abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly @entity1 living in residential homes are at high risk for developing major @entity308 , and therefore deserve attention in terms of preventive interventions. We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a guided self-help intervention for the prevention of @entity308 and @entity148 in these residents. METHODS: We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in two parallel groups comparing the intervention with usual care in 14 residential homes in and surrounding the city of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. A total of 129 residents with a score of 8 or more on the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) screening instrument, who did not meet the full diagnostic criteria for disorders, and were not suffering from @entity73 were recruited between April 2007 and December 2008. @entity1 were randomized to a guided self-help intervention (n = 67) or to usual care (n = 62). The main outcome measures were improvement in the level of symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 . The secondary outcome was improvement in participation in organized activities in the residential homes. The study is registered in de Dutch Cochrane Centre, under number ISRCTN27540731. RESULTS: Only 21% of the @entity1 (mean age 84.0 years (SD 6.7), 72.1% suffering from two or more @entity102 ) completed the intervention. Although we found some large positive effect sizes on the CES-D, none of these effects was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although guided self-help may be promising in the prevention of @entity308 and @entity148 , it proved to be difficult to apply in this very old and vulnerable group of @entity1 living in residential homes.

title: Feasibility and effectiveness of activity-scheduling as a guided self-help intervention for the prevention of @entity308 and XXXX in residents in homes for the elderly: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive and anxiety disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly @entity1 living in residential homes are at high risk for developing major @entity308 , and therefore deserve attention in terms of preventive interventions. We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a guided self-help intervention for the prevention of @entity308 and @entity148 in these residents. METHODS: We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in two parallel groups comparing the intervention with usual care in 14 residential homes in and surrounding the city of Amsterdam in the Netherlands. A total of 129 residents with a score of 8 or more on the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) screening instrument, who did not meet the full diagnostic criteria for disorders, and were not suffering from @entity73 were recruited between April 2007 and December 2008. @entity1 were randomized to a guided self-help intervention (n = 67) or to usual care (n = 62). The main outcome measures were improvement in the level of symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 . The secondary outcome was improvement in participation in organized activities in the residential homes. The study is registered in de Dutch Cochrane Centre, under number ISRCTN27540731. RESULTS: Only 21% of the @entity1 (mean age 84.0 years (SD 6.7), 72.1% suffering from two or more @entity102 ) completed the intervention. Although we found some large positive effect sizes on the CES-D, none of these effects was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although guided self-help may be promising in the prevention of @entity308 and @entity148 , it proved to be difficult to apply in this very old and vulnerable group of @entity1 living in residential homes.

title: Feasibility and effectiveness of activity-scheduling as a guided self-help intervention for the prevention of XXXX and @entity148 in residents in homes for the elderly: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the disease-free survival in @entity5 submitted to postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: we retrospectively studied 174 @entity1 with the following distribution: two cases of stage I, four stage II, 46 stage III and 122 stage IV. Regarding gender, 163 were male and 11 female; mean age was 56 years. All @entity1 underwent pharyngolaryngectomy; neck dissections were radical in 206 and selective in 16. One hundred six @entity1 underwent postoperative radiotherapy, with a mean dose of 58.2 Gy. RESULTS: Histological examination showed two cases of stage @entity2558 , 15 stage pT2, 100 stage @entity1803 and 57 stage pT4. As for lymph nodes, 25 @entity1 had no involvement (pN0); 149 presented with lymph node invasion (pN +). Five-year disease-free survival was 40% and the overall survival was 28%. According to the results of histological examination, five-year disease-free survival was 75% in clinical stage III versus 28% in IV. CONCLUSION: The initial manifestation of @entity957 of the hypopharynx happens in advanced stages (III and IV), with superior five-year disease-free survival in clinical stage III.

title: Impact of combination therapy on disease free survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharynx cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the 1861 injured inpatients and @entity204 in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University after the Wenchuan earthquake, to provide evidence to help improve emergency plans for earthquake, and the establishment of state-level regional medical centers. METHODS: The analyses use, data provided by the Department of Information of the hospital up until 23 July 2008. Microsoft Excel for data input and SPSS 11.5 for statistical analysis were used. RESULTS: By 23 July, 2728 @entity1 from the disaster areas had been treated in the hospital, of whom 872 were admitted to the emergency department and 1856 to the inpatient department (974 @entity1 , median age 43 years; 882 @entity1 , median age 46 years). Most (82.4%) @entity1 were sent to the hospital within the first two weeks after the earthquake, and the number of inpatients reached its peak on day 8 (976 cases). Most (60.2%) of the inpatients were discharged between day 9 and day 18. The injured @entity1 came mainly from Deyang, Aba Prefecture and Dujiangyan. On admission, the diagnoses were mainly fracture (54.8%), @entity542 (9.8%), and @entity130 (7.5%). Thirty-three @entity1 died, including five who were dead on arrival at the hospital, one @entity204 in the emergency department, and 27 inpatient @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The development of an emergency plan for medical rescue after an earthquake disaster is an essential step to enhance emergency response capability, to improve the scientific process of field triage, transport and transfer, and to ensure the rational allocation and application of healthcare resources after large disasters in the future.

title: Analysis of 1856 inpatients and 33 XXXX in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from the Wenchuan earthquake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal injury']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices on @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) among doctors in selected hospitals in @entity3595 Lanka. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 315 doctors in five government hospitals in @entity3595 Lanka between December 2007 and January 2008. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices. RESULTS: Of the 407 invited, 315 doctors participated, among whom, 87% (271) had heard the term @entity1297 , 30% (n= 94) were aware of the Cochrane Library, and 8.5% (n= 27) were current users of it. Forty-seven per cent (n= 148) claimed to understand the terms systematic review and 37% (n= 115) meta-analysis. Twenty-four per cent (n= 77) had been exposed to some form of @entity1297 training. All three components of @entity1297 were known by 18% (n= 56) of @entity1 . Attitudes toward @entity1297 were positive among 76% (n= 239), 80% (n= 251) believed the practice of @entity1297 would lead to improved @entity1 care, and 77% (n= 243) considered @entity1297 to be fundamental to professional practice. Just 3% (n= 13) considered it unimportant. @entity1297 was used in clinical practice by 54% (n= 169) of @entity1 . Thirty-six per cent (n= 114) referred to @entity1297 sources when relevant. Available clinical guidelines were referred to by 56% (n= 176), and 34% (n= 107) thought that available guidelines provide sufficient support for the practice of @entity1297 . The main barriers to practicing @entity1297 were insufficient resources, overwork, lack of exposure to @entity1297 , and lack of time and lack of endorsement of the need to practice @entity1297 . CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge and practices of @entity1297 among @entity3595 Lanka doctors were poor. However, attitudes toward @entity1297 were relatively good.

title: Evidence-based medicine knowledge, attitudes, and practices among doctors in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['EBM', 'evidence-based medicine']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Abdominal @entity378 , although rare, occurs mainly in immigrants from the Indian subcontinent. Such @entity1 comprise 13.5% of our local population and contributed 90% of a series of 72 @entity1 presenting in the last 16 years; a local disease incidence of 1:6000 for Asian immigrants. @entity1 and @entity1 were equally affected, but on average @entity1 were much younger. Diagnosis was made from one month to 10 years after immigration. No clinical feature was diagnostic, but @entity490 , night sweats and @entity353 occurred in more than half the @entity1 . The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 95% and no @entity1 tested had a negative Mantoux test. In 20 @entity1 diagnosis was by clinical suspicion and response to therapeutic trial. In 52, including 39 who had a laparotomy, histological and culture material was obtained but these @entity1 fared no better. Only one organism was resistant (to @entity3639 ) and rapid response to chemotherapy was the rule. Successful outcome was not related to the type of presentation, operative findings or specific chemotherapeutic agents. We would suggest that in Asians presenting with difficult-to-diagnose abdominal symptoms accompanied by malaise, raised ESR and a positive Mantoux test, a therapeutic trial of anti-tuberculous therapy should precede diagnostic laparotomy.

title: Abdominal XXXX in East Birmingham--a 16 year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The ideal treatment for @entity2023 refractory to medical therapy is still lacking. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of turbinate surgery with radiofrequency for the treatment of @entity2023 that is unresponsive to medical therapy. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. METHODS: From February 2000 to April 2002, 108 consecutive @entity1 (45 @entity1 and 63 @entity1 [mean age, 29.5 y]) with @entity2023 refractory to medical therapy who underwent radiofrequency turbinate surgery were enrolled in the study. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 26 months. A standard 0-to-10 visual analogue scale with an anchor was used to assess the @entity2531 , including @entity8968 , @entity5254 , sneezing, itchy nose, and @entity735 , preoperatively and postoperatively at the end of weeks 1 and 2 and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after surgery. Statistical analysis was determined by repeated measures of ANOVA. RESULTS: None of the 108 @entity1 had obvious discomfort other than mild numbness over the premaxillary area (24 of 108 [22.2%]) during operation. Also, no adverse reactions including bleeding, @entity281 , adhesion, or a worsening of @entity56 were encountered. One hundred one @entity1 were included in the final statistical analysis. Only nine @entity1 reported no improvement at all after treatment. The response rate of radiofrequency turbinate surgery for @entity2023 refractory to medical therapy was 91.1% (92 of 101). At 1 year after the treatment, the degree of @entity8968 had changed on the visual analogue scale (mean +/- SD) from 6.84 +/- 2.09 to 2.47 +/- 1.60, an improvement of 63.9%. The degree of @entity5254 had changed from 5.74 +/- 2.75 to 2.57 +/- 2.31, an improvement of 55.2%. The degree of sneezing had changed from 5.30 +/- 2.80 to 2.59 +/- 2.13, an improvement of 51.1%. The degree of itchy nose had changed from 3.74 +/- 3.16 to 1.82 +/- 2.27, an improvement of 51.3%. The degree of @entity735 had changed from 3.17 +/- 3.09 to 1.68 +/- 2.38, an improvement of 47.0%. The visual analogue scale scores for @entity8968 , @entity5254 , sneezing, itchy nose, and @entity735 decreased significantly with time, from preoperative scores to scores at 1 year after surgery. Other additional effects and improvements, including @entity10 , lumpy throat, night cough, and @entity392 , were also reported by the @entity1 . Most of the @entity1 stated that they would consider repeating this procedure if necessary and would recommend the new method to their friends with the same problems. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that radiofrequency appears to be an effective and safe tool for treating @entity2023 with poor response to medical therapy. In the future, radiofrequency has the potential to be one of the most popular surgical modalities for the treatment of @entity2023 refractory to medical therapy.

title: Radiofrequency for the treatment of XXXX refractory to medical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['itchy eyes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and the allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Number is a standard parameter of the @entity9999 that reportedly distinguishes normal and @entity735 . The authors evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the Number and examined whether expert clinical judgment of @entity9999 printouts leads to a better separation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two experienced observers judged 800 @entity9999 scans on 400 randomly presented printouts from 200 @entity726 @entity1 and 200 age-matched normal subjects. The diagnosis was based on the symmetry analysis printout and was per @entity1 rather than per eye. The observers assessed sensitivity for all @entity726 @entity1 together, and separately for mild, moderate, and severe @entity726 . Their specificity was determined in the group of normal subjects. The same procedure was performed for the Number, at various critical values. RESULTS: Both observers discriminated better than the Number. At a critical value of 23, the specificity of the Number was 81.5%, which matched the lowest specificity of the 2 observers: 82.5% and 92.0% for observers 1 and 2, respectively. At these specificities, the sensitivity of the 2 observers and of the Number were 92.0%, 89.5%, and 85.5%, respectively. The sensitivity increased with the severity of @entity726 . The Kappa values for intraobserver agreement were 0.80 and 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The Number yielded acceptable sensitivity and specificity values at a critical value of 23 in this test population. However, the clinical judgments of the printouts by both expert observers resulted in a better separation between normal and @entity735 , particularly in the group with mild @entity726 .

title: Sensitivity and specificity of the XXXX : clinical judgment of standard printouts versus the number.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity9999 :: (8266,Gene) :: ['GDx']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were (a) to explore @entity1 self-reported @entity227 resulting from @entity726 by means of a questionnaire developed for this purpose; (b) identify activities strongly associated with a measure of @entity227 , (c) to quantify different psychophysical aspects of visual function; (d) to assess the relationship between objective measures of visual function and @entity1 ' perception of their vision-related quality of life. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three groups of @entity726 @entity1 (n = 47) with mild (n = 18), moderate (n = 19), and severe @entity227 (n = 10) and a group of normal controls (n = 19) underwent a comprehensive clinical examination, completed a questionnaire and, on a separate visit, performed a number of psychophysical tests of visual function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire responses (vision-related quality of life, general health and psychosocial variables), visual acuity, visual fields, Esterman binocular disability scores, contrast sensitivity, critical flicker frequency, color vision, dark adaptation, @entity717 (brightness acuity), and stereoacuity scores were measured. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 50 questions were noted to have a strong significant relationship with a measure of @entity227 and were included in a new questionnaire scale, the @entity726 Quality of Life - 15 (GQL-15). The scale validity showed a significant correlation with perimetric @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) values (r = -0.6; P < 0.0001), the reliability of the scale was high (Cronbach alpha = 0.95), and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was strong (r = 0.87). An overall statistically significant decrease in performance-related quality of life was noted between normal subjects and all groups of @entity726 @entity1 . A significant relationship was found between the scale questionnaire summary performance measure and a number of psychophysical tests: Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity (r = -0.45, P < 0.001), @entity717 (r = -0.41, P < 0.001), Esterman binocular visual field test (r = -0.39, P < 0.001), dark adaptation (r = 0.34, P = 0.007), and stereopsis (r = 0.26, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Perceived @entity227 relating to certain tasks (particularly involving dark adaptation and disability glare, activities demanding functional peripheral vision such us tripping over and bumping into objects and outdoor mobility tasks) was significantly associated with the severity of binocular @entity227 . As a result, a new @entity726 -specific questionnaire scale with good performance characteristics is presented in this study. The difficulties encountered by @entity1 in everyday life (as measured with the questionnaire) were also mirrored in their performance on a number of psychophysical tests, especially contrast sensitivity, @entity717 , Esterman binocular visual field test, and dark adaptation.

title: Quality of life in XXXX and its relationship with visual function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glare disability']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: As suggested by findings of abnormal responses to posture in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG), cardiovascular autoregulation may also be defective in @entity725 ( @entity725 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Both 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and the head-up tilt test were performed in 17 subjects with NTG and in 13 subjects with high-tension @entity725 (ht- @entity725 ). These groups were compared with 17 age-matched healthy individuals. Subjects undergoing cardiovascular therapy were excluded. RESULTS: No significant differences in diurnal and nocturnal blood pressure and heart rate were found between the groups. A significant reduction in diurnal heart rate variability was found in NTG (12.1 +/- 2.8 bpm) compared with the ht- @entity725 (15.0 +/- 2.4 bpm, P < 0.01) and control groups (15.8 +/- 3.0 bpm, P = 0.01]). Nocturnal diastolic blood pressure variability was also reduced in NTG (6.9 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) compared with controls (8.6 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, P < 0.05]) as was heart rate variability (6.3 +/- 1.4 vs 8.3 +/- 2.6 in ht- @entity725 , P < 0.05), suggesting blunted blood pressure and heart rate modulation in NTG subjects. Spectral analysis of short-term heart rate variability showed a significant reduction of total power in the supine position (1064 +/- 600 in NTG vs 1688 +/- 889 ms2 in controls, P < 0.05]). This was not accompanied either by a physiological reduction in total power or in a high-frequency component during the passive orthostatic stimulus. These differences tend to become more prominent in the clinically more severe forms of NTG (as identified by scores based on the extent of optic disk excavation, @entity227 , and progression of disease). This would suggest a correlation between the extent of @entity4148 and severity of @entity726 . The alpha index (root-square of low-frequency heart rate to low-frequency blood pressure ratio) was lower in the supine position in NTG subjects (8.1 +/- 3.1 vs 10.6 +/- 3.3 ms/mm Hg in controls, P < 0.05), confirming the reduced baroreflex sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the hypothesis that dysfunction of autonomic control of the cardiovascular response may be a contributing pathogenetic factor in NTG, inducing a chronic @entity63 of the optic nerve.

title: Autonomic system activity and 24-hour blood pressure variations in subjects with normal- and high-tension XXXX .

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic disorder']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -coated stents are a promising new therapy for @entity256 . We treated a select group of @entity1 at especially high risk for @entity256 with oral @entity3446 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were treated with an oral @entity3446 -loading dose of 6 mg after coronary angioplasty, followed by 2 mg/d for 4 weeks. Serum electrolytes, lipid profile, renal panel, and complete blood cell count were measured at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after drug initiation. Oral @entity3446 was prescribed to 22 @entity1 who had a total of 28 lesions and were at high risk for @entity256 . Of the 22 study @entity1 , 11 (50%) discontinued oral @entity3446 early because of side effects or @entity854 . @entity2298 and @entity1431 were the most frequent adverse events, occurring in 3 @entity1 each. All adverse drug effects were reversible after discontinuation. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of @entity1 at a mean of 9.9+/-1.8 months, ranging from 6.5 to 11.8 months. @entity75 revascularization (TLR) occurred in 15 of 28 lesions (53.6%) and 13 of 22 @entity1 (59.1%). There was no difference in TLR for @entity1 receiving a complete course of @entity3446 (n=8; 72.7%) compared with @entity1 who terminated treatment prematurely (n=5; 45.5%; P=NS). Clinically driven repeat cardiac catheterization was obtained in 15 (68.2%) @entity1 ; @entity256 (>50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) was present in 13 (86.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3446 does not appear to provide benefit to @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity256 . Adverse drug effects are frequent, underscoring the importance of local drug delivery to achieve high tissue concentrations without systemic adverse drug effects.

title: Pilot trial of oral XXXX for recalcitrant @entity256 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -coated stents are a promising new therapy for @entity256 . We treated a select group of @entity1 at especially high risk for @entity256 with oral @entity3446 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were treated with an oral @entity3446 -loading dose of 6 mg after coronary angioplasty, followed by 2 mg/d for 4 weeks. Serum electrolytes, lipid profile, renal panel, and complete blood cell count were measured at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after drug initiation. Oral @entity3446 was prescribed to 22 @entity1 who had a total of 28 lesions and were at high risk for @entity256 . Of the 22 study @entity1 , 11 (50%) discontinued oral @entity3446 early because of side effects or @entity854 . @entity2298 and @entity1431 were the most frequent adverse events, occurring in 3 @entity1 each. All adverse drug effects were reversible after discontinuation. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of @entity1 at a mean of 9.9+/-1.8 months, ranging from 6.5 to 11.8 months. @entity75 revascularization (TLR) occurred in 15 of 28 lesions (53.6%) and 13 of 22 @entity1 (59.1%). There was no difference in TLR for @entity1 receiving a complete course of @entity3446 (n=8; 72.7%) compared with @entity1 who terminated treatment prematurely (n=5; 45.5%; P=NS). Clinically driven repeat cardiac catheterization was obtained in 15 (68.2%) @entity1 ; @entity256 (>50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) was present in 13 (86.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3446 does not appear to provide benefit to @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity256 . Adverse drug effects are frequent, underscoring the importance of local drug delivery to achieve high tissue concentrations without systemic adverse drug effects.

title: Pilot trial of oral @entity3446 for recalcitrant XXXX .

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: We aimed to estimate the number of @entity140 receptors (AMPARs) bound by the quantal transmitter packet, their single-channel conductance and their density in the postsynaptic membrane at cerebellar Purkinje cell synapses. The synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs were examined in Purkinje cells in 2- to 4-day-old @entity35 , when they receive synaptic inputs solely from climbing fibres (CFs). Evoked CF EPSCs and whole-cell @entity140 currents displayed roughly linear current-voltage relationships, consistent with the presence of @entity139 subunits in synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs. The mean quantal size, estimated from the miniature EPSCs (MEPSCs), was approximately 300 pS. Peak-scaled non-stationary fluctuation analysis of spontaneous EPSCs and MEPSCs gave a weighted-mean synaptic channel conductance of approximately 5 pS (approximately 7 pS when corrected for filtering). By applying non-stationary fluctuation analysis to extrasynaptic currents activated by brief @entity2227 pulses (5 mM), we also obtained a small single-channel conductance estimate for extrasynaptic AMPARs (approximately 11 pS). This approach allowed us to obtain a maximum open probability (Po,max) value for the extrasynaptic receptors (Po,max = 0.72). Directly resolved extrasynaptic channel openings in the continued presence of @entity2227 exhibited clear multiple-conductance levels. The mean area of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of these synapses was 0.074 microm2, measured by reconstructing electron-microscopic (EM) serial sections. Postembedding immunogold labelling by anti- @entity139 /3 antibody revealed that AMPARs are localised in PSDs. From these data and by simulating error factors, we estimate that at least 66 AMPARs are bound by a quantal transmitter packet at CF-Purkinje cell synapses, and the receptors are packed at a minimum density of approximately 900 microm-2 in the postsynaptic membrane.

title: The density of XXXX receptors activated by a transmitter quantum at the climbing fibre-Purkinje cell synapse in immature @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: We aimed to estimate the number of @entity140 receptors (AMPARs) bound by the quantal transmitter packet, their single-channel conductance and their density in the postsynaptic membrane at cerebellar Purkinje cell synapses. The synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs were examined in Purkinje cells in 2- to 4-day-old @entity35 , when they receive synaptic inputs solely from climbing fibres (CFs). Evoked CF EPSCs and whole-cell @entity140 currents displayed roughly linear current-voltage relationships, consistent with the presence of @entity139 subunits in synaptic and extrasynaptic AMPARs. The mean quantal size, estimated from the miniature EPSCs (MEPSCs), was approximately 300 pS. Peak-scaled non-stationary fluctuation analysis of spontaneous EPSCs and MEPSCs gave a weighted-mean synaptic channel conductance of approximately 5 pS (approximately 7 pS when corrected for filtering). By applying non-stationary fluctuation analysis to extrasynaptic currents activated by brief @entity2227 pulses (5 mM), we also obtained a small single-channel conductance estimate for extrasynaptic AMPARs (approximately 11 pS). This approach allowed us to obtain a maximum open probability (Po,max) value for the extrasynaptic receptors (Po,max = 0.72). Directly resolved extrasynaptic channel openings in the continued presence of @entity2227 exhibited clear multiple-conductance levels. The mean area of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of these synapses was 0.074 microm2, measured by reconstructing electron-microscopic (EM) serial sections. Postembedding immunogold labelling by anti- @entity139 /3 antibody revealed that AMPARs are localised in PSDs. From these data and by simulating error factors, we estimate that at least 66 AMPARs are bound by a quantal transmitter packet at CF-Purkinje cell synapses, and the receptors are packed at a minimum density of approximately 900 microm-2 in the postsynaptic membrane.

title: The density of @entity140 receptors activated by a transmitter quantum at the climbing fibre-Purkinje cell synapse in immature XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Worldwide studies have shown that significant proportions of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) do not meet targets for glycaemic control, blood pressure (BP) and lipids, putting them at higher risk of developing complications. However, little is known about medicines management in Australian primary care populations with T2DM. The aim of this study was to (i) describe the management of a large group of @entity1 in primary care, (ii) identify areas for improvement in management and (iii) determine any relationship between adherence and glycaemic, BP and lipid control. METHODS: This was a retrospective, epidemiological study of primary care @entity1 with T2DM @entity6 , with HbA(1c) of >7%, recruited in 90 Australian community pharmacies. Data collected included demographic details, @entity6 history, current medication regimen, height, weight, BP, physical activity and smoking status. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 430 @entity1 , 98% used antidiabetics, 80% antihypertensives, 73% lipid lowering drugs and 38% @entity117 . BP and all lipid targets were met by only 21% and 14% of the treated @entity1 and 21% and 12% of the untreated @entity1 respectively. Medication adherence was related to better glycaemic control (P = 0.04). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: An evidence-base prescribing practice gap was seen in this Australian primary care population of T2DM @entity1 . @entity1 were undertreated with antihypertensive and lipid lowering medication, and several subgroups with co-morbidities were not receiving the recommended pharmacotherapy. Interventions are required to redress the current evidence-base prescribing practice gap in disease management in primary care.

title: XXXX management in an Australian primary care population.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity1206 and @entity1205 are two effective drugs in @entity418 ; our purpose was to evaluate efficacy and @entity137 of a combination of these drugs in recurrent @entity1544 . Twenty @entity1 previously treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy (n = 14), surgery alone (n = 2), surgery plus radiotherapy (n = 2), or concomitant chemoradiotherapy + surgey (n = 2) were enrolled. Thirteen @entity1 had a local-regional recurrence, two @entity1 had @entity3 , and five @entity1 had both. The doses were 80 mg/m(2) for @entity1205 and 20 mg/m(2) for @entity1206 on d 1 every 21 d for a maximum of six cycles. Twenty @entity1 received a total of 106 cycles (median per @entity1 , 5). @entity1398 was the most frequent and severe side effect (grade 4 in 80%; grade 3 in 20%). The overall response rate was 60%, which included 3 of 20 complete responses (15%) and 9 of 20 partial responses (45%). Median response duration was 7 mo (2-50+). Overall median survival was 10.5 mo (range, 2-55+). A @entity1282 improvement was observed in 81% of @entity1 . In conclusion, the data from this phase II study indicate that this combination is effective in recurrent heavily pretreated @entity1 with a short-lasting manageable @entity137 .

title: @entity1205 and XXXX : an effective regimen in recurrent squamous cell esophageal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine', 'vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: @entity1206 and @entity1205 are two effective drugs in @entity418 ; our purpose was to evaluate efficacy and @entity137 of a combination of these drugs in recurrent @entity1544 . Twenty @entity1 previously treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy (n = 14), surgery alone (n = 2), surgery plus radiotherapy (n = 2), or concomitant chemoradiotherapy + surgey (n = 2) were enrolled. Thirteen @entity1 had a local-regional recurrence, two @entity1 had @entity3 , and five @entity1 had both. The doses were 80 mg/m(2) for @entity1205 and 20 mg/m(2) for @entity1206 on d 1 every 21 d for a maximum of six cycles. Twenty @entity1 received a total of 106 cycles (median per @entity1 , 5). @entity1398 was the most frequent and severe side effect (grade 4 in 80%; grade 3 in 20%). The overall response rate was 60%, which included 3 of 20 complete responses (15%) and 9 of 20 partial responses (45%). Median response duration was 7 mo (2-50+). Overall median survival was 10.5 mo (range, 2-55+). A @entity1282 improvement was observed in 81% of @entity1 . In conclusion, the data from this phase II study indicate that this combination is effective in recurrent heavily pretreated @entity1 with a short-lasting manageable @entity137 .

title: XXXX and @entity1206 : an effective regimen in recurrent squamous cell esophageal carcinoma.

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the outcomes of @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy as an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after failure of two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 @entity1 who had evidence of disease progression after two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens, @entity136 and @entity900 (GC course), and @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC course) as first-line and second-line treatments. As third-line chemotherapy, @entity1 received @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (70 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS: Complete remission occurred in one @entity1 (4.8%), partial remission occurred in three @entity1 (14.3%) and stable disease occurred in five @entity1 (23.8%). The overall response rate was 19.0% and the overall disease control rate, including stable disease, was 42.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI 3.0-5.0). The median overall survival was 9 months (95% CI 7.0-15.0). Grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 appeared in 85.7% of @entity1 . No life-threatening complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy could be an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after the failure of two consecutive standard @entity902 -based regimens.

title: @entity1311 and XXXX chemotherapy for metastatic @entity189 after failure of two courses of @entity902 -based regimens.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the outcomes of @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy as an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after failure of two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 @entity1 who had evidence of disease progression after two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens, @entity136 and @entity900 (GC course), and @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC course) as first-line and second-line treatments. As third-line chemotherapy, @entity1 received @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (70 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS: Complete remission occurred in one @entity1 (4.8%), partial remission occurred in three @entity1 (14.3%) and stable disease occurred in five @entity1 (23.8%). The overall response rate was 19.0% and the overall disease control rate, including stable disease, was 42.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI 3.0-5.0). The median overall survival was 9 months (95% CI 7.0-15.0). Grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 appeared in 85.7% of @entity1 . No life-threatening complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy could be an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after the failure of two consecutive standard @entity902 -based regimens.

title: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX after failure of two courses of @entity902 -based regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the outcomes of @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy as an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after failure of two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 @entity1 who had evidence of disease progression after two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens, @entity136 and @entity900 (GC course), and @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC course) as first-line and second-line treatments. As third-line chemotherapy, @entity1 received @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (70 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS: Complete remission occurred in one @entity1 (4.8%), partial remission occurred in three @entity1 (14.3%) and stable disease occurred in five @entity1 (23.8%). The overall response rate was 19.0% and the overall disease control rate, including stable disease, was 42.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI 3.0-5.0). The median overall survival was 9 months (95% CI 7.0-15.0). Grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 appeared in 85.7% of @entity1 . No life-threatening complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy could be an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after the failure of two consecutive standard @entity902 -based regimens.

title: XXXX and @entity900 chemotherapy for metastatic @entity189 after failure of two courses of @entity902 -based regimens.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the outcomes of @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy as an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after failure of two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 @entity1 who had evidence of disease progression after two consecutive @entity902 -based regimens, @entity136 and @entity900 (GC course), and @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 (M-VAC course) as first-line and second-line treatments. As third-line chemotherapy, @entity1 received @entity1311 (175 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (70 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks until disease progression. RESULTS: Complete remission occurred in one @entity1 (4.8%), partial remission occurred in three @entity1 (14.3%) and stable disease occurred in five @entity1 (23.8%). The overall response rate was 19.0% and the overall disease control rate, including stable disease, was 42.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months (95% CI 3.0-5.0). The median overall survival was 9 months (95% CI 7.0-15.0). Grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 appeared in 85.7% of @entity1 . No life-threatening complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy could be an optional regimen for @entity1 with metastatic @entity189 after the failure of two consecutive standard @entity902 -based regimens.

title: @entity1311 and @entity900 chemotherapy for metastatic @entity189 after failure of two courses of XXXX -based regimens.

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The clinical and laboratory features, treatment, prognosis, complications and disability of 45 @entity1 with @entity11533 were studied. Sixty per cent of the @entity1 were female. Median age at onset was 25 years and median observation period after onset was 41 months. For 28 @entity1 detailed data were available of the first month of illness. In only 43 per cent of these did the disease present with the classical triad of @entity221 , @entity625 and @entity1910 , although in the whole group eventually, @entity221 with temperatures of 40 degrees C or more occurred in 84 per cent, @entity625 in 98 per cent, and the typical @entity1910 in 82 per cent. In 32 per cent of the @entity1 with @entity1910 , this was pruritic. Other features seen frequently were: lymphadenopathy (71 per cent), @entity381 (36 per cent), @entity5641 and/or @entity55 (31 per cent), @entity2396 (22 per cent), leucocytosis (98 per cent) and @entity409 (84 per cent). The high spiking @entity221 was reduced to normal in six of 21 cases (29 per cent) by @entity117 , in 19 of 27 cases (70 per cent) by @entity3352 and in six of seven cases (86 per cent) by @entity1623 . In 16 of 21 cases (76 per cent) glucocorticoids reduced the systemic and/or joint symptoms. In three @entity1 who remained febrile on glucocorticoids, @entity3352 reduced temperature to normal. Eight @entity1 whose @entity2720 improved on @entity230 later developed severe joint destructions. Thirteen @entity1 received one or several slow-acting antirheumatic drugs. Only in eight of 18 trials (44 per cent) with one of these drugs did symptoms and signs improve. Fifty-one per cent of the 45 @entity1 had self-limiting disease and 49 per cent had persistent disease with continuous activity for at least one year. At the time of evaluation 47 per cent of the 45 @entity1 were in remission without medication, 33 per cent were in remission while on medication and 20 per cent had active disease. Three life-threatening complications occurred: two @entity1 developed signs of @entity2293 and one almost died from @entity5642 . Disability was determined primarily by the course of the @entity625 . At the time of review 43 per cent of the 45 @entity1 had no joint destruction (Group 1), 24 per cent had destruction of at least one joint, but had no evidence of disease of the root joints (Group 2) and 33 per cent had destruction in at least one root joint (Group 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX ; clinical and laboratory features, treatment and progress of 45 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["adult-onset Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['Adult-onset Still's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: HLAMatchmaker is a recently developed computer-based algorithm to determine donor-recipient HLA compatibility at the molecular level. Originally designed for highly alloimmunized @entity1 , this algorithm is based on the concept that immunogenic epitopes are represented by @entity535 triplets on exposed parts of protein sequences of @entity17374 chains accessible to alloantibodies. Donor HLA compatibility is determined by intralocus and interlocus comparisons of triplets in polymorphic sequence positions. For most @entity1 , HLAMatchmaker can identify certain mismatched HLA antigens that are zero-triplet mismatches to the @entity1 's HLA phenotype and should, therefore, be considered fully histocompatible. The present study was designed to determine how class I HLA matching at the triplet level affects kidney transplant outcome. METHODS: We analyzed two multicenter databases of zero-HLA-DR-mismatched kidneys transplanted from 1987 to 1999. One database consisted of 31,879 primary allografts registered by U.S. transplant centers in the United Network for Organ Sharing database and the other consisted of 15,872 transplants in the Eurotransplant program. RESULTS: @entity1529 ,B mismatched kidneys that were compatible at the triplet level exhibited almost identical graft survival rates as the zero- @entity1529 ,B antigen mismatches defined by conventional criteria. This beneficial effect of triplet matching was seen for both nonsensitized and sensitized @entity1 and also for white and nonwhite @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the application of HLAMatchmaker will increase the number of successful transplants, at least in the HLA-DR match combinations.

title: HLAmatchmaker: a molecularly based algorithm for histocompatibility determination. III. Effect of matching at the XXXX ,B @entity535 triplet level on kidney transplant survival.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1529 :: (3105,Gene) :: ['HLA-A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: HLAMatchmaker is a recently developed computer-based algorithm to determine donor-recipient HLA compatibility at the molecular level. Originally designed for highly alloimmunized @entity1 , this algorithm is based on the concept that immunogenic epitopes are represented by @entity535 triplets on exposed parts of protein sequences of @entity17374 chains accessible to alloantibodies. Donor HLA compatibility is determined by intralocus and interlocus comparisons of triplets in polymorphic sequence positions. For most @entity1 , HLAMatchmaker can identify certain mismatched HLA antigens that are zero-triplet mismatches to the @entity1 's HLA phenotype and should, therefore, be considered fully histocompatible. The present study was designed to determine how class I HLA matching at the triplet level affects kidney transplant outcome. METHODS: We analyzed two multicenter databases of zero-HLA-DR-mismatched kidneys transplanted from 1987 to 1999. One database consisted of 31,879 primary allografts registered by U.S. transplant centers in the United Network for Organ Sharing database and the other consisted of 15,872 transplants in the Eurotransplant program. RESULTS: @entity1529 ,B mismatched kidneys that were compatible at the triplet level exhibited almost identical graft survival rates as the zero- @entity1529 ,B antigen mismatches defined by conventional criteria. This beneficial effect of triplet matching was seen for both nonsensitized and sensitized @entity1 and also for white and nonwhite @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the application of HLAMatchmaker will increase the number of successful transplants, at least in the HLA-DR match combinations.

title: HLAmatchmaker: a molecularly based algorithm for histocompatibility determination. III. Effect of matching at the @entity1529 ,B XXXX triplet level on kidney transplant survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Generally, @entity1199 -activated killer (LAK) cells kill target cells early after the LAK cells adhere to them. In this study, we describe that LAK cells can also kill at a later time, such as 24-96 h. LAK cells were generated from a @entity5 @entity1 and healthy volunteers. As target cells, the @entity1 's autotumor cell line H41 was used. When LAK cells were added to the target cells in a culture well, the LAK cells killed the target cells by cell-cell adhesion within 1-4 h (early killing), but not all cells were killed. The LAK cells were then removed. However, the remaining cells ultimately died 24-96 h later (late killing). The late killing was different from the early killing because numerous granules and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm. The late killing was not induced by adding supernatant of the LAK cell culture, suggesting that LAK-target cell contact may be necessary for the killing. The cell injury was inhibited by @entity2456 (lysosome inhibitor). It suggests that the vacuoles may be caused by activated lysosome. The @entity1 's LAK cells induced late killing at high levels. There was a high percentage of @entity405 (+)CD16(+) cells in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). This subset induced late killing more effectively than the @entity405 (-)CD16(+) subset. Killing was more conspicuous against H41 than against allogeneic cell line T98G. This type of killing is noteworthy for understanding of killing mechanism of LAK cells.

title: XXXX -activated killer cells can kill target cells not only by early killing but also by late killing, and the late killing level against autotumor cell line.

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Lymphokine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is one of the most common diseases. It is associated with a significant @entity717 and many studies have shown that it results in numerous sick-leaves, with substantial economic burden. However, most of the studies have been conducted in Northern Europe and the situation in France remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To describe the management of @entity308 @entity1 and assess the impact of treatment on professional activity and sick-leave. METHODS: An epidemiological observational longitudinal study (NEXTEP) performed by TNS Healthcare in private practice psychiatrists. RESULTS: Data of 2516 @entity1 included by 771 psychiatrists were analyzed. @entity1 aged 20 to 60 years, with professional activity and presenting with @entity308 were eligible if they were prescribed an antidepressant drug for the first time by this psychiatrist on the day of consultation. @entity1 represented 65% of the cohort. Mean MADRS score at baseline was 34  7.7/60 and 47% of @entity1 had a severe @entity308 ; only 5% had mild @entity308 . Professional activity was impaired in 95% of cases. A sick-leave certificate was granted to 35% of the @entity1 at the end of the first visit (first sick-leave or renewal in 14% and 21% of cases, respectively), and 100% were prescribed a pharmacological treatment (antidepressant agent). After 2 months, MADRS scores had dramatically decreased (-21 points on average) and 50% of the @entity1 were symptom free. Most @entity1 (75%) perceived improvement in working capacity; only 13% of @entity1 received a sick-leave certificate. @entity837 was associated with a significantly greater improvement in @entity308 , along with a significantly lower number and duration of sick-leave certificates. In multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity308 improvement were decreased in @entity148 , improved in self-esteem, and @entity837 treatment. DISCUSSION: Frequency and duration of sick-leave appear lower than in other studies, notably those conducted in Scandinavian countries. However, employment laws are different, which may influence the physicians' attitudes. CONCLUSION: This study is the first that accurately describes the management of @entity308 @entity1 and the impact of treatment on professional activity and sick-leave in France. It suggests that an appropriate management of @entity308 @entity1 results in a rapid improvement of symptoms and work resumption in most cases.

title: [ XXXX and professional activity: results of the NEXTEP study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram', 'Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial disability']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Aerobic fitness as assessed by maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) has been shown to be associated with an @entity536 during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 (mean age = 24.7 yrs) were evaluated during progressive LBNP to -50 torr. Each subject's VO2max was determined using indirect calorimetry during the Bruce protocol exercise test. Eight subjects [mean VO2max = 56.8 (ml O2 X @entity1009 ) X kg-1] were designated as trained, and eight subjects [mean VO2max = 39.4 (ml O2 X @entity1009 ) X kg-1] were designated as untrained. During LBNP, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac index, forearm blood flow, and leg circumference were measured. All subjects completed the LBNP protocol without clinical symptoms of pre- @entity1163 . The over-all hemodynamic responses of both groups to LBNP were qualitatively similar to previous findings reported for males. However, no significant differences in response of hemodynamic variables were observed between trained and untrained subjects during LBNP to -50 torr (P greater than 0.05) except for vascular resistance and diastolic blood pressure at -50 torr where the untrained value was greater than the trained value. This would suggest that a fitness-related difference may have been present at higher levels of LBNP. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports in males, the index of baroreflex responsiveness (delta heart rate/delta systolic blood pressure) was similar for both groups (P greater than 0.05). When these data were compared with a similar subject pool of males, the females displayed a significantly greater (P less than 0.05) tolerance of LBNP to -50 torr regardless of fitness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Physical fitness and hemodynamic response of XXXX to lower body negative pressure.

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated baroreflex function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the clinical significance of @entity432 in the development and prognosis of @entity1274 (SSNHL). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-four adult @entity1 with idiopathic SSNHL and 54 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated between January 2014 and May 2015. Arterial stiffness was assessed from brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and other cardiovascular markers including blood pressure, body mass index, and lipid profiles were determined. The SSNHL @entity1 were divided into two groups, recovery and nonrecovery, according to hearing recovery. RESULTS: BaPWV was higher in the SSNHL group than in the control group (P = .036), whereas comorbidity, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were similar. In addition, baPWV was correlated with initial hearing threshold, which indicated the severity of SSNHL (r = 0.38, P = .004). Univariate analysis showed that age, initial hearing threshold, and baPWV were higher in the nonrecovery group than the recovery group (P = .001, P = .004, and P = .007, respectively). There was also a significantly higher prevalence of a history of @entity101 or @entity6 in the nonrecovery group than in the recovery group. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the initial hearing threshold was associated with hearing recovery (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS: Higher baPWV, representative of @entity432 , was associated with development and severity of SSNHL, which supports the hypothesis of a vascular etiology for this disease. Arterial stiffness had limited value in predicting the prognosis of SSNHL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b. Laryngoscope, 2016.

title: Clinical significance of @entity432 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the clinical significance of @entity432 in the development and prognosis of @entity1274 (SSNHL). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-four adult @entity1 with idiopathic SSNHL and 54 age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated between January 2014 and May 2015. Arterial stiffness was assessed from brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and other cardiovascular markers including blood pressure, body mass index, and lipid profiles were determined. The SSNHL @entity1 were divided into two groups, recovery and nonrecovery, according to hearing recovery. RESULTS: BaPWV was higher in the SSNHL group than in the control group (P = .036), whereas comorbidity, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were similar. In addition, baPWV was correlated with initial hearing threshold, which indicated the severity of SSNHL (r = 0.38, P = .004). Univariate analysis showed that age, initial hearing threshold, and baPWV were higher in the nonrecovery group than the recovery group (P = .001, P = .004, and P = .007, respectively). There was also a significantly higher prevalence of a history of @entity101 or @entity6 in the nonrecovery group than in the recovery group. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the initial hearing threshold was associated with hearing recovery (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS: Higher baPWV, representative of @entity432 , was associated with development and severity of SSNHL, which supports the hypothesis of a vascular etiology for this disease. Arterial stiffness had limited value in predicting the prognosis of SSNHL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3b. Laryngoscope, 2016.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX in @entity1274 .

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3949 is a debilitating complication of @entity6 . Animal models of type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) suggest that functional and structural changes, specifically axo-glial dysjunction, may contribute to @entity16 development. The present study sought to examine and characterise early sensory axonal function in T1DM @entity1 in the absence of clinical @entity16 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with T1DM (15M:15F) without @entity16 underwent median nerve sensory and motor axonal excitability studies to examine axonal function. A verified mathematical model of @entity1 motor and sensory axons was used to elucidate the underlying causes of observed alterations. RESULTS: Compared to controls (NC), T1DM @entity1 demonstrated significant @entity66 in sensory and motor axons. These included marked reductions in sensory and motor subexcitability during the recovery cycle (T1DM 7.9  0.4:10.4  0.6%, NC 10.4  0.7:15.4  1.2%, P<0.01) and during hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus at 10-20ms (T1DM -75.5  0.8:-69.7  0.8%, NC -78.4  1:-72.7  0.9%, P<0.01). Mathematical modelling demonstrated that these changes were due to reduced nodal @entity4024 currents, nodal/paranodal @entity3529 conductances and @entity4024 / @entity3529 pump dysfunction, consistent with axo-glial dysjunction as outlined in animal models of T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided support for the occurrence of early changes in nodal and @entity713 in @entity1 with T1DM. SIGNIFICANCE: These data indicate that axonal excitability techniques may detect early changes in @entity6 @entity1 , providing a window of opportunity for prophylactic intervention in T1DM.

title: In vivo evidence of reduced nodal and @entity713 in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axonal excitability abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['paranodal conductances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3949 is a debilitating complication of @entity6 . Animal models of type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) suggest that functional and structural changes, specifically axo-glial dysjunction, may contribute to @entity16 development. The present study sought to examine and characterise early sensory axonal function in T1DM @entity1 in the absence of clinical @entity16 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with T1DM (15M:15F) without @entity16 underwent median nerve sensory and motor axonal excitability studies to examine axonal function. A verified mathematical model of @entity1 motor and sensory axons was used to elucidate the underlying causes of observed alterations. RESULTS: Compared to controls (NC), T1DM @entity1 demonstrated significant @entity66 in sensory and motor axons. These included marked reductions in sensory and motor subexcitability during the recovery cycle (T1DM 7.9  0.4:10.4  0.6%, NC 10.4  0.7:15.4  1.2%, P<0.01) and during hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus at 10-20ms (T1DM -75.5  0.8:-69.7  0.8%, NC -78.4  1:-72.7  0.9%, P<0.01). Mathematical modelling demonstrated that these changes were due to reduced nodal @entity4024 currents, nodal/paranodal @entity3529 conductances and @entity4024 / @entity3529 pump dysfunction, consistent with axo-glial dysjunction as outlined in animal models of T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: The study provided support for the occurrence of early changes in nodal and @entity713 in @entity1 with T1DM. SIGNIFICANCE: These data indicate that axonal excitability techniques may detect early changes in @entity6 @entity1 , providing a window of opportunity for prophylactic intervention in T1DM.

title: In vivo evidence of reduced nodal and XXXX in type 1 @entity6 .

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['paranodal conductances']


abstract: We compared chromosome 8 and 11 aneuploidies on bladder biopsy @entity5 tissues and bladder washing @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) and their relationship to @entity5 malignancy. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to nuclei of washing material and biopsy samples of 17 @entity1 with @entity1606 . Incidence of cells having @entity2007 was clearly nonrandom from @entity1 to @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the incidence of aneuploid frequency for chromosomes 8 and 11 between biopsies of @entity150 and bladder washing samples (P > 0.05). For chromosome 8, incidence of disomic cells (having two signals) in @entity5 was significantly lower than in grade II @entity5 of both washing samples (P = 0.004) and biopsy materials (P = 0.005), indicating a high frequency of @entity2007 . The incidence of nuclei with four or more than four signals of chromosome 8 was significantly higher in @entity5 than in grade II @entity5 in washing samples (P = 0.031 and 0.003, respectively). Similarly, in biopsy material, the incidence of nuclei with more than four signals of chromosome 8 was significantly higher in @entity5 than in grade II @entity5 (P = 0.004). For chromosome 11, in both washing samples and biopsy materials, the incidence of disomic cells (having two signals) in @entity5 was significantly lower than that detected in grade II @entity5 (P = 0.031 and 0.014, respectively), indicating a high frequency of @entity2007 . In biopsy materials, the incidence of nuclei with three or four signals was significantly higher than that in grade II @entity5 (P = 0.014 and 0.012, respectively). These findings suggest that FISH analysis of bladder washing samples can be effectively detected as genetic changes of @entity150 . It might predict genetic progression of these @entity5 , which might be related to @entity5 stage, because higher stages of @entity5 showed a higher incidence of aneuploidies of chromosomes 8 and 11.

title: Evaluation of chromosome 8 and 11 aneuploidies in washings and biopsy materials of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'samples of transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of recombinant adenovirus 2 @entity876 (rAd2p53) gene therapy and radiotherapy would have significantly improved outcome from @entity418 when compared to radiotherapy (RT) alone. Forty-five @entity1 diagnosed with @entity418 ( @entity957 ) were randomly assigned to one of two study arms: treatment group: rAd2p53 gene therapy  +  RT (n  =  22); and control group: radiotherapy (n  =  23). For the treatment group, rAd2p53 was injected into multiple areas of the lesion once a week for 6  weeks avoiding deep @entity1066 points. RT was administered after 3  days of injection of rAd2p53. @entity1 in the control group only received radiotherapy. The overall response rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in control group (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the complete response rate was 3 times higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P  <  0.05). Transient @entity221 and @entity158 at injection site were the only side effects mentioned in the treatment group. In conclusion, this recombinant virus-RT combination is significantly more beneficial in palliation than RT alone, with minor side affects. However, its role as neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgical resection needs to be further investigated.

title: Antitumor activity of a combination of rAd2p53 adenoviral gene therapy and radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['confirmed squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether narrow band imaging (NBI)-assisted transurethral resection (TUR) (NBI-TUR) has an impact on non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) @entity5 rate compared to white light (WL)-assisted TUR (WL-TUR). METHODS: @entity1 with NMIBC treated with either NBI- or WL-TUR were compared in a frequency-matched index-control setting. During NBI-TUR, all suspicious lesions identified by either WL or NBI were resected. Index @entity1 (NBI-TUR, n  =  40) were prospectively recruited and control @entity1 (WL-TUR, n  =  120) were retrospectively collected, whilst being blinded for their first follow-up (fFU)-status. Non-radical TUR cases, @entity1 without evidence of @entity189 in the pathology specimen and those with @entity189 in situ or muscle invasive disease were excluded. Matching was based on the risk of @entity5 recurrence defined by (a) the EORTC risk score for recurrence and (b) the administration or not of one single chemotherapeutic intravesical instillation immediately after TUR. All @entity1 underwent routine follow-up with WL cystoscopy supplemented with cytology at 3 months or re-TUR in selected cases. The @entity5 rates at fFU (RR-fFU) of @entity1 with NMIBC submitted to either NBI- or WL-TUR were compared. RESULTS: Baseline @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were comparable between groups. The RR-fFU for WL- and NBI-TUR was 30.5% (36 out of 118 @entity1 ) and 15.0% (6 out of 40 @entity1 ), respectively (OR: 2.7, one-sided 95% CI: 1.2-6.1; P  =  0.03). CONCLUSION: NBI-TUR decreases @entity5 rate significantly when compared to a matched cohort of WL-TUR.

title: Narrow band imaging-assisted transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive XXXX significantly reduces @entity5 rate.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'isolated carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether narrow band imaging (NBI)-assisted transurethral resection (TUR) (NBI-TUR) has an impact on non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) @entity5 rate compared to white light (WL)-assisted TUR (WL-TUR). METHODS: @entity1 with NMIBC treated with either NBI- or WL-TUR were compared in a frequency-matched index-control setting. During NBI-TUR, all suspicious lesions identified by either WL or NBI were resected. Index @entity1 (NBI-TUR, n  =  40) were prospectively recruited and control @entity1 (WL-TUR, n  =  120) were retrospectively collected, whilst being blinded for their first follow-up (fFU)-status. Non-radical TUR cases, @entity1 without evidence of @entity189 in the pathology specimen and those with @entity189 in situ or muscle invasive disease were excluded. Matching was based on the risk of @entity5 recurrence defined by (a) the EORTC risk score for recurrence and (b) the administration or not of one single chemotherapeutic intravesical instillation immediately after TUR. All @entity1 underwent routine follow-up with WL cystoscopy supplemented with cytology at 3 months or re-TUR in selected cases. The @entity5 rates at fFU (RR-fFU) of @entity1 with NMIBC submitted to either NBI- or WL-TUR were compared. RESULTS: Baseline @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics were comparable between groups. The RR-fFU for WL- and NBI-TUR was 30.5% (36 out of 118 @entity1 ) and 15.0% (6 out of 40 @entity1 ), respectively (OR: 2.7, one-sided 95% CI: 1.2-6.1; P  =  0.03). CONCLUSION: NBI-TUR decreases @entity5 rate significantly when compared to a matched cohort of WL-TUR.

title: Narrow band imaging-assisted transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive @entity150 significantly reduces XXXX rate.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['residual tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive capacity of several markers of reproductive age in normal @entity1 . METHODS: Healthy female volunteers (n = 162) aged 25-46 years with proven, normal fertility and regular menstrual cycles were recruited. In this selected group, chronological age was assumed to approximate reproductive age and, therefore, was taken as the proxy-variable for reproductive age. The number of antral follicles with 2-10 mm diameter, total ovarian volume, total follicular volume, mean follicular volume, and volume of either the smallest or largest ovary were estimated by transvaginal sonography of the ovaries. Serum levels of early follicular FSH, @entity53 and inhibin B, as well as the response of @entity53 and inhibin B to exogenous @entity1176 agonist administration (GAST), were also evaluated. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed that the antral follicle number showed the highest correlation with age (r = -0.68, P = 0.001), and explained 46% of its variance. All other variables, except inhibin B, were moderately correlated with age. Responses of @entity53 and inhibin B to the GnRH agonist were moderately correlated with age, but highly correlated with the number of antral follicles. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the number of antral follicles has the closest association with chronological age in normal @entity1 with proven fertility. As stimulated @entity53 and @entity25086 clearly reflect the size of the antral follicle cohort, the GAST may be considered the second best single test to predict reproductive age.

title: The number of antral follicles in normal XXXX with proven fertility is the best reflection of reproductive age.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: There are no standard criteria for determining a sufficient resection margin in the treatment of @entity421 . The purposes of this study are to evaluate clinical outcomes using T1-weighted @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) for determining the margin of resection and to compare that with the results of different imaging modalities. Seventeen @entity1 diagnosed with @entity421 who underwent en bloc resection with a margin of 2-3 cm based on T1-weighted @entity2996 following chemotherapy were studied. Imaging modalities including conventional radiography, @entity2996 , computed tomography (CT), visual assessment, and histopathological examination were performed and compared. Survival rates were determined. After follow-up of 45.5    13.8 months, no local @entity5 recurrence was observed in any @entity1 . The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 94.1, 82.3, and 76.5%, respectively. The differences in the measurement errors among the five methods were analyzed using pathology as the gold standard. Errors were smallest using T1-weighted and fat-suppressed @entity2996 . There were no significant differences between the measurement results of postoperative histopathological examination and that of T1-weighted imaging or T2 fat-suppressed imaging. The measurement results of radiography and CT were significantly different from that of postoperative pathological findings (P < 0.05). Thus, @entity2996 examination is superior to radiography and CT for determining @entity5 invasion in @entity1 with @entity421 . A resection margin of 2-3 cm determined by @entity2996 provides adequate treatment, while minimizing tissue removal.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging is appropriate for determining the osteotomy plane for XXXX after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['appendicular osteosarcoma']


abstract: A fusion protein composed of a cellulose-binding module (CBM) from Neocallimastix patriciarum cellulase 6A and lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB), was produced by @entity10056 Mut(+) in high-cell density bioreactor cultures. The production was induced by switching from growth on @entity653 to growth on @entity1042 . The lipase activity in the culture supernatant increased at an almost constant rate up to a value corresponding to 1.3 g x l(-1) of CBM-CALB. However, only about 40% of the product was of full-length according to Western blot analysis. This loss was due to a cleavage of the protein in the linker between the CBM and the CALB moieties. The cleavage was catalyzed by @entity563 proteases in the culture supernatant. The CALB-moiety was subjected to further slow degradation by cell-associated proteolysis. Different strategies were used to reduce the proteolysis. Previous efforts to shorten the linker region resulted in a stable protein but with ten times reduced product concentration in bioreactor cultures (Gustavsson et al. 2001, Protein Eng. 14, 711-715). Addition of rich medium for protease substrate competition had no effect on the proteolysis of CBM-CALB. The kinetics for the proteolytic reactions, with and without presence of cells were shown to be influenced by pH. The fastest reaction, cleavage in the linker, was substantially reduced at pH values below 5.0. Decreasing the pH from 5.0 to 4.0 in bioreactor cultures resulted in an increase of the fraction of full-length product from 40 to 90%. Further improvement was achieved by decreasing the temperature from 30 to 22 degrees C during the @entity1042 feed phase. By combining the optimal pH and the low temperature almost all product (1.5 g x l(-1)) was obtained as full-length protein with a considerably higher purity in the culture supernatant compared with the original cultivation.

title: Analysis and control of proteolysis of a fusion protein in XXXX fed-batch processes.

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: @entity1 with an activation mutation of the @entity8950 gene exhibit high bone mass (HBM). Limited information is available regarding compartment-specific changes in bone. The relationship between the phenotype and serum @entity750 is not well documented. To evaluate bone, @entity750 , and bone turnover markers (BTM) in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 , we studied 19 @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 ( @entity63736 ) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. DXA and HR-pQCT were used to assess @entity1555 and bone structure. Serum @entity750 , @entity14539 , @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ), and BTM were evaluated. Z-scores for the forearm, total hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were significantly increased (mean    SD) between 4.94    1.45 and 7.52    1.99 in cases versus -0.19    1.19 to 0.58    0.84 in controls. Tibial and radial cortical areas, thicknesses, and @entity1555 were significantly higher in cases. In cases, @entity1555 at the lumbar spine and forearm and cortical thickness were positively associated and trabecular area negatively associated with age (r = 0.49, 0.57, 0.74, and -0.61, respectively, p <   .05). @entity750 was lowest in cases (69.5 [29.9-110.4] ng/mL versus 119.4 [62.3-231.0] ng/mL, p <   .001) and inversely associated with tibial cortical density (r =   -0.49, p <   .05) and directly with osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and procollagen type 1 @entity1472 -terminal propeptide (PINP) (r = 0.52-0.65, p <   .05) in controls only. OC and S- @entity3525 were lower and @entity14539 higher in cases, whereas B-ALP, PINP, @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ) were similar in cases and controls. In conclusion, increased bone mass in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure. The phenotype appeared to progress with age, but BTM did not suggest increased bone formation.

title: Levels of @entity750 , @entity14539 , bone turnover markers as well as bone density and microarchitecture in @entity1 with high-bone-mass phenotype due to a mutation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity5741 :: ('22943', 'Gene') :: ['dickkopf-related protein 1', 'DKK1']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

answer: @entity8950 :: (4041,Gene) :: ['Lrp5']


abstract: @entity1 with an activation mutation of the @entity8950 gene exhibit high bone mass (HBM). Limited information is available regarding compartment-specific changes in bone. The relationship between the phenotype and serum @entity750 is not well documented. To evaluate bone, @entity750 , and bone turnover markers (BTM) in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 , we studied 19 @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 ( @entity63736 ) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. DXA and HR-pQCT were used to assess @entity1555 and bone structure. Serum @entity750 , @entity14539 , @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ), and BTM were evaluated. Z-scores for the forearm, total hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were significantly increased (mean    SD) between 4.94    1.45 and 7.52    1.99 in cases versus -0.19    1.19 to 0.58    0.84 in controls. Tibial and radial cortical areas, thicknesses, and @entity1555 were significantly higher in cases. In cases, @entity1555 at the lumbar spine and forearm and cortical thickness were positively associated and trabecular area negatively associated with age (r = 0.49, 0.57, 0.74, and -0.61, respectively, p <   .05). @entity750 was lowest in cases (69.5 [29.9-110.4] ng/mL versus 119.4 [62.3-231.0] ng/mL, p <   .001) and inversely associated with tibial cortical density (r =   -0.49, p <   .05) and directly with osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and procollagen type 1 @entity1472 -terminal propeptide (PINP) (r = 0.52-0.65, p <   .05) in controls only. OC and S- @entity3525 were lower and @entity14539 higher in cases, whereas B-ALP, PINP, @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ) were similar in cases and controls. In conclusion, increased bone mass in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure. The phenotype appeared to progress with age, but BTM did not suggest increased bone formation.

title: Levels of XXXX , @entity14539 , bone turnover markers as well as bone density and microarchitecture in @entity1 with high-bone-mass phenotype due to a mutation in @entity8950 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity1 with an activation mutation of the @entity8950 gene exhibit high bone mass (HBM). Limited information is available regarding compartment-specific changes in bone. The relationship between the phenotype and serum @entity750 is not well documented. To evaluate bone, @entity750 , and bone turnover markers (BTM) in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 , we studied 19 @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 ( @entity63736 ) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. DXA and HR-pQCT were used to assess @entity1555 and bone structure. Serum @entity750 , @entity14539 , @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ), and BTM were evaluated. Z-scores for the forearm, total hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were significantly increased (mean    SD) between 4.94    1.45 and 7.52    1.99 in cases versus -0.19    1.19 to 0.58    0.84 in controls. Tibial and radial cortical areas, thicknesses, and @entity1555 were significantly higher in cases. In cases, @entity1555 at the lumbar spine and forearm and cortical thickness were positively associated and trabecular area negatively associated with age (r = 0.49, 0.57, 0.74, and -0.61, respectively, p <   .05). @entity750 was lowest in cases (69.5 [29.9-110.4] ng/mL versus 119.4 [62.3-231.0] ng/mL, p <   .001) and inversely associated with tibial cortical density (r =   -0.49, p <   .05) and directly with osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and procollagen type 1 @entity1472 -terminal propeptide (PINP) (r = 0.52-0.65, p <   .05) in controls only. OC and S- @entity3525 were lower and @entity14539 higher in cases, whereas B-ALP, PINP, @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ) were similar in cases and controls. In conclusion, increased bone mass in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure. The phenotype appeared to progress with age, but BTM did not suggest increased bone formation.

title: Levels of @entity750 , XXXX , bone turnover markers as well as bone density and microarchitecture in @entity1 with high-bone-mass phenotype due to a mutation in @entity8950 .

answer: @entity14539 :: (50964,Gene) :: ['sclerostin']


abstract: @entity1 with an activation mutation of the @entity8950 gene exhibit high bone mass (HBM). Limited information is available regarding compartment-specific changes in bone. The relationship between the phenotype and serum @entity750 is not well documented. To evaluate bone, @entity750 , and bone turnover markers (BTM) in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 , we studied 19 @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 ( @entity63736 ) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls. DXA and HR-pQCT were used to assess @entity1555 and bone structure. Serum @entity750 , @entity14539 , @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ), and BTM were evaluated. Z-scores for the forearm, total hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were significantly increased (mean    SD) between 4.94    1.45 and 7.52    1.99 in cases versus -0.19    1.19 to 0.58    0.84 in controls. Tibial and radial cortical areas, thicknesses, and @entity1555 were significantly higher in cases. In cases, @entity1555 at the lumbar spine and forearm and cortical thickness were positively associated and trabecular area negatively associated with age (r = 0.49, 0.57, 0.74, and -0.61, respectively, p <   .05). @entity750 was lowest in cases (69.5 [29.9-110.4] ng/mL versus 119.4 [62.3-231.0] ng/mL, p <   .001) and inversely associated with tibial cortical density (r =   -0.49, p <   .05) and directly with osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), and procollagen type 1 @entity1472 -terminal propeptide (PINP) (r = 0.52-0.65, p <   .05) in controls only. OC and S- @entity3525 were lower and @entity14539 higher in cases, whereas B-ALP, PINP, @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and @entity5741 ( @entity5741 ) were similar in cases and controls. In conclusion, increased bone mass in @entity8950 -HBM @entity1 seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure. The phenotype appeared to progress with age, but BTM did not suggest increased bone formation.

title: Levels of @entity750 , @entity14539 , bone turnover markers as well as bone density and microarchitecture in XXXX with high-bone-mass phenotype due to a mutation in @entity8950 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to identify whether transcutaneous @entity26 tension (tcPo2) measurements could be used to noninvasively detect lesions in the arterial network supplying blood flow to the hypogastric circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A study was undertaken in vascular @entity1 with suspected (PC, n=43) and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 , n=34) proximal @entity63 . TcPo2 was measured on both buttocks and with a chest reference electrode. Arteriography on the right or left side was positive for stenoses (> or =75%) or occlusion of one or more of the following arteries: the aorta, the common iliac arteries, or the internal iliac arteries. The arteriography was compared with the resting tcPo2 values (REST) and with the @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and maximal change from rest normalized to eventual chest changes (DROP) recorded during or after a treadmill test. REST, @entity1987 , and DROP were, respectively, as follows in positive versus negative arteriograms (mean+/-SD; in mm Hg): 80.2+/-10.9 versus 78.6+/-11.5 (P>0.05), 55.2+/-20.0 versus 69.9+/-15.8 (P<0.001), and -31.8+/-17.6 versus -9.5+/-6.4 (P<0.0001) in PC and 78.9+/-14.0 versus 80.5+/-14.3 (P>0.05), 64.4+/-21.0 versus 75.1+/-14.6 (P<0.02), and -24.1+/-13.5 versus -8.7+/-4.8 (P<0.0001) in @entity2790 . In PC and @entity2790 respectively, with a cutoff point of -16 and -15 mm Hg, DROP showed, respectively, 83%/82% and 79%/86% sensitivity/specificity in the diagnosis of positive arteriograms. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal @entity63 is a frequent finding in vascular @entity1 . TcPo2 measurement on the buttocks during exercise is a sensitive and specific indicator for lesions in the arterial tree toward the hypogastric circulation. Potentially it could objectively assess the response to endovascular or surgical approaches to iliac lesions.

title: Transcutaneous XXXX pressure measurements on the buttocks during exercise to detect proximal @entity63 : comparison with arteriography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal value', 'MIN']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['not with suspected', 'NPC']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We sought to identify whether transcutaneous @entity26 tension (tcPo2) measurements could be used to noninvasively detect lesions in the arterial network supplying blood flow to the hypogastric circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A study was undertaken in vascular @entity1 with suspected (PC, n=43) and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 , n=34) proximal @entity63 . TcPo2 was measured on both buttocks and with a chest reference electrode. Arteriography on the right or left side was positive for stenoses (> or =75%) or occlusion of one or more of the following arteries: the aorta, the common iliac arteries, or the internal iliac arteries. The arteriography was compared with the resting tcPo2 values (REST) and with the @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) and maximal change from rest normalized to eventual chest changes (DROP) recorded during or after a treadmill test. REST, @entity1987 , and DROP were, respectively, as follows in positive versus negative arteriograms (mean+/-SD; in mm Hg): 80.2+/-10.9 versus 78.6+/-11.5 (P>0.05), 55.2+/-20.0 versus 69.9+/-15.8 (P<0.001), and -31.8+/-17.6 versus -9.5+/-6.4 (P<0.0001) in PC and 78.9+/-14.0 versus 80.5+/-14.3 (P>0.05), 64.4+/-21.0 versus 75.1+/-14.6 (P<0.02), and -24.1+/-13.5 versus -8.7+/-4.8 (P<0.0001) in @entity2790 . In PC and @entity2790 respectively, with a cutoff point of -16 and -15 mm Hg, DROP showed, respectively, 83%/82% and 79%/86% sensitivity/specificity in the diagnosis of positive arteriograms. CONCLUSIONS: Proximal @entity63 is a frequent finding in vascular @entity1 . TcPo2 measurement on the buttocks during exercise is a sensitive and specific indicator for lesions in the arterial tree toward the hypogastric circulation. Potentially it could objectively assess the response to endovascular or surgical approaches to iliac lesions.

title: Transcutaneous @entity26 pressure measurements on the buttocks during exercise to detect proximal XXXX : comparison with arteriography.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['arterial ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To delineate the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy of the lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints in a cadaveric model and compare the MR arthrographic and MR bursographic findings with the standard MR imaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T1-weighted spin-echo MR imaging of 48 @entity2720 of 12 cadaveric feet was performed. The specimens were subsequently evaluated with MR arthrography, MR bursography, or both examinations. Musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated standard MR images to determine the normal appearances of the joint structures, especially the fibrous capsule, plantar plate, and @entity41713 ( @entity41713 ). Signal intensity, morphology, joint thickness, relationships with adjacent structures, and best plane for analysis were analyzed. The contrast material-enhanced (ie, arthrographic and bursographic) MR imaging findings were compared with the standard MR imaging findings. RESULTS: The coronal plane was best for simultaneous depiction of the fibrous capsule, plantar plate, and @entity41713 and for assessment of the relationship between the @entity1411 . The sagittal plane was best for analysis of the @entity79 and the transverse plane for evaluation of the @entity41713 attachment sites in the phalanges. MR arthrography enabled identification of the bare areas and recesses of the joints, better delineation of the plantar plate articular surface, and better evaluation of the integrity of the soft-tissue components of the joints. Compared with the other examinations, MR bursography did not help improve these evaluations. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is an excellent examination for delineating the anatomy of the @entity2720 . Compared with standard MR imaging, only MR arthrography helps improve visualization of the fibrous capsule, plantar plate, and @entity2720 .

title: XXXX : standard MR imaging, MR arthrography, and MR bursography--initial results in 48 cadaveric joints.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['lesser MTP joints', 'CLC of the lesser MTP joints']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone attachments of the plantar plate']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['CLC and the plantar plate']

entities_list: @entity41713 :: ('MESH:C536448', 'Disease') :: ['collateral ligament complex', 'CLC']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Lesser metatarsophalangeal joints']