abstract: The expression of large and small intestinal @entity3558 antigens (LIMA and SIMA) was investigated in 30 gastrectomy specimens of @entity189 and in 11 controls resected for various pathologic conditions. One hundred eighty-five samples of normal mucosa, @entity1373 , @entity1944 (types I, II, and III), @entity1141 , and @entity5 were studied to identify phenotypes indicative of premalignant change. Our results showed LIMA and SIMA were not detected in normal gastric epithelium from either control or @entity189 specimens. @entity1 characterized goblet cell @entity3558 in all types of @entity1944 and was not discriminatory between controls and @entity189 groups. On the other hand, LIMA was extensively expressed in columnar and goblet cells in @entity189 (97 per cent) but was absent in controls. There was a crescendo intensity and frequency of LIMA staining in an inverse relation to the degree of cell maturation and differentiation from type I @entity1944 (60 per cent) to type II (85 per cent), type III (100 per cent), and @entity1141 (100 per cent). In contrast, @entity1944 of any type in controls did not show LIMA. The distribution of LIMA seemed to be intimately related to cell differentiation in the proliferative zone at the base of metaplastic glands. @entity189 revealed antigenic phenotype heterogenicity. Our data indicate that LIMA sharpens the diagnosis of @entity1141 , discriminates between reactive and preneoplastic epithelium (particularly within @entity1944 ), and detects abnormal phenotypes that may represent early stages in @entity105 .

title: Expression of intestinal XXXX antigens in the gastric epithelium and its relationship with @entity5 .

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 or provider gender is associated with the number, type, and strength of medications received by emergency department @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity158 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Stanford University Hospital @entity2613 @entity1 : @entity1 18 years and older who arrived at the @entity2613 with a chief complaint of @entity10 , @entity158 between February 1, 1993, and September 30, 1993. Provider @entity1 included medical students, interns, residents, nurse practitioners, and attending physicians. RESULTS: @entity2613 administration of analgesic versus no analgesic, strength of analgesic administered, and administration of multiple medications. The study group consisted of 190 @entity1 , 110 of them female. The @entity1 were evaluated by 84 providers, 60 of them male. According to the providers surveyed, female @entity1 described more @entity158 than did male @entity1 (P < .01) and were perceived by providers to experience more @entity158 (P = .03). Female @entity1 received more medications (P < .01) and were less likely to receive no medication (P = .01). Female @entity1 also received more potent analgesics (P = .03). Linear and logistic regression analysis showed that @entity1 perception of @entity158 was the strongest predictor of the number and strength of medications given; @entity1 gender was not a predictor. CONCLUSION: Female @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity158 describe more @entity158 and are perceived by providers to have more @entity158 than male @entity1 in the @entity2613 . Female @entity1 also receive more medications and stronger analgesics. In this study, severity of @entity1 @entity158 rather than gender stereotyping appeared to correlate most with @entity158 -management practices.

title: Gender-associated differences in emergency department XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'neck pain, or back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Elective lymph node dissection (ELND) for @entity1 with clinically occult metastatic @entity320 in regional lymph nodes has the goal of curing @entity3 with a surgical treatment. This is in contrast to the low probability for surgical cure in @entity1 with clinically detectable lymph node @entity3 . The rationale for elective node dissection is based on a hypothesis that @entity320 metastasizes sequentially via lymph nodes and then to distant sites. A subgroup of @entity320 @entity1 with high risk for regional node micrometastases but low risk for distant micrometastases has been identified from prognostic factors analysis of large @entity1 series, as well as surgical results of nonrandomized clinical trials. However, two nonrandomized surgical trials have failed to show a survival benefit for ELND. These studies were largely performed in female @entity1 with extremity @entity320 and there were limitations that preclude a definitive conclusion. No randomized trials have been conducted involving @entity320 of the trunk or head and neck. Two prospective randomized surgical trials are now being conducted in North America and in Europe. Until the results of these trials are available, physicians are encouraged to enter @entity1 into these ongoing clinical trials or consider ELND in selected @entity1 where the benefit-risk ratio justifies it. Factors to be considered in this decision include intermediate @entity5 thickness (ie, 1 to 4 mm thickness), anatomic site, histology ( @entity1066 and growth pattern), and the risk of the operation in individual @entity1 settings.

title: The role of elective lymph node dissection in XXXX : rationale, results, and controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: As previously reported in acute presentations of @entity1459 , an identifiable characteristic coronary artery lesion has been found in about 70% of cases at coronary arteriography. This takes the form of an eccentrically placed @entity850 with a @entity135 due to one or more overhanging edges or irregular, scalloped borders, or both. To study the evolution of lesions responsible for @entity1459 , coronary artery anatomy and morphology on angiography were evaluated in @entity1 with @entity5749 progressing to @entity1459 . Group I comprised 25 @entity1 with a history of @entity5749 who were restudied after an acute episode of @entity1459 and Group II comprised 21 @entity1 with little or no change in symptoms between catheterizations. Progression of @entity301 occurred in 19 (76%) of 25 @entity1 in Group I compared with 7 (33%) of 21 in Group II (p less than 0.001). Of the 25 lesions with progression in Group I, 17 progressed to less than 100% and 8 to 100% occlusion. Eighteen of these 25 lesions in Group I were previously insignificant (less than 50% occlusion on the first catheterization). In contrast, of the eight lesions with disease progression in Group II, only two were previously insignificant while six showed at least 50% occlusion on the initial study. The eccentric lesion was seen in 71% of all lesions with progression to less than 100% occlusion in Group I, but it was not seen in any Group II vessel with progression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Angiographic evolution of coronary artery morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['narrow neck']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['convex stenosis']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: After brief coronary occlusions, @entity1562 may become "stunned," exhibiting prolonged @entity308 of function despite the absence of @entity39 . Because of the accompanying decline in @entity855 and @entity1708 precursors, a deficiency of energy supply has been proposed as the basis for @entity409 . This study examined whether sufficient functional and metabolic reserve exists in @entity1562 to sustain a prolonged, maximal inotropic response to @entity1425 and postextrasystolic potentiation. In 11 open chest @entity235 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of reflow, repeated 12 times, with a final 1 hour recovery period. Regional myocardial function was measured using pairs of ultrasonic dimension crystals implanted in @entity63 and nonischemic zones. During repetitive reflows a progressive decrease in mean systolic segment shortening occurred: baseline 21.8%, 1st reflow 15.2%, 12th reflow 4.3%, 1 hour recovery 7.9%. Intravenous @entity1425 , titrated to produce a maximal inotropic response, caused segment shortening to increase to 21.6% after 10 minutes and to 24.8% after 1 hour of infusion, despite a 20 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure. The same dose of @entity1425 given before @entity63 increased segment shortening to 30.5%. In six of the @entity235 , postextrasystolic potentiation before @entity63 increased segment shortening from 21.8 to 31.1%, and after 1 hour of recovery from @entity63 , from 7.9 to 24.8%. Lesser increases in segment shortening were also seen in nonischemic segments. The results indicate that @entity1562 possesses considerable functional reserve. @entity7493 are therefore not likely to be the basis for @entity308 function seen at rest in @entity1562 .

title: Reversal of dysfunction in postischemic @entity1562 by XXXX and postextrasystolic potentiation.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['Deficient energy stores']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium', 'stunned myocardium']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: After brief coronary occlusions, @entity1562 may become "stunned," exhibiting prolonged @entity308 of function despite the absence of @entity39 . Because of the accompanying decline in @entity855 and @entity1708 precursors, a deficiency of energy supply has been proposed as the basis for @entity409 . This study examined whether sufficient functional and metabolic reserve exists in @entity1562 to sustain a prolonged, maximal inotropic response to @entity1425 and postextrasystolic potentiation. In 11 open chest @entity235 , the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 5 minutes, followed by 10 minutes of reflow, repeated 12 times, with a final 1 hour recovery period. Regional myocardial function was measured using pairs of ultrasonic dimension crystals implanted in @entity63 and nonischemic zones. During repetitive reflows a progressive decrease in mean systolic segment shortening occurred: baseline 21.8%, 1st reflow 15.2%, 12th reflow 4.3%, 1 hour recovery 7.9%. Intravenous @entity1425 , titrated to produce a maximal inotropic response, caused segment shortening to increase to 21.6% after 10 minutes and to 24.8% after 1 hour of infusion, despite a 20 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure. The same dose of @entity1425 given before @entity63 increased segment shortening to 30.5%. In six of the @entity235 , postextrasystolic potentiation before @entity63 increased segment shortening from 21.8 to 31.1%, and after 1 hour of recovery from @entity63 , from 7.9 to 24.8%. Lesser increases in segment shortening were also seen in nonischemic segments. The results indicate that @entity1562 possesses considerable functional reserve. @entity7493 are therefore not likely to be the basis for @entity308 function seen at rest in @entity1562 .

title: Reversal of dysfunction in postischemic XXXX by @entity1425 and postextrasystolic potentiation.

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['stunned myocardium']


abstract: The @entity29565 is a known cause of foot @entity158 . When symptomatic and conservative measures have failed, surgical intervention may be required. Simple excision of the ossicle or the Kidner procedure with transplantation of tibialis posterior tendon to the undersurface of the navicular bone may be done. Eighteen @entity1 with symptomatic @entity29565 were reviewed at the Singapore General Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery 'O' Unit. All 18 @entity1 had foot @entity158 and restriction of activities. Thirteen noticed a prominence on the medial side of the affected foot and 7 had difficulty with shoe fitting. Nine underwent simple excision of the ossicle while the other 9 had the Kidner procedure done. The average follow-up period was 3.1 years. Both the simple excision and the Kidner procedure were equally successful in relieving symptoms in 15 out of the 18 cases. The Kidner procedure did not confer any particular advantage over simple excision.

title: Surgical treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29565 :: ('MESH:C536002', 'Disease') :: ['accessory navicular']

answer: @entity29565 :: (MESH:C536002,Disease) :: ['accessory navicular']


abstract: Biapenem, formerly LJC 10,627 or @entity23381 , a carbapenem antibiotic, was studied in its interactions with 12 beta-lactamases belonging to the four molecular classes proposed by R. P. Ambler (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 289:321-331, 1980). Kinetic parameters were determined. Biapenem was readily inactivated by metallo-beta-lactamases but behaved as a transient inhibitor of the active-site @entity563 enzymes tested, although with different acylation efficiency values. Class A and class D beta-lactamases were unable to confer in vitro resistance toward this @entity2893 antibiotic. Surprisingly, the same situation was found in the case of class B enzymes from @entity1678 AE036 and @entity5259 5/B/6 when expressed in @entity526 strains.

title: Interactions of biapenem with active-site XXXX and metallo-beta-lactamases.

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: Nerve regeneration across a 10 mm gap through an implanted @entity1346 tube was delayed in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 two and four weeks after transecting the nerve. This experimental metabolic @entity16 resembles @entity3949 in which nerve regeneration is also delayed. Experiments were performed by introducing opposite ends of divided sciatic nerves into close-fitting @entity1346 tubes, leaving a 10 mm gap. Growth of @entity527 across this gap was monitored by electron microscopy performed in sections at regular intervals of 2 mm from proximal to distal stumps. After two weeks some difference was apparent; axons advanced 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 versus 3.5 +/- 1.5 mm in controls. Myelination did not progress beyond 1 mm in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 . Differences were greater between the two groups at four weeks. The growth of axons in @entity3649 @entity35 was 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm versus 9.4 +/- 0.1 mm in control nerves. In addition the size of the regenerating stump was much greater in control @entity35 . Qualitative differences were also noticed during electron microscopic comparison of control and @entity3649 -treated @entity35 . The @entity3986 seen in treated @entity35 had abnormal electron-dense organelles, lamellated bodies, vesicles and tubular structures, as well as numerous glycogen granules. Abnormalities of spatial orientation were also noted. Unlike control axons which grew parallel with the long axis of the tube, regenerating axons in experimental animals were seen deviating from the axis at 90 degrees angles. Both immature sprouts and myelinating axons showed abnormal plasticity. Ultrastructural differences were also noted in Schwann cells, macrophages and vessels.

title: Abnormal nerve regeneration in @entity3649 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neurites']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic axons']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: Nerve regeneration across a 10 mm gap through an implanted @entity1346 tube was delayed in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 two and four weeks after transecting the nerve. This experimental metabolic @entity16 resembles @entity3949 in which nerve regeneration is also delayed. Experiments were performed by introducing opposite ends of divided sciatic nerves into close-fitting @entity1346 tubes, leaving a 10 mm gap. Growth of @entity527 across this gap was monitored by electron microscopy performed in sections at regular intervals of 2 mm from proximal to distal stumps. After two weeks some difference was apparent; axons advanced 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 versus 3.5 +/- 1.5 mm in controls. Myelination did not progress beyond 1 mm in @entity3649 -fed @entity35 . Differences were greater between the two groups at four weeks. The growth of axons in @entity3649 @entity35 was 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm versus 9.4 +/- 0.1 mm in control nerves. In addition the size of the regenerating stump was much greater in control @entity35 . Qualitative differences were also noticed during electron microscopic comparison of control and @entity3649 -treated @entity35 . The @entity3986 seen in treated @entity35 had abnormal electron-dense organelles, lamellated bodies, vesicles and tubular structures, as well as numerous glycogen granules. Abnormalities of spatial orientation were also noted. Unlike control axons which grew parallel with the long axis of the tube, regenerating axons in experimental animals were seen deviating from the axis at 90 degrees angles. Both immature sprouts and myelinating axons showed abnormal plasticity. Ultrastructural differences were also noted in Schwann cells, macrophages and vessels.

title: Abnormal nerve regeneration in XXXX @entity16 .

answer: @entity3649 :: (MESH:D005690,Chemical) :: ['galactose']


abstract: Multiunit and single neuron responses to taste stimuli in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of alert @entity5434 were analyzed. Intensity-response functions, including neural thresholds to @entity413 and @entity4807 @entity5828 , agreed well with psychophysical reports, implying that the @entity5434 and @entity1 share the same dynamic range of sensitivity to prototypical taste stimuli. The NTS is chemotopically organized: neurons most responsive to @entity5828 are more common in the posterior gustatory area, whereas those most responsive to @entity413 and @entity1219 are located in the anterior NTS. Responsiveness to @entity4807 is more widely distributed but tends toward the anterior. Efforts were made to determine if neurons could be divided into a discrete number of types, as determined by their sensitivities to the prototypical stimuli. The clearest distinction was between those that did or did not respond well to @entity5828 . Beyond this, neuronal categories were not obvious. Individual neurons were quite broadly sensitive to our stimulus array, so that, for the typical NTS cell, no one of the four prototypes evoked a majority of the discharges. This extreme breadth of tuning suggests that taste-quality information in the monkey might be incorporated in relative discharge rates across the neuron population. Correlations among patterns of activity to the four prototypical stimuli indicated that only @entity5828 and @entity4807 @entity5828 have closely related taste qualities.

title: Gustatory responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the alert XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys', 'cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity530 ( @entity530 ) carries significant post-operative complication risks including a 4-14  % risk of ileo-anal anastomotic (IAA) leak [1-4]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of disease at the distal resection margin as an independent risk factor for an IAA leak following the @entity530 for @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: A retrospective matched case-control study was undertaken. The distal margin of each subject's specimen was reviewed by a blinded pathologist and the degree of @entity32 was scored using a modified histological activity index (mHAI)-a 0 to 5 graded scale with HAI of 5 representing ulcerations >25  % the depth of bowel wall. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with perioperative IAA leaks (mean 11  days   0.92) were identified and matched for gender, age and year of surgery. The case cohort had 33 males (67  %) of mean age at time of surgery of 36.3  years (  1.42). The severity of @entity32 did not increase the risk of IAA leak. The presence of a diverting ileostomy was associated with a decreased incidence of an IAA leak (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: Studies with greater power will be required to evaluate the association (if any) between histological severity of @entity31 at the distal margin of a @entity530 procedure and IAA leak rate. This risk factor could influence preoperative management and post-operative outcome in @entity1 requiring the @entity530 .

title: Severity of @entity32 as a risk factor for ileo-anal anastomotic leak after a pouch procedure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['PPP', 'pelvic pouch procedure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'distal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity530 ( @entity530 ) carries significant post-operative complication risks including a 4-14  % risk of ileo-anal anastomotic (IAA) leak [1-4]. The aim of this study is to evaluate the severity of disease at the distal resection margin as an independent risk factor for an IAA leak following the @entity530 for @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: A retrospective matched case-control study was undertaken. The distal margin of each subject's specimen was reviewed by a blinded pathologist and the degree of @entity32 was scored using a modified histological activity index (mHAI)-a 0 to 5 graded scale with HAI of 5 representing ulcerations >25  % the depth of bowel wall. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 with perioperative IAA leaks (mean 11  days   0.92) were identified and matched for gender, age and year of surgery. The case cohort had 33 males (67  %) of mean age at time of surgery of 36.3  years (  1.42). The severity of @entity32 did not increase the risk of IAA leak. The presence of a diverting ileostomy was associated with a decreased incidence of an IAA leak (p   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: Studies with greater power will be required to evaluate the association (if any) between histological severity of @entity31 at the distal margin of a @entity530 procedure and IAA leak rate. This risk factor could influence preoperative management and post-operative outcome in @entity1 requiring the @entity530 .

title: Severity of XXXX as a risk factor for ileo-anal anastomotic leak after a pouch procedure in @entity31 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether it is valuable and safe to perform reoperation for @entity704 . Altogether, more than 500 papers were found using the reported search, of which 15 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. This paper includes 1 level 1a study and 15 level 2b studies. The operative mortality was reported in six studies, ranging from 0 to 13.3%, and the operative morbidity in five studies, ranging from 0 to 32.1%. Most @entity1 suffering from operative mortality (5/5) and morbidity (16/19) had @entity1737 . One meta-analysis demonstrated improved rates of long-term overall survival in @entity1 with @entity704 who were treated surgically compared with those treated non-surgically. Ten studies showed better survival after surgical treatment than after non-surgical treatment with the difference being statistically significant in 4 of them. Two studies reported that the prognosis in @entity1 with complete reresection was comparable with that of @entity1 without recurrence. One study found that @entity1 with a thymus-related syndrome improved after re-resection. Another two studies revealed that debulking surgery for @entity704 was associated with poorer survival and worse outcomes than both complete resection and non-surgical therapy. From the papers identified in our search, we can conclude that reoperation can be performed with acceptable morbidity and low mortality in appropriately selected @entity1 with locally and/or regionally @entity704 . Both survival and thymus-related syndromes are improved if the recurrence is surgically resected when compared with other medical treatments. Debulking surgery should be limited to those few selected @entity1 in whom other treatment options are not available. In addition, morbidity and mortality most commonly occur in association with @entity1737 , and hence medical control of this should be optimized prior to reoperation.

title: Is it valuable and safe to perform reoperation for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent thymoma']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['recurrent thymoma']


abstract: The @entity99 Prevention Board (VHPB) believes that stronger action is needed to control @entity1956 . Vaccinating those identified as at 'high risk' has failed to make a significant impact on the epidemiology of the disease. Many @entity1 with @entity1956 do not fall into any of the 'classic' high-risk groups and efforts to reach these groups have been unsuccessful. The VHPB supports the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) that @entity1956 vaccine should be incorporated into national universal vaccination programmes by 1997. The recommendation came initially from the Global Advisory Group of the Expanded Programme on Immunization and was endorsed in 1992 by the World Health Assembly, the governing body of WHO which consists of representatives of all WHO member states. The WHO Working Group on the control of @entity99 in Europe, which met in Munich in 1991, concluded that the routine immunization of @entity1 and adolescents should receive the highest priority. Universal @entity1 and adolescent strategies have their own benefits and drawbacks; the VHPB has looked carefully into the rationale for and against these strategies. The prerequisites for implementing these strategies are discussed. A combined @entity1 and adolescent strategy emerges as having many of the advantages of the individual approach and fewer disadvantages. Universal vaccination is clearly the most effective strategy for preventing @entity1956 . Its timely and successful implementation, even in countries with medium and low prevalence, is a priority. There is no reason why @entity1956 should not follow the success of @entity14333 , polio, diphtheria and measles vaccination.

title: VHPB: summary of strategies and recommendations. XXXX Prevention Board.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'people', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Viral Hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Viral Hepatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Uterine Natural Killer (uNK) cells are key regulators of the placental bed during early placental development and account for 40% of decidual cells. uNK cells have been suggested to play a role in pregnancy complications including @entity5028 , such as @entity1468 . Furthermore uNK cells are involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation, trophoblast invasion and @entity6980 . These temporal processes are essential for normal placentation and may suggest a time dependent role for uNK cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine uNK cell phenotypic changes during early @entity1 placental development. METHODS: uNK cells were isolated from first (7-8 wks, n=6) and second trimester decidual tissue (13-14wks, n=6) by enzymatic digestion and flow sorting, based on uNK cell specific surface marker expression ( @entity2940 (high) @entity4071 -CD3-). Total RNA was isolated and subjected to genome-wide gene expression profiling. Expression patterns were validated by quantitative rt-PCR. RESULTS: Using purified uNK cells we identified 140 transcripts that are differentially expressed between the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Many of these transcripts cluster into promising novel and established NK cell functional characteristics. CONCLUSION: The uNK cell phenotype changes over the course of early pregnancy. We propose that these phenotypic changes of NK cells may be dictated by the "uterine niche" to promote the orderly and precisely timed process of placentation.

title: PP035. Genome-wide expression profile of first and second trimester XXXX uterine natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['maternal placental syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['spiral artery remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between admission serum @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) levels and risk of in-hospital @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing @entity810 in all hospitalized @entity1 with various admission @entity4612 levels. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. All hospitalized adult @entity1 who had admission @entity4612 available from January to December 2013 were analyzed in this study. Admission @entity4612 was categorized based on its distribution into six groups (less than 1.5, 1.5-1.7, 1.7-1.9, 1.9-2.1, 2.1-2.3 and greater than 2.3   @entity4612 /dL). The primary outcome was in-hospital @entity810 occurring after hospital admission. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio of @entity810 of various admission @entity4612 levels using @entity4612 with lowest @entity810 incidence (1.9-2.1   @entity4612 /dL) as the reference group. RESULTS: Of 9241 @entity1 enrolled, @entity810 occurred in 1124 @entity1 (12.2%). The lowest incidence of @entity810 was when serum @entity4612 was within 1.7-1.9 and 1.9-2.1   @entity4612 /dL. A U-shaped curve emerged demonstrating higher incidences of @entity810 associated with both hypoMg (<1.7) and hyperMg (>2.1). After adjusting for potential confounders, both hypoMg (<1.5   @entity4612 /dL) and hyperMg (>2.3   @entity4612 /dL) were associated with an increased risk of developing @entity810 with odds ratios of 1.70 (95% CI 1.31-2.18) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.11-1.81), respectively. CONCLUSION: Both admission hypoMg and hyperMg were associated with an increased risk for in-hospital @entity810 .

title: Admission hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia increase the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: @entity6565 is a major public health problem in the city of Recife in north-eastern Brazil. In some of its urban areas microfilaraemia prevalence reaches 14%. This study describes epidemiological characteristics, @entity281 , in 2 urban areas, Coque and Mustardinha, before control measures were applied. The parasitological survey was performed by a 'door-to-door' census covering 5563 subjects, aged between 5 and 65 years. Microfilaraemia was detected by the thick drop technique, using 45 microL of peripheral blood collected between 20:00 and 24:00. In both areas the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 10%, and males had higher prevalences of @entity281 than females. The prevalence of microfilaraemia was higher in the 15-24 and 25-34 years age groups in both sexes. Most microfilaria (mf) carriers (72.1% in Coque and 79.7% in Mustadrinha) had mf densities < 100/60 microL of blood. Females of reproductive age had significantly lower mf densities than males. The overall disease prevalence in both areas was 6.3%. Amongst the subjects who presented with @entity102 15.7% were microfilaraemic. @entity102 prevalence increased from 1.4% in the 5-14 years age group to 11.3% in the oldest age group. The most frequent clinical manifestation was hydrocele (5.4%), followed by lymphoedema (1.8%). The epidemiological pattern of filariasis in the populations studied was marked by high prevalence of microfilaraemia, low mf density, and relatively low prevalence of @entity66 considering the level of endemicity.

title: XXXX in two urban areas of Recife, Brazil: pre-control observations on @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and disease']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['Bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['filarial disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'Chronic disease']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['Bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: @entity6565 is a major public health problem in the city of Recife in north-eastern Brazil. In some of its urban areas microfilaraemia prevalence reaches 14%. This study describes epidemiological characteristics, @entity281 , in 2 urban areas, Coque and Mustardinha, before control measures were applied. The parasitological survey was performed by a 'door-to-door' census covering 5563 subjects, aged between 5 and 65 years. Microfilaraemia was detected by the thick drop technique, using 45 microL of peripheral blood collected between 20:00 and 24:00. In both areas the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 10%, and males had higher prevalences of @entity281 than females. The prevalence of microfilaraemia was higher in the 15-24 and 25-34 years age groups in both sexes. Most microfilaria (mf) carriers (72.1% in Coque and 79.7% in Mustadrinha) had mf densities < 100/60 microL of blood. Females of reproductive age had significantly lower mf densities than males. The overall disease prevalence in both areas was 6.3%. Amongst the subjects who presented with @entity102 15.7% were microfilaraemic. @entity102 prevalence increased from 1.4% in the 5-14 years age group to 11.3% in the oldest age group. The most frequent clinical manifestation was hydrocele (5.4%), followed by lymphoedema (1.8%). The epidemiological pattern of filariasis in the populations studied was marked by high prevalence of microfilaraemia, low mf density, and relatively low prevalence of @entity66 considering the level of endemicity.

title: @entity6565 in two urban areas of Recife, Brazil: pre-control observations on XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection and disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in blood components may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions and improve component quality. A bottom-and-top system with an integral third-generation WBC-reduction filter has been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood was collected from 30 healthy donors: from 20 by using a blood container system with an integral filter and from 10 controls by using a standard blood container system. Ten test units were buffy coat-depleted, stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C, and then filtered, while an additional 10 test units were buffy coat-depleted and filtered at room temperature within 8 hours of collection. All units were stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days and sampled weekly. RESULTS: The mean WBC content of the 72-hour, 4 degrees C units was 0.33 x 10(6), that of the room-temperature units was 2.6 x 10(6), and that of the buffy coat-depleted controls was 460 x 10(6) (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were found among @entity880 , @entity413 , @entity1372 , @entity972 , and plasma hemoglobin levels in the three groups. @entity855 and 2,3 DPG levels were significantly better preserved in control units than in 72-hour, 4 degrees C units (p = 0.016 and p = 0.032, respectively), but not better than in the room-temperature units. Significant differences were observed between pH values in filtered units and both groups of test units (p = 0.016). In biologic terms however, these differences were small. Red cells from an additional eight healthy volunteer donors were processed by an 8-hour room-temperature method and stored for 35 days. Studies in vivo 24-hour recovery of autologous red cells were performed by transfusing a radiolabeled (51Cr plus 131I-albumin) aliquot after 35 days' storage. Good recovery (mean > 80%) was found by both the single- and double-isotope-label methods. Recovery was significantly greater when calculated by the single-isotope method (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The combination of buffy coat removal and filtration in the blood container system with an integral filter achieved effective WBC reduction (> or = 3 log10 reduction from whole blood) without biologically significant detriment to in vitro or in vivo storage values.

title: Prestorage white cell reduction in saline-adenine- XXXX -mannitol red cells by use of an integral filter: evaluation of storage values and invivo recovery.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity2513 ( @entity17205 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity652 and @entity14 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity1 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity1 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity1127 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity1412 , @entity29 , @entity420 in @entity652 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity3 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity1 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity14 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity1 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity1127 were removed from 2,699 @entity1 (2,994 @entity652 , 1,580 @entity1127 and 236 @entity1127 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity1127 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity1 with @entity1127 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity1 with @entity652 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity1 with @entity1127 and @entity652 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity1127 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity14 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of @entity2513 . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of XXXX ( @entity17205 ) Workgroup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity2513 ( @entity17205 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity652 and @entity14 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity1 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity1 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity1127 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity1412 , @entity29 , @entity420 in @entity652 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity3 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity1 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity14 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity1 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity1127 were removed from 2,699 @entity1 (2,994 @entity652 , 1,580 @entity1127 and 236 @entity1127 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity1127 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity1 with @entity1127 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity1 with @entity652 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity1 with @entity1127 and @entity652 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity1127 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity14 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of XXXX . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of @entity2513 ( @entity17205 ) Workgroup.

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Multicenter Study of @entity2513 ( @entity17205 ) is a retrospective-prospective cohort study involving four Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Units in Italy. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between clinical and pathologic information at index colonoscopy and subsequent incidence of @entity652 and @entity14 . We report the rationale, objectives and methods of the study, including @entity1 characteristics at initial presentation. METHODS: All @entity1 were consecutively identified from the endoscopy registries of the four Centres from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1992. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-69 years, endoscopy performed with adequate toilette at least up to the rectosigmoid junction, and removal of all detectable @entity1127 . Exclusion criteria were: @entity1412 , @entity29 , @entity420 in @entity652 with infiltrated margins, previous @entity3 at any site, colon resection and geographic inaccessibility. RESULTS: Out of 20,071 @entity1 who underwent endoscopy at the four Centres, 11,959 fulfilled the eligibility criteria (5,892 males and 6,067 females, mean age = 51.1 +/- 11.6 years). The main reasons for exclusion were age (n = 4,020) and previous or present @entity14 (n = 2,389). Symptoms were the most common reason for referral (72.3%), while post-polypectomy follow-up and positive fecal occult blood accounted for most of the remaining cases. A pancolonoscopy was performed in 3,088 @entity1 (25.8%), while a left-sided endoscopy was performed in 7,887 (66%). A total number of 4,810 @entity1127 were removed from 2,699 @entity1 (2,994 @entity652 , 1,580 @entity1127 and 236 @entity1127 lost after resection). A significant association (p < 0.001) between age and the endoscopic findings was observed. The subjects without @entity1127 (n = 9,198) had the lowest age (mean = 49.9; 95%CL = 49.6-50.1) followed by the @entity1 with @entity1127 (n = 661; mean age = 52.3; 95%CL = 51.5-53.1), and the @entity1 with @entity652 (n = 1,732; mean age = 56.2; 95%CL = 55.8-56.6), and the @entity1 with @entity1127 and @entity652 (n = 306; mean age = 57.2; 95%CL = 56.3-58.2). @entity1127 were diagnosed more frequently in males than in females (28.6% versus 17.0%; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study provides some insights in the natural history of @entity14 and stresses the need to develop adequate strategies in the follow-up of subjects after either positive or negative colonoscopy.

title: A multicenter study of @entity2513 . Rationale, objectives, methods and characteristics of the study cohort. The Multicentric Study of @entity2513 ( XXXX ) Workgroup.

answer: @entity17205 :: (56616,Gene) :: ['SMAC']


abstract: A reliable evaluation of results of multimodal treatment requires the knowledge of the course of disease in @entity1 treated by surgery alone and of the relevant prognostic factors. The data of a prospective multicentre observation study (Study Group @entity189 , SGCRC) were analyzed by uni- and multivariate methods for the endpoints locoregional recurrence and observed overall survival. 1121 @entity1 with @entity188 are included. In 1056 (94.2%) @entity1 the @entity5 was resected, 34 @entity1 (3.0%) received postoperative adjuvant therapy, 61 @entity1 (5.4%) preoperative and 25 (2.2%) pre- and postoperative radiation. The observed 5-year survival rate for R0 (no @entity41 ) was 55% (95% confidence interval 52-58%), for R1 and R2 only 7% (3-11%). Following R0 resection the 5-year survival rates varied according to pT (74-24%) and pN (68-33%). The 5-year survival was 74% (68-80%) for stage I, 62% (56-68%) for stage II, 40% (35-45%) for stage III and 9% (0-21%) for stage IV. Stage III is prognostically inhomogeneous: @entity3121 : 5-year survival 47% (39-55%), @entity477 , 3: 34% (27-41%) (p < 0.01). The rate of locoregional recurrence is influenced by @entity5 related factors (stage and @entity5 site) and treatment related factors. Local spillage of @entity5 cells, the treating institution and the individual surgeon are independent factors influencing locoregional recurrence. Between locoregional recurrence and observed 5-year survival exists a highly significant correlation. The most important @entity5 related prognostic factors following surgical treatment are @entity41 status (R classification) and anatomic extent as described by pTNM and stage grouping UICC). The treating institution as well as the individual surgeon are further independent "prognostic factors" which determine the frequency of locoregional recurrence and thus survival. In analysis of treatment results the institution and the surgeon should be considered, in studies on adjuvant treatment a stratification according to department and surgeon is needed.

title: Prognostic factors of @entity188 --experience of the German Multicentre Study SGCRC. German Study Group XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Colo-Rectal Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['invasive rectum carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Colo-Rectal Carcinoma']


abstract: A reliable evaluation of results of multimodal treatment requires the knowledge of the course of disease in @entity1 treated by surgery alone and of the relevant prognostic factors. The data of a prospective multicentre observation study (Study Group @entity189 , SGCRC) were analyzed by uni- and multivariate methods for the endpoints locoregional recurrence and observed overall survival. 1121 @entity1 with @entity188 are included. In 1056 (94.2%) @entity1 the @entity5 was resected, 34 @entity1 (3.0%) received postoperative adjuvant therapy, 61 @entity1 (5.4%) preoperative and 25 (2.2%) pre- and postoperative radiation. The observed 5-year survival rate for R0 (no @entity41 ) was 55% (95% confidence interval 52-58%), for R1 and R2 only 7% (3-11%). Following R0 resection the 5-year survival rates varied according to pT (74-24%) and pN (68-33%). The 5-year survival was 74% (68-80%) for stage I, 62% (56-68%) for stage II, 40% (35-45%) for stage III and 9% (0-21%) for stage IV. Stage III is prognostically inhomogeneous: @entity3121 : 5-year survival 47% (39-55%), @entity477 , 3: 34% (27-41%) (p < 0.01). The rate of locoregional recurrence is influenced by @entity5 related factors (stage and @entity5 site) and treatment related factors. Local spillage of @entity5 cells, the treating institution and the individual surgeon are independent factors influencing locoregional recurrence. Between locoregional recurrence and observed 5-year survival exists a highly significant correlation. The most important @entity5 related prognostic factors following surgical treatment are @entity41 status (R classification) and anatomic extent as described by pTNM and stage grouping UICC). The treating institution as well as the individual surgeon are further independent "prognostic factors" which determine the frequency of locoregional recurrence and thus survival. In analysis of treatment results the institution and the surgeon should be considered, in studies on adjuvant treatment a stratification according to department and surgeon is needed.

title: Prognostic factors of XXXX --experience of the German Multicentre Study SGCRC. German Study Group @entity189 .

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['rectum carcinoma']


abstract: @entity18300 is a rare, potentially lethal, autosomal recessive, progressive @entity18299 with characteristic facial and skeletal features. The temporal bone changes include a marked increase in overall size, extensive @entity1463 , narrowing of the external auditory canal, and severe constriction of the internal auditory meatus, fallopian canal, eustachian tube, and @entity2172 . Attenuation of the bony canals of the 9th, 10th, and 11th cranial nerves, reduction in size of the internal carotid artery, and severe obliteration of the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb also occur. Loss of hearing, generally bilateral, is a frequent symptom. It often manifests in early childhood and initially is expressed as sound conduction impairment. Later, a @entity1274 and @entity4237 function often develop. @entity73 is another feature occasionally present at birth. In the beginning, a unilateral intermittent @entity425 may occur which eventually progresses to a bilateral permanent facial paresis. The histologic examination of the temporal bones from a @entity1 with @entity18300 explains the mechanisms involved in the progressive impairment of sound conduction and loss of cochlear, vestibular, and @entity2103 . There is a decrease of the arterial blood supply to the brain and an obstruction of the venous drainage from it. The histopathology reveals the obstacles to decompression of the @entity2172 , ossicular chain, internal auditory and facial canals, and the risks, and in many instances the contraindications, to such procedures. On the other hand, decompression of the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb should be considered as an additional life-saving procedure in conjunction with the prophylactic craniotomy recommended in all adult @entity1 .

title: XXXX involving the temporal bone: histopathologic aspects.

entities_list: @entity18300 :: ('MESH:C537525', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosteosis', 'Sclerosteosis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cleft']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['craniotubular sclerosing bone dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impairment of facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vestibular nerve']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity18300 :: (MESH:C537525,Disease) :: ['Sclerosteosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Distorted anatomy in laryngotracheal pathologies expresses the need to determine a quantitative mean of the distance between the anterior commissure of true vocal folds and the first @entity8276 to better define whether a lesion is in the subglottis or has extended toward the @entity825 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. METHODS: In 40 cadavers, the larynx was exposed with an apron cut. The laryngofissure cut opened the larynx via the lateral aspect so that the anterior commissure was exposed. A needle was passed through the thyroid cartilage to reach the anterior commissure. The second needle was crossed over the first @entity8276 . The distance between the two needles was measured. RESULTS: The mean distance between the anterior commissure of true vocal folds and the first @entity8276 was 26.82      4.28  mm (21.3-42.5  mm) in our subjects. This distance was 27.27      4.45 and 25.05      3.2  mm, in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between this distance with body mass index (BMI), age, and sex. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the anterior commissure and the first @entity8276 in @entity1 with laryngotracheal pathologies helps in determining the best therapeutic plan for @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the Distance Between Anterior Commissure of True Vocal Folds and the First Tracheal Ring and Related Laryngeal Indices in 40 XXXX Cadavers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity62 have been identified frequently in @entity1 with refractory mesial @entity1315 (rMTLE). However, the identification of potential water diffusion abnormalities in @entity1 with drug-responsive, benign MTLE (bMTLE) is still missing. The aim of this study was to identify markers of refractoriness in MTLE. METHODS: The study group included 48 @entity1 with bMTLE (mean age 42.8  +  13.5  years), 38 with rMTLE (mean age 41.7  +  14.1  years) and 54 healthy volunteers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to measure @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a regions-of-interest analysis comprising hippocampi and temporal lobe gray and white matter regions. The presence of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) was assessed using automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. For statistics we used chi-square test; two-tailed, two-sample t-test; and stratified linear regression. RESULTS: The significant demographic differences between the two @entity1 groups were sex (p  =  0.003), duration of @entity302 (p  =  0.003) and @entity410 (p  =  0.0001). In rMTLE, temporal white matter @entity1893 was higher and FA lower, as compared to bMTLE. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC]) showed that FA had an AUC for discriminating @entity1 affected from those unaffected by refractory MTLE of 74.0% (p  <  0.001), a value that was higher than that of temporal @entity1893 (64.0%), hippocampus volume (65.0%), and @entity131 (66.0%). SIGNIFICANCE: We performed DTI measurements in MTLE and found a significant reduction of FA along the white matter of the temporal lobes in rMTLE, suggesting it as a valuable measure of refractoriness in MTLE.

title: XXXX differentiate severe from benign @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'Hs']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['complex febrile convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal and extratemporal white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['White matter abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity62 have been identified frequently in @entity1 with refractory mesial @entity1315 (rMTLE). However, the identification of potential water diffusion abnormalities in @entity1 with drug-responsive, benign MTLE (bMTLE) is still missing. The aim of this study was to identify markers of refractoriness in MTLE. METHODS: The study group included 48 @entity1 with bMTLE (mean age 42.8  +  13.5  years), 38 with rMTLE (mean age 41.7  +  14.1  years) and 54 healthy volunteers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed to measure @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a regions-of-interest analysis comprising hippocampi and temporal lobe gray and white matter regions. The presence of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) was assessed using automated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. For statistics we used chi-square test; two-tailed, two-sample t-test; and stratified linear regression. RESULTS: The significant demographic differences between the two @entity1 groups were sex (p  =  0.003), duration of @entity302 (p  =  0.003) and @entity410 (p  =  0.0001). In rMTLE, temporal white matter @entity1893 was higher and FA lower, as compared to bMTLE. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy (area under the receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve [AUC]) showed that FA had an AUC for discriminating @entity1 affected from those unaffected by refractory MTLE of 74.0% (p  <  0.001), a value that was higher than that of temporal @entity1893 (64.0%), hippocampus volume (65.0%), and @entity131 (66.0%). SIGNIFICANCE: We performed DTI measurements in MTLE and found a significant reduction of FA along the white matter of the temporal lobes in rMTLE, suggesting it as a valuable measure of refractoriness in MTLE.

title: @entity62 differentiate severe from benign XXXX .

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Following the treatment of the first @entity1120 @entity1 with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), it was clear that ERT had the potential to be transformative with dramatic improvements in systemic manifestations of the disease within 2 years. Following over 20 years existence of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry and evidence from    6000 @entity1 , the long-term effects of therapy have been documented. It has been shown that ERT can result in improvements in all clinical and laboratory parameters of @entity66 . However, different aspects of the disease, such as hematologic parameters, organ volumes and @entity79 do not necessarily respond to therapy at the same rate or to the same extent, and this has had major implications for disease monitoring and for the establishment of therapeutic goals for ERT. Response may be affected by factors such as the timing of therapy initiation, the presence of irreversible complications such as @entity2530 , and by enzyme dose. It is also apparent that ERT has no impact on neurological aspects of disease and highlights the need for additional or alternative treatment strategies able to meet the needs of @entity1 with @entity66 . Am. J. Hematol. 90:S19-S24, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Long-term treatment outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonneuronopathic disease', 'neuronopathic disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: Fibrinolytic therapy has been reported as a limited @entity3224 in limb salvage. It is allegedly fraught with complications and pitfalls; however, the usage of low-dose streptokinase has never totally been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of low-dose streptokinase in @entity432 . Nineteen @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) with an average age of 68 years (range 37 to 79 years) and a total of 22 limbs under study were treated with low-dose streptokinase (initial intravenous dose of 10,000 units and a subsequent dose of 5,000 to 10,000 units/hour) for 1 to 3 days. Seven of the @entity1 underwent further operative intervention and four underwent angioplasty. Seven @entity1 had @entity6 controlled by insulin. Results were assessed clinically by angiography and by noninvasive measurement of distal pressure. Within 30 days of low-dose streptokinase therapy, four @entity1 died from a @entity583 that was thought to be part of their total disease process. Limited salvage occurred in 19 of 22 limbs at risk. Ten @entity1 (12 extremities) underwent subsequent balloon angioplasty or bypass surgery. There were three amputations. One @entity1 received a below-knee amputation rather than an expected above-knee amputation, one had a below-knee amputation, and one had an above-knee amputation. In all cases, the patency or lack thereof was confirmed by angiography. The mean ankle to brachial pressure indices increased from 0.07 +/- 0.15 to 0.64 +/- 0.14 after therapy. There were no prolonged hospital stays due to complications in any of the @entity1 . Selective infusions of low-dose streptokinase lyse thrombi, open collaterals, and provide an opportunity for extended surgery and angioplasty, increasing limb salvage without the risks of @entity1003 and @entity548 that may occur in full-dose thrombolysis.

title: Selective management of XXXX with low-dose streptokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusion']


abstract: HLA typing for the A, B, C, and D locus antigens was performed on 65 @entity1 with @entity7271 and on 558 controls living in the Los Angeles area. The @entity1 were divided into several categories. These included Jewish and non-Jewish @entity1 , @entity1 with only mucous membrane involvement, only skin or both mucous membrane and skin involvement, and those with a single-episode or recurrent disease. Depending on the highest titer of anti-intercellular cement substance antibody titer, the @entity1 were categorized into those whose titers were 0-80, 160-320, and 640 or greater. A statistically increased incidence of HLA-A25, HLA-B38, and HLA- @entity4107 antigens was observed in @entity1 compared to controls. This incidence was significantly higher in Jewish compared to non-Jewish @entity1 . The correlations were insignificant in the group with an antibody titer of 0-80, but significant in those with a titer of 160-320, and even more significant in those with titers greater than 640. No significant differences were present between @entity1 who had a single-episode or recurrent disease or in those that had only mouth or only skin involvement. In all categories tested, the association was stronger with @entity4107 than with A26 or B38. @entity4107 was present equally in B38-positive and B38-negative @entity1 . The primary association of @entity7271 may be with the @entity4107 antigen, and it may be a marker for the severity of the disease.

title: Association of XXXX with pemphigus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

answer: @entity4107 :: (3126,Gene) :: ['DR4']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri underwent 40 optic nerve sheath fenestrations for relief of @entity227 . Twenty @entity1 and eight @entity1 underwent 16 unilateral fenestrations and 12 bilateral operations. @entity1829 disappeared or was strikingly reduced in 24 of 28 @entity1 . The other four @entity1 had gliotic discs (two @entity1 ) or were followed up for only a short time. Visual acuity improved in 12 of 40 eyes and remained the same in 22 of 40 eyes. Seventeen eyes had preoperative visual acuity of 20/30 or better. In six eyes visual acuity decreased. Of eight eyes operated on that had visual acuity of 20/200 or worse, only three showed improvement. Visual fields improved in 21 of 40 eyes and remained the same in ten eyes. Five of the ten eyes that did not change had poor vision before surgery. Eight eyes in five @entity1 continued to lose acuity postoperatively. Each of these eight eyes had a concomitant loss of visual field. An additional two eyes developed @entity227 with preserved visual acuity. The indications for surgery are early evidence of progressive @entity227 in a @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri. Severe @entity1018 presents little opportunity for improvement but fenestration may be used in a last effort to preserve or restore vision.

title: Results of optic nerve sheath fenestration for XXXX cerebri. The lateral orbitotomy approach.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['loss of visual field or acuity', 'visual field loss', 'visual loss or to preserve vision']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['Papilledema']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['pseudotumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on cognitive function was studied in 87 @entity1 with @entity302 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group A: (n = 52) started AED treatment ( @entity2049 , @entity2051 , @entity1092 , @entity109 or @entity3174 ). Group B: (n = 27) had AED monotherapy withdrawn ( @entity2049 or @entity1092 ). Group C: (n = 8) was switched from @entity3174 to @entity2049 monotherapy. The @entity1 were tested before and 4 months after change of the treatment. RESULTS: In group A the test performances were in general unchanged. @entity1 who had their drug treatment withdrawn (group B) and the @entity1 who were switched from @entity3174 to @entity2049 (group C) improved in single tests. The predominant changes in performance seem to be due to practice effect. CONCLUSION: Cognitive functions are only minimally influenced by AEDs after short-term treatment whereas there is a slight improvement after discontinuation of long-term administration of @entity2049 and @entity1092 . A lack of practice effect might be the first indicator of a negative effect of AED on cognitive function.

title: Cognitive function and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of monotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'sodium-valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate T lymphocyte subsets in pelvic and paraortic lymph nodes, in @entity1 with FIGO @entity1204 at different degrees of @entity3 and with lymphovascular space invasion. The aim was to define an eventual modulation of regional immune reactivity useful in the therapeutic approach of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with FIGO stage I endometroid adenocarcinoma were consecutively recruited and selected for immunological study. All the @entity1 underwent primary surgery characterized by radical hysterectomy (Piver's type III) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systematic pelvic plus paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Lymphocyte tipization was performed by Beckton Dickinson monoclonal antibodies ( @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2940 and @entity4071 ) immunohistochemically in frozen-sections (immune assay on lymph nodes). For statistical evaluations. Student's t test and one way analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Significantly higher percentages of @entity404 + lymphocytes were found in pelvic than in paraaortic lymph nodes; however, by analyzing T lymphocyte content in the different pelvic nodal groups, we also observed significantly higher percentages of @entity4071 + and @entity2940 + cells in obturator nodes when compared to iliac stations. A significant increase of @entity4071 + and @entity2940 + cell percentages was then defined with respect to myometrial involvement and lymphovascular space invasion, in pelvic nodes. CONCLUSIONS: From our results, we could not define any clinical importance of nodal lymphocyte distribution in @entity1 with early stage @entity1204 ; however, the observed nodal immune reactivity in presence of @entity3 seems interesting, with or without lymph vascular space involvement as possible expression of neoplastic systemic diffusion.

title: Nodal immune reactivity in FIGO (International Federation of Gyn-Ob) @entity1204 : relationship with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'stage I endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['myometrial invasion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate T lymphocyte subsets in pelvic and paraortic lymph nodes, in @entity1 with FIGO @entity1204 at different degrees of @entity3 and with lymphovascular space invasion. The aim was to define an eventual modulation of regional immune reactivity useful in the therapeutic approach of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with FIGO stage I endometroid adenocarcinoma were consecutively recruited and selected for immunological study. All the @entity1 underwent primary surgery characterized by radical hysterectomy (Piver's type III) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and systematic pelvic plus paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Lymphocyte tipization was performed by Beckton Dickinson monoclonal antibodies ( @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2940 and @entity4071 ) immunohistochemically in frozen-sections (immune assay on lymph nodes). For statistical evaluations. Student's t test and one way analysis of variance were used. RESULTS: Significantly higher percentages of @entity404 + lymphocytes were found in pelvic than in paraaortic lymph nodes; however, by analyzing T lymphocyte content in the different pelvic nodal groups, we also observed significantly higher percentages of @entity4071 + and @entity2940 + cells in obturator nodes when compared to iliac stations. A significant increase of @entity4071 + and @entity2940 + cell percentages was then defined with respect to myometrial involvement and lymphovascular space invasion, in pelvic nodes. CONCLUSIONS: From our results, we could not define any clinical importance of nodal lymphocyte distribution in @entity1 with early stage @entity1204 ; however, the observed nodal immune reactivity in presence of @entity3 seems interesting, with or without lymph vascular space involvement as possible expression of neoplastic systemic diffusion.

title: Nodal immune reactivity in FIGO (International Federation of Gyn-Ob) XXXX : relationship with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Stage I endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Coxsackievirus B infection may cause @entity879 in the neonate. In most reports the prominent symptoms have been recognized as @entity2401 and @entity5422 , and a majority were caused by type B2 to B5. Coxsackie B1 was a rare cause. From December 1993 to April 1994 three newborns were admitted to this Hospital with similar presentations of acute @entity99 and @entity882 . Coxsackie B1 virus was isolated from all at one or two sites including rectal swab, throat swab and urine. One fatal case had had symptoms from birth; the disease progressed rapidly initially with a strikingly high liver enzyme; @entity1576 was noted; @entity810 then happened later and the baby expired in two weeks. The other two @entity1 survived, though one also had severe fulminant @entity99 . In that case onset of the disease was late at 28 days old. The other's clinical course was mild from the beginning. @entity2401 or central nervous system involvement were apparently not the significant presentations. Because the three babies all came from areas near this city (Chung-Ho and Pan-Chiao), attention should be drawn to the prevalence of coxsackie B1 virus infection in the total community.

title: Neonatal coxsackievirus B1 infection associated with severe XXXX : report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant disease']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: Vagal nerve stimulation of the isolated @entity840 oesophagus resulted in a triphasic contractile response which was abolished by @entity1022 . The mechanisms for each of the three responses were investigated. The first response was abolished by the neuromuscular blocking drug, @entity2899 , and was unaffected by @entity3897 . The second response to vagal nerve stimulation was abolished by the ganglion blocking drug, @entity4033 , and by @entity2899 at a higher concentration than that required to block the first response. The second response was also abolished by @entity3897 and was enhanced by @entity2607 . It was concluded that this response was due to preganglionic stimulation of smooth muscle. @entity42187 GVIA selectively inhibited the third response. This response was resistant to the neuromuscular and ganglion blocking drugs yet was abolished by @entity3897 and was enhanced by @entity2607 . This implicates the involvement of cholinergic neurones activated independently of nicotinic ganglionic receptors. The third response was also selectively abolished by @entity2951 and enhanced by @entity12064 . Contractile responses resulting from exogenous substance P were abolished by @entity3897 and @entity1022 and enhanced by @entity2607 . These findings suggest that the third response may be mediated by the action of a substance P-like neuropeptide released from sensory nerve endings which subsequently activate cholinergic neurones.

title: Vagal nerve stimulation of the XXXX oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity12064 :: ('MESH:D015244', 'Chemical') :: ['thiorphan']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity42187 :: ('MESH:D020960', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-Conotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['tubocurarine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity263 is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 761 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was @entity263 @entity204 . Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 @entity1 who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), @entity6585 (-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), @entity6585 (-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57),   (2)=89.0, @entity6585 (-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which @entity1 can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.

title: Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting XXXX from @entity263 in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity263 is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 761 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was @entity263 @entity204 . Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 @entity1 who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), @entity6585 (-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), @entity6585 (-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57),   (2)=89.0, @entity6585 (-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which @entity1 can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.

title: Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting @entity204 from XXXX in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity221 causation are common in Africa. This article reports an investigation of some clinical correlates of @entity1 who believe that their problem has a spiritual cause. A cross-sectional survey of random attenders at primary health care clinics and traditional medical practitioners ( @entity1597 ) in Harare (n = 302) was performed. Interviews included eliciting of explanatory models, indigenous and etic @entity146 measures. @entity221 were held by half the subjects. @entity1 who hold this model had higher levels of @entity146 and were more likely to have a @entity1032 as judged by the @entity1 , care provider and @entity146 measures. The symptoms of such @entity1 resemble the construct of @entity148 . Such @entity1 are more likely to consult @entity1597 and to have a @entity102 . @entity221 may represent an indigenous model to explain the distressing symptoms of nonpsychotic @entity1032 . Including them in training of primary health care providers may improve the recognition of @entity1032 .

title: Spiritual distress: an indigenous model of nonpsychotic XXXX in primary care in Harare, Zimbabwe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Spiritual models of illness']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cryolipolysis is a non-invasive, safe, and effective treatment for localized fat reduction. @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) is a rare adverse effect in which @entity1 develop painless, firm, and well-demarcated tissue masses in the treatment areas approximately 3-6 months following cryolipolysis. The incidence of @entity1373 has been estimated at 0.0051% or 1 in 20,000 treated @entity1 . We report two cases of @entity1373 seen in our practice, which may suggest the incidence is greater than previously reported. STUDY DESIGN/ @entity1 AND METHODS: A 44-year-old @entity1 underwent cryolipolysis for unwanted fat in the pectoral region. At 4 month follow-up, the @entity1 had well-demarcated tissue growth in the treatment areas. He elected to undergo additional cryolipolysis treatment to the areas. Two months later, he was found to have further tissue growth in the treatment areas. The @entity1 then underwent corrective treatment with liposuction. A 52-year-old @entity1 underwent cryolipolysis for unwanted lower abdominal fat. At one year follow-up, he had a well-demarcated, subcutaneous mass on the lower abdomen corresponding to the treatment site. The @entity1 elected to undergo corrective treatment with liposuction. Adipose tissue samples from the treated and non-treated areas, for control, were collected, processed, and stained to evaluate cellularity and tissue structure. RESULTS: In our practice, the incidence of @entity1373 is 0.47% or 2 in 422 cryolipolysis treatments. This is 100 times greater than the device manufacturer's reported incidence. Histopathologic examination of the subcutaneous tissue mass showed an increased number of adipocytes, @entity82 , and scar tissue in the treated areas when compared to controls. No lipoblasts, a marker of malignant neoplastic proliferation, were identified on the histopathologic examination of the affected tissues. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity1373 is likely underreported. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action. By understanding the pathogenesis, this rare adverse effect may be avoided, or even utilized as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of @entity6561 . Lasers Surg. Med.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX secondary to cryolipolysis: An underreported entity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia', 'PAH']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6561 :: ('MESH:C562448', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or acquired lipodystrophy']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity1723 and @entity174 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity6 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity174 risk in @entity1 with @entity1723 in comparison with @entity1 without @entity6 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity174 events among 27 300 @entity1 with @entity1723 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity174 events among 4 364 125 @entity1 without @entity6 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1723 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity174 , respectively, compared with @entity1 without @entity6 . The pooled relative risks of @entity173 and @entity174 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity1 with @entity1723 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 might have an increased risk of any @entity174 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity174 : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type 1 diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity1723 and @entity174 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity6 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity174 risk in @entity1 with @entity1723 in comparison with @entity1 without @entity6 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity174 events among 27 300 @entity1 with @entity1723 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity174 events among 4 364 125 @entity1 without @entity6 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1723 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity174 , respectively, compared with @entity1 without @entity6 . The pooled relative risks of @entity173 and @entity174 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity1 with @entity1723 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 might have an increased risk of any @entity174 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: @entity1723 and risk of XXXX : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Two thirds of @entity1 hospitalized to rule out @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are eventually found to have a non- @entity583 diagnosis, whereas 2% to 8% of @entity1 with @entity583 are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. @entity5632 has been shown to increase within 2 to 3 hours of @entity296 . This study evaluates the usefulness of @entity5632 in acute @entity662 . Serial blood samples were obtained from 89 suspected @entity583 @entity1 evaluated in the emergency department. Testing included @entity908 kinase (CK), a @entity908 kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and @entity5632 . Twenty five of 89 @entity1 (28%) had a diagnosis of @entity583 . The sensitivity of @entity5632 for the detection of @entity583 was 56% at the time of admission and 100% 2 hours after admission. Thirteen of 25 @entity583 @entity1 (52%) had a positive @entity5632 before increases in CK or CK-MB, including one @entity1 discharged from the emergency department. More importantly, the negative predictive value for @entity5632 at the time of admission was 83% and was 100% two hours after admission. This potential for 100% predictability in excluding @entity583 by the use of serial @entity5632 determinations will be very helpful in the correct triage of @entity1 presenting with acute @entity662 .

title: XXXX in the early evaluation of acute @entity662 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity5632 :: (4151,Gene) :: ['Myoglobin']


abstract: Two thirds of @entity1 hospitalized to rule out @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are eventually found to have a non- @entity583 diagnosis, whereas 2% to 8% of @entity1 with @entity583 are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. @entity5632 has been shown to increase within 2 to 3 hours of @entity296 . This study evaluates the usefulness of @entity5632 in acute @entity662 . Serial blood samples were obtained from 89 suspected @entity583 @entity1 evaluated in the emergency department. Testing included @entity908 kinase (CK), a @entity908 kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), and @entity5632 . Twenty five of 89 @entity1 (28%) had a diagnosis of @entity583 . The sensitivity of @entity5632 for the detection of @entity583 was 56% at the time of admission and 100% 2 hours after admission. Thirteen of 25 @entity583 @entity1 (52%) had a positive @entity5632 before increases in CK or CK-MB, including one @entity1 discharged from the emergency department. More importantly, the negative predictive value for @entity5632 at the time of admission was 83% and was 100% two hours after admission. This potential for 100% predictability in excluding @entity583 by the use of serial @entity5632 determinations will be very helpful in the correct triage of @entity1 presenting with acute @entity662 .

title: @entity5632 in the early evaluation of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the evolution of T1 in @entity5 and the necessity of baseline T1 (T1 (0)) mapping for the accurate estimation of kinetic parameters during standard therapy using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI in @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 (HGG). METHODS: Longitudinal DCE-MRI was performed in 23 @entity1 (196 scans) with confirmed HGG. Kinetic parameters were derived from the extended Tofts model and analyzed both using fixed and pixel-wise T1 (0) values estimated from a Look-Locker sequence. Median @entity5 T1 value from all scans was used for fixed T1 (0) analysis. @entity734 of accurate T1 (0) mapping for the estimation of the kinetic parameters was further investigated through computer simulations and histogram analysis. RESULTS: T1 in @entity5 increased significantly during and after treatment (P < 0.001). There was a linear correlation between the error in 1/T1 (0) and the resulting error in estimated parameters in both simulations and clinical data (r(2) >0.98 for all parameters). A strong correlation between the estimated longitudinal change in all kinetic parameters obtained using pixel-wise and fixed T1 (0) was observed (r(2) > 0.84 for all parameters). Histogram analysis revealed a linear change (r(2) > 0.62) in K(trans) normalized histogram peak height ratio as function of percentage deviation from the nominal T1 (0) value. No effect of T1 (0) histogram distribution on K(trans) was observed (P = 0.52). CONCLUSION: Temporal changes in the median kinetic parameters in @entity5 were equally well described using pixel-wise and fixed T1 (0) despite an increase in T1 (0) over time, suggesting that T1 mapping is not generally required in DCE-MRI based monitoring of @entity11 @entity1 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:97-104.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: T1 in high-grade XXXX and the influence of different measurement strategies on parameter estimations in DCE-MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']