abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular system associated morbidity and mortality. We studied the possible association between the histopathological changes of the @entity453 and the risk of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) using autopsy cases. METHODS: We performed an autopsy analysis (n   =   13, 4 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 mean age 67.5 years; age range 56-93 years) of @entity1164 which occurred in @entity1 aged over 50 years during March 2010 to December 2013. The following variables were considered: sex, age, medical history, autopsy findings to macroscopic and histological evaluation of the heart. The autopsies were performed according to standard techniques. In all subjects, the heart was dissected following standard autopsy protocol and a 5 cm section of the right coronary artery (RCA) in the atrio-ventricular groove from its origin, a 5 cm segment of the left anterior descending artery (LADA) distal to the origin of the circumflex artery, but including the region of origin of the circumflex branch and left coronary artery (LCA) from its origin till the circumflex branch were excised, dissected out, fixed in 10  % @entity406 , marked for identification and sent for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: @entity731 were identified in 6.5  % of specimens, 69.34  % of males and 30.66  % of female. Such plaques were typically concentric and more represented with @entity39 , @entity730 , @entity165 crystals, and giant cells, as well as had a higher inflammatory cell count. Furthermore, intima and media thickness of coronary arteries were significantly higher in studied specimens with visualize the connective tissue layers of the adventitia and the @entity844 containing adipose cells in the periadventitial tissue. Furthermore, the degree of @entity75 of @entity731 increased proportionally with the increase in the intensity of lipid deposition and with the percentage of collagen in the @entity731 . CONCLUSION: In this study, age estimate to be a risk factor for @entity453 in individuals more than 50 years old and may be used to predict @entity1164 . Altogether, an enhanced understanding of the pathobiologic processes responsible for @entity731 changes might allow for early identification of a high-risk coronary plaque and thereby provide a rationale for innovative diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies for the management of coronary @entity1 and prevention of @entity1187 .

title: A histopathological analysis of the epidemiology of XXXX : an autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic lesion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of mediators that can be produced by smooth muscle and endothelial cells on growth responses in isolated arteries. Segments of carotid and renal arteries, denuded of endothelium, were isolated from adult @entity35 and studied during tissue culture in the presence of @entity3352 . Three days of culture in the presence of serum stimulated DNA synthesis in the media. During long-term culture new layers of cells developed at the borders of the arterial segments. Medial DNA synthesis depended less on serum than extramedial cell proliferation. During moderate stimulation, @entity664 and @entity1827 enhanced and interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta reduced medial DNA synthesis, whereas @entity2135 , platelet-derived growth factor AA, platelet-derived growth factor BB, and @entity1808 were without effect. Of these factors, only @entity1827 stimulated extramedial cell proliferation. In addition, serum-stimulated but not @entity664 -stimulated medial DNA synthesis was less marked in arteries that had not been denuded of endothelium than in ee-endothelialized arteries. Differences between preparations with and without endothelium persisted in the absence of @entity534 and in the presence of an inhibitor of @entity842 synthase. These observations confirmed that DNA synthesis in the arterial media and extramedial cell proliferation are influenced by different factors. They further indicated that endothelial modulation of medial DNA synthesis does not seem to involved endothelium-derived @entity2918 , @entity842 , or interleukin-1 and that it can be blunted by @entity664 .

title: Effects of candidate autocrine and paracrine mediators on growth responses in isolated XXXX arteries.

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the frontal plane position of the ground reaction force vector at its centre of pressure under the hoof of walking @entity1641 , and its projection through the distal limb joints, and to relate this to hoof geometric measurements. METHODS: Reflective markers were glued to the forelimb hooves and skin of 26 @entity1641 , over palpable landmarks representing centres of the coffin, fetlock and @entity2720 , and the dorsal toe at its most distal point. A 4-camera kinematic system recorded the position of these markers as the @entity1641 walked in hand across a force platform, to generate a frontal plane representation of the ground reaction force vector passing between the markers at the joints. The position of the vector was calculated as the relative distance between the lateral (0%) and medial (100%) markers at each joint. @entity29311 were taken of the hoof in frontal and sagittal views to determine hoof geometric measurements. Associations between these and the position of the force vector at each joint were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Mean vector position for both forelimbs at the toe, coffin, fetlock and carpal joint was 50.1 (SD 8.9), 53.0 (SD 9.2), 54.6 (SD 11.4) and 50.5 (SD17.3)%, respectively, of the distance between the lateral and medial sides of the joint in the frontal plane. Across all four joints, the vector position was slightly more medial (2-4%) for the right than left limb (p>0.05). Medial hoof wall angle was correlated (p<0.05) with force vector position at the fetlock (r=-0.402) and carpal (r=-0.317) joints; lateral hoof wall angle with vector position at the toe (r=0.288) and carpal (r=-0.34) joint, and medial hoof wall height with vector position at the fetlock (r=-0.306) and carpal (r=-0.303) joints. CONCLUSION: The position of the two-dimensional frontal plane ground reaction force vector at the toe, and at the fetlock and @entity2720 was associated with hoof shape. Mediolateral hoof balance has been shown in vitro to affect articular forces, which may be a factor in development of @entity2720 . The effect of hoof shape needs to be evaluated at @entity11583 to determine the potential for @entity130 in the presence of larger forces.

title: Associations between hoof shape and the position of the frontal plane ground reaction force vector in walking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29311 :: ('MESH:D054039', 'Disease') :: ['Digital photos']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease', 'carpal joints']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['faster gaits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['joint injury']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for @entity1 life. Gut microbial metabolism of choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which upon absorption by the host is converted in the liver to @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Recent studies revealed that @entity66 exacerbates @entity731 in @entity19 and positively correlates with the severity of this disease in @entity1 . However, which microbes contribute to TMA production in the @entity1 gut, the extent to which host factors (e.g., genotype) and diet affect TMA production and colonization of these microbes, and the effects TMA-producing microbes have on the bioavailability of dietary choline remain largely unknown. We screened a collection of 79 sequenced @entity1 intestinal isolates encompassing the major phyla found in the @entity1 gut and identified nine strains capable of producing TMA from choline in vitro. Gnotobiotic @entity19 studies showed that @entity66 accumulates in the serum of animals colonized with TMA-producing species, but not in the serum of animals colonized with intestinal isolates that do not generate TMA from choline in vitro. Remarkably, low levels of colonization by TMA-producing bacteria significantly reduced choline levels available to the host. This effect was more pronounced as the abundance of TMA-producing bacteria increased. Our findings provide a framework for designing strategies aimed at changing the representation or activity of TMA-producing bacteria in the @entity1 gut and suggest that the TMA-producing status of the gut microbiota should be considered when making recommendations about choline intake requirements for @entity1 . IMPORTANCE: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 and disability worldwide, and increased @entity66 ( @entity66 ) levels have been causally linked with @entity65 development. This work identifies members of the @entity1 gut microbiota responsible for both the accumulation of trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of the proatherogenic compound @entity66 , and subsequent decreased choline bioavailability to the host. Understanding how to manipulate the representation and function of choline-consuming, TMA-producing species in the intestinal microbiota could potentially lead to novel means for preventing or treating @entity731 and choline @entity942 .

title: Intestinal microbiota composition modulates choline bioavailability from diet and accumulation of the proatherogenic metabolite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['trimethylamine-N-oxide', 'TMAO', 'trimethylamine N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency-associated diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['trimethylamine-N-oxide']


abstract: The dynamic periphery of unstimulated, preaggregation, hunger-stage @entity4328 amoebae was investigated by time-lapse videomicroscopy and digital image processing. Circular maps (i.e. of each of 360 radii around the cell transformed upon Cartesian coordinates) were constructed around the centroid of individual cell images and analysed in time series. This novel technique generated spatiotemporal structures of various degrees of order in the maps, which resemble classical wave interference patterns. The patterns thus demonstrate that cell movement is not random and that cells are intrinsically vibrating bodies, transited by self-organized, superpositioned, harmonic modes of @entity717 ( @entity717 ). These waves appear to depend upon spatiotemporal oscillations in the physicochemical reactions associated with actin polymerization, and they govern pseudopodial movements, cell shape and locomotion generally. @entity717 in this case are unrelated to the @entity1919 -regulated oscillations, which characterize later, aggregative populations of @entity4328 . However, the exposure of aggregation-stage cells to a pulse of the chemoattractant @entity1919 induces a characteristic sequence of changes in the global cellular concentration and spatiotemporal distribution of fibrillar (F-)actin. This reaction begins with what appears to be a phase resetting of @entity717 and it may, therefore, underlie the cellular perception of and response to chemotactic signals. We also develop here an analytical mathematical description of @entity717 , and use it to simulate cell movements accurately.

title: The locomotion, shape and pseudopodial dynamics of unstimulated XXXX cells are not random.

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum', 'Dictyostelium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotating oscillatory waves', 'ROWS']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic-AMP']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in @entity1 with new-onset @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study of @entity1 with incident @entity309 included in the Epidemiological Investigation of @entity309 study. Cases with @entity1187 were identified using Swedish national health registers and matched with up to 5 controls without @entity1187 , based on incidence density-based sampling. Information on potential exposures (clinical disease activity, serologic features, genetic markers, comorbidities, pharmacotherapies, and sick leave) was collected from medical charts and register-based sources. RESULTS: We identified 138 cases and 624 controls. Smoking, history of @entity583 , and >50 days of sick leave the year following @entity309 onset were associated with an increased risk of @entity1187 . Area under the curve measurements of C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and global health in the upper tertile during the first year and the complete followup period were both strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity1187 . Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not alter the @entity1187 risk, nor did the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) or shared epitope alleles, whereas high anti-citrullinated protein antibody ( @entity7134 ) levels were borderline significantly associated with @entity1187 risk. CONCLUSION: In this study of risk factors for @entity1187 in incident @entity309 , clinical markers of inflammatory activity, disease activity, and total number of days of sick leave and disability pension during the first year following @entity309 onset were identified as @entity1187 risk factors. We found no association with RF, which was previously linked to @entity65 risk in @entity309 , but there was a borderline significant association with high @entity7134 levels.

title: Risk factors for the rapid increase in risk of acute coronary events in @entity1 with new-onset XXXX : a nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in @entity1 with new-onset @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study of @entity1 with incident @entity309 included in the Epidemiological Investigation of @entity309 study. Cases with @entity1187 were identified using Swedish national health registers and matched with up to 5 controls without @entity1187 , based on incidence density-based sampling. Information on potential exposures (clinical disease activity, serologic features, genetic markers, comorbidities, pharmacotherapies, and sick leave) was collected from medical charts and register-based sources. RESULTS: We identified 138 cases and 624 controls. Smoking, history of @entity583 , and >50 days of sick leave the year following @entity309 onset were associated with an increased risk of @entity1187 . Area under the curve measurements of C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and global health in the upper tertile during the first year and the complete followup period were both strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity1187 . Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not alter the @entity1187 risk, nor did the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) or shared epitope alleles, whereas high anti-citrullinated protein antibody ( @entity7134 ) levels were borderline significantly associated with @entity1187 risk. CONCLUSION: In this study of risk factors for @entity1187 in incident @entity309 , clinical markers of inflammatory activity, disease activity, and total number of days of sick leave and disability pension during the first year following @entity309 onset were identified as @entity1187 risk factors. We found no association with RF, which was previously linked to @entity65 risk in @entity309 , but there was a borderline significant association with high @entity7134 levels.

title: Risk factors for the rapid increase in risk of acute coronary events in XXXX with new-onset @entity309 : a nested case-control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reported outcome measures are an important component of the evidence for health technology appraisal. Their incorporation into cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) requires conversion of descriptive information into utilities. This can be done by using bespoke utility algorithms. Otherwise, investigators will often estimate indirect utility models for the @entity1 -reported outcome measures using off-the-shelf utility data such as the EQ-5D or SF-6D. Numerous modeling strategies are reported; however, to date, there has been limited utilization of Bayesian methods in this context. In this article, we examine the relative advantage of the Bayesian methods in relation to dealing with missing data, relaxing the assumption of equal variances and characterizing the uncertainty in the model predictions. METHODS: Data from a large @entity1582 trial were used to examine the relationship between scores in each of the 19 domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-C30/QLQ-MY20 and the EQ-5D utility. Data from 1839 @entity1 were divided 75%/25% between derivation and validation sets. A conventional ordinary least squares model assuming equal variance and a Bayesian model allowing unequal variance were estimated on complete cases. Two further models were estimated using conventional and Bayesian multiple imputation, respectively, using the full data set. Models were compared in terms of data fit, accuracy in model prediction, and characterization of uncertainty in model predictions. CONCLUSIONS: Mean EQ-5D utility weights can be estimated from the EORTC QLQ-C30/QLQ-MY20 for use in CEAs. Frequentist and Bayesian methods produced effectively identical models. However, the Bayesian models provide distributions describing the uncertainty surrounding the estimated utility values and are thus more suited informing analyses for probabilistic CEAs.

title: Use of Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods to Estimate EQ-5D Utility Scores from EORTC QLQ Data in XXXX for Use in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Myeloma']


abstract: Introduction. Although several intercalary reconstructions after resection of a lower extremity @entity3478 are reported, there are no optimal methods which can provide a long-term reconstruction with fewest complications. We present the outcome of reconstruction using a devitalized autograft and a vascularized fibula graft composite. Materials and Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of 11 @entity1 (7 males, 4 females; median age 27 years) undergoing reconstruction using a devitalized autograft (pasteurization (n = 6), deep freezing (n = 5)) and a vascularized fibula graft composite for lower extremity malignant @entity3478 (femur (n = 10), tibia (n = 1)). Results. The mean period required for callus formation and bone union was 4.4 months and 9.9 months, respectively. Four @entity260 occurred in 3 @entity1 : 2 @entity281 (1 pasteurized autograft, 1 frozen autograft) and 1 @entity174 and 1 implant failure (both in pasteurized autografts). Graft removal was required in 2 @entity1 with @entity281 . The mean MSTS score was 81% at last follow-up. Conclusions. Although some complications were noted in early cases involving a pasteurized autograft, our novel method involving a combination of a frozen autograft with a vascularized fibula graft and rigid fixation with a locking plate may offer better outcomes than previously reported allografts or devitalized autografts.

title: Intercalary reconstruction after wide resection of malignant XXXX of the lower extremity using a composite graft with a devitalized autograft and a vascularized fibula.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone tumors']


abstract: One characteristic neuropathological feature of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is profound @entity528 in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the major source of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. Clinically, anticholinergic activity causes a decline in cognitive function and increases the risk of @entity303 , thus possibly enhancing @entity195 pathologies and @entity179 . Until now there has been insufficient @entity1 neuropathological data to support this conclusion. Experimental studies using a @entity13859 @entity19 model demonstrated anticholinergics enhanced tau pathology and @entity179 corresponding to central anticholinergic activity. Additionally, @entity8124 , a cholinesterase inhibitor, ameliorated tau pathology and @entity179 in the same @entity19 model. These results indicate the balance between cholinergic and anticholinergic activities might affect @entity179 . Importantly, @entity179 observed in the @entity19 model seemed to correspond to the distribution of microglial activation, and it was reported that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathomechanism of @entity195 , while anticholinergic activity augments inflammatory responses. Moreover, some studies indicated b-amyloid itself depletes cholinergic function similarly to anticholinergic activity. Thus, anticholinergic activity might initiate and/or accelerate @entity195 pathology. Limited @entity1 data support the conclusion that anticholinergic activity enhances @entity195 -related neuropathology and @entity179 . However, experimental data from a @entity13859 @entity19 model indicated anticholinergic activity might enhance @entity179 with enhanced neuroinflammation including microglial activation.

title: Does Anticholinergic Activity Affect Neuropathology? Implication of Neuroinflammation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: Adult adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were found to hold great promise for use in bone tissue repair and regeneration. The present study aims to improve the osteogenesis of ADSCs by Superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO), which is widely used in tissue imaging. In this study, adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . The proliferation rates of ADSCs labeling with or without SPIO were assessed by using @entity3460 assay. The osteogenic capability was examined by employing the @entity6032 activity detection kit. The mineralization of cells was determined by staining with Alizarin red S. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the cell apoptosis treated with or without SPIO. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was utilized to detect the @entity6037 , Opn, Ocn and @entity6032 genes in the cells. The results indicated that SPIO could promote @entity35 ADSCs proliferation and reduce @entity35 ADSCs apoptosis. Also, SPIO could significantly enhance the @entity6032 and @entity622 staining of ADSCs in -SPIO group and +SPIO group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we also found that the expression of @entity6037 , Opn, Ocn and @entity6032 was significantly increased after SPIO treatment compared to the un-treated cells (P < 0.01). In conclusion, SPIO could promote the osteogenic differentiation of @entity35 adipose-derived stem cells, which would also become a great potential therapeutic tool in bone tissue engineering.

title: Superparamagnetic XXXX promotes osteogenic differentiation of @entity35 adipose-derived stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['Iron Oxide']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: Adult adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were found to hold great promise for use in bone tissue repair and regeneration. The present study aims to improve the osteogenesis of ADSCs by Superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO), which is widely used in tissue imaging. In this study, adipose-derived stem cells were harvested from 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . The proliferation rates of ADSCs labeling with or without SPIO were assessed by using @entity3460 assay. The osteogenic capability was examined by employing the @entity6032 activity detection kit. The mineralization of cells was determined by staining with Alizarin red S. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the cell apoptosis treated with or without SPIO. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was utilized to detect the @entity6037 , Opn, Ocn and @entity6032 genes in the cells. The results indicated that SPIO could promote @entity35 ADSCs proliferation and reduce @entity35 ADSCs apoptosis. Also, SPIO could significantly enhance the @entity6032 and @entity622 staining of ADSCs in -SPIO group and +SPIO group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we also found that the expression of @entity6037 , Opn, Ocn and @entity6032 was significantly increased after SPIO treatment compared to the un-treated cells (P < 0.01). In conclusion, SPIO could promote the osteogenic differentiation of @entity35 adipose-derived stem cells, which would also become a great potential therapeutic tool in bone tissue engineering.

title: Superparamagnetic @entity1933 promotes osteogenic differentiation of XXXX adipose-derived stem cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have variable clinical courses and therapeutic outcomes. Survival time after diagnosis of @entity3 may be several months to years. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine prognostic factors for survival in @entity3557 with @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of @entity3557 with @entity3 after 10 years of follow-up. The study population consisted of 70 @entity1 who underwent initial thyroidectomy before 2004 and had @entity3 beyond the locoregional neck area. Of these 70 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3 before or within 9 months after initial thyroidectomy in first radioactive iodide (I) whole-body scintigraphy (group A), and 30 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3 during the follow-up period (group B). @entity1 with @entity3 underwent 3.7 to 7.4 GBq I therapy every 6 to 12 months. After a mean follow-up period of 10.1  0.9 years, the disease-specific mortality and remission rates were 70.0% (49/70) and 10% (7/70), respectively. The survival rates for @entity1 in groups A and B were 72.5% and 96.7% at 1 year, 47.5% and 90.0% at 5 years, 40.0% and 70.0% at 10 years, 36.4% and 41.1% at 15 years, and 35.0% and 8.0% at 20 years, respectively. The percentage of male and older @entity1 and @entity1 with larger @entity5 size was higher in the mortality group than in the survival group, whereas the percentage of @entity1 with I avid metastatic lesions (first @entity3 ) was lower in the mortality group. The percentage of @entity1 with secondary primary @entity5 was higher in group B than in group A. In the multiple regression analysis, age and male gender were independently associated with disease-specific mortality. In conclusion, after a mean follow-up of 10.1 years, the disease-specific mortality rate for @entity3557 with @entity3 was 70.0%. Older @entity1 and male @entity3557 @entity1 with @entity3 need more aggressive treatment. The timing of @entity3 diagnosis did not influence disease-specific mortality.

title: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Therapeutic Outcomes for @entity3557 With Distant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have variable clinical courses and therapeutic outcomes. Survival time after diagnosis of @entity3 may be several months to years. Long-term follow-up is necessary to determine prognostic factors for survival in @entity3557 with @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of @entity3557 with @entity3 after 10 years of follow-up. The study population consisted of 70 @entity1 who underwent initial thyroidectomy before 2004 and had @entity3 beyond the locoregional neck area. Of these 70 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3 before or within 9 months after initial thyroidectomy in first radioactive iodide (I) whole-body scintigraphy (group A), and 30 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3 during the follow-up period (group B). @entity1 with @entity3 underwent 3.7 to 7.4 GBq I therapy every 6 to 12 months. After a mean follow-up period of 10.1  0.9 years, the disease-specific mortality and remission rates were 70.0% (49/70) and 10% (7/70), respectively. The survival rates for @entity1 in groups A and B were 72.5% and 96.7% at 1 year, 47.5% and 90.0% at 5 years, 40.0% and 70.0% at 10 years, 36.4% and 41.1% at 15 years, and 35.0% and 8.0% at 20 years, respectively. The percentage of male and older @entity1 and @entity1 with larger @entity5 size was higher in the mortality group than in the survival group, whereas the percentage of @entity1 with I avid metastatic lesions (first @entity3 ) was lower in the mortality group. The percentage of @entity1 with secondary primary @entity5 was higher in group B than in group A. In the multiple regression analysis, age and male gender were independently associated with disease-specific mortality. In conclusion, after a mean follow-up of 10.1 years, the disease-specific mortality rate for @entity3557 with @entity3 was 70.0%. Older @entity1 and male @entity3557 @entity1 with @entity3 need more aggressive treatment. The timing of @entity3 diagnosis did not influence disease-specific mortality.

title: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Therapeutic Outcomes for XXXX With Distant @entity3 .

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to clarify the distinctions in the clinical characteristics and outcomes between early- and late-onset severe @entity55 after renal transplantation requiring ICU admission. METHODS: The data were retrospectively collected in consecutive renal recipients with severe @entity55 from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013, in a tertiary ICU. We classified the @entity1 according to the time of @entity55 onset as follows: early-onset severe @entity55 (E-SP) corresponded to a @entity358 occurring during the first year following the transplantation, and late-onset severe @entity55 (L-SP) corresponded to a @entity358 occurring after the first year following the transplantation. RESULTS: In the E-SP @entity1 , fungi (42.1%) and viruses (31.6%) were the most common pathogens. Twenty-three (71.9%) @entity1 received non-invasive ventilation (NIV), 15 (65.2%) of whom were intubated. The median duration of the ICU and hospital stays was 11    5 and 19    4 days, respectively. In the L-SP @entity1 , bacteria (42.1%) and viruses (26.3%) were the predominant pathogens. Four of 15 (26.7%) @entity1 failed NIV treatment. The median duration of the ICU and hospital stays was 9    3 and 16    3 days, respectively. The ICU mortality among the E-SP @entity1 was 18.8% (6 of 32), compared with 7.1% (2 of 28) in the L-SP group (P = 0.264). CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset severe @entity55 in renal transplant recipients resulted in a more serious condition, higher rate of NIV failure, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and increased length of ICU and hospital stays.

title: Early- and late-onset severe XXXX after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the efficacy and safety of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (cTACE) in combination with bevacizumab or a placebo in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in a randomized controlled double-blind phase II trial. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained prior to inclusion. A total of 40 @entity1 (20 @entity1 per group, all 18 years or older) with histologically confirmed early- or intermediate-stage @entity157 and @entity1 -Pugh class A or B @entity82 were scheduled for inclusion. The primary endpoint was radiologic progression at 12 months according to European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria. Secondary endpoints were safety and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). @entity1 underwent cTACE with @entity632 and intravenous administration of a placebo (cTACE-C) or bevacizumab (cTACE-B) (5 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 2 weeks for 52 weeks. After the first TACE procedure, TACE was repeated twice in 4-week intervals if indicated and technically feasible and on demand thereafter. Statistical analyses were performed with statistical software. P < .05 indicated a significant difference. Results Thirty-two @entity1 were recruited between January 2006 and December 2009 (29 male, three female; mean age, 61 years    8 [standard deviation]; Barcelona Clinic @entity96 stage A, n = 4; Barcelona Clinic @entity96 stage B, n = 28; predominant cause, @entity285 [n = 15]; @entity1 -Pugh class A disease, n = 22; @entity1 -Pugh class B disease, n = 10; 16 @entity1 received bevacizumab; 16 @entity1 received a placebo). @entity1 underwent a median of three TACE cycles and received 13 infusions of bevacizumab versus 11 infusions of the placebo before the trial was stopped prematurely for safety reasons. Severe (grade 3-5) septic (n = 8 vs n = 3) and vascular (n = 9 vs n = 0) side effects were observed almost exclusively in the cTACE-B group. Median survival was worse in the cTACE-B group than in the cTACE-C group (5.3 vs 13.7 months; hazard ratio [HR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8, 3.6; P = .195) and reached significance in @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh class A @entity82 (7.3 vs 26.5 months; HR, 2.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 6.6; P = .049). The primary endpoint was not met, since there was no difference in radiologic response between the groups at 3, 6, or 12 months. Conclusion No improvement in radiologic @entity5 response or @entity1349 was observed in @entity1 with @entity157 who received cTACE and bevacizumab, but severe and even lethal septic and vascular side effects occurred. Thus, bevacizumab cannot be recommended as an adjuvant treatment to cTACE. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : A Phase II Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial of Transarterial Chemoembolization in Combination with Biweekly Intravenous Administration of Bevacizumab or a Placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) is a common procedure in adults with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). Implantable dual lumen Vortex (DLV) ports can be used for @entity4085 in @entity1 with poor peripheral venous access. We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity4085 procedures performed in adults with @entity3458 . The main objective of the study was to compare the inlet speed, duration of procedures and rate of complications performed through DLV ports to those performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters. Twenty-nine adults with @entity3458 underwent a total of 318 @entity4085 procedures. Twenty adults had DLV ports placed and 218 procedures were performed using DLV ports. Mean length of follow-up after DLV port placement was 397        263 days. Six DLV ports were removed due to infection and 1 for malfunction after a mean of 171        120 days. Compared to temporary central venous and peripheral catheters, DLV port procedures had a greater rate of procedural complications, a longer duration, and a lower inlet speed (all P   <   0.01). When accounting for the maximum allowable inlet speed to avoid @entity1792 @entity137 , 40% of DLV port procedures were greater than 10% below maximum speed, compared to 7 and 14% of procedures performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters (P   <   0.0001). In conclusion, DLV ports can be used for @entity4085 in adults with @entity3458 , albeit with more procedural complications and longer duration. The smaller internal diameter and longer catheter of DLV ports compared to temporary central venous catheters likely accounts for the differences noted. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Use of a dual lumen port for automated red cell exchange in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['RCE', 'Red cell exchange']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Definitive endoderm (DE) is a vital precursor for internal organs such as liver and pancreas. Efficient protocol to differentiate @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to DE is essential for regenerative medicine and for modeling diseases; yet, poor cell survival during DE differentiation remains unsolved. In this study, our use of @entity4788 supplement in modified differentiation protocols has led to a substantial improvement. We used an @entity13050 -enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter hESC line to compare and modify established DE differentiation protocols. Both total live cell numbers and the percentages of eGFP-positive cells were used to assess differentiation efficiency. Among tested protocols, three modified protocols with serum-free @entity4788 supplement were developed to generate a high number of DE cells. Massive cell death was avoided during DE differentiation and the percentage of DE cells remained high. When the resulting DE cells were further differentiated toward the pancreatic lineage, the expression of pancreatic-specific markers was significantly increased. Similar high DE differentiation efficiency was observed in H1   hESCs and iPSCs through the modified protocols. In @entity4788 components, bovine serum albumin was found to facilitate DE differentiation and cell survival. Using our modified DE differentiation protocols, satisfactory quantities of quality DE can be produced as primary material for further endoderm lineage differentiation.

title: Improvement of Cell Survival During XXXX Pluripotent Stem Cell Definitive Endoderm Differentiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence is lacking to recommend one diet over another when treating @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). OBJECTIVES: To obtain preliminary data, comparing the impact of a low-glycaemic load (LGL) vs. @entity258 ( @entity258 ) diet on biochemical hyperandrogenism in overweight and @entity28 adolescents with @entity3610 . To ascertain feasibility of recruiting study @entity1 , in partnership with an adolescent clinic, and implementing dietary interventions. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial of 19 overweight and @entity28 adolescents with @entity3610 and not using hormonal contraceptives (HCs). Interventions comprised nutrition education, dietary counselling and cooking workshops to foster adherence to a LGL (45% @entity1735 , 35% fat, 20% protein) or @entity258 (55% @entity1735 , 25% fat, 20% protein) diet over 6 months. Serum bioavailable @entity251 was the primary outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen (LGL, n   =   7; @entity258 , n   =   9) @entity1 completed the study. Body fat percentage decreased (P   <   0.05) in response to the interventions, with no difference between the LGL and @entity258 groups (-1.2% vs. -2.2%; P   =   0.16). Bioavailable @entity251 did not change for either group (-0.4 vs. -1.8   ng   dL(-1) ; P   =   0.35). Regarding feasibility, recruiting adolescents posed a challenge, and use of HCs was a main reason for ineligibility. @entity1 attended 5.9 of 6 in- @entity1 visits and 2.6 of 3 cooking workshops, completed 4.9 of 6 telephone counselling calls, and reported high satisfaction with the diets and cooking workshops (>= 8 on a 10-cm scale). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions were beneficial for weight control but did not attenuate biochemical hyperandrogenism. Innovative strategies are needed to recruit adolescents for studies aimed at assessing independent effects of diet on features of @entity3610 .

title: A randomized pilot study of dietary treatments for XXXX in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low @entity7784 ( @entity8393 )/ @entity1426 (AA) ratio is known to be associated with cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been examined thoroughly. This study examined the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). METHODS: We evaluated 59 @entity1187 @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention using OCT. We divided them into 2 groups according to OCT findings-those with and without thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA)-and compared the @entity8393 /AA ratio between the groups. RESULTS: We identified 32 and 27 @entity1 with and without TCFA, respectively. The @entity8393 /AA ratio was significantly lower in @entity1 with TCFA than in those without TCFA [0.35, interquartile range (0.21-0.44) vs. 0.54, interquartile range (0.42-0.70); p<0.001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the @entity8393 /AA ratio was an independent predictor of TCFA (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.007-0.99; p=0.049). The @entity8393 /AA ratio and fibrous cap thickness showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman   =0.46; p<0.001). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an @entity8393 /AA ratio<0.46 could predict TCFA (81.3%, sensitivity; 74.1%, specificity). CONCLUSIONS: A low serum @entity8393 /AA ratio is significantly associated with coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: Low XXXX to @entity1426 ratio is associated with thin-cap @entity1856 determined by optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low @entity7784 ( @entity8393 )/ @entity1426 (AA) ratio is known to be associated with cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been examined thoroughly. This study examined the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). METHODS: We evaluated 59 @entity1187 @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention using OCT. We divided them into 2 groups according to OCT findings-those with and without thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA)-and compared the @entity8393 /AA ratio between the groups. RESULTS: We identified 32 and 27 @entity1 with and without TCFA, respectively. The @entity8393 /AA ratio was significantly lower in @entity1 with TCFA than in those without TCFA [0.35, interquartile range (0.21-0.44) vs. 0.54, interquartile range (0.42-0.70); p<0.001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the @entity8393 /AA ratio was an independent predictor of TCFA (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.007-0.99; p=0.049). The @entity8393 /AA ratio and fibrous cap thickness showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman   =0.46; p<0.001). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an @entity8393 /AA ratio<0.46 could predict TCFA (81.3%, sensitivity; 74.1%, specificity). CONCLUSIONS: A low serum @entity8393 /AA ratio is significantly associated with coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: Low @entity7784 to XXXX ratio is associated with thin-cap @entity1856 determined by optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low @entity7784 ( @entity8393 )/ @entity1426 (AA) ratio is known to be associated with cardiovascular events. However, the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been examined thoroughly. This study examined the relationship between the @entity8393 /AA ratio and coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). METHODS: We evaluated 59 @entity1187 @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention using OCT. We divided them into 2 groups according to OCT findings-those with and without thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA)-and compared the @entity8393 /AA ratio between the groups. RESULTS: We identified 32 and 27 @entity1 with and without TCFA, respectively. The @entity8393 /AA ratio was significantly lower in @entity1 with TCFA than in those without TCFA [0.35, interquartile range (0.21-0.44) vs. 0.54, interquartile range (0.42-0.70); p<0.001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the @entity8393 /AA ratio was an independent predictor of TCFA (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.007-0.99; p=0.049). The @entity8393 /AA ratio and fibrous cap thickness showed a significant positive correlation (Spearman   =0.46; p<0.001). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an @entity8393 /AA ratio<0.46 could predict TCFA (81.3%, sensitivity; 74.1%, specificity). CONCLUSIONS: A low serum @entity8393 /AA ratio is significantly associated with coronary plaque vulnerability assessed by OCT in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: Low @entity7784 to @entity1426 ratio is associated with thin-cap XXXX determined by optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['fibroatheroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer control of partial nephrectomy for high-risk localized @entity1358 is unclear. To assess whether @entity6841 provides adequate @entity5 control in @entity66 ( @entity14318 ), survival outcomes were compared in both a population-based cohort and an institutional cohort. METHODS: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and a prospectively maintained institutional database were queried for @entity1 with @entity1358 who underwent @entity6841 or RN for a localized @entity5  <=7  cm and were found to have @entity14318 ( @entity14318 ). Cancer-specific (CSS) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were primary outcomes measured and were compared between those who underwent @entity6841 and RN using multivariable Cox proportional hazards and propensity analysis. RESULTS: The population cohort consisted of 12,757 (24.9  %) @entity1 with @entity14318 , 85.2 and 14.8  % of which underwent RN and @entity6841 , respectively. RN was not associated with CSS (HR 1.23, p  =  0.08) but was independently associated with poor @entity1349 (HR 1.16, p  =  0.031). Propensity analysis showed that RN resulted in a 20  % increased risk of death from all causes (p  =  0.008). In the institutional cohort, of 317 @entity1 , 35.9  % had @entity14318 , 56 and 52 of which underwent RN and @entity6841 , respectively. Adjusting for age-adjusted Charlson index, RN was a predictor of poor @entity1349 (OR 6.20, p  =  0.041). Propensity analysis showed that @entity1349 and @entity1349 were not related to nephrectomy type (RN HR 0.65, p  =  0.627 and RN HR 1.70, p  =  0.484). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with pathologic high-risk @entity1358 , partial excision is associated with similar @entity5 control as compared to radical excision.

title: Cancer control of partial nephrectomy for high-risk localized XXXX : population-based and single-institutional analysis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['high-risk disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14318 :: ('MESH:D007573', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade and/or high-stage disease', 'HRD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: From July 1988 through September 1993, 30 neonates with symptomatic @entity215 underwent complete repair. Sixteen @entity1 had tetralogy and @entity849 , 9 had @entity1146 , 3 had @entity358 , and 2 had both @entity1146 and @entity358 . The median age at operation was 11 days (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 12.6 +/- 2.9 days), with a mean weight of 3.1 +/- 0.1 kg (range 1.5 to 4.4 kg). Preoperatively, 14 @entity1 were receiving an infusion of prostaglandin, 13 were mechanically ventilated, and 6 required inotropic support. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was managed by a limited transannular patch in 25 @entity1 , infundibular muscle division with limited resection in 15, and insertion of a right ventricle-pulmonary artery valved aortic homograft conduit in 5 @entity1 . Follow-up was complete at a median interval of 24 months (range 1 to 62 months). There were no hospital @entity204 and two late @entity204 , for 1-month, 1-year, and 5-year actuarial survivals of 100%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. The hazard function for @entity204 had a rapidly declining single phase that approached zero by 6 months after the operation. Both late @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with @entity215 and @entity1146 who had undergone aortic homograft conduit reconstruction, so that the only independent risk factor for @entity204 was the use of a valved homograft conduit (p < or = 0.005). Eight @entity1 required reoperation, resulting in 1-month, 1-year, and 5-year freedom from reoperation rates of 100%, 93%, and 66%, respectively. Indications for reoperation were branch left @entity849 in 5 @entity1 , residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 2 @entity1 , and severe @entity338 in 1 @entity1 . Independent risk factors for reoperation included an intraoperative pressure ratio between the right and left ventricles of 0.75 or greater (p = 0.01), Doppler residual left @entity849 of 15 mm Hg or more, or Doppler right ventricular outflow tract obstruction gradient of 40 mm Hg or more at hospital discharge (p = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). This series demonstrates the safety of early hemodynamic repair of symptomatic @entity215 in neonates. It also emphasizes the importance of relieving all sources of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction at the initial operation, particularly that located at the site of insertion of the ductus arteriosus, which may be difficult to diagnose in the neonate before ductal closure occurs. The safety and efficacy of valved aortic homograft conduits in neonates requires further investigation.

title: Intermediate results after complete repair of XXXX in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['nonconfluent pulmonary arteries']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: @entity660 from @entity130 are infrequent, and their diagnosis and management can be extremely difficult. Over the past 10 years we treated 13 @entity1 with major @entity660 from @entity130 . Twelve had been involved in motor vehicle collisions, none of whom were wearing seat belts. One @entity1 was injured in an assault. Only five @entity1 had physical findings suggesting @entity3511 . Serum amylase levels were elevated in seven of the nine @entity1 (78%) in whom this test was obtained. Computed tomography scans demonstrated @entity660 in three of the four @entity1 in whom it was performed. The five @entity1 in whom peritoneal lavage was performed had free intraperitoneal blood from @entity3511 . One injury was diagnosed by ultrasound. Injuries were equally distributed throughout the pancreas, with two @entity130 in the head, three in the body, five in the tail, and three with @entity130 in both the head and the body. Five @entity1 had @entity130 . All @entity1 underwent celiotomy. Eight @entity1 required no operative management of their @entity660 other than drainage. Injury Severity Score averaged 28.5 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- standard error), and mean hospital stay was 31 +/- 9.8 days. One @entity1 with delayed diagnosis of a @entity660 developed a @entity9007 , but all other complications and prolonged hospitalizations were due to @entity542 , chest, other abdominal organs, or extremities. All @entity1 survived. The diagnosis of blunt @entity660 requires a high index of suspicion, and diagnostic studies may demonstrate only subtle signs of injury. Most @entity130 can be managed by localized resection and/or drainage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX from @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries', 'pancreatic injury', 'Pancreatic injuries']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the head']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to other abdominal viscera', 'intra-abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'injuries', 'ductal injuries']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic injuries']


abstract: @entity660 from @entity130 are infrequent, and their diagnosis and management can be extremely difficult. Over the past 10 years we treated 13 @entity1 with major @entity660 from @entity130 . Twelve had been involved in motor vehicle collisions, none of whom were wearing seat belts. One @entity1 was injured in an assault. Only five @entity1 had physical findings suggesting @entity3511 . Serum amylase levels were elevated in seven of the nine @entity1 (78%) in whom this test was obtained. Computed tomography scans demonstrated @entity660 in three of the four @entity1 in whom it was performed. The five @entity1 in whom peritoneal lavage was performed had free intraperitoneal blood from @entity3511 . One injury was diagnosed by ultrasound. Injuries were equally distributed throughout the pancreas, with two @entity130 in the head, three in the body, five in the tail, and three with @entity130 in both the head and the body. Five @entity1 had @entity130 . All @entity1 underwent celiotomy. Eight @entity1 required no operative management of their @entity660 other than drainage. Injury Severity Score averaged 28.5 +/- 2.6 (mean +/- standard error), and mean hospital stay was 31 +/- 9.8 days. One @entity1 with delayed diagnosis of a @entity660 developed a @entity9007 , but all other complications and prolonged hospitalizations were due to @entity542 , chest, other abdominal organs, or extremities. All @entity1 survived. The diagnosis of blunt @entity660 requires a high index of suspicion, and diagnostic studies may demonstrate only subtle signs of injury. Most @entity130 can be managed by localized resection and/or drainage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity660 from XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: The density and distribution of Merkel cells in @entity1 embryonic and fetal skin were studied using an immunolabeling technique on epidermal and dermal sheets obtained by @entity1098 separation. Merkel cells were identified by the known cytokeratin markers @entity2225 and @entity2873 . Merkel cells showed @entity2225 immunoreactivity as early as 56 d estimated gestational age (EGA) in the palmar epidermis (133.11 +/- 44.27 cells/mm2). The density increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of more than 1400 cells/mm2 at 80-90 d EGA. At this stage, the cells became distributed along the primary epidermal ridges. In the palmar epidermis of fetuses older than 100 d EGA, the distribution of Merkel cells showed the same pattern, but the density then decreased gradually. Merkel cells were not observed in ductal and glandular portions of eccrine sweat glands. In the epidermal sheets of hairy skin, a few cells were first seen in the fetus at 75 d EGA. At 100 d EGA, only a few Merkel cells were observed, mostly in the hair pegs and bulbous hair pegs. In the older fetus, ring-like arrangements and aggregates of Merkel cells were prominent in the infundibulum and bulge of hair follicles, respectively. Merkel cells were both globular and dendritic in shape. The ratio of dendritic to globular cells increased gradually until the period of highest Merkel cell density in both the glabrous and hairy skin. All Merkel cells located in the dermis were globular in shape. In accord with the results obtained, we postulate that Merkel cells may have some functional role in the formation and proliferation of eccrine sweat glands and hair follicle anlagen in developing skin.

title: The appearance, density, and distribution of Merkel cells in XXXX embryonic and fetal skin: their relation to sweat gland and hair follicle development.

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uterine @entity6962 (UCSs) are aggressive @entity5 previously considered to be @entity242 , but now recognized as @entity5 composed of metaplastic transformation of epithelial elements. Much of the management for UCS has been extrapolated from studies of @entity1204 and @entity242 . This article critically reviews the literature pertinent to the pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of @entity1 with UCS. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for English language literature on UCS with a focus on the past 20years. Given the rarity of this @entity5 , studies were not limited by design or number of reported @entity1 . RESULTS: UCS is biologically a de-differentiated @entity1204 with its own pathogenesis and molecular profile. It commonly presents with extrauterine disease which can be identified by comprehensive surgical staging. Most UCS @entity1 are candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. The role of radiation is less clear. Combination therapy, while commonly used, has not been studied in depth. The high recurrence rate and poor overall survival for UCS suggest an ongoing need for clinical trials for UCS specifically. CONCLUSIONS: UCS represents a distinct subtype of uterine @entity5 , and should be studied as such via focused clinical trials.

title: XXXX : A review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcomas']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['Uterine carcinosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates small-bore catheter thoracostomy combined with @entity3403 sclerotherapy for palliative treatment of presumed @entity3483 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive @entity1 referred from the medical oncology department to the thoracic radiology section with known primary @entity5 and symptomatic @entity1143 over a 2-year period were treated with small-bore pleural catheter drainage followed by @entity3403 sclerotherapy. Of the 47 @entity1 , 20 (43%) died less than 30 days after sclerotherapy, one (2%) died without radiographic follow-up, and five (11%) were lost to follow-up. Twenty-one @entity1 formed the study group. Response to treatment was defined based on findings on follow-up chest radiographs obtained 30 days after sclerotherapy as complete (no reaccumulation of @entity1143 ), partial (accumulation above postpleurodesis level but below that at presentation), or as a failure (reaccumulation to the amount seen at presentation). RESULTS: Seventeen (81%) evaluable @entity1 showed complete response to sclerotherapy, three (14%) showed a partial response, and one (5%) showed no response. All complete and partial responders were clinically improved with resolution of their shortness of breath. Therefore, 95% of evaluable @entity1 had clinically and radiographically successful treatment. Six @entity1 underwent sclerotherapy when their tube output was greater than 100 ml/24 hr. Five of the six had completely successful pleurodesis, and one failed to respond. Two (10%) of the 21 @entity1 had greater than 150 ml drainage in the 24 hr after initial @entity3403 administration and were therefore given a second dose of intrapleural @entity3403 . Both of these @entity1 subsequently had less than 150 ml drainage in an additional 24-hr observation period and went on to complete response. Complications included three @entity1 (14%) with mild discomfort at the chest tube site during drainage, one @entity1 (5%) with @entity158 during instillation of @entity3403 , and one @entity1 (5%) with transient @entity221 (38.3 degrees C body temperature) one day after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION: Small-bore catheter thoracostomy followed by @entity3403 sclerotherapy successfully resolves symptomatic @entity1143 in @entity1 with known primary @entity5 .

title: Palliative treatment of @entity3483 : value of small-bore catheter thoracostomy and XXXX sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates small-bore catheter thoracostomy combined with @entity3403 sclerotherapy for palliative treatment of presumed @entity3483 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive @entity1 referred from the medical oncology department to the thoracic radiology section with known primary @entity5 and symptomatic @entity1143 over a 2-year period were treated with small-bore pleural catheter drainage followed by @entity3403 sclerotherapy. Of the 47 @entity1 , 20 (43%) died less than 30 days after sclerotherapy, one (2%) died without radiographic follow-up, and five (11%) were lost to follow-up. Twenty-one @entity1 formed the study group. Response to treatment was defined based on findings on follow-up chest radiographs obtained 30 days after sclerotherapy as complete (no reaccumulation of @entity1143 ), partial (accumulation above postpleurodesis level but below that at presentation), or as a failure (reaccumulation to the amount seen at presentation). RESULTS: Seventeen (81%) evaluable @entity1 showed complete response to sclerotherapy, three (14%) showed a partial response, and one (5%) showed no response. All complete and partial responders were clinically improved with resolution of their shortness of breath. Therefore, 95% of evaluable @entity1 had clinically and radiographically successful treatment. Six @entity1 underwent sclerotherapy when their tube output was greater than 100 ml/24 hr. Five of the six had completely successful pleurodesis, and one failed to respond. Two (10%) of the 21 @entity1 had greater than 150 ml drainage in the 24 hr after initial @entity3403 administration and were therefore given a second dose of intrapleural @entity3403 . Both of these @entity1 subsequently had less than 150 ml drainage in an additional 24-hr observation period and went on to complete response. Complications included three @entity1 (14%) with mild discomfort at the chest tube site during drainage, one @entity1 (5%) with @entity158 during instillation of @entity3403 , and one @entity1 (5%) with transient @entity221 (38.3 degrees C body temperature) one day after sclerotherapy. CONCLUSION: Small-bore catheter thoracostomy followed by @entity3403 sclerotherapy successfully resolves symptomatic @entity1143 in @entity1 with known primary @entity5 .

title: Palliative treatment of XXXX : value of small-bore catheter thoracostomy and @entity3403 sclerotherapy.

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Correction of @entity247 in males is a frequently performed aesthetic procedure. Various surgical options involving the removal of excess skin, fat, or glandular tissue have been described. However, poor aesthetic outcomes, including a flat or @entity308 pectoral area, limit the success of these techniques. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to determine @entity1 satisfaction with the results of upper chest augmentation by direct intrapectoral fat injection in conjunction with surgical correction of @entity247 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 26 @entity1 underwent liposuction and glandular excision, glandular excision alone, or Benelli-type skin excision. All @entity1 received intramuscular fat injections in predetermined zones of the pectoralis major (PM). The mean volume of fat injected was 160 mL (range, 80-220 mL per breast) bilaterally. @entity1 were monitored for an average of 16 months (range, 8-24 months). RESULTS: @entity1410 formation and consequent @entity308 was noted in 1 @entity1 and was corrected by secondary lipografting. Mean @entity1 satisfaction was rated as 8.4 on a scale of 1 (unsatisfactory) to 10 (highly satisfactory). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous intrapectoral fat injection performed simultaneously with @entity247 correction can produce a masculine appearance. The long-term viability of fat cells injected into the PM needs to be determined. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Therapeutic.

title: Autologous fat injection into the pectoralis major as an adjunct to surgical correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['infraareolar depression', 'depressed']

answer: @entity247 :: (MESH:D006177,Disease) :: ['gynecomastia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In order to assess @entity5 regression and outcomes, a volumetric analysis was conducted for cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with FIGO stage @entity3846 -IVA cervical @entity5 receiving chemoradiation from 2007 to 2013 were identified, excluding @entity1 with perineal template-based interstitial brachytherapy or without undergoing MRI. A ring and tandem applicator  interstitial needles was used. T2-weighted imaging was completed following applicator insertion. Gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) were retrospectively contoured: initial GTV (GTVPre-EBRT), GTV at first brachytherapy (GTVIGBT) and percent residual GTV at first brachytherapy (% GTVResidual). RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were identified. With 20.8-month median follow-up, two-year estimates of local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 91.3, 79.8, and 85.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression revealed @entity420 (HR 5.88, p=0.03) and GTVIGBT (HR 1.17, p<0.01) as predictors for local failure. GTVIGBT>7.5cc was associated with inferior 2-year LC (75.0 vs. 96.6%, p<0.01), DFS (42.6 vs. 91.6%, p<0.01) and @entity1349 (65.2 vs. 91.5%, p<0.01). No difference in mean @entity15855 D90 EQD2 was seen between the groups (p=0.61). CONCLUSION: Aside from known benefits of IGBT, MRI-based planning allows for assessment of @entity5 regression and prognosticates @entity1 .

title: XXXX outcome prediction to high-dose rate brachytherapy using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of @entity5 response to external beam radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In order to assess @entity5 regression and outcomes, a volumetric analysis was conducted for cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with FIGO stage @entity3846 -IVA cervical @entity5 receiving chemoradiation from 2007 to 2013 were identified, excluding @entity1 with perineal template-based interstitial brachytherapy or without undergoing MRI. A ring and tandem applicator  interstitial needles was used. T2-weighted imaging was completed following applicator insertion. Gross @entity5 volumes (GTVs) were retrospectively contoured: initial GTV (GTVPre-EBRT), GTV at first brachytherapy (GTVIGBT) and percent residual GTV at first brachytherapy (% GTVResidual). RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were identified. With 20.8-month median follow-up, two-year estimates of local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 91.3, 79.8, and 85.0%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression revealed @entity420 (HR 5.88, p=0.03) and GTVIGBT (HR 1.17, p<0.01) as predictors for local failure. GTVIGBT>7.5cc was associated with inferior 2-year LC (75.0 vs. 96.6%, p<0.01), DFS (42.6 vs. 91.6%, p<0.01) and @entity1349 (65.2 vs. 91.5%, p<0.01). No difference in mean @entity15855 D90 EQD2 was seen between the groups (p=0.61). CONCLUSION: Aside from known benefits of IGBT, MRI-based planning allows for assessment of @entity5 regression and prognosticates @entity1 .

title: @entity5 outcome prediction to high-dose rate brachytherapy using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of XXXX response to external beam radiotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes following totally transanal endorectal pull-through (TTERPT) versus pull-through with any form of laparoscopic assistance (LAPT) for @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1963 . DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Five hospitals with a paediatric surgical service. @entity1 : 405 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity1963 . INTERVENTIONS: TTERPT versus LAPT. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOMES" NlmCategory="METHODS">mortality, @entity86 , @entity322 , @entity1142 , unplanned laparotomy or stoma formation, and @entity3511 . SECONDARY OUTCOMES: @entity548 requiring transfusion of blood products, @entity733 formation, @entity1321 , intestinal ischaemia, enteric @entity292 formation, @entity322 or retention, impotency and duration of procedure. RESULTS: Five eligible studies comprising 405 @entity1 were identified from 2107 studies. All studies were retrospective case series, with variability in outcome assessment quality and length of follow-up. Operative duration was 50.29   min shorter with TTERPT (95% CI 39.83 to 60.74, p<0.00001). There were no significant differences identified between TTERPT and LAPT for incidence of @entity86 (OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.38, p=0.39), @entity322 (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, p=0.32) or @entity1142 (OR=0.84, 95% CI 0.32 to 2.17, p=0.71). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis did not find any evidence to suggest a higher rate of @entity1964 , @entity322 or @entity1142 following TTERPT compared with LAPT. Further long-term comparative studies and multicentre data pooling are needed to determine whether a purely transanal approach offers any advantages over a laparoscopically assisted approach to rectosigmoid @entity1963 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO registry- CRD42013005698.

title: Laparoscopic assistance for primary transanal pull-through in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['injury to abdominal viscera']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    The targets and mechanisms of @entity1 immunity to @entity311 are poorly understood, which poses a major barrier to @entity311 vaccine development. Antibodies play a key role in @entity1 immunity and may act by inhibiting receptor-binding functions of key merozoite invasion ligands. Antibodies to the major invasion ligand and vaccine candidate, erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA-175), have been linked with protection, but how these antibodies function has not been established. METHODS:    We developed 2 new assays that quantify the ability of antibodies to inhibit binding of EBA-175 to its @entity3138 , glycophorin A, using either native or recombinant EBA-175. Binding-inhibitory antibodies were evaluated in a longitudinal cohort study of Papua New Guinean @entity1 and related to risk of @entity311 , age, infection status, and markers of parasite exposure. RESULTS:    Binding-inhibition assays (BIAs) were reproducible, and the 2 assays had a high level of agreement. Inhibitory antibodies were common among @entity1 , acquired in association with markers of increasing parasite exposure, and high in those @entity1 with active infection. Inhibitory antibodies correlated with total immunoglobulin G levels to the EBA-175 binding domain (region II). Importantly, binding-inhibitory antibodies were significantly associated with protection from symptomatic @entity311 when measured using either BIA. CONCLUSIONS:    Findings suggest that naturally acquired binding-inhibitory antibodies are an important functional mechanism that contributes to protection against @entity311 and further supports the potential of EBA-175 as a vaccine candidate. Identifying vaccines and approaches that induce potent binding-inhibitory antibodies may be a valuable strategy in the development of highly efficacious @entity311 vaccines.

title: Acquisition of Functional Antibodies That Block the Binding of Erythrocyte-Binding Antigen 175 and Protection Against Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3138 :: ('914', 'Gene') :: ['erythrocyte receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity42424 ( @entity42424 ) are rare, but potentially devastating @entity5 , with @entity3217 fungoides and S  zary Syndrome being the most common. In our previous study, we identified and described regions of geographic clustering of @entity37923 cases in Texas by analyzing ~1990 @entity1 using two distinct @entity5 registries. In the current work, we describe in detail demographic patterns for this @entity5 in our study population and apply logistic regression models to analyze the incidence of @entity37923 by sex, race, age, and clinical stage at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, using Fisher's exact test, we analyze changes in incidence over time in the identified Houston communities with unusually high @entity37923 incidence. While @entity37923 primarily affects Caucasian individuals >55  years old, we confirm that it presents at a younger age and with more @entity1442 stages in African-American and Hispanic individuals. Also, we demonstrate a significant increase in @entity37923 incidence over time in the identified communities. Spring, Katy, and Houston Memorial areas had high baseline rates. Furthermore, a statistically significant disease surge was observed in these areas after ~2005. This report supplements our initial study documenting the existence of geographic clustering of @entity37923 cases in Texas and in greater detail describes demographic trends for our @entity1 population. The observed surge in @entity37923 incidence in the three identified communities further argues that this @entity5 may be triggered by one or more external etiologic agents.

title: Demographic patterns of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma incidence in Texas based on two different XXXX registries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity42424 :: ('MESH:D016410', 'Disease') :: ['CTCLs', 'Cutaneous T-cell lymohomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venous saline infusions in an arterially occluded forearm evokes reflex increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that the application of suction to the @entity1 limbs would activate this @entity1211 reflex and raise sympathetic outflow. We placed airtight pressure tanks and applied 100 mmHg negative pressure to an arterially occluded limb (occlusion and suction, O_S) to induce tissue deformation without fluid translocation. BP, heart rate (HR), and MSNA were assessed in 19 healthy subjects during 2 minutes of arm or leg O_S. Occlusion without suction served as a control. During a separate visit, saline (5% forearm volume) was infused into veins of the arterially occluded arm (N = 13). The O_S increased limb circumference, MSNA burst rate (arm:   6.7    0.7; leg:   6.8    0.7 bursts/min) and total activity (arm:   199    14; leg:   172    22 units/min) and BP (arm:   4.3    0.3; leg:   9.4    1.4 mmHg) from the baseline. The MSNA and BP responses during arm O_S correlated with those during leg O_S. Occlusion alone had no effect on MSNA and BP. MSNA (R = 0.607) responses during arm O_S correlated with those evoked by the saline infusion into the arm. These correlations suggest that sympathetic activation during limb O_S is likely, at least partially, to be evoked via the @entity1211 reflex. These data suggest that suction of an occluded limb evokes sympathetic activation, and that the limb @entity1211 reflex exists in arms and legs of normal @entity1 .

title: Limb suction evoked during arterial occlusion causes systemic sympathetic activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous distension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The early hepatic @entity3181 (HVOO) is a rare but serious complication after liver transplantation, which may result in graft loss. We report a case of early HVOO after living donor liver transplantation, which was managed by ectopic placement of foley catheter. PRESENTATION: A 51 years old male @entity1 with @entity3851 received a right hemi-liver graft. On the first postoperative day the @entity1 developed @entity409 . Doppler ultrasound (US) showed absence of blood flow in the right hepatic vein without @entity715 . The decision was to re-explore the @entity1 , which showed torsion of the graft upward and to the right side causing HVOO. This was managed by ectopic placement of a foley catheter between the graft and the diaphragm and the chest wall. Gradual deflation of the catheter was gradually done guided by Doppler US and the @entity1 was discharged without complications. DISCUSSION: Mechanical HVOO results from kinking or twisting of the @entity1211 due to anatomical mismatch between the graft and the recipient abdomen. It should be managed surgically by repositioning of the graft or redo of @entity1211 . Several ideas had been suggested for repositioning and fixation of the graft by the use of @entity5274 , tissue expanders, and surgical glove expander. CONCLUSION: We report the use of foley catheter to temporary fix the graft and correct the HVOO. It is a simple and safe way, and could be easily monitored and removed under Doppler US without any complications.

title: XXXX after living donor liver transplantation managed with ectopic placement of a foley catheter: A case report.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the liver functions']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Sengstaken-Blakemore tubes']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anastomosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Hepatic venous outflow obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: First @entity5816 are uncommon lesions that often present as @entity281 . They have high recurrence rates, due in part to scarring secondary to prior @entity281 and their management. These lesions have a close relationship with the facial nerve, and most authors recommend its identification and dissection because of this relationship. Nonetheless, @entity2103 has been reported in up to 15% of cases. We describe a novel technique for the management of first @entity5816 . Such lesions that presented in an infra- or postauricular location were approached via an incision through the cartilage of the pinna, between the tragus and antitragus. This technique affords direct access to the lesion without the need for facial nerve dissection. Six @entity1 were treated. Five had prior surgery, including 3 with previous attempts at excision. There were no complications. The median follow-up was 35 months. One @entity1 developed a recurrence.

title: Management of First XXXX via a Cartilage-Splitting Technique.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['periauricular infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5816 :: ('MESH:C562384', 'Disease') :: ['branchial cleft anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity5816 :: (MESH:C562384,Disease) :: ['Branchial Cleft Anomalies']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of an algorithm-based multidisciplinary treatment approach to @entity292 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database at a tertiary center of all consecutive @entity1 treated between 2003 and 2013. RESULTS: Thirty males (mean age 63  years) were reviewed. @entity263 treatment was the most common @entity292 etiology (97  %). Urinary drainage consisted of urethral catheter in all @entity1 and suprapubic catheter in 14 (47  %). The rate of fecal diversion was 67  %. During a mean follow-up of 72  months, healing rate was 90  % and recurrence rate 0  %. Spontaneous healing was achieved in 14 @entity1 (47  %): 8 (27  %) without fecal diversion and 6 (20  %) following fecal diversion. Thirteen @entity1 (43  %) required definitive intervention. The majority of operated @entity1 underwent transanal or transperineal flap (endorectal, dartos, or gracilis) successfully. Only 2 @entity1 (7  %) required an abdominal approach (positive oncologic margins or non-functioning bladder). Fifteen out of the 20 @entity1 (75  %) who underwent fecal diversion had stoma closure with an overall permanent stoma rate of 17  %. Long-term urinary incontinence was noted in 11 @entity1 (37  %). Six @entity1 (20  %) required permanent urinary diversion or drainage catheters. CONCLUSIONS: Algorithm-based treatment approach for @entity292 is useful in the management of this rare condition. Selective fecal diversion is possible, and majority of @entity1 who require definitive intervention can be treated with a transanal or transperineal approach. The rate of permanent stoma is low, but long-term urinary dysfunction is frequent.

title: Algorithm-based multidisciplinary treatment approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectourethral fistula', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['rectourethral fistula']


abstract: @entity36719 (HT) is the most prominent phenolic compound of virgin olive oil and due to its scientifically validated biological activities it is entering to the market as a potentially useful supplement for @entity65 prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the HT dose intake and its tissue uptake in @entity35 , and thus, providing complementary information in relation to the target-dose relationship. @entity35 were given a refined olive oil enriched with HT at different doses (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) and they were sacrificed after 5 h to ensure the cell tissue uptake of HT and its metabolites. Plasma samples and different organs as liver, kidney, heart and brain were obtained, and HT metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that HT and its metabolites could be accumulated in a dose-dependent manner basically in the liver, kidney, and brain and were detected in these tissues even at nutritionally relevant @entity1 doses. The detection of free @entity409 was noteworthy. To date, this appears to be the only biologically active form, and thus, it provides relevant information for optimizing the potential applications of HT to prevent certain hepatic and @entity8 . In recent years, HT and its derivatives have led to a great interest from the virgin olive oil producers and manufacturers of nutraceutical supplements. The increasing interest in HT is mainly due to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and @entity566 (NDA) scientific opinion that established a cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of olive oil @entity6398 and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage . Based on this positive opinion, the health claim "Olive oil @entity6398 contribute to the protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress" was included in the list of health claims , being the only authorized health claim in the European Union regarding @entity6398 and health.

title: Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of XXXX and its metabolites in target tissues in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Allergies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['HT in liver and kidney']

entities_list: @entity36719 :: ('MESH:C005975', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxytyrosol']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity36719 :: (MESH:C005975,Chemical) :: ['hydroxytyrosol']


abstract: @entity36719 (HT) is the most prominent phenolic compound of virgin olive oil and due to its scientifically validated biological activities it is entering to the market as a potentially useful supplement for @entity65 prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the HT dose intake and its tissue uptake in @entity35 , and thus, providing complementary information in relation to the target-dose relationship. @entity35 were given a refined olive oil enriched with HT at different doses (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) and they were sacrificed after 5 h to ensure the cell tissue uptake of HT and its metabolites. Plasma samples and different organs as liver, kidney, heart and brain were obtained, and HT metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that HT and its metabolites could be accumulated in a dose-dependent manner basically in the liver, kidney, and brain and were detected in these tissues even at nutritionally relevant @entity1 doses. The detection of free @entity409 was noteworthy. To date, this appears to be the only biologically active form, and thus, it provides relevant information for optimizing the potential applications of HT to prevent certain hepatic and @entity8 . In recent years, HT and its derivatives have led to a great interest from the virgin olive oil producers and manufacturers of nutraceutical supplements. The increasing interest in HT is mainly due to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and @entity566 (NDA) scientific opinion that established a cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of olive oil @entity6398 and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage . Based on this positive opinion, the health claim "Olive oil @entity6398 contribute to the protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress" was included in the list of health claims , being the only authorized health claim in the European Union regarding @entity6398 and health.

title: Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of @entity36719 and its metabolites in target tissues in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study reports the case of a @entity5 treated with modified @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) radiotherapy. A 45-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of left @entity490 and @entity221 . A computed tomography scan detected a retroperitoneal @entity5 of 12*16*16 cm, and a biopsy revealed a poorly-differentiated @entity420 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with a large @entity420 originating from the left ureter, with no distant @entity3 . Due to the @entity1 's poor physical condition, surgery was not recommended, and the @entity1 was referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology (Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan). Modified @entity15929 radiotherapy was administered following the acquisition of written consent from the @entity1 . The total irradiation dose to the center of the @entity5 and to the surrounding healthy tissue was    96 Gy/33 fractions and <60 Gy/33 fractions, respectively. At the end of the radiotherapeutic course, the @entity5 volume was reduced by >= 80%, and the @entity41 was surgically resected. As a result of the resection, a complete pathological response was confirmed; the @entity1 has been recurrence-free for >3 years with no complications. Modified @entity15929 radiotherapy may be safely administered, with favorable outcomes. Complete recovery can be achieved with this technique, even in a @entity1 with a large radioresistant @entity5 .

title: Modified XXXX radiotherapy for large retroperitoneal @entity5 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'large retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['SIB', 'simultaneous integrated boost']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity15929 :: (MESH:C565771,Disease) :: ['simultaneous integrated boost']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study reports the case of a @entity5 treated with modified @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) radiotherapy. A 45-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining of left @entity490 and @entity221 . A computed tomography scan detected a retroperitoneal @entity5 of 12*16*16 cm, and a biopsy revealed a poorly-differentiated @entity420 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with a large @entity420 originating from the left ureter, with no distant @entity3 . Due to the @entity1 's poor physical condition, surgery was not recommended, and the @entity1 was referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology (Yamagata University Hospital, Yamagata, Japan). Modified @entity15929 radiotherapy was administered following the acquisition of written consent from the @entity1 . The total irradiation dose to the center of the @entity5 and to the surrounding healthy tissue was    96 Gy/33 fractions and <60 Gy/33 fractions, respectively. At the end of the radiotherapeutic course, the @entity5 volume was reduced by >= 80%, and the @entity41 was surgically resected. As a result of the resection, a complete pathological response was confirmed; the @entity1 has been recurrence-free for >3 years with no complications. Modified @entity15929 radiotherapy may be safely administered, with favorable outcomes. Complete recovery can be achieved with this technique, even in a @entity1 with a large radioresistant @entity5 .

title: Modified @entity15929 radiotherapy for large retroperitoneal XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumor']