abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this analysis was to implement a claims-based algorithm to estimate biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 for biologics approved for moderate to severe @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: This retrospective analysis included commercially insured adults (aged 18-63 years) with @entity309 in a commercial database, who initiated biologic treatment with abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab between 2007 and 2010. The algorithm defined effectiveness as having all of the following: high adherence, no biologic dose increase, no biologic switching, no new nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, no increased or new oral glucocorticoid use, and no more than 1 glucocorticoid injection. For each biologic, cost per effectively treated @entity1 was defined as total drug and administration costs (from allowed amounts on claims), divided by the number of @entity1 categorized as effectively treated. FINDINGS: Of 15,351 @entity1 , 12,018 (78.3%) were @entity1 , and the mean (SD) age was 49.7 (9.6) years. The algorithm categorized treatment as effective in the first year for 30% (1899/6374) of etanercept, 30% (1396/4661) of adalimumab, 20% (560/2765) of infliximab, 27% (361/1338) of abatacept, and 29% (62/213) of golimumab treated @entity1 . The 1-year biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 , as defined by the algorithm, was nominally lower for subcutaneously injected biologics than for infused biologics. The 1-year biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 , as defined by the algorithm, was lowest for etanercept ( 49,952), followed by golimumab ( 50,189), adalimumab ( 52,858), abatacept ( 71,866), and infliximab ( 104,333). IMPLICATIONS: Algorithm-defined effectiveness was similar for biologics other than infliximab. The 1-year biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 , as defined by the algorithm, was nominally lower for subcutaneously injected biologics than for infused biologics.

title: Estimating effectiveness and cost of biologics for XXXX : application of a validated algorithm to commercial insurance claims.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Purpose: In the last decades, new evidences supported the relationship polymorphisms and the susceptibility to develop ligament and @entity1796 . We performed a review of the genetic factors involved in tendon and @entity130 . Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature using the terms "sports", "ligaments", "injuries", "tendon" and "genetics". A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar databases was performed over the years 1984-2014. Results: The genes currently associated with tendon and @entity130 include gene encoding for collagen, tenascin, matrix metallopeptidase, and growth factors. Conclusions: Tendon and @entity130 do not have a single genetic cause. They are associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors. Although @entity74 often cluster in families, they do not have a clear-cut pattern of inheritance. This makes it difficult to determine a @entity1 's risk of inheriting or passing on these disorders. @entity74 are also difficult to study and treat because the specific factors that cause most of these disorders have not yet been identified. Researchers continue to look for major contributing genes for @entity74 .

title: Unravelling the Genetic Susceptibility to Develop Ligament and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['many common complex disorders', 'complex disorders', 'Complex disorders']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['Tendon Injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) are common diseases with a vast number of acquired and congenital risk factors. @entity4977 are not established risk factors for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) so far. However, in recent literature, associations between @entity1211 and the @entity209 , especially with elevated lipid parameters, have been described. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the extension of @entity1211 and changes in the lipid profile. METHODS: We included 178 @entity1211 @entity1 in our study; 59 @entity1 had isolated @entity1151 , 39 @entity1 had isolated @entity1150 of the leg and 80 @entity1 had both ( @entity1150 and @entity1151 ). Concerning @entity1151 , we distinguished between massive and submassive @entity1151 . We evaluated plasma lipids and lipoproteins in @entity1151 and @entity1150 @entity1 as well as in massive and submassive @entity1151 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1151 @entity1 had higher levels of plasma @entity1674 [median (interquartile range): 162 (109-254) vs. 136.5 (96.5-162) mg/dl, p = 0.047] and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C; 52.1    17.2 vs. 63.9    22.7 mg/dl, p = 0.004) than @entity1150 @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity1151 @entity1 were significantly older than @entity1150 @entity1 (59.6    16.9 vs. 52.2    15.5 years, p = 0.02). We were not able to find differences in lipid parameters in @entity1 with massive @entity1151 compared to those with submassive @entity1151 . However, @entity1 with massive @entity1151 were more @entity28 than @entity1 with submassive @entity1151 (body mass index 29.1    4.6 vs. 26.9    4.9, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Lipid parameters and lipoproteins differ between @entity1150 and @entity1151 @entity1 . @entity1151 @entity1 had higher @entity412 and lower HDL-C levels compared with @entity1150 @entity1 .

title: Changes in lipid metabolism and extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of the lipid metabolism']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances, such as @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and excessive @entity25 , are more common in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) than in the general population. Apart from that, their relation to @entity191 seems to diverge considerably. Our aim was to explore the frequency and associated motor- and non-motor features of @entity25 in @entity191 . METHODS: One hundred and seven @entity1 with @entity191 , 65 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 , were included in a cross-sectional study. Excessive @entity25 was examined by the @entity25 scale. Probable @entity11755 (pRBD) was diagnosed by the validated @entity11755 screening questionnaire. Further sleep symptoms were explored by the @entity191 sleep scale. Motor- and non-motor symptoms were assessed and compared in @entity1 with and without pRBD and excessive @entity25 , respectively. RESULTS: pRBD was present in 38% and excessive @entity25 was present in 29% of the @entity1 . As opposed to excessive @entity25 , pRBD showed no association to disease duration or severity. @entity191 @entity1 with pRBD reported more @entity73 . There was a trend towards more @entity5433 in @entity1 with pRBD. @entity2183 and @entity1949 were the most frequent general @entity25 reported by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that excessive @entity25 is related to disease duration, and possibly caused by progressive @entity179 . pRBD seems to be a distinct feature present in only a proportion of @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Clinical features associated with XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep behavior disorder', 'RBD']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness', 'sleep problems', 'sleep related symptoms']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbances']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances, such as @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and excessive @entity25 , are more common in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) than in the general population. Apart from that, their relation to @entity191 seems to diverge considerably. Our aim was to explore the frequency and associated motor- and non-motor features of @entity25 in @entity191 . METHODS: One hundred and seven @entity1 with @entity191 , 65 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 , were included in a cross-sectional study. Excessive @entity25 was examined by the @entity25 scale. Probable @entity11755 (pRBD) was diagnosed by the validated @entity11755 screening questionnaire. Further sleep symptoms were explored by the @entity191 sleep scale. Motor- and non-motor symptoms were assessed and compared in @entity1 with and without pRBD and excessive @entity25 , respectively. RESULTS: pRBD was present in 38% and excessive @entity25 was present in 29% of the @entity1 . As opposed to excessive @entity25 , pRBD showed no association to disease duration or severity. @entity191 @entity1 with pRBD reported more @entity73 . There was a trend towards more @entity5433 in @entity1 with pRBD. @entity2183 and @entity1949 were the most frequent general @entity25 reported by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that excessive @entity25 is related to disease duration, and possibly caused by progressive @entity179 . pRBD seems to be a distinct feature present in only a proportion of @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Clinical features associated with @entity25 in XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Broad @entity51 have been consistently demonstrated in well-established @entity162 . The aim of the current study was to systematically review neuropsychological studies in first-episode @entity162 to determine the breadth, extent and predictors of @entity73 at this early stage of illness through meta-analytic procedures. Electronic databases were searched for studies published between January 1980 and December 2013. Twelve studies met eligibility criteria (N  =  341, mean age  =  28.2 years), and pooled effect sizes (ES) were calculated across eight cognitive domains. Moderator analyses were conducted to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity. Controlling for known confounds, medium to large deficits (ES  >=   0.5) in psychomotor speed, @entity2414 , and @entity73 were identified, whereas @entity51 (ES 0.20-0.49) were found in the domains of verbal learning and memory, attentional switching, and verbal fluency. A medium to large deficit in response inhibition was only detected in non-euthymic cases. Visual learning and memory functioning was not significantly worse in cases compared with controls. Overall, first-episode @entity162 are associated with widespread @entity73 . Since euthymia was not associated with superior cognitive performance in most domains, these results indicate that even in the earliest stages of disease, @entity73 are not mood-state dependent. The current findings have important implications for whether @entity73 represent @entity179 . Future studies need to more clearly characterise the presence of @entity716 features, and the nature and number of previous mood episodes.

title: A meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['smaller deficits', 'neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative processes']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['attention and working memory']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity405 + T cell exhaustion commonly occurs in @entity5 . During T cell exhaustion there is a progressive and hierarchical loss of effector cytokine production, up-regulation of inhibitory co-stimulatory molecules, and eventual deletion of antigen specific cells by apoptosis. A key factor that regulates T cell exhaustion is persistent TCR stimulation. Loss of this interaction results in restoration of @entity405 + T cell effector functions in previously exhausted @entity405 + T cells. TCR stimulation is also important for the differentiation of Eomeshi anti-viral @entity405 + effector T cells from T-bethi precursors, both of which are required for optimal viral control. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of these two cell subsets and the relative ratios required for viral clearance have not been described. We show that TCR signal strength regulates the relative expression of @entity10071 and @entity15636 in antigen-specific @entity405 + T cells by modulating levels of @entity20630 . Reduced @entity20630 expression results in skewing of this ratio in the favor of @entity15636 , leading to lower proportions and numbers of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and poor control of @entity57265 -clone 13 @entity281 . Manipulation of this ratio in the favor of @entity10071 restores the differentiation of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and the protective balance of @entity10071 to @entity15636 required for efficient viral control. These data highlight a critical role for @entity20630 in regulating protective anti-viral @entity405 + T cell responses by ensuring a balanced ratio of @entity10071 to @entity15636 , leading to the ultimate control of this chronic @entity1800 .

title: XXXX Regulates the Ratio of @entity10071 to Eomesodermin in @entity405 + T Cells Responding to Persistent @entity57265 Infection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections and cancers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity20630 :: (3662,Gene) :: ['IRF4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity405 + T cell exhaustion commonly occurs in @entity5 . During T cell exhaustion there is a progressive and hierarchical loss of effector cytokine production, up-regulation of inhibitory co-stimulatory molecules, and eventual deletion of antigen specific cells by apoptosis. A key factor that regulates T cell exhaustion is persistent TCR stimulation. Loss of this interaction results in restoration of @entity405 + T cell effector functions in previously exhausted @entity405 + T cells. TCR stimulation is also important for the differentiation of Eomeshi anti-viral @entity405 + effector T cells from T-bethi precursors, both of which are required for optimal viral control. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of these two cell subsets and the relative ratios required for viral clearance have not been described. We show that TCR signal strength regulates the relative expression of @entity10071 and @entity15636 in antigen-specific @entity405 + T cells by modulating levels of @entity20630 . Reduced @entity20630 expression results in skewing of this ratio in the favor of @entity15636 , leading to lower proportions and numbers of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and poor control of @entity57265 -clone 13 @entity281 . Manipulation of this ratio in the favor of @entity10071 restores the differentiation of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and the protective balance of @entity10071 to @entity15636 required for efficient viral control. These data highlight a critical role for @entity20630 in regulating protective anti-viral @entity405 + T cell responses by ensuring a balanced ratio of @entity10071 to @entity15636 , leading to the ultimate control of this chronic @entity1800 .

title: @entity20630 Regulates the Ratio of @entity10071 to Eomesodermin in @entity405 + T Cells Responding to Persistent XXXX Infection.

answer: @entity57265 :: (11623,Species) :: ['LCMV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity405 + T cell exhaustion commonly occurs in @entity5 . During T cell exhaustion there is a progressive and hierarchical loss of effector cytokine production, up-regulation of inhibitory co-stimulatory molecules, and eventual deletion of antigen specific cells by apoptosis. A key factor that regulates T cell exhaustion is persistent TCR stimulation. Loss of this interaction results in restoration of @entity405 + T cell effector functions in previously exhausted @entity405 + T cells. TCR stimulation is also important for the differentiation of Eomeshi anti-viral @entity405 + effector T cells from T-bethi precursors, both of which are required for optimal viral control. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of these two cell subsets and the relative ratios required for viral clearance have not been described. We show that TCR signal strength regulates the relative expression of @entity10071 and @entity15636 in antigen-specific @entity405 + T cells by modulating levels of @entity20630 . Reduced @entity20630 expression results in skewing of this ratio in the favor of @entity15636 , leading to lower proportions and numbers of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and poor control of @entity57265 -clone 13 @entity281 . Manipulation of this ratio in the favor of @entity10071 restores the differentiation of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and the protective balance of @entity10071 to @entity15636 required for efficient viral control. These data highlight a critical role for @entity20630 in regulating protective anti-viral @entity405 + T cell responses by ensuring a balanced ratio of @entity10071 to @entity15636 , leading to the ultimate control of this chronic @entity1800 .

title: @entity20630 Regulates the Ratio of XXXX to Eomesodermin in @entity405 + T Cells Responding to Persistent @entity57265 Infection.

answer: @entity10071 :: (30009,Gene) :: ['T-Bet']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity405 + T cell exhaustion commonly occurs in @entity5 . During T cell exhaustion there is a progressive and hierarchical loss of effector cytokine production, up-regulation of inhibitory co-stimulatory molecules, and eventual deletion of antigen specific cells by apoptosis. A key factor that regulates T cell exhaustion is persistent TCR stimulation. Loss of this interaction results in restoration of @entity405 + T cell effector functions in previously exhausted @entity405 + T cells. TCR stimulation is also important for the differentiation of Eomeshi anti-viral @entity405 + effector T cells from T-bethi precursors, both of which are required for optimal viral control. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation of these two cell subsets and the relative ratios required for viral clearance have not been described. We show that TCR signal strength regulates the relative expression of @entity10071 and @entity15636 in antigen-specific @entity405 + T cells by modulating levels of @entity20630 . Reduced @entity20630 expression results in skewing of this ratio in the favor of @entity15636 , leading to lower proportions and numbers of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and poor control of @entity57265 -clone 13 @entity281 . Manipulation of this ratio in the favor of @entity10071 restores the differentiation of @entity10071 + @entity15636 - precursors and the protective balance of @entity10071 to @entity15636 required for efficient viral control. These data highlight a critical role for @entity20630 in regulating protective anti-viral @entity405 + T cell responses by ensuring a balanced ratio of @entity10071 to @entity15636 , leading to the ultimate control of this chronic @entity1800 .

title: @entity20630 Regulates the Ratio of @entity10071 to Eomesodermin in XXXX + T Cells Responding to Persistent @entity57265 Infection.

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elderly @entity101 @entity1 are characterized by blood pressure (BP) variability, impaired autonomic function, and vascular @entity409 and stiffness. However, the mechanisms causing these conditions are unclear. The present study examined the effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on aged spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: We surgically implanted telemetry devices in SHR and WKY at the age of 15 weeks (Young) and 80 weeks (Aged). Aged SHR were orally administered either @entity9885 or @entity917 once daily at 19:00  h (at the beginning of the dark period (active phase)) for 4 weeks to examine the effects on BP variability, impaired autonomic function, and vascular senescence. RESULTS: Aging and @entity101 in SHR additively caused the following: increased low frequency (LF) power of systolic BP, a decreased spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG), increased BP variability, increased urinary @entity1063 excretion, increased vascular senescence-related beta-galactosidase positive cells and oxidative stress. Treatment with @entity9885 or @entity917 significantly ameliorated these changes in aged SHR. However, @entity9885 ameliorated these changes in aged SHR better than @entity917 . The reductions in BP caused by @entity9885 in aged SHR were sustained longer than reductions by @entity917 . This result indicates longer-lasting inhibition of the AT1 receptor by @entity9885 than by @entity917 . CONCLUSION: ARBs ameliorated @entity5433 , BP variability, and vascular senescence in aged SHR. @entity9885 ameliorated the aging-related disorders better than @entity917 and was associated with longer-lasting AT1 receptor inhibition by @entity9885 . Thus, the magnitude of improvement of these aging-related abnormalities differs for ARBs.

title: Blood pressure variability, impaired autonomic function and vascular senescence in aged spontaneously XXXX @entity35 are ameliorated by angiotensin blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan', 'Olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elderly @entity101 @entity1 are characterized by blood pressure (BP) variability, impaired autonomic function, and vascular @entity409 and stiffness. However, the mechanisms causing these conditions are unclear. The present study examined the effect of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on aged spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: We surgically implanted telemetry devices in SHR and WKY at the age of 15 weeks (Young) and 80 weeks (Aged). Aged SHR were orally administered either @entity9885 or @entity917 once daily at 19:00  h (at the beginning of the dark period (active phase)) for 4 weeks to examine the effects on BP variability, impaired autonomic function, and vascular senescence. RESULTS: Aging and @entity101 in SHR additively caused the following: increased low frequency (LF) power of systolic BP, a decreased spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG), increased BP variability, increased urinary @entity1063 excretion, increased vascular senescence-related beta-galactosidase positive cells and oxidative stress. Treatment with @entity9885 or @entity917 significantly ameliorated these changes in aged SHR. However, @entity9885 ameliorated these changes in aged SHR better than @entity917 . The reductions in BP caused by @entity9885 in aged SHR were sustained longer than reductions by @entity917 . This result indicates longer-lasting inhibition of the AT1 receptor by @entity9885 than by @entity917 . CONCLUSION: ARBs ameliorated @entity5433 , BP variability, and vascular senescence in aged SHR. @entity9885 ameliorated the aging-related disorders better than @entity917 and was associated with longer-lasting AT1 receptor inhibition by @entity9885 . Thus, the magnitude of improvement of these aging-related abnormalities differs for ARBs.

title: Blood pressure variability, impaired autonomic function and vascular senescence in aged spontaneously @entity101 XXXX are ameliorated by angiotensin blockade.

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1243 is critical for reproductive endocrinology. The aim of this study is to assess the expression patterns of @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) during ovarian follicle development and to reveal the mechanism by which @entity1243 affects @entity134 hormone secretion in goose granulosa cells. Transcripts of @entity13156 were ubiquitous in all tested tissues, with pituitary and adrenal glands being the predominant sites. Goose ovarian follicles were divided into several groups by diameter including prehierarchical (4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10 mm) and hierarchical (F5-F1) follicles. @entity13156 gene expression was significantly higher in granulosa cells than in theca cells from follicles of 4 to 8 mm in diameter. Expression of @entity13156 in granulosa cells decreased gradually as follicles developed, with fluctuating expression in F5 and F3 follicles. @entity13156 mRNA in theca cells underwent a slight decrease from the 6- to 8-mm cohorts to F5 follicle and then exhibited a transient increase and declined later. In vitro experiments in cultured goose granulosa cells showed that @entity53 release was significantly stimulated, whereas @entity1420 increased slightly and @entity251 decreased dramatically after @entity1243 treatment. In accordance with the data for @entity230 , expression of @entity13156 , @entity21434 , @entity61870 , @entity624 , and @entity4819 were induced by the addition of @entity1243 , and the concomitant changes in @entity70810 , @entity9150 , @entity5986 , 17b-hsd, @entity9667 , and 3b-hsd gene expression were seen. These results suggested that @entity1243 is involved in the development of goose ovarian follicles, and @entity1243 's effect on @entity134 hormone secretion could be due to altered @entity5068 /steroidogenic gene expression via interaction with its receptor.

title: Role of @entity1243 in the regulation of @entity5068 / XXXX biosynthesis in goose granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity13156 :: ('3953', 'Gene') :: ['Lepr', 'leptin receptor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity1243 is critical for reproductive endocrinology. The aim of this study is to assess the expression patterns of @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) during ovarian follicle development and to reveal the mechanism by which @entity1243 affects @entity134 hormone secretion in goose granulosa cells. Transcripts of @entity13156 were ubiquitous in all tested tissues, with pituitary and adrenal glands being the predominant sites. Goose ovarian follicles were divided into several groups by diameter including prehierarchical (4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10 mm) and hierarchical (F5-F1) follicles. @entity13156 gene expression was significantly higher in granulosa cells than in theca cells from follicles of 4 to 8 mm in diameter. Expression of @entity13156 in granulosa cells decreased gradually as follicles developed, with fluctuating expression in F5 and F3 follicles. @entity13156 mRNA in theca cells underwent a slight decrease from the 6- to 8-mm cohorts to F5 follicle and then exhibited a transient increase and declined later. In vitro experiments in cultured goose granulosa cells showed that @entity53 release was significantly stimulated, whereas @entity1420 increased slightly and @entity251 decreased dramatically after @entity1243 treatment. In accordance with the data for @entity230 , expression of @entity13156 , @entity21434 , @entity61870 , @entity624 , and @entity4819 were induced by the addition of @entity1243 , and the concomitant changes in @entity70810 , @entity9150 , @entity5986 , 17b-hsd, @entity9667 , and 3b-hsd gene expression were seen. These results suggested that @entity1243 is involved in the development of goose ovarian follicles, and @entity1243 's effect on @entity134 hormone secretion could be due to altered @entity5068 /steroidogenic gene expression via interaction with its receptor.

title: Role of @entity1243 in the regulation of XXXX / @entity134 biosynthesis in goose granulosa cells.

answer: @entity5068 :: (CHEBI:15889,Chemical) :: ['sterol']


abstract: @entity1243 is critical for reproductive endocrinology. The aim of this study is to assess the expression patterns of @entity13156 ( @entity13156 ) during ovarian follicle development and to reveal the mechanism by which @entity1243 affects @entity134 hormone secretion in goose granulosa cells. Transcripts of @entity13156 were ubiquitous in all tested tissues, with pituitary and adrenal glands being the predominant sites. Goose ovarian follicles were divided into several groups by diameter including prehierarchical (4 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10 mm) and hierarchical (F5-F1) follicles. @entity13156 gene expression was significantly higher in granulosa cells than in theca cells from follicles of 4 to 8 mm in diameter. Expression of @entity13156 in granulosa cells decreased gradually as follicles developed, with fluctuating expression in F5 and F3 follicles. @entity13156 mRNA in theca cells underwent a slight decrease from the 6- to 8-mm cohorts to F5 follicle and then exhibited a transient increase and declined later. In vitro experiments in cultured goose granulosa cells showed that @entity53 release was significantly stimulated, whereas @entity1420 increased slightly and @entity251 decreased dramatically after @entity1243 treatment. In accordance with the data for @entity230 , expression of @entity13156 , @entity21434 , @entity61870 , @entity624 , and @entity4819 were induced by the addition of @entity1243 , and the concomitant changes in @entity70810 , @entity9150 , @entity5986 , 17b-hsd, @entity9667 , and 3b-hsd gene expression were seen. These results suggested that @entity1243 is involved in the development of goose ovarian follicles, and @entity1243 's effect on @entity134 hormone secretion could be due to altered @entity5068 /steroidogenic gene expression via interaction with its receptor.

title: Role of XXXX in the regulation of @entity5068 / @entity134 biosynthesis in goose granulosa cells.

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of @entity337 (ARR) complicating BAV. BACKGROUND: In the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) era, there is an increase of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) procedures with different indications. METHODS: From the prospective BAV registry of the University of Bologna, which has enrolled @entity1 between the year 2000 and the present, we selected those who suffered intraprocedural AAR with overt hemodynamic instability. Worsening of baseline @entity337 without hemodynamic collapse, treatment of degenerated biological valve prosthesis, and BAV performed within a planned TAVI procedure were excluded. The main endpoints were in-hospital and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Out of 1517 BAVs, we identified 26 cases of AAR (1.7%). This complication occurred in 80.8% of cases after one or two balloon inflations. Mean transaortic gradient decreased from 50.6      19.3 to 26.0      14.4 mm  Hg (p  <  0.01). In 8(30.8%) @entity1 , AAR spontaneously resolved within few minutes; in 18 cases, the operators had to perform a rescue maneuver to reposition a valve leaflet got stuck in the opening position (this maneuver was successful in 13/18 of the cases, 72.2%). Out of 5 persistent AAR, 3 were managed with emergency TAVI or surgery, while 2 were unresolved. In-hospital mortality was 15.4% (n  =  4), whereas no more @entity204 occurred up to 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: AAR is a fearsome complication of BAV and portends a grim prognosis. In some cases, it can be resolved with appropriate technical maneuvers; in others, a rescue TAVI or surgical valve replacement may be necessary.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Incidence, treatment, and outcome of acute XXXX complicating percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty.

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: WHO guidelines advocate breastfeeding for 6 months, and EAACI guideline recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months. However, evidence for breastfeeding to prevent @entity565 and @entity56 is conflicting. We examined whether following recommended breastfeeding guidelines alters the long-term risks of @entity565 , @entity484 , @entity2490 or @entity402 . METHODS: The effect of nonexclusive (0, >0-6, >6 months) and exclusive breastfeeding (0, >0-4, >4 months) on repeated measures of @entity565 (10, 18 years), @entity484 , @entity2490 , and @entity402 (1-or-2, 4, 10, 18 years) risks was estimated in the IoW cohort (n = 1456) using log-linear models with generalized estimating equations. The Food Allergy and Intolerance Research (FAIR) cohort (n = 988), also from the IoW, was examined to replicate results. RESULTS: Breastfeeding (any or exclusive) had no effect on @entity565 and @entity56 in the IoW cohort. In the FAIR cohort, any breastfeeding for >0-6 months protected against @entity565 at 10 years (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.79, P = 0.003), but not other outcomes, whilst exclusive breastfeeding for >4 months protected against repeated @entity2490 (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.71, P = 0.003). Longer breastfeeding was protective against late-onset wheeze in the IoW cohort. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of nonexclusive and exclusive breastfeeding against long-term allergic outcomes were inconsistent between these colocated cohorts, agreeing with previous observations of heterogeneous effects. Although breastfeeding should be recommended for other health benefits, following breastfeeding guidelines did not appear to afford a consistent protection against long-term @entity565 , @entity484 , @entity2490 or @entity402 . Further research is needed into the long-term effects of breastfeeding on @entity56 .

title: Evaluating the efficacy of breastfeeding guidelines on long-term outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction @entity1 undergoing the Norwood operation consume considerable healthcare resources; however, detailed information regarding factors impacting hospitalisation costs is lacking. We evaluated the association of @entity260 with hospital costs. METHODS: In the present study, we utilised a unique data set consisting of prospectively collected clinical data from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial linked at the @entity1 level with cost data for 10 hospitals participating in the @entity1 's Hospital Association Case Mix database during the trial period. The relationship between complications and cost was modelled using linear regression, accounting for the skewed distribution of cost, adjusting for within-centre clustering and baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 334 eligible Norwood records (97.5%) were matched between data sets. Overall, 82% suffered from at least one complication (median 2; with a range from 0 to 33). Those with complications had longer postoperative length of stay (25 versus 12 days, p<0.001), more total ventilator days (7 versus 5 days, p<0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (17.6 versus 3.4%, p<0.006). Mean adjusted hospital cost in those with a complication was  190,689 (95% CI  111,344- 326,577) versus  120,584 (95% CI  69,246- 209,983) in those without complications (p=0.002). Costs increased with the number of complications (1-2 complications= 132,800 versus 3-4 complications= 182,353 versus    5 complications= 309,372 [p<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: This merged data set of clinical trial and cost data demonstrated that @entity260 are common following the Norwood operation and are associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher costs. Efforts to reduce complications in this population may lead to improved outcomes and cost savings.

title: Impact of XXXX on hospital costs following the Norwood operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: Understanding the interfacial properties of soft @entity1683 ( @entity1684 ) microgels covering an oil-water interface is essential for engineering stimuli-responsive emulsions stabilized by soft microgel particles. This study presents a systematic study on the interfacial properties of the PNIPAM-microgel-laden @entity21236 -water interface as a function of temperature. We measured the interfacial tensions as well as dilatational rheology properties of the microgel-laden @entity21236 -water interface using a pendant drop tensiometer. From fresh droplet experiments, the anomalous interfacial tension minima of the microgels covered oil-water interface were observed around the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the PNIPAM microgels. Such interfacial tension minima are observable regardless of the microgel aggregates. Both dynamic and static parameters contributed to the observed interfacial tension minima around VPTT. The PNIPAM microgel deformability dynamically dominated the microgel spreading at the @entity21236 -water interface in the early states, while PNIPAM microgel packing and interactions dominated the final static equilibrium states. Combining the interfacial tension and the dilatational rheology properties, we propose that the microgels would approach three distinctive states at temperatures below, around, and above VPTT at the @entity21236 -water interface. Single droplet experiments further demonstrate that there exists an irreversible transition among these three states. The results of this study deepen our understanding of soft, porous, and deformable microgels' behaviors at the oil-water interface and have important implications for engineering microgels as stimuli-responsive emulsion stabilizers.

title: XXXX microgels at the oil-water interface: temperature effect.

entities_list: @entity1683 :: ('MESH:C520884', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']

answer: @entity1683 :: (MESH:C520884,Chemical) :: ['Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of surgical staging in stage I clear cell @entity420 (CCC). METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 165 @entity1 with stage I CCC treated with optimal or nonoptimal staging surgery. RESULTS: The median follow-up period in this study was 67 months. No significant difference was detected in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 optimally and nonoptimally staged ( @entity1349 : P = 0.434; @entity1349 : P = 0.759). The estimated 5-year @entity1349 and @entity1349 rates were 92.1% and 95.3% in @entity1 with stages IA/ @entity32644 and 81.0% and 83.7% in stages @entity15539 /IC3, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that stages @entity15539 /IC3 predicted worse @entity1349 and @entity1349 than stages IA/ @entity32644 in stage I CCC @entity1 ( @entity1349 : P = 0.011; @entity1349 : P = 0.011). Subsequently, we investigated the impact of surgical staging, respectively, in stages IA/ @entity32644 and stages @entity15539 /IC3. Significant differences were observed in PFS and @entity1349 between @entity1 optimally and nonoptimally staged with stages IA/ @entity32644 ( @entity1349 : P = 0.021; @entity1349 : P = 0.024), but no significant difference was found in those with stages @entity15539 /IC3. The multivariate analysis indicated that nonoptimal staging surgery predicted worse @entity1349 than the optimal staging surgery in stages IA/ @entity32644 CCC @entity1 (P = 0.033). In addition, we investigated the impact of surgical staging for stages IA/ @entity32644 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group. The 5-year @entity1349 and @entity1349 rates in @entity1 optimally and nonoptimally staged with stages IA/ @entity32644 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group were 97.8% and 100%, and 85.2% and 89.4%, respectively. The multivariate analysis indicated that nonoptimal staging surgery predicted worse @entity1349 than the optimal staging surgery for stages IA/ @entity32644 @entity1 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for @entity1 with stage 1A/ @entity32644 is very good. Surgical staging category was the only independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 in stages IA/ @entity32644 CCC.

title: Impact of surgical staging in stage I clear cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: CONTEXT: Overall, 4-10% of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) present with @entity5 thrombus. It is uncertain which surgical technique is best for these @entity1 . Appraisal of outcomes with differing techniques would guide practice. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review relevant literature comparing the outcomes of different surgical therapies and approaches in treating vena caval thrombus (VCT) from nonmetastatic @entity1358 . EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Relevant databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to identify relevant comparative studies. Risk of bias and confounding assessments were performed. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was presented. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The literature search identified 824 articles. Fourteen studies reporting on 2262 @entity1 were included. No distinct surgical method was superior for the excision of VCT, although the method appeared to be dependent on @entity5 thrombus level. Minimal access techniques appeared to have better perioperative and recovery outcomes than traditional median sternotomy, but the impact on oncologic outcomes is unknown. @entity8 did not offer any oncologic benefits and instead resulted in significantly worse perioperative and recovery outcomes, including possibly higher perioperative mortality. The comparison of cardiopulmonary bypass versus no cardiopulmonary bypass showed no differences in oncologic outcomes. Overall, there were high risks of bias and confounding. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base, although derived from retrospective case series and complemented by expert opinion, suggests that @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1358 and VCT and acceptable performance status should be considered for surgical intervention. Despite a robust review, the findings were associated with uncertainty due to the poor quality of primary studies available. The most efficacious surgical technique remains unclear. @entity1 SUMMARY: We examined the literature on the benefits of @entity703 that have spread to neighbouring veins. The results suggest such surgery, although challenging and associated with high risk of complications, appears to be feasible and effective and should be contemplated for suitable @entity1 if possible; however, many uncertainties remain due to the poor quality of the data.

title: Systematic Review of Surgical Management of Nonmetastatic XXXX with Vena Caval Thrombus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative renal artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['venous tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['surgery to remove kidney cancers']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3091 ( @entity17054 ) is a @entity3096 that exerts anti  -arrhythmic effects. However, its potential effects on ion channels have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity17054 on @entity14489  channels in HEK293  cells. The current of @entity14489 channels (Ikur) in HEK293  cells was recorded using the whole  -cell patch  -clamp technique and the expression of the @entity14489 protein was measured using western blot analysis 24  h after treatment with @entity17054 . The results showed that 5    M @entity17054 significantly reduced Ikur from 215.04  40.59 to 77.72  17.94  pA/pF (P<0.05; n=5). @entity17054 increased the current suppression from 0 to 0.31  0.12 and 0.55  0.11 over 5 or 20  min, respectively. In addition, Ikur decreased from 376.23  1.30 to 270.19  4.28  pA/pF when the frequency was increased from 0.5 to 4  Hz in HEK293  cells treated with 10    M @entity17054 for 5  min. Furthermore, @entity17054 reduced @entity14489 protein expression in a dose  -dependent manner. These results demonstrated that @entity17054 inhibited Ikur and the expression of @entity14489 in HEK293  cells in a dose  -, time  - and frequency  -dependent manner. These observations partly explained the mechanisms by which @entity17054 exerts anti  -arrhythmic effect.

title: @entity3091 inhibits XXXX channels in HEK293 cells.

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['Myricetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity14489 :: (3741,Gene) :: ['Kv1.5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3091 ( @entity17054 ) is a @entity3096 that exerts anti  -arrhythmic effects. However, its potential effects on ion channels have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity17054 on @entity14489  channels in HEK293  cells. The current of @entity14489 channels (Ikur) in HEK293  cells was recorded using the whole  -cell patch  -clamp technique and the expression of the @entity14489 protein was measured using western blot analysis 24  h after treatment with @entity17054 . The results showed that 5    M @entity17054 significantly reduced Ikur from 215.04  40.59 to 77.72  17.94  pA/pF (P<0.05; n=5). @entity17054 increased the current suppression from 0 to 0.31  0.12 and 0.55  0.11 over 5 or 20  min, respectively. In addition, Ikur decreased from 376.23  1.30 to 270.19  4.28  pA/pF when the frequency was increased from 0.5 to 4  Hz in HEK293  cells treated with 10    M @entity17054 for 5  min. Furthermore, @entity17054 reduced @entity14489 protein expression in a dose  -dependent manner. These results demonstrated that @entity17054 inhibited Ikur and the expression of @entity14489 in HEK293  cells in a dose  -, time  - and frequency  -dependent manner. These observations partly explained the mechanisms by which @entity17054 exerts anti  -arrhythmic effect.

title: XXXX inhibits @entity14489 channels in HEK293 cells.

answer: @entity3091 :: (MESH:C040015,Chemical) :: ['Myricetin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective comparative cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity890 ( @entity890 ) treated with full-endoscopic cervical discectomy (FECD) using the anterior approach with those treated with the posterior approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The optimal FECD surgical approach for @entity890 remains controversial. METHODS: From March 2010 to July 2012, a total of 84 consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic single-level @entity890 who underwent FECD using the anterior approach (42 @entity1 ) or the posterior approach (42 @entity1 ) were enrolled. @entity1 were assessed neurologically before surgery and followed up at regular outpatient visits. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale and the modified MacNab criteria. Radiographical follow-up included the static and dynamic cervical plain radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: In both groups, shorter mean operative time (63.5 min vs. 78.5 min), increased mean volume of disc removal (0.6 g vs. 0.3 g), larger mean decrease in the final postoperative mean intervertebral vertical height (1.0 mm vs. 0.5 mm), and longer mean hospital stay (4.9 d vs. 4.5 d) were observed in the anterior full-endoscopic cervical discectomy group. Postoperatively, the clinical outcomes of the 2 approaches were significantly improved, but the differences between the 2 approaches were not significant (P = 0.211 and P = 0.257, respectively). Four surgery-related complications were observed among all enrolled @entity1 (complications in each group were 2; overall 4 of 84, 4.8%). CONCLUSION: In our study, the clinical outcomes between the 2 approaches did not differ significantly. Nevertheless, posterior full-endoscopic cervical discectomy may be preferable when considering the volume of disc removal, length of hospital stay, and the postoperative radiographical changes. As an efficacious supplement to traditional open surgery, FECD is a reliable alternative treatment of @entity890 and its optimal approach remains open to discussion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Anterior or posterior approach of full-endoscopic cervical discectomy for XXXX ? A comparative cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['CIVDH', 'cervical intervertebral disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['cervical intervertebral disc herniation']


abstract: AIMS: Although @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is a risk factor for malignant transformation and future development of @entity652 / @entity189 , grade is not incorporated in the Dutch guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance, partly due to presumed interobserver variability. In a nationwide cohort of @entity2513 , we analysed the interlaboratory variability in the grading of @entity1141 in daily practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA), all synoptically reported classic @entity652 in The Netherlands in 2013 were identified. Proportion of @entity652 with @entity1893 was determined for biopsies and polypectomies and compared between 37 laboratories by multivariable logistic regression analyses. In total, 21,030 colonoscopies of 20,270 @entity1 were included. @entity1893 was reported in 530 (3.6%) out of 14,866 @entity652 diagnosed on biopsies (range between laboratories: 0%-13.6%) and in 983 (11.8%) out of 8,346 @entity652 diagnosed on polypectomies (range 3.1%-42.9%). After adjustment for case mix, thirteen (35%) laboratories reported a significantly lower or higher frequency of @entity1893 than average. CONCLUSIONS: We observed considerable interlaboratory variation in the grading of @entity1141 in @entity2513 , which could only be partly explained by differences in case mix. Therefore, better standardization of grading criteria is needed before grade of @entity1141 can usefully be incorporated in colonoscopy surveillance guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Interlaboratory variability in the grading of @entity1141 in a nationwide cohort of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: AIMS: Although @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is a risk factor for malignant transformation and future development of @entity652 / @entity189 , grade is not incorporated in the Dutch guidelines for colonoscopy surveillance, partly due to presumed interobserver variability. In a nationwide cohort of @entity2513 , we analysed the interlaboratory variability in the grading of @entity1141 in daily practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA), all synoptically reported classic @entity652 in The Netherlands in 2013 were identified. Proportion of @entity652 with @entity1893 was determined for biopsies and polypectomies and compared between 37 laboratories by multivariable logistic regression analyses. In total, 21,030 colonoscopies of 20,270 @entity1 were included. @entity1893 was reported in 530 (3.6%) out of 14,866 @entity652 diagnosed on biopsies (range between laboratories: 0%-13.6%) and in 983 (11.8%) out of 8,346 @entity652 diagnosed on polypectomies (range 3.1%-42.9%). After adjustment for case mix, thirteen (35%) laboratories reported a significantly lower or higher frequency of @entity1893 than average. CONCLUSIONS: We observed considerable interlaboratory variation in the grading of @entity1141 in @entity2513 , which could only be partly explained by differences in case mix. Therefore, better standardization of grading criteria is needed before grade of @entity1141 can usefully be incorporated in colonoscopy surveillance guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Interlaboratory variability in the grading of XXXX in a nationwide cohort of @entity2513 .

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to estimate and examine ways to improve the reliability of change scores on the @entity195 Assessment Scale, Cognitive Subtest ( @entity11509 -Cog). The sample, provided by the @entity195 Neuroimaging Initiative, included individuals with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) (n  =  153) and individuals with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) (n  =  352). All @entity1 were administered the @entity11509 -Cog at baseline and 1 year, and change scores were calculated as the difference in scores over the 1-year period. Three types of change score reliabilities were estimated using multivariate generalizability. Two methods to increase change score reliability were evaluated: reweighting the subtests of the scale and adding more subtests. Reliability of @entity11509 -Cog change scores over 1 year was low for both the @entity195 sample (ranging from .53 to .64) and the @entity73 sample (.39 to .61). Reweighting the change scores from the @entity195 sample improved reliability (.68 to .76), but lengthening provided no useful improvement for either sample. The @entity73 change scores had low reliability, even with reweighting and adding additional subtests. The @entity11509 -Cog scores had low reliability for measuring change. Researchers using the @entity11509 -Cog should estimate and report reliability for their use of the change scores. The @entity11509 -Cog change scores are not recommended for assessment of meaningful clinical change.

title: Examining the reliability of XXXX -Cog change scores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity11509 :: (8540,Gene) :: ['ADAS']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to use a noninvasive method for quantifying T1 values of chronic @entity583 scar by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and determine its diagnostic performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed cardiac MRI on 29 consecutive @entity1 with known @entity453 ( @entity453 ) on 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. An unenhanced T1 mapping technique was used to calculate T1 relaxation time of @entity296 , and its diagnostic performance was evaluated. @entity3145 was identified by delayed contrast-enhancement (DE) MRI and T2-weighted images. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were calculated for T1 mapping using DE images as the gold standard. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-two segments were analyzed in 26 @entity1 . While myocardial chronic scar was demonstrated in 45 segments on DE images, T1 mapping MRI showed a chronic scar area in 54 segments. T1 relaxation time was higher in chronic scar tissue, compared with remote areas (1314  98 ms vs. 1099  90 ms, P < 0.001). Therefore, increased T1 values were shown in areas of myocardium colocalized with areas of DE and normal signal on T2-weighted images. There was a significant correlation between T1 mapping and DE images in evaluation of myocardial wall injury extent (P < 0.05). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy as 95.5%, 97%, and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study reveal that T1 mapping MRI combined with T2-weighted images might be a feasible imaging modality for detecting chronic @entity583 scar tissue.

title: Quantitative evaluation of ischemic XXXX by unenhanced T1 mapping using 3.0 Tesla MR scanner.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial scar tissue']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the ability of a set of physical fitness tests to discriminate presence or absence of @entity239 in @entity1 . METHODS: The sample comprised 487 @entity1 with @entity239 (52.1    8 yr) and 250 control @entity1 (49.3    9 yr). We assessed physical fitness using the arm curl, 30-s chair stand, handgrip strength, 8-ft up and go, 6-min walk, chair sit and reach, and the back scratch tests. The revised @entity239 impact questionnaire was used to assess @entity239 severity and symptomatology. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity239 performed worse than control @entity1 in all the fitness tests studied (all, P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that all the fitness tests were able to discriminate between presence and absence of @entity239 (all, P < 0.001). The area under the curve ranged from 0.708 to 0.910 (all, P < 0.001). Among the fitness tests studied, the arm curl test, followed by the 30-s chair-stand and handgrip strength tests, showed the highest capacity discriminating between the presence and absence of @entity239 . An arm curl test score of <20 repetitions was associated with increased odds of having @entity239 (odds ratio (OR), 35.6; 95% confidence interval, 12.6-101) in @entity1 age 35-44 yr. An arm curl test score of <16 repetitions was associated with increased odds of having @entity239 (OR, 23.7; 95% confidence interval, 10.3-54.0) in @entity1 age 35-44 yr. In the group of @entity1 age 55-65 yr, the highest OR was observed for the handgrip strength test and the odds of having @entity239 was 17 times greater than that in @entity1 who performed less than 19 kg. CONCLUSIONS: The arm curl, 30-s chair stand, and handgrip strength tests powerfully discriminated @entity1 with @entity239 from healthy @entity1 . Identification of @entity1 who fail to meet the suggested standards can help to easily, quickly, and cheaply rule out the presence of the disease, especially in primary care settings.

title: Fitness Testing in the XXXX Diagnosis: The al-  ndalus Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: Aims. Young adults with early @entity716 want to pursue normal roles - education and employment. This paper summarises the empirical literature on the effectiveness of early intervention programmes for employment and education outcomes. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of employment/education outcomes for early intervention programmes, distinguishing three programme types: (1) those providing supported employment, (2) those providing unspecified vocational services and (3) those without vocational services. We summarised findings for 28 studies. Results. Eleven studies evaluated early intervention programmes providing supported employment. In eight studies that reported employment outcomes separately from education outcomes, the employment rate during follow-up for supported employment @entity1 was 49%, compared with 29% for @entity1 receiving usual services. The two groups did not differ on enrolment in education. In four controlled studies, meta-analysis showed that the employment rate for supported employment @entity1 was significantly higher than for control @entity1 , odds ratio  =  3.66 [1.93-6.93], p  <  0.0001. Five studies (four descriptive and one quasi-experimental) of early intervention programmes evaluating unspecified vocational services were inconclusive. Twelve studies of early intervention programmes without vocational services were methodologically heterogeneous, using diverse methods for evaluating vocational/educational outcomes and precluding a satisfactory meta-analytic synthesis. Among studies with comparison groups, 7 of 11 (64%) reported significant vocational/education outcomes favouring early intervention over usual services. Conclusions. In early intervention programmes, supported employment moderately increases employment rates but not rates of enrolment in education. These improvements are in addition to the modest effects early programmes alone have on vocational/educational outcomes compared with usual services.

title: Employment and educational outcomes in early intervention programmes for early XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Atrioesophageal @entity292 (AEF) is a rare but devastating complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Surgical repair and esophageal stents are available treatment options for AEF. We report outcomes of these 2 management strategies. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with AEF post-RFCA for @entity955 were included in this study. AEF was diagnosed based on symptoms and chest CT imaging. Of the 9 @entity1 , 5 received stents and 4 underwent surgical repair of @entity292 . RESULTS: @entity955 ablation was performed under general anesthesia (n = 4) or conscious sedation (n = 5). During ablation, RF power was maintained between 25 and 35 Watts in areas close to the esophagus and energy delivery discontinued when esophageal temperature reached 38   C. Seven @entity1 underwent ablation with 3.5-mm open-irrigated catheter, 1 with 8-mm nonirrigated catheter, and 1 had surgical epicardial ablation. Seven @entity1 received proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate before and after procedure. AEF symptoms developed within 2   6 weeks from ablation. Esophageal stenting was performed in 5 @entity1 (median age 58 years, median time from RFCA 4 weeks) and 4 underwent surgical repair (median age 54 years, median time from RFCA 4 weeks) within 2   4 hours from diagnosis. All 5 @entity1 receiving stents died within 1 week of the procedure due to @entity999 , @entity326 , or @entity1576 . On the other hand, the 4 @entity1 that received surgical repair were alive at median follow-up of 2.1 years (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal stenting should be discouraged and prompt surgical repair is crucial for survival in @entity1 with @entity292 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX following catheter ablation of @entity955 treated with surgical repair versus esophageal stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'atrioesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['atrioesophageal fistula']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Atrioesophageal @entity292 (AEF) is a rare but devastating complication of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Surgical repair and esophageal stents are available treatment options for AEF. We report outcomes of these 2 management strategies. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with AEF post-RFCA for @entity955 were included in this study. AEF was diagnosed based on symptoms and chest CT imaging. Of the 9 @entity1 , 5 received stents and 4 underwent surgical repair of @entity292 . RESULTS: @entity955 ablation was performed under general anesthesia (n = 4) or conscious sedation (n = 5). During ablation, RF power was maintained between 25 and 35 Watts in areas close to the esophagus and energy delivery discontinued when esophageal temperature reached 38   C. Seven @entity1 underwent ablation with 3.5-mm open-irrigated catheter, 1 with 8-mm nonirrigated catheter, and 1 had surgical epicardial ablation. Seven @entity1 received proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate before and after procedure. AEF symptoms developed within 2   6 weeks from ablation. Esophageal stenting was performed in 5 @entity1 (median age 58 years, median time from RFCA 4 weeks) and 4 underwent surgical repair (median age 54 years, median time from RFCA 4 weeks) within 2   4 hours from diagnosis. All 5 @entity1 receiving stents died within 1 week of the procedure due to @entity999 , @entity326 , or @entity1576 . On the other hand, the 4 @entity1 that received surgical repair were alive at median follow-up of 2.1 years (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal stenting should be discouraged and prompt surgical repair is crucial for survival in @entity1 with @entity292 .

title: Outcomes of @entity292 following catheter ablation of XXXX treated with surgical repair versus esophageal stenting.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hormone secretion by functioning @entity977 is characterized by increased basal (nonpulsatile) secretion, enhanced pulse frequency, amplified pulse mass, and @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to quantify (subtle) abnormalities of hormone secretion by @entity977 and the influence of selective pituitary surgery and suppressive medications on these parameters. METHODS: Approximate entropy (ApEn) was quantified with a refined algorithm, @entity31605 by a new method to evaluate sudden short-lived increases in hormone levels, and pulsing regularity, determined with a fully automated deconvolution program. These 3 distinct measures of secretory disruption were compared in untreated and treated @entity1 with @entity2012 , @entity2013 , and @entity699 together with matching profiles in healthy controls. RESULTS: ApEn and @entity31605 were markedly increased in all untreated @entity1 groups and normalized after pituitary surgery in @entity2012 and @entity699 . In contrast, hormone-suppressive medical treatment in @entity2012 and @entity2013 did not normalize ApEn. Spikiness normalized in acromegalic @entity1 but not in @entity2013 . GH and @entity701 pulsing regularity was elevated in @entity2012 and @entity699 , respectively, and normalized after surgery. Medical treatment caused normalization of pulsing regularity in @entity2012 but not in @entity2013 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study extends the understanding of disorganized hormone secretion by hyperfunctioning @entity977 . The new findings are increased @entity31605 in all 3 @entity5 groups and increased pulsing regularity in GH- and ACTH-secreting @entity652 . The mechanisms behind the marked pattern irregularity and the selective normalization by surgical and medical therapies are not established yet but may include diminished feedback signaling in addition to the anatomical and functional disorganization of intrapituitary cell networks.

title: Hormone secretion by XXXX is characterized by @entity101 and @entity31605 but more regular pulsing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased disorderliness']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hormone secretion by functioning @entity977 is characterized by increased basal (nonpulsatile) secretion, enhanced pulse frequency, amplified pulse mass, and @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to quantify (subtle) abnormalities of hormone secretion by @entity977 and the influence of selective pituitary surgery and suppressive medications on these parameters. METHODS: Approximate entropy (ApEn) was quantified with a refined algorithm, @entity31605 by a new method to evaluate sudden short-lived increases in hormone levels, and pulsing regularity, determined with a fully automated deconvolution program. These 3 distinct measures of secretory disruption were compared in untreated and treated @entity1 with @entity2012 , @entity2013 , and @entity699 together with matching profiles in healthy controls. RESULTS: ApEn and @entity31605 were markedly increased in all untreated @entity1 groups and normalized after pituitary surgery in @entity2012 and @entity699 . In contrast, hormone-suppressive medical treatment in @entity2012 and @entity2013 did not normalize ApEn. Spikiness normalized in acromegalic @entity1 but not in @entity2013 . GH and @entity701 pulsing regularity was elevated in @entity2012 and @entity699 , respectively, and normalized after surgery. Medical treatment caused normalization of pulsing regularity in @entity2012 but not in @entity2013 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study extends the understanding of disorganized hormone secretion by hyperfunctioning @entity977 . The new findings are increased @entity31605 in all 3 @entity5 groups and increased pulsing regularity in GH- and ACTH-secreting @entity652 . The mechanisms behind the marked pattern irregularity and the selective normalization by surgical and medical therapies are not established yet but may include diminished feedback signaling in addition to the anatomical and functional disorganization of intrapituitary cell networks.

title: Hormone secretion by @entity977 is characterized by XXXX and @entity31605 but more regular pulsing.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['increased disorderliness']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hormone secretion by functioning @entity977 is characterized by increased basal (nonpulsatile) secretion, enhanced pulse frequency, amplified pulse mass, and @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to quantify (subtle) abnormalities of hormone secretion by @entity977 and the influence of selective pituitary surgery and suppressive medications on these parameters. METHODS: Approximate entropy (ApEn) was quantified with a refined algorithm, @entity31605 by a new method to evaluate sudden short-lived increases in hormone levels, and pulsing regularity, determined with a fully automated deconvolution program. These 3 distinct measures of secretory disruption were compared in untreated and treated @entity1 with @entity2012 , @entity2013 , and @entity699 together with matching profiles in healthy controls. RESULTS: ApEn and @entity31605 were markedly increased in all untreated @entity1 groups and normalized after pituitary surgery in @entity2012 and @entity699 . In contrast, hormone-suppressive medical treatment in @entity2012 and @entity2013 did not normalize ApEn. Spikiness normalized in acromegalic @entity1 but not in @entity2013 . GH and @entity701 pulsing regularity was elevated in @entity2012 and @entity699 , respectively, and normalized after surgery. Medical treatment caused normalization of pulsing regularity in @entity2012 but not in @entity2013 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study extends the understanding of disorganized hormone secretion by hyperfunctioning @entity977 . The new findings are increased @entity31605 in all 3 @entity5 groups and increased pulsing regularity in GH- and ACTH-secreting @entity652 . The mechanisms behind the marked pattern irregularity and the selective normalization by surgical and medical therapies are not established yet but may include diminished feedback signaling in addition to the anatomical and functional disorganization of intrapituitary cell networks.

title: Hormone secretion by @entity977 is characterized by @entity101 and XXXX but more regular pulsing.

answer: @entity31605 :: (MESH:C537901,Disease) :: ['spikiness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience in the treatment of @entity5436 of the conjunctiva using topical bevacizumab. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 @entity1 with conjunctival @entity5 received 25 mg/mL bevacizumab topically. Changes in the lesions were documented weekly using digital photography. After topical treatment, excisional biopsy was performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 60.5    12 (33-77) years. The mean duration of topical treatment was 7.8    1.3 (5-14) weeks. The size and vascularity of the @entity5 reduced weekly. All @entity1 underwent excisional biopsy, cryotherapy, and amnion membrane transplantation. The histopathologic diagnosis of the lesions was @entity189 in situ. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up of @entity1 for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Topical bevacizumab is an effective treatment to reduce the @entity5 size before surgery and may be a good alternative for adjuvant therapy of @entity44237 .

title: Use of topical bevacizumab for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity44237 :: ('MESH:D003230', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival neoplasms']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Different dengue virus (DENV) serotypes have been associated with greater epidemic potential. In turn, the increased frequency in cases of severe forms of dengue has been associated with the cocirculation of several serotypes. Because Colombia is a country with an endemic presence of all four DENV serotypes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro replication of the DENV-2 and DENV-3 strains under individual @entity281 and coinfection conditions. METHODOLOGY: C6/36HT cells were infected with the two strains individually or simultaneously (coinfection). Replication capacity was evaluated by RT-qPCR, and the effects on cell viability were assessed with an @entity98 ( @entity2454 ) assay. Additionally, @entity4224 mosquitoes were artificially fed the two strains of each serotype individually or simultaneously. The viral genomes were quantified by RT-qPCR and the survival of the infected mosquitoes was compared to that of uninfected controls. RESULTS: In single infections, three strains significantly affected C6/36HT cell viability, but no significant differences were found in the replication capacities of the strains of the same serotype. In the in vivo infections, mosquito survival was not affected, and no significant differences in replication between strains of the same serotype were found. Finally, in @entity325 , serotype 2 replicated with a thousandfold greater efficiency than serotype 3 did both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the cocirculation of serotypes in endemic regions, further studies of @entity325 in a natural environment would further an understanding of the transmission dynamics that affect DENV @entity281 epidemiology.

title: Differential replication of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in XXXX of C6/36 cells and @entity4224 mosquitoes.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['coinfections']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['coinfections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Different dengue virus (DENV) serotypes have been associated with greater epidemic potential. In turn, the increased frequency in cases of severe forms of dengue has been associated with the cocirculation of several serotypes. Because Colombia is a country with an endemic presence of all four DENV serotypes, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro replication of the DENV-2 and DENV-3 strains under individual @entity281 and coinfection conditions. METHODOLOGY: C6/36HT cells were infected with the two strains individually or simultaneously (coinfection). Replication capacity was evaluated by RT-qPCR, and the effects on cell viability were assessed with an @entity98 ( @entity2454 ) assay. Additionally, @entity4224 mosquitoes were artificially fed the two strains of each serotype individually or simultaneously. The viral genomes were quantified by RT-qPCR and the survival of the infected mosquitoes was compared to that of uninfected controls. RESULTS: In single infections, three strains significantly affected C6/36HT cell viability, but no significant differences were found in the replication capacities of the strains of the same serotype. In the in vivo infections, mosquito survival was not affected, and no significant differences in replication between strains of the same serotype were found. Finally, in @entity325 , serotype 2 replicated with a thousandfold greater efficiency than serotype 3 did both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the cocirculation of serotypes in endemic regions, further studies of @entity325 in a natural environment would further an understanding of the transmission dynamics that affect DENV @entity281 epidemiology.

title: Differential replication of dengue virus serotypes 2 and 3 in @entity325 of C6/36 cells and XXXX mosquitoes.

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of golimumab in the 140 @entity1 included in Spain as the first part of the GO-MORE trial, a multinational study involving @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) despite treatment with different disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 received subcutaneous golimumab 50mg once a month during 6 months. The primary endpoint was the percentage of individuals with a good or moderate EULAR DAS28-ESR response after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 140 @entity1 were included. Of these, 76.4% had very active disease (DAS28-ESR>5.1). 76.4% were taking @entity1499 , 40.0% other DMARDs in monotherapy or combined, and 65.0% received @entity288 . After 6 months, 82.9% of the @entity1 showed a good or moderate EULAR response, 41.4% had low disease activity, and 30.7% were in remission. The percentage of responders one month after the first dose was 69.3%. The efficacy was similar in @entity1 treated with @entity1499 or other DMARDs, with different @entity1499 doses, with or without @entity288 , or in subjects who had failed one or more DMARDs. The response to golimumab was observed from the first dose. Golimumab was well tolerated and its safety profile was consistent with the findings of previous studies. Serious adverse events were reported in 11 @entity1 (7.9%). CONCLUSION: The addition of subcutaneous golimumab 50mg once a month to different DMARDs in @entity1 with active @entity309 yielded a moderate or good response after 6 months in 82.9% of the cases. The response was observed early, from the start of the second month, after a single dose of golimumab.

title: Efficacy and safety of golimumab as add-on therapy to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in XXXX : Results of the GO-MORE study in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity66 is a major public health problem due to its prevalence in practically all age groups. This is a study of the overall burden of @entity1547 , @entity2520 . The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) indicator was used as it simultaneously measures the impact of mortality and of health problems that affect the quality of life. The overall burden of @entity66 was analyzed in absolute terms and in rates per 1000 inhabitants. The number of @entity717 ( @entity717 ) due to @entity1547 was 4,489. An estimated 33,888 @entity717 were lost due to edentulism, with a rate of 1.8/1000 (2.2/1000 among @entity1 ). An estimated 3217 @entity717 were lost due to @entity2520 , with a rate of 0.2/1000 for both sexes. Edentulism was the condition that contributed most to the overall burden of @entity66 and is more frequent among @entity1 . Higher rates of @entity2520 were found in @entity1 aged 45-69 years, while @entity1547 was more frequent from 15-49 years. The overall burden of @entity66 studies represent an important aspect of health diagnosis, integrating both fatal and non-fatal outcomes. Furthermore, these studies provide highly relevant information for preventive and therapeutic policy making.

title: [A study of the overall burden of XXXX in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: 2004-2006].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral diseases', 'oral disease', 'Oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'edentulism and periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Years Lived with Disability', 'YLD']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['oral disease']


abstract: Abstract Background: The added value of biomarkers, such as @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and white blood cells (WBC), as adjuncts to clinical risk scores for predicting the outcome of @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is in question. We investigated the prognostic accuracy of initial and follow-up levels of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting @entity204 and adverse clinical outcomes in a large and well-defined cohort of @entity497 @entity1 . Methods: We measured PCT, @entity1851 and WBC on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and followed the @entity1 over 30 days. We applied multivariate regression models and area under the curve (AUC) to investigate associations between these biomarkers, the clinical risk score CURB-65, and clinical outcomes [i.e., @entity204 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission]. Results: Of 925 @entity1 with @entity497 , 50 @entity1 died and 118 @entity1 had an adverse clinical outcome. None of the initial biomarker levels significantly improved the CURB-65 score for mortality prediction. Follow-up biomarker levels showed significant independent association with mortality at days 3, 5, and 7 and with improvements in AUC. Initial PCT and @entity1851 levels were independent prognostic predictors of adverse clinical outcome, and levels of all biomarkers during the course of disease provided additional prognostic information. Conclusions: This study provides robust insights into the added prognostic value of inflammatory markers in @entity497 . @entity1904 , @entity1851 , and to a lesser degree WBC provided some prognostic information on @entity497 outcomes, particularly when considering their kinetics at days 5 and 7 and when looking at adverse clinical outcomes instead of mortality alone.

title: Utility of @entity1904 , @entity1851 and white blood cells alone and in combination for the prediction of clinical outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Abstract Background: The added value of biomarkers, such as @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and white blood cells (WBC), as adjuncts to clinical risk scores for predicting the outcome of @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is in question. We investigated the prognostic accuracy of initial and follow-up levels of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting @entity204 and adverse clinical outcomes in a large and well-defined cohort of @entity497 @entity1 . Methods: We measured PCT, @entity1851 and WBC on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and followed the @entity1 over 30 days. We applied multivariate regression models and area under the curve (AUC) to investigate associations between these biomarkers, the clinical risk score CURB-65, and clinical outcomes [i.e., @entity204 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission]. Results: Of 925 @entity1 with @entity497 , 50 @entity1 died and 118 @entity1 had an adverse clinical outcome. None of the initial biomarker levels significantly improved the CURB-65 score for mortality prediction. Follow-up biomarker levels showed significant independent association with mortality at days 3, 5, and 7 and with improvements in AUC. Initial PCT and @entity1851 levels were independent prognostic predictors of adverse clinical outcome, and levels of all biomarkers during the course of disease provided additional prognostic information. Conclusions: This study provides robust insights into the added prognostic value of inflammatory markers in @entity497 . @entity1904 , @entity1851 , and to a lesser degree WBC provided some prognostic information on @entity497 outcomes, particularly when considering their kinetics at days 5 and 7 and when looking at adverse clinical outcomes instead of mortality alone.

title: Utility of XXXX , @entity1851 and white blood cells alone and in combination for the prediction of clinical outcomes in @entity497 .

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['procalcitonin']


abstract: Abstract Background: The added value of biomarkers, such as @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and white blood cells (WBC), as adjuncts to clinical risk scores for predicting the outcome of @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is in question. We investigated the prognostic accuracy of initial and follow-up levels of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting @entity204 and adverse clinical outcomes in a large and well-defined cohort of @entity497 @entity1 . Methods: We measured PCT, @entity1851 and WBC on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and followed the @entity1 over 30 days. We applied multivariate regression models and area under the curve (AUC) to investigate associations between these biomarkers, the clinical risk score CURB-65, and clinical outcomes [i.e., @entity204 and intensive care unit (ICU) admission]. Results: Of 925 @entity1 with @entity497 , 50 @entity1 died and 118 @entity1 had an adverse clinical outcome. None of the initial biomarker levels significantly improved the CURB-65 score for mortality prediction. Follow-up biomarker levels showed significant independent association with mortality at days 3, 5, and 7 and with improvements in AUC. Initial PCT and @entity1851 levels were independent prognostic predictors of adverse clinical outcome, and levels of all biomarkers during the course of disease provided additional prognostic information. Conclusions: This study provides robust insights into the added prognostic value of inflammatory markers in @entity497 . @entity1904 , @entity1851 , and to a lesser degree WBC provided some prognostic information on @entity497 outcomes, particularly when considering their kinetics at days 5 and 7 and when looking at adverse clinical outcomes instead of mortality alone.

title: Utility of @entity1904 , XXXX and white blood cells alone and in combination for the prediction of clinical outcomes in @entity497 .

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five-Year survival after pelvic exenteration for gynecologic @entity5 has been reported as high as 60%. The objective of this study was to determine @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after pelvic exenteration and evaluate factors impacting outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 who underwent pelvic exenteration at our institution between February 1993 and December 2010 was performed. @entity1349 was defined as time from exenteration to date of @entity204 or last contact. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meyer method. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the impact of clinical and pathologic factors on survival outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 underwent pelvic exenteration. Five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 33% (95%CI 0.25-0.40). Factors which negatively impacted @entity1349 included shorter treatment-free interval (p=.050), vulvar primary (p=.032), positive margins (p<.001), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI, p<.001), positive lymph nodes (p<.001) and perineural invasion (p=0.030). In multivariate analysis, positive margins (p=.040), positive nodes (p<.001) and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI, p=.003) retained a significant impact on @entity1349 . Five-year @entity1349 was 40% (95% CI 0.32-0.48). Factors which negatively impacted @entity1349 included vulvar primary (p=.04), positive margins (p<.001), LVSI (p<.001), positive lymph nodes (p<.001) and perineural invasion (p=.008). In multivariate analysis, positive nodes (p=.001) and LVSI (p=.001) retained a significant impact on @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Five-year @entity1349 after pelvic exenteration was 40%. Survival outcomes have not significantly improved despite improvements in technique and @entity1 selection. Multiple non-modifiable factors at the time of exenteration are associated with poor survival.

title: Overall survival after pelvic exenteration for gynecologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'recurrence free survival', 'RFS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The real benefit of follow-up cervical cytology in @entity1 treated for gynecological @entity5 is unclear. This study was designed to assess the rate of success of cytological examinations in the detection of early vaginal recurrence of gynecological @entity5 in @entity1 found by other methods to have vaginal recurrence of cervical and @entity1204 . DATA SOURCES: Records of cytological examinations. STUDY SELECTION: Thirty-three @entity1 treated for early and invasive cervical and @entity1204 with recurrence in the vaginal vault were retrospectively analyzed. DATA EXTRACTION: Records from 1979 to 2010. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sixteen @entity1 (48.5%) had symptomatic vaginal recurrence associated with distant metastases, whereas 17 (51.5%) had vaginal recurrence only. Cytology was negative in 12 @entity1 (36.4%) with both symptomatic and asymptomatic recurrence and positive in the other 21 (63.6%). In 9 of these 21 @entity1 (42.9%), the disease was limited to the vaginal vault, whereas the remaining 12 (57.1%) presented with @entity75 associated with distant metastases. Cytology was positive in 9 of the 17 (52.9%) @entity1 whose recurrence was limited to the vaginal vault and negative in 8 (47.1%). CONCLUSION: Vaginal cytology yielded false-negative results in almost half of the @entity1 with vaginal recurrence of gynecological @entity5 . Patents of methods used for early diagnosis and detection of immortalization of cervical @entity5 are also reviewed in this article.

title: Cytology for the detection of early recurrence of XXXX in the vaginal vault.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Targeted therapy has improved the survival of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . In the present study, we evaluated whether there was an effect of cytoreductive surgery on prognosis of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 using antiangiogenic @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 52 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 from Akdeniz University, Afyon Kocatepe University, and Medipol University participated in the study. All the @entity1 had received targeted antiangiogenic therapy after interferon alfa-2b. According to previous @entity70811 , the @entity1 were divided into 2 groups as @entity70811 (+) and @entity70811 (-). RESULTS: The @entity70811 (+) group was younger than the @entity70811 (-) group (P  < .001) and the hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in the @entity70811 (+) group (P  = .023). The median progression-free survival time from the date of starting TKIs were 8.5 and 3.0 months for the @entity70811 (+) and @entity70811 (-) groups, respectively (P  = .104). The median overall survival was 15.1 and 5.4 months for the @entity70811 (+) and @entity70811 (-) groups, respectively (P  = .034). CONCLUSION: We speculate that @entity70811 is still an important part of treatment modalities in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 in modern era targeted therapy, which is currently the best systemic therapy. However, the indications of @entity70811 might be limited to good-risk @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . Further randomized studies are warranted to clarify the necessity of @entity70811 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 .

title: The Necessity of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in @entity1 With XXXX Using Antiangiogenic Targeted Therapy After Interferon Alfa-2b.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma']