abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical and preclinical research suggest that activation of the mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) system is involved in mediating the rewarding actions of drugs of abuse, as well as promoting drug-seeking behavior. Inhibition of @entity14616 receptors in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) can reduce @entity1068 ( @entity167 )-seeking behavior of non-selective @entity35 triggered by environmental context. However, to date, there has been no research on the effects of D1 receptor agents on @entity167 - seeking behavior of high @entity285 -preferring ( @entity7956 following prolonged abstinence. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of microinjecting the D1 antagonist @entity10095 or the D1 agonist @entity55908 into the Acb shell or Acb core on spontaneous recovery of @entity167 -seeking behavior. After 10weeks of concurrent access to @entity167 and water, @entity7956 underwent seven extinction sessions ( @entity167 and water withheld), followed by 2weeks in their home cages without access to @entity167 or operant sessions. In the 2nd week of the home cage phase, @entity35 were bilaterally implanted with guide cannula aimed at the Acb shell or Acb core; @entity35 were allowed 7days to recover before @entity167 -seeking was assessed by the Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery (PSR) model. Administration of @entity10095 (1 g/side) into the Acb shell inhibited responding on the @entity167 lever, whereas administration of @entity55908 (0.125 g/side) increased responding on the @entity167 lever. Microinfusion of D1 receptor agents into the Acb core did not alter responding on the @entity167 lever. Responses on the water lever were not altered by any of the treatments. The results suggest that activation of D1 receptors within the Acb shell, but not Acb core, are involved in mediating PSR of @entity167 -seeking behavior of @entity7956 .

title: D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens-shell, but not the core, are involved in mediating @entity1068 -seeking behavior of @entity285 -preferring ( XXXX .

answer: @entity7956 :: (34854,Species) :: ['P) rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical and preclinical research suggest that activation of the mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) system is involved in mediating the rewarding actions of drugs of abuse, as well as promoting drug-seeking behavior. Inhibition of @entity14616 receptors in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) can reduce @entity1068 ( @entity167 )-seeking behavior of non-selective @entity35 triggered by environmental context. However, to date, there has been no research on the effects of D1 receptor agents on @entity167 - seeking behavior of high @entity285 -preferring ( @entity7956 following prolonged abstinence. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of microinjecting the D1 antagonist @entity10095 or the D1 agonist @entity55908 into the Acb shell or Acb core on spontaneous recovery of @entity167 -seeking behavior. After 10weeks of concurrent access to @entity167 and water, @entity7956 underwent seven extinction sessions ( @entity167 and water withheld), followed by 2weeks in their home cages without access to @entity167 or operant sessions. In the 2nd week of the home cage phase, @entity35 were bilaterally implanted with guide cannula aimed at the Acb shell or Acb core; @entity35 were allowed 7days to recover before @entity167 -seeking was assessed by the Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery (PSR) model. Administration of @entity10095 (1 g/side) into the Acb shell inhibited responding on the @entity167 lever, whereas administration of @entity55908 (0.125 g/side) increased responding on the @entity167 lever. Microinfusion of D1 receptor agents into the Acb core did not alter responding on the @entity167 lever. Responses on the water lever were not altered by any of the treatments. The results suggest that activation of D1 receptors within the Acb shell, but not Acb core, are involved in mediating PSR of @entity167 -seeking behavior of @entity7956 .

title: D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens-shell, but not the core, are involved in mediating XXXX -seeking behavior of @entity285 -preferring ( @entity7956 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 and inability to feed orally were problematic for @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT) as well as @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Severe @entity33 / @entity3136 and @entity20787 should be addressed carefully in @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT as well. OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of cetuximab-based BRT in locally advanced head and neck @entity957 has been established. However, the safety of cetuximab-based BRT in comparison with @entity902 -based CRT is currently under investigation. METHOD: This study retrospectively analyzed 14 @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT and 29 @entity1 undergoing @entity902 -based CRT to compare the incidence of acute @entity137 . In the BRT group, an initial cetuximab loading dose of 400 mg/m(2) was delivered 1 week before the start of radiotherapy. Seven weekly infusions of 250 mg/m(2) of cetuximab followed during the definitive radiotherapy. In the CRT group, @entity900 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) weekly during the definitive radiotherapy. RESULTS: The BRT group had a higher incidence of Grade >=  3 @entity20787 than did the CRT group (43% vs 3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The incidence rate of Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 was 64.3% and 41.4% in the BRT and CRT group, respectively (p = 0.1484), while the incidence rate of the inability to feed orally was 38.5% and 55.2%, respectively (p = 0.2053).

title: Comparison of acute @entity137 associated with cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy and @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy for head and neck XXXX : A single-institution retrospective study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiation dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 and inability to feed orally were problematic for @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT) as well as @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Severe @entity33 / @entity3136 and @entity20787 should be addressed carefully in @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT as well. OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of cetuximab-based BRT in locally advanced head and neck @entity957 has been established. However, the safety of cetuximab-based BRT in comparison with @entity902 -based CRT is currently under investigation. METHOD: This study retrospectively analyzed 14 @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT and 29 @entity1 undergoing @entity902 -based CRT to compare the incidence of acute @entity137 . In the BRT group, an initial cetuximab loading dose of 400 mg/m(2) was delivered 1 week before the start of radiotherapy. Seven weekly infusions of 250 mg/m(2) of cetuximab followed during the definitive radiotherapy. In the CRT group, @entity900 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) weekly during the definitive radiotherapy. RESULTS: The BRT group had a higher incidence of Grade >=  3 @entity20787 than did the CRT group (43% vs 3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The incidence rate of Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 was 64.3% and 41.4% in the BRT and CRT group, respectively (p = 0.1484), while the incidence rate of the inability to feed orally was 38.5% and 55.2%, respectively (p = 0.2053).

title: Comparison of acute XXXX associated with cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy and @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy for head and neck @entity957 : A single-institution retrospective study in Japan.

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 and inability to feed orally were problematic for @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT) as well as @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Severe @entity33 / @entity3136 and @entity20787 should be addressed carefully in @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT as well. OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of cetuximab-based BRT in locally advanced head and neck @entity957 has been established. However, the safety of cetuximab-based BRT in comparison with @entity902 -based CRT is currently under investigation. METHOD: This study retrospectively analyzed 14 @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT and 29 @entity1 undergoing @entity902 -based CRT to compare the incidence of acute @entity137 . In the BRT group, an initial cetuximab loading dose of 400 mg/m(2) was delivered 1 week before the start of radiotherapy. Seven weekly infusions of 250 mg/m(2) of cetuximab followed during the definitive radiotherapy. In the CRT group, @entity900 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) weekly during the definitive radiotherapy. RESULTS: The BRT group had a higher incidence of Grade >=  3 @entity20787 than did the CRT group (43% vs 3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The incidence rate of Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 was 64.3% and 41.4% in the BRT and CRT group, respectively (p = 0.1484), while the incidence rate of the inability to feed orally was 38.5% and 55.2%, respectively (p = 0.2053).

title: Comparison of acute @entity137 associated with cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy and XXXX -based chemoradiotherapy for head and neck @entity957 : A single-institution retrospective study in Japan.

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) signals can be used to detect intrinsic spontaneous brain activity and provide valuable insights into the pathomechanism of @entity1274 . In this study, we recruited 56 @entity1 who had been diagnosed as having mild to severe @entity10334 . According to the neuropsychological tests, they were subdivided into a @entity10334 with @entity73 group (n=28) and a @entity10334 without @entity73 group (n=28). 28 volunteers were included as normal controls. We found that the three groups showed significant differences in @entity4365 in the brain regions of the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG_R), left middle temporal gyrus (MTG_L), left precuneus (Pcu_L), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG_R) and right superior occipital gyrus (SOG_R). Compared with normal controls, the @entity10334 without @entity73 group exhibited significantly increased @entity4365 in the IOG_R, Pcu_L, SFG_R and SOG_R. While compared with @entity10334 without @entity73 group, the @entity10334 with @entity73 group showed significantly decreased @entity4365 in IOG_R, MTG_L, Pcu_L and SOG_R. A close negative correlation was found between the @entity4365 values of the MTG_L and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Our data demonstrate that white matter integrity and @entity73 are associated with different amplitude fluctuations of rs-fMRI signals. @entity10334 is related to @entity4365 increases in IOG_R, Pcu_L, SFG_Orb_R and SOG_R. @entity4365 in MTG_L is characteristic of @entity73 and may aid in its early detection.

title: Abnormal intrinsic brain activity patterns in XXXX with and without @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural disease']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased ALFF', 'amplitude of low frequency fluctuations', 'ALFF']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis', 'Leukoaraiosis']

answer: @entity10334 :: (MESH:D049292,Disease) :: ['leukoaraiosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) from resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) signals can be used to detect intrinsic spontaneous brain activity and provide valuable insights into the pathomechanism of @entity1274 . In this study, we recruited 56 @entity1 who had been diagnosed as having mild to severe @entity10334 . According to the neuropsychological tests, they were subdivided into a @entity10334 with @entity73 group (n=28) and a @entity10334 without @entity73 group (n=28). 28 volunteers were included as normal controls. We found that the three groups showed significant differences in @entity4365 in the brain regions of the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG_R), left middle temporal gyrus (MTG_L), left precuneus (Pcu_L), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG_R) and right superior occipital gyrus (SOG_R). Compared with normal controls, the @entity10334 without @entity73 group exhibited significantly increased @entity4365 in the IOG_R, Pcu_L, SFG_R and SOG_R. While compared with @entity10334 without @entity73 group, the @entity10334 with @entity73 group showed significantly decreased @entity4365 in IOG_R, MTG_L, Pcu_L and SOG_R. A close negative correlation was found between the @entity4365 values of the MTG_L and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Our data demonstrate that white matter integrity and @entity73 are associated with different amplitude fluctuations of rs-fMRI signals. @entity10334 is related to @entity4365 increases in IOG_R, Pcu_L, SFG_Orb_R and SOG_R. @entity4365 in MTG_L is characteristic of @entity73 and may aid in its early detection.

title: Abnormal intrinsic brain activity patterns in @entity10334 with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using positron emission tomography (PET) it is possible to estimate endogenous dopamine (DA) occupying D2/3 receptors (D2/3R) in the living @entity1 brain. @entity1 with @entity161 ( @entity161 ) (previously medicated and na  ve) have increased endogenous DA occupying D2/3R in the caudate. It is unknown whether currently medicated @entity1 demonstrate increased DA levels at D2/3R. Moreover, DA levels have not been estimated in @entity161 using agonist radiotracers, which may offer a more sensitive quantification over antagonists. METHODS: Using the agonist radiotracer [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, DA levels were estimated at D2/3R (  BPND) in three @entity1 with @entity161 (male, mean age=30  16). @entity1 were currently being treated long-term with Olanzapine (147  88nmol/L). Results were compared to ten healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS: Medicated @entity1 with @entity161 had greater   BPND in the left caudate (U=2, Z=-2.20, p=.03) and right putamen (U=2, Z=-2.20, p=.03). No differences were observed in the ventral striatum or globus pallidus. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to estimate endogenous DA at D2/3R in @entity161 @entity1 currently taking antipsychotics. Despite medication, @entity1 continue to have increased endogenous DA at D2/3R. This lends more biological support to the clinical observation that relapses in symptoms can occur in the face of complete antipsychotic discontinuation. Future studies with larger samples are warranted.

title: Examining endogenous dopamine in treated XXXX using [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2026 following @entity64 refers to impairments that affect the comprehension and expression of spoken and/or written language, and co-occurring @entity73 are common. In this paper we focus on short-term and working @entity2414 that impact on the ability to retain and manipulate auditory-verbal information. Evidence from diverse paradigms (large group studies, case studies) report close links between short-term/working memory and language functioning in @entity2026 . This evidence leads to the hypothesis that treating such @entity2414 would improve language functioning. This link has only recently been acknowledged in @entity2026 treatment but has not been embraced widely by clinicians. AIMS: To examine the association between language, and short-term and working @entity2414 in @entity2026 . To describe practical ways of assessing short-term and working memory functioning that could be used in clinical practice. To discuss and critically appraise treatments of short-term and working memory reported in the literature. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Taking a translational research approach, this paper provides clinicians with current evidence from the literature and practical information on how to assess and treat short-term and working @entity2414 in @entity1 with @entity2026 . Published treatments of short-term and/or working memory in post- @entity64 are discussed through a narrative review. MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS: This paper provides the following. A theoretical rationale for adopting short-term and working memory treatments in @entity2026 . It highlights issues in differentially diagnosing between short-term, working @entity2414 and other @entity73 , e.g. apraxia of speech. It describes short-term and working memory assessments with practical considerations for use with @entity1 with @entity2026 . It also offers a description of published treatments in terms of @entity1 , treatments and outcomes. Finally, it critically appraises the current evidence base relating to the treatment of short-term and working memory treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The links between short-term/working memory functioning and language in @entity2026 are generally acknowledged. These strongly indicate the need to incorporate assessment of short-term/working memory functioning for @entity1 with @entity2026 . While the supportive evidence for treatment is growing and appears to highlight the benefits of including short-term/working memory in @entity2026 treatment, the quality of the evidence in its current state is poor. However, because of the clinical needs of @entity1 with @entity2026 and the prevalence of short-term/working @entity2414 , incorporating related treatments through practice-based evidence is advocated.

title: Assessment and treatment of short-term and working XXXX in @entity64 : a practical tutorial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke aphasia', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant impairments', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Aphasia', 'aphasia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments', 'memory disorders']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory impairments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2026 following @entity64 refers to impairments that affect the comprehension and expression of spoken and/or written language, and co-occurring @entity73 are common. In this paper we focus on short-term and working @entity2414 that impact on the ability to retain and manipulate auditory-verbal information. Evidence from diverse paradigms (large group studies, case studies) report close links between short-term/working memory and language functioning in @entity2026 . This evidence leads to the hypothesis that treating such @entity2414 would improve language functioning. This link has only recently been acknowledged in @entity2026 treatment but has not been embraced widely by clinicians. AIMS: To examine the association between language, and short-term and working @entity2414 in @entity2026 . To describe practical ways of assessing short-term and working memory functioning that could be used in clinical practice. To discuss and critically appraise treatments of short-term and working memory reported in the literature. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Taking a translational research approach, this paper provides clinicians with current evidence from the literature and practical information on how to assess and treat short-term and working @entity2414 in @entity1 with @entity2026 . Published treatments of short-term and/or working memory in post- @entity64 are discussed through a narrative review. MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS: This paper provides the following. A theoretical rationale for adopting short-term and working memory treatments in @entity2026 . It highlights issues in differentially diagnosing between short-term, working @entity2414 and other @entity73 , e.g. apraxia of speech. It describes short-term and working memory assessments with practical considerations for use with @entity1 with @entity2026 . It also offers a description of published treatments in terms of @entity1 , treatments and outcomes. Finally, it critically appraises the current evidence base relating to the treatment of short-term and working memory treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The links between short-term/working memory functioning and language in @entity2026 are generally acknowledged. These strongly indicate the need to incorporate assessment of short-term/working memory functioning for @entity1 with @entity2026 . While the supportive evidence for treatment is growing and appears to highlight the benefits of including short-term/working memory in @entity2026 treatment, the quality of the evidence in its current state is poor. However, because of the clinical needs of @entity1 with @entity2026 and the prevalence of short-term/working @entity2414 , incorporating related treatments through practice-based evidence is advocated.

title: Assessment and treatment of short-term and working @entity2414 in XXXX : a practical tutorial.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke aphasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are a heterogeneous group of @entity0 that are often associated with adverse pathological characteristics, poorer clinical outcomes and lack of targeted therapeutic options. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which plays a crucial @entity5 development and progression, is characterised by a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype and loss of proteins involved in maintaining cell junctions. We aimed to correlate protein expression of @entity5962 , @entity19099 and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) with clinicopathological parameters and survivals of a series of @entity1 with TNBC. The study cohort comprised 767 @entity0 diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital from 1994 to 2012. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections cut from tissue microarrays using the polymeric method. Staining intensity and percentage of positive @entity5 cells were evaluated and correlated with clinicopathological findings and clinical outcomes. Loss of @entity5962 expression, @entity19099 positivity, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of @entity2533 were observed in 265 (35.2  %), 241 (32.0  %), 272 (36.2  %) and 262 (34.8  %) @entity5 , respectively. Histological grade significantly correlated with  @entity19099 positivity (P < 0.001) and loss of membranous @entity5962 expression (P  =  0.003). Nuclear expression of @entity2533 was inversely correlated with histological grade (P  =  0.010). Median follow-up was 73  months, with a maximum of 236  months. Despite a graphical curve for earlier recurrence in @entity1 with @entity5 harbouring a combinational phenotype of loss of membranous @entity5962 and positive @entity19099 expression, there was no statistical significance. Similarly for @entity1 with @entity5 expressing cytoplasmic @entity2533 , graphical representation showed poorer metastasis-free survival but without statistical significance. Loss of membranous @entity5962 and positive @entity19099 expression are significantly associated with high-grade @entity0 . More work is needed to improve understanding of the role of @entity2533 in TNBC.

title: Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in triple-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBCs', 'breast tumours', 'Triple-negative breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'role in tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor beta']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a significant learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection of @entity418 that has not been fully characterized. This retrospective study included 33 consecutive superficial @entity418 for analysis of the learning curve for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection based on a single, novice endoscopist's experience. The study was divided into three periods (T1, T2, and T3) of 10 endoscopic submucosal dissection procedures in chronological order, with 13 procedures in the last period. @entity1 factors (age, sex, coexistent esophageal varices, or @entity82 ) and @entity5 factors (location at upper esophagus, involving >3/4 esophageal circumference) for endoscopic submucosal dissection were not statistically different between the periods. The mean procedure time was 74.6   min/cm(2) , 23.4   min/cm(2) , and 10.5   min/cm(2) for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The procedure time decreased over time (P = 0.02) and post hoc test revealed significant difference was only between T3 and T1 (P = 0.019). The en bloc resection rate was 50%, 100%, and 92.3% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P for trend = 0.015). R0 resection rate was 40%, 100%, and 84.6% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P for trend = 0.023). Two @entity1 had complications: each one @entity1 in T1 and T3 period experienced major @entity548 during the procedure (P for trend = 0.875). None of the @entity1 had esophageal perforation. The results of the study concluded that at least 30 cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection of @entity418 are needed for a novice endoscopist to gain early proficiency in this technique.

title: Learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal neoplasms']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal neoplasms']


abstract: This study determined the contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to the protective adaptation of @entity1 skeletal muscle known as the repeated-bout effect (RBE). Muscle biopsies were obtained 3 hours, 2 days, and 27 days following an initial bout (B1) of lengthening contractions (LCs) and 2 days following a repeated bout (B2) in 2 separate studies. Biopsies from the nonexercised legs served as controls. In the first study, global transcriptomic analysis indicated widespread changes in ECM structural, deadhesive, and signaling transcripts, 3 hours following LC. To determine if ECM remodeling is involved in the RBE, we conducted a second study by use of a repeated-bout paradigm. TNC immunoreactivity increased 10.8-fold following B1, was attenuated following B2, and positively correlated with LC-induced strength loss (r(2) = 0.45; P = 0.009). Expression of collagen I, III, and IV ( @entity13239 , @entity1414 , @entity5938 ) transcripts was unchanged early but increased 5.7    2.5-, 3.2    0.9-, and 2.1    0.4-fold (P < 0.05), respectively, 27 days post-B1 and were unaffected by B2. Likewise, @entity2533 signaling demonstrated a delayed response following LC. Satellite cell content increased 80% (P < 0.05) 2 days post-B1 (P < 0.05), remained elevated 27 days post-B1, and was unaffected by B2. Collectively, the data suggest sequential ECM remodeling characterized by early deadhesion and delayed reconstructive activity that appear to contribute to the RBE.

title: Extracellular matrix remodeling and its contribution to protective adaptation following lengthening contractions in XXXX muscle.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over one million @entity1 undergo prostate biopsies annually in the United States, a majority of whom due to elevated serum PSA. More than half of the biopsies turn out to be negative for @entity263 (CaP). The limitations of both the PSA test and the biopsy procedure have led to the development for more precise CaP detection assays in urine (e.g., @entity21416 , @entity5435 -ERG) or blood (e.g., PHI, 4K). Here, we describe the development and evaluation of the Urine CaP Marker Panel (UCMP) assay for sensitive and reproducible detection of CaP cells in post-digital rectal examination (post-DRE) urine. METHODS: The cellular content of the post-DRE urine was captured on a translucent filter membrane, which is placed on Cytoclear slides for direct evaluation by microscopy and immuno-cytochemistry (ICC). Cells captured on the membrane were assayed for PSA and @entity25792 expression to identify prostate epithelial cells, and for ERG and @entity6639 to identify @entity263 cells. Immunostained cells were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative features and correlated with biopsy positive and negative status for @entity5 . RESULTS: The assay was optimized for single cell capture sensitivity and downstream evaluations by spiking a known number of cells from established CaP cell lines, LNCaP and VCaP, into pre-cleared control urine. The cells captured from the post-DRE urine of subjects, obtained prior to biopsy procedure, were co-stained for ERG, @entity6639 (CaP specific), and @entity25792 or PSA (prostate epithelium specific) rendering a whole cell based analysis and characterization. A feasibility cohort of 63 post-DRE urine specimens was assessed. Comparison of the UCMP results with blinded biopsy results showed an assay sensitivity of 64% (16 of 25) and a specificity of 68.8% (22 of 32) for CaP detection by biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study assessing a minimally invasive CaP detection assay with single cell sensitivity cell-capture and characterization from the post-DRE urine holds promise for further development of this novel assay platform. Prostate 75: 969-975, 2015.    2015 The Authors. The Prostate, published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX marker panel with single cell sensitivity in urine.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity148 sensitivity is associated with smoking processes and poorer clinical outcomes. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Smoking-specific avoidance and inflexibility ( @entity1984 ) is a construct implicated in multiple manifestations of mood regulation that may underlie smoking severity. The current study examined whether @entity1984 accounted for (ie, statistically mediated) the relationship between @entity148 sensitivity and multiple indices of smoking severity. METHODS: Baseline self-report data were collected among treatment-seeking smokers (N   =   396; 48% female; Mage    =   37.8 years) taking part in a larger intervention study. Gender, smoking-related medical history, @entity2270 I diagnoses, hazardous @entity167 use, substance abuse/dependence, and negative affectivity were statistically controlled in analyses. RESULTS: @entity148 sensitivity was indirectly related to all smoking severity variables, with the exception of @entity1239 dependence, through its relation with @entity1984 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide initial evidence suggesting @entity1984 may be an important construct in better understanding @entity148 sensitivity-smoking relations. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Results suggest the importance of @entity1984 as a malleable target for smoking cessation intervention. (Am J Addict 2015;9999:1-8).

title: Examination of smoking inflexibility as a mechanism linking XXXX sensitivity and severity of smoking behavior.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cells in our body are constantly exposed to various stresses and threats to their genomic integrity. The @entity5 suppressor protein @entity876 plays a critical role in successful defense against these threats by inducing apoptotic cell death or cell cycle arrest. In unstressed conditions, @entity876 levels and activity must be kept low to prevent lethal activation of apoptotic and senescence pathways. However, upon DNA damage or other stressors, @entity876 is released from its inhibitory state to induce an array of apoptosis and cell cycle genes. Conversely, inactivation of @entity876 could promote unrestrained @entity5 proliferation and failure to appropriately undergo apoptotic cell death, which could, in turn, lead to @entity105 . The ubiquitin E3 ligase @entity7465 is the most critical inhibitor of @entity876 that determines the cellular response to various @entity876 -activating agents, including DNA damage. @entity7465 activity is controlled by post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation. However, accumulating evidence suggests that @entity7465 is also regulated at the level of protein stability, which is controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here, we discuss how @entity7465 can be regulated in response to DNA damage with particular focus on the regulation of @entity7465 protein stability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Regulation of XXXX stability as a consequence of DNA damage.

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity7465 :: (4193,Gene) :: ['MDM2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 undergoing coronary artery surgery, improvements in clinical outcomes currently rely on continued refinements of the surgical technique and modulation of adjuvant pharmacotherapy. Despite medical and technological advances, negligible rate of @entity548 and @entity63 events still persist necessitating further improvements in @entity1 management. Platelet function testing (PFT) might play an important role in meticulous balancing between the risk of @entity548 and @entity715 events. A suitable balance can be achieved by implementing a personalized, PFT based approach in antiplatelet therapy (APT) administration/discontinuation management. Despite emerging evidence on the widespread variability in platelet inhibitory response to APT, numerous PFT devices and heterogeneity in reporting study results hamper pooling of the evidence which in turn results with a lack of consensus in "on treatment" platelet reactivity associated with @entity63 and @entity548 events in perioperative phase. The literature on multiple electrode aggregometry (Multiplate(  ); Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) in @entity453 @entity1 was reviewed systematically. Based on the evidence evaluating the relationship between "drug specific" PFT and @entity548 or adverse @entity63 events, we sought to define therapeutic window for the most commonly administered antiplatelet drugs such as @entity117 (ASPI test) and @entity857 receptor blockers ( @entity857 test). Preoperatively, APT administration was primarily focused to avoid @entity548 complications. ASPI test value of 20 AUC and @entity857 test value of <73 AUC were set as cut-off values that delineate @entity548 tendency. Postoperatively, "therapeutic window" was set to avoid both @entity548 and adverse @entity63 events. Therapeutic ranges were as follows: 20 AUC  <  ASPItest   <=  30 AUC and 19AUC  <  @entity857   <=  46AUC, respectively. This is the first attempt to define PFT based "therapeutic window" according to, perioperative APT administration/discontinuation management would be targeted. It seems that the "one-size-fits-all" concept of perioperative APT administration management is outdated and further development of PFT based, personalized APT administration/discontinuation management is desirable. This concept therefore presents a possible step forward in @entity1 care and provides a platform for further interventional trials whereby the impact of its application on clinical outcomes would be validated.

title: Development of a concept for a personalized approach in the perioperative antiplatelet therapy administration/discontinuation management based on multiple electrode aggregometry in XXXX undergoing coronary artery surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine-diphosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3398 ( @entity5443 ) was administered to 12 @entity1 for evaluation of clinical effects of @entity5443 against secondary @entity281 complicated with @entity1583 , and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical effects were excellent in 1 and good in 8 out or 11 cases with efficacy rate of 81.8%. Out of 12 cases treated with @entity5443 , 1 case was excluded from clinical evaluation because of prophylactic use. It is noted that all cases with @entity3552 showed good response to @entity5443 . 2. The serum levels of @entity5443 were determined in 1 @entity1 with @entity177 . After intravenous drip infusion of 2 g in 200 ml of @entity413 solution, the serum concentrations were 67.2 micrograms/ml and 7.53 micrograms/ml at 14 hours and 24 hours (after hemodialysis), respectively. 3. No side effects attributed to @entity5443 were observed. These results indicate that @entity5443 is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe @entity281 accompanying @entity1583 .

title: [Effects of cefoxitin on @entity281 secondary to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefoxitin']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic malignancies']


abstract: @entity3398 ( @entity5443 ) was administered to 12 @entity1 for evaluation of clinical effects of @entity5443 against secondary @entity281 complicated with @entity1583 , and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical effects were excellent in 1 and good in 8 out or 11 cases with efficacy rate of 81.8%. Out of 12 cases treated with @entity5443 , 1 case was excluded from clinical evaluation because of prophylactic use. It is noted that all cases with @entity3552 showed good response to @entity5443 . 2. The serum levels of @entity5443 were determined in 1 @entity1 with @entity177 . After intravenous drip infusion of 2 g in 200 ml of @entity413 solution, the serum concentrations were 67.2 micrograms/ml and 7.53 micrograms/ml at 14 hours and 24 hours (after hemodialysis), respectively. 3. No side effects attributed to @entity5443 were observed. These results indicate that @entity5443 is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe @entity281 accompanying @entity1583 .

title: [Effects of cefoxitin on XXXX secondary to @entity1583 ].

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research suggests gender differences exist in achieving undetectable viral load (UVL) among @entity1 living with @entity645 (PLHIV), and that psychosocial  health factors may play a role. The present study examined these factors among African-American PLHIV enrolled in the @entity36740 study. @entity1 completed self-report surveys and gave biomarker data. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was implemented. @entity1 with moderate religious activity had 1.3 times the likelihood of UVL as @entity1 with low religious activity (p  <  0.10; N  =  199). @entity1 with 1-2 @entity1032 diagnoses had 1.3 times the likelihood of UVL as @entity1 with none (p  <  0.05). @entity1 using 1-2 substances had 28  % lower likelihood of UVL than non-using @entity1 (N  =  122; p  <  0.10). Finally, @entity1 with frequent doctor- @entity1 communication had 35  % higher likelihood of UVL as @entity1 with less doctor- @entity1 communication (p  <  0.05). Results suggest that social support, substance use, and @entity1032 function differently among @entity1 and @entity1 . Healthcare professionals should employ gender-specific interventions to address and improve @entity645 health outcomes.

title: Gender Differences in Psychosocial Factors Associated with XXXX Viral Suppression Among African-American Injection Drug Users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient', 'Men', 'Participants', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous therapeutic options have been tried in the management of @entity1709 . AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized study was planned to assess the efficacy of low potency triple combination (TC) cream (TC- @entity8156 2%/ @entity1968 0.05%/ @entity21289 0.01%) versus @entity25104 (GA) peels/ @entity24402 (AA) 20% cream (GA/AA) combination in @entity1709 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1709 were recruited into this study and randomized into two groups. Group A consisting 20 @entity1 received TC cream once a day for night time application for 3 months. Group B comprising of 20 @entity1 received GA/AA 20% cream combination for 3 months. The disease severity was monitored with digital photography, @entity1709 area and severity index (MASI) score, which was calculated at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks, and visual analog scale (VAS) score, which was calculated at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of 40 @entity1 , 38 were completed the study. A significant reduction in MASI and VAS was recorded after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment in both groups A and B (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean MASI scores between the two groups at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Similarly, there was no difference in the mean VAS scores between the two groups at baseline and 12 weeks. Four @entity1 in group A and 3 in group B experienced adverse effects such as irritation, dryness, and photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Both low potency TC cream and GA/AA 20% cream combination are effective in treating @entity1709 among Indian @entity1 .

title: XXXX Peels/ @entity24402 20% Cream Combination and Low Potency Triple Combination Lead to Similar Reduction in Melasma Severity in Ethnic Skin: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity21289 :: ('MESH:C035394', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity24402 :: ('MESH:C010038', 'Chemical') :: ['azelaic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

answer: @entity25104 :: (MESH:C031149,Chemical) :: ['Glycolic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous therapeutic options have been tried in the management of @entity1709 . AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized study was planned to assess the efficacy of low potency triple combination (TC) cream (TC- @entity8156 2%/ @entity1968 0.05%/ @entity21289 0.01%) versus @entity25104 (GA) peels/ @entity24402 (AA) 20% cream (GA/AA) combination in @entity1709 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity1709 were recruited into this study and randomized into two groups. Group A consisting 20 @entity1 received TC cream once a day for night time application for 3 months. Group B comprising of 20 @entity1 received GA/AA 20% cream combination for 3 months. The disease severity was monitored with digital photography, @entity1709 area and severity index (MASI) score, which was calculated at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks, and visual analog scale (VAS) score, which was calculated at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Of 40 @entity1 , 38 were completed the study. A significant reduction in MASI and VAS was recorded after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment in both groups A and B (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean MASI scores between the two groups at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Similarly, there was no difference in the mean VAS scores between the two groups at baseline and 12 weeks. Four @entity1 in group A and 3 in group B experienced adverse effects such as irritation, dryness, and photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Both low potency TC cream and GA/AA 20% cream combination are effective in treating @entity1709 among Indian @entity1 .

title: @entity25104 Peels/ XXXX 20% Cream Combination and Low Potency Triple Combination Lead to Similar Reduction in Melasma Severity in Ethnic Skin: Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity24402 :: (MESH:C010038,Chemical) :: ['Azelaic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6010 ( @entity6010 ) is an extremely rare, benign @entity5 that originates from the neural crest tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. The majority of cases are detected incidentally, since the disease often lacks clear clinical manifestations or is asymptomatic. In addition, @entity6010 is often misdiagnosed as being an @entity652 or @entity1911 . The present study describes a 58-year-old female who visited the outpatient clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College (Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China) with symptoms of face and lower extremity dropsy. Color Doppler ultrasonography revealed a solid @entity5 in the right kidney, and abdominal computed tomography identified an irregular, solid @entity5 measuring ~6*4.5*7 cm(3) and arising from the right adrenal gland, with a clear boundary. Magnetic resonance imaging was not performed. An initial diagnosis of @entity652 was established. The @entity1 was treated by laparoscopy in order to remove the @entity5 . However, following surgery, a pathological examination suggested that the @entity5 was a GN originating from the adrenal medulla. The formation of a correct diagnosis can be extremely challenging, as AGNs do not exhibit any specific clinical manifestations. Therefore, detection often depends entirely upon imaging studies, and the final diagnosis can be only by confirmed following a histopathological evaluation.

title: Laparoscopic resection of primary XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['AGN', 'Adrenal ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenoma']

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['adrenal ganglioneuroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity19868 (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen in agriculture, the virulence mechanisms utilized by @entity19868 and the host defense mechanisms against this pathogen have not been fully understood. Here, we report that the @entity958 Mediator complex subunit @entity49009 is a key component of basal resistance against @entity19868 . Mutants of @entity49009 are markedly more susceptible to @entity19868 than mutants of thirteen other Mediator subunits, and @entity49009 has a much stronger effect on @entity19868 -induced transcriptome changes compared with med8, a mutation not altering susceptibility to @entity19868 . Interestingly, @entity49009 is also more susceptible to @entity19868 than @entity46699 -insensitive1-1 (coi1-1), which is the most susceptible mutant so far reported. Although the @entity7214 (JA)/ @entity1786 (ET) defense pathway marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 ( @entity18614 ) cannot be induced in either @entity49009 or coi1-1, basal transcript levels of @entity18614 in @entity49009 are significantly lower than in coi1-1. Furthermore, ET-induced suppression of JA-activated wound responses is compromised in @entity49009 , suggesting a role for @entity49009 in JA-ET crosstalk. Additionally, @entity49009 is required for recruitment of RNA polymerase II to @entity18614 and OCTADECANOID-RESPONSIVE @entity958 AP2/ERF59 (ORA59), two target genes of both JA/ET-mediated and the transcription factor @entity45328 -activated defense pathways. Finally, @entity49009 is physically associated with @entity45328 in @entity375 and in planta, and @entity45328 -activated transcription of @entity18614 and ORA59 as well as resistance to @entity19868 depends on @entity49009 . Taken together, these results indicate that @entity49009 regulates resistance to @entity19868 by governing both JA/ET-mediated and @entity45328 -activated defense signaling in @entity958 .

title: The @entity958 Mediator Complex Subunit16 Is a Key Component of Basal Resistance Against the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['ARABIDOPSIS', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity46699 :: ('MESH:C058487', 'Chemical') :: ['coronatine']

entities_list: @entity19868 :: ('5180', 'Species') :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum', 'S. sclerotiorum']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity19868 :: (5180,Species) :: ['Sclerotinia sclerotiorum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity19868 (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen in agriculture, the virulence mechanisms utilized by @entity19868 and the host defense mechanisms against this pathogen have not been fully understood. Here, we report that the @entity958 Mediator complex subunit @entity49009 is a key component of basal resistance against @entity19868 . Mutants of @entity49009 are markedly more susceptible to @entity19868 than mutants of thirteen other Mediator subunits, and @entity49009 has a much stronger effect on @entity19868 -induced transcriptome changes compared with med8, a mutation not altering susceptibility to @entity19868 . Interestingly, @entity49009 is also more susceptible to @entity19868 than @entity46699 -insensitive1-1 (coi1-1), which is the most susceptible mutant so far reported. Although the @entity7214 (JA)/ @entity1786 (ET) defense pathway marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 ( @entity18614 ) cannot be induced in either @entity49009 or coi1-1, basal transcript levels of @entity18614 in @entity49009 are significantly lower than in coi1-1. Furthermore, ET-induced suppression of JA-activated wound responses is compromised in @entity49009 , suggesting a role for @entity49009 in JA-ET crosstalk. Additionally, @entity49009 is required for recruitment of RNA polymerase II to @entity18614 and OCTADECANOID-RESPONSIVE @entity958 AP2/ERF59 (ORA59), two target genes of both JA/ET-mediated and the transcription factor @entity45328 -activated defense pathways. Finally, @entity49009 is physically associated with @entity45328 in @entity375 and in planta, and @entity45328 -activated transcription of @entity18614 and ORA59 as well as resistance to @entity19868 depends on @entity49009 . Taken together, these results indicate that @entity49009 regulates resistance to @entity19868 by governing both JA/ET-mediated and @entity45328 -activated defense signaling in @entity958 .

title: The XXXX Mediator Complex Subunit16 Is a Key Component of Basal Resistance Against the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogen @entity19868 .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research suggests that exclusive breastfeeding may have a stress-protective role in postpartum @entity308 ; however, less is known about the underlying mechanisms by which this protection may occur or whether the protective relationship holds for @entity1 who mix breast and bottle feeding. OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of the stress response, @entity32 , and @entity308 among @entity1 predominantly breastfeeding or bottle feeding their @entity1 at 6 months postpartum. DESIGN: A part of a larger longitudinal study across 6 months postpartum investigating the psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) of postpartum @entity308 . SETTING: Prenatal clinics and community. @entity1 : One hundred nineteen postpartum @entity1 who met inclusion/exclusion criteria and followed up from the prenatal period to postpartum 6 months. METHODS: Data were collected during seven home visits occurring during the 3rd trimester (weeks 32-36) and on postpartum days 7 and 14, months 1, 2, 3, and 6. @entity1 completed stress and @entity308 surveys and provided blood for pro- ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity310 , @entity379 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity688 ) cytokines, and collected saliva for diurnal @entity701 . RESULTS: Self-report of predominant breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum ranged from 91.9% at day 7 to 70.6% at month 6 postpartum. There were no associations between the pattern of feeding and @entity308 . Biological differences, however, existed between the groups, with levels of salivary @entity701 at 8 AM and 8:30 AM at month 6 higher and levels of @entity650 at month 6 lower in @entity1 who primarily breastfed compared to those who primarily bottle fed their @entity1 after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding was not related to postpartum @entity308 however differences in stress and inflammatory markers are apparent at month 6 postpartum.

title: The association between breastfeeding, the stress response, @entity32 , and postpartum XXXX during the postpartum period: Prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research suggests that exclusive breastfeeding may have a stress-protective role in postpartum @entity308 ; however, less is known about the underlying mechanisms by which this protection may occur or whether the protective relationship holds for @entity1 who mix breast and bottle feeding. OBJECTIVES: To examine patterns of the stress response, @entity32 , and @entity308 among @entity1 predominantly breastfeeding or bottle feeding their @entity1 at 6 months postpartum. DESIGN: A part of a larger longitudinal study across 6 months postpartum investigating the psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) of postpartum @entity308 . SETTING: Prenatal clinics and community. @entity1 : One hundred nineteen postpartum @entity1 who met inclusion/exclusion criteria and followed up from the prenatal period to postpartum 6 months. METHODS: Data were collected during seven home visits occurring during the 3rd trimester (weeks 32-36) and on postpartum days 7 and 14, months 1, 2, 3, and 6. @entity1 completed stress and @entity308 surveys and provided blood for pro- ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity310 , @entity379 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity688 ) cytokines, and collected saliva for diurnal @entity701 . RESULTS: Self-report of predominant breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum ranged from 91.9% at day 7 to 70.6% at month 6 postpartum. There were no associations between the pattern of feeding and @entity308 . Biological differences, however, existed between the groups, with levels of salivary @entity701 at 8 AM and 8:30 AM at month 6 higher and levels of @entity650 at month 6 lower in @entity1 who primarily breastfed compared to those who primarily bottle fed their @entity1 after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding was not related to postpartum @entity308 however differences in stress and inflammatory markers are apparent at month 6 postpartum.

title: The association between breastfeeding, the stress response, XXXX , and postpartum @entity308 during the postpartum period: Prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The inadequacy of the standard bacteriological method in the study of expectorations is unanimously accepted. Oropharyngeal contamination of specimens largely explains why this examination is a poor index of the causative organisms in bacterial @entity1729 . In a mixed clinical situation with few or non-specific signs of @entity2348 and of variable severity, the physician should answer two questions: 1) Is it a @entity2348 ? 2) What is the causative organism? and their corollary: 1) Should one prescribe an antibiotic? 2) Which one? Only culture of blood or pleural fluid allow an accurate reply to these questions in about 50% of cases and they are the indispensable investigations of reference. Initial efforts undertaken to improve the standard examination of expectorations never overcome the stumbling block of oro-pharyngeal contaminations. The bacterial count of expectorated bacteria, a non traumatic method, represents some real progress. In 50% of cases it enables a predominant pathogen to be identified before any antibiotics are given. Bronchoscopy diminishes contamination, allows direct sampling and the inspection and biopsying of @entity3137 and aids drainage in @entity74 . Trans-tracheal puncture avoids oropharyngeal contamination in the majority of cases and appears to provide reliable results much more often. A pragmatic approach is recommended according to the clinical picture. Bronchial and limited @entity281 which are well tolerated, heal without exception on blind antibiotic therapy. In suppurating infections ( @entity4595 , cavitating @entity55 ), the yield and the reliability of the examinations are increased. Serious @entity2348 , by their extent or by their site, justify a more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic attitude. It should be stressed, however, that @entity204 caused by inadequate antibiotic therapy remains the exception when one or two successive courses of antibiotics have been prescribed for the pathogens presumed responsible according to the clinical picture or found after one or more bacterial examinations.

title: [Bacteriology of bronchial secretions. Proposals for a practical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar infections']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['very suppurative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['attitude in bacterial respiratory tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The " @entity7105 trunk" (ET) technique traditionally has been performed to treat complex aortic diseases involving the aortic arch and the descending aorta. Despite the fact that, in recent years, the "frozen @entity7105 trunk" (FET) technique has been used increasingly for such pathologies, discussion is still ongoing in the surgical community regarding which of the 2 techniques is better. We compared our results using the classic ET versus the FET technique. METHODS: From August 2001 to March 2013, a total of 277 @entity1 underwent total aortic arch replacement and either ET (group A) or FET (group B) implantation. In group A, 97 @entity1 (59 @entity1 ; age 59.7    12.7 years; 44.3% with @entity439 ; 55.6% with dissection [48.45% acute]) underwent an ET procedure; 21.64% were reoperations. In group B, 180 @entity1 underwent an FET procedure (126 @entity1 ; age 59.8    13.2 years; 34.4% with @entity439 ; 63.3% with dissection [35% acute]); 30% were reoperations. RESULTS: In group A, in-hospital mortality was 24.7%; @entity64 rate was 12.4%. During follow-up, 27.8% underwent a second-stage procedure. In group B, in-hospital mortality was 12.2%; @entity64  rate was 13.3%. During follow-up, 27.7% @entity1 underwent further interventions in the downstream aorta. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 with combined aortic arch and descending @entity449 limited to the proximal descending aorta, the FET approach potentially allows for single-stage therapy, whereas a second-stage operation is inevitable with the classic ET approach. Moreover, owing to the availability of prefabricated, easy-to-use, FET, hybrid prostheses that result in significantly better outcomes in @entity1 who have acute aortic dissection, type A, and if necessary, and provide an ideal "landing zone" for future endovascular completion, the classic ET procedure is "freezing," in the sense that it is being replaced by the FET approach.

title: The XXXX trunk is freezing: The Hannover experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to seek associations between positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters, contrast enhanced neck computed tomography (CECT) and pathological findings, and to determine the potential prognostic value of PET/CT and CECT parameters in @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ). MATERIALS AND METHOD: 36 @entity1544 @entity1 underwent staging PET/CT and 30/36 of @entity1 had CECT. PET/CT parameters were measured for the @entity5 and the hottest involved node, including maximum, mean, and peak standardized uptake values (SUV max, SUV mean, and SUV peak), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), @entity209 ( @entity209 ), and normalized @entity209 (N @entity209 ). Qualitative assessment of PET/CT and CECT were also performed. Pathological outcomes included: perineural invasion, @entity3 , nodal extracapsular spread, grade, pathologic T and N stages. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit for each parameter and outcome adjusting for potentially confounding variables. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used for progression free survival (PFS), locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and distant @entity3 free survival (DMFS). RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, @entity1 with high (>=  median) @entity5 SUV max (OR 6.3), SUV mean (OR 6.3), MTV (OR 19.0), TLG (OR 19.0), @entity209 (OR 11.7) and N @entity209 (OR 19.0) had high pathological T-stage (T3/T4) (p<0.05). Ring/heterogeneous pattern on CECT qualitative assessment was associated with worse DMFS and @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: High PET/CT parameters were associated with pathologically advanced T stage (T3/T4). Qualitative assessment of CECT has prognostic value. PET/CT parameters did not predict clinical outcome.

title: 18F-FDG-PET/CT parameters as imaging biomarkers in XXXX , is visual analysis of PET and contrast enhanced CT better than the numbers?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['OCSCC', 'oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['standardized added metabolic activity', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Bile duct ligation in the @entity35 leads to a rapid increase in hepatic and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Within 12 hr after bile duct ligation, hepatic alkaline phosphatase has increased 7-fold and serum alkaline phosphatase activity 2(1/2)-fold. The elevation in the serum activity is completely due to an increase in an isozyme that appears to originate in the liver. This serum isozyme and liver phosphatase, both partially purified by @entity8851 -cellulose column chromatography, have identical Michaelis constants, pH optima, and rates of heat denaturation. These isozymes migrate identically when subjected to electrophoresis on @entity2975 gel, and their migration rates are equally slowed after neuraminidase digestion. The data suggest that the rise in hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity is dependent on de novo protein synthesis. @entity1880 , in a dose that inhibited incorporation of @entity368 - @entity3209 into protein by 68%, inhibited the rise in liver phosphatase by 98% and that in serum by 80%. The rise in liver phosphatase activity could not be accounted for by simple retention of alkaline phosphatase that would normally appear in bile. The rise in liver activity after bile duct ligation was 240 times greater than the amount of phosphatase that normally appears in bile over a similar period of time. @entity1880 had no effect on the bile duct ligation-induced changes in the serum and liver glutamic pyruvic transaminase.

title: Induction of XXXX liver alkaline phosphatase: the mechanism of the serum elevation in bile duct obstruction.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ) and @entity7025 (definite @entity7025 ) have similar cerebral angiographic features, but whether these @entity66 have similar etiology or genetic background remains unclear. Recently, we have reported that the recently identified @entity7025 susceptibility gene variant @entity8731 @entity71283 ( @entity60352 ) was associated with @entity731 intracranial major @entity2791 /occlusion. The present study investigated the occurrence of @entity8731 @entity71283 in @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . METHODS: This study was a 2-hospital-based case-control study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital and Kanto Neurosurgical Hospital. A total of 87 Japanese @entity1 who agreed to participate in this study were enrolled among both new and revisiting outpatients from October 2011 to December 2013 as follows: 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 and 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . RESULTS: The 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 included 3 @entity1 with previous irradiation, 2 with @entity1378 , 1 with @entity2689 , 1 with @entity693 , 1 with Beh  et disease, and 1 with idiopathic @entity693 . The 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 included 66 @entity1 (84.6%) with the @entity71283 variant (64 heterozygotes and 2 homozygous). In contrast, no @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 had the variant. CONCLUSIONS: Nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 did not have @entity8731 @entity71283 variant. @entity7025 and @entity66 might be classified by genetic analysis of the @entity8731 @entity71283 genotype. Further larger studies are required to confirm the present findings.

title: Genetic Analysis of XXXX @entity71283 Variant in Nonatherosclerotic Quasi-Moyamoya Disease.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Quasi-moyamoya disease', 'Moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity8731 :: (57674,Gene) :: ['RNF213']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ) and @entity7025 (definite @entity7025 ) have similar cerebral angiographic features, but whether these @entity66 have similar etiology or genetic background remains unclear. Recently, we have reported that the recently identified @entity7025 susceptibility gene variant @entity8731 @entity71283 ( @entity60352 ) was associated with @entity731 intracranial major @entity2791 /occlusion. The present study investigated the occurrence of @entity8731 @entity71283 in @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . METHODS: This study was a 2-hospital-based case-control study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital and Kanto Neurosurgical Hospital. A total of 87 Japanese @entity1 who agreed to participate in this study were enrolled among both new and revisiting outpatients from October 2011 to December 2013 as follows: 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 and 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . RESULTS: The 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 included 3 @entity1 with previous irradiation, 2 with @entity1378 , 1 with @entity2689 , 1 with @entity693 , 1 with Beh  et disease, and 1 with idiopathic @entity693 . The 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 included 66 @entity1 (84.6%) with the @entity71283 variant (64 heterozygotes and 2 homozygous). In contrast, no @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 had the variant. CONCLUSIONS: Nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 did not have @entity8731 @entity71283 variant. @entity7025 and @entity66 might be classified by genetic analysis of the @entity8731 @entity71283 genotype. Further larger studies are required to confirm the present findings.

title: Genetic Analysis of @entity8731 XXXX Variant in Nonatherosclerotic Quasi-Moyamoya Disease.

answer: @entity71283 :: (g|SUB|G|14576|A,DNAMutation) :: ['c.14576G>A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) is the most common variant of @entity784 . Although @entity4888 often has an indolent course, @entity1 can progress to, or present with, advanced stage (stage IIB-IVB) @entity4888 or with the @entity1778 ( @entity4889 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated multiple prognostic variables, including demographics, age, TNMB (blood) stage, histologic features, @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), white blood cell counts, and response to treatment, in 168 @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity4889 from 2007 to June 2014. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the prognostic factors with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: We analyzed 140 @entity1 with @entity4888 and 28 with @entity4889 , whose median survival was 2.47 years. A total of 79 @entity1 (47%) died of any cause. On univariate analysis, age, lymph node stage, and serum LDH level were significant for prognosis. On multivariate analysis, skin and node stage, age, large cell transformation, and LDH level were significantly associated with worse @entity1349 . Only N stage and LDH were significant for @entity66 . @entity1 who had received biologic response modifiers and histone deacetylase inhibitors first had better survival (2.5 years) than the @entity1 initially treated with multiagent chemotherapy (9 months). CONCLUSION: We found that only a few factors can predict @entity1349 and @entity66 for @entity1 with advanced @entity4888 / @entity4889 . Also, nonchemotherapy options should be preferred for front-line therapy to improve survival, outcomes, and side effects, including immunosuppression.

title: XXXX and S  zary syndrome: survival and response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'Mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage MF']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic variant, S  zary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is a very distressing symptom and remains one of the most frustrating and potentially disabling symptoms in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Its etiopathogenesis remains unclear and complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) in @entity1381 , and correlate its level with the severity of itching in @entity454 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 60 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), 30 @entity1 with @entity1381 and 30 @entity1 without @entity1381 , and 30 apparently healthy age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. @entity19157 intensity was scored as mild, moderate, and severe using five-dimensional @entity19157 scale. Some relevant clinical parameters (age, sex, xerosis, presence of @entity16 , duration of dialysis, complete medical history, and history of pruritic @entity272 ) and laboratory findings including @entity1011 , @entity1133 , @entity460 , @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone, and serum levels of @entity1199 were evaluated. RESULTS: In our study, we found a statistically significant difference in @entity1199 level between @entity1 and controls. However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity1199 levels between cases with @entity111 and cases without @entity111 . Also, there was a statistically significant relation between @entity1199 level and duration of the disease. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to understand the contribution of @entity1199 and possibly other cytokines in the pathogenesis of this distressing symptom in @entity454 .

title: Role of XXXX in @entity1381 Among Attendants of AL-Zahraa Hospital Dialysis Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Uremic pruritus', 'UP']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is a very distressing symptom and remains one of the most frustrating and potentially disabling symptoms in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Its etiopathogenesis remains unclear and complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) in @entity1381 , and correlate its level with the severity of itching in @entity454 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 60 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), 30 @entity1 with @entity1381 and 30 @entity1 without @entity1381 , and 30 apparently healthy age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. @entity19157 intensity was scored as mild, moderate, and severe using five-dimensional @entity19157 scale. Some relevant clinical parameters (age, sex, xerosis, presence of @entity16 , duration of dialysis, complete medical history, and history of pruritic @entity272 ) and laboratory findings including @entity1011 , @entity1133 , @entity460 , @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone, and serum levels of @entity1199 were evaluated. RESULTS: In our study, we found a statistically significant difference in @entity1199 level between @entity1 and controls. However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity1199 levels between cases with @entity111 and cases without @entity111 . Also, there was a statistically significant relation between @entity1199 level and duration of the disease. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to understand the contribution of @entity1199 and possibly other cytokines in the pathogenesis of this distressing symptom in @entity454 .

title: Role of @entity1199 in XXXX Among Attendants of AL-Zahraa Hospital Dialysis Unit.

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['Uremic Pruritus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant increase in protein kinase B ( @entity1994 ) phosphorylation (pAKT), due to a gain-of-function mutation of @entity4357 -3-kinase (PI3K) or loss-of-function mutation or deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity2370 ), is a common alteration in @entity263 and associated with poor prognosis. Cytosolic phospholipase A2a ( @entity22704 ) is a lipid modifying enzyme by catalyzing the hydrolysis of @entity1426 from membrane phospholipid. The released @entity1426 and its metabolites contribute to survival and proliferation of @entity263 cells. In this mini-review, we summarize the relationship between pAKT and @entity22704 in @entity263 cells. There was a concordant increase in pAKT and @entity22704 levels in prostate tissue of prostate epithelial-specific @entity2370 -knockout @entity19 compared to @entity2370 -wild type @entity19 . Restoration of @entity2370 expression or inhibition of PI3K action decreased @entity22704 expression in @entity2370 -mutated or deleted @entity263 cells. An increase in @entity1994 phosphorylation elevated, whereas inhibition of @entity1994 phosphorylation diminished, @entity22704 protein levels. pAKT had no influence on @entity22704 a expression at mRNA levels but stabilized @entity22704 at protein levels by protecting it from degradation. Conversely, an induction of @entity22704 expression led to an increase in pAKT levels in @entity2370 -mutated or deleted @entity263 cells, while silencing of @entity22704 expression or pharmacological blocking @entity22704 a action decreased pAKT levels. The diminishment of pAKT by either genetic silencing or pharmacological blocking of @entity22704 was mitigated by the addition of @entity1426 . The stimulatory effect of @entity1426 on pAKT levels was lessened by inhibiting the production of @entity1426 metabolites. These studies have revealed a link between oncogenic pathway and lipid metabolism and provided potential molecular targets for treating @entity263 .

title: @entity1994 and cytosolic phospholipase A2a form a positive loop in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aberrant increase in protein kinase B ( @entity1994 ) phosphorylation (pAKT), due to a gain-of-function mutation of @entity4357 -3-kinase (PI3K) or loss-of-function mutation or deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog ( @entity2370 ), is a common alteration in @entity263 and associated with poor prognosis. Cytosolic phospholipase A2a ( @entity22704 ) is a lipid modifying enzyme by catalyzing the hydrolysis of @entity1426 from membrane phospholipid. The released @entity1426 and its metabolites contribute to survival and proliferation of @entity263 cells. In this mini-review, we summarize the relationship between pAKT and @entity22704 in @entity263 cells. There was a concordant increase in pAKT and @entity22704 levels in prostate tissue of prostate epithelial-specific @entity2370 -knockout @entity19 compared to @entity2370 -wild type @entity19 . Restoration of @entity2370 expression or inhibition of PI3K action decreased @entity22704 expression in @entity2370 -mutated or deleted @entity263 cells. An increase in @entity1994 phosphorylation elevated, whereas inhibition of @entity1994 phosphorylation diminished, @entity22704 protein levels. pAKT had no influence on @entity22704 a expression at mRNA levels but stabilized @entity22704 at protein levels by protecting it from degradation. Conversely, an induction of @entity22704 expression led to an increase in pAKT levels in @entity2370 -mutated or deleted @entity263 cells, while silencing of @entity22704 expression or pharmacological blocking @entity22704 a action decreased pAKT levels. The diminishment of pAKT by either genetic silencing or pharmacological blocking of @entity22704 was mitigated by the addition of @entity1426 . The stimulatory effect of @entity1426 on pAKT levels was lessened by inhibiting the production of @entity1426 metabolites. These studies have revealed a link between oncogenic pathway and lipid metabolism and provided potential molecular targets for treating @entity263 .

title: XXXX and cytosolic phospholipase A2a form a positive loop in @entity263 cells.

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate identification of factors associated with progression of @entity14 remains a challenge. In particular, it is unclear which statistical methods are most suitable to separate the effects of putative prognostic factors on @entity5 progression vs @entity5 -specific and other cause mortality. To address these challenges, we analyzed 10 year follow-up data for @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for @entity14 in 1985-2000. Separate analyses were performed in two French @entity5 registries. Results of three multivariable models were compared: Cox model with recurrence as a time-dependent variable, and two multi-state models, which separated prognostic factor effects on recurrence vs @entity204 , with or without recurrence. Conventional multi-state model analyzed all-cause mortality while new relative survival multi-state model focused on @entity5 -specific mortality. Among the 2517 and 2677 @entity1 in the two registries, about 50% died without a recurrence, and 28% had a recurrence, of whom almost 90% died. In both multi-state models @entity1 had significantly increased risk of @entity5 recurrence in both registries (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.92 and HR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.96). However, the two multi-state models identified different prognostic factors for mortality without recurrence. In contrast to the conventional model, in the relative survival analyses gender had no independent association with @entity5 -specific mortality whereas @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 had significantly higher risks in both registries (HR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.27-2.22 and HR=2.38; 95% CI: 1.29-3.27). In conclusion, relative survival multi-state model revealed that different factors may be associated with @entity5 recurrence vs @entity5 -specific mortality either after or without a recurrence.

title: Multi-state relative survival modelling of XXXX progression and mortality.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between postpartum @entity25 and postpartum @entity308 and describe the characteristics and demographics of the samples. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, EPOC, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Psych INFO. In addition, hand searches of bibliographies supplemented the electronic search. STUDY SELECTION: English language primary studies on the relationship between postpartum @entity25 and postpartum @entity308 were included. Thirteen observational studies met the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Data that specified the relationship between @entity25 and postpartum @entity308 were extracted from the studies. The data were organized per author, year, @entity1 , setting, country, demographics, design, sample size, outcomes, evidence, and effect size. DATA SYNTHESIS: The effect size indicating the relationship between @entity25 and postpartum @entity308 across the studies ranged between 0.4 and 1.7. There was evidence of a strong relationship between @entity25 and postpartum @entity308 ; however, the @entity1 in the 13 studies were predominantly educated, middle class, older than age 30 years, and White. Likewise, the definition and measurement of postpartum sleep varied across the studies, which increased the possibility of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Further research within the postpartum period involving underserved, younger @entity1 and samples with more diversity in race and ethnicity are needed.

title: A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Postpartum Sleep Disturbance and Postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain scans are essential to exclude @entity548 in @entity1 with suspected acute @entity64 before treatment with alteplase. However, @entity1 with early ischaemic signs could be at increased risk of @entity548 after alteplase treatment, and little information is available about whether pre-existing structural signs, which are common in older @entity1 , affect response to alteplase. We aimed to investigate the association between imaging signs on brain CT and outcomes after alteplase. METHODS: IST-3 was a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of intravenous alteplase (0  9 mg/kg) versus control within 6 h of acute @entity64 . The primary outcome was independence at 6 months (defined as an Oxford Handicap Scale [OHS] score of 0-2). 3035 @entity1 were enrolled to IST-3 and underwent prerandomisation brain CT. Experts who were unaware of the random allocation assessed scans for early signs of ischaemia (tissue hypoattenuation, @entity1188 extent, @entity4 , and hyperattenuated artery) and pre-existing signs ( @entity1188 , @entity10334 , and @entity194 ). In this prespecified analysis, we assessed interactions between these imaging signs, symptomatic @entity932 (a secondary outcome in IST-3) and independence at 6 months, and alteplase, adjusting for age, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score, and time to randomisation. This trial is registered at ISRCTN.com, number ISRCTN25765518. FINDINGS: 3017 @entity1 were assessed in this analysis, of whom 1507 were allocated alteplase and 1510 were assigned control. A reduction in independence was predicted by tissue hypoattenuation (odds ratio 0  66, 95% CI 0  55-0  81), large lesion (0  51, 0  38-0  68), @entity4 (0  59, 0  46-0  75), hyperattenuated artery (0  59, 0  47-0  75), @entity194 (0  74, 0  59-0  94), and @entity10334 (0  72, 0  59-0  87). Symptomatic @entity932 was predicted by @entity1188 (odds ratio 1  72, 95% CI 1  18-2  51), tissue hypoattenuation (1  54, 1  04-2  27), and hyperattenuated artery (1  54, 1  03-2  29). Some combinations of signs increased the absolute risk of symptomatic @entity932 (eg, both @entity1188 and hyperattenuated artery, excess with alteplase 13  8%, 95% CI 6  9-20  7; both signs absent, excess 3  2%, 1  4-5  1). However, no imaging findings-individually or combined-modified the effect of alteplase on independence or symptomatic @entity932 . INTERPRETATION: Some early ischaemic and pre-existing signs were associated with reduced independence at 6 months and increased symptomatic @entity932 . Although no interaction was noted between brain imaging signs and effects of alteplase on these outcomes, some combinations of signs increased some absolute risks. Pre-existing signs should be considered, in addition to early ischaemic signs, during the assessment of @entity1 with acute @entity64 . FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, Health Foundation UK, @entity64 Association UK, Chest @entity64 Scotland, Scottish Funding Council SINAPSE Collaboration, and multiple governmental and philanthropic national funders.

title: Association between brain imaging signs, early and late outcomes, and response to intravenous alteplase after acute XXXX in the third International @entity64 Trial (IST-3): secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke', 'Heart Stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['old infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain scans are essential to exclude @entity548 in @entity1 with suspected acute @entity64 before treatment with alteplase. However, @entity1 with early ischaemic signs could be at increased risk of @entity548 after alteplase treatment, and little information is available about whether pre-existing structural signs, which are common in older @entity1 , affect response to alteplase. We aimed to investigate the association between imaging signs on brain CT and outcomes after alteplase. METHODS: IST-3 was a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of intravenous alteplase (0  9 mg/kg) versus control within 6 h of acute @entity64 . The primary outcome was independence at 6 months (defined as an Oxford Handicap Scale [OHS] score of 0-2). 3035 @entity1 were enrolled to IST-3 and underwent prerandomisation brain CT. Experts who were unaware of the random allocation assessed scans for early signs of ischaemia (tissue hypoattenuation, @entity1188 extent, @entity4 , and hyperattenuated artery) and pre-existing signs ( @entity1188 , @entity10334 , and @entity194 ). In this prespecified analysis, we assessed interactions between these imaging signs, symptomatic @entity932 (a secondary outcome in IST-3) and independence at 6 months, and alteplase, adjusting for age, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score, and time to randomisation. This trial is registered at ISRCTN.com, number ISRCTN25765518. FINDINGS: 3017 @entity1 were assessed in this analysis, of whom 1507 were allocated alteplase and 1510 were assigned control. A reduction in independence was predicted by tissue hypoattenuation (odds ratio 0  66, 95% CI 0  55-0  81), large lesion (0  51, 0  38-0  68), @entity4 (0  59, 0  46-0  75), hyperattenuated artery (0  59, 0  47-0  75), @entity194 (0  74, 0  59-0  94), and @entity10334 (0  72, 0  59-0  87). Symptomatic @entity932 was predicted by @entity1188 (odds ratio 1  72, 95% CI 1  18-2  51), tissue hypoattenuation (1  54, 1  04-2  27), and hyperattenuated artery (1  54, 1  03-2  29). Some combinations of signs increased the absolute risk of symptomatic @entity932 (eg, both @entity1188 and hyperattenuated artery, excess with alteplase 13  8%, 95% CI 6  9-20  7; both signs absent, excess 3  2%, 1  4-5  1). However, no imaging findings-individually or combined-modified the effect of alteplase on independence or symptomatic @entity932 . INTERPRETATION: Some early ischaemic and pre-existing signs were associated with reduced independence at 6 months and increased symptomatic @entity932 . Although no interaction was noted between brain imaging signs and effects of alteplase on these outcomes, some combinations of signs increased some absolute risks. Pre-existing signs should be considered, in addition to early ischaemic signs, during the assessment of @entity1 with acute @entity64 . FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, Health Foundation UK, @entity64 Association UK, Chest @entity64 Scotland, Scottish Funding Council SINAPSE Collaboration, and multiple governmental and philanthropic national funders.

title: Association between brain imaging signs, early and late outcomes, and response to intravenous alteplase after acute @entity64 in the third International XXXX Trial (IST-3): secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity319 is expressed on @entity5 vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied @entity5 vaccine based on live, @entity536 bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding @entity319 . We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to @entity319 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced @entity788 @entity1 in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, @entity788 @entity1 were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 @entity1 received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. @entity5746 -specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. @entity319 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated @entity1 . We furthermore observed a significant reduction of @entity5 perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated @entity1 together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, @entity7 , and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with @entity5 perfusion and high levels of preexisting @entity319 -specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting @entity319 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of @entity319 -specific Treg and reduced levels of @entity319 -specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.

title: Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in @entity1 with advanced XXXX : A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reductions of tumor']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella excretion and salmonella']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity319 is expressed on @entity5 vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied @entity5 vaccine based on live, @entity536 bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding @entity319 . We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to @entity319 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced @entity788 @entity1 in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, @entity788 @entity1 were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 @entity1 received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. @entity5746 -specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. @entity319 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated @entity1 . We furthermore observed a significant reduction of @entity5 perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated @entity1 together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, @entity7 , and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with @entity5 perfusion and high levels of preexisting @entity319 -specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting @entity319 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of @entity319 -specific Treg and reduced levels of @entity319 -specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.

title: Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in XXXX with advanced @entity788 : A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']