abstract: Various works have been published, mainly by Scandinavian authors, in which a partial immunological identity has been found to exist between birch pollen and hazelnut and apple. However, our attention has been particularly drawn to the high proportion of @entity1 who are allergic to the apple and other fruits, which in some cases has been as much as 50 and 70%, and in whom an oral @entity111 alone is considered sufficient a symptom of @entity566 to certain foodstuffs. However due to the fact that the incidence of @entity566 to fruit in @entity1 who suffer from pollen-related @entity566 is much lower in this area, being in the order of 7%, and because of the absence of birch, we decided to carry out our investigation in the opposite direction to that chosen by the Scandinavian researchers. That is to say, from the point of view of @entity1 suffering from @entity566 to fruits and vegetables (these being the foodstuffs which most frequently produce @entity56 in our own particular environment) we decided to investigate: 1) which foodstuffs, according to clinical history, are most frequently responsible for producing @entity566 ; 2) their possible co-existence with pollen related @entity566 ; 3) which pollens are responsible for producing a higher rate of positive results in @entity1 ; 4) and finally, by means of the RAST inhibition technique, to discover it a cross-reactivity might exist between these pollens and the peanut or the @entity3587 . We chose 40 @entity1 (19 females and 21 males), between the ages of 5 and 49 years old, whose clinical history showed beyond a shadow of a doubt that they displayed symptoms of immediate @entity56 after the ingestion of certain fruits and/or vegetables. The technique employed in the skin tests was that of scratch of the skin from the backs of the @entity1 (in a prone position), systematically using fresh natural foodstuffs, and at the same time trying to ensure that they were of the same type as those that had originally produced the above-mentioned symptoms in the @entity1 . On 193 occasions we carried out passive transfers (the Prausnitz-K  stner method or P.K.), and on 13 @entity1 we carried out oral provocative tests (cases with positive scratch and uncertain clinical histories). With regard to the pollens, we used @entity653 -based antigens of the type: @entity5369 , @entity4135 , Artemisia vulgaris and Parietaria officinalis of Dome/Hollister-Stier, and the Bencard gramineae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Immediate XXXX and pollenosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['Olea europeae']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['Lolium perenne']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity to fruits and vegetables']


abstract: A radioimmunoassay for @entity1 @entity2690 ( @entity4151 ) has been developed using biosynthetic @entity4151 prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard, and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a @entity840 and then adsorbed against insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms of @entity2690 demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55 fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum @entity4151 concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic @entity4151 into normal subjects and type I @entity6 subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and each of 20 samples from @entity6 subjects diluted in parallel with the @entity4151 standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement of endogenous @entity4151 levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of @entity2690 -like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody-Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or oral @entity413 from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did not differ significantly from the slope of the @entity4151 standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A radioimmunoassay for circulating @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['proinsulin']


abstract: A radioimmunoassay for @entity1 @entity2690 ( @entity4151 ) has been developed using biosynthetic @entity4151 prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard, and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a @entity840 and then adsorbed against insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms of @entity2690 demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55 fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum @entity4151 concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic @entity4151 into normal subjects and type I @entity6 subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and each of 20 samples from @entity6 subjects diluted in parallel with the @entity4151 standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement of endogenous @entity4151 levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of @entity2690 -like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody-Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or oral @entity413 from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did not differ significantly from the slope of the @entity4151 standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A radioimmunoassay for circulating XXXX @entity2690 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Snake bite is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in certain parts of @entity3595 Lanka. This study was designed to determine the offending snakes, neurological manifestations, disease course, and outcome in @entity2359 . METHODS AND MATERIAL: Fifty six consecutive @entity1 admitted with neurological manifestations following snake bite were studied prospectively. Data were obtained regarding the offending snakes, neurological symptoms, time taken for onset of symptoms, neurological signs, and time taken for recovery. RESULTS: The offending snake was @entity9115 in 27(48.2%), common and @entity3595 Lankan krait in 19(33.9%), cobra in 3(5.4%), and unidentified in 7(12.5%). @entity1736 was the commonest neurological manifestation seen in 48(85.7%) followed by @entity4610 (75%), limb @entity425 (26.8%), @entity1576 (17.9%), @entity425 (10.7%), neck @entity425 (7.1%), and delayed @entity16 (1.8%). @entity16 were experienced usually within 6 hours after the bite. Following administration of antivenom, the signs of recovery became evident within a few hours to several days. The duration for complete recovery ranged from four hours to two weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Complete recovery of neuromuscular @entity425 was observed in all @entity1 except for one who died with @entity1779 shortly after admission.

title: Neurological manifestations of snake bite in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's viper"]

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms', 'sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness', 'weakness', 'palatal weakness']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic envenomation']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: The changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR- @entity8242 ) in response to a standard meal were examined in 21 normal subjects and 15 Type 1 (insulin dependent) @entity6 @entity1 7 days, 14 days, and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after time of diagnosis. During the first 4 tests significantly lower plasma IR- @entity8242 concentrations were found in the @entity6 @entity1 after the standard meal. At 9 months and during the remaining tests there was no difference in IR- @entity8242 concentrations between the @entity6 and the normal subjects. The IR- @entity8242 response was normalized faster if the @entity6 @entity1 were treated with initial short term intensive insulin therapy than if they were treated conventionally with 1 or 2 daily injections of insulin. beta-Cell function, evaluated by the C-peptide response to the meal, increased significantly during the first 3 months. After 3 months maximal beta-cell function was found while the corresponding IR- @entity8242 responses were significantly lower than those of the normal subjects. Thereafter beta-cell function declined gradually and significantly, coinciding with the normalization of the IR- @entity8242 response. No individual covariation between IR- @entity8242 and beta-cell function during the 18 months was found in any @entity1 . The IR- @entity8242 response to a meal was diminished at the onset of Type 1 (insulin dependent) @entity6 mellitus. After the start of insulin therapy the response improved, perhaps as a function of the quality of metabolic control, and within a year it was comparable to that of normal subjects. Lack of endogenous @entity8242 therefore does not explain the diminished beta-cell function in Type 1 @entity6 a few months after onset of the disease. No causal relationship between the changes in beta-cell function and IR- @entity8242 during the first 18 months after the onset of the disease seems to exist.

title: Immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a meal during the first eighteen months after diagnosis of type 1 (insulin dependent) XXXX mellitus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the mutation in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in @entity5 and its influence on the changes of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and cell cycle. METHODS: The D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Reactive @entity26 species and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry in 40 specimens from @entity5 and adjacent normal tissues. According to the sequence results, @entity356 tissue was divided into mutation group and control group. Reactive @entity26 species, apoptosis and proliferation in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Among the 40 @entity5 specimens, 21 mutations were identified in 12 @entity1 , the mutation rate being 30%. There were four microsatellite instabilities in the mutations. No mutation was found in the adjacent tissues. Reactive @entity26 species, apoptosis and proliferation in the mutation group were all significantly higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Mutation in the D-loop region plays a role in the genesis and development of @entity5 .

title: Significance of mutation in the D-loop region in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed on the operative results following @entity3604 with @entity16 . We sought to investigate the results of operative decompression and stabilization in @entity1 with @entity51 as a result of an @entity3604 . We examined the postoperative radiographic outcomes, level of disability, functional outcomes, and complications. Compression @entity174 of the anterior vertebral column secondary to @entity170 and minimal @entity130 are a common clinical entity. These @entity174 are often effectively treated by nonoperative means. However, compressive failure of the middle vertebral column can lead to retropulsion of vertebral body fragments with significant canal compromise and @entity16 . Treatment of these more severe injuries becomes more difficult and is less well established. Functional outcomes and disability from @entity158 have not been examined. Previous reports on this subject have documented generally good results but have given few specific data regarding outcomes. We retrospectively report on a series of 10 @entity1 , from 1995 to 1998, with @entity3604 , which led to varying degrees of @entity16 . There were nine female and one male @entity1 with a mean age of 76 years. Nine of the 10 @entity1 presented more than 1 month following the onset of neurologic symptoms; 70% of the @entity174 occurred at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Mean loss of anterior column height was 59%, with significant @entity1513 (mean 28 degrees) in nine of the 10 @entity174 . Mean canal compromise was 41%. At presentation, seven @entity1 were Frankel grade D and three were Frankel grade C. All @entity1 were treated operatively with decompression and arthrodesis. Mean time to follow-up was 16 months. Six of the 10 @entity1 had improvement of their Frankel grade postoperatively and one deteriorated neurologically. Seven of the eight surviving @entity1 completed the Oswestry questionnaire with a mean score of 44%, representing severe disability secondary to @entity1643 . The Physical Component score of the SF-36 was at or below the national mean for each @entity1 . Complications were present in six of the eight surviving @entity1 . @entity3604 are not benign. Careful evaluation for @entity16 is warranted. Neurologic recovery occurred in six of the 10 @entity1 ; however, significant disability secondary to @entity158 was common.

title: @entity3604 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic burst fractures']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury', 'neurologic compromise', 'neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic compromise']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed on the operative results following @entity3604 with @entity16 . We sought to investigate the results of operative decompression and stabilization in @entity1 with @entity51 as a result of an @entity3604 . We examined the postoperative radiographic outcomes, level of disability, functional outcomes, and complications. Compression @entity174 of the anterior vertebral column secondary to @entity170 and minimal @entity130 are a common clinical entity. These @entity174 are often effectively treated by nonoperative means. However, compressive failure of the middle vertebral column can lead to retropulsion of vertebral body fragments with significant canal compromise and @entity16 . Treatment of these more severe injuries becomes more difficult and is less well established. Functional outcomes and disability from @entity158 have not been examined. Previous reports on this subject have documented generally good results but have given few specific data regarding outcomes. We retrospectively report on a series of 10 @entity1 , from 1995 to 1998, with @entity3604 , which led to varying degrees of @entity16 . There were nine female and one male @entity1 with a mean age of 76 years. Nine of the 10 @entity1 presented more than 1 month following the onset of neurologic symptoms; 70% of the @entity174 occurred at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Mean loss of anterior column height was 59%, with significant @entity1513 (mean 28 degrees) in nine of the 10 @entity174 . Mean canal compromise was 41%. At presentation, seven @entity1 were Frankel grade D and three were Frankel grade C. All @entity1 were treated operatively with decompression and arthrodesis. Mean time to follow-up was 16 months. Six of the 10 @entity1 had improvement of their Frankel grade postoperatively and one deteriorated neurologically. Seven of the eight surviving @entity1 completed the Oswestry questionnaire with a mean score of 44%, representing severe disability secondary to @entity1643 . The Physical Component score of the SF-36 was at or below the national mean for each @entity1 . Complications were present in six of the eight surviving @entity1 . @entity3604 are not benign. Careful evaluation for @entity16 is warranted. Neurologic recovery occurred in six of the 10 @entity1 ; however, significant disability secondary to @entity158 was common.

title: XXXX with @entity16 .

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic vertebral burst fractures']


abstract: @entity703 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity5 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6393 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity5 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity703 . We here examined whether @entity6393 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity703 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity189 , and @entity1637 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity703 were negative for @entity6393 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6393 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity1358 than in other subtypes of @entity703 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity5 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity703 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity1358 up-regulate expression of @entity6393 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6393 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity1358 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity703 : @entity5 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to XXXX while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma tumor', 'clear cell renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6393 :: ('3135', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G', 'HLA-G']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma', 'Renal epithelial cancers', 'renal tumors', 'renal epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity703 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity5 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6393 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity5 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity703 . We here examined whether @entity6393 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity703 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity189 , and @entity1637 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity703 were negative for @entity6393 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6393 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity1358 than in other subtypes of @entity703 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity5 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity703 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity1358 up-regulate expression of @entity6393 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6393 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity1358 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in XXXX : @entity5 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity1358 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity703 .

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity703 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity5 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6393 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity5 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity703 . We here examined whether @entity6393 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity703 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity189 , and @entity1637 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity703 were negative for @entity6393 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6393 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity1358 than in other subtypes of @entity703 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity5 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity703 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity1358 up-regulate expression of @entity6393 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6393 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity1358 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity703 : @entity5 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity1358 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of XXXX .

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity703 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity5 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6393 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity5 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity703 . We here examined whether @entity6393 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity703 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity189 , and @entity1637 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity703 were negative for @entity6393 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6393 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity1358 than in other subtypes of @entity703 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity5 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity703 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity1358 up-regulate expression of @entity6393 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6393 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity1358 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in @entity703 : XXXX -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity1358 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity703 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity3954 is a morphogenic effector in the @entity1 pathogenic @entity375 @entity5132 . Depending on temperature, @entity3954 induces @entity375 -mycelial conversion or chlamydospore formation. @entity3954 is also a @entity505 source for growth in the @entity375 form. Germ-tube formation, i.e. the intermediary of @entity375 -mycelial conversion, is induced at temperatures in excess of 33 degrees C; at lower temperatures the @entity375 or the pseudomycelial form of the organism predominates. @entity897 , at concentrations which do not affect @entity375 growth, is a potent inhibitor of @entity3954 -induced germ-tube formation. @entity3954 suffices as both the inducer and the @entity505 sources for morphogenesis and both transcription and translation are required for the @entity375 to mycelial transition. The metabolism of @entity3954 is essentially the same for @entity375 phase cells (28 degrees C) and germ-tube forming cells (37 degrees C): enzymes for @entity3954 uptake and catabolism are equally well induced by gene expression at 28 degrees C and 37 degrees C. During germ-tube formation, the chitin content and the activity of the regulatory enzyme chitin synthase increase. Germ-tube formation in @entity5132 can also be induced gratuitously by a number of @entity48777 derivatives ( @entity3954 covalently linked to @entity3367 , @entity15389 , @entity4023 , colloidal chitin, and mucin). These compounds are not taken up by the @entity375 cells and do not support growth which suggests that germ-tube formation is triggered by a cell-surface receptor mechanism. It is proposed that, after binding to the receptor, @entity3954 produces an intracellular message which primes the cell for morphogenesis. This message would ultimately be responsible for the choice of the mode of growth, spherical versus apical, that is characteristic of @entity375 or mycelial form.

title: N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-induced morphogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity15389 :: ('MESH:C002022', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylmannosamine']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity48777 :: ('CHEBI:21601', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylhexosamine']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Myocardial function is enhanced by endurance exercise training, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this improved function remain unclear. A number of studies have shown that the characteristics of cardiac myocytes vary across the width of the ventricular wall. We have previously shown that endurance exercise training alters the @entity141 sensitivity of tension as well as contractile protein isoform expression in @entity35 cardiac myocytes. We tested the hypothesis that these effects of training are not uniform across the ventricular wall but are more pronounced in the subendocardial (Endo) region of the myocardium. Female @entity35 were divided into sedentary control (C) and exercise trained (T) groups. @entity28829 underwent 11 wk of progressive treadmill exercise. Myocytes were isolated from the Endo region of the myocardium and from the subepicardial (Epi) region of both T and C hearts. We found an increase in the @entity141 sensitivity of tension in T cells compared with C cells, but this difference was larger in the Endo cells than in the Epi cells. In addition, we found a training-induced increase in atrial myosin light chain 1 (aMLC1) expression that was larger in the Endo compared with Epi samples. We conclude that effects of exercise training on myocyte contractile and biochemical properties are greater in myocytes from the Endo region of the myocardium than those from the Epi region. In addition, these results provide evidence that the increase in aMLC1 expression may be responsible for some of the training-induced increase in myocyte @entity141 sensitivity of tension.

title: Regional differences in effects of exercise training on contractile and biochemical properties of XXXX cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: One hundred and fourteen strains of @entity5259 were isolated during presumptive plate-counts from 18 groups of industrialized, non-industrialized, crude or cooked food, belonging to 10 separate classes. Specific presumptive counts ranged from 10(2) to 6 X 10(3)/g or ml. Among these isolates, 13 strains were derived from 3 outbreaks of @entity6766 (involving a minimum of 57 @entity1 ), as determined by the assayed bacteriological quality of the ingested foods. As an adopted procedure to correlate @entity137 and ability to promote illness in @entity1 , culture fluids of all strains were assayed to determine their ability to increase vascular permeability ( @entity1412 ) to cause @entity39 in @entity95 skin and to kill albino @entity19 . @entity1412 was positive in 86.85% of the 114 strains, @entity204 of albino @entity19 occurred in 65.79% and a combination of @entity1412 and @entity204 was observed in 59.65%. @entity1412 plus @entity39 , or only @entity39 , occurred with 34.21% of the culture fluids. Death, @entity1412 and @entity204 with or without @entity39 , were demonstrated in the strains implicated with illness. This confirmed the known individuality of action exhibited by certain @entity5259 food-borne toxigenic factors. The low presumptive counts of this bacterium in the order of 10(2)-10(3)/g or ml found in food, implicated or not with illness, suggests that the recommended number of @entity5259 per g or ml of food sample should be reevaluated in our country. Furthermore, a wider range of food should be brought under bacteriological sanitary control for this species.

title: [Evaluation of the incidence and XXXX of samples of @entity5259 in various classes of foods sold and consumed in the State of Rio de Janeiro].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food poisoning']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus', 'B. cereus']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: One hundred and fourteen strains of @entity5259 were isolated during presumptive plate-counts from 18 groups of industrialized, non-industrialized, crude or cooked food, belonging to 10 separate classes. Specific presumptive counts ranged from 10(2) to 6 X 10(3)/g or ml. Among these isolates, 13 strains were derived from 3 outbreaks of @entity6766 (involving a minimum of 57 @entity1 ), as determined by the assayed bacteriological quality of the ingested foods. As an adopted procedure to correlate @entity137 and ability to promote illness in @entity1 , culture fluids of all strains were assayed to determine their ability to increase vascular permeability ( @entity1412 ) to cause @entity39 in @entity95 skin and to kill albino @entity19 . @entity1412 was positive in 86.85% of the 114 strains, @entity204 of albino @entity19 occurred in 65.79% and a combination of @entity1412 and @entity204 was observed in 59.65%. @entity1412 plus @entity39 , or only @entity39 , occurred with 34.21% of the culture fluids. Death, @entity1412 and @entity204 with or without @entity39 , were demonstrated in the strains implicated with illness. This confirmed the known individuality of action exhibited by certain @entity5259 food-borne toxigenic factors. The low presumptive counts of this bacterium in the order of 10(2)-10(3)/g or ml found in food, implicated or not with illness, suggests that the recommended number of @entity5259 per g or ml of food sample should be reevaluated in our country. Furthermore, a wider range of food should be brought under bacteriological sanitary control for this species.

title: [Evaluation of the incidence and @entity137 of samples of XXXX in various classes of foods sold and consumed in the State of Rio de Janeiro].

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['Bacillus cereus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, the new macrolide immunosuppressant, @entity1140 , was approved for the prevention and treatment of allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients in April 1996. This article summarizes efficacy and safety data for @entity1140 gathered since its approval. METHOD: Data from 1,007 @entity1 who received @entity1140 -based treatment after kidney transplantation at 35 leading Japanese transplant centers between April 1996 and December 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The renal transplants consisted of 856 living (756 @entity6910 compatible, 100 @entity6910 incompatible) and 151 cadaveric (146 non-heart-beating, 5 brain dead) donor grafts. Mean follow-up duration was 24.4 months. Overall @entity1 and graft survival rates were 98.4% and 94.8% at 1 year, 98.0% and 92.6% at 2 years, and 97.6% and 90.4% at 3 years, respectively. Graft survival rates in living and non-heart-beating donor graft transplantations were 95.9% and 88.8% at 1 year, 94.0% and 85.0% at 2 years, and 92.2% and 80.0% at 3 years, respectively. Graft survival rates in living @entity6910 -compatible donor graft transplantation ranged from 93.4% to 97.5%, and in @entity6910 -incompatible cases, rates were stable at 83.2% throughout the 3-year assessment period. Median serum @entity1011 levels ranged from 1.30 to 1.37 mg/dL during this time. Percentages of patients receiving antihyperlipidemics, antihypertensives, and insulin were 12.6%, 41.1%, and 6.5% at 1 year, respectively, and remained low at 3 years after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Three years of @entity1140 therapy demonstrated excellent efficacy and safety in more than 1,000 renal transplant recipients, including recipients of living @entity6910 -incompatible and non-heart-beating donor grafts, with favorable graft function maintained.

title: Outcome of 3 years of immunosuppression with XXXX in more than 1,000 renal transplant recipients in japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: @entity410 are common in the pediatric age group, and measurement of serum concentration of an antiepileptic drug (AED) is frequently ordered for @entity302 @entity1 in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the indications for, and consequences of, monitoring AED serum concentrations in the pediatric @entity341 . Charts of 116 @entity1 who visited the @entity341 and were tested for blood levels of AED were retrospectively reviewed. Main outcome measures were number and percentage of levels outside the therapeutic range, discontinuation of an AED or introduction of a new one, dosage modifications, and admission to hospital. Two pediatricians and a pediatric neurologist aware only of @entity1 ' age, weight, diagnosis, history, clinical presentation, and drug details reviewed each case and on the basis of predetermined criteria decided whether measurement of AED was indicated. Mean age (+/- SD) of the study population was 7 +/- 5 years (range, 2 months-17 years). Forty-two @entity1 (36%) were on monotherapy, and 74 (64%) were on polytherapy. Sixty-eight @entity1 (59%) presented with increased @entity410 frequency, 7 (6%) with @entity159 , and 13 (11%) with suspected AED @entity137 . The remainder of the @entity1 presented with problems unrelated to @entity302 . No significant difference was found between @entity1 with AED levels within the therapeutic range and those with levels outside it in the proportion of @entity1 needing dosage change, change in medication, or hospital admission (P = 0.5, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively). None of the @entity1 presenting with @entity159 and only 15% of those with increased @entity410 activity had subtherapeutic levels. Review of the cases suggested that measuring serum AED level was not indicated in 57 (49.1%) @entity1 . In the pediatric @entity341 , abnormal AED levels do not correlate with clinical management. Before ordering tests, physicians should consider whether their results would alter @entity1 treatment.

title: Utility of antiepileptic drug monitoring in the pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Convulsive disorders']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: The effect of @entity2997 , an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, on @entity146 , penile reflexes, and spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) in the @entity35 was studied by acute (i.e., 4 hours prior to testing) and daily IP injection of a low (5 mg/kg) and moderately high (25 mg/kg) dose of the drug. Acute low dose treatment eliminated the expulsion of a seminal plug with behavioral ejaculation without affecting @entity146 ; while acute high dose administration significantly decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and eliminated emission in copula and SSE for 3 days, with no evidence of @entity2754 . Acute high dose treatment also increased the number of long flips displayed in the penile reflex test, and resulted in significant @entity308 in plasma @entity251 (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Daily injection with the low dose eliminated emission in and ex copula for 4 weeks, without altering @entity146 or penile reflexes. Seminal emission in copula reappeared more rapidly after stopping injections than SSE. Chronic high dose treatment was also without effect on copulatory activity. There was a partial recovery of emission in copula by the fourth week of treatment, suggesting that a nonadrenergic mechanism had assumed this function. In penile reflex tests conducted after 4 and 8 weeks, significantly fewer erections were displayed by drug-treated animals. During the period of initial recovery of emission in copula, emission during the reflex test was markedly increased, but SSE was decreased. Plasma T was significantly suppressed after two and four weeks of daily injections, but not thereafter, while plasma LH levels were not affected by the drug.

title: Reproductive physiology and behavior in the male @entity35 following acute and chronic peripheral adrenergic depletion by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde ejaculation']

answer: @entity2997 :: (MESH:D006145,Chemical) :: ['guanethidine']


abstract: The effect of @entity2997 , an adrenergic neuron blocking agent, on @entity146 , penile reflexes, and spontaneous seminal emission (SSE) in the @entity35 was studied by acute (i.e., 4 hours prior to testing) and daily IP injection of a low (5 mg/kg) and moderately high (25 mg/kg) dose of the drug. Acute low dose treatment eliminated the expulsion of a seminal plug with behavioral ejaculation without affecting @entity146 ; while acute high dose administration significantly decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and eliminated emission in copula and SSE for 3 days, with no evidence of @entity2754 . Acute high dose treatment also increased the number of long flips displayed in the penile reflex test, and resulted in significant @entity308 in plasma @entity251 (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Daily injection with the low dose eliminated emission in and ex copula for 4 weeks, without altering @entity146 or penile reflexes. Seminal emission in copula reappeared more rapidly after stopping injections than SSE. Chronic high dose treatment was also without effect on copulatory activity. There was a partial recovery of emission in copula by the fourth week of treatment, suggesting that a nonadrenergic mechanism had assumed this function. In penile reflex tests conducted after 4 and 8 weeks, significantly fewer erections were displayed by drug-treated animals. During the period of initial recovery of emission in copula, emission during the reflex test was markedly increased, but SSE was decreased. Plasma T was significantly suppressed after two and four weeks of daily injections, but not thereafter, while plasma LH levels were not affected by the drug.

title: Reproductive physiology and behavior in the male XXXX following acute and chronic peripheral adrenergic depletion by @entity2997 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Bispectral Index Monitor has been validated as an objective measure of sedation depth in the operating room; however, its value for states other than general anesthesia remains unclear. We hypothesized that bispectral index monitoring would reliably correlate with traditional definitions of sedation depth in emergency department @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study we measured the Bispectral Index score and a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score every 5 minutes in a convenience sample of adult @entity2613 @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 . Investigators and treating physicians were blinded to Bispectral Index scores, which were later correlated with modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the most discriminatory Bispectral Index score thresholds for sedation depth. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy paired readings were obtained from 37 @entity1 . Despite being statistically significant (P <.0005), the correlation between the Bispectral Index Monitor and modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores was only moderate (Spearman rho=-0.690) and displayed wide variability. A modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with mild-to-moderate sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 34 (general anesthesia) to 98 (fully awake), whereas a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with deep sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 40 to 98. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated moderate (0.83 to 0.86) discriminatory power at all modified Ramsay Sedation Scale thresholds, with the exception of a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 7 or less, which demonstrated high discriminatory power (0.95). A Bispectral Index score of greater than 83 reliably excluded general anesthesia, and a Bispectral Index score of 70 or less reliably identified general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Bispectral index monitoring reliably predicted @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 who were sedated to the point of general anesthesia from those with lesser degrees of sedation but did not discriminate mild-to-moderate sedation or moderate-to-deep sedation, as measured by the Ramsay Sedation Scale score for the @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 in our @entity2613 .

title: A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dividing or "laying open" of the tract for @entity9292 is simple and effective and entails low risk of complication, but little is known of the functional and manometric results. This study assessed the clinical and manometric effect of this surgery on anal sphincter function. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study examined 45 adults undergoing surgical treatment for intersphincteral @entity292 . We administered the questionnaire for continence score and performed anorectal manometry before the operation and at least 6 months after the operation. The operative method was laying open of the @entity292 tract and trimming the redundant anoderm for adequate drainage of the wound in all cases. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in maximal resting anal pressure and in resting pressure throughout the distal 2 cm of the anal canal after operation. The maximal contractile pressure after operation was similar to that before operation. Continence control was significantly poorer in @entity1 and @entity1 who had lower preoperative resting pressure. Multivariate analysis showed lower preoperative resting pressure to be the only independent factor for impaired continence control after @entity292 surgery. CONCLUSION: Although laying open of the @entity292 tract is a simple and effective therapy for @entity9292 , it should be more conservative for @entity1 with low resting anal pressure.

title: Change in anal continence after surgery for XXXX : a functional and manometric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['intersphincteral type anal fistula']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['intersphincteral anal fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity1313 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity12707 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity65 among @entity12707 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity12707 @entity1 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity1 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity12707 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity12707 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity1375 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity2338 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity170 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity65 were reported by 18% of @entity12707 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity64 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity4461 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity951 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity5 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity65 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity137 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and XXXX among adult survivors of childhood @entity1313 : @entity5 Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Childhood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular conditions', 'cardiovascular late effects']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular late effects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity1313 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity12707 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity65 among @entity12707 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity12707 @entity1 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity1 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity12707 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity12707 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity1375 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity2338 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity170 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity65 were reported by 18% of @entity12707 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity64 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity4461 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity951 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity5 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity65 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity137 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and @entity65 among adult survivors of childhood XXXX : @entity5 Survivor Study.

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity1313 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity12707 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity65 among @entity12707 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity12707 @entity1 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity1 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity12707 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity12707 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity1375 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity2338 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity170 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity65 were reported by 18% of @entity12707 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity64 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity4461 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity951 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity5 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity65 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity137 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and @entity65 among adult survivors of childhood @entity1313 : XXXX Survivor Study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: MOTIVATION: @entity5 is well known to be the end result of somatic mutations that disrupt normal cell division. The number of such mutations that have to be accumulated in a cell before @entity5 develops depends on the type of @entity5 . The waiting time T(m) until the appearance of m mutations in a cell is thus an important quantity in population genetics models of @entity105 . Such models are often difficult to analyze theoretically because of the complex interactions of mutation, drift and selection. They are also computationally expensive to simulate because of the large number of cells and the low mutation rate. RESULTS: We develop an efficient algorithm for simulating the waiting time T(m) until m mutations under a population genetics model of @entity5 development. We use an exact algorithm to simulate evolution of small cell populations and coarse-grained   -leaping approximation to handle large populations. We compared our hybrid simulation algorithm with the exact algorithm in small populations and with available asymptotic results for large populations. The comparison suggested that our algorithm is accurate and computationally efficient. We used the algorithm to study the waiting time for up to 20 mutations under a Moran model with variable population sizes. Our new algorithm may be useful for studying realistic models of @entity105 , which incorporates variable mutation rates and fitness effects.

title: Efficient simulation under a population genetics model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the cooperative laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques used for the resection of upper @entity1820 . METHODS: A systematic research of the literature was performed in PubMed for English and French language articles about laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative, combined, hybrid and rendezvous techniques. Only original studies using these techniques for the resection of early gastric @entity5 and @entity674 of the stomach and the duodenum were included. By excluding case series of less than 10 @entity1 , 25 studies were identified. The study design, number of cases, @entity5 pathology size and location, the operative technique name, the endoscopy team and surgical team role, operative time, type of closure of visceral wall defect, @entity190 , complications and length of hospital stay of these studies were evaluated. Additionally all cooperative techniques found were classified and are presented in a systematic approach. RESULTS: The studies identified were case series and retrospective cohort studies. A total of 706 @entity1 were operated on with a cooperative technique. The @entity5 resected were only @entity674 ( @entity674 ) in 4 studies, @entity674 and various benign @entity5 in 22 studies, early @entity356 (pT1a and pT1b) in 6 studies and early @entity5 in 1 study. There was important heterogeneity between the studies. The operative techniques identified were: laparoscopic assisted endoscopic resection, endoscopic assisted wedge resection, endoscopic assisted transgastric and intragastric surgery, laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS), laparoscopic assisted endoscopic full thickness resection (LAEFR), clean non exposure technique and non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery (NEWS). Each technique is illustrated with the roles of the endoscopic and laparoscopic teams; the indications, characteristics and short term results are described. CONCLUSION: Along with the traditional cooperative techniques, new procedures like LECS, LAEFR and NEWS hold great promise for the future of minimally invasive oncologic procedures.

title: Cooperative laparoscopic endoscopic and hybrid laparoscopic surgery for upper XXXX : Current status.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal cancer', 'tumor', 'submucosal tumors', 'cancer, benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes and complications of @entity1 with @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) treated with pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a case series of 24 eyes of 21 @entity1 at a single tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. A review was carried out on @entity1 who underwent @entity2286 for the management of @entity1713 due to proliferative @entity6 from October 2011 to November 2013. Preoperative and final visual outcomes, @entity260 , and medical background were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity61897 instrumentation was used in 23 eyes (95.8%), and a 25 G instrumentation in one (4.2%). Mean postoperative follow-up time was 13.3 months (4-30 months). Visual acuity significantly improved from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) 1.48 to LogMAR 1.05 (P<0.05). Visual acuity improved by >= 3 lines in 75% of @entity1 . Intraoperative complications included @entity937 in seven eyes (22.9%) and vitreal @entity548 in nine eyes (37.5%). In two eyes, one sclerotomy was enlarged to 20 G (8.3%). @entity260 included reoperation in five eyes (20.8%) due to persistent subretinal fluid (n=3), @entity548 (n=1), and @entity2790 (n=1). Thirteen @entity1 (54.2%) had postoperative @entity548 that cleared spontaneously, five @entity1 (20.8%) required antiglaucoma medications for @entity2790 , seven @entity1 (29.2%) developed an epiretinal membrane, and two @entity1 (8.3%) developed a macular hole. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1713 can benefit from @entity2286 surgery. Intraoperative and @entity260 can be attributed to the complexity of this disease.

title: Advantages of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic retinal breaks']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'diabetic TRD', 'diabetic tractional retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['dislocated intraocular lens', 'increased intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['diabetic tractional retinal detachment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 15-year-old female @entity1 presented to the emergency room with @entity391 and @entity490 . She had two similar attacks in the previous three months both of them were diagnosed as @entity788 in two different hospitals. On admission, her serum @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels were very high. CT scan revealed left inferior @entity3243 . Investigations to rule out possible @entity3018 were all negative. The @entity1 was managed by intravenous fluids and @entity1483 to lower her serum @entity460 level. Then, left inferior parathyroidectomy was done. Postoperatively, the @entity1 had @entity79 with severe hypocalcaemia and was managed by intravenous @entity460 infusion for five days in the intensive care unit. Later, she was kept on oral @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation. She became symptom-free and her serum @entity460 improved gradually.

title: Primary hyperparathyroidism presenting with acute XXXX and asymptomatic bone involvement.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['hungry bone syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cirrhotic @entity1 with 89 hepatocellular nodules underwent SWI. The radiological features of hepatocellular nodules on SWI were classified into three types: type A (iso- or hypointensity, and background @entity409 ), type B (hyperintensity, and background @entity409 ), or type C (hyperintensity, and no background @entity409 ). Intranodular and background liver @entity68 content was quantified and correlated with SWI pattern. Prussian blue staining was performed to quantify intranodular and background liver @entity68 content. RESULTS: Type A pattern (n = 12) contained 11 (91.7%) DNs and 1 (8.3%) @entity157 , Type B pattern (n = 66) comprised 1 (1.5%) @entity9384 and 65 (98.5%) @entity5462 (including 12 @entity9384 - @entity5462 and 53 overt @entity5462 ), and type C pattern (n = 11) was exclusively seen in @entity5462 . The @entity68 scores of @entity9384 - @entity5462 and overt @entity5462 were significantly lower than those of background livers [(0.091  0.30) VS (2.18  0.87), P = 0.000; (0.11  0.41) VS (2.16  0.97), P = 0.000; respectively]. There was no significant difference between @entity68 scores of DNs and those of background livers [(1.92  0.29) VS (2.17  039), P = 0.191]. For lesion-based and @entity1 -based analysis of @entity5462 ( @entity9384 - @entity5462 and overt @entity5462 ), type B pattern showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicative value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predicative value (NPV) of 84.4% and 84.4%, 91.7% and 75%, 85.4% and 83.8%, 98.5% and 98.2%, 47.8% and 23.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: SWI can provide valuable information for characterization of @entity157 and @entity9384 based on endogenous @entity68 reduction during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Detection of Endogenous XXXX Reduction during Hepatocarcinogenesis at Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging: Value for Characterization of @entity157 and Dysplastic Nodule in Cirrhotic Liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver siderosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'dysplastic nodule']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['Iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) for characterization of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cirrhotic @entity1 with 89 hepatocellular nodules underwent SWI. The radiological features of hepatocellular nodules on SWI were classified into three types: type A (iso- or hypointensity, and background @entity409 ), type B (hyperintensity, and background @entity409 ), or type C (hyperintensity, and no background @entity409 ). Intranodular and background liver @entity68 content was quantified and correlated with SWI pattern. Prussian blue staining was performed to quantify intranodular and background liver @entity68 content. RESULTS: Type A pattern (n = 12) contained 11 (91.7%) DNs and 1 (8.3%) @entity157 , Type B pattern (n = 66) comprised 1 (1.5%) @entity9384 and 65 (98.5%) @entity5462 (including 12 @entity9384 - @entity5462 and 53 overt @entity5462 ), and type C pattern (n = 11) was exclusively seen in @entity5462 . The @entity68 scores of @entity9384 - @entity5462 and overt @entity5462 were significantly lower than those of background livers [(0.091  0.30) VS (2.18  0.87), P = 0.000; (0.11  0.41) VS (2.16  0.97), P = 0.000; respectively]. There was no significant difference between @entity68 scores of DNs and those of background livers [(1.92  0.29) VS (2.17  039), P = 0.191]. For lesion-based and @entity1 -based analysis of @entity5462 ( @entity9384 - @entity5462 and overt @entity5462 ), type B pattern showed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predicative value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predicative value (NPV) of 84.4% and 84.4%, 91.7% and 75%, 85.4% and 83.8%, 98.5% and 98.2%, 47.8% and 23.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: SWI can provide valuable information for characterization of @entity157 and @entity9384 based on endogenous @entity68 reduction during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Detection of Endogenous @entity68 Reduction during Hepatocarcinogenesis at Susceptibility-Weighted MR Imaging: Value for Characterization of XXXX and Dysplastic Nodule in Cirrhotic Liver.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: The ability to generate @entity1 -specific @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a new paradigm for modelling @entity1 disease and for individualizing drug testing. @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) is a @entity72312 characterized by abnormal ion channel function and @entity1164 . Here we report the development of a @entity1 /disease-specific @entity1 iPSC line from a @entity1 with type-2 @entity1162 (which is due to the @entity72313 missense mutation in the @entity9678 gene). The generated iPSCs were coaxed to differentiate into the cardiac lineage. Detailed whole-cell patch-clamp and extracellular multielectrode recordings revealed significant prolongation of the action-potential duration in @entity1162 @entity1 iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (the characteristic @entity1162 phenotype) when compared to healthy control cells. Voltage-clamp studies confirmed that this action-potential-duration prolongation stems from a significant reduction of the cardiac @entity972 current I(Kr). Importantly, @entity1162 -derived cells also showed marked arrhythmogenicity, characterized by early-after depolarizations and triggered @entity943 . We then used the @entity1162 @entity1 iPSC-derived cardiac-tissue model to evaluate the potency of existing and novel pharmacological agents that may either aggravate ( @entity972 -channel blockers) or ameliorate ( @entity460 -channel blockers, K( @entity855 )-channel openers and late @entity1372 -channel blockers) the disease phenotype. Our study illustrates the ability of @entity1 iPSC technology to model the abnormal functional phenotype of an @entity74 and to identify potential new therapeutic agents. As such, it represents a promising paradigm to study disease mechanisms, optimize @entity1 care (personalized medicine), and aid in the development of new therapies.

title: Modelling the XXXX with induced pluripotent stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity72312 :: ('MESH:C566254', 'Disease') :: ['familial arrhythmogenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited cardiac disorder']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital long QT syndrome', 'LQTS']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['long QT syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity23351 ( @entity23351 ) remains a significant burden of @entity1939 . Because of its immune mediated and chronic recurrent nature, common therapy includes (systemic) @entity288 and immune modulatory agents. Most treatments bear the risk of significant adverse effects. Therefore efforts are made to administer therapeutic agents directly into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of intravitreally applied @entity3446 as a recently approved therapeutic option in @entity23351 . Areas covered: A MEDLINE database search was conducted through August 2015 using the terms: intravitreal injection, pharmacology, @entity3446 , treatment, and @entity1596 . To provide ongoing and future perspectives in treatment options, also clinical trials as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov were included. @entity3446 (Opsiria) was in licensed from SANTEN in 2015 and approved in Phase III registration trials in the U.S., Europe and other countries for @entity23351 . Current information results mainly from registration and phase III trials. Expert opinion: Intravitreal @entity3446 appears to be an interesting option in the treatment algorithms of @entity23351 because of its highly targeted molecular effects, nonsteroidal nature and good safety profile. It has the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, but this has to be balanced against the fact that treatment covers one eye only and bears the risks of any intraocular procedure. Nevertheless a careful evaluation of this agent has to be made, since current experience is almost exclusively based on registration trials, and long term effects still have to be explored.

title: @entity3446 for the treatment of noninfectious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['Noninfectious posterior uveitis', 'NIPU']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity23351 ( @entity23351 ) remains a significant burden of @entity1939 . Because of its immune mediated and chronic recurrent nature, common therapy includes (systemic) @entity288 and immune modulatory agents. Most treatments bear the risk of significant adverse effects. Therefore efforts are made to administer therapeutic agents directly into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of intravitreally applied @entity3446 as a recently approved therapeutic option in @entity23351 . Areas covered: A MEDLINE database search was conducted through August 2015 using the terms: intravitreal injection, pharmacology, @entity3446 , treatment, and @entity1596 . To provide ongoing and future perspectives in treatment options, also clinical trials as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov were included. @entity3446 (Opsiria) was in licensed from SANTEN in 2015 and approved in Phase III registration trials in the U.S., Europe and other countries for @entity23351 . Current information results mainly from registration and phase III trials. Expert opinion: Intravitreal @entity3446 appears to be an interesting option in the treatment algorithms of @entity23351 because of its highly targeted molecular effects, nonsteroidal nature and good safety profile. It has the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, but this has to be balanced against the fact that treatment covers one eye only and bears the risks of any intraocular procedure. Nevertheless a careful evaluation of this agent has to be made, since current experience is almost exclusively based on registration trials, and long term effects still have to be explored.

title: XXXX for the treatment of noninfectious @entity1596 .

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The homing of @entity263 to bone is a nonrandom, multistep process. Previous studies have revealed significant insights into how @entity5 cells can interact with the host microenvironment. In this communication, the author summarizes recent studies from his institution and draws conclusions from data published by others pertaining to the biologic and therapeutic implications of bone @entity3 from @entity263 . METHODS: Tumor models have been established to study cellular interaction between @entity1 @entity263 cells and bone stroma under two-dimensional and three-dimensional conditions. At the author's institution, experiments were conducted to show that @entity263 cell growth and survival are enhanced in coculture with pleuripotent bone stromal cells. A cotargeting concept for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity263 bone @entity3 is introduced. RESULTS: Both genotypical and phenotypical responses were observed to @entity5 epithelium when it was cocultured under three-dimensional conditions. A "vicious cycle" that was mediated by soluble and insoluble molecules secreted by @entity5 and bone may be the key to supporting and sustaining @entity5 colonization in bone. Cotargeting @entity5 and stroma has yielded promising results, both in preclinical models of @entity263 bone @entity3 and in the clinic with @entity1 who were treated with a dual @entity5 -targeting and bone-targeting strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding and targeting the interaction of @entity5 cells and bone stroma may improve the prognosis, reduce the suffering, and increase the survival of @entity1 with advanced bone @entity3 as a consequence of @entity263 .

title: XXXX bone-stroma interaction and its biologic and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .

title: @entity8781 and @entity12610 participate in the cell growth of @entity8025 endothelium in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['idoxuridine']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar capillary']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .

title: @entity8781 and XXXX participate in the cell growth of @entity8025 endothelium in primary @entity2220 .

answer: @entity12610 :: (2150,Gene) :: ['PAR-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .

title: XXXX and @entity12610 participate in the cell growth of @entity8025 endothelium in primary @entity2220 .

answer: @entity8781 :: (2149,Gene) :: ['Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .

title: @entity8781 and @entity12610 participate in the cell growth of XXXX endothelium in primary @entity2220 .

answer: @entity8025 :: (MESH:C536590,Disease) :: ['alveolar capillary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Argan is used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products, as this fruit is supposed to have many beneficial properties on health. New cases of @entity566 can be expected with the growing use of argan. We investigated all workers (9) employed by a cosmetic factory and exposed to argan powder to identify possible @entity566 related to exposure to argan powder. METHODS: @entity1 were investigated in the occupational disease department and, according to their symptoms, underwent pulmonary function testing, @entity2710 challenge, specific inhalation challenge to argan powder, skin prick tests and immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS: We report three cases of @entity7446 to argan powder and a probable case of @entity2490 . Fifteen argan proteins were recognized by the @entity1 ' IgE. Identification of proteins, cross-reactions to nuts and ELISA inhibition tests suggested that some argan allergens can cross-react in vitro with hazelnut allergens, including 11S globulin and vicilin. CONCLUSION: High-level exposure to argan powder should be considered to be a potential cause of IgE-mediated @entity566 and workers handling argan powder should be carefully investigated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: First evidence of XXXX to argan powder in a cosmetic factory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity7446 :: (MESH:D059366,Disease) :: ['occupational asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of @entity385 is highly dependent on the lesion location, it has rarely been quantitatively utilized. We investigated the usefulness of regional extent of @entity2806 (rEIL) predicting the improvement of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in @entity1 with @entity1416 . METHODS: The rEILs were measured in each individual cortex after transforming the lesions to a standard atlas. Significant improvement of @entity227 was tentatively defined as 20% improvement at 3 months after @entity64 . The performances of clinical and imaging variables predicting significant improvement were measured by support vector machine. The maximum performance of variables predicting the significant improvement was compared between subgroups of variables (clinical, baseline severity and lesion volume) and the effect of adding rEIL to those subgroups of variables was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 35 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. @entity1416 , MR-time from onset, rEILs in the lingual, calcarine, and cuneus cortices were good prognostic indicators of hemi- @entity227 (performance for predicting the significant improvement: 72.8  11.8%, 66.1  11.2%, respectively). A combination of the rEILs of each cortical subregions demonstrated a better predictive performance for hemi- @entity227 (83.8  9.5%) compared to a combination of clinical variables (72.8  11.8; p<0.001), baseline severity (63.0  11.9%; p<0.001), or lesion volume (62.6  12.7%; p<0.001). Adding a rEIL to other variables improved the prognostic prediction for hemi- @entity227 (74.4  11.6% to 91.3  7.7%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An estimation of rEIL provides useful information regarding the @entity2806 location. rEIL accurately predicts the significant improvement of @entity227 and enhances the prediction power when combined with other variables.

title: Lesion Location-Based Prediction of Visual Field Improvement after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'VFD']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Left PCA infarct', 'posterior cerebral artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previously published study found positive outcomes for a novel technique for ultrasound-guided percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy, showing good tolerability, safety, and early efficacy within an office setting. PURPOSE: In this follow-up study, all 20 members of the original cohort were contacted after 3 years to explore the sustainability of symptomatic relief, functional improvement, and sonographic soft tissue response for percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: All 20 subjects of the clinical trial that was performed from June to November 2011 were further assessed at 36 months after the procedure in terms of visual analog scale for @entity158 , Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)-Compulsory/Work scores, need for adjunct procedures, and overall satisfaction. Importantly, all 20 were reassessed with ultrasound imaging at 36 months, and evidence of the common extensor tendon response was assessed in terms of @entity924 , tendon thickness, and the progress of the @entity3145 . RESULTS: A 100% clinical follow-up was achieved, inclusive of ultrasonographic assessment. None of the subjects required further treatment procedures, and 100% expressed satisfaction. Previous improvements in visual analog scale (current median    SD, 0    0.9; range, 0-3) and DASH-Work scores (current median, 0    0) were sustained with conformity to a linear pattern on polynomial measures. There was further reduction in DASH-Compulsory scores to a median of 0    0.644 (range, 0-2) with a significant decrease on repeated measures (P = .008). Tendon hypervascularity was resolved in 94% of @entity1 , and 100% had @entity924 . Overall reduction in the @entity3145 was observed in all subjects, with a 90% response achieved by 6 months. Between 6 and 36 months, further @entity2318 was observed in around 60% of @entity1 , with 20% of @entity1 having complete resolution of the @entity2318 . CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive percutaneous ultrasonic tenotomy provided sustained @entity158 relief and functional improvement for recalcitrant @entity2633 elbow at 3-year follow-up. It is one of the few procedures to demonstrate positive sonographic evidence of tissue-healing response and is an attractive alternative to surgical intervention for definitive treatment of @entity924 .

title: Ultrasonic Percutaneous Tenotomy for Recalcitrant XXXX : Sustainability and Sonographic Progression at 3 Years.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the scar', 'hypoechoic scar']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon hypervascularity', 'reduction in tendon thickness', 'recalcitrant elbow tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy']


abstract: The effects of intra-operative @entity2400 on @entity158 relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 @entity1 . @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) @entity2400 or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and @entity1937 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated using @entity2898 . Maintenance was achieved with @entity1937 and @entity2614 in @entity3810 / @entity26 . Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, @entity4094 recovery was longer in the @entity1760 group. @entity86 and @entity158 scores were lower in the @entity1760 group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the @entity1760 group. The results of the study support @entity2400 as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.

title: Effect of intra-operative XXXX on @entity158 relief and @entity1 comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative opioid consumption']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity2400 :: (CHEBI:32599,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulphate']


abstract: The effects of intra-operative @entity2400 on @entity158 relief after major lumbar surgery were investigated in 24 @entity1 . @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either an infusion of 50 mg x kg(-1) @entity2400 or an equivalent volume of saline at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and @entity1937 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated using @entity2898 . Maintenance was achieved with @entity1937 and @entity2614 in @entity3810 / @entity26 . Intra-operative monitoring included standard equipment and neuromuscular transmission. During surgery, @entity4094 recovery was longer in the @entity1760 group. @entity86 and @entity158 scores were lower in the @entity1760 group. The first night's sleep and the global satisfaction scores were better in the @entity1760 group. The results of the study support @entity2400 as a useful adjuvant for postoperative analgesia after major lumbar surgery.

title: Effect of intra-operative @entity2400 on XXXX relief and @entity1 comfort after major lumbar orthopaedic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']