abstract: During a 14-year period, @entity189 of the anal sac apocrine glands was found in 52 pastel and 8 sapphire mink (Mustela vison) kept for studies on slow @entity1800 . The pastel mink varied in age from 72 to 135 months (mean age 108 months), the sapphire mink from 63 to 100 months (mean age 81 months). All but one pastel mink were females. The @entity5 varied in size from masses that caused bulges in the perineum to those that were found only after microscopic examination of the anal sac glands. Although the @entity5 grew mainly by expansion with little local infiltration, 41 of the 60 @entity5 had metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and sometimes also to more distant sites. The striking propensity of the @entity189 to @entity3 while still small, even microscopic, often resulted in massive secondary growths, notably in the iliac lymph nodes. @entity2741 did not accompany the @entity189 . Its varied microscopic appearance included solid, glandular, squamous cell, and spindle or round cell components. Combinations of them formed mixed or complex histologic patterns, no doubt largely attributable to neoplastic proliferation of myoepithelial cells and squamous metaplasia of the apocrine gland epithelium. Although its cause remains obscure, the @entity189 appeared to arise from small foci of hyperplastic apocrine glands, sometimes in relation to both anal sacs. The @entity5 is a common and distinctive expression of @entity5 in older ranch mink.

title: XXXX of the anal sac glands in ranch mink.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma']


abstract: Blistering dermatitises are characterized by the presence of blisters that begin owing to acantholysis ( @entity4530 ) such as @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) or owing to @entity1713 ( @entity4530 ) such as @entity7248 ( @entity7248 ). Both diseases are autoimmune pathologies characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against specific adhesion molecules of the skin and mucous membranes. @entity7271 , in which oral lesions are always present, has a progressive course that, if the disease is not treated, nearly always brings to death from sepsis within a few years. In @entity7248 , oral lesions are rare and the disease, that is most frequent in older individuals, has a chronic course with spontaneous remissions. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of treatment of these two diseases. Although this therapy had reduced the mortality of the two pathologies it is associated with serious side effects. To reduce the corticosteroids dose and to improve the symptomatology in resistant therapy cases, we treated five @entity1 with several procedures of plasma exchange. Four @entity1 were affected by @entity7248 and one by @entity7271 . Their disease severity at onset of plasmapheresis ranged from mild to severe. One of 5 @entity1 suffered a plasmapheresis side effect. All @entity1 responded with complete remission of symptomatology and had a @entity229 dosage reduction until 70%. Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment for @entity7271 and @entity7248 @entity1 who have been unresponsive to conventional therapy, for those for whom conventional drugs are contraindicated, for those who show severe clinical manifestations and for those who need high doses of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to keep the disease under control.

title: Plasmapheresis therapy in @entity7271 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['dermoepidermic detachment']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['intraepidermic blister', 'subepidermic blister']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity7248 :: ('MESH:D010391', 'Disease') :: ['bullous pemphigoid', 'BP']

answer: @entity7248 :: (MESH:D010391,Disease) :: ['bullous pemphigoid']


abstract: Blistering dermatitises are characterized by the presence of blisters that begin owing to acantholysis ( @entity4530 ) such as @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) or owing to @entity1713 ( @entity4530 ) such as @entity7248 ( @entity7248 ). Both diseases are autoimmune pathologies characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against specific adhesion molecules of the skin and mucous membranes. @entity7271 , in which oral lesions are always present, has a progressive course that, if the disease is not treated, nearly always brings to death from sepsis within a few years. In @entity7248 , oral lesions are rare and the disease, that is most frequent in older individuals, has a chronic course with spontaneous remissions. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of treatment of these two diseases. Although this therapy had reduced the mortality of the two pathologies it is associated with serious side effects. To reduce the corticosteroids dose and to improve the symptomatology in resistant therapy cases, we treated five @entity1 with several procedures of plasma exchange. Four @entity1 were affected by @entity7248 and one by @entity7271 . Their disease severity at onset of plasmapheresis ranged from mild to severe. One of 5 @entity1 suffered a plasmapheresis side effect. All @entity1 responded with complete remission of symptomatology and had a @entity229 dosage reduction until 70%. Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment for @entity7271 and @entity7248 @entity1 who have been unresponsive to conventional therapy, for those for whom conventional drugs are contraindicated, for those who show severe clinical manifestations and for those who need high doses of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to keep the disease under control.

title: Plasmapheresis therapy in XXXX and @entity7248 .

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: Neoplasms of the third ventricle are lesions arising within the ventricular cavity, often free but more often pedunculated. True third @entity5 are surgically removable. In a consecutive surgical series of 580 @entity5 the authors operated on 27 lesions of the third ventricle, 7 of which were @entity11 . The histological diagnosis was @entity10053 in 5 cases and fibrillar @entity10220 in 2 cases. The dominant clinical features were a slowly progressive or intermittently @entity428 , and @entity227 . CT and @entity2841 contrastographic studies provided the essential diagnostic data for the therapeutic plan. CT scans at follow-up studies confirmed the successful removal of the lesions. A right trans-ventricular approach was employed in all cases. Depending on the size and position of the lesion, removal was performed through the foramen of Monro or through a sub-choroidal approach. In two @entity1 a ventriculo-atrial shunt was necessary in spite of @entity5 removal. No surgical mortality occurred and @entity1 are well at a follow-up time of from 2 to 6 years.

title: Third XXXX . Report of 7 cases with benign clinical behaviour.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['mental and visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle tumours', 'intracranial tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['benign gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['polar spongioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal astrocytoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['ventricle gliomas']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of acute @entity741 with reperfusion on T1 (spin-lattice) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times in a @entity235 model and correlate these changes with bulk myocardial water content (% @entity4358 ). In 15 @entity235 the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 40 minutes (n = 5), 1 hour (n = 5), or 2 hours (n = 5). In 15 additional @entity235 , matched occlusion periods were followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. T1 of tissue from normal and @entity63 myocardium was measured in vitro with a 2.5 kg NMR spectrometer. In the reperfusion animals, the 2-hour group showed significant increases in % @entity4358 and T1 when the @entity63 segment of myocardium was evaluated (both p less than 0.01). All but one animal in the 1-hour (reperfusion) group showed increases in both % @entity4358 or T1 in the @entity63 segment of myocardium when compared to control segments. The mean values from the @entity63 myocardium in the 1-hour group were significantly higher than the values from the matched control segment for % @entity4358 (p less than 0.05) and T1 (p less than 0.05). In the group undergoing 40 minutes of @entity63 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, neither % @entity4358 nor T1 changed significantly. In the nonreperfused animals, neither T1 nor % @entity4358 content increased significantly after 40 minutes. Significant increases were seen in the 1-hour (p less than 0.05) and 2-hour groups (without reperfusion) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the 2-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion animals had significantly greater T1 relaxation times and % @entity4358 than control @entity63 animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acute myocardial infarction in @entity235 : the effects of transient XXXX of varying duration and reperfusion on spin lattice relaxation times.

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['coronary ischemia']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of acute @entity741 with reperfusion on T1 (spin-lattice) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times in a @entity235 model and correlate these changes with bulk myocardial water content (% @entity4358 ). In 15 @entity235 the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 40 minutes (n = 5), 1 hour (n = 5), or 2 hours (n = 5). In 15 additional @entity235 , matched occlusion periods were followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. T1 of tissue from normal and @entity63 myocardium was measured in vitro with a 2.5 kg NMR spectrometer. In the reperfusion animals, the 2-hour group showed significant increases in % @entity4358 and T1 when the @entity63 segment of myocardium was evaluated (both p less than 0.01). All but one animal in the 1-hour (reperfusion) group showed increases in both % @entity4358 or T1 in the @entity63 segment of myocardium when compared to control segments. The mean values from the @entity63 myocardium in the 1-hour group were significantly higher than the values from the matched control segment for % @entity4358 (p less than 0.05) and T1 (p less than 0.05). In the group undergoing 40 minutes of @entity63 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, neither % @entity4358 nor T1 changed significantly. In the nonreperfused animals, neither T1 nor % @entity4358 content increased significantly after 40 minutes. Significant increases were seen in the 1-hour (p less than 0.05) and 2-hour groups (without reperfusion) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the 2-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion animals had significantly greater T1 relaxation times and % @entity4358 than control @entity63 animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acute myocardial infarction in XXXX : the effects of transient @entity63 of varying duration and reperfusion on spin lattice relaxation times.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with progressive @entity11460 and multiple system @entity194 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity854 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity1494 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity1163 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity409 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity1494 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity179 .

title: XXXX in progressive @entity11460 with multiple system @entity194 .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling', 'bladder neck incompetence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary micturition']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Three fundamental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Urethro-vesical dysfunction']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with progressive @entity11460 and multiple system @entity194 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity854 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity1494 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity1163 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity409 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity1494 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity179 .

title: @entity409 in progressive @entity11460 with multiple system XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with progressive @entity11460 and multiple system @entity194 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity854 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity1494 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity1163 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity409 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity1494 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity179 .

title: @entity409 in progressive XXXX with multiple system @entity194 .

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['autonomic failure']


abstract: The incidence of @entity3052 in pregnancy is low and the management of @entity3052 during pregnancy is difficult. We have observed a total of 10 pregnancies in 8 @entity1 . Six of the @entity1 had @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and two of them had @entity981 ( @entity981 ). Three of the pregnancies were diagnosed when the @entity1778 was in remission, six at the time of @entity1778 diagnosis and one at the time of leukemic relapse. Six of the pregnancies were found in first trimester, three in the second and one early in the third. Three pregnancies ended with @entity2208 , three with intrauterine @entity204 and three with medical termination. One of @entity2208 and one intrauterine @entity204 developed during combination chemotherapy ( @entity5699 , @entity2592 ). Only 1 healthy baby survived from the 10 pregnancies and this @entity1 was the not exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. None of the cases had @entity13374 . Five of eight pregnant @entity1 with @entity1778 died because of the @entity66 .

title: Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy complicated with XXXX : a single institutional experience with 10 pregnancies at 16 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions', 'spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic and obstetric complications']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: We describe four @entity1 who developed @entity2687 after an exposure to a pepper spray containing toxic carriers. Two of these @entity1 were exposed to a pepper gas containing 5% oleoresin capsicum (OC) as an irritant and 92% @entity4966 or unknown amount of @entity1044 as a carrier. One @entity1 was exposed to a mock (containing 92% @entity4966 as a carrier) training pepper gas without OC. The fourth @entity1 was exposed to an unidentified Russian pepper gas spray. Two of the @entity1 were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy to demonstrate the depth and quality of the stromal damage. To test the @entity137 of the commercial tear spray, it was analyzed and test sprayed on a soft contact lens and into a plastic cup. Visual acuity was measured and the eyes were examined with a slit-lamp up to 5 months. Physical damage to a soft contact lens was visually acquired. All @entity1 showed a long-lasting, deep corneal and conjuctival erosion, which resolved partly with medical therapy during the following weeks/months. Confocal microscopy revealed @entity16 , and keratocyte activation reaching two-thirds of stroma for one @entity1 . The spray caused serious damage to both the soft contact lens and the plastic cup. The safety of the commercially available @entity5793 should be assessed before marketing, and a list of acceptable ingredients created. The sprays should also have instructions on the use of the compound as well as on the first aid measures after the exposure. Solvents known to be toxic should not be used.

title: Toxic carriers in @entity5793 may cause XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4966 :: ('CHEBI:16602', 'Chemical') :: ['trichlorethylene']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity5793 :: ('MESH:C536438', 'Disease') :: ['pepper sprays']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosion']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal erosion']


abstract: We describe four @entity1 who developed @entity2687 after an exposure to a pepper spray containing toxic carriers. Two of these @entity1 were exposed to a pepper gas containing 5% oleoresin capsicum (OC) as an irritant and 92% @entity4966 or unknown amount of @entity1044 as a carrier. One @entity1 was exposed to a mock (containing 92% @entity4966 as a carrier) training pepper gas without OC. The fourth @entity1 was exposed to an unidentified Russian pepper gas spray. Two of the @entity1 were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy to demonstrate the depth and quality of the stromal damage. To test the @entity137 of the commercial tear spray, it was analyzed and test sprayed on a soft contact lens and into a plastic cup. Visual acuity was measured and the eyes were examined with a slit-lamp up to 5 months. Physical damage to a soft contact lens was visually acquired. All @entity1 showed a long-lasting, deep corneal and conjuctival erosion, which resolved partly with medical therapy during the following weeks/months. Confocal microscopy revealed @entity16 , and keratocyte activation reaching two-thirds of stroma for one @entity1 . The spray caused serious damage to both the soft contact lens and the plastic cup. The safety of the commercially available @entity5793 should be assessed before marketing, and a list of acceptable ingredients created. The sprays should also have instructions on the use of the compound as well as on the first aid measures after the exposure. Solvents known to be toxic should not be used.

title: Toxic carriers in XXXX may cause @entity2687 .

answer: @entity5793 :: (MESH:C536438,Disease) :: ['pepper sprays']


abstract: Open mitral reconstruction for @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) was performed in 120 @entity1 , 101 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , aged 22 to 75 years (mean 49). Nine @entity1 were functional class II, 106 class III, 5 class IV; 13 only underwent noninvasive studies, including echocardiography, before surgery, while 107 had preoperative cardiac catheterization studies. The latter showed a mean valve area of 1.09 cm2 and a pulmonary artery wedge to left ventricular mean diastolic gradient of 14 mm Hg. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all @entity1 for open reconstruction under direct vision. Superior commissurotomy was done in 115 @entity1 , inferior in 114, papillary muscles were incised and chordae lengthened in 39 and @entity460 was excised from valve leaflets in 23. Suture or ring anuloplasty was not required in any @entity1 . The series was begun January 1972 and terminated in January 1984. Personal follow up was conducted in July 1984. There were no operative deaths in the 120 @entity1 . There were 5 late deaths, all from noncardiac causes. The mean follow-up time was 53 months. The actuarial probability of survival at 10 years was 95 +/- 2%. Thromboemboli occurred in 9 @entity1 ; the probability of freedom from thromboemboli at 10 years was 91 +/- 3% and the linearized rate was 1.8%/ @entity1 -year of follow-up. Reoperation was required in 9 @entity1 , an absolute incidence of 7.5% and an annual incidence of 1.7%/ @entity1 year. At 10 years the probability of freedom from reoperation was 84 +/- 5%.

title: Long-term results of open mitral valve reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'rheumatic mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: Forty-nine @entity1 with primary @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) were subclassified according to French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group criteria. Eight @entity1 had acquired @entity417 (AISA), ten had @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ), 14 had @entity417 ( @entity417 ), nine had @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ), and five had @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ); three @entity1 could not be subclassified. The actuarial median survival for @entity1 with AISA or with @entity417 had not been reached at 60 months of follow-up. The median survival times for @entity1 with @entity6130 , @entity7139 , and @entity7139 were 25, 21, and 16 months, respectively. The percentages of @entity1 with each subtype who developed @entity3052 were none in AISA, 20% in @entity6130 , 7% in @entity417 , 56% in @entity7139 , and 40% in @entity7139 . @entity1 with @entity6130 had a poor prognosis independent of transformation to @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), whereas @entity1 with @entity7139 and @entity7139 had a high incidence of transformation and short survival times. @entity2008 were present in bone marrow cells from 19 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, and two others developed an abnormal karyotype at the time of leukemic transformation. The most frequent abnormalities, including initial and evolutionary changes, were trisomy 8 (9 @entity1 ), deletion of 5q (4 @entity1 ), and deletion of 20q (4 @entity1 ). The median survival times were 32 months for @entity1 with an abnormal karyotype, and 48 months for those with a normal karyotype (P = 0.2). Specific @entity2008 were not associated with particular histologic subtypes; however, a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity7139 and @entity7139 had an abnormal clone (89% and 80%, respectively). The percentages of @entity1 with @entity2214 were 13% for AISA, 20% for @entity6130 , and 29% for @entity417 . The @entity2590 transformed to @entity3052 in 42% of @entity1 with an abnormal karyotype, compared to 10% of those with an initially normal karyotype (P less than .01). Among @entity1 with @entity417 , @entity7139 , and @entity7139 , the risk of leukemic transformation was confined to those with an abnormal karyotype (P less than .01). Thus, in the present study, morphology and karyotype combined were the best indicators of outcome in @entity1 with @entity2590 .

title: Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia with excess blasts', 'RAEB', 'refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation', 'RAEB-T']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sideroblastic anemia', 'refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia', 'CMMoL']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'Clonal chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: Delivery of @entity3175 through a @entity691 -lined i.v. administration set and through a @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) set was compared. @entity3175 was prepared in concentrations of 50 mg/500 mL and 100 mg/500 mL in 0.9% @entity2827 injection and 5% @entity413 injection in glass containers. @entity3175 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0 through 5 hours in samples collected simultaneously from the glass solution containers and from the distal ends of a @entity2634 administration set and a @entity691 -lined (non- @entity2634 ) set. Flow rates of 50 and 100 mL/hr were tested. For the non- @entity2634 sets, @entity3175 concentration in the infusate was not significantly different from concentration in the glass container at any sampling time. The overall percentage of @entity3175 recovered was 100.7 +/- 6.8%. For the @entity2634 sets, @entity3175 concentration in the infusate was less than in the container at all sampling times, and the overall percentage of @entity3175 recovered was 65.4 +/- 13.3% (significantly different from delivery for the non- @entity2634 sets). Delivery through the non- @entity2634 sets was not affected by flow rate, type of solution, or concentration of @entity3175 . For infusion periods of up to five hours, delivery of @entity3175 through @entity691 -lined i.v. administration sets was superior to delivery through @entity2634 sets.

title: Effect of a @entity691 -lined administration set on the availability of XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: Delivery of @entity3175 through a @entity691 -lined i.v. administration set and through a @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) set was compared. @entity3175 was prepared in concentrations of 50 mg/500 mL and 100 mg/500 mL in 0.9% @entity2827 injection and 5% @entity413 injection in glass containers. @entity3175 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0 through 5 hours in samples collected simultaneously from the glass solution containers and from the distal ends of a @entity2634 administration set and a @entity691 -lined (non- @entity2634 ) set. Flow rates of 50 and 100 mL/hr were tested. For the non- @entity2634 sets, @entity3175 concentration in the infusate was not significantly different from concentration in the glass container at any sampling time. The overall percentage of @entity3175 recovered was 100.7 +/- 6.8%. For the @entity2634 sets, @entity3175 concentration in the infusate was less than in the container at all sampling times, and the overall percentage of @entity3175 recovered was 65.4 +/- 13.3% (significantly different from delivery for the non- @entity2634 sets). Delivery through the non- @entity2634 sets was not affected by flow rate, type of solution, or concentration of @entity3175 . For infusion periods of up to five hours, delivery of @entity3175 through @entity691 -lined i.v. administration sets was superior to delivery through @entity2634 sets.

title: Effect of a XXXX -lined administration set on the availability of @entity3175 injection.

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: Tumors of the pterygoid fossa are often regarded as unresectable because of their anatomic inaccessibility. The rapidly developing techniques of craniofacial surgery have advanced sufficiently to now allow safe ablative surgery in this area and yet preserve the functional status and cosmetic appearance of the @entity1 . A technique utilizing a bicoronal incision that is extended to the angle of the mandible on the involved side is described. This allows wide exposure of the bony structures at the lateral base of the skull while maintaining the integrity of the facial nerve within the cutaneous flap. Temporary removal of the zygomatic arch achieves direct access to and visualization of the contents of the temporal and pterygoid fossae. Skull, mandibular, and maxillary bone adjacent to @entity5 can easily and safely be resected to obtain complete @entity5 -free margins. Craniectomy bone is harvested and split into inner and outer tables to reconstruct the bony defects. This approach was successfully utilized in a 5-year-old @entity1 with a Group III @entity980 with @entity41 following combined chemo- and radiotherapy. He remains @entity5 -free at 15 months, postoperation. The technique can be adapted for a variety of mass lesions located at the anterior base of the skull, both intra- and extracranially. Morbidity and mortality should be minimal with an experienced craniofacial team.

title: XXXX of pterygoid fossa. Resection for cure utilizing an innervated facial flap and craniofacial reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: Certain yoga asanas if practiced regularly are known to have beneficial effects on @entity1 body. These yoga practices might be interacting with various, somato-neuro-endocrine mechanisms to have therapeutic effects. The present study done in twenty four @entity2175 @entity1 of 30 to 60 year old, provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and pulmonary functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with pulmonary function studies. The expert gave these @entity1 training in yoga asanas and were pursed 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood @entity413 levels (basal 190.08 +/- 90.8 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 79.8 in mg/dl). The postprandial blood @entity413 levels also decreased (276.54 +/- 101.0 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 104.1 in mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease (9.03 +/- 1.4% to 7.83 +/- 2.6%). The FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV increased significantly (1.81 +/- 0.4 lt to 2.08 +/- 0.4 lt, 2.20 +/- 0.6 lt to 2.37 +/- 0.5 lt, 3.30 +/- 1.0 lt/s to 4.43 +/- 1.4 lt/s and 64.59 +/- 25.7 lt min to 76.28 +/- 28.1 lt/min respectively). FEV1/FVC% improved (85 +/- 0.2% to 89 +/- 0.1%). These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and pulmonary functions can be obtained in @entity2175 cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing, interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and pulmonary functions remains to be worked out.

title: Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: Certain yoga asanas if practiced regularly are known to have beneficial effects on @entity1 body. These yoga practices might be interacting with various, somato-neuro-endocrine mechanisms to have therapeutic effects. The present study done in twenty four @entity2175 @entity1 of 30 to 60 year old, provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and pulmonary functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with pulmonary function studies. The expert gave these @entity1 training in yoga asanas and were pursed 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood @entity413 levels (basal 190.08 +/- 90.8 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 79.8 in mg/dl). The postprandial blood @entity413 levels also decreased (276.54 +/- 101.0 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 104.1 in mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease (9.03 +/- 1.4% to 7.83 +/- 2.6%). The FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV increased significantly (1.81 +/- 0.4 lt to 2.08 +/- 0.4 lt, 2.20 +/- 0.6 lt to 2.37 +/- 0.5 lt, 3.30 +/- 1.0 lt/s to 4.43 +/- 1.4 lt/s and 64.59 +/- 25.7 lt min to 76.28 +/- 28.1 lt/min respectively). FEV1/FVC% improved (85 +/- 0.2% to 89 +/- 0.1%). These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and pulmonary functions can be obtained in @entity2175 cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing, interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and pulmonary functions remains to be worked out.

title: Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in @entity2175 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The visual responses of single units in the lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei (LTN and @entity35801 ) of the @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) were studied in adult @entity468 reared in total darkness. In the LTN of the normal cat equal numbers of cells prefer upward and downward vertical stimulus motion (previous results). While direction selectively continued to be a characteristic property of LTN and @entity35801 units in dark-reared animals, the distribution of preferred and non-preferred directions of LTN cells was radically altered such that almost every LTN cell examined in the dark-reared cat preferred downward stimulus motion. In contrast, the distribution of preferred directions among @entity35801 cells was largely unaffected by dark rearing. Both normal and dark-reared cat @entity35801 cells responded best to stimuli moving horizontally toward the recorded hemisphere. The velocity preferences of @entity35801 units of the dark-reared cat were, however, much slower than those of normal @entity35801 units. LTN units responding to downward motion in dark-reared @entity468 showed similar velocity preferences to those downward direction-selective LTN units in normal animals. Unlike the highly binocular responses of @entity1781 cells encountered in the normal cat, the ocular dominance distribution obtained from units in the LTN and @entity35801 of the dark-reared cat is completely monocular, favoring the contralateral eye. Thus, dark rearing renders the distribution of preferred directions most affected in the LTN, velocity preference most affected in the @entity35801 and ocular dominance strongly affected in both nuclei. The physiological response properties of the dark-reared cat presented in this report bear a close resemblance to those we have described in the @entity1781 of acutely decorticated animals (previous results). Data obtained from the dark-reared cat support our earlier suggestion that the visual cortex is a major source of upward direction selectively, high-velocity tuning and ipsilateral eye input for @entity1781 cells. Some of the functional consequences of these findings are discussed in relation to frontal eye placement and @entity346 .

title: Response properties of single units in the XXXX of the dark-reared cat.

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['AOS', 'accessory optic system']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['accessory optic system']


abstract: A 13-year-old, female, seventh-grade student (the index @entity1 ) was found to have smear-positive, cavitary, @entity1907 . Epidemiologic and contact investigation, involving skin testing over 900 @entity1 , revealed a 40 per cent tuberculin reactor rate for @entity1 in the junior high school she attended compared to a 2 per cent rate for control schools. Repeat skin testing of initial non-reactors identified an additional 3 per cent of infected school @entity1 . School teachers showed a seven-fold increase in the prevalence of positive skin-test reactions following the outbreak. Tuberculin-reactor rates for seventh graders were substantially higher than for eighth graders. The more classes shared with the index @entity1 , the higher the probability of being a reactor. Among students who shared no classes with the index @entity1 , the highest rates of tuberculin reactions were found for those who had entered a classroom immediately after the index @entity1 had left it. Evidence of transmission on the school bus and in the church choir was also suggested. Six secondary cases (three pulmonary) resulted from the outbreak. Identical phage types from the index and secondary @entity1 suggest who had left school during the term proved useful in determining when transmission began. The index case was found to be a missed contact of a previously identified case of @entity378 . Since household contacts are at high risk for developing active disease, there is a need for meticulous and complete investigation and preventive therapy for all such @entity1 , especially @entity1 .

title: Epidemiology of a XXXX outbreak in a South Carolina junior high school.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: Two hundred fourteen @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent curative resection for biopsy-proved or autopsy-proved local recurrences with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were evaluated. The only predictive variables for anastomotic recurrence were @entity5 margins. There were 49 Dukes' A lesions with no observed recurrences. There were also 83 Dukes' B lesions and 84 @entity75 with a total of 18 local recurrences in 214 cases or 8.4 percent (of Duke's B lesions or 6 percent and 14 of @entity75 or 17 percent). When proximal or distal margins were less than 5 cm there were seven total recurrences (three Dukes' B lesions and four @entity75 ). However, when margins were greater than 5 cm, 11 local recurrences were observed (1 Dukes' B and 10 @entity75 ). It appears that margins are not as important in preventing local recurrences of Dukes' A lesions as they are of both Dukes' B and C lesions. Although the numbers are small in this study, it appears that Dukes' B lesions can be satisfactorily resected with a very low incidence of local recurrence if their margins are 5 cm or greater, whereas if the resected margins are less than 5 cm, the incidence of local recurrences increases from 9 percent (1 of 11 lesions) to 43 percent (3 of 7 lesions), or almost a fivefold increase. Therefore, it appears that good surgical technique and adequate margins of greater than 5 cm are very important in reducing local recurrences of Dukes' B lesions. However, when margins are greater than 5 cm, this does not guarantee freedom from local recurrence of @entity75 . This may merely reflect the difference in the biologic characteristics among Dukes' A, B, and C lesions and the fact that limited resection, particularly in the rectosigmoid region, cannot possibly remove all intralymphatic disease, which is the presumed culprit in locally recurrent @entity75 .

title: Contributions of pathologic margins and Dukes' stage to local recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C lesions"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' stage and tumor"]

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1320 induced @entity881 in 21 @entity1 . @entity295 was most often due to perforation of the colon and was located with almost equal frequency in the upper and lower abdomen. Four @entity1 died after single laparotomy for drainage. Seventeen were drained operatively more than once (average 3.4 operations) at mean intervals of 10 days. Sixteen of the 21 @entity1 (76 percent) died with @entity881 despite drainage. Organ function improved temporarily in only one @entity1 . Autopsy showed that pus had persisted or recurred in three @entity1 . No significant predictors of survival were identified, although the advantage appears to lie with the younger @entity1 in whom @entity881 develops relatively late after @entity295 (mean 13 days) and who needs ventilatory assistance for less than 1 week. The location, size, and bacteriologic characteristics of abscesses do not appear to influence outcome. This study shows that early and repeated drainage of intraabdominal pus will not reverse @entity881 in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Does drainage of intraabdominal pus reverse XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['Intraabdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: Suboptimal innate and immune mechanisms of host resistance during the peripartum period may contribute to increased incidence of @entity1271 . To evaluate associations between antibody response to @entity12027 and milk production during the peripartum period, 136 Holstein @entity291 and heifers from three herds with known antibody response profiles, were evaluated for projected 305-d milk, protein, and fat yield. Using a previously described index (Wagter et al., 2000), @entity291 were quantitatively classified based on their profile of antibody response to @entity12027 into high, average, or low antibody response groups. The single-effect antibody response group contributed significantly to variation in fat and protein yield, but not milk yield. The interaction between antibody response and parity significantly contributed to the variation in milk, fat, and protein yields; therefore the effects of group were reported on a within-parity basis. Among first-parity @entity291 , low responders had a higher fat and protein yield than high or average antibody responder animals. Among older @entity291 (parity 3 or greater) milk yield was significantly higher for those in the high antibody response group compared with average and low response groups. However, no significant differences in fat or protein yields were observed between high and low antibody response groups. These results suggest the possibility to select @entity291 for enhanced immune response with no adverse effects on yield. That first-parity @entity291 with low antibody response produce more fat and protein may be offset by the fact that @entity1271 occurrence was highest in this group in two out of three herds investigated. Selection for high immune response may prove beneficial to herd life by maintaining optimal yield, yet minimizing occurrence of disease.

title: The relationship between milk production and antibody response to XXXX during the peripartum period.

answer: @entity12027 :: (522479(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['ovalbumin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug sensitization with various inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has proved to be a promising and an emergent concept in the field of nanomedicine. Rose bengal (RB), a notable photosensitizer, triggers the formation of reactive @entity26 species under green-light irradiation, and consequently, it induces @entity137 and cell death. In the present study, the effect of photoinduced dynamics of RB upon complexation with semiconductor @entity1947 NPs is explored. To accomplish this, we successfully synthesized nanohybrids of RB with @entity1948 NPs with a particle size of 24   nm and optically characterized them. The uniform size and integrity of the particles were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. UV/Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence studies reveal the formation of the nanohybrids. ultrafast picosecond-resolved fluorescence studies of RB- @entity1948 nanohybrids demonstrate an efficient electron transfer from the photoexcited drug to the semiconductor NPs. Picosecond-resolved F  rster resonance energy transfer from @entity1948 NPs to RB unravel the proximity of the drug to the semiconductor at the molecular level. The photoinduced ROS formation was monitored using a @entity33196 oxidation assay, which is a conventional oxidative stress indicator. It is observed that the ROS generation under green light illumination is greater at low concentrations of RB- @entity1948 nanohybrids compared with free RB. Substantial photodynamic activity of the nanohybrids in bacterial and fungal cell lines validated the in vitro @entity137 results. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the nanohybrids in HeLa cells, which was monitored by @entity98 assay, is also noteworthy.

title: Photoinduced Dynamics and XXXX of a Cancer Drug in Proximity of Inorganic Nanoparticles under Visible Light.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity33196 :: ('MESH:C037631', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorofluorescin']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: Grapes have high amounts of phenolic compounds, which can modulate the gut activity as well as modify the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiological activity of @entity35298 , grape pomace concentrate, and @entity2722 was evaluated in an in vitro study. An in vivo experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the inclusion of grape pomace concentrate and @entity2722 in the diet of broiler chicks on performance, intestinal microflora (by cultured and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology), and gut morphology at 21 d of age. Dietary treatments included an antibiotic-free diet (CON), a positive control (AVP; 50 mg/kg of @entity35298 ), and antibiotic-free diets containing grape pomace concentrate (GPC; 60 g/kg) or @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ; 7.2 g/kg). Performance was not affected by dietary treatment except in the case of birds fed the @entity2722 diet, which showed decreased @entity1017 . In the ileal content, birds fed CON and @entity2722 diets had the highest populations of Lactobacillus. Compared with the CON diet, the AVP, GPC, and @entity2722 diets increased the populations of Enterococcus and decreased the counts of Clostridium in the ileal content. In the cecal digesta, birds fed GPC and @entity2722 diets had higher populations of @entity526 , Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium than birds in any other treatment group. Animals fed GPC and @entity2722 diets showed a higher biodiversity degree than those fed control diets. The frequency of detection of several potential @entity3971 -degrading bacteria as well as unidentified and uncultured organisms was increased in animals fed GPC and @entity2722 diets. Birds fed the CON diet had longer villi and deeper crypt depth than birds in any other treatment group. The highest villi height:crypt depth ratio corresponded to birds fed GPC and AVP diets and the lowest to those fed CON and @entity2722 diets. In conclusion, dietary @entity3978 -rich grape products modify the gut morphology and intestinal microflora and increase the biodiversity degree of intestinal bacteria in broiler chicks.

title: Effects of dietary XXXX -rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks.

entities_list: @entity35298 :: ('MESH:C016249', 'Chemical') :: ['avoparcin']

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['grape seed extract', 'GSE']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was undertaken in 60 @entity1 with @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor to compare topical 2% @entity14407 cream with topical 2% @entity5897 cream. Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete resolution of disease. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigation and regular clinical/symptomatic evaluation, both during and for 2 to 6 weeks after therapy. Fifty-three @entity1 satisfactorily completed the trial, 28 of whom received @entity14407 and 25 @entity5897 . The groups were adequately well-matched. All assessment criteria showed @entity14407 to be at least as efficacious as @entity5897 , with no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. A number of assessment criteria, however, did show trends in favour of @entity14407 . @entity14407 resulted in mycological findings becoming negative in 92%, i.e. all but 2 of 25 @entity1 , by the end of treatment and a similar proportion (91%, 21 of 23 @entity1 ) remained mycologically negative 2 to 4 weeks after the end of therapy. With @entity5897 , only 79% (19 of 24 @entity1 ) became mycologically negative during treatment and this figure decreased further to 74% (14 of 19 @entity1 ) after therapy. Essentially similar results were seen for clinical assessments of erythema, itching and desquamation, these features being significantly and progressively eliminated or improved by both treatments in high proportions of @entity1 during therapy, followed by little tendency to return after the cessation of therapy. Overall clinical assessments demonstrated statistically significant improvement during the second, third and fourth weeks of treatment with both drugs. Only 4 @entity1 (two with each treatment) were reported as showing clinical deterioration at any stage during the trial, in all cases after the end of therapy. There were no reports of local or systemic adverse reactions to either drug, and laboratory screening investigations failed to reveal any signs of @entity137 . These results indicate that a 4-week course of twice daily topical 2% @entity14407 cream is extremely well tolerated and is at least as efficacious as an equivalent regimen of 2% @entity5897 for the treatment of @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor. Trends in the results suggest that @entity14407 may prove to be more efficacious than @entity5897 , particularly in relation to elimination of laboratory evidence of persistent @entity364 , which could be reflected in a lower incidence of subsequent relapse of the disease.

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity14407 cream in cutaneous @entity364 : a comparison with XXXX cream.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis', 'cutaneous dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity14407 :: ('MESH:C033486', 'Chemical') :: ['fenticonazole', 'Fenticonazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis']

answer: @entity5897 :: (MESH:D008825,Chemical) :: ['miconazole']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was undertaken in 60 @entity1 with @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor to compare topical 2% @entity14407 cream with topical 2% @entity5897 cream. Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete resolution of disease. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigation and regular clinical/symptomatic evaluation, both during and for 2 to 6 weeks after therapy. Fifty-three @entity1 satisfactorily completed the trial, 28 of whom received @entity14407 and 25 @entity5897 . The groups were adequately well-matched. All assessment criteria showed @entity14407 to be at least as efficacious as @entity5897 , with no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. A number of assessment criteria, however, did show trends in favour of @entity14407 . @entity14407 resulted in mycological findings becoming negative in 92%, i.e. all but 2 of 25 @entity1 , by the end of treatment and a similar proportion (91%, 21 of 23 @entity1 ) remained mycologically negative 2 to 4 weeks after the end of therapy. With @entity5897 , only 79% (19 of 24 @entity1 ) became mycologically negative during treatment and this figure decreased further to 74% (14 of 19 @entity1 ) after therapy. Essentially similar results were seen for clinical assessments of erythema, itching and desquamation, these features being significantly and progressively eliminated or improved by both treatments in high proportions of @entity1 during therapy, followed by little tendency to return after the cessation of therapy. Overall clinical assessments demonstrated statistically significant improvement during the second, third and fourth weeks of treatment with both drugs. Only 4 @entity1 (two with each treatment) were reported as showing clinical deterioration at any stage during the trial, in all cases after the end of therapy. There were no reports of local or systemic adverse reactions to either drug, and laboratory screening investigations failed to reveal any signs of @entity137 . These results indicate that a 4-week course of twice daily topical 2% @entity14407 cream is extremely well tolerated and is at least as efficacious as an equivalent regimen of 2% @entity5897 for the treatment of @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor. Trends in the results suggest that @entity14407 may prove to be more efficacious than @entity5897 , particularly in relation to elimination of laboratory evidence of persistent @entity364 , which could be reflected in a lower incidence of subsequent relapse of the disease.

title: Clinical evaluation of XXXX cream in cutaneous @entity364 : a comparison with @entity5897 cream.

answer: @entity14407 :: (MESH:C033486,Chemical) :: ['fenticonazole']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was undertaken in 60 @entity1 with @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor to compare topical 2% @entity14407 cream with topical 2% @entity5897 cream. Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete resolution of disease. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigation and regular clinical/symptomatic evaluation, both during and for 2 to 6 weeks after therapy. Fifty-three @entity1 satisfactorily completed the trial, 28 of whom received @entity14407 and 25 @entity5897 . The groups were adequately well-matched. All assessment criteria showed @entity14407 to be at least as efficacious as @entity5897 , with no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. A number of assessment criteria, however, did show trends in favour of @entity14407 . @entity14407 resulted in mycological findings becoming negative in 92%, i.e. all but 2 of 25 @entity1 , by the end of treatment and a similar proportion (91%, 21 of 23 @entity1 ) remained mycologically negative 2 to 4 weeks after the end of therapy. With @entity5897 , only 79% (19 of 24 @entity1 ) became mycologically negative during treatment and this figure decreased further to 74% (14 of 19 @entity1 ) after therapy. Essentially similar results were seen for clinical assessments of erythema, itching and desquamation, these features being significantly and progressively eliminated or improved by both treatments in high proportions of @entity1 during therapy, followed by little tendency to return after the cessation of therapy. Overall clinical assessments demonstrated statistically significant improvement during the second, third and fourth weeks of treatment with both drugs. Only 4 @entity1 (two with each treatment) were reported as showing clinical deterioration at any stage during the trial, in all cases after the end of therapy. There were no reports of local or systemic adverse reactions to either drug, and laboratory screening investigations failed to reveal any signs of @entity137 . These results indicate that a 4-week course of twice daily topical 2% @entity14407 cream is extremely well tolerated and is at least as efficacious as an equivalent regimen of 2% @entity5897 for the treatment of @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor. Trends in the results suggest that @entity14407 may prove to be more efficacious than @entity5897 , particularly in relation to elimination of laboratory evidence of persistent @entity364 , which could be reflected in a lower incidence of subsequent relapse of the disease.

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity14407 cream in cutaneous XXXX : a comparison with @entity5897 cream.

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoplastic cells accumulate @entity1760 , an event which provides selective advantages and is frequently associated with @entity46756 overexpression. Little is known about @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity5 cells. Therefore, we used the @entity694 LoVo cell model and compared @entity632 -resistant to sensitive cells. In resistant cells the concentration of total @entity1760 is higher while its influx capacity is lower than in sensitive cells. Accordingly, resistant cells express lower amounts of the @entity31566 and 7, both involved in @entity1760 transport. While decreased @entity31566 levels are due to transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional events are involved in reducing the amounts of @entity46756 . Indeed, the calpain inhibitor @entity46404 markedly increases the levels of @entity46756 in resistant cells. In @entity632 -sensitive cells, silencing @entity46756 shifts the phenotype to one more similar to resistant cells, since in these cells silencing @entity46756 significantly decreases the influx of @entity1760 , increases its intracellular concentration and increases resistance to @entity632 . On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates @entity46756 , decreases intracellular @entity1760 and enhances the sensitivity to @entity632 of resistant LoVo cells. We conclude that in LoVo cells drug resistance is associated with alteration of @entity1760 homeostasis through modulation of @entity46756 . Our data suggest that @entity46756 expression may be an additional undisclosed player in chemoresistance.

title: @entity1760 homeostasis in XXXX LoVo cells sensitive or resistant to @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity46404 :: ('MESH:C071482', 'Chemical') :: ['calpeptin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoplastic cells accumulate @entity1760 , an event which provides selective advantages and is frequently associated with @entity46756 overexpression. Little is known about @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity5 cells. Therefore, we used the @entity694 LoVo cell model and compared @entity632 -resistant to sensitive cells. In resistant cells the concentration of total @entity1760 is higher while its influx capacity is lower than in sensitive cells. Accordingly, resistant cells express lower amounts of the @entity31566 and 7, both involved in @entity1760 transport. While decreased @entity31566 levels are due to transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional events are involved in reducing the amounts of @entity46756 . Indeed, the calpain inhibitor @entity46404 markedly increases the levels of @entity46756 in resistant cells. In @entity632 -sensitive cells, silencing @entity46756 shifts the phenotype to one more similar to resistant cells, since in these cells silencing @entity46756 significantly decreases the influx of @entity1760 , increases its intracellular concentration and increases resistance to @entity632 . On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates @entity46756 , decreases intracellular @entity1760 and enhances the sensitivity to @entity632 of resistant LoVo cells. We conclude that in LoVo cells drug resistance is associated with alteration of @entity1760 homeostasis through modulation of @entity46756 . Our data suggest that @entity46756 expression may be an additional undisclosed player in chemoresistance.

title: @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity694 LoVo cells sensitive or resistant to XXXX .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoplastic cells accumulate @entity1760 , an event which provides selective advantages and is frequently associated with @entity46756 overexpression. Little is known about @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity5 cells. Therefore, we used the @entity694 LoVo cell model and compared @entity632 -resistant to sensitive cells. In resistant cells the concentration of total @entity1760 is higher while its influx capacity is lower than in sensitive cells. Accordingly, resistant cells express lower amounts of the @entity31566 and 7, both involved in @entity1760 transport. While decreased @entity31566 levels are due to transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional events are involved in reducing the amounts of @entity46756 . Indeed, the calpain inhibitor @entity46404 markedly increases the levels of @entity46756 in resistant cells. In @entity632 -sensitive cells, silencing @entity46756 shifts the phenotype to one more similar to resistant cells, since in these cells silencing @entity46756 significantly decreases the influx of @entity1760 , increases its intracellular concentration and increases resistance to @entity632 . On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates @entity46756 , decreases intracellular @entity1760 and enhances the sensitivity to @entity632 of resistant LoVo cells. We conclude that in LoVo cells drug resistance is associated with alteration of @entity1760 homeostasis through modulation of @entity46756 . Our data suggest that @entity46756 expression may be an additional undisclosed player in chemoresistance.

title: XXXX homeostasis in @entity694 LoVo cells sensitive or resistant to @entity632 .

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although @entity717 cuff repair is minimally invasive, there is still considerable @entity282 , especially during the first 48hours. The present study assessed the short-term efficacy and safety of @entity3661 ( @entity3661 ) injection associated to corticosteroids in @entity717 cuff tear surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A single-center prospective randomized study included 50 @entity1 undergoing @entity717 cuff tear surgery. The study group received subacromial injection of a mixture of @entity1286 , @entity1342 and @entity1667 associated to intra-articular injection of @entity1286 plus @entity1667 ; the control group received only isotonic saline. All @entity1 had had 24hours self-administered @entity1286 associated to standard analgesia. Postoperative data were recorded at 30minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24hours: @entity158 intensity, @entity1286 intake and side effects, and also time to first @entity1286 bolus and additional analgesic intake. Constant, ASES and SST functional scores were recorded at 3 months. RESULTS: @entity282 was significantly less intense in the @entity3661 group than in controls at 30min, H1, H4, H6, @entity37978 , @entity52910 and H24 (P<0.05). A rebound at D10 occurred in both groups. During the first 24hours, @entity3661 significantly reduced cumulative resort to @entity1286 (P<0.05 at H1/2, P<0.001 at H1-24). Mean time to first bolus was significantly longer in the @entity3661 group (71.6 vs. 33min; P<0.05). The rate of opioid-related side effects was similar between groups. At last follow-up, functional scores were similar between groups. There were no cases of @entity281 or delayed @entity272 . CONCLUSION: @entity3661 associated to corticosteroids after @entity717 cuff tear surgery provided immediate benefit in terms of analgesia and @entity1286 sparing, without apparent risk of @entity281 . The practice is presently little known in France and deserves longer-term assessment, especially as regards functional rehabilitation and tendon healing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Efficacy of multimodal analgesia injection combined with corticosteroids after XXXX cuff repair.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin healing']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['arthroscopic rotator']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3661 :: ('MESH:D051271', 'Disease') :: ['MMA', 'multimodal analgesic']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['arthroscopic rotator']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning (SRP) yields better results than SRP alone or associated with systemic antibiotics in the treatment of @entity146 ( @entity146 ). A meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statements and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. The search for relevant studies (earliest record to January 2015) was carried out in seven databases, followed by a manual search. Methodological quality assessment of the studies selected was based on an analysis of the risk of bias. At each time point of follow-up, the existence of significant differences (p   <   0.05) in clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and @entity92 ( @entity92 ) reduction (primary outcomes) between groups was assessed with RevMan software 5.0. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Higgin test (I (2)). Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) satisfied the eligibility criteria of this review. Only one study was found to have a low risk of bias. There were no significant differences in @entity92 reduction (mean difference 0.33, 95  % confidence interval -0.32 to 0.98, p   =   0.32) and @entity922 (mean difference 0.20, 95  % confidence interval -0.41 to 0.81, p   =   0.53) between the test and control interventions. At present, therefore, when compared to SRP alone or associated with systemic antibiotics, the evidence suggests that the association of aPDT   +   SRP is of no additional benefit in the nonsurgical treatment of @entity146 .

title: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['AgP', 'aggressive periodontitis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive periodontitis']


abstract: We performed a population-based case-control study of risk factors for primary invasive @entity327 type b (Hib) disease in metropolitan Atlanta from July 1, 1983, through June 30, 1984. Active surveillance identified 102 cases in @entity1 less than 5 years of age, 89 of whom lived in households with telephones. We used random digit dialing to select 530 controls who were postmatched to cases by age. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between @entity6932 and two independent exposure factors, household crowding (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.3 to 5.6) and day-care attendance. For day-care attendance, relative risk was highest in 2- to 5-month-old @entity1 (OR 17.7, 95% CL 5.8 to 54.4) and declined to 9.4 (4.3 to 20.9) at ages 6 to 11 months, 5.0 (2.7 to 9.3) at 12 to 23 months, 2.7 (1.3 to 5.5) at 24 to 35 months, and 1.4 (0.5 to 4.0) in 36- to 59-month-old @entity1 . Fifty percent of all invasive @entity6932 that occurred during the study period was attributable to exposure to day-care; the attributable risk for household crowding was 18%. Dose-response effects were observed for hours per week of day-care attendance and extent of household crowding. Breast-feeding was protective for @entity1 less than 6 months of age (OR 0.08, 95% CL 0.01 to 0.59). After controlling for socioeconomic and other confounding factors, we could demonstrate no effect of black race on cumulative risk of invasive @entity6932 . Our study defines high-risk groups and provides a population-based model of the interrelationship between risk factors associated with invasive @entity6932 .

title: Primary invasive XXXX type b disease: a population-based assessment of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hib disease']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: ABSTRACT: A workshop was held at the National Institute for @entity6 and Digestive and @entity8 with a focus on the impact of sleep and circadian disruption on energy balance and @entity6 . The workshop identified a number of key principles for research in this area and a number of specific opportunities. Studies in this area would be facilitated by active collaboration between investigators in sleep/circadian research and investigators in metabolism/ @entity6 . There is a need to translate the elegant findings from basic research into improving the metabolic health of the American public. There is also a need for investigators studying the impact of sleep/circadian disruption in @entity1 to move beyond measurements of @entity2690 and @entity413 and conduct more in-depth phenotyping. There is also a need for the assessments of sleep and circadian rhythms as well as assessments for @entity25 @entity1353 to be incorporated into all ongoing cohort studies related to @entity6 risk. Studies in @entity1 need to complement the elegant short-term laboratory-based @entity1 studies of simulated short sleep and shift work etc. with studies in subjects in the general population with these disorders. It is conceivable that chronic adaptations occur, and if so, the mechanisms by which they occur needs to be identified and understood. Particular areas of opportunity that are ready for translation are studies to address whether CPAP treatment of @entity1 with @entity27 (OSA) prevents or delays the onset of @entity6 and whether temporal restricted feeding has the same impact on @entity28 rates in @entity1 as it does in @entity19 .

title: Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disruption on Energy Balance and XXXX : A Summary of Workshop Discussions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['pre-diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical spectrum, management and outcome of @entity7553 . METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised microbiological records of all the babies admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 2009 to January 2014 that were reviewed to identify those with positive candida cultures. Medical records were analysed for demographic and clinical spectrum features, management and outcome. SPSS 16 was used statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the total 1550 neonatal admissions, 560 (36%) had positive cultures, and, of them, candida was isolated in 49(8.8%) neonates. Among them, 13(26%) had @entity5132 and the rest had candida species. Majority were males 34(70%), and preterm with 30(61%) being <37 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2000  873 grams. Mean age at admission was 6  7.6 days. Overall, 39(80%) had >= 2 risk factors. The commonest site of isolation was blood in 41(84%). Besides, 32 (65%) received @entity2380 alone for treatment. Mean duration of anti-fungal therapy was 10  5 days (range: 1-21 days). Twelve (24%) neonates expired and the cause of @entity204 was @entity295 in 10(20%) cases. Mortality was not significantly associated with gender, place of birth, gestation, risk factors, length of stay, prior antibiotic exposure or receipt of antifungal prophylaxis except those who were  <=1500 grams (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in ten at-risk neonates may develop @entity295 with high mortality. Early institution of anti-fungal therapy may prove to be life-saving.

title: Clinical spectrum, management and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['candida sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['candida albicans']

answer: @entity7553 :: (MESH:D002177,Disease) :: ['neonatal candidiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported that various types of @entity401 ( @entity401 ) patterns contain intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions or Mallory bodies (inclusions) that are ubiquitin positive (Ub+). In the present study, we examined tissues with the @entity3616 pattern (OP) to determine if they contain inclusions and Ub+ pneumocytes using lobectomized specimens. METHODS: Tissues from 34 @entity1 with secondary OP, which appeared in 33 @entity189 and 1 @entity1997 , were histologically evaluated for the type of intraluminal granulation tissue and the presence of @entity2681 and inclusions. Granulation tissues were classified into polypoid, mural and occluded subtypes according to Basset's criteria and scored. RESULTS: Inclusions were noted in 5.9% of the secondary OP cases with light microscope. Ub+ pneumocytes were detected after immunostaining and all inclusions were Ub+. Ub+ pneumocytes (inclusions) were noted in 14.7% of the secondary OP cases. OP contained pneumocyte @entity2681 and @entity32 without a significant difference in the Ub+ and Ub- subgroups. Although there was no significant difference in the polypoid type of granulation tissue between the Ub+ and Ub- negative (Ub-) subgroups, the Ub+ subgroup had significant increases (p<0.05) in the mural-occluded type of granulation tissue (Ub+: 1.76  0.64, n=5 vs. Ub-: 0.72  0.87, n=29) as compared to the Ub- subgroup. CONCLUSION: Some @entity1 with secondary OP had Ub+ inclusions as @entity130 .

title: Ubiquitin-positive pneumocytes and inclusion bodies are present in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abscess']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pneumocyte injury']

answer: @entity3616 :: (MESH:D018549,Disease) :: ['secondary organizing pneumonia']


abstract: Hemisection of the @entity35 spinal cord at thoracic level 13 provides a model of @entity1566 that is characterized by @entity1118 attributable to hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons. Presuming that this hyperexcitability can be explained in part by interruption of descending inhibitory modulation by @entity750 , we hypothesized that intrathecal transplantation of RN46A-B14 serotonergic precursor cells, which secrete @entity750 and @entity2136 , would reduce this hyperexcitability by normalizing the responses of low-threshold mechanoreceptive, nociceptive-specific, and multireceptive dorsal horn neurons. Three groups (n=45 total) of 30-day-old male @entity35 underwent thoracic level 13 spinal hemisection, after which four weeks were allowed for development of @entity1931 and @entity1931 . The three groups of animals received transplants of no cells, 10(6) RN46A-V1 (vector-only) or 10(6) RN46A-B14 cells at lumbar segments 2-3. Electrophysiological experiments were done two weeks later. Low-threshold mechanoreceptive, nociceptive-specific, and multireceptive cells (n=394 total) were isolated at depths of 1-300 and 301-1000 micro in the lumbar enlargement. Responses to innocuous and noxious peripheral stimuli were characterized, and analyses of population responses were performed. Compared with normal animals, dorsal horn neurons of all types in hemisected animals showed increased responsiveness to peripheral stimuli. This was true for neurons on both sides of the spinal cord. After hemisection, the proportion of neurons classified as multireceptive cells increased, and interspike intervals of spontaneous discharges became less uniform after hemisection. Transplantation of RN46A-B14 cells restored evoked responses to near-control levels, normalized background activity, and returned the proportion of multireceptive cells to the control level. Restoration of normal activity was reversed with @entity3858 .These electrophysiological results corroborate anatomical and behavioral studies showing the effectiveness of serotonergic neural precursors in correcting phenomena associated with @entity1118 following @entity1566 , and provide mechanistic insights regarding mode of action.

title: Serotonergic neural precursor cell grafts attenuate bilateral hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons after spinal hemisection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'chronic central pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We reviewed 530 @entity1 treated with anatrophic nephrolithotomy during a 14.5-year period. Significant postoperative @entity8 occurred in 34 cases (6.4 per cent). The average postoperative blood transfusion requirement in this group was 5,279 cc. @entity548 @entity1 were significantly older and they had worse renal function compared to the nonbleeding group. If @entity548 did not begin immediately it usually started 5 to 8 days postoperatively. @entity548 were identified in 6 @entity1 and correction allowed nonoperative management in 4. Epsilon @entity7115 was helpful only in the treatment of @entity1 with slow, lower @entity548 . Eight @entity1 required 9 open renal explorations to control @entity548 . Two @entity2548 and 1 false @entity439 were identified. An attempt at angiographic embolization of an @entity2548 was unsuccessful. Only 1 @entity1 required a nephrectomy (1 of 34 or 2.9 per cent) and there was no mortality. A treatment plan for this complication is described.

title: Postoperative anatrophic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Bleeding', 'bleeding', 'Bleeding dyscrasias', 'volume bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['nephrolithotomy bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2633 is a @entity158 affecting the proximal enthesis of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been highlighted as an important diagnostic tool, to our knowledge no previous study has established the observer reliability of MRI for @entity2633 or the relationship between MRI abnormalities of the common extensor origin and the @entity1 's clinical assessment. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive subjects with a clinical diagnosis of chronic @entity2633 were assessed. An MRI scoring system was used to grade the degree of @entity924 and @entity924 of the common extensor origin from the lateral epicondyle. Three independent musculoskeletal radiologists, who were blinded to @entity1 clinical severity, scored images separately. Each scored the images on 3 separate occasions. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) and Upper Extremity Functional Scale clinical measures. Maximum pain levels were scored on a visual analog scale, and objective assessment was made with grip strength. RESULTS: Moderate or severe signal changes consistent with @entity924 were observed in 18 of 21 @entity1 . Significant inter-observer reliability and intra-observer agreement were demonstrated for MRI interpretation of grade of @entity924 and @entity924 . Significant negative correlation was found between the @entity924 and both the QuickDASH and maximum pain levels. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is a reliable tool in determining radiological severity of @entity2633 . However, the severity of MRI signal changes does not positively correlate with symptoms. These findings question the validity of MRI in the assessment of @entity2633 .

title: The reliability and validity of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'Lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['length of tendon separation', 'tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) was originally developed based on data from @entity1 who underwent the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. An updated @entity3851 based on data from @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation should improve mortality prediction and allocation efficiency. METHODS: Wait-list data from adult primary liver transplantation candidates from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network were divided into a model derivation set (2005-2006; n=14,214) and validation set (2007-2008; n=13,945). Cox regression analysis was used to derive and validate an optimized model that updated coefficients and upper and lower bounds for @entity3851 components and included serum levels of @entity1372 . Main outcomes measure was ability to predict 90-day mortality of @entity1 on the liver transplantation wait list. RESULTS: Optimized @entity3851 score updated coefficients and implemented new upper and lower bounds for @entity1011 (0.8 and 3.0 mg/dL, respectively) and international normalized ratio (1 and 3, respectively). Serum @entity1372 concentrations significantly predicted mortality, even after adjusting for the updated @entity3851 model. The final model, based on updated fit of the 4 variables (ie, @entity648 , @entity1011 , international normalized ratio, and @entity1372 ) had a modest yet statistically significant gain in discrimination (concordance: 0.878 vs 0.865; P<.01) in the validation dataset. Utilization of the new score could affect up to 12% of @entity1 (based on changed score for 459 of 3981 transplants in the validation set). CONCLUSIONS: Modification of @entity3851 score to update coefficients, change upper and lower bounds, and incorporate serum @entity1372 levels improved wait-list mortality prediction and should increase efficiency of allocation of donated livers.

title: A revised model for end-stage liver disease optimizes prediction of mortality among XXXX awaiting liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End Stage Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 of the @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) is a common condition causing significant disability. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether an intra-articular corticosteroid injection leads to @entity158 relief and increased function and what is the duration and magnitude of this effect. METHODS: A systematic review with a critical appraisal of identified studies that met the inclusion criteria was performed. Two authors performed the literature review by independently searching the Cochrane, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS: A total of 118 relevant articles were found, but only nine studies met the inclusion criteria which included 4 double-blinded randomised control trials (RCTs) and 5 prospective case series. There is some evidence in the literature to support the efficacy of @entity479 injections into the @entity2720 . Most studies do suggest a good short-term benefit. However, one identifies no benefit over placebo but two studies found a benefit lasting at least 6  months. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that there are potentially significant although short-term benefits to be gained from @entity479 injections into the @entity2720 . They can lead to @entity158 relief and improved function, certainly in the first 1 to 3  months post-injection. @entity479 injections are a low-risk procedure and are helpful in delaying or avoiding the need for surgery.

title: Intra-articular corticosteroid injections to manage trapeziometacarpal XXXX -a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'trapeziometacarpal joint']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glycosidases profusion in male reproductive fluids suggests a possible relationship with sperm function. Although Hexosaminidase (Hex) is the most active glycosidase in epididymal fluid and seminal plasma, as well as in spermatozoa, Glucosidase is considered a marker for epididymal function and @entity3893 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine Hex activity in seminal plasma from @entity1 with normal and abnormal spermograms and analyze its correlation with seminal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, seminal plasma from azoospermic, asthenozoospermic, teratozoospermic, and normozoospermic @entity1 was analyzed for the activity of: total Hex, @entity12744 isoform, and glucosidase. Besides, @entity21775 levels were determined, and the amount of Hex was quantified by immunoblot with a specific antibody. Correlation of Hex activity with seminal parameters was also analyzed. RESULTS: Hex activity, like glucosidase, was significantly reduced in azoospermic samples (44, 49, and 60% reduction for total Hex, @entity12744 and glucosidase, respectively). A reduced amount of Hex in azoospermic samples was confirmed by western immunoblot. Hex activity was negatively correlated with round cells in azoospermic samples and positively correlated with motility in asthenozoospermic ones. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that Hex activity was reduced in azoospermic samples and this was due to a lower amount of enzyme. The correlation to seminal parameters related to particular pathologies suggests a possible relationship of Hex with fertilizing capacity.

title: Seminal plasma hexosaminidase in XXXX with normal and abnormal spermograms.

entities_list: @entity21775 :: ('CHEBI:24586', 'Chemical') :: ['hexosamine']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity244 , a rare benign disease with indolent course, is best described as an association between soft tissue @entity3291 and @entity82 of the bones. In this report, we describe the first case of this syndrome from Saudi Arabia. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old male in  overall good health status, presented with progressive left knee swelling over 6 years with no other associated symptoms. The swelling measured 5  cm in diameter, with smooth surface, and soft palpable texture. Radiological examination followed by histopathological examination of the excised mass confirmed our diagnosis of @entity244 . The @entity1 was closely followed up with systematic examination with no recurrence. DISCUSSION: @entity82 , soft tissue @entity3291 and @entity66 like @entity4262 characterize @entity244 . Furthermore, @entity82 is found to be associated with GNA1S gene mutation. Many @entity1 can have asymptomatic course of the disease but may present with pathological @entity174 , @entity158 , and limitation of movement when the @entity3291 is near the joints or just simple cosmetically disturbing swelling like in our case. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with such presentation need to be investigated thoroughly to rule out associated diseases and to evaluate the extent of such pathology. The improvement of radiological modalities can help in narrowing the differential diagnosis and following the @entity1 to early detect the recurrence or any @entity5 .

title: XXXX : Report of its first incidence in the Middle East and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrinological diseases']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of the condition']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Mazabraud's syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Mazabraud's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) expect and perceive social rejection stronger than healthy individuals. Shifting ones attention from oneself to others has been suggested as a mechanism to deal with the experience of social rejection. Here, we investigated whether @entity4225 @entity1 avoid increased self-awareness and whether this is done intentionally. METHODS: Thirty @entity4225 @entity1 and 30 healthy control @entity1 , all na  ve of the study's purpose, were asked to choose either a seat facing a mirror (self-awareness) or not facing the mirror (avoidance of self-awareness). Afterwards they were asked to indicate if they have chosen the seat intentionally. RESULTS: @entity4225 @entity1 avoided as a trend the chair facing the mirror more often than healthy control @entity1 . 90  % of the @entity1 reported that they made their seating decision intentionally in contrast to 26.7  % of the healthy @entity1 (odd ratio   =   24.75). CONCLUSIONS: Results revealed altered reactions to self-awareness cues in @entity4225 . While @entity4225 @entity1 avoided such a cue slightly more often, they were more often aware of their behavior than healthy @entity1 . As possible explanations, a negative body related, shame-prone self-concept as well as a simultaneously increased degree of self-focused attention are suggested.

title: Can't stand the look in the mirror? Self-awareness avoidance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'Borderline Personality Disorder']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['borderline personality disorder']