abstract: During normovolemia, @entity3810 causes mild sympathetic stimulation and direct @entity296 ; these effects offset each other, resulting in only minimal cardiovascular changes. To test the hypothesis that during @entity3485 this balance would change and @entity308 predominate, 10 @entity1707 were made @entity3485 (30% @entity190 ) and then were given 70% @entity3727 (0.25 MAC in @entity1707 ) or an equipotent concentration of @entity1508 , an agent that does not cause sympathetic stimulation. The alternate anesthetic was given to the same @entity3485 @entity1707 on another day. Five minutes after induction of anesthesia during @entity3485 , both @entity3727 and @entity1508 caused significant, physiologically important deterioration of compensation for @entity548 . @entity1508 decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR); @entity3727 was more variable in its action, and SVR did not decrease significantly. Both agents caused similar decreases in cardiac output, mean aortic blood pressure, @entity64 volume, @entity26 consumption, and left ventricular minute work, despite increases in plasma epinephrine concentration and plasma @entity18089 activity. No differences were found between groups for any of these variables (P greater than 0.05). Plasma @entity1063 concentration increased only in the @entity3727 group and was greater in that group than in the @entity1508 group. The @entity65 for @entity548 was expressed metabolically by similar decreases in the two groups in partial pressure of @entity26 of mixed venous blood and by increases in blood @entity880 concentration. Thirty minutes after induction of anesthesia, with stable end-tidal anesthetic concentrations, both groups had some cardiovascular, but no metabolic, recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular actions of @entity3810 or @entity1508 in @entity3485 XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to solvents may lead to @entity2359 and @entity25 . We aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to petroleum-derived @entity9436 with @entity2359 and @entity25 . METHODS: We included male workers handling/distributing petroleum products (exposed, n   =   250) and electricians (non-exposed, n   =   250) from two companies in Tlemcen (Algeria). @entity2359 was evaluated with the Q-16 questionnaire, and @entity25 with the Epworth and the Berlin questionnaires. Multivariable Poisson regression models with @entity2246 were applied obtaining risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of reported @entity2359 and @entity25 was higher in exposed than in non-exposed workers. Significant adjusted associations were observed for @entity2359 , snoring, and @entity25 (RR   =   2.2, CI: 1.7-2.8; RR   =   1.4; CI: 1.1-1.7; RR   =   1.3, CI: 1.2-1.5, respectively). No significant associations were observed with the Epworth score. CONCLUSIONS: Our questionnaire-based cross-sectional study suggests that exposure to petroleum-derived @entity9436 is associated with self-reported @entity25 and @entity2359 symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:129-136, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Sleep disturbances and XXXX in workers exposed to @entity9436 . An observational study from Algeria.

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['robust error variances']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance symptoms', 'excessive sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to solvents may lead to @entity2359 and @entity25 . We aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to petroleum-derived @entity9436 with @entity2359 and @entity25 . METHODS: We included male workers handling/distributing petroleum products (exposed, n   =   250) and electricians (non-exposed, n   =   250) from two companies in Tlemcen (Algeria). @entity2359 was evaluated with the Q-16 questionnaire, and @entity25 with the Epworth and the Berlin questionnaires. Multivariable Poisson regression models with @entity2246 were applied obtaining risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of reported @entity2359 and @entity25 was higher in exposed than in non-exposed workers. Significant adjusted associations were observed for @entity2359 , snoring, and @entity25 (RR   =   2.2, CI: 1.7-2.8; RR   =   1.4; CI: 1.1-1.7; RR   =   1.3, CI: 1.2-1.5, respectively). No significant associations were observed with the Epworth score. CONCLUSIONS: Our questionnaire-based cross-sectional study suggests that exposure to petroleum-derived @entity9436 is associated with self-reported @entity25 and @entity2359 symptoms. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:129-136, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Sleep disturbances and @entity2359 in workers exposed to XXXX . An observational study from Algeria.

answer: @entity9436 :: (MESH:D006838,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality of early @entity320 ( @entity320 ) diagnosis is dependent on the experience of dermatologists, tools like dermoscopy and histopathology, and awareness and education of the studied population. Does a higher rate of excision of @entity272 ( @entity272 ) increase the rate of detected @entity320 ? MATERIAL AND METHODS: The DB-MIPS objective tool, able to evaluate mathematical defined variables, has been used to verify the variability of measurements among @entity272 stored by five different centres located in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. RESULTS: The objective analysis showed low differences in terms of moles' features among the different groups, arguing for robustness of the dermatological @entity1 's @entity272 inspection. Differences in terms of false positives and predictive positive values have been detected. The tendency to follow up a lesion was proportional to the percentage of thin @entity320 (<0.75 mm @entity5 thickness), while the interventism was proportional to the percentage of @entity7174 . Similar percentage of thin @entity320 has been observed in all the centres, indicating a standardization in early diagnosing among experienced dermatologists. The main difference among the centres was their mode of action, i.e. to follow up or remove suspicious @entity272 . CONCLUSION: Interventism depends neither on the geographic site nor on the features of the observed moles. Higher removal rates do not correspond to higher @entity320 detections: this means that an in-depth knowledge of @entity320 patterns is required and follow-up of suspicious moles is highly suggested.

title: Impact of digital dermoscopy analysis on the decision to follow up or to excise a XXXX : a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic moles']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented skin lesions', 'PSL']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'MM', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['pigmented skin lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 ) was designed as a rating scale for the severity of dysfunction in the cognitive and @entity73 that are characteristic of @entity1 with @entity195 . Its subscale, the @entity11509 -cog, is a cognitive testing instrument most widely used to measure the impact of the disease. However, the @entity11509 -cog takes more than 45 min to administer and requires a qualified clinical psychologist as the rater. A more comprehensive rating battery is therefore required. In the present study, we developed a computerized test battery named the Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS), which was intended to substitute for the @entity11509 -Cog, and was specifically designed to rate @entity73 quickly and without the need of a specialist rater. METHODS: The hardware for the TDAS comprises a 14-inch touch panel display and computer devices built into one case. The TDAS runs on Windows @entity3012 and was bundled with a custom program made with reference to the @entity11509 -cog. @entity1 in the present study were 34 @entity1 with @entity195 . Each @entity1 was administered the @entity11509 -cog and the TDAS. The test scores for each @entity1 were compared to determine whether the severity of @entity73 of the @entity1 could be rated equally as well by both tests. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the total scores (r= 0.69, P < 0.01) on the two scales for each @entity1 . The Kendall coefficients of concordance obtained for the three corresponding pairs of tasks (word recognition, orientation, and naming object and fingers) showed the three TDAS tasks can rate symptoms of @entity73 equally as well as the corresponding items on the @entity11509 -cog. CONCLUSIONS: The TDAS appears to be a sensitive and comprehensive assessment battery for rating the symptoms of @entity195 , and can be substituted for the @entity11509 -cog.

title: Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale: a new computer-based rating scale for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['non-cognitive behaviours', 'cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ) is a heterogeneous @entity74 . The Rome III consensus proposed a subdivision into @entity158 , based on gastroduodenal symptom pattern only; @entity1209 were classified as separate @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). We aimed to investigate an alternative subdivision of @entity2383 , taking into account gastric sensorimotor function, @entity148 _ @entity308 and 'somatization', besides gastroduodenal symptoms. METHODS: Gastroduodenal symptom data were available for 857 consecutive @entity2383 @entity1 (Rome II criteria). In a subsample (n=259), additional data were obtained on gastric sensitivity, @entity148 , @entity308 and 'somatization'. Two separate cluster analyses were performed. In analysis 1, clustering was based on individual gastroduodenal symptom scores. In analysis 2, gastric sensitivity, @entity148 _ @entity308 and 'somatization', besides @entity1109 score, were used for clustering. KEY RESULTS: Analysis 1 identified four clusters, largely supporting the Rome III classification, with early satiation, @entity158 and @entity1209 , besides a limited severity cluster (R(2) = 0.32). Analysis 2 suggested a five-cluster solution (R(2) = 0.48). @entity148 , @entity308 and 'somatization' were the most important variables separating the clusters. 'Primary somatization' (with low psychiatric symptom levels) as well as 'secondary somatization' (with high @entity148 _ @entity308 scores) subgroups were identified, besides three other subgroups characterized by @entity146 , mild @entity148 and limited overall severity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: We propose an alternative to the current subgrouping in @entity2383 that is exclusively based on gastroduodenal symptoms. This may have consequences for future classification of @entity2383 , as well as broader relevance towards the debate on subgrouping 'functional somatic syndromes'.

title: Do we have an alternative for the Rome III gastroduodenal symptom-based subgroups in XXXX ? A cluster analysis approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric/gastroduodenal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['total gastroduodenal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting clusters', 'nausea/vomiting- and belching disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['biopsychosocial disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'Functional dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['functional gastroduodenal disorders', 'FGD']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['functional gastroduodenal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several imaging techniques have been advocated as clinical adjuncts to improve identification of suspicious @entity75 . However, these have not yet shown superior sensitivity or specificity over conventional oral examination techniques. We developed a multimodal, multi-scale optical imaging system that combines macroscopic biochemical imaging of fluorescence lifetime imaging with subcellular morphologic imaging of reflectance confocal microscopy for early detection of @entity5 . We tested our system on excised @entity1 oral tissues. STUDY DESIGN: In total, 4 tissue specimens were imaged. These specimens were diagnosed as either clinically normal, @entity8619 , @entity7138 , or superficially invasive @entity957 . The optical and fluorescence lifetime properties of each specimen were recorded. RESULTS: Both quantitative and qualitative differences among normal, benign, and @entity957 lesions can be resolved with fluorescence lifetime imaging reflectance confocal microscopy. The results demonstrate that an integrated approach based on these two methods can potentially enable rapid screening and evaluation of large areas of oral epithelial tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Early results from ongoing studies of imaging @entity1 oral cavity illustrate the synergistic combination of the 2 modalities. An adjunct device based on such optical characterization of oral mucosa can potentially be used to detect oral carcinogenesis in early stages.

title: A novel multimodal optical imaging system for early detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity7138 :: ('MESH:D005885', 'Disease') :: ['gingival hyperplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3600 (BCNU) wafer (Gliadel(  ) Wafer) implantation after @entity5 resection is an approved treatment for high-grade @entity11 (HGG). These wafers change various characteristics on early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ep-MRI) including slight expansion of high-intensity areas on T2-weighted imaging (ep-T2-HIAs) into adjacent parenchyma without restricted diffusivity. We assessed the frequency of the ep-T2-HIAs after BCNU wafer implantation in HGG @entity1 . Moreover, we focused on ep-T2-HIA expansion and its relation to delayed @entity2657 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive HGG @entity1 who underwent BCNU wafer implantation were assessed. First, @entity1 were divided into ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, and the incidence of delayed adverse effects was compared between the two groups. Subsequently, the @entity1 were divided into delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups, and pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The ep-T2-HIA expansion and the delayed @entity4 were evident in 9 cases (36%) and 12 cases (48%), respectively. In comparison of the ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, delayed @entity4 was the only delayed adverse effect associated with ep-T2-HIA expansion (P = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher ratio of delayed @entity4 in the subgroups with maximal diameter of removed cavity  <=40 mm (P = 0.047) and the ep-T2-HIA expansion in comparison of the delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the ep-T2-HIA expansion was the only independent factor associated with delayed @entity4 (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: In BCNU wafer implantation cases, ep-T2-HIA expansion was a predictive factor for delayed @entity2657 .

title: Early Postoperative Expansion of Parenchymal High-intensity Areas on T2-weighted Imaging Predicts Delayed XXXX Caused by @entity3600 Wafer Implantation in @entity1 with High-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['Carmustine']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3600 (BCNU) wafer (Gliadel(  ) Wafer) implantation after @entity5 resection is an approved treatment for high-grade @entity11 (HGG). These wafers change various characteristics on early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ep-MRI) including slight expansion of high-intensity areas on T2-weighted imaging (ep-T2-HIAs) into adjacent parenchyma without restricted diffusivity. We assessed the frequency of the ep-T2-HIAs after BCNU wafer implantation in HGG @entity1 . Moreover, we focused on ep-T2-HIA expansion and its relation to delayed @entity2657 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive HGG @entity1 who underwent BCNU wafer implantation were assessed. First, @entity1 were divided into ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, and the incidence of delayed adverse effects was compared between the two groups. Subsequently, the @entity1 were divided into delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups, and pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The ep-T2-HIA expansion and the delayed @entity4 were evident in 9 cases (36%) and 12 cases (48%), respectively. In comparison of the ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, delayed @entity4 was the only delayed adverse effect associated with ep-T2-HIA expansion (P = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher ratio of delayed @entity4 in the subgroups with maximal diameter of removed cavity  <=40 mm (P = 0.047) and the ep-T2-HIA expansion in comparison of the delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the ep-T2-HIA expansion was the only independent factor associated with delayed @entity4 (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: In BCNU wafer implantation cases, ep-T2-HIA expansion was a predictive factor for delayed @entity2657 .

title: Early Postoperative Expansion of Parenchymal High-intensity Areas on T2-weighted Imaging Predicts Delayed @entity2657 Caused by @entity3600 Wafer Implantation in @entity1 with High-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3600 (BCNU) wafer (Gliadel(  ) Wafer) implantation after @entity5 resection is an approved treatment for high-grade @entity11 (HGG). These wafers change various characteristics on early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ep-MRI) including slight expansion of high-intensity areas on T2-weighted imaging (ep-T2-HIAs) into adjacent parenchyma without restricted diffusivity. We assessed the frequency of the ep-T2-HIAs after BCNU wafer implantation in HGG @entity1 . Moreover, we focused on ep-T2-HIA expansion and its relation to delayed @entity2657 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive HGG @entity1 who underwent BCNU wafer implantation were assessed. First, @entity1 were divided into ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, and the incidence of delayed adverse effects was compared between the two groups. Subsequently, the @entity1 were divided into delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups, and pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The ep-T2-HIA expansion and the delayed @entity4 were evident in 9 cases (36%) and 12 cases (48%), respectively. In comparison of the ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, delayed @entity4 was the only delayed adverse effect associated with ep-T2-HIA expansion (P = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher ratio of delayed @entity4 in the subgroups with maximal diameter of removed cavity  <=40 mm (P = 0.047) and the ep-T2-HIA expansion in comparison of the delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the ep-T2-HIA expansion was the only independent factor associated with delayed @entity4 (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: In BCNU wafer implantation cases, ep-T2-HIA expansion was a predictive factor for delayed @entity2657 .

title: Early Postoperative Expansion of Parenchymal High-intensity Areas on T2-weighted Imaging Predicts Delayed @entity2657 Caused by XXXX Wafer Implantation in @entity1 with High-grade @entity11 .

answer: @entity3600 :: (MESH:D002330,Chemical) :: ['Carmustine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3600 (BCNU) wafer (Gliadel(  ) Wafer) implantation after @entity5 resection is an approved treatment for high-grade @entity11 (HGG). These wafers change various characteristics on early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (ep-MRI) including slight expansion of high-intensity areas on T2-weighted imaging (ep-T2-HIAs) into adjacent parenchyma without restricted diffusivity. We assessed the frequency of the ep-T2-HIAs after BCNU wafer implantation in HGG @entity1 . Moreover, we focused on ep-T2-HIA expansion and its relation to delayed @entity2657 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive HGG @entity1 who underwent BCNU wafer implantation were assessed. First, @entity1 were divided into ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, and the incidence of delayed adverse effects was compared between the two groups. Subsequently, the @entity1 were divided into delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups, and pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The ep-T2-HIA expansion and the delayed @entity4 were evident in 9 cases (36%) and 12 cases (48%), respectively. In comparison of the ep-T2-HIA and non-ep-T2-HIA groups, delayed @entity4 was the only delayed adverse effect associated with ep-T2-HIA expansion (P = 0.004). Univariate analysis showed a significantly higher ratio of delayed @entity4 in the subgroups with maximal diameter of removed cavity  <=40 mm (P = 0.047) and the ep-T2-HIA expansion in comparison of the delayed @entity4 and non-delayed @entity4 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the ep-T2-HIA expansion was the only independent factor associated with delayed @entity4 (P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: In BCNU wafer implantation cases, ep-T2-HIA expansion was a predictive factor for delayed @entity2657 .

title: Early Postoperative Expansion of Parenchymal High-intensity Areas on T2-weighted Imaging Predicts Delayed @entity2657 Caused by @entity3600 Wafer Implantation in XXXX with High-grade @entity11 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Predisposing risk factors, clinical course, and prognosis of @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) remain poorly understood. We reviewed medical records and coronary angiograms of @entity1 admitted to our institution with the diagnosis of @entity13865 from 1999 through 2010. A definite diagnosis of @entity13865 required the agreement of 2 blinded board-certified interventional cardiologists who reviewed all images separately. Baseline characteristics of @entity1 (n = 23) included mean age 45    11 years, female gender in all (100%), history of @entity101 in 13 (57%), and postpartum in 7 (30%). Eleven (48%) had ST-segment elevation on initial electrocardiogram. @entity13865 involved the left main in 5 @entity1 (21.7%), left anterior descending coronary artery in 16 (70%), left circumflex coronary artery in 8 (35%), and right coronary artery in 6 (26%). Four @entity1 (17%) underwent coronary stenting and 6 (26%) required urgent bypass surgery. Comparison between postpartum and nonpostpartum @entity1 revealed significant differences in mean peak troponin levels: 50    34 ng/ml vs 21    23, p = 0.04, mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 34    6% vs 49    9, p <0.01, proximal coronary segment distribution: 6 (86%) vs 3 (19%), p = 0.004, and left anterior descending coronary artery distribution: 7 (100%) vs 9 (56%), p = 0.04, respectively. Repeat coronary angiographies were performed in 11 @entity1 (46%) during a mean follow-up of 39    38 months and 10 (91%) were found to have healed @entity13865 , including those who had undergone bypass surgery. In conclusion, our @entity1 with @entity13865 were characterized by female gender, absence of coronary risk factors, and a high rate of @entity455 without residual stenosis. Larger @entity1188 was found in postpartum @entity1 .

title: Presentation and therapy of XXXX and comparisons of postpartum versus nonpostpartum cases.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular healing']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity13865 :: ('MESH:C565153', 'Disease') :: ['SCAD', 'spontaneous coronary artery dissection']

answer: @entity13865 :: (MESH:C565153,Disease) :: ['spontaneous coronary artery dissection']


abstract: Parasite loads of animals vary among individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. Here, we investigated whether health status of hedgehogs ( @entity15461 ) is correlated with tick burden, and whether chemical cues linked to the health status of the host mediate attraction of the tick @entity24496 . An ecological survey conducted over 10 years, involving 226 wild hedgehogs, revealed a strong association between health status and tick burden of hedgehogs, with healthy animals being less likely to carry ticks than unhealthy ones. Behavioral choice tests demonstrated that ticks display a preference for the fecal odor from sick hedgehogs compared with healthy ones. Chemical analysis of fecal odors using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed differences in the odor profile between sick and healthy hedgehogs. Sick animals tended to exhibit raised levels of the volatile aromatic heterocyclic compound @entity104 in their feces. Ticks were attracted to @entity104 when given the choice between @entity104 and a solvent control. However, fecal matter from healthy hosts, with the addition of @entity104 , was not attractive to ticks, suggesting that @entity104 interacts with other, undetected compounds in mediating attraction. This study implies that it is the attraction to fecal odor that causes higher tick burdens in sick hedgehogs. Ticks might benefit from this preference by avoiding possible repulsion mechanisms of healthy hosts. We suggest that ticks potentially choose their host based on odor linked to the host's health status.

title: The fecal odor of sick hedgehogs ( XXXX ) mediates olfactory attraction of the tick @entity24496 .

entities_list: @entity24496 :: ('34612', 'Species') :: ['Ixodes hexagonus']

entities_list: @entity15461 :: ('9365', 'Species') :: ['Erinaceus europaeus']

answer: @entity15461 :: (9365,Species) :: ['Erinaceus europaeus']


abstract: Parasite loads of animals vary among individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. Here, we investigated whether health status of hedgehogs ( @entity15461 ) is correlated with tick burden, and whether chemical cues linked to the health status of the host mediate attraction of the tick @entity24496 . An ecological survey conducted over 10 years, involving 226 wild hedgehogs, revealed a strong association between health status and tick burden of hedgehogs, with healthy animals being less likely to carry ticks than unhealthy ones. Behavioral choice tests demonstrated that ticks display a preference for the fecal odor from sick hedgehogs compared with healthy ones. Chemical analysis of fecal odors using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed differences in the odor profile between sick and healthy hedgehogs. Sick animals tended to exhibit raised levels of the volatile aromatic heterocyclic compound @entity104 in their feces. Ticks were attracted to @entity104 when given the choice between @entity104 and a solvent control. However, fecal matter from healthy hosts, with the addition of @entity104 , was not attractive to ticks, suggesting that @entity104 interacts with other, undetected compounds in mediating attraction. This study implies that it is the attraction to fecal odor that causes higher tick burdens in sick hedgehogs. Ticks might benefit from this preference by avoiding possible repulsion mechanisms of healthy hosts. We suggest that ticks potentially choose their host based on odor linked to the host's health status.

title: The fecal odor of sick hedgehogs ( @entity15461 ) mediates olfactory attraction of the tick XXXX .

answer: @entity24496 :: (34612,Species) :: ['Ixodes hexagonus']


abstract: Magnetic nanoparticle mediated low heat @entity221 (42~45( o )C) via alternating electromagnetic (AEM) energy is a promising, @entity5 specific and minimally-invasive @entity5 therapy. @entity1933 particles frequently used for this therapy are non-toxic and already used as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. One important issue in the @entity221 is applying an appropriate amount of @entity5 at various sizes and depths, with a minimal damage to normal tissue. For the therapy to be desirable, the AEM energy applicator needs to be non-invasive and user-friendly. To better understand the effect of the probe on the magnetic field distribution, computer simulation was performed for the field distribution by probes with various configurations. In a solenoid-type probe, the field is mainly inside the probe and, therefore, is difficult to use on body. A pancake-shaped probe is easy to use but the field penetration is shallow and, thus, may better serve surface @entity5 treatment. A sandwich probe, composed of two pancake probes, has a penetration depth deeper than a pancake probe. The results also showed that the spacing between two adjacent coils and the number of coil turns are very important for controlling the field penetration depth and strength. Experiments were also performed to study the effects of the size and concentration of @entity1933 nanoparticles on heating. Among the tested particle sizes of 10~50 nm, 30 nm particles showed the best heating for the same mass.

title: Effect of AEM energy applicator configuration on magnetic nanoparticle mediated XXXX for breast cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'energy to the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['Iron oxide', 'iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Candida is a saprophytic @entity375 that is frequently recovered from the respiratory tract. Most @entity75 are due to Aspergillus species growing inside an existing cavity. The saprophytic nature of the Candida species in the @entity1 respiratory tract obscures diagnosis of @entity358 . Only a few cases of @entity13443 due to Can-dida have been reported. We report a case of @entity13443 caused by @entity5132 in a @entity6 @entity1 . Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and certain points strongly favoured the diagnosis. The @entity1 was immunocompromised due to uncontrolled @entity6 . @entity5132 was grown from bronchial and repeatedly from sputum samples and Candida antigen was positive from blood in high titre. There was a good clinical as well as radiological response to antifungal therapy and Candida antigen became negative. We emphasize that in the immunosuppressed host, a @entity13443 -like lesion may be caused by Candida @entity358 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity13443 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic immunocompromised tuberculous', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mycetoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Candida pulmonary infections', 'pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary candidiasis']


abstract: Candida is a saprophytic @entity375 that is frequently recovered from the respiratory tract. Most @entity75 are due to Aspergillus species growing inside an existing cavity. The saprophytic nature of the Candida species in the @entity1 respiratory tract obscures diagnosis of @entity358 . Only a few cases of @entity13443 due to Can-dida have been reported. We report a case of @entity13443 caused by @entity5132 in a @entity6 @entity1 . Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and certain points strongly favoured the diagnosis. The @entity1 was immunocompromised due to uncontrolled @entity6 . @entity5132 was grown from bronchial and repeatedly from sputum samples and Candida antigen was positive from blood in high titre. There was a good clinical as well as radiological response to antifungal therapy and Candida antigen became negative. We emphasize that in the immunosuppressed host, a @entity13443 -like lesion may be caused by Candida @entity358 .

title: @entity358 presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity13443 :: (MESH:D008271,Disease) :: ['mycetoma']


abstract: Although @entity1 @entity13975 ( @entity13975 ) could provide a useful approach for cellular protection in the @entity63 heart, constitutive overexpression of @entity13975 may lead to unwanted side effects. To avoid this, we designed a @entity519 -regulated @entity13975 gene therapy system that can be switched on and off. This vigilant plasmid system is composed of @entity21540 promoter and a gene switch that is based on an @entity26 -dependent degradation domain from the @entity519 inducible factor-1-alpha. The vector can sense @entity63 and switch on the @entity13975 gene system, specifically in the heart. In an in vivo experiment, the vigilant @entity13975 plasmid or saline was injected intramyocardially into @entity583 @entity19 or sham operation @entity19 . After gene transfer, expression of @entity13975 was only detected in the @entity63 heart treated with vigilant @entity13975 plasmids. Masson trichrome staining showed significantly fewer fibrotic areas in vigilant @entity13975 plasmids-treated @entity19 compared with saline control (43.0%+/-4.8% versus 62.5%+/-3.3%, P<0.01). The reduction of interstitial @entity82 is accompanied by an increase in myocardial @entity13975 expression in peri- @entity1188 border areas, concomitant with higher @entity1379 levels and lower @entity1380 , @entity11955 , and @entity185 levels in the @entity63 compared with saline control. By use of a cardiac catheter, heart from vigilant @entity13975 plasmids-treated @entity19 showed improved recovery of contractile and diastolic performance after @entity583 compared with saline control. This study documents the beneficial regulation and therapeutic potential of vigilant plasmid-mediated @entity13975 gene transfer. This novel gene transfer strategy can provide cardiac-specific protection from future repeated bouts of @entity63 .

title: Protection from XXXX heart injury by a vigilant heme oxygenase-1 plasmid system.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Intrasplenic metastases from @entity43 cannot be always demonstrated intraoperatively. CT is the most important imaging modality of choice for staging and follow-up @entity43 ; in this study we searched CT appearances of intrasplenic metastases from @entity43 . We retrospectively reviewed imaging histories of the @entity1 with @entity43 from the radiology information system, and found 12 @entity1 with intrasplenic @entity3 . All @entity1 underwent abdominal CT with 16-MDCT. We searched number, density and maximum diameters of splenic @entity3 . The growing rate of three lesions, which were followed up by CT, was calculated. Serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 levels were noted. We also evaluated clinical history and pathology reports of all @entity1 . Splenic metastases, solitary or multiple, were detected most frequently during the follow-up (1-14 years after initial diagnosis) and most were associated with other sites of recurrence. The diameters of lesions ranged from 4 to 85mm. All lesions appeared hypodense except for one lesion with dense @entity730 . Densities of lesions ranged from 12 to 208 Hounsfield units (mean, 49  51HU). Most lesions appeared as solid well-defined nodules; however some lesions had lobulated and irregular contours with an infiltrative pattern. The growing rates of three lesions were 0.72mm/month, 1.75mm/month and 2.70mm/month. Eight @entity1 had elevated serum CA 125 levels (40-1256U/mL). We concluded that CT can demonstrate intraparenchymal and infiltrative splenic @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity43 even in the absence of increased CA 125 levels.

title: CT diagnosis of intrasplenic XXXX from @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Intrasplenic metastases from @entity43 cannot be always demonstrated intraoperatively. CT is the most important imaging modality of choice for staging and follow-up @entity43 ; in this study we searched CT appearances of intrasplenic metastases from @entity43 . We retrospectively reviewed imaging histories of the @entity1 with @entity43 from the radiology information system, and found 12 @entity1 with intrasplenic @entity3 . All @entity1 underwent abdominal CT with 16-MDCT. We searched number, density and maximum diameters of splenic @entity3 . The growing rate of three lesions, which were followed up by CT, was calculated. Serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 levels were noted. We also evaluated clinical history and pathology reports of all @entity1 . Splenic metastases, solitary or multiple, were detected most frequently during the follow-up (1-14 years after initial diagnosis) and most were associated with other sites of recurrence. The diameters of lesions ranged from 4 to 85mm. All lesions appeared hypodense except for one lesion with dense @entity730 . Densities of lesions ranged from 12 to 208 Hounsfield units (mean, 49  51HU). Most lesions appeared as solid well-defined nodules; however some lesions had lobulated and irregular contours with an infiltrative pattern. The growing rates of three lesions were 0.72mm/month, 1.75mm/month and 2.70mm/month. Eight @entity1 had elevated serum CA 125 levels (40-1256U/mL). We concluded that CT can demonstrate intraparenchymal and infiltrative splenic @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity43 even in the absence of increased CA 125 levels.

title: CT diagnosis of intrasplenic @entity3 from XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the potential of inhibition of @entity25491 as a treatment for @entity792 . A highly selective @entity25491 inhibitor, @entity72678 , was shown to upregulate levels of the @entity25491 substrate, invariant chain Lip10, in vitro as well as in vivo in C57Bl/6 @entity19 after oral administration. Functional activity of the compound was shown by a reduction in the OVA-specific response of OVA-sensitized splenocytes from C57Bl/6 @entity19 as well as from OVA-TCR @entity19 (DO11.10). Since these studies revealed a selective suppression of the @entity630 and Th17 cytokines causing a shift to @entity61 , @entity72678 was tested in the @entity19 HC-gp39-immunization model. Indeed, @entity72678 specifically reduced the circulating HC-gp39-specific @entity9749 in these @entity19 indicating selective inhibition of the @entity630 type of response in vivo. The importance of especially the @entity630 and Th17 cell subsets in the pathology of @entity792 , renders @entity468 inhibition a highly interesting potential therapeutic treatment of @entity792 . Therefore, @entity72678 was tested in a @entity19 model of @entity15 (i.e. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 )) in a semi-therapeutic setting (ie. oral treatment after initial sensitization to antigen). Finally, in a @entity19 model with features resembling @entity309 (the @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) model), @entity72678 was tested in a therapeutic manner (after disease development). @entity72678 caused a significant @entity66 score in both disease models, indicating a promising role for @entity468 inhibitors in the area of therapeutic treatments for @entity792 .

title: Therapeutic dosing of an orally active, selective @entity25491 inhibitor suppresses disease in models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in disease']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the potential of inhibition of @entity25491 as a treatment for @entity792 . A highly selective @entity25491 inhibitor, @entity72678 , was shown to upregulate levels of the @entity25491 substrate, invariant chain Lip10, in vitro as well as in vivo in C57Bl/6 @entity19 after oral administration. Functional activity of the compound was shown by a reduction in the OVA-specific response of OVA-sensitized splenocytes from C57Bl/6 @entity19 as well as from OVA-TCR @entity19 (DO11.10). Since these studies revealed a selective suppression of the @entity630 and Th17 cytokines causing a shift to @entity61 , @entity72678 was tested in the @entity19 HC-gp39-immunization model. Indeed, @entity72678 specifically reduced the circulating HC-gp39-specific @entity9749 in these @entity19 indicating selective inhibition of the @entity630 type of response in vivo. The importance of especially the @entity630 and Th17 cell subsets in the pathology of @entity792 , renders @entity468 inhibition a highly interesting potential therapeutic treatment of @entity792 . Therefore, @entity72678 was tested in a @entity19 model of @entity15 (i.e. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 )) in a semi-therapeutic setting (ie. oral treatment after initial sensitization to antigen). Finally, in a @entity19 model with features resembling @entity309 (the @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) model), @entity72678 was tested in a therapeutic manner (after disease development). @entity72678 caused a significant @entity66 score in both disease models, indicating a promising role for @entity468 inhibitors in the area of therapeutic treatments for @entity792 .

title: Therapeutic dosing of an orally active, selective XXXX inhibitor suppresses disease in models of @entity792 .

answer: @entity25491 :: (13040(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cathepsin S']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Lyon R90-01 randomized trial investigated whether the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery influenced @entity5 outcome. Long-term results are reported here after a median follow-up of 17  years. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 1991 and December 1995, 210 @entity1 from 29 French centers were randomly assigned (ratio of 1:1) to groups that waited either 2  weeks (short interval [SI]) or 6 to 8  weeks ( @entity1162 [ @entity1162 ]) between neoadjuvant radiation therapy and surgery. The primary endpoint was sphincter-preserving surgery. RESULTS: @entity1162 group showed a better pathologic response (complete response or few residual cells) after radiation therapy than the SI group (26% vs 10.3%, P=.015). A better pathologic response was associated in multivariate analysis with significant improvement of overall survival (pT: P=.0293 and pN: P=.0048) but it was irrespective of the interval duration. The median follow-up was 17.2  years. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 17-year overall survival rates were, respectively, 66.8%, 48.7%, 40.0%, and 34.0% for the SI group and, respectively, 67.1%, 53.5%, 41.9%, and 34.0% for the @entity1162 group. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of survival (P=.7656) or local recurrence rates (SI: 14.4% vs @entity1162 : 12.1%, respectively; P=.6202). Of 24 local disease recurrences, 20 (83%) occurred during the first 2 postoperative years, and all but one (96%) occurred during the first 5 postoperative years. The rate of second new @entity5 was 9.4% (19 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The radiation-induced sterilization rate of the preoperative @entity5 specimen was a marker of good prognosis. The interval duration (the treatment being the same) although it is modifying the sterilization rate has no impact on survival. Radiation therapy did not postpone local recurrence, because the rate of local relapse after 5  years was low. @entity15698 after radiation therapy were unusual and should not influence treatment decisions in adults.

title: Pathologic Response, When Increased by Longer Interval, Is a Marker but Not the Cause of  Good Prognosis in XXXX : 17-year Follow-up of the Lyon R90-01 Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation-induced cancers']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'long interval']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) is associated with @entity32 and infection, and it may involve the loss of a barrier to ascending infection from the vagina, and it is possible that prolonged @entity13493 could be an independent risk factor for @entity295 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether prolonged latency after @entity13493 is associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis of the randomized controlled trial of @entity2399 for the prevention of @entity306 evaluated whether the time interval between diagnosis of @entity13493 and delivery was associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . Latency time was categorized by weeks of latency (0 weeks to >=  4 weeks). The primary outcome was confirmed @entity295 . Logistic regression was used to control for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 1596 @entity1 with @entity13493 were analyzed, of whom 1390 had a < 4-week interval and 206 had an interval of >=  4 weeks. @entity295 occurred in 15.5% of @entity1 in the cohort. In the univariate analysis, @entity1 in the prolonged @entity13493 group were less likely to have @entity295 (6.8% vs 17.2%, relative risk, 0.40 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.66). This relationship was retained in the multivariable model; @entity1 with prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.21 (95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.41) for @entity295 . @entity295 was also significantly associated with earlier gestational age at @entity397 . CONCLUSION: Prolonged exposure to an intrauterine environment of @entity13493 does not increase the risk of @entity295 ; prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks was associated with decreased risk of @entity295 .

title: Prolonged latency of preterm premature XXXX and risk of @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal sepsis', 'Confirmed neonatal sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm premature rupture of membranes', 'PPROM']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) is associated with @entity32 and infection, and it may involve the loss of a barrier to ascending infection from the vagina, and it is possible that prolonged @entity13493 could be an independent risk factor for @entity295 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether prolonged latency after @entity13493 is associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis of the randomized controlled trial of @entity2399 for the prevention of @entity306 evaluated whether the time interval between diagnosis of @entity13493 and delivery was associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . Latency time was categorized by weeks of latency (0 weeks to >=  4 weeks). The primary outcome was confirmed @entity295 . Logistic regression was used to control for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 1596 @entity1 with @entity13493 were analyzed, of whom 1390 had a < 4-week interval and 206 had an interval of >=  4 weeks. @entity295 occurred in 15.5% of @entity1 in the cohort. In the univariate analysis, @entity1 in the prolonged @entity13493 group were less likely to have @entity295 (6.8% vs 17.2%, relative risk, 0.40 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.66). This relationship was retained in the multivariable model; @entity1 with prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.21 (95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.41) for @entity295 . @entity295 was also significantly associated with earlier gestational age at @entity397 . CONCLUSION: Prolonged exposure to an intrauterine environment of @entity13493 does not increase the risk of @entity295 ; prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks was associated with decreased risk of @entity295 .

title: Prolonged latency of preterm premature @entity397 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['neonatal sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study retrospectively compared the clinical benefits of periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) and continuous femoral @entity616 (CFNB) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: From 2010 to 2012, 520 primary TKAs were performed, and @entity1 were treated with CFNB or PMDI after surgery. @entity1 who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA were excluded, leaving 185 and 166 @entity1 in the CFNB and PMDI groups, respectively. Numeric rating scale for @entity158 (NRS) scores and analgesic consumption were evaluated to compare the effectiveness of @entity158 control between the groups. Further, range of motion (ROM), extension lag, the time to recovery of functions, and postoperative @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were monitored. Complications such as deep @entity281 were assessed. RESULTS: The PMDI group displayed a significantly smaller NRS score on postoperative day (POD) 1 and lower analgesic consumption on PODs 0 and 1. The times to functional recovery were significantly shorter and the extension lag was smaller in the PMDI group. Furthermore, @entity1851 levels were lower in the PMDI group by POD 7. No obvious deep infections were noted. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that PMDI induced earlier functional recovery after TKA than CFNB, partially via its analgesic effect.

title: Periarticular multimodal drug injection improves post-operative XXXX and functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In most primary @entity296 , early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E') decreases with disease progression. To our knowledge, @entity3822 ( @entity3822 ) is the only condition without this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic and pathophysiologic role of mitral annulus velocity in @entity1 with @entity3822 . METHODS: In all, 17 @entity1 with @entity3822 (9 @entity1 ; mean age 46.5 +/- 14.3 years), 8 @entity1 with @entity2293 (Tamp) (2 @entity1 ; mean age 44.5 +/- 15.0 years), and age- and sex-matched control subjects for @entity3822 and Tamp were recruited for the study. Early mitral inflow velocity and E' were obtained while simultaneously recording respiration. In 8 @entity1 with @entity3822 and in all @entity1 with Tamp, these measurements were repeated after the relief of constrictive physiology or after pericardiocentesis. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity3822 , E' was significantly higher than it was for control subjects (12.9 +/- 3.0 cm/s vs 9.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s, P <.01). An E' of 2 cm/s higher than the predicted normal E' could differentiate @entity1 with @entity3822 from control subjects with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 82%. In 12 of 17 @entity1 (71%), inspiratory E' was higher than expiratory E'-the opposite of mitral inflow variation. In 8 @entity1 , E' decreased significantly after the relief of constrictive physiology (13.8 +/- 2.5 cm/s vs 9.3 +/- 3.1 cm/s, P <.05). In contrast, E' in the Tamp group was significantly lower than in the control group (6.8 +/- 1.6 cm/s vs 10.2 +/- 2.5 cm/s, P <.01), did not show significant respiratory variation, and increased significantly after pericardiocentesis (6.8 +/- 1.6 cm/s vs 9.5 +/- 3.0 cm/s, P <.05). CONCLUSION: E' is exaggerated in @entity3822 , which is helpful for diagnosis. The opposite phenomenon was noted in Tamp, a dissimilarity that might contribute to different hemodynamics.

title: Unique features of early diastolic mitral annulus velocity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial diseases']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Harmful @entity10673 (HABs) have increasingly occurred worldwide and pose serious threats to water environment safety. In this study, a compound flocculant (CFAL-Chitosan) was developed for HABs mitigation where chitosan was modified by @entity56611 @entity238 ash leachate (CFAL). When using optimized dosage of CFAL-Chitosan flocculant, the zeta potential of @entity16589 (M.A.) flocs stayed close to zero and algal removal efficiency plateaued over 90% in a wide dosage range from 3 to 6  mg  L(-1). For chitosan without CFAL, removal efficiency peaked at 3  mg  L(-1) with a maximum removal efficiency of 81%, which quickly decreased as the dosage increased (>3  mg  L(-1)) due to the fast reversal of zeta potential. This indicated that CFAL-Chitosan could maintain a better removal efficiency over a wide dosage range as a result of improved charge neutralization compared with the chitosan only treatment. The flocs of CFAL-Chitosan were larger and denser than produced in the presence of chitosan without CFAL. However, excessive CFAL beyond the optimized dose inhibited M.A. removal due to hydrolysis and declining molecular weight of chitosan that weakened the bridging-netting properties, where surface charge reversal happened within a narrow dosage range and the removal-dosage curve became parabolic. The pH and metal residuals that were assumed to pose a threat to the aquatic environment were not significantly affected by adding optimized dosage of CFAL-Chitosan. The study provides a HABs control method using a cheap material of @entity3795 . Further studies are needed to check the potential influence of leachable metals and persistent organic pollutants in @entity3795 under a wide range of environmental condition.

title: Flocculation of cyanobacterial cells using @entity56611 XXXX ash modified chitosan.

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['algal blooms']

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['Microcystis aeruginosa']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Harmful @entity10673 (HABs) have increasingly occurred worldwide and pose serious threats to water environment safety. In this study, a compound flocculant (CFAL-Chitosan) was developed for HABs mitigation where chitosan was modified by @entity56611 @entity238 ash leachate (CFAL). When using optimized dosage of CFAL-Chitosan flocculant, the zeta potential of @entity16589 (M.A.) flocs stayed close to zero and algal removal efficiency plateaued over 90% in a wide dosage range from 3 to 6  mg  L(-1). For chitosan without CFAL, removal efficiency peaked at 3  mg  L(-1) with a maximum removal efficiency of 81%, which quickly decreased as the dosage increased (>3  mg  L(-1)) due to the fast reversal of zeta potential. This indicated that CFAL-Chitosan could maintain a better removal efficiency over a wide dosage range as a result of improved charge neutralization compared with the chitosan only treatment. The flocs of CFAL-Chitosan were larger and denser than produced in the presence of chitosan without CFAL. However, excessive CFAL beyond the optimized dose inhibited M.A. removal due to hydrolysis and declining molecular weight of chitosan that weakened the bridging-netting properties, where surface charge reversal happened within a narrow dosage range and the removal-dosage curve became parabolic. The pH and metal residuals that were assumed to pose a threat to the aquatic environment were not significantly affected by adding optimized dosage of CFAL-Chitosan. The study provides a HABs control method using a cheap material of @entity3795 . Further studies are needed to check the potential influence of leachable metals and persistent organic pollutants in @entity3795 under a wide range of environmental condition.

title: Flocculation of cyanobacterial cells using XXXX @entity238 ash modified chitosan.

answer: @entity56611 :: (MESH:D003031,Chemical) :: ['coal']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the established therapies for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in Spain and to assess compliance with the 2010 UAE guidelines. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was an epidemiological, observational, prospective and multicentre study. Of the 3,918 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 during 2010, only those @entity1 with localised @entity263 were included. Follow-up was ultimately conducted for a minimum of one year from the diagnosis for 3,713 @entity1 (94.77%). The treatment groups assessed were as follows: radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, brachytherapy, active surveillance or observation and experimental local treatment (cryotherapy or other treatment). Compliance with the recommendations of the EAU guidelines was studied, describing the treatment groups according to D'Amico risk stratification criteria (localised [low, intermediate and high risk] and locally advanced), age, @entity11179 and Gleason score. RESULTS: By applying the D'Amico criteria, we included 3,641 (92.93%) @entity1 . Based on the UAE recommendations: 1) 68.87% of the @entity1 at low-intermediate risk aged <=65 years underwent radical prostatectomy; 2) 34.51% of the @entity1 >65 years at high risk with locally advanced disease were administered radiation therapy and hormone therapy; 3) 30.36% of the @entity1 at high risk with locally advanced disease were only treated with hormone therapy; 4) 15.20% of the @entity1 at low risk were only treated with brachytherapy; 5) active surveillance or observation was selected for 2.44% of the @entity1 aged <=65 years and for 10.63% of the @entity1 at low-intermediate risk who were>65 years. Lastly, 86.5% of the @entity1 at low risk underwent a single treatment, and 43.62% of the @entity1 at high risk with locally advanced disease underwent combined treatments. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first national European study to evaluate the therapeutic management of localised @entity263 based on the risk group to which the @entity1 belonged. Most young @entity1 ( <=65 years) with low-intermediate risk localised @entity263 were treated with surgery, which adheres to the recommendations of the 2010 UAE guidelines. Various therapeutic combinations have been employed for @entity1 with high-risk, locally advanced @entity5 , revealing the need for a multidisciplinary approach (Controlled-trials.com number: ISRCTN19893319).

title: Treatment trends for clinically XXXX . National population analysis: GESCAP group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localised tumours']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: We report on the first screening round in the District of Ferrara, a region of Emilia-Romagna, carried out between March 2005 and March 2007 to illustrate the effort of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening from administration and information to therapy and follow-up. After invitation of 38 344 @entity1 aged 50-69 years (28.5%), 19 480 (50.8%) accepted the immunological faecal occult blood test, with 1 149 (6%) resulting positive. One thousand and one individuals (88.2%) who tested positive for immunological faecal occult blood test accepted examination by either colonoscopy (99.5%) or barium enema (0.5%). Out of 996 screenees having a colonoscopy, 231 had low-risk @entity652 (23.2%) and 239 had high-risk @entity652 (24%), and were treated endoscopically (96%) or surgically (4%). Ninety-one @entity5 were diagnosed in 9.1% of colonoscopies (Dukes stadia: A, 58.2%; B, 19.8%; C, 18.7%; D, 3.3%). @entity5 (all in @entity1127 ) were treated endoscopically, and the remaining 77 were treated by surgery. One @entity1892 @entity1 and 13 of 17 Dukes C @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Three @entity4620 @entity1 had chemotherapy only. During the 2-year study period, 87 screenees had a follow-up colonoscopy: no @entity5 was found in 35 @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity5 ; low-risk @entity652 were found in 31 of 52 @entity1 with initial high-risk @entity652 . In conclusion, the first @entity14 screening round in Ferrara was easy to organize, had a high acceptance, and detected 91 @entity5 (78% of which were in Dukes stages A and B, compared with only 40% in sporadic @entity14 in the same background population). Chemotherapy was necessary in 17 cases. This report may motivate other health authorities to initiate @entity14 screening campaigns.

title: The first 2 years of XXXX screening in Ferrara, Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Fourteen cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Investigations on the association between environmental hazards and the development of various types of @entity1778 are reviewed. Regarding @entity981 ( @entity981 ) exposure to ionizing radiation is a well-documented risk factor. According to several recent studies exposure to strong electromagnetic fields may be suspected to be of etiologic importance for @entity981 . There is evidence that occupational handling of @entity7935 is a risk factor and other organic solvents may also be leukaemogenic. Occupational exposure to petrol products has been proposed to be a risk factor although the hazardous substances have not yet been defined. Results of cytogenetic studies in @entity981 suggest that exposure to certain environmental agents may be associated with relatively specific @entity2214 . These results are of interest because it has been proposed that chromosomal rearrangements may play a role in the activation of cellular oncogens. Exposure in utero to ionizing radiation has been proposed to be a risk factor for @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in @entity1 . Unlike @entity981 there seems at present to be little evidence that @entity981 is related to exposure to some chemicals. @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) may follow exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation whereas such exposure seems to be of insignificant importance for the development of @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ). According to some studies an abnormally high incidence of @entity6444 may be found among farmers in the USA. These results have not been confirmed in Scandinavian studies. There seems to be little evidence that @entity1860 or @entity6444 are related to occupational handling of some chemicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Environmental factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal chromosome aberrations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia', 'ANLL', 'acute lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity3446 (RPM) can induce de novo conversion of the conventional @entity1961 (+)Foxp3(-) T cells into @entity1961 (+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (iTregs) in transplantation setting. It is not clear whether RPM can similarly generate suppressor CD8(+) T cells to facilitate graft acceptance. In this study, we investigated the ability of short-term RPM treatment in promoting long-term acceptance (LTA) of MHC-mismatched skin allografts by generating a CD8(+) suppressor T-cell population. We found that @entity1961 knockout (KO) @entity19 (in C57BL/6 background, H-2(b)) can promptly reject DBA/2 ( @entity8022 ) skin allografts with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) being 13 days (p < 0.01). However, a short course RPM treatment in these animals induced LTA with graft @entity1349 longer than 100 days. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from LTA group into @entity5350 ( @entity5350 )-deficient @entity19 provided donor-specific protection of DBA/2 skin grafts against cotransferred conventional CD8(+) T cells. Functionally active immunoregulatory CD8(+) T cells also resided in donor skin allografts. Eighteen percent of CD8(+) suppressor T cells expressed @entity10867 as measured by flow cytometry, and produced reduced levels of IFN-y, @entity2047 , and @entity1618 in comparison to CD8(+) effector T cells as measured by ELISA. It is unlikely that CD8(+) suppressor T cells mediated graft protection via @entity1618 , as @entity1618 /Fc fusion protein impaired RPM-induced LTA in @entity1961 KO @entity19 . Our data supported the notion that RPM-induced suppressor CD8(+) T cells home to the allograft and exert donor-specific graft protection.

title: XXXX generates graft-homing @entity19 suppressor CD8(+) T cells that confer donor-specific graft protection.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity5350 :: ('19373(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Rag-1', 'recombination-activating gene 1']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Rapamycin']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity3446 (RPM) can induce de novo conversion of the conventional @entity1961 (+)Foxp3(-) T cells into @entity1961 (+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (iTregs) in transplantation setting. It is not clear whether RPM can similarly generate suppressor CD8(+) T cells to facilitate graft acceptance. In this study, we investigated the ability of short-term RPM treatment in promoting long-term acceptance (LTA) of MHC-mismatched skin allografts by generating a CD8(+) suppressor T-cell population. We found that @entity1961 knockout (KO) @entity19 (in C57BL/6 background, H-2(b)) can promptly reject DBA/2 ( @entity8022 ) skin allografts with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) being 13 days (p < 0.01). However, a short course RPM treatment in these animals induced LTA with graft @entity1349 longer than 100 days. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from LTA group into @entity5350 ( @entity5350 )-deficient @entity19 provided donor-specific protection of DBA/2 skin grafts against cotransferred conventional CD8(+) T cells. Functionally active immunoregulatory CD8(+) T cells also resided in donor skin allografts. Eighteen percent of CD8(+) suppressor T cells expressed @entity10867 as measured by flow cytometry, and produced reduced levels of IFN-y, @entity2047 , and @entity1618 in comparison to CD8(+) effector T cells as measured by ELISA. It is unlikely that CD8(+) suppressor T cells mediated graft protection via @entity1618 , as @entity1618 /Fc fusion protein impaired RPM-induced LTA in @entity1961 KO @entity19 . Our data supported the notion that RPM-induced suppressor CD8(+) T cells home to the allograft and exert donor-specific graft protection.

title: @entity3446 generates graft-homing XXXX suppressor CD8(+) T cells that confer donor-specific graft protection.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The @entity72679 , genus Inia, is endemic to the major river basins of northern South America. No previous studies have focused on the genetic structure of this genus. In this work, 96 DNA samples from specimens of this genus were collected in the Orinoco basin (four rivers), the Putumayo River, a tributary of the Colombian Amazon and the Mamor  , and the Tijamuch   and Ipurupuru rivers in theBolivian Amazon. These samples were used to amplify a fragment of 400 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. In addition, 38 of these samples were also used to sequence 600 bp of the mitochondrial @entity72680 gene. The analysis of the population structure subdivision with an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed important aspects about the genetic structure of Inia groups fromthese three geographically separate regions. By comparing the control region DNA and @entity72680 sequences, distinct types of nonshared haplotypes were observed. The net genetic divergence of control region sequences was 6.53% between the Orinoco and Bolivian rivers, 5.32% between the Putumayo and Bolivian rivers, and 2.50% between the Orinoco and Putumayo rivers. For the @entity72680 gene, these values were 2.48%, 2.98%, and 0.06%, respectively. The @entity377 sequences were analyzed phylogenetically using several genetic distance matrices and applying neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony procedures. The results support the proposal to subdivide the Inia genus into at least two evolutionarily significant units: one confined to the Bolivian river basin and the other widely distributed across the Amazon and Orinoco basins.

title: Molecular identification of evolutionarily significant units in the XXXX Inia sp. (Cetacea: Iniidae).

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity72679 :: ('9725', 'Species') :: ['Amazon river dolphin']

answer: @entity72679 :: (9725,Species) :: ['Amazon River dolphin']


abstract: This report is of the technique and results for through-the-scope stent in palliating malignant @entity1084 for 17 @entity1 . All procedures were done using conscious sedation and fluoroscopy. Enteral Wallstents with a diameter of 20 mm or 22 mm and length 60 mm or 90 mm were used and delivered over a guidewire through an endoscope with an operating channel of at least 3.7 mm. A total of 18 stents were placed. One stent failed to be deployed. One stent migrated and required insertion of a second stent. One @entity1 required repeat endoscopy to stop bleeding from the @entity5 . Through-the-scope stent relieved obstructive symptoms for 14 (82%) @entity1 . The median @entity1282 score improved from 4 to 2 after through-the-scope stent (P=0.001). The median overall survival and hospital-free survival time was 6 weeks (interquartile range, 3-9 weeks) and 4 weeks (interquartile range, 1-7 weeks), respectively. To conclude, through-the-scope stent was safe and feasible, offering an alternative minimal invasive method to palliate obstructive symptoms for @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 causing @entity1084 .

title: Through-the-scope stent for malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: While dental pulp undergoes calcification following tooth replantation or transplantation, we actually know little about these mechanisms. We therefore conducted histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of mineralized tissue that formed in the pulp of @entity35 maxillary molar transplanted into abdominal subcutaneous tissue. One, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-transplantation, the teeth were investigated immunohistochemically using antibodies to @entity9356 ( @entity9356 ), osteopontin (OPN), @entity28254 ( @entity28254 ), @entity29250 ( @entity29250 ), and @entity60739 ( @entity60739 ). In the 1st week after transplantation, cell-rich hard tissue was formed at the root apex. At 2 weeks, formations of hard tissue, with few cells in the root canals and bone-like tissue in the coronal pulp chamber, were noted. After 3 and 4 weeks, the amounts of these hard tissues were increased. The immunolocalization of @entity9356 , OPN, and @entity28254 was seen strongly in coronal and apical hard tissues, but weakly in the root hard tissue. Conversely, @entity29250 localized in the root hard tissue, but not in other newly formed hard tissues. At 1 week, @entity60739 localized along the periphery of the apical hard tissue and the lower surfaces of root predentin. These results demonstrate that the newly formed hard tissues in the pulp cavity of subcutaneously transplanted molars could be classified into three types, suggesting that these might be formed by type-specific cells.

title: An immunohistochemical study on hard tissue formation in a subcutaneously transplanted XXXX molar.

entities_list: @entity60739 :: ('25586(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TNAP', 'tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colonoscopic polypectomy is preventing @entity14 . Videoendoscopy and new perendoscopic hemostasis techniques make endoscopic polypectomy of large @entity1586 an alternative to the surgical approach. This study examined whether complete snare resection of giant @entity1586 is feasible and safe and for determining how often surgery is necessary due to invasive @entity5 detected histologically after polypectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 59 consecutive @entity1 with 68 @entity1586 larger 30 mm in diameter. Snare polypectomy was performed after an endoscopic ultrasound with a miniprobe found no sign of invasive, or, depending on the appearance of the polyp, a @entity548 prophylaxis had been carried out. Acute procedural or delayed @entity548 was treated endoscopically. RESULTS: Of the 68 @entity1127 26, mostly pedunculated were resected en bloc (38%) and histologically ensured as completely resected; 42 @entity1127 had to be resected by piecemeal technique (62%). Piecemeal resection was performed significantly more often in sessile @entity1127 (38/41, 93%) than in pedunculated @entity1127 (4/27, 15%, P<0.01). Follow-up colonoscopy after 3 months showed remaining adenomatous tissue of piecemeal-resected @entity1127 in 12 cases (28%), which were 12 resected sessile @entity1127 (29%) and no case of resected @entity1127 . To achieve complete resection of sessile @entity1127 a second procedure was necessary significantly more often than for resection of pedunculated @entity1127 (12 cases in sessile @entity1127 , 18% vs. no case in pedunculated @entity1127 ). Remaining adenomatous tissue was removed in all 12 cases during the first follow-up colonoscopy after 3 months, confirmed by a biopsy 6 months after the initial procedure. Overall coexisting @entity5 was found in only 7 @entity1127 (12%). Due to high-risk factors only one of them underwent secondary surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that endoscopic snare resection of giant @entity1586 is a safe procedure, and that secondary operative measures for managing coexisting @entity5 are rarely necessary.

title: Endoscopic snare resection of large XXXX : how far can we go?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'pedunculated polyp']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity2936 / @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) interaction is important for induction of T cell dependent antibody production and cell-mediated immune responses. Overexpression of @entity2936 / @entity11603 in the intestinal mucosa is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A soluble form of @entity11603 (sCD40L) exists in the circulation. This study investigated whether plasma levels of sCD40L are higher in @entity1 with @entity29 than in healthy controls. @entity1 AND METHODS: Plasma levels of sCD40L were measured in 89 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 56 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), 17 @entity1 with @entity294 , and 42 healthy controls, using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In @entity30 @entity1 plasma levels of sCD40L were significantly higher than in healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity294 had higher sCD40L levels than healthy controls, but the differences were not significant. @entity30 @entity1 with @entity292 and/or abscesses (n=38) had significantly higher levels of sCD40L than @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity30 (n=51). Only in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity30 plasma levels of sCD40L correlated significantly with C-reactive protein and alpha(1)-glycoprotein. In @entity31 @entity1 there was a significant correlation of sCD40L with C-reactive protein. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma sCD40L levels and @entity30 activity index or Rachmilewitz score. CONCLUSION: Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L in @entity30 @entity1 supposedly reflect activation of functional @entity11603 in the intestine and might be a marker of intestinal @entity32 .

title: Plasma levels of soluble XXXX ligand are elevated in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity2936 / @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) interaction is important for induction of T cell dependent antibody production and cell-mediated immune responses. Overexpression of @entity2936 / @entity11603 in the intestinal mucosa is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). A soluble form of @entity11603 (sCD40L) exists in the circulation. This study investigated whether plasma levels of sCD40L are higher in @entity1 with @entity29 than in healthy controls. @entity1 AND METHODS: Plasma levels of sCD40L were measured in 89 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 56 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), 17 @entity1 with @entity294 , and 42 healthy controls, using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In @entity30 @entity1 plasma levels of sCD40L were significantly higher than in healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity31 and @entity294 had higher sCD40L levels than healthy controls, but the differences were not significant. @entity30 @entity1 with @entity292 and/or abscesses (n=38) had significantly higher levels of sCD40L than @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity30 (n=51). Only in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity30 plasma levels of sCD40L correlated significantly with C-reactive protein and alpha(1)-glycoprotein. In @entity31 @entity1 there was a significant correlation of sCD40L with C-reactive protein. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma sCD40L levels and @entity30 activity index or Rachmilewitz score. CONCLUSION: Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L in @entity30 @entity1 supposedly reflect activation of functional @entity11603 in the intestine and might be a marker of intestinal @entity32 .

title: Plasma levels of soluble @entity2936 ligand are elevated in XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an unusual skin reaction to @entity15627 (FAE). CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old white @entity1 who was treated with FAE for 4 days for lichen planus developed generalized @entity1910 . This was suspected to be an @entity56 drug reaction to FAE, and the treatment was discontinued. After 48-72 hours, the @entity1910 resolved completely. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was probable. As skin testing for diagnostic purposes is not feasible with FAE, the drug-related origin of the @entity1910 was confirmed by oral rechallenge with FAE. DISCUSSION: The effectiveness of FAE in the systemic treatment of @entity1569 has been proven by controlled clinical trials. The compound has been shown to be tolerable and safe even during prolonged treatment. The most frequent adverse effects are gastrointestinal symptoms and @entity1671 , which typically occur 4-6 hours after administration of the drug. @entity56 to FAE have not yet been reported. Since the @entity1 was rechallenged with the suspected drug, we could confirm the @entity56 origin of the @entity1910 . CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity56 skin reaction should be considered in @entity1 receiving treatment with FAE.

title: XXXX due to @entity15627 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['pruritic exanthema', 'exanthema']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['Macular exanthema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an unusual skin reaction to @entity15627 (FAE). CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old white @entity1 who was treated with FAE for 4 days for lichen planus developed generalized @entity1910 . This was suspected to be an @entity56 drug reaction to FAE, and the treatment was discontinued. After 48-72 hours, the @entity1910 resolved completely. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was probable. As skin testing for diagnostic purposes is not feasible with FAE, the drug-related origin of the @entity1910 was confirmed by oral rechallenge with FAE. DISCUSSION: The effectiveness of FAE in the systemic treatment of @entity1569 has been proven by controlled clinical trials. The compound has been shown to be tolerable and safe even during prolonged treatment. The most frequent adverse effects are gastrointestinal symptoms and @entity1671 , which typically occur 4-6 hours after administration of the drug. @entity56 to FAE have not yet been reported. Since the @entity1 was rechallenged with the suspected drug, we could confirm the @entity56 origin of the @entity1910 . CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity56 skin reaction should be considered in @entity1 receiving treatment with FAE.

title: @entity1910 due to XXXX .

answer: @entity15627 :: (MESH:D005650,Chemical) :: ['fumaric acid esters']


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity19 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity11747 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity2665 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity5 weighed about 100 mg. @entity1139 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone displayed @entity5 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity19 treated with @entity11747 plus @entity2665 with or without @entity1139 , or in @entity19 treated only with @entity1139 , @entity5 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity19 . In the group which received only combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity5 after termination of therapy. @entity5 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity11747 ; however, @entity11667 levels did not decline with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity11667 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity1139 alone was administered, @entity7224 and @entity11667 levels in the @entity5 did not differ from those in control @entity19 . @entity8037 decreased markedly in @entity5 with the combined administration of @entity11747 / @entity2665 as well as with combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 / @entity1139 , but decreased only slightly when @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus either @entity11747 or @entity2665 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity5 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity1138 on XXXX @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity2665 :: ('MESH:D008935', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone', 'MGBG']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity19 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity11747 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity2665 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity5 weighed about 100 mg. @entity1139 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone displayed @entity5 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity19 treated with @entity11747 plus @entity2665 with or without @entity1139 , or in @entity19 treated only with @entity1139 , @entity5 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity19 . In the group which received only combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity5 after termination of therapy. @entity5 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity11747 ; however, @entity11667 levels did not decline with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity11667 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity1139 alone was administered, @entity7224 and @entity11667 levels in the @entity5 did not differ from those in control @entity19 . @entity8037 decreased markedly in @entity5 with the combined administration of @entity11747 / @entity2665 as well as with combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 / @entity1139 , but decreased only slightly when @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus either @entity11747 or @entity2665 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity5 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with XXXX on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into @entity19 .

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity19 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity11747 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity2665 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity5 weighed about 100 mg. @entity1139 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone displayed @entity5 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity19 treated with @entity11747 plus @entity2665 with or without @entity1139 , or in @entity19 treated only with @entity1139 , @entity5 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity19 . In the group which received only combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity5 after termination of therapy. @entity5 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity11747 ; however, @entity11667 levels did not decline with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity11667 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity1139 alone was administered, @entity7224 and @entity11667 levels in the @entity5 did not differ from those in control @entity19 . @entity8037 decreased markedly in @entity5 with the combined administration of @entity11747 / @entity2665 as well as with combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 / @entity1139 , but decreased only slightly when @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus either @entity11747 or @entity2665 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity5 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity1138 on @entity1 XXXX cells xenotransplanted into @entity19 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity19 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity11747 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity2665 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity5 weighed about 100 mg. @entity1139 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone displayed @entity5 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity19 treated with @entity11747 plus @entity2665 with or without @entity1139 , or in @entity19 treated only with @entity1139 , @entity5 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity19 . In the group which received only combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity5 after termination of therapy. @entity5 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity11747 ; however, @entity11667 levels did not decline with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity11667 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity1139 alone was administered, @entity7224 and @entity11667 levels in the @entity5 did not differ from those in control @entity19 . @entity8037 decreased markedly in @entity5 with the combined administration of @entity11747 / @entity2665 as well as with combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 / @entity1139 , but decreased only slightly when @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus either @entity11747 or @entity2665 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity5 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity1138 on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although both cartilage and synovium are affected in @entity571 ( @entity571 ), no in vitro coculture models of @entity1 @entity571 tissue have been described. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model that includes both the synovium and cartilage of @entity1 with knee @entity571 . METHODS: Explants of @entity1 @entity571 cartilage and synovium were cultured alone or in coculture for 21 days. Histologic evaluation and analyses of @entity880 dehydrogenase release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, content, release, and synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and cytokine production were used to evaluate synovial tissue functionality and its effect on cartilage metabolism. To assess the possibility of intervention in the model system, the effect of @entity2713 was studied. RESULTS: Throughout the entire culture period, @entity571 synovial tissue remained viable and produced cytokines. Monocultures of synovial and cartilage explants produced different cytokine subsets, with the subsets found in coculture being most similar to those previously described in @entity571 synovial fluid. MMP activity was detectable only in the synovial explant monoculture and in coculture. Cocultures showed a reduction in final GAG content (P < 0.02), attributable to an inhibition of GAG production (P < 0.001) rather than an increase in GAG release. Addition of @entity2713 inhibited cytokine production and MMP activity in coculture and synovial tissue monoculture and counteracted the inhibition of GAG production induced by coculture. In cartilage monoculture, however, @entity2713 reduced GAG production. CONCLUSION: @entity571 synovium affects cartilage metabolism by reducting GAG production. @entity2713 can relieve this effect of synovial tissue, while being inhibitory when added to cartilage monoculture. These results clearly indicate the importance of tissue coculture as a promising tool for studying @entity571 pathophysiology and for development of possible interventions.

title: Osteoarthritic synovial tissue inhibition of proteoglycan production in XXXX osteoarthritic knee cartilage: establishment and characterization of a long-term cartilage-synovium coculture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone', 'Triamcinolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']