abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity661 ( @entity661 ) is increasingly recognised in @entity1 presenting with features of @entity1187 . We present a single centre experience of @entity661 with medium term follow up. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 presenting with a diagnosis of @entity661 were included. The clinical presentation, complications, baseline and follow-up echocardiograms and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were female. A stressful event preceded presentation in 37 (71%) @entity1 . @entity662 was the most common symptom (83%). Two @entity1 presented with an out-of-hospital @entity1167 . ST segment elevation (40%) and global T wave inversion (44%) were the most frequent electrocardiogram changes. Left ventricular assessment demonstrated typical apical ballooning in 41 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 demonstrated the mid-wall variant. In-hospital complications occurred in 11 @entity1 (21%) and included @entity4 (n = 2), @entity1455 (n = 5); two of whom had a significant left ventricular outflow gradient, @entity955 (n = 1), @entity1002 (n = 2) and a cerebrovascular event (n = 2). Left ventricular function at presentation and follow up was compared in 40 @entity1 . The mean ejection fraction in this group at presentation was 47% (20-70%) compared with that at follow up of 63% (44-76%). There were no significant complications or recurrences at follow up. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity661 is a reversible condition with low rates of complications and recurrence at follow up it is, as demonstrated in our cohort, associated with significant in-hospital morbidity in a proportion of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : an Australian single centre experience with medium term follow up.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['Takotsubo cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixed @entity386 share both central and obstructive components and are often treated as if they are obstructive events. The hypothesis is that @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity18130 ) who exhibit a majority of mixed @entity386 will differ in ventilatory control from those with predominantly obstructive @entity386 during wakefulness; moreover, this difference could affect nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. METHODS: In a retrospectively derived case-control study, 5 min of respiratory inductance plethysmography signals during wakefulness prior to sleep onset were extracted from a diagnostic polysomnogram in these groups: (1) mixed @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 (mix- @entity18130 ) (n = 36), (2) obstructive @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 ( @entity18130 ) (n = 20), (3) central @entity387 (pure-CSAS) (n = 6), and (4) control subjects (n = 10). Breathing patterning was compared between the groups using the coefficient of variation (CV) for breath-to-breath inspiration time (TI), expiration time (TE), TI + TE (Ttot), and tidal volume, and an information theory-based metric of signal pattern variability (sample entropy). Subsequent CPAP adherence over 12 months was determined in @entity18130 groups. RESULTS: Breath-to-breath CV parameters and sample entropy in the mix- @entity18130 group were significantly greater as compared with the @entity18130 and control groups. In a subanalysis, CV and sample entropy were similar in the mix- @entity18130 and the pure-CSAS groups. CPAP adherence was significantly poorer in mix- @entity18130 compared with @entity18130 . CONCLUSIONS: During wakefulness, both breath patterning and sample entropy in mix- @entity18130 are similar to pure-CSAS and more variable than in @entity18130 . In addition, CPAP adherence was decreased in @entity1 with mix- @entity18130 , which may be related to basic differences in respiratory control.

title: Differences in breathing patterning during wakefulness in @entity1 with mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-dominant sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['apnea-dominant vs obstructive-dominant sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixed @entity386 share both central and obstructive components and are often treated as if they are obstructive events. The hypothesis is that @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity18130 ) who exhibit a majority of mixed @entity386 will differ in ventilatory control from those with predominantly obstructive @entity386 during wakefulness; moreover, this difference could affect nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. METHODS: In a retrospectively derived case-control study, 5 min of respiratory inductance plethysmography signals during wakefulness prior to sleep onset were extracted from a diagnostic polysomnogram in these groups: (1) mixed @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 (mix- @entity18130 ) (n = 36), (2) obstructive @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 ( @entity18130 ) (n = 20), (3) central @entity387 (pure-CSAS) (n = 6), and (4) control subjects (n = 10). Breathing patterning was compared between the groups using the coefficient of variation (CV) for breath-to-breath inspiration time (TI), expiration time (TE), TI + TE (Ttot), and tidal volume, and an information theory-based metric of signal pattern variability (sample entropy). Subsequent CPAP adherence over 12 months was determined in @entity18130 groups. RESULTS: Breath-to-breath CV parameters and sample entropy in the mix- @entity18130 group were significantly greater as compared with the @entity18130 and control groups. In a subanalysis, CV and sample entropy were similar in the mix- @entity18130 and the pure-CSAS groups. CPAP adherence was significantly poorer in mix- @entity18130 compared with @entity18130 . CONCLUSIONS: During wakefulness, both breath patterning and sample entropy in mix- @entity18130 are similar to pure-CSAS and more variable than in @entity18130 . In addition, CPAP adherence was decreased in @entity1 with mix- @entity18130 , which may be related to basic differences in respiratory control.

title: Differences in breathing patterning during wakefulness in XXXX with mixed @entity27 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial @entity731 is especially prevalent in Asians, but intracranial stent placement and medical treatment for severe @entity932 are controversial. Thus, we compared long-term outcomes of these 2 therapeutic approaches in an Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with angiographically proved severe (>= 70%) symptomatic @entity4522 , with or without stent placement, were retrospectively reviewed at a single center between 2002 and 2009, with adjustments for age, sex, vascular risk factors, degree of baseline @entity850 , and baseline functional status. RESULTS: Of the 114 @entity1 followed from 3 to 36 months (mean, 17.3 months) after initial diagnosis, 53 received 56 stents in addition to medical treatment (stent-placement group), and 61 matched @entity1 received only medical treatment (medical group). Total clinical events, including @entity64 , @entity4905 , and @entity204 , were 12 (22.6%) and 15 (24.6%) in the stent-placement and medical groups, respectively (P = .99). The stent-placement group had significantly better functional outcomes than the medical group (94.3% versus 78.7% for mRS scores of 0-3, P = .045). Most events in the stent-placement group occurred within the first week of the periprocedural period (17.0%) as minor embolic or perforator @entity1188 , and the rate of events decreased thereafter (5.7%, P = .07). Stent placement over the perforator-rich MCA and BA independently predicted periprocedural events on multivariate regression analysis. In the medical group, events increased in frequency (21.7%) and severity with time. CONCLUSIONS: Although the total @entity63 event rate was similar in the 2 groups during a 3-year follow-up, the stent-placement group had a more favorable functional outcome despite minor periprocedural @entity64 .

title: Stenting versus medical treatment for severe symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['vascular death']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial stenosis']


abstract: @entity3569 Don cells in log-phase were exposed to Colcemid during the G2 period with and without a combination of divalent cation chelators and mitochondrial inhibitors. Isolated metaphase cells were incubated as follows: (i) without Colcemid but with other agents and the progression was monitored from metaphase (M) to telophase (Tel) and to cell division; (ii) with @entity49030 and other agents and the rate of micronuclei formation in the absence of anaphase was studied. Both @entity1098 and @entity4527 accelerated the progression from M to Tel, but did not affect the overall rate of cell division. @entity2755 (CAP), an inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, blocked the effect of the chelators and also retarded the progression. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, @entity8581 (AA), also retarded the progression in the absence of the chelators and prevented the promoting effect of the chelators. A stimulator of ATPase for @entity855 breakdown. @entity3212 ( @entity3213 ), accelerated the M to Tel progression. @entity2755 (CAP) and AA, as well as @entity3213 , appeared to have little effect on the formation of micronuclei in the presence of Colcemid. @entity4527 , which affects cell surface @entity141 , stimulated the formation of micronuclei. This study indicates that @entity141 ions and mitochondrial function are involved in the regulation of a certain segment of mitosis beyond metaphase, with @entity141 sequestration in the mitochondria and chelation of @entity141 by @entity4527 as dominant factors.

title: Effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on metaphase-telophase progression and nuclear membrane formation in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['Antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: Twenty-six, ten-week-old mink were infected by force feeding by pipette 2 ml of a tissue suspension containing a Wisconsin strain of @entity778 . Four days later, @entity294 and partial or complete loss of appetite developed simultaneously in all of the animals. @entity391 were also observed. By the sixth day after inoculation, all of the mink were anorectic and weak. @entity448 persisted for 48 to 96 hours. @entity294 and @entity391 continued until the eighth to ninth day after exposure. For the first two days after the appearance of @entity294 , the feces contained large quantities of mucus and intestinal casts were seen frequently in the droppings. Thereafter, the feces consisted mostly of yellowish green, watery fluid and contained no casts. Some of the animals died on the eighth day after @entity281 . Those which survived were severely dehydrated and debilitated, but resumed eating and achieved complete clinical recovery within the next five to six days. @entity1431 , i.e., total leukocyte count of less than 5,000 cells per mm(3) of blood, was found in seven of nine mink examined during the height of the disease. Leukopenic animals were @entity37272 and neutrophils.

title: Some clinical and hematological features of XXXX of mink.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['mink enteritis virus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'Squinting and occasional vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity37272 :: ('MESH:C566079', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both lymphocytes']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus enteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between dynamic change of electrogastrogram (EGG) with @entity1319 of antrum during migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle in @entity392 and @entity2210 , and to verify whether a 100% coupling of electrical and mechanical events existed after meal. METHODS: Eleven @entity392 ( @entity392 ) and 14 @entity1 with @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ) were studied. An 8-channel Dent-sleeve catheter was positioned under fluoroscopic guidance across antropyloroduodenal region and bipolar electrodes were attached to the skin corresponding to the location of antrum. Antropyloroduodenal pressure waves and electrical signals were transferred simultaneously to PC Polygraph ( @entity5939 ) and recorded for 3 hours preprandially and 2 hours after ingestion of 40 g solid meal (336 kJ). The power of EGG and @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) of antral contractions were calculated as the area under curve (AUC) by a build-in computer program. RESULTS: The power increases of EGG increased significantly in phase II (P < 0.01), phase III (P < 0.01) and after meal (P < 0.01) compared with phase I in @entity392 , however, this dynamic increase was not found in @entity2210 . The power of EGG was positively correlated with the @entity1319 of antrum both in @entity392 (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and in @entity2210 (r = 0.79, P < 0.01) during the interdigestive period. A significant increase of EGG power after meal was found in @entity392 , which corresponded to the degree of phase III and kept stable for the whole postprandial period. In contrast, power increase was not found in @entity2210 except during 30 min after test meal. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged cutaneous EGG recording can reflect the periodic variation of @entity1139 cycle. EGG response in @entity392 but not in @entity2210 after meal is characterized as persistent increase which is corresponded to phase III.

title: [Electrogastograph during interdigestive and digestive stages in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility index', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia', 'FD']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['functional dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between dynamic change of electrogastrogram (EGG) with @entity1319 of antrum during migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle in @entity392 and @entity2210 , and to verify whether a 100% coupling of electrical and mechanical events existed after meal. METHODS: Eleven @entity392 ( @entity392 ) and 14 @entity1 with @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ) were studied. An 8-channel Dent-sleeve catheter was positioned under fluoroscopic guidance across antropyloroduodenal region and bipolar electrodes were attached to the skin corresponding to the location of antrum. Antropyloroduodenal pressure waves and electrical signals were transferred simultaneously to PC Polygraph ( @entity5939 ) and recorded for 3 hours preprandially and 2 hours after ingestion of 40 g solid meal (336 kJ). The power of EGG and @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) of antral contractions were calculated as the area under curve (AUC) by a build-in computer program. RESULTS: The power increases of EGG increased significantly in phase II (P < 0.01), phase III (P < 0.01) and after meal (P < 0.01) compared with phase I in @entity392 , however, this dynamic increase was not found in @entity2210 . The power of EGG was positively correlated with the @entity1319 of antrum both in @entity392 (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and in @entity2210 (r = 0.79, P < 0.01) during the interdigestive period. A significant increase of EGG power after meal was found in @entity392 , which corresponded to the degree of phase III and kept stable for the whole postprandial period. In contrast, power increase was not found in @entity2210 except during 30 min after test meal. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged cutaneous EGG recording can reflect the periodic variation of @entity1139 cycle. EGG response in @entity392 but not in @entity2210 after meal is characterized as persistent increase which is corresponded to phase III.

title: [Electrogastograph during interdigestive and digestive stages in XXXX with @entity2210 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Poor efficacy is one of the issues for clinical islet transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that pancreatic ductal preservation significantly improved the success rate of islet isolation; however, two transplants were necessary to achieve insulin independence. In this study, we introduced @entity7568 -based purification, thymoglobulin induction, and double blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression to improve the efficacy of clinical islet transplantation. Nine clinical-grade @entity1 pancreata were procured. Pancreatic ductal preservation was performed using ET-Kyoto solution in all cases. When the isolated islets met the clinical criteria, they were transplanted. We utilized two methods of immunosuppression and anti- @entity32 . The first protocol prescribed daclizumab for induction, then @entity3446 and @entity1140 to maintain immunosuppression. The second protocol used thymoglobulin for induction and @entity1140 and @entity6051 mofetil to maintain immunosuppression. Eternacept and anakinra were administered as anti-inflammatory drugs. The total amount of insulin required, HbA1c, and the SUITO index were determined to analyze and compare the results of transplantation. All isolated islet preparations (9/9) met the criteria for clinical transplantation, and they were transplanted into six type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved insulin independence with normal HbA1c levels; however, the first protocol required two islet infusions (N = 3) and the second protocol only required a single infusion (N = 3). The average SUITO index, at 1 month after a single-donor islet transplantation, was significantly higher in the second protocol (49.6    8.3 vs. 19.3    6.3, p < 0.05). Pancreatic ductal preservation, @entity7568 -based purification combined with thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression dramatically improved the efficacy of clinical islet transplantations. This protocol enabled us to perform successful single-donor islet transplantations. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify the mechanism of each component.

title: Improving efficacy of clinical islet transplantation with XXXX -based islet purification, thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

answer: @entity7568 :: (MESH:C044834,Chemical) :: ['iodixanol']


abstract: Poor efficacy is one of the issues for clinical islet transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that pancreatic ductal preservation significantly improved the success rate of islet isolation; however, two transplants were necessary to achieve insulin independence. In this study, we introduced @entity7568 -based purification, thymoglobulin induction, and double blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression to improve the efficacy of clinical islet transplantation. Nine clinical-grade @entity1 pancreata were procured. Pancreatic ductal preservation was performed using ET-Kyoto solution in all cases. When the isolated islets met the clinical criteria, they were transplanted. We utilized two methods of immunosuppression and anti- @entity32 . The first protocol prescribed daclizumab for induction, then @entity3446 and @entity1140 to maintain immunosuppression. The second protocol used thymoglobulin for induction and @entity1140 and @entity6051 mofetil to maintain immunosuppression. Eternacept and anakinra were administered as anti-inflammatory drugs. The total amount of insulin required, HbA1c, and the SUITO index were determined to analyze and compare the results of transplantation. All isolated islet preparations (9/9) met the criteria for clinical transplantation, and they were transplanted into six type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved insulin independence with normal HbA1c levels; however, the first protocol required two islet infusions (N = 3) and the second protocol only required a single infusion (N = 3). The average SUITO index, at 1 month after a single-donor islet transplantation, was significantly higher in the second protocol (49.6    8.3 vs. 19.3    6.3, p < 0.05). Pancreatic ductal preservation, @entity7568 -based purification combined with thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression dramatically improved the efficacy of clinical islet transplantations. This protocol enabled us to perform successful single-donor islet transplantations. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify the mechanism of each component.

title: Improving efficacy of clinical islet transplantation with @entity7568 -based islet purification, thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of XXXX and @entity310 .

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: Poor efficacy is one of the issues for clinical islet transplantation. Recently, we demonstrated that pancreatic ductal preservation significantly improved the success rate of islet isolation; however, two transplants were necessary to achieve insulin independence. In this study, we introduced @entity7568 -based purification, thymoglobulin induction, and double blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression to improve the efficacy of clinical islet transplantation. Nine clinical-grade @entity1 pancreata were procured. Pancreatic ductal preservation was performed using ET-Kyoto solution in all cases. When the isolated islets met the clinical criteria, they were transplanted. We utilized two methods of immunosuppression and anti- @entity32 . The first protocol prescribed daclizumab for induction, then @entity3446 and @entity1140 to maintain immunosuppression. The second protocol used thymoglobulin for induction and @entity1140 and @entity6051 mofetil to maintain immunosuppression. Eternacept and anakinra were administered as anti-inflammatory drugs. The total amount of insulin required, HbA1c, and the SUITO index were determined to analyze and compare the results of transplantation. All isolated islet preparations (9/9) met the criteria for clinical transplantation, and they were transplanted into six type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved insulin independence with normal HbA1c levels; however, the first protocol required two islet infusions (N = 3) and the second protocol only required a single infusion (N = 3). The average SUITO index, at 1 month after a single-donor islet transplantation, was significantly higher in the second protocol (49.6    8.3 vs. 19.3    6.3, p < 0.05). Pancreatic ductal preservation, @entity7568 -based purification combined with thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of @entity1356 and @entity310 as well as @entity3446 -free immunosuppression dramatically improved the efficacy of clinical islet transplantations. This protocol enabled us to perform successful single-donor islet transplantations. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these results and clarify the mechanism of each component.

title: Improving efficacy of clinical islet transplantation with @entity7568 -based islet purification, thymoglobulin induction, and blockage of @entity1356 and XXXX .

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: The consumption of @entity7726 during @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation reactions yields stoichiometric amounts of @entity8641 and @entity13710 , respectively. Information concerning the regulation of the two routes of @entity7726 metabolism in viable cells under changing growth conditions is limited. The present experiments have measured the time-dependent accumulation of @entity8641 and @entity5784 in the medium of four malignant @entity1 and @entity19 cell lines deficient in @entity8641 phosphorylase ( @entity8641 : @entity6546 methylthioribosyltransferase). Included in this group were anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cells. The enzyme-deficient cells did not detectably cleave @entity8641 , and did not appreciably metabolize @entity1255 . A comparison of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion therefore provided a noninvasive method for estimating the relative rates of @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation. Early after the release of @entity1 CEM lymphoblasts from density dependent @entity851 , @entity8641 production increased, and exceeded @entity1255 synthesis. @entity8641 formation reached a maximum of 0.9 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells prior to the onset of exponential growth. The kinetics of @entity1255 synthesis were different. @entity1255 accumulation was proportional to the specific growth rate, and achieved a peak of 3.1 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells during mid-exponential phase, at which time @entity8641 production was falling. Similar patterns of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion were observed in other @entity8641 phosphorylase deficient cell lines. These data show that @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation are differentially regulated during the growth cycle of @entity1 cells.

title: Differential regulation of XXXX synthesis and transmethylation reactions in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5784 :: ('CHEBI:17588', 'Chemical') :: ['L-homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity8641 :: ('MESH:C008500', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-methylthioadenosine", "5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine", "5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity4664 :: (CHEBI:60143,Chemical) :: ['polyamine']


abstract: The consumption of @entity7726 during @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation reactions yields stoichiometric amounts of @entity8641 and @entity13710 , respectively. Information concerning the regulation of the two routes of @entity7726 metabolism in viable cells under changing growth conditions is limited. The present experiments have measured the time-dependent accumulation of @entity8641 and @entity5784 in the medium of four malignant @entity1 and @entity19 cell lines deficient in @entity8641 phosphorylase ( @entity8641 : @entity6546 methylthioribosyltransferase). Included in this group were anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cells. The enzyme-deficient cells did not detectably cleave @entity8641 , and did not appreciably metabolize @entity1255 . A comparison of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion therefore provided a noninvasive method for estimating the relative rates of @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation. Early after the release of @entity1 CEM lymphoblasts from density dependent @entity851 , @entity8641 production increased, and exceeded @entity1255 synthesis. @entity8641 formation reached a maximum of 0.9 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells prior to the onset of exponential growth. The kinetics of @entity1255 synthesis were different. @entity1255 accumulation was proportional to the specific growth rate, and achieved a peak of 3.1 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells during mid-exponential phase, at which time @entity8641 production was falling. Similar patterns of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion were observed in other @entity8641 phosphorylase deficient cell lines. These data show that @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation are differentially regulated during the growth cycle of @entity1 cells.

title: Differential regulation of @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation reactions in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity99 are the most common @entity96 . Surgical treatment can be difficult as a result of the high risk of @entity548 . The present study reviewed clinical features of @entity1 with @entity99 and surgical techniques used in their treatment. Eight @entity1 with @entity99 underwent hepatectomies at the Asan Medial Center between January 2006 and March 2009. @entity1 demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Seven females and one male @entity1 underwent hepatectomies during the study period. The median age was 48.5 years (range, 33 to 58 years). Indications for surgical interventions were @entity490 (62.5%), an abdominal mass (37.5%), @entity16970 (25%), and increased @entity2695 size (25%). The @entity2695 were usually multiple (87.5%) and bilobar (75%) and had a median size of 14.5 cm (range, 7 to 29 cm). All @entity1 underwent major hepatic resection with early vascular control using the Glissonean pedicle transection method (GPTM), the @entity409 maneuver (LHM), and preparation for total vascular exclusion (TVE). There was no major morbidity or mortality. The minor morbidity rate was 25 per cent with transfusion rate of 37.5 per cent. Early vascular control using the GPTM, the LHM, and preparation for TVE is essential for safe resection of large @entity99 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : technical point of view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hanging']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemangiomas', 'Hepatic hemangiomas', 'giant hepatic hemangiomas', 'hepatic hemangioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['giant hepatic hemangiomas']


abstract: The clarification of turbid AA-amyloid-fibril-containing agarose gels by serum has been ascribed to degradation of the fibrils and designated as 'amyloid degrading factor'. In the present study, sera of 32 healthy blood donors and 32 @entity1 with @entity309 all showed 'degrading factor activity' against both @entity5066 fibrils and a non-fibrillar reticulin preparation of normal liver in an agarose plate assay. @entity1582 fibrils were not affected. The 'degrading activity' of serum was correlated with the serum @entity2313 concentration, and the effect was also given by purified @entity1 and bovine serum @entity2313 , although it was not seen with other serum proteins. The 'degrading activity' of serum against @entity5066 and reticulin was significantly correlated: both substrates showed low levels in a @entity102 such as @entity309 , and reticulin inhibited 'degrading activity' against @entity5066 . These results suggest the same process involves both substrates. 'Degrading activity' was also given by @entity1098 and a specific @entity460 chelator, and was inhibited by @entity460 and @entity1760 . An enzyme inhibitor showed only partial inhibition of the 'degrading activity' of serum, purified @entity2313 , and @entity1098 . These results suggest that serum 'degrading factor activity' is a non-specific @entity460 -mediated effect against @entity5066 and reticulin preparations dispersed in agarose. It may represent a change in the degree of aggregation of these proteins rather than being an effect of proteolytic degradation. This confirms the conclusions of other workers that amyloid 'degrading factor activity' is an phenomenon in vitro of doubtful pathophysiological significance.

title: Amyloid 'degrading factor activity': a non-specific XXXX -mediated effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['AA amyloid and vice versa', 'AA amyloid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Report the results of interventional or semi-interventional techniques for 173 @entity1 with @entity3181 . METHOD: This group included 120 males and 53 females. The pathologic lesions composed of localized complete occlusion of inferior vena cava (IVC) (78), IVC @entity850 (49), IVC membrane with a hole (37), membrane of hepatic vein (HV) (3), IVC @entity715 (4), IVC membrane with @entity715 (2) and @entity75 with occlusion of HV (32). Treatment methods included that I: Percutaneous transinferior vena cava angioplasty (PTA) (76); II: IVC PTA with stent (59); III: Percutaneous transhepatic vein recanalization (3); IV: IVC thrombolysis through a catheter (4), V: Combined transcardiac and transfemoral venous membranotomy and @entity384 (22); VI: V and stent (17); VII: Stenting during radical surgery (3); @entity797 : Additional operation after intervention (23). RESULTS: The immediate technique success rate for intervention was 90.1%, for the semi-intervention was 100%. The IVC pressure was reduced from 3 to 29 cm @entity2507 . Complications occurred in 8 cases. The death rate was 2.9%. A follow-up study showed the recurrence rates were 14.5% in IVC PTA group, 1.7% in IVC PTA with stent, 18.2% in combined technique without stent and no recurrence was found in other groups. CONCLUSION: The PTA is the first choice for localized lesions. When elastic recoil occurs, immediate stenting is suggested. The semi-interventional approach is advised for PTA failure and more complicated cases. For those with both @entity75 and occlusion of HV, the additional operation is needed after IVC intervention.

title: Interventional or semi-interventional treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['IVC lesion']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: Anterior pituitary cells from euthyroid and @entity1375 male @entity35 have been cultured as monolayers for 3 days with or without 5 nM T3 and stimulated with either @entity1 pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-40 (hpGRF), @entity1218 , or the @entity141 channel ionophore @entity3365 . Basal GH secretion was reduced in the @entity1375 (P less than 0.001) and basal TSH secretion increased (P less than 0.001). Culture with T3 increased GH secretion and intracellular GH content in euthyroid and @entity1375 but suppressed TSH secretion with no effect on intracellular TSH content in either euthyroid or @entity1375 . hpGRF released more GH from euthyroid [3.52 +/- 0.2 (SE) micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells] than @entity1375 of (0.17 +/- 0.01 micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells, P less than 0.001) without a change in ED50 (approximately 0.02 nM). The reduction in hpGRF-induced GH release remained significant when corrected for the reduced intracellular GH content in the @entity1375 . hpGRF-induced GH release also declined relative to @entity3365 -induced GH release in @entity1375 . Culture with 5 nM T3 doubled maximum hpGRF-induced GH release in euthyroid cultures and increased maximum release 10-fold in @entity1375 without altering the ED50 of hpGRF action. In contrast, T3 suppressed @entity1218 -induced TSH release in euthyroid cultures but was without effect on @entity1218 -induced TSH release in the @entity1375 . T3 did not effect the ED50 of @entity1218 action (2-5 nM). In summary, @entity1375 @entity35 anterior pituitary cells in culture have a reduced maximal GH response to hpGRF, but the same ED50. hpGRF activity can be partially restored by physiological concentrations of T3 in vitro.

title: The effects of thyroid hormone deprivation in vivo and in vitro on growth hormone (GH) responses to XXXX pancreatic (tumor) GH-releasing factor (1-40) by dispersed @entity35 anterior pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid cultures', 'hypothyroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Anterior pituitary cells from euthyroid and @entity1375 male @entity35 have been cultured as monolayers for 3 days with or without 5 nM T3 and stimulated with either @entity1 pancreatic GH-releasing factor 1-40 (hpGRF), @entity1218 , or the @entity141 channel ionophore @entity3365 . Basal GH secretion was reduced in the @entity1375 (P less than 0.001) and basal TSH secretion increased (P less than 0.001). Culture with T3 increased GH secretion and intracellular GH content in euthyroid and @entity1375 but suppressed TSH secretion with no effect on intracellular TSH content in either euthyroid or @entity1375 . hpGRF released more GH from euthyroid [3.52 +/- 0.2 (SE) micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells] than @entity1375 of (0.17 +/- 0.01 micrograms/6 h X 10(5) cells, P less than 0.001) without a change in ED50 (approximately 0.02 nM). The reduction in hpGRF-induced GH release remained significant when corrected for the reduced intracellular GH content in the @entity1375 . hpGRF-induced GH release also declined relative to @entity3365 -induced GH release in @entity1375 . Culture with 5 nM T3 doubled maximum hpGRF-induced GH release in euthyroid cultures and increased maximum release 10-fold in @entity1375 without altering the ED50 of hpGRF action. In contrast, T3 suppressed @entity1218 -induced TSH release in euthyroid cultures but was without effect on @entity1218 -induced TSH release in the @entity1375 . T3 did not effect the ED50 of @entity1218 action (2-5 nM). In summary, @entity1375 @entity35 anterior pituitary cells in culture have a reduced maximal GH response to hpGRF, but the same ED50. hpGRF activity can be partially restored by physiological concentrations of T3 in vitro.

title: The effects of thyroid hormone deprivation in vivo and in vitro on growth hormone (GH) responses to @entity1 pancreatic (tumor) GH-releasing factor (1-40) by dispersed XXXX anterior pituitary cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The FSH activity in @entity1641 (e) FSH, eLH, eCG, and ovine LH were examined and compared to that in the standard reference preparation NIH FSH-S13 by three types of assay: the FSH radioreceptor assay with @entity35 testicular homogenate and the stimulation of plasminogen activator production and steroidogenic activity in granulosa cells from @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )- or eCG-primed donor @entity35 . The difference in the two types of granulosa cells was that the eCG-primed cells have already acquired significant aromatase activity. With the exception of oLH, which showed very little FSH activity (approximately 0.03-0.08 X NIH FSH-S13) throughout the three assays, the @entity1641 gonadotropins exhibited great variations in activity with respect to each assay. eFSH, the most active molecule in these assays, had an activity of 44 X NIH FSH-S13 in the receptor binding assay, 8.75 X NIH FSH-S13 in plasminogen activator production, and 4-5 X NIH FSH-S13 in @entity134 production when assayed in the DES-primed granulosa cells. In the eCG-primed cells, eFSH showed an activity of 4.2 X NIH FSH-S13 in plasminogen activator production and 8.2 X NIH FSH-S13 in @entity1420 production. eLH had an activity of 10 X NIH FSH-S13 in FSH radioreceptor assay, but showed very little activity and behaved like oLH in stimulation of the cellular responses of DES-primed granulosa cells. However, when eLH was assayed in the eCG-primed cells, it did show stimulating activity with respect to the production of plasminogen activator and @entity1420 ; however, the dose-response curves were not parallel to those of eFSH and eCG. eCG had much less FSH receptor-binding activity (0.29 X NIH FSH-S13) than eLH. It behaved like a LH molecule in DES-primed granulosa cells, but did show activity (approximately 1 X NIH FSH-S13) in stimulating the production of plasminogen activator and @entity1420 in eCG-primed granulosa cells. From these results, we conclude that under our culture conditions, neither eLH nor eCG was active in the DES-primed granulosa cells, but both were active in the eCG-primed cells, and that the choice of assay conditions and reference standards is very important. Different types of assay may give rise to completely different comparisons for the same molecules. The @entity1641 gonadotropins provide a particularly dramatic example of such differences.

title: Priming procedure and hormone preparations influence XXXX granulosa cell response.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: T cell activity is controlled in large part by the T cell receptor (TCR). The TCR detects the presence of foreign pathogens and activates the T cell-mediated immune reaction. Numerous intracellular signaling pathways downstream of the TCR are involved in the process of T cell activation. Negative regulation of these pathways helps prevent excessive and deleterious T cell responses. Two homologous proteins, @entity19176 and @entity72769 , have been shown to function as critical negative regulators of TCR signaling. The @entity16055 mutase-like domain of @entity19176 ( @entity19176 ) has a potent phosphatase activity that contributes to the suppression of TCR signaling. The function of @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) as a phosphatase has been less clear, principally because its intrinsic enzyme activity has been difficult to detect. Here, we demonstrate that @entity72769 regulates the level of @entity669 phosphorylation on targets within T cells, among them the critical T cell @entity669 kinase @entity6755 . Utilizing new phosphorylated substrates, we demonstrate that @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) has clear, albeit weak, phosphatase activity. We further pinpoint @entity72769 residues @entity367 -481, Ser-552, and Ser-582 as specificity determinants, in that an @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) triple mutant in which these three @entity1522 are altered to their counterparts in @entity19176 has substantially increased activity. Our results suggest that the phosphatase activities of both suppressor of TCR signaling homologues cooperate in a similar but independent fashion to help set the threshold for TCR-induced T cell activation.

title: @entity72769 is a phosphatase that negatively regulates XXXX and T cell receptor signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity16055 :: ('CHEBI:61304', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6755 :: (7535,Gene) :: ['zeta-associated protein (ZAP)-70']


abstract: T cell activity is controlled in large part by the T cell receptor (TCR). The TCR detects the presence of foreign pathogens and activates the T cell-mediated immune reaction. Numerous intracellular signaling pathways downstream of the TCR are involved in the process of T cell activation. Negative regulation of these pathways helps prevent excessive and deleterious T cell responses. Two homologous proteins, @entity19176 and @entity72769 , have been shown to function as critical negative regulators of TCR signaling. The @entity16055 mutase-like domain of @entity19176 ( @entity19176 ) has a potent phosphatase activity that contributes to the suppression of TCR signaling. The function of @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) as a phosphatase has been less clear, principally because its intrinsic enzyme activity has been difficult to detect. Here, we demonstrate that @entity72769 regulates the level of @entity669 phosphorylation on targets within T cells, among them the critical T cell @entity669 kinase @entity6755 . Utilizing new phosphorylated substrates, we demonstrate that @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) has clear, albeit weak, phosphatase activity. We further pinpoint @entity72769 residues @entity367 -481, Ser-552, and Ser-582 as specificity determinants, in that an @entity72769 ( @entity19176 ) triple mutant in which these three @entity1522 are altered to their counterparts in @entity19176 has substantially increased activity. Our results suggest that the phosphatase activities of both suppressor of TCR signaling homologues cooperate in a similar but independent fashion to help set the threshold for TCR-induced T cell activation.

title: XXXX is a phosphatase that negatively regulates @entity6755 and T cell receptor signaling pathways.

answer: @entity72769 :: (53347,Gene) :: ['Sts-2']


abstract: The traditional methods of pharmacotherapy of the @entity179 do not frequently allow one to achieve the desired clinical effect. The fundamentally new approach for the treatment of severe @entity16 is provided by the methods of biological medicine, in particular, transplantation of a complex of fetal tissues. Cell-based therapy was used to treat @entity1 with @entity15 ; ante-, intra- and postnatal lesions; consequences of hemorrhagic and @entity63 apoplexies; @entity5013 of @entity2103 ; @entity1463 ; @entity191 ; @entity195 ; @entity302 and other types of pathologic process. The source material for obtaining a suspension of cells was the fetuses of allogenic origin. The suspension of brain cells in amounts of up to 1.5 x 10(8) cells and vitality not less than 40% was administered to the @entity1 into liquor spaces using the method of endolumbar puncture. The total number of transplantations was 1900. Practically in all the cases FT was tolerated well. Positive clinical and immunologic changes were observed in the majority of the @entity1 , thus, remission induction (in the @entity1 with the progressive course of @entity15 ) for a period over 12 months was registered in 87.5% of the cases. Noteworthy that considerable changes were observed in immunograms: depression of antibody levels to brain-specific proteins, native and denatured DNA; quantitative and qualitative improvement of lymphocyte subpopulation indices, positive changes in the immunoregulatory index. Clinically, in 69% of the cases there was an improvement in more than one @entity16 and a change in the values of the Kurtzke scale towards a decrease by 2-3 points. The conduct of cell therapy with the @entity15 @entity1 under the acute process conditions after liquorosorption allowed the arresting of clinical manifestations and the creation of preconditions for further restoration. The retrobulbar transplantations provided a quick arrest of the @entity7995 clinical symptoms and in one case an almost complete restoration of vision in the @entity1 with @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ). The remission duration has a marked direct dependence on the number of courses of endolumbar transplantations. Thus, the method of cell therapy with the use of @entity1 tissue transplantations is safe and can be used for different @entity179 of the central nervous system. The high efficacy of the method suggests the possibility and necessity of using this method as an alternative of classical pharmacological therapy. An important element of cell therapy is the control after the state of the @entity1 's immunity system.

title: Cell-based therapy of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological defect', 'neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative lesions', 'degenerative diseases of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative diseases of the central nervous system']


abstract: The effects of acute severe illness on pituitary-gonadal function were determined in 35 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 , including 12 who were postmenopausal. Seventeen @entity1 and 5 @entity1 had @entity131 which resulted in @entity772 . Twelve postmenopausal and 2 premenopausal @entity1 had @entity1504 . Eleven @entity1 had @entity583 , while 7 @entity1 underwent elective surgery. Serial plasma samples were examined for @entity251 ( @entity1 ), percentage of ultrafiltrable @entity251 ( @entity1 ), @entity53 ( @entity1 ), sex hormone-binding globulin, LH, and FSH. In @entity1 , mean @entity251 levels fell by 271 +/- 72 (+/- SE), 202 +/- 63 and 195 +/- 75 ng/dl within 24 h of @entity1545 , @entity583 , or elective surgery, representing decreases of 55%, 43%, and 58%. Further declines occurred in the first and third groups to mean nadirs of 93 +/- 16 and 117 +/- 5 ng/dl, respectively. During recovery of neurological function there was no correlation between the @entity251 level and the degree of @entity16 ; @entity251 levels eventually returned to normal (627 +/- 77 ng/ml). The percentage of ultrafiltrable @entity251 and sex hormone-binding globulin did not change in any group. Although significant decreases in mean immunoreactive LH and FSH levels were found after @entity542 , and decreases in FSH were found in the @entity1 after surgery, these changes occurred after the decline in @entity251 . Despite the fall in basal gonadotropin levels in the @entity542 group, there were no significant differences in the gonadotropin responses to @entity1176 (100 micrograms) in 4 @entity1 during their acute illness or recovery. LH, FSH, and @entity53 levels in the premenopausal @entity1 were significantly lower on the second day of @entity1545 (LH, 10.3 +/- 4.7 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.6 mIU/ml; FSH, 3.8 +/- 1.9 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.8 mIU/ml, @entity53 , 200 +/- 41 vs. 102 +/- 16 pg/ml) and remained suppressed for 7 days. Gonadotropin levels also fell in the postmenopausal @entity1 within 24 h; reductions in LH of 74% and in FSH of 62% were present by day 7 of study. We conclude that both @entity1 and @entity1 who are critically ill uniformly develop @entity1887 regardless of their illness. In @entity1 , it is manifested by low @entity251 levels, while a comparable decrease in @entity53 is present in @entity1 . The low @entity251 concentrations are not due to reduced sex hormone-binding capacity. Based upon our data in postmenopausal @entity1 , @entity6126 also occurs in the presence of nonfunctioning gonads. Although our studies do not completely establish the pathophysiology of this disorder, they suggest a suprapituitary origin.

title: Transient XXXX caused by critical illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hypogonadotropic gonadal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropism']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective method of surgical management of @entity976 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity976 had @entity5 ectomy. There were 29 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 15 to 56 years (mean 34.1 years). MR imaging showed that the @entity5 were located in the superior sellar region in 24 cases, in superior sella region and extended into the third ventricular floor in 19 cases, into parasella in 3 cases and down to intrasella in 4 cases. @entity5 were found in 5 cases, while the partial @entity5 in 24 cases and complete solid @entity5 in 21 cases. Pterional approach was used in 48 @entity1 and subfrontal approach in 2 @entity1 . Great attention was paid to the preservation of the perforating arteries from the carotid, posterior and anterior communicating and anterior choroidal arteries to the hypothalamic structures. The clinical outcome was evaluated according to the GOS scale. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 surgically treated, 47 @entity1 obtained @entity5 and 3 @entity1 with the secondary surgery had subtotal ectomy of the @entity5 . The pituitary stalk was preserved in 29 (58%) @entity1 , severed in 14 @entity1 and unidentified in 7 @entity1 . Forty-six @entity1 regained a normal life; one @entity1 needed assist in life. Of the 3 deaths, one @entity1 died of @entity2010 , one of inhalation @entity1763 , and another one of water and @entity1372 disorders. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of the @entity131 in the third ventricular floor and preservation of the perforating arteries to hypothalamus are the key to achieve good surgical results in treating @entity976 .

title: Preservation of the hypothalamic structures in the total resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the neural structures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total ectomy of the tumor', 'total and subtotal tumor', 'Complete cystic tumors', 'cystic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the different degrees of fade induced by nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in repetitive muscular contractions may be due to the varying affinities or binding kinetics of presynaptic nicotinic receptors. We compared the degree of fade induced by mivacurium, @entity2897 , and @entity2899 in the cat muscular compound action potential ( @entity24818 ). METHODS: In 21 @entity468 , mCAPs of the gastrocnemius muscle were evoked by paired (conditioning and test stimuli) and 2 Hz @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) sciatic nerve stimulation. The interval between the paired stimuli was changed stepwise from 7 to 1000 ms. The ratios of the amplitude evoked by test stimulus to that evoked by the conditioning stimulus (M2/M1 ratios) and @entity3370 ratios were measured. After baseline variables had been obtained, the cat received either mivacurium (0.08 mg x kg(-1), n = 7), @entity2897 (0.05 mg x kg(-1), n = 7), or @entity2899 (0.5 mg x kg(-1), n = 7). A series of M2/M1 ratios and @entity3370 ratios were measured at various levels of partial block during recovery. RESULTS: At 10% of baseline amplitude, all agents significantly depressed the M2/M1 ratios (i.e., fade) at relatively longer intervals of paired stimuli (mivacurium, > or = 100 ms; @entity2897 . > or = 40 ms; and @entity2899 , > or = 20 ms), when compared with baseline. The order of activity to produce fade was mivacurium < @entity2897 < @entity2899 . A similar result was obtained in @entity3370 ratios measured at various levels of @entity4094 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mivacurium shows a lesser degree of fade during partial @entity4094 than @entity2897 and @entity2899 .

title: Comparative fading responses induced by mivacurium, @entity2897 , and XXXX in the evoked muscular compound action potentials of the cat.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

answer: @entity2899 :: (MESH:D014403,Chemical) :: ['d-tubocurarine']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the different degrees of fade induced by nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents in repetitive muscular contractions may be due to the varying affinities or binding kinetics of presynaptic nicotinic receptors. We compared the degree of fade induced by mivacurium, @entity2897 , and @entity2899 in the cat muscular compound action potential ( @entity24818 ). METHODS: In 21 @entity468 , mCAPs of the gastrocnemius muscle were evoked by paired (conditioning and test stimuli) and 2 Hz @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) sciatic nerve stimulation. The interval between the paired stimuli was changed stepwise from 7 to 1000 ms. The ratios of the amplitude evoked by test stimulus to that evoked by the conditioning stimulus (M2/M1 ratios) and @entity3370 ratios were measured. After baseline variables had been obtained, the cat received either mivacurium (0.08 mg x kg(-1), n = 7), @entity2897 (0.05 mg x kg(-1), n = 7), or @entity2899 (0.5 mg x kg(-1), n = 7). A series of M2/M1 ratios and @entity3370 ratios were measured at various levels of partial block during recovery. RESULTS: At 10% of baseline amplitude, all agents significantly depressed the M2/M1 ratios (i.e., fade) at relatively longer intervals of paired stimuli (mivacurium, > or = 100 ms; @entity2897 . > or = 40 ms; and @entity2899 , > or = 20 ms), when compared with baseline. The order of activity to produce fade was mivacurium < @entity2897 < @entity2899 . A similar result was obtained in @entity3370 ratios measured at various levels of @entity4094 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mivacurium shows a lesser degree of fade during partial @entity4094 than @entity2897 and @entity2899 .

title: Comparative fading responses induced by mivacurium, XXXX , and @entity2899 in the evoked muscular compound action potentials of the cat.

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['cisatracurium']


abstract: Reexpansion @entity3126 is an uncommon @entity532 following rapid reexpansion of the lungs. The risk increases with a prolonged duration of @entity358 , the amount of drained liquid or air, and with decreased time of draining. Treatment is supportive. In general, the prognosis is favorable. A nine-year-old @entity1 was presented with @entity221 , cough, and @entity649 . @entity55 and left-sided @entity4327 were determined and a chest tube was emplaced. Clinical deterioration occurred in just a few minutes following chest tube insertion. His chest radiography revealed a @entity3126 in the left lung. Despite mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and diuretic treatment, no significant improvement occurred. Acute @entity649 and multiple organ dysfunctions developed in the follow-up. The @entity1 died on day 5 of hospitalization. In this report, a complicated reexpansion @entity3126 with a lathal outcome in a 9-year-old @entity1 is presented.

title: Bilateral reexpansion XXXX associated with @entity4327 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complication']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary collapse']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['pulmonary edema']


abstract: Reexpansion @entity3126 is an uncommon @entity532 following rapid reexpansion of the lungs. The risk increases with a prolonged duration of @entity358 , the amount of drained liquid or air, and with decreased time of draining. Treatment is supportive. In general, the prognosis is favorable. A nine-year-old @entity1 was presented with @entity221 , cough, and @entity649 . @entity55 and left-sided @entity4327 were determined and a chest tube was emplaced. Clinical deterioration occurred in just a few minutes following chest tube insertion. His chest radiography revealed a @entity3126 in the left lung. Despite mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and diuretic treatment, no significant improvement occurred. Acute @entity649 and multiple organ dysfunctions developed in the follow-up. The @entity1 died on day 5 of hospitalization. In this report, a complicated reexpansion @entity3126 with a lathal outcome in a 9-year-old @entity1 is presented.

title: Bilateral reexpansion @entity3126 associated with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantitation of @entity2713 in @entity1 plasma after nasal spray application was developed and validated. @entity5935 was used as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by a liquid-liquid procedure and separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C(18) column with a mobile phase composed of 2 mM aqueous @entity6190 pH 3.2 and @entity1626 (55:45). Selected reaction monitoring was performed using the transitions m/z 435  >  415 and m/z 393  >  373 to quantify @entity2995 and @entity5935 , respectively. Calibration curve was constructed over the range of 20-2000 pg/ml for @entity2995 . The lower limit of quantitation was 20 pg/ml. The mean RSD values were 4.6% and 5.7% for the intra-run and inter-run precision, respectively. The mean accuracy value was 98.5% and a recovery rate corresponding to 97.5% was achieved. No matrix effect was detected in the samples. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of @entity2995 in healthy volunteers, in a pharmacokinetic study with nasal spray formulation.

title: Determination of XXXX in @entity1 plasma by a sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method: application for a pharmacokinetic study using nasal spray formulation.

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the quantitation of @entity2713 in @entity1 plasma after nasal spray application was developed and validated. @entity5935 was used as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by a liquid-liquid procedure and separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB C(18) column with a mobile phase composed of 2 mM aqueous @entity6190 pH 3.2 and @entity1626 (55:45). Selected reaction monitoring was performed using the transitions m/z 435  >  415 and m/z 393  >  373 to quantify @entity2995 and @entity5935 , respectively. Calibration curve was constructed over the range of 20-2000 pg/ml for @entity2995 . The lower limit of quantitation was 20 pg/ml. The mean RSD values were 4.6% and 5.7% for the intra-run and inter-run precision, respectively. The mean accuracy value was 98.5% and a recovery rate corresponding to 97.5% was achieved. No matrix effect was detected in the samples. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentrations of @entity2995 in healthy volunteers, in a pharmacokinetic study with nasal spray formulation.

title: Determination of @entity2713 in XXXX plasma by a sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method: application for a pharmacokinetic study using nasal spray formulation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is associated with enhanced noradrenergic activity. Animal and @entity1 studies demonstrate that noradrenergic stimulation augments consolidation of fear learning. Retrieval of well-established memories by presenting a learned fear cue triggers reconsolidation processes during which memories may be updated, weakened, or strengthened. We previously reported that noradrenergic blockade in the @entity35 amygdala impairs reconsolidation of fear memories. Here we investigated the effects of noradrenergic enhancement on reconsolidation of learned fear. METHODS: Using auditory fear conditioning in @entity35 , we tested the effects of postretrieval intraamygdala infusion of the b-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity3044 or the antagonist @entity1169 on conditioned fear in the amygdala. RESULTS: A single intraamygdala infusion of @entity3044 following a retrieval of a well-consolidated memory enhanced fear memory elicited by the learned fear stimulus and impaired extinction of this memory 48   hr later. Intraamygdala infusion of the b-adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity1169 following a consecutive retrieval trial blocked the enhancing effects of @entity3044 on fear memory. CONCLUSIONS: Postretrieval b-adrenergic stimulation in the amygdala enhances reconsolidation of fear memories, making them resistant to extinction. Noradrenergic augmentation during retrieval of fear memories may thus contribute to persistence and severity of traumatic memories. Reconsolidation may be a useful tool in understanding the pathology of @entity1005 and may thus help in developing new and in modifying existing treatments of traumatic memories.

title: Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in @entity35 --a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is associated with enhanced noradrenergic activity. Animal and @entity1 studies demonstrate that noradrenergic stimulation augments consolidation of fear learning. Retrieval of well-established memories by presenting a learned fear cue triggers reconsolidation processes during which memories may be updated, weakened, or strengthened. We previously reported that noradrenergic blockade in the @entity35 amygdala impairs reconsolidation of fear memories. Here we investigated the effects of noradrenergic enhancement on reconsolidation of learned fear. METHODS: Using auditory fear conditioning in @entity35 , we tested the effects of postretrieval intraamygdala infusion of the b-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity3044 or the antagonist @entity1169 on conditioned fear in the amygdala. RESULTS: A single intraamygdala infusion of @entity3044 following a retrieval of a well-consolidated memory enhanced fear memory elicited by the learned fear stimulus and impaired extinction of this memory 48   hr later. Intraamygdala infusion of the b-adrenergic receptor antagonist @entity1169 following a consecutive retrieval trial blocked the enhancing effects of @entity3044 on fear memory. CONCLUSIONS: Postretrieval b-adrenergic stimulation in the amygdala enhances reconsolidation of fear memories, making them resistant to extinction. Noradrenergic augmentation during retrieval of fear memories may thus contribute to persistence and severity of traumatic memories. Reconsolidation may be a useful tool in understanding the pathology of @entity1005 and may thus help in developing new and in modifying existing treatments of traumatic memories.

title: Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in XXXX --a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in @entity1005 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the surgical route of colorectal resection for @entity46 is a determinant factor for fertility. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary-care university hospital. @entity1 (S): Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity46 were randomly assigned to laparoscopic or open surgery. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopically assisted vs. open colorectal resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Evaluation of fertility outcomes spontaneously and after assisted reproductive therapy. RESULT(S): The mean follow-up was 29 months. Among the 28 @entity1 wishing to conceive, 11 (39.3%) became pregnant. Overall cumulative pregnancy rate at 52 months for these @entity1 was 45.1%. For @entity1 with or without @entity249 , the cumulative pregnancy rate was 37.6% and 55.6%, respectively, and the cumulative spontaneous pregnancy rate 13.3% and 36.5%, respectively. All the spontaneous pregnancies were observed in the laparoscopy group. CONCLUSION(S): This study demonstrates that spontaneous pregnancy is more frequent after laparoscopy compared with open surgery for colorectal @entity46 .

title: Fertility after colorectal resection for XXXX : results of a prospective study comparing laparoscopy with open surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 leading to @entity548 results in widespread tissue @entity519 , anaerobic metabolism, and production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative molecules injurious to the vascular endothelium. Although @entity130 -related endothelial cell pathophysiology has been extensively studied, very little is known regarding gene transcriptional changes that occur during the event, particularly in endothelia. Thus, we employed fluorescent microarray analysis of gene transcription to elucidate critical pathways and gene products involved in @entity409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity548 /shock (T-H/S) model mimicking the physiologic changes seen in @entity1 @entity130 was performed on 10 Yorkshire @entity1707 , consisting of 35% blood volume @entity548 followed by 6 h of full resuscitation. Aortic endothelium was analyzed by microarray and functional clusters were identified through the use of Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. RESULTS: Injured @entity1707 developed profound @entity520 , @entity1003 , massive resuscitative fluid requirements, and microscopic changes of @entity63 /reperfusion injury. While 1007 transcripts were down-regulated, 529 transcripts were up-regulated. DAVID functional clustering analysis revealed 21 significantly altered biological processes that were grouped into 12 distinct functional categories. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) family of genes was the most interrelated. In addition, @entity17980 ( @entity17980 ) signaling members and leukocyte chemoattractants were also altered. CONCLUSIONS: Our model identified two major signaling pathways, TGFb and @entity17980 , which undergo early transcriptional changes in injured endothelial cells. Our results suggest that TGFb and @entity17980 may play a crucial role in the development of @entity130 leading to increased vascular permeability during shock- @entity130 .

title: Microarray and functional cluster analysis implicates transforming growth factor beta1 in endothelial cell dysfunction in a @entity1707 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'trauma-hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity17980 :: ('397157(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'endothelial cell injury']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 leading to @entity548 results in widespread tissue @entity519 , anaerobic metabolism, and production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative molecules injurious to the vascular endothelium. Although @entity130 -related endothelial cell pathophysiology has been extensively studied, very little is known regarding gene transcriptional changes that occur during the event, particularly in endothelia. Thus, we employed fluorescent microarray analysis of gene transcription to elucidate critical pathways and gene products involved in @entity409 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity548 /shock (T-H/S) model mimicking the physiologic changes seen in @entity1 @entity130 was performed on 10 Yorkshire @entity1707 , consisting of 35% blood volume @entity548 followed by 6 h of full resuscitation. Aortic endothelium was analyzed by microarray and functional clusters were identified through the use of Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. RESULTS: Injured @entity1707 developed profound @entity520 , @entity1003 , massive resuscitative fluid requirements, and microscopic changes of @entity63 /reperfusion injury. While 1007 transcripts were down-regulated, 529 transcripts were up-regulated. DAVID functional clustering analysis revealed 21 significantly altered biological processes that were grouped into 12 distinct functional categories. The transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) family of genes was the most interrelated. In addition, @entity17980 ( @entity17980 ) signaling members and leukocyte chemoattractants were also altered. CONCLUSIONS: Our model identified two major signaling pathways, TGFb and @entity17980 , which undergo early transcriptional changes in injured endothelial cells. Our results suggest that TGFb and @entity17980 may play a crucial role in the development of @entity130 leading to increased vascular permeability during shock- @entity130 .

title: Microarray and functional cluster analysis implicates transforming growth factor beta1 in endothelial cell dysfunction in a XXXX @entity548 model.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Precursors of activated killer (AK) cells cytotoxic for @entity1 noncultured metastatic melanoma and @entity694 were characterized. These cells required 3 days incubation with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and DNA synthesis for the induction of AK activity. Both negative and positive cell purification methods were used to identify the subpopulation of cells containing AK precursors. By complement-mediated cell depletion studies, AK precursors were largely present in the Leu-11+ fraction, and to a much lesser extent in the @entity4755 + and Leu-2a+ fractions; they were absent in Leu-3a+ and Leu-4+ cells. Lymphocyte subpopulations were then purified with a cell sorter to positively select for the subset containing AK precursors. Leu-11+ cells had the highest level of AK activity and proliferative response when cultured for 3 days with @entity5041 as well as the highest level of NK activity before culture. @entity4755 + cells had neither AK activity nor a proliferative response when cultured with @entity5041 , although they still possessed high NK activity. The same levels of AK and NK activity were found in Leu-2a+ and Leu-2a- fractions, but both activities were absent among Leu-4+ and Leu-3a+ cells. Further fractionation with a two-step sorting technique showed that the highest AK activity resided in the @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cell fraction. Morphologically, this subfraction was granular lymphocytes. Titration experiments or @entity5041 -responsive cells showed that the number of cells required to achieve a comparable level of @entity5041 proliferative response were as follows: 35 X 10(3) cells from unseparated PBL, 10 X 10(3) cells from Leu-11+ cells, 3.3 X 10(3) from @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cells, and 640 X 10(3) cells from @entity4755 + cells. These results indicate that the lymphocyte subpopulation that proliferates in the presence of @entity5041 and then develops AK activity was a subpopulation of Leu-11+ granular lymphocytes, which also possessed the highest NK activity. These Leu-11+ cells lacked the antigens defined by the @entity4755 , Leu-3a, or Leu-4 antibodies. Although @entity4755 + cells did not respond to @entity5041 by themselves, they may play a role in the induction of AK activity.

title: Leu-11+ lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity are precursors of recombinant XXXX ( @entity5041 )-induced activated killer (AK) cells.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: Precursors of activated killer (AK) cells cytotoxic for @entity1 noncultured metastatic melanoma and @entity694 were characterized. These cells required 3 days incubation with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and DNA synthesis for the induction of AK activity. Both negative and positive cell purification methods were used to identify the subpopulation of cells containing AK precursors. By complement-mediated cell depletion studies, AK precursors were largely present in the Leu-11+ fraction, and to a much lesser extent in the @entity4755 + and Leu-2a+ fractions; they were absent in Leu-3a+ and Leu-4+ cells. Lymphocyte subpopulations were then purified with a cell sorter to positively select for the subset containing AK precursors. Leu-11+ cells had the highest level of AK activity and proliferative response when cultured for 3 days with @entity5041 as well as the highest level of NK activity before culture. @entity4755 + cells had neither AK activity nor a proliferative response when cultured with @entity5041 , although they still possessed high NK activity. The same levels of AK and NK activity were found in Leu-2a+ and Leu-2a- fractions, but both activities were absent among Leu-4+ and Leu-3a+ cells. Further fractionation with a two-step sorting technique showed that the highest AK activity resided in the @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cell fraction. Morphologically, this subfraction was granular lymphocytes. Titration experiments or @entity5041 -responsive cells showed that the number of cells required to achieve a comparable level of @entity5041 proliferative response were as follows: 35 X 10(3) cells from unseparated PBL, 10 X 10(3) cells from Leu-11+ cells, 3.3 X 10(3) from @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cells, and 640 X 10(3) cells from @entity4755 + cells. These results indicate that the lymphocyte subpopulation that proliferates in the presence of @entity5041 and then develops AK activity was a subpopulation of Leu-11+ granular lymphocytes, which also possessed the highest NK activity. These Leu-11+ cells lacked the antigens defined by the @entity4755 , Leu-3a, or Leu-4 antibodies. Although @entity4755 + cells did not respond to @entity5041 by themselves, they may play a role in the induction of AK activity.

title: Leu-11+ lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity are precursors of recombinant @entity1199 ( XXXX )-induced activated killer (AK) cells.

answer: @entity5041 :: (116562(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['rIL 2']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the electroclinical features of @entity1 with benign infantile @entity410 with mild @entity1902 and demonstrate the benign nature of this entity. From 30 @entity1 who were included in the study, five were excluded (two with @entity245 , one with @entity4242 and two lost during follow-up). Twenty-five @entity1 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for benign infantile @entity410 with mild @entity1902 were assessed and followed at the Pediatric Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia, between January 2004 and January 2009. The median age at presentation was 10.4 months. Of the @entity1 , 14 were females and 11 were males. @entity410 were focal tonic or clonic in eight (32%) @entity1 , focal with secondary generalisation in three (12%), generalised tonic-clonic in nine (36%) and consisted of staring only with no motor components in five (20%). Interictal electroencephalograms and brain imaging were normal for all @entity1 . No @entity1 required treatment with antiepileptic drugs. All the @entity1 were found to have normal psychomotor development and neurological examination after a follow-up period of between 15 and 56 months. The limitations of this study are the relatively small sample size, relatively short study period and the fact that the study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. The prevalence of this entity may be more common at the level of primary health centres. Increasing the awareness of clinicians regarding the existence of this syndrome and its benign nature in @entity1 will limit unnecessary investigations. [Published with video sequences].

title: Electroclinical features of benign infantile XXXX with mild @entity1902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the electroclinical features of @entity1 with benign infantile @entity410 with mild @entity1902 and demonstrate the benign nature of this entity. From 30 @entity1 who were included in the study, five were excluded (two with @entity245 , one with @entity4242 and two lost during follow-up). Twenty-five @entity1 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for benign infantile @entity410 with mild @entity1902 were assessed and followed at the Pediatric Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia, between January 2004 and January 2009. The median age at presentation was 10.4 months. Of the @entity1 , 14 were females and 11 were males. @entity410 were focal tonic or clonic in eight (32%) @entity1 , focal with secondary generalisation in three (12%), generalised tonic-clonic in nine (36%) and consisted of staring only with no motor components in five (20%). Interictal electroencephalograms and brain imaging were normal for all @entity1 . No @entity1 required treatment with antiepileptic drugs. All the @entity1 were found to have normal psychomotor development and neurological examination after a follow-up period of between 15 and 56 months. The limitations of this study are the relatively small sample size, relatively short study period and the fact that the study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. The prevalence of this entity may be more common at the level of primary health centres. Increasing the awareness of clinicians regarding the existence of this syndrome and its benign nature in @entity1 will limit unnecessary investigations. [Published with video sequences].

title: Electroclinical features of benign infantile @entity410 with mild XXXX .

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: From around year 2000, impetigo caused by @entity12119 -resistant @entity794 was observed in countries of Northern Europe. The bacteria were found to represent a clone, the epidemic European @entity12119 -resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC). This study reports longitudinal data on the incidence and bacteriology of impetigo in a Norwegian island community during the years 2001-09. @entity1 AND METHODS: All encounters with general practitioners regarding impetigo were registered. Bacterial swabs were taken in a high percentage of cases. Annual incidence was calculated. Phenotypic characteristics of the bacteria were determined for the whole period, and in 2008 and 2009 we also performed PFGE and spa typing. RESULTS: Outbreaks of impetigo were observed in 2002, 2003 and 2004, but since then the incidence decreased greatly. @entity794 was cultured from the impetigo site in the majority of cases. The proportion of @entity794 isolates resistant to @entity12119 decreased from 80% in 2002-04 to 45% in 2008-09. For 28 @entity794 isolates analysed by molecular methods in 2008-09, we found that nearly all cases of @entity12119 resistance were due to the presence of the EEFIC. CONCLUSIONS: @entity794 resistance to @entity12119 in relation to impetigo is now less frequent in this population than at the start of the century. At present, most @entity794 bacteria resistant to @entity12119 in impetigo belong to the EEFIC.

title: Impetigo in a population over 8.5 years: incidence, XXXX resistance and molecular characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity12119 :: ('MESH:D005672', 'Chemical') :: ['fusidic acid']

answer: @entity12119 :: (MESH:D005672,Chemical) :: ['fusidic acid']


abstract: @entity1242 plaster (in 5 cm2, 10 cm2 or 20 cm2 sizes) was applied to 12 @entity1 with @entity301 , @entity951 and exercise-induced @entity63 reactions in the course of a simple-blind trial with intra-individual crossover in a randomized sequence over one week each. A 15 cm2 plaster served as a placebo. In the placebo phase the mean number of @entity951 attacks was 9.3 per week. It decreased to 6.2 with the 10 cm2 plaster (P less than 0.05), to 2.6 per week with the 20 cm2 plaster (P less than 0.001). The @entity63 reaction in the exercise ECG (sum of @entity308 ), recorded on day 7 of the treatment phase, was improved three hours after plaster application, dependent on the size of the plaster: placebo 6.0 +/- 1.2 mm; 5 cm2 plaster 5.1 +/- 1.0 mm; 10 cm2 4.6 +/- 1.0 mm (P less than 0.05); 20 cm2 3.4 +/- 0.9 mm (P less than 0.001). The @entity951 -free period during ergometry showed dose-dependent improvement 3 and 24 hours after application. Arterial blood pressure was decreased only after 20 cm2 plaster by 8% after three hours, as compared with the placebo (P less than 0.05). There was no effect on heart rate, at rest or on exercise, after any plaster. The results indicate that significant decrease in @entity63 reaction occurred with a plaster of 10 cm2 or larger. A 24-hour effect was demonstrable only with respect to the duration of symptom-free exercise.

title: [Anti-anginal effect of transdermally applied XXXX as dependent on the size of the plaster].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depressions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: Different regimens of total parenteral nutrition were evaluated in 64 growing @entity35 , during a 10-day period. Thirty-two @entity35 were kept at a low energy regimen (270 kcal/kg body weight per day), and the remaining @entity35 were infused with a high energy solution (350 kcal/kg/day). At each energy level, four fat/ @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) nonprotein energy ratios were tested: 0% fat/100% @entity435 (no fat); 6% fat/94% @entity435 (low fat); 30% fat/70% @entity435 (medium fat); 60% fat/40% @entity435 (high fat). A daily supply of 0.9 g @entity1568 /kg of a well balanced @entity535 solution was administered to all @entity35 . Growth, @entity1568 balance, net @entity1568 utilization, and blood status were evaluated. Carcass, liver, and muscle composition were investigated with respect to protein, fat, and water content. @entity409 was similar between groups at the same energy level. At the higher energy level the fat deposition was increased. At the low energy level, @entity35 from no fat and low fat groups lost weight during the first 3 days of the experimental period. The medium fat groups showed the highest weight gain at each energy level. This suggests the importance of the presence of fat in total parenteral nutrition programs. During the last days of the experimental period, all @entity35 gained weight, and showed a positive @entity1568 balance. All groups given 350 kcal/kg/day gained weight more rapidly and showed a better @entity1568 balance and utilization than the corresponding group given 270 kcal/kg/day. This study emphasizes that a well-balanced proportion of energy and substrates is important.

title: Total parenteral nutrition with different ratios of fat/ XXXX at two energy levels: an animal study.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and body composition']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The formation and release of circulating chemoattractants has been considered to be responsible for the @entity358 and subsequent @entity1317 seen with @entity5694 . @entity26 radicals released from granulocytes can produce these factors. Our purpose was (1) to determine whether chemotaxins are released with @entity5694 and whether the lung is the source of these factors and (2) if there is a cause and effect relationship between the release of chemoattractants and the @entity651 . Lung lymph flow, QL, lymph protein clearance, and vascular pressures were used to monitor lung vascular integrity. @entity526 endotoxin was infused into 12 @entity742 . Six @entity742 were pretreated with @entity14455 ( @entity14455 ), a scavenger of @entity2145 ion radicals. Chemotactic activity (CA) of plasma and lung lymph was determined during baseline, the pulmonary @entity101 phase, and the permeability phase of the @entity651 . It was found that @entity5694 was associated with generation of a granulocyte chemotactic factor in plasma but not in lung lymph. The peak increase in plasma CA occurred after the early pulmonary @entity6922 . Pretreatment with @entity14455 eliminated the increased CA but had no effect on the initial @entity1431 or the @entity651 . It was concluded that (1) the lung is not the major source of increased CA after endotoxin and (2) increased plasma CA occurs but does not appear to be causative of the @entity358 or the granulocyte-induced @entity651 .

title: Chemotactic activity of plasma and lung lymph in @entity742 with XXXX : effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers.

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14455 :: ('MESH:C038983', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl thiourea', 'DMTU']

entities_list: @entity6922 :: ('MESH:D018921', 'Disease') :: ['leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['initial pulmonary leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: The formation and release of circulating chemoattractants has been considered to be responsible for the @entity358 and subsequent @entity1317 seen with @entity5694 . @entity26 radicals released from granulocytes can produce these factors. Our purpose was (1) to determine whether chemotaxins are released with @entity5694 and whether the lung is the source of these factors and (2) if there is a cause and effect relationship between the release of chemoattractants and the @entity651 . Lung lymph flow, QL, lymph protein clearance, and vascular pressures were used to monitor lung vascular integrity. @entity526 endotoxin was infused into 12 @entity742 . Six @entity742 were pretreated with @entity14455 ( @entity14455 ), a scavenger of @entity2145 ion radicals. Chemotactic activity (CA) of plasma and lung lymph was determined during baseline, the pulmonary @entity101 phase, and the permeability phase of the @entity651 . It was found that @entity5694 was associated with generation of a granulocyte chemotactic factor in plasma but not in lung lymph. The peak increase in plasma CA occurred after the early pulmonary @entity6922 . Pretreatment with @entity14455 eliminated the increased CA but had no effect on the initial @entity1431 or the @entity651 . It was concluded that (1) the lung is not the major source of increased CA after endotoxin and (2) increased plasma CA occurs but does not appear to be causative of the @entity358 or the granulocyte-induced @entity651 .

title: Chemotactic activity of plasma and lung lymph in XXXX with @entity5694 : effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']