abstract: This study of @entity4114 infection in communities associated with irrigated schemes shows that prevalence rates are unusually high in adults, especially in @entity1 ; and distribution disease is probably associated with at least the following three factors: (i) distance of the place of residence from the main transmission sites (ii) the dynamics of transmission in the waterbody and (iii) the @entity1 /water contact and contamination patterns. During this chemotherapy trial, at the first survey, only a little more than half (57.47%) of the @entity1 recorded in the census was present. Five visits of the survey team were necessary to obtain a compliance rate of 80.51% of the entire population. The indifference of the local @entity1 to seek diagnosis and treatment increased with succeeding surveys. It is only, during a subsequent treatment survey, carried out during the season of low agricultural activity and following an official written convocation, that a compliance rate similar to that of the first survey was recorded. If treatment is not given immediately after diagnosis as many as a fifth of positive cases do not appear for treatment. Oltipraz and @entity2039 were administered. Their effectiveness could not be truly compared as there was a time lag of six months separating the administration of the treatments. However, based on the results of this trial both drugs gave good results especially in egg output intensity. But, a decrease of this parameter was also observed in non treated @entity1 . Seasonal variations of egg output or decrease of transmission could be involved.

title: [Chemotherapy trial in the battle against XXXX in an irrigated sahelian zone in Niger].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: 20 @entity1 (age range 0.8-14.7 years) with acute severe @entity565 were alternately randomized to receive one of two different treatment regimes. 10 @entity1 (control-group) received @entity3045 inhalation (75 micrograms/kg in 2 ml Saline every two hours). 10 @entity1 ( @entity73101 -group) received @entity73101 infusion (0.2-2.0 micrograms/kg/min in Saline) and inhaled Saline only. Other therapy regimen were identical in both groups: Theophylline infusion, i.v. @entity617 , adequate fluids intake and @entity26 insufflation. Age, severity and maintenance therapy of @entity565 , and severity of the acute episode, were not significantly different in both groups. Treatment efficacy, assessed with a simple clinical score, the heart and respiratory rates, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the blood gases, was comparable in both groups. Side effects, i.e. @entity591 , blood pressure changes and @entity400 , were also similar and clinically not relevant in both groups. In two @entity1 , who previously needed repeated mechanical ventilation, severe @entity1576 could be successfully controlled only when the @entity73101 dose was raised 10 folds (2.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity73101 infusion can be recommended in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 , who do not respond satisfactorily to current therapy regimen, particularly in @entity1 who previously experienced numerous intubations.

title: [Intravenous infusion of XXXX (a beta-2-mimetic agent) in the therapy of severe @entity565 attacks in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity73101 :: ('MESH:C014792', 'Chemical') :: ['reproterol', 'Reproterol']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone']

answer: @entity73101 :: (MESH:C014792,Chemical) :: ['reproterol']


abstract: 20 @entity1 (age range 0.8-14.7 years) with acute severe @entity565 were alternately randomized to receive one of two different treatment regimes. 10 @entity1 (control-group) received @entity3045 inhalation (75 micrograms/kg in 2 ml Saline every two hours). 10 @entity1 ( @entity73101 -group) received @entity73101 infusion (0.2-2.0 micrograms/kg/min in Saline) and inhaled Saline only. Other therapy regimen were identical in both groups: Theophylline infusion, i.v. @entity617 , adequate fluids intake and @entity26 insufflation. Age, severity and maintenance therapy of @entity565 , and severity of the acute episode, were not significantly different in both groups. Treatment efficacy, assessed with a simple clinical score, the heart and respiratory rates, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the blood gases, was comparable in both groups. Side effects, i.e. @entity591 , blood pressure changes and @entity400 , were also similar and clinically not relevant in both groups. In two @entity1 , who previously needed repeated mechanical ventilation, severe @entity1576 could be successfully controlled only when the @entity73101 dose was raised 10 folds (2.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity73101 infusion can be recommended in @entity1 with acute severe @entity565 , who do not respond satisfactorily to current therapy regimen, particularly in @entity1 who previously experienced numerous intubations.

title: [Intravenous infusion of @entity73101 (a beta-2-mimetic agent) in the therapy of severe XXXX attacks in childhood].

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: A two episodes case of CSF @entity281 due to B. circulans and @entity28557 is presented. B. circulans was first isolated from 4 blood cultures and CSF (shunt valve tap). The @entity1 showed a @entity75 syndrome reversible with antibiotic treatment. Lethal toxin production was demonstrated for the B. circulans strain in a @entity19 model. This strain was found to be a variant of Gordon's description as it produced urease and was tolerant to 7% @entity1219 . The @entity1 recovered after @entity3524 , @entity799 and @entity1215 treatment. A second @entity281 due to @entity28557 was detected two months later. The shunt system was removed due to obstruction and a scanning electron microscopy study was performed. Confluent masses of white blood cells and rods were observed on the inner surface of the catheter. As for as we know, this is the first case of @entity1 @entity281 due to @entity28557 .

title: [Infection of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt system by Bacillus circulans and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'ventriculo-atrial shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity28557 :: (1464,Species) :: ['Bacillus larvae']


abstract: One hundred fifty @entity1 with @entity2131 were treated in three groups with antithymocyte globulin (ATG; Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) in a multicenter trial. @entity1 were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of treatment by three criteria: transfusion independence, clinical improvement, and blood counts. Group I consisted of 77 @entity1 with acute severe @entity2150 , randomized to receive either ten or 28 days of ATG. There was no significant difference between the two arms of this protocol: 47% of all @entity1 were clinically improved and 31% were transfusion independent at 3 months. Of the severely affected @entity1 , 27% died before 3 months; most @entity204 occurred early in treatment. Factors associated with survival in severely affected @entity1 included male sex, age less than 40 years, absolute neutrophil count greater than 200/microL, and idiopathic etiology. Neutrophil counts generally increased by 8 weeks after treatment, but @entity1 continued to show improvement to 1 year posttreatment. In Group II, 44 @entity1 with moderate or chronic severe @entity2150 were randomized to receive either ten days of ATG or 3 months of high-dose @entity11330 . No @entity1 initially treated with @entity3800 recovered, but 28% of ATG-treated cases achieved transfusion independence at 3 months. Group III consisted of @entity1 with a variety of @entity2131 . @entity1 with @entity3043 and cellular bone marrow showed response rates similar to those of @entity1 with chronic or moderate @entity2150 .

title: A multicenter trial of antithymocyte globulin in XXXX and related diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity11330 :: ('MESH:C003297', 'Chemical') :: ['nandrolone decanoate']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure', 'bone marrow failure syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Disturbed microvascular integrity is an initial event in the development of @entity1576 following @entity130 and shock. Increased permeability in the pulmonary microvessels has been demonstrated in both experimental animals and in @entity1 . High dose @entity288 have been used to prevent the development of the permeability lesion and to reduce it once it has occurred. Data from experimental animals are indicative of a positive effect of HDC and in @entity1 with adult respiratory distress syndrome leakage of macromolecules over the capillary alveolar membrane was reduced significantly. Using the lung lymph fistula preparation in @entity742 we have demonstrated that the pulmonary microvascular sieving capacity was reduced (as indicated by a reduced osmotic reflection coefficient) following the operative @entity130 and manipulation of lungs necessary for cannulation of the lymphatics. We studied the effects of HDC ( @entity1667 30 mg/kg) given preoperatively in 7 operated @entity742 and compared to 3 nonoperated controls. Permeability surface area product (PS) and osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma) for total protein were calculated by iterative curve fitting using the non-linear flux equation and data were compared to sigma achieved at maximal lymph flow following increased left atrial pressure. After surgery there were no differences between the two groups in baseline observations. In the experimental group lymph to plasma ratio for total protein (L/P) at maximal lymph flow was 0.46 +/- 0.09 corresponding to a sigma of 0.54. Maximal lymph flow was attained at microvascular pressure ( @entity22844 ) 38 +/- 2 mmHg. Calculated sigma was 0.61 +/- 0.03 and PS 0.09 +/- 0.01. Corresponding values in the control group were 0.69 +/- 0.003 and 0.1 +/- 0.0003 respectively. L/P at maximal lymph flow was 0.39 +/- 0.04 at @entity22844 = 35 +/- 6 mmHg in the control group. In this experiment HDC did not prevent the increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability as demonstrated after operative @entity130 by a decrease in the osmotic reflection coefficient for total protein. Data from @entity1 indicate however, that HDC may have a beneficial effect on the integrity of the alveolar capillary membrane. Further studies are needed to elucidate these problems.

title: The role of high dose XXXX (HDC) in pulmonary capillary-alveolar membrane integrity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: AIM: This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between motor performance and mental health in a representative population of @entity1 with @entity393 . METHOD: Ninety-three pupils (45 males, 48 females) aged 6  years to 16  years (mean 11y 3mo, SD 2y 9mo) with @entity393 of at least 40dB and a Nonverbal IQ greater than 70 were assessed for motor performance with the Z  rich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) and for mental health with the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity393 had lower motor performance scores in all four ZNA subscales compared with ZNA norms (z-scores -1.42 to -2.67). After controlling for Nonverbal IQ, ZNA pure motor performance correlated negatively with the SDQ total difficulties score. Pure motor, pegboard, and dynamic balance subscales correlated negatively with peer-relationship problems. Dynamic balance correlated negatively with emotional problems. Performance in pure motor and dynamic balance skills correlated negatively with age. Except for static balance, no correlation was found between motor performance and the degree of @entity393 . INTERPRETATION: Results confirm that a high percentage of @entity1 with @entity393 have poor motor performance. These problems are associated with difficulties in social relationships. Early recognition of these problems may lead to interventions to assist @entity1 with @entity393 with their peer relationships.

title: Motor performance and correlates of mental health in XXXX who are deaf or hard of hearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Minimal short-term benefits with oral @entity2607 have been reported in @entity195 . We examined long-term oral @entity2607 therapy in 14 @entity1 with probable @entity195 in an extended double-blind crossover trial in which they received @entity2607 for five intervals of 4 to 6 weeks in length and placebo for one interval determined at random. At each interval a Selective Reminding Test was administered and three indexes were examined: total recall, long-term recall, and intrusions. As a group, @entity1 ' memory test scores were significantly better during the drug period. Two @entity1 who previously had performed worse on drug than on placebo in a short-term trial continued to do so. Nine of the remaining 12 @entity1 performed better on two or more measures on @entity2607 compared with placebo. In some cases scores improved up to 50% over placebo values. This improvement was not predicted by response to medication in the earlier short-term trial. Seven @entity1 completed an additional six-interval crossover trial. All but one continued to have improved performance with oral @entity2607 and, in grouped data, memory measures remained significantly improved. These results suggest that long-term administration of @entity2607 in @entity195 may be more effective than short-term. This benefit can be sustained for up to a year in some @entity1 .

title: Long-term administration of oral XXXX in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2607 :: (MESH:D010830,Chemical) :: ['physostigmine']


abstract: Minimal short-term benefits with oral @entity2607 have been reported in @entity195 . We examined long-term oral @entity2607 therapy in 14 @entity1 with probable @entity195 in an extended double-blind crossover trial in which they received @entity2607 for five intervals of 4 to 6 weeks in length and placebo for one interval determined at random. At each interval a Selective Reminding Test was administered and three indexes were examined: total recall, long-term recall, and intrusions. As a group, @entity1 ' memory test scores were significantly better during the drug period. Two @entity1 who previously had performed worse on drug than on placebo in a short-term trial continued to do so. Nine of the remaining 12 @entity1 performed better on two or more measures on @entity2607 compared with placebo. In some cases scores improved up to 50% over placebo values. This improvement was not predicted by response to medication in the earlier short-term trial. Seven @entity1 completed an additional six-interval crossover trial. All but one continued to have improved performance with oral @entity2607 and, in grouped data, memory measures remained significantly improved. These results suggest that long-term administration of @entity2607 in @entity195 may be more effective than short-term. This benefit can be sustained for up to a year in some @entity1 .

title: Long-term administration of oral @entity2607 in XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity792 such as @entity309 ( @entity309 ), regulatory T cells (Tregs) fail to constrain @entity32 ; however, the reasons for this are unclear. We investigated T cell regulation in the @entity309 joint. Tregs from @entity309 synovial fluid suppressed autologous responder T cells; however, when compared with Tregs from healthy control peripheral blood, they were significantly less suppressive. Despite their reduced suppressive activity, Tregs in the @entity309 joint were highly proliferative and expressed @entity403 , @entity13796 , and @entity4386 , which are markers of functional Tregs. This suggested that the reduced suppression is due to resistance of @entity309 synovial fluid responder T cells to Treg inhibition. @entity21319 (+) Th17 lineage cells were significantly enriched in the @entity309 joint; we therefore investigated their relative susceptibility to Treg-mediated suppression. Peripheral blood @entity21319 (+) Th cells from healthy controls were significantly more resistant to Treg-mediated suppression, when compared with @entity21319 (-) Th cells, and this was mediated through a @entity4104 -dependant mechanism. Furthermore, depletion of @entity21319 (+) Th cells from the responder T cell population in @entity309 synovial fluid restored Treg-mediated suppression. In addition, @entity21319 (+) Th cells exhibited pathogenic features, including polyfunctional proinflammatory cytokine production, an ability to activate synovial fibroblasts, and to survive and persist in the inflamed and @entity519 joint. Because @entity21319 (+) Th cells are known to be enriched at sites of autoinflammation, our finding that they are highly proinflammatory and resistant to Treg-mediated suppression suggests an important pathogenic role in @entity309 and other @entity792 .

title: Polyfunctional, Pathogenic XXXX + Th17 Lineage Cells Are Resistant to Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Suppression in the Context of Autoimmunity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune inflammation']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity21319 :: (3820,Gene) :: ['CD161']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor resection in non-metastatic @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 with adequate liver reserve offers a potential cure, but has a high 5-year recurrence rate. We analyzed the patterns of @entity5 relapse after partial hepatectomy to guide post-operative management. METHODS: A total of 144 @entity157 @entity1 (1996-2011) after partial hepatectomy were reviewed. Statistical correlations were determined using univariate and partition analyses. RESULTS: A median follow-up of 20 months showed recurrence in 71 (49%) @entity1 , and the median time to recurrence was 11.9 months. Vascular invasion (P<0.01) and number of lesions (P<0.01) predicted for recurrence. Histologic grade was not correlated with recurrence. Twenty-two (31%) @entity1 developed both surgical margin (SM) and concurrent intrahepatic recurrences, and 28 (40%) had non-SM intrahepatic recurrences with no other signs of recurrence. On partition analysis, the risk of marginal recurrence in @entity1 with SM <1 mm and SM >= 1 mm was 35% and 13.5% respectively. Approximately 57% of @entity1 with intrahepatic recurrence had recurrence  <=2.5 cm from SM. CONCLUSIONS: Intrahepatic recurrence after partial hepatectomy is common and is significantly associated with vascular invasion and @entity5 stage. About 57% of @entity1 with intrahepatic relapse had a recurrence close ( <=2.5 cm) to the SM. Additionally, @entity1 with SM <1 mm have a higher recurrence rate and may benefit from adjuvant local therapy.

title: Patterns of XXXX recurrence in localized resected @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor resection in non-metastatic @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 with adequate liver reserve offers a potential cure, but has a high 5-year recurrence rate. We analyzed the patterns of @entity5 relapse after partial hepatectomy to guide post-operative management. METHODS: A total of 144 @entity157 @entity1 (1996-2011) after partial hepatectomy were reviewed. Statistical correlations were determined using univariate and partition analyses. RESULTS: A median follow-up of 20 months showed recurrence in 71 (49%) @entity1 , and the median time to recurrence was 11.9 months. Vascular invasion (P<0.01) and number of lesions (P<0.01) predicted for recurrence. Histologic grade was not correlated with recurrence. Twenty-two (31%) @entity1 developed both surgical margin (SM) and concurrent intrahepatic recurrences, and 28 (40%) had non-SM intrahepatic recurrences with no other signs of recurrence. On partition analysis, the risk of marginal recurrence in @entity1 with SM <1 mm and SM >= 1 mm was 35% and 13.5% respectively. Approximately 57% of @entity1 with intrahepatic recurrence had recurrence  <=2.5 cm from SM. CONCLUSIONS: Intrahepatic recurrence after partial hepatectomy is common and is significantly associated with vascular invasion and @entity5 stage. About 57% of @entity1 with intrahepatic relapse had a recurrence close ( <=2.5 cm) to the SM. Additionally, @entity1 with SM <1 mm have a higher recurrence rate and may benefit from adjuvant local therapy.

title: Patterns of @entity5 recurrence in localized resected XXXX .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) can measure small bowel motility, reduction in which reflects inflammatory burden in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). However, it is unknown if motility improves with successful treatment. AIM: To determine if changes in segmental small bowel motility reflect response to anti- @entity310 therapy after induction and longer term. METHODS: A total of 46 @entity1 (median 29  years, 19 females) underwent MRE before anti- @entity310 treatment; 35 identified retrospectively underwent repeat MRE after median 55  weeks of treatment and 11 recruited prospectively after median 12  weeks. Therapeutic response was defined by physician global assessment (retrospective group) or a >= 3 point drop in the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (prospective group), @entity1851 and the MaRIA score. Two independent radiologists measured motility using an MRE image-registration algorithm. We compared motility changes in responders and nonresponders using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Anti- @entity310 responders had significantly greater improvements in motility (median  =  73.4% increase from baseline) than nonresponders (median  =  25% reduction, P  <  0.001). Improved MRI-measured motility was 93.1% sensitive (95%CI: 78.0-98.1%) and 76.5% specific (95% CI: 52.7-90.4%) for anti- @entity310 response. @entity1 with @entity1851 normalisation (<5  mg/L) had significantly greater improvements in motility (median  =  73.4% increase) than those with persistently elevated @entity1851 (median  =  5.1%, P  =  0.035). Individuals with post-treatment MaRIA scores of <11 had greater motility improvements (median  =  94.7% increase) than those with post-treatment MaRIA score >11 (median 15.2% increase, P  =  0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Improved MRI-measured small bowel motility accurately detects response to anti- @entity310 therapy for @entity30 , even as early as 12  weeks. Motility MRI may permit early identification of nonresponse to anti- @entity310 agents, allowing personalised treatment.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging-quantified small bowel motility is a sensitive marker of response to medical therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)', 'CRP']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity9381 in adolescents with primary @entity1119 . METHODS: This 52-week, multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label study was conducted in 141 adolescents ages 12 to 17 years with severe primary @entity1119 . @entity1 could receive up to six treatments with @entity9381 (50  U per axilla), with re-treatment occurring no sooner than 8  weeks after the prior treatment cycle and no later than 44  weeks after the initial treatment cycle. The primary efficacy measure was treatment response, based on self-assessed @entity1119 severity following the first two treatments using the 4-point @entity1119 Severity Scale (HDSS). Other efficacy measures included spontaneous resting sweat production and health outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-six (38.9%) @entity1 underwent one treatment, 59 (41.0%) underwent two, 20 (13.9%) underwent three, 6 (4.2%) underwent four, and 3 (2.1%) underwent five. @entity9381 significantly improved HDSS scores and decreased sweat production compared with treatment cycle baselines. Seventy-nine @entity1 (54.9%) responded to treatment based on HDSS criteria. From 56.6% to 72.3% of @entity1 experienced a two-grade or more improvement at 4 and 8  weeks after each of the first two treatments. The majority (79.4%-93.2%) had a 75% or greater reduction in sweat production at week 4 (treatments 1-3). The median duration of effect for responders ranged from 134 to 152  days. Using quality of life measures, health outcomes improved markedly. Eight @entity1 (5.6%) had mild or moderate treatment-related adverse events. No unexpected safety signals were observed in this study. Neutralizing antibodies to @entity9381 did not develop. CONCLUSION: @entity9381 injections provided beneficial effects in adolescents with primary @entity1119 .

title: A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open-Label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of @entity9381 in Adolescents with Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis Disease', 'axillary hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA', 'OnabotulinumtoxinA']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['Axillary Hyperhidrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity9381 in adolescents with primary @entity1119 . METHODS: This 52-week, multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label study was conducted in 141 adolescents ages 12 to 17 years with severe primary @entity1119 . @entity1 could receive up to six treatments with @entity9381 (50  U per axilla), with re-treatment occurring no sooner than 8  weeks after the prior treatment cycle and no later than 44  weeks after the initial treatment cycle. The primary efficacy measure was treatment response, based on self-assessed @entity1119 severity following the first two treatments using the 4-point @entity1119 Severity Scale (HDSS). Other efficacy measures included spontaneous resting sweat production and health outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-six (38.9%) @entity1 underwent one treatment, 59 (41.0%) underwent two, 20 (13.9%) underwent three, 6 (4.2%) underwent four, and 3 (2.1%) underwent five. @entity9381 significantly improved HDSS scores and decreased sweat production compared with treatment cycle baselines. Seventy-nine @entity1 (54.9%) responded to treatment based on HDSS criteria. From 56.6% to 72.3% of @entity1 experienced a two-grade or more improvement at 4 and 8  weeks after each of the first two treatments. The majority (79.4%-93.2%) had a 75% or greater reduction in sweat production at week 4 (treatments 1-3). The median duration of effect for responders ranged from 134 to 152  days. Using quality of life measures, health outcomes improved markedly. Eight @entity1 (5.6%) had mild or moderate treatment-related adverse events. No unexpected safety signals were observed in this study. Neutralizing antibodies to @entity9381 did not develop. CONCLUSION: @entity9381 injections provided beneficial effects in adolescents with primary @entity1119 .

title: A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open-Label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of XXXX in Adolescents with Primary @entity1119 .

answer: @entity9381 :: (MESH:C542870,Chemical) :: ['OnabotulinumtoxinA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implants have been widely used to restore missing teeth. Limited information on applied anatomy at the anterior maxilla compromises the clinical outcome for implant placement in this region. In the current study, Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) was used to measure @entity133 and buccal undercut dimension at the anterior maxilla to help develop treatment planning for immediate implant placement. METHODS: CBCT scans were screened to include 51 subjects with full dentition at @entity4265 . Measurements were taken at the cross sectional views in the middle of the maxillary right central incisor, lateral incisor, and @entity235 regions. Alveolar height was measured from the alveolar crest to floor of nasal fossa. Alveolar width was measured from the buccal to palatal cortical plate at the coronal, middle, and apical third of the distance from the alveolar crest to floor of the nasal fossa. Buccal undercut location was measured from where the buccal cortical plate started dipping to a line extending at the alveolar crest that was perpendicular to the long axis of the @entity133 . The buccal undercut depth was measured from the deepest point of the undercut at the buccal plate to a line tangent to the buccal plate paralleling the long axis of ridge. RESULTS: Alveolar width increased from coronal to apical direction for each tooth. Mean alveolar widths (mm) were: central incisor, 9.55; lateral incisor, 8.30; @entity235 , 9.62. The lateral incisor had a significantly smaller alveolar width than the other anterior teeth. No significant difference in ridge height was noted among the teeth. Undercut locations from the alveolar crest (mm) were: central incisor, 5.84; lateral incisor, 3.59; @entity235 , 5.11. Undercut depths (mm) were: central incisor, 0.76; lateral incisor, 0.87; @entity235 , 0.73. The percentages of teeth with buccal undercuts were: central incisor, 41%, lateral incisor, 77%, and @entity235 33%. Male demonstrate significant larger ridge width compared with females for all three teeth. CONCLUSIONS: At anterior maxilla, the lateral incisor has the @entity604 , and most frequently exhibits a buccal undercut which is the closest to @entity133 compared with other @entity1347 .

title: Anterior maxilla XXXX dimension and morphology measurement by cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) for immediate implant treatment planning.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['thinnest alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ridge']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right maxilla']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['alveolar ridge']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the @entity5637 antifungals on the cardiac system, including @entity998 , blood pressure and heart rate, when administered in an in-vivo model. METHODS: The @entity5637 antifungals were administered via central line to male @entity35 . Cardiac imaging and functional measurements were made using a high-resolution in-vivo imaging system. Statistical comparisons of the experimental antifungals versus saline control were made using a Student's t-test. KEY FINDINGS: In @entity998 (CO) measurements, @entity11794 was associated with a bimodal distribution in results at 3   mg/kg. Those with little response, termed 'non-vulnerable' animals (n   =   3) had no significant change in CO from baseline (-4.6        10.7%). Other animals, termed 'vulnerable' animals (n   =   3 at 3   mg/kg and those dosed at 6   mg/kg (n   =   6)), experienced greater than 60% decrease in CO (-66.4        13.1% at 3   mg/kg and -62.9        13.0% at 6   mg/kg, P   <   0.05). A dose of 5   mg/kg @entity25928 was associated with no significant changes in CO (-16.1        26%), while 11.5   mg/kg decreased CO by 62.7        19.4% from baseline (P   <   0.05). With @entity1331 1   mg/kg and 5   mg/kg doses, changes in CO were not significant (-16.7        2.1% and -18.2        1.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These studies provide substantial evidence to support ex-vivo Langendorff and in-vitro mitochondrial studies demonstrating a similar pharmacological event. Clinical reports of similar effects also support these findings.

title: Cardiac response to centrally administered XXXX antifungals.

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity5637 :: ('CHEBI:57248', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5637 :: (CHEBI:57248,Chemical) :: ['echinocandin']


abstract: The effects of feeding frequency and diet composition on mammary arteriovenous (AV) differences were observed in lactating dairy @entity291 . Two diets with 30 or 70 p. 100 concentrate (table 1) were offered 2 or 8 times daily in limited amounts. Circadian patterns of mammary AV differences in the main blood metabolites and in milk production (table 2) were studied in two @entity291 with an exteriorized carotid. Diet digestibility and ruminal fermentation profiles were studied in two other @entity291 fitted with a rumen cannula (tables 3, 4). 1. Circadian patterns of arterial levels and AV differences in @entity598 and @entity4322 depended on feeding frequency (fig. 2). With two feedings per day, the arterial levels reached a maximum 4 or 5 hrs after feeding, and the circadian patterns of AV differences were strongly related to those of the arterial levels. With 8 feedings per day, the circadian changes in AV differences were smaller (fig. 2), and their coefficients of variation decreased from 13 to 9 p. 100. On the other hand, packed cell volume and arterial @entity413 did not show any noticeable circadian changes, even with 2 feedings per day. 2. The mean arterial levels and AV differences in @entity598 , @entity4322 and most of the essential @entity1522 (EAA) decreased (-16, -8 and -10 p. 100) (table 5) when the feeding times were increased from 2 to 8 per day. The EAA decreased more with the high concentrate (-19 p. 100) than with the low concentrate (-8 p. 100) diet (table 6). 3. With the "high concentrate" diet, the arterial levels and AV differences in @entity598 were lower (-25 p. 100), while those of @entity4322 were higher (+13 p. 100), although the ruminal fermentations were not very different. "Continuous feeding" stabilized the AV differences, thus permitting the number of blood samples required to be reduced (50 p. 100). But this technique caused some physiological modifications, and the results obtained are not applicable to the standard practice of two feedings per day.

title: [Methodological study on measuring mammary arteriovenous differences in the dairy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the usefulness of 3.0-T MR elastography (MRE) in diagnosing the histological grades of @entity1575 using preliminary clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2012 and March 2014, MRE was applied to all @entity1 who underwent liver MR study at a 3.0-T clinical unit. Among them, those who had pathological evaluation of liver tissue within 3  months from MR examinations were retrospectively recruited, and the @entity409 measured by MRE was correlated with histological results. Institutional review board approved this study, waiving informed consent. RESULTS: There were 70 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. Liver stiffness showed significant correlation with the pathological grades of @entity1575 (rho   =   0.89, p   <   0.0001, Spearman's rank correlation). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.93, 0.95, 0.99 and 0.95 for @entity82 score greater than or equal to F1, F2, F3 and F4, with cut-off values of 3.13, 3.85, 4.28 and 5.38  kPa, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested that grades of necroinflammation also affected @entity409 , but to a significantly lesser degree as compared to @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: 3.0-T clinical MRE was suggested to be sufficiently useful in assessing the grades of @entity1575 . KEY POINTS:     MR elastography may help clinicians assess @entity1 with chronic @entity409     Usefulness of 3.0-T MR elastography has rarely been reported     Measured @entity409 correlated well with the histological grades of @entity1575     Measured @entity409 was also affected by necroinflammation, but to a lesser degree     3.0-T MRE could be a non-invasive alternative to liver biopsy.

title: MR elastography of the liver at 3.0 T in diagnosing XXXX grades; preliminary clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver stiffness']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: From 1972 to 1984, 104 cases of aortic valve @entity166 were treated surgically. The average age of the @entity1 was 40 years and the majority were @entity1 (69/104). Forty @entity1 had no previous @entity299 ; 44 @entity1 had documented @entity340 , which was unlikely in the remaining 20 @entity1 . There were 16 mitral valve, 55 aortic valve, 1 tricuspid, 30 mitro-aortic, 1 mitro-tricuspid and 1 mitro-aorto-tricuspid valve infections. Aerococcus viridans was isolated in only 4 out of 71 positive cultures: the prevalence of the infecting organisms was otherwise normal (30 staphylococcus, 30 streptococcus, 7 rare organisms). Forty one @entity1 were operated because of @entity5122 , 13 for @entity281 and 13 for an association of both indications; 37 @entity1 were operated for @entity887 or threatening vegetations. Eight @entity1 were in functional Class I, 26 in Class II, 52 in Class III and 17 in Class IV. The @entity1 were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of surgical emergency (26 extremely urgent, 26 semi urgent, 32 controlled @entity884 and 20 @entity102 ). The actuarial survival rate was 70% at 5 years. Poor prognostic factors were the presence of previous @entity340 , the isolation of a staphylococcus and an aortic valve localisation. The degree of emergency and the precise surgical indication did not seem to be important. Most @entity1 at long term were in functional Classes I or II. There was no preferential indication for bioprosthetic or mechanical valve replacement in @entity884 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Indications and results of surgery in native valve XXXX . Apropos of 104 surgically-treated cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['resistant infection']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The infection of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) is one of the most important causes of @entity2275 . The role of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) production in @entity1534 -induced @entity2275 . AIM: The expression of @entity3959 -y-lyase (CSE) was determined, and correlated with the severity of @entity2275 . METHODS: One hundred and eight @entity1 were selected based on the determination of @entity2275 and the infection of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ), including 36 normal control, 36 @entity1 with @entity1534 -negative @entity2275 , and 36 @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive @entity2275 . RT-PCR determination was performed to determine the expression of CSE, NF-kB and IL-8. RESULTS: The expression of CSE, NF-kB and IL-8 was higher in the @entity2275 group than control group (p<0.05). Compared with the @entity1534 -negative @entity2275 , the expression of CSE, NF-kB and IL-8 was higher than @entity1534 -positive @entity2275 group (p<0.05). For @entity1534 -negative @entity2275 group, the expression of CSE positively correlated with the expression of NF-kB (r=0.98, p<0.05) and IL-8 (r=0.95, p<0.05). For @entity1534 -positive @entity2275 group, the expression of CSE also positively correlated with the expression of NF-kB (r=0.99, p<0.05) and IL-8 (r=0.85, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of CSE was positively correlated with the severity of @entity2275 .

title: Correlation between the XXXX -r-lyase (CES) and the severity of peptic ulcer disease.

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'H. Pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'gastric ulcer disease']

answer: @entity3959 :: (MESH:D003540,Chemical) :: ['cystathionine']


abstract: The tissue levels of @entity7447 ( @entity7447 ) in endomyocardial biopsy samples and blood from 43 @entity1 with @entity296 were determined by steps of extraction, purification, and HPLC. The biopsy samples were obtained from the @entity1 after a routine heart catheterization. Six @entity1 were of class I, 18 of class II, 11 of class III, and 8 of class IV (classified according to guidelines of the New York Heart Association). True control biopsies of healthy hearts are not available for ethical reasons, but the data of the four classes by severity of disease may be justifiably compared. @entity1 of class IV had lower (P less than 0.01) levels of @entity7447 than those of class I. @entity1 of classes III and IV had a lower (P less than 0.0001) level than those of classes I and II. Biopsy samples were obtained from five @entity1 after treatment with @entity7447 for 2-8 months. The increases of @entity7447 levels ranged from 20% to 85%; the mean value was higher (P less than 0.02) than before treatment. @entity1503 also increase with severity of disease, but not as markedly as for the biopsies. These data reveal a @entity296 of @entity7447 , which is higher with increasing severity of disease and is reduced by therapy. This biochemistry correlates with the effective treatment of @entity296 with @entity7447 .

title: Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of XXXX with coenzyme Q10.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Blood deficiencies']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity29601 ( @entity29601 ), a new lipid-soluble antitumor agent, was given by 15-30-minute infusion on a daily X 5 schedule to 47 @entity1 with refractory @entity5 and @entity1778 . The starting daily dose of 6 mg/m2 was escalated to 10 and 35 mg/m2 in @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1778 , respectively. In @entity1 with @entity5 , myelosuppression was dose-limiting at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2. In @entity1 with @entity1778 , prolonged @entity3043 and @entity236 were observed at daily doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/m2. At these higher doses, significant @entity3638 associated with @entity295 was also seen. Corresponding increases of transaminases or alkaline phosphatase and significant @entity2142 were not noted. The maximum tolerated dose for this daily dose schedule was 9 mg/m2 in @entity1 with @entity5 and 25 mg/m2 in @entity1 with relapsed @entity1778 . Responses to @entity29601 included stabilization of disease in @entity421 , @entity6011 , @entity979 , and @entity424 . A @entity1 with juvenile chronic @entity2800 in @entity9638 converted back to the chronic phase. A @entity1 with @entity981 had a substantial decrease in cerebrospinal fluid blast count. @entity236 was achieved in @entity1 with @entity981 and @entity3052 ; however, remissions were not achieved. A phase II study of @entity29601 in @entity1 with @entity5 is now being performed by the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

title: Phase I clinical evaluation of @entity29601 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pinealoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['refractory malignancies', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity29601 :: ('MESH:C029108', 'Chemical') :: ['Diaziquone', 'AZQ']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow aplasia', 'bone marrow hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity29601 ( @entity29601 ), a new lipid-soluble antitumor agent, was given by 15-30-minute infusion on a daily X 5 schedule to 47 @entity1 with refractory @entity5 and @entity1778 . The starting daily dose of 6 mg/m2 was escalated to 10 and 35 mg/m2 in @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1778 , respectively. In @entity1 with @entity5 , myelosuppression was dose-limiting at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2. In @entity1 with @entity1778 , prolonged @entity3043 and @entity236 were observed at daily doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/m2. At these higher doses, significant @entity3638 associated with @entity295 was also seen. Corresponding increases of transaminases or alkaline phosphatase and significant @entity2142 were not noted. The maximum tolerated dose for this daily dose schedule was 9 mg/m2 in @entity1 with @entity5 and 25 mg/m2 in @entity1 with relapsed @entity1778 . Responses to @entity29601 included stabilization of disease in @entity421 , @entity6011 , @entity979 , and @entity424 . A @entity1 with juvenile chronic @entity2800 in @entity9638 converted back to the chronic phase. A @entity1 with @entity981 had a substantial decrease in cerebrospinal fluid blast count. @entity236 was achieved in @entity1 with @entity981 and @entity3052 ; however, remissions were not achieved. A phase II study of @entity29601 in @entity1 with @entity5 is now being performed by the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

title: Phase I clinical evaluation of XXXX in childhood @entity5 .

answer: @entity29601 :: (MESH:C029108,Chemical) :: ['diaziquone']


abstract: Oral administration of @entity8561 has been reported to prevent gut disease in @entity1 @entity1 . However, little is known about the effects of dietary @entity369 supplementation on intestinal development of weaned piglets. In the present study, twenty 21-d-old castrated piglets with 5  3 (SEM 0  13) kg body weight (BW) were weaned from sows, individually housed and randomly assigned to one of the two @entity2829 - and soyabean meal-based diets supplemented with 0 or 1% @entity8561 . After consuming the diets for 7 d, six @entity1707 were randomly selected from each group to obtain various tissues. Compared with control @entity1707 , dietary supplementation with 1% @entity8561 did not affect feed intake but enhanced (P<0  05) the relative weight of the small intestine (+33 %), daily BW gain (+38 %) and feed efficiency (+28 %). The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in @entity369 -supplemented piglets was 21, 28 and 25% greater (P<0  05) than in the nonsupplemented control group. @entity369 supplementation increased (P<0  05) protein levels for vascular endothelial growth factor( @entity17980 ) in duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosae by 14, 39 and 35 %, respectively. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 1% @entity8561 increased (P<0  05) plasma concentrations of @entity369 and insulin (+36 %), and decreased (P<0  05) plasma concentrations of @entity701 (233 %), @entity3655 (221 %) and @entity1133 (219 %). These results indicate that @entity369 supplementation enhances intestinal growth, development and expression of @entity17980 in early-weaned @entity1707 fed a @entity2829 - and soyabean meal-based diet. The findings may have important implications for neonatal @entity1707 under stressful or diseased conditions.

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation enhances intestinal development and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in weanling piglets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity8561 :: (D001120,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to examine the prolonged behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to @entity3215 ( @entity3215 , @entity73102 ) in @entity2608 . Experiment I involved testing a group of three monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm @entity3215 in their diets both before and throughout gestation and nursing (concurrent exposure condition), and a group of three control monkeys whose mothers had received no added dietary @entity3215 . These offspring began testing at approximately 60 months of age. In experiment II the same group of female breeders which were fed @entity3215 in experiment I underwent a second round of breeding after being off the contaminated diet for an average of 20 months (postexposure condition). Additionally, another group of female monkeys underwent breeding while receiving concurrent exposure to 0.5 ppm @entity3215 in their diet. Control female monkeys received no added dietary @entity3215 . Four offspring from the 2.5 ppm postexposure condition, four from the 0.5 ppm concurrent exposure condition and five control offspring survived to begin testing here at approximately 40 months of age. All monkeys from experiments I and II were tested under a series of fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement consisting of FI 30 sec (10 sessions) and FI 60, 300 and 600 sec (15 sessions each). Performance measures included overall response rate, index of curvature (IC) and postreinforcement pause (PRP). There were no consistent differences in FI performance between @entity5241 and respective control groups except for a slightly though significantly lower IC in the @entity5241 groups of experiment II under FI 300 and 600.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Behavioral evaluation of perinatal XXXX exposure in @entity2608 : fixed-interval performance and reinforcement-omission.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

answer: @entity5241 :: (CHEBI:47136,Chemical) :: ['PCB']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to examine the prolonged behavioral effects of perinatal exposure to @entity3215 ( @entity3215 , @entity73102 ) in @entity2608 . Experiment I involved testing a group of three monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm @entity3215 in their diets both before and throughout gestation and nursing (concurrent exposure condition), and a group of three control monkeys whose mothers had received no added dietary @entity3215 . These offspring began testing at approximately 60 months of age. In experiment II the same group of female breeders which were fed @entity3215 in experiment I underwent a second round of breeding after being off the contaminated diet for an average of 20 months (postexposure condition). Additionally, another group of female monkeys underwent breeding while receiving concurrent exposure to 0.5 ppm @entity3215 in their diet. Control female monkeys received no added dietary @entity3215 . Four offspring from the 2.5 ppm postexposure condition, four from the 0.5 ppm concurrent exposure condition and five control offspring survived to begin testing here at approximately 40 months of age. All monkeys from experiments I and II were tested under a series of fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement consisting of FI 30 sec (10 sessions) and FI 60, 300 and 600 sec (15 sessions each). Performance measures included overall response rate, index of curvature (IC) and postreinforcement pause (PRP). There were no consistent differences in FI performance between @entity5241 and respective control groups except for a slightly though significantly lower IC in the @entity5241 groups of experiment II under FI 300 and 600.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Behavioral evaluation of perinatal @entity5241 exposure in XXXX : fixed-interval performance and reinforcement-omission.

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung transplantation is an efficient therapeutic option for @entity1 with end-stage @entity358 , but less is known about @entity2 after lung transplantation. The aim of this study is to improve the awareness, diagnosis and treatment of @entity153 after lung transplantation with a case report and related literatures. METHODS: We reported a 65-year-old male with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) who underwent right lung transplantation under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in May 2007 in our hospital. The @entity1 recovered smoothly and discharged from the hospital 46 days after the procedure with regular follow-up. Immunosuppression therapy was triple drug maintenance regimen including @entity1140 (Tac), @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity230 . RESULTS: @entity151 in the left lung with multiple osseous @entity3 was found 13 months after the lung transplantation. Symptoms were relieved a bit by administering chemotherapeutics ( @entity2879 and @entity900 ) for 4 cycles. However, the @entity1 was succumbed to his illness within 11 months after the diagnosis of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 after lung transplantation has been suggested as one of causes of late mortality with the risk factors such as @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity2416 , cigarette smoking history and immunosuppression etc. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to improve the prognosis.

title: [ XXXX after lung transplantation: a case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['Bronchogenic carcinoma']


abstract: Dynamic exercise evokes sustained blood pressure and heart rate (HR) increases. Although it is well accepted that there is a CNS mediation of cardiovascular adjustments during dynamic exercise, information on the role of specific CNS structures is still limited. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is involved in exercise-evoked cardiovascular responses in @entity35 . However, the specific neurotransmitter involved in BST-related modulation of cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of local BST adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular responses evoked when @entity35 are submitted to an acute bout of exercise on a rodent treadmill. We observed that bilateral microinjection of the selective a1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity13397 into the BST enhanced the HR increase evoked by dynamic exercise without affecting the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increase. Bilateral microinjection of the selective a2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity23190 reduced exercise-evoked pressor response without changing the tachycardiac response. BST pretreatment with the nonselective b-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity1169 did not affect exercise-related cardiovascular responses. BST treatment with either @entity13397 or @entity23190 did not affect motor performance in the open-field test, which indicates that effects of BST adrenoceptor antagonism in exercise-evoked cardiovascular responses were not due to changes in motor activity. The present findings are the first evidence showing the involvement of CNS adrenoceptors in cardiovascular responses during dynamic exercise. Our results indicate an inhibitory influence of BST a1-adrenoceptor on the exercise-evoked HR response. Data also point to a facilitatory role played by the activation of BST a2-adrenoceptor on the pressor response to dynamic exercise.

title: Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis a1- and a2-adrenoceptors differentially modulate the cardiovascular responses to exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Both @entity717 and @entity910 @entity910 ( @entity910 ) are induced by the administration of @entity3034 in the unilateral @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 model of @entity191 . Since rotational responses can be conditioned to environmental cues we have investigated the extent to which drug-induced AIMS may also be conditioned by exteroceptive cues and experience. In Experiment I, @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 received repeated daily injections of @entity3034 either in their home cage (control) or in association with a brief (20 mins) exposure to the rotometers (paired). To assess conditioning, all animals then received two tests in the rotometer bowls. Following injection of saline the paired group both rotated more contralaterally and displayed manifest @entity910 , neither of which were exhibited by the control @entity35 . Moreover, following injection of @entity3034 , the paired group showed a trend for increased @entity910 compared to controls. Two further studies provided longer exposure to the conditioning environments in counterbalanced designs. Although, using these parameters, re-exposure in the presence of saline did not induce context-dependent @entity910 , a strong context-specific component of the sensitised response to @entity3034 was seen; chronic administration of drug produced a significantly stronger behavioural response in animals paired with a particular environment for drug administration than controls. This data suggests that part of the sensitisation of behavioural responding to @entity3034 administration is not solely a pharmacological phenomenon, but is also conditioned to the environmental context in which the drug is administered. This has clear implications for the clinical observation and experimental measurement of drug-induced @entity910 in @entity191 @entity1 and animal models.

title: Context-driven changes in @entity3034 -induced behaviours in the XXXX lesioned @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic', 'abnormal involuntary movements', 'dyskinesia', 'AIMs']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral rotational behaviour']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: Both @entity717 and @entity910 @entity910 ( @entity910 ) are induced by the administration of @entity3034 in the unilateral @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 model of @entity191 . Since rotational responses can be conditioned to environmental cues we have investigated the extent to which drug-induced AIMS may also be conditioned by exteroceptive cues and experience. In Experiment I, @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 received repeated daily injections of @entity3034 either in their home cage (control) or in association with a brief (20 mins) exposure to the rotometers (paired). To assess conditioning, all animals then received two tests in the rotometer bowls. Following injection of saline the paired group both rotated more contralaterally and displayed manifest @entity910 , neither of which were exhibited by the control @entity35 . Moreover, following injection of @entity3034 , the paired group showed a trend for increased @entity910 compared to controls. Two further studies provided longer exposure to the conditioning environments in counterbalanced designs. Although, using these parameters, re-exposure in the presence of saline did not induce context-dependent @entity910 , a strong context-specific component of the sensitised response to @entity3034 was seen; chronic administration of drug produced a significantly stronger behavioural response in animals paired with a particular environment for drug administration than controls. This data suggests that part of the sensitisation of behavioural responding to @entity3034 administration is not solely a pharmacological phenomenon, but is also conditioned to the environmental context in which the drug is administered. This has clear implications for the clinical observation and experimental measurement of drug-induced @entity910 in @entity191 @entity1 and animal models.

title: Context-driven changes in XXXX -induced behaviours in the @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 .

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['L-DOPA']


abstract: Both @entity717 and @entity910 @entity910 ( @entity910 ) are induced by the administration of @entity3034 in the unilateral @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 model of @entity191 . Since rotational responses can be conditioned to environmental cues we have investigated the extent to which drug-induced AIMS may also be conditioned by exteroceptive cues and experience. In Experiment I, @entity2955 lesioned @entity35 received repeated daily injections of @entity3034 either in their home cage (control) or in association with a brief (20 mins) exposure to the rotometers (paired). To assess conditioning, all animals then received two tests in the rotometer bowls. Following injection of saline the paired group both rotated more contralaterally and displayed manifest @entity910 , neither of which were exhibited by the control @entity35 . Moreover, following injection of @entity3034 , the paired group showed a trend for increased @entity910 compared to controls. Two further studies provided longer exposure to the conditioning environments in counterbalanced designs. Although, using these parameters, re-exposure in the presence of saline did not induce context-dependent @entity910 , a strong context-specific component of the sensitised response to @entity3034 was seen; chronic administration of drug produced a significantly stronger behavioural response in animals paired with a particular environment for drug administration than controls. This data suggests that part of the sensitisation of behavioural responding to @entity3034 administration is not solely a pharmacological phenomenon, but is also conditioned to the environmental context in which the drug is administered. This has clear implications for the clinical observation and experimental measurement of drug-induced @entity910 in @entity191 @entity1 and animal models.

title: Context-driven changes in @entity3034 -induced behaviours in the @entity2955 lesioned XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The effect of @entity4854 on transplanted @entity35 pancreatic islets was studied using a new technique for transplanting a defined number of islets in a @entity4461 . Normal or @entity3839 - @entity6 DA @entity35 were given 400 DA islets under the left kidney capsule (a number shown to be insufficient to reverse @entity6 ). After 2 weeks the @entity6 @entity35 were given a further 1000 islets under the right kidney capsule to reverse @entity6 . Kidneys from both groups were examined at 2 weeks after the initial islet implant and at 3 months for both gross and histological appearance and for insulin content. After 2 weeks left kidneys from nondiabetic @entity35 showed abundant islet tissue, with an insulin content of 116 (+/- 14 SEM) milliunits, compared to 1 +/- 0.5 milliunits in the right kidney. Kidneys from @entity6 @entity35 showed no islets recognizable grossly. Histological examination showed vacuolated tissue scarcely recognizable as islet tissue, and the insulin content of the left kidney was reduced to 18 +/- 5 milliunits. However, 3 months after reversal of @entity6 by transplantation of 1000 islets to the right kidney, histologically "normal" islet tissue was again visible on the left kidney, and the insulin content was 160 +/- 36 milliunits. Islets left in normal animals for 3 months contained 195 +/- 50 milliunits. These experiments show that islets implanted beneath the kidney capsule in @entity6 @entity35 are not destroyed by two weeks @entity4854 . This suggests that protection of islets after implantation by insulin treatment is unnecessary, even in the presence of a persistently raised blood sugar.

title: The effect of XXXX on isolated rodent islets transplanted to the kidney capsule site.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prognostic value of the Mandard tumour regression score (TRG) following pre-operative chemo/radiotherapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study involved 158 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 treated with pre-operative long course chemo/radiotherapy at Nottingham University Hospital between April 2001 and December 2008. @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy to a dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with or without concurrent @entity416 chemotherapy at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2)/day. Surgery was normally performed after an interval of 6-10 weeks. The response to pre-operative treatment was carefully graded by a single pathologist using the five point Mandard score. The median follow-up was 40 months (range 3-90 months). RESULTS: Of the 158 @entity1 14% were @entity17198 , 41% were @entity17199 , 31% were @entity22576 , 13% were @entity55053 and 1% were @entity49626 . The groups were combined into @entity17198 , @entity17199 and @entity22576 -5 to simplify further analysis. The Mandard score was clearly related to both disease-free (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.012). On multivariate analysis perineural invasion, nodal status, TRG and circumferential resection margin status were the most powerful predictors of disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The Mandard tumour regression score is an independent prognostic factor and predicts for long-term outcome following pre-operative chemo/radiotherapy in @entity5 .

title: Prognostic importance of Mandard tumour regression grade following pre-operative chemo/radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of individuals who are at high risk of @entity303 may lead to earlier detection and diagnosis. In this study, we describe the development and preliminary validation of a very brief, Internet-based risk assessment tool. METHODS: The @entity303 Risk Assessment collected information on demographic, neurologic, and medical risk factors; perceived cognitive functioning; and emotional symptoms. @entity1 answered questions pertaining to themselves (" @entity1 page") or to a relative or friend ("proxy page"). @entity1 also completed a novel short-delayed recognition memory test. Subjects received personalized feedback about their risk factors and were advised to seek clinical evaluation for concerning symptoms. By November 2009, 500 respondents completed the @entity1 page. RESULTS: The 352 respondents aged 50 years or older (M = 62 years) included a high percentage of @entity1 (72%) and college graduates (67%). Among the respondents, only 10% complained of having severe @entity2414 , whereas 38% reported having a first-degree relative who experienced severe @entity2414 . The prevalence of major neurologic risk factors was low. Although the delay interval for the recognition memory test averaged around 2 minutes, there was sufficient variability in performance. Individuals with scores  <=10th percentile were significantly older and more likely to be @entity1 , have @entity101 , and report having severe @entity2414 . CONCLUSIONS: History of major @entity303 risk factors can be ascertained through the Internet, and several of these factors are shown to be moderately predictive of performance on a brief test of episodic memory. These data provide preliminary validation of the @entity303 Risk Assessment for identifying current @entity73 , and suggest its potential for assessing future @entity303 risk. Ongoing studies will further establish the validity of these findings against proxy reports of cognitive and functional decline, the results of more detailed cognitive assessments, and formal clinical diagnoses.

title: Preliminary findings from an internet-based XXXX risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems', 'memory loss']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Enormous progress in the treatment of @entity5734 over the last five decades has emerged as a result of organized clinical investigations. Although interferon represented one of the initial major therapeutic advances in the management of this disease in 1984, the subsequent introduction of purine @entity2353 analogs ( @entity9392 and @entity8778 ) changed the natural history of this @entity395 by achieving a high rate of complete and durable remissions. The disease-free survival after effective therapy has not reached a plateau, suggesting control but not cure of the disease. Identification of minimal @entity66 in @entity1 achieving a complete hematologic remission provides insight into the potential source for predicting eventual relapse. Modern strategies of targeted therapies directed against immunophenotypic markers on the leukemic cells provide hope that improved long-term control of the disease is possible. Combined chemoimmunotherapy may hold the highest promise for disease eradication, but the optimal strategy for using this approach is under active investigation. Despite the perception by hematologists that this disease has already been conquered, there are critically important unanswered questions that remain. Investigation of the bone marrow microenvironment and its impact on minimal @entity66 may ultimately prevent relapse. Consideration of the median age of @entity1 at diagnosis combined with a substantial relapse rate mandates continued pursuit of improved therapy. The ultimate goal will be to achieve cure rather than simple control of the disease.

title: Modern strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['pentostatin']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate differences in foveal contrast sensitivity (CS) between @entity735 using a simple, rapid computerized test. METHODS: This study included consecutive @entity1 with @entity726 (35 eyes) and age-matched control @entity1 (23 eyes) with visual acuity of 20/30 or better. @entity1 with any other @entity2194 , including @entity231 , were excluded. All @entity1 underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, perimetry, and CS. Contrast sensitivity was examined by means of 2 computerized psychophysical tests. The transient method included the presentation of a target in a temporal, 2-alternative, forced-choice procedure, and the static method involved 4 forced-choice procedures. The targets were Gabor patches with spatial frequencies of 1.5 to 9.0 cycles per degree. The tests were conducted under photopic and mesopic conditions. RESULTS: Significantly lower foveal CS was found in @entity735 under photopic and mesopic conditions for all spatial frequencies (P < .01). The transient and static methods yielded similar results and were significantly correlated (P < .001). All transient photopic and mesopic CSs were significantly correlated with cup to disc ratio (P < .05). The static photopic spatial frequency of 6 cycles per degree was significantly correlated with the severity of the @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that foveal CS is impaired in @entity726 despite good visual acuity, suggesting that central @entity227 occurs in @entity726 . The similarity between the 2 methods of testing implies that the static method, being the shorter and easier one, may be used in future research. Further research is necessary to establish a CS testing role in the screening and monitoring of @entity726 .

title: Reduced mesopic and photopic foveal contrast sensitivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual function damage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes', 'glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: @entity5874 ss. jejuni has recently been recognized as a frequent enteric pathogen of @entity1 . Although long known as a significant pathogen of domestic animals, little is known regarding mechanisms of colonization and pathogenesis. In an effort to study the colonization and morphology of this organism, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine ilea and colons from @entity19 in which a @entity1 isolate of @entity5874 ss. jejuni had been inoculated. When inoculated into the ileum of the @entity19 , a transient colonization was observed by 24 hours and had disappeared by 48 hours. Colonization of the colon first appeared at 48 hours and persisted at least three weeks. When inoculated directly into the colon, colonization appeared within 24 hours in the colon and persisted at least 16 days. Severe @entity39 were observed in colons only in those @entity19 which were inoculated via the colon. In the infected colons, the @entity5874 ss. jejuni organisms were enmeshed in a fibrous network which may play a role in the attachment of bacteria to the mucosal surface. Differences between the morphology of @entity5874 ss. jejuni in the @entity19 model and that found in pure culture were observed and may represent distinct tissue and culture phases of growth.

title: XXXX ss. Jejuni, a newly recognized enteric pathogen: morphology and intestinal colonization.

entities_list: @entity5874 :: ('196', 'Species') :: ['C. fetus', 'Campylobacter fetus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['colonic necrosis and mucosal degeneration']

answer: @entity5874 :: (196,Species) :: ['Campylobacter fetus']


abstract: The transplacental effects of @entity7043 on the skeleton of neonatal @entity19 has been investigated. Pregnant @entity19 were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg @entity7043 daily on days 11-19 of gestation. The @entity19 were allowed to deliver and pups were weighed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and compared to controls. Light microscopy of non-decalcified longitudinal sections of bones revealed mineral precipitates throughout the zone of @entity1184 cartilage most prominent on days 1, 3 and 5 and gradually disappearing on days 10-20. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular @entity730 of maturing and @entity1184 chondrocytes in addition to abnormal @entity730 of the interstitial substance. @entity692 crystals were not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy of long bones revealed a wide zone of calcified intercartilagenous matrix representing the calcified proliferating and @entity1184 zones. In this area, the calcospherites varied in size (0.5-1.4 mu in diameter) and were found in both longitudinal and transverse septa. No significant differences in the distribution and shape of cartilage matrix vesicles between experimental and control animals was observed. However, the fact that mineral crystals in experimental animals was not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles points to the possibility that this "pathological @entity730 " may utilize a different mechanism than the normal process through matrix vesicles.

title: Transplacental effects of XXXX on @entity730 and ossification of long bones in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity7043 :: (MESH:C015087,Chemical) :: ['cortisone acetate']


abstract: The transplacental effects of @entity7043 on the skeleton of neonatal @entity19 has been investigated. Pregnant @entity19 were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg @entity7043 daily on days 11-19 of gestation. The @entity19 were allowed to deliver and pups were weighed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and compared to controls. Light microscopy of non-decalcified longitudinal sections of bones revealed mineral precipitates throughout the zone of @entity1184 cartilage most prominent on days 1, 3 and 5 and gradually disappearing on days 10-20. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular @entity730 of maturing and @entity1184 chondrocytes in addition to abnormal @entity730 of the interstitial substance. @entity692 crystals were not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy of long bones revealed a wide zone of calcified intercartilagenous matrix representing the calcified proliferating and @entity1184 zones. In this area, the calcospherites varied in size (0.5-1.4 mu in diameter) and were found in both longitudinal and transverse septa. No significant differences in the distribution and shape of cartilage matrix vesicles between experimental and control animals was observed. However, the fact that mineral crystals in experimental animals was not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles points to the possibility that this "pathological @entity730 " may utilize a different mechanism than the normal process through matrix vesicles.

title: Transplacental effects of @entity7043 on XXXX and ossification of long bones in @entity19 .

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: The transplacental effects of @entity7043 on the skeleton of neonatal @entity19 has been investigated. Pregnant @entity19 were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg @entity7043 daily on days 11-19 of gestation. The @entity19 were allowed to deliver and pups were weighed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and compared to controls. Light microscopy of non-decalcified longitudinal sections of bones revealed mineral precipitates throughout the zone of @entity1184 cartilage most prominent on days 1, 3 and 5 and gradually disappearing on days 10-20. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular @entity730 of maturing and @entity1184 chondrocytes in addition to abnormal @entity730 of the interstitial substance. @entity692 crystals were not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy of long bones revealed a wide zone of calcified intercartilagenous matrix representing the calcified proliferating and @entity1184 zones. In this area, the calcospherites varied in size (0.5-1.4 mu in diameter) and were found in both longitudinal and transverse septa. No significant differences in the distribution and shape of cartilage matrix vesicles between experimental and control animals was observed. However, the fact that mineral crystals in experimental animals was not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles points to the possibility that this "pathological @entity730 " may utilize a different mechanism than the normal process through matrix vesicles.

title: Transplacental effects of @entity7043 on @entity730 and ossification of long bones in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Lymphocyte subset phenotypes in peripheral blood and axillary lymph node cell isolated from 28 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity0 were determined by two-color immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. Lymphocyte subpopulation proportions were determined with combinations of monoclonal antibodies directed against the @entity405 , Leu 3, @entity4755 , @entity1196 , Leu 11, Leu 12, Leu 15, Leu M3, and HLA-DR surface markers. @entity1 were staged according to the postsurgical-pathological modification of the Tumor-Node-Metastases staging system, for analysis of tissue source (lymph node versus peripheral blood) and stage of disease as factors influencing lymphocyte subset size. Activated @entity405 +DR+ and Leu 3+DR+T-cells were elevated in stage 2 @entity189 compared to Stage 1. Elevation of @entity405 +8+ circulating T-cells and a reciprocal depression of @entity405 +8- T-cells were also seen in Stage 2 @entity1 when compared to Stage 1. Total T-cells, B-cells, @entity405 +, and Leu 3+ T-cell subsets and natural killer phenotypes defined by @entity4755 and Leu 11 were unchanged in the peripheral blood of Stages 1 and 2 @entity0 . Regional lymph nodes from Stage 1 were found to contain a high frequency of Leu 3+ cells which dropped significantly in Stage 2 @entity1 ; this was found to be numerically due to a sharp decrease in the Leu 3+8- subpopulation in Stage 2 @entity1 . Elevated B-cells (Leu 12+), activated T-cells ( @entity405 +DR+ and Leu 3+DR+), total @entity405 + cells, and @entity4755 -11+ natural killer cells were demonstrated in Stage 2 lymph nodes when compared to Stage 1. Generally, no differences in subpopulations were seen when level 1 (low axillary) lymph node cells were compared to level 3 (high axillary) lymph node cells at each stage of the disease. These findings demonstrate substantial differences in the profile of lymphocyte phenotypes between Stage 1 and Stage 2 @entity0 , especially in the ipsilateral regional nodes. The findings presented in this study suggest that changes in local-regional immunocompetent cell subsets may be related to metastasis of @entity5 to the regional nodes and progression of disease without being fully reflected in the systemic circulation.

title: Monoclonal antibody-defined phenotypes of regional lymph node and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This premature female @entity1 died soon after birth. She had numerous gross anomalies and was found on cytogenic studies to have @entity20928 . Polytomographic and histologic studies of the left ear revealed @entity156 including complete aural @entity1146 , non-pneumatization of the middle ear with a vertical shelf of bone in the mid portion of the middle ear, absence of the stapes and oval window and bony closure of the round window niche. The cochlea is flat in shape and shows one and a half turns with incomplete formation of the modiolus. The intersaccular septum is rudimentary but the @entity4494 is clearly seen in Rosenthal's canal through the one and a half turns. The organ of Corti is well developed and contains hair cells. The stria vascularis is present. The utricular and saccular maculae as well as all cristae are well developed and contain hair cells. The saccular wall is collapsed onto an @entity3202 appearing otolithic membrane. The utricle is dilated, the lateral semicircular canal appears short and the bony canal is wide. The flattened and shortened cochlea with deformities of the cochlear duct, and the large vestibule resembles Mondinis @entity1141 .

title: [Temporal bone histopathology in a case of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity20928 :: (MESH:C536799,Disease) :: ['trisomy 22-syndrome']


abstract: One of the approaches for the treatment of @entity162 involves the coadministration of @entity1091 , a mood stabilizer, with a   -adrenoceptor antagonists possessing an antidepressant effect. Since @entity1091 accelerates the recovery of a   (D)-adrenoceptors following their irreversible inactivation with @entity21241 ( @entity21241 ), our aim was to examine if it could be to some changes in @entity11026 gene expression which codifies these adrenoceptors. Animals were treated with @entity13557 (120 mg/kg i.p.) or saline once a day for 10 days. A group of @entity1091 - or saline-treated @entity35 was killed 48 h after the last injection. The remaining animals were treated with EEDQ and were killed at 0.25, 4 and 14 days following this administration. Total RNA was extracted from cerebral cortex and @entity11026 gene expression was measured by RT-QPCR. The results show that chronic @entity1091 raised the @entity11026 gene expression (P < 0.05), and after EEDQ administration this expression decreased to the basal level. No change in @entity11026 gene expression was detected in the saline-treated group. However, EEDQ administration produced an insignificant increase in a   -adrenoceptors mRNA levels followed by a progressive decrease until basal levels. @entity1091 produced an overexpression of the @entity11026 gene after chronic treatment that made the neuron ready to produce a   -adrenoceptors to deal with their inactivation.

title: Regulation of a   -adrenoceptor gene expression by chronic XXXX treatment in @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity21241 :: ('MESH:C000470', 'Chemical') :: ['EEDQ', 'N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: One of the approaches for the treatment of @entity162 involves the coadministration of @entity1091 , a mood stabilizer, with a   -adrenoceptor antagonists possessing an antidepressant effect. Since @entity1091 accelerates the recovery of a   (D)-adrenoceptors following their irreversible inactivation with @entity21241 ( @entity21241 ), our aim was to examine if it could be to some changes in @entity11026 gene expression which codifies these adrenoceptors. Animals were treated with @entity13557 (120 mg/kg i.p.) or saline once a day for 10 days. A group of @entity1091 - or saline-treated @entity35 was killed 48 h after the last injection. The remaining animals were treated with EEDQ and were killed at 0.25, 4 and 14 days following this administration. Total RNA was extracted from cerebral cortex and @entity11026 gene expression was measured by RT-QPCR. The results show that chronic @entity1091 raised the @entity11026 gene expression (P < 0.05), and after EEDQ administration this expression decreased to the basal level. No change in @entity11026 gene expression was detected in the saline-treated group. However, EEDQ administration produced an insignificant increase in a   -adrenoceptors mRNA levels followed by a progressive decrease until basal levels. @entity1091 produced an overexpression of the @entity11026 gene after chronic treatment that made the neuron ready to produce a   -adrenoceptors to deal with their inactivation.

title: Regulation of a   -adrenoceptor gene expression by chronic @entity1091 treatment in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare the equipotent doses of @entity1342 and @entity1343 for walk-out criteria and the characteristics of spinal anesthesia in inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery. METHODS: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed. Adult @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive 5  mg 0.5% @entity1342 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group RF, n  =  25) or 3.75  mg 0.75% @entity1343 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group LF, n  =  25). Each solution was hypobaric, and the same volume, 3  ml, was administered. Sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, side effects, number of @entity1 having ability to stand and walk at the end of the operation, time to first analgesic requirement, time to urination, time to getting out of bed (ambulation), and time to home discharge were determined. RESULTS: Sensory block onset time and time to reach the T6 dermatome were significantly shorter in group LF, whereas time to the two-segment regression and time to first analgesic requirement were significantly shorter in group RF. All @entity1 in group LF were Bromage 0. Time to home discharge was shorter in group LF, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We suggest that both local anesthetics can be used in walking spinal technique. @entity1343 may be an alternative local anesthetic for walking spinal anesthesia as it provides minimum motor block and a long duration of @entity86 , even if its use is not associated with a shorter home discharge time.

title: Low-dose XXXX or @entity1343 walking spinal anesthesia in ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine', 'levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare the equipotent doses of @entity1342 and @entity1343 for walk-out criteria and the characteristics of spinal anesthesia in inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery. METHODS: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed. Adult @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive 5  mg 0.5% @entity1342 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group RF, n  =  25) or 3.75  mg 0.75% @entity1343 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group LF, n  =  25). Each solution was hypobaric, and the same volume, 3  ml, was administered. Sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, side effects, number of @entity1 having ability to stand and walk at the end of the operation, time to first analgesic requirement, time to urination, time to getting out of bed (ambulation), and time to home discharge were determined. RESULTS: Sensory block onset time and time to reach the T6 dermatome were significantly shorter in group LF, whereas time to the two-segment regression and time to first analgesic requirement were significantly shorter in group RF. All @entity1 in group LF were Bromage 0. Time to home discharge was shorter in group LF, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We suggest that both local anesthetics can be used in walking spinal technique. @entity1343 may be an alternative local anesthetic for walking spinal anesthesia as it provides minimum motor block and a long duration of @entity86 , even if its use is not associated with a shorter home discharge time.

title: Low-dose @entity1342 or XXXX walking spinal anesthesia in ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy.

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: 112 @entity1 with @entity1582 have been studied at diagnosis for the presence of blood clonal B-cell excess (CBE), defined as a ratio between kappa+ and lambda+ lymphocytes outside the normal range (0.9-3.5). 48 @entity1 (43%) had CBE. The increase in light chain-bearing lymphocytes was always that of the M component light chain isotype. The proportions of @entity1 exhibiting CBE were the same in different stages. The response frequency was not influenced by the presence of CBE. However, @entity1 with CBE had a shorter remission duration time (p less than 0.001) and total survival (p less than 0.05) than those without CBE. This was also noticed when each clinical stage was analyzed separately. Moreover, survival was shorter in @entity1 with a large fraction of CBE than in those with a small one. Cox regression analysis revealed that CBE was a much stronger predictor of remission duration than age, clinical stage and @entity8 . CBE and response to initial treatment independently were the best factors to indicate survival. It is suggested that analysis of CBE should be included in the clinical characterization of untreated @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: Blood clonal B cell excess at diagnosis in XXXX : relation to prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']