abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity3678 and @entity11379 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity19 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity1 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity137 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity1 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: XXXX of @entity15767 and @entity20302 : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

entities_list: @entity20302 :: ('MESH:D008689', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylates']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['aquatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity3678 :: ('MESH:C036658', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylate']

entities_list: @entity15767 :: ('MESH:D000179', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylates']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['goldfish', 'Carassius auratus']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Aquatic toxicity']


abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity3678 and @entity11379 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity19 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity1 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity137 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity1 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: @entity137 of XXXX and @entity20302 : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

answer: @entity15767 :: (MESH:D000179,Chemical) :: ['acrylates']


abstract: Recent EPA scrutiny of @entity3678 and @entity11379 monomers has resulted in restrictive consent orders and Significant New Use Rules under the Toxic Substances Control Act, based on structure-activity relationships using @entity19 skin painting studies. The concern is centered on @entity1 health issues regarding worker and consumer exposure. Environmental issues, such as @entity137 , are still of concern. Understanding the relationships and environmental risks to aquatic organisms may improve the understanding of the potential risks to @entity1 health. This study evaluates the quantitative structure-activity relationships from measured log Kow's and log LC50's for Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) and @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ). Scientific support of the current regulations is also addressed. Two monomer classes were designated: @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were run. Based on this study, an ecotoxicological difference exists between @entity15767 and @entity20302 . Regulatory activities and scientific study should reflect this difference.

title: @entity137 of @entity15767 and XXXX : quantitative structure-activity relationships based on Kow and LC50.

answer: @entity20302 :: (MESH:D008689,Chemical) :: ['methacrylates']


abstract: Migration of @entity9124 into the gallbladder is rare, unlike @entity2329 of the bile duct, and, when it does occur, treatment is generally by endoscopic or surgical extraction. We describe a case of the successful treatment of @entity1085 with conservative therapy. A 44-year-old Korean @entity1 was admitted because of @entity390 and right upper @entity158 that did not respond to medical control and had worsened 1 day before admission. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a long, linear, moving echogenic structure in the distended lumen of the gallbladder, but no abnormal dilation of the bile duct. Computerized tomography showed a linear soft-tissue density in the dependent portion of the gallbladder. The @entity1 presented with @entity1712 , and @entity409 results, but no fever or @entity382 . Based on these findings, and presuming a diagnosis of @entity1085 , we administered antiparasitic medication ( @entity3753 400 mg/day for 1 day). Seven days later, we obtained one adult female A. lumbricoides from the feces. The symptoms were fully resolved, and no moving structure could be visualized in the gallbladder by ultrasonography. We recommend that initial therapy for @entity1085 should involve conservative treatment, unless an @entity66 is present or a complication arises.

title: Successful elimination of XXXX from the gallbladder by conservative medical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['associated disease']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity9124 :: (6252,Species) :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']


abstract: The efficacy of beta blockers to control hand @entity400 remains equivocal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of @entity6839 , as well as a postural orthotic, in reducing movement deviation during a laboratory exercise. Eleven volunteers completed three randomized trials involving administration of @entity6839 , a placebo, or a postural orthotic. Drug administration was blinded. Each trial consisted of a simulated 2-hr clinical procedure, punctuated by video recordings of the subject's hand motion during a standardized pattern of instrument movement. ECRL EMG activity and digital @entity26 perfusion were also measured. Recordings were converted into estimates of linear variance at baseline and 1 and 2 hr. A repeated-measures ANOVA, or the Friedman test, were used to assess significant differences. Movement deviation, EMG activity, and @entity26 perfusion were unaffected by the duration of exercise or treatment (P > or = 0.454). We conclude that none of the treatments accorded a significant benefit in allaying hand @entity400 .

title: Effect of @entity6839 vs. a postural orthotic on hand XXXX during microsurgery.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: The efficacy of beta blockers to control hand @entity400 remains equivocal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of @entity6839 , as well as a postural orthotic, in reducing movement deviation during a laboratory exercise. Eleven volunteers completed three randomized trials involving administration of @entity6839 , a placebo, or a postural orthotic. Drug administration was blinded. Each trial consisted of a simulated 2-hr clinical procedure, punctuated by video recordings of the subject's hand motion during a standardized pattern of instrument movement. ECRL EMG activity and digital @entity26 perfusion were also measured. Recordings were converted into estimates of linear variance at baseline and 1 and 2 hr. A repeated-measures ANOVA, or the Friedman test, were used to assess significant differences. Movement deviation, EMG activity, and @entity26 perfusion were unaffected by the duration of exercise or treatment (P > or = 0.454). We conclude that none of the treatments accorded a significant benefit in allaying hand @entity400 .

title: Effect of XXXX vs. a postural orthotic on hand @entity400 during microsurgery.

answer: @entity6839 :: (MESH:D013999,Chemical) :: ['Timolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if synovial fluid (SF) cells from inflamed joints of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) express melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) RNA and protein. METHODS: The pattern of @entity6472 expression was analyzed in inflammatory synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity1 with @entity309 by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity6472 , previously detected only in @entity5 cells, is strongly expressed in SF cells from @entity1 with @entity309 . Immunocytochemistry revealed strong staining of SF cells in all of 22 specimens tested. PBMC from @entity1 (7 of 7) also expressed @entity6472 , but not as strongly as SF cells. Two-color immunofluorescence showed colocalization with @entity404 and @entity5750 . Flow cytometry on 3 samples of SF cells confirmed the presence of @entity6472 on the cell surface and intracellularly. Five of 5 SF cell samples were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: Mononuclear cells from inflamed joints and blood from @entity1 with @entity309 express @entity6472 . MAGE family proteins were previously thought to be expressed only by certain @entity5 and presented by HLA Class I, resulting in @entity5 cell lysis by cytotoxic T cells. The observation of @entity6472 expression in @entity309 suggests an association with @entity792 and a possible causal role for MAGE antigen in the chronic inflammation of @entity309 .

title: Expression of melanoma antigen gene by cells from inflamed joints in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The first objective was to assess the association of renal function with maternal and fetal pregnancy outcome in @entity1 with @entity2316 . The second objective was to examine the feasibility of a multicenter surveillance program to determine the rates of maternal and fetal pregnancy complications in @entity1 with @entity2316 , and to study the effect of pregnancy on the natural history of @entity2316 . METHODS: In order to address the first objective, we analyzed data from @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and @entity8 enrolled in the @entity6 in Pregnancy Program at our institution. @entity1 were assigned to one of three groups according to enrolment serum @entity1011 concentration: < or = 1.0 mg/dl, > 1.0 to 1.5 mg/dl and > 1.5 mg/dl. A pilot surveillance program at six centers included @entity1 experiencing pregnancy complicated by @entity2316 . In both studies, medical and obstetric history, and maternal and neonatal outcomes, were recorded. Statistical analysis included chi2, logistic regression and analysis of variance. RESULTS: There were 72 pregnancies in 58 @entity1 with @entity2316 who enrolled in the pregnancy program. High serum @entity1011 concentration at enrolment was associated with delivery before 32 weeks' gestation, very low birth weight and increased incidence of @entity4053 , independent of quantity of total urinary protein excretion and glycemic control in any trimester. To date, pilot surveillance data have been obtained from six centers on 16 women. Serum @entity1011 concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 1.1 mg/dl and @entity1011 clearance from 32 to 317 m/min. Gestational age at delivery ranged from 22 to 39 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: High serum @entity1011 concentration at enrolment is a risk factor for adverse maternal and neonatal outcome, independent of quantity of total urinary protein excretion and glycemic control during any trimester. A multicenter surveillance program is needed, in order to study less frequent maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as the long-term effects of pregnancy on the natural course of @entity2316 .

title: Pregnancy outcome and progression of XXXX . What's next?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity2399 therapy on maternal and fetal osmolality in @entity1468 . METHODS: A total of 34 pre-eclamptic @entity1 and 22 normal pregnant @entity1 participated in the study. Venous blood was drawn upon admission to the labor and delivery unit. Pre-eclamptic @entity1 received standard @entity2399 therapy and had a second sample of venous blood drawn 4 h following the beginning of therapy. Fetal umbilical vein blood was obtained immediately following delivery in both groups. Osmolality was measured using a vapor pressure osmometer. Electrolyte levels were measured with a NOVA 8 biomedical analyzer. Data were analyzed via Student's t test, linear regression and correlation with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found no significant difference between the maternal osmolalities of the control and pre-eclamptic groups. Interestingly, fetal cord blood osmolality was significantly lower than maternal osmolality in the normal pregnant @entity1 . Sodium levels were also lower, while @entity972 and ionized @entity460 levels were higher in the fetal blood. In @entity1 with @entity1468 treated with @entity2399 , there was no difference between the osmolality of the maternal and fetal blood, while @entity972 and ionized @entity460 levels were still higher in the fetal blood. Finally, we found no correlation between maternal osmolality and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: High blood pressure in @entity1468 is not associated with altered osmolality. An absence of the normal decrease in fetal osmolality is observed in pre-eclamptic @entity1 treated with @entity2399 .

title: Maternal-fetal effects of @entity2399 on serum osmolality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity2399 therapy on maternal and fetal osmolality in @entity1468 . METHODS: A total of 34 pre-eclamptic @entity1 and 22 normal pregnant @entity1 participated in the study. Venous blood was drawn upon admission to the labor and delivery unit. Pre-eclamptic @entity1 received standard @entity2399 therapy and had a second sample of venous blood drawn 4 h following the beginning of therapy. Fetal umbilical vein blood was obtained immediately following delivery in both groups. Osmolality was measured using a vapor pressure osmometer. Electrolyte levels were measured with a NOVA 8 biomedical analyzer. Data were analyzed via Student's t test, linear regression and correlation with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: We found no significant difference between the maternal osmolalities of the control and pre-eclamptic groups. Interestingly, fetal cord blood osmolality was significantly lower than maternal osmolality in the normal pregnant @entity1 . Sodium levels were also lower, while @entity972 and ionized @entity460 levels were higher in the fetal blood. In @entity1 with @entity1468 treated with @entity2399 , there was no difference between the osmolality of the maternal and fetal blood, while @entity972 and ionized @entity460 levels were still higher in the fetal blood. Finally, we found no correlation between maternal osmolality and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: High blood pressure in @entity1468 is not associated with altered osmolality. An absence of the normal decrease in fetal osmolality is observed in pre-eclamptic @entity1 treated with @entity2399 .

title: Maternal-fetal effects of XXXX on serum osmolality in @entity1468 .

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is already known that for @entity0 @entity1 , an axillary dissection or locoregional radiation has no major effect on survival with a simple mastectomy. We analyzed whether axillary dissection improved the prognosis for breast conservation surgery. METHODS: From 1982 to 1995, 31 @entity1 underwent axillary dissection and 33 did not in association with breast conservation surgery performed at our institution. Median follow up was at 55 months, ranging from 3 to 210. Survival rates of @entity1 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: In the dissection group, 8 @entity1 had recurrence and 5 died within 3 years, yielding a relapse-free survival rate of 71%. In the non-dissection group, 7 @entity1 had recurrence, 3 died within 3 years, with a relapse-free survival rate of 79%. Figures for overall survival, relapse-free except breast and relapse-free for breast at 5 years were 93%, 73%, and 96% for the dissection group, and 93%, 89%, and 89% for the non-dissection group, respectively. No difference was found in survival rates between the two groups. Adjusted by @entity797 's regression analysis, survival rates of overall, relapse-free, relapse-free except breast and relapse-free for breast, at 5 years were 86%, 71%, 77%, and 90% for the dissection group, and 100%, 78%, 85%, and 95% for the non-dissection group, respectively. No survival benefit was found in axillary dissection. The first site of recurrence was in the affected breast in 3 @entity1 and in other sites in 5 @entity1 for the dissection group, while for the non-dissection group it was in the affected axilla in 1 @entity1 , the skin of the affected breast in 1 @entity1 , the affected breast in 3 @entity1 , and other sites in 2 @entity1 . In the non-dissection group, a @entity1 who had recurrence on the skin of the affected breast, subsequently had an axillary recurrence on the same side with plexus paresis. CONCLUSION: In breast conservation, prophylactic axillary dissection seems to be omitted, but the axilla of the affected side should be examined for @entity3 while treatment is possible.

title: Retrospective study of conservation surgery for XXXX with or without axillary dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity11807 is a @entity74 characterized by @entity2131 . Significant evidence supports enhanced apoptosis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of @entity2131 in @entity11807 . However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the apoptotic phenotype are incompletely understood. Here, we tested whether alterations in the activation of a redox-dependent pathway may participate in the pro-apoptotic phenotype of primary @entity7366 -/- cells in response to oxidative stress. Our data indicate that @entity7366 -/- cells are highly sensitive to oxidant stimuli and undergo enhanced oxidant-mediated apoptosis compared with wild type controls. In addition, antioxidants preferentially enhanced the survival of @entity7366 -/- cells. Because oxidative stress activates the redox-dependent @entity25087 pathway, we assessed whether @entity7366 -/- cells exhibited increased oxidant-induced @entity25087 activation. Our results revealed @entity25087 hyperactivation in @entity274 -treated @entity7366 -/- cells. Furthermore, using small interfering RNAs to decrease @entity25087 expression and a dominant negative @entity25087 mutant to inhibit @entity25087 kinase activity, we determined that @entity274 -induced apoptosis was @entity25087 -dependent. Collectively, these data argue that the predisposition of @entity7366 -/- hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to apoptosis is mediated in part through altered redox regulation and @entity25087 hyperactivation.

title: Oxidant XXXX type C-deficient cells is dependent on a redox-regulated apoptotic pathway.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity of Fanconi anemia']


abstract: Lipoproteins and molecules for pattern recognition are centrally important in the innate immune response of both vertebrates and invertebrates. @entity1 apolipoproteins such as @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) are involved in @entity558 , phagocytosis, and possibly pattern recognition. The multifunctional insect protein, apolipophorin III (apoLp-III), is homologous to @entity2204 . In this study we describe novel roles for apoLp-III in pattern recognition and multicellular encapsulation reactions in the innate immune response, which may be of direct relevance to @entity1 systems. It is known that apoLp-III stimulates antimicrobial peptide production in insect blood, enhances phagocytosis by insect blood cells (hemocytes), and binds and detoxifies @entity558 and lipoteichoic acid. In the present study we show that apoLp-III from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, also binds to fungal conidia and @entity32438 -glucan and therefore may act as a pattern recognition molecule for multiple microbial and parasitic invaders. This protein also stimulates increases in cellular encapsulation of nonself particles by the blood cells and exerts shorter term, time-dependent, modulatory effects on cell attachment and spreading. All these responses are dose dependent, occur within physiological levels, and, with the notable exception of beta-glucan binding, are only observed with the lipid-associated form of apoLp-III. Preliminary studies also established a beneficial role for apoLp-III in the in vivo response to an entomopathogenic fungus. These data suggest a wide range of immune functions for a multiple specificity pattern recognition molecule and may provide a useful model for identifying further potential roles for homologous proteins in @entity1 immunology, particularly in terms of @entity364 , @entity3673 , and granulomatous reactions.

title: A novel role for an insect apolipoprotein (apolipophorin III) in XXXX -glucan pattern recognition and cellular encapsulation reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'LPS detoxification']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity32438 :: (10678;1934,Gene) :: ['beta-1,3']


abstract: After inactivation of RNase inhibitor by @entity8866 , total alkaline RNase activity was found to be two fold higher in white matter as in grey matter extracts from @entity1 brain tissue. This activity was lower in @entity1 purified myelin. Two @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) RNase isoenzymes of group 3 (a minor one, @entity11153 .1, and a major one, @entity11153 .2) were found to be present in @entity1 grey and white matter extracts and in purified myelin, but absent in human serum, peripheral nerve, liver, and spleen extracts. A RNase isoenzyme similar to central nervous system (CNS) @entity11153 .2 was present in @entity1 kidney extracts but it differed in its @entity1735 structure. RNase isoenzymes 3.1 and 3.2 were not found in @entity19 , @entity35 , and @entity291 brains. Thus, @entity70986 .2 seem specific to @entity1 CNS. RNases of group 3 are the predominant RNase isoenzymes in CSF and one of the two predominant RNase groups in brain tissue. However, the proportion of RNases of group 3 is different in CSF and in brain extracts: RNases 3.1-3.2 are the major constituents of group 3 RNases in brain tissue, while another RNase isoenzyme of group 3, @entity11153 .0, which is more glycosylated than RNases 3.1-3.2, is only a minor part of RNase of group 3 in brain extracts. Conversely, RNases 3.1-3.2 are lower or equivalent to @entity11153 .0 in control CSF since the ratio of RNases 3.1-3.2 to @entity11153 .0 did not exceed 1.0. This ratio decreased in pathological CSF including @entity15 or @entity6220 that were free of transudation phenomena. In conclusion, CSF RNases 3.1-3.2 seem to originate in brain tissue and could be markers of RNA catabolism from brain cells.

title: Specific RNase isoenzymes in the XXXX central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['infectious CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8866 :: ('MESH:D020245', 'Chemical') :: ['parachloromercuribenzoate']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2720 is the major cause of morbidity in @entity2012 . To feature the spinal involvement, 54 @entity1 with active @entity2012 (27 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ; age range, 21-69 yr) and 54 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this observational analytical prospective case-control study. A questionnaire to describe onset, duration, and severity of articular symptoms; rheumatological examination, including vertebral and chest mobility, Schober test, thorax expansion, and axial radiological study; and @entity442 , GH, insulin, and @entity413 level measurement (baseline and after an oral @entity413 tolerance test) was used to investigate the prevalence of @entity2720 and correlate these findings with hormonal parameters. Axial @entity2720 was found in 28 @entity1 (52%) and 12 controls (22%; chi(2) = 8.9; P = 0.003). In detail, spinal mobility was reduced in 30 @entity1 (56%) and 10 controls (18%; chi(2) = 14.3; P < 0.0001), thoracic cage was involved in six @entity1 (11%), alterations of spinal profile were observed in 37 @entity1 (68%) and 15 controls (28%; chi(2) = 16.3; P < 0.0001), and increased L2 vertebra diameters were observed in 34 @entity1 (63%) and none of the controls (chi(2) = 46.7; P < 0.0001). Narrowing and widening of L2-L3 disk space were found in 20 (37%) and seven (13%) @entity1 , respectively. Features of @entity5039 ( @entity5039 ) were found in 11 @entity1 (20%) and none of the controls (chi(2) = 10.1; P < 0.001). Disease duration was correlated with vertebral body height (P = 0.001) or intervertebral space height (P = 0.02), and lumbar mobility with thorax expansion (P = 0.004); @entity5039 severity was correlated with basal (P = 0.04) and peak (P = 0.01) @entity413 levels after @entity413 load. In conclusion, chronic GH and @entity442 excess typically affects the axial skeleton with development of severe alterations of spine morphology and function until features of @entity5039 occur. An early diagnosis of @entity2012 is mandatory to reduce the severity of spine abnormalities as they were significantly higher in @entity1 with longer disease duration.

title: XXXX : a clinical case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5039 :: ('MESH:D004057', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis', 'DISH']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['Acromegalic axial arthropathy']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity4710 associated with the @entity3153 were treated with @entity11808 for 26 months (mean). @entity11808 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity1 had @entity1163 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity11808 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity1 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity1 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity11808 ( @entity1165 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity1 (88%) with @entity955 continue receiving @entity11808 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity1 has had @entity1163 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity1 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity955 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity11808 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity1 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity16992 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity1 in whom @entity16992 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity11808 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity11808 for treatment of @entity4710 associated with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity11808 :: ('MESH:D016700', 'Chemical') :: ['Encainide', 'encainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity16992 :: ('MESH:D054139', 'Disease') :: ['AVRT', 'atrioventricular-reciprocating tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity4710 associated with the @entity3153 were treated with @entity11808 for 26 months (mean). @entity11808 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity1 had @entity1163 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity11808 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity1 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity1 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity11808 ( @entity1165 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity1 (88%) with @entity955 continue receiving @entity11808 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity1 has had @entity1163 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity1 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity955 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity11808 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity1 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity16992 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity1 in whom @entity16992 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity11808 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX for treatment of @entity4710 associated with the @entity3153 .

answer: @entity11808 :: (MESH:D016700,Chemical) :: ['Encainide']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity4710 associated with the @entity3153 were treated with @entity11808 for 26 months (mean). @entity11808 at a mean dosage of 187 mg/day abolished or markedly decreased episodes of palpitations in 24 of 33 (73%), and no @entity1 had @entity1163 or required cardioversion while receiving the drug. @entity11808 was well tolerated and was discontinued in only 2 @entity1 because of side effects (6%). Only 1 @entity1 (3%) had a proarrhythmic effect while taking @entity11808 ( @entity1165 ). Fourteen of 16 @entity1 (88%) with @entity955 continue receiving @entity11808 . Episodes of palpitations have been abolished or markedly decreased and no @entity1 has had @entity1163 or required cardioversion. All 14 of these @entity1 had either anterograde block in the accessory pathway during @entity955 or greater than or equal to 75 ms increase in the shortest R to R interval formed by 2 preexcited QRS complexes. @entity11808 prolonged refractory periods of the atrial (p = 0.064) and ventricular (p = 0.061) muscle. It prolonged the cycle length at which 1:1 conduction of the accessory pathway in both the anterograde and retrograde directions occurred (both, p less than 0.001). Induction of @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) was prevented in 36% of @entity1 at repeat electrophysiologic study. The @entity16992 cycle length increased 112 ms (mean, p less than 0.001) in those @entity1 in whom @entity16992 was still inducible. The loss of delta waves recorded with the 12-lead scalar electrocardiogram during @entity11808 therapy was a significant predictor of anterograde accessory pathway block (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity11808 for treatment of XXXX associated with the @entity3153 .

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachycardias']


abstract: Fibrinogenolysis induced by thrombolytics exposes the risk of @entity548 . The efficacy is proved for pulmonary emboli of recent origin. The aim of this study is to research into the effect of local administration of low dose urokinase in six @entity1 aged 40 (+/- 16 years) and presenting with old emboli (10 +/- 4 days). The initial clinic picture was serious with shock (2 cases), hypoxaemia (6 cases), @entity120 (mean 40 +/- 8 mmHg) and a Miller index of 58 (+/- 8%). Mechanical ventilation was necessary four times. Urokinase was administered in situ using a Swan Ganz catheter, with 1,000 units per Kg per hour for six hours followed in sequence with 30 microkatals per hour of plasminogen for two hours. This eight hourly rotating sequence was followed for at least 72 hours. Six @entity1 were cured with an end of treatment (5 +/- 2 days) improvement in their hypoxaemia of 22%, a fall of 47% of the pulmonary arterial pressure and a rise of 71% in the Miller index. The fibrinogenesis fell by 11% and the thrombolytics could not blamed for any side-effect. The sequence urokinase-plasminogen in low dose administered locally may represent an alternative treatment for severe and @entity1151 in @entity1 with a risk of @entity548 .

title: [Value of thrombolysis in situ without general fibrinogenolysis in XXXX of more than 5 days duration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic complications', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['long standing pulmonary emboli']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolisms']


abstract: The immunopharmacological properties of @entity2039 were studied in @entity19 infected with @entity380 . @entity99 measurement was the main parameter of assessment. Delayed foot pad swelling as an in vivo correlate for the delayed granulomatous @entity56 was also determined. Fluorescent direct antigen-antibody reaction in the @entity738 together with the immediate foot pad swelling were used to test for the humoral immune response. @entity2039 administered at seven weeks after infection in two dose regimens (3 X 250 mg kg-1 for three consecutive days and 3 X 83 mg kg-1 given four hourly within the same day was more or less equally effective in reducing the size of hepatic @entity738 by 37-41% two weeks after treatment and by 81-85% one month after treatment. Delayed foot pad swelling using soluble egg antigen (SEA) was significantly suppressed one month after treatment by 53%. At nine weeks after infection the fluorescent antigen-antibody reaction in the @entity738 was positive in the untreated controls, but at the same time (i.e. two weeks after treatment) it was negative in the @entity2039 -treated @entity19 . One month after treatment positivity was less compared to infected control @entity19 . Reduction in worm burden, hepatic shift of the worms and the reduced number of ova per gram of tissue denoted the efficacy of the drug in its two dose regimens against the Egyptian strain of @entity383 .

title: Study of some immunopharmacological properties of XXXX in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel', 'Praziquantel']

answer: @entity2039 :: (MESH:D011223,Chemical) :: ['praziquantel']


abstract: The consequences of pregnancy, abortion or tubal ligature were studied in 11 @entity1 with the @entity6924 . Seventeen cases of pregnancy and 7 tubal ligatures were reviewed. In the 4 pregnancies continued of term and preceded by cardiac catheterisation, there were two maternal @entity204 on the 2nd and 7th day of the postpartum period due to @entity1151 confirmed in one case and suspected in the other. A third pregnancy was complicated by @entity999 and one case of tubal ligature was complicated by non-fatal @entity1151 . These cases were compared with previous reports in the literature to form a total of 42 cases of pregnancy in @entity1 with the @entity6924 . The pregnancies were characterised by aggravation of dyspnoea and @entity848 in 72.4 p. cent of cases, by documented @entity1151 in 7 cases and by toxaemia of pregnancy in 26 p. cent of cases. The global mortality was 36 p. cent and all @entity204 but one occurred between the time of labour and the 11th postpartum day. Micro @entity358 were the commonest cause of @entity204 . Two mechanisms seem to combine to aggravate the cardiac status at the end of pregnancy and during the initial postpartum period: increased right-to-left shunt due to a rise in pulmonary resistances, due particularly to changes in coagulability favored by pregnancy; increased right-to-left shunt due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistances. A number of poor prognostic factors were identified: decreased @entity26 saturation in arterial blood and toxaemia of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboses']

entities_list: @entity6924 :: ('MESH:D004541', 'Disease') :: ['Eisenmenger syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity6924 :: (MESH:D004541,Disease) :: ['Eisenmenger's syndrome']


abstract: @entity5 promoter TPA (1-100 nM) has previously been shown to induce a striking alteration of protein kinase C catalytic properties in target cells (C. Cochet et al., 1986, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 134, 1031-1037). This alteration contributes to the apparent loss of cellular protein kinase C, secondary to TPA treatment, when the enzyme is probed by its phospholipid-dependent histone kinase activity. This effect was observed as well when @entity35 -1 cells were treated by other @entity5 promoters such as @entity18878 , @entity16343 , @entity49371 and @entity48165 , whereas inactive @entity4621 structures were ineffective. On the other hand, @entity13231 did not induce that effect. This protein kinase C alteration was shown to occur at the cellular membrane level. It is suggested that membrane translocation and activation of protein kinase C induced by potent @entity5 promoter structures are not functionally equivalent to that secondary to physiological stimuli. Although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remains to be understood at the molecular level, it may be of significance in the process of @entity5 promotion.

title: XXXX -induced alteration of protein kinase C catalytic properties occurs at the membrane level and is not reproduced by physiological stimuli.

entities_list: @entity16343 :: ('MESH:C022176', 'Chemical') :: ['teleocidin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Potent tumor']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity48165 :: ('MESH:C010272', 'Chemical') :: ['palytoxin']

entities_list: @entity13231 :: ('MESH:C044295', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dioctanoyl glycerol']

entities_list: @entity49371 :: ('MESH:C006610', 'Chemical') :: ['aplysiatoxin']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['Phorbol ester']


abstract: @entity792 are traditionally viewed as an outcome of a chaotic situation in which an individual's immune system reacts against the body's own proteins. In @entity15 , a @entity149 (CNS), the immune attack is directed against myelin proteins. In this article, the authors propose a paradigm shift in the perception of @entity792 . They suggest that an @entity792 may be viewed as a by-product of the malfunctioning of a physiological autoimmune response whose purpose is protective. The proposed view is based on observations by their group suggesting that an autoimmune response is the body's own mechanism for coping with CNS damage. According to this view, all individuals are endowed with the potential ability to evoke an autoimmune response to CNS @entity130 . However, the inherent ability to control this response so that its beneficial effect will be expressed is limited and is correlated with the individual's inherent ability to resist @entity792 induction. The same @entity792 cells are responsible for neuroprotection and for disease development. In @entity1 with CNS @entity130 or @entity179 , it might be possible to gain maximal autoimmune protection and avoid @entity792 induction by boosting the immune response, using myelin-associated peptides that are nonpathogenic or antigens that simulate the activities of such peptides. In @entity1 with @entity15 and other @entity179 , where the aim is to block the @entity792 while deriving the potential benefit of the autoimmune response, the effect of treatment should be immunomodulatory rather than immunosuppressive. In this article, the authors present a novel concept of protective autoimmunity and propose that @entity792 is a by-product of failure to sustain it. They summarize the basic findings that led them to formulate the new concept and offer an explanation for the commonly observed presence of cells and antibodies directed against self-components in healthy individuals. The therapeutic implications of the new concept and their experimental findings are discussed.

title: XXXX as a by-product of the failure to sustain protective autoimmunity: a paradigm shift.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the white matter of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune T', 'autoimmune disorder', 'Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6313 is sufficiently prevalent to be seen and treated by primary care physicians. The diagnosis of @entity6313 is most often confirmed from nail specimens by microscopy and fungal culture done at a central laboratory; these are relatively expensive tests with a turnaround time of a month or more. This study was conducted (1) to evaluate the use of in-office dermatophyte test medium (DTM) culture, and (2) to determine the epidemiology of @entity6313 in a large, nationwide sample of @entity1 who were not @entity1 in a clinical trial. METHODS: A nationwide sample of primary care physicians and podiatrists enrolled 670 @entity1 with clinical signs of @entity6313 . Dermatophyte test medium cultures were performed in the office and the results were compared with fungal cultures performed by a central laboratory. RESULTS: Central laboratory fungal cultures were positive in 44% (n = 297) of @entity1 and DTM cultures in 51% (n = 345). Dermatophytes accounted for 93% of the confirmed infections and nondermatophyte molds the rest. In the 617 @entity1 with paired dermatophyte test medium and laboratory fungal culture results, the 2 tests were in agreement (both positive or both negative) in 68% of cases (kappa, 0.37; asymptotic SE, 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.299-0.441). CONCLUSIONS: A DTM culture is a relatively rapid, easy, and inexpensive method to confirm @entity281 in @entity1 with signs of @entity6313 in the primary care setting. Because the available drugs for treating @entity6313 are effective against all dermatophyte species, the confirmation of dermatophyte infection, without further identification of genus and species, is sufficient evidence to begin treatment.

title: Office practice-based confirmation of XXXX : a US nationwide prospective survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophyte infections']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['toenail onychomycosis', 'Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of disease transmission through liberated plume from virally infected tissue that is exposed to the @entity544 laser. DESIGN: @entity291 papillomavirus-induced cutaneous fibropapillomas were exposed to the @entity544 laser. Laser settings were within the range of clinically used settings. The laser plume (aerosol) was suctioned and collected and then reinoculated onto the skin of @entity291 . SETTING: University laboratory research center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laser plume viral content and postinoculation @entity5 growth were analyzed and documented. RESULTS: Collected laser plume contained papillomavirus DNA in all tested laser settings. The viral DNA was most likely encapsulated. Tumors developed at laser plume-inoculated sites for all laser parameter settings. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that these @entity5 were infected with the same virus type as present in the laser plume. CONCLUSIONS: Laser plume has been shown, for the first time to our knowledge, to actually transmit disease. Strict care must be maintained by the laser practitioner to minimize potential health risks, especially when treating @entity1800 or @entity1 with @entity1800 .

title: XXXX transmitted by laser-generated plume (aerosol).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral-induced lesions', 'viral disease']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Viral disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the optic nerve is a rare complication of @entity281 . OBJECTIVES: To report a case of bilateral @entity2479 complicating a @entity281 and to review 5 previously reported cases. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. @entity1 : A 7-year-old @entity1 had @entity1939 due to bilateral @entity2479 . Approximately 3 weeks prior to the initial examination, she developed a self-limited @entity221 with @entity4 and subsequent @entity5422 . RESULTS: Mumps was determined to be the underlying cause of the @entity5422 and bilateral @entity7995 because of the exposure history in this nonvaccinated @entity1 , the typical clinical signs and symptoms, and the positive serologic test results. Recovery of visual function was gradual but nearly complete. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware that optic nerve involvement may be a manifestation of @entity281 . The delayed onset of @entity7995 , the bilateral involvement, and the near complete recovery suggest an immune-mediated pathogenesis.

title: XXXX associated with mumps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'child', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['parotid swelling']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-onset blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mumps infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['Bilateral neuroretinitis']


abstract: Transfusion affects the immune response to renal transplantation and may be associated with recurrence of various @entity1 @entity5 . Data from @entity1 with @entity263 showed an association between transfusion of any amount of whole blood or larger amounts of red blood cells at the time of surgery and later recurrence of @entity5 . Recipients of one unit of whole blood had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence (45%) than recipients of a single unit of red cells (12%) (p = 0.03). Recipients of two units of whole blood also had a higher rate of recurrence (52%) than those receiving two units of red cells (23%) (p = 0.03). Recipients of any amount of whole blood had similar recurrence rates (38-52%). Recipients of four or more units of red blood cells had a higher rate of recurrence (55%) than those receiving three or fewer units of red blood cells (20%) (p = 0.005). Mortality due to @entity5 in @entity1 receiving three or fewer units of red blood cells (2%) was similar to that in @entity1 who did not have transfusions (7%) and significantly lower than that observed in @entity1 receiving three or fewer units of whole blood (20%) (p = 0.003). A proportional hazards risk analysis showed that transfusion of any whole blood or more than three units of red blood cells was significantly associated with earlier recurrence and @entity204 due to @entity5 . These data support an association between transfusion and recurrence of @entity5 . They also suggest that some factor present in greater amounts in whole blood, such as plasma, may contribute to the increased risk of recurrence in @entity1 who have undergone transfusion. Until the questions raised by retrospective studies of @entity5 recurrence and transfusion can be answered by prospective interventional trials with washed red blood cells, red blood cells should be transfused to @entity1 with @entity5 in preference to whole blood when clinically feasible.

title: Association between transfusion of whole blood and recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['colonic, rectal, cervical, and prostate tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We identified factors predictive of outcome for recurrent @entity259 ( @entity259 ). METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with local (LR), regional (RRec), and/or distant recurrence (DR) of 431 recurrent DTCs were studied. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rate was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate comparisons were conducted by log-rank and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 13 years. Distribution of the first relapse was LR only (35%), LR and RRec (23%), LR and DR (30%), and LR, RRec, and DR (12%). Factors predictive of resectability were a long (>or=5-year) disease-free interval (DFI) and subclinical and thyroid remnant recurrence. Only 26% of symptomatic and 45% of thyroid bed LR, and 43% with DFI <5 years, could be resected completely. No isolated thyroid remnant and 75% of thyroid bed LR resulted in @entity5 -related mortality. Age <45 years, subclinical recurrence, isolated LR, and the ability to render the @entity1 disease free independently predicted @entity66 . Fifteen-year @entity66 for LR only; LR and RRec; LR and DR; and LR, RRec, and DR were 49%, 28%, 15%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated thyroid remnant recurrence defines a benign phenotype. Age, method of detection, site and extent of recurrence, and the ability to render the @entity1 disease free predict outcome for recurrent @entity259 . Multimodality long-term follow-up is warranted to detect recurrence at a subclinical potentially curative stage.

title: Recurrent XXXX : biological implications of age, method of detection, and site and extent of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'differentiated thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-specific survival', 'DSS']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Primary skin fibroblast cell lines from @entity1 with @entity11807 were cotransfected with UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmids and high molecular weight DNA from normal @entity1 cells. Restoration of a normal cellular resistance to @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was observed provided that a @entity11807 cell line is selected for DNA-mediated transformation (neo gene) and that at least two successive rounds of transfection are performed. Cells were selected by taking advantage of the higher proliferation rate and plating efficiency of the @entity1139 resistant transformants. As estimated from reconstruction experiments, the frequency of transfer of @entity1139 resistance lies between 1 and 30 X 10(-7). The @entity1139 resistance phenotype was maintained for at least 10 generations following transfection. Evidence for DNA-mediated transformation also includes the recovery of a normal pattern of DNA semiconservative synthesis after treatment with @entity9627 and 365-nm UV irradiation, and the presence of exogenous pSV2neo DNA sequences was shown by Southern blot analysis. The acquired @entity1139 resistance is probably due to the presence of DNA from normal cells. Indeed, sensitivity to @entity1139 was maintained when @entity11807 cells were cotransfected with the UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmid mixed with their own DNA or with @entity375 or salmon sperm DNA. These negative results also render unlikely the selection of spontaneous @entity1139 resistant revertants in transfection of @entity11807 cells with normal DNA. These experiments establish the prerequisites for the isolation of the gene(s) involved in the response to DNA crosslinking lesions in @entity1 cells.

title: Abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents of XXXX fibroblasts can be corrected by transfection with normal @entity1 DNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-methoxypsoralen']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi anemia']


abstract: Primary skin fibroblast cell lines from @entity1 with @entity11807 were cotransfected with UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmids and high molecular weight DNA from normal @entity1 cells. Restoration of a normal cellular resistance to @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) was observed provided that a @entity11807 cell line is selected for DNA-mediated transformation (neo gene) and that at least two successive rounds of transfection are performed. Cells were selected by taking advantage of the higher proliferation rate and plating efficiency of the @entity1139 resistant transformants. As estimated from reconstruction experiments, the frequency of transfer of @entity1139 resistance lies between 1 and 30 X 10(-7). The @entity1139 resistance phenotype was maintained for at least 10 generations following transfection. Evidence for DNA-mediated transformation also includes the recovery of a normal pattern of DNA semiconservative synthesis after treatment with @entity9627 and 365-nm UV irradiation, and the presence of exogenous pSV2neo DNA sequences was shown by Southern blot analysis. The acquired @entity1139 resistance is probably due to the presence of DNA from normal cells. Indeed, sensitivity to @entity1139 was maintained when @entity11807 cells were cotransfected with the UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmid mixed with their own DNA or with @entity375 or salmon sperm DNA. These negative results also render unlikely the selection of spontaneous @entity1139 resistant revertants in transfection of @entity11807 cells with normal DNA. These experiments establish the prerequisites for the isolation of the gene(s) involved in the response to DNA crosslinking lesions in @entity1 cells.

title: Abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents of @entity11807 fibroblasts can be corrected by transfection with normal XXXX DNA.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity42870 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity632 40 mg/m2 and @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF), two had @entity440 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity137 all @entity1 had @entity1665 , most of the @entity1 had @entity390 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity1431 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity42870 , XXXX , @entity1891 (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity42870 :: ('MESH:D011238', 'Chemical') :: ['prednimustine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity42870 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity632 40 mg/m2 and @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF), two had @entity440 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity137 all @entity1 had @entity1665 , most of the @entity1 had @entity390 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity1431 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity42870 , @entity632 , @entity1891 (VAP) in XXXX . A phase II study.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity42870 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity632 40 mg/m2 and @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF), two had @entity440 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity137 all @entity1 had @entity1665 , most of the @entity1 had @entity390 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity1431 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity42870 , @entity632 , XXXX (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity42870 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity632 40 mg/m2 and @entity1891 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity786 , @entity1499 and @entity1487 (CMF), two had @entity440 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity137 all @entity1 had @entity1665 , most of the @entity1 had @entity390 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity1431 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity632 , @entity1891 (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

answer: @entity42870 :: (MESH:D011238,Chemical) :: ['prednimustine']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity14674 , or @entity3657 have been conventionally diagnosed and treated from only the viewpoint of peripheral arterial circulation. These concepts may have improved the quality of life for @entity1 , but could not contribute the prognosis of life, because @entity3657 is associated with an increased risk of the @entity301 and @entity66 . @entity613 , the most common symptom of @entity3657 , results from flow-reducing lesions in the arteries of the lower extremity that cause exercise-induced @entity63 . In order to evaluate @entity613 , many kinds of noninvasive diagnostic studies, including ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index) and the measurement of claudication distance, et al have been proposed. We have used the recovery time of the ischemic reaction at foot sole, plethysmography, thermography, laser doppler flowmetry, or @entity19220 ( @entity19220 ) after walking test, rather than ABPI. These examinations will be superior to ABPI to evaluate effects after ergotherapy or pharmacotherapy for @entity1 with @entity613 . Carotid @entity432 may be a good marker of systemic @entity731 . By our assessment of risk factors, the progression of @entity731 change in carotid artery was strongly correlated with two risk factors, such as smoking and systolic blood pressure. In the @entity165 analysis, Lp (a) was only high risk factor for @entity731 change of carotid artery. Recent technical advances, adequate evaluation of systemic @entity731 , and reduction of risk factors should improve the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity3657 .

title: [Pathophysiology and diagnosis for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication', 'Intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity19220 :: ('MESH:D015701', 'Disease') :: ['near-infrared spectroscopy', 'NIRS']

entities_list: @entity14674 :: ('MESH:D001162', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity14674 :: (MESH:D001162,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis obliterans']


abstract: Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on a 23-year-old female with hereditary tyrosinaemia. The disorder was diagnosed at 7 years of age due to severe @entity11089 , and the @entity1 was treated with a diet restricted in @entity815 and @entity669 . Nineteen months before the transplantation she had an acute episode of diffuse @entity360 due to portal @entity101 . Three subsequent @entity548 episodes with accompanying @entity843 and signs of @entity75 were considered life-threatening. Nine months after the liver transplantation the @entity1 is well, but serum transaminases are slightly elevated. Without dietary restrictions serum @entity669 and inorganic @entity1391 are normalized, no @entity52729 can be detected in serum, and urinary excretion of @entity52824 and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate is normal. Excretion of @entity1522 , @entity413 and @entity2262 decreased significantly after the transplantation but is still elevated. The @entity52729 concentration in urine is about 20% of the preoperative level. After an oral @entity669 load, @entity52729 excretion increased sevenfold but no deterioration of the renal tubular function was observed and no @entity669 metabolites were detectable in serum. The findings indicate that the defective @entity669 metabolism occurs in the kidneys, but does not produce @entity4434 . The residual @entity4434 of the @entity1 is probably due to irreversible damage of the tubular epithelium.

title: Liver transplantation in a 23-year-old tyrosinaemia XXXX : effects on the renal tubular dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity52824 :: ('MESH:C001418', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxyphenyllactate']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['tubular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity52729 :: ('MESH:C020804', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylacetone']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A method has been developed for discovering of antibody covered bacteria in the urine by means of a coagglutination test with a protein A containing strain--St. aureus Cowan's I. The test is based on the ability of staphylococcal protein A to bind Fc-fragment of IgG. As a specificity control St. aureus Wood 46 was used. 38 @entity1 with @entity293 were examined. As pyelonephritic criteria the following were considered: febrile episodes, @entity158 , @entity2011 , pollakiuria, leukocyturia, @entity644 , raised arterial pressure, @entity417 , @entity177 or @entity177 , x-ray, ultrasound and isotopic-nephrographic changes. In the presence of antibody covered bacteria the test is positive--there is coagglutination only with st. aureus Cowan's I. If the bacteria are not antibody coated no coagglutination takes place. If there is coagglutination with both strains the reaction is considered non-specific. II samples gave non-specific reaction. In 75% of the pyelonephritic @entity1 the test was positive. In 70% of the @entity1 with @entity293 of the lower urinary tract, i.e. with bacteria without immunoglobulins, the test was negative. In 74.1% of the cases there is a correlation between the coagglutination test and the localization of the @entity293 by means of other clinical and paraclinical methods. It is suggested that the coagglutination test should be included in the examination of @entity1 with @entity293 , the positive test indicates renal localization of the @entity281 .

title: [Coagglutination test to localize a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['diminished renal function', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumber pains']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection', 'urinary infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary infection']


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity750 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity1128 ( @entity587 ) on spontaneous or @entity29782 ( @entity2476 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity35 . After four @entity587 injections, @entity750 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 for 1 week. The associated @entity146 , hindlimb @entity3579 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity1957 evoked by @entity2476 . Multiple @entity587 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity2476 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity146 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity2476 . Two weeks after @entity587 , the locomotor response to @entity2476 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity854 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity146 in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 injected with @entity2476 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity750 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity2476 -evoked @entity1957 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective @entity750 depletions in the XXXX @entity35 model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['total behavioral abnormality', 'Syndrome behaviors', 'behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1128 :: ('MESH:D015116', 'Chemical') :: ['5,7-dihydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity29782 :: ('CHEBI:17780', 'Chemical') :: ['L-5-hydroxytryptophan']

answer: @entity587 :: (CHEBI:16330,Chemical) :: ['DHT']


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity750 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity1128 ( @entity587 ) on spontaneous or @entity29782 ( @entity2476 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity35 . After four @entity587 injections, @entity750 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 for 1 week. The associated @entity146 , hindlimb @entity3579 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity1957 evoked by @entity2476 . Multiple @entity587 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity2476 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity146 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity2476 . Two weeks after @entity587 , the locomotor response to @entity2476 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity854 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity146 in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 injected with @entity2476 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity750 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity2476 -evoked @entity1957 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective XXXX depletions in the @entity587 @entity35 model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity750 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity1128 ( @entity587 ) on spontaneous or @entity29782 ( @entity2476 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity35 . After four @entity587 injections, @entity750 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 for 1 week. The associated @entity146 , hindlimb @entity3579 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity1957 evoked by @entity2476 . Multiple @entity587 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity2476 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity146 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity2476 . Two weeks after @entity587 , the locomotor response to @entity2476 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity854 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity146 in @entity587 -lesioned @entity35 injected with @entity2476 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity750 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity2476 -evoked @entity1957 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective @entity750 depletions in the @entity587 XXXX model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity995 gene (Rb) is the prototype of @entity5 suppressors. Germline mutation in the @entity995 gene is susceptible to @entity5 and reintroduction of wild-type Rb is able to suppress neoplastic phenotypes. The fundamental cellular functions of Rb in the control of cell growth and differentiation are important for its @entity5 suppression. In general, @entity5 susceptibility caused by inactivation of a @entity5 suppressor gene results from genome instability. Accordingly, Rb may function in the maintenance of chromosome stability by influencing mitotic progression, faithful chromosome segregation, and structural remodeling of mitotic chromosomes. Rb is also implicated in the regulation of replication machinery and in the control of cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage, further supporting such a role for Rb. Moreover, the mechanistic basis for Rb-mediated transcriptional repression has revealed its connection to global chromatin remodeling. It is likely that Rb suppresses @entity5 formation by virtue of its multiple biological activities, and a theme throughout its multiple cellular functions is its central role in controlling activities that involve chromatin remodeling. A model in which Rb controls global genome fluidity is thus proposed. Finally, a recent study provides direct evidence indicating that loss of Rb function leads to genome instability. Therefore, @entity5 suppressors have a common role in the maintenance of genome stability, and such a role may be pivotal for their functions in @entity5 suppression.

title: XXXX suppressor and genome stability.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma tumor']


abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy has shown promise for the in vivo, real-time detection of cervical @entity5 . However, selection of excitation wavelength has in the past been based on in vitro studies and the availability of light sources. The goal of this study was to determine optimal excitation wavelengths for in vivo detection of cervical @entity5 . Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were measured in vivo from 351 sites in 146 @entity1 . Data were analyzed in pairs of diagnostic classes to determine which combination of excitation wavelengths yields classification algorithms with the greatest sensitivity and specificity. We find that 330-340-, 350-380-, and 400-450-nm excitation yield the best performance. The sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of squamous normal tissue and high-grade squamous @entity75 (HGSIL) were 71% and 77% on cross validation using three excitation wavelengths. These results are comparable with those found in earlier in vivo studies; however, in this study we find that the proportion of samples which are HGSIL influences performance. Furthermore stratification of samples within low-grade squamous @entity75 and HGSIL also appears to influence diagnostic performance. Future diagnostic studies should be carried out at these excitation wavelengths in larger groups so that data can be stratified by diagnostic subcategory, age and menopausal status. Similarly, large studies should be done in screening populations.

title: Optimal excitation wavelengths for discrimination of cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14799 ( @entity14799 ) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of @entity14799 is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. METHOD: The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 @entity1 born to consanguineous parents were affected with @entity14799 . They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 @entity1 and the cerebral pathologic findings in one @entity1 . Three of the @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1885 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated @entity1 had a similar clinical picture including @entity1167 beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, @entity8684 , and @entity1282 . @entity346 appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe @entity21 . Postmortem study in one @entity1 showed severe @entity194 of the lenticular nuclei with @entity5219 and @entity528 . @entity1885 , 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other @entity1 treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14799 was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included @entity1167 , @entity1282 , and @entity8684 . Imaging and pathology showed @entity194 and @entity21 . Oral @entity1885 may have benefited three @entity1 .

title: XXXX : clinical features and response to @entity1885 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1885 :: ('MESH:D001710', 'Chemical') :: ['biotin', 'Biotin']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['developmental arrest']

entities_list: @entity14799 :: ('MESH:C537500', 'Disease') :: ['familial IBSN', 'Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis', 'Familial infantile bilateral striatal necrosis', 'IBSN']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Pendular nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the basal ganglia', 'basal ganglia atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neurons']

answer: @entity14799 :: (MESH:C537500,Disease) :: ['Familial infantile bilateral striatal necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14799 ( @entity14799 ) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of @entity14799 is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. METHOD: The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 @entity1 born to consanguineous parents were affected with @entity14799 . They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 @entity1 and the cerebral pathologic findings in one @entity1 . Three of the @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1885 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated @entity1 had a similar clinical picture including @entity1167 beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, @entity8684 , and @entity1282 . @entity346 appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe @entity21 . Postmortem study in one @entity1 showed severe @entity194 of the lenticular nuclei with @entity5219 and @entity528 . @entity1885 , 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other @entity1 treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14799 was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included @entity1167 , @entity1282 , and @entity8684 . Imaging and pathology showed @entity194 and @entity21 . Oral @entity1885 may have benefited three @entity1 .

title: @entity14799 : clinical features and response to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1885 :: (MESH:D001710,Chemical) :: ['biotin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We investigated the characteristic findings of early @entity356 revealed by magnifying endoscopy, and clarified their relationship with histopathological features. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 74 @entity1 with early @entity356 underwent magnifying endoscopy ( x 80) between March 2000 and December 2001. The endoscopic findings demonstrated 11 @entity189 and 63 depressed-type, and histological examination showed 56 differentiated @entity189 . The histopathological results were compared with findings from magnifying endoscopy regarding minute surface structure and microvessels. RESULTS: We were able to roughly classify the minute surface structure of early @entity356 as shown by magnifying endoscopy into three patterns, as follows: (i). a small regular pattern of sulci and ridges; (ii). an irregular pattern of sulci and ridges; and (iii). a lack of visible structure. Abnormal microvessels observed in @entity5 were classified according to two patterns: irregular minute vessels and variation of vessel caliber. The small regular pattern of sulci and ridges was significantly more frequently observed in differentiated @entity189 (30/56, 53.6 %) than in undifferentiated @entity189 (2/18, 11.1 %). Lack of visible structure and irregular minute vessels were significantly more frequently observed in undifferentiated @entity189 (44.4 % and 77.7 %) than in differentiated @entity189 (5.4 % and 51.8 %). CONCLUSION: The minute surface structure and microvessels observed by magnifying endoscopy were related to histopathological findings. Magnifying endoscopy is valuable for predicting the histological nature in the diagnosis of early @entity356 .

title: Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy in the diagnosis of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['elevated-type carcinomas', 'carcinomas and 18 undifferentiated carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the significance of a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Phase I clinical trial of a new use for an old drug, @entity3543 . To discover whether ultrasound may have utility in @entity3543 sterilization (QS). METHOD: This clinical trial began on 16 September 2000 at the @entity1 's and @entity1 's Hospital of Buffalo (WCHOB) in Buffalo, New York. Ten @entity1 volunteered to have QS. These subjects were carefully followed with regularly scheduled examinations, including extensive laboratory blood tests. In addition, each @entity1 had a trans-abdominal ultrasound examination six weeks or later past the date of the second insertion of @entity3543 . The trial was completed on 30 April 2003. RESULTS: Laboratory results fell within normal limits, thus providing additional evidence to affirm the lack of toxic effects of QS. With ultrasound, we were able to see scars in both oviducts on all of our @entity1 . One @entity1 with a small scar as seen on ultrasound became pregnant. CONCLUSION: QS was found to be safe and effective. Ultrasound holds the promise of reducing the failure rate.

title: An FDA phase I clinical trial of XXXX sterilization (QS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine']

answer: @entity3543 :: (MESH:D011796,Chemical) :: ['quinacrine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of permanent ( @entity118 , @entity2438 ) and transient ( @entity4616 , PFO) interatrial communications under basal conditions, after Valsalva manoeuvres and coughing. Sixty-four @entity1 suspected of having defects of the interatrial septum were studied. The results of echocardiography were compared with those of cardiac catheterisation, the classical method of reference. The sensitivity of contrast echocardiography was significantly improved in the diagnosis of PFO by the cough test (100%) compared with contrast echocardiography during spontaneous respiration (55%). Similarly, the cough test increased the sensitivity of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of @entity2438 (96% compared to 83%). The specificity was good in both cases, about 90%. The cough test was a better method (98%) than Valsalva manoeuvres (59%) for the potentiation of interatrial right-to-left shunts. The results of echocardiography and catheterisation explain the mechanism of the right-to-left shunt during spontaneous respiration, Valsalva manoeuvres and coughing. The passage of the microbubbles from the right to the left atrium occurs during early systole when the atrioventricular valves are closed. The right-to-left shunt is potentiated by provocative manoeuvres. The demonstration of a right-to-left shunt by contrast echocardiography therefore indicates the presence of an interatrial communication; our results show that this non-invasive technique is a reliable method of diagnosing @entity2438 and @entity22105 .

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX by contrast echocardiography with sensitivity increased by coughing].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: The electrophysiological properties of @entity70987 a new Class I antiarrhythmic agent (Delalande Research Centre) were studied after intravenous injection of 3.5 mg/kg in 5 minutes in 16 @entity1 aged 24 to 66 years. Five minutes after the injection there was a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the HV (+/- 12.8 +/- 10.5 msec), @entity3798 (+ 21.8 +/- 14 msec) and PR intervals (+ 43.8 +/- 24.2 msec) and in the duration of QRS (+ 20.6 +/- 9.9 msec). The anterograde and retrograde Wenckebach points were decreased (-42 +/- 43 bpm and - 52 +/- 36 bpm respectively, p less than 0.05). All these effects reverted progressively 20 minutes after injection and disappeared by the 40th minute, which corresponds to the pharmaco-kinetic profile of the @entity1 . There were no changes in blood pressure, sinus node function or refractory periods except for the retrograde refractory periods which were prolonged (+ 87 +/- 41 msec). @entity955 was induced in 2 @entity1 and @entity956 in 2 others by the extrastimulus technique. These @entity943 could not be reproduced in these 4 @entity1 during the 40 minutes after injection of @entity70987 . Five other @entity1 with reciprocating @entity591 induced by atrial extrastimuli had their @entity943 interrupted by the @entity70987 injection. We conclude that @entity70987 acts mainly on atrio-ventricular and intra-ventricular conduction. The results obtained in @entity1 with @entity591 suggest that the product is effective in @entity943 and @entity8942 .

title: [Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8942 :: ('MESH:D013614', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal junctional tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardias', 'nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity70987 :: ('MESH:C038839', 'Chemical') :: ['carocainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity70987 :: (MESH:C038839,Chemical) :: ['carocainide']