abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical cadaveric study of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with simulated @entity3 quantifying intravertebral pressures during transpedicular vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To compare intravertebral pressures during percutaneous vertebroplasty in vertebrae with and without simulated lytic @entity3 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is designed to provide stability to vertebrae weakened by @entity170 or @entity3 . The complication rate is higher when the procedure is used for the treatment of @entity75 . The major complications reported are @entity614 , @entity1745 , and @entity887 . METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric vertebrae were tested intact (7 lumbar, 3 thoracic) and 7 were tested with simulated @entity154 (4 lumbar, 3 thoracic). Defects were created by replacing a core of cancellous bone with soft @entity5 tissue in the center of the vertebral body. Simplex P (Howmedica Osteonics, Mahwah, NJ) cement was injected into each vertebra through a unipedicular approach at a constant rate of 3 mL per minute. Cement volume, injection force, and intravertebral pressures at the posterior vertebral body wall were recorded. Following the procedure, the vertebrae were sectioned to visualize cement and @entity5 disbursement. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups for age, size, trabecular density, and cement volume. Vertebrae with simulated @entity3 generated an average maximum pressure of 39.66 kPa during cement injection versus 6.83 kPa in intact vertebrae (P < 0.05). Higher pressures were also generated in smaller vertebrae based on a power relationship (r2 = 0.71 intact, r2 = 0.43 @entity5 ). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty produces higher intravertebral pressures in vertebrae containing a simulated lytic metastasis than in intact vertebrae. Pressures generated in the @entity5 specimens are sufficiently elevated to cause @entity887 .

title: A biomechanical analysis of intravertebral pressures during vertebroplasty of cadaveric spines with and without simulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['lytic defects']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic vertebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: AIM: Myocardial revascularisation being frequently performed during acute @entity741 , in a hostile hemodynamic environment, we evaluated left ventriculo-arterial (VA) coupling, left ventricular (LV) mechanical efficiency, and the mechanical properties of the systemic vasculature during acute @entity741 . METHODS: In 6 @entity1707 , vascular properties [characteristic impedance (R(1)), peripheral resistance (R(2)), compliance (C), inductance (L), arterial elastance (E(a))] were estimated with a windkessel model. LV function was assessed by the slope (E(es)) of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), and @entity64 work (SW) - end-diastolic volume (EDV) relation. Pressure-volume area ( @entity939 ) was referred to as myocardial @entity26 consumption. VA coupling was defined as E(es)/E(a), and mechanical efficiency as SW/ @entity939 . After baseline recordings, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated and hemodynamic measures obtained every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Data are expressed as mean (SEM). RESULTS: @entity1563 induced an ESPVR rightward shift, and decreased E(es) from 3.67 (0.33) to 1.92 (0.20) mmHg/ml and the slope of the SW - EDV relationship from 72.3 (3.4) to 40.4 (4.5) mmHg (p<0.001), while E(a) increased from 3.33 (0.56) to 4.65 (0.29) mmHg/ml (p<0.005). This was responsible for a dramatic alteration of VA coupling from 1.22 (0.11) to 0.44 (0.07), (p<0.001). While R2 increased from 1.72 (0.30) to 2.38 (0.16) mmHg x s x ml(-1) (p<0.05) and C decreased from 0.78 (0.16) to 0.46 (0.08) ml/mmHg (p<0.05), R(1) and L were unchanged. @entity1563 decreased SW from 4056 (223) to 2580 (122) mmHg.ml (p<0.001), while @entity939 and SW/ @entity939 decreased from 5575 (514) to 4813 (317) mmHg x ml (NS), and from 0.76 (0.04) to 0.57 (0.03) (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity741 severely altered left ventriculo-arterial coupling and LV mechanical efficiency. Impaired left VA coupling was due to a combination of augmented arterial elastance, secondary to early vasoconstriction later associated with decreased arterial compliance, and decreased LV contractility.

title: Alteration of left ventriculo-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency during acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Not all adult @entity3233 @entity1 are candidates for surgical correction. In @entity1 assessment and selection, major issues remain regarding diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether adding a transverse parameter to a discriminant analysis could improve the classification of adults with @entity3233 into 2 groups of @entity1 : those who can effectively be treated by orthodontic therapy and those who require orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Cephalograms, plaster casts, and extraoral photos of 69 adults with @entity3233 were analyzed. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify the variables that best separate the 2 groups. RESULTS: Stepwise variable selection resulted in a new, highly significant (P <0.0001) model of 4 variables that provided the best discriminant function to distinguish between @entity1 with and without indications for surgical correction. The resulting equation was the following: score = -10.988 + 0.243 * Wits + 0.055 * M/M ratio + 0.068 * NSAr - 0.589 * mand @entity8431 . The percentage of @entity1 correctly classified by this equation was 91.3%. The sensitivity was 0.92, and the specificity was 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: In the discriminant analysis, the mandibular midline deviation as a transverse component was included. The addition of the transverse variable led to an improved model concerning the predictive value in @entity3233 @entity1 with surgical requirements.

title: New model for surgical and nonsurgical therapy in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['Class III malocclusion']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['Class III malocclusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the underlying genetic defect in otherwise healthy Saudi newborns with @entity26681 , including those with @entity1539 . METHODS: Prospective case series of affected Saudi Arabian probands who were referred for genetic counseling over a 4 year period. All had @entity4188 sequencing. Selected @entity1 with visible @entity1539 had @entity6484 , @entity17967 , and @entity20195 sequencing. @entity4188 -negative @entity1 had @entity29713 sequencing. RESULTS: All 67 probands had corneal enlargement with variable haze/scarring evident to caregivers at birth; 46 had a family history of infantile or early @entity726 . All families were consanguineous except for 6, 2 of which were endogamous. Eight probands had mild ectropion uveae with partial @entity6716 ; 2 probands had thick scarred corneas that precluded careful iris examination. Homozygous or compound heterozygous @entity4188 mutations were identified in 91% (61/67), including all 8 probands with ectopion uveae and partial @entity6716 . The common Saudi mutation @entity16183 occurred in most cases (38 homozygous, 8 compound heterozygous). Four novel mutations were identified ( @entity72866 , @entity72867 , @entity72868 , @entity72869 ). No mutations were identified in the other screened genes. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn @entity726 on the Arabian Peninsula is typically @entity4188 -related even in the setting of @entity1539 . Mild iris ectropion with partial @entity6716 in a newborn with @entity726 suggests mutations in @entity4188 rather than in other genes associated with @entity1347 . On the Arabian Peninsula @entity16183 mutations are the major cause of @entity726 but novel @entity4188 mutations continue to be documented. The fact that the 9% of cases that were @entity4188 -negative did not have mutations in @entity29713 suggests that there exists at least 1 additional locus for this condition.

title: Molecular characterization of XXXX including a distinct aniridic phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16183 :: ('p|SUB|G|61|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.G61E']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['developmental iris abnormality', 'iris abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['childhood glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'newborn glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity26681 :: ('MESH:D006871', 'Disease') :: ['buphthalmos']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['newborn glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine period-, age- and histology-specific trends in the incidence rate of @entity43 in Denmark in 1978-2006. DESIGN: Register-based cohort study. SETTING: Denmark 1978-2006. POPULATION: 5079 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 in at least one of two nationwide registries (4312 @entity5 and 767 non-epithelial/unspecified @entity5 ). METHODS: Estimation of overall incidence rates and period-, age- and histology-specific incidence rates. Age-adjustment was done using the World Standard POPULATION. To evaluate incidence trends over time, we estimated average annual percentage change and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using log-linear Poisson models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates and average annual percentage change. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity43 increased from 2.6 to 5.5 per 100,000 @entity1 -years between 1978 and 2006, with an average annual percentage change of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2-3.0). The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. @entity1 40 years or older had a higher average annual percentage change than @entity1 younger than 40 years. @entity5 were mucinous (49.9%) and @entity5 (44.4%). @entity1 with @entity5 were younger at diagnosis (50 years) compared with @entity1 with @entity5 (53 years). @entity1 with @entity5 had a higher average annual percentage incidence change than @entity1 with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity43 increased significantly in Denmark in 1978-2006. In line with results for @entity43 , Denmark had a higher incidence rate of @entity43 compared with the other Nordic countries in 1978-2006.

title: Trends in incidence of XXXX in Denmark 1978-2006.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['borderline ovarian tumors', 'a borderline ovarian tumor', 'epithelial borderline ovarian tumors', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'Most tumors', 'epithelial tumors', 'serous tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['borderline ovarian tumors']


abstract: The association between air travel and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is recognized, but the absolute risk has not been quantified. Due to its geographical isolation, more than 50% of international travelers arrive at Sydney airport after a flight of'at least 9 hours. @entity1 who become acutely unwell upon disembarkation are taken to one of two hospitals. In this study we reviewed the presentations at these two hospitals. A retrospective analysis of all @entity1 presenting to the emergency departments (ED) directly from Sydney International Airport with symptomatic @entity1151 over a three-year period was undertaken. Over 36 months, 17 @entity1 were admitted from Sydney International Airport to the ED with acute @entity1151 . All @entity1 had flown for at least 9 hours. Seven @entity1 had risk factors for @entity66 . During the period of our review 6.58 million passengers arrived in Sydney on flights of at least 9 hours in duration, representing an incidence of 2.57 per million. In conclusion, the incidence of acutely symptomatic @entity1151 in association with long distance air travel is low and the majority of @entity1 survive following hospital presentation.

title: Acute symptomatic XXXX associated with long haul air travel to Sydney.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['thromboambolic disease']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: This longitudinal study examined characteristics of a discrete mood episode that predict re-hospitalization for @entity162 , highlighting associated @entity73 as a potential mechanism linking episode severity and relapse. Eighty-two inpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for @entity162 completed the study. Twenty-two of the @entity1 were readmitted to the hospital within 3 months of discharge. The study compared these @entity1 to the remaining 60 @entity1 who were not readmitted to the hospital during this period. @entity1 were compared on several factors related to the severity of the mood episode and the course of @entity221 more generally. Analysis also compared the groups on measures of mood and neuro-cognitive functioning, assessed 24-48  h before initial hospitalization discharge. Re-hospitalized @entity1 had longer initial hospital stays (t  =  -3.10, p  <  0.01), higher rates of @entity716 while in the hospital (Chi square  =  5.1, p  <  0.02), and lower @entity10686 scores on discharge (t  =  2.37, p  <  0.05). The groups did not differ in age of @entity221 onset or number of previous @entity146 hospitalizations. With respect to neuro-cognitive functioning, analysis indicated poorer performance for re-hospitalized @entity1 on measures of executive functioning (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  9.0, p  <  0.001), IQ (Wilks' Lambda, F (2, 76)  =  5.06, p  <  0.01), and memory (Wilks' Lambda, F (6,72)  =  4.19, p  <  0.001). Trends in the expected direction emerged for attention/working memory tests (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  1.79, p  <  0.10). Results highlight features of a discrete mood episode associated with increased rates of re-hospitalization. This study observed connections among episode severity, @entity73 at hospital discharge and re-hospitalization.

title: The characteristics of a discrete mood episode, @entity73 and  re-hospitalization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: This longitudinal study examined characteristics of a discrete mood episode that predict re-hospitalization for @entity162 , highlighting associated @entity73 as a potential mechanism linking episode severity and relapse. Eighty-two inpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for @entity162 completed the study. Twenty-two of the @entity1 were readmitted to the hospital within 3 months of discharge. The study compared these @entity1 to the remaining 60 @entity1 who were not readmitted to the hospital during this period. @entity1 were compared on several factors related to the severity of the mood episode and the course of @entity221 more generally. Analysis also compared the groups on measures of mood and neuro-cognitive functioning, assessed 24-48  h before initial hospitalization discharge. Re-hospitalized @entity1 had longer initial hospital stays (t  =  -3.10, p  <  0.01), higher rates of @entity716 while in the hospital (Chi square  =  5.1, p  <  0.02), and lower @entity10686 scores on discharge (t  =  2.37, p  <  0.05). The groups did not differ in age of @entity221 onset or number of previous @entity146 hospitalizations. With respect to neuro-cognitive functioning, analysis indicated poorer performance for re-hospitalized @entity1 on measures of executive functioning (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  9.0, p  <  0.001), IQ (Wilks' Lambda, F (2, 76)  =  5.06, p  <  0.01), and memory (Wilks' Lambda, F (6,72)  =  4.19, p  <  0.001). Trends in the expected direction emerged for attention/working memory tests (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  1.79, p  <  0.10). Results highlight features of a discrete mood episode associated with increased rates of re-hospitalization. This study observed connections among episode severity, @entity73 at hospital discharge and re-hospitalization.

title: The characteristics of a discrete mood episode, XXXX and  re-hospitalization in @entity162 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['neuro-cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics of solid @entity5 (SPTs) of the pancreas, including the risk factors for disease recurrence and their effects on survival. METHODS: The medical records of 114 @entity1 who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPT between January 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 114 @entity1 , 98 (86.9%) were female, and the median age was 36 years (range, 11-75). All 114 @entity1 underwent curative intent surgery and 13 (11.4%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Of the 114 @entity1 , 26 (22.8%) had @entity189 ( @entity189 ). There were no differences in any clinical factors between the benign SPT and @entity189 groups; however, the only 4 recurrences identified were in the @entity189 group. After follow-up ranging from 11 to 177 months, all 114 @entity1 were alive, with only 4 showing evidence of recurrence. Recurrence was observed in young @entity1 with @entity3 at first operation, invasion of an adjacent organ, and a large mass (>= 13 cm). CONCLUSION: Adequate operative resection including laparoscopic surgery is the mainstay of treatment for SPT. Although statistically significant risk factors for recurrence cannot be determined, @entity5 @entity3 at the first operation, invasion of adjacent organ, large @entity5 size, young @entity1 age, @entity5 rupture, and inadequate resection may increase the risk of recurrence. Our results demonstrate that long-term survival could be achieved by aggressive operative resection and interventional treatment of recurrent disease.

title: Solid XXXX : can @entity5 be predicted?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['solid pseudopapillary carcinoma', 'SPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics of solid @entity5 (SPTs) of the pancreas, including the risk factors for disease recurrence and their effects on survival. METHODS: The medical records of 114 @entity1 who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPT between January 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 114 @entity1 , 98 (86.9%) were female, and the median age was 36 years (range, 11-75). All 114 @entity1 underwent curative intent surgery and 13 (11.4%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Of the 114 @entity1 , 26 (22.8%) had @entity189 ( @entity189 ). There were no differences in any clinical factors between the benign SPT and @entity189 groups; however, the only 4 recurrences identified were in the @entity189 group. After follow-up ranging from 11 to 177 months, all 114 @entity1 were alive, with only 4 showing evidence of recurrence. Recurrence was observed in young @entity1 with @entity3 at first operation, invasion of an adjacent organ, and a large mass (>= 13 cm). CONCLUSION: Adequate operative resection including laparoscopic surgery is the mainstay of treatment for SPT. Although statistically significant risk factors for recurrence cannot be determined, @entity5 @entity3 at the first operation, invasion of adjacent organ, large @entity5 size, young @entity1 age, @entity5 rupture, and inadequate resection may increase the risk of recurrence. Our results demonstrate that long-term survival could be achieved by aggressive operative resection and interventional treatment of recurrent disease.

title: Solid @entity5 : can XXXX be predicted?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The @entity23819 intermedius Group includes @entity2868 , @entity23819 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2868 (n=15), @entity23819 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 was higher for @entity2868 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity23819 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2868 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity23819 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2868 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity23819 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity23819 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2868 . MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2868 Group.

title: Identification of @entity23819 intermedius Group by MALDI- XXXX @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['TOF']


abstract: The @entity23819 intermedius Group includes @entity2868 , @entity23819 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2868 (n=15), @entity23819 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 was higher for @entity2868 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity23819 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2868 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity23819 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2868 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity23819 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity23819 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2868 . MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2868 Group.

title: Identification of XXXX intermedius Group by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 .

answer: @entity23819 :: (283734,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus']


abstract: The @entity23819 intermedius Group includes @entity2868 , @entity23819 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2868 (n=15), @entity23819 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 was higher for @entity2868 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity23819 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2868 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity23819 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2868 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity23819 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity23819 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2868 . MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2868 Group.

title: Identification of @entity23819 intermedius Group by MALDI- @entity215 XXXX .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone regeneration stimulated by two different shapes of interconnected porous @entity692 (IP- @entity23012 ) granules was evaluated in the mandibles of 3 @entity235 . METHODS: Deferent shapes of IP- @entity23012 were used, spherical (spherical shaped IP- @entity23012 granules) and irregular shapes (irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 granules). Two bone sockets (3mm in diameter and 5mm in depth) were prepared in the right edentulous mandible of each animal where right premolars had been extracted and sites healed for 3 months. The two types of IP- @entity23012 were filled into the sockets to stimulate bone regeneration. New bone formation was evaluated histologically at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after filling. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, little bone formation was apparent in any of the bony sockets. At 8 weeks, newly formed bone was detected between the granules but not in the pores. In contrast, at 12 weeks, bone formation was clearly observed not only between the granules but also inside the granule pores. Comparing the two sites at 8 and 12 weeks, more bone formation was detected in sites receiving irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 than in sites receiving spherical IP- @entity23012 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that use of irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 may enhance bone regeneration. The results of this preliminary study suggest that irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 granules may have more possible usefulness than spherically shaped granules as a scaffold for bone regeneration.

title: Comparative evaluation of bone regeneration using spherical and irregularly shaped granules of interconnected porous XXXX . A @entity235 study.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxylapatite']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone regeneration stimulated by two different shapes of interconnected porous @entity692 (IP- @entity23012 ) granules was evaluated in the mandibles of 3 @entity235 . METHODS: Deferent shapes of IP- @entity23012 were used, spherical (spherical shaped IP- @entity23012 granules) and irregular shapes (irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 granules). Two bone sockets (3mm in diameter and 5mm in depth) were prepared in the right edentulous mandible of each animal where right premolars had been extracted and sites healed for 3 months. The two types of IP- @entity23012 were filled into the sockets to stimulate bone regeneration. New bone formation was evaluated histologically at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after filling. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, little bone formation was apparent in any of the bony sockets. At 8 weeks, newly formed bone was detected between the granules but not in the pores. In contrast, at 12 weeks, bone formation was clearly observed not only between the granules but also inside the granule pores. Comparing the two sites at 8 and 12 weeks, more bone formation was detected in sites receiving irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 than in sites receiving spherical IP- @entity23012 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that use of irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 may enhance bone regeneration. The results of this preliminary study suggest that irregularly shaped IP- @entity23012 granules may have more possible usefulness than spherically shaped granules as a scaffold for bone regeneration.

title: Comparative evaluation of bone regeneration using spherical and irregularly shaped granules of interconnected porous @entity692 . A XXXX study.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dog']


abstract: The authors report a series of 34 @entity1653 of the sphenoid ridge. Eight @entity5 were totally removed uneventfully: two from the middle sphenoid ridge and six from the pterion or Sylvian point. @entity5 were not operated on because of their extensions or the @entity1 's age. Twenty-one @entity5 raised serious surgical problems, resulting in a classification into three groups: deep or clinoidal, invading beyond the sphenoid wings, and a combination of both. Histological study of the @entity17505 bone showed @entity1358 in the bone in 12 of 13 cases so examined. Surgical limitations included invasion of the cavernous sinus (15 cases), of the dura mater of the sella turcica (seven cases), of the lateral part of the sphenoid body at the insertion point of the ala magna (seven cases), and of the common tendinous annulus of Zinn in the orbit (five cases), and basilar extracranial extension, particularly in the pterygomaxillary fossa (three cases). Following extensive removal, there were no early recurrences and three late recurrences (9 years and more). In 13 cases with a follow-up period of 1 to 8 years, there were no clinical recurrences. In only two cases was the @entity1653 totally removed. There were three postoperative deaths, two cases of @entity1269 with @entity2026 and @entity302 , one case with a @entity75 , and nine with slight oculomotor, visual, or esthetic sequelae.

title: Invading XXXX of the sphenoid ridge.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Five tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomatous cells']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity17505 :: ('MESH:C537115', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: Spontaneous respiratory neuronal activities within cervical spinal cord were investigated in two groups of 36 adult @entity468 : cervical spinalized and non-spinalized preparations. In the first group of 18 animals, spontaneous @entity1353 was abolished after total spinal transection at C1. However, spontaneous rhythmic @entity1353 reappeared within 2 h after transection in 13 animals. In the other 6 animals spinalized at C3 level, we could not induce spontaneous @entity1353 . The spinal @entity1576 were found to be mainly due to rhythmic diaphragmatic contraction. Such spinal respiratory activity continued for 30 min-1 h with a steady rate of 19-24/min and then they steadily deteriorated. Spinal respiratory activity developed usually without hindlimb muscle activity and even when hindlimb stepping rhythm was seen simultaneously, it was not locked to respiratory rhythmicity. During spinal respiration, phrenic motoneuron discharges were recorded from the C5-C6 ventral horn. The burst discharges containing 4.8-40.0 spikes were all in synchrony with the inspiratory phase of respiratory cycles. Even after @entity1353 movements were temporarily paralyzed by @entity9563 , the rhythmic bursts still persisted for an appreciable time. In the second group of 12 lightly anesthetized @entity468 , microelectrode explorations of the upper cervical cord were made in an attempt to record neuronal activities associated with @entity1576 . A total of 24 burst discharges of @entity164 which represent presumed cell body activities was recorded. The recording sites were histologically located in the intermediate zone of the spinal gray matter of C1-C2 cervical cord. These results suggested the possible existence of some intrinsic respiratory rhythm generators within the cervical cord. Possible neuronal mechanisms for generation of spontaneous respiratory rhythm were discussed.

title: Generation of spontaneous respiratory rhythm in high spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory type units']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory movements']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3029 is a rare injury, with the medial type occurring in the majority of cases. The period of postreduction immobilization is a matter of controversy. Most studies set the period of immobilization between 4 and 8 weeks. The hypothesis in this study is that a period of 2-3 weeks of immobilization in a cast, followed by early mobilization, could provide better functional results than longer periods of immobilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a period of 4 years, eight @entity1 (six @entity1 , two @entity1 ) with mean age of 37.2 years and uncomplicated @entity3029 were treated in our institution. Immediate reduction under sedation and cast immobilization was provided in all cases. Our rehabilitation protocol consisted of two completed weeks of immobilization and thereafter ankle range-of-motion exercises and partial weight-bearing mobilization. @entity1 were followed up for a mean period of 3 years. Clinical results were evaluated using the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved almost normal ankle range of motion and good clinical outcome (mean AOFAS score 92.25). No radiographic evidence of @entity625 or @entity2530 of the talus was detected. Two @entity1 complained of mild @entity158 of the hindfoot. All @entity1 returned to daily routine activities in about 2 months from injury. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate reduction and early mobilization could be key factors for uneventful recovery of uncomplicated @entity3029 . Multicenter clinical trials are needed for further validation of our initial results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, prospective clinical series study.

title: Early mobilization after uncomplicated XXXX provides successful functional results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['medial subtalar dislocation', 'Subtalar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['medial subtalar dislocation']


abstract: In a Phase II study, @entity1 with measurable metastatic or recurrent @entity418 randomly received after @entity632 (ADR), 60 mg/M2 I.V. q three weeks, or @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), 40 mg/M2 I.V. q one week, or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), 500 mg/m2 I.V. x 5 days q five weeks. Objective partial response rates for 72 @entity1 were 5% for ADR (one of 20), 12% for @entity1500 (three of 26), and 15% for @entity1487 (four of 26). There were no complete responses. Median duration of response was 13 weeks. Median survival was 14 weeks (eight weeks for ADR, 14 weeks for @entity1500 , and 15 weeks for @entity1487 ). Factors of liver @entity3 , adjacent anatomic involvement, time from initial diagnosis to study entry, and prior radiation were found to be significant determinants of survival. @entity632 did not appear to benefit @entity1 with advanced measurable squamous cell @entity189 . @entity1499 and @entity1487 showed comparable activity and survival, although @entity1499 was slightly more toxic.

title: Chemotherapy of advanced XXXX : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: Between 1964 and 1977, 94 @entity1 with @entity2828 of bone were treated at the National @entity5 Institute. They received 5000 rad to the whole bone and progressively more aggressive chemotherapy protocols. The @entity1 were divided according to site of @entity75 into central, proximal and distal lesions, with 19%, 33% and 57%, respectively, alive and well. Of 28 @entity1 autopsied, 11 (39%) had had a pathologic documentation of local recurrence. An additional three @entity1 had a biopsy-proven local recurrence, for a total pathologically proven rate of 14/94 (15%). A total of 16/94 (17%) @entity1 had clinical evidence of local recurrence. The overall local recurrence rate (clinical plus pathologic) was 22/94 (23%). This rate varied according to the site of the primary and was 14/42 (33%) for central, 6/24 (25%) for proximal, and 2/28 (7%) for distal lesions. The local recurrence rate did not change significantly either with the more aggressive chemotherapy regimens or with the presence of @entity3 at presentation. The local control rate is high (93%), with good functional results in the distal lesions, and no changes are needed in radiation therapy dose or volume. Control is not as satisfactory for central and proximal lesions and efforts need to be made to increase control at these sites. We are at present attempting to define more accurately the extent of soft tissue disease, increasing the dose to 6000 rad for central lesions, and using a more aggressive chemotherapy program, in the hope of increasing the local control in these more @entity146 .

title: Local control of XXXX of bone with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: Five hundred and eighty-four cases of primary @entity5 and @entity5 -like conditions were examined. Primary @entity2695 of the parotid gland were relatively rare, comprising 29 cases (4.9%) of 584 @entity5 . These could be divided into either @entity2477 or so-called @entity8146 . In our series, the incidence of the latter was 1.5% (nine cases), or 31.0% of the total number of @entity2695 . The so-called benign @entity8146 were found in @entity1 under the age of 12 months, during the infantile period, and occurred predominantly in females and on the right side. Histologically, this @entity5 showed a uniform growth pattern so that each lobular portion exhibited a strikingly identical appearance. The vascular lumina of the @entity5 were lined by flattened endothelial cells that were occasionally mixed with some plump cells showing mild atypism. Electron microscopy revealed that the @entity5 consisted of two distinct components, one being definite endothelial cells lining the vascular channels and the other pericytes located outside of the endothelium embracing the vascular channels. The @entity5 cells can be interchangeable with one another. It seems that this @entity5 is derived from the intralobular vascular system of the parotid gland. This @entity5 is benign in nature and found almost exclusively during the infantile period. Hence, from the clinicopathologic aspect, " @entity11529 " seems to be a more suitably descriptive term than simply " @entity8146 ".

title: Histopathologic studies of XXXX of the parotid gland.

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['benign infantile hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['benign hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parotid gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['benign hemangioendothelioma', 'hemangioendotheliomas']

answer: @entity11529 :: (MESH:D020936,Disease) :: ['benign infantile hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: Expression of @entity4452 , a heterodimeric cytokine involved in the induction of Th17 cells, is increased in @entity1 @entity5 . Although the endogenous @entity4452 expression has been reported to promote @entity5 development and growth, the studies using local and systemic administration of @entity4452 have shown that its application at the excessive amount induces antitumor immune responses. @entity4452 is, today, considered the key driver of intestinal @entity32 and its role in inflammatory responses is tissue-specific. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating levels of @entity4452 in @entity1 with resected @entity14 ( @entity14 ) before and after chemotherapy, respect to healthy controls. Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled between June 2007 and January 2009, and followed through 2010. All @entity1 underwent chemotherapy, mostly FOLFOX4. Twenty-sex and age-matched healthy donors were recruited as controls. @entity4452 serum concentrations, measured by a quantitative enzyme immunoassay technique, were significantly higher in @entity1 with resected @entity14 (26.02        28.63   pg/ml versus 7.1        6.4   pg/ml, P   <   0.001) and after chemotherapy respect to controls (21.74        23.82   pg/ml versus 7.17        6.43   pg/ml, P   <   0.001). An increase was documented also before chemotherapy (26.02        28.63   pg/ml versus 21.74        23.82   pg/ml, P   =   0.7) but not statistically significant. This work investigated, for the first time, the role of @entity4452 in @entity14 resection and chemotherapy, showing no correlation with the severity of disease, @entity5 removal, and chemotherapeutic treatment. However, other works are needed to better clarify if @entity4452 could be considered a key-molecule in @entity1 @entity14 and a target for @entity5 treatment.

title: Role of interleukin-23 circulating levels increase in resected XXXX before and after chemotherapy: preliminary data and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We examined the effects of aortic input impedance alteration on left ventricular pressure, aortic flow and ejected volume (integral value of aortic flow), in an isolated blood perfused ejecting @entity235 heart, with special reference to end-systolic values. A hydraulic model which stimulates an aortic input impedance was attached to the aortic root of an excised heart. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was kept constant by electrical pacing. Three coronary arteries were perfused with arterial blood from support @entity235 . When the peripheral resistance in the hydraulic model was changed, there were inverse linear relationships between @entity64 volume and mean left ventricular systolic pressure and between ejected volume and pressure at end-systole. Time interval from the onset of contraction to end-systole did not change. Thus the relation between @entity64 volume and mean left ventricular pressure obtained by changes in peripheral resistance is governed by a source resistance, which can be considered as the contractile state of the ventricle. When the capacitance (arterial compliance) was changed, there was no inverse linear relation between @entity64 volume and mean systolic pressure. In many cases, there was an inverse linear relationship between ejected volume and pressure at end-systole. However, an increase in capacitance prolonged the time interval from the onset of contraction to end-systole. We conclude that the end-systolic pressure-ejected volume relationship in the ejecting heart is governed not only by contractility but also by arterial capacitance.

title: Effects of changes in the aortic input impedance on systolic pressure-ejected volume relationships in the isolated supported XXXX left ventricle.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Coronary revascularization methods are among the most common major medical procedures performed in industrialized countries. The short- and long-term comparative effectiveness of different techniques remains undetermined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population included all adult @entity1 (94,864 subjects) admitted for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in 2004 in Italy, as recorded in the National Hospital Discharge Records. Invasive reperfusion therapy (coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention), and standard medical treatments were compared. End points were short-term (30-day) in-hospital mortality and any combination of new revascularizations, re- @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity204 (MACCE) occurring within 6 and 12 months from initial treatment. Risk factors and comorbidities were used to define @entity1 ' health status. The Cox model was applied to evaluate risk-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for different approaches. Medical treatment was used as the reference category. Propensity score matching was performed to evaluate selection bias in the allocation to CABG or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Both short-term mortality and 6- and 12-month MACCE risk for invasive reperfusion therapy was significantly lower than the reference (HR: 0.50, P < 0.001; 0.54, P < 0.001; 0.64, P < 0.001, respectively). In the matched population, while short-term mortality was significantly lower for PCI (HR 0.36, P < 0.001), long-term MACCE risk was lower for CABG (6-month HR 2.93, P < 0.001; 12-month HR 3.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of adjustments for @entity1 ' health status, medical treatment resulted in a higher mortality and increased MACCE risk. While PCI gave the best short-term results, after 1 year the risk of re-interventions or further events was significantly lower for @entity1 undergoing CABG.

title: Effectiveness of invasive reperfusion therapy and standard medical treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['AMI']


abstract: During flapping flight, insect wings must withstand not only fluid-dynamic forces, but also inertial-elastic forces generated by the rapid acceleration and deceleration of their own mass. Estimates of overall aerodynamic and inertial forces vary widely, and the relative importance of these forces in determining passive @entity85 remains unknown. If aeroelastic interactions between a wing and the fluid-dynamic forces it generates are minor compared to the effects of wing inertia, models of insect flight that account for passive @entity8364 would be far simpler to develop. We used an experimental approach to examine the contributions of aerodynamic and inertial-elastic forces to wing bending in the hawkmoth @entity4079 . We attached fresh Manduca wings to a motor and flapped them at a realistic wing-beat frequency and @entity64 amplitude. We compared wing bending in normal air versus helium (approx. 15% air density), in which the contribution of fluid-dynamic forces to @entity85 is significantly reduced. This 85% reduction in air density produced only slight changes in the pattern of Manduca @entity85 , suggesting that fluid-dynamic forces have a minimal effect on wing bending. We used a simplified finite element model of a wing to show that the differences observed between wings flapped in air versus helium are most likely due to fluid damping, rather than to aerodynamic forces. This suggests that damped finite element models of insect wings (with no fluid-dynamic forces included) may be able to predict overall patterns of wing deformation prior to calculations of aerodynamic force production, facilitating integrative models of insect flight.

title: Into thin air: Contributions of aerodynamic and inertial-elastic forces to wing bending in the hawkmoth XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['wing deformations']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['wing flexibility']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: The aim of our study was to explore the age related changes of the fibre type composition of the @entity1 psoas major muscle. Moreover, we wanted to compare the fibre type composition of the left and right muscle. Muscle samples were collected from 15 young and 15 old males. Type I, IIA and IIX muscle fibres were typed using myosin heavy chain identification. The serial transverse sections were analysed using a light microscope. Results of our study showed that the age-related @entity194 affected all three fibre types. Type IIA fibres were affected most profoundly while type I fibres were affected most weakly. The percentage of the different fibre types did not change during aging. There were no differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle. @entity1 psoas major muscle undergoes normal aging changes with the @entity194 of all three fibre types, whereas @entity194 most profoundly affects type IIA fibres. No differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle point to the equal engagement of both legs in normal everyday activities of @entity1 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the XXXX psoas major muscle with regards to the body side and aging.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Proton @entity90 ( @entity90 ) is a noninvasive chemical analysis of metabolites in brain tissue. Metabolite ratios are useful because age dependant normal values are known and differ significantly from the values obtained in various diseases of brain tissues. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether @entity90 correlates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), course of disease, pathology of resected @entity5 after preoperative chemotherapy and can be of prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 with histologically proven @entity2946 were studied. All @entity1 underwent @entity90 and MRI at diagnosis and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of VCR,VP, @entity4740 ,CBCA. Preoperative chemotherapy was followed by surgery, radiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. Assessment whether MRI correlates with @entity90 after preoperative chemotherapy was performed. Additionally @entity90 was correlated with the course of disease and pathology results. RESULTS: Out of 8 @entity1 5 had partial remission of their @entity5 on MRI. Two of them had favorable reaction on @entity90 defined as elevation of NAA and Cr decrease in Cho,Lac/ @entity38574 . Both are alive and disease free. In 2 @entity1 no changes, compared with @entity90 at diagnosis were found. Both died of the disease. One had an indistinct positive change and died. Stabilization on MRI was observed in 1 @entity1 , who also had a good reaction on @entity90 . He is alive, disease free. Two @entity1 had disease progression on MRI. Both had poor reaction on @entity90 , one died, one is alive with disease. It was noticed that good response on @entity90 correlated with chemotherapy induced @entity5 changes observed in pathology specimens from resected @entity5 . Small number of @entity1 does not allow to draw conclusions but our results signal that @entity90 might be of prognostic value in @entity1313 .

title: [Can proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy be of any value as a prognostic factor in XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'MR spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'MB']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: In normal lung epithelial cells, cellular division is an ordered, tightly regulated process involving multiple checkpoints that assess extracellular growth signals, cell size, and DNA integrity. In contrast, neoplastic lung cells develop the ability to bypass several of these checkpoints, particularly at the G1/S and G2/M boundaries. We used genomic profiling to compare gene expression levels in early stage @entity2220 and non-neoplastic pulmonary tissue in order to comprehensively identify alterations in the process of cell cycling. RNA extracted from node negative, poorly differentiated @entity2220 (15 @entity1 ) and non-neoplastic pulmonary tissue (5 @entity1 ) was hybridized to oligonu-cleotide microarray filters containing 44,363 genes. Ontological classification was used to extract genes involved with cell cycle progression. Further analysis discovered a subset of differentially expressed genes for further study. Of the 624 cell cycle genes on the microarray filters, 40 genes were predicted to be differentially expressed in lung adeno- @entity189 . Alterations in several genes (i.e., @entity8189 , @entity4910 , @entity3544 , @entity7465 ) are consistent with published data in the literature. We also identified 19 novel genes that have neither been described in @entity1149 (i.e., @entity10610 , @entity27728 , @entity27124 , @entity8755 , @entity6291 , GADD45, @entity63958 , @entity40472 ) nor in any other @entity5 (i.e., @entity33095 , @entity23901 , @entity13225 ). These results identified several potential cell cycle genes altered in @entity2 .

title: Alterations in cell cycle genes in early stage XXXX identified by expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe clinical situations in which a biopsy or resection of the supraorbital nerve may play a role in @entity1 in whom @entity3 secondary to cutaneous head and @entity5 is suspected. METHODS: The clinical records of 230 @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the skin of the head and neck who were treated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center between April 1994 and March 2001 were reviewed. Thirty-five @entity1 were identified as having primary lesions on the forehead skin. Of these, 8 @entity1 had microscopic or clinical evidence of @entity3 . Four of these 8 @entity1 had undergone a supraorbital nerve biopsy or resection in the course of their treatment. Although all 4 @entity1 were classified as having had @entity957 , 1 @entity1 had a variant of undifferentiated @entity957 that more appropriately should have been classified as @entity189 . The clinical history was reviewed in each case. The median follow-up time for this cohort was 47 months (range, 24 to 72 months). RESULTS: The 4 cases reported here illustrate that a supraorbital nerve biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis of @entity3 , identify the extent of @entity5 infiltration, and help in staging of particularly aggressive cutaneous @entity5 of the periocular region. Access to the proximal (orbital) portion of the nerve can be accomplished through an anterior orbitotomy. CONCLUSIONS: A biopsy of the peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve may be indicated as part of the staging or to confirm the diagnosis of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity957 or other locally aggressive cutaneous @entity5 of the head and neck.

title: The role of supraorbital nerve biopsy in cutaneous XXXX of the periocular region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neck malignancies', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCCA']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['perineural invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the incidence and factors associated with the failure of homograft valves and identifies those factors that are modifiable. METHODS: From 1990 to 2001, 96 homograft valves were implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of 83 @entity1 (mean age 5.1 +/- 5.6 years). Clinical and blinded serial echocardiographic follow-up was performed on all 90 valves in the 77 survivors. RESULTS: Eighteen homograft valves were replaced as the result of @entity338 (3), @entity850 (9), or both (6). Freedom from reoperation was 71% at 9 years (95% confidence interval, 58%-84%). Forty-eight valves developed progressive @entity338 of at least 2 grades, 26 valves developed transvalvular gradients of 50 mm Hg or greater, and 14 of these valves were also insufficient. The freedom from echocardiographic failure (progressive @entity338 >or=2 grades or >or=50 mm Hg gradient) was only 27% at 5 years (95% confidence interval, 17%-37%). In a multivariate analysis (Cox regression), use of an aortic homograft (P =.001) and short antibiotic preservation time (P =.04) were associated with reoperation. Younger age (P =.01), ABO mismatch (P =.04), and diagnosis (P =.005) were associated with echocardiographic failure. In the subanalysis of @entity1 with human leukocyte antigen typing, age (P =.002), aortic homograft (P =.04), and human leukocyte antigen-DR mismatch (P =.03) were associated with @entity712 . CONCLUSION: Many homografts rapidly become insufficient and require replacement. In our analysis of both reoperation and echocardiographic failure, several immunologic factors are consistently associated with homograft failure. Matching for human leukocyte antigen-DR, blood group, and avoiding short preservation times (thus minimizing antigenicity) offers the potential to extend the life of these valves.

title: Human leukocyte antigen-DR and ABO mismatch are associated with accelerated homograft valve failure in XXXX : implications for therapeutic interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic valve failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the scope and the limitations of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in orbital and @entity3217 . This study was a retrospective audit of 389 cases of orbital and @entity3217 subjected to FNAC over a period of 12 years (1998-2009). The cyto-smears were reviewed and the lesions were categorized under different diagnostic categories in adult and pediatric population. Three hundred and one adult @entity1 (age >= 15 years) and 88 pediatric @entity1 (age  <=14 years) constituted the study group. In the adult population, there were 23.3% cases of @entity1071 and 12.6% of benign cysts. In the pediatric population, 18.2% cases had @entity1071 and 8% had benign cysts. Various @entity5 (9.6% in adults) included @entity5123 , @entity1653 , and @entity808 . @entity5 predominated in the pediatric population. A majority of @entity5 in adults were @entity5 (12.6%); @entity1893 being the most common followed by @entity189 (10.3%). Nearly 3.6% cases of soft tissue/ @entity79 and 6.3% of @entity3 were seen in adult population. However, most of the @entity5 in the pediatric population were malignant small blue round cell @entity5 (33%). FNAC is a cost-effective technique with good diagnostic value in the assessment of ophthalmic lesions, especially when sampling and interpretation are performed by experienced personnel in the light of clinico-radiological information.

title: Spectrum of orbital and XXXX : an analysis of 389 cases diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and lymphoproliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular adnexal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'Benign vascular tumors', 'lymphoreticular malignancies', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['ocular adnexal lesions']


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity792 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity379 producing @entity1198 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . These @entity1198 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity404 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity1198 responses. The main signal for @entity1198 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity379 promote intracellular @entity379 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6897 activation by @entity379 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity1198 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity1198 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity1569 , a prototypical @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Recently @entity3646 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity1569 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity3646 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity1569 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity3646 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity3646 in the control of @entity1198 -induced @entity792 , namely @entity1569 .

title: A molecule solves XXXX ? Systemic therapies for @entity1569 inducing @entity3646 and Th2 responses.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN) gamma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorder', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity792 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity379 producing @entity1198 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . These @entity1198 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity404 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity1198 responses. The main signal for @entity1198 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity379 promote intracellular @entity379 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6897 activation by @entity379 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity1198 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity1198 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity1569 , a prototypical @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Recently @entity3646 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity1569 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity3646 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity1569 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity3646 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity3646 in the control of @entity1198 -induced @entity792 , namely @entity1569 .

title: A molecule solves @entity1569 ? Systemic therapies for XXXX inducing @entity3646 and Th2 responses.

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity792 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity379 producing @entity1198 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . These @entity1198 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity404 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity1198 responses. The main signal for @entity1198 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity379 promote intracellular @entity379 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6897 activation by @entity379 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity1198 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity1198 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity1569 , a prototypical @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Recently @entity3646 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity1569 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity3646 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity1569 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity3646 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity1198 -mediated @entity792 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity3646 in the control of @entity1198 -induced @entity792 , namely @entity1569 .

title: A molecule solves @entity1569 ? Systemic therapies for @entity1569 inducing XXXX and Th2 responses.

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin 4']


abstract: Kupffer cell depletion by @entity2545 ( @entity21953 ) in @entity35 livers has previously been proven to minimize @entity99 /reperfusion injury after experimental liver transplantation (LTX). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of donor pretreatment with @entity21953 on @entity99 /reperfusion injury, macro- and microcirculation, and endotoxin clearance of the liver in a porcine model of experimental LTX. Two groups of 12 @entity1707 were treated either with intravenous @entity1219 (0.9%; control) or @entity21953 (20 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after pretreatment, hepatic macrocirculation was quantified by Doppler flowmetry and liver parenchymous microcirculation by implanted thermodiffusion electrodes. The liver grafts were transplanted after 4-6 h of @entity63 in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. At 1 and 24 h after LTX, the perfusion values were re-evaluated and histology, biochemical ( @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity3849 ) and functional parameters (partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and @entity648 ) were analyzed. Furthermore, endotoxin clearance of the liver was evaluated at all time points. In @entity21953 -treated animals 80% of the Kupffer cells were destroyed, and 24 h after LTX @entity63 /reperfusion injury in treated grafts was significantly lower in comparison to controls, as shown by histology, @entity3849 levels (741+/-490 U/l in controls vs 379+/-159 U/l in treated grafts, P<0.05), survival (67% vs 92%), and enhanced macro- (total transhepatic blood flow [THBF]=112+/-22 ml/min per 100 g in controls vs 157+/-45 ml/min per 100 g in treated grafts, P<or=0.05) and microcirculation (thermodiffusion [TD]=73+/-9 ml/min per 100 g in controls vs 90+/-16 ml/min per 100 g in treated grafts, P<or=0.05). Despite destruction of the macrophage system in the liver, the transhepatic endotoxin gradient of treated livers was enhanced before and 1 h after transplantation (58% in controls vs 85% in treated grafts, P<0.05). Destruction of Kupffer cells of donors by pretreatment with @entity21953 in @entity1707 is effective in preventing liver graft dys- and nonfunction after LTX. Pretreatment with @entity21953 does not diminish but increase hepatic endotoxin clearance.

title: Donor pretreatment with XXXX improves early graft function and survival after porcine liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cold ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity2545 :: (MESH:C038958,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Negative pressure @entity4 (NPPE) occurring in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) is an uncommon, probably under-diagnosed, but life-threatening condition. DESIGN: Retrospective data collection. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit in a 1,500-bedded tertiary care hospital. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Five @entity1 were diagnosed between January 1998 and January 2002. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Five @entity1 were diagnosed to have NPPE from different aetiologies. These were acute @entity5847 , post-stenting of right bronchus intermedius stenosis, strangulation, compression from a goitre and one @entity1 developed @entity548 after biting the endotracheal tube during recovery from anaesthesia. All @entity1 responded rapidly to supplemental @entity26 , positive pressure ventilation and correction of underlying aetiologies. @entity4 resolved rapidly. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large spectrum of aetiologies causing NPPE in the medical intensive care unit.

title: Negative pressure XXXX in the medical intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary oedema', 'pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottitis']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['pulmonary oedema']


abstract: We examined the effects of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and BAL fluid characteristics on the systemic proinflammatory cytokine expression and their relation to clinical and laboratory findings. Thirty @entity1 suspected to have @entity2 were subjected to fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) and BAL. Clinical and laboratory findings were determined at baseline, 4 h, and 24 h, including lung auscultation, temperature, chest X-ray, WBC, neutrophils, and serum @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity310 . BAL fluid characteristics were determined including cytokine levels. Fifteen volunteers served as controls to determine serum variation of the same cytokines. Significant temperature elevation was defined as 1 degrees C increase compared to baseline. BAL was associated with temperature and serum @entity310 and @entity650 but not @entity1356 increase at 4 h. Four @entity1 (13.3%) developed temperature over 38 degrees C. In controls there were no significant changes between baseline and 24 h measurements for the same cytokines. Eleven @entity1 (36.6%) developed a significant temperature elevation 4 h after BAL. These @entity1 had a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) increase in serum @entity650 at 4 h and in @entity310 at both 4 and 24 h after BAL compared with the nonsignificant temperature increase group. BAL characteristics were not different between the two groups. On the other hand, BAL fluid @entity650 and @entity310 levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the nonfever group. Significant temperature increase was observed in 36.6% of the @entity1 undergoing BAL and associated with significant serum @entity310 and @entity650 increase at 4 h. Lung cytokines levels, alveolar macrophages, and BAL fluid characteristics are not related to temperature and serum proinflammatory cytokine increase. The hypothesis of alveolar macrophages derive from cytokine production and shift to the systemic circulation cannot be supported by our data.

title: Temperature and serum proinflammatory cytokine changes in XXXX with NSCLC after BAL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity3520 are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that can be subdivided in pure @entity3519 , @entity3519 , and paroxymal @entity3519 . Four pure @entity3520 loci have been mapped to date, @entity7922 , 6, 7, and 13, with varying penetrance. We report the mapping of a novel locus for a late-onset form of @entity24987 in a family from northern Sweden. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with a penetrance that may be as high as 90%. The @entity24987 locus in this family was mapped to chromosome 2q14.3-q21.3 using an Illumina linkage panel. We also confirmed the linkage, using ten tightly linked microsatellite markers in the region, giving a maximum LOD score of 5.59 for marker D2S1260. The disease-critical region is 3.6-8.9 Mb depending on the disease status of one individual carrying a centromeric recombination. Mutational analysis was performed on 22 genes in the disease-critical region, including all known and hypothetical genes in the smaller, 3.6-Mb region, but no disease-specific mutations were identified. Copy number variation analysis of the region did not reveal any deletions or duplications. In order to increase the chances of finding the disease gene, fine-mapping may be necessary to decrease the region of interest. This report will hopefully result in the identification of additional @entity3519 families with linkage to the same locus, and thereby, refinement of the disease critical region.

title: A high-penetrance form of late-onset XXXX maps to a novel locus (DYT21) on chromosome 2q14.3-q21.3.

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonias', 'dystonia-plus syndromes', 'dystonia']

entities_list: @entity24987 :: ('MESH:D004422', 'Disease') :: ['pure torsion dystonia', 'torsion dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant dystonia', 'primary dystonias']

answer: @entity24987 :: (MESH:D004422,Disease) :: ['torsion dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare disease without effective chemotherapy treated most appropriately with resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with liver resection for metastatic @entity1636 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity1636 from 1979 to 2009. RESULTS: A total of 27 @entity1 were identified. Of the 27, 19 underwent liver resection. Of the 19, 10 had a single @entity409 , and 18 of 19 were rendered free of @entity409 , although only 11 of 19 were rendered completely free of disease because of @entity6687 ( @entity6687 ). Of the 19, 13 had synchronous @entity6687 . Also, 6 of 17 remained disease free in the liver at a median follow-up of 6.2 years (status of 2 of 19 was unknown). Of the 27 @entity1 , 8 underwent RFA, 7 of 8 became free of @entity409 , and 5 of 7 had @entity6687 . No @entity1 responded to prior chemotherapy. Median overall survival and survival of @entity1 who underwent liver resection or RFA were both 1.9 years (0.2-12 + years); 5-year actuarial survivals were 29% and 29%, respectively. Disease-free interval (DFI) greater than 9 months from primary resection was associated with longer survival (median 4.1 vs 0.9 years; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: This study is a tertiary institution series of liver resection and RFA for @entity1636 . Given the lack of effective systemic treatment options and the safety of resection and ablation, liver resection or RFA may be considered in selected @entity1 with @entity1636 metastatic to the liver especially with a long DFI.

title: Liver resection and ablation for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['EHD', 'extrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['disease in the liver', 'liver lesion']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: One hundred carotid endarterectomies were performed using selective shunting based on @entity400 ( @entity400 ) for the detection of cortical @entity63 . Changes associated with @entity63 were loss of frequency and amplitude. The results of @entity400 were correlated with carotid stump pressure (CSP) measurements. Only one (4%) of the 25 @entity1 who developed an abnormal EEG had a mean CSP greater than 50 mmHg: however, @entity400 was positive in only 24 (45%) of the 53 @entity1 with a CSP less than 50 mmHg. Using EEG as a standard, no CSP criterion (50 or 25 mmHg) was sufficiently sensitive and specific to recommend its routine use (50 mmHg--96% and 61% respectively; 25 mmHg--40% and 96% respectively). Operative mortality was 1%. The three intraoperative @entity51 (3%), one transient and two permanent, are analyzed with respect to the operative EEG findings. In the 100 endarterectomy @entity1 and three more undergoing carotid exploration or excision of @entity10470 EEG changes due to anesthetic problems not associated with carotid clamping were often identified. In 48 additional endarterectomies a computerized display and disk storage of six selected EEG leads, each with a reference trace for comparison, has provided information equivalent to that from the full EEG. EEG monitoring is more accurate than CSP measurement for identifying @entity1 who require shunting, safely dispensing with a shunt in many cases which would otherwise be shunted by standard CSP criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Advantages of XXXX during carotid artery surgery.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['continuous electroencephalographic monitoring', 'CEM']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body tumor']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['continuous electroencephalographic monitoring']


abstract: PURPOSE: Premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are at risk for @entity2588 . The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-30 trial included @entity1866 ( @entity1866 ) and quality-of-life (QOL) studies to compare treatments on these outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to sequential @entity632 (A) and @entity786 (C) followed by @entity1205 (T; @entity47404 ), concurrent TAC, or @entity1129 , which varied in duration (24, 12, 12 weeks, respectively), and use of C. Endocrine therapy was prescribed for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity5 . @entity1866 and QOL were assessed with standardized questionnaires at baseline; cycle 4, day 1; and every 6 months through 24 months. Prespecified analyses examined rates of @entity2588 by treatment arm, the relationship between @entity2588 and QOL, and QOL by treatment arm. RESULTS: @entity2588 12 months after random assignment was significantly different between treatment groups: 69.8% for AC > T, 57.7% for TAC, and 37.9% for @entity1129 (P < .001). The @entity1129 group without @entity440 had the lowest rate of @entity2588 . QOL was poorer for @entity1 receiving AC > T at 6 months but similar to others by 12 months. Post-treatment symptoms were increased above baseline for all treatments. Multivariable repeated measures modeling demonstrated that treatment arm, time point, age, and @entity440 use were significantly associated with symptom severity (all P values < .002). CONCLUSION: @entity2588 rates differed significantly by treatment arm, with the @entity1129 arm having the lowest rate. @entity1 treated with longer duration therapy ( @entity47404 ) had greater symptom severity and poorer QOL at 6 months, but did not differ from shorter duration treatments at 12 months.

title: Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABP B-30 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity47404 :: ('c|SUB|AC||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AC > T']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'menstrual history']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea', 'amenorrhea']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['node-positive breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are at risk for @entity2588 . The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-30 trial included @entity1866 ( @entity1866 ) and quality-of-life (QOL) studies to compare treatments on these outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to sequential @entity632 (A) and @entity786 (C) followed by @entity1205 (T; @entity47404 ), concurrent TAC, or @entity1129 , which varied in duration (24, 12, 12 weeks, respectively), and use of C. Endocrine therapy was prescribed for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity5 . @entity1866 and QOL were assessed with standardized questionnaires at baseline; cycle 4, day 1; and every 6 months through 24 months. Prespecified analyses examined rates of @entity2588 by treatment arm, the relationship between @entity2588 and QOL, and QOL by treatment arm. RESULTS: @entity2588 12 months after random assignment was significantly different between treatment groups: 69.8% for AC > T, 57.7% for TAC, and 37.9% for @entity1129 (P < .001). The @entity1129 group without @entity440 had the lowest rate of @entity2588 . QOL was poorer for @entity1 receiving AC > T at 6 months but similar to others by 12 months. Post-treatment symptoms were increased above baseline for all treatments. Multivariable repeated measures modeling demonstrated that treatment arm, time point, age, and @entity440 use were significantly associated with symptom severity (all P values < .002). CONCLUSION: @entity2588 rates differed significantly by treatment arm, with the @entity1129 arm having the lowest rate. @entity1 treated with longer duration therapy ( @entity47404 ) had greater symptom severity and poorer QOL at 6 months, but did not differ from shorter duration treatments at 12 months.

title: Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in XXXX with @entity0 treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABP B-30 trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Obstetrical @entity5300 occurs at a frequency of 0.6 to 2.5 per 1000 births. 80 to 95% of these lesions recover spontaneously. If spontaneous recovery does not occur within the first six months of life, investigations like electrophysiology, and CT-myelography and surgical exploration of the brachial plexus are recommended. During the last ten years 73 @entity1 with obstetrical @entity5300 were examined in our department. 29 newborns underwent surgery on the brachial plexus. In 20 out of 29 @entity1 nerve root @entity155 were diagnosed preoperatively. We performed in 16 cases nerve grafting after @entity2950 , in four cases nerve grafting combined with neurotization, in seven cases external or internal neurolysis, and in the remaining two cases neurotization and plexo-plexal transfer, respectively. The @entity1 were followed up between 18 and 50 months (range 27 months) in 18 cases. Elbow function according to Gilbert scale achieved one half of the @entity1 four to five points and the other half two to three points. We found shoulder function with abduction between 45 degrees to 128 degrees and external rotation in 61% (Grade II to V, according to Gilbert scale). In 31% hand function showed Grade III and IV (Gilbert and Raimondi scale). We recommend decision for surgery at the age of six months. Operation should be planned between six to nine months of life. In addition, physical therapy and options including muscle transfers and orthopaedic procedures must be available to ensure the optimal outcome for these @entity1 .

title: [Management of obstetrical XXXX --own experience with the primary operative technique].

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus lesions', 'brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ['neuroma excision']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine distribution of central @entity4 (CCS) across subjects after 8 hr of @entity735 wearing @entity1346 hydrogel lenses with various @entity26 transmissibility (Dk/t) values and in eyes without lenses. METHODS: Twenty-nine neophytes wore lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140), balafilcon A (Dk, 91), @entity57736 (Dk, 60), and senofilcon A (Dk, 103) lenses in powers -3.00, -10.00, and +6.00 diopters on separate nights, in random order, and on 1 eye only. The contralateral eye (no lens) served as the control. Central corneal thickness was measured using a digital optical pachometer before lens insertion and immediately after lens removal on waking. RESULTS: The average difference between the mean (7%) and the median (6.8%) CCS of all lenses was only 0.2%, suggesting a normal distribution. There was no correlation between the mean and the range of the CCS (r=0.058, P=0.766). Normal CCS distributions were also found with each @entity735 and the control eye (P>0.20 for all). There was a significant correlation between @entity735 (r=0.895, P<0.001) and between lotrafilcon A and each of the other 3 lenses for mean CCS across the study @entity1 (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of @entity4 in both @entity735 followed a normal curve. An individual's @entity4 response seems to be independent of lens type.

title: Distribution of overnight @entity4 across subjects with 4 different XXXX hydrogel lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity57736 :: ('MESH:C540499', 'Chemical') :: ['galyfilcon A']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['lens-wearing eye', 'sleep in eyes', 'lens-wearing eye and control eye']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine distribution of central @entity4 (CCS) across subjects after 8 hr of @entity735 wearing @entity1346 hydrogel lenses with various @entity26 transmissibility (Dk/t) values and in eyes without lenses. METHODS: Twenty-nine neophytes wore lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140), balafilcon A (Dk, 91), @entity57736 (Dk, 60), and senofilcon A (Dk, 103) lenses in powers -3.00, -10.00, and +6.00 diopters on separate nights, in random order, and on 1 eye only. The contralateral eye (no lens) served as the control. Central corneal thickness was measured using a digital optical pachometer before lens insertion and immediately after lens removal on waking. RESULTS: The average difference between the mean (7%) and the median (6.8%) CCS of all lenses was only 0.2%, suggesting a normal distribution. There was no correlation between the mean and the range of the CCS (r=0.058, P=0.766). Normal CCS distributions were also found with each @entity735 and the control eye (P>0.20 for all). There was a significant correlation between @entity735 (r=0.895, P<0.001) and between lotrafilcon A and each of the other 3 lenses for mean CCS across the study @entity1 (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of @entity4 in both @entity735 followed a normal curve. An individual's @entity4 response seems to be independent of lens type.

title: Distribution of overnight XXXX across subjects with 4 different @entity1346 hydrogel lenses.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['corneal swelling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ' preferences and expectations should be taken into account in treatment decision making in the last phase of life. Shared decision making (SDM) is regarded as a way to give the @entity1 a central role in decision making. Little is known about how SDM is used in clinical practice in @entity5 care. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether and how the steps of SDM can be recognized in decision making about second- and third-line chemotherapy. METHODS: Fourteen @entity5 @entity1 were followed over time using face-to-face in-depth interviews and observations of the @entity1 ' out-clinic visits. Interviews and outpatient clinic visits in which treatment options were discussed or decisions made were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open coding. RESULTS: @entity1 were satisfied with the decision-making process, but the steps of SDM were barely seen in daily practice. The creation of awareness about available treatment options by physicians was limited and not discussed in an equal way. @entity1 ' wishes and concerns were not explicitly assessed, which led to different expectations about improved survival from subsequent lines of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: To reach SDM in daily practice, physicians should create awareness of all treatment options, including forgoing treatment, and communicate the risk of benefit and harm. Open and honest communication is needed in which @entity1 ' expectations and concerns are discussed. Through this, the difficult process of decision making in the last phase of life can be facilitated and the focus on the best care for the specific @entity1 is strengthened.

title: Challenges in shared decision making in XXXX care: a qualitative longitudinal observational and interview study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']