ED score. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). The female:male ratio of the @entity235 missed using the @entity4040 score was 2:1. The proportion of @entity235 affected with @entity4040 increased with age, male @entity235 being affected more frequently. The development of @entity4040 depends not only on age and breed, but probably also on gender. Thus, screening for @entity14228 should be based on at least two radiographic projections, including @entity4040 and @entity75 . As the vast majority of @entity235 in this study were Bernese mountain @entity235 , conclusions are valid only for this breed.

title: Comparison of two classification protocols in the evaluation of XXXX in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['elbow disease']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['ARTH', 'arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dysplasia']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow dysplasia']


abstract: The incidence of @entity66 based solely on @entity4040 ( @entity4040 ) score was compared with a protocol using a combination of @entity4040 score plus a score for @entity75 (ED score). The population of @entity235 studied included 425 Bernese mountain @entity235 and 22 @entity235 of other breeds. The overall agreement between the two systems was high. However, 12 per cent of @entity4040 -score negative cases were positive using the ED score. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). The female:male ratio of the @entity235 missed using the @entity4040 score was 2:1. The proportion of @entity235 affected with @entity4040 increased with age, male @entity235 being affected more frequently. The development of @entity4040 depends not only on age and breed, but probably also on gender. Thus, screening for @entity14228 should be based on at least two radiographic projections, including @entity4040 and @entity75 . As the vast majority of @entity235 in this study were Bernese mountain @entity235 , conclusions are valid only for this breed.

title: Comparison of two classification protocols in the evaluation of @entity14228 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are limited data about the effectiveness of surgery in @entity1 with painful varicocele. We report a retrospective study done for the follow up on all varicocele high ligations performed for @entity158 to evaluate the effectiveness of the operations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 who were all physically active workers and who underwent high inguinal ligation of varicocele for @entity158 from January 1995 to January 2000, were invited for interviews. Their charts were reviewed to document @entity1 age, grade and location of varicocele, duration and quality of @entity158 , response to conservative treatment. All @entity1 who could be contacted were interviewed for resolution of @entity158 and complications, their physical examinations were made. RESULTS: 87 of 140 (62.1%) @entity1 were available for the follow up. Median @entity1 age was 26 (15 to 34) years old. The varicocele was on the left side in 82 @entity1 and bilateral in 5. The @entity158 was dull in 42, throbbing in 25, sharp in 6 and as a pulling sensation in 14. The longest conservative therapy given in the literature failed in all @entity1 . Varicocele grades were as follows: Grade I in 17, Grade II in 34 and Grade III in 36 @entity1 . High inguinal ligation was used in all @entity1 . 72 (82.8%) @entity1 reported complete resolution, 8 (9.2%) @entity1 reported partial response, 7 (8%) @entity1 had persistant @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: High inguinal ligation is effective in the treatment of painful varicocele in highly selected @entity1 . Prospective randomized studies are needed comparing surgical and conservative treatments.

title: High ligation to treat XXXX in varicocele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel, effective, and minimally invasive surgical technique for avoiding excess @entity190 and hysterectomy in intractable postpartum @entity548 . Previously described techniques-uterine artery ligation at various levels, hypogastric (internal iliac) artery ligation, uterine compression-all require an abdominal approach. METHODS: This procedure, which is quickly learned, is performable in the delivery room with minimal preparation, with or without bladder retraction. A 2-cm horizontal incision is made in the anterior cervix 1 cm beneath the estimated vaginocervical fold and the bladder reflected in the natural plane. Firm but gentle downward traction on the uterus to the contralateral side of the intended ligature maximizes cephalad and lateral access, permitting bilateral uterine artery ligation from laterally under direct vision and/or indirect transcervical palpation. RESULTS: Between November 1997 and June 2001, 13 @entity1 with intractable postpartum @entity548 chose the vaginal route over laparotomy as a uterus-preserving procedure. Hysterectomy proved necessary in only one case (8%) because of @entity8052 . One @entity1 has since delivered a healthy term @entity1 by cesarean, and uterine vascularization was unimpaired. CONCLUSION: The vaginal route offers a novel, simple, effective, and minimally invasive technique for treating intractable puerperal @entity548 by uterine artery ligation. Timely intervention avoids hysterectomy and @entity1003 and preserves reproductive potential.

title: Vaginal uterine artery ligation avoids high @entity190 and puerperal hysterectomy in postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta percreta']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel, effective, and minimally invasive surgical technique for avoiding excess @entity190 and hysterectomy in intractable postpartum @entity548 . Previously described techniques-uterine artery ligation at various levels, hypogastric (internal iliac) artery ligation, uterine compression-all require an abdominal approach. METHODS: This procedure, which is quickly learned, is performable in the delivery room with minimal preparation, with or without bladder retraction. A 2-cm horizontal incision is made in the anterior cervix 1 cm beneath the estimated vaginocervical fold and the bladder reflected in the natural plane. Firm but gentle downward traction on the uterus to the contralateral side of the intended ligature maximizes cephalad and lateral access, permitting bilateral uterine artery ligation from laterally under direct vision and/or indirect transcervical palpation. RESULTS: Between November 1997 and June 2001, 13 @entity1 with intractable postpartum @entity548 chose the vaginal route over laparotomy as a uterus-preserving procedure. Hysterectomy proved necessary in only one case (8%) because of @entity8052 . One @entity1 has since delivered a healthy term @entity1 by cesarean, and uterine vascularization was unimpaired. CONCLUSION: The vaginal route offers a novel, simple, effective, and minimally invasive technique for treating intractable puerperal @entity548 by uterine artery ligation. Timely intervention avoids hysterectomy and @entity1003 and preserves reproductive potential.

title: Vaginal uterine artery ligation avoids high XXXX and puerperal hysterectomy in postpartum @entity548 .

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to evaluate whether the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) in the biopsy specimen is predictive of 5-year biochemical disease-free outcome after prostate brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred twenty-five @entity1 underwent transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy using either 103Pd or 125I for clinical T1b/T3a NXMO (1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer) @entity263 from April 1995 to October 1999. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up, and no @entity1 underwent pathological lymph node staging. Two hundred twenty-one @entity1 were implanted with 103Pd, and 204 @entity1 were implanted with 125I. Of this cohort, 190 @entity1 were implanted without supplemental beam radiation, and 235 received moderate-dose external-beam radiation therapy followed by a prostate brachytherapy boost. One hundred sixty-three @entity1 received hormonal manipulation in conjunction with the brachytherapy implant (86 of these @entity1 received moderate-dose external-beam radiation therapy before brachytherapy), and 262 @entity1 were hormone na  ve. @entity3 , defined as @entity189 tracking along or around a nerve within the perineural space, was identified in 105 @entity1 (24.7% of the population). The median @entity1 age was 68 years (range, 48-81 years). The mean follow-up was 37.1 +/- 15.2 months, and the median follow-up was 35.4 months (range, 6-74 months). Follow-up was calculated from the date of implantation. Biochemical disease-free survival was defined by the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology (ASTRO) consensus definition. RESULTS: When Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, the presence of PNI did not predict failure. When PNI was entered into a Cox regression analysis with evaluated clinical predictors of failure (age, clinical T stage, pretreatment @entity1486 level, and Gleason score) or treatment parameters (use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, supplemental external-beam radiation therapy, and choice of isotope), PNI did not add to the predictive strength of these variables. The median disease-free @entity1486 level was 0.1 ng/mL for the entire cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that actuarial 5-year biochemical outcomes with a prostate brachytherapy approach that utilizes generous periprostatic margins is not dependent on the presence of PNI. In addition, PNI should not be used as an independent prognosticator in determining the need for combined-modality therapy in @entity1 undergoing prostate brachytherapy.

title: XXXX is not predictive of biochemical outcome following prostate brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Perineural invasion']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Perineural invasion']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of filgrastim 5 microg/kg given once/day through absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery on the duration of grade 4 @entity1398 (ANC < 0.5 x 10(3)/mm3) and time to ANC recovery. Additional objectives were to study the average number of filgrastim injections/cycle required to achieve ANC recovery and differences in outcome by cycle. DESIGN: Combined analysis of two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials. @entity1 : Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 treated for @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 but one were evaluable for efficacy end points. Mean +/- SD duration of grade 4 @entity1398 was 1.7 +/- 1.3 days in cycle 1; the duration decreased in cycles 2-4 to between 1.0 and 1.2 days. Fifty percent of @entity1 had ANC recovery to 10 x 10(3)/mm3 or greater by day 11 of the cycle, and 90% by day 13, corresponding to 10 and 12 days of filgrastim administration, respectively. Across all cycles, the mean +/- SD number of filgrastim injections/cycle was 10.51 +/- 1.70, with little variation among cycles. CONCLUSION: When filgrastim is administered as recommended, starting 24 hours after chemotherapy and continuing through an ANC of 10 x 10(3)/mm3 or greater, neutrophil recovery is rapid and predictable. Because the first cycle of chemotherapy has the highest rates of @entity1398 and @entity1398 , it seems prudent to administer growth factor support preemptively.

title: Filgrastim-mediated neutrophil recovery in @entity1 with XXXX treated with docetaxel and doxorubicin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of filgrastim 5 microg/kg given once/day through absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery on the duration of grade 4 @entity1398 (ANC < 0.5 x 10(3)/mm3) and time to ANC recovery. Additional objectives were to study the average number of filgrastim injections/cycle required to achieve ANC recovery and differences in outcome by cycle. DESIGN: Combined analysis of two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials. @entity1 : Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 treated for @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 but one were evaluable for efficacy end points. Mean +/- SD duration of grade 4 @entity1398 was 1.7 +/- 1.3 days in cycle 1; the duration decreased in cycles 2-4 to between 1.0 and 1.2 days. Fifty percent of @entity1 had ANC recovery to 10 x 10(3)/mm3 or greater by day 11 of the cycle, and 90% by day 13, corresponding to 10 and 12 days of filgrastim administration, respectively. Across all cycles, the mean +/- SD number of filgrastim injections/cycle was 10.51 +/- 1.70, with little variation among cycles. CONCLUSION: When filgrastim is administered as recommended, starting 24 hours after chemotherapy and continuing through an ANC of 10 x 10(3)/mm3 or greater, neutrophil recovery is rapid and predictable. Because the first cycle of chemotherapy has the highest rates of @entity1398 and @entity1398 , it seems prudent to administer growth factor support preemptively.

title: Filgrastim-mediated neutrophil recovery in XXXX with @entity0 treated with docetaxel and doxorubicin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Negative @entity1568 balance and accelerated muscle protein breakdown are characteristics of @entity130 . The mechanism by which muscle proteolysis occurs may be activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, but needs to be further elucidated. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle proteolysis, after @entity130 in a @entity35 @entity130 model. The proteolytic rates and mRNA expression of ubiquitin, @entity62132 in extensor digital longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle were determined by @entity535 analyzer and Northern blot, respectively. The results were as follows: the total and myofibrillar proteolytic rate of EDL muscle increased markedly, especially at 12 and 24h post-burn. The levels of 2.4kb mRNA for ubiquitin, 1.2kb mRNA for @entity62132 (a rate-limiting and regulated enzyme for conjugation of ubiquitin with protein substrate) and mRNA for subunit RC2 (the largest subunit of 20S proteasome) predominantly increased in EDL muscle after the stimulation of @entity130 . No significant changes in proteolytic rate and transcription of ubiquitin, @entity62132 in SOL muscle were observed. There was a significantly positive correlation between the proteolytic rate and the levels of 2.4kb mRNA for ubiquitin, 1.2kb mRNA for @entity62132 , or mRNA for subunit RC2. The results indicated that @entity2057 after @entity130 was mainly due to the accelerated breakdown of myofibrils, and EDL muscle was more sensitive to @entity130 than SOL muscle. The activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was one reason for the enhanced protein catabolism in skeletal muscle. This is the first demonstration of upregulated expression of @entity62132 in muscle, in response to @entity130 , and it provides a clue to reduce @entity2057 by specifically inhibiting the specific enzymes or subunits involved in the enhancement of the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway after @entity130 .

title: The relationship between skeletal muscle proteolysis and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway in burned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5 is an important public health problem among adult @entity1 in developing countries in South and Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and south-east Asia. Frequently repeated cytology screening programmes--either organized or opportunistic--have led to a large decline in @entity5 incidence and mortality in developed countries. In contrast, @entity5 remains largely uncontrolled in high-risk developing countries because of ineffective or no screening. This article briefly reviews the experience from existing screening and research initiatives in developing countries. Substantial costs are involved in providing the infrastructure, manpower, consumables, follow-up and surveillance for both organized and opportunistic screening programmes for @entity5 . Owing to their limited health care resources, developing countries cannot afford the models of frequently repeated screening of @entity1 over a wide age range that are used in developed countries. Many low-income developing countries, including most in sub-Saharan Africa, have neither the resources nor the capacity for their health services to organize and sustain any kind of screening programme. Middle-income developing countries, which currently provide inefficient screening, should reorganize their programmes in the light of experiences from other countries and lessons from their past failures. Middle-income countries intending to organize a new screening programme should start first in a limited geographical area, before considering any expansion. It is also more realistic and effective to target the screening on high-risk @entity1 once or twice in their lifetime using a highly sensitive test, with an emphasis on high coverage (>80%) of the targeted population. Efforts to organize an effective screening programme in these developing countries will have to find adequate financial resources, develop the infrastructure, train the needed manpower, and elaborate surveillance mechanisms for screening, investigating, treating, and following up the targeted @entity1 . The findings from the large body of research on various screening approaches carried out in developing countries and from the available managerial guidelines should be taken into account when reorganizing existing programmes and when considering new screening initiatives.

title: Effective screening programmes for XXXX in low- and middle-income developing countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intra-atrial reentrant @entity591 (IART) circuits after Mustard operation remain incompletely understood due to the complex atrial anatomy after extensive surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to delineate IART circuits and their relations to the individual anatomic boundaries in Mustard @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (10 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ; age 29 +/- 4.6 years) with @entity4710 after Mustard operation were included in this study. During 14 IARTs and 2 focal @entity591 , electroanatomic mapping and entrainment mapping were performed in both the @entity1211 . The latter was accessed via a retrograde transaortic approach. Thirteen IARTs used a single-loop reentrant circuit, and 1 IART used a dual-loop reentrant circuit. Ten (77%) of 13 single-loop reentrant circuits used the tricuspid annulus (TA) as their central barrier. The remaining 3 IARTs rotated around the inferior vena cava (IVC) (n = 2) or ostium of the right upper pulmonary vein (n = 1). In 6 (60%) of the 10 peritricuspid IARTs, both @entity1211 components of the mid-portion of the TA-IVC isthmus were demonstrated to be part of the reentry. Overall, 12 (86%) of 14 IARTs in 10 @entity1 were successfully ablated by bridging two barriers that constrained the reentrant circuit. Eight (80%) of 10 peritricuspid circuits were abolished by linear ablation connecting the TA to the IVC (n = 4), incisional scar (n = 2), patch (n = 1), and atriotomy (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In Mustard @entity1 , the TA serves as the most frequent central barrier of IART. Biatrial electroanatomic mapping combined with entrainment mapping facilitates delineation of IART circuits in relation to their anatomic barriers and enables the design of individual ablation strategies to achieve high success.

title: Delineation of intra-atrial reentrant XXXX circuits after mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries using biatrial electroanatomic mapping and entrainment mapping.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardias', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['systemic venous atrium and the pulmonary venous atrium', 'pulmonary venous atrium and systemic venous atrium']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood @entity413 levels, hemodynamic effects and @entity1 @entity148 scores during tooth extraction in @entity1 with @entity6 T2DM and @entity301 under local anesthesia with 2% @entity3303 with or without @entity1425 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 @entity1 with T2DM with @entity301 who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood @entity413 levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 , and 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 . Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and @entity148 levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood @entity413 levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood @entity413 levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and @entity148 status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 neither caused @entity4854 nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or @entity148 parameters. However, lower blood @entity413 levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood @entity413 monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 .

title: Local anesthesia with XXXX is safe and effective for oral surgery in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 : a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood @entity413 levels, hemodynamic effects and @entity1 @entity148 scores during tooth extraction in @entity1 with @entity6 T2DM and @entity301 under local anesthesia with 2% @entity3303 with or without @entity1425 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 @entity1 with T2DM with @entity301 who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood @entity413 levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 , and 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 . Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and @entity148 levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood @entity413 levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood @entity413 levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and @entity148 status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 neither caused @entity4854 nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or @entity148 parameters. However, lower blood @entity413 levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood @entity413 monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 .

title: Local anesthesia with @entity1425 is safe and effective for oral surgery in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity301 : a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood @entity413 levels, hemodynamic effects and @entity1 @entity148 scores during tooth extraction in @entity1 with @entity6 T2DM and @entity301 under local anesthesia with 2% @entity3303 with or without @entity1425 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 @entity1 with T2DM with @entity301 who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood @entity413 levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 , and 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 . Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and @entity148 levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood @entity413 levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood @entity413 levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and @entity148 status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 neither caused @entity4854 nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or @entity148 parameters. However, lower blood @entity413 levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood @entity413 monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 .

title: Local anesthesia with @entity1425 is safe and effective for oral surgery in @entity1 with @entity6 and XXXX : a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in blood @entity413 levels, hemodynamic effects and @entity1 @entity148 scores during tooth extraction in @entity1 with @entity6 T2DM and @entity301 under local anesthesia with 2% @entity3303 with or without @entity1425 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized study of 70 @entity1 with T2DM with @entity301 who underwent oral surgery. The study was double blind with respect to the glycemia measurements. Blood @entity413 levels were continuously monitored for 24 hours using the MiniMed Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 , and 35 @entity1 received 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with 1:100,000 @entity1425 . Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and @entity148 levels were also evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in blood @entity413 levels between the groups at each time point evaluated. Surprisingly, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood @entity413 levels over time. The groups showed no significant differences in hemodynamic and @entity148 status parameters. CONCLUSION: The administration of 5.4 mL of 2% @entity3303 with @entity1425 neither caused @entity4854 nor had any significant impact on hemodynamic or @entity148 parameters. However, lower blood @entity413 levels were observed. This is the first report using continuous blood @entity413 monitoring to show the benefits and lack of side effects of local anesthesia with @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 .

title: Local anesthesia with @entity1425 is safe and effective for oral surgery in XXXX with @entity6 and @entity301 : a prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is the most common form of primary @entity296 . It is the most common cause of chronic @entity712 and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation in young adults. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that @entity74 are involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity384 . Recent studies have shown that genetically defective @entity70620 predisposes animals to @entity384 . However, the association of @entity70620 with @entity384 in @entity1 has not been reported. In the current study, the whole coding region and flanking splice junction sites of the @entity70620 gene were sequenced in 220 unrelated @entity1 with idiopathic @entity384 . The available relatives of the index @entity1 harboring identified mutations and 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls were also genotyped for @entity70620 . The functional effect of the @entity70620 mutations was analyzed in silico. As a result, two novel heterozygous @entity70620 mutations, @entity70621 and @entity70622 , were identified in two families with @entity384 , respectively, with a mutational prevalence of ~0.91%. Genetic analyses of the pedigrees showed that in each family, the mutation co-segregated with @entity384 was transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with complete penetrance. The missense mutations were absent in 400 control chromosomes and the altered @entity3534 were completely conserved evolutionarily across various species. Functional analysis in silico indicated that the @entity70620 mutations were causative. This study firstly reports the association of @entity70620 mutations with enhanced susceptibility to @entity384 in @entity1 , which provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism underpinning @entity384 , and contributes to the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for @entity384 .

title: Prevalence and spectrum of XXXX mutations associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity70621 :: ('p|SUB|L|41|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.L41V']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'Dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

answer: @entity70620 :: (376132,Gene) :: ['LRRC10']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3243 is a rare @entity8611 that appears in less than 1% of @entity1 with @entity459 . In the literature, the generally recommended treatment is en bloc @entity5 excision with @entity1374 . Based on our 12 years of experience, we discuss the necessity of performing thyroid lobectomy on @entity3243 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity3243 cases were included in the study. All operations were performed at the Department of Endocrine Surgery at Ankara University Medical School. Seven of the @entity1 were male (63.6%), and the mean @entity1 age was 48.9    14.0 years. @entity2742 was the most common indication for surgery (n  10, 90.9%). @entity66 was detected in 5 @entity1 (45.5%), invasive disease was detected in 5 @entity1 (45.5%) and @entity3 was detected in 1 @entity1 (9.1%). The mean follow-up period was 99.6    42.1 months, and the @entity1 ' average disease-free survival was 96.0    49.0 months. During the follow-up period, only 1 @entity1 died of metastatic @entity3243 . CONCLUSION: @entity3243 has a slow-growing natural progression, and regional lymph node @entity3 are uncommon. Although our study comprised few @entity1 , it nevertheless showed that in selected cases, @entity3243 could be solely treated with parathyroidectomy.

title: Is local resection sufficient for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local disease']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease of the parathyroid glands']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. Some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. It is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). This is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. The objective of our study was to use one genotypic method, ribotyping, to determine the geographic variability of the fecal bacterium, @entity526 , from one location in Idaho and three locations in Georgia for @entity291 ( @entity291 ), @entity1641 ( @entity1641 ), @entity1707 ( @entity1707 ), and @entity1573 ( @entity1573 ). A total of 568 fecal @entity526 isolates from Kimberly, ID (125 isolates), Athens, GA (210 isolates), Brunswick, GA (102 isolates), and Tifton, GA (131 isolates), yielded 213 ribotypes. The percentage of ribotype sharing within an animal species increased with decreased distance between geographic locations for @entity291 and @entity1641 , but not for @entity1707 and @entity1573 . When the @entity526 ribotypes among the four host species were compared at one location, the percent of unshared ribotypes was 86, 89, 81, and 79% for Kimberly, Athens, Brunswick, and Tifton, respectively. These data suggest that there is good ribotype separation among host animal species at each location. The ability to match environmental isolates to a host origin database may depend on a large number of environmental and host origin isolates that ideally are not geographically separated.

title: Geographic variability of XXXX ribotypes from animals in Idaho and Georgia.

entities_list: @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['Sus scrofa', 'swine']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Equus caballus', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus domesticus', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a retrospective chart review of @entity1 who developed @entity292 ( @entity292 ) or several @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) recurrences after brachytherapy for treating @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In the past 3 years 18 @entity1 with devastating complications after prostate brachytherapy were referred to our centre ( @entity292 in 11, @entity1494 in seven; mean age 63 years, range 60-81). All @entity1 with @entity292 initially underwent diverting colostomy (six cystoprostatectomy with closure of the @entity292 , omental interposition and urinary diversion; one prostatectomy, @entity1494 closure, @entity292 closure with omentum flap and continent vesicostomy). Three @entity1 had the @entity292 closed with gracilis muscle flap using the York-Mason approach (one had a @entity1494 closure and suprapubic tube; one elected to have no treatment). All @entity1 with @entity1494 had received three or more procedures to resect or incise their contracture. Four had diversion with a catheterizable segment, two used an indwelling Foley catheter and one uses intermittent catheterization. RESULTS: All six @entity1 who had cystoprostatectomy with urinary diversion have had no recurrence of their @entity292 . All three treated with the York-Mason procedure healed well. One developed recurrent @entity263 and two a secondary @entity5 in the prostate or rectum ( @entity1822 and neuroendocrine, respectively). The enterocystoplasty @entity1 developed @entity295 after colostomy reversal and subsequently died. In those @entity1 with @entity1494 , the four who underwent urinary diversion fared well; two tolerate the indwelling catheter poorly, and the seventh uses intermittent catheterization with occasional difficulty. CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy with or without external irradiation can be associated with severe complications. @entity292 managed with aggressive anterior pelvic exenteration and urinary diversion can be associated with excellent results. The York-Mason procedure in @entity1 with an adequate urinary continence mechanism and bladder dynamics may provide good functional results. The presence of a secondary malignancy in @entity1 deserves further investigation. Many recurrences of a @entity1494 tend be refractory to transurethral resection/incision; indwelling catheters are then poorly tolerated and @entity1 may require a major reconstructive procedure.

title: Devastating complications after brachytherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contracture', 'bladder neck', 'BNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['RUF', 'recto-urethral fistula', 'fistula']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1162 is one of the most common @entity260 after colorectal surgery. We sought to investigate the predictors of prolonged @entity2616 following elective colon resections procedures. METHODS: The national @entity1 user files of NSQIP databases were utilized to examine the clinical outcomes of @entity1 undergoing elective colon resection during 2012-2013. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to investigate predictors of prolonged @entity2616 . @entity1162 was defined as no return of bowel function in 7 days. RESULTS: We sampled a total of 27,560 @entity1 who underwent colon resections; of these, 3497 (12.7%) @entity1 had prolonged @entity2616 . @entity1 with @entity254 ( @entity254 ) had a significantly higher rate of prolonged @entity2616 compared to @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) (15 vs. 11.5%, AOR 1.25, P < 0.01). @entity1162 was significantly associated with @entity1320 (13 vs. 2.8%, AOR 2.56, P < 0.01) and @entity834 (12 vs. 2.4%, AOR 2.50, P < 0.01). Factors such as @entity295 (AOR 1.63, P < 0.01), disseminated @entity5 (AOR 1.24, P = 0.01), and @entity1030 (AOR 1.27, P = 0.02) were associated with an increased risk of prolonged @entity2616 , whereas oral antibiotic bowel preparation (AOR 0.77, P < 0.01) and laparoscopic surgery (AOR 0.51, P < 0.01) are associated with decreased prolonged @entity2616 risk. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1162 is a common condition following colon resection, with an incidence of 12.7%. Among colon surgeries, colectomy with @entity254 resulted in the highest rate of postoperative prolonged @entity2616 . @entity1162 is positively associated with @entity834 and @entity1320 ; thus, a high index of suspicion must be had in all @entity1 with prolonged @entity86 .

title: Risk factors for prolonged XXXX following colon surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'participant', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative sepsis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolonic anastomosis', 'ICA']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRA', 'colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged ileus']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity2616 :: (MESH:D045823,Disease) :: ['ileus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity10789 ( @entity10789 ) drives circadian rhythms in behavioral and physiological variables, including the inflammatory response. Shift work is known to disturb circadian rhythms and is associated with increased susceptibility to develop disease. In rodents, circadian disruption due to shifted light schedules (jet lag) induced increased innate immune responses. To gain more insight into the influence of circadian disruption on the immune response, we characterized the inflammatory response in a model of rodent shift work and demonstrated that circadian disruption affected the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) both in vivo and in vitro. Since food consumption is a main disturbing element in the shift work schedule, we also evaluated the inflammatory response to LPS in a group of @entity35 that had no access to food during their working hours. Our results demonstrated that the shift work schedule decreased basal @entity1505 levels in the liver but not in the circulation. Despite this, we observed that shift work induced increased cytokine response after LPS stimulation in comparison to control @entity35 . Also, Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) isolated from shift work @entity35 produced more @entity1505 in response to in vitro LPS stimulation, suggesting important effects of circadian desynchronization on the functionality of this cell type. Importantly, the effects of shift work on the inflammatory response to LPS were prevented when food was not available during the working schedule. Together, these results show that dissociating behavior and food intake from the synchronizing drive of the @entity10789 severely disturbs the immune response.

title: Shift Work in XXXX Results in Increased Inflammatory Response after Lipopolysaccharide Administration: A Role for Food Consumption.

entities_list: @entity10789 :: ('MESH:D002527', 'Disease') :: ['SCN', 'suprachiasmatic nucleus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The purpose of this international collaborative study was to investigate the prescription patterns of antipsychotic drugs for @entity161 in East Asia and to analyze factors that affect these patterns. Prescription patterns for @entity1 admitted for treatment of @entity161 were surveyed using a standardized protocol from six East-Asian region/countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. @entity1 ' social and clinical characteristics, @entity146 symptoms, @entity221 , and adverse effects of medications were systematically assessed and recorded. Prescriptions of the first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs were compared. A total of 2399 @entity1 were recruited. The second-generation drugs comprised 28.1% of all prescribed antipsychotics, and 46% of the antipsychotic prescriptions were in the context of polypharmacy. The mean dosage of antipsychotics for the whole sample was 675.3 + 645.1 mg @entity2644 equivalents. Japan had a high frequency of prescribing high doses and polypharmacy; Singapore had a high utilization of depot injections while China had a higher prescription of @entity1088 . Using multiple logistic regression analysis, distinctions in the prescription patterns of antipsychotic drugs were found: first-generation drugs were mainly for controlling @entity146 , while second-generation drugs were targeted at the alleviation of positive, negative @entity716 as well as @entity952 in @entity161 . The present collaborative study highlighted differences in the prescription patterns, especially the under-utilization of second-generation antipsychotic drugs in East Asia. The pattern of antipsychotic medication use varied from country to country and is likely to be influenced by the prevailing health-care system, the availability and cost of the drugs.

title: Antipsychotic drug prescription for XXXX in East Asia: rationale for change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive behavior']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Genome-wide association studies in @entity1 @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) have renewed interest in the pancreatic islet as a contributor to @entity2175 risk. @entity32 resulting from @entity28 is a risk factor for @entity2175 and a possible trigger of b-cell failure. In this study, microarray data were collected from @entity19 islets after overnight treatment with cytokines at concentrations consistent with the chronic low-grade @entity32 in @entity2175 . Genes with a cytokine-induced change of >2-fold were then examined for associations between single @entity4334 polymorphisms and the acute insulin response to @entity413 (AIRg) using data from the Genetics Underlying @entity6 in Hispanics (GUARDIAN) Consortium. Significant evidence of association was found between AIRg and single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity70623 (5q31.3), @entity70624 (6p25.3), @entity70625 (3q27.1), @entity46951 (1q42.3), @entity70626 (11p13), @entity70627 (8q21.3), and @entity70628 (7q21.12). To assess the potential relevance to islet function, @entity19 islets were exposed to conditions modeling low-grade @entity32 , mitochondrial stress, @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) stress, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. RT-PCR revealed that one or more forms of stress significantly altered expression levels of all genes except @entity70623 . @entity2426 -induced @entity1893 stress up-regulated both @entity70626 and @entity70625 . Three genes confirmed microarray predictions of significant cytokine sensitivity: @entity70624 was down-regulated 3.3-fold by cytokines, @entity70627 was up-regulated 1.5- to 3-fold by all stressors, and @entity70628 was profoundly cytokine sensitive (167-fold up-regulation). Three genes were thus closely associated with low-grade @entity32 in @entity19 islets and also with a marker for islet function (AIRg) in a @entity6 -prone @entity1 population. This islet-targeted genome-wide association scan identified several previously unrecognized candidate genes related to @entity409 during the development of @entity2175 .

title: An Islet-Targeted Genome-Wide Association Scan Identifies Novel Genes Implicated in Cytokine-Mediated Islet Stress in Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic low-grade inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['islet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['endoplasmic reticulum', 'ER']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the characteristics of pharmacies that are associated with the degree of counselling provided to customers purchasing medicines. METHODS: Twelve ' @entity23006 ' (research assistants posing as normal customers) purchased restricted medicines at 180 pharmacies around New Zealand. One drug ( @entity3522 ) and one class of drugs (vaginal antifungals) were purchased. The amount of counselling provided was recorded, and linked to profile data on the pharmacies, obtained through a questionnaire, from Census data, and from direct observations of pharmacies. RESULTS: Location within a city, a large town, or strip shopping did not affect the level of counselling pharmacies provided. Pharmacies adjacent to medical centres gave significantly less counselling to @entity3522 purchasers than other pharmacies. No consistent relationship was found between pharmacy size and the level of counselling provided. There were large differences between areas of the country. A strong negative relationship was found between the amount of counselling given about thrush, and the proportion of Pacific Island @entity1 in the population around the pharmacy. Although only some results reached statistical significance, there seems to have been a similar trend for pharmacies to provide less counselling in areas with more Maori @entity1 and with higher levels of social deprivation. CONCLUSIONS: Regional variation in the provision of pharmacy services, and in particular the tendency for pharmacies to provide less counselling in areas that are likely to have higher health care needs, must be addressed if pharmacies are to fulfil their potential as health care providers.

title: Which sorts of pharmacies provide more XXXX counselling?

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity23006 :: ('MESH:D019318', 'Disease') :: ['mystery shoppers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the biological function of calmodulin (CaM) from @entity2440 ( @entity2441 , Cs) and investigate its role in @entity14007 -associated hepatic @entity82 . METHODS: The full-length sequence of CsCaM gene was isolated from Cs cDNA library and its homologues were searched using BLASTx for comparison. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the homologues and predict the physiochemical characteristics and functional domains. The gene was cloned in a prokaryotic plasmid and expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography for immunizing @entity35 to produce polyclonal antibodies, whose titer was determined using ELISA analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was carried out to determine of the purity and antibody recognition of CsCaM. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to analyze the tissue location of the protein. A @entity35 model of @entity1575 was established by introperitoneal injection of the recombinant protein. RESULTS: The recombinant CsCaM protein obtained contained 150 @entity3534 with a theoretical molecular mass of 23.4 kD. CsCaM homologue had EF hand motifs. The recombinant pET-30a-CsCaM plasmid expressed in BL21 @entity526 was about 23.4 kD. The total IgG antibody titer in the immunized @entity19 reached the peak level (over 1: 51200) 2 to 4 weeks after the first injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that CsCaM located in the testis of adult @entity2441 . The @entity35 receiving intraperitoneal injection of CsCaM showed severe @entity409 with mild to moderate @entity1575 . CONCLUSION: The pro- @entity32 and pro- @entity82 effects of CsCaM in @entity35 liver suggest its involvement in @entity14007 - associated hepatic @entity82 .

title: [Characterization of a XXXX sinensis antigen, calmodulin, and its relationship with @entity1575 ].

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity2440 :: (79923,Species) :: ['Clonorchis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the biological function of calmodulin (CaM) from @entity2440 ( @entity2441 , Cs) and investigate its role in @entity14007 -associated hepatic @entity82 . METHODS: The full-length sequence of CsCaM gene was isolated from Cs cDNA library and its homologues were searched using BLASTx for comparison. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the homologues and predict the physiochemical characteristics and functional domains. The gene was cloned in a prokaryotic plasmid and expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography for immunizing @entity35 to produce polyclonal antibodies, whose titer was determined using ELISA analysis. Immunoblotting analysis was carried out to determine of the purity and antibody recognition of CsCaM. Immunofluorescence assay was employed to analyze the tissue location of the protein. A @entity35 model of @entity1575 was established by introperitoneal injection of the recombinant protein. RESULTS: The recombinant CsCaM protein obtained contained 150 @entity3534 with a theoretical molecular mass of 23.4 kD. CsCaM homologue had EF hand motifs. The recombinant pET-30a-CsCaM plasmid expressed in BL21 @entity526 was about 23.4 kD. The total IgG antibody titer in the immunized @entity19 reached the peak level (over 1: 51200) 2 to 4 weeks after the first injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that CsCaM located in the testis of adult @entity2441 . The @entity35 receiving intraperitoneal injection of CsCaM showed severe @entity409 with mild to moderate @entity1575 . CONCLUSION: The pro- @entity32 and pro- @entity82 effects of CsCaM in @entity35 liver suggest its involvement in @entity14007 - associated hepatic @entity82 .

title: [Characterization of a @entity2440 sinensis antigen, calmodulin, and its relationship with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tissue factor plays a key role in the extrinsic coagulation pathway and is induced by inflammatory cytokines. @entity2401 has been detected recently in some @entity1 with lone @entity955 . Virchow's triad of low blood flow, @entity49 , and @entity409 , enhances @entity715 formation. The present study was designed to elucidate the role of @entity409 in thrombogenesis associated with @entity955 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated tissue factor expression in the endothelia of left atrial appendages obtained from seven @entity1 with @entity955 and cardiogenic @entity1031 . Tissues were divided into 7-13 sections and compared with control specimens from four @entity1 who died of noncardiac events. Expression of tissue factor, @entity2880 factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Histopathologically, inflammatory cells infiltrated the endocardium and all seven @entity1 showed features of persistent @entity2401 . @entity3457 cells [15.3+/-9.4 @entity2194 ( @entity2194 , mean+/-S.D.) vs. control 2.2+/-4.4/ @entity2194 (P=0.0294)] and a few macrophages [5.1+/-8.4 cells/ @entity2194 vs. control 2.4+/-3.5 cells/ @entity2194 (P=NS)] infiltrated the endocardium. Tissue factor was overexpressed in the endothelia particularly in tissues containing inflammatory cells and denuded matrix of the endocardium, compared with the control group. @entity2880 factor, but not tissue factor pathway inhibitor, was also overexpressed in these tissues. CONCLUSION: Tissue factor expression induced by @entity32 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Tissue factor expression in atrial endothelia associated with XXXX : possible involvement in intracardiac thrombogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'cells/high power field']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'nonvalvular atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Atrial myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['Von Willebrand', 'von Willebrand']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['nonvalvular atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The long-term effects of sciatic nerve section on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) were studied using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in skeletally mature @entity35 . Unilateral sciatic neurectomy caused the rapid loss of cancellous bone in the proximal and distal femur and tibia in the ipsilateral hindlimb and, to a lesser extent, in the contralateral intact hindlimb. The reduction in @entity79 rapidly progressed for 4 weeks after sciatic section and then gradually stabilized with no evidence of recovery at 12 weeks. The development of @entity170 in the contralateral intact hindlimb was a novel finding. There was no evidence of disuse in the normal contralateral hindlimb after unilateral sciatic section; grid-crossing activity over a 24-h interval was unchanged and there was no reduction in weight bearing on the contralateral normal hindpaw during the stance phase of ambulation. Unilateral peripheral nerve lesions have well-documented effects on substance P content and function in the corresponding contralateral intact nerve. We hypothesized that after sciatic section a reduction in substance P signaling might contribute to @entity604 in the contralateral hindlimb. Daily administration of the @entity16325 (NK1) antagonist @entity26957 for 2 weeks caused significant loss of cancellous bone in the denervated and the contralateral hindlimb, evidence that substance P signaling sustained bone density after nerve section. After sciatic neurectomy there was a 33% reduction in sciatic nerve stimulation-evoked extravasation in the contralateral intact hindlimb, indicating transmedian inhibition of substance P signaling after @entity128 . Furthermore, there was a 50% reduction in the substance P content in both tibias after unilateral sciatic section. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that a widespread reduction in substance P content in bone contributes to the @entity3604 and that residual substance P signaling maintains bone integrity after nerve section in both the denervated and contralateral intact hindlimb.

title: A XXXX (NK1) antagonist enhances the widespread osteoporotic effects of sciatic nerve section.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic effects of sciatic neurectomy']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity16325 :: (24807(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['substance P receptor']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 with persistently elevated liver enzyme levels, fatigue, lethargy and a 9.0 kg weight loss over six months underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy that demonstrated multiple @entity738 . Screening serologies were positive for @entity3219 , and he was started on @entity2059 treatment. He returned to hospital the same night with coffee-ground emesis and in @entity3935 requiring parenteral @entity230 and intensive care unit support. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed bilaterally enlarged, nonenhancing adrenal glands suggestive of @entity1188 , presumed secondary to @entity3219 . Treatment was initiated with @entity2379 , and @entity3218 was cultured from his urine and cerebrospinal fluid. A serum immunodiffusion test was also positive for both @entity8108 and M bands, indicating @entity281 with @entity3219 species. His serum and urine samples were also weakly positive for the antigen. Despite complications of @entity177 , @entity55 and @entity712 , he recovered with medical therapy and was discharged home to complete a prolonged course of @entity2059 therapy. While @entity99 often reflect an occult disease process, the cause may remain undiscovered in 30% to 50% of @entity1 despite exhaustive investigations. @entity3218 is an uncommon cause of @entity409 , and with its protean clinical presentation, a high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis and avoid the potentially high fatality rate associated with disseminated @entity281 .

title: A case of @entity3218 causing XXXX and @entity3935 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['Addisonian crisis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous liver disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['granulomatous liver disease']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 with persistently elevated liver enzyme levels, fatigue, lethargy and a 9.0 kg weight loss over six months underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy that demonstrated multiple @entity738 . Screening serologies were positive for @entity3219 , and he was started on @entity2059 treatment. He returned to hospital the same night with coffee-ground emesis and in @entity3935 requiring parenteral @entity230 and intensive care unit support. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed bilaterally enlarged, nonenhancing adrenal glands suggestive of @entity1188 , presumed secondary to @entity3219 . Treatment was initiated with @entity2379 , and @entity3218 was cultured from his urine and cerebrospinal fluid. A serum immunodiffusion test was also positive for both @entity8108 and M bands, indicating @entity281 with @entity3219 species. His serum and urine samples were also weakly positive for the antigen. Despite complications of @entity177 , @entity55 and @entity712 , he recovered with medical therapy and was discharged home to complete a prolonged course of @entity2059 therapy. While @entity99 often reflect an occult disease process, the cause may remain undiscovered in 30% to 50% of @entity1 despite exhaustive investigations. @entity3218 is an uncommon cause of @entity409 , and with its protean clinical presentation, a high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis and avoid the potentially high fatality rate associated with disseminated @entity281 .

title: A case of @entity3218 causing @entity409 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['Addisonian crisis']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 with persistently elevated liver enzyme levels, fatigue, lethargy and a 9.0 kg weight loss over six months underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy that demonstrated multiple @entity738 . Screening serologies were positive for @entity3219 , and he was started on @entity2059 treatment. He returned to hospital the same night with coffee-ground emesis and in @entity3935 requiring parenteral @entity230 and intensive care unit support. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed bilaterally enlarged, nonenhancing adrenal glands suggestive of @entity1188 , presumed secondary to @entity3219 . Treatment was initiated with @entity2379 , and @entity3218 was cultured from his urine and cerebrospinal fluid. A serum immunodiffusion test was also positive for both @entity8108 and M bands, indicating @entity281 with @entity3219 species. His serum and urine samples were also weakly positive for the antigen. Despite complications of @entity177 , @entity55 and @entity712 , he recovered with medical therapy and was discharged home to complete a prolonged course of @entity2059 therapy. While @entity99 often reflect an occult disease process, the cause may remain undiscovered in 30% to 50% of @entity1 despite exhaustive investigations. @entity3218 is an uncommon cause of @entity409 , and with its protean clinical presentation, a high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis and avoid the potentially high fatality rate associated with disseminated @entity281 .

title: A case of XXXX causing @entity409 and @entity3935 .

answer: @entity3218 :: (5037,Species) :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']