abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether consumer involvement would help to solve some of the ethical problems associated with research into thrombolysis for acute @entity64 , with its inherent risk of fatal @entity932 . DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative research. SETTING AND @entity1 : CONSULTATION PHASE: three meetings were held to discuss the planned research, and @entity1 completed a questionnaire. QUALITATIVE WORK: focus group meetings explored the issues raised during the consultation phase. Design of information leaflets for @entity1 and relatives: trial materials were drafted during the consultation phase and revised in the light of feedback from the focus group meetings and review by @entity1 and carers on a @entity64 rehabilitation unit. RESULTS: 54 @entity1 attended the consultation meetings. Four (9%) @entity1 considered the risks of thrombolysis too great, but most (89%) were prepared to accept the treatment in a clinical trial. Nearly all would accept treatment if it was shown to be effective. Most (85%) would give their consent to enter the planned trial. The focus group meetings and feedback from @entity1 and carers led to significant changes in the information leaflets. The revised trial materials were considered ethical by a national multicentre research ethics committee. CONCLUSIONS: Consumers generally supported a planned trial, and their involvement helped to refine trial consent procedures and led to an ethically acceptable trial design.

title: Thrombolysis for acute XXXX : consumer involvement in design of new randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Fish populations are globally threatened by overharvesting and habitat degradation. The ability to bank fish embryos by cryopreservation could be crucial for preserving species diversity, for aquaculture (allowing circannual fish farming), and for managing fish models used in @entity1 biomedical research. However, no nonmammalian embryo has ever been successfully cryopreserved. For fish, low membrane permeability prevents cryoprotectants from entering the yolk to prevent cryodamage. Here, we present evidence of a membrane mechanism hindering cryopreservation of fish and propose a novel solution to this obstacle. @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) embryos have rectifying membranes that allow water to leave but not to reenter readily. This feature may be an evolutionary trait that allows freshwater embryos to grow in hypoosmotic environments without osmoregulatory organs. However, this trait may also prevent successful fish embryo cryopreservation because both water and cryoprotectants must move into and out of cells. As a solution, we injected @entity3392 embryos with mRNA for the @entity70565 water channel protein and demonstrated increased membrane permeability to water and to a cryoprotectant. Modeling indicates that sufficient cryoprotectant enters @entity70565 -expressing @entity3392 embryos to allow cryopreservation.

title: Altering fish embryos with XXXX : an essential step toward successful cryopreservation.

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity70565 :: (406777(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['aquaporin-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is a curative treatment modality in the early stages of follicle centre @entity706 . Survival rates, patterns of failure and prognostic factors were evaluated in a retrospective analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: 116 @entity1 with follicle centre @entity706 and II were treated between 1970 and 1999 in Dresden. Therapy modalities were radiotherapy alone (103 @entity1 ) or combined radiotherapy/chemotherapy (13 @entity1 ). Radiotherapy was applied as involved-field-(IFI)- (104 @entity1 ), extended-field- (nine @entity1 ) or total-nodal- (three @entity1 ) irradiation. @entity1 received doses between 25 Gy and 50 Gy (median 35 Gy). RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year actuarial overall survival rates were 76% and 51%. Relapse free survival was 62% and 48% respectively. The median follow-up was 4,0 years. Relapses after complete remission were registered in 44 cases. Six @entity1 have had in-field-recurrences. The majority of out-field-recurrences were nodal relapses (50%). 11% of relapses occurred outside of lymph nodes or were disseminated failures (18%). Significant favorable prognostic factors identified by multivariate and univariate analysis were low age (age < 50 years vs. age > 50 years), low stage and performance of bipedal lymphangiography as primary staging procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is an effective and tolerable treatment modality for follicle centre @entity706 in the early stages I and II. We registered a high proportion of nodal recurrences, which may be minimized by prophylactic extended radiotherapy.

title: [Follicle centre XXXX : treatment results for stage I and II].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma stage I']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Previous studies have revealed considerable interobserver and intraobserver variation in the histological classification of preinvasive cervical @entity2784 . The aim of the present study was to develop a decision support system (DSS) for the histological interpretation of these lesions. Knowledge and uncertainty were represented in the form of a Bayesian belief network that permitted the storage of diagnostic knowledge and, for a given case, the collection of evidence in a cumulative manner that provided a final probability for the possible diagnostic outcomes. The network comprised 8 diagnostic histological features (evidence nodes) that were each independently linked to the diagnosis (decision node) by a conditional probability matrix. Diagnostic outcomes comprised normal; koilocytosis; and @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) I, @entity3146 , and @entity3146 . For each evidence feature, a set of images was recorded that represented the full spectrum of change for that feature. The system was designed to be interactive in that the histopathologist was prompted to enter evidence into the network via a specifically designed graphical user interface (i-Path Diagnostics, Belfast, Northern Ireland). Membership functions were used to derive the relative likelihoods for the alternative feature outcomes, the likelihood vector was entered into the network, and the updated diagnostic belief was computed for the diagnostic outcomes and displayed. A cumulative probability graph was generated throughout the diagnostic process and presented on screen. The network was tested on 50 cervical colposcopic biopsy specimens, comprising 10 cases each of normal, koilocytosis, @entity3146 I, @entity3146 , and @entity3146 . These had been preselected by a consultant gynecological pathologist. Using conventional morphological assessment, the cases were classified on 2 separate occasions by 2 consultant and 2 junior pathologists. The cases were also then classified using the DSS on 2 occasions by the 4 pathologists and by 2 medical students with no experience in cervical histology. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement using morphology and using the DSS was calculated with kappa statistics. Intraobserver reproducibility using conventional unaided diagnosis was reasonably good (kappa range, 0.688 to 0.861), but interobserver agreement was poor (kappa range, 0.347 to 0.747). Using the DSS improved overall reproducibility between individuals. Using the DSS, however, did not enhance the diagnostic performance of junior pathologists when comparing their DSS-based diagnosis against an experienced consultant. However, the generation of a cumulative probability graph also allowed a comparison of individual performance, how individual features were assessed in the same case, and how this contributed to diagnostic disagreement between individuals. Diagnostic features such as nuclear pleomorphism were shown to be particularly problematic and poorly reproducible. DSSs such as this therefore not only have a role to play in enhancing decision making but also in the study of diagnostic protocol, education, self-assessment, and quality control.

title: Computerized diagnostic decision support system for the classification of preinvasive cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN II', 'CIN III', 'CIN']

answer: @entity2784 :: (MESH:D065310,Disease) :: ['squamous lesions']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity13377 ( @entity13377 ) allergen levels in house dust and skin reactivity to @entity13377 in adult @entity1097 and non- @entity1097 subjects in inland areas of Croatia. METHODS: @entity13377 group 2 (Bla g 2) allergen was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on test strips (Dustscreen(TM) test, Heska AG, Switzerland) in 94 house dust samples collected from living room and bedroom floors, 35 from rural and 59 from urban areas. Skin prick testing with common inhalatory allergens, @entity13377 , storage mites Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ALK-Abello, Denmark) was performed in 187 adult outpatients, 131 from urban and 56 from rural areas. Total serum IgE levels were measured using the ELISA method. Subjects with relevant respiratory and/or skin symptoms, at least one positive skin prick test, and/or increased total IgE were considered @entity1097 . RESULTS: Positive skin prick test to cockroach was observed in 18/187 subjects (9.6%). The frequency of skin prick test positive subjects to cockroach was higher in @entity1097 than in non- @entity1097 subjects, but not significantly (12.2% vs. 4.7%; p=0.098). Of 15 @entity1097 subjects with positive skin prick test to cockroach, 14 also had positive skin prick test to storage mites, 8 to house dust mites, 1 to pollens, and none to cockroach only. Positive skin prick test to storage mites was the only factor which significantly increased the risk for having positive skin prick test to cockroach (n=187; odds ratio, 109.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.06- 5853.5; p= 0.020). In all 94 house dust samples, Bla g 2 was not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no relevant exposure to cockroach allergen in house dust samples from inland areas of Croatia. Consequently, positive skin prick test to cockroach is rare in adult subjects, even in atopics. Positive skin prick test to cockroach in atopics is in the majority of cases related to positive skin prick test to storage mites, probably due to cross-reactivity.

title: Exposure levels and skin reactivity to XXXX ( @entity13377 ) in Croatia.

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['Blatella germanica', 'German cockroach', 'Blattella germanica']

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['German cockroach']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity13377 ( @entity13377 ) allergen levels in house dust and skin reactivity to @entity13377 in adult @entity1097 and non- @entity1097 subjects in inland areas of Croatia. METHODS: @entity13377 group 2 (Bla g 2) allergen was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on test strips (Dustscreen(TM) test, Heska AG, Switzerland) in 94 house dust samples collected from living room and bedroom floors, 35 from rural and 59 from urban areas. Skin prick testing with common inhalatory allergens, @entity13377 , storage mites Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ALK-Abello, Denmark) was performed in 187 adult outpatients, 131 from urban and 56 from rural areas. Total serum IgE levels were measured using the ELISA method. Subjects with relevant respiratory and/or skin symptoms, at least one positive skin prick test, and/or increased total IgE were considered @entity1097 . RESULTS: Positive skin prick test to cockroach was observed in 18/187 subjects (9.6%). The frequency of skin prick test positive subjects to cockroach was higher in @entity1097 than in non- @entity1097 subjects, but not significantly (12.2% vs. 4.7%; p=0.098). Of 15 @entity1097 subjects with positive skin prick test to cockroach, 14 also had positive skin prick test to storage mites, 8 to house dust mites, 1 to pollens, and none to cockroach only. Positive skin prick test to storage mites was the only factor which significantly increased the risk for having positive skin prick test to cockroach (n=187; odds ratio, 109.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.06- 5853.5; p= 0.020). In all 94 house dust samples, Bla g 2 was not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no relevant exposure to cockroach allergen in house dust samples from inland areas of Croatia. Consequently, positive skin prick test to cockroach is rare in adult subjects, even in atopics. Positive skin prick test to cockroach in atopics is in the majority of cases related to positive skin prick test to storage mites, probably due to cross-reactivity.

title: Exposure levels and skin reactivity to @entity13377 ( XXXX ) in Croatia.

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['Blattella germanica']


abstract: More and more prosthetic materials are being used in the treatment of @entity169 . This report deals with some unusual but devastating complications, occurring after preperitoneal mesh implantation. A 56-year old male @entity1 underwent a Stoppa-repair for a @entity169 . Two years postoperatively, a localized abdominal wall abscess was treated with antibiotics and drainage. A barium enema and a CT-scan of the abdomen were performed to rule out an enteric @entity292 ; the CT-scan unexpectedly revealed a tumoral mass involving the sigmoid colon, and an explorative laparotomy was done. Peroperatively, part of the mesh was found to penetrate the bowel wall and a sigmoidectomy with removal of the mesh was performed. Two years later, ingrowth of the urinary bladder by the remains of the mesh was the unfortunate peroperative finding when the @entity1 was operated on for an inflammatory mass, involving the bladder wall. The @entity1 needed two more interventions for persisting wound @entity292 . All the remains of the mesh have been removed and all @entity292 have been widely excised. Nowadays, the @entity1 is recovering well with complete healing of all wounds. Although infection of prostheses used in the treatment of @entity547 has been described, late and serious complications related to mesh implantation, such as perforation of the @entity1494 , have seldom been reported.

title: Unusual complications of preperitoneal mesh implantation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['colon and the bladder']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among older @entity1 , but there is little information on how individuals experience this. AIMS: This study was conducted to explore the experiences of individuals who had suffered a @entity173 . The aim was not to produce generalizable findings but, rather, to generate a rich description of the experience of incurring and recovering from a @entity173 , to inform nursing practice. METHOD: Phenomenological methodology was used. A purposeful sample of five older @entity1 was interviewed, following a stay in a community hospital for rehabilitation after surgical repair of a @entity173 . The unstructured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for significant statements and meanings. FINDINGS: Four major themes emerged: the injury experience, the @entity158 experience, the recovery experience and the disability experience. The injury experience consisted of storytelling, recalling the experience of the injury itself. The @entity158 experience consisted of coping with the @entity158 . The recovery experience involved the operation, beginning the struggle of recovery, and regaining independence. The disability experience consisted of the disability itself, depending on others, and being housebound. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 management, meeting psychological and physical needs for nursing care, planning for discharge, and ensuring a reasonable quality of life are areas for nursing care development. Consideration of appropriate settings for rehabilitation is needed and there should be further investigation into improving quality of life after discharge.

title: @entity1 ' experiences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity173 is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among older @entity1 , but there is little information on how individuals experience this. AIMS: This study was conducted to explore the experiences of individuals who had suffered a @entity173 . The aim was not to produce generalizable findings but, rather, to generate a rich description of the experience of incurring and recovering from a @entity173 , to inform nursing practice. METHOD: Phenomenological methodology was used. A purposeful sample of five older @entity1 was interviewed, following a stay in a community hospital for rehabilitation after surgical repair of a @entity173 . The unstructured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for significant statements and meanings. FINDINGS: Four major themes emerged: the injury experience, the @entity158 experience, the recovery experience and the disability experience. The injury experience consisted of storytelling, recalling the experience of the injury itself. The @entity158 experience consisted of coping with the @entity158 . The recovery experience involved the operation, beginning the struggle of recovery, and regaining independence. The disability experience consisted of the disability itself, depending on others, and being housebound. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 management, meeting psychological and physical needs for nursing care, planning for discharge, and ensuring a reasonable quality of life are areas for nursing care development. Consideration of appropriate settings for rehabilitation is needed and there should be further investigation into improving quality of life after discharge.

title: XXXX ' experiences of @entity173 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B( @entity1991 ) during reperfusion after temporary @entity2806 and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: The @entity2806 -reperfusion(I/R) model of @entity19 was established with ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and @entity548 for 0.3 ml in the tail. @entity3002 ( @entity3002 ) were recorded. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the activity of @entity1991 subunit P65 and the inhibitory factor-kappa B alpha( @entity1993 ) in cerebral cortex during different periods of @entity63 and reperfusion. Their mRNA expressions were also measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity1991 P65 activity significantly increased 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour, and remaining high within 24 hours (all P < 0.05). But the mRNA expression didn't change much; @entity1993 and its mRNA expression began to decrease at 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour after the reperfusion (P < 0.05) and then gradually restored. Positive correlation was found between @entity1991 P65 activity and @entity3002 (P < 0.05), while negative correlation was shown among @entity1993 , its mRNA, and @entity3002 (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both activated @entity1991 and decreased @entity1993 exist in the neural tissues of @entity19 at the early stage of @entity2806 -reperfusion. The activated @entity1991 may be involved in the @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Nuclear factor-kappa B activity at the early stage of XXXX and reperfusion in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['ANS', 'Abnormal nervous symptoms']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B( @entity1991 ) during reperfusion after temporary @entity2806 and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: The @entity2806 -reperfusion(I/R) model of @entity19 was established with ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and @entity548 for 0.3 ml in the tail. @entity3002 ( @entity3002 ) were recorded. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the activity of @entity1991 subunit P65 and the inhibitory factor-kappa B alpha( @entity1993 ) in cerebral cortex during different periods of @entity63 and reperfusion. Their mRNA expressions were also measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity1991 P65 activity significantly increased 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour, and remaining high within 24 hours (all P < 0.05). But the mRNA expression didn't change much; @entity1993 and its mRNA expression began to decrease at 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour after the reperfusion (P < 0.05) and then gradually restored. Positive correlation was found between @entity1991 P65 activity and @entity3002 (P < 0.05), while negative correlation was shown among @entity1993 , its mRNA, and @entity3002 (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both activated @entity1991 and decreased @entity1993 exist in the neural tissues of @entity19 at the early stage of @entity2806 -reperfusion. The activated @entity1991 may be involved in the @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Nuclear factor-kappa B activity at the early stage of @entity2806 and reperfusion in XXXX ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity49355 . michiganensis is a plant-pathogenic actinomycete. It infects @entity523 , spreads through the xylem and causes bacterial wilt and canker. The wild-type strain NCPPB382 carries two plasmids, pCM1 and pCM2. The cured plasmid-free derivative CMM100 is still able to colonize @entity523 , but no disease symptoms develop indicating that all genes required for successful infection, establishment and growth in the plant reside on the chromosome. Both plasmids carry one virulence factor, a gene encoding a cellulase, CelA in case of pCM1 and a putative @entity563 protease Pat-1 on pCM2. These genes can independently convert the non-virulent strain CMM100 into a pathogen causing wilt on tomatoes. Currently, genome projects for Cmm and the closely related @entity415 -pathogen @entity49354 have been initiated. The data from the genome project shall give clues on further genes involved in plant-microbe interaction that can be tested experimentally. Especially, identification of genes related to host-specificity through genome comparison of the two subspecies might be possible.

title: XXXX . michiganensis: first steps in the understanding of virulence of a Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium.

entities_list: @entity49354 :: ('31964', 'Species') :: ['C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus']

entities_list: @entity49355 :: ('28447', 'Species') :: ['Clavibacter michiganensis subsp']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity49355 :: (28447,Species) :: ['Clavibacter michiganensis subsp']


abstract: Ovoinhibitor is a @entity563 protease-inhibiting protein that was originally purified from egg whites. It is secreted by the oviduct under the control of @entity172 and @entity1420 and it specifically inhibits @entity563 proteinases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. During recent attempts to raise monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against @entity1573 bursa of Fabricius proteins, one Mab was produced that specifically recognized @entity1573 ovoinhibitor. This was the first demonstration of ovoinhibitor in an avian immune organ. We presently report on the expression of an ovoinhibitor-like molecule by the pituitary of the @entity1573 as revealed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunofluorescent dual staining experiments using the mouse anti-ovoinhibitor Mab in conjunction with polyclonal antibodies against various hypophysial hormones revealed partial co-localization of an ovoinhibitor-like molecule with @entity17548 ( @entity17548 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), and @entity55682 ( @entity55682 ), in a subset of the respective hormone producing cells. By contrast, no co-localization with prolactin (PRL) could be reliably demonstrated. RT-PCR of hypophysial mRNA using ovoinhibitor gene-specific primers yielded an amplicon that was 20% shorter than predicted on the basis of the published ovoinhibitor sequence. Sequencing revealed that of the represented exons only the central portion was expressed in the pituitary and that both 5' and 3' ends of each exon had been truncated. While expression of ovalbumin-like @entity563 protease inhibitors (serpins) has been previously reported in the @entity35 pituitary, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a Kazal-type @entity563 protease inhibitor in the vertebrate neuroendocrine system.

title: The XXXX pituitary expresses an ovoinhibitor-like protein in subpopulations of some, but not all, hormone-producing cell types.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity controlling the breakdown of extracellular matrix components and, thus, play an important role in the process of invasion and @entity3 . Moreover, there are several new functions, growth control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-, in which TIMPs seem to be involved. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of @entity1552 in @entity1 @entity5 assessing @entity1552 protein expression in 106 @entity150 and evaluating its importance relative to clinicopathologic parameters (age, gender, histological grade, and stage) and @entity1 survival, as well as to markers associated with cell growth and apoptosis (Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity588 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry (avidin- @entity1885 complex method-horseradish peroxidase) was performed to detect @entity1552 , Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity588 proteins using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Statistical analysis was univariate and multivariate. RESULTS: @entity1552 immunohistochemical expression was observed in stromal fibroblasts and in cancerous cells in 26.4% and 69.8% of cases, respectively. @entity1552 stromal but not cancerous cell expression associated significantly with the high histological grade of @entity189 (P < 0.0001) and the advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.001). @entity1552 either stromal or cancerous cell expression correlated significantly with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation indice (P = 0.02 and P = 0.044, respectively) and the mutant @entity876 protein (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). In univariate survival analysis @entity1 with positive @entity1552 stromal cell immunohistochemical expression had a significantly worse overall survival in comparison with @entity1552 stromal cell-negative @entity1 (log rank test: P = 0.0002). However, in multivariate survival analysis the only independent survival factors were the stage of the disease and @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1552 protein expression in either the stromal or cancerous cells is associated with the proliferation index Ki-67 and the apoptosis-related protein @entity876 . These findings are in keeping with in vitro studies reporting a growth-promoting ability of @entity1552 and its involvement in apoptosis regulation. On the other hand, @entity1552 stromal cell expression only was associated with adverse prognosis of @entity150 @entity1 .

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as a multifunctional molecule of which the expression is associated with adverse prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial bladder carcinomas', 'urothelial bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urothelial bladder carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity controlling the breakdown of extracellular matrix components and, thus, play an important role in the process of invasion and @entity3 . Moreover, there are several new functions, growth control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-, in which TIMPs seem to be involved. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of @entity1552 in @entity1 @entity5 assessing @entity1552 protein expression in 106 @entity150 and evaluating its importance relative to clinicopathologic parameters (age, gender, histological grade, and stage) and @entity1 survival, as well as to markers associated with cell growth and apoptosis (Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity588 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry (avidin- @entity1885 complex method-horseradish peroxidase) was performed to detect @entity1552 , Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity588 proteins using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Statistical analysis was univariate and multivariate. RESULTS: @entity1552 immunohistochemical expression was observed in stromal fibroblasts and in cancerous cells in 26.4% and 69.8% of cases, respectively. @entity1552 stromal but not cancerous cell expression associated significantly with the high histological grade of @entity189 (P < 0.0001) and the advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.001). @entity1552 either stromal or cancerous cell expression correlated significantly with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation indice (P = 0.02 and P = 0.044, respectively) and the mutant @entity876 protein (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). In univariate survival analysis @entity1 with positive @entity1552 stromal cell immunohistochemical expression had a significantly worse overall survival in comparison with @entity1552 stromal cell-negative @entity1 (log rank test: P = 0.0002). However, in multivariate survival analysis the only independent survival factors were the stage of the disease and @entity1 age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1552 protein expression in either the stromal or cancerous cells is associated with the proliferation index Ki-67 and the apoptosis-related protein @entity876 . These findings are in keeping with in vitro studies reporting a growth-promoting ability of @entity1552 and its involvement in apoptosis regulation. On the other hand, @entity1552 stromal cell expression only was associated with adverse prognosis of @entity150 @entity1 .

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as a multifunctional molecule of which the expression is associated with adverse prognosis of XXXX with @entity150 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The uptake of faecal occult blood testing in a workplace based @entity14 screening programme was investigated. Altogether 1828 employees aged 41-65 years at a large British industrial company were invited to receive a free faecal occult blood test (Haemoccult). Faecal occult blood tests were completed on three separate days. @entity1 with positive results were invited to undergo colonoscopy. The number of employees completing kits was measured and differences in compliance according to age, sex, and occupation were tested with a chi2 test. Compliance was 25.4%, and similar in @entity1 (25.0%) and @entity1 (32.0%, chi2=3.0, not significant). In @entity1 , compliance was highest in those aged 51-60 years (30.5% chi2>1.6, p<0.001). Compliance in @entity1 aged 41-50 years, 51-60 years, and 61-65 years was similar (Yates's corrected chi2<2.08, not significant). Managers returned more kits than clerical and blue collar workers (28.6% v 23.5%, chi2=5.6, p<0.02). One percent of tests were positive and one @entity1 had a @entity652 . Compliance in employees aged 51-60 years was comparable to that achieved in one-off British general practice programmes, but less than that in the large randomised trial of screening in general practices in Nottinghamshire. Health education of large numbers of @entity1 is easier at the workplace than in the community. Future screening must target older employees and those with clerical and blue collar jobs.

title: An industry based approach to XXXX screening in an asymptomatic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is the most common form of @entity299 and is one of the most common @entity854 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with a @entity1757 is not known. In addition, among @entity1 with a @entity1757 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity1757 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity1 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity893 (n = 14), or @entity509 (n = 11) @entity1757 who were admitted to @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity1 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity1 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8521 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, a cervical @entity8521 , and @entity358 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity1757 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity1 with an abnormal @entity8521 and/or @entity358 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8521 , normal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, and continuous branch @entity358 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity893 , or @entity509 @entity1757 and anomalies of the @entity8521 or branch @entity358 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 who have abnormalities of @entity8521 sidedness or @entity5036 , a cervical @entity8521 , and/or @entity358 . Testing of @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 but a normal @entity8521 and @entity358 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with @entity1757 : frequency and associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8521 :: ('MESH:D001015', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['conoseptal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['discontinuous pulmonary arteries', 'pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is the most common form of @entity299 and is one of the most common @entity854 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with a @entity1757 is not known. In addition, among @entity1 with a @entity1757 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity1757 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity1 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity893 (n = 14), or @entity509 (n = 11) @entity1757 who were admitted to @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity1 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity1 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8521 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, a cervical @entity8521 , and @entity358 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity1757 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity1 with an abnormal @entity8521 and/or @entity358 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8521 , normal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, and continuous branch @entity358 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity893 , or @entity509 @entity1757 and anomalies of the @entity8521 or branch @entity358 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 who have abnormalities of @entity8521 sidedness or @entity5036 , a cervical @entity8521 , and/or @entity358 . Testing of @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 but a normal @entity8521 and @entity358 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with XXXX : frequency and associated @entity854 .

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) is the most common form of @entity299 and is one of the most common @entity854 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with a @entity1757 is not known. In addition, among @entity1 with a @entity1757 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity1757 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity1 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity893 (n = 14), or @entity509 (n = 11) @entity1757 who were admitted to @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity1 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity1 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8521 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, a cervical @entity8521 , and @entity358 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity1757 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity1 with an abnormal @entity8521 and/or @entity358 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8521 , normal @entity8521 @entity5036 pattern, and continuous branch @entity358 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity893 , or @entity509 @entity1757 and anomalies of the @entity8521 or branch @entity358 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 who have abnormalities of @entity8521 sidedness or @entity5036 , a cervical @entity8521 , and/or @entity358 . Testing of @entity1 with these types of @entity1757 but a normal @entity8521 and @entity358 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in XXXX with @entity1757 : frequency and associated @entity854 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To understand how nursing home staff obtain information needed for implementing @entity1 -centered care (PCC) to residents with @entity303 who exhibit @entity146 ( @entity146 ), and how they communicate this information to other staff. Barriers to PCC and information exchange were also explored. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 were 59 staff from two nursing homes. Focus group methodology captured discussions in eight 1-hr sessions. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to provide a comprehensive summary of real world context of implementing PCC. RESULTS: To deliver PCC staff identified a need for access to psychosocial/medical history of the resident and knowledge of strategies families used for managing @entity146 in the past. However, resident information is not routinely shared with all staff and written documentation systems for communicating resident-specific information do not support the time-pressured work pattern of certified nursing assistants (CNAs). @entity2133 was considered more reliable and expedient than educational sessions. CNAs described themselves as @entity227 who prefer educational programs addressing individual resident emergent behaviors and programs that are scheduled at dedicated times. IMPLICATIONS: To improve PCC the flow of information exchange requires: inclusion of all staff, particularly CNAs; systems of communication that consider the time and resource constraints of nursing homes; development of educational programs for @entity146 that are responsive to staff learning styles; administrative investment in nursing leadership to effect these changes; and reimbursement approaches to encourage culture change investments.

title: "Wish we would have known that!" Communication Breakdown Impedes XXXX -Centered Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual learners']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia', 'BPSD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Word-of-mouth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Person']


abstract: Metastatic or non-resectable (stage IV) @entity788 has a rapidly fatal outcome (median survival: 3-6 months), thus making gene therapy a viable therapeutic option. The objectives of the clinical studies are to evaluate the safety/ @entity137 and potential anti- @entity5 response/efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) infusions of a 'pathotropic' retroviral vector bearing a cytocidal gene construct (Rexin-G) as a gene transfer intervention for stage IV @entity788 . An intra- @entity1 dose escalation regimen was used wherein increasing doses of Rexin-G were given i.v. daily for 8-10 days. Completion of this regimen was followed by a one-week evaluation period for @entity137 , after which, the maximum tolerated dose of Rexin-G was administered for another 8-10 days. In a second protocol, i.v. Rexin-G was administered frontline for 6 days followed by 8 doses of weekly @entity136 . The NIH Common @entity137 Criteria Vs.2 was used to assess @entity137 , and the NCI-RECIST criteria and @entity5 volume measurements were used to evaluate potential anti- @entity5 responses. We report the results of the first 3 @entity1 that participated in the studies. Rexin-G arrested @entity5 growth in 3 of 3 @entity1 without experiencing dose-limiting @entity137 . No @entity236 , significant alterations in @entity8 , @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity33 or hair loss were observed. Two @entity1 are alive with stable disease approximately 5 and 14 months from diagnosis, and 1 @entity1 is alive with progressive disease 20 months from diagnosis. The encouraging results of this first clinical experience will guide the design and planning of phase I/II clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of Rexin-G as the first targeted injectable gene therapy vector for stage IV @entity788 .

title: First clinical experience using a 'pathotropic' injectable retroviral vector (Rexin-G) as intervention for stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity6 is one of the common complications of @entity6 and is the leading cause for @entity1 ' @entity227 and sight loss. However, the mechanism of @entity6 is not clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate neuroretinal apoptosis in different stages in a @entity19 model for @entity6 and the mechanism of @entity6 . KKAY @entity19 with genetic @entity6 , an animal model for @entity164 2 @entity6 , was used in this study. @entity19 were divided into a control group and a @entity6 group. The @entity19 in both groups were sacrificed at one month and three months, and the @entity19 eyeballs were used for making retinal histologic sections. We showed in this study that the apoptotic cell numbers for retinal neural cells in the ganglion cell layer were significantly greater in the @entity6 group than in the control group (p<0.01), as determined by the TUNEL assay. In addition, many more apoptotic retinal neuronal cells were found in the retinal ganglion cell layer and medial part of the inner nuclear layer in the @entity6 group when the @entity19 were sacrificed at three months as compared to those sacrificed at one month (p<0.01). We also studied the ultrastructure of the retinal nerve cells and microvesseles by electron microscopy and demonstrated that the ultrastructure changes for retinal neural cells and @entity989 were observed in, as early as, the early stage of @entity6 . These findings indicate that: i). @entity989 and @entity455 occur in the early stage of @entity6 , ii). apoptosis may be an important mechanism through which @entity2479 is developed, and iii). both @entity2479 and @entity989 should be considered as the @entity6 .

title: Neuro-optic cell apoptosis and XXXX in KKAY @entity19 retina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetic retinopathy', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neuropathy', 'retinal microangiopathy']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['microangiopathy']


abstract: @entity6 is one of the common complications of @entity6 and is the leading cause for @entity1 ' @entity227 and sight loss. However, the mechanism of @entity6 is not clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate neuroretinal apoptosis in different stages in a @entity19 model for @entity6 and the mechanism of @entity6 . KKAY @entity19 with genetic @entity6 , an animal model for @entity164 2 @entity6 , was used in this study. @entity19 were divided into a control group and a @entity6 group. The @entity19 in both groups were sacrificed at one month and three months, and the @entity19 eyeballs were used for making retinal histologic sections. We showed in this study that the apoptotic cell numbers for retinal neural cells in the ganglion cell layer were significantly greater in the @entity6 group than in the control group (p<0.01), as determined by the TUNEL assay. In addition, many more apoptotic retinal neuronal cells were found in the retinal ganglion cell layer and medial part of the inner nuclear layer in the @entity6 group when the @entity19 were sacrificed at three months as compared to those sacrificed at one month (p<0.01). We also studied the ultrastructure of the retinal nerve cells and microvesseles by electron microscopy and demonstrated that the ultrastructure changes for retinal neural cells and @entity989 were observed in, as early as, the early stage of @entity6 . These findings indicate that: i). @entity989 and @entity455 occur in the early stage of @entity6 , ii). apoptosis may be an important mechanism through which @entity2479 is developed, and iii). both @entity2479 and @entity989 should be considered as the @entity6 .

title: Neuro-optic cell apoptosis and @entity455 in KKAY XXXX retina.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is a separate pathological entity, distinct from pure @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). @entity3821 is a true invasive @entity0 with a well-known metastatic potential. Currently, there is controversy regarding the indication for complete axillary dissection (CAD) to stage the axilla in @entity1 with @entity3821 . The role of CAD is questioned given its morbidity and reported low incidence of axillary involvement. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may obviate the need for CAD in these @entity1 without compromising the staging of the axilla and the important prognostic information. METHODS: From March 1996 to December 2002, 4602 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 underwent @entity4298 biopsy. Of these, 41 @entity1 with @entity3821 were selected. RESULTS: @entity3 in the @entity4298 were detected in 4 of 41 (9.7%) @entity1 . Two of the 4 @entity1 had only micrometastasis in the @entity4298 . In three @entity1 , the @entity4298 was the only positive node after CAD. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4298 biopsy should be considered as a standard procedure in @entity3821 @entity1 . SLNB can detect nodal micrometastasis and accurately stage the axilla avoiding the morbidity of a CAD. Complete AD may not be mandatory if only the @entity4298 contains micrometastatic disease. Informed consent is very important in the decision not to undergo CAD.

title: Sentinel lymph node @entity3 in microinvasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['DCISM', 'ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS', 'Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is a separate pathological entity, distinct from pure @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). @entity3821 is a true invasive @entity0 with a well-known metastatic potential. Currently, there is controversy regarding the indication for complete axillary dissection (CAD) to stage the axilla in @entity1 with @entity3821 . The role of CAD is questioned given its morbidity and reported low incidence of axillary involvement. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may obviate the need for CAD in these @entity1 without compromising the staging of the axilla and the important prognostic information. METHODS: From March 1996 to December 2002, 4602 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 underwent @entity4298 biopsy. Of these, 41 @entity1 with @entity3821 were selected. RESULTS: @entity3 in the @entity4298 were detected in 4 of 41 (9.7%) @entity1 . Two of the 4 @entity1 had only micrometastasis in the @entity4298 . In three @entity1 , the @entity4298 was the only positive node after CAD. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4298 biopsy should be considered as a standard procedure in @entity3821 @entity1 . SLNB can detect nodal micrometastasis and accurately stage the axilla avoiding the morbidity of a CAD. Complete AD may not be mandatory if only the @entity4298 contains micrometastatic disease. Informed consent is very important in the decision not to undergo CAD.

title: Sentinel lymph node XXXX in microinvasive @entity0 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curative resection does not always equate with long-term survival. The aim was to identify patterns and predictors of failure and independent factors of prognosis after curative resection. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 with @entity189 who underwent surgical intervention were reviewed. Fifty-nine @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cox regression analysis, log-rank test, Fisher exact test, or chi(2) test was used. RESULTS: No @entity1 died as a result of surgery; major complications occurred in three, and the 5-year survival rate after curative resection (n = 55) was 52.6%. Significant survival predictors were preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen level; gross @entity5 appearance; @entity5 , node, and @entity5 node @entity3 stage; and microscopic lymphatic vessel and venous invasion in the @entity5 . Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymphatic vessel invasion, @entity5 , and @entity5 node @entity3 stage were significant independent prognostic factors. No @entity1 experienced locoregional failure alone; all 24 relapsed @entity1 had distant failure, and six of them had both. The liver was the most frequent metastatic organ, followed by nodes, peritoneum, lung, and bone. The carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity1735 antigen levels and lymphatic vessel and venous invasion were significant predictors of distant failure, and the mean time to relapse was 13 (range, 0.7-33) months. CONCLUSIONS: Curative resection is associated with significant survival; however, effective systemic adjuvant therapy is needed to prevent distant failure for @entity1 with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity1735 antigen levels or positive lymphatic vessel or venous invasion. A 3-year follow-up period would be necessary to document relapses.

title: Patterns and predictors of failure after curative resections of XXXX of the ampulla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and complement activation represent key events in ischaemia-reperfusion-induced @entity8 leading to delayed graft function (DGF). It is still unclear whether the coagulation cascade may also influence the acquired immunity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of @entity8781 ( @entity8781 ), the main @entity556 receptor, by graft-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs), and to evaluate whether @entity556 may influence DCs complement production and T-cell response. METHODS: @entity8781 , @entity4897 , @entity2935 , @entity12867 , fibrin, C3c and @entity8428 protein expression were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Cultured DCs were obtained incubating monocytes (Ms) with @entity3646 and @entity2841 . DC maturation was obtained with @entity379 +sCD40L or with a cytokine cocktail ( @entity1356 , @entity310 , PGE2, @entity650 ). @entity8781 protein expression on cultured DC was evaluated by flow-cytometry. Complement receptors, C3, IL12/IL17p40 and @entity688 gene expression was evaluated by qPCR. T cell phenotype was evaluated by ELISPOT. @entity379 protein presence was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity8781 was expressed by infiltrating myeloid DCs in pre-transplant and in DGF biopsies. In DGF grafts, myeloid DCs localized within fibrin and @entity8428 deposits and expressed C3c. In vitro, @entity8781 protein expression was increased in monocyte-derived immature DCs and in cytokine-induced mature DCs compared to monocytes. @entity8781 activation caused a time-dependent increase in C3 and complement receptors expression. Moreover, @entity556 stimulation, while reducing @entity688 mRNA abundance, induced interleukin-12/IL-17 p40 gene expression, and promoted @entity4417 ability to increase interleukin-12/ @entity4155 mRNA abundance. These changes in the DCs' cytokine pattern influenced their ability to induce interferon-g production by T cells, suggesting the activation of a T helper-1 bias. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity8781 is expressed by DCs in DGF grafts and its activation may induce complement production and a Th1 bias. This observation suggests a potential pathogenic link between DGF and acquired allo-response leading to graft damage.

title: XXXX may modulate dendritic cells activation in kidney transplant recipients with delayed graft function.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['PAR1', 'protease-activated receptor 1', 'PAR-1']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stabilization of neuronal activity by homeostatic control systems is fundamental for proper functioning of neural circuits. @entity528 has been hypothesized to underlie common pathophysiological mechanisms in a variety of @entity75 . However, the key molecules regulating homeostasis in central @entity1 neural circuits remain obscure. Here, we show that selective inactivation of GABAB, but not GABAA, receptors impairs firing rate homeostasis by disrupting synaptic homeostatic plasticity in hippocampal networks. Pharmacological GABAB receptor (GABABR) blockade or genetic deletion of the GB1a receptor subunit disrupts homeostatic regulation of synaptic vesicle release. GABABRs mediate adaptive presynaptic enhancement to neuronal inactivity by two principle mechanisms: First, neuronal silencing promotes syntaxin-1 switch from a closed to an open conformation to accelerate soluble @entity8816 -sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly, and second, it boosts spike-evoked presynaptic @entity460 flux. In both cases, neuronal inactivity removes tonic block imposed by the presynaptic, GB1a-containing receptors on syntaxin-1 opening and @entity460 entry to enhance probability of vesicle fusion. We identified the GB1a intracellular domain essential for the presynaptic homeostatic response by tuning intermolecular interactions among the receptor, syntaxin-1, and the @entity12357 channel. The presynaptic adaptations were accompanied by scaling of excitatory quantal amplitude via the postsynaptic, GB1b-containing receptors. Thus, GABABRs sense chronic perturbations in @entity1246 levels and transduce it to homeostatic changes in synaptic strength. Our results reveal a novel role for GABABR as a key regulator of population firing stability and propose that disruption of homeostatic synaptic plasticity may underlie @entity410 's persistence in the absence of functional GABABRs.

title: GABAB receptor deficiency causes XXXX in hippocampal networks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Failure in neuronal homeostasis']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['failure of neuronal homeostasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: On sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early @entity3 , to gain high sensitivity and specificity, the sentinel nodes should be detected bilaterally and pathological diagnosis should be sensitive to detect micrometastasis. To improve these problems, we tried tissue rinse liquid-based cytology and the photodynamic eye. METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, 102 @entity1 with Stage @entity3846 uterine cervical @entity5 were subjected to sentinel lymph node navigation surgery with @entity1136 -99 m colloid and blue dye. For the recent 11 @entity1 with whom bilateral sentinel node detection was not available, the photodynamic eye was selectively examined. The detected sentinel node was cut along the minor axis into 2 mm slices, soaked in 10 ml CytoRich red and then subjected to tissue rinse liquid-based cytology at the time of surgery. RESULTS: With the accumulation of 102 @entity3846 @entity1 subjected to sentinel lymph node navigation surgery, the bilateral sentinel node detection rate was 67.7%. The photodynamic eye was examined for the recent 11 @entity1 who did not have bilateral signals. Out of the 11, 10 @entity1 obtained bilateral signals successfully. During the period of examining the photodynamic eye, a total of 34 @entity1 were subjected to sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. Thus, the overall bilateral detection rate increased to 97% in this subset. Two hundred and five lymph nodes were available as sentinel nodes. The sensitivity of tissue rinse liquid-based cytology was 91.7%, and the specificity was 100%. False positivity was 0% and false negativity was 8.3%. Detection failure was observed only with one micrometastasis and one case of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: Combination of photodynamic eye detection and tissue rinse liquid-based cytology pathology can be a promising method for more rewarding sentinel node detection.

title: Availability of tissue rinse liquid-based cytology for the rapid diagnosis of sentinel lymph node XXXX and improved bilateral detection by photodynamic eye camera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['Technetium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancers']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: The authors report their experience with the treatment of @entity6713 and circumferential mucosal rectal prolapse with the use of a mechanical suturing device, according to the Longo technique. Over the period from March 98 to December 2000, 106 @entity1 were treated with the above-mentioned procedure (100 @entity1 for haemorrhoids and 6 for circumferential prolapse). Twenty-one @entity1 had grade 4, 77 grade 3 and only 2 grade 2 disease. One hundred @entity1 were followed up over a median period of 16.5 months (for the group with haemorrhoids) and 19 months (for the prolapse group). In 81% of cases the procedure was one-day surgery. Mucohaemorrhoidectomy with a stapler was well tolerated in terms of severity of postoperative symptomatology: in 42% of the @entity1 operated on there was no need for any analgesic treatment. The time to return to work was 9.9 days for self-employed subjects and 15.6 days for the others. Refinement of the procedure and better @entity1 selection may improve the results achieved with this technique. Stapled haemorrhoidectomy may be regarded as a sound technique that should be part of the surgeon's armamentarium. We suggest an "eclectic" approach whereby the stapling procedure may be included among the possible therapeutic options, with a view to optimising the choice of therapy for each individual @entity1 .

title: [Our experience in the treatment of XXXX and circumferential mucosal rectal prolapse using Longo muco-prolapsectomy ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoid disease']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: Endothelins (ETs) participate directly and indirectly in angiogenesis via ET receptors. During early fetal angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors kinase insert domain-containing receptor (KDR) and fms-like @entity669 kinase-1 (Flt-1) are required for the development of the systemic vasculature. In late angiogenesis, stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF-1) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) act in an organ-specific manner to promote the formation and development of large blood vessels supplying the gastrointestinal tract. We studied the roles of these ligand receptors in angiogenesis during @entity2275 . We studied the following five groups, each consisting of ten cases of endoscopically confirmed gastric @entity1066 : active stage (GA), @entity5 ( @entity1412 ) of @entity2275 located in the angulus; @entity1534 (Hp)-positive @entity3621 (gast+); and Hp-negative @entity3621 (gast-). All cases in the @entity1066 groups were Hp-positive. The study materials consisted of frozen biopsy specimens of lesions arising in the angulus. ET-1 was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The other factors were assayed by reverse-transcription-PCR. The distributions of ET-1, ETA receptor (ETAR), SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the gastric mucosa were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. ET-1 and ETAR reached peak levels during the GH (ET: P<0.05, ETAR: P<0.01). VEGF mRNA increased slightly during the GA, but did not differ significantly among the groups. KDR and Flt-1 levels were high during the GA, the level being significantly higher than those during the GH and @entity1412 (P<0.05). SDF-1 levels significantly decreased during the GH and @entity1412 compared with levels during the GA, and CXCR4 significantly increased during the GH and @entity1412 (P<0.01). On immunostaining, ET-1-positive cells and ETAR-positive cells were found in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle and gastric epithelium, and CXCR4-positive cells were found in the endothelium and gastric epithelium during the GH and @entity1412 . Our results suggest that VEGF receptors are mainly expressed early in @entity1066 development and participate in the initial stage of angiogenesis. SDF-1 receptors and ETAR are primarily expressed during the GH and @entity1412 and are involved in vascular maturation and gastric mucosal regeneration during late angiogenesis.

title: Roles of angiogenic factors and endothelin-1 in gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['healing stage (GH) and scar stage']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'healing of gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer healing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1351 is a @entity563 protease that plays a critical role in fibrinolysis, which is a process that prevents @entity4461 from growing and becoming problematic. Recombinant @entity1 microplasminogen (rh @entity1351 ) is a derivative of @entity1351 that solely consists of the catalytic domain of @entity1 @entity1351 and lacks the five kringle domains found in the native protein. Developing an industrial production method that provides high yields of this protein with high purity, quality, and potency is critical for preclinical research. RESULTS: The @entity1 microplasminogen gene was cloned into the pPIC9K vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into @entity10101 . The concentration of @entity1351 reached 510.1  mg/L of culture medium. Under fermentation conditions, the yield of rh @entity1351 was 1.0  g/L. We purified rh @entity1351 to 96  % purity by gel-filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. The specific activity of rh @entity1351 reached 23.6 U/mg. The K m of substrate hydrolysis by recombinant @entity1 microplasmin was comparable to that of @entity1 @entity1351 , while rh Plm had higher k cat /Km values than @entity1351 . The high purity and activity of the rh @entity1351 obtained here will likely prove to be a valuable tool for studies of its application in @entity715 and @entity1715 . CONCLUSIONS: Reliable rh @entity1351 production (for use in therapeutic applications) is feasible using genetically modified @entity10056 as a host strain. The successful expression of rh @entity1351 in @entity10056 lays a solid foundation for its downstream application.

title: High-level expression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of truncated XXXX plasminogen (Lys531-Asn791) in the methylotrophic yeast @entity10056 .

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathies']

entities_list: @entity10101 :: ('644223', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris strain GS115']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1351 is a @entity563 protease that plays a critical role in fibrinolysis, which is a process that prevents @entity4461 from growing and becoming problematic. Recombinant @entity1 microplasminogen (rh @entity1351 ) is a derivative of @entity1351 that solely consists of the catalytic domain of @entity1 @entity1351 and lacks the five kringle domains found in the native protein. Developing an industrial production method that provides high yields of this protein with high purity, quality, and potency is critical for preclinical research. RESULTS: The @entity1 microplasminogen gene was cloned into the pPIC9K vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into @entity10101 . The concentration of @entity1351 reached 510.1  mg/L of culture medium. Under fermentation conditions, the yield of rh @entity1351 was 1.0  g/L. We purified rh @entity1351 to 96  % purity by gel-filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. The specific activity of rh @entity1351 reached 23.6 U/mg. The K m of substrate hydrolysis by recombinant @entity1 microplasmin was comparable to that of @entity1 @entity1351 , while rh Plm had higher k cat /Km values than @entity1351 . The high purity and activity of the rh @entity1351 obtained here will likely prove to be a valuable tool for studies of its application in @entity715 and @entity1715 . CONCLUSIONS: Reliable rh @entity1351 production (for use in therapeutic applications) is feasible using genetically modified @entity10056 as a host strain. The successful expression of rh @entity1351 in @entity10056 lays a solid foundation for its downstream application.

title: High-level expression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of truncated @entity1 plasminogen (Lys531-Asn791) in the methylotrophic yeast XXXX .

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two neonatal male @entity70566 ( @entity70566 ) littermates were submitted for necropsy examination. One animal was found dead with no prior signs of illness; the other had a brief history of laboured breathing. Post-mortem examination revealed disseminated @entity2878 . To further characterize the causative agent, @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ), immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplification and nucleic acid sequencing were performed. IHC was negative for @entity3204 and Neospora caninum, but was positive for a Sarcocystis spp. @entity1579 of cardiac muscle and lung revealed numerous intracellular apicomplexan protozoa within parasitophorous vacuoles. PCR and nucleic acid sequencing of partial 18S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region confirmed a Sarcocystis spp. that shared 99% sequence homology to Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis dasypi. This represents the first report of @entity37241 in @entity70566 . The histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular and ultrastructural findings are supportive of vertical transmission resulting in fatal disseminated disease.

title: Sarcocystis spp. Infection in two XXXX Cubs ( @entity70566 ).

entities_list: @entity37241 :: ('MESH:D012523', 'Disease') :: ['sarcocystosis']

entities_list: @entity2878 :: ('MESH:D020808', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal infection']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity70566 :: ('9649', 'Species') :: ['Ailurus fulgens', 'red pandas', 'red panda']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity70566 :: (9649,Species) :: ['Red Panda']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Two neonatal male @entity70566 ( @entity70566 ) littermates were submitted for necropsy examination. One animal was found dead with no prior signs of illness; the other had a brief history of laboured breathing. Post-mortem examination revealed disseminated @entity2878 . To further characterize the causative agent, @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ), immunohistochemistry (IHC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplification and nucleic acid sequencing were performed. IHC was negative for @entity3204 and Neospora caninum, but was positive for a Sarcocystis spp. @entity1579 of cardiac muscle and lung revealed numerous intracellular apicomplexan protozoa within parasitophorous vacuoles. PCR and nucleic acid sequencing of partial 18S rRNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region confirmed a Sarcocystis spp. that shared 99% sequence homology to Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis dasypi. This represents the first report of @entity37241 in @entity70566 . The histopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular and ultrastructural findings are supportive of vertical transmission resulting in fatal disseminated disease.

title: Sarcocystis spp. Infection in two @entity70566 Cubs ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity70566 :: (9649,Species) :: ['Ailurus fulgens']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and laboratory profile, follow-up, and outcome of a series of cases of acute @entity1800 . METHOD: A retrospective analysis of suspected cases under observation in the emergency department was performed, including outpatient follow-up with the recording of @entity1729 and musculoskeletal symptoms, measurement of muscle enzymes, @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases ( @entity6571 and ALT), blood count, @entity1851 , and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute phase and during follow-up until normalization. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2009, 42 suspected cases were identified and 35 (27 @entity1 ) were included. The median age was 7 years and the diagnosis was reported in 89% in the first emergency visit. The observed respiratory symptoms were cough (31%), @entity5254 (23%), and @entity221 (63%), with a mean duration of 4.3 days. Musculoskeletal symptoms were @entity158 in the @entity291 (80%), limited ambulation (57%), gait abnormality (40%), and @entity425 in the lower limbs (71%), with a mean duration of 3.6 days. There was significant increase in CPK enzymes (5507  9180U/L), LDH (827  598U/L), and @entity6571 (199  245U/L), with a tendency to @entity1431 (4590  1420) leukocytes/mm(3). The complete recovery of laboratory parameters was observed in 30 days (median), and laboratory and clinical recurrence was documented in one case after 10 months. CONCLUSION: Typical symptoms with increased muscle enzymes after diagnosis of @entity683 and self-limited course of the disease were the clues to the diagnosis. The increase in muscle enzymes indicate transient myotropic activity related to seasonal @entity683 , which should be considered, regardless of the viral identification, possibly associated with @entity683 virus or other respiratory viruses.

title: Clinical and laboratory description of a series of cases of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral myositis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral myositis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy is a protective and life-sustaining process in which cytoplasmic components are packaged into double-membrane vesicles and targeted to lysosomes for degradation. This process of cellular self-digestion is an essential stress response and is cytoprotective by removing damaged organelles and proteins that threaten the cell's survival. Key outcomes include energy generation and recycling of metabolic precursors. In the immune system, autophagy regulates processes such as antigen uptake and presentation, removal of pathogens, survival of short- and long-lived immune cells, and cytokine-dependent @entity32 . In all cases, a window of optimal autophagic activity appears critical to balance catabolic, reparative, and @entity32 -inducing processes. Dysregulation of autophagosome formation and autophagic flux can have deleterious consequences, ranging from a failure to "clean house" to the induction of autophagy-induced cell death. Abnormalities in the autophagic pathway have been implicated in numerous @entity792 . Genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in autophagy-related genes with predisposition for tissue-destructive inflammatory disease, specifically in @entity29 and @entity1252 . Although the precise mechanisms by which dysfunctional autophagy renders the host susceptible to @entity32 remain unclear, autophagy's role in regulating the long-term survival of adaptive immune cells has recently surfaced as a defect in @entity15 and @entity309 . Efforts are underway to identify autophagy-inducing and autophagy-suppressing pharmacologic interventions that can be added to immunosuppressive therapy to improve outcomes of @entity1 with @entity792 .

title: Autophagy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'continuous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: A low expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor @entity993 is associated with high @entity146 and poor prognosis of @entity189 . @entity1 @entity29331 ( @entity29331 ), as well as @entity20127 ( @entity20127 ), is an essential and specific factor in the @entity993 proteolysis by @entity6826 ( @entity20127 ) ubiquitin ligase. The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinical significance of @entity29331 expression and the relationship between @entity29331 and @entity993 expression in @entity356 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We measured @entity29331 expression using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in 76 @entity1 @entity356 and @entity993 expression using immunohistochemistry in 28 cases. Moreover, we established @entity29331 - and/or @entity20127 -transfected @entity356 cell lines and assessed the relationship between @entity29331 , @entity20127 , and @entity993 expression using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity29331 high expression was correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05) and @entity29331 expression was inversely correlated with the expression level of @entity993 protein in @entity356 (P < 0.05). Using combined @entity20127 data [T-a. Masuda, @entity5 Res., 62: 3819-3825, 2002], 88.9% of the @entity29331 / @entity20127 double-high cases expressed a low level of @entity993 protein and showed the poorest prognosis (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that @entity29331 / @entity20127 -cotransfected cells expressed a much lower level of @entity993 protein than the controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity29331 , as well as @entity20127 , regulates the expression level of @entity993 protein in @entity356 . @entity29331 could play an important role in @entity356 progression and would be a novel target for the treatment of @entity356 as well as a strong prognostic marker.

title: Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 gene expression is associated with poor prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20127 :: ('6502', 'Gene') :: ['Skp2', 'S-phase kinase-associated protein 2']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['various carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: We used @entity1492 from an H2-K/V-JUN transgenic @entity19 to derive a series of three immortal cell lines (JUN-1, -2, and -3). The cell lines exhibit strikingly different behavior regarding phenotype transformation. Features examined include contact inhibition and density limitation of growth, proliferation, @entity3 , motility, and organization of the microfilament system. Overall, JUN-2 and JUN-3 represent extreme phenotypes, with JUN-2 having a phenotype indicative of low-level cellular transformation and JUN-3 meeting all the criteria of the transformed phenotype. JUN-1 cells can also be regarded as transformed, but to a lesser extent than JUN-3. Their phenotype is in the majority of characteristics intermediary between JUN-2 and JUN-3. The transformation status is inversely related to the expression of the V-JUN transgene, which is the highest in JUN-2, lower in JUN-1 and very low in JUN-3. This might be related to the MHC class I promoter driving its expression and to the general observation of repression of MHC class I genes coupled with cellular transformation. Based on this premise, we present a model of H2-K/V-JUN-mediated tumorigenesis, in which v-jun-conditioned transformation represents merely an initial phase of tumorigenesis. Later during @entity5 progression, additional oncogenes are activated and/or @entity5 suppressor genes inactivated, leading on the one hand to further exacerbation of the transformed phenotype, and on the other hand to the repression of the H2-K/V-JUN transgene (fixed in JUN-3). We believe that the system of JUN cell lines can be valuable for further molecular analysis of transformation-related traits.

title: Establishment and characterization of clonal cell lines derived from a XXXX of the H2-K/V-JUN transgenic @entity19 . A model of H2-K/V-JUN mediated tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasiveness']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: We used @entity1492 from an H2-K/V-JUN transgenic @entity19 to derive a series of three immortal cell lines (JUN-1, -2, and -3). The cell lines exhibit strikingly different behavior regarding phenotype transformation. Features examined include contact inhibition and density limitation of growth, proliferation, @entity3 , motility, and organization of the microfilament system. Overall, JUN-2 and JUN-3 represent extreme phenotypes, with JUN-2 having a phenotype indicative of low-level cellular transformation and JUN-3 meeting all the criteria of the transformed phenotype. JUN-1 cells can also be regarded as transformed, but to a lesser extent than JUN-3. Their phenotype is in the majority of characteristics intermediary between JUN-2 and JUN-3. The transformation status is inversely related to the expression of the V-JUN transgene, which is the highest in JUN-2, lower in JUN-1 and very low in JUN-3. This might be related to the MHC class I promoter driving its expression and to the general observation of repression of MHC class I genes coupled with cellular transformation. Based on this premise, we present a model of H2-K/V-JUN-mediated tumorigenesis, in which v-jun-conditioned transformation represents merely an initial phase of tumorigenesis. Later during @entity5 progression, additional oncogenes are activated and/or @entity5 suppressor genes inactivated, leading on the one hand to further exacerbation of the transformed phenotype, and on the other hand to the repression of the H2-K/V-JUN transgene (fixed in JUN-3). We believe that the system of JUN cell lines can be valuable for further molecular analysis of transformation-related traits.

title: Establishment and characterization of clonal cell lines derived from a @entity1492 of the H2-K/V-JUN transgenic XXXX . A model of H2-K/V-JUN mediated tumorigenesis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-related loss of functional muscle mass is associated with reduced functional ability and life expectancy. In disseminated @entity5 , age-related @entity121 may be exacerbated by @entity3085 and poor nutritional intake, increasing functional decline, morbidity and accelerate death. @entity1 with spinal metastases frequently present for decompressive surgery with decision to operate based upon functional assessment. A subjective assessment of physical performance has, however, been shown to be a poor indicator of life expectancy in these @entity1 . We aimed to develop an objective measure based upon lean muscle mass to aid decision making, in these individuals, by investigating the association between muscle mass and 1-year survival. METHODS: Muscle mass was calculated as total psoas area (TPA)/ vertebral body area (VBA), by two independent blinded doctors from CT images, acquired within 7  days of spinal metastases surgery, at the mid L3 vertebral level. Outcome at 1  year following surgery was recorded from a prospectively updated metastatic @entity1745 database. RESULTS: 86 @entity1 were followed for 1  year, with an overall mortality of 39.5  %. Mortality rates at 1  year were significantly high among @entity1 in the lowest quartile of muscle mass, compared with those in the highest quartile (57.1 vs 23.8  %, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSION: Death within 1  year in individuals with spinal metastases is related to lean muscle mass at presentation. Assessment of lean muscle mass may inform decision to operate in @entity1 with spinal metastases.

title: Study investigating the role of skeletal muscle mass estimation in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of XXXX and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity10242 :: (5894,Gene) :: ['Raf-1']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and XXXX through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27Kip1']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of XXXX and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-Myc']