abstract: @entity2643 is a new antiarrhythmic drug approved for therapy of life-threatening @entity1165 and @entity2224 refractory to previous antiarrhythmic therapy. The drug is poorly absorbed and avidly binds to all adipose tissue within the body. As a result of its unique pharmacologic properties, a 1-2 month period of loading with a high dose is required before therapeutic and steady state tissue concentrations are achieved. Therefore, there is a delay in the onset of antiarrhythmic effects of the drug and evaluation of efficacy using either noninvasive or invasive techniques should be performed 1-2 months after the initiation of therapy. It has been reported that suppression of runs of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) documented on ambulatory monitor correlates with long-term efficacy. When invasive electrophysiologic (EP) studies are used, continued inducibility does not predict recurrence. Other important factors from the EP test include the rate of the induced @entity1165 and prolongation of the refractory period. Another problem related to @entity2643 's pharmacologic properties is the occurrence of side effects which generally develop after weeks to months of drug therapy. Moreover, the incidence of @entity137 increases over time. Although most side effects are unrelated to dose or blood level, it is possible that they correlate with the cumulative dose administered or total period of drug exposure. @entity2643 causes side effects which involve many organ systems. Most side effects are minor and cause no or only minor symptoms. Serious side effects, primarily cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic and thyroid, occur in about 18% of @entity1 and often requires drug discontinuation. Therefore, use of @entity2643 requires careful and continuous follow-up and monitoring for efficacy and @entity137 .

title: Practical follow-up guidelines for @entity1 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: @entity2643 is a new antiarrhythmic drug approved for therapy of life-threatening @entity1165 and @entity2224 refractory to previous antiarrhythmic therapy. The drug is poorly absorbed and avidly binds to all adipose tissue within the body. As a result of its unique pharmacologic properties, a 1-2 month period of loading with a high dose is required before therapeutic and steady state tissue concentrations are achieved. Therefore, there is a delay in the onset of antiarrhythmic effects of the drug and evaluation of efficacy using either noninvasive or invasive techniques should be performed 1-2 months after the initiation of therapy. It has been reported that suppression of runs of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) documented on ambulatory monitor correlates with long-term efficacy. When invasive electrophysiologic (EP) studies are used, continued inducibility does not predict recurrence. Other important factors from the EP test include the rate of the induced @entity1165 and prolongation of the refractory period. Another problem related to @entity2643 's pharmacologic properties is the occurrence of side effects which generally develop after weeks to months of drug therapy. Moreover, the incidence of @entity137 increases over time. Although most side effects are unrelated to dose or blood level, it is possible that they correlate with the cumulative dose administered or total period of drug exposure. @entity2643 causes side effects which involve many organ systems. Most side effects are minor and cause no or only minor symptoms. Serious side effects, primarily cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic and thyroid, occur in about 18% of @entity1 and often requires drug discontinuation. Therefore, use of @entity2643 requires careful and continuous follow-up and monitoring for efficacy and @entity137 .

title: Practical follow-up guidelines for XXXX treated with @entity2643 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present review covers 208 papers dealing with determination of the metals @entity3494 , @entity3409 , lead and @entity349 in @entity1 biologic material. A comprehensive data bank survey of the literature from January 1980 to April 1984 was conducted and supplemented by review of some earlier publications. As shown by comparison of the results from a number of papers, the various state-of-the-art methods for determining metal content in biologic materials (e.g., atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and x-ray fluorescent analysis) appear to be equally sensitive and reliable. These detection methods are suited to determination of the above metals in the following media: @entity3494 in urine, hair; @entity3409 in blood, urine, hair, renal cortex; lead in blood, hair; @entity349 in blood, urine, hair. To permit better comparison of the results presented in various publications, agreement must be reached on use of uniform concentration units and participation in quality control programs. Safe levels of chronic biological exposure overlap with concentrations which cause health effects or measurable impairment of body function over a wide range. Individual sensitivity to biological exposure varies. In a number of studies, metal concentrations are measured in symptom-free @entity1 which cause symptoms in @entity1 examined in other studies. Due to differences in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms, the range of minimum levels of biological exposure considered to be associated with deleterious health effects (levels of critical exposure) is unacceptably broad. Minimum levels of critical exposure should protect against development of early symptoms of @entity137 . If the lowest published critical levels of biological exposure are taken as a cutoff, then a sizable portion of the @entity1 currently revealing metal exposure in any of the reported media exceeds such levels. Symptoms of detrimental effects should be detectable in such @entity1 and should be investigated. In establishing and evaluating current minimum levels of critical chronic metal exposure, there is a general need for a quantitative increase in determinations and for a qualitative increase in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms and other health effects--in order to avoid @entity734 on reports of acute @entity137 . When detected levels of a given metal are in a range held to be normal, exclusion of toxic effects and poisoning requires additional consideration of clinical findings.

title: [A study of the literature on the concentrations of XXXX , lead, @entity3409 and @entity349 in body fluids and tissues to define normal values and detection of overload. 1. Description of analytical methods and @entity3494 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: The present review covers 208 papers dealing with determination of the metals @entity3494 , @entity3409 , lead and @entity349 in @entity1 biologic material. A comprehensive data bank survey of the literature from January 1980 to April 1984 was conducted and supplemented by review of some earlier publications. As shown by comparison of the results from a number of papers, the various state-of-the-art methods for determining metal content in biologic materials (e.g., atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and x-ray fluorescent analysis) appear to be equally sensitive and reliable. These detection methods are suited to determination of the above metals in the following media: @entity3494 in urine, hair; @entity3409 in blood, urine, hair, renal cortex; lead in blood, hair; @entity349 in blood, urine, hair. To permit better comparison of the results presented in various publications, agreement must be reached on use of uniform concentration units and participation in quality control programs. Safe levels of chronic biological exposure overlap with concentrations which cause health effects or measurable impairment of body function over a wide range. Individual sensitivity to biological exposure varies. In a number of studies, metal concentrations are measured in symptom-free @entity1 which cause symptoms in @entity1 examined in other studies. Due to differences in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms, the range of minimum levels of biological exposure considered to be associated with deleterious health effects (levels of critical exposure) is unacceptably broad. Minimum levels of critical exposure should protect against development of early symptoms of @entity137 . If the lowest published critical levels of biological exposure are taken as a cutoff, then a sizable portion of the @entity1 currently revealing metal exposure in any of the reported media exceeds such levels. Symptoms of detrimental effects should be detectable in such @entity1 and should be investigated. In establishing and evaluating current minimum levels of critical chronic metal exposure, there is a general need for a quantitative increase in determinations and for a qualitative increase in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms and other health effects--in order to avoid @entity734 on reports of acute @entity137 . When detected levels of a given metal are in a range held to be normal, exclusion of toxic effects and poisoning requires additional consideration of clinical findings.

title: [A study of the literature on the concentrations of @entity3494 , lead, @entity3409 and @entity349 in body fluids and tissues to define normal values and detection of overload. 1. Description of analytical methods and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: The present review covers 208 papers dealing with determination of the metals @entity3494 , @entity3409 , lead and @entity349 in @entity1 biologic material. A comprehensive data bank survey of the literature from January 1980 to April 1984 was conducted and supplemented by review of some earlier publications. As shown by comparison of the results from a number of papers, the various state-of-the-art methods for determining metal content in biologic materials (e.g., atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and x-ray fluorescent analysis) appear to be equally sensitive and reliable. These detection methods are suited to determination of the above metals in the following media: @entity3494 in urine, hair; @entity3409 in blood, urine, hair, renal cortex; lead in blood, hair; @entity349 in blood, urine, hair. To permit better comparison of the results presented in various publications, agreement must be reached on use of uniform concentration units and participation in quality control programs. Safe levels of chronic biological exposure overlap with concentrations which cause health effects or measurable impairment of body function over a wide range. Individual sensitivity to biological exposure varies. In a number of studies, metal concentrations are measured in symptom-free @entity1 which cause symptoms in @entity1 examined in other studies. Due to differences in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms, the range of minimum levels of biological exposure considered to be associated with deleterious health effects (levels of critical exposure) is unacceptably broad. Minimum levels of critical exposure should protect against development of early symptoms of @entity137 . If the lowest published critical levels of biological exposure are taken as a cutoff, then a sizable portion of the @entity1 currently revealing metal exposure in any of the reported media exceeds such levels. Symptoms of detrimental effects should be detectable in such @entity1 and should be investigated. In establishing and evaluating current minimum levels of critical chronic metal exposure, there is a general need for a quantitative increase in determinations and for a qualitative increase in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms and other health effects--in order to avoid @entity734 on reports of acute @entity137 . When detected levels of a given metal are in a range held to be normal, exclusion of toxic effects and poisoning requires additional consideration of clinical findings.

title: [A study of the literature on the concentrations of @entity3494 , lead, @entity3409 and XXXX in body fluids and tissues to define normal values and detection of overload. 1. Description of analytical methods and @entity3494 ].

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: The present review covers 208 papers dealing with determination of the metals @entity3494 , @entity3409 , lead and @entity349 in @entity1 biologic material. A comprehensive data bank survey of the literature from January 1980 to April 1984 was conducted and supplemented by review of some earlier publications. As shown by comparison of the results from a number of papers, the various state-of-the-art methods for determining metal content in biologic materials (e.g., atomic absorption spectrophotometry, neutron activation analysis, and x-ray fluorescent analysis) appear to be equally sensitive and reliable. These detection methods are suited to determination of the above metals in the following media: @entity3494 in urine, hair; @entity3409 in blood, urine, hair, renal cortex; lead in blood, hair; @entity349 in blood, urine, hair. To permit better comparison of the results presented in various publications, agreement must be reached on use of uniform concentration units and participation in quality control programs. Safe levels of chronic biological exposure overlap with concentrations which cause health effects or measurable impairment of body function over a wide range. Individual sensitivity to biological exposure varies. In a number of studies, metal concentrations are measured in symptom-free @entity1 which cause symptoms in @entity1 examined in other studies. Due to differences in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms, the range of minimum levels of biological exposure considered to be associated with deleterious health effects (levels of critical exposure) is unacceptably broad. Minimum levels of critical exposure should protect against development of early symptoms of @entity137 . If the lowest published critical levels of biological exposure are taken as a cutoff, then a sizable portion of the @entity1 currently revealing metal exposure in any of the reported media exceeds such levels. Symptoms of detrimental effects should be detectable in such @entity1 and should be investigated. In establishing and evaluating current minimum levels of critical chronic metal exposure, there is a general need for a quantitative increase in determinations and for a qualitative increase in the sensitivity of detection of symptoms and other health effects--in order to avoid @entity734 on reports of acute @entity137 . When detected levels of a given metal are in a range held to be normal, exclusion of toxic effects and poisoning requires additional consideration of clinical findings.

title: [A study of the literature on the concentrations of @entity3494 , lead, XXXX and @entity349 in body fluids and tissues to define normal values and detection of overload. 1. Description of analytical methods and @entity3494 ].

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: Membrane deterioration in plant senescence is commonly associated with progressive decreases in membrane phospholipid content. This study investigated the expression and regulation of @entity4620 ( @entity4620 ; EC 3.1.4.4) during senescence in @entity9377 ( @entity9377 . cv Hale) leaf discs. The rate of leaf senescence was accelerated by 50 [mu]M @entity2271 and was attenuated by 50 [mu]M cytokinin during incubation at 23[deg]C for up to 5 @entity29619 senescence was indicated by decreases in the content of total proteins, chlorophyll, and phospholipids. @entity4620 activity in both membrane-associated and cytosolic fractions showed a gradual increase in the absence of @entity34655 . @entity2271 stimulated an increase in membrane-associated @entity4620 and had little effect on the soluble form. On the other hand, @entity19164 retarded the increase in membrane-associated @entity4620 . Immunoblotting analysis using @entity4620 -specific antibodies revealed that the changes in @entity4620 activity were correlated with those of @entity4620 protein. Analysis of @entity4620 by nondenaturing PAGE showed the appearance of a @entity4620 structural variant, @entity4620 3, in @entity2271 -treated leaf discs. Northern blotting analysis using a @entity4620 cDNA probe revealed an increase in @entity4620 mRNA in senescing leaf discs. These data indicate complex mechanisms for the regulation of @entity4620 during senescence, which include increases in membrane-associated @entity4620 , differential expression of @entity4620 isoforms, and changes in amounts of @entity4620 protein and mRNA. Such controlled expression points to a role for @entity5122 and plant senescence.

title: Expression of Phospholipase D during XXXX Leaf Senescence.

entities_list: @entity34655 :: ('CHEBI:37848', 'Chemical') :: ['phytohormones']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid', 'Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['PLD in membrane deterioration']

entities_list: @entity9377 :: ('3988', 'Species') :: ['castor bean', 'Ricinus communis L']

entities_list: @entity4620 :: ('MESH:D003699', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'phospholipase D']

entities_list: @entity19164 :: ('CHEBI:23530', 'Chemical') :: ['cytokinin']

answer: @entity9377 :: (3988,Species) :: ['Castor Bean']


abstract: To establish an early reliable diagnostic test for @entity778 ( @entity778 ) type 1 @entity198 (HSVE), we used isoelectric focusing (IEF) and an IEF-overlay technique with radiolabeled @entity778 glycoprotein B (gB) to study 7 serum and 12 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 12 @entity1 with presumed or biopsy-proved HSVE. Blood-brain barrier damage and increased intra-blood-brain barrier IgG synthesis were detected in 5 of the 7 @entity1 with HSVE. CSF oligoclonal bands were found in 6 of 11 @entity1 . Using an IEF-overlay technique, we detected anti-gB antibody in all serum (7 of 7) and in 10 of 12 CSF samples. Anti-gB antibody was found in 4 of 6 CSF specimens obtained within the first week of disease (days 3 to 5) and in all samples collected later in the disease. The pH range of anti-gB antibody activity was broad (4.5 to 9.5), indicating a heterogeneous immune response to @entity778 . A hematogenous origin of the CSF antibody was suggested because anti-gB antibody appeared in serum before matched CSF and because both serum and matched CSF had a similar antibody IEF pattern. Local production of anti-gB antibody was suggested in some cases because of a greater prominence of anti-gB antibody in CSF than in matched sera and because CSF oligoclonal bands had anti-gB antibody activity. In contrast, only one of 6 CSF samples from @entity1 with @entity15 had gB antibody activity; in this case, anti-gB antibody activity did not correspond in isoelectric point location to oligoclonal bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An isoelectric focusing study in @entity778 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: To establish an early reliable diagnostic test for @entity778 ( @entity778 ) type 1 @entity198 (HSVE), we used isoelectric focusing (IEF) and an IEF-overlay technique with radiolabeled @entity778 glycoprotein B (gB) to study 7 serum and 12 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 12 @entity1 with presumed or biopsy-proved HSVE. Blood-brain barrier damage and increased intra-blood-brain barrier IgG synthesis were detected in 5 of the 7 @entity1 with HSVE. CSF oligoclonal bands were found in 6 of 11 @entity1 . Using an IEF-overlay technique, we detected anti-gB antibody in all serum (7 of 7) and in 10 of 12 CSF samples. Anti-gB antibody was found in 4 of 6 CSF specimens obtained within the first week of disease (days 3 to 5) and in all samples collected later in the disease. The pH range of anti-gB antibody activity was broad (4.5 to 9.5), indicating a heterogeneous immune response to @entity778 . A hematogenous origin of the CSF antibody was suggested because anti-gB antibody appeared in serum before matched CSF and because both serum and matched CSF had a similar antibody IEF pattern. Local production of anti-gB antibody was suggested in some cases because of a greater prominence of anti-gB antibody in CSF than in matched sera and because CSF oligoclonal bands had anti-gB antibody activity. In contrast, only one of 6 CSF samples from @entity1 with @entity15 had gB antibody activity; in this case, anti-gB antibody activity did not correspond in isoelectric point location to oligoclonal bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: An isoelectric focusing study in XXXX @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex virus']


abstract: We present and compare the clinical features and outcomes of 12 @entity1 with primary @entity1962 (ADS- @entity201 ) of the liver who underwent hepatic resection at our institution with those of 29 cases whose surgical treatment were reported in the literature. @entity1897 ( @entity201 ) occurs @entity157 in most parts of the world. Reports of surgically treated cases of ADS- @entity201 are seen only sporadically because of the low resectability rate, difficulty in making an early diagnosis, and the poor prognosis. Furthermore, a clinicopathological study based on a certain number of surgically treated cases is still lacking. From 1977 to 2001, 12 cases of hepatic ADS- @entity201 who underwent hepatic resection were reviewed in respect to clinical features and long-term results. The clinical features and outcomes of the 29 @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection reported in the literature are also summarized for comparison. Of 228 surgically treated @entity201 @entity1 in our institute, 12 (5.3%) were ADS- @entity201 . A male predominance was observed in our study and in the reported cases. In our series, prominent body @entity353 and prominent relationship to hepatolithiasis were observed. The prognosis is dismal in @entity1 with ADS- @entity201 who undergo hepatic resection; however, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the ADS- @entity201 and @entity201 groups. In our series, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of ADS- @entity201 and @entity201 @entity1 were 18.8%, 0%, and 0% and 32.8%, 14.8%, and 9.5%, respectively. ADS- @entity201 is prominently related to body @entity353 and hepatolithiasis in our series compared with the reported cases. The prognosis of @entity1 with ADS- @entity201 who undergo hepatic resection is dismal because of the specific biological behavior of ADS- @entity201 .

title: XXXX of the liver: clinicopathologic features in 12 @entity1 and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['less frequently than hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity1962 :: (MESH:D018196,Disease) :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: We present and compare the clinical features and outcomes of 12 @entity1 with primary @entity1962 (ADS- @entity201 ) of the liver who underwent hepatic resection at our institution with those of 29 cases whose surgical treatment were reported in the literature. @entity1897 ( @entity201 ) occurs @entity157 in most parts of the world. Reports of surgically treated cases of ADS- @entity201 are seen only sporadically because of the low resectability rate, difficulty in making an early diagnosis, and the poor prognosis. Furthermore, a clinicopathological study based on a certain number of surgically treated cases is still lacking. From 1977 to 2001, 12 cases of hepatic ADS- @entity201 who underwent hepatic resection were reviewed in respect to clinical features and long-term results. The clinical features and outcomes of the 29 @entity1 who underwent hepatic resection reported in the literature are also summarized for comparison. Of 228 surgically treated @entity201 @entity1 in our institute, 12 (5.3%) were ADS- @entity201 . A male predominance was observed in our study and in the reported cases. In our series, prominent body @entity353 and prominent relationship to hepatolithiasis were observed. The prognosis is dismal in @entity1 with ADS- @entity201 who undergo hepatic resection; however, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the ADS- @entity201 and @entity201 groups. In our series, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of ADS- @entity201 and @entity201 @entity1 were 18.8%, 0%, and 0% and 32.8%, 14.8%, and 9.5%, respectively. ADS- @entity201 is prominently related to body @entity353 and hepatolithiasis in our series compared with the reported cases. The prognosis of @entity1 with ADS- @entity201 who undergo hepatic resection is dismal because of the specific biological behavior of ADS- @entity201 .

title: @entity1962 of the liver: clinicopathologic features in 12 XXXX and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1117 is an @entity74 characterized by the failure of phagocytic cells to produce @entity224 upon the ingestion of microorganisms due to a lesion in a membrane-associated @entity1110 -oxidase. The components of the oxidase have been incompletely characterized by standard biochemical approaches. A genetic strategy has recently led to the identification of the gene affected in the common @entity1112 without reference to its protein product. The @entity1111 gene, assigned to chromosome position Xp21.1, encodes a phagocyte-specific RNA transcript that is mutated in @entity1 with @entity1111 . Antisera directed toward the predicted protein product of the @entity1111 gene recognize a 90 kD membrane glycoprotein, which corresponds to the larger subunit of the phagocyte b-cytochrome heterodimer. The recent genetic and biochemical findings provide an explanation for the consistent absence of the b-cytochrome spectrum in @entity1111 , and establish this cytochrome as an essential component of the phagocyte oxidase. The primary @entity535 sequence of both the 90 kD b-cytochrome subunit and the 22 kD subunit (cloned as the cDNA using a specific antisera) have no significant similarity to other proteins, including previously studied cytochromes. As both subunits of the b-cytochrome heterodimer are absent in @entity1111 , despite a @entity74 of only the larger polypeptide, a close interaction between the two subunits may be important for b-cytochrome stability and function. Expression of the b-cytochrome large subunit mRNA is increased by @entity379 , an important macrophage activator. Partial or complete restoration of oxidase activity in some @entity1111 @entity1 treated with @entity379 suggests new therapeutic approaches in the management of this disorder. Molecular reagents prepared from the cloned @entity1111 cDNA or gene may prove to be clinically useful in prenatal diagnosis and may provide a basis for somatic gene therapy in future.

title: Molecular genetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked form of CGD']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency', 'inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1117 :: (MESH:D006105,Disease) :: ['chronic granulomatous disease']


abstract: Drug resistance patterns of shigella strains were investigated in a prospective manner in Etimesgut district during a period of 1 year. Thirty strains shigella were isolated, belonged to three subgroups with preponderance of Sh. flexneri (70%), followed by Sh. sonnei (27%) and Sh. boydii (3%). The resistance was highest with @entity3639 (80%), followed by @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity6842 ) (53%) and @entity869 (43%). Only three strains (10%) were sensitive to all eight antibiotics tested. Sixteen (53%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. The data showed an increase in resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents--namely IMP- @entity6842 and @entity869 . @entity15129 - @entity6842 is no longer the drug of choice in severe @entity6835 , at least in this region of @entity233 .

title: [Shigella serotypes and drug resistance patterns of strains isolated in Etimesgut, XXXX , in 1987].

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: A self-completion questionnaire sent to 2600 Nottinghamshire members of the Graphical Paper and Media Union elicited a 62% response. Forty one per cent of respondents reported suffering a skin complaint at some time and 11% had a current skin problem on the hand. This paper reports the validation stage of the study. Samples of 45 'cases' of self-reported @entity1909 and 60 'controls', who reported they had never suffered a skin complaint, were clinically examined. All 45 self-reported cases were clinically confirmed as @entity1909 . Occupationally related @entity9759 ( @entity9759 ) was diagnosed in 20 (44%); 26 (58%) complaints were thought to be induced or exacerbated by occupation. Of the controls, 21 (35%) were also diagnosed with a skin complaint, the majority being mild, with an occupational association in 17, the majority (15) being @entity9759 . Sixteen @entity9759 cases were patch tested resulting in positive reactions to colophony, @entity5154 , @entity3406 and @entity24234 (2 of each). Two cases of @entity1491 on the face were also identified, of which the @entity1 were unaware. Although there was no false positive self-reporting there was a considerable number of false negatives, demonstrating the importance of clinical validation of questionnaires relating to @entity272 . This study has highlighted the need for improvement in skin care provision in the printing industry.

title: Clinical examinations to validate self-completion questionnaires: XXXX in the UK printing industry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['industrial skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: Although time has been recognized as a critical factor in the treatment of other @entity432 , it has been an underemphasized variable in the treatment of @entity64 . Animal models of @entity432 have demonstrated that neurologic recovery is more likely the shorter the duration of occlusion. Complete recovery does not occur if the occlusion persists more than six hours. Prior trials have only rarely begun treatment within six hours of @entity64 onset. Over the past five years, we have participated in three @entity64 trials and have tried to identify factors that lead to delays in treatment. Factors that affect the time from @entity64 onset to arrival at the hospital include recognition of @entity64 by the @entity1 , prehospital care personnel, and physicians. After arrival at the hospital, factors that can significantly delay treatment include the time to obtain computed tomography and the site of treatment (emergency department vs ICU). With proper attention, the time from @entity1 arrival until treatment should be less than one hour. Future efforts should be directed toward reducing the time from @entity64 onset until arrival at the hospital. Education of the public, high-risk @entity1 , prehospital care providers, and physicians may aid in these efforts.

title: Identification and entry of the XXXX with acute cerebral infarction.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arterial occlusion', 'arterial occlusive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The prevalence of arterial @entity101 , as defined by the W.H.O. (systolic BP greater than 160 mmHg and/or diastolic BP greater than 95 mmHg), and the prevalence of its treatment were studied in 2595 local government employees of Marseilles, aged from 20 to 65 years. The prevalence of @entity101 was 17.96 p. 100 (466/2595, including 222 @entity1 and 244 @entity1 ). The prevalence of normal tension was 57.50 p. 100 (1492/2595, including 802 @entity1 and 690 @entity1 ). The prevalence of treated @entity101 was 37.98 p. 100 (177/466) divided into 29.27 p. 100 (65/222) in @entity1 and 45.90 p. 100 (112/244) in @entity1 (p less than 0.0001). Blood pressure was controlled by treatment in 32.30 p. 100 (21/65) of treated @entity1 and in 36.61 p. 100 (41/112) of treated @entity1 ( @entity7031 ). 81.14 p. 100 (198/244) of @entity101 @entity1 and 57/82 p. 100 (399/690) of normotensive @entity1 were active (managers, executives). In treated @entity1 , the plasma level of apoprotein A1 was decreased and that of apoprotein B was increased. Among @entity1 , the global score at Bortner questionnaire was significantly lower in the group of 175 untreated @entity101 @entity1 (176 +/- 46) than in the group of treated @entity101 @entity1 (192 +/- 48, p less than 0.05) and in the group of normotensive subjects (186 +/- 41, p less than 0.05). This indicated that untreated @entity101 @entity1 have a tendency to type B pattern and suggested a line of research aimed at a better understanding of the relative failure of anti- @entity101 treatments in the prevention of @entity301 .

title: [Prevalence of arterial XXXX and its treatment in 2,595 adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of peripheral and renal vein plasma @entity916 activity has been performed in 9 @entity1 with @entity2791 (3 fibromuscular @entity1141 and 7 @entity731 ). In all cases angiography showed a reduction of the arterial diameter of more than 70 p. 100. The renal artery was occluded in 3 cases. All @entity1 received a constant @entity1372 diet (100 mEq/day). Peripheral PRA values were classified as normal or low in 6 cases (less than 2.8 ng/ml/h) and high in one case (greater than 2.8 ng/ml/h): this values concerned 2 cases with @entity432 and 1 case with a narrowing of 90 p. 100. Renal venous @entity916 ratio of 1.5 or more has been found in 8 cases. In one case, the @entity850 was quite symmetrical (70 p. 100) and the ratio less than 1.5. The secretion index has been calculated as the ratio between the venoarterial difference of both affected and unaffected side over the arterial value of PRA (V-A/A). On the more stenosed side, was found a V-A/A ratio of 0.5 or more. This ratio is particularly high in case of artery @entity715 , but there is no correlation between the ratio and the degree of @entity850 . On the contralateral side, where the lesions were less important, the V-A/A ratio was low, ranging from 0 to 0.2; this estimation of @entity916 secretion was found despite a significant @entity850 on the angiography. 7 @entity1 underwent PTA or surgery. 2 kidneys with arterial @entity715 were nephrectomized. In 5 cases the surgical treatment is performed on the 2 sides during the same procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lateralization of XXXX secretion in renovascular hypertension with bilateral @entity2791 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of peripheral and renal vein plasma @entity916 activity has been performed in 9 @entity1 with @entity2791 (3 fibromuscular @entity1141 and 7 @entity731 ). In all cases angiography showed a reduction of the arterial diameter of more than 70 p. 100. The renal artery was occluded in 3 cases. All @entity1 received a constant @entity1372 diet (100 mEq/day). Peripheral PRA values were classified as normal or low in 6 cases (less than 2.8 ng/ml/h) and high in one case (greater than 2.8 ng/ml/h): this values concerned 2 cases with @entity432 and 1 case with a narrowing of 90 p. 100. Renal venous @entity916 ratio of 1.5 or more has been found in 8 cases. In one case, the @entity850 was quite symmetrical (70 p. 100) and the ratio less than 1.5. The secretion index has been calculated as the ratio between the venoarterial difference of both affected and unaffected side over the arterial value of PRA (V-A/A). On the more stenosed side, was found a V-A/A ratio of 0.5 or more. This ratio is particularly high in case of artery @entity715 , but there is no correlation between the ratio and the degree of @entity850 . On the contralateral side, where the lesions were less important, the V-A/A ratio was low, ranging from 0 to 0.2; this estimation of @entity916 secretion was found despite a significant @entity850 on the angiography. 7 @entity1 underwent PTA or surgery. 2 kidneys with arterial @entity715 were nephrectomized. In 5 cases the surgical treatment is performed on the 2 sides during the same procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Lateralization of @entity916 secretion in renovascular hypertension with bilateral XXXX ].

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['arterial stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of @entity5616 150 mg twice daily in @entity1 requiring one of the following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: @entity1623 , @entity5230 , @entity3522 , and @entity3352 . In addition, risk factors were studied in order to help in targeting of such treatment to specific groups of @entity1 . DESIGN: Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised, parallel group with endoscopic assessments at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. SETTING: Multicentre outpatient study at secondary referral centres in five European countries. @entity1 --297 @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity571 over the age of 18 without lesions in the stomach and duodenum at baseline endoscopy (after one week without taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Those taking other antirheumatic agents, concomitant ulcerogenic drugs, or treatment for peptic ulcers within the previous 30 days were excluded. Age, sex, @entity66 , and type of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used were comparable in the two treatment groups. In all, 263 @entity1 completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS: @entity5616 150 mg twice daily or placebo (plus the selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) was prescribed within five days after the baseline endoscopy for two consecutive periods of four weeks. @entity1443 was permitted during the study, but not antacids. @entity1 were withdrawn if the most severe grade of damage (including ulceration) was found at the four week endoscopy or when indicated, or with lesser damage at the investigator's discretion. END POINT: Frequency of @entity2275 , or both. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of peptic ulceration by eight weeks was 10.3% (27/263); 2 out of 135 (1.5%) developed duodenal ulceration in the @entity5616 group, compared with 10 out of 126 (8%) taking placebo. The frequency of gastric ulceration was the same (6%) for the two groups at eight weeks. Though significantly fewer @entity1819 developed in the @entity5616 group by eight weeks. The frequency of non-ulcerative lesions in the duodenum did not differ greatly for the two groups at either time point. Twelve out of 75 (16%) @entity1 taking piroxicam developed peptic ulceration, of whom two thirds had duodenal ulceration. @entity1 with a history of peptic @entity1066 were particularly susceptible to recurrent ulceration, against which @entity5616 offered some protection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5616 150 mg twice daily significantly reduced the incidence of duodenal ulceration but not gastric ulceration when prescribed concomitantly with one of four commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

title: Prevention of gastroduodenal damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: controlled trial of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic disease']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal ulceration or lesions']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: Listeriolysin was isolated from target @entity95 erythrocyte membranes after lysis of the cells with partially purified toxin derived from a culture supernatant of @entity22920 . The membrane form of the toxin exhibited properties similar to those previously found for streptolysin O. Detergent-solubilized, delipidated listeriolysin was found to comprise a heterogeneous population of partially and fully circularized, amphiphilic oligomers whose embedment within the lipid bilayer generated large transmembrane pores. The molecular weight of the toxin monomer was estimated to be 55,000 to 60,000 by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Immunological cross-reactions between the toxin and @entity18778 were demonstrable by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. An immunoblot assay for detecting listeriolysin in agar-incorporated, lysed erythrocyte membranes was developed, and 28 defined, clinical isolates of @entity5125 were examined for toxin production. These isolates caused beta-hemolysis on the agar plates and had previously been regarded as listeriolysin producers. However, we found that only two isolates produced genuine listeriolysin, since the sensitive immunoblot assay entirely failed to detect the toxin in all other cases. We excluded that this finding derived from proteolytic degradation of membrane-bound toxin. Thus, the great majority of @entity1 pathogenic Listeria strains appear to produce one or several hemolysins that are immunologically and, by inference, molecularly distinct from the streptolysin O-related listeriolysin. We propose that the streptolysin O-related toxin be designated alpha-listeriolysin and that the other hemolysin(s) be termed beta-listeriolysin.

title: Production of listeriolysin by beta-hemolytic strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity22920 :: ('1638', 'Species') :: ['Listeria ivanovii']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity18778 :: ('MESH:C025964', 'Chemical') :: ['streptolysin O']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity451 remains a devastating complication after @entity1514 and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery for coarctations, dissections or @entity439 . Since the advent of ischaemic preconditioning of the myocardium, attention has been directed to the nervous system. This study was designed to evaluate the acute protective effect of ischaemic preconditioning on the spinal cord. MEDHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six New Zealand white @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The preconditioning group had 5 minutes of @entity432 , 25 minutes reperfusion and 20 minutes of ischaemia, whereas the controls had only 20 minutes of ischaemia. The sham group was anaesthetized and subjected to laparotomy without @entity432 . Physiological parameters and somatosensory evoked potentials were monitored during the experiment. Neurological outcome was clinically evaluated up to 48 hour after ischaemia and motor function was scored. Then the animals were sacrificed. Their spinal cord, abdominal aorta and its branches were removed and processed for histopathological examination. Histhopathological changes of the gray matter in the lumbosacral segments were scored from 0 to 6 according to a @entity23398 . The changes in amplitudes of evoked potentials during ischaemia and recovery periods were similar in preconditioning and control groups. The average motor function score was significantly higher in the preconditioning group than the control group at 24 and 48 hours after the ischaemic event (p < 0.05). Histological observations were consistent with the neurological findings. The histopathological scores in the control group and the preconditioning group were 3.2 (1.4-5.2) and 2.4 (0.8-4.4), respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ischaemic preconditioning reduces the @entity1566 and improves neurological outcome in transient ischaemia in @entity95 . This protective mechanism is rapidly invoked within only 25 minutes interval between the preconditioning stimulus and the ischaemic insult.

title: Ischaemic preconditioning reduces XXXX in transient ischaemia.

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['semi-quantitative scala']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: In this retrospective study the data of 70 @entity1 treated with streptokinase in the acute phase of @entity583 were reviewed in search of a possible relation between recurrent @entity137 and degree of anticoagulation. All @entity1 had received a 30 mn infusion of streptokinase 1.500.000 units within a mean 175 mn period from the initial symptoms. They were followed up clinically (signs of @entity951 or @entity1188 ), angiographically (coronary arteriography within 5.5 days on average) and biochemically (daily measurements of @entity2974 values and blood fibrinogen concentrations). Fifteen recurrent @entity137 (21.4 p. 100), including 6 attacks of @entity951 and 9 @entity583 , were observed. Angiography showed that the artery responsible for the initial @entity1188 was occluded in 23.6 p. 100 (13/55) of @entity1 without recurrent @entity64 . This figure rose to 46.6 p. 100 in @entity1 who suffered a new @entity2142 (7/15; NS) and up to 77 p. 100 in those who developed a new @entity583 (7/9; p less than 0.01). Biochemical data showed that 13 recurrent @entity64 occurred when the APTT values were lower than 1.5 (176 measurements), as against 2 when these values were higher than 1.5 (359 measurements) (p less than 0.01). These two recurrent @entity64 took place when fibrinogen concentrations abruptly rose above 1 g/litre. These results demonstrate that poor quality anticoagulation is responsible for the occurrence of recurrent @entity137 within days of thrombolysis for acute @entity583 . They prompt the authors to recommend anticoagulation with heparin started at an early stage and carefully adjusted by means of repeated biochemical essays.

title: [Intravenous thrombolysis in @entity583 . Influence of the quality of the anticoagulation on the early recurrence rate of @entity951 or XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic events']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic accidents', 'ischaemic accident']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: In this retrospective study the data of 70 @entity1 treated with streptokinase in the acute phase of @entity583 were reviewed in search of a possible relation between recurrent @entity137 and degree of anticoagulation. All @entity1 had received a 30 mn infusion of streptokinase 1.500.000 units within a mean 175 mn period from the initial symptoms. They were followed up clinically (signs of @entity951 or @entity1188 ), angiographically (coronary arteriography within 5.5 days on average) and biochemically (daily measurements of @entity2974 values and blood fibrinogen concentrations). Fifteen recurrent @entity137 (21.4 p. 100), including 6 attacks of @entity951 and 9 @entity583 , were observed. Angiography showed that the artery responsible for the initial @entity1188 was occluded in 23.6 p. 100 (13/55) of @entity1 without recurrent @entity64 . This figure rose to 46.6 p. 100 in @entity1 who suffered a new @entity2142 (7/15; NS) and up to 77 p. 100 in those who developed a new @entity583 (7/9; p less than 0.01). Biochemical data showed that 13 recurrent @entity64 occurred when the APTT values were lower than 1.5 (176 measurements), as against 2 when these values were higher than 1.5 (359 measurements) (p less than 0.01). These two recurrent @entity64 took place when fibrinogen concentrations abruptly rose above 1 g/litre. These results demonstrate that poor quality anticoagulation is responsible for the occurrence of recurrent @entity137 within days of thrombolysis for acute @entity583 . They prompt the authors to recommend anticoagulation with heparin started at an early stage and carefully adjusted by means of repeated biochemical essays.

title: [Intravenous thrombolysis in @entity583 . Influence of the quality of the anticoagulation on the early recurrence rate of XXXX or @entity1188 ].

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: In this retrospective study the data of 70 @entity1 treated with streptokinase in the acute phase of @entity583 were reviewed in search of a possible relation between recurrent @entity137 and degree of anticoagulation. All @entity1 had received a 30 mn infusion of streptokinase 1.500.000 units within a mean 175 mn period from the initial symptoms. They were followed up clinically (signs of @entity951 or @entity1188 ), angiographically (coronary arteriography within 5.5 days on average) and biochemically (daily measurements of @entity2974 values and blood fibrinogen concentrations). Fifteen recurrent @entity137 (21.4 p. 100), including 6 attacks of @entity951 and 9 @entity583 , were observed. Angiography showed that the artery responsible for the initial @entity1188 was occluded in 23.6 p. 100 (13/55) of @entity1 without recurrent @entity64 . This figure rose to 46.6 p. 100 in @entity1 who suffered a new @entity2142 (7/15; NS) and up to 77 p. 100 in those who developed a new @entity583 (7/9; p less than 0.01). Biochemical data showed that 13 recurrent @entity64 occurred when the APTT values were lower than 1.5 (176 measurements), as against 2 when these values were higher than 1.5 (359 measurements) (p less than 0.01). These two recurrent @entity64 took place when fibrinogen concentrations abruptly rose above 1 g/litre. These results demonstrate that poor quality anticoagulation is responsible for the occurrence of recurrent @entity137 within days of thrombolysis for acute @entity583 . They prompt the authors to recommend anticoagulation with heparin started at an early stage and carefully adjusted by means of repeated biochemical essays.

title: [Intravenous thrombolysis in XXXX . Influence of the quality of the anticoagulation on the early recurrence rate of @entity951 or @entity1188 ].

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the detection of anti-amoebic IgG and IgM antibodies to assess its value in distinguishing past from current @entity281 in invasive @entity8016 , particularly in @entity9111 ( @entity9111 ) @entity1 . Using sera from 295 individuals, the ELISA was also compared with the amoebic gel diffusion (AGD) test. In 100 patients the IgG-ELISA at a single test dilution of 1/6,400 had a sensitivity of 99% for clinically diagnosed @entity9111 . In these same @entity1 the IgM-ELISA at a single dilution of 1/400, had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 97.9%. No cross-reactions were observed in sera from @entity1 with @entity1413 . In 121 @entity1 without clinical invasive @entity8016 , 8 were AGD-positive and 12 were IgG-ELISA-positive, giving the latter assay a specificity of 91.7%. This is thought to be due to past @entity281 with @entity2330 . In symptomless carriers of pathogenic zymodemes, 10/11 were seropositive by the IgG-ELISA and 11/11 by the AGD test. There was an excellent correlation between the IgG-ELISA and the AGD test (r = 0.99). The IgG-ELISA is a sensitive, specific, simple and rapid test. It has the clinical advantage that results are obtainable 2 1/2 hours after receipt of the specimen, compared with the 24-48 hours required for the AGD test. The prompt availability of IgG-ELISA results could prove advantageous for implementation of early therapy. The IgM-ELISA was not found to be sensitive enough to be used as an index of active @entity281 .

title: Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic liver abscess', 'ALA']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['amoebiasis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

answer: @entity9111 :: (MESH:D008101,Disease) :: ['amoebic liver abscess']


abstract: The Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research SIN at Villigen is one of the three centres in the world (LAMPF, Los Alamos; TRIUMF, Vancouver) where pion therapy is possible. A dynamic, @entity5 conforming spot scan technique for the treatment of @entity5 has been in use since November 1981. With this technique with a favorable integral dose distribution, curative irradiation also of advanced @entity5 in the retroperitoneum and pelvis is possible. Only at SIN, the treatment of non-resectable soft tissue @entity242 with pions is part of the clinical program. Between 1983 and 1985 totally nine @entity1 were treated, 1/9 with three manifestations, 1/9 with palliative intent. In 20 fractions over five weeks (four fractions a week) total doses of 30 to 36 Gy (90% isodose) were applied. In a follow-up period of eleven to 43 months (median 18 months) only 1/10 @entity5 manifestations treated with greater than or equal to 30 Gy failed locally. The two-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) is 56%. @entity3 were the cause of death in 3/5 @entity1 , 1/5 @entity299 , 1/5 local @entity5 progression. Even though 9/11 @entity5 were located in the retroperitoneum or pelvis, no radiogenic morbidity of the bowel was found. These preliminary results stimulate the intensification of this clinical program. 1986 the same number of @entity1 with non-resectable soft tissue @entity242 was treated as in the whole period 1982 to 1985 before.

title: [Pion radiotherapy of unresectable soft tissue XXXX at the Swiss Institute for Nuclear Research].

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, steps leading to ox-LDL-induced apoptosis remain unclear. We examined the role of ox-LDL and its newly described receptor @entity4493 in the expression of intracellular pro- and antiapoptotic proteins and caspase pathways in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations (10 to 80 microg/mL) of ox-LDL for different times (2 to 24 hours). Ox-LDL induced apoptosis in HCAECs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Ox-LDL also activated @entity8187 and @entity522 , but not @entity8186 . After ox-LDL treatment, there was a significant release of activators of @entity8187 , including @entity4674 and @entity17205 from mitochondria to cytoplasmic compartment, and their release was not affected by treatment of cells with inhibitors of either @entity8186 or @entity8187 . Ox-LDL also decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins @entity588 and c-IAP (inhibitory apoptotic protein)-1, which are involved in the release of @entity4674 and @entity17205 and activation of @entity8187 , in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. On the other hand, ox-LDL did not change the expression of @entity1182 ( @entity1182 ) and proapoptotic protein Fas, which are required for the activation of @entity8186 . Further, ox-LDL did not cause the truncation of @entity5353 , which implies the activation of @entity8186 . In other experiments, pretreatment of HCAECs with the @entity8187 inhibitor @entity46964 , but not the @entity8186 inhibitor @entity70959 , blocked ox-LDL-induced activation of @entity522 and apoptosis. As expected, pretreatment with the @entity522 inhibitor DEVD- @entity435 inhibited ox-LDL-induced activation of @entity522 and resultant apoptosis. The proapoptotic effects of ox-LDL were mediated by its receptor @entity4493 , because pretreatment of HCAECs with antisense- @entity4493 , but not sense- @entity4493 , blocked these effects of ox-LDL. These findings suggest that ox-LDL through its receptor @entity4493 decreases the expression of antiapoptotic proteins @entity588 and @entity1839 . This is followed by activation of apoptotic signaling pathway, involving release of @entity4674 and @entity17205 and activation of @entity8187 and then @entity522 .

title: Role of caspases in Ox-LDL-induced apoptotic cascade in XXXX coronary artery endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1182 :: ('8837', 'Gene') :: ['FLIP', 'Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the initial experience with endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) in @entity1 with @entity397 or symptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) and to compare the results with conventional open surgery. METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2001, 24 @entity1 (21 @entity1 ; mean age 75 years, range 56-89) with @entity397 or symptomatic @entity1028 underwent EVAR using a specially designed aortomonoiliac endograft. Six @entity1 were selected based on device and operator availability; the subsequent 18 @entity1 were treated under a modified management protocol that offered stent-graft repair to all symptomatic @entity1028 @entity1 . The results of this new treatment protocol were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis for the last 8 months of the study. The 30-day outcomes in all @entity1 treated with emergency EVAR were compared with 40 consecutive, contemporaneous @entity1 undergoing open surgery for symptomatic or @entity1755 . RESULTS: No early conversions to open surgery were performed. Significantly @entity190 and intensive care stay (p<0.05 for both) were observed in EVAR @entity1 . The mortality rate for EVAR @entity1 was 17% compared to 32% in conventionally treated @entity1 (NS). Among @entity1 with @entity1755 , the 30-day mortality rates were 24% (4/17) and 41% (12/29) for EVAR and open surgery, respectively (NS). Of 26 unselected @entity1 who were treated prospectively under the modified protocol, the majority (81%, 21/26) had anatomy suitable for endovascular repair; however, only 18 (69%) underwent EVAR owing to a short infrarenal neck (n=2) or device/operator unavailability (n=6). CONCLUSIONS: EVAR is a feasible treatment in the majority of @entity1 with @entity397 or symptomatic @entity1028 . The 30-day mortality appears to be similar between conventionally treated @entity1 and those undergoing endovascular repair.

title: Emergency treatment of symptomatic or XXXX : the role of endovascular repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['decreased operative blood loss']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Although the past number of years have seen a substantial improvement in the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of @entity712 , mortality rates continue to be high. Moreover, the incidence of @entity712 is expanding rapidly. @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange ( @entity44185 ) is a key target for the treatment of @entity712 . @entity44185 is a major mechanism for intracellular pH regulation in most cell types, including the cardiac cell. Seven isoforms of @entity44185 have been identified so far although cardiac cells possess primarily the ubiquitous @entity32815 subtype. @entity32815 is a major contributor to @entity5721 and @entity32815 inhibitors exert marked cardioprotective effects, particularly when administered before ischaemia, findings which have now been extended to clinical trials. It is emerging that @entity32815 also contributes to chronic maladaptive myocardial responses to injury ( @entity296 ) and may contribute to the development of @entity712 . Experimental studies using both in vitro approaches as well as animal models of @entity712 have consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of @entity32815 inhibitors in terms of inhibition of @entity1184 in response to various stimuli as well as inhibiting @entity712 after coronary artery ligation. These effects occurred independently of any @entity1188 size reducing effects of @entity32815 inhibitors or on any direct effects on afterload thus indicating a direct effect on the @entity296 process. In fact, it appears that @entity32815 may represent a common downstream mediator for various hypertropic factors such as @entity2178 , @entity2232 and beta(1) adrenergic receptor activation. @entity32815 inhibition, therefore, represents a potentially effective new therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity712 .

title: Targeting the myocardial @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic and reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial remodelling']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Although the past number of years have seen a substantial improvement in the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of @entity712 , mortality rates continue to be high. Moreover, the incidence of @entity712 is expanding rapidly. @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange ( @entity44185 ) is a key target for the treatment of @entity712 . @entity44185 is a major mechanism for intracellular pH regulation in most cell types, including the cardiac cell. Seven isoforms of @entity44185 have been identified so far although cardiac cells possess primarily the ubiquitous @entity32815 subtype. @entity32815 is a major contributor to @entity5721 and @entity32815 inhibitors exert marked cardioprotective effects, particularly when administered before ischaemia, findings which have now been extended to clinical trials. It is emerging that @entity32815 also contributes to chronic maladaptive myocardial responses to injury ( @entity296 ) and may contribute to the development of @entity712 . Experimental studies using both in vitro approaches as well as animal models of @entity712 have consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of @entity32815 inhibitors in terms of inhibition of @entity1184 in response to various stimuli as well as inhibiting @entity712 after coronary artery ligation. These effects occurred independently of any @entity1188 size reducing effects of @entity32815 inhibitors or on any direct effects on afterload thus indicating a direct effect on the @entity296 process. In fact, it appears that @entity32815 may represent a common downstream mediator for various hypertropic factors such as @entity2178 , @entity2232 and beta(1) adrenergic receptor activation. @entity32815 inhibition, therefore, represents a potentially effective new therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity712 .

title: Targeting the myocardial XXXX - @entity3884 exchange for treatment of @entity712 .

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: Although the past number of years have seen a substantial improvement in the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of @entity712 , mortality rates continue to be high. Moreover, the incidence of @entity712 is expanding rapidly. @entity1372 - @entity3884 exchange ( @entity44185 ) is a key target for the treatment of @entity712 . @entity44185 is a major mechanism for intracellular pH regulation in most cell types, including the cardiac cell. Seven isoforms of @entity44185 have been identified so far although cardiac cells possess primarily the ubiquitous @entity32815 subtype. @entity32815 is a major contributor to @entity5721 and @entity32815 inhibitors exert marked cardioprotective effects, particularly when administered before ischaemia, findings which have now been extended to clinical trials. It is emerging that @entity32815 also contributes to chronic maladaptive myocardial responses to injury ( @entity296 ) and may contribute to the development of @entity712 . Experimental studies using both in vitro approaches as well as animal models of @entity712 have consistently demonstrated a beneficial effect of @entity32815 inhibitors in terms of inhibition of @entity1184 in response to various stimuli as well as inhibiting @entity712 after coronary artery ligation. These effects occurred independently of any @entity1188 size reducing effects of @entity32815 inhibitors or on any direct effects on afterload thus indicating a direct effect on the @entity296 process. In fact, it appears that @entity32815 may represent a common downstream mediator for various hypertropic factors such as @entity2178 , @entity2232 and beta(1) adrenergic receptor activation. @entity32815 inhibition, therefore, represents a potentially effective new therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity712 .

title: Targeting the myocardial @entity1372 - XXXX exchange for treatment of @entity712 .

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: Twenty-five hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 from three centres in the UK were investigated in an open study of the efficacy and side effects of @entity70960 . Five @entity1 dropped out of the study at an early stage and had insufficient data for analysis. There were 13 males and 7 females (mean age 49.2 years, range 18-69). Fourteen @entity1 had heterozygous @entity4310 , and six polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. @entity70960 was started at a dose of 750 mg/day and this was increased at weekly intervals over 4 weeks to the maximum tolerated dosage up to 3 g/day. This was then maintained for a further 8 weeks. There were statistically significant decreases in total plasma @entity165 , total @entity412 , LDL @entity165 and VLDL @entity412 ; HDL @entity165 remained unchanged after 12 weeks of treatment (Wilcoxon matched pairs, signed ranks test). The 14 @entity1 with @entity4310 showed a 13.9% fall in total @entity165 and a 19.8% fall in LDL @entity165 . All @entity1 reported @entity1671 and some had gastrointestinal symptoms but 19 would have been prepared to continue with the therapy at doses up to 3 g/day. Thus @entity70960 has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of both @entity4310 .

title: Clinical and laboratory responses to XXXX in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity70960 :: ('MESH:D009531', 'Chemical') :: ['Niceritrol', 'niceritrol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia', 'familial and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity70960 :: (MESH:D009531,Chemical) :: ['niceritrol']


abstract: The enumeration of faecal bacteria is an important requirement for many studies of bowel health. One approach is the use of selective culture media for the culture and identification of genera or species from faeces. This study compares the culture of Lactobacilli from dilution series of faecal samples from six healthy @entity1 volunteers on two commonly used media, LAMVAB and Rogosa agar. Colonies were counted after a 72-h anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees C, and colony morphology recorded by a single observer. DNA was isolated from a representative number of colonies and genus-specific PCR, single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing performed. Total colony counts ranged from <3.00 to 7.48 log(10) cfu/g of faeces for LAMVAB and 5.09 to 7.66 log(10) cfu/g for Rogosa. For each subject, the total colony count was higher on Rogosa than that obtained with LAMVAB agar. SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing indicated that colony morphology was not an accurate predictor of genus identity. Growth of two species, @entity9206 and @entity24046 , was not supported on LAMVAB medium. Rogosa agar was more likely to support growth of non- @entity24046 species. Therefore, neither medium gave a fully accurate representation of the Lactobacilli species present in @entity1 faecal samples.

title: Comparison of two selective media for the detection and enumeration of Lactobacilli in XXXX faeces.

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus gasseri']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread use of angioplasty, adjunct chemical therapy is often needed to treat @entity1 with @entity2553 . In this study, we examined the safety of intraarterial administration of @entity1855 to @entity1 with @entity2553 . We herein summarize our 2-year experience with this treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the procedure reports, anesthesia records, clinical charts, and brain images of 29 @entity1 who received intraarterially administered @entity1855 in 34 procedures for the treatment of @entity2553 after @entity510 from July 1998 to June 2000. The average changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were used to measure cardiovascular side effects. The neurologic effects were assessed by angiographic findings, the results of neurologic examinations performed before and after the procedure, and findings of CT of the head. RESULTS: The average dose of @entity1855 per @entity1 was 3 +/- 0 mg or 44 +/- 5 mcg/kg. The average changes in mean arterial pressure at 10 and 20 minutes were -5 +/- 1 mm Hg and -2 +/- 1 mm Hg or -3.8 +/- 1.0% and -1.7 +/- 1.1%, respectively. No significant change of heart rate was observed at 10 minutes. The @entity1 showed no sign of @entity428 by hemodynamic parameters, neurologic examination, or CT of the head. On 10 occasions, when the effect of @entity1855 infusion was assessed angiographically, there was 44 +/- 9% increase of vessel diameter in the spastic segment. Neurologic improvement was noted after five of 17 procedures when @entity1855 was used as the sole treatment. CONCLUSION: Low dose @entity1855 is safe when administered intraarterially to @entity1 with @entity2553 . Beneficial effects are achieved in some @entity1 , prompting further study of its efficacy.

title: Intraarterially administered XXXX as adjunct therapy for @entity2553 : safety and 2-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread use of angioplasty, adjunct chemical therapy is often needed to treat @entity1 with @entity2553 . In this study, we examined the safety of intraarterial administration of @entity1855 to @entity1 with @entity2553 . We herein summarize our 2-year experience with this treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the procedure reports, anesthesia records, clinical charts, and brain images of 29 @entity1 who received intraarterially administered @entity1855 in 34 procedures for the treatment of @entity2553 after @entity510 from July 1998 to June 2000. The average changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate were used to measure cardiovascular side effects. The neurologic effects were assessed by angiographic findings, the results of neurologic examinations performed before and after the procedure, and findings of CT of the head. RESULTS: The average dose of @entity1855 per @entity1 was 3 +/- 0 mg or 44 +/- 5 mcg/kg. The average changes in mean arterial pressure at 10 and 20 minutes were -5 +/- 1 mm Hg and -2 +/- 1 mm Hg or -3.8 +/- 1.0% and -1.7 +/- 1.1%, respectively. No significant change of heart rate was observed at 10 minutes. The @entity1 showed no sign of @entity428 by hemodynamic parameters, neurologic examination, or CT of the head. On 10 occasions, when the effect of @entity1855 infusion was assessed angiographically, there was 44 +/- 9% increase of vessel diameter in the spastic segment. Neurologic improvement was noted after five of 17 procedures when @entity1855 was used as the sole treatment. CONCLUSION: Low dose @entity1855 is safe when administered intraarterially to @entity1 with @entity2553 . Beneficial effects are achieved in some @entity1 , prompting further study of its efficacy.

title: Intraarterially administered @entity1855 as adjunct therapy for XXXX : safety and 2-year experience.

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasospasm']


abstract: The @entity46541 signalosome (CSN) is an essential eight-subunit repressor of light-regulated development in @entity958 . This complex has also been identified in animals, though its developmental role remains obscure. CSN subunits have been implicated in various cellular processes, suggesting a possible role for the CSN as an integrator of multiple signaling pathways. In order to elucidate the function of the CSN in animals, a @entity238 model system has previously been established. Gel-filtration analysis with antibodies against CSN subunits 4, 5 and 7 revealed that these proteins act as a complex in @entity238 that is similar in size to the plant and @entity1 complexes. Null mutations in either one of two subunits, @entity70961 or @entity70962 , are larval lethal. Successful embryogenesis appears to be a consequence of maternal contribution of the complex. Biochemical analysis indicates that the different subunits are found in both CSN-dependent and CSN-independent forms, and that these forms are differentially affected by the mutations. Phenotypic characterization of these two mutants indicates that they show both shared and unique phenotypes, which suggest specific roles for each subunit. Both mutants have defective oocyte and embryo patterning, and defects in response to DNA damage, while @entity70962 mutants develop @entity5 and @entity70961 mutants have phenotypes reminiscent of defects in ecdysone signaling.

title: COP9 signalosome subunits 4 and 5 regulate multiple pleiotropic pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanotic tumors']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of functional treatment for distal third humeral shaft @entity174 in young adults. @entity1 AND METHODS: A custom-made prefabricated brace was applied for the functional treatment of 21 isolated, closed, distal third humeral shaft @entity174 of 21 @entity1 (17 male and 4 female). Their average age was 25 years (range 18-37 years). The mean follow-up period was 39 weeks. RESULTS: All of the @entity174 united. The average time to union was 12 weeks. The average varus angulation was 7.8 deg in 8 @entity1 , and the average shortening of the fractured limb was 10 mm in 4 @entity1 . Minimal motion restrictions mostly occurred in shoulder abduction and lateral rotation. No @entity1 showed a lack of elbow motion. @entity85 and shortening had no effect on the functional outcome. None of the @entity1 suffered @entity4542 during the course of treatment or due to entrapment in the callus of the healed @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Young adults who have isolated, closed, distal third humeral shaft @entity174 are good candidates for functional bracing.

title: Functional treatment of the distal third humeral shaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Angulatory deformities']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: A 36-year-old @entity1 was referred with @entity322 and recurrent episodes of @entity2885 . Two years prior to her visit, she underwent transurethral resection of a @entity150 , 5 cm in diameter. Total cystectomy was suggested, as the initial diagnosis was @entity242 . Close re-evaluation of the pathological specimen lead to the final diagnosis of a benign @entity6437 of the bladder as the @entity5 consisted of smooth muscle cells with white blood cell infiltration but without mitotic figures. The @entity5 disappeared during the follow up period. A cystography revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with marked @entity1494 . A cystometry showed @entity1494 and a @entity1494 without detrusor contraction. Neurological examination and a magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord failed to prove the presence of definite @entity16 . She was finally diagnosed with @entity1973 of unknown origin. In this case, she had been suffering from @entity2335 about 6 years before the resection of @entity150 and it was suggested that the occurrence of the @entity1494 would be related with @entity293 due to @entity1973 . @entity322 and @entity293 were controlled successfully with clean intermittent self-catheterization and adequate administration of antimicrobial drugs. @entity3025 was treated with injection of @entity14711 collagen into the ureteral orifices. No @entity5 recurrence has been found up to the present time, 5 years after the resection of @entity150 .

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity6437 of the bladder].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor of bladder', 'low compliance bladder', 'trabeculated bladder', 'loss of bladder sensation']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'chronic urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1973 :: (MESH:D001750,Disease) :: ['neuropathic bladder']


abstract: A 36-year-old @entity1 was referred with @entity322 and recurrent episodes of @entity2885 . Two years prior to her visit, she underwent transurethral resection of a @entity150 , 5 cm in diameter. Total cystectomy was suggested, as the initial diagnosis was @entity242 . Close re-evaluation of the pathological specimen lead to the final diagnosis of a benign @entity6437 of the bladder as the @entity5 consisted of smooth muscle cells with white blood cell infiltration but without mitotic figures. The @entity5 disappeared during the follow up period. A cystography revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with marked @entity1494 . A cystometry showed @entity1494 and a @entity1494 without detrusor contraction. Neurological examination and a magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord failed to prove the presence of definite @entity16 . She was finally diagnosed with @entity1973 of unknown origin. In this case, she had been suffering from @entity2335 about 6 years before the resection of @entity150 and it was suggested that the occurrence of the @entity1494 would be related with @entity293 due to @entity1973 . @entity322 and @entity293 were controlled successfully with clean intermittent self-catheterization and adequate administration of antimicrobial drugs. @entity3025 was treated with injection of @entity14711 collagen into the ureteral orifices. No @entity5 recurrence has been found up to the present time, 5 years after the resection of @entity150 .

title: [A case of @entity1973 with XXXX of the bladder].

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']


abstract: A programme for the control of @entity7736 caused by @entity8072 in @entity291 was launched in 1970 and continued until 1985. The animals were subjected to helminth-control treatment and preventive measures were taken in the herds. The anti-fasciolics Bilevon M and to some extent also Bromsalan pulv. were administered by the veterinary service on the basis of state subsidies in 1973 to 1979. The preparation Helmisan (Spofa) has been in use since 1980; its production is subsidized by the agricultural enterprises. In the period from 1972 ot 1979, up to 213 thousand helminth-control treatments (both therapeutic and preventive) were performed every year in the @entity291 . All treatments reduced the occurrence of @entity8072 and pathological changes in the liver of the killed @entity291 (from 5.8% recorded in 1971 to 0.9 in 1980, on an national average). As a result, 29 districts are free from @entity7736 although the disease originally occurred in all districts of the Czech Socialist Republic. After ten years of purposeful use of antifasciolics, the findings were free from living flukes and the @entity291 only showed pathological changes after the action of @entity8072 . Since 1980 the extensity of the findings of @entity8072 in slaughtered @entity291 has ranged within one percent, though living flukes have recently occurred again in the liver of certain animals. In the enzootically affected regions and districts of the Czech Socialist Republic the @entity7736 control programme succeeded in reducing the number of invaded @entity291 herds.

title: [Control of XXXX in heifers in Czechoslovakia 1970-1985].

entities_list: @entity7736 :: ('MESH:D005211', 'Disease') :: ['fascioliasis']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'F. hepatica']

answer: @entity7736 :: (MESH:D005211,Disease) :: ['fascioliasis']


abstract: Echocardiography evaluates the severity of @entity1151 from its repercussions on haemodynamics. However, many authors have reported the discovery of @entity715 in the right heart cavities of @entity1 with @entity1151 . In order to assess the frequency of intracavitary @entity715 and to evaluate the practical problems it raises, we have systematically examined by echocardiography 84 @entity1 hospitalized for severe, @entity1151 (mean Miller's score: 21). In this series of 39 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 (mean age 62 years), 9 thrombi were detected, i.e. an incidence of 11%. Depending on the ultrasonographic images they presented, these @entity1 were divided into two groups: 1. Six @entity1 with low mobility thrombi attached to the cardiac wall. All benefited from a medical treatment consisting of heparin in 4 cases and a thrombolytic drug in 2 cases. There was no clinical evidence of recurrent @entity887 . Echocardiography showed complete disappearance of the thrombi in 5 of these 6 @entity1 and partial regression under heparin therapy in one. 2. Three @entity1 with a large and mobile @entity715 threatening to prolapse through the tricuspid valve during atrial systole. It seemed rational to regard such thrombi as carrying a high risk of @entity887 with recurrences, especially since they had formed in @entity1 already with severe @entity1151 . This view was confirmed by a search in the literature which yielded a 40% death rate figure when these thrombi were associated with @entity1151 . This high mortality, however, can be reduced by diagnostic and therapeutic measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Detection by echocardiography of a @entity715 of the right cavities in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Echocardiography evaluates the severity of @entity1151 from its repercussions on haemodynamics. However, many authors have reported the discovery of @entity715 in the right heart cavities of @entity1 with @entity1151 . In order to assess the frequency of intracavitary @entity715 and to evaluate the practical problems it raises, we have systematically examined by echocardiography 84 @entity1 hospitalized for severe, @entity1151 (mean Miller's score: 21). In this series of 39 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 (mean age 62 years), 9 thrombi were detected, i.e. an incidence of 11%. Depending on the ultrasonographic images they presented, these @entity1 were divided into two groups: 1. Six @entity1 with low mobility thrombi attached to the cardiac wall. All benefited from a medical treatment consisting of heparin in 4 cases and a thrombolytic drug in 2 cases. There was no clinical evidence of recurrent @entity887 . Echocardiography showed complete disappearance of the thrombi in 5 of these 6 @entity1 and partial regression under heparin therapy in one. 2. Three @entity1 with a large and mobile @entity715 threatening to prolapse through the tricuspid valve during atrial systole. It seemed rational to regard such thrombi as carrying a high risk of @entity887 with recurrences, especially since they had formed in @entity1 already with severe @entity1151 . This view was confirmed by a search in the literature which yielded a 40% death rate figure when these thrombi were associated with @entity1151 . This high mortality, however, can be reduced by diagnostic and therapeutic measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Detection by echocardiography of a XXXX of the right cavities in @entity1151 ].

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: Listeriosis, caused by @entity5125 , appears to be increasing in incidence worldwide. The disease is of great concern to the food industry. A recent outbreak in California was linked to the consumption of Mexican-style soft cheese and involved more than 300 cases, 30% of which were fatal. @entity5125 can be found in a variety of dairy products, leafy vegetables, fish and meat products. It can grow in refrigerated foods and is more heat resistant than most vegetative microbes. The epidemiologic features of listeriosis are poorly understood, and the minimum infectious dose is unknown. Those predisposed to listeriosis include immunocompromised @entity1 and pregnant @entity1 and their fetuses. @entity693 , @entity2208 and @entity295 are the primary manifestations of the disease. Early recognition is critical for successful treatment, and @entity869 is the preferred drug. Listeriosis should be considered in any febrile @entity1 with neurologic symptoms of unknown origin, as well as in @entity1 with unexplained recurrent miscarriages, @entity3465 or @entity5617 . A food source should be the prime suspect if any isolated case or outbreak occurs.

title: XXXX : a foodborne pathogen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature labour']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: In a phase II study, 16 adult @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with i.v. infusions of @entity1260 /mesna 5 g/m2 plus i.v. @entity632 40 mg/m2. Courses were given every 3 weeks up to a maximum of six courses in responding @entity1 . Six @entity1 (37.5%) had either complete (1 @entity1 ) or partial responses (5 @entity1 ). Confidence limits for this response rate were 15.2%-64.5% (95% confidence level). There was one toxic death in association with @entity75 , renal and @entity2131 . Unilateral pneumothoraces occurred in 2 @entity1 with large pulmonary metastases. Recurrent severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 occurred in 2 @entity1 at risk for this complication; @entity1 who develop severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 should not be retreated with this drug. @entity1260 /mesna with @entity632 is an active combination to treat @entity242 but, despite the feasibility of the combination, sequential monotherapy with these drugs might provide similar or better clinical benefit.

title: A phase II study of @entity1260 /mesna with XXXX for @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'adult soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: In a phase II study, 16 adult @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with i.v. infusions of @entity1260 /mesna 5 g/m2 plus i.v. @entity632 40 mg/m2. Courses were given every 3 weeks up to a maximum of six courses in responding @entity1 . Six @entity1 (37.5%) had either complete (1 @entity1 ) or partial responses (5 @entity1 ). Confidence limits for this response rate were 15.2%-64.5% (95% confidence level). There was one toxic death in association with @entity75 , renal and @entity2131 . Unilateral pneumothoraces occurred in 2 @entity1 with large pulmonary metastases. Recurrent severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 occurred in 2 @entity1 at risk for this complication; @entity1 who develop severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 should not be retreated with this drug. @entity1260 /mesna with @entity632 is an active combination to treat @entity242 but, despite the feasibility of the combination, sequential monotherapy with these drugs might provide similar or better clinical benefit.

title: A phase II study of XXXX /mesna with @entity632 for @entity242 .

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: In a phase II study, 16 adult @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with i.v. infusions of @entity1260 /mesna 5 g/m2 plus i.v. @entity632 40 mg/m2. Courses were given every 3 weeks up to a maximum of six courses in responding @entity1 . Six @entity1 (37.5%) had either complete (1 @entity1 ) or partial responses (5 @entity1 ). Confidence limits for this response rate were 15.2%-64.5% (95% confidence level). There was one toxic death in association with @entity75 , renal and @entity2131 . Unilateral pneumothoraces occurred in 2 @entity1 with large pulmonary metastases. Recurrent severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 occurred in 2 @entity1 at risk for this complication; @entity1 who develop severe @entity1260 /mesna @entity75 should not be retreated with this drug. @entity1260 /mesna with @entity632 is an active combination to treat @entity242 but, despite the feasibility of the combination, sequential monotherapy with these drugs might provide similar or better clinical benefit.

title: A phase II study of @entity1260 /mesna with @entity632 for XXXX .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['adult soft tissue sarcoma']