abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a weekly dietary instruction program to reduce @entity28 in elementary school @entity1 . A total of 140 third- to sixth-grade overweight @entity1 and 130 height- and age-matched overweight @entity1 were selected from two elementary schools in Kaohsiung. The primary inclusion criterion was a Rohrer's Index [RI = weight (kg)/height (cm)3 x 10(7)] greater than 150. The anthropometric measurement was performed on both the group receiving instruction and the group not receiving instruction. Biomedical monitoring of the students state of health, assessments of their nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (K.A.P.) before and after the thirteen-week instruction were compared in the instruction group. After completion of the instruction program, a significant reduction of RI values (177.2 +/- 18.3 vs. 169.4 +/- 20.1, p < 0.01), and a significant increase in body height (144.9 +/- 7.7 cm vs. 146.7 +/- 7.7 cm, p < 0.01), with no change in body weight (54.5 +/- 11.3 kg vs. 54.3 +/- 11.3 kg) were found in the group receiving instruction. Some of the anthropometric parameters of @entity28 were also significantly improved. Reduction of total @entity165 and serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT)/Glutamic Pyrvic Transaminase ( @entity6283 ) levels were also observed; the later phenomena were interpreted as an improvement in the @entity1560 , which usually accompanies @entity28 . A significantly increased nutrition knowledge and change to more healthy dietary behavior were also found in students who finished the instruction program. This reduction was a measure of the effectiveness of weekly dietary instruction sessions. An increase in NSQ scores indicated improved nutritional knowledge and behavior. Through the implementation of weekly nutritional instruction, a decrease in RI can be achieved in a thirteen-week period. We propose that frequent nutritional education should be part of the curriculum of elementary school @entity1 in order to prevent @entity28 .

title: The effectiveness of dietary instruction in obese school XXXX of southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty metamorphosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related diseases', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Levels of @entity12161 (D/L ratio) in cranial non-collagen proteins (acid-soluble peptide fractions) have been reported to increase with age. We isolated total @entity535 fractions from the femur and separately isolated acid-insoluble collagen fraction and acid-soluble peptide fractions; then D/L ratios were measured from each fraction by gas chromatography. We evaluated the applicability of their D/L ratios for age estimation based on their correlation coefficient. A sex-related difference was observed in the D/L ratio. In particular, aged females showed a low ratio, suggesting an association with @entity79 . In males, the D/L ratios of acid-soluble peptide fraction showed the highest correlation rate (r = 0.969) with age, and those of total @entity535 fraction showed the highest correlation rate (r = 0.633) with age in females. Without separation of male and female, the D/L ratios of total @entity535 fraction showed the highest value (r = 0.853). The D/L ratio of acid-soluble peptide fractions differed according to the size of bone powder particles, being higher for larger particle sizes. These results suggest that the application of D/L ratio from total @entity535 fraction is the most effective method for estimating age using the @entity1 femur. However, care is necessary when studing cadavers that might be females.

title: Evaluation of aspartic acid racemization ratios in the XXXX femur for age estimation.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disorders']

entities_list: @entity12161 :: ('CHEBI:17364', 'Chemical') :: ['D-aspartic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Margosan-O, an insecticide formulated from extracts of neem tree (Azadirachta indica) seed kernels, besides being toxic, also has feeding, oviposition-deterring, and growth-inhibitory effects on insects. This product, registered in the United States for ornamental plants, has been proposed for food crop use. However, little information exists on its effects on aquatic organisms. This study investigated @entity137 of Margosan-O to the mosquito Culex spp., a possible target species, and to nontarget species-two crustaceans, Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, and a dipteran, Chironomus riparius. The 48-h EC50 value of 105 mg @entity5022 . was significantly more toxic than for C. riparius (281 mg @entity5022 ), not significantly different from D. magna (125 mg @entity5022 ) but was significantly less toxic than for H. azteca (71 mg @entity5022 ). A concentration of 20-30 mg @entity5022 caused growth inhibitory effects in Culex spp. and C. riparius larvae and 40 and 84 mg @entity5022 affected growth and reproduction in H. azteca and D. magna, respectively. Margosan-O may not be suitable for mosquito control since the concentrations required to control emergence may have some nontarget effects. Alternatively, the agricultural application of Margosan-O is also not expected to reduce the survival or produce growth and reproductive effects in nontarget aquatic organisms. However, based on estimated concentrations of less than 10 mg @entity5022 in adjacent shallow bodies of water and recommendations for repeated applications, there should be concern that the threshold for chronic @entity137 is too narrow.

title: The XXXX of margosan-O, a product of neem seeds, to selected target and nontarget aquatic invertebrates

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: To address the recent rise in @entity565 morbidity and mortality in Russia, an intervention study was conducted to improve @entity565 diagnosis, treatment and prevention. US recommendations for @entity565 management were adapted for use in educating Moscow families with @entity1 with @entity565 . Two hundred and fifty-two @entity1 with @entity565 aged 4-14 years receiving health care in eight Moscow public health clinics together with their parents were enrolled in the study to see whether US teaching manuals for @entity565 management would be acceptable and effective in Russia. @entity1 at four of the clinics with recent @entity565 attacks were randomly assigned to either the education or control group to test if @entity1 education and guided @entity565 care would improve outcomes for @entity1 . Modern medications were made available to both groups to see if training in the US guidelines was necessary to get physicians to use the medications. @entity1 with recent @entity565 attacks at the other four clinics were defined as comparison group 1 to control for the possible effect of medication availability. All @entity1 at the eight clinics who had no @entity565 attacks composed comparison group 2 to see if the outcomes for these @entity1 would change over time. One-year follow-up results showed significant improvement in @entity565 self-management skills of @entity1 and parents, in terms of @entity565 treatment, only among those in the education group. Significant increases were observed in the subgroup of @entity1 in the education group using anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity565 control. @entity1 in the education group had markedly increased peak flow rates and reduced daily peak flow variability as compared to control and comparison groups. There was a significantly greater reduction in doctor visits by the education group of @entity1 compared to control. Presumably, changes in parents' and @entity1 's behaviour in terms of @entity565 treatment and prevention skills, proper treatment of the disease and access to medications could be responsible for reducing @entity565 morbidity in @entity1 .

title: Asthma education programme in Russia: educating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity286 smoking habit has been considered like an important cause of @entity6 . Health education efficiency has been supported by many experiences in order to promote @entity286 withdrawal by personal counselling with a direct nurse role at primary health care level. This study was carried out by all this information with tre straight goal of describing changes in the @entity6 @entity286 behaviour after a stepped counselling and a primary care nurse following. Description details are given of the smoking @entity6 population counselled and listed at the same time in a nurse control clinic over a 18 months period. A Smokers Helping Scheme (SHS) was used. SHS understood that @entity286 withdrawal is behavioural changing process with a few steps. Smokers were given with special written material for thes purpose. Results data were caught by the researchers from the chronical @entity1 's census and from the @entity286 program control sheets. @entity286 withdrawal was verified by espirated air CO determination (Smokorlizar system) and has been maintained by the 25% of managed @entity6 @entity1 in this investigation. We strongly believe that nursing @entity6 @entity286 counselling by SHS acts like a behavioural modificator as results are showing. Health state improvement and a better life quality have been got on the @entity6 @entity1 that has been managed.

title: [Smoking and XXXX . An intervention protocol].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and management of @entity731 complicating radiation therapy for squamous @entity189 ( @entity6461 ) are not well known. CASES: A series of four @entity1 who underwent medical or surgical treatment of radiation-induced @entity455 were identified. @entity432 was seen in one @entity1 7 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 and was treated by a femorofemoral bypass. Acute @entity432 was seen in three @entity1 . One @entity1 developed right foot @entity63 2 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 which was treated by a right axillofemoral bypass. One @entity1 developed a @entity39 2 years after external irradiation for a recurrence of @entity6461 which was treated by a percutaneous @entity384 . One @entity1 developed, 3 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 , a subacute @entity63 of the left leg on the first postoperative day after a rectal resection. It was treated by vasodilators, @entity460 inhibitors, and anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of radiation-induced @entity731 complicating radiation therapy for @entity6461 is easy but treatment is difficult. Long-term results of @entity384 are limited and extraanatomic bypass with allograft is the treatment of choice whenever feasible. However, because of poor long-term results, surgery should be attempted only in the case of severe @entity63 .

title: Iliac XXXX complicating radiation therapy for cervix cancer: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['left toe necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['artery dilatation', 'arterial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic right iliac artery occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our policy of managing @entity3327 for the success rate of the treatments, potency afterward, complications, and the risk factors responsible for @entity323 in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 (mean age 37.1 years, range 22-66) with a diagnosis of @entity3327 (1981-1999). Their records were reviewed; 35 @entity1 were available for a long-term evaluation. Factors assessed were the duration of @entity3327 , history of previous recurrent attacks, possible underlying causes (e.g. @entity74 , medications or @entity130 ), relation to sexual stimulation, @entity158 , and any attempt at previous management. A complete blood screen and blood gases were assessed in corporal aspirates. Duplex ultrasonography was used in all @entity323 @entity1 at their follow-up. Early and late complications were reviewed, and @entity1 asked about their erectile function before @entity3327 , and any recurrence. RESULTS: The median (range) duration of @entity3327 was 48 (6-240) h; almost half the @entity1 presented > 48 h after the onset of @entity3327 . Sixteen @entity1 (32%) reported a history of previous recurrent attacks, of whom seven had a history of previous treatments. The main cause of @entity3327 was idiopathic or intracavernosal injection with @entity3302 . All @entity1 were initially treated by corporal blood aspiration and injection with @entity6358 ; if this failed or if the @entity3327 was prolonged (> 48 h) various shunts were used. The hospital stay was significantly shorter among @entity1 with @entity3302 -induced or brief @entity3327 . In the long-term follow-up of 35 @entity1 (mean 66.4 months, range 3-220) only 15 (43%) reported preserved erectile function, and this was more likely in @entity1 with brief @entity3327 (< 48 h). Eight @entity1 (23%) reported subsequent recurrent attacks of @entity3327 ; all were managed successfully as they presented shortly after their onset. @entity82 was detected in 20 @entity1 (57%), and was significantly more common in those with prolonged @entity3327 (> 48 h) or from causes other than @entity3302 . The 20 @entity323 @entity1 evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography had severe echo-dense @entity82 and high end-diastolic velocities suggesting @entity5501 in all except two. In five @entity1 with shunts cavernosography showed extensive @entity1211 irrespective of site of the shunt. MRI in five @entity1 with @entity82 showed heterogeneous areas of low signal intensity, corresponding with @entity527 and @entity82 . On univariate analysis the final result of management (complete detumescence or not), the duration of @entity3327 and the presence of @entity82 significantly influenced erectile function. On multivariate logistic regression only the first remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity258 for > 48 h, failure to maintain complete detumescence after management, and marked @entity82 during the follow-up are the most significant risk factors responsible for @entity323 , with failure to achieve complete detumescence the most detrimental.

title: @entity258 : risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'impotent']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['penile fibrosis', 'fibrosis', 'Penile fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['haemosiderin deposition']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['Low-flow priapism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous leakage']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our policy of managing @entity3327 for the success rate of the treatments, potency afterward, complications, and the risk factors responsible for @entity323 in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 (mean age 37.1 years, range 22-66) with a diagnosis of @entity3327 (1981-1999). Their records were reviewed; 35 @entity1 were available for a long-term evaluation. Factors assessed were the duration of @entity3327 , history of previous recurrent attacks, possible underlying causes (e.g. @entity74 , medications or @entity130 ), relation to sexual stimulation, @entity158 , and any attempt at previous management. A complete blood screen and blood gases were assessed in corporal aspirates. Duplex ultrasonography was used in all @entity323 @entity1 at their follow-up. Early and late complications were reviewed, and @entity1 asked about their erectile function before @entity3327 , and any recurrence. RESULTS: The median (range) duration of @entity3327 was 48 (6-240) h; almost half the @entity1 presented > 48 h after the onset of @entity3327 . Sixteen @entity1 (32%) reported a history of previous recurrent attacks, of whom seven had a history of previous treatments. The main cause of @entity3327 was idiopathic or intracavernosal injection with @entity3302 . All @entity1 were initially treated by corporal blood aspiration and injection with @entity6358 ; if this failed or if the @entity3327 was prolonged (> 48 h) various shunts were used. The hospital stay was significantly shorter among @entity1 with @entity3302 -induced or brief @entity3327 . In the long-term follow-up of 35 @entity1 (mean 66.4 months, range 3-220) only 15 (43%) reported preserved erectile function, and this was more likely in @entity1 with brief @entity3327 (< 48 h). Eight @entity1 (23%) reported subsequent recurrent attacks of @entity3327 ; all were managed successfully as they presented shortly after their onset. @entity82 was detected in 20 @entity1 (57%), and was significantly more common in those with prolonged @entity3327 (> 48 h) or from causes other than @entity3302 . The 20 @entity323 @entity1 evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography had severe echo-dense @entity82 and high end-diastolic velocities suggesting @entity5501 in all except two. In five @entity1 with shunts cavernosography showed extensive @entity1211 irrespective of site of the shunt. MRI in five @entity1 with @entity82 showed heterogeneous areas of low signal intensity, corresponding with @entity527 and @entity82 . On univariate analysis the final result of management (complete detumescence or not), the duration of @entity3327 and the presence of @entity82 significantly influenced erectile function. On multivariate logistic regression only the first remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity258 for > 48 h, failure to maintain complete detumescence after management, and marked @entity82 during the follow-up are the most significant risk factors responsible for @entity323 , with failure to achieve complete detumescence the most detrimental.

title: XXXX : risk factors for @entity323 .

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['Low-flow priapism']


abstract: We have reviewed the histopathological, clinical outcome and immunohistochemical status in 21 @entity1 with @entity13392 ( @entity13392 ) @entity5 of the breast. We assessed 12 @entity5 as histopathologically benign and 9 @entity5 as malignant. The median @entity1 ages in benign and @entity5 were 39.6 and 45.4 years of age, respectively. The stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, high mitotic activity, atypic mitoses, stromal overgrowth, infiltrative @entity5 contour, and heterologous stromal elements were significant features of the @entity5 . @entity5 were predominantly of fibroadenomatous architecture with cellular stroma (mild or moderate) and some distortion and elongation of glandular elements. Five @entity5 were stained positively with @entity876 , and 6 @entity5 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67. All @entity5 were negatively stained for @entity876 and Ki-67. The @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with local excision ( n=11) and with subcutaneous mastectomy ( n=1). @entity5 were treated with wide local excision ( n=1), partial mastectomy ( n=1), simple mastectomy ( n=2), and modified radical mastectomy ( n=5). Two @entity1 with a high mitotic rate and high values of @entity876 and Ki-67 received additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One case had liver @entity3 . This @entity5 had high mitotic figures, stromal overgrowth, severe stromal cellularity, and 20% Ki-67 and mild @entity876 positivity. We suggest that @entity876 and Ki-67 can play an important role in predicting prognosis and yielding additional therapy besides conventional prognostic factors in the treatment of the @entity13392 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and Ki-67 expression as prognostic factors in @entity13392 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign CSP tumors', 'Benign CSP tumors', 'Malignant CSP tumors', 'tumors', 'malignant CSP tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity13392 :: ('MESH:D003557', 'Disease') :: ['cystosarcoma phyllodes', 'CSP']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We have reviewed the histopathological, clinical outcome and immunohistochemical status in 21 @entity1 with @entity13392 ( @entity13392 ) @entity5 of the breast. We assessed 12 @entity5 as histopathologically benign and 9 @entity5 as malignant. The median @entity1 ages in benign and @entity5 were 39.6 and 45.4 years of age, respectively. The stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, high mitotic activity, atypic mitoses, stromal overgrowth, infiltrative @entity5 contour, and heterologous stromal elements were significant features of the @entity5 . @entity5 were predominantly of fibroadenomatous architecture with cellular stroma (mild or moderate) and some distortion and elongation of glandular elements. Five @entity5 were stained positively with @entity876 , and 6 @entity5 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67. All @entity5 were negatively stained for @entity876 and Ki-67. The @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with local excision ( n=11) and with subcutaneous mastectomy ( n=1). @entity5 were treated with wide local excision ( n=1), partial mastectomy ( n=1), simple mastectomy ( n=2), and modified radical mastectomy ( n=5). Two @entity1 with a high mitotic rate and high values of @entity876 and Ki-67 received additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One case had liver @entity3 . This @entity5 had high mitotic figures, stromal overgrowth, severe stromal cellularity, and 20% Ki-67 and mild @entity876 positivity. We suggest that @entity876 and Ki-67 can play an important role in predicting prognosis and yielding additional therapy besides conventional prognostic factors in the treatment of the @entity13392 @entity1 .

title: @entity876 and Ki-67 expression as prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity13392 :: (MESH:D003557,Disease) :: ['cystosarcoma phyllodes']


abstract: Between January 1994 and July 1995, 40 pre-school @entity1 were found to have drug-resistant @entity328 (DRSP), i.e. reduced sensitivity to @entity114 (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, > or =0.1) and resistance to at least two other antibiotic drugs. Twenty-five of the @entity1 were index cases with symptoms of @entity1576 , and 15 @entity1 were carriers discovered in contact-tracing in connection with an index case. @entity1 attending the same group in the day-care centre as an index @entity1 were routinely screened. Thirteen of the index @entity1 were attending day-care centres. In 11 of these day-care centres, contact-tracing and nasopharyngeal swabs from 424 @entity1 and 128 day-care personnel identified an additional 13 asymptomatic @entity1 who were carriers of DRSP. In all but one case, the same serotype as the index case was discovered. No day-care personnel were carriers of the DRSP strain. Sixteen (64%) of the 25 @entity1 with symptoms caused by DRSP were 1 year old or younger, whereas eight (61%) of the 13 @entity1 who were carriers of DRSP were 3-4 years old. In conclusion, when a @entity1 attending a day-care centre is discovered to have @entity1576 caused by DRSP, there is a great probability that additional @entity1 will be identified in the group with the same DRSP strain.

title: Drug-resistant XXXX in day-care centres in Stockholm County.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Arteries enlarge in response to increased blood flow, but the molecular signals controlling this enlargement are not well understood. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for endothelial cells (EC) and @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) and promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation. In order to determine whether bFGF is expressed in response to increased blood flow in vivo, carotid-jugular @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) were created in @entity95 . The carotid artery proximal to the @entity292 was harvested after 1, 3, or 7 days and compared to nonoperated, control carotid arteries. Arterial blood flow increased five- to eightfold in all @entity2548 animals and resulted in a significant increase in wall shear stress. The proximal carotid artery arterial diameter was no different from control after 1 and 3 days (2.3 +/- 0. 1 mm) but enlarged to 2.9 +/- 0.1 mm (P < 0.05) after 7 days. RT-PCR revealed early transcription of bFGF mRNA at 1 and 3 days with increased densitometric band ratio (bFGF/ @entity56821 ) at 7 days. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed bFGF protein localization in EC of control arteries as well as @entity2548 arteries at all time points. @entity3960 and adventitia expression of bFGF was absent in controls, minimal at 1 day, and increased after 3 and 7 days in the experimental groups. Western blotting confirmed the presence of bFGF in samples and transmission immunoelectron microscopy confirmed its nuclear localization. Endothelial cells in vivo express bFGF under both normal and elevated flow conditions. Smooth muscle cells, however, do not express bFGF under normal flow conditions but begin to express bFGF after 1 day of high flow with increased expression after 3 and 7 days. Flow-induced @entity432 begins after @entity3960 expression of bFGF. Therefore, bFGF may play a role in @entity432 and adaptive remodeling in response to increased flow.

title: Basic fibroblast growth factor expression precedes flow-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial enlargement']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity364 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity1 . It is generally thought that @entity11015 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity12364 , the main @entity5068 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity165 contained in @entity1 cells, hence its @entity137 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity11015 and @entity3150 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity11015 in pure @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) vesicles and in @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing @entity4748 vesicles. The @entity5068 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity11015 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity11015 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity11015 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity11015 interacts with @entity165 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity11015 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity12364 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity11015 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity11015 + @entity4748 and ( @entity11015 + @entity12364 )+ @entity4748 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity12364 - as compared to the @entity165 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity3150 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity11015 with @entity12364 as compared to @entity165 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity11015 on @entity165 - as compared to @entity12364 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity11015 in pure as well as @entity5068 -containing @entity4748 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity2379 on pure and XXXX - or @entity165 -containing @entity4747 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12364 :: ('MESH:D004875', 'Chemical') :: ['ergosterol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

answer: @entity12364 :: (MESH:D004875,Chemical) :: ['ergosterol']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity364 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity1 . It is generally thought that @entity11015 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity12364 , the main @entity5068 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity165 contained in @entity1 cells, hence its @entity137 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity11015 and @entity3150 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity11015 in pure @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) vesicles and in @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing @entity4748 vesicles. The @entity5068 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity11015 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity11015 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity11015 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity11015 interacts with @entity165 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity11015 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity12364 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity11015 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity11015 + @entity4748 and ( @entity11015 + @entity12364 )+ @entity4748 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity12364 - as compared to the @entity165 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity3150 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity11015 with @entity12364 as compared to @entity165 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity11015 on @entity165 - as compared to @entity12364 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity11015 in pure as well as @entity5068 -containing @entity4748 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of XXXX on pure and @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing @entity4747 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity364 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity1 . It is generally thought that @entity11015 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity12364 , the main @entity5068 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity165 contained in @entity1 cells, hence its @entity137 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity11015 and @entity3150 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity11015 in pure @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) vesicles and in @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing @entity4748 vesicles. The @entity5068 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity11015 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity11015 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity11015 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity11015 interacts with @entity165 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity11015 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity12364 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity11015 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity11015 + @entity4748 and ( @entity11015 + @entity12364 )+ @entity4748 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity12364 - as compared to the @entity165 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity3150 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity11015 with @entity12364 as compared to @entity165 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity11015 on @entity165 - as compared to @entity12364 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity11015 in pure as well as @entity5068 -containing @entity4748 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity2379 on pure and @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing XXXX bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity4747 :: (MESH:D015060,Chemical) :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity364 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity1 . It is generally thought that @entity11015 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity12364 , the main @entity5068 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity165 contained in @entity1 cells, hence its @entity137 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity11015 and @entity3150 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity11015 in pure @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) vesicles and in @entity12364 - or @entity165 -containing @entity4748 vesicles. The @entity5068 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity11015 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity11015 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity11015 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity11015 interacts with @entity165 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity11015 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity12364 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity11015 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity11015 + @entity4748 and ( @entity11015 + @entity12364 )+ @entity4748 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity12364 - as compared to the @entity165 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity3150 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity11015 with @entity12364 as compared to @entity165 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity11015 on @entity165 - as compared to @entity12364 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity11015 in pure as well as @entity5068 -containing @entity4748 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity2379 on pure and @entity12364 - or XXXX -containing @entity4747 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of a combined multivariate/resampling procedure for the analysis of PET activation studies. The covariance-based multivariate analysis was used to investigate distributed brain systems in @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) @entity1 and matched controls during performance of a working memory task. The results were compared to univariate results obtained in an earlier study. We also examined whether the @entity1005 @entity1 demonstrated a breakdown in functional connectivity that may be associated with working @entity2414 often experienced by these @entity1 . A resampling procedure was used specifically to test the reliability of measured between-group effects, to avoid mistaken inference on the basis of random intersubject differences. Significant and reproducible differences in network connectivity were obtained for the two groups. The functional connectivity pattern of the @entity1 group was characterized by relatively more activation in the bilateral inferior parietal lobes and the left precentral gyrus than the control group, and less activation in the inferior medial frontal lobe, bilateral middle frontal gyri and right inferior temporal gyrus. The resampling procedure provided direct evidence that working memory updating was abnormal in @entity1005 @entity1 relative to matched controls. This work focuses on the need to identify extended brain networks (in addition to regionally specific changes) for the full characterization of brain responses in neuroimaging experiments. Our multivariate analysis explicitly measures the reliability of the patterns of functional connectivity we obtain and demonstrates the potential of such analyses for the study of @entity75 in psychopathology.

title: Abnormal functional connectivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory difficulties']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain network dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An undetectable postoperative serum @entity701 has been regarded as a definition of cure in @entity699 . However, we noted disease recurrence amongst @entity1 with @entity699 despite undetectable postoperative @entity701 levels, and this led us to audit our data. We have also previously assessed surgical outcome for @entity2012 and @entity2013 for a single surgeon. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the treatment and surgical outcome of @entity1 with @entity699 . In particular, we wished to compare the data with outcome for other @entity5 in our centre; and (ii) to determine whether undetectable @entity701 following surgery is predictive of long-term cure for @entity699 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of 97 @entity1 ; mean age 39.1 (range: 14-82) years, 78/97 (80.4%) female, mean follow-up 92 months (range: 6 months to 29 years), with @entity699 seen in our unit between 1969 and 1998. We documented diagnostic investigation, immediate surgical outcome and disease recurrence in these @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had elevated urinary free @entity701 (mean 1270.6 nmol/l, range: 327-3245 nmol/l). In total, 95.5% of @entity1 did not suppress with low-dose @entity619 suppression testing. Hypokalaemia (K < 3.2 mmol/l) was present in 15.6% of @entity1 ; 17.5% of @entity1 did not show @entity701 suppression with high-dose @entity619 and 15.8% of @entity1 did not show an ACTH rise of > 50% following corticotrophic releasing hormone ( @entity6192 ) administration. There was no significant (> 3) gradient in ACTH or @entity701 following @entity6192 during inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 27.3% of @entity1 who had the test. A @entity5 was demonstrated on imaging in 55.8% of @entity1 ; 10.3% were macroadenomas. Mortality rate following trans-sphenoidal surgery was 1%. Following surgery, the immediate postoperative remission rate (undetectable postoperative @entity701 ) was 68.5%. However, 11.5% of these @entity1 developed disease recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.3 months. Considering microadenomas, @entity699 @entity1 had an immediate postoperative remission rate of 63.2% which is significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to a remission rate of 91.1% in @entity2012 . Additionally, new @entity86 (13.9%) and @entity1220 (25.8%) was higher in @entity1 with @entity699 compared to @entity1 with @entity2012 or @entity2013 . Immediate postoperative remission rates improved from 50% in the first decade of a surgeon's career to consistently above 60% in the second and third decades, demonstrating a trend which may be attributed to surgical experience. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Despite strict criteria for immediate postoperative remission and recurrence, undetectable postoperative @entity701 is not always predictive of long-term remission. (ii) Despite an aggressive surgical approach, immediate postoperative remission rates for @entity699 are lower compared to other microadenomas. The development of new @entity7961 following surgery is also commoner than that seen amongst other microadenomas. These data have important implications for the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity699 .

title: Undetectable postoperative @entity701 does not always predict long-term remission in XXXX : a single centre audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['microprolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative gonadotrophin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormonal deficiency']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An undetectable postoperative serum @entity701 has been regarded as a definition of cure in @entity699 . However, we noted disease recurrence amongst @entity1 with @entity699 despite undetectable postoperative @entity701 levels, and this led us to audit our data. We have also previously assessed surgical outcome for @entity2012 and @entity2013 for a single surgeon. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the treatment and surgical outcome of @entity1 with @entity699 . In particular, we wished to compare the data with outcome for other @entity5 in our centre; and (ii) to determine whether undetectable @entity701 following surgery is predictive of long-term cure for @entity699 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of 97 @entity1 ; mean age 39.1 (range: 14-82) years, 78/97 (80.4%) female, mean follow-up 92 months (range: 6 months to 29 years), with @entity699 seen in our unit between 1969 and 1998. We documented diagnostic investigation, immediate surgical outcome and disease recurrence in these @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 had elevated urinary free @entity701 (mean 1270.6 nmol/l, range: 327-3245 nmol/l). In total, 95.5% of @entity1 did not suppress with low-dose @entity619 suppression testing. Hypokalaemia (K < 3.2 mmol/l) was present in 15.6% of @entity1 ; 17.5% of @entity1 did not show @entity701 suppression with high-dose @entity619 and 15.8% of @entity1 did not show an ACTH rise of > 50% following corticotrophic releasing hormone ( @entity6192 ) administration. There was no significant (> 3) gradient in ACTH or @entity701 following @entity6192 during inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 27.3% of @entity1 who had the test. A @entity5 was demonstrated on imaging in 55.8% of @entity1 ; 10.3% were macroadenomas. Mortality rate following trans-sphenoidal surgery was 1%. Following surgery, the immediate postoperative remission rate (undetectable postoperative @entity701 ) was 68.5%. However, 11.5% of these @entity1 developed disease recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.3 months. Considering microadenomas, @entity699 @entity1 had an immediate postoperative remission rate of 63.2% which is significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to a remission rate of 91.1% in @entity2012 . Additionally, new @entity86 (13.9%) and @entity1220 (25.8%) was higher in @entity1 with @entity699 compared to @entity1 with @entity2012 or @entity2013 . Immediate postoperative remission rates improved from 50% in the first decade of a surgeon's career to consistently above 60% in the second and third decades, demonstrating a trend which may be attributed to surgical experience. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Despite strict criteria for immediate postoperative remission and recurrence, undetectable postoperative @entity701 is not always predictive of long-term remission. (ii) Despite an aggressive surgical approach, immediate postoperative remission rates for @entity699 are lower compared to other microadenomas. The development of new @entity7961 following surgery is also commoner than that seen amongst other microadenomas. These data have important implications for the follow-up of @entity1 with @entity699 .

title: Undetectable postoperative XXXX does not always predict long-term remission in @entity699 : a single centre audit.

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity32 are both important processes that contribute to @entity8 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity631 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity631 was induced in @entity35 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity38867 ( @entity38867 ) to the results obtained in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity38867 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity38867 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity8 and @entity548 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity35 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity35 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity715 effect, but induced @entity548 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity38867 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity35 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity631 in @entity35 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity715 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity38867 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity8 .

title: Effects of @entity1 soluble @entity9820 on experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular thrombosis', 'thrombotic glomerular injury and related disorders', 'glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage', 'lung hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity32 are both important processes that contribute to @entity8 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity631 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity631 was induced in @entity35 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity38867 ( @entity38867 ) to the results obtained in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity38867 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity38867 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity8 and @entity548 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity35 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity35 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity715 effect, but induced @entity548 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity38867 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity35 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity631 in @entity35 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity715 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity38867 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity8 .

title: Effects of @entity1 soluble XXXX on experimental @entity631 .

answer: @entity9820 :: (7056,Gene) :: ['thrombomodulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity32 are both important processes that contribute to @entity8 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity631 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity631 was induced in @entity35 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity38867 ( @entity38867 ) to the results obtained in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity38867 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity38867 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity8 and @entity548 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity35 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity35 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity715 effect, but induced @entity548 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity38867 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity35 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity35 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity631 in @entity35 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity715 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity38867 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity8 .

title: Effects of XXXX soluble @entity9820 on experimental @entity631 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The complex role of @entity842 in the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration. @entity842 is an important neurohumoral modulator of glomerular ultrafiltration and renal hemodynamics. Multiple @entity842 synthase (NOS) isoforms are present within the kidney. However, it is difficult to discern which NOS is most active from prior studies using non-selective NOS blockers. It is recently apparent that NOS activity is important to the activity of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) systems, systems that relate tubular reabsorption to the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration. Neuronal (nNOS) or brain NOS ( @entity2821 ; NOS I) is present within the macula densa, the sensing element of TGF systems. Inhibition of NOS activity and specifically @entity2821 enhances TGF activity. The TGF system also adapts temporally and these events appear to be dependent upon up-regulation of activity of @entity2821 within the kidney. Temporal adaptation occurs within one to three hours whereby activation of TGF is followed by a gradual return of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow toward normal levels. After 24 hours of @entity15540 treatment and withdrawal of this agent, glomerular filtration actually increases to supranormal levels and this is prevented by inhibition of @entity2821 activity. Factors regulating @entity2821 activity have not been fully clarified. We have recently observed @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors within the kidney that, when inhibited, result in major reductions in renal blood flow and GFR, suggesting an important role for the @entity143 receptor in regulation of renal hemodynamics. Future studies will determine whether @entity143 receptor is also an important regulator of @entity2821 activity and the TGF system.

title: The complex role of XXXX in the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration.

entities_list: @entity15540 :: ('MESH:D001574', 'Chemical') :: ['benzolamide']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: In the cyanobacterium @entity324 , genes for @entity3411 , @entity515 , and @entity8862 resistance are grouped in a 12 kb gene cluster. The nrsBACD operon is composed of four genes, which encode proteins involved in @entity3411 resistance. Upstream from nrsBACD, and in opposite orientation, a transcription unit formed by the two genes rppA and rppB has been reported previously to encode a two-component signal transduction system involved in redox sensing. In this report, we demonstrate that rppA and rppB (here redesigned nrsR and nrsS respectively) control the @entity3411 -dependent induction of the nrsBACD operon and are involved in @entity3411 sensing. Thus, expression of the nrsBACD operon was not induced by @entity3411 in a nrsRS mutant strain. Furthermore, nrsRS mutant cells showed reduced tolerance to @entity3411 . Whereas the nrsBACD operon is transcribed from two different promoters, one constitutive and the other dependent on the presence of @entity3411 in the medium, the nrsRS operon is transcribed from a single @entity3411 -inducible promoter. The nrsRS promoter is silent in a nrsRS mutant background suggesting that the system is autoregulated. Purified full length NrsR protein is unable to bind to the nrsBACD-nrsRS intergenic region; however, an @entity1472 -terminal truncated protein that contains the DNA binding domain of NrsR binds specifically to this region. Our nrsRS mutant, which carries a deletion of most of the nrsR gene and part of the nrsS gene, does not show redox imbalance or photosynthetic gene mis-expression, contrasting with the previously reported nrsR mutant.

title: A two-component signal transduction system involved in nickel sensing in the cyanobacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity324 :: ('1148', 'Species') :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803']

answer: @entity324 :: (1148,Species) :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this double blind, randomized, comparative study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and incidence of @entity616 after @entity616 using three different concentrations of @entity1342 , 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1), in @entity1 4-12-year-old. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 ASA I-II, scheduled for inguinal surgery, were included in the study. After induction of a standardized general anaesthetic technique, all @entity1 received 1 ml x kg(-1) of the @entity1342 solution for a @entity616 and were assessed for 8 h after the injection. RESULTS: The @entity1342 was well tolerated in all @entity1 . Median time to treatment with analgesics was 3.3, 4.5 and 4.2 h in the 1, 2 and 3 mg x ml(-1) groups, respectively. During the first 4 h, the @entity158 scores for both a 6-graded faces scale and a 4-graded observer scale were higher in the 1 mg x ml(-1) group than the 3 mg x ml(-1) group. The median sensory block reached T12 in all groups 1 h after the @entity616 . Thereafter, the speed of regression was correlated with the @entity1342 concentration. In the @entity1 with a sensory block from T12 and above, the median time to treatment with analgesics was longer than in the @entity1 with a sensory block below T12. The incidence of @entity616 was 28% in the 3 mg x ml(-1) group in comparison with 0 and 13% in the 1 and 2 mg x ml(-1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that 1 ml x kg(-1) of @entity1342 2 mg x ml(-1) for @entity616 provided satisfactory @entity282 relief after inguinal surgery in 4-12-year-old @entity1 . @entity1342 1 mg x ml(-1) showed less efficacy while the use of @entity1342 3 mg x ml(-1) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity616 with minimal improvement in @entity282 relief.

title: The efficacy of caudal XXXX 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1) for postoperative analgesia in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block', 'caudal block']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this double blind, randomized, comparative study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and incidence of @entity616 after @entity616 using three different concentrations of @entity1342 , 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1), in @entity1 4-12-year-old. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 ASA I-II, scheduled for inguinal surgery, were included in the study. After induction of a standardized general anaesthetic technique, all @entity1 received 1 ml x kg(-1) of the @entity1342 solution for a @entity616 and were assessed for 8 h after the injection. RESULTS: The @entity1342 was well tolerated in all @entity1 . Median time to treatment with analgesics was 3.3, 4.5 and 4.2 h in the 1, 2 and 3 mg x ml(-1) groups, respectively. During the first 4 h, the @entity158 scores for both a 6-graded faces scale and a 4-graded observer scale were higher in the 1 mg x ml(-1) group than the 3 mg x ml(-1) group. The median sensory block reached T12 in all groups 1 h after the @entity616 . Thereafter, the speed of regression was correlated with the @entity1342 concentration. In the @entity1 with a sensory block from T12 and above, the median time to treatment with analgesics was longer than in the @entity1 with a sensory block below T12. The incidence of @entity616 was 28% in the 3 mg x ml(-1) group in comparison with 0 and 13% in the 1 and 2 mg x ml(-1) groups. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that 1 ml x kg(-1) of @entity1342 2 mg x ml(-1) for @entity616 provided satisfactory @entity282 relief after inguinal surgery in 4-12-year-old @entity1 . @entity1342 1 mg x ml(-1) showed less efficacy while the use of @entity1342 3 mg x ml(-1) was associated with a higher incidence of @entity616 with minimal improvement in @entity282 relief.

title: The efficacy of caudal @entity1342 1, 2 and 3 mg x l(-1) for postoperative analgesia in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Tissue @entity1188 , involving @entity204 of essentially all cells within a part of the brain, is a common pathology resulting from @entity64 and an important determinant of the long-term consequences of this disorder. The cell @entity204 that leads to @entity1188 formation is likely to be the result of multiple interacting pathological processes. A range of factors, including the severity of the ischemic insult and whether this is permanent or reversed, determine which mechanisms predominate. Although evaluating mitochondrial properties in intact brain is difficult, evidence for several potentially deleterious responses to @entity2806 or post-ischemic reperfusion have been obtained from investigations using animal models of @entity64 . Marked changes in @entity855 and related energy metabolites develop quickly in response to occlusion of a cerebral artery, as expected from limitations in the delivery of @entity26 and @entity413 . However, these alterations are often only partially reversed on reperfusion despite improved substrate delivery. @entity63 -induced decreases in the mitochondrial capacity for respiratory activity probably contribute to the ongoing impairment of energy metabolism during reperfusion and possibly also to the magnitude of changes seen during @entity63 . Conditions during reperfusion are likely to be conducive to the induction of the permeability transition in mitochondria. There are as yet no well-characterized techniques to identify this change in the intact brain. However, the protective effects of some agents that block formation of the transition pore are consistent with both the induction of the permeability transition during early recirculation and a role for this in the development of @entity3145 . Release of @entity4674 into the cytoplasm of cells has been observed with both permanent and reversed @entity63 and could trigger the @entity204 of some cells by apoptosis, a process which probably contributes to the expansion of the @entity2806 . Mitochondria are also likely to contribute to the widely-accepted role of @entity842 in the development of @entity2806 . These organelles are a probable target for the deleterious effects of this substance and can also act as a source of @entity224 for reaction with the @entity842 to produce the damaging species, @entity6710 . Further characterization of these mitochondrial responses should help to elucidate the mechanisms of cell @entity204 due to @entity2806 and possibly point to novel sites for therapeutic interventions in @entity64 .

title: Mitochondrial contributions to @entity3145 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'cerebral ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Tissue @entity1188 , involving @entity204 of essentially all cells within a part of the brain, is a common pathology resulting from @entity64 and an important determinant of the long-term consequences of this disorder. The cell @entity204 that leads to @entity1188 formation is likely to be the result of multiple interacting pathological processes. A range of factors, including the severity of the ischemic insult and whether this is permanent or reversed, determine which mechanisms predominate. Although evaluating mitochondrial properties in intact brain is difficult, evidence for several potentially deleterious responses to @entity2806 or post-ischemic reperfusion have been obtained from investigations using animal models of @entity64 . Marked changes in @entity855 and related energy metabolites develop quickly in response to occlusion of a cerebral artery, as expected from limitations in the delivery of @entity26 and @entity413 . However, these alterations are often only partially reversed on reperfusion despite improved substrate delivery. @entity63 -induced decreases in the mitochondrial capacity for respiratory activity probably contribute to the ongoing impairment of energy metabolism during reperfusion and possibly also to the magnitude of changes seen during @entity63 . Conditions during reperfusion are likely to be conducive to the induction of the permeability transition in mitochondria. There are as yet no well-characterized techniques to identify this change in the intact brain. However, the protective effects of some agents that block formation of the transition pore are consistent with both the induction of the permeability transition during early recirculation and a role for this in the development of @entity3145 . Release of @entity4674 into the cytoplasm of cells has been observed with both permanent and reversed @entity63 and could trigger the @entity204 of some cells by apoptosis, a process which probably contributes to the expansion of the @entity2806 . Mitochondria are also likely to contribute to the widely-accepted role of @entity842 in the development of @entity2806 . These organelles are a probable target for the deleterious effects of this substance and can also act as a source of @entity224 for reaction with the @entity842 to produce the damaging species, @entity6710 . Further characterization of these mitochondrial responses should help to elucidate the mechanisms of cell @entity204 due to @entity2806 and possibly point to novel sites for therapeutic interventions in @entity64 .

title: Mitochondrial contributions to XXXX in @entity64 .

answer: @entity3145 :: (MESH:D017695,Disease) :: ['tissue damage']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) once-a-day formulation of @entity3988 administered in the evening, at a dose of 240 mg, was assessed in 37 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol was used. Following a 4-day washout period, @entity1 entered a 5--7-day single-blind placebo run-in period during which qualification and reproducibility exercise treadmill tests (ETTs) were performed 24 h postdose. Eligible @entity1 were randomized in a double-blind fashion, to either @entity23 @entity3988 or to placebo for a 7--10-day treatment period. They then entered a 5--7-day single-blind washout period, after which they received the alternate treatment for another 7 to 10 days. ETTs were performed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, evening administration of @entity23 @entity3988 produced a marked improvement of the time to ETT termination, time to onset of @entity951 , and time to 1 mm ST @entity308 . In addition, the number of @entity951 recorded in @entity1 diaries was reduced compared to placebo. Incidence of adverse events was comparable with @entity23 @entity3988 and placebo. We conclude that evening administration of @entity23 @entity3988 is highly effective and safe in the treatment of stable @entity951 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of Evening Administration of Controlled-Delivery XXXX Capsules in Chronic Stable Angina @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'controlled-delivery']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina attacks', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['Diltiazem']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) once-a-day formulation of @entity3988 administered in the evening, at a dose of 240 mg, was assessed in 37 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover protocol was used. Following a 4-day washout period, @entity1 entered a 5--7-day single-blind placebo run-in period during which qualification and reproducibility exercise treadmill tests (ETTs) were performed 24 h postdose. Eligible @entity1 were randomized in a double-blind fashion, to either @entity23 @entity3988 or to placebo for a 7--10-day treatment period. They then entered a 5--7-day single-blind washout period, after which they received the alternate treatment for another 7 to 10 days. ETTs were performed at the end of each treatment period. Compared to placebo, evening administration of @entity23 @entity3988 produced a marked improvement of the time to ETT termination, time to onset of @entity951 , and time to 1 mm ST @entity308 . In addition, the number of @entity951 recorded in @entity1 diaries was reduced compared to placebo. Incidence of adverse events was comparable with @entity23 @entity3988 and placebo. We conclude that evening administration of @entity23 @entity3988 is highly effective and safe in the treatment of stable @entity951 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of Evening Administration of Controlled-Delivery @entity3988 Capsules in Chronic Stable Angina XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Penile erection is a vascular phenomenon that results from smooth muscle relaxation, @entity384 and venous restriction. The @entity731 of the penis that occurs with aging causes a decrease in penile @entity26 tension. A reduction of smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in relation with this change in @entity26 tension. Changes in the ratio of penile collagen have also been observed and could explain the decrease in penile elasticity and compliance. @entity63 is, therefore, associated with @entity82 but also with @entity842 (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The sensitivity of the alpha-adrenoceptors on the smooth muscle cells increases with aging. All those modifications can explain the prevalence of @entity323 with aging. Low @entity26 tension in prostanoid production may also play a role in the mechanism of @entity63 -induced cavernosal @entity82 ; however, intracavernous injections of @entity5015 do not seem to modify the intracavernous structures by reducing @entity2057 . The effects of @entity342 on libido and @entity146 are well established, but their role in the @entity1 erectile mechanism remains unclear. Several studies performed on animals have demonstrated impacts directly on both the physiological function and the trabecular structure of the corpora cavernosa in @entity35 , @entity235 and @entity95 . However, in @entity1 , no study seems to demonstrate a role of @entity251 on @entity2057 or penile neurologic control. @entity251 treatment alters the @entity1 behavior but not penile physiologic processes. Further studies are necessary to explain the real role of @entity251 not only on the peripheral mechanism of erection but also on the central control.

title: Smooth muscle pathology and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dilation']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(1)']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28772 ( @entity28772 ) is a rare disease characterized by the growth of uncapsulated masses of adipose tissue. @entity28772 is associated with high @entity1068 intake and complicated by @entity4148 and by the infiltration of the adipose tissue at the mediastinal level. To date, the disease is considered as slowly progressive, but long-term longitudinal data are still lacking. In this study, a long-term follow-up of a large series of @entity28772 @entity1 is presented. METHODS: We studied 31 @entity1 with @entity28772 (30 @entity3930 ) first evaluated at our institution from 1973 to 1992. All @entity1 were followed until 1998-1999 or until death, with a mean follow-up of 14.5+/-5.0 y (range 4-26 y). Both at baseline and during follow-up, the location and the size of the subcutaneous @entity1386 , the presence and the extension of deeply localized lipomatous tissue, and the presence and the severity of both @entity4148 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight @entity28772 @entity1 died during follow-up (25.8% of @entity1 ). A @entity944 was proved to be the cause of death in three @entity1 . All these three @entity1 had severe @entity4148 and none had @entity301 , acute @entity583 or other @entity299 . No signs or symptoms of @entity301 were present in the whole series. In addition to this high fatality rate, a substantial morbidity related to the occupation of the mediastinal space by the lipomatus tissue and to somatic @entity16 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28772 is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the definition of ' @entity70741 ', still adopted by several authors, cannot be justified.

title: XXXX : clinical aspects and outcome in a long-term longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['males and one female']

entities_list: @entity28772 :: ('MESH:D008069', 'Disease') :: ['MSL', 'Multiple symmetric lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy', 'somatic and autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity70741 :: ('MESH:C537837', 'Disease') :: ['benign symmetric lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous fat depots']

answer: @entity28772 :: (MESH:D008069,Disease) :: ['Multiple symmetric lipomatosis']


abstract: To investigate the effects of @entity1338 given as an anesthetic adjunct on splanchnic perfusion, we determined intramucosal gastric PCO2 using gastric tonometry in 60 @entity1 scheduled for large intestine surgery. After induction of anesthesia, @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups. @entity1 in Group 1 received an IV infusion of @entity681 (0.2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity1 in Group 2 received an IV infusion of @entity1338 (4 microg/kg in 20 min followed by 2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity1 in Group 3 received an IV infusion of @entity3652 (0.5 mg/kg followed by 0.25 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)); @entity1 in Group 4 received an epidural infusion of @entity1341 (7 mL of 0.5% followed by 5 mL/h of 0.25%). Gastric intramucosal PCO2 was assessed immediately before skin incision and every hour during surgery using a nasogastric tube. A last measurement was taken after skin closure. An arterial sample was collected simultaneously to measure arterial PCO2. @entity26 consumption (VO2/min) was continuously recorded. Gastric intramucosal PCO2 significantly increased during surgery in all groups independent of the anesthetic technique considered (P < 0.01) and was not related to metabolic changes or blood pressure variations. This increase, however, remains in the physiologic range. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that @entity1338 given as an anesthetic adjutant at the dose used has no deleterious effect on splanchnic perfusion during colonic surgery. IMPLICATIONS: IV @entity1338 given as an anesthetic adjunct at a dose of 4 microg/kg in 20 min, followed by 2 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1), has no deleterious effect on splanchnic perfusion during colonic surgery.

title: The effects of intraoperative intravenous XXXX on gastric intramucosal PCO2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: HSV can cause oral lesions that exacerbate chemotherapy-related @entity33 . Intravenous @entity1033 is effective in preventing HSV reactivations, but expensive. @entity6933 has good bioavailability and has not been studied for prophylaxis of HSV among @entity10921 @entity1 . We compared the efficacy and costs of @entity6933 in preventing HSV reactivation among HSV seropositive autologous progenitor cell transplantation (APCT) @entity1 with historical controls in whom intravenous @entity1033 or no HSV prophylaxis were used. @entity6933 group: From October 1997 to April 1999 108 adult @entity1 received @entity6933 500 mg twice daily from day -3 of APCT until @entity1398 recovery or day +30. @entity6933 was switched to intravenous @entity1033 in cases of oral intolerance (17 @entity1 ) or suspected HSV reactivation (five @entity1 ). Intravenous @entity1033 group: From January 1996 to October 1997 43 @entity1 received 5 mg/kg twice-daily intravenous @entity1033 from day -3 until recovery from @entity1398 . No prophylaxis group: 38 @entity1 from January 1996 to October 1997 did not receive HSV prophylaxis. HSV reactivations were seen in 2.7%, 2% and 45% of @entity1 in the @entity6933 , intravenous @entity1033 , and no prophylaxis groups, respectively. @entity6933 was well tolerated and was the least expensive strategy. Oral @entity6933 was as effective as intravenous @entity1033 for the prophylaxis of HSV reactivation in APCT @entity1 .

title: XXXX prophylaxis for the prevention of Herpes simplex virus reactivation in recipients of progenitor cells transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['Valacyclovir', 'valacyclovir']

answer: @entity6933 :: (MESH:C084555,Chemical) :: ['Valacyclovir']


abstract: CONTEXT: The vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) monitors vaccine safety post-licensure. Although events reported to VAERS are not necessarily causally associated with vaccination, VAERS reports can be used to identify possible safety concerns that occur at too low a rate to have been identified prior to licensure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adverse events following @entity3001 vaccination reported to VAERS during the first 19 months of the vaccine's licensure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Analysis of all VAERS reports of adverse events following vaccination for @entity3001 in the US from 28 December 1998 to 31 July 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We evaluated reported adverse events for unexpected patterns in age, gender, time to onset, dose number, and clinical characteristics and compared them to adverse events observed in clinical trials of this vaccine. RESULTS: Over 1,400,000 doses were distributed and 905 adverse events were reported to VAERS, 440 in @entity1 and 404 in @entity1 , with ages ranging from 10 to 82 years. The majority (56%) of adverse events occurred after administration of the first dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were @entity4841 (250), @entity925 (195), and @entity158 (157). There were 59 reports coded as @entity625 , 34 as @entity4040 , 9 as @entity309 , and 12 as @entity3541 . Sixty-six (7.4%) events were classified as serious, involving life-threatening illness, hospitalization, prolongation of hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or @entity204 . Twenty-two hypersensitivity reactions were reported. CONCLUSION: Based on reporting to VAERS, we did not detect unexpected or unusual patterns of reported adverse events following @entity3001 vaccine administration, other than hypersensitivity reactions, compared with adverse events observed in clinical trials.

title: Adverse event reports following vaccination for XXXX : December 1998-July 2000.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity918 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 XXXX @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity633 . A randomized cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilazapril', 'cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity918 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 and XXXX . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and XXXX on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity633 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity918 :: (MESH:D006852,Chemical) :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity918 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX and @entity633 . A randomized cross-over study.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']