abstract: To evaluate the role of selective intra-arterial low-dose thrombolytic therapy (SILDT) as an alternative to the surgical management of acute @entity432 , the hospital records of 40 @entity1 who underwent 43 SILDT treatments with either streptokinase (36) or urokinase (7) between December 1979 and March 1984 were reviewed. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent 30 treatments (group 1) for native @entity432 and 12 @entity1 underwent 13 treatments (group 2) for prosthetic or autogenous graft occlusions. Therapy was deemed successful if subsequent surgical therapy was obviated. In group 1, SILDT was successful in 13 of 28 (45%) @entity1 with 12 of 25 lower extremity occlusions and one of three @entity432 . Successful lysis in the native @entity432 group fell into three categories: five @entity1 were successfully treated for arterial @entity715 complicating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA); four @entity1 required PTA after complete lysis revealed an underlying @entity2791 ; and only three required no further therapy after SILDT. SILDT failed in all three @entity1 with the @entity432 . Eleven @entity1 with femoral @entity432 and unsuccessful SILDT required six bypass procedures, three amputations, one embolectomy, and one PTA. In group 2 only 3 of 14 treatments (21%) were successful. Bypass revision was not possible in 11 @entity1 and all required amputation. Systemic fibrinolysis was seen in 20 (59%) of 34 @entity1 with available data. Neither fibrinogen levels nor fibrin degradation products predicted the occurrence of complications. Minor complications occurred in 18 of 43 (43%) treatments; small @entity1410 at the catheter entry site were most common. Minor complications occurred in 20 of 43 treatments (44%) and included severe local @entity548 (four), distant @entity548 (three), @entity1151 (four), @entity583 (three), unmasking of an @entity292 (one), and clot migration requiring emergency thrombectomy (four). SILDT is most effective in acute arterial @entity715 complicating arteriography or percutaneous angioplasty. It may play a role in the @entity1 in whom thrombolysis can reveal an underlying stenosis amenable to percutaneous angioplasty. This experience shows SILDT to be of limited value in the management of prosthetic autogenous graft occlusions. Finally, thrombolytic therapy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates and requires cautious monitoring to detect arterial @entity715 migration, worsening tissue @entity63 , @entity1211 , @entity1779 , and local or systemic @entity548 .

title: Thrombolytic therapy for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['aortoduodenal fistula']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity occlusions', 'artery occlusion', 'aortoiliac occlusions', 'artery occlusions', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion']


abstract: The merit of carotid endarterectomy for @entity1 who previously have sustained a @entity64 remains controversial. Between January 1976 and December 1983, 118 @entity64 @entity1 with mild to severe permanent @entity51 were evaluated. Fifty-nine @entity1 were managed nonoperatively and 59 operatively. Both cohorts were similar in age and sex distribution, incidence of @entity101 (69%), @entity6 (25%), and @entity299 (39%). In the long-term follow-up (medical cohort average was 44.1 +/- 5.0 months; surgical cohort average, 41.8 +/- 3.7 months) the overall survival rate was comparable, that is, there were nine medical @entity204 and eight surgical @entity204 . However, there was a significant difference in the development of new @entity51 . Twelve of the 59 unoperated @entity1 had new @entity51 and three @entity1 died at 12, 36, and 48 months as a result of a recurrent @entity64 . New @entity51 developed in only two of the 59 surgical @entity1 and there were no @entity64 -related @entity204 . When the cumulative probability of remaining free from recurrent deficits was examined in the surviving @entity1 at 6 years, all of the @entity1 in the operated group remained free from recurrent deficits, whereas only 58% of the @entity1 in the unoperated group were free of new @entity51 (p = 0.02). These data suggest that @entity64 @entity1 with fixed mild to moderate @entity51 and with @entity66 may be protected from recurrent neurologic complications by carotid endarterectomy.

title: Carotid endarterectomy after a XXXX : reduction in long-term neurologic deterioration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['completed stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decentralization and task shifting has significantly improved access to @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Many studies conducted to determine the attrition rate in Ethiopia have not compared attrition rates between hospitals and health centers in a relatively recent cohort of @entity1 . This study compared @entity204 and loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates among @entity34 @entity1 in hospitals and health centers in south Ethiopia. METHODS: Data routinely collected from @entity1 aged older than 15 years who started @entity34 between July 2011 and August 2012 in 20 selected health facilities (12 being hospitals) were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were LTFU and @entity204 . The data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 and Stata version 12.0. Competing-risk regression models were used. RESULTS: The service years of the facilities were similar (median 8 and 7.5 for hospitals and health centers, respectively). The mean @entity1 age was 33.7  9.6 years. The median baseline @entity404 count was 179 (interquartile range 93-263) cells/mm(3). A total of 2,356 @entity1 -years of observation were made with a median follow-up duration of 28 (interquartile range 22-31) months; 24.6% were either dead or LTFU, resulting in a retention rate of 75.4%. The @entity204 rates were 3.0 and 1.5 and the LTFU rate were 9.0 and 10.9 per 100 @entity1 -years of observation in health centers and hospitals, respectively. The competing-risk regression model showed that the gap between testing and initiation of @entity34 , body mass index, World Health Organization clinical stage, @entity3109 prophylaxis, age, facility type, and educational status were independently associated with LTFU. Moreover, baseline @entity378 , poor functional status, and follow-up at a health center were associated with an elevated probability of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: We observed a higher @entity204 rate and a lower LTFU rate in health centers than in hospitals. Most of the associated variables were also previously documented. Higher LTFU was noticed for @entity1 with a smaller gap between testing and initiation of treatment.

title: Do loss to follow-up and XXXX rates from @entity34 care vary across primary health care facilities and hospitals in south Ethiopia? A retrospective follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ART', 'antiretroviral therapy']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decentralization and task shifting has significantly improved access to @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Many studies conducted to determine the attrition rate in Ethiopia have not compared attrition rates between hospitals and health centers in a relatively recent cohort of @entity1 . This study compared @entity204 and loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates among @entity34 @entity1 in hospitals and health centers in south Ethiopia. METHODS: Data routinely collected from @entity1 aged older than 15 years who started @entity34 between July 2011 and August 2012 in 20 selected health facilities (12 being hospitals) were analyzed. The outcomes of interest were LTFU and @entity204 . The data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 and Stata version 12.0. Competing-risk regression models were used. RESULTS: The service years of the facilities were similar (median 8 and 7.5 for hospitals and health centers, respectively). The mean @entity1 age was 33.7  9.6 years. The median baseline @entity404 count was 179 (interquartile range 93-263) cells/mm(3). A total of 2,356 @entity1 -years of observation were made with a median follow-up duration of 28 (interquartile range 22-31) months; 24.6% were either dead or LTFU, resulting in a retention rate of 75.4%. The @entity204 rates were 3.0 and 1.5 and the LTFU rate were 9.0 and 10.9 per 100 @entity1 -years of observation in health centers and hospitals, respectively. The competing-risk regression model showed that the gap between testing and initiation of @entity34 , body mass index, World Health Organization clinical stage, @entity3109 prophylaxis, age, facility type, and educational status were independently associated with LTFU. Moreover, baseline @entity378 , poor functional status, and follow-up at a health center were associated with an elevated probability of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: We observed a higher @entity204 rate and a lower LTFU rate in health centers than in hospitals. Most of the associated variables were also previously documented. Higher LTFU was noticed for @entity1 with a smaller gap between testing and initiation of treatment.

title: Do loss to follow-up and @entity204 rates from XXXX care vary across primary health care facilities and hospitals in south Ethiopia? A retrospective follow-up study.

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['ART']


abstract: @entity4802 is a rare clinical disturbance with a wide range of clinical manifestations. We report on a 6-year-old male with peculiar retinal presentation of @entity4802 . The @entity1 was referred to Ophthalmology for central scotoma in the left eye, where visual acuity was 20/100. Fundus examination was unremarkable, except for yellowish material in the central macula. SD- @entity6653 revealed interruption of the external limiting membrane and inner and outer segment junctions, with disorganized material in the vitelliform space and subretinal fluid. Six months later, fundus and SD- @entity6653 examinations were unchanged without treatment, but visual acuity in the left eye had improved to 20/50. Five years later, he had similar clinical manifestations in the right eye. He was started on systemic @entity230 . After 15 days, his visual acuity improved to 20/20 and subretinal fluid and yellowish material in the vitelliform space disappeared. @entity4802 has variable presentation, including vitelliform @entity1020 .

title: A Case of Goldenhar Syndrome Associated with a New Retinal Presentation: Exudative Vitelliform XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['Goldenhar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Maculopathy']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity3584 -treated @entity291 aortic valves (BAVs) and 105 @entity653 -treated @entity1 dura mater valves (HDVs) were used in 51 various artificial hearts up to 316 days in @entity291 . Multiple valves were implanted in the same animal under different hemodynamic conditions. A comparative study of these valves was performed in terms of blood compatibility and durability with relation to the different hemodynamic environments. Both BAVs and HDVs showed good blood compatibility. The degradation of collagen bundles of the valves began as early as 7 days in BAVs and 13 days in HDVs, and was seen in the hinged portions of the cusps. The fiber separation and resultant void formation were followed with insudation of blood elements and subsequent calcification. Calcification was dystrophic in nature and was encountered in 70.9% of BAVs and 7.6% of HDVs. All 17 BAVs used more than 30 days were calcified; in HDVs the earliest @entity75 was seen in a 78 day specimen. The pathological changes were more severe in the left side than the right of the total artificial hearts. These results clearly indicated that the @entity44013 is more durable than the @entity3584 -treated BAV. It was suggested that degradation of these tissue valves is greatly affected by the degree of hemodynamic stress on the valve cusp. Although @entity3584 treatment has increased the durability of tissue valves in general, the structure of the valve tissue also plays an important role in long-term durability.

title: XXXX aortic and @entity1 dura mater valves: a comparative study in artificial hearts in @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesion']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity3584 -treated @entity291 aortic valves (BAVs) and 105 @entity653 -treated @entity1 dura mater valves (HDVs) were used in 51 various artificial hearts up to 316 days in @entity291 . Multiple valves were implanted in the same animal under different hemodynamic conditions. A comparative study of these valves was performed in terms of blood compatibility and durability with relation to the different hemodynamic environments. Both BAVs and HDVs showed good blood compatibility. The degradation of collagen bundles of the valves began as early as 7 days in BAVs and 13 days in HDVs, and was seen in the hinged portions of the cusps. The fiber separation and resultant void formation were followed with insudation of blood elements and subsequent calcification. Calcification was dystrophic in nature and was encountered in 70.9% of BAVs and 7.6% of HDVs. All 17 BAVs used more than 30 days were calcified; in HDVs the earliest @entity75 was seen in a 78 day specimen. The pathological changes were more severe in the left side than the right of the total artificial hearts. These results clearly indicated that the @entity44013 is more durable than the @entity3584 -treated BAV. It was suggested that degradation of these tissue valves is greatly affected by the degree of hemodynamic stress on the valve cusp. Although @entity3584 treatment has increased the durability of tissue valves in general, the structure of the valve tissue also plays an important role in long-term durability.

title: @entity291 aortic and @entity1 dura mater valves: a comparative study in artificial hearts in XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity3584 -treated @entity291 aortic valves (BAVs) and 105 @entity653 -treated @entity1 dura mater valves (HDVs) were used in 51 various artificial hearts up to 316 days in @entity291 . Multiple valves were implanted in the same animal under different hemodynamic conditions. A comparative study of these valves was performed in terms of blood compatibility and durability with relation to the different hemodynamic environments. Both BAVs and HDVs showed good blood compatibility. The degradation of collagen bundles of the valves began as early as 7 days in BAVs and 13 days in HDVs, and was seen in the hinged portions of the cusps. The fiber separation and resultant void formation were followed with insudation of blood elements and subsequent calcification. Calcification was dystrophic in nature and was encountered in 70.9% of BAVs and 7.6% of HDVs. All 17 BAVs used more than 30 days were calcified; in HDVs the earliest @entity75 was seen in a 78 day specimen. The pathological changes were more severe in the left side than the right of the total artificial hearts. These results clearly indicated that the @entity44013 is more durable than the @entity3584 -treated BAV. It was suggested that degradation of these tissue valves is greatly affected by the degree of hemodynamic stress on the valve cusp. Although @entity3584 treatment has increased the durability of tissue valves in general, the structure of the valve tissue also plays an important role in long-term durability.

title: @entity291 aortic and XXXX dura mater valves: a comparative study in artificial hearts in @entity291 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective. To analyze the clinical characteristics of inpatients with @entity2021 and the factors that influenced those characteristics. Methods. Using the @entity1 records from 1990 to 2013 from three highly ranked Chinese hospitals, we retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of 108 inpatients with @entity2021 (not @entity2021 admitted). Results. The mean @entity1 age was 42    20 years old and male-to-female ratio was 1   :   1.3. The number of @entity1 with @entity2021 increased gradually, and cases diagnosed after 2005 accounted for 68.5% of the 108 total cases. The most common trigger was medications. The most common clinical manifestations included cutaneous, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive signs and symptoms. Male @entity1 were more likely to experience @entity909 . Multisystem involvement was more likely to develop in @entity1 with low BP, whereas it was uncommon in those with @entity2021 induced by antibiotics or anesthetics. @entity1425 was used as the first-line treatment for 56 cases. Conclusions. Inpatient with @entity2021 was more common in female @entity1 and the number increased gradually during the study period. The most common trigger was medications. @entity1 with low BP were prone to having multisystem involvement, whereas the cases of @entity2021 induced by antibiotics and anesthetics were less likely to involve multiple organ systems.

title: Clinical Characteristics of Inpatients with XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['Anaphylaxis']


abstract: Infection associated with orthopedic implants often results in @entity604 and requires surgical removal of the implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological changes of bone adjacent to a bacteria-colonized implant, with the aim of identifying temporal patterns that are characteristic of @entity281 . In an in vivo study with @entity35 , bone changes were assessed using in vivo microCT at 7 time points during a one-month postoperative period. The @entity35 received either a sterile or @entity794 -colonized @entity12316 screw in the tibia. Bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and bone changes (quiescent, resorbed, and new bone) were calculated from consecutive scans and validated against histomorphometry. The screw pullout strength was estimated from FE models and the results were validated against mechanical testing. In the sterile group, bone-implant contact, bone fraction, and mechanical fixation increased steadily until day 14 and then plateaued. In the infected group, they decreased rapidly. Bone formation was reduced while resorption was increased, with maximum effects observed within 6 days. In summary, the model presented is capable of evaluating the patterns of bone changes due to implant-related @entity281 . The combined use of longitudinal in vivo microCT imaging and image-based finite element analysis provides characteristic signs of @entity281 within 6 days.

title: In Vivo MicroCT Monitoring of Osteomyelitis in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['polyetheretherketone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Background. @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), a @entity19 experimental disease model induced by immunization with type II collagen (CII), is used to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies for @entity309 . Adult stem cell marker @entity64430 ( @entity64430 ) plays an important role in regulating the maintenance and differentiation of stem/precursor cells. The objectives of this investigation were to perform a morphological study of the experimental @entity1753 model, evaluate the effect of @entity637 -blocker (etanercept) treatment, and determine the immunohistochemical expression of @entity64430 protein. Methods. @entity1753 was induced in 50 male DBA1/J @entity19 for analyses of tissue and serum cytokine; clinical and morphological lesions in limbs; and immunohistochemical expression of @entity64430 . Results. Clinically, @entity637 -blocker treatment attenuated @entity1753 on day 32 after immunization (P < 0.001). @entity64430 protein expression was significantly higher in joints damaged by @entity1753 than in those with no lesions (P < 0.0001) and was related to the severity of the lesions (Spearman's rho = 0.775, P = 0.0001). Conclusions. Treatment with etanercept attenuates @entity75 in the @entity19 @entity1753 model. Osteoarticular expression of @entity64430 protein is increased in joints with @entity1753 and absent in nonlesioned joints, suggesting that this protein is expressed when the lesion is produced in order to favor tissue repair.

title: Osteoarticular Expression of XXXX in an Experimental Model of Arthritis.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA-induced lesion', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity64430 :: (17690(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Musashi-1']


abstract: The distribution of T- and M-protein antigens was determined in 12,469 cultures of @entity4195 sent to a reference laboratory. Of these 7232 (58%) were isolates from hospital @entity1 , 249 (2%) from hospital staff and 4988 (40%) from the community. The survey extended from January 1980 to June 1987. During this time the numbers of isolates of M-types 6, 49 and 81 rose then fell, being replaced by types 1, 3 and 28. The proportion of isolates of M-types 4 and 12 remained constant. Few strains were received from cases of @entity1310 or @entity4789 but there has been an increase in the number of strains from serious @entity281 and @entity204 . Forty-four of the 55 (80%) strains received since 1985 from fatal @entity281 have belonged to M-type 1. All other strains, bar two, received from fatal @entity281 in those years belonged to M-type 3. Representatives of M-type 1 were also associated with @entity13171 . Types 3 and 4 predominated among the isolates from scarlet fever, types 1, 4, 12 and 49 from @entity1310 , types 49 and 81 from @entity272 in meat workers and type 28 in cases of @entity295 . The M-typability rate was 97% but new M antigens await definition among strains causing @entity6793 .

title: Changes in the pattern of infection caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: Aims. The polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) pathogenesis and its complications. Methods. We investigated in 102 @entity2175 @entity1 the association of the cytokine polymorphisms in the @entity310 , @entity688 , @entity650 , @entity2533 , and @entity379 genes with the @entity2175 microvascular complications and comorbidities ( @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity28 ). Cytokine genotypes were determined by PCR using Cytokine Genotyping Tray kit. Results. @entity6 was associated with GG genotype and G allele in @entity2533 @entity73115 polymorphism (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018) and the @entity8 was associated the lower frequency of GG genotype in @entity688 @entity28707 polymorphism (p = 0.049). @entity101 was associated with the CC genotype and C allele for @entity688 @entity28709 polymorphism (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009) and higher frequencies of T (p = 0.047) and C (p = 0.033) alleles of the @entity2533 @entity73116 and @entity688 @entity73117 polymorphisms, respectively. The @entity2533 @entity73116 polymorphism was associated with the BMI groups (p = 0.026): the CC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI < 25   Kg/m(2), while the TC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI = 30   Kg/m(2). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that @entity2533 and @entity688 polymorphisms are involved in complications and comorbidities in @entity2175 @entity1 .

title: Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity73116 :: ('c|SUB|T|CODON10|C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['codon 10T/C']

entities_list: @entity73115 :: ('c|SUB|C|CODON25|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['codon 25C/G']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Aims. The polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) pathogenesis and its complications. Methods. We investigated in 102 @entity2175 @entity1 the association of the cytokine polymorphisms in the @entity310 , @entity688 , @entity650 , @entity2533 , and @entity379 genes with the @entity2175 microvascular complications and comorbidities ( @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity28 ). Cytokine genotypes were determined by PCR using Cytokine Genotyping Tray kit. Results. @entity6 was associated with GG genotype and G allele in @entity2533 @entity73115 polymorphism (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018) and the @entity8 was associated the lower frequency of GG genotype in @entity688 @entity28707 polymorphism (p = 0.049). @entity101 was associated with the CC genotype and C allele for @entity688 @entity28709 polymorphism (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009) and higher frequencies of T (p = 0.047) and C (p = 0.033) alleles of the @entity2533 @entity73116 and @entity688 @entity73117 polymorphisms, respectively. The @entity2533 @entity73116 polymorphism was associated with the BMI groups (p = 0.026): the CC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI < 25   Kg/m(2), while the TC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI = 30   Kg/m(2). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that @entity2533 and @entity688 polymorphisms are involved in complications and comorbidities in @entity2175 @entity1 .

title: Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The aims of this study were to estimate the incidences of @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ) and @entity14000 ( @entity14000 ) in @entity1 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Furthermore, we aimed to explore the risk factors of the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity1 after @entity131 . This population-based, longitudinal analysis was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (consisting of 1,000,000 beneficiaries) from 1996 to 2010. Using the longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to evaluate the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in adult @entity131 @entity1 and controls. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to compare differences in the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 . The effects of gender, comorbidity and surgery on the risk of @entity4091 and @entity14000 development were assessed by subgroup analyses. Over a 15-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of @entity4091 in 28,234 @entity131 @entity1 (604.00/100,000 @entity1 -years) was significantly higher than 34,085 controls (322.21/100,000 @entity1 -years) (P<0.0001, by log-rank test). Females showed a significantly higher incidence of @entity4091 than males (p for interaction = 0.0010). The time to @entity4091 development in the follow-up period was 5.9 years in @entity131 @entity1 compared to 9.9 years in the control set (p <0.0001). @entity131 @entity1 were 2.93 and 2.11 times likely to develop @entity4091 and @entity14000 , respectively, than the general population. The incidences of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 were also significantly greater than for controls in the CCI = 0 subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based cohort study to reveal that @entity131 is an independent risk factor for @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 , especially in females. Physician should pay attention to the possibility of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 and be aware that @entity4091 vaccination early after @entity131 may lower the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 .

title: Increased Incidence of Herpes Zoster and @entity14000 in Adult @entity1 following XXXX : A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['PHN', 'postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma', 'TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['HZ', 'herpes zoster']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: The aims of this study were to estimate the incidences of @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ) and @entity14000 ( @entity14000 ) in @entity1 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Furthermore, we aimed to explore the risk factors of the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity1 after @entity131 . This population-based, longitudinal analysis was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (consisting of 1,000,000 beneficiaries) from 1996 to 2010. Using the longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to evaluate the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in adult @entity131 @entity1 and controls. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to compare differences in the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 . The effects of gender, comorbidity and surgery on the risk of @entity4091 and @entity14000 development were assessed by subgroup analyses. Over a 15-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of @entity4091 in 28,234 @entity131 @entity1 (604.00/100,000 @entity1 -years) was significantly higher than 34,085 controls (322.21/100,000 @entity1 -years) (P<0.0001, by log-rank test). Females showed a significantly higher incidence of @entity4091 than males (p for interaction = 0.0010). The time to @entity4091 development in the follow-up period was 5.9 years in @entity131 @entity1 compared to 9.9 years in the control set (p <0.0001). @entity131 @entity1 were 2.93 and 2.11 times likely to develop @entity4091 and @entity14000 , respectively, than the general population. The incidences of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 were also significantly greater than for controls in the CCI = 0 subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based cohort study to reveal that @entity131 is an independent risk factor for @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 , especially in females. Physician should pay attention to the possibility of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 and be aware that @entity4091 vaccination early after @entity131 may lower the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 .

title: Increased Incidence of Herpes Zoster and XXXX in Adult @entity1 following @entity131 : A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan.

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['Postherpetic Neuralgia']


abstract: The aims of this study were to estimate the incidences of @entity4091 ( @entity4091 ) and @entity14000 ( @entity14000 ) in @entity1 after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Furthermore, we aimed to explore the risk factors of the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity1 after @entity131 . This population-based, longitudinal analysis was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (consisting of 1,000,000 beneficiaries) from 1996 to 2010. Using the longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to evaluate the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in adult @entity131 @entity1 and controls. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to compare differences in the development of @entity4091 and @entity14000 . The effects of gender, comorbidity and surgery on the risk of @entity4091 and @entity14000 development were assessed by subgroup analyses. Over a 15-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of @entity4091 in 28,234 @entity131 @entity1 (604.00/100,000 @entity1 -years) was significantly higher than 34,085 controls (322.21/100,000 @entity1 -years) (P<0.0001, by log-rank test). Females showed a significantly higher incidence of @entity4091 than males (p for interaction = 0.0010). The time to @entity4091 development in the follow-up period was 5.9 years in @entity131 @entity1 compared to 9.9 years in the control set (p <0.0001). @entity131 @entity1 were 2.93 and 2.11 times likely to develop @entity4091 and @entity14000 , respectively, than the general population. The incidences of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 were also significantly greater than for controls in the CCI = 0 subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based cohort study to reveal that @entity131 is an independent risk factor for @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 , especially in females. Physician should pay attention to the possibility of @entity4091 and @entity14000 in @entity131 @entity1 and be aware that @entity4091 vaccination early after @entity131 may lower the incidence of @entity4091 and @entity14000 .

title: Increased Incidence of Herpes Zoster and @entity14000 in Adult XXXX following @entity131 : A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: To investigate whether the putative (pro) @entity3449 receptor blocker, the @entity12168 ( @entity12168 ), exerts effects on top of the blood pressure-lowering and cardioprotective effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were implanted with telemetry transmitters to monitor heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a 2-week recovery period, vehicle, aliskiren, @entity12168 (100 and 1 mg/kg per day, respectively), and @entity12168 +aliskiren were infused for 3 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Subsequently, the heart was removed to study coronary function according to Langendorff. Baseline MAP and heart rate in vehicle-treated @entity35 were 146  3 mm Hg and 326  4 bpm. @entity12168 did not affect MAP, whereas aliskiren and @entity12168 +aliskiren lowered MAP (by maximally 29  2 and 20  1 mm Hg, respectively) without affecting heart rate. Aliskiren significantly reduced MAP throughout the 3-week infusion period, whereas the blood pressure-lowering effect of @entity12168 +aliskiren returned to baseline within 2 weeks of treatment. In comparison with vehicle, @entity17162 increased the endothelium-dependent response to @entity1812 and decreased the response to @entity1808 in the coronary circulation, whereas these responses were not altered after treatment with @entity12168 or @entity12168 +aliskiren. @entity12168 did not alter plasma @entity3449 activity, plasma angiotensin levels, or the renal angiotensin content, either alone or on top of aliskiren, nor did it alter the aliskiren-induced decrease in renal Ang II type 1 receptor expression. Yet, it did reverse the aliskiren-induced reduction in cardiomyocyte area, without affecting this area when given alone. In conclusion, @entity12168 counteracts the beneficial effects of aliskiren on blood pressure, coronary function, and @entity1283 in an angiotensin-independent manner.

title: Handle region peptide counteracts the beneficial effects of the XXXX inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity17162 :: ('MESH:C446481', 'Chemical') :: ['aliskiren']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity12168 :: ('MESH:C562385', 'Disease') :: ['HRP', 'handle region peptide']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Renin']


abstract: To investigate whether the putative (pro) @entity3449 receptor blocker, the @entity12168 ( @entity12168 ), exerts effects on top of the blood pressure-lowering and cardioprotective effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were implanted with telemetry transmitters to monitor heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a 2-week recovery period, vehicle, aliskiren, @entity12168 (100 and 1 mg/kg per day, respectively), and @entity12168 +aliskiren were infused for 3 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Subsequently, the heart was removed to study coronary function according to Langendorff. Baseline MAP and heart rate in vehicle-treated @entity35 were 146  3 mm Hg and 326  4 bpm. @entity12168 did not affect MAP, whereas aliskiren and @entity12168 +aliskiren lowered MAP (by maximally 29  2 and 20  1 mm Hg, respectively) without affecting heart rate. Aliskiren significantly reduced MAP throughout the 3-week infusion period, whereas the blood pressure-lowering effect of @entity12168 +aliskiren returned to baseline within 2 weeks of treatment. In comparison with vehicle, @entity17162 increased the endothelium-dependent response to @entity1812 and decreased the response to @entity1808 in the coronary circulation, whereas these responses were not altered after treatment with @entity12168 or @entity12168 +aliskiren. @entity12168 did not alter plasma @entity3449 activity, plasma angiotensin levels, or the renal angiotensin content, either alone or on top of aliskiren, nor did it alter the aliskiren-induced decrease in renal Ang II type 1 receptor expression. Yet, it did reverse the aliskiren-induced reduction in cardiomyocyte area, without affecting this area when given alone. In conclusion, @entity12168 counteracts the beneficial effects of aliskiren on blood pressure, coronary function, and @entity1283 in an angiotensin-independent manner.

title: Handle region peptide counteracts the beneficial effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: To investigate whether the putative (pro) @entity3449 receptor blocker, the @entity12168 ( @entity12168 ), exerts effects on top of the blood pressure-lowering and cardioprotective effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren, spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were implanted with telemetry transmitters to monitor heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a 2-week recovery period, vehicle, aliskiren, @entity12168 (100 and 1 mg/kg per day, respectively), and @entity12168 +aliskiren were infused for 3 weeks using osmotic minipumps. Subsequently, the heart was removed to study coronary function according to Langendorff. Baseline MAP and heart rate in vehicle-treated @entity35 were 146  3 mm Hg and 326  4 bpm. @entity12168 did not affect MAP, whereas aliskiren and @entity12168 +aliskiren lowered MAP (by maximally 29  2 and 20  1 mm Hg, respectively) without affecting heart rate. Aliskiren significantly reduced MAP throughout the 3-week infusion period, whereas the blood pressure-lowering effect of @entity12168 +aliskiren returned to baseline within 2 weeks of treatment. In comparison with vehicle, @entity17162 increased the endothelium-dependent response to @entity1812 and decreased the response to @entity1808 in the coronary circulation, whereas these responses were not altered after treatment with @entity12168 or @entity12168 +aliskiren. @entity12168 did not alter plasma @entity3449 activity, plasma angiotensin levels, or the renal angiotensin content, either alone or on top of aliskiren, nor did it alter the aliskiren-induced decrease in renal Ang II type 1 receptor expression. Yet, it did reverse the aliskiren-induced reduction in cardiomyocyte area, without affecting this area when given alone. In conclusion, @entity12168 counteracts the beneficial effects of aliskiren on blood pressure, coronary function, and @entity1283 in an angiotensin-independent manner.

title: Handle region peptide counteracts the beneficial effects of the @entity3449 inhibitor aliskiren in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to report early and late outcomes of primary laparoscopic-assisted endorectal colon pull-through leaving a short seromuscular sleeve for @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) in the newborn. METHODS: Laparoscopic endorectal colon pull-through was performed by using four ports. @entity515 insuffaltion pressure was around 8-10   mm Hg. The ganglionic and aganglionic segments were initially identified by seromuscular biopsies obtained laparoscopically. The rest of the procedure was carried out according to Georgeson's technique. However, we left a short rectal seromuscular sleeve of 1.5-2   cm above the dentate line. RESULTS: From January 2003 to August 2009, 47 @entity1 were operated upon by the same surgeon. Ages ranged from 3 to 30 days. The aganglionic segment was located in the rectum in 31 @entity1 , in the sigmoid colon in 15 @entity1 , and in the left colon in 1 @entity1 . The median operating time was 124 minutes. There were no perioperative @entity204 . There was no conversion to open surgery. There was minimal @entity190 during surgery. Oral intakes of clear fluid were started 12 hours after surgery and advanced to formula on the second day. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 days (range, 4-8). Follow-up, ranging from 4 to 72 months, was obtained in 42 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 (71.4%) had 1-2 defecations/day, 10 (23.8%) had 3-4 defecations/day, and 1 (2.4%) had more than 4 defecations/day. Constipation occurred in 1 @entity1 (2.4%) and @entity1964 in 1 @entity1 (2.4%). No @entity1 had anastomotic @entity292 . Intermittent urinary did not occur in any @entity1 . Erectile function, evaluated by @entity1 's parents, was presented in all 34 males who were followed up. CONCLUSIONS: Primary laparoscopic-assisted endorectal colon pull-through leaving a short rectal seromuscular sleeve is a safe, effective procedure for @entity1963 in the newborn.

title: Early and late outcomes of primary laparoscopic endorectal colon pull-through leaving a short rectal seromuscular sleeve for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung disease']


abstract: The retina and rod outer segments (ROS), rich in unsaturated lipids, are highly susceptible to autoxidation via free radical mechanisms. In the @entity235 eye, four enzymes, i.e.; @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) peroxidase, @entity2041 peroxidases, @entity7669 and @entity224 dismutase which are involved in the production or degradation of @entity2627 , were measured. All enzymes were present in the retina, ciliary body and iris, but differed in concentration. @entity224 dismutase showed high activity in the ROS. In the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) a peroxidase utilizing @entity10155 as cosubstrate and @entity224 dismutase were both present. The former enzyme was found equally distributed between soluble and insoluble forms. A pigment granule fraction from the @entity989 only contained @entity10155 -peroxidase. The compartmentalization of @entity2625 regulating enzymes in the eye is striking. Whereas the retina seems well protected against @entity224 free radicals and @entity273 by virtue of @entity224 dismutase, peroxidases and @entity7669 activities, the ROS are only protected by @entity224 dismutase. Therefore, after phagocytosis of the ROS, any peroxidized lipids, organic @entity2627 , or unconverted @entity224 radicals contained within the ROS, must be detoxified by a specific @entity989 peroxidase and @entity224 dismutase. @entity273 or other peroxidized compounds apparently are not degraded by @entity2041 peroxidases or @entity7669 , since these enzymes were not measurable in our @entity989 preparations. The role of antioxidative enzymes in the eye, which retard @entity2625 and free radical information, appears to be specific and regional.

title: The distribution of XXXX regulating enzymes in the @entity235 eye.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['p-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity2625 :: (CHEBI:44785,Chemical) :: ['peroxide']


abstract: The retina and rod outer segments (ROS), rich in unsaturated lipids, are highly susceptible to autoxidation via free radical mechanisms. In the @entity235 eye, four enzymes, i.e.; @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) peroxidase, @entity2041 peroxidases, @entity7669 and @entity224 dismutase which are involved in the production or degradation of @entity2627 , were measured. All enzymes were present in the retina, ciliary body and iris, but differed in concentration. @entity224 dismutase showed high activity in the ROS. In the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) a peroxidase utilizing @entity10155 as cosubstrate and @entity224 dismutase were both present. The former enzyme was found equally distributed between soluble and insoluble forms. A pigment granule fraction from the @entity989 only contained @entity10155 -peroxidase. The compartmentalization of @entity2625 regulating enzymes in the eye is striking. Whereas the retina seems well protected against @entity224 free radicals and @entity273 by virtue of @entity224 dismutase, peroxidases and @entity7669 activities, the ROS are only protected by @entity224 dismutase. Therefore, after phagocytosis of the ROS, any peroxidized lipids, organic @entity2627 , or unconverted @entity224 radicals contained within the ROS, must be detoxified by a specific @entity989 peroxidase and @entity224 dismutase. @entity273 or other peroxidized compounds apparently are not degraded by @entity2041 peroxidases or @entity7669 , since these enzymes were not measurable in our @entity989 preparations. The role of antioxidative enzymes in the eye, which retard @entity2625 and free radical information, appears to be specific and regional.

title: The distribution of @entity2625 regulating enzymes in the XXXX eye.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), or @entity1884 , is an @entity74 . The clinical manifestations are @entity1415 , @entity344 , and @entity2758 in internal organs. @entity1 show severe @entity1415 , and/or @entity360 , both of which notably interfere with their quality of life. There are two predominant types of @entity1884 caused by mutations in @entity6459 ( @entity6459 ) and @entity14077 ( @entity14077 ) genes, named @entity6459 and @entity14077 , respectively. @entity6459 and @entity14077 code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 signaling pathway, and it is widely accepted that @entity1884 pathogenicity results from haploinsufficiency. No cure for @entity1884 has been found, so identification of drugs able to increase the expression of these genes is essential when proposing new therapies. We report the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) in increasing @entity6459 and @entity14077 expression. The rationale comes from a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1884 who received a liver transplantation after @entity1578 due to a @entity99 . The liver was transplanted, and the immunosuppressor @entity1140 was used to prevent the rejection. After the first month of @entity1140 treatment, the internal and external @entity8721 , epistaxes, and @entity417 disappeared. Here, we find that the immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases the protein and mRNA expression of @entity6459 and @entity14077 in cultured endothelial cells and enhances the @entity2533 / @entity14077 signaling pathway and endothelial cell functions like tubulogenesis and migration. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of @entity1140 involves a partial correction of @entity6459 and @entity14077 haploinsufficiency and may therefore be an interesting drug for use in @entity1 with @entity1884 who undergo transplantation.

title: Immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases XXXX and activin receptor-like kinase 1 expression and modulates @entity2533 signaling in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectases']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal telangiectases']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome', 'HHT']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity14077 :: ('94', 'Gene') :: ['ALK1', 'HHT2', 'ACVRL1/activin receptor-like kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity6459 :: (2022,Gene) :: ['endoglin']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), or @entity1884 , is an @entity74 . The clinical manifestations are @entity1415 , @entity344 , and @entity2758 in internal organs. @entity1 show severe @entity1415 , and/or @entity360 , both of which notably interfere with their quality of life. There are two predominant types of @entity1884 caused by mutations in @entity6459 ( @entity6459 ) and @entity14077 ( @entity14077 ) genes, named @entity6459 and @entity14077 , respectively. @entity6459 and @entity14077 code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 signaling pathway, and it is widely accepted that @entity1884 pathogenicity results from haploinsufficiency. No cure for @entity1884 has been found, so identification of drugs able to increase the expression of these genes is essential when proposing new therapies. We report the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) in increasing @entity6459 and @entity14077 expression. The rationale comes from a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1884 who received a liver transplantation after @entity1578 due to a @entity99 . The liver was transplanted, and the immunosuppressor @entity1140 was used to prevent the rejection. After the first month of @entity1140 treatment, the internal and external @entity8721 , epistaxes, and @entity417 disappeared. Here, we find that the immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases the protein and mRNA expression of @entity6459 and @entity14077 in cultured endothelial cells and enhances the @entity2533 / @entity14077 signaling pathway and endothelial cell functions like tubulogenesis and migration. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of @entity1140 involves a partial correction of @entity6459 and @entity14077 haploinsufficiency and may therefore be an interesting drug for use in @entity1 with @entity1884 who undergo transplantation.

title: Immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases @entity6459 and activin receptor-like kinase 1 expression and modulates XXXX signaling in endothelial cells.

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-b1']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), or @entity1884 , is an @entity74 . The clinical manifestations are @entity1415 , @entity344 , and @entity2758 in internal organs. @entity1 show severe @entity1415 , and/or @entity360 , both of which notably interfere with their quality of life. There are two predominant types of @entity1884 caused by mutations in @entity6459 ( @entity6459 ) and @entity14077 ( @entity14077 ) genes, named @entity6459 and @entity14077 , respectively. @entity6459 and @entity14077 code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 signaling pathway, and it is widely accepted that @entity1884 pathogenicity results from haploinsufficiency. No cure for @entity1884 has been found, so identification of drugs able to increase the expression of these genes is essential when proposing new therapies. We report the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) in increasing @entity6459 and @entity14077 expression. The rationale comes from a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1884 who received a liver transplantation after @entity1578 due to a @entity99 . The liver was transplanted, and the immunosuppressor @entity1140 was used to prevent the rejection. After the first month of @entity1140 treatment, the internal and external @entity8721 , epistaxes, and @entity417 disappeared. Here, we find that the immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases the protein and mRNA expression of @entity6459 and @entity14077 in cultured endothelial cells and enhances the @entity2533 / @entity14077 signaling pathway and endothelial cell functions like tubulogenesis and migration. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of @entity1140 involves a partial correction of @entity6459 and @entity14077 haploinsufficiency and may therefore be an interesting drug for use in @entity1 with @entity1884 who undergo transplantation.

title: Immunosuppressor XXXX increases @entity6459 and activin receptor-like kinase 1 expression and modulates @entity2533 signaling in endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine, among older @entity1 , the risk and independent significant baseline prognostic factors for first-ever @entity64 and MI. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of 4382 community-dwelling older @entity1 (mean age, 75.4  4.2 years) with no history of @entity64 or MI. Baseline data comprised questionnaire responses, clinical measurements, and comorbidity. RESULTS: After a median of 6 years (interquartile range, 5.2-7.2) of follow-up, the overall rate of @entity64 /MI was 2.61 (95% CI, 2.42-2.81) per 100 @entity1 -years. Among major traditional risk prediction variables, only age and smoking were significantly associated with @entity64 /MI. In our final multivariate model, the independent significant predictors of @entity64 /MI were age (HR for age older than 85, 3.18; 95% CI, 2.05-4.93), diastolic blood pressure <70 mm Hg (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18-1.78), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >3 mg/L (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.59), @entity1255 >15 umol/L (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.67), waist-to-hip ratio >1 (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.20-1.18), and fair or poor self-reported health (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19-1.94). A new risk model incorporating these variables performed well compared with the Framingham risk equation (Harrell C of 0.660 versus C of 0.620; integrated discrimination improvement of 1.85%; z=4.95; P<0.001; net reclassification index of 0.08; z=2.0; P=0.023). The model was used to develop an 8- point clinical risk score comprising the independent predictors of @entity64 /MI among this population. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional vascular risk factors did not optimally predict @entity64 /MI among this cohort of community-dwelling older @entity1 . We have constructed a new risk score that requires validation in other data sets.

title: Traditional risk factors for incident cardiovascular events have limited importance in later life compared with the health in XXXX study cardiovascular risk score.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Factors which play a role in the regulation of testicular size in @entity35 were investigated using neonatal animals treated with exogenous gonadotrophins for 2 or 3 weeks, starting on the day after birth. Effects on testis weight and various aspects of the pituitary-testicular axis were evaluated up to the age of 9 weeks. Daily treatment with @entity1 FSH (Metrodin; 0.15 U/g body wt) for 2 or 3 weeks, starting on the first day or 1 week after birth, resulted in enlargement of the testes, increased testicular content of inhibin and a suppression of pituitary and plasma FSH. The relative increase of testis weight decreased after cessation of treatment. Injections of @entity1 FSH combined with administration of @entity1 LH (Pergonal) for 3 weeks, starting on the first day after birth, resulted in larger testes immediately after treatment. In addition, an increased amount of interstitial tissue was observed in these animals. Pituitary and plasma FSH and LH were suppressed after this treatment, while the growth of the accessory sex organs was significantly stimulated. In animals treated with @entity1 FSH during the first 2 or 3 weeks of life, levels of @entity35 FSH in blood samples collected at weekly intervals were significantly suppressed until the animals were killed at the age of 9 weeks. In the animals treated with @entity1 FSH and @entity1 LH, both FSH and @entity251 concentrations were significantly lower than those in control animals between the ages of 4 and 9 weeks. At the age of 9 weeks testicular weights were still higher than those in control animals after these treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of treatment of neonatal XXXX with highly purified FSH alone and in combination with LH on testicular function and endogenous hormone levels at various ages.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Livestock animals have been the assumed source of several @entity1 epidemics in recent years, for example, influenza H1N1, rotavirus G8/G9, and MERS-CoV. Surveillance of novel viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to @entity1 and animal health and to determine any economic impact, for example, @entity177 to thrive. There is a paucity of data regarding detection and characterisation of @entity1902 viruses, particularly novel viruses, in porcines in Ireland. Recently, a number of small novel porcine DNA viruses have emerged globally, for example, torque teno sus virus, porcine bocavirus, and parvoviruses 2 _ 4, and little is known about the biology and potential pathogenicity of these viruses. Bocaparvovirus is a genetically distinct group of viruses which has been recently detected in @entity1 and animals. METHODS: In this study, the presence of @entity1902 viruses ( @entity7414 , porcine circovirus, adenovirus, and porcine bocavirus) was investigated in a selection of archived faecal samples from asymptomatic piglets from a commercial farm in Ireland. A total of 104 specimens were pooled and screened using conventional molecular techniques (PCR and RT-PCR), a subset of specimens (n=44) were then examined individually. Viral diversity was then investigated using statistical and phylogenetic techniques. RESULTS: Initial screening showed a high prevalence of PBoV in this farm, with the formation of three distinct groups in phylogenetic analysis. Other viruses were also investigated in this study with the first report of @entity1485 , PAdV and lineage I G5 RVA in Ireland. Some specimens contained >1 virus, with statistical analysis indicating a strong correlation for @entity325 of PBoV and PAdV on this farm. CONCLUSION: Investigating the diversity of circulating enteric viruses on Irish porcine farms is important to improve the prophylactic tools available and to facilitate the early detection of changes in circulating viruses.

title: Detection and characterisation of novel bocavirus (genus Bocaparvovirus) and XXXX viruses from asymptomatic pigs in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: There is no doubt that the main reason for an internal grauloma is a traumatic event. The @entity130 may be physical or chemical as in the case of caries or coronal pulpectomy. In most of the cases it is diagnosed by hazard or, when in case of @entity174 or mobility, extraction is the only therapy to be performed. If diagnosed in time root canal treatment may be adequate.In the presented case no single specific event could be determined being the cause of this large internal @entity738 extending from the coronal third of the root canal to the whole crown just leaving an eggshell of enamel that fractured and mimicked mobility of the whole tooth to the @entity1 finally causing him to attend the clinic. As the @entity1 presented severe aggressive @entity2521 and mobility of all teeth it first was assumed that @entity2521 was the ethiological reason in this case. Due to secondary @entity130 the front teeth were labially positioned thus probably being exposed to traumatic insults more frequently. Clinically the upper right medial incisor appeared discoloured darkly not showing the typical pink spot. Without any force the coronal part of the right medial incisor could be removed manually and the root was extracted using a periostal extractor. As it was not suitable to leave the @entity1 with a missing tooth in the front the wound was sutured and as a temporary solution the tooth was reconstructed with composite intraorally and fixed to the neighbour teeth adhesively. The histopathology of the internal @entity738 and the crown was investigated.

title: Case report of an internal XXXX investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: 1. The hypothesis tested in this study is that @entity8452 depletes sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) @entity141 loading in suspensions of single adult @entity35 cardiac myocytes by effecting @entity141 release into the myoplasm resulting in an increase in myoplasmic free [ @entity141 ] ([ @entity141 ]i). The latter was monitored by the fluorescent dye, @entity6028 . 2. The competency of the technique to detect s.r. @entity141 release was tested by using @entity5834 to induce @entity141 release. The addition of 5-10 mM- @entity5834 to myocytes loaded with @entity6028 and incubated in a medium containing 1 mM- @entity141 gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, which is interpreted as indicating an increase in [ @entity141 ]i. If the chelating agent @entity4527 is added to the cell suspension 1-5 min prior to the @entity5834 , to a concentration sufficient to decrease extracellular @entity141 to 0.1-0.15 microM, then @entity5834 again gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, indicative of the fact that sarcolemmal @entity141 transport is not necessary for this response. The ionophore @entity1360 also raises [ @entity141 ]i in a transient manner when added after EGTA. The addition of @entity5834 prior to @entity1360 largely diminishes the response to the latter; however, addition of @entity1360 prior to @entity5834 totally abolishes its effect to increase [ @entity141 ]i. This is taken to indicate that the intracellular store which is releasable by @entity5834 --and which presumably reflects the s.r.--is also releasable by @entity1360 : @entity1360 , however, also gives access to another, minor intracellular pool. 3. The plant alkaloid, @entity8452 , at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M, consistently causes a slow and prolonged increase in [ @entity141 ]i when added to cell suspensions incubated with 1 mM-extracellular @entity141 . Under conditions precluding net entry of @entity141 into the cell, viz. 0.1 microM-extracellular @entity141 , @entity8452 causes a more limited, partially reversible, increase in [ @entity141 ]i. 4. When added prior to EGTA, @entity8452 attenuates, or prevents, the subsequent response to @entity5834 : efficacy depends upon the time of pre-incubation (1-10 min) and the concentration of @entity8452 (10(-8) to 10(-6) M). When the response to @entity5834 is largely prevented by @entity8452 , the response to @entity1360 is also severely attenuated, i.e. there is no evidence that @entity8452 causes sequestration of @entity141 within an @entity1360 -sensitive pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX releases calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum in calcium-tolerant @entity35 cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['Ryanodine']


abstract: 1. The hypothesis tested in this study is that @entity8452 depletes sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) @entity141 loading in suspensions of single adult @entity35 cardiac myocytes by effecting @entity141 release into the myoplasm resulting in an increase in myoplasmic free [ @entity141 ] ([ @entity141 ]i). The latter was monitored by the fluorescent dye, @entity6028 . 2. The competency of the technique to detect s.r. @entity141 release was tested by using @entity5834 to induce @entity141 release. The addition of 5-10 mM- @entity5834 to myocytes loaded with @entity6028 and incubated in a medium containing 1 mM- @entity141 gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, which is interpreted as indicating an increase in [ @entity141 ]i. If the chelating agent @entity4527 is added to the cell suspension 1-5 min prior to the @entity5834 , to a concentration sufficient to decrease extracellular @entity141 to 0.1-0.15 microM, then @entity5834 again gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, indicative of the fact that sarcolemmal @entity141 transport is not necessary for this response. The ionophore @entity1360 also raises [ @entity141 ]i in a transient manner when added after EGTA. The addition of @entity5834 prior to @entity1360 largely diminishes the response to the latter; however, addition of @entity1360 prior to @entity5834 totally abolishes its effect to increase [ @entity141 ]i. This is taken to indicate that the intracellular store which is releasable by @entity5834 --and which presumably reflects the s.r.--is also releasable by @entity1360 : @entity1360 , however, also gives access to another, minor intracellular pool. 3. The plant alkaloid, @entity8452 , at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M, consistently causes a slow and prolonged increase in [ @entity141 ]i when added to cell suspensions incubated with 1 mM-extracellular @entity141 . Under conditions precluding net entry of @entity141 into the cell, viz. 0.1 microM-extracellular @entity141 , @entity8452 causes a more limited, partially reversible, increase in [ @entity141 ]i. 4. When added prior to EGTA, @entity8452 attenuates, or prevents, the subsequent response to @entity5834 : efficacy depends upon the time of pre-incubation (1-10 min) and the concentration of @entity8452 (10(-8) to 10(-6) M). When the response to @entity5834 is largely prevented by @entity8452 , the response to @entity1360 is also severely attenuated, i.e. there is no evidence that @entity8452 causes sequestration of @entity141 within an @entity1360 -sensitive pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity8452 releases calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum in calcium-tolerant XXXX cardiac myocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platypnea-orthodeoxia is a relatively uncommon but striking clinical syndrome characterized by @entity1353 and deoxygenation accompanying a change to sitting or standing from a recumbent position. @entity519 early after lung transplant can have multiple etiologies. We report a rare case of persistent @entity519 and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation, as a result of right-to-left interatrial shunt through a @entity4616 , with subsequent resolution of @entity519 after percutaneous closure of the @entity4616 . CASE PRESENTATION: Our 66-year-old Caucasian male @entity1 exhibited a persistent @entity4616 . Persistent @entity4616 produces an intermittent intra-atrial right-to-left shunt and occurs in approximately 25 % of the general population. Although the majority of @entity1 with @entity4616 are asymptomatic, it is believed to act as a pathway for chemicals or thrombi that can result in a variety of clinical manifestations, including @entity64 , @entity2704 , @entity5663 , @entity3126 , and @entity751 . Percutaneous closure of the @entity4616 has been shown to be effective in the case of right-to-left shunting with normal pulmonary arterial pressure, but the indication remains controversial in other situations where pulmonary pressures are not normal. The most common causes of @entity519 immediately after lung transplant include: @entity813 , reperfusion injury, acute @entity1031 , and acute rejection. We report a case of reopening of a @entity4616 after left single-lung transplantation with normal pulmonary pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates that an open @entity4616 leading to massive right-to-left shunting is a possible complication after lung transplant, with significant morbidity, and that it can be treated successfully using a percutaneously placed occlusion device. Through this case report, we aim to improve pre-transplant procedures by demonstrating that a bubble contrast transesophageal echocardiogram can be performed pre-operatively to detect a @entity4616 .

title: Persistent XXXX and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['high-altitude pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['decompression sickness']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine headache']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'Hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures resulting @entity604 challenge the orthopedic surgeon. Orthopedic surgeons in developed countries have the option of choosing vascularized bone transfers, bone transport, allogenic bone grafts, bone graft substitutes and several other means to treat such conditions. In developing countries where such facilities or expertise may not be readily available, the surgeon has to rely on other techniques of treatment. Non-vascularized fibula strut graft and cancellous bone grafting provides a reliable means of treating such conditions in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of six years all @entity1 @entity604 either from @entity130 or oncologic resection were included in the study. Data concerning the type of wound, size of gap and skin loss at @entity5 or @entity174 were obtained from clinical examination and radiographs. RESULT: Ten @entity1 satisfied the inclusion criteria for the study. The average length of the fibula strut is 7 cm, the longest being 15 cm and the shortest 3 cm long. The average defect length was 6.5 cm. Five @entity1 had Gustillo III B open @entity174 . One @entity1 had recurrent @entity2967 of the distal radius and another had a polyostotic bone cyst of the femur, which was later confirmed to be @entity421 . Another had non-union of distal @entity174 with @entity3207 . One other @entity1 had @entity130 to the femur and was initially managed by skeletal traction. The tenth @entity1 had a @entity3330 . All @entity130 @entity1 had measurement of missing segment, tissue envelope assessment, neurological examination, and debridement under general anesthesia with @entity174 stabilization with external fixators or casts. Graft incorporation was 80% in all treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Autologous free, non-vascularized fibula and cancellous graft is a useful addition to the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeon in developing countries attempting to @entity604 , whether created by @entity130 or excision of @entity5 .

title: Use of non-vascularized autologous fibula strut graft in the treatment of segmental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'tibial fractures', 'tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['manage segmental bone loss', 'in segmental bone loss', 'with segmental bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['gunshot injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: In the United States, all @entity1 6 months through 18 years of age are recommended to be vaccinated against @entity683 annually. However, the existing pediatric immunization infrastructure does not have the capacity to vaccinate a high proportion of @entity1 each year. School-located @entity683 vaccination (SLIV) programs provide an opportunity to immunize large numbers of school-age @entity1 . We reviewed the medical literature in order to document the current U.S. experience to benefit future SLIV programs. Published reports or abstracts for 36 SLIV programs were identified, some of which spanned multiple years. The programs immunized between 70-128,228 students. While most programs vaccinated 40-50% of students, coverage ranged from 7-73%. Higher percentages of elementary students were vaccinated compared with middle and high school students. While many programs offered only intranasal vaccine, several programs have successfully used both the intranasal and injectable vaccines. Faculty and staff were immunized in some programs and uptake in this group varied considerably. Students were vaccinated quickly during school hours. Costs, where reported, ranged from approximately  20- 27 per dose delivered, including both vaccine and administration costs. The greatest need for future U.S. SLIV program implementation is the development of a financially sustainable model that can be replicated annually on a national scale.

title: Current experience with school-located XXXX vaccination programs in the United States: a review of the medical literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment-related @entity204 is the primary, noncancer cause of mortality in adult survivors of childhood @entity5 . Early detection of @entity299 may identify a high-risk subset of survivors for early intervention. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of @entity299 in adult survivors of childhood @entity5 . METHODS: Echocardiographic assessment included 3-dimensional (3D) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal and circumferential @entity296 , and diastolic function, graded per American Society of Echocardiography guidelines in 1,820 adult (median age 31 years; range: 18 to 65 years) survivors of childhood @entity5 (median time from diagnosis 23 years; range: 10 to 48 years) exposed to @entity5948 chemotherapy (n  = 1,050), chest-directed radiotherapy (n  = 306), or both (n  = 464). RESULTS: Only 5.8% of survivors had abnormal 3D LVEFs (<50%). However, 32.1% of survivors with normal 3D LVEFs had evidence of @entity299 by global longitudinal strain (28%), American Society of Echocardiography-graded diastolic assessment (8.7%), or both. @entity66 was associated with chest-directed radiotherapy at 1 to 19.9 Gy (rate ratio [RR]: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 1.66), 20 to 29.9 Gy (RR: 1.65; 95% CI:  1.31 to 2.08), and >30 Gy (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.79 to 3.18) and @entity5948 dose > 300 mg/m(2) (RR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31 to  2.26). Survivors with @entity209 were twice as likely to have @entity66 (RR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.28) and abnormal diastolic function (RR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.03) but not abnormal 3D LVEFs (RR:  1.07; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.53). CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 and diastolic function are more prevalent than reduced 3D LVEF and are associated with treatment exposure. They may identify a subset of survivors at higher risk for poor clinical cardiac outcomes who may benefit from early medical intervention.

title: Comprehensive Echocardiographic Detection of Treatment-Related XXXX in Adult Survivors of  Childhood Cancer: Results From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal global longitudinal strain', 'Abnormal global longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac  Dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The project was a nurse-led implementation of a software application, designed to combine clinical and demographic records for a @entity6 education program, which would result in secure, long-term record storage. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Clinical information systems may be prohibitively expensive for small practices and require extensive training for implementation. A review of the literature suggests that the use of simple, practice-based registries offer an economical method of monitoring the outcomes of @entity6 @entity1 . PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The database was designed using a common software application, Microsoft Access. The theory used to guide implementation and staff training was Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory (1995). OUTCOMES: Outcomes after a 3-month period included incorporation of 100% of new clinical and demographic @entity1 records into the database and positive changes in staff attitudes regarding software applications used in @entity6 self-management training. These objectives were met while keeping project costs under budgeted amounts. CONCLUSIONS: As a function of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) researcher role, there is a need for CNSs to identify innovative and economical methods of data collection. The success of this nurse-led project reinforces suggestions in the literature for less costly methods of data maintenance in small practice settings. Ongoing utilization and enhancement have resulted in the creation of a robust database that could aid in the research of multiple clinical issues. IMPLICATIONS: Clinical nurse specialists can use existing evidence to guide and improve both their own practice and outcomes for @entity1 and organizations. Further research regarding specific factors that predict efficient transition of informatics applications, how these factors vary according to practice settings, and the role of the CNS in implementation of such applications is needed.

title: Implementation of customized health information technology in XXXX self management programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare semiexperimentally the pulse oximetry values obtained from a finger on restrained or unrestrained sides of the body. BACKGROUND: The pulse oximeter provides a noninvasive measurement of the @entity26 saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood. One of the procedures most frequently applied to @entity1 in intensive care units is the application of physical restraint. Circulation problems are the most important complication in @entity1 who are physically restrained. Evaluation of @entity26 saturation from body parts in which circulation is impeded or has deteriorated can cause false results. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 30 hospitalized @entity1 who participated in the study voluntarily and who were concordant with the inclusion criteria of the study. @entity1 information and @entity1 follow-up forms were used for data collection. Pulse oximetry values were measured simultaneously using OxiMax Nellcor finger sensors from fingers on the restrained and unrestrained sides of the body. Numeric and percentile distributions were used in evaluating the sociodemographic properties of @entity1 . RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the @entity26 saturation values obtained from a finger of an arm that had been physically restrained and a finger of an arm that had not been physically restrained. The mean @entity26 saturation value measured from a finger of an arm that had been physically restrained was found to be 93.40 (SD, 2.97), and the mean @entity26 saturation value measured from a finger of an arm that had not been physically restrained was found to be 95.53 (SD, 2.38). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that nurses should use a finger of an arm that is not physically restrained when evaluating @entity26 saturation values to evaluate them correctly.

title: Comparison of XXXX saturation values obtained from fingers on physically restrained or unrestrained sides of the body.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: @entity424 are the most common primary @entity4097 , most frequently located near the cauda equina and conus medullaris. We believe that this is the first reported case of a low-grade, nonmyxopapillary (World Health Organization grade 2), intradural, extramedullary @entity424 involving a spinal nerve root. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 87-year-old @entity1 presented with a chief complaint of acute onset of severe right hip and lateral thigh @entity158 . She had baseline chronic @entity1494 , which remained unchanged. Her physical examination was significant for 4/5 strength in her right hip flexion (possibly related to @entity158 ), and 5 beats of clonus bilaterally. She had no point tenderness at the level of her compression @entity174 . Computed tomography of the @entity1 's lumbar spine revealed a well-corticated, chronic compression @entity174 of the L3 vertebral body. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated an ovoid-shaped, 1.5 1-cm, well-circumscribed, intradural, extramedullary lesion at the conus medullaris. The @entity1 underwent an @entity29580 laminectomy with intradural resection of the mass, which was found to be intricately involved with a single nerve root. The nerve root was coagulated and sectioned, and a gross total resection of the @entity5 was achieved. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 tolerated the procedure well, with no complications or any postoperative @entity51 . Her right-sided @entity158 immediately resolved after surgery. Her strength and ambulation were normal after surgery. No adjuvant radiotherapy was offered to the @entity1 . This case illustrates a unique @entity5 presentation and the successful surgical treatment of the condition.

title: XXXX near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'Ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain without midline back pain']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['Extramedullary ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity932 containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be developmental or acquired. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of endoscopic neurosurgery in the management of intracranial CSF cysts. METHODS: In a 7-year period, 64 consecutive @entity1 underwent endoscopic neurosurgery for CSF cysts. Group 1 consisted of 13 @entity1 with acquired cysts; group 2 included 51 @entity1 with @entity245 . In all cases, the cyst walls were fenestrated through small burr holes with frameless guided operative endoscopes. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years (mean, 3.4 years). RESULTS: There were no mortality and no permanent morbidity, apart from a @entity1 (1.6%) who remained neurologically intact but required ventriculoperitoneal shunting because of @entity548 . The planned fenestrations could be performed in all @entity1 except 2, owing to thick, opaque cyst walls. In group 1, 6 @entity1 fully recovered and remained intact throughout the follow-up, whereas 7 improved but had various degrees of @entity16 that were related to their initial diseases. Radiological results were excellent in all cases. In group 2, there were 7 asymptomatic @entity1 who remained unchanged and 44 "symptomatic" @entity1 : 40 (91%) clinically improved, 4 (9%) remained unchanged, and none worsened. Cyst size decreased in 37 @entity1 (74%) and remained unchanged in 13 (26%). CONCLUSION: In this series, @entity1 of different ages, harboring cysts of various sizes and locations, could be satisfactorily treated with endoscopic neurosurgery.

title: XXXX containing cerebrospinal fluid-like fluid: results of endoscopic neurosurgery in a series of 64 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial cysts']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disabilities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental cysts']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity1944 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity19 @entity1312 ( @entity10957 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity10957 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity10957 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity19 conditioned with @entity10957 had a markedly @entity308 @entity1990 expression and increased the expression of @entity9094 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity1379 / @entity26667 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity2047 /interferon-y, and @entity15369 / @entity1750 remained @entity308 , whereas that of @entity1312 / @entity58 reciprocally increased in the @entity19 treated with @entity10957 . Administration of anti- @entity1312 antibody alone or in combination with @entity10957 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity1312 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity9094 and @entity1990 signaling. The administration of @entity1312 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity1312 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: XXXX protects @entity19 intestine from @entity63 and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mouse', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity15369 :: ('15945(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-y-inducible protein (IP)-10']

answer: @entity1312 :: (16163(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Interleukin-13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity1944 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity19 @entity1312 ( @entity10957 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity10957 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity10957 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity19 conditioned with @entity10957 had a markedly @entity308 @entity1990 expression and increased the expression of @entity9094 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity1379 / @entity26667 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity2047 /interferon-y, and @entity15369 / @entity1750 remained @entity308 , whereas that of @entity1312 / @entity58 reciprocally increased in the @entity19 treated with @entity10957 . Administration of anti- @entity1312 antibody alone or in combination with @entity10957 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity1312 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity9094 and @entity1990 signaling. The administration of @entity1312 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity1312 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: @entity1312 protects @entity19 intestine from XXXX and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity1944 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity19 @entity1312 ( @entity10957 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity10957 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity10957 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity19 conditioned with @entity10957 had a markedly @entity308 @entity1990 expression and increased the expression of @entity9094 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity1379 / @entity26667 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity2047 /interferon-y, and @entity15369 / @entity1750 remained @entity308 , whereas that of @entity1312 / @entity58 reciprocally increased in the @entity19 treated with @entity10957 . Administration of anti- @entity1312 antibody alone or in combination with @entity10957 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity1312 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity9094 and @entity1990 signaling. The administration of @entity1312 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity1312 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: @entity1312 protects XXXX intestine from @entity63 and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']