abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in treatment of @entity295 and @entity881 ( @entity881 ). METHODS: A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted. The @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 admitted to Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of 70 hospitals across the country during 2006 to 2008 were enrolled. All of the @entity1 received the basis treatment of conventional therapy, plus Xuebijing injection of 50-100 mL, 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days, and the dose might be increased in serious cases. The vital signs, 24-hour urine output, Glasgow @entity772 score ( GCS ), white blood cell count ( WBC ), platelet count ( PLT ), Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), blood @entity880 ( @entity24604 ), blood @entity413 , serum @entity1011 ( SCr ), and total @entity648 ( TBil ) were observed before treatment, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment, and at the end of the treatment. The results of above mentioned parameters after the treatment were compared with that before treatment in each @entity1 . At the same time, the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions were recorded to evaluate the safety of Xuebijing injection. RESULTS: A total of 2 574 @entity1 were enrolled, and in 2 509 cases the treatment was completed in, with a drop of 65 cases. 704 cases were diagnosed to have @entity295 , 768 with severe @entity295 , and 1 037 with @entity881 . According to TCM, in 1 951 cases syndrome of stasis-toxin in the interior, and in 558 syndrome of excessive exuberance of heat-toxic in the interior were diagnosed. After the treatment of Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy, the temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, WBC, PLT, GCS, 24-hour urine output, blood @entity413 , @entity24604 , SCr, TBil, Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, as well as the symptoms, signs and @entity5773 and pulse condition, and TCM scores were significantly improved in all @entity1 as well as the @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The effective rate of all @entity1 and the @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 was 89.20% ( 2 238/2 509 ), 92.76% ( 653/704 ), 91.54% ( 703/768 ), 85.05% ( 882/1 037 ), respectively, and the 28-day survival rate was 93.90% ( 2 356/2 509 ), 98.01% ( 690/704 ), 96.35% ( 740/768 ), 89.30% ( 926/1 037 ), respectively. In 3 @entity1 with @entity881 adverse events ( 0.12% ) occurred, including 2 cases of stress ulcer and 1 case of @entity8654 . After clinical evaluation, the adverse events were found to be unrelated with the study medication, and Xuebijing injection was continued till the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy may effectively ameliorate systemic inflammatory response, protect organ function, alleviate the symptoms, improve organ functions, and elevate the clinical cure rate. Adverse events occur occasionally. Xuebijing injection is found to be safe.

title: [A prospective multicenter clinical study of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of XXXX and @entity881 ].

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['TCM tongue condition']

entities_list: @entity8654 :: ('MESH:D000219', 'Disease') :: ['Adams-Stokes syndrome']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in treatment of @entity295 and @entity881 ( @entity881 ). METHODS: A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted. The @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 admitted to Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of 70 hospitals across the country during 2006 to 2008 were enrolled. All of the @entity1 received the basis treatment of conventional therapy, plus Xuebijing injection of 50-100 mL, 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days, and the dose might be increased in serious cases. The vital signs, 24-hour urine output, Glasgow @entity772 score ( GCS ), white blood cell count ( WBC ), platelet count ( PLT ), Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), blood @entity880 ( @entity24604 ), blood @entity413 , serum @entity1011 ( SCr ), and total @entity648 ( TBil ) were observed before treatment, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment, and at the end of the treatment. The results of above mentioned parameters after the treatment were compared with that before treatment in each @entity1 . At the same time, the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions were recorded to evaluate the safety of Xuebijing injection. RESULTS: A total of 2 574 @entity1 were enrolled, and in 2 509 cases the treatment was completed in, with a drop of 65 cases. 704 cases were diagnosed to have @entity295 , 768 with severe @entity295 , and 1 037 with @entity881 . According to TCM, in 1 951 cases syndrome of stasis-toxin in the interior, and in 558 syndrome of excessive exuberance of heat-toxic in the interior were diagnosed. After the treatment of Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy, the temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, WBC, PLT, GCS, 24-hour urine output, blood @entity413 , @entity24604 , SCr, TBil, Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, as well as the symptoms, signs and @entity5773 and pulse condition, and TCM scores were significantly improved in all @entity1 as well as the @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The effective rate of all @entity1 and the @entity1 with @entity295 , severe @entity295 , or @entity881 was 89.20% ( 2 238/2 509 ), 92.76% ( 653/704 ), 91.54% ( 703/768 ), 85.05% ( 882/1 037 ), respectively, and the 28-day survival rate was 93.90% ( 2 356/2 509 ), 98.01% ( 690/704 ), 96.35% ( 740/768 ), 89.30% ( 926/1 037 ), respectively. In 3 @entity1 with @entity881 adverse events ( 0.12% ) occurred, including 2 cases of stress ulcer and 1 case of @entity8654 . After clinical evaluation, the adverse events were found to be unrelated with the study medication, and Xuebijing injection was continued till the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy may effectively ameliorate systemic inflammatory response, protect organ function, alleviate the symptoms, improve organ functions, and elevate the clinical cure rate. Adverse events occur occasionally. Xuebijing injection is found to be safe.

title: [A prospective multicenter clinical study of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of @entity295 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Achilles @entity924 is a localized degenerative @entity85 that develops over a long period of time and leads to a compliant @entity1 Achilles tendon. We demonstrate that the compliant Achilles tendon elicited a series of adaptations from different levels of the @entity1 movement control system, such as the muscle-tendon interaction, CNS control and other muscles in the lower leg. These results illustrate the @entity1 body's capacity to adapt to tendon pathology and provide the physiological basis for intervention or prevention strategies. ABSTRACT: @entity1 movement is initiated, controlled and executed in a hierarchical system including the nervous system, muscle and tendon. If a component in the loop loses its integrity, the entire system has to adapt to that deficiency. Achilles tendon, when degenerated, exhibits lower stiffness. This local mechanical deficit may be compensated for by an alteration of motor commands from the CNS. These modulations in motor commands from the CNS may lead to altered activation of the agonist, synergist and antagonist muscles. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity528 on its mechanical properties, the neuromechanical behaviour of the surrounding musculature and the existence of the CNS modulation accompanying @entity924 . We hypothesize that the degenerated tendon will lead to diminished tissue mechanical properties and protective muscle activation patterns, as well as an up-regulated descending drive from the CNS. Strong evidence, as reported in the present study, indicates that tendinotic tendons are more compliant compared to healthy tendons. This unilateral involvement affected the neuromuscular control on the involved side but not the non-involved side. The muscle-tendon unit on the tendinotic side exhibits a lowered temporal efficiency, which leads to altered CNS control. The altered CNS control is then expressed as an adapted muscle activation pattern in the lower leg. Taken together, the findings of the present study illustrate the co-ordinated multi-level adaptations to a mechanical lesion in a tendon caused by pathology.

title: The neuromechanical adaptations to Achilles XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['tendon degeneration']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interdigitating @entity8790 is an extremely rare @entity5 . The diagnosis is difficult and is based on clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Differential diagnosis includes @entity320 , mesenchymal and @entity1583 . The mainstay of treatment is surgery for limited disease and different chemotherapy combinations have been tested for advanced disease. No evidence from prospective trials is currently available. We report the case of a 59  year-old male @entity1 who experienced axillary lymphadenopathy with initial diagnosis of large-cell lung cancer on tumor biopsy. He underwent surgical resection with radical intent. Pathological diagnosis of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma was obtained on surgical samples. Nine months after radical surgery, he experienced systemic recurrence of disease and underwent chemotherapy with @entity1259 and @entity1260 for 4 courses. During chemotherapy, he developed brain disease progression and underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. Systemic progression was then observed and molecular characterization was performed. @entity817 evaluation resulted positive for @entity8554 mutation and the @entity1 was treated with @entity5457 according to molecular findings. He thus obtained initial clinical benefit but eventually died of brain hemorrhage. In conclusion, we report a case of @entity817 mutation detected in an interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma @entity1 treated with targeted therapy. @entity817 pathway could have a role in pathogenesis and evolution of this rare disease and could open new perspectives of treatment.

title: @entity817 mutation in interdigitating XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity8790 :: ('MESH:D054740', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['Vemurafenib']

answer: @entity8790 :: (MESH:D054740,Disease) :: ['dendritic cell sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interdigitating @entity8790 is an extremely rare @entity5 . The diagnosis is difficult and is based on clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Differential diagnosis includes @entity320 , mesenchymal and @entity1583 . The mainstay of treatment is surgery for limited disease and different chemotherapy combinations have been tested for advanced disease. No evidence from prospective trials is currently available. We report the case of a 59  year-old male @entity1 who experienced axillary lymphadenopathy with initial diagnosis of large-cell lung cancer on tumor biopsy. He underwent surgical resection with radical intent. Pathological diagnosis of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma was obtained on surgical samples. Nine months after radical surgery, he experienced systemic recurrence of disease and underwent chemotherapy with @entity1259 and @entity1260 for 4 courses. During chemotherapy, he developed brain disease progression and underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. Systemic progression was then observed and molecular characterization was performed. @entity817 evaluation resulted positive for @entity8554 mutation and the @entity1 was treated with @entity5457 according to molecular findings. He thus obtained initial clinical benefit but eventually died of brain hemorrhage. In conclusion, we report a case of @entity817 mutation detected in an interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma @entity1 treated with targeted therapy. @entity817 pathway could have a role in pathogenesis and evolution of this rare disease and could open new perspectives of treatment.

title: XXXX mutation in interdigitating @entity8790 : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['Braf']


abstract: Cyclin dependent kinases (cdks) and cyclins regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle and can be overexpressed in @entity1 @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of these proliferation-associated proteins and correlate the results with clinicopathologic parameters of @entity1204 . Archival tissue sections from 91 @entity1204 were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies against @entity10610 cdk, @entity54232 , @entity8780 , Ki-67, and @entity1364 . Immunoreactivity was semiquantitatively assessed and the results correlated with pathologic features and survival. Of the 91 @entity1204 , 74 were endometrioid (17 villoglandular, 57 of usual type) and 17 were @entity1377 . The positivity rates for the different proteins in papillary serous and endometrioid @entity5 , respectively, were as follows: @entity10610 , 24% and 23%; @entity7596 , 71% and 64%; @entity8189 , 24% and 26%; @entity8780 , 47% and 9%; Ki-67, 82% and 64%; and @entity1364 , 47% and 47%. Only @entity8780 correlated with histologic @entity5 type with significantly higher expression in both @entity1377 compared to nonvilloglandular @entity4348 (p = 0.0001). @entity8780 positivity also correlated with advanced @entity5 stage (p = 0.0001). Ki-67, @entity7596 , and @entity1364 correlated with @entity1 survival in @entity4348 on univariate analysis (p = 0.01, 0.02, and 0.003, respectively), but, on multivariate analysis, only @entity5 grade (p = 0.02) and depth of invasion (p = 0.04) were independent predictors of outcome. In summary, although most of the cell proliferation-associated proteins studied did not appear to be associated with clinicopathologic features of @entity1204 , there was significantly higher expression of @entity8780 in @entity1377 compared to nonvilloglandular @entity4348 , suggesting a possible role of @entity8780 in @entity5 behavior. In addition, Ki-67, @entity7596 , and @entity1364 expression correlated with survival in @entity4348 , but only in a univariate analysis.

title: Cell proliferation-associated proteins in XXXX , including papillary serous and endometrioid subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinomas', 'papillary serous and villoglandular endometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: The occurrence of episodes of getting lost was examined in 104 subjects with @entity303 who were assessed every 4 months over 5 years. All subjects were initially living at home with a caregiver who could give good information. Forty-three subjects needed to be brought back home at least once. Five subjects repeatedly got lost. Forty-six subjects were kept behind locked doors at some point. Subjects who got lost were more likely to become permanently resident in institutions (odds ratio = 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 3.0 to 17.8). @entity1 who performed better on a behavioral test of topographical memory were less likely to get lost over the subsequent 5 years (negative predictive value: 90%). The risk of @entity1 with @entity303 getting lost is substantial and requires frequent intervention by caregivers. This risk is a major reason for institutionalization. A simple test may help in assessing the risk of getting lost in @entity1 with @entity303 .

title: Getting lost in XXXX : a longitudinal study of a behavioral symptom.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to clarify the clinicopathological factors influencing appropriate surgical strategy and survival in @entity1 with @entity189 of the hepatic duct confluence. METHODS: A total of 66 @entity1 who underwent local resection of the bile duct with (n = 44) and without (n = 22) hepatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 44 @entity1 who had hepatectomy and two of the 22 who did not suffered major @entity260 (P < 0.05). As the pT category rose, the incidence of microscopic @entity5 extension increased significantly. Invasion at the surgical margins was more frequent in the @entity1 who did not have hepatectomy than in those who did. Extramural @entity5 extension was found in 23 of 28 @entity1 , and its prevalence was higher in the hepatic direction than the duodenal direction. Cancer invasion to the caudate lobe was found in nine of 21 @entity1 . Thirty of 44 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy had a curative resection compared with six of 22 who did not have hepatectomy (P < 0.01). The cumulative survival rates after curative resection were significantly higher than after non-curative resection (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy improves the curability and prognosis because these @entity5 frequently invade the surgical margins. However, operative morbidity is higher with this procedure.

title: Surgical strategies for XXXX of the hepatic duct confluence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The health of primary sensory afferents supplying muscle has to be a first consideration in assessing deficits in proprioception and related motor functions. Here we discuss the role of a particular proprioceptor, the IA muscle spindle proprioceptor in causing @entity717 in response to either regeneration of a sectioned peripheral nerve or damage from @entity2359 chemotherapy. For each condition, there is a single preferred and widely repeated explanation for disability of movements associated with proprioceptive function. We present a mix of published and preliminary findings from our laboratory, largely from in  vivo electrophysiological study of treated @entity35 to demonstrate newly discovered IA afferent defects that seem likely to make important contributions to @entity717 . First, we argue that reconnection of regenerated IA afferents with inappropriate targets, although often repeated as the reason for lost stretch-reflex contraction, is not a complete explanation. We present evidence that despite successful recovery of stretch-evoked sensory signaling, peripherally regenerated IA afferents retract synapses made with motoneurons in the spinal cord. Second, we point to evidence that @entity717 suffered by @entity1 subjects months after discontinuation of @entity901 (OX) chemotherapy for some is not accompanied by @entity1897 , which is the acknowledged primary cause of disability. Our studies of OX-treated @entity35 suggest a novel additional explanation in showing the loss of sustained repetitive firing of IA afferents during static muscle stretch. Newly extended investigation reproduces this effect in normal @entity35 with drugs that block @entity4024 channels apparently involved in encoding static IA afferent firing. Overall, these findings highlight multiplicity in IA afferent deficits that must be taken into account in understanding proprioceptive disability, and that present new avenues and possible advantages for developing effective treatment. Extending the study of IA afferent deficits yielded the additional benefit of elucidating normal processes in IA afferent mechanosensory function.

title: Complex impairment of IA muscle proprioceptors following traumatic or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'movement disability']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe impairment of the major respiratory muscles resulting from @entity1688 reduces respiratory function, causing many @entity1 with @entity1688 to require mechanical ventilation during the acute stage of injury. Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation (AFES) can improve respiratory function in non-ventilated @entity1 with sub-acute and chronic @entity1688 . The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical feasibility of using an AFES training program to improve respiratory function and assist ventilator weaning in acute @entity1688 . METHODS: AFES was applied for between 20 and 40 minutes per day, five times per week on four alternate weeks, with 10 acute ventilator dependent tetraplegic @entity1 . Each @entity1 was matched retrospectively with a ventilator dependent tetraplegic control, based on injury level, age and sex. Tidal Volume (VT) and Vital Capacity (VC) were measured weekly, with weaning progress compared to the controls. RESULTS: Compliance to training sessions was 96.7%. Stimulated VT was significantly greater than unstimulated VT. VT and VC increased throughout the study, with mean VC increasing significantly (VT: 6.2 mL/kg to 7.8 mL/kg VC: 12.6 mL/kg to 18.7 mL/kg). Intervention @entity1 weaned from mechanical ventilation on average 11 (sd:    23) days faster than their matched controls. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that AFES is a clinically feasible technique for acute ventilator dependent tetraplegic @entity1 and that this intervention may improve respiratory function and enable faster weaning from mechanical ventilation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200393.

title: Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation to Assist Ventilator Weaning in Acute XXXX : A Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['Tetraplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is widely accepted as a treatment for advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, published studies were conducted mainly in Western centers and recruited small numbers of @entity1 . This study presents 1-year outcomes in Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive @entity1 underwent STN-DBS surgery during a 7-year period. Their median drug-off Hoehn and Yahr stage was 3 and mean illness history was 8 years. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the change in drug-off/DBS-on Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores relative to presurgical drug-off baseline and change in daily @entity3034 -equivalent dose (LED). RESULTS: After 1 year of DBS therapy, @entity1 showed significant improvements with a clinically high effect size in cardinal signs, particularly in @entity400 (63%). Posture instability was also improved, whereas @entity409 was hardly corrected. The LED need was significantly reduced, therefore preoperative drug-induced complications were prominently (51%) ameliorated after surgery and drug-induced @entity910 was remarkably (63%) diminished. No serious adverse effects were encountered after surgery. Overall, motor functions declined by 15% within 1 year in drug-off state. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral STN-DBS therapy provided effective and sustained benefits to Eastern @entity1 with @entity191 over a 1-year period.

title: One-year Outcome of Bilateral Subthalamic Stimulation in XXXX : An Eastern Experience.

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['speech dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adolescents with @entity1118 frequently perceive a lack of support from friends. Support from a peer with a shared experience has been found to provide emotional, informational, and appraisal support. We sought to quantify the frequency with which adolescents with @entity1118 want to befriend other adolescents with @entity1118 , and to describe the features of these friendships. Adolescents with @entity1118 who had attended a 10-week structured self-management program from 3 sites were invited to complete an online survey. Forty teens participated, 95% (n = 38) were @entity1 ; 32% (n = 13) befriended another; 52% (n = 21) were interested in befriending another but did not; 15% (n = 6) were not interested in befriending anyone. Over half (62%) of the friendships lasted at least 1 year (n = 8), but only 2 intermingled these with their regular friendships. @entity158 was discussed frequently during interactions. The most common reasons for not forming friendships were no time to exchange contact information during group and not having things in common. Reasons for not being interested in forming a friendship also included not having anything in common apart from @entity158 . The majority of @entity1 were interested in befriending another. Emotional support, by feeling understood and discussing @entity158 without fear that the other is disinterested, was the main peer support provided. Without common interests, this form of friendship may not last and is at risk for being overly solicitous by focusing on @entity158 . It remains unclear whether the benefits of peer support translate into improved function.

title: To Befriend or Not: Naturally Developing Friendships Amongst a Clinical Group of Adolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: Alterations in telomere dynamics have emerged as having a causative role in @entity105 . Both the telomere attrition contribute to @entity5 initiation via increasing chromosomal instability and that the telomere elongation induces cell immortalization and leads to @entity5 progression. The objectives of this study are to investigate the dynamics of telomere length in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and the clinicopathological parameters implicated. We measured the relative telomere length (RTL) in cancerous tissues and in corresponding peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) from 94 @entity1 with @entity14 . Telomere length correlated significantly in @entity5 tissues and corresponding PBL (r   =   0.705). Overall, @entity5 tissue had shorter telomeres than PBL (p   =   0.033). In both @entity5 tissue and PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with age groups (p   =   0.008 and p   =   0.012, respectively). The RTL in @entity5 tissue was significantly longer in @entity5 (p   =   0.04) and in the late stage of @entity5 (p   =   0.01). In PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with the macroscopic aspect of @entity5 (p   =   0.02). In addition, the telomere-length ratio of @entity5 to corresponding PBL increased significantly with late-stage groups. Shortening of the telomere was detected in 44.7  %, elongation in 36.2  %, and telomeres were unchanged in 19.1  % of 94 @entity5 . Telomere @entity3207 occurred more frequently in the early stage of @entity5 (p   =   0.01). This study suggests that the telomere length in PBL is affected by the macroscopic aspect of @entity5 and that telomere length in @entity5 tissues is a marker for progression of @entity14 and depends on @entity5 -origin site.

title: The relationship between telomere length and clinicopathologic characteristics in XXXX among Tunisian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: Alterations in telomere dynamics have emerged as having a causative role in @entity105 . Both the telomere attrition contribute to @entity5 initiation via increasing chromosomal instability and that the telomere elongation induces cell immortalization and leads to @entity5 progression. The objectives of this study are to investigate the dynamics of telomere length in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and the clinicopathological parameters implicated. We measured the relative telomere length (RTL) in cancerous tissues and in corresponding peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) from 94 @entity1 with @entity14 . Telomere length correlated significantly in @entity5 tissues and corresponding PBL (r   =   0.705). Overall, @entity5 tissue had shorter telomeres than PBL (p   =   0.033). In both @entity5 tissue and PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with age groups (p   =   0.008 and p   =   0.012, respectively). The RTL in @entity5 tissue was significantly longer in @entity5 (p   =   0.04) and in the late stage of @entity5 (p   =   0.01). In PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with the macroscopic aspect of @entity5 (p   =   0.02). In addition, the telomere-length ratio of @entity5 to corresponding PBL increased significantly with late-stage groups. Shortening of the telomere was detected in 44.7  %, elongation in 36.2  %, and telomeres were unchanged in 19.1  % of 94 @entity5 . Telomere @entity3207 occurred more frequently in the early stage of @entity5 (p   =   0.01). This study suggests that the telomere length in PBL is affected by the macroscopic aspect of @entity5 and that telomere length in @entity5 tissues is a marker for progression of @entity14 and depends on @entity5 -origin site.

title: The relationship between telomere length and clinicopathologic characteristics in @entity14 among Tunisian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to monitor the effects of endovascular graft implantation on a @entity235 model of @entity449 . @entity439 were created in 10 @entity235 by fascial patch angioplasty of the infrarenal aorta. In five @entity235 , @entity439 creation was immediately followed by insertion of an endovascular graft. Central aortic and @entity439 sac pressures were then measured by needle puncture. The remaining five @entity235 were left untreated, as controls. Angiography was performed after @entity439 creation, after endovascular graft implantation, and at 1 month and 3 months. Following insertion of an endovascular graft, mean (s.d.) systolic pressure was lower in the @entity439 sac (82.9 (20.20) mmHg) than in the adjacent aorta (113.4 (25.9) mmHg; P < 0.002) in all the treatment group. The effects on diastolic pressure and mean pressure were less pronounced. @entity439 size was increased in all controls (25.2 (9.55)%) and decreased in all of the treated group (22.5 (11.7)%; P < 0.001). In conclusion this model of @entity449 has two important characteristics' it has multiple collateral branches, and it grows. Insertion of an endovascular graft was associated with a reduction in @entity439 sac pressure, reduced @entity439 growth, and @entity82 of the space between the @entity439 sac and the graft.

title: XXXX model of abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by endovascular graft implantation.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Primary care nurses are very likely to provide a substantial part of the routine care for @entity1 with @entity303 . In order to examine the knowledge and attitudes of the primary care nurses who undertake the Over-75 Check, towards assessing and managing @entity1 with symptoms of @entity303 , and to assess their level of support for a clinical practice guideline, a postal questionnaire survey was undertaken of primary care nurses responsible for the Over-75 Check in 209 general practices in Gloucester, Avon and Somerset. The questionnaire ascertained some demographic information about the nurses, their training and the practice routine for the Over-75 Check. It also included a case vignette describing a typical presentation of @entity303 at an Over-75 Check. A 65% response rate was achieved. Only one-fifth of respondents ever used formal validated cognitive tests as part of the Over-75 Check. In response to the vignette, nearly 10% took no action at all and a further 25% simply referred the @entity1 on. Amongst the remainder there was considerable variation regarding the tasks considered to be within their remit. The respondents strongly supported the introduction of guidelines. Given the variation in professional responsibilities between practices, it is proposed that a clinical practice guideline covering diagnosis, assessment and management of @entity303 should address the practice as a whole rather than be targeted to specific professionals. The guideline should prompt professionals carrying out an Over-75 Check to recognize symptoms of @entity303 and raise awareness of the range of tasks which need to be undertaken in confirming diagnosis, assessing needs and managing @entity1 . Results from this study suggest that improved training and increased autonomy for primary care nurses would improve access to services for these @entity1 and their carers.

title: XXXX and the Over-75 Check: the role of the primary care nurse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: A 15 year-old adolescent @entity1 with a severe treatment refractory @entity162 type I, most recent episode @entity162 , severe with @entity716 features had previously required hospitalizations and treatment with @entity1091 and/or @entity2049 and high doses of standard neuroleptics without any response. A treatment with a combined @entity1088 - @entity1091 therapy was progressively started in a hospital setting ( @entity1088 300 mg/day; @entity1091 1350 mg/day). After 15 days a dramatic improvement in mood and @entity716 symptoms was evident. After four weeks there was 50% improvement on the BPRS (from 74 to 37). The mean CGAS score changed from 25 to 72. At the CGI-Severity of Illness subscale, a 57% decrease was evident; at the CGI-Global Improvement subscale there was a 75% increase. The only significant side effects were sedation and fatigue, but they were not so severe as to induce a reduction of dosage. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital after three weeks and successfully returned to school with no modifications in treatment. After a nine-month treatment there was no reoccurrence of @entity716 or @entity162 . The implications of pharmacological therapy in treatment refractory @entity162 episodes with @entity716 features are discussed.

title: @entity1088 treatment in an adolescent with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: A 15 year-old adolescent @entity1 with a severe treatment refractory @entity162 type I, most recent episode @entity162 , severe with @entity716 features had previously required hospitalizations and treatment with @entity1091 and/or @entity2049 and high doses of standard neuroleptics without any response. A treatment with a combined @entity1088 - @entity1091 therapy was progressively started in a hospital setting ( @entity1088 300 mg/day; @entity1091 1350 mg/day). After 15 days a dramatic improvement in mood and @entity716 symptoms was evident. After four weeks there was 50% improvement on the BPRS (from 74 to 37). The mean CGAS score changed from 25 to 72. At the CGI-Severity of Illness subscale, a 57% decrease was evident; at the CGI-Global Improvement subscale there was a 75% increase. The only significant side effects were sedation and fatigue, but they were not so severe as to induce a reduction of dosage. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital after three weeks and successfully returned to school with no modifications in treatment. After a nine-month treatment there was no reoccurrence of @entity716 or @entity162 . The implications of pharmacological therapy in treatment refractory @entity162 episodes with @entity716 features are discussed.

title: XXXX treatment in an adolescent with @entity162 .

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studying the biology of the @entity1 placenta represents a major experimental challenge. Although conventional cell culture techniques have been used to study different types of placenta-derived cells, current in vitro models have limitations in recapitulating organ-specific structure and key physiological functions of the placenta. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to leverage microfluidic and microfabrication technologies to develop a microengineered biomimetic model that replicates the architecture and function of the placenta. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A "Placenta-on-a-Chip" microdevice was created by using a set of soft elastomer-based microfabrication techniques known as soft lithography. This microsystem consisted of two @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) microfluidic channels separated by a thin extracellular matrix (ECM) membrane. To reproduce the placental barrier in this model, @entity1 trophoblasts (JEG-3) and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded onto the opposite sides of the ECM membrane and cultured under dynamic flow conditions to form confluent epithelial and endothelial layers in close apposition. We tested the physiological function of the microengineered placental barrier by measuring @entity413 transport across the trophoblast-endothelial interface over time. The permeability of the barrier study was analyzed and compared to that obtained from acellular devices and additional control groups that contained epithelial or endothelial layers alone. RESULTS: Our microfluidic cell culture system provided a tightly controlled fluidic environment conducive to the proliferation and maintenance of JEG-3 trophoblasts and HUVECs on the ECM scaffold. Prolonged culture in this model produced confluent cellular monolayers on the intervening membrane that together formed the placental barrier. This in vivo-like microarchitecture was also critical for creating a physiologically relevant effective barrier to @entity413 transport. Quantitative investigation of barrier function was conducted by calculating permeability coefficients and metabolic rates in varying conditions of barrier structure. The rates of @entity413 transport and metabolism were consistent with previously reported in vivo observations. CONCLUSION: The "Placenta-on-a-Chip" microdevice described herein provides new opportunities to simulate and analyze critical physiological responses of the placental barrier. This system may be used to address the major limitations of existing placenta model systems and serve to enable research platforms for reproductive biology and medicine.

title: Placenta-on-a-chip: a novel platform to study the biology of the XXXX placenta.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect on ultrasound (US) time and energy of using flared phacoemulsification @entity3455 in @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Private referral practice of Pacific Cataract _ Laser Institute, Chehalis, Washington, USA. METHODS: One surgeon using the Allergan Medical Optics Diplomate phacoemulsification machine performed @entity231 surgery by a single divide-and-conquer technique. A prospective nonmasked consecutive study group (n = 262) was selected from @entity1 operated on with phaco @entity3455 flared by 25%. A consecutive control group (n = 440) was selected from @entity1 having surgery using the same technique except for the use of straight phaco @entity3455 . The study group had @entity231 surgery over a 5 week period and the control group, over an earlier 10 week period. Two weeks separated the groups. Cases complicated by @entity393 were eliminated. The 2 groups were compared by age, sex, @entity348 ( @entity348 , the total time ultrasound energy was applied), and equivalent phaco time (EPT, the product of the phaco time elapsed and the phaco energy). RESULTS: One @entity1 in each group was eliminated for @entity393 during surgery. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or eye between the 2 groups. The study group had a mean @entity348 of 29.2 seconds +/- 11.7 (SD) (range 0 to 88 seconds) and a mean EPT of 16.4 +/- 8.6 seconds (range 0 to 67 seconds). The control group had a mean @entity348 of 34.4 +/- 16.1 seconds (range 0 to 130 seconds) (P <.001) and a mean EPT of 20.0 +/- 12.8 seconds (range 0 to 107 seconds) (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Flared ultrasonic phacoemulsification @entity3455 significantly reduced the US time and energy used in @entity231 surgery.

title: Flared phacoemulsification XXXX to decrease ultrasound time and energy in @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total phaco time', 'TPT']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity3455 :: (MESH:D060725,Disease) :: ['tips']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effect on ultrasound (US) time and energy of using flared phacoemulsification @entity3455 in @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Private referral practice of Pacific Cataract _ Laser Institute, Chehalis, Washington, USA. METHODS: One surgeon using the Allergan Medical Optics Diplomate phacoemulsification machine performed @entity231 surgery by a single divide-and-conquer technique. A prospective nonmasked consecutive study group (n = 262) was selected from @entity1 operated on with phaco @entity3455 flared by 25%. A consecutive control group (n = 440) was selected from @entity1 having surgery using the same technique except for the use of straight phaco @entity3455 . The study group had @entity231 surgery over a 5 week period and the control group, over an earlier 10 week period. Two weeks separated the groups. Cases complicated by @entity393 were eliminated. The 2 groups were compared by age, sex, @entity348 ( @entity348 , the total time ultrasound energy was applied), and equivalent phaco time (EPT, the product of the phaco time elapsed and the phaco energy). RESULTS: One @entity1 in each group was eliminated for @entity393 during surgery. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or eye between the 2 groups. The study group had a mean @entity348 of 29.2 seconds +/- 11.7 (SD) (range 0 to 88 seconds) and a mean EPT of 16.4 +/- 8.6 seconds (range 0 to 67 seconds). The control group had a mean @entity348 of 34.4 +/- 16.1 seconds (range 0 to 130 seconds) (P <.001) and a mean EPT of 20.0 +/- 12.8 seconds (range 0 to 107 seconds) (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Flared ultrasonic phacoemulsification @entity3455 significantly reduced the US time and energy used in @entity231 surgery.

title: Flared phacoemulsification @entity3455 to decrease ultrasound time and energy in XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute complicated type B @entity1580 ( @entity1580 ) promotes early positive aortic remodeling. However, little is known about the long-term effect of TEVAR on the dissected aorta, which is the goal of this study. METHODS: Between August 2005 and August 2009, 31 @entity1 with complicated type B @entity1580 were treated with TEVAR and had >1-year follow-up imaging. Computed tomography angiograms obtained at 1  month, 1  year, and long term (average, 42  months) were compared with baseline scans. The largest diameters of the stented thoracic aorta, stented true lumen, and stented false lumen were recorded at each time point, as were the values in the unstented distal thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. Changes over time were evaluated by a mixed effect analysis of variance model of repeated measures. RESULTS: The average age of the cohort was 56  years, and 74% were male. Indications for TEVAR were as follows: 61% malperfusion, 32% refractory @entity101 , 45% impending rupture, and 32% persistent @entity158 ; 58% had more than one indication. All @entity1 were treated in the acute phase within 7  days of the initial presentation. The average length of aorta covered was 19  cm. Observation of the stented segment over time showed that the maximum diameter of the stented thoracic aorta was stable (P  = NS), the diameter of the stented true lumen increased (P  < .001), and the diameter of the stented false lumen decreased (P  < .001); 84% had complete false lumen obliteration across the stented aortic segment. Observation of the uncovered thoracic aorta over time showed that the maximum diameter increased (P  = .014), as did the visceral segment of the aorta (P  < .001). The average growth of the visceral segment was 31% in @entity1 with a patent false lumen vs 3% in those with a thrombosed false lumen (P  = .004). One @entity1 had @entity2849 and required an additional endograft at 18  months. CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR of acute @entity1580 promotes long-term remodeling across the stented segment, with false lumen obliteration in 84% of @entity1 . However, false lumen obliteration beyond the stented segment appears necessary to prevent late @entity439 .

title: Late aortic remodeling persists in the stented segment after endovascular repair of acute complicated type B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal degeneration of the distal aorta']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal degeneration of the false lumen']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extracapsular spread of disease in modal @entity3 of head and @entity135 is an important prognostic factor. However, the implications of the degree of capsular involvement are rarely mentioned. This is a prospective study which intends to investigate the role of transcapsular spread in metastatic lymph nodes on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity189 . METHODS: This is a prospective study of 170 consecutive cases of previously untreated @entity1 with @entity957 or the hypopharynx treated from January 1981 through January 1988 at the Head and Neck Service of the Heli  polis Hospital Complex, S  o Paulo, Brazil. In an attempt to understand better the influence of the extension of capsular lymph node involvement on recurrence and actuarial survival rates, the Kaplan-Meier method and Mantel-Cox test were used. RESULTS: The nodal cervical relapse was associated only to a macroscopic transcapsular spread (confidence interval, 1.7-7.0). When the @entity189 was confined to the lymph node or only a microscopic transcapsular spread was present, no statistically significant differences were found in recurrence or in @entity204 rates. The 5-year global and disease-free actuarial survival rates were, respectively, 52.0% and 56.8% for cases without @entity3 and 5.8% and 10.2% when macroscopic transcapsular spread was present (p < .0001). The capsular @entity397 was the most important independent prognostic factor associated with the N categories of the @entity2802 clinical classification and with metastatic lymph node diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The risks of recurrence and @entity204 are higher when there is macroscopic extracapsular extension. When the @entity5 is confined to the lymph node or shows a microscopic invasion beyond the capsule, there are no statistically significant differences in risk rates. The risk of capsular @entity397 is related to the N category of the classification @entity2802 and the diameter of the metastatic lymph node, from 3 cm and larger.

title: Quantitative analysis of the extent of extracapsular invasion and its prognostic significance: a prospective study of 170 cases of XXXX and hypopharynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the larynx']


abstract: AIMS: Highly structured, intensive behavioral lifestyle interventions have been shown to be efficacious in research settings for @entity164 2 @entity6 management and @entity353 . We sought to evaluate the benefit of participation in more limited counseling and/or education among individuals with newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 in more modest real-world clinical settings. METHODS: Electronic Health Records of newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 age 35-74 from a large ambulatory group practice were analyzed (n = 1,314). We examined participation in clinic-based lifestyle counseling/education and subsequent @entity353 . RESULTS: Of the total cohort, 599 (45.6%) @entity1 received counseling/education with (26.2%) and without (19.4%) medication, 298(22.7%) @entity1 received a prescription for medication alone, and 417(31.7%) @entity1 were only monitored. On average, those who participated in counseling/education attended 2.5 sessions (approximately 2-3 hours). The average @entity353 of @entity1 who received counseling/education alone during the follow-up period (up to three years post-exposure to participation) was 6.3 lbs. (3.3% of body weight), and, if received with medication prescription, 8.1lbs. (4.0% of body weight) (all at P<0.001). The @entity353 associated with medication was only 3.5 lbs. (P<0.001). No significant weight change was observed in the monitoring only group. CONCLUSIONS: While efforts to improve both the short-term and long-term effectiveness of behavioral lifestyle interventions in real-world settings are ongoing, it is important for clinicians to continue to utilize less intensive, existing resources. Even relatively small "doses" of health education may help in promoting @entity353 and may potentially reduce cardiometabolic risk.

title: Impact of Education on Weight in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 XXXX : Every Little Bit Helps.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to clarify the clinical significance of @entity2355 expression in the endoscopic treatment of @entity14 with @entity3 . METHODS: One hundred eighty-four @entity14 with @entity3 were examined. The depth of @entity3 was classified as scanty or massive. The histologic subclassification at the deepest invasive portion was defined as well-differentiated, moderately well-differentiated, moderately to poorly differentiated, poorly differentiated, or @entity3079 . @entity2355 expression was examined immunohistochemically at the deepest invasive portion. In addition, the Ki67 labeling index was also examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 were detected in 28 (15.2 percent) of 184 lesions. Lesions with both scanty @entity3 and well-differentiated or moderately well-differentiated @entity420 had no lymph node @entity3 . @entity2355 expression was detected in 88 (47.8 percent) of 184 lesions and correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node @entity3 . The Ki67 labeling index also correlated significantly with lymph node @entity3 . Furthermore, lesions with both @entity2355 -negative and low Ki67 labeling index showed no lymph node @entity3 , even in lesions with @entity3 . Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity2355 expression was one of the most important risk factors for lymph node @entity3 and histologic grade among the clinicopathologic factors usually examined. CONCLUSION: @entity2355 expression is one of the accurate predictors of the presence of lymph node @entity3 among the clinicopathologic factors commonly used. Combined analysis of @entity2355 expression and Ki67 labeling index may be a useful indicator of lymph node @entity3 and may broaden the indications for the curative endoscopic treatment of @entity189 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX expression as a predictor of the curative endoscopic treatment of submucosally invasive @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'submucosal invasion', 'massive submucosal invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2355 :: (4582,Gene) :: ['MUC-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to clarify the clinical significance of @entity2355 expression in the endoscopic treatment of @entity14 with @entity3 . METHODS: One hundred eighty-four @entity14 with @entity3 were examined. The depth of @entity3 was classified as scanty or massive. The histologic subclassification at the deepest invasive portion was defined as well-differentiated, moderately well-differentiated, moderately to poorly differentiated, poorly differentiated, or @entity3079 . @entity2355 expression was examined immunohistochemically at the deepest invasive portion. In addition, the Ki67 labeling index was also examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 were detected in 28 (15.2 percent) of 184 lesions. Lesions with both scanty @entity3 and well-differentiated or moderately well-differentiated @entity420 had no lymph node @entity3 . @entity2355 expression was detected in 88 (47.8 percent) of 184 lesions and correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node @entity3 . The Ki67 labeling index also correlated significantly with lymph node @entity3 . Furthermore, lesions with both @entity2355 -negative and low Ki67 labeling index showed no lymph node @entity3 , even in lesions with @entity3 . Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity2355 expression was one of the most important risk factors for lymph node @entity3 and histologic grade among the clinicopathologic factors usually examined. CONCLUSION: @entity2355 expression is one of the accurate predictors of the presence of lymph node @entity3 among the clinicopathologic factors commonly used. Combined analysis of @entity2355 expression and Ki67 labeling index may be a useful indicator of lymph node @entity3 and may broaden the indications for the curative endoscopic treatment of @entity189 with @entity3 .

title: @entity2355 expression as a predictor of the curative endoscopic treatment of submucosally invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors describe the case of a 51-year-old @entity1 with bilateral @entity7025 and prior @entity64 who developed an asystolic @entity1167 while undergoing revascularization surgery under mild @entity2332 . The @entity1 was successfully treated with venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was unsuccessful for 45 minutes. ECMO is a cardiopulmonary support system that is indicated for @entity1576 in pediatric and adult @entity1 . It is increasingly being used as an extension to mechanical CPR for @entity1 who have suffered @entity1167 if the underlying cause of @entity1167 is thought to be reversible. Identifying which @entity1 should be placed on emergency ECMO after @entity1167 is controversial given its high morbidity and mortality. ECMO in neurosurgical settings has associated risks of @entity932 and neurological compromise, while resource utilization is paramount given the high costs of this treatment. This paper is significant because it describes the use of ECMO in an unindicated setting. Limited data are available for ECMO usage after @entity1167 with baseline @entity2806 . Furthermore, this paper raises important considerations for extracorporeal CPR use in a @entity1 who had recently undergone craniotomy. The @entity1 in this report remained on ECMO for 48 hours, after which he was successfully weaned. He developed a @entity2294 and compartment syndrome from the ECMO but made a complete neurological recovery. Use of ECMO emergently in an appropriately chosen neurosurgical @entity1 is safe, even in the setting of baseline @entity2806 and recent craniotomy.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for XXXX during moyamoya cerebral revascularization surgery: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity34 treated at a regional @entity5 center was performed to assess the long term efficacy and @entity137 associated with post operative radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1950 and 1995, 212 @entity1 seen at the London Regional Cancer Centre received adjuvant radiotherapy following orchiectomy for Stage I (169) and II (43) @entity4797 . Median follow-up for the group was 7.5 years. RESULTS: Progression free, cause specific, and overall survival were 95%, 98%, and 95% at 5 years, and 94%, 98%, and 94% at 10 years respectively. An increased risk of failure was noted among @entity1 with bulky @entity34 . No other prognostic factors for relapse were identified. Late @entity137 was uncommon with only 12/212 (6%) developing any late @entity137 potentially attributable to radiotherapy. The incidence of second @entity5 (excluding second @entity5 ) was 6/212 (actuarial:1%, 1%, 6% at 5,10,15 years respectively). There was a trend toward increased acute complications for @entity1 treated with larger volumes of radiation. No prognostic factors associated with increased risk of late @entity137 or second @entity5 were identified, likely a consequence of the small number of these events. CONCLUSION: Survival and @entity137 were comparable to that reported in the literature. Post-operative radiotherapy remains a safe and efficacious adjuvant treatment for Stage I and early @entity34 .

title: Postoperative radiotherapy for XXXX : results for 212 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'testicular tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II seminoma', 'Stage I and II seminoma', 'Stage II disease']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['Stage I/II seminoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity34 treated at a regional @entity5 center was performed to assess the long term efficacy and @entity137 associated with post operative radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1950 and 1995, 212 @entity1 seen at the London Regional Cancer Centre received adjuvant radiotherapy following orchiectomy for Stage I (169) and II (43) @entity4797 . Median follow-up for the group was 7.5 years. RESULTS: Progression free, cause specific, and overall survival were 95%, 98%, and 95% at 5 years, and 94%, 98%, and 94% at 10 years respectively. An increased risk of failure was noted among @entity1 with bulky @entity34 . No other prognostic factors for relapse were identified. Late @entity137 was uncommon with only 12/212 (6%) developing any late @entity137 potentially attributable to radiotherapy. The incidence of second @entity5 (excluding second @entity5 ) was 6/212 (actuarial:1%, 1%, 6% at 5,10,15 years respectively). There was a trend toward increased acute complications for @entity1 treated with larger volumes of radiation. No prognostic factors associated with increased risk of late @entity137 or second @entity5 were identified, likely a consequence of the small number of these events. CONCLUSION: Survival and @entity137 were comparable to that reported in the literature. Post-operative radiotherapy remains a safe and efficacious adjuvant treatment for Stage I and early @entity34 .

title: Postoperative radiotherapy for @entity34 : results for 212 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding @entity12350 , a @entity5735 inhibitor, to usual care in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity65 . METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 @entity1 to add either @entity12350 or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all @entity1 . To determine whether @entity12350 was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of @entity65 , nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , or hospitalization for unstable @entity951 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for @entity12350 vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 @entity1 in the @entity12350 group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 @entity1 -years) and 851 @entity1 in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 @entity1 -years). @entity12350 was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for @entity712 did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of @entity788 (P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and established @entity65 , adding @entity12350 to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for @entity712 , or other adverse events. (Funded by Merck Sharp _ Dohme; TECOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00790205.).

title: Effect of @entity12350 on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis (P=0.07) or pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase 4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['Sitagliptin', 'sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding @entity12350 , a @entity5735 inhibitor, to usual care in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity65 . METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 @entity1 to add either @entity12350 or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all @entity1 . To determine whether @entity12350 was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of @entity65 , nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , or hospitalization for unstable @entity951 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for @entity12350 vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 @entity1 in the @entity12350 group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 @entity1 -years) and 851 @entity1 in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 @entity1 -years). @entity12350 was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for @entity712 did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P=0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of @entity788 (P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and established @entity65 , adding @entity12350 to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for @entity712 , or other adverse events. (Funded by Merck Sharp _ Dohme; TECOS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00790205.).

title: Effect of XXXX on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity12350 :: (MESH:C496398,Chemical) :: ['Sitagliptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cure rate of urge @entity322 after Burch colposuspension in @entity1 with mixed @entity322 diagnosed urodynamically, to determine if cure rates were different when the onset of urge symptoms antedated or postdated the symptoms of @entity3142 , and to propose appropriate preoperative counseling of @entity1 based on this information. METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with urodynamically diagnosed genuine @entity3142 and detrusor instability underwent Burch colposuspension. History of chronologic onset of @entity3142 or urge @entity322 was recorded. Detailed history, clinical examination, and multichannel urodynamic and other functional studies were carried out on each @entity1 preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative urodynamic studies were performed only in @entity1 with persistent symptoms. @entity1 were assigned to the antecedent stress or antecedent urge group depending on which symptom(s) occurred first. Cure rates in each group were calculated and compared with history of @entity322 . RESULTS: Fifty-eight of 82 @entity1 with complaints of both stress and urge @entity322 were diagnosed urodynamically as having mixed @entity322 ; 46 of them met the study criteria and underwent Burch colposuspension. @entity3142 preceded urgency in 28 of the 46 @entity1 (61%); urgency occurred first in the remaining 18 (39%). The cure rate of 78.6% (22 of 28) for urge @entity322 was statistically significantly greater in the antecedent stress group compared with 22.2% (four of 18) in the antecedent urge group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a primary presenting symptom of @entity3142 who later develop urge @entity322 are 2.5 times more likely to be cured of urge @entity322 by Burch colposuspension than @entity1 whose primary presenting symptom is urge @entity322 .

title: Antecedent history as a predictor of surgical cure of urgency symptoms in mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence', 'Stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The difficulties encountered by individuals with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) when interacting with neurotypical (NT, i.e. nonautistic) individuals are usually attributed to failure to recognize the emotions and mental states of their NT interaction partner. It is also possible, however, that at least some of the difficulty is due to a failure of NT individuals to read the mental and emotional states of @entity72 interaction partners. Previous research has frequently observed deficits of typical @entity10400 in individuals with @entity72 , suggesting atypical representations of emotional expressions. Relatively little research, however, has investigated the ability of individuals with @entity72 to produce recognizable emotional expressions, and thus, whether NT individuals can recognize autistic emotional expressions. The few studies which have investigated this have used only NT observers, making it impossible to determine whether atypical representations are shared among individuals with @entity72 , or idiosyncratic. This study investigated NT and @entity72 @entity1 ' ability to recognize emotional expressions produced by NT and @entity72 posers. Three posing conditions were included, to determine whether potential group differences are due to atypical @entity73 , impaired understanding of the communicative value of expressions, or poor proprioceptive feedback. Results indicated that @entity72 expressions were recognized less well than NT expressions, and that this is likely due to a genuine deficit in the representation of typical emotional expressions in this population. Further, @entity72 expressions were equally poorly recognized by NT individuals and those with @entity72 , implicating idiosyncratic, rather than common, atypical representations of emotional expressions in @entity72 . @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 The Authors @entity2438 Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for @entity2438 Research.

title: Can Neurotypical Individuals Read Autistic Facial Expressions? Atypical Production of Emotional Facial Expressions in XXXX Spectrum Disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive representations of emotion']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion recognition']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was done to evaluate the differences in @entity51 ( @entity51 ) clearance, pH normalization, and the occurrence of complications between survivors and nonsurvivors after trauma. DESIGN: Concurrent data entry with retrospective review. METHODS: @entity130 @entity1 meeting registry criteria from July 1990 through August 1995 with arterial blood gases performed within 1 hour of admission and admission @entity51 < or = -6 were included. Data was grouped by @entity51 category (moderate, -6 to -9; severe, < or = -10). Group means +/- SEM were compared with a two-tailed t test. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Six hundred seventy-four @entity1 met entry criteria. Survivors in both the moderate and severe @entity51 groups had improved their @entity51 within 4 hours and normalized their @entity51 by 16 hours. Nonsurvivors did not improve their @entity51 category until 8 hours (for the severe group) and 16 hours (for the moderate group) and did not normalize @entity51 before 24 hours. The @entity51 differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were significant at each time interval, whereas pH differences were significant at 2 hours in the moderate group and at 2, 16, and 24 hours in the severe group. @entity1 who failed to improve their @entity51 > -6 had an increased frequency of adult @entity649 , @entity881 , and mortality. CONCLUSION: Base deficit reveals differences in metabolic @entity520 between survivors and nonsurvivors not shown by pH determinations and is clearly a better marker of @entity520 clearance after shock.

title: Base deficit is superior to pH in evaluating clearance of XXXX after traumatic shock.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'base deficit']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this paper, we report the surgical results of our DeBakey and Crawford combined method. METHODS: From 1985 to 1995, 22 consecutive @entity1 with thoraco-abdominal aneurysms underwent a modified DeBakey and Crawford combined procedure to minimize the ischemic time for the spinal cord and visceral organs. The extent of @entity439 as classified by Crawford was as follows: Group I, 12; Group II, 4, Group III, 3; Group IV, 3. The etiology of the @entity439 was @entity731 in 19, @entity39 in 2, and @entity3665 in 1. The @entity439 was approached through the spiral opening method. First, end-to-side distal @entity254 was performed above the bifurcation under partial aortic clamping, and this was followed by proximal @entity254 . During the end-to-end proximal @entity254 , a Gott shunt tube or heparinless left heart bypass was used. In two @entity1 , @entity8 had been previously reconstructed by a saphenous vein graft extending from the left common iliac artery. Then @entity439 was opened, and the right renal artery and superiors mesenteric artery were perfused with cold blood. In two @entity1 , partial cardiopulmonary bypass and selective perfusion were performed. In eight @entity1 , renal artery, celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and intercostal artery were reconstructed with a branch graft. RESULTS: No @entity1 died within 30 days of surgery, however, one @entity1 died of @entity583 (POD 54) and another of @entity2224 during hemodialysis (POD 60). @entity260 included @entity451 , and @entity177 requiring dialysis each in two @entity1 . Postoperative angiography revealed 18/19 (94.7%) of grafts were patent. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, by using different techniques for spinal cord and visceral protection, including the Gott shunt, Biomedicus pump, renal cryopreservation, and separate revascularization of viscera and intercostal arteries, good results could be obtained.

title: Surgical results for thoraco-abdominal XXXX by modified DeBakey method using centrifugal biopump and renal cryopreservation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine whether myocardial stretch (non- @entity63 stress) could precondition isolated perfused hearts of both normotensive Wister-Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: The perfused hearts in Langendorff mode were subjected to 30 min of global no-flow @entity63 followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured. In the control group, LVEDP was set at 10 mmHg. In the stretch group, LVEDP was increased to 30 or 60 mmHg for 5 min before 30 min of @entity63 . In the @entity63 preconditioning group, the hearts were exposed to two cycles of a 5-min period of @entity63 before 30 min of @entity63 . Myocardial @entity880 contents were measured at the baseline and at the end of the 60 mmHg stretch. RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters of LVDP and LVEDP at 30 min of reperfusion improved in the stretch group (LVEDP of 60 mmHg) and the @entity63 preconditioning group. Coronary flow did not decrease during the stretch. Recovery of the coronary flow during reperfusion was better in the stretch and @entity63 preconditioning groups. Postischemic contractile function was better in WKY @entity35 than in SHR. Myocardial @entity880 contents at the end of 60 mmHg stretch were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial stretch induced by increasing LVEDP preconditioned isolated perfused hearts of both WKY @entity35 and SHR, via mechanisms not involving @entity741 during stretch.

title: Myocardial stretch induced by increased left ventricular diastolic pressure preconditions isolated perfused hearts of normotensive and spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine whether myocardial stretch (non- @entity63 stress) could precondition isolated perfused hearts of both normotensive Wister-Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: The perfused hearts in Langendorff mode were subjected to 30 min of global no-flow @entity63 followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured. In the control group, LVEDP was set at 10 mmHg. In the stretch group, LVEDP was increased to 30 or 60 mmHg for 5 min before 30 min of @entity63 . In the @entity63 preconditioning group, the hearts were exposed to two cycles of a 5-min period of @entity63 before 30 min of @entity63 . Myocardial @entity880 contents were measured at the baseline and at the end of the 60 mmHg stretch. RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters of LVDP and LVEDP at 30 min of reperfusion improved in the stretch group (LVEDP of 60 mmHg) and the @entity63 preconditioning group. Coronary flow did not decrease during the stretch. Recovery of the coronary flow during reperfusion was better in the stretch and @entity63 preconditioning groups. Postischemic contractile function was better in WKY @entity35 than in SHR. Myocardial @entity880 contents at the end of 60 mmHg stretch were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial stretch induced by increasing LVEDP preconditioned isolated perfused hearts of both WKY @entity35 and SHR, via mechanisms not involving @entity741 during stretch.

title: Myocardial stretch induced by increased left ventricular diastolic pressure preconditions isolated perfused hearts of normotensive and spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Effective antiretroviral (ARV) therapy depends on adequate drug exposure, yet methods to assess ARV exposure are limited. Concentrations of ARV in hair are the product of steady-state pharmacokinetics factors and longitudinal adherence. We investigated @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ) concentrations in hair as a predictor of treatment response in @entity1 receiving ARVs. In @entity1 of the @entity1 's Interagency @entity645 Study, who reported @entity16333 use for >1 month from 2003-2008, @entity16333 concentrations in hair were measured via liquid-chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. The outcome was virologic suppression (plasma @entity645 RNA below assay threshold) at the time of hair sampling and the primary predictor was @entity5198 concentration categorized into quartiles. We controlled for age, race/ethnicity, pre-treatment @entity645 RNA, CD4 cell count, and self-reported adherence over the 6-month visit interval (categorized  <= 74%, 75%-94% or >=  95%). We also assessed the relation of @entity16333 concentration with changes in hepatic transaminase levels via multivariate random intercept logistic regression and linear regression analyses. 271 @entity1 contributed 1089 @entity1 -visits to the analysis (median 3 of semi-annual visits). Viral suppression was least frequent in concentration quartile 1 (86/178 (48.3%)) and increased in higher quartiles (to 158/204 (77.5%) for quartile 4). The odds of viral suppression in the highest concentration quartile were 9.17 times (95% CI 3.2-26, P < 0.0001) those in the lowest. African-American race was associated with lower rates of virologic suppression independent of @entity16333 hair concentration. @entity16333 concentration was not significantly associated with patterns of serum transaminases. Concentration of @entity16333 in hair was a strong independent predictor of virologic suppression in @entity1 taking @entity16333 , stronger than self-reported adherence, but did not appear to be strongly predictive of hepatotoxicity.

title: @entity5198 Concentration in Hair Samples Is a Strong Predictor of Virologic Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of XXXX -Infected @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Effective antiretroviral (ARV) therapy depends on adequate drug exposure, yet methods to assess ARV exposure are limited. Concentrations of ARV in hair are the product of steady-state pharmacokinetics factors and longitudinal adherence. We investigated @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ) concentrations in hair as a predictor of treatment response in @entity1 receiving ARVs. In @entity1 of the @entity1 's Interagency @entity645 Study, who reported @entity16333 use for >1 month from 2003-2008, @entity16333 concentrations in hair were measured via liquid-chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. The outcome was virologic suppression (plasma @entity645 RNA below assay threshold) at the time of hair sampling and the primary predictor was @entity5198 concentration categorized into quartiles. We controlled for age, race/ethnicity, pre-treatment @entity645 RNA, CD4 cell count, and self-reported adherence over the 6-month visit interval (categorized  <= 74%, 75%-94% or >=  95%). We also assessed the relation of @entity16333 concentration with changes in hepatic transaminase levels via multivariate random intercept logistic regression and linear regression analyses. 271 @entity1 contributed 1089 @entity1 -visits to the analysis (median 3 of semi-annual visits). Viral suppression was least frequent in concentration quartile 1 (86/178 (48.3%)) and increased in higher quartiles (to 158/204 (77.5%) for quartile 4). The odds of viral suppression in the highest concentration quartile were 9.17 times (95% CI 3.2-26, P < 0.0001) those in the lowest. African-American race was associated with lower rates of virologic suppression independent of @entity16333 hair concentration. @entity16333 concentration was not significantly associated with patterns of serum transaminases. Concentration of @entity16333 in hair was a strong independent predictor of virologic suppression in @entity1 taking @entity16333 , stronger than self-reported adherence, but did not appear to be strongly predictive of hepatotoxicity.

title: XXXX Concentration in Hair Samples Is a Strong Predictor of Virologic Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of @entity645 -Infected @entity1 .

answer: @entity5198 :: (MESH:D019829,Chemical) :: ['Nevirapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Effective antiretroviral (ARV) therapy depends on adequate drug exposure, yet methods to assess ARV exposure are limited. Concentrations of ARV in hair are the product of steady-state pharmacokinetics factors and longitudinal adherence. We investigated @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ) concentrations in hair as a predictor of treatment response in @entity1 receiving ARVs. In @entity1 of the @entity1 's Interagency @entity645 Study, who reported @entity16333 use for >1 month from 2003-2008, @entity16333 concentrations in hair were measured via liquid-chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry. The outcome was virologic suppression (plasma @entity645 RNA below assay threshold) at the time of hair sampling and the primary predictor was @entity5198 concentration categorized into quartiles. We controlled for age, race/ethnicity, pre-treatment @entity645 RNA, CD4 cell count, and self-reported adherence over the 6-month visit interval (categorized  <= 74%, 75%-94% or >=  95%). We also assessed the relation of @entity16333 concentration with changes in hepatic transaminase levels via multivariate random intercept logistic regression and linear regression analyses. 271 @entity1 contributed 1089 @entity1 -visits to the analysis (median 3 of semi-annual visits). Viral suppression was least frequent in concentration quartile 1 (86/178 (48.3%)) and increased in higher quartiles (to 158/204 (77.5%) for quartile 4). The odds of viral suppression in the highest concentration quartile were 9.17 times (95% CI 3.2-26, P < 0.0001) those in the lowest. African-American race was associated with lower rates of virologic suppression independent of @entity16333 hair concentration. @entity16333 concentration was not significantly associated with patterns of serum transaminases. Concentration of @entity16333 in hair was a strong independent predictor of virologic suppression in @entity1 taking @entity16333 , stronger than self-reported adherence, but did not appear to be strongly predictive of hepatotoxicity.

title: @entity5198 Concentration in Hair Samples Is a Strong Predictor of Virologic Suppression in a Prospective Cohort of @entity645 -Infected XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity204 due to digestive disorders can be a difficult task. It is helpful if the carcass can be viewed for condition, position, and location before being moved from the @entity8907 in which it was found. A complete necropsy is absolutely necessary even though postmortem decomposition may be advanced. All @entity1514 and abdominal organs must be examined for gross lesions. If one believes that the central nervous system was involved, the brain should be removed and examined. Checking the ruminal pH is important. If indicated, samples should be obtained and submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Salient lesions include @entity384 of the anterior portion of the carcass, especially the cervical muscles and tissues adjacent to the esophagus and @entity825 , paleness of the posterior portion of the carcass, @entity4 between the muscle groups of the hindquarters, scrotal, or mammary area, and a lack of other gross lesions. Many cases have @entity384 and(or) @entity4 in the submucosa of the dorsal portion of the @entity825 extending from the @entity1514 inlet cranially. One must list the cause of @entity204 as unknown or undetermined when it is not apparent.

title: Diagnosis of digestive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy is a novel approach for the treatment of @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) in @entity1 requiring surgical intervention. This technique was used for treatment in 16 consecutive @entity1 . Follow-up was initiated at a median of 13.5 months after surgery to determine whether or not laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and successful procedure that should be used in all @entity1 requiring splenectomy for @entity3039 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for @entity3039 between May 1994 and September 1996. They were evaluated prospectively prior to surgery, immediately following surgery, at discharge, and at 13.5 months following surgery (n = 14) to determine the short- and long-term results of the procedure. RESULTS: Mean operation time was 123.4 +/- 12.1 min, and there were no significant @entity260 . Mean intraoperative @entity190 was 437.5 +/- 73.5 ml. Autologous blood transfusion was necessary in one @entity1 (6.3%). Mean organ weight was 202.2 +/- 47.3 g. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 4.6 +/- 0. 4 days. Before discharge, mean platelet count rose by 100.7%. At follow-up (13.5 months postoperatively), it was 77.7% above preoperative values. No additional surgery was necessary in any of the @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy, and hematologic success was achieved in 12 @entity1 (85.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and successful procedure in @entity1 suffering from @entity3039 . It offers the well-known advantages of minimal invasive surgery as well as the surgical effectiveness of the open approach. This surgical technique should therefore be considered in all @entity1 requiring splenectomy for the treatment of @entity3039 .

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy for XXXX . A 1-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intra- or postoperative complications']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although some authors advocate hypothermic @entity1167 for spinal cord protection in descending @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal repair, this method has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in other studies. The safety and effectiveness of this surgical adjunct were evaluated. METHODS: Between February 1991 and April 1997, 409 @entity1 underwent @entity1514 or thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Because of an inability to gain proximal aortic control because of anatomic or technical difficulty, hypothermic @entity1167 was used in 21 @entity1 (4.9%). Thirteen @entity1 were @entity1 , 8 were @entity1 , and the median age was 57 (range, 21 to 81 years). Four @entity1 (19%) had @entity1614 , and 1 had @entity3665 . Seven @entity1 (33%) had @entity1580 (4 chronic type A, 2 chronic type B, 1 acute B), and 1 had aortic laceration. All but 6 @entity1 had @entity101 . Fifteen @entity1 (73%) were operated on for repair of the distal arch and descending @entity1514 aorta, 4 (19%) for repair of the distal arch and thoracoabdominal aorta, and 2 for repair of either the thoracoabdominal or descending @entity1514 aorta alone. Surgery for 9 @entity1 (43%) also included bypass grafts to the subclavian or innominate arteries. Six operations (29%) were urgent. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 29% (6 of 21 @entity1 ). Among urgent @entity1 , the mortality rate was 50% (3 of 6 @entity1 ) versus 20% (3 of 15) for elective @entity1 . Of the remaining 15 @entity1 , @entity177 occurred in 1 (7%) and @entity712 in 2 (13%). Ten @entity1 (67%) had @entity358 . @entity75 occurred in 5 @entity1 (33%) and @entity64 in 2 (13%), and spinal cord neurologic deficit developed in 2 (13%). The median recovery was 28 days (range, 10 to 157 days). CONCLUSION: Hypothermic @entity1167 did not reduce the incidence of @entity204 and morbidity to a rate comparable with our conventional methods. We recommend the judicious application of this method in rare instances when proximal control is not feasible or catastrophic @entity954 leave the surgeon with no other option.

title: Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair using cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, and XXXX via left side of the chest incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: The role of blood @entity5 markers is established in the monitoring of response to systemic therapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 assessable by UICC criteria. This paper examines the use of marker measurements (in the form of a previously devised biochemical index score comprising CA15.3, @entity787 and ESR) in @entity1 with metastatic lesions unassessable for response by UICC criteria. Of 218 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 treated over a 2-year period in the Nottingham Breast Unit, 43 @entity1 (20%) had unassessable disease and 36 of them with blood marker results available were studied. Eighty-six per cent of @entity1 were biochemically assessable. All @entity1 who achieved biochemical response remained unassessable by UICC criteria. Twenty-two @entity1 progressed initially or subsequently (after an initial biochemical response), either biochemically or by UICC criteria. Biochemical assessment completely paralleled UICC assessment in all eight @entity1 who progressed by both assessments. Biochemical progression occurred ahead of UICC assessment in four of them with a median lead-time of 4.5 months. Biochemical assessment by blood @entity5 markers is useful in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 unassessable for response to systemic therapy. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger @entity1 series.

title: The use of blood @entity5 markers in the monitoring of metastatic XXXX unassessable for response to systemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']