abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dropout from mental health treatment poses a substantial problem, but rates vary substantially across studies and diagnoses. Focused reviews are needed to provide more detailed estimates for specific areas of research. Randomized clinical trials involving individual psychotherapy for @entity308 are ubiquitous and important, but empirical data on average dropout rates from these studies is lacking. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of 54 such studies (N=5852) including 80 psychotherapy conditions, and evaluated a number of predictors of treatment- and study-level dropout rates. Our overall weighted dropout estimates were 19.9% at the study level, and 17.5% for psychotherapy conditions specifically. Therapy orientation did not significantly account for variance in dropout estimates, but estimates were significantly higher in psychotherapy conditions with more @entity1 of minority racial status or with @entity1314 . Treatment duration was also positively associated with dropout rates at trend level. Studies with an inactive control comparison had higher dropout rates than those without such a condition. Limitations include the inability to test certain potential predictors (e.g., socioeconomic status) due to infrequent reporting. Overall, our findings suggest the need to consider how specific @entity1 and study characteristics may influence dropout rates in clinical research on individual therapy for @entity308 .

title: Dropout from individual psychotherapy for XXXX : A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'unipolar depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: A second nationwide survey was conducted to determine the outcome of pregnancy in long-term survivors of @entity3052 and to clarify the influence of treatment on the offspring of long-term survivors. In July 1996, 336 survey responses were received from the 498 Japanese institutions surveyed. A total of 89 cases (39 spouses of male @entity1 and 50 female @entity1 ) who had babies during their first remission were analyzed, including 43 @entity1 from the first survey in 1991. Median age at the birth of first baby was 30.7 years for male @entity1 and 28.6 years for female @entity1 . A total of 109 of the 117 pregnancies resulted in live births and eight resulted in abortions. A total of 58 cases had single @entity1 and 23 cases had two or more, generally from separate pregnancies, but including two pairs of twins. The @entity1 was male in 59 cases, female in 37 and gender was not reported in 13 cases. Ages of @entity1 ranged from 2 months to 20 years at the time of this study and all @entity1 were in good health. There were two minor anomalies, both of which were surgically corrected. Of the 81 parents bearing live @entity1 , 75 remained in complete remission. Five fathers died (four of relapse and one of another disease). In conclusion, there was no apparent @entity14422 or @entity154 in the @entity1 of long-term survivors with @entity3052 .

title: Pregnancy among long-term survivors of XXXX . A second nationwide survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity14422 :: ('MESH:D011248', 'Disease') :: ['increase in pregnancy complications']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and antiparkinsonian medication (Meds) have proved to be effective therapies for treating @entity2845 in @entity191 . However, it is not currently known how or to what extent STN stimulation alters the control signals to agonist and antagonist muscles to change movement speed. Our objective was to investigate movement speed along with the amplitude and temporal features of EMG activity to determine how and to what extent these parameters are changed by DBS and medication. Nine @entity1 with @entity191 were studied following neurosurgery that implanted high-frequency stimulating electrodes in the STN. The experiments for the @entity1 were performed in each of four treatment conditions: (i) OFF treatment; (ii) STN DBS; (iii) Meds; and (iv) Meds plus STN DBS. Also, a group of age- and gender-matched control subjects were examined. Medication and DBS had similar effects in that both treatments increased movement speed, increased the amplitude of the first agonist burst, increased burst duration, reduced the number of agonist bursts, reduced cocontraction, increased the size of the antagonist EMG, and reduced the centroid time of the antagonist EMG. When DBS and medication were combined, only temporal measures of burst duration and the number of agonist bursts were different from the medication alone condition. There was a positive association between the level of @entity2845 OFF treatment and the level of @entity2845 following DBS and medication. The movement speed of neurologically normal control subjects' was over 40% higher during both flexion and extension movements when compared with the @entity1 during Meds plus STN DBS. The changes in the muscle activation patterns provide a mechanism of action for the pharmacological and surgical interventions used to treat @entity2845 in @entity191 . However, despite the success of medication and DBS at improving @entity2845 in @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity1 ' movement speed was not restored to normal due to limitations in the amplitude and temporal scaling of the agonist and antagonist bursting pattern. These findings suggest a link between basal ganglia function in scaling both the amplitude and temporal parameters of the input to the motor neuron pool.

title: Effects of deep brain stimulation and medication on @entity2845 and muscle activation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and antiparkinsonian medication (Meds) have proved to be effective therapies for treating @entity2845 in @entity191 . However, it is not currently known how or to what extent STN stimulation alters the control signals to agonist and antagonist muscles to change movement speed. Our objective was to investigate movement speed along with the amplitude and temporal features of EMG activity to determine how and to what extent these parameters are changed by DBS and medication. Nine @entity1 with @entity191 were studied following neurosurgery that implanted high-frequency stimulating electrodes in the STN. The experiments for the @entity1 were performed in each of four treatment conditions: (i) OFF treatment; (ii) STN DBS; (iii) Meds; and (iv) Meds plus STN DBS. Also, a group of age- and gender-matched control subjects were examined. Medication and DBS had similar effects in that both treatments increased movement speed, increased the amplitude of the first agonist burst, increased burst duration, reduced the number of agonist bursts, reduced cocontraction, increased the size of the antagonist EMG, and reduced the centroid time of the antagonist EMG. When DBS and medication were combined, only temporal measures of burst duration and the number of agonist bursts were different from the medication alone condition. There was a positive association between the level of @entity2845 OFF treatment and the level of @entity2845 following DBS and medication. The movement speed of neurologically normal control subjects' was over 40% higher during both flexion and extension movements when compared with the @entity1 during Meds plus STN DBS. The changes in the muscle activation patterns provide a mechanism of action for the pharmacological and surgical interventions used to treat @entity2845 in @entity191 . However, despite the success of medication and DBS at improving @entity2845 in @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity1 ' movement speed was not restored to normal due to limitations in the amplitude and temporal scaling of the agonist and antagonist bursting pattern. These findings suggest a link between basal ganglia function in scaling both the amplitude and temporal parameters of the input to the motor neuron pool.

title: Effects of deep brain stimulation and medication on XXXX and muscle activation in @entity191 .

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['bradykinesia']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Intractable @entity1142 , especially of the slow-transit subtype, may represent several pathophysiologic entities with a common final symptomatic appearance. An overall impairment of colonic propulsive activity may represent a major disease mechanism. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-nine severely @entity1142 @entity1 with clinical and homogeneous features of @entity73 that were unresponsive to conventional medical measures and 16 age-matched healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-four-hour manometric recordings obtained in @entity1 and controls to assess high- and low-amplitude colonic propulsive activity. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 showed heavily reduced high-amplitude propagated activity (average, <1 event per subject per day). No differences were found in low-amplitude propagated activity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with severe @entity1142 that is refractory to medical treatment may display an important reduction of colonic forceful propulsive activity. This may justify a surgical approach, which may offer the best results in such @entity1 . It is, however, important to obtain thorough physiologic documentation before such a drastic approach is considered. The residual low-amplitude propulsive activity might represent a partially compensatory mechanism in these @entity1 . Studies in more homogeneous groups of such @entity1 are needed.

title: Colonic propulsive impairment in intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-transit constipation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipated', 'constipation']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['slow-transit constipation']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: An aggressive strategy that includes extended lymphadenectomy and vein resection may improve the results of surgical treatment of @entity788 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized control trial. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : The study included 149 consecutive @entity1 undergoing macroscopically curative resection for @entity420 from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 1998. INTERVENTIONS: A standard resection was performed in 122 cases; an extended lymphadenectomy in 37. Twenty-four @entity1 underwent venous resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data on surgical mortality, morbidity, and postoperative outcome, pathological findings, and long-term survival were analyzed. RESULTS: In-hospital and 60-day operative mortality was 5.4%. Morbidity was 37.5%. Mortality, morbidity, and postoperative stay were nonsignificantly modified by extended lymphadenectomy or venous resection. Extended resection permitted the identification of a significantly higher percentage of nodal metastases beyond the peripancreatic node groups. In @entity1 undergoing vein resection, a significantly higher rate of positive retroperitoneal margin was found. In the 100 @entity1 with @entity420 , the median overall survival and the 5-year actuarial survival rate were 15 months and 8.4%, respectively. A trend toward a better survival was observed in the first 2 years after operation in the extended resection group compared with the standard resection group. Nodal status was the most powerful predictor of overall survival by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Extended lymphadenectomy and vein resection did not adversely affect postoperative mortality and morbidity. @entity1 who required a vein resection were less likely to receive a microscopically curative pancreatectomy. Extended resection permitted better pathological staging and was associated with an early advantage in survival, but long-term survival was possible only in @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors.

title: Extended lymphadenectomy and vein resection for XXXX : outcomes and implications for therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma', 'periampullary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic head cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical pathologic features and therapeutic method of the primary @entity3270 in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx. METHOD: One case of atypical @entity5 in larynx is treated by epiglottidectomy. One case of atypical @entity5 in rhinopharynx is treated by radiotherapy. One case of typical @entity5 in middle ear is treated by exploratory incision and radical mastoidectomy. One case of @entity4153 in right nasal cavity is treated by resection and radiotherapy. RESULT: The @entity1 of atypical @entity5 in larynx died after 5 years and the @entity1 of atypical @entity5 in rhinopharynx died after 1 year. The @entity1 of typical @entity5 in middle ear was followed-up 3 years and the @entity1 of @entity4153 in right nasal cavity was followed-up 2 years, and the @entity189 didn't recrudesce. CONCLUSION: The primary @entity3270 in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx is classified in three states: typical @entity5 , atypical @entity5 and @entity4153 . Typical @entity5 is a kind of low @entity5 and @entity4153 is a kind of high @entity5 and atypical @entity5 is a kind of medium @entity5 . The chief therapeutic method of the primary @entity3270 in ear, nose, pharynx, larynx is surgical intervention.

title: [Four cases of primary XXXX in ear, nose, pharynx and larynx].

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: Currently there are three major surgical approaches into the sphenoid sinus during transsphenoidal microsurgery. The first approach is the sublabial incision with submucous resection along the nasal septum. It is particularly advantageous in @entity1 with small nasal apertures, in pediatric @entity1 , and for large @entity5 extending into the cavernous sinuses or into the clivus. The second approach, the transnasal submucous tunnel, is presently the most frequent technique used, although it provides the narrowest operation field. The third technique is the direct transnasal approach. This method is less destructive to structures in the nasal cavity and less time-consuming. In the period of 20 months the authors performed 81 transsphenoidal microsurgical operations in 44 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 . @entity227 was the most frequent indication for surgery in 42 cases, followed by hormonal abnormality in 24 @entity1 . The sublabial approach was used in 69 cases, the technique of transnasal submucous tunnel in 10 @entity1 , and the direct transnasal approach in 2 cases. The authors encountered no short-term or long-term complications related to various surgical approaches to the sphenoid sinus.

title: [Surgical approach to the sphenoid sinus in microsurgery of hypophyseal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity13639 is the single most common cause of @entity356 worldwide. Although infection prevention and eradication of established infection offer the potential for cure, these strategies are neither feasible nor practical for widespread implementation. @entity1 most at risk need to be identified and targeted for treatment. For disease to occur, bacterial, environmental, and nutritional factors require a genetically susceptible host. Consequently, it is important to understand how the organism interacts with the host to cause disease. Only through an understanding of what places a @entity1 at risk can we hope to identify susceptible @entity1 early enough in disease to have an impact on their outcome. The immune response is the single most important determinant of disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of several critical proinflammatory genes dramatically increase the risk of Helicobacter-associated @entity356 . Additionally, environmental and dietary factors may modulate the immune response or directly influence key apoptotic and proliferative signaling cascades to alter disease presentation. Lastly, concurrent disease states may have a dramatic impact on the host response to @entity13639 and influence disease. An understanding of the immune signaling pathways responsible for disease and the ways in which environmental risk factors influence these pathways will allow identification of populations that are most at risk and targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

title: Helicobacter and XXXX disease mechanisms: host response and disease susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Helicobacter infection']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to use high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) to compare the efficacy of four irrigation techniques [needle, ultrasonic, EndoActivator, and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS)] in removing @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ) from the root canal and isthmus of maxillary premolars. METHODS: Twenty-four maxillary first premolars were selected based on the presence of isthmus regions on micro-CT scans. Root canals were instrumented with an F2 file using ProTaper rotary instruments and filled with @entity15383 paste. Samples were stored at 37  C and 100% humidity for 1 week and randomly divided into four groups (n=6 each), according to irrigation technique. Samples were scanned with micro-CT before instrumentation, after @entity15383 filling, and after irrigation. @entity15383 reduction in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and in the isthmus were assessed with three-dimensional image analysis. Next, specimens were split longitudinally, and canal walls were examined with @entity4653 for @entity15383 residues. Data were statistically evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p=0.05). RESULTS: The PIPS and ultrasonic groups showed greater @entity15383 reduction in the apical third and higher cleanliness of the isthmus than the EndoActivator and needle irrigation groups (p<0.05). @entity15383 residue scores in the PIPS and ultrasonic groups were significantly lower than those in the EndoActivator and needle groups in all regions of the root canals (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between PIPS and ultrasonic groups (p>0.05), or between EndoActivator and needle groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PIPS and ultrasonic irrigation more effectively removed @entity15383 from the main canal and isthmus in maxillary premolars than did EndoActivator or needle irrigation.

title: Efficacy of Needle, Ultrasonic, and Endoactivator Irrigation and Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming in Removing XXXX from the Main Canal and Isthmus: An In Vitro Micro-Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Hydroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is important in the development of @entity731 . Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and @entity379 which participate in collagen degradation are pathological factors in plaque vulnerability as an important mechanism underlying @entity1187 . This study investigated whether @entity32 is related to the onset of @entity1187 . METHODS: This study included 56 @entity1 with @entity1187 (ACS group), 104 @entity1 with chronic @entity453 (S group), and 38 control subjects with no evidence of @entity741 (C group). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), @entity1495 , and @entity379 were measured in peripheral blood samples. Soluble adhesion molecules ( @entity4725 , @entity2071 ) were also measured as inflammatory markers. RESULTS: The hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the ACS group (44.5 mg/l) than in the S group (2.1 mg/l) and the C group (0.6 mg/l) (p < 0.0001). The @entity1495 level was also significantly higher in the ACS group (333.8 ng/ml) than in the S group (110.8 ng/ml) and the C group (72.0 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). The @entity4725 level was significantly higher in the ACS group (506.5 ng/ml) than in the C group (448.8 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The @entity2071 level and the @entity379 level did not differ between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of hs-CRP and the level of the collagen degradation product @entity1495 (r = 0.52) in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plaque destabilized by @entity1495 produced in response to @entity32 participates in the mechanism of @entity1187 .

title: Involvement of @entity32 in acute coronary syndromes assessed by levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is important in the development of @entity731 . Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and @entity379 which participate in collagen degradation are pathological factors in plaque vulnerability as an important mechanism underlying @entity1187 . This study investigated whether @entity32 is related to the onset of @entity1187 . METHODS: This study included 56 @entity1 with @entity1187 (ACS group), 104 @entity1 with chronic @entity453 (S group), and 38 control subjects with no evidence of @entity741 (C group). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), @entity1495 , and @entity379 were measured in peripheral blood samples. Soluble adhesion molecules ( @entity4725 , @entity2071 ) were also measured as inflammatory markers. RESULTS: The hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the ACS group (44.5 mg/l) than in the S group (2.1 mg/l) and the C group (0.6 mg/l) (p < 0.0001). The @entity1495 level was also significantly higher in the ACS group (333.8 ng/ml) than in the S group (110.8 ng/ml) and the C group (72.0 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). The @entity4725 level was significantly higher in the ACS group (506.5 ng/ml) than in the C group (448.8 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The @entity2071 level and the @entity379 level did not differ between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the level of hs-CRP and the level of the collagen degradation product @entity1495 (r = 0.52) in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that plaque destabilized by @entity1495 produced in response to @entity32 participates in the mechanism of @entity1187 .

title: Involvement of XXXX in acute coronary syndromes assessed by levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble @entity4725 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early recognition and management of milder cases of @entity879 in pregnancy (AFLP). METHODS: Twelve cases of AFLP treated in our hospital during the past two and half years were retrospectively studied with emphasis on symptoms, laboratory findings, liver biopsy and maternal complications. The 12 cases were classified into 2 groups. Group 1, 6 cases of advanced AFLP diagnosed clinically, were treated in the first year of the study. Group 2, 6 cases of milder AFLP diagnosed by postpartum liver biopsy, were treated during the last one and half years of the study. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at onset was 34 +/- 3 weeks. In the early stage, all cases had malaise, @entity390 , @entity1277 and @entity19138 followed by @entity1087 in the third trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory findings included raised transaminases (< or = 300 IU/L) and total serum @entity648 (32.5-510.8 micro mol/L) levels, @entity4988 (18-30 g/L), hypofibrogenemia (< 2.4 g/L), prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Maternal complications were frequent including @entity99 (9), @entity843 (9), @entity4053 (7), @entity177 (3), hematemesis (4), @entity1468 (6), and postpartum @entity548 (5). Cesarean sections were performed in 7 cases. In group 2, both mother and fetuses had 100% survival. However, the mortality of the mothers and fetuses in group 1 were both 50%. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing awareness, especially in the early recognition of AFLP cases and prompt progressive management, including early termination of pregnancy and large dose infusion of fresh frozen plasma, the prognosis of AFLP is obviously improved. Percutaneous liver biopsy should be done when the coagulation tests became normal and the amounts of @entity843 decreased after delivery.

title: [ XXXX in pregnancy: a clinicopathologic study].

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric distress']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Acute fatty liver']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognosis change and prognostic factors of @entity43 in recent over twenty years. METHODS: One hundred and fourty @entity1 with @entity43 were analyzed. They were divided into two groups based on their operation time. 56 @entity1 operated before Jan. 1980 were included in the first group, and the other 84 @entity1 in the second group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the two groups were calculated, and Cox model was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of the disease at univariate and multivariate levels using SPSS and SURVCALC software. RESULTS: There was no pathological difference in between the two groups, but the @entity1 in the second group received more aggressive chemotherapy. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 61.2%, 32.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. In the first group they were 42.3%, 29.6% and 4.5% respectively and in the second group 69.3%, 36.2%, and 11.2% respectively. The prognosis of the @entity1 in the second group was better than that in the first group, P < 0.05. Univariate analysis revealed that stage, grade, @entity41 size and chemotherapy were significant predictors of @entity1 ' outcome. COX regression analysis identified that they were all independent prognostic factors. The @entity1 with advanced, low grade, @entity41 (> 2 cm) had poor prognosis. The prognosis of the @entity1 who received equal or more than four, especially six cycles combined chemotherapy was improved. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of the @entity1 with advanced @entity43 has improved in recent over 10 years, higher optimal cytoreductive rate and equal or more than six cycles combined chemotherapy are important measures for the better prognosis of advanced @entity43 .

title: [Prognosis and prognostic factor analysis XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) possess a range of immunomodulatory properties which they exert through soluble mediators and through direct cell-cell contact. Due to these immune regulatory properties, the safety and clinical efficacy of MSC treatment has been tested in a number of @entity792 . In this review we analyze the current data from early phase trials into @entity30 , @entity1252 , and @entity309 . In general, no adverse side effects were observed in @entity1 treated with MSC; however, their clinical efficacy is difficult to interpret. Systemic or site-specific administration of MSC has been reported to exert potent immunomodulatory effects in 7 of the 11 trials discussed. Nonetheless, the mechanism(s) by which MSC exert their regulatory effects in vivo remain largely unknown. We discuss potential limitations or safety concerns associated with MSC therapy, including the heterogeneity of MSC and their potential contribution to disease pathogenesis, which need to be considered when designing future clinical trials, along with the need to standardize trial design. Although we are bridging the translational gap between scientific observations on MSC function and clinical applications for therapy, our understanding of basic MSC biology is still limited. Despite these issues, large, double-blinded, multicenter clinical trials are already underway. Further research into the endogenous function of MSC is required to elucidate the mechanism by which therapeutic MSC are acting.

title: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for XXXX : Risks and Rewards.

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Disease']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that the cerebellum has a role in the pathophysiology of primary @entity14978 and might provide an intervention target for non-invasive brain stimulation to improve function of the affected hand. The primary objective of this study was to determine if cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves handwriting and cyclic drawing kinematics in @entity1 with hand @entity3519 , by reducing cerebellar-brain inhibition (CBI) evoked by @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). Eight @entity1 with @entity3519 (5 writer's @entity3519 , 3 @entity20818 ) and eight age-matched controls completed the study and underwent cerebellar anodal, cathodal and sham tDCS in separate sessions. @entity3519 severity was assessed using the Writer's Cramp Rating Scale (WRCS) and the Arm @entity717 Scale (ADDS). The kinematic measures that differentiated the groups were; @entity64 frequency during handwriting and fast cyclic drawing and average pen pressure during light cyclic drawing. @entity9808 measures of cortical excitability were no different between @entity1 with @entity9680 and controls. There was a moderate, negative relationship between @entity9808 -evoked CBI at baseline and the WRCS in @entity3519 . Anodal cerebellar tDCS reduced handwriting @entity64 frequency and average pen pressure, and increased speed and reduced pen pressure during fast cyclic drawing. Kinematic measures were not associated with a decrease in CBI within an individual. In conclusion, cerebellar anodal tDCS appeared to improve kinematics of handwriting and circle drawing tasks; but the underlying neurophysiological mechanism remains uncertain. A study in a larger homogeneous population is needed to further investigate the possible therapeutic benefit of cerebellar tDCS in @entity3519 .

title: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the cerebellum improves handwriting and cyclic drawing kinematics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['mean stroke']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity20818 :: ('MESH:C567627', 'Disease') :: ["musician's dystonia"]

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', 'Dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Dystonia Disability']

answer: @entity14978 :: (MESH:C566973,Disease) :: ['focal hand dystonia']


abstract: In this work, a multi-wavelength model (MWM) is developed. It uses fluorescence bands in the @entity40834 (FA) spectrum that quench upon binding of inorganic @entity8863 to FA. Quenching data at pH values of 5, 6, and 7 are placed in sets, containing fluorescence measures at select wavelengths versus added @entity920 (CM). Intensity data of wavelength @entity13552 are obtained from 25 nm constant offset synchronous fluorescence spectra (SyF), in which are observed distinct peaks (lambda(ex) = 415 nm, lambda(em) = 440 nm; and lambda(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Wavelength @entity21044 intensity data are obtained from the FA fluorescence excitation and emission maxima (lambda(ex) = 335 nm, lambda(em) = 450 nm; and X(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Application of MWM shows that the multi-wavelength data sets characterize ligands of different binding strength (log K(x)) and concentration (C(Lx)). Corresponding to pH values of 5, 6, and 7, mean and standard deviation values for wavelength @entity13552 are log K(415/440) = 4.66 (0.12), 5.03 (0.12), and 5.05 (0.08), log K(471/496) = 4.93 (0.06), 5.27 (0.11), and 5.39 (0.09), C(415/440) = 3.1 (1.5), 10.9 (4.5), and 7.9 (3.9) microM, C(471/496) = 14.3 (3.0), 1.7 (0.6), and 1.4 (0.5) microM. And for wavelength @entity21044 , log K(335/450) = 4.50 (0.03), 4.96 (0.27), and 5.22 (0.08), log K(471/496) = 5.02 (0.04), 5.42 (0.32), and 5.71 (0.09), C(335/450) = 8.8 (0.5), 21.9 (7.9), and 18.7 (0.3) microM, C(471/496) = 21.0 (2.5), 7.17 (1.2), and 7.09 (0.3) micrpM. The ability of the 415/440 nm SyF transect to characterize the main excitation and emission maximum of FA at 335/440 nm is evaluated. Relatively low concentration values returned by the model for this transect (415/440 nm) suggest that it is not entirely illustrative of the maximum. The model predictive capability is verified at pH 6 with two fluorescing @entity8863 chelating organic compounds, @entity9109 and @entity3785 . This test confirms that the model is capable of providing good estimates of equilibrium binding parameters from multi-wavelength measurements of a mixed ligand system.

title: Multi-wavelength fluorescence-quenching model for determination of @entity8863 conditional stability constants and ligand concentrations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity40834 :: ('MESH:C005023', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvic acid']

answer: @entity40834 :: (MESH:C005023,Chemical) :: ['fulvic acid']


abstract: In this work, a multi-wavelength model (MWM) is developed. It uses fluorescence bands in the @entity40834 (FA) spectrum that quench upon binding of inorganic @entity8863 to FA. Quenching data at pH values of 5, 6, and 7 are placed in sets, containing fluorescence measures at select wavelengths versus added @entity920 (CM). Intensity data of wavelength @entity13552 are obtained from 25 nm constant offset synchronous fluorescence spectra (SyF), in which are observed distinct peaks (lambda(ex) = 415 nm, lambda(em) = 440 nm; and lambda(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Wavelength @entity21044 intensity data are obtained from the FA fluorescence excitation and emission maxima (lambda(ex) = 335 nm, lambda(em) = 450 nm; and X(ex) = 471 nm, lambda(em) = 496 nm). Application of MWM shows that the multi-wavelength data sets characterize ligands of different binding strength (log K(x)) and concentration (C(Lx)). Corresponding to pH values of 5, 6, and 7, mean and standard deviation values for wavelength @entity13552 are log K(415/440) = 4.66 (0.12), 5.03 (0.12), and 5.05 (0.08), log K(471/496) = 4.93 (0.06), 5.27 (0.11), and 5.39 (0.09), C(415/440) = 3.1 (1.5), 10.9 (4.5), and 7.9 (3.9) microM, C(471/496) = 14.3 (3.0), 1.7 (0.6), and 1.4 (0.5) microM. And for wavelength @entity21044 , log K(335/450) = 4.50 (0.03), 4.96 (0.27), and 5.22 (0.08), log K(471/496) = 5.02 (0.04), 5.42 (0.32), and 5.71 (0.09), C(335/450) = 8.8 (0.5), 21.9 (7.9), and 18.7 (0.3) microM, C(471/496) = 21.0 (2.5), 7.17 (1.2), and 7.09 (0.3) micrpM. The ability of the 415/440 nm SyF transect to characterize the main excitation and emission maximum of FA at 335/440 nm is evaluated. Relatively low concentration values returned by the model for this transect (415/440 nm) suggest that it is not entirely illustrative of the maximum. The model predictive capability is verified at pH 6 with two fluorescing @entity8863 chelating organic compounds, @entity9109 and @entity3785 . This test confirms that the model is capable of providing good estimates of equilibrium binding parameters from multi-wavelength measurements of a mixed ligand system.

title: Multi-wavelength fluorescence-quenching model for determination of XXXX conditional stability constants and ligand concentrations of @entity40834 .

answer: @entity8863 :: (CHEBI:29036,Chemical) :: ['Cu2+']


abstract: @entity10725 ( @entity47372 ) is a highly sensitizing industrial chemical that is known to covalently bind to endogenous proteins. The aim of this study was to determine the binding sites of @entity47372 to human serum albumin (HSA). Conjugates between HSA and @entity47372 , at two different molar ratios, were synthesized under physiological conditions. The conjugates were digested with trypsin and Pronase E to obtain specific peptides and @entity1522 , which were separated by liquid chromatography (LC). Fractions containing modified peptides were detected through quantification of hydrolysable @entity47372 using LC coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Modified residues in albumin were identified by sequence analyses using nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 36 @entity47372 adducts were found in the HSA- @entity47372 conjugate with 10 times molar excess of added @entity47372 . In the conjugate with a molar ratio of 1:0.1 of added @entity47372 , seven @entity47372 adducts were found bound to Lys(137) (domain IB), Lys(190), Lys(199) and Lys(212) (domain IIA), Lys(351) (domain IIB), and Lys(432) and Lys(436) (domain IIIA). Moreover, several of these adducted albumin peptides were detected in nasal lavage fluid from one volunteer exposed to @entity47372 . The binding sites of @entity47372 to HSA have been determined, thus identifying potential allergenic chemical structures. This knowledge generates the possibility of developing methods for the biological monitoring of @entity47372 exposure by analysing tryptic peptides including these binding sites.

title: Determination of XXXX adducts to human serum albumin.

entities_list: @entity10725 :: ('MESH:C005752', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexahydrophthalic anhydride']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity10725 :: (MESH:C005752,Chemical) :: ['hexahydrophthalic anhydride']


abstract: Historically, fashioning an auricle for a @entity1 born with @entity9407 has been one of the most challenging endeavors in the repertoire of reconstructive surgeons. Despite many ideas advanced on types of materials for the auricular framework, the hands-down favorite and today's medium of choice is autogenous costal cartilage. A subject that remains up for discussion, however, is the question of growth potential in these cartilaginous frameworks. Popularization of the surgical technique for auricular reconstruction has led to much bandying about of opinions on this very important question of growth. Although previous reports allude to the probability of an increase in auricular size after reconstruction, this report is the first to document changes in auricular size with measurements taken directly from @entity1 at the time of graft implantation and during subsequent long-term follow-up. The goals of this study are to define the behavior of the autogenous framework after reconstruction of the microtic auricle. This information serves to clarify the issue of proper framework sizing and to make evident the early age at which reconstruction can begin. The records of @entity1 who underwent costal cartilage auricular reconstruction for grade III @entity9407 between 1990 and 1996 were reviewed, and a cohort of 10 @entity1 was chosen for inclusion based on availability for follow-up and lack of any interval modifications of their cartilaginous framework. The average age was 6.7 years, and the average time interval from initial reconstruction to follow-up was 3.2 years. Measurements of the auricular framework height and width were taken at implantation and at time of final follow-up, and measurements were recorded of the normal ears of @entity1 with unilateral @entity9407 . The mean auricular size was examined for significance of interval change using the two-sample Student's t tests, assuming unequal variances. The results revealed an average height increase of 5 mm (10.4 percent) in the study population. Auricular width changes averaged 2.75 mm (7.02 percent). Growth trends revealed a distinct tendency toward increasing auricular framework size over time, with slowing as @entity1 neared adolescence. Comparison of the reconstructed auricle to the normal ear of each @entity1 with unilateral @entity9407 showed that the reconstructed ear paralleled the growth of the normal side, with no statistically significant differences in height or width at follow-up. This is the first report of auricular framework behavior based on @entity1 having direct measurement of their framework initially and in long-term follow-up. This @entity1 sample underscores a clear pattern of growth in the reconstructed auricles paralleling that of the normal ears. The implications of this finding are important in that the initial oversizing of the framework becomes unnecessary. Moreover, the decision as to age at initial reconstruction is not affected by anticipated growth rates.

title: Framework growth after reconstruction for XXXX : is it real and what are the implications?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity9407 :: (MESH:D065817,Disease) :: ['microtia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity714 ( @entity714 ) and dominant R wave in lead V1 (RV1) post-biventricular pacing (BiVp) are associated with better clinical outcomes. However, some @entity1 continue to deteriorate despite these favorable electrocardiographic changes. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that baseline @entity714 and post-BiVp RV1 are associated with better cardiac function and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with progressive deterioration in @entity712 after BiVp ("clinical nonresponders") than in @entity1 without these electrocardiographic criteria. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with advanced @entity712 and BiVp were included. An increase in R-wave amplitude of over 4.5 times the baseline value was defined as RV1. Clinical outcome was survival free of heart transplantation and/or implantation of mechanical circulatory support. RESULTS: A total of 179 (100 (56%) with @entity714 ; 79 (44%) with non- @entity714 ) @entity1 with advanced @entity712 and BiVp were included. Of the 100 @entity1 with @entity714 , 67 (67%) developed RV1 (group 1) but 33 (33%) @entity1 did not develop RV1 (group 2). Of the 79 @entity1 with non- @entity714 , 49 (62%) developed RV1 (group 3) and the remaining 30 (38%) @entity1 did not develop RV1 (group 4). Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic volume index were not significant in group 1, but deteriorated in the other groups (P < .05). The change in left ventricular end-systolic volume index was associated with the change in QRS duration and absence of RV1 (P < .01). Clinical outcome was most favorable in group 1 ( @entity714 and RV1). Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and right atrial pressure were associated with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Despite progressive deterioration in @entity712 , @entity1 with @entity714 and RV1 post-BiVp demonstrate more stable cardiac function and more favorable clinical outcomes than did @entity1 with non- @entity714 with or without RV1 post-BiVp.

title: Progression of XXXX after biventricular pacing: Is there a subgroup of "favorable nonresponders"?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['LBBB', 'Left bundle branch block']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In essence, this paper describes the model-based interpretation of measurements in order to gain insight into physiological processes. The paper extends the mathematical model developed previously to control and monitor a @entity6558 @entity1 . The extension considers two further yet different types of @entity121 . The model is applied to simulate, first, the total serum @entity908 kinase levels, which then are matched to the observed values. The outcomes of this approach yield considerable information about the reactions taking place including various concentration levels over time such as @entity617 . The changes in the @entity121 are estimated. Examples illustrate how the model may be used to assess, for a single @entity1 , the maximum reduction of the @entity121 whilst keeping the @entity617 concentration as low as possible. The model has been successfully used to interpret variations in daily heart rate measurements of a @entity6558 @entity1 . Consequently, it is shown how daily heart rate measurements may now be used to complement the control and monitoring of the @entity6558 @entity1 . The model is used to explore multi- @entity1 statistics. It shows the dangers of using such an approach. The model illustrates the need for longitudinal studies.

title: XXXX --a further investigation.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle attack']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['Polymyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term safety and efficacy of long-acting injectable @entity1090 , the first long-acting second-generation antipsychotic, were evaluated in stable @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: After a 2-week run-in period during which @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity161 received flexible doses of 1 to 6 mg of oral @entity1090 , @entity1 received injections of 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg of long-acting @entity1090 every 2 weeks for 12 months. Severity of @entity21 was assessed with the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and efficacy was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). This study was conducted from March 29, 1999 to July 19, 2000. RESULTS: The subjects were 615 @entity1 with @entity161 who received at least 1 injection of long-acting @entity1090 . The 12-month trial was completed by 65% of @entity1 . Treatment was discontinued because of adverse events in 5% of @entity1 . @entity21 as adverse events were reported by 25% of the @entity1 . Severity of @entity21 (according to ESRS scores) was low at baseline and decreased in each of the groups during the 12 months. The other most common adverse events were @entity148 in 24%, @entity22 in 21%, @entity716 in 17%, and @entity308 in 14% of the @entity1 . @entity158 was associated with the injections. Severity of symptoms of @entity161 was improved in each group, with significant reductions in PANSS total scores (p <.01) and positive (p <.01) and negative (p <.001) factor scores. CONCLUSION: In terms of both safety and efficacy, symptomatically stable @entity1 with @entity161 benefit from being switched to long-acting injectable @entity1090 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with long-acting injectable @entity1090 : a 12-month open-label trial of the first long-acting second-generation antipsychotic.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Little pain']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'Extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term safety and efficacy of long-acting injectable @entity1090 , the first long-acting second-generation antipsychotic, were evaluated in stable @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: After a 2-week run-in period during which @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity161 received flexible doses of 1 to 6 mg of oral @entity1090 , @entity1 received injections of 25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg of long-acting @entity1090 every 2 weeks for 12 months. Severity of @entity21 was assessed with the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and efficacy was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). This study was conducted from March 29, 1999 to July 19, 2000. RESULTS: The subjects were 615 @entity1 with @entity161 who received at least 1 injection of long-acting @entity1090 . The 12-month trial was completed by 65% of @entity1 . Treatment was discontinued because of adverse events in 5% of @entity1 . @entity21 as adverse events were reported by 25% of the @entity1 . Severity of @entity21 (according to ESRS scores) was low at baseline and decreased in each of the groups during the 12 months. The other most common adverse events were @entity148 in 24%, @entity22 in 21%, @entity716 in 17%, and @entity308 in 14% of the @entity1 . @entity158 was associated with the injections. Severity of symptoms of @entity161 was improved in each group, with significant reductions in PANSS total scores (p <.01) and positive (p <.01) and negative (p <.001) factor scores. CONCLUSION: In terms of both safety and efficacy, symptomatically stable @entity1 with @entity161 benefit from being switched to long-acting injectable @entity1090 .

title: Treatment of @entity161 with long-acting injectable XXXX : a 12-month open-label trial of the first long-acting second-generation antipsychotic.

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: @entity13859 , including @entity195 , are @entity179 in which tau protein accumulates as a consequence of alterations in its metabolism. At least three different types of alterations have been described; in some cases, an aberrant mRNA splicing of tau exon 10 occurs; in other cases, the disorder is a consequence of missense mutations and, in most cases, aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation takes place. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has emerged as a key kinase that is able to interact with several proteins involved in the etiology of @entity195 and other @entity13859 . Here, we have evaluated whether GSK-3 is also able to modulate tau-mRNA splicing. Our data demonstrate that GSK-3 inhibition in cultured neurons affects tau splicing resulting in an increase in tau mRNA containing exon 10. Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by a multimolecular complex including members of the @entity563 / @entity369 -rich (SR) family of splicing factors. Immunofluorescence studies showed that after GSK-3 inhibition, @entity5313 , a member of the SR family, is redistributed and enriched in nuclear speckles and colocalizes with the kinase. Furthermore, immunoprecipitated @entity5313 is phosphorylated by recombinant @entity9459 . Phosphorylation of a peptide from the SR domain by GSK-3 revealed that the peptide needs to be prephosphorylated, suggesting the involvement of a priming kinase. Our results demonstrate that GSK-3 plays a crucial role in tau exon 10 splicing, raising the possibility that GSK3 could contribute to @entity13859 via aberrant tau splicing.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 plays a crucial role in tau exon 10 splicing and intranuclear distribution of @entity5313 . Implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity13859 :: ('MESH:D024801', 'Disease') :: ['tauopathies', 'Tauopathies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity13859 , including @entity195 , are @entity179 in which tau protein accumulates as a consequence of alterations in its metabolism. At least three different types of alterations have been described; in some cases, an aberrant mRNA splicing of tau exon 10 occurs; in other cases, the disorder is a consequence of missense mutations and, in most cases, aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation takes place. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has emerged as a key kinase that is able to interact with several proteins involved in the etiology of @entity195 and other @entity13859 . Here, we have evaluated whether GSK-3 is also able to modulate tau-mRNA splicing. Our data demonstrate that GSK-3 inhibition in cultured neurons affects tau splicing resulting in an increase in tau mRNA containing exon 10. Pre-mRNA splicing is catalyzed by a multimolecular complex including members of the @entity563 / @entity369 -rich (SR) family of splicing factors. Immunofluorescence studies showed that after GSK-3 inhibition, @entity5313 , a member of the SR family, is redistributed and enriched in nuclear speckles and colocalizes with the kinase. Furthermore, immunoprecipitated @entity5313 is phosphorylated by recombinant @entity9459 . Phosphorylation of a peptide from the SR domain by GSK-3 revealed that the peptide needs to be prephosphorylated, suggesting the involvement of a priming kinase. Our results demonstrate that GSK-3 plays a crucial role in tau exon 10 splicing, raising the possibility that GSK3 could contribute to @entity13859 via aberrant tau splicing.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 plays a crucial role in tau exon 10 splicing and intranuclear distribution of XXXX . Implications for @entity195 .

answer: @entity5313 :: (6427,Gene) :: ['SC35']


abstract: We report the use of stereotactic radiosurgery delivered through an adapted linear accelerator [stereotactic multiple arc radiation therapy (SMART)] for @entity977 not cured by conventional therapy. All 21 @entity1 had undergone conventional radiotherapy (45-50 Gy); 18 had also undergone prior surgery. This cohort comprised 13 @entity1 with somatotrope @entity652 , four with @entity652 , one with a lactotrope @entity652 , and three with nonfunctioning @entity977 (median follow-up: 33 months, range: 3-72 months). SMART has proven effective, safe, and rapidly acting. We observed an accelerated reduction in GH and @entity442 levels in @entity2012 , with normalization of GH and @entity442 levels in 58%. Mean GH fell from 21.1 mU/liter to 7.9 mU/liter (7 ng/ml to 2.6 ng/ml, P < 0.01, median 25 months) faster than our predicted fall to 50% at 2 yr with conventional radiotherapy. Mean @entity442 fell from 624 ng/ml to 384 ng/ml (P < 0.001). @entity5 growth was controlled in two of three nonfunctioning @entity977 , and three of four @entity652 . There were no adverse effects from SMART. Notably there have been no visual sequelae or further loss of anterior pituitary function in this heavily pretreated group. Our data indicate that SMART is an effective complementary therapy for @entity977 that have displayed a suboptimal response to conventional therapy including external irradiation.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery XVI: a treatment for previously irradiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['corticotrope adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After @entity1457 , persistent @entity26 extraction deficit despite the apparent adequate recovery of systemic hemodynamic and @entity26 -derived variables has been a source of uncertainty and controversy. Dysfunction of @entity26 transport pathways during intensive care underlies the sequelae that lead to organ failure, and the limitations of techniques used to measure tissue oxygenation in vivo have contributed to the lack of progress in this area. Novel techniques have provided detailed quantitative insight into the determinants of microcirculatory and mitochondrial oxygenation. These techniques, which are based on the @entity26 -dependent quenching of phosphorescence or delayed luminescence are briefly reviewed. The application of these techniques to animal models of @entity1457 and resuscitation revealed the heterogeneous nature of @entity26 distributions and the alterations in @entity26 distribution in the microcirculation and in mitochondria. These studies identified functional shunting in the microcirculation as an underlying cause of @entity26 extraction deficit observed in states of @entity1457 and resuscitation. The translation of these concepts to the bedside has been enabled by our development and clinical introduction of hand-held microscopy. This tool facilitates the direct observation of the microcirculation and its alterations at the bedside under the conditions of @entity1457 and resuscitation. Studies identified loss of coherence between the macrocirculation and the microcirculation, in which resuscitation successfully restored systemic circulation but did not alleviate microcirculatory perfusion alterations. Various mechanisms responsible for these alterations underlie the loss of hemodynamic coherence during unsuccessful resuscitation procedures. Therapeutic resolution of persistent heterogeneous microcirculatory alterations is expected to improve outcomes in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: Microcirculatory and mitochondrial hypoxia in sepsis, XXXX , and resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['shock']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is characterized by decreased secretion of insulin and insulin resistance. @entity12721 are drugs to ameliorate insulin resistance. At present, only @entity12098 is available in Japan. The first drug of this category, @entity4506 , has been withdrawn from market because of its liver @entity137 in a few @entity1 . The decrease in fasting plasma @entity413 begins within 2 weeks and reaches the nadir in 8-12 weeks. Plasma insulin levels usually decrease together with plasma @entity413 . @entity12585 drugs are effective in about 50% of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . The efficacy is higher in @entity1 with @entity28 , high insulin levels and in aged @entity1 and females. The mechanism is thought to be mediated by activation of a nuclear receptor, @entity6864 , which is most abundantly expressed in the adipose tissue. Current concept is that, when @entity6864 is activated by these drugs, the number of small adipocytes is increased to replace large adipocytes, thereby decreasing the release of @entity310 and FFA from adipose tissue. However, there seems to be a complex relationship between the activity of @entity6864 and insulin sensitivity. The effect of these new category drugs should be monitored carefully on a long-term basis.

title: [Insulin sensitizer drugs, XXXX : current state and prospect].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12721 :: (MESH:D045162,Chemical) :: ['thiazolidinediones']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual @entity102 later in life. METHODS: We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305   936 @entity1 -years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled associations using pooled logistic regression with inverse probability of censoring weights. RESULTS: We found small but statistically significant associations between early-state-of-residence characteristics and later life @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity741 . The most consistent associations were with income inequality, percentage non-White, and education. These associations were similar after statistically controlling for individual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and current state characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of the state in which an individual lives early in life are associated with prevalence of @entity102 later in life, with a strength of association equivalent to genetic associations found for these same health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 11, 2015: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547).

title: Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual @entity102 later in life. METHODS: We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305   936 @entity1 -years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled associations using pooled logistic regression with inverse probability of censoring weights. RESULTS: We found small but statistically significant associations between early-state-of-residence characteristics and later life @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity741 . The most consistent associations were with income inequality, percentage non-White, and education. These associations were similar after statistically controlling for individual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and current state characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of the state in which an individual lives early in life are associated with prevalence of @entity102 later in life, with a strength of association equivalent to genetic associations found for these same health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 11, 2015: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547).

title: Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life @entity101 , @entity6 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined how state characteristics in early life are associated with individual @entity102 later in life. METHODS: We assessed early-life state of residence using the first 3 digits of social security numbers from blue- and white-collar workers from a US manufacturing company. Longitudinal data were available from 1997 to 2012, with 305   936 @entity1 -years of observation. Disease was assessed using medical claims. We modeled associations using pooled logistic regression with inverse probability of censoring weights. RESULTS: We found small but statistically significant associations between early-state-of-residence characteristics and later life @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity741 . The most consistent associations were with income inequality, percentage non-White, and education. These associations were similar after statistically controlling for individual socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and current state characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of the state in which an individual lives early in life are associated with prevalence of @entity102 later in life, with a strength of association equivalent to genetic associations found for these same health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 11, 2015: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302547).

title: Early-Life State-of-Residence Characteristics and Later Life @entity101 , XXXX , and @entity741 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the ability of standard power Doppler and color harmonic imaging for visualising @entity0 vascularity using ultrasound probes of various frequencies, and to evaluate the influence on diagnostic accuracy using ultrasound contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (x = 43.6 +/- 11.7 years) with suspected malignancy of the breast underwent power Doppler to evaluate vascularity and to offer a differential diagnosis of the lesion. Two criteria were used for differential diagnosis: The quantitative extent of vascularity ("percentage vessel area", @entity939 ) and the qualitative assessment of vascular architecture. The following power Doppler modes were compared in every @entity1 : Plain and enhanced (Levovist(R)) 9 MHz and 12 MHz standard power mode and enhanced 9 MHz color harmonic imaging-(CHI). RESULTS: The @entity939 increased from a mean of 2.2 +/- 2.9 % (9 MHz standard plain) via 4.8 +/- 4.1 % (12 MHz standard plain), 9.7 +/- 15.3 % (9 MHz standard enhanced), 17.4 +/- 20.0 % (9 MHz CHI enhanced) up to 19.4 +/- 14.8 % (12 MHz standard enhanced). The perceptibility of the vascular structure was best using the enhanced 12 MHz standard power mode, immediately followed by the enhanced 9 MHz CHI mode. The improved detection of vascular signal did not translate into improved diagnostic accuracy. The highest diagnostic accuracy (95 %) was obtained using the enhanced 9 MHz CHI mode (criterion " @entity939 ") and the enhanced 9 MHz standard power mode (criterion "vascular structure"), whereas the 12 MHz probes delivered insufficient diagnostic accuracy and very low specificity. CONCLUSION: Best quantitative and qualitative visualisation of the @entity5 vascularity was achieved using the enhanced 12 MHz standard power mode. Nevertheless, the highest diagnostic accuracy was obtained using enhanced 9 MHz standard power Doppler and enhanced 9 MHz color harmonic imaging. The visualisation of @entity5 vascularity and, partially, the diagnostic accuracy are improved significantly by color harmonic imaging without changing the probe frequently.

title: [Analysis of vascularity in XXXX --comparison of high frequency ultrasound and contrast-enhanced color harmonic imaging].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous core-needle biopsy is widely accepted for preoperative histologic assessment of suspicious @entity1558 . The purpose of this study was to asses the impact of continuous sonographic guidance on diagnostic accuracy of large core needle biopsy of palpable @entity1558 . METHOD: We analysed 170 @entity1558 in a retrospective study. Percutaneous breast biopsies were performed by using a biopsy gun with 14-gauge needles. Eighty-eight biopsies were performed under continuous ultrasound guidance (group II) and 82 biopsies without ultrasound documentation of the procedure (group I). Core needle diagnoses were compared with the @entity1 final tissue diagnosis as based on surgical excisional biopsy. RESULTS: In @entity1 group I, 17 lesions were categorized as @entity0 misses (sensitivity 79 %). The sensitivity in this group showed an obvious dependency on @entity5 size. Among the 17 @entity75 , 13 lesions were 3 cm in mean diameter or smaller. Two false negative findings occurred in group II (sensitivity 98 %), with a @entity5 size of 0.5 and 1.0 cm. CONCLUSION: Sonographic guidance is indispensable to ensure adequate diagnostic accuracy for core-needle biopsy of palpable @entity1558 .

title: [Percutaneous core-needle biopsy of palpable XXXX . Do we need ultrasound guidance?].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['core breast biopsy cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['false negative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined Hispanic @entity1 's recent risky and protective @entity146 with female partners by acculturation. METHODS: Using the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth, we performed bivariate analyses to compare acculturation groups (Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, Hispanic English-speaking immigrants, Hispanic US natives, and non-Hispanic White @entity1 ) by demographics and recent @entity146 with @entity1 . Multivariable logistic regression models for @entity146 by acculturation group were adjusted for demographics. RESULTS: Compared with Hispanic Spanish-speaking immigrants, non-Hispanic White @entity1 were less likely to report exchange of money or drugs for sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]   =   0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]   =   0.1, 0.9), but were also less likely to report condom use at last vaginal (AOR   =   0.6; 95% CI   =   0.4, 0.8) and anal sex (AOR   =   0.4; 95% CI   =   0.3, 0.7). Hispanic US natives were less likely to report condom use at last vaginal sex than were Spanish-speaking immigrants (AOR   =   0.6; 95% CI   =   0.4, 0.8). English- and Spanish-speaking immigrants did not differ in risky or protective @entity146 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that targeted interventions focusing on unique sexual risks and sociodemographic differences by acculturation level, particularly nativity, may be helpful for preventing @entity2953 . (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 11, 2015: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302524).

title: Hispanic XXXX in the United States: Acculturation and Recent Sexual Behaviors With Female Partners, 2006-2010.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been demonstrated that chronic @entity167 misusers, who drink at least 60 g of @entity1068 per day, are suffering increased postoperative morbidity after various non-pulmonary surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity167 consumption and postoperative morbidity and mortality after potential curative resection for @entity2 . METHODS: The records of all @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity2 in a single University Centre in Cardiothoracic surgery during 1997 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and seven @entity1 , 42 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 , median age of 64 (33-79) years, were included and subdivided with regard to @entity167 consumption. There were 26 pneumonectomies, 68 lobectomies and 13 lesser resections. Clinical complications occurring within 30 days after surgery and requiring therapy, were registered and subdivided into major, potentially lethal complications, and minor complications. Mortality within 30 days after surgery was also registered. RESULTS: @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day had increased postoperative mortality, 3/13 versus 2/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 13.80 (2.06-92.68); P=0.007). The rate of major, live threatening complications including @entity295 and @entity1887 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day 6/13 versus 19/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 3.38 (1.02-11.25); P=0.047) in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate analysis this association was not significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality after curative resection for @entity2 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks of @entity167 per day.

title: Impaired postoperative outcome in chronic @entity167 abusers after curative resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been demonstrated that chronic @entity167 misusers, who drink at least 60 g of @entity1068 per day, are suffering increased postoperative morbidity after various non-pulmonary surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity167 consumption and postoperative morbidity and mortality after potential curative resection for @entity2 . METHODS: The records of all @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity2 in a single University Centre in Cardiothoracic surgery during 1997 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and seven @entity1 , 42 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 , median age of 64 (33-79) years, were included and subdivided with regard to @entity167 consumption. There were 26 pneumonectomies, 68 lobectomies and 13 lesser resections. Clinical complications occurring within 30 days after surgery and requiring therapy, were registered and subdivided into major, potentially lethal complications, and minor complications. Mortality within 30 days after surgery was also registered. RESULTS: @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day had increased postoperative mortality, 3/13 versus 2/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 13.80 (2.06-92.68); P=0.007). The rate of major, live threatening complications including @entity295 and @entity1887 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day 6/13 versus 19/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 3.38 (1.02-11.25); P=0.047) in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate analysis this association was not significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality after curative resection for @entity2 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks of @entity167 per day.

title: Impaired postoperative outcome in chronic XXXX abusers after curative resection for @entity2 .

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) is a @entity1892 with a variable and generally aggressive clinical course. So far our knowledge of skin involvement of @entity1073 is limited. To understand the clinical and histopathologic features of @entity1073 with skin involvement, the files of the Lymph Node Registry Kiel were screened for @entity1073 diagnosed in the skin. Over a period of 13 years, 1321 biopsy specimens were diagnosed as @entity1073 ; among them, 14 @entity1 (1%) showed skin involvement. Of these, skin was the initial site of manifestation in 6/11 (55%) cases. One @entity1 presented with a skin-limited @entity706 . Furthermore, 7/12 (58%) @entity1 presented with lesions on the leg. The @entity706 were highly proliferative with blastoid cytology in 12/14 (86%) cases. Moreover, the immunophenotype with expression of @entity588 (100%), @entity14546 / @entity20630 (83%), and IgM (82%) and lack of @entity2282 (25%) and @entity4042 (0%) closely resembled the features of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Solely the expression of @entity4910 (100%) and the presence of t(11;14) (100%) allowed a distinction from cases of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Only 2 @entity1073 cases with skin involvement presented with classical cytology. Interestingly, in these 2 cases skin involvement occurred simultaneously in a lesion of coexisting primary @entity1074 . Our data suggest that clinical presentation on the leg and blastoid cytology along with high proliferation and expression of @entity588 , @entity14546 / @entity20630 , and IgM are typical for @entity1073 involving the skin. Lymphomas with these features might be erroneously diagnosed as diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 , if @entity4910 staining is not performed.

title: Skin Involvement of Mantle Cell Lymphoma May Mimic Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large XXXX , @entity13197 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell neoplasm', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['Mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell Lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) is a @entity1892 with a variable and generally aggressive clinical course. So far our knowledge of skin involvement of @entity1073 is limited. To understand the clinical and histopathologic features of @entity1073 with skin involvement, the files of the Lymph Node Registry Kiel were screened for @entity1073 diagnosed in the skin. Over a period of 13 years, 1321 biopsy specimens were diagnosed as @entity1073 ; among them, 14 @entity1 (1%) showed skin involvement. Of these, skin was the initial site of manifestation in 6/11 (55%) cases. One @entity1 presented with a skin-limited @entity706 . Furthermore, 7/12 (58%) @entity1 presented with lesions on the leg. The @entity706 were highly proliferative with blastoid cytology in 12/14 (86%) cases. Moreover, the immunophenotype with expression of @entity588 (100%), @entity14546 / @entity20630 (83%), and IgM (82%) and lack of @entity2282 (25%) and @entity4042 (0%) closely resembled the features of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Solely the expression of @entity4910 (100%) and the presence of t(11;14) (100%) allowed a distinction from cases of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Only 2 @entity1073 cases with skin involvement presented with classical cytology. Interestingly, in these 2 cases skin involvement occurred simultaneously in a lesion of coexisting primary @entity1074 . Our data suggest that clinical presentation on the leg and blastoid cytology along with high proliferation and expression of @entity588 , @entity14546 / @entity20630 , and IgM are typical for @entity1073 involving the skin. Lymphomas with these features might be erroneously diagnosed as diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 , if @entity4910 staining is not performed.

title: Skin Involvement of Mantle Cell Lymphoma May Mimic Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large @entity1892 , XXXX .

answer: @entity13197 :: (MESH:D010264,Disease) :: ['Leg Type']


abstract: Introduction @entity2979 ( @entity2979 ) is a complication of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) characterized by @entity1118 , @entity4 , and heaviness, and may result in @entity1066 . Elastic compression stockings (ECS) worn daily after @entity1150 have been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of @entity2979 . The aim of our study was to investigate practices and perceptions of physicians regarding adjunct therapies to anticoagulation in @entity1 diagnosed with lower extremity @entity1150 . METHODS: A national online survey was conducted of Canadian emergency medicine staff physicians and residents (n=471) to investigate their attitudes toward the prescription of ECS post-diagnosis of @entity1150 . A paper survey of @entity1 in a @entity715 clinic (n=58) was also administered to better understand the @entity1 experiences with ECS. RESULTS: The majority of staff physician (62%) and resident (69%) respondents were unsure of whether ECS were effective in preventing @entity2979 and managing venous symptoms. Only 6% of staff physicians and 7% of residents routinely prescribed ECS for above-knee DVTs. More than 78% of respondents were unsure about the optimal timing of initiation of ECS and duration of therapy. Although all @entity1 noted symptomatic relief with ECS, only 50% were prescribed stockings by an emergency or family doctor, and 69% of those @entity1 wore the stockings on a daily basis. Staff physicians most frequently identified poor fit as the reason for lack of @entity1 compliance, whereas @entity1 most frequently cited cost. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there is variability in practice among Canadian emergency medicine physicians and trainees and a need for widespread education regarding the latest evidence of the benefit of ECS after @entity1150 .

title: Rates of elastic compression stockings prescription following the diagnosis of XXXX among Canadian emergency physicians and trainees.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['PTS', 'Postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND Most @entity1661 , including @entity774 , are benign and asymptomatic. Rapid enlargement, @entity548 , @entity281 , rupture with leakage of cyst contents, or pressure on adjacent organs can cause symptoms. Although usually diagnosed incidentally on imaging, determining the origin of a cyst can sometimes be challenging. In these situations, surgical excision and pathological analysis is crucial to diagnosis and management. We report here a case of a giant symptomatic @entity774 that closely mimicked a @entity99 at presentation. CASE REPORT A 50-year-old @entity1 , with a history of an incidentally detected @entity99 , presented with severe @entity490 , @entity221 , @entity491 , and mildly abnormal liver function tests. CT scan revealed a large well defined cystic space-occupying lesion within the liver, with findings suggesting @entity397 and possible @entity281 . Early laparotomy was performed, and the origin was determined intraoperatively to be right adrenal, which was later confirmed by pathology. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced CT scan is the criterion standard for evaluation for abdominal cystic masses. Precise diagnosis of a giant abdominal cyst can be challenging. Surgery is both diagnostic and curative in such situations. We also discuss the specific situations in which surgery should be considered in cases of adrenal cystic masses.

title: All Those Liver Masses are not Necessarily from the Liver: A Case of a Giant Adrenal Pseudocyst Mimicking a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['cyst rupture']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pseudocyst', 'adrenal pseudocysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Cyst']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying unwarranted variation in health care can highlight opportunities to reduce harm. One often discretionary process in oncology is use of implanted ports to administer intravenous chemotherapy. While there are benefits, ports carry risks. This study's objective was to assess provider-driven variation in port use among @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN: Retrospective assessment using population-based SEER-Medicare data to assess differences in port use across health care providers of older adults with @entity5 . @entity1 included over 18,000 @entity1 ages 66 and older diagnosed with breast, @entity14 in 2005-2007, treated by approximately 2900 providers. We identified port use for @entity1 receiving treatment from hospital outpatient facilities versus physicians' offices. Our main analysis assessed the likelihood of a @entity1 receiving a port given port use by the provider's last @entity1 . For a subset of high-use providers, we examined individual provider-level variation by estimating the risk-adjusted likelihood of insertion. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving chemotherapy in hospital outpatient facilities were significantly less likely to receive a port than those treated in physicians' offices, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) varying from 0.50 to 0.75 across @entity5 sites. Implanting a port was associated with increased likelihood of port insertion in the provider's next @entity1 (AOR varied from 1.71 to 2.25). Significant between-provider variation was found among providers with at least 10 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the idea that there is provider-driven variation in the use of ports for chemotherapy administration. This variation highlights an opportunity to standardize practice and reduce unnecessary use.

title: Provider Differences in Use of Implanted Ports in Older Adults With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, lung, or pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To discuss the clinical findings in a unique case of @entity697 with a focus on the pathophysiology of this rare entity. METHODS: The @entity1 's clinical course was documented with color fundus photography and spectral domain ocular coherence tomography registered to infrared reflectance imaging. The visual field was assessed using the Amsler grid testing and Humphrey visual field 24-2. RESULTS: Initial fundus photography showed @entity2708 wool spots and slight darkening of the central macula in each eye. Optical coherence tomography showed @entity1613 at the level of the outer plexiform layer/outer nuclear layer junction with subsequent thinning of the outer nuclear layer and corresponding disruption of the ellipsoid and outer segment/retinal pigment epithelium. Infrared reflectance imaging revealed @entity75 in each eye with corresponding @entity227 on the Amsler grid and visual field testing. The hyporeflective infrared lesions became more discreet during the ensuing weeks and remained stable beyond 11 weeks. CONCLUSION: The authors present the case of a 15-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with @entity697 . This case is notable in that she presented with @entity2708 wool spots and intraretinal fluid, both of which are unusual for @entity697 . The authors suggest that the presence of @entity2708 wool spots and several small foci of intraretinal fluid seen in their @entity1 may lend support to the @entity63 hypothesis described by Sarraf et al. The optical coherence tomography images obtained in this case have the typical wedge-shaped or petaloid configuration, and the authors suggest that the shape of the lesions themselves also lends support to a vascular mechanism.

title: A UNIQUE CASE OF ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH XXXX WOOL SPOTS AND INTRARETINAL FLUID.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute macular neuroretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['perifoveal hyporeflective lesions']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial hyperreflective plaques']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['COTTON']


abstract: Between 1991 and 2000 about 1500 @entity1 fell ill in Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Hesse) after infection with the @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) virus. Detailed clinical and epidemiological data of @entity17991 were available from 850 @entity1 . A biphasic course of the disease occurred in 75% of @entity1 . @entity17991 presented as @entity693 in 400 @entity1 (47%), as @entity5422 in 356 (42%) and as meningoencephalomyelitis in 93 (11%). Nine of the @entity1 (1%) died from @entity17991 . Five hundred and ninety three @entity1 (70%) had noticed a tick bite and the first symptoms occurred, on average, seven days later. The most frequent @entity16 were an @entity1662 (31%), @entity2055 (18%) and paresis of the extremities (15%) and cranial nerves (11%). Laboratory investigations revealed @entity1503 in 74% of the @entity1 , elevation of the sedimentation rate in 91%, increased C-reactive protein in 82%, pleocytosis in the CSF of all @entity1 tested, damage of the blood-CSF-barrier in 79%, abnormalities in EEG in 77% and abnormalities in MRI in 18%. In general, adolescents up to 14 years of age had a more favourable course of the disease than adults. In view of the severity of the illness and the high frequency of sequelae, active immunisation against @entity17991 is recommended for all subjects living in and travelling to areas of risk. Regarding the higher risk of severe manifestations of @entity17991 in the elderly @entity1 and the higher risk of failure of immunisation in this population, vaccination against @entity17991 is more important in elderly subjects than in very young @entity1 . Prevention of @entity17991 by post exposure prophylaxis with hyperimmunoglobulins is less effective and should therefore not be performed.

title: XXXX ( @entity17991 ) in Germany and clinical course of the disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis in the peripheral blood']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['Tick-borne encephalitis']


abstract: Between 1991 and 2000 about 1500 @entity1 fell ill in Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bavaria, Hesse) after infection with the @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) virus. Detailed clinical and epidemiological data of @entity17991 were available from 850 @entity1 . A biphasic course of the disease occurred in 75% of @entity1 . @entity17991 presented as @entity693 in 400 @entity1 (47%), as @entity5422 in 356 (42%) and as meningoencephalomyelitis in 93 (11%). Nine of the @entity1 (1%) died from @entity17991 . Five hundred and ninety three @entity1 (70%) had noticed a tick bite and the first symptoms occurred, on average, seven days later. The most frequent @entity16 were an @entity1662 (31%), @entity2055 (18%) and paresis of the extremities (15%) and cranial nerves (11%). Laboratory investigations revealed @entity1503 in 74% of the @entity1 , elevation of the sedimentation rate in 91%, increased C-reactive protein in 82%, pleocytosis in the CSF of all @entity1 tested, damage of the blood-CSF-barrier in 79%, abnormalities in EEG in 77% and abnormalities in MRI in 18%. In general, adolescents up to 14 years of age had a more favourable course of the disease than adults. In view of the severity of the illness and the high frequency of sequelae, active immunisation against @entity17991 is recommended for all subjects living in and travelling to areas of risk. Regarding the higher risk of severe manifestations of @entity17991 in the elderly @entity1 and the higher risk of failure of immunisation in this population, vaccination against @entity17991 is more important in elderly subjects than in very young @entity1 . Prevention of @entity17991 by post exposure prophylaxis with hyperimmunoglobulins is less effective and should therefore not be performed.

title: @entity17991 ( XXXX ) in Germany and clinical course of the disease.

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['TBE']


abstract: PURPOSE: (a) To report the medical complexity of @entity5 and noncancer @entity1 receiving palliative medicine (PM) consultation at a tertiary medical center and (b) to describe the consult recommendations madefor this group. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective data collection was performed on all consultations ( @entity5 , n = 175; noncancer, n = 35) done by first author (JDC) as a PM fellow at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between July 1998 and April 1999. A computer database was used to query for demographics, complexity of medical problems, current medications, mortality, symptoms, nursing problems, and consult recommendations. RESULTS: A median of three (range, 0-12) acute medical problems and three (range, 0-16) chronic medical problems were identified for each @entity1 . @entity1 were taking a median of six medications (range, 0-20). They had a median of five symptoms (range, 0-13) with @entity158 (73 percent) being most common, followed by @entity425 (40 percent) and @entity1353 (40 percent). @entity5 @entity1 were twice as likely to have more than five symptoms (48 percent versus 23 percent) (chi-square = 0.006). The most common nursing problems were ambulation or fall risk (15 percent) and skin integrity (11 percent). A median of five (range, 1-11) management recommendations were made as part of each consultation. These included medication changes in 81 percent, nonmedication changes in 53 percent, andfollow-up services in 100 percent. The median survivalfrom the time of consultation for the known dead was 29 days with 65 percent living more than 14 days. CONCLUSION: Multiple recommendations were made with most @entity1 surviving long enough potentially to benefit. Consultation in palliative medicine is a sophisticated intervention involving considerable acuity and complexity of care.

title: Palliative medicine in a United States XXXX center: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']