abstract: For the electrotherapy of refractory @entity1165 the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker are available. The long-term use of antitachycardia pacing is still limited by the potential risk of acceleration to @entity2224 . To combine the advantages of antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation, we evaluated the use of an antitachycardia pacemaker with the @entity10804 . The @entity737 was implanted in 13 @entity1 with a mean age of 62 years (from 46 to 75 years); six of them with recurrent @entity1165 (170 +/- 16 per minute) which could reliably be terminated by overdrive pacing, received also an antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651). The underlying @entity299 was @entity301 in 11 @entity1 and @entity296 in 2 cases. All @entity1 had survived 1 to 6 cardiac arrests and had not responded to 6 +/- 1.5 antiarrhythmic drugs. For antitachycardia pacing we used burst stimulation with 4 to 6 stimuli and coupling intervals from 260 to 300 ms. During the follow-up period of 12 +/- 2 months, 83% of 744 @entity591 could be terminated by burst stimulation, according to the diagnostic data of the pulse generator. If the pacemaker failed to terminate or in case of acceleration (three @entity1 ), the automatic countershock of the @entity737 (5-42 per @entity1 ) restored sinus rhythm. In seven @entity1 with high rate @entity591 , 2 to 69 @entity737 discharges occurred. No @entity1 died suddenly, but three died due to underlying disease and one because of a @entity55 postoperatively. Future antitachycardia devices should be flexible with regard to detection and termination modes, combining antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation.

title: [Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( @entity737 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651) in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automatic defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator', 'AICD']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: For the electrotherapy of refractory @entity1165 the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker are available. The long-term use of antitachycardia pacing is still limited by the potential risk of acceleration to @entity2224 . To combine the advantages of antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation, we evaluated the use of an antitachycardia pacemaker with the @entity10804 . The @entity737 was implanted in 13 @entity1 with a mean age of 62 years (from 46 to 75 years); six of them with recurrent @entity1165 (170 +/- 16 per minute) which could reliably be terminated by overdrive pacing, received also an antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651). The underlying @entity299 was @entity301 in 11 @entity1 and @entity296 in 2 cases. All @entity1 had survived 1 to 6 cardiac arrests and had not responded to 6 +/- 1.5 antiarrhythmic drugs. For antitachycardia pacing we used burst stimulation with 4 to 6 stimuli and coupling intervals from 260 to 300 ms. During the follow-up period of 12 +/- 2 months, 83% of 744 @entity591 could be terminated by burst stimulation, according to the diagnostic data of the pulse generator. If the pacemaker failed to terminate or in case of acceleration (three @entity1 ), the automatic countershock of the @entity737 (5-42 per @entity1 ) restored sinus rhythm. In seven @entity1 with high rate @entity591 , 2 to 69 @entity737 discharges occurred. No @entity1 died suddenly, but three died due to underlying disease and one because of a @entity55 postoperatively. Future antitachycardia devices should be flexible with regard to detection and termination modes, combining antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation.

title: [Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( XXXX ) and antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651) in the treatment of @entity1165 ].

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['AICD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity5 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity986 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity57814 and @entity34807 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity5 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity320 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity320 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity320 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity5 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity320 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity57814 polymorphism and @entity5 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity5 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity57814 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity986 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of XXXX gene in @entity320 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['CDKN2A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity5 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity986 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity57814 and @entity34807 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity5 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity320 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity320 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity320 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity5 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity320 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity57814 polymorphism and @entity5 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity5 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity57814 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity986 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of @entity986 gene in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity5 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity986 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity57814 and @entity34807 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity5 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity320 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity320 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity320 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity5 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity320 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity57814 polymorphism and @entity5 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity5 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity57814 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity986 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of @entity986 gene in @entity320 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Foetal @entity35 were injected with high doses of @entity3566 or ovine LH (oLH) to determine if LH receptors were down-regulated and steroidogenesis impaired as is seen in the adult animal. Foetuses injected in utero with 52 micrograms/kg @entity3566 had a prompt increase in intratesticular @entity251 , demonstrating that the injected substance reached the foetal testis. Pregnant mothers were laparotomized and each foetus in one uterine horn injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity3566 . Twenty-four hours later, the foetal testes from both uterine horns were collected and free LH receptor content measured. In foetuses injected with @entity3566 , free LH receptors were significantly reduced. LH receptors in foetal testes from the contralateral horn were not significantly different from those in controls. Foetuses injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity3566 at 17.5 days of gestation showed a delayed response in LH receptor up-regulation when compared with neonatal @entity35 injected with comparable doses of @entity3566 . Injection of foetal and neonatal @entity35 with 400 micrograms/kg oLH showed no evidence of down-regulation, as is seen in the adult. Testes from foetuses injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity4398 days earlier showed an increase in both basal and @entity3566 -stimulated @entity251 production during 3 h of incubation when compared with controls. These results show that the @entity35 foetal testis in vivo does not demonstrate down-regulation of LH receptors or steroidogenic lesions of the @entity251 synthetic pathway when exposed to high levels of @entity3566 as does the adult @entity35 testis. These results from the foetal testis in vivo are in agreement with results obtained from the foetal testis in vitro and the neonatal testis in vivo.

title: Regulation of LH receptors and steroidogenesis in the foetal XXXX testis in vivo.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The authors have reviewed 158 eyes with evolving or completed @entity937 . Observations of these @entity1 suggest that prefoveal vitreous cortex contraction is probably the cause of @entity937 . The earliest sign of an impending macular hole (stage 1) appears to be the development of a yellow spot or halo associated with @entity308 . No @entity15811 is present. This may resolve or progress to a small, early macular hole (stage 2). This hole gradually enlarged to a diameter of approximately 485 micron. The vitreous usually remained attached or a vitreofoveal separation developed (stage 3). Some eyes had complete posterior @entity15811 (stage 4). The implications for surgical intervention are discussed. A prospective study should be undertaken to confirm these findings and to investigate the feasibility of vitrectomy intervention to peel the prefoveal vitreous cortex in eyes with a stage 1 lesion.

title: XXXX . Observations, stages of formation, and implications for surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15811 :: ('MESH:D014823', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous separation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['loss of the normal anatomic foveal depression']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular holes']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic macular holes']


abstract: In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the @entity89 be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into @entity19 . Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of @entity39 . Typical @entity4843 cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the @entity4843 cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population.

title: Features of XXXX xenografted in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['central giant cell granuloma of the jaws']

entities_list: @entity4843 :: ('MESH:D000742', 'Disease') :: ['multinucleated giant']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity89 :: (MESH:D007571,Disease) :: ['central giant cell granuloma of the jaws']


abstract: In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the @entity89 be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into @entity19 . Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of @entity39 . Typical @entity4843 cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the @entity4843 cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population.

title: Features of @entity89 xenografted in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3885 is the most common cause of @entity3181 in Orientals. Recently, percutaneous @entity661 (PTBA) has been successfully applied as a treatment of @entity3885 . We evaluated etiologies and clinical manifestations in our cases and the usefulness of PTBA. METHODS: Twelve cases of @entity3181 were analyzed. RESULTS: 50.3 years was the average age of the cases (ranging from 37 to 67 years). Major symptoms or signs were superficial collateral vessels on the chest or the abdomen in 6 cases, @entity843 in 3, @entity490 in 4, @entity382 in 4, @entity381 in 3, melena or hematemesis in 2, and leg @entity4 in 2. Upper @entity344 showed esophageal varices in 6 cases and two of these 6 cases had @entity2312 . Of 8 cases with @entity1575 , 4 were classified as @entity1 -Pugh class A and 4 as B. Four @entity1 with @entity82 had concurrent @entity157 including 1 @entity1 who was HBs Ag positive. Etiologies were @entity3885 in 11 cases and @entity7131 in 1 case. The main site of obstruction was IVC in 8 and hepatic vein in 4. PTBA was successfully performed in 8 cases of @entity3885 . During the mean follow-up period of 27.6 months (12-40 months), there were no reobstructions except in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity3181 in our cases was @entity3885 of IVC. Percutaneous @entity661 is a very useful treatment method.

title: [The usefullness of percutaneous XXXX in the management of @entity3181 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['membranous obstruction', 'Membranous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['transluminal balloon angioplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity3885 is the most common cause of @entity3181 in Orientals. Recently, percutaneous @entity661 (PTBA) has been successfully applied as a treatment of @entity3885 . We evaluated etiologies and clinical manifestations in our cases and the usefulness of PTBA. METHODS: Twelve cases of @entity3181 were analyzed. RESULTS: 50.3 years was the average age of the cases (ranging from 37 to 67 years). Major symptoms or signs were superficial collateral vessels on the chest or the abdomen in 6 cases, @entity843 in 3, @entity490 in 4, @entity382 in 4, @entity381 in 3, melena or hematemesis in 2, and leg @entity4 in 2. Upper @entity344 showed esophageal varices in 6 cases and two of these 6 cases had @entity2312 . Of 8 cases with @entity1575 , 4 were classified as @entity1 -Pugh class A and 4 as B. Four @entity1 with @entity82 had concurrent @entity157 including 1 @entity1 who was HBs Ag positive. Etiologies were @entity3885 in 11 cases and @entity7131 in 1 case. The main site of obstruction was IVC in 8 and hepatic vein in 4. PTBA was successfully performed in 8 cases of @entity3885 . During the mean follow-up period of 27.6 months (12-40 months), there were no reobstructions except in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity3181 in our cases was @entity3885 of IVC. Percutaneous @entity661 is a very useful treatment method.

title: [The usefullness of percutaneous @entity661 in the management of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: With 12 available US Food and Drug Administration approved medications for the treatment of relapsing @entity15 ( @entity15 ), choosing an initial therapy is no longer a straightforward task. Each disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has a distinct risk-benefit profile and each @entity1 is an individual. Therefore, the development of a simple algorithm to apply in selecting initial therapy is not feasible. Instead, the prescribing physician must consider many factors related to the treatments themselves, such as efficacy, safety, and tolerability, while also taking into account a particular @entity1 's disease characteristics, personal preferences, comorbid illnesses and reproductive plans. The efficacy of each drug may be assessed through clinical trial data, although these data are limited by scarcity of direct comparisons among the different agents and lack of availability of biomarkers to predict an individual @entity1 's response. Differences in safety profiles help to distinguish the various DMTs and influence selection of agent; both the known safety concerns, which can be addressed with risk mitigation and monitoring strategies, and the potential for yet undiscovered safety issues must be assessed, and an individual @entity1 's comfort level with the risks and ability to comply with monitoring must be determined. Potential issues related to tolerability, which largely relate to matters of @entity1 personal preference and lifestyle, should also be factored into the decision-making process. With regard to the timing of therapy initiation, it must be acknowledged that long-term benefits of early DMT have not yet been definitively demonstrated. Nonetheless, starting DMT early in the @entity15 has been shown to have a beneficial effect on relapse prevention, and appears to curtail the @entity194 and neurodegenerative changes that are now known to begin at disease onset. Although under certain circumstances there are acceptable reasons for deferring treatment, it is generally recommended that DMT is initiated early in the disease course.

title: Optimizing the initial choice and timing of therapy in relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS disease course']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with the risk of @entity418 . But the influence of BMI on @entity260 and prognosis has always been controversial. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, 424 @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) underwent R0 esophagectomy at our center without neoadjuvant therapy. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for survival. RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into three groups according to Asian-specific BMI cut-off value: underweight (n = 45), normal weight (n = 228), and overweight and @entity28 (n = 151). Mean follow-up time was 39 months. The five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was 19%, 34%, and 42% for underweight, normal weight, and overweight and @entity28 , respectively (P < 0.001). The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 24%, 41%, and 74% for underweight, normal weight, and overweight and @entity28 , respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that pT, pN, and BMI were independent prognostic factors for DFS and @entity1349 . The C-index to the combined model showed improved predictive ability when compared to the pN classification (0.779 vs. 0.734). CONCLUSION: Preoperative BMI was an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS. The proposed new prognostic model with the pN classification supplemented by BMI might improve the ability to discriminate @entity1721 @entity1 ' outcome.

title: Prognostic significance of the pN classification supplemented by body mass index for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ( @entity16154 ) is a candidate gene for @entity5 suppression. The expression of @entity16154 is down-regulated in several @entity5 including @entity2 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of @entity16154 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of @entity1476 ( @entity5379 ( @entity1495 ) in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity16154 ( @entity16154 ) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged @entity16154 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with @entity16154 and a control plasmid without @entity16154 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of @entity16154 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that @entity16154 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that @entity16154 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity16154 may be a new anti-invasion factor in @entity2 that inhibits MMPs activities.

title: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces @entity5379 activities and cell invasion of XXXX cell line in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['A549 lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ( @entity16154 ) is a candidate gene for @entity5 suppression. The expression of @entity16154 is down-regulated in several @entity5 including @entity2 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of @entity16154 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of @entity1476 ( @entity5379 ( @entity1495 ) in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity16154 ( @entity16154 ) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged @entity16154 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with @entity16154 and a control plasmid without @entity16154 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of @entity16154 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that @entity16154 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that @entity16154 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity16154 may be a new anti-invasion factor in @entity2 that inhibits MMPs activities.

title: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces XXXX activities and cell invasion of @entity2 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']


abstract: The development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of @entity35 and @entity19 intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense @entity1712 . During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the @entity75 , evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid @entity738 associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by @entity82 . External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in @entity35 , large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells (= globule leucocytes) also surround @entity738 , and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. @entity32 slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.

title: Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['cuticle granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesion']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of @entity35 and @entity19 intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense @entity1712 . During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the @entity75 , evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid @entity738 associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by @entity82 . External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in @entity35 , large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells (= globule leucocytes) also surround @entity738 , and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. @entity32 slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.

title: Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in @entity19 and XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the different urodynamic patterns in female @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) and to assess whether urodynamics alone can be relied on for the diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective study included 60 clinically obstructed @entity1 and 27 with stress urinary @entity322 as a control group. All @entity1 had pressure-flow studies and were divided into four groups. Group A (control group, 27 @entity1 ) and group B (22) had a maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) of >15  mL/s and a detrusor pressure at Q max (P det Q max) of <30 or >30  cm @entity4358 , respectively. Group C (20 @entity1 ) and group D (18) had a Q max of <15  mL/s and a P det Q max of >30 or <30  cm @entity4358 , respectively. RESULTS: The mean Q max for groups A, B, C, and D were 21.8, 21.9, 10.8 and 9.9  mL/s, respectively, while the mean P det Q max was 20.8, 40.4, 48.7, and 18.7  cm @entity4358 , respectively. The residual urine volume was <100  mL in groups A and B but >100  mL in groups C and D. When compared with group A, groups B-D had a significant difference in vesical pressure, groups B and C had a significant difference in P det Q max, while Q max, the maximum voided volume and residual urine volume were significantly different in groups C and D. Group A was obviously unobstructed, group B might have @entity3885 , group C had compensated obstruction, while group D can be considered to have late de-compensated obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1876 in females has three different urodynamic patterns, i.e. early, compensated and late obstruction. However, urodynamics should be combined with the clinical presentation and residual urine volume for an accurate diagnosis.

title: Different urodynamic patterns in female XXXX : Can urodynamics alone reach the diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['early obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1876 :: (MESH:D001748,Disease) :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']


abstract: @entity545 ( @entity545 ) is a relatively common condition, which can @entity458 . Despite an abundance of minimally invasive treatments, few have confirmed efficacy for improving penile curvature and function. Surgical therapies include many different techniques and are reserved for @entity1 with stable disease of    12  months' duration. We searched PubMed for all articles from 1990 to the present relating to the surgical management of @entity545 . Preference was given to recent articles, larger series, and those comparing various techniques and/or materials. Outcomes were subsequently analysed and organised by surgical technique and the graft material used. Available surgical techniques include plication/corporoplasty procedures, incision and grafting (I_G), and placing a penile prosthesis with or without adjunctive procedures. Although several surgical algorithms have been reported, in general, plication/corporoplasty procedures are reserved for @entity1 with adequate erectile function, simple curvatures of <60  , and with no @entity85 (hour-glass, hinge). I_G are reserved for complex curvatures of >60   and those with @entity85 . Penile prostheses are indicated for combined @entity323 and @entity545 . Overall outcomes show high rates of improved curvature and @entity1 satisfaction, with mildly decreased erectile function with both plication and the I_G procedure (I_G >plication) and decreases in penile length (plication >I_G). Surgical management of @entity545 remains an excellent treatment option for @entity1 with penile curvature precluding or impairing sexual activity. Surgical algorithms are available to assist treating clinicians in appropriately stratifying surgical candidates. Additional research is needed to identify optimal surgical techniques and materials based on @entity1 and disease characteristics.

title: A critical analysis of the surgical outcomes for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['impair sexual function and result in emotional and psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Three subtypes, @entity3725 , @entity12578 /  , and PPARy, have been identified so far. @entity3725 is expressed in the liver, kidney, small intestine, heart, and muscle, where it activates the @entity844 catabolism and control lipoprotein assembly in response to long-chain @entity1474 , @entity1813 , and hypolipidemic drugs (e.g., @entity3724 ). @entity12578 /   is more broadly expressed and is implicated in @entity844 oxidation, keratinocyte differentiation, wound healing, and macrophage response to very low density lipoprotein metabolism. This isoform has been implicated in transcriptional-repression functions and has been shown to repress the activity of @entity3725 or PPARy target genes. PPARy1 and y2 are generated from a single-gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing. PPARy1 is expressed in colon, immune system (e.g., monocytes and macrophages), and other tissues where it participates in the modulation of @entity32 , cell proliferation, and differentiation. PPARs regulate gene expression through distinct mechanisms: Ligand-dependent transactivation, ligand-independent repression, and ligand-dependent transrepression. Studies in animals have demonstrated the gastric antisecretory activity of @entity3725 agonists like @entity17544 , @entity10569 and clofibrate. Study by Pathak et al also demonstrated the effect of @entity3725 agonist, @entity10569 , on gastric secretion and gastric cytoprotection in various @entity2275 models in @entity35 . The majority of the experimental studies is on @entity12098 and @entity6170 , which are PPARy activators. In all the studies, both the PPARy activators showed protection against the @entity2275 and also accelerate the @entity1066 in @entity2275 model in @entity35 . Therefore, @entity3725 and PPARy may be a target for @entity2275 therapy. Finally, more studies are also needed to confirm the involvement of PPARs a and y in @entity2275 .

title: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma in XXXX : An overview of experimental evidences.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity17544 :: ('MESH:C019304', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofibrate']

entities_list: @entity10569 :: ('MESH:D001629', 'Chemical') :: ['bezafibrate']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) has been occasionally observed in @entity1 with @entity5343 ( @entity5343 ). In contrast, less than 20 cases of comorbid @entity5343 with @entity1669 have been found in the English literature. One conceivable reason is difficulty in detecting latent @entity5343 . OBJECTIVE: Information of clinical presentation and diagnostics is sought to facilitate diagnosis of latent @entity5343 . METHODS: Latent @entity5343 was pursued in 11 @entity1 among 159 @entity1669 @entity1 . All of them were maintained in a euthyroid state. Except for one @entity1 with @entity85 , the other @entity1 , who were asymptomatic in their daily lives, presented with recurrent nonspecific @entity344 or fatigue in stress-associated circumstances. Morning @entity701 level <303 nmol/l was used as an inclusion criterion. Their basal adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were normal. The adrenal status was examined by a provocation test, either an insulin-induced @entity4053 test or a 1- g intravenous corticotrophin test. Eleven @entity1 showed subnormal @entity701 response. They were supplemented with @entity701 of doses  <=15 mg/day. After a few months of supplementation, @entity5343 was confirmed by another provocation test. Three @entity1 were excluded because of dissociation of two provocation tests. RESULTS: Comorbid latent @entity5343 with @entity1669 was pursued from the symptoms stated above and proven by two provocation tests; it was found in 5% (8/159) of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: When @entity1 with @entity1669 are troubled by recurrent stress-associated gastrointestinal or constitutional symptoms or @entity85 which have remained unrelieved by adjustment of thyroid medication, these symptoms may be a manifestation of comorbid latent @entity5343 . It is worth investigating such @entity1 for latent @entity5343 .

title: Comorbid Latent Adrenal Insufficiency with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['ATD', 'Autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['primary adrenal insufficiency', 'PAI']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nonrheumatic musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Thyroid Disease']


abstract: @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity5 . Early and accurate diagnosis of @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater will lead to early treatment and subsequent better prognosis. Endoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) has been shown to be one of the best diagnostic modalities. Furthermore an endoscopic biliary drainage procedure can be performed immediately following the diagnostic procedure. The @entity5 may be seen as large, fleshy, friable exophytic growths, as @entity5 into the duodenal wall or as a mass behind the orifice of the papilla, covered with normal duodenal mucosa. Forceps biopsies do not always suffice to show @entity5 . Large snare biopsies often are necessary. Occasionally the final diagnosis of @entity5 can only be made by examination of the surgical resection specimen. @entity5 arising inside the ampulla form a bulge, covered by normal duodenal mucosa. An impacted stone may mimic this picture. Endoscopic papillotomy is then mandatory to make the final diagnosis. Histologic examination of forceps biopsies reveals @entity5 in only 60% of cases. When snare biopsy is used, the diagnostic yield increases to 83%. The optimal treatment of @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater is surgical resection. Preoperative biliary drainage should theoretically be of benefit to the @entity1 . The results of preoperative percutaneous drainage studies are, however, conflicting. @entity189 of the ampulla of Vater is not resectable in 25-50% of the @entity1 because of @entity3 , deep extension of the @entity5 or general contraindications for major surgery. Endoscopic papillotomy or stent placement as a definitive treatment modality should be reserved for poor surgical candidates and for those @entity1 with limited life expectancy due to @entity3 .

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater: the endoscopic approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ulcerated tumors', 'Tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity460 antagonists are potent vasodilators. This physiologic property suggests that these agents have a potential role in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity712 . Although the clinical response to @entity460 antagonism in @entity101 is promising, the response in @entity1 with @entity712 is less than hoped for; this is due to the fact that this class of agents may induce a hemodynamically important degree of negative inotropic effect. To test the hemodynamic response to @entity3360 , a second-generation @entity7236 , the hemodynamic response to maximal ergometric exercise was evaluated in a group of @entity1 with moderate to severe chronic @entity712 . One week of @entity3360 therapy was associated with a significant reversal of vasoconstriction at rest and during peak exercise with a secondary increase of cardiac index, and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure. The reversal of vasoconstriction was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure, with no change in the heart rate. There was no change in @entity26 consumption or @entity544 production; however, there was a decrease in arteriovenous @entity26 difference, consistent with a reduction of @entity26 extraction. This short-term study identified the potent vasodilator properties of @entity3360 in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ; a hemodynamically significant negative inotropic effect could not be identified. Although the use of @entity460 antagonists for the treatment of @entity712 may have a limited role, this study nonetheless suggests that @entity3360 may have a favorable vasodilator effect without an overt negative inotropic effect. This would be of considerable advantage in the treatment of @entity101 , when compared with beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

title: Use of invasive ergometric exercise to assess the hemodynamic response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels fluctuate in @entity1 with @entity454 over time. This study quantified Hgb level variability and the likelihood of falling within the Hgb level goal range of 11 to 12 g/dL. Implications on the percentage of @entity1 exceeding 3-month rolling average Hgb levels of 12, 12.5, and 13 g/dL were determined. METHODS: Phase I (n = 65,009) tracked @entity1 with Hgb values initially outside the goal range (<11 or >12 g/dL) during 2000. Correlation with facility-specific thresholds also was evaluated. Phase II (n = 48,133) quantified variation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels in a subset with greater than 10 months of data (mean Hgb, 11.4 +/- 1.3 g/dL). RESULTS: A total of 24,948 @entity1 (38.4%) had Hgb levels between 11 and 12 g/dL. In only 8% did Hgb levels consistently remain less than 11 g/dL, and in 18%, greater than 12 g/dL all year. Twenty-nine percent (18,633 @entity1 ) moved from below to above target range or vice versa. Greater mean facility Hgb level correlated with a greater percentage of @entity1 with Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL (R2 = 0.49) and greater than 12.5 g/dL (R2 = 0.61). For facilities to have 90% or greater of @entity1 with 3-month rolling average Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL, 13% to 31% of @entity1 will have 3-month rolling average Hgb values greater than 12.5 g/dL. The average individual @entity1 is expected to have a +/-1.4-g/dL fluctuation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels per year. Despite increased mean Hgb levels and @entity1307 (EPO) and @entity68 use, the spread of the Hgb distribution curve remained unchanged in the last 6 years. CONCLUSION: Variability caused by laboratory assays, biological factors, and therapeutic response determines @entity1 Hgb level variability. Improving factors that can be manipulated (eg, standardizing EPO and @entity68 algorithms) and adjustment of the target Hgb level range, specifically, by increasing the upper bound, likely will decrease the observed variability and further enhance the quality of @entity417 management.

title: Effect of variability in XXXX management on hemoglobin outcomes in @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels fluctuate in @entity1 with @entity454 over time. This study quantified Hgb level variability and the likelihood of falling within the Hgb level goal range of 11 to 12 g/dL. Implications on the percentage of @entity1 exceeding 3-month rolling average Hgb levels of 12, 12.5, and 13 g/dL were determined. METHODS: Phase I (n = 65,009) tracked @entity1 with Hgb values initially outside the goal range (<11 or >12 g/dL) during 2000. Correlation with facility-specific thresholds also was evaluated. Phase II (n = 48,133) quantified variation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels in a subset with greater than 10 months of data (mean Hgb, 11.4 +/- 1.3 g/dL). RESULTS: A total of 24,948 @entity1 (38.4%) had Hgb levels between 11 and 12 g/dL. In only 8% did Hgb levels consistently remain less than 11 g/dL, and in 18%, greater than 12 g/dL all year. Twenty-nine percent (18,633 @entity1 ) moved from below to above target range or vice versa. Greater mean facility Hgb level correlated with a greater percentage of @entity1 with Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL (R2 = 0.49) and greater than 12.5 g/dL (R2 = 0.61). For facilities to have 90% or greater of @entity1 with 3-month rolling average Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL, 13% to 31% of @entity1 will have 3-month rolling average Hgb values greater than 12.5 g/dL. The average individual @entity1 is expected to have a +/-1.4-g/dL fluctuation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels per year. Despite increased mean Hgb levels and @entity1307 (EPO) and @entity68 use, the spread of the Hgb distribution curve remained unchanged in the last 6 years. CONCLUSION: Variability caused by laboratory assays, biological factors, and therapeutic response determines @entity1 Hgb level variability. Improving factors that can be manipulated (eg, standardizing EPO and @entity68 algorithms) and adjustment of the target Hgb level range, specifically, by increasing the upper bound, likely will decrease the observed variability and further enhance the quality of @entity417 management.

title: Effect of variability in @entity417 management on hemoglobin outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the complications of hemodialysis (HD) therapy is @entity417 caused by @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) deficiency. Recombinant @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) has been used routinely as a supplemental treatment. Erythrocyte expression of the complement regulatory proteins @entity9819 ( @entity9819 ) and @entity1009 restricts complement activation and inhibits @entity2142 . We hypothesized that the efficacy of @entity5301 treatment may be caused in part by the ability of @entity5301 to increase erythrocyte expression of @entity9819 and @entity1009 . METHODS: @entity9819 , @entity1009 , and @entity3432 ( @entity3432 ) levels were analyzed for a group of 95 HD @entity1 and compared with those of a control group. To evaluate effects of discontinuation of @entity5301 therapy, @entity5301 therapy was stopped for 12 HD @entity1 until hematocrits decreased to less than 25%. @entity9819 and @entity1009 levels then were reanalyzed. RESULTS: In the 95 HD @entity1 , three factors correlated significantly: @entity9819 and @entity1009 (r = 0.642), @entity9819 and @entity3432 (r = 0.503), and @entity1009 and @entity3432 (r = 0.324), whereas no correlations were found in the group of 42 healthy controls. In the experiment in which @entity5301 therapy was discontinued, 8 of 12 @entity1 reached the defined level of @entity417 4 to 7 weeks after @entity5301 treatment had been withheld. Both @entity9819 and @entity1009 levels decreased significantly after discontinuation of @entity5301 therapy (P < 0.01). @entity9819 and @entity1009 levels increased in all 8 @entity1 after @entity5301 treatment was reinitiated (P < 0.01), and @entity3432 levels increased in 5 of 8 @entity1 . Four of 12 @entity1 showed no evidence of @entity417 after discontinuation of @entity5301 treatment. In these @entity1 , @entity9819 , @entity1009 , and @entity3432 levels did not change before or after withholding @entity5301 therapy. CONCLUSION: One of the mechanisms mediating the efficacy of @entity1307 therapy is increased @entity9819 and @entity1009 expression.

title: Recombinant XXXX therapy increases erythrocyte expression of complement regulatory proteins.

entities_list: @entity3432 :: ('1378', 'Gene') :: ['complement receptor 1', 'CR1']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity9819 :: ('1604', 'Gene') :: ['decay accelerating factor', 'DAF']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['EPO']


abstract: @entity1603 (BUDR) is a @entity1014 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity2667 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity5 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity1313 , and observed no immediate @entity137 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity1653 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity11 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity1313 . The @entity7322 obtained in @entity11 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity5 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of @entity1 @entity1313 : in vivo study with XXXX and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'planning tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'the DNA synthesis time']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: @entity1603 (BUDR) is a @entity1014 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity2667 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity5 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity1313 , and observed no immediate @entity137 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity1653 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity11 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity1313 . The @entity7322 obtained in @entity11 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity5 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of @entity1 XXXX : in vivo study with @entity1603 and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: @entity1603 (BUDR) is a @entity1014 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity2667 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity5 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity1313 , and observed no immediate @entity137 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity1653 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity11 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity1313 . The @entity7322 obtained in @entity11 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity5 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of XXXX @entity1313 : in vivo study with @entity1603 and flow cytometry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The LiGHT trial (Laser-1st versus Drops-1st for @entity2790 Trial) is a multicentre randomised controlled trial of two treatment pathways for @entity1 who are newly diagnosed with @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ). The main hypothesis for the trial is that lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as the primary treatment ('Laser-1st') leads to a better health-related quality of life than for those started on IOP-lowering drops as their primary treatment ('Medicine-1st') and that this is associated with reduced costs and improved tolerability of treatment. This paper describes the statistical analysis plan for the study. METHODS/DESIGN: The LiGHT trial is an unmasked, multi-centre randomised controlled trial. A total of 718 @entity1 (359 per arm) are being randomised to two groups: medicine-first or laser-first treatment. Outcomes are recorded at baseline and at 6-month intervals up to 36  months. The primary outcome measure is health-related quality of life (HRQL) at 36  months measured using the EQ-5D-5L. The main secondary outcome is the @entity726 Index. We plan to analyse the @entity1 outcome data according to the group to which the @entity1 was originally assigned. Methods of statistical analysis are described, including the handling of missing data, the covariates used in the adjusted analyses and the planned sensitivity analyses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with the ISRCTN register on 23/07/2012, number ISRCTN32038223 .

title: Statistical analysis plan for the Laser-1st versus Drops-1st for XXXX Trial (LiGHT): a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension', 'OHT', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma', 'OAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma Utility']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: It is not clear whether levels of continuous @entity209 (cMetS) are associated with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the cMetS score to predict progression to @entity2175 in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity1 with @entity2175 in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: A total of 1,869 non-diabetic FDRs 30-70 years old in 2003-2005 were followed through 2014 for the occurrence of @entity2175 . At baseline and through follow-ups, @entity1 underwent a standard 75 g 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test. MetS was defined by the National @entity165 Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The cMetS score was calculated using age- and gender-standardized Z-score for MetS components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the association between cMetS and components of MetS with @entity2175 . RESULTS: During 13,571 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 72 @entity1 and 210 @entity1 developed @entity6 . Those in the top quartile of cMetS were 8.0 times more likely to develop @entity6 than those in the bottom quartile (OR 7.96; 95% CI 4.88-12.99). On ROC curve analysis, a higher area under the ROC were found for FPG (74.3%; 95% CI 70.8-77.8), than for cMetS (69.4%; 95% CI 66.0-72.8). CONCLUSIONS: The cMetS score is a robust predictor of @entity2175 and may be more effective and efficient than the current binary definition of MetS in predicting progression to @entity2175 in our study population.

title: Utility of Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score in Assessing Risk of Type 2 XXXX : The Isfahan @entity6 Prevention Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: It is not clear whether levels of continuous @entity209 (cMetS) are associated with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the cMetS score to predict progression to @entity2175 in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity1 with @entity2175 in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: A total of 1,869 non-diabetic FDRs 30-70 years old in 2003-2005 were followed through 2014 for the occurrence of @entity2175 . At baseline and through follow-ups, @entity1 underwent a standard 75 g 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test. MetS was defined by the National @entity165 Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The cMetS score was calculated using age- and gender-standardized Z-score for MetS components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the association between cMetS and components of MetS with @entity2175 . RESULTS: During 13,571 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 72 @entity1 and 210 @entity1 developed @entity6 . Those in the top quartile of cMetS were 8.0 times more likely to develop @entity6 than those in the bottom quartile (OR 7.96; 95% CI 4.88-12.99). On ROC curve analysis, a higher area under the ROC were found for FPG (74.3%; 95% CI 70.8-77.8), than for cMetS (69.4%; 95% CI 66.0-72.8). CONCLUSIONS: The cMetS score is a robust predictor of @entity2175 and may be more effective and efficient than the current binary definition of MetS in predicting progression to @entity2175 in our study population.

title: Utility of Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score in Assessing Risk of Type 2 @entity6 : The Isfahan XXXX Prevention Study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: AIM: There is ambiguity with regard to the optimal management of @entity3354 . The aim of this review was to assess and compare international/national society guidelines currently available in the literature on the management, treatment and surveillance of @entity3354 . We also aimed to assess the quality of the studies used to compile the guidelines and to clarify the terminology used in histological assessment. METHOD: An electronic search of PubMed and Embase was performed using the search terms ' @entity5436 ', 'AIN', ' @entity5 ', 'guidelines', 'surveillance' and 'management'. Literature reviews and guidelines or practice guidelines in peer reviewed journals from 1(st) January 2000 to 31(st) December 2014, assessing the treatment, surveillance or management of @entity1 with AIN related to HPV were included. The guidelines identified by the search were assessed for the quality of evidence behind them using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. RESULTS: The database search identified 5159 articles and two further guidelines were sourced from official body guidelines. After inclusion criteria were applied, 28 full text papers were reviewed. Twenty-five of these were excluded, leaving three guidelines for inclusion in the systematic review including those published by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) and the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR). There were no guidelines identified on the management of @entity3354 from @entity645 associations and societies. All three guidelines agree that a high index of clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosing AIN with a disease-specific history, physical examination, digital rectal examination and anal cytology. There is interchange of terminology from @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) (which incorporates AIN II/III) and @entity3354 between the literature leading to @entity911 in therapy use. Treatment varies from immunomodulation and photodynamic therapy to targeted destruction of areas of @entity1893 /AIN II/III using infrared coagulation, electrocautery, cryotherapy or surgical excision but with little consensus between the guidelines. Recommendations on surveillance strategies were similarly discordant, ranging from six-monthly physical examination to annual anoscopy +/- biopsy. Over 50% of the recommendations are based on Level 3 or Level 4 evidence and many were compiled using studies that were greater than 10 years old. CONCLUSION: Despite concordance regarding diagnosis, there is significant variation amongst the guidelines over recommendations on the treatment and surveillance of @entity1 with @entity1893 /AIN II/III. All three sets of guidelines are based on low level, out-dated evidence originating from the 1980s and 1990s. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Systematic Review of guidelines for the assessment and management of High Grade XXXX (AIN II/III).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['High Grade AIN', 'HGAIN']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['anal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia']


abstract: It is well known that closure of the @entity418 is incomplete in about 25-30% of all @entity1 ; the @entity354 is a direct consequence. Roughly two-thirds of these @entity1 do not show symptoms and only one-third become symptomatic. The symptoms are mild in about 75% of the symptomatic @entity1 ; no treatment or medical treatment by pediatrician is required. In the remaining 25% the symptoms are moderate or severe and the clinical treatment is necessary. About the 85% of these @entity1 are cured with conservative treatment and only 15% of this small remaining group require surgery. In the paper the diagnostic problems and indications for surgery are considered. The Authors report the results of 66 @entity1 operated on for @entity354 without (44 @entity1 ) and with (22 @entity1 ) @entity357 . The operative technique was gastropexy according to Boerema plus retroesophageal hiatopexy in the cases of important @entity357 . At the follow-up 61 @entity1 (92.5%) were completely asymptomatic and three showed mild symptoms without pathological radiological findings. Clinical and radiological recurrences occurred in two @entity1 (4.5%) with severe @entity75 . Two @entity1 were reoperated on postoperatively for an ileus due to adhesion. The mortality rate has been zero. In the author's opinion, the Boerema procedure is a simple, physiologic and fast technique, associated with very few complications and no mortality rate and should be considered the elective method in the surgical treatment of @entity354 and @entity357 in @entity4806 @entity1 .

title: [Indications and results of surgical treatment in XXXX and @entity357 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia', 'hiatal hernia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: It is well known that closure of the @entity418 is incomplete in about 25-30% of all @entity1 ; the @entity354 is a direct consequence. Roughly two-thirds of these @entity1 do not show symptoms and only one-third become symptomatic. The symptoms are mild in about 75% of the symptomatic @entity1 ; no treatment or medical treatment by pediatrician is required. In the remaining 25% the symptoms are moderate or severe and the clinical treatment is necessary. About the 85% of these @entity1 are cured with conservative treatment and only 15% of this small remaining group require surgery. In the paper the diagnostic problems and indications for surgery are considered. The Authors report the results of 66 @entity1 operated on for @entity354 without (44 @entity1 ) and with (22 @entity1 ) @entity357 . The operative technique was gastropexy according to Boerema plus retroesophageal hiatopexy in the cases of important @entity357 . At the follow-up 61 @entity1 (92.5%) were completely asymptomatic and three showed mild symptoms without pathological radiological findings. Clinical and radiological recurrences occurred in two @entity1 (4.5%) with severe @entity75 . Two @entity1 were reoperated on postoperatively for an ileus due to adhesion. The mortality rate has been zero. In the author's opinion, the Boerema procedure is a simple, physiologic and fast technique, associated with very few complications and no mortality rate and should be considered the elective method in the surgical treatment of @entity354 and @entity357 in @entity4806 @entity1 .

title: [Indications and results of surgical treatment in @entity354 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernia']


abstract: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is a proven prognostic factor of mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . Traditional and nontraditional risk factors are almost equivalent in @entity298 ( @entity298 ), and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 . Moreover, peritoneal @entity413 absorption accelerates the degenerative processes of connective tissues as in @entity6 . In our study, we examined the predictive value of @entity272 for total mortality in the @entity298 population.Data were collected from 198 prevalently adult Caucasian @entity298 @entity1 . One hundred twenty-six @entity1 (mean age 66.2 y, @entity1 [n=73], @entity6 ratio 75/126) had @entity65 ( @entity301 , @entity66 , peripheral @entity455 ). Initially, we evaluated factors affecting @entity272 and @entity65 by multivariate linear regression. Survival rates were estimated by recording clinical and demographic data associated with mortality during a 36-month follow-up using the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyses were further stratified based on the presence or absence of @entity65 and @entity272 levels above or below the upper tercile 3.61 arbitrary units. @entity272 was influenced by @entity65 (P<0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.5) and white blood cell counts (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.031-0.117). According to the Spearman correlation, @entity272 correlated with peritoneal cumulative @entity413 exposure (P=0.02) and elapsed time in @entity298 (P=0.008). @entity65 correlated with age (P<0.001, 95% CI 1.24-1.65) and @entity6 (P<0.001, 95% CI 2.58-10.66). More deaths were observed in the high @entity272 group than in the low @entity272 group (34/68 vs 44/130; P=0.04). Comparing the @entity65 (-) low @entity272 group survival (mean 33.9 mos, @entity2246 [ @entity2246 ] 1.39) to @entity65 (+) low @entity272 (mean 30.5 mos, @entity2246 1.37, P=0.03) and to @entity65 (+) high @entity272 group (mean 27.1 mos, @entity2246 1.83, P=0.001), the difference was significant.In conclusion, among @entity298 @entity1 , @entity272 values over 3.61 arbitrary units seem to be a predictor of mortality. The relationship among peritoneal @entity413 exposure, @entity65 , and @entity6 suggests its suitability to characterize systemic cumulative @entity413 load in this @entity1 population.

title: Skin Autofluorescence and Mortality in XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'anamnestic CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SAF', 'Skin autofluorescence']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most data regarding high blood @entity285 concentrations (BAC) >= 400 mg/dL have been from @entity285 @entity204 . Few studies have described this group and reported their @entity285 consumption patterns or outcomes compared to other @entity130 @entity1 . We hypothesised @entity130 @entity1 with very high BACs arrived to the @entity130 centre with less severe @entity130 than their sober counterparts. METHOD: Historical cohort of 46,222 @entity1 admitted to a major @entity130 centre between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2011. BAC was categorised into ordinal groups by 100 mg/dL intervals. @entity285 questionnaire data on frequency and quantity was captured in the BAC >= 400 mg/dL group. The primary analysis was for BAC >= 400 mg/dL. RESULTS: BAC was recorded in 44,502 (96.3%) @entity1 . Those with a BAC >= 400 mg/dL accounted for 1.1% (147) of BAC positive cases. These @entity1 had the lowest proportion of severe @entity130 and in-hospital death in comparison with the other @entity285 groups (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, the risk for severe injury increased with the BAC groups between 1 and 199 mg/dL and was not different or decreased for groups above 200 mg/dL in reference to the BAC negative group (test for trend p=0.001). BAC >= 400 group encountered more @entity130 caused by @entity130 in comparison with the other @entity285 groups (p<0.001), and the group comprised mainly of falls. Admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale was a poor predictor for @entity131 in the high BAC group. Readmission occurred in 22.4% (33) of @entity1 the BAC >= 400 group. The majority of these @entity1 reported drinking @entity285 4 or more days per week (81, 67.5%) and five or more drinks per day (79, 65.8%), evident of risky @entity285 use. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity130 admitted with BAC >= 400 mg/dL survived and their @entity130 were less severe than their less intoxicated and sober counterparts. They also had evidence for risky @entity285 use and nearly one-quarter returned to the @entity130 centre with another injury over the study period. Recognition of this highest BAC group presents an opportunity to provide focused care for their risky @entity285 use.

title: Injured @entity1 with very high blood XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'injuries', 'traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most data regarding high blood @entity285 concentrations (BAC) >= 400 mg/dL have been from @entity285 @entity204 . Few studies have described this group and reported their @entity285 consumption patterns or outcomes compared to other @entity130 @entity1 . We hypothesised @entity130 @entity1 with very high BACs arrived to the @entity130 centre with less severe @entity130 than their sober counterparts. METHOD: Historical cohort of 46,222 @entity1 admitted to a major @entity130 centre between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2011. BAC was categorised into ordinal groups by 100 mg/dL intervals. @entity285 questionnaire data on frequency and quantity was captured in the BAC >= 400 mg/dL group. The primary analysis was for BAC >= 400 mg/dL. RESULTS: BAC was recorded in 44,502 (96.3%) @entity1 . Those with a BAC >= 400 mg/dL accounted for 1.1% (147) of BAC positive cases. These @entity1 had the lowest proportion of severe @entity130 and in-hospital death in comparison with the other @entity285 groups (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, the risk for severe injury increased with the BAC groups between 1 and 199 mg/dL and was not different or decreased for groups above 200 mg/dL in reference to the BAC negative group (test for trend p=0.001). BAC >= 400 group encountered more @entity130 caused by @entity130 in comparison with the other @entity285 groups (p<0.001), and the group comprised mainly of falls. Admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale was a poor predictor for @entity131 in the high BAC group. Readmission occurred in 22.4% (33) of @entity1 the BAC >= 400 group. The majority of these @entity1 reported drinking @entity285 4 or more days per week (81, 67.5%) and five or more drinks per day (79, 65.8%), evident of risky @entity285 use. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity130 admitted with BAC >= 400 mg/dL survived and their @entity130 were less severe than their less intoxicated and sober counterparts. They also had evidence for risky @entity285 use and nearly one-quarter returned to the @entity130 centre with another injury over the study period. Recognition of this highest BAC group presents an opportunity to provide focused care for their risky @entity285 use.

title: Injured XXXX with very high blood @entity285 concentrations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk (LTR) articulates the probability of disease in the residual lifetime for an index age. These estimates can be useful for general audience-targeted knowledge translation activities against @entity101 . There are only a few reports on lifetime of impact of @entity101 on @entity64 events in Asians in whom @entity64 incidence is higher than Westerners. METHODS: The Suita Study, a cohort study of @entity65 in Japan, was established in 1989. We included all @entity1 who were @entity64 free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated with @entity1 -year method within 10-year bands. We estimated the sex and index-age specific LTR of first-ever @entity64 with taking the competing risk of @entity204 into account. RESULTS: We followed 5783 @entity1 and @entity1 during 1989-2007 for 74933 @entity1 -years. During the follow-up period, 276 (149 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 ) @entity1 had incident @entity64 . Of them, majority were @entity385 ; 166 (102 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 ). The LTR of @entity64 , accounted for competing risk of @entity204 , at 45 years of age for @entity1 without @entity101 was 17.21% and it was 32.79% for @entity101 @entity1 . Among the @entity101 @entity1 , @entity1 with stage 2 or greater @entity101 had higher LTR of @entity64 than the @entity1 with stage 1 @entity101 . This increased LTR of @entity64 for @entity101 @entity1 were also observed among @entity1 and across all index ages for @entity64 . CONCLUSION: In this urban community-based population, we observed that @entity101 has significant effect on the residual LTR of @entity64 among both @entity1 and @entity1 of middle age, specifically for @entity385 .

title: @entity101 and lifetime risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk (LTR) articulates the probability of disease in the residual lifetime for an index age. These estimates can be useful for general audience-targeted knowledge translation activities against @entity101 . There are only a few reports on lifetime of impact of @entity101 on @entity64 events in Asians in whom @entity64 incidence is higher than Westerners. METHODS: The Suita Study, a cohort study of @entity65 in Japan, was established in 1989. We included all @entity1 who were @entity64 free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated with @entity1 -year method within 10-year bands. We estimated the sex and index-age specific LTR of first-ever @entity64 with taking the competing risk of @entity204 into account. RESULTS: We followed 5783 @entity1 and @entity1 during 1989-2007 for 74933 @entity1 -years. During the follow-up period, 276 (149 @entity1 and 127 @entity1 ) @entity1 had incident @entity64 . Of them, majority were @entity385 ; 166 (102 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 ). The LTR of @entity64 , accounted for competing risk of @entity204 , at 45 years of age for @entity1 without @entity101 was 17.21% and it was 32.79% for @entity101 @entity1 . Among the @entity101 @entity1 , @entity1 with stage 2 or greater @entity101 had higher LTR of @entity64 than the @entity1 with stage 1 @entity101 . This increased LTR of @entity64 for @entity101 @entity1 were also observed among @entity1 and across all index ages for @entity64 . CONCLUSION: In this urban community-based population, we observed that @entity101 has significant effect on the residual LTR of @entity64 among both @entity1 and @entity1 of middle age, specifically for @entity385 .

title: XXXX and lifetime risk of @entity64 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3886 (TGA) is a congenital @entity299 successfully corrected through arterial switch operation (ASO). Although this technique had significant impact in improving survival, little is known about the functional capacity of the operated @entity1 long-term after surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the functional capacity of @entity1 with TGA long-term after ASO with that of healthy @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity1 : All @entity1 that performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) were included in the study. As a control group, healthy @entity1 in evaluation for physical activity that performed CPET during the same period were also enrolled. RESULTS: Thirty-one TGA @entity1 (19 male) were compared with 29 age-matched controls (21 male). Maximum @entity26 consumption was higher in the control group (45.47        8.05 vs. 40.52        7.19, P   =   .017), although within normal limits in both groups (above 90% of predicted value). The heart rate behavior during exercise was different in both groups, with a mean chronotropic index significantly lower in the TGA group (63%        14 vs. 81%        12, P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that exercise capacity long-term after ASO in TGA is well preserved although lower than in healthy @entity1 what might be explained by the presence of chronotropic incompetence in the TGA group.

title: Exercise Capacity Long-Term after Arterial Switch Operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defect']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['Transposition of the Great Arteries']


abstract: Cytogenetic studies were performed on a new series of 23 @entity1 with therapy-related @entity981 , preleukaemia or an @entity697 . In our total series of now 61 cases studied by chromosome banding techniques, at least one of the abnormalities -7, 5q-, 7q- or -5 or some related unbalanced translocations, primarily -7, +t(1q7p), was observed in 40 @entity1 . The critical region for the deletions of chromosome no. 5 comprises bands 5q22 to 5q33 and of chromosome no. 7 bands distal to 7q22. The third most frequently involved chromosome was no. 21, rearranged at band 21q22 in the three @entity1 with 21q+ and in one @entity1 with 21q-. An i(21q) was observed in two @entity1 , a -21 in four @entity1 and a -22, +t(21q22q) and a -5, -21, +t(5p21q) in one @entity1 each. Other @entity854 included @entity393 or rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome no. 17, observed in nine @entity1 . One @entity1 had a -12, three others had rearrangements resulting in a partial or @entity393 of the short arm of chromosome no. 12. A 19q+ with translocation to band 19q13 was observed in three cases, a -18 in three cases and a 3p- in four cases. Thirty-one @entity1 with multiple chromosome aberrations experienced a significantly shorter survival as compared to 13 @entity1 with a normal karyotype (P = 0.02) and 17 @entity1 with one single chromosome aberration (P less than 0.01).

title: Cytogenetic characteristics of therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia, preleukaemia and XXXX : correlation with clinical data for 61 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloproliferative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['total loss']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute myeloproliferative syndrome']


abstract: The mortality experience of 1074 white @entity1 who retired from a United States @entity1355 company during the period 1941-67 and who were exposed to @entity1355 working as production and maintenance employees for the company is reported to the end of 1980 when 88% of this cohort was known to be dead. As noted in earlier reports the mortality for respiratory and @entity1820 was raised. A more detailed examination of causes of @entity204 shows that the excess in @entity1820 was largely due to a statistically significant excess in @entity5 . A statistically significant excess was also noted for @entity703 , @entity2093 , and non-malignant @entity1576 . Eight deaths from malignant @entity2615 were observed, two of which were peritoneal. Asbestos exposures for these @entity2615 cases were low relative to other members of the cohort. Continuing follow up of this cohort shows a dose response relation for @entity5 that has become increasingly linear. Standardised mortality ratios peaked 10 to 15 years after retirement and were relatively constant at around 250 in each five year interval starting in 1950. This excess might have been detected as early as 1960 but certainly by 1965. The mortality experience of this cohort reflects the ultimate effects of @entity1355 since nearly all of the cohort has now died.

title: Asbestos and @entity5 : a cohort followed up to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the eye']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The mortality experience of 1074 white @entity1 who retired from a United States @entity1355 company during the period 1941-67 and who were exposed to @entity1355 working as production and maintenance employees for the company is reported to the end of 1980 when 88% of this cohort was known to be dead. As noted in earlier reports the mortality for respiratory and @entity1820 was raised. A more detailed examination of causes of @entity204 shows that the excess in @entity1820 was largely due to a statistically significant excess in @entity5 . A statistically significant excess was also noted for @entity703 , @entity2093 , and non-malignant @entity1576 . Eight deaths from malignant @entity2615 were observed, two of which were peritoneal. Asbestos exposures for these @entity2615 cases were low relative to other members of the cohort. Continuing follow up of this cohort shows a dose response relation for @entity5 that has become increasingly linear. Standardised mortality ratios peaked 10 to 15 years after retirement and were relatively constant at around 250 in each five year interval starting in 1950. This excess might have been detected as early as 1960 but certainly by 1965. The mortality experience of this cohort reflects the ultimate effects of @entity1355 since nearly all of the cohort has now died.

title: Asbestos and XXXX : a cohort followed up to @entity204 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN.: Retrospective propensity score multivariate analysis of the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) between 2008-2011. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the relationship between insurance status and rates of surgery for acute @entity174 with and without @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: The decision for surgery in @entity1 with @entity174 is often based on @entity174 pattern and stability, associated @entity1566 , and the presence of ligamentous and other associated injuries. It is poorly understood how non-clinical factors, such as insurance status, influence the decision for surgical intervention in @entity1 sustaining spinal @entity130 . METHODS.: Using NTDB admission years 2008-2011, we included @entity1 18-64 years old who sustained a @entity174 of the cervical or thoracolumbar spine. @entity1 were excluded if they sustained polytrauma (Injury Severity Score >= 27) or a @entity130 (Abbreviated Injury Scale severity >= 3) to the head, thorax, or abdomen. Our main outcome measure was surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for @entity3510 ; our main predictor was insurance status. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis and propensity scores were used to determine the relationship between insurance status and surgical treatment, controlling for other factors. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for rates of surgery. RESULTS.: Our propensity score multivariate analysis demonstrated significantly higher rates of surgery in @entity1 with @entity1566 (OR=11.76, P<0.001), insurance (OR=1.27, P<0.001), white (OR=1.21, P=0.018) versus black race, blunt @entity130 (OR=5.63, P<0.001), shock (OR=1.62, P<0.001), higher Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score (OR=1.02, P=0.002), transfer from lower acuity hospital (OR=1.51, P<0.001) and treatment at teaching hospitals (OR=1.49, P<0.001). Multivariable subgroup analysis of @entity1566 @entity1 similarly revealed higher surgical rates for insured @entity1 (OR=1.46, P<0.001) compared to those without insurance. CONCLUSIONS.: @entity1 with traumatic spine fractures were more likely to receive surgery if they were insured, regardless of the presence of @entity1566 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Influence of Insurance Status on the Surgical Treatment of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'major injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Spinal Fractures']