abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity1355 complicated with @entity3620 @entity1 . METHODS: In 3 cases of @entity1355 complicated with @entity3620 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 @entity1 , 2 cases of @entity2615 , with chest tightness, @entity662 as initial symptom; 1 case of @entity298 , with @entity1661 , @entity490 , @entity3833 as initial symptom. One case of the @entity2615 misdiagnosed as @entity3254 . 3 @entity1 were in CT or B ultrasound guided biopsy pathology confirmed to be @entity3620 . 2 @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy, another received symptomatic and supportive treatment. Up till now, 3 @entity1 have died. CONCLUSION: The disease is a high degree of malignant, the early clinical manifestations are not specific, easily missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The treatment effect is not ideal, the prognosis is poor. Biopsy is a reliable method for diagnosis of MM.

title: [Analysis of the clinical diagnosis of @entity1355 complicated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of unusual conditions cause decreased bone mass and density in @entity1 and these may be associated with @entity174 . However, a series of reports have more recently identified that @entity1 with @entity174 ( @entity174 ) much more often than had been suspected. The common denominator involved is glucocorticoid (GC) administration, although other factors such as disease activity come into play. This review will focus on the imaging findings in this form of secondary @entity170 . @entity174 in @entity1 have been found to correlate with @entity615 . At the same time, up to 2/3 of @entity1 with @entity174 in the GC-treated setting are asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of routine surveillance in at-risk @entity1 . Other predictors of prevalent and incident @entity174 include GC exposure (average daily and cumulative dose), declines in lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores and increases in body mass index Z-scores, as well as increases in disease activity scores. The imaging diagnosis of @entity3604 in @entity1 is made differently from that in adults because immature vertebral bodies continue to ossify during growth. Thus, it is not possible to assess the vertebral end plates or periphery until late, as enchondral ossification extends centripetally within the centrum. Diagnosis, therefore, is much more dependent upon changes in shape than on loss of structural integrity, which may have a more prominent diagnostic role in adults. However, @entity1 have a unique ability to model (a growth-dependent process) and thereby reshape previously fractured vertebral bodies. If the underlying disease is successfully treated and the @entity1 has sufficient residual growth potential, this means that, on one hand, treatment of the @entity79 may be of more limited duration, and, as a last recourse, the diagnosis may be apparent retrospectively.

title: The Radiology of @entity174 in XXXX Related to Glucocorticoid Administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic VFs']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['low-trauma fractures', 'Spinal fractures', 'chronic disease sustain vertebral fractures', 'VFs']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Childhood Osteoporosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of unusual conditions cause decreased bone mass and density in @entity1 and these may be associated with @entity174 . However, a series of reports have more recently identified that @entity1 with @entity174 ( @entity174 ) much more often than had been suspected. The common denominator involved is glucocorticoid (GC) administration, although other factors such as disease activity come into play. This review will focus on the imaging findings in this form of secondary @entity170 . @entity174 in @entity1 have been found to correlate with @entity615 . At the same time, up to 2/3 of @entity1 with @entity174 in the GC-treated setting are asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of routine surveillance in at-risk @entity1 . Other predictors of prevalent and incident @entity174 include GC exposure (average daily and cumulative dose), declines in lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores and increases in body mass index Z-scores, as well as increases in disease activity scores. The imaging diagnosis of @entity3604 in @entity1 is made differently from that in adults because immature vertebral bodies continue to ossify during growth. Thus, it is not possible to assess the vertebral end plates or periphery until late, as enchondral ossification extends centripetally within the centrum. Diagnosis, therefore, is much more dependent upon changes in shape than on loss of structural integrity, which may have a more prominent diagnostic role in adults. However, @entity1 have a unique ability to model (a growth-dependent process) and thereby reshape previously fractured vertebral bodies. If the underlying disease is successfully treated and the @entity1 has sufficient residual growth potential, this means that, on one hand, treatment of the @entity79 may be of more limited duration, and, as a last recourse, the diagnosis may be apparent retrospectively.

title: The Radiology of XXXX in @entity170 Related to Glucocorticoid Administration.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Vertebral Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 is the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Current medical treatment using antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants has a significant morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine if epicardial @entity955 can be safely performed and return @entity1 to sinus rhythm. METHODS: A prospective analysis of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery was performed. @entity1 with a prior pacemaker/defibrillator, history of @entity943 , preoperative antiarrhythmic, age greater than 85 years, history of @entity64 , or intraaortic balloon pump were excluded. @entity955 wires were placed on the right and left atrium. Bipolar atrial and ventricular pacing wires were also placed. The wires were tested in the operating room. @entity1 who went into @entity86 were cardioverted with 3 J, 6 J, or 9 J. RESULTS: There were 45 @entity1 enrolled. Sixteen @entity1 (35%) went into @entity86 during their hospital stay. Mean time to onset of @entity955 was 2.6 +/- 1.4 days after surgery. Fifteen @entity1 were successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm on the primary cardioversion, with mean of 5.7 +/- 2.4 J. One @entity1 was cardioverted at 6 hours after onset of @entity955 , at 6 J. Recurrent @entity955 occurred in 4 @entity1 during their hospital stay. All 4 of these @entity1 were cardioverted with a mean of 6.4 +/- 2.6 J. All wires were removed the day before @entity1 were discharged. There were no complications with wire insertion or removal. There were no adverse neurologic events. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 +/- 2.2 days. All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a temporary atrial defibrillator to resynchronize @entity1 in @entity86 is safe and effective.

title: @entity955 : successful treatment of postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative arial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'Temporary epicardial atrial cardioversion', 'atrial defibrillation', 'arial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 is the most common complication after cardiac surgery. Current medical treatment using antiarrhythmics and anticoagulants has a significant morbidity. The goal of this study was to determine if epicardial @entity955 can be safely performed and return @entity1 to sinus rhythm. METHODS: A prospective analysis of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery was performed. @entity1 with a prior pacemaker/defibrillator, history of @entity943 , preoperative antiarrhythmic, age greater than 85 years, history of @entity64 , or intraaortic balloon pump were excluded. @entity955 wires were placed on the right and left atrium. Bipolar atrial and ventricular pacing wires were also placed. The wires were tested in the operating room. @entity1 who went into @entity86 were cardioverted with 3 J, 6 J, or 9 J. RESULTS: There were 45 @entity1 enrolled. Sixteen @entity1 (35%) went into @entity86 during their hospital stay. Mean time to onset of @entity955 was 2.6 +/- 1.4 days after surgery. Fifteen @entity1 were successfully cardioverted to sinus rhythm on the primary cardioversion, with mean of 5.7 +/- 2.4 J. One @entity1 was cardioverted at 6 hours after onset of @entity955 , at 6 J. Recurrent @entity955 occurred in 4 @entity1 during their hospital stay. All 4 of these @entity1 were cardioverted with a mean of 6.4 +/- 2.6 J. All wires were removed the day before @entity1 were discharged. There were no complications with wire insertion or removal. There were no adverse neurologic events. The mean hospital stay was 5.1 +/- 2.2 days. All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at 1 month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a temporary atrial defibrillator to resynchronize @entity1 in @entity86 is safe and effective.

title: XXXX : successful treatment of postoperative @entity955 .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Epicardial atrial defibrillation']


abstract: In a review of the most important examination methods for diagnosis of @entity1204 so far published the efficacy of each of the individual methods is assessed according to uniform criteria. Only the specimens diagnosed as positive were taken as a basis for the rate of correct diagnosis, in order to facilitate comparison of the efficacy of the methods with one another. The validity of the methods is briefly outlined. Cytological diagnosis of @entity1204 is appreciably less reliable than that of @entity2622 , regardless of the method used. The cytodiagnostic problems are different, depending whether exfoliative cytology or endouterine biopsy techniques have been used. @entity5 of highly differentiated @entity5 cells are most seldom identified by the conventional smear techniques. Taking the @entity1204 and @entity1869 @entity1 at Erlangen University Gynecological Clinic between 1963 and 1981 as a basis, and limiting the scope of the study to high-risk adipose @entity1 aged over 45, one-fifth of the @entity189 and one-fourth of the precancerous @entity1 would not be included in a program based on risk factors. Of the Erlangen @entity1 , a 5-year survival probability of 95% and more was calculated for @entity1 with @entity5 from cytologically highly differentiated @entity5 cells in histological stage I. It is particularly difficult to identify these @entity1 cytologically, and the prognosis for them can hardly be improved further. Cytological nucleus grading proved a reliable prognosis factor, in particular for histologically undifferentiated @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Possibilities and limits of a cytologic early detection program for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: 1. The renal medulla is a major source of plasminogen activators (PA), recently shown to induce vasodilation in vitro. Treatment with PA inhibitors has been associated with @entity8 , suggesting compromised renal microvasculature. We investigated the impact of the PA inhibitor @entity929 ( @entity930 ) upon vascular tone in vitro, and studied the effect of both @entity2435 and @entity930 upon intrarenal hemodynamics in vivo. 2. In vitro experiments were carried out in isolated aortic rings and with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies of renal microcirculation and morphology were conducted in anesthetized @entity35 . 3. In isolated aortic rings, @entity930 (but not the other inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system @entity2630 or @entity28700 ) reduced the half-maximal effective concentration of @entity2647 (PE) required to induce contraction (from 32 nm in control solution to 2 and 0.1 nm at @entity930 concentrations of 1 and 10 microm, respectively). Using reteplase (retavase) in the same model, we also provide evidence that the vasoactivity of @entity2435 is in part kringle-dependent. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity141 internalization following PE was enhanced by @entity930 , and retarded by @entity2435 . 4. In anesthetized @entity35 , @entity930 (150 mg x kg(-1)) did not affect systemic blood pressure, total renal or cortical blood flow. However, the outer medullary blood flow declined 12+/-2% below the baseline (P<0.03). By contrast, @entity2435 (2 mg x kg(-1)), transiently increased outer medullary blood flow by 8+/-5% (P<0.02). Fibrin microthrombi were not found within the renal microvasculature in @entity930 -treated animals. 5. In conclusion, both fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents modulate medullary renal blood flow with reciprocal effects of vasodilation (PA) and vasoconstriction ( @entity930 ). In vitro studies suggest that these hemodynamic responses are related to direct modulation of the vascular tone.

title: The fibrinolytic system attenuates vascular tone: effects of XXXX ( @entity2435 ) and aminocaproic acid on renal microcirculation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon amino-caproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2435 :: (25692(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: 1. The renal medulla is a major source of plasminogen activators (PA), recently shown to induce vasodilation in vitro. Treatment with PA inhibitors has been associated with @entity8 , suggesting compromised renal microvasculature. We investigated the impact of the PA inhibitor @entity929 ( @entity930 ) upon vascular tone in vitro, and studied the effect of both @entity2435 and @entity930 upon intrarenal hemodynamics in vivo. 2. In vitro experiments were carried out in isolated aortic rings and with cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Studies of renal microcirculation and morphology were conducted in anesthetized @entity35 . 3. In isolated aortic rings, @entity930 (but not the other inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system @entity2630 or @entity28700 ) reduced the half-maximal effective concentration of @entity2647 (PE) required to induce contraction (from 32 nm in control solution to 2 and 0.1 nm at @entity930 concentrations of 1 and 10 microm, respectively). Using reteplase (retavase) in the same model, we also provide evidence that the vasoactivity of @entity2435 is in part kringle-dependent. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, @entity141 internalization following PE was enhanced by @entity930 , and retarded by @entity2435 . 4. In anesthetized @entity35 , @entity930 (150 mg x kg(-1)) did not affect systemic blood pressure, total renal or cortical blood flow. However, the outer medullary blood flow declined 12+/-2% below the baseline (P<0.03). By contrast, @entity2435 (2 mg x kg(-1)), transiently increased outer medullary blood flow by 8+/-5% (P<0.02). Fibrin microthrombi were not found within the renal microvasculature in @entity930 -treated animals. 5. In conclusion, both fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents modulate medullary renal blood flow with reciprocal effects of vasodilation (PA) and vasoconstriction ( @entity930 ). In vitro studies suggest that these hemodynamic responses are related to direct modulation of the vascular tone.

title: The fibrinolytic system attenuates vascular tone: effects of @entity2435 ( XXXX ) and aminocaproic acid on renal microcirculation.

answer: @entity2435 :: (25692(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['tPA']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether differences in the rapidity of a positive result for @entity1534 can save resources, by comparing two commercially available urease kits. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five adults (130 outpatients, 55 inpatients) undergoing gastroscopy were entered prospectively. @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group 1 (if they were not on PPIs, antibiotics, H   A, @entity1535 or @entity5418 for up to 14 d prior to the endoscopy) and Group 2 (if they were on, or had been on, any of the above medication in the previous 14 d). At endoscopy two sets of biopsies, taken in random order, were placed in the wells of the Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test (Kimberly-Clark, Utah, USA) and the Quick test (Biohit @entity9294 , Helsinki, Finland). Five additional gastric biopsies were taken for histology/Giemsa and immunohistochemical study. The two urease test slides were read at 2 min, 30 min, 2 h and 24 h. Sensitivity and specificity at 24 h were determined. RESULTS: At 24 h, for all @entity1 , there was no difference in sensitivity (100% vs 97.5%), specificity (99.3%), positive (97.5%) and negative predictive values (100% vs 99.3%) between the CLO and Quick tests, respectively. There was a positive result at 30 min in 17/41 (41.5%) CLO tests, and in 28/40 (70%) Quick tests, P = 0.05. Quick test enabled the prescription of eradication therapy before discharge in all 28/40 @entity1 . Only 12 (30%) follow-up appointments were needed. If the CLO test had been used alone, only 17 (41.5%) prescriptions would have been possible prior to discharge and 24 (58%) follow-up appointments would be needed (P = 0.001). Of 2000 gastroscopies performed annually at our unit, a saving of 123 follow-up appointments (total: 8856 @entity7634 or 11 808 USD) would be achieved if we switched to the Quick test. CONCLUSION: Direct comparison of locally available urease test kits is worthwhile, since the appropriate choice results in a significant saving of resources. Local costs and follow-up protocols will determine the magnitude of these savings.

title: Detection of XXXX : A faster urease test can save resources.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or apoptosis in numerous @entity5 cell types both in vivo and in vitro. These dramatic effects are the result of a specific reprogramming of gene expression. However, the mechanism by which these agents activate the transcription of some genes, such as @entity994 ( @entity994 ), but repress others, such as @entity4910 , is currently unknown. We have been studying the @entity1 @entity7242 gene as a model for HDI-mediated transcriptional repression. We found previously that both the tissue-specific and housekeeping @entity7242 promoters were equally repressed by HDIs. Here we show that, despite an overt dissimilarity, both @entity7242 promoters do share similar core promoter elements and transcription is @entity16815 dependent. Detailed analysis of the @entity7242 promoters suggested that both core and proximal promoter elements were responsible for HDI-mediated repression. This was confirmed in a series of promoter-swapping experiments with the HDI-inducible, @entity16815 -independent @entity994 ( @entity994 ) promoter. Remarkably, all the @entity7242 - @entity994 ( @entity994 ) chimeric promoter constructs were not only repressed by HDIs but also dependent on @entity16815 . Together these experiments suggest that the overall promoter architecture, rather than discrete response elements, is responsible for HDI-mediated repression, and they implicate core promoter elements in particular as potential mediators of this response.

title: @entity7242 proximal and core promoter elements dictate XXXX dependence and transcriptional repression by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity16815 :: (6872,Gene) :: ['TAF1']


abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation, or apoptosis in numerous @entity5 cell types both in vivo and in vitro. These dramatic effects are the result of a specific reprogramming of gene expression. However, the mechanism by which these agents activate the transcription of some genes, such as @entity994 ( @entity994 ), but repress others, such as @entity4910 , is currently unknown. We have been studying the @entity1 @entity7242 gene as a model for HDI-mediated transcriptional repression. We found previously that both the tissue-specific and housekeeping @entity7242 promoters were equally repressed by HDIs. Here we show that, despite an overt dissimilarity, both @entity7242 promoters do share similar core promoter elements and transcription is @entity16815 dependent. Detailed analysis of the @entity7242 promoters suggested that both core and proximal promoter elements were responsible for HDI-mediated repression. This was confirmed in a series of promoter-swapping experiments with the HDI-inducible, @entity16815 -independent @entity994 ( @entity994 ) promoter. Remarkably, all the @entity7242 - @entity994 ( @entity994 ) chimeric promoter constructs were not only repressed by HDIs but also dependent on @entity16815 . Together these experiments suggest that the overall promoter architecture, rather than discrete response elements, is responsible for HDI-mediated repression, and they implicate core promoter elements in particular as potential mediators of this response.

title: XXXX proximal and core promoter elements dictate @entity16815 dependence and transcriptional repression by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['SRC']


abstract: @entity351 , a selective cannabinoid-1 ( @entity6510 ) receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce weight and enhance improvements in cardiometabolic risk parameters in Western populations. This study assessed these effects of @entity351 in Asian population. A total of 643 @entity1 (BMI 25   kg/m(2) or greater without @entity6 ) from China, Republic of Korea, and Taiwan were prescribed a hypocaloric diet (600   kcal/day deficit) and randomized to @entity351 20   mg (n = 318) or placebo (n = 325) for 9months. The primary efficacy variable was weight change from baseline after 9 months of treatment. Results showed that @entity351 group lost more weight than placebo, (LSM    SEM of -4.7    0.3   kg vs. -1.7    0.3   kg, P < .0001). The 5% and 10% responders were 2 or 3 folds more in the @entity351 group (53.0% vs. 20.0% and 21.5% vs. 5.7%, resp.) (P < .0001). @entity351 also significantly increased HDL- @entity165 , decreased @entity1674 and waist circumference,by 7.1%, 10.6%, and 2.8   cm, respectively (P < .0001). This study confirmed the comparable efficacy and safety profile of @entity351 in Asian population to Caucasians. Owing to the recent suspension of all the @entity6510 antagonists off the pharmaceutical market for weight reduction in Europe and USA, a perspective in drug discovery for intervening peripheral @entity6510 receptor in the management of @entity28 is discussed.

title: Perspectives of XXXX Antagonist in Treatment of Obesity: Experience of RIO-Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity351 :: ('MESH:C089032', 'Chemical') :: ['rimonabant', 'Rimonabant']

answer: @entity6510 :: (1268,Gene) :: ['CB1']


abstract: @entity3619 with increased hepatic @entity920 concentration was diagnosed in 25 female and 1 male Doberman Pinscher @entity235 . Common clinical signs included @entity2011 / @entity4683 , @entity353 , @entity448 , @entity1087 , and @entity843 . Increased liver enzyme activities and abnormal liver function test results were the most consistent clinicopathologic changes. The @entity235 were assigned to 3 groups on the basis of clinical course of the disease. Group 1 @entity235 (n = 12) had clinical signs of advanced @entity1578 and died within one week. Group 2 @entity235 (n = 7) had less severe clinical signs of @entity409 and died within one month. Group 3 @entity235 (n = 5) did not have clinical signs of @entity221 or had mild clinical signs of @entity409 and died 1 to 42 months after initial evaluation. One @entity235 could not be reevaluated and another @entity235 was alive 3 months after initial examination. Treatments consisted of supportive care for @entity235 in group 1, and dietary manipulations and @entity288 for @entity235 in groups 2 and 3. The association of increased liver @entity920 concentration and @entity3619 is not known.

title: XXXX in 26 Doberman pinschers.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['Chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the combined use of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry and polarimetry of the retinal nerve fiber layer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Seventy ocular @entity101 @entity1 (normal optic disk and standard perimetry, elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg]), 59 @entity1 with "preperimetric" @entity1538 (glaucomatous optic disk @entity194 , elevated intraocular pressure [>21 mm Hg], no @entity227 in standard perimetry), 105 @entity1 with "perimetric" @entity1538 (glaucomatous optic disk @entity194 and clearly marked @entity227 ), and 73 control subjects had FDT screening (protocol: C-20-5) and polarimetric measurements ( @entity9999 ). Criteria for exclusion: optic disks larger than 4 mm(2), media opacities, @entity1 younger than 33 years or older than 66 years. None of the subjects had earlier FDT perimetry. One eye of each @entity1 and control subject entered the statistical evaluation. Database and statistical software were used for case-wise recalculation of all missed localized probability levels to create a FDT screening score. RESULTS: At a predefined specificity of 94.5% in control eyes, discrimination between "perimetric" @entity726 and normal subjects is superior using the FDT perimetry (sensitivity = 84.8%) in comparison to polarimetry (sensitivity = 63.8%), whereas sensitivity is similar with both methods in "preperimetric" @entity1 ( @entity9999 , FDT: 25.4%). In several cases, @entity1 classified as glaucomatous by the @entity9999 are not the same @entity1 as identified by the FDT perimetry. Therefore, a two-dimensional discrimination analysis can increase correct positive classification. Using a linear combination of the present FDT screening score and polarimetry ("the number"), 92.4% of "perimetric" @entity726 and 44.1% of "preperimetric" @entity726 have been classified as glaucomatous. CONCLUSION: Joint usage of polarimetry and FDT perimetry indicate that a combination of different techniques which can uncover different @entity726 properties, might be helpful in early @entity726 detection.

title: Combined use of frequency doubling perimetry and polarimetric measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer in XXXX detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucoma eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Strains of pigmented melanocytes can be derived reproducibly from normal @entity1 skin. Published procedures have been modified here to yield a strain, 'Nohm-1', comprising many unpigmented cells as well as cells with various degrees of pigmentation observable by light microscopy. The unpigmented cells contain early melanosomes (pigment organelles) and the specific enzyme tyrosinase. They are on average smaller and less dendritic than the pigmented cells. Nohm-1 cells show normal chromosomal banding patterns and normal proliferative behaviour, including senescence. They form no @entity5 in @entity465 ( @entity19 . Nohm-1 cells have been cloned and yield two distinct types of colony, depending on the progenitor cell. Well-pigmented melanocytes engender pure colonies of pigmented cells, but cells with little or no pigment can produce both unpigmented and pigmented progeny. Thus there is a separate cell type, or premelanocyte, which can differentiate spontaneously and stably in culture; this cell type includes both unpigmented and faintly pigmented cells. Usefully, most premelanocytes are viable after frozen storage, unlike well-pigmented melanocytes. Some components of the culture medium affect the proportion of pigmented cells in Nohm-1 cultures, and hence probably the ratio of mature melanocytes to premelanocytes. Rapid pigmentation can be induced artificially and simply, by using a medium with increased extracellular pH and @entity669 concentration.

title: Clonal separation of mature melanocytes from premelanocytes in a diploid XXXX cell strain: spontaneous and induced pigmentation of premelanocytes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is an aggressive @entity5 in which the early diagnosis of @entity75 is known to directly correlate with increased survival. However, only a portion of biopsies showing @entity1141 will progress to @entity5 , and there are no currently accepted criteria for predicting @entity75 will progress. Therefore, diagnostic protocols that can identify the lesions that are likely to become @entity213 are required. RNA was isolated from normal keratinocytes, the immortalized but nontumorigenic HaCat cell line, and the @entity5 cell lines @entity32565 , SCC-9, SCC-25, and OSCC-3. The RNA was then labeled and used to probe nylon microarray filters that contained a total of 9184 genes (5295 named and 3889 Expression Sequence Tags). Genes whose expression demonstrated a 3-fold or greater change were considered significant. Comparison of expression profiles from normal, HaCat, and four @entity5 cell lines revealed changes in gene expression in a total of 508 genes. Of these, 16 genes showed a consistent loss of expression when comparing normal to immortalized keratinocytes. In addition, 10 genes demonstrated a consistent loss of expression in the @entity5 cell lines only. In this latter group of genes, @entity10933 ( @entity10933 ), a gene whose expression has been linked to cell invasion, was additionally investigated. Altered expression of @entity10933 in the different cultured cells was validated via real-time quantitative-PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation of biopsy samples revealed a high expression of @entity10933 in both normal and @entity7944 with a marked decrease of expression in areas of the biopsies containing @entity213 . These data demonstrate that genomic profiling can then be used to identify potential genotypic/phenotypic biomarkers that may predict which @entity75 are most likely to progress to @entity213 .

title: XXXX : a molecular biomarker for head and neck cancer progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial malignancy', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions', 'which lesions', 'dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity10933 :: ('5055', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-2', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor-2']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity10933 :: (5055,Gene) :: ['Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data guiding selection of nonsurgical treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are lacking. We therefore compared outcomes between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity157 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 2004 to 2012, 224 @entity1 with inoperable, nonmetastatic @entity157 underwent RFA (n = 161) to 249 @entity5 or image-guided SBRT (n = 63) to 83 @entity5 . We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for imbalances in treatment assignment. Freedom from local progression (FFLP) and @entity137 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: RFA and SBRT groups were similar with respect to number of lesions treated per @entity1 , type of underlying @entity409 , and @entity5 size (median, 1.8 v 2.2 cm in maximum diameter; P = .14). However, the SBRT group had lower pretreatment @entity1 -Pugh scores (P = .003), higher pretreatment @entity160 levels (P = .04), and a greater number of prior liver-directed treatments (P < .001). One- and 2-year FFLP for @entity5 treated with RFA were 83.6% and 80.2% v 97.4% and 83.8% for SBRT. Increasing @entity5 size predicted for FFLP in @entity1 treated with RFA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54 per cm; P = .006), but not with SBRT (HR, 1.21 per cm; P = .617). For @entity5 >=  2 cm, there was decreased FFLP for RFA compared with SBRT (HR, 3.35; P = .025). Acute grade 3+ complications occurred after 11% and 5% of RFA and SBRT treatments, respectively (P = .31). Overall survival 1 and 2 years after treatment was 70% and 53% after RFA and 74% and 46% after SBRT. CONCLUSION: Both RFA and SBRT are effective local treatment options for inoperable @entity157 . Although these data are retrospective, SBRT appears to be a reasonable first-line treatment of inoperable, larger @entity157 .

title: Outcomes After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy or Radiofrequency Ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evidence-based gGuidelines for acute @entity25081 recommend primarily supportive care, but unnecessary care remains well documented. Published quality improvement work has been accomplished inchildren's hospitals, but little broad dissemination has been reported outside of those settings. We sought to use a voluntary collaborative strategy to disseminatebest practices to reduce overuse of unnecessary care in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity5924 in community settings. METHODS: This project was aquality improvement collaborative consisting of monthly interactive webinars with online data collection and feedback. Data were collected by chart review for 2 @entity5924 seasons, defined as January, February, and March of 2013 and 2014. @entity1 aged <24 months hospitalized for @entity5924 and without @entity102 , @entity3465 , or intensive care use were included. Results were analyzed using run charting, analysis of means, and nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: There were 21 participating hospitals contributing a total of 1869 chart reviews to the project, 995 preintervention and 874 postintervention. Mean use of any bronchodilator declined by 29% (P = .03) and doses per @entity1 decreased 45% (P < .01). Mean use of any @entity230 declined by 68% (P < .01), and doses per @entity1 decreased 35% (P = .04). Chest radiography use declined by 44% (P = .05). Length of stay decreased 5 hours (P < .01), and readmissions remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: A voluntary collaborative was effective in reducing unnecessary care among a cohort of primarily community hospitals. Such a strategy may be generalizable to the settings where the majority of @entity1 are hospitalized in the United States.

title: A Multicenter Collaborative to Reduce Unnecessary Care in Inpatient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity25081 :: ('MESH:D001990', 'Disease') :: ['viral bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['Bronchiolitis']


abstract: The role of endogenous opiates in the colonic motor response to feeding has been investigated in four @entity235 chronically fitted with two strain gages on the proximal and distal colon and a cannula in cerebral lateral ventricle. A daily meal stimulated the colonic motility during 8-10 hrs. The colonic motility index was significantly higher during this period when an enkephalinase inhibitor, @entity12064 , was intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg before the meal. This effect was blocked by a previous i.c.v. administration of @entity836 (0.1 mg/kg) and reproduced by (D-Ala2, Met5) enkephalinamide ( @entity5171 ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. I.c.v. administration of @entity12064 or @entity5171 did not modify the colonic motility in @entity235 fasted for 48 hrs. The postprandial motility index remained unchanged after intravenous administration of @entity12064 or @entity5171 at the same dosages. These results provide evidence for a central control of the colonic motor response to feeding by endogenous enkephalins in @entity235 .

title: Enhancement of colonic motor response to feeding by central endogenous opiates in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity5171 :: ('MESH:C022118', 'Chemical') :: ['DALAMIDE']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72373 ( @entity16771 ) induced growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity5 cells using the national @entity5 institute (NCI) anticancer drug screen. In our previous study, we demonstrated that @entity16771 exerted growth inhibitory activities in the three @entity1 @entity694 cell lines (Colo 205, HT-29, and HCT-15). To identify the detailed mechanism, we examined the functional importance of @entity3544 and @entity876 in @entity16771 -induced anticancer effect. We used three isogenic @entity694 cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-), and HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-), to evaluate the roles of @entity3544 and @entity876 in the in vitro anticancer effects of @entity16771 . @entity16771 dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, cell migration and increased cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in HCT116 cells but not in @entity3544 (-/-) and @entity876 (-/-) isogenic HCT-116 cells. Additionally, Western blot showed that @entity16771 treatment induced the @entity3544 , @entity876 , and cyclin-E protein expressions in HCT-116 cells. The @entity3544 associated cell cycle regulatory protein such as cyclin D, @entity8985 , and pRb were decreased after @entity16771 treatment in HCT-116 cells. @entity16771 decreased cell migration in HCT-116 and HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-) but not in HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-) cells. We observed the up-regulation of @entity5962 , p- @entity1435 , and p- @entity3963 in @entity16771 -treated HCT-116 group but not in HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-) and HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-) groups. We assumed that @entity3544 was required for @entity16771 -induced anti- @entity694 effect through the @entity3963 and @entity1435 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell motility. Mean (   SE) pharmacokinetic parameters of the @entity16771 were as follows: AUC = 64.44    8.41, Cmax = 1.56    0.48 and t1/2 = 113.92    58.19. The pharmacokinetic data suggest @entity16771 can be applied to further clinical study. This is the first pharmacokinetic study of @entity16771 , and indicated that anti-proliferation and the cell mobility inhibition effects of @entity16771 in HCT116 WT cells may result from the induction of @entity3544 through activation of @entity3963 and @entity1435 pathway.

title: @entity5 effects and pharmacokinetic application of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity72373 :: ('MESH:C510662', 'Chemical') :: ['2, 2-Bis (4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenoxy) phenyl) adamantane']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity72373 :: (MESH:C510662,Chemical) :: ['2, 2-Bis [4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenoxy) phenyl] adamantane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity72373 ( @entity16771 ) induced growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity5 cells using the national @entity5 institute (NCI) anticancer drug screen. In our previous study, we demonstrated that @entity16771 exerted growth inhibitory activities in the three @entity1 @entity694 cell lines (Colo 205, HT-29, and HCT-15). To identify the detailed mechanism, we examined the functional importance of @entity3544 and @entity876 in @entity16771 -induced anticancer effect. We used three isogenic @entity694 cell lines, HCT-116, HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-), and HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-), to evaluate the roles of @entity3544 and @entity876 in the in vitro anticancer effects of @entity16771 . @entity16771 dose-dependently inhibited cell growth, cell migration and increased cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in HCT116 cells but not in @entity3544 (-/-) and @entity876 (-/-) isogenic HCT-116 cells. Additionally, Western blot showed that @entity16771 treatment induced the @entity3544 , @entity876 , and cyclin-E protein expressions in HCT-116 cells. The @entity3544 associated cell cycle regulatory protein such as cyclin D, @entity8985 , and pRb were decreased after @entity16771 treatment in HCT-116 cells. @entity16771 decreased cell migration in HCT-116 and HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-) but not in HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-) cells. We observed the up-regulation of @entity5962 , p- @entity1435 , and p- @entity3963 in @entity16771 -treated HCT-116 group but not in HCT-116 @entity3544 (-/-) and HCT-116 @entity876 (-/-) groups. We assumed that @entity3544 was required for @entity16771 -induced anti- @entity694 effect through the @entity3963 and @entity1435 pathway leading to cell cycle arrest and inhibition of cell motility. Mean (   SE) pharmacokinetic parameters of the @entity16771 were as follows: AUC = 64.44    8.41, Cmax = 1.56    0.48 and t1/2 = 113.92    58.19. The pharmacokinetic data suggest @entity16771 can be applied to further clinical study. This is the first pharmacokinetic study of @entity16771 , and indicated that anti-proliferation and the cell mobility inhibition effects of @entity16771 in HCT116 WT cells may result from the induction of @entity3544 through activation of @entity3963 and @entity1435 pathway.

title: XXXX effects and pharmacokinetic application of @entity72373 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anticolorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to investigate clinical effects of protruding after percutaneous vertebral plasty (PKP holds) for treatment of chronic @entity158 (CPOVCFs), and assess its safety and effectiveness. One hundred and eighteen CPOVCFs @entity1 were included, and analyzed and followed up therapeutic effects of PKP holds. All of these @entity1 were divided into NIVC (73 cases) and IVC (45 cases) group. Comparing operation time, bone cement perfusion, @entity158 intensity modulus visual grading scoring, @entity717 index, @entity174 fanterior relative height, local convex Angle, and surgical complications between the two groups. There were no significant differences between two groups for operation time of PKP holds (P>0.05). Amount of bone cement injection in IVC groups was significantly higher compared to NIVC group (P<0.05). @entity158 intensity visual modulus ratings and @entity717 index were significantly improved in both groups after surgery and postoperative follow-up period compared to pre-operation (P<0.05). @entity174 fanterior margin relative height and local convex angle were also significantly improved (P<0.05). @entity174 fanterior margin relative height was also significantly improved for IVC compared to NIVC group (P<0.05). There were no differences for bone cement leakage rate and adjacent segment @entity174 between two groups (P>0.05). But there was a case of bone cement loose, which needs to be treated for further step. In conclusion, PKP holds is a kind of effective and safe method for the IVC and NIVC @entity1 . Especially for the IVC @entity1 , PKP holds can significantly improve the @entity174 fanterior margin relative height.

title: Therapeutic effects of PKP on chronic XXXX with or without intravertebral cleft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reported that up to one-third of @entity1 might have some @entity260 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The predictive factors for @entity166 remains conflicted, which was the main objective of this study. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis using data from enrolled 411 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1290 underwent PCNL from 2008 to 2013. The correlation between @entity260 with demographic characteristics, comorbidities and perioperative features was analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression analysis was used for assessment of risk factors associatedwith @entity166 . RESULTS: The mean age of 411 @entity1 included was 53.6 years and male @entity1 occupied 57.9%. Of all the 411 @entity1 enrolled, 145 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). The comorbidity of @entity6 and complete staghorn calculi were suggested to be independent risk factors for postoperative infectious complications by Logistic regression analysis. The overall complication rate was 31.1% (128/411) and 33 cases (8.0%) was categorized as major complications according to the modified Clavien score. The comorbidity of @entity6 and an upper pole tract were risk factors for the occurrence of major complications after PCNL. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity of @entity6 was significantly associated with an increasing incidence of both @entity260 after PCNL.

title: @entity6 , a risk factor for both XXXX after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and major postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious and major complications']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious and major complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is reported that up to one-third of @entity1 might have some @entity260 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The predictive factors for @entity166 remains conflicted, which was the main objective of this study. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis using data from enrolled 411 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1290 underwent PCNL from 2008 to 2013. The correlation between @entity260 with demographic characteristics, comorbidities and perioperative features was analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Logistic regression analysis was used for assessment of risk factors associatedwith @entity166 . RESULTS: The mean age of 411 @entity1 included was 53.6 years and male @entity1 occupied 57.9%. Of all the 411 @entity1 enrolled, 145 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). The comorbidity of @entity6 and complete staghorn calculi were suggested to be independent risk factors for postoperative infectious complications by Logistic regression analysis. The overall complication rate was 31.1% (128/411) and 33 cases (8.0%) was categorized as major complications according to the modified Clavien score. The comorbidity of @entity6 and an upper pole tract were risk factors for the occurrence of major complications after PCNL. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity of @entity6 was significantly associated with an increasing incidence of both @entity260 after PCNL.

title: XXXX , a risk factor for both @entity166 after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Strains of @entity37600 virus isolated from enzootic habitats during interepizootic periods in Middle America and northern South America can be distinguished from each other antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition. This test has provided the basis for the classification of these virus strains into subtypes I-E and I-D, respectively. Virus strains of these two subtypes have been found to differ profoundly with respect to virulence for English short hair @entity840 . Studies are described which confirm that virus strains of the I-D subtype are @entity840 virulent, and that virulence is not the result of cocycling subpopulations of epizootic subtype I-AB or I-C virions. Two additional markers were found which distinguish subtype I-D and I-E @entity37600 virus strains. Firstly, @entity692 chromatography of intact virions at pH 6.5 showed differential elution of I-D and I-E prototype strains. Virions of subtype I-D strains eluted at 0.08 to 0.11 M @entity1391 , while those of subtype I-E strains eluted at 0.15 to 0.20 M @entity1391 . Secondly, the isoelectric points of the E1 envelope glycoproteins of the I-D and I-E prototype strains were significantly different; pH 6.85 to 7.00 and pH 7.25 to 7.30, respectively. There was no significant difference in the isoelectric points of the E2 envelope glycoproteins. These distinguishing characteristics most likely reflect a fundamental difference in virion surface structure.

title: Markers of XXXX virus which distinguish enzootic strains of subtype I-D from those of I-E.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity37600 :: ('MESH:D004685', 'Disease') :: ['Venezuelan encephalitis']

answer: @entity37600 :: (MESH:D004685,Disease) :: ['Venezuelan encephalitis']


abstract: The effect of water-soluble components of extra-old Cheddar cheese on experimental caries was tested by means of the seven-day @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). Two @entity291 enamel blocks were placed in each buccal flange of the dental appliances of five volunteers. One side of each appliance (experimental) was dipped in a 25% water extract of the cheese for five min, while the other side (control) was dipped in de-ionized water. Immediately thereafter, the appliance was returned to the subject's mouth, and two 60-second rinses with 10% @entity969 were performed. These procedures were repeated six times per day. The cheese-extract dippings reduced the cariogenicity of the @entity969 by an average of 55.7% (p less than 0.01), as assessed by enamel microhardness. Neither the mean resting pH nor the mean minimum pH in response to @entity969 was significantly different between the experimental and control sides. The concentration of @entity460 was significantly higher in plaque from the experimental side (32.44 micrograms/mg) as compared with the control side (19.36 micrograms/mg, p less than 0.01). The concentration of plaque @entity3151 was higher on the experimental side (12.90 micrograms/mg) than on the control side (9.61 micrograms/mg); however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results show that cheese has one or more water-soluble components which reduce experimental caries in @entity1 subjects.

title: Effects of water-soluble components of cheese on experimental caries in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral cariogenicity test', 'ICT']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: The distribution patterns of @entity1413 and fibronectin were studied in @entity75 of @entity1 aortas as well as in the regions devoid of any @entity75 of the same aortas. Frozen sections were analyzed for fibronectin and collagens by indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase analysis with specific antisera prepared in @entity95 against @entity1 plasma fibronectin and against @entity1 @entity1413 . Tissue samples were also stained for type I and III collagen distribution using Picro Sirius red according to the method described by Junqueira et al. (1979). In the regions devoid of any visible @entity75 , there is a co-distribution in the media of the aortic wall of @entity1413 , with a predominance of type I collagen. Type I collagen is also visible in the intima, as a continuous layer. This is attributed to an age-dependent change of the aorta ( @entity4288 ). Fibronectin can be demonstrated as a thin layer in the subendothelium and as a weak immunofluorescence over the media. In recent or evolutive @entity1294 , fibronectin and type III collagen appear to be strongly increased and superimposed. There is also an increase of type I collagen in the intimal region of the plaque. The co-distribution of type III collagen and fibronectin in the @entity1294 may suggest a tissue-repair-type of process, analogous to that which can be observed during wound healing. Our results suggest that in @entity75 , type III collagen and fibronectin are predominantly synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative distribution patterns of XXXX and fibronectin in @entity1 arteriosclerotic aorta.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic lesions', 'macroscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['type I and III collagens']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity1413 :: (MESH:D003095,Disease) :: ['type I and III collagens']


abstract: The distribution patterns of @entity1413 and fibronectin were studied in @entity75 of @entity1 aortas as well as in the regions devoid of any @entity75 of the same aortas. Frozen sections were analyzed for fibronectin and collagens by indirect immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase analysis with specific antisera prepared in @entity95 against @entity1 plasma fibronectin and against @entity1 @entity1413 . Tissue samples were also stained for type I and III collagen distribution using Picro Sirius red according to the method described by Junqueira et al. (1979). In the regions devoid of any visible @entity75 , there is a co-distribution in the media of the aortic wall of @entity1413 , with a predominance of type I collagen. Type I collagen is also visible in the intima, as a continuous layer. This is attributed to an age-dependent change of the aorta ( @entity4288 ). Fibronectin can be demonstrated as a thin layer in the subendothelium and as a weak immunofluorescence over the media. In recent or evolutive @entity1294 , fibronectin and type III collagen appear to be strongly increased and superimposed. There is also an increase of type I collagen in the intimal region of the plaque. The co-distribution of type III collagen and fibronectin in the @entity1294 may suggest a tissue-repair-type of process, analogous to that which can be observed during wound healing. Our results suggest that in @entity75 , type III collagen and fibronectin are predominantly synthesized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative distribution patterns of @entity1413 and fibronectin in XXXX arteriosclerotic aorta.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate changes in incidence, @entity1 characteristics, comorbidity and in the care provided in cases of @entity3036 at a tertiary hospital during the period 1973-99. METHODS: Thirty-nine cases were identified through the Swedish National Birth Registry. Incidences and rates regarding @entity1 characteristics and outcomes (duration of intensive care unit surveillance, assisted ventilation, multiple @entity410 , @entity532 , perinatal mortality, small for gestational age, and neonatal intensive care surveillance) were compared between the time periods 1973-79, 1980-89 and 1990-99 with trend analysis. RESULTS: The incidences in the three time periods were 3.0/10,000 births [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-5.9], 6.2/10,000 births (95% CI 2.7-9.7) and 10.9/10,000 births (95% CI 6.4-15.4), respectively, which constitutes a significant difference according to trend analysis (p = 0.006). There were no differences in @entity1 characteristics or comorbidity. Onset occurred in hospital in 85% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the incidence of @entity3036 reported here is contrary to international trends up until the early 1990s. The incidence in 1990-99 is also higher than the reported national incidence in Sweden 1976-80, which was 2.9/10,000 births. Despite successful identification of @entity1 at risk for @entity3036 and hospital surveillance, several cases were not prevented. Better prognostic tests that identify impending @entity3036 are needed to bring the incidence down further.

title: XXXX at a tertiary hospital 1973-99.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['predefined major complications']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['Eclampsia']


abstract: An easy, safe, and definitive operation for the " @entity1085 " is described and has been termed subtotal cholecystectomy. Eighteen @entity1 underwent subtotal cholecystectomy during a 30-month period, which constitutes approximately 7% of cholecystectomies performed at our institution. The indications were @entity2679 with severe @entity82 or inflammatory changes that prevented safe dissection in Calot's triangle in 11 @entity1 and portal @entity101 in seven @entity1 ( @entity1575 [two @entity1 ] and segmental portal @entity101 caused by chronic @entity788 [five @entity1 ]) to prevent massive @entity190 from the @entity1085 bed. The operation entails leaving the posterior wall of the @entity1085 attached to the liver and securing the cystic duct at its origin from within the @entity1085 with a purse string technique. The latter obviates the need for dangerous dissection in Calot's triangle. Control of bleeding from the remaining @entity1085 edge is greatly facilitated by the use of a running suture after each stage of piecemeal excision of the @entity1085 . All @entity1 survived the operation and wound @entity281 occurred in only two @entity1 (11%). One @entity1 required a laparotomy 1 month after surgery for adhesive @entity1744 related to the remaining @entity1085 wall and site of a liver biopsy. No @entity1 have so far developed postcholecystectomy symptoms (median follow-up 12.2 months; range 3 to 31 months). Subtotal cholecystectomy is a definitive operation that prevents recurrent @entity5990 formation, as no residual diseased @entity1085 is left in continuity with the biliary system. It provides a simple, safe option in @entity1 in whom cholecystectomy could be hazardous.

title: Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder mucosa', 'difficult gallbladder', 'gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: An easy, safe, and definitive operation for the " @entity1085 " is described and has been termed subtotal cholecystectomy. Eighteen @entity1 underwent subtotal cholecystectomy during a 30-month period, which constitutes approximately 7% of cholecystectomies performed at our institution. The indications were @entity2679 with severe @entity82 or inflammatory changes that prevented safe dissection in Calot's triangle in 11 @entity1 and portal @entity101 in seven @entity1 ( @entity1575 [two @entity1 ] and segmental portal @entity101 caused by chronic @entity788 [five @entity1 ]) to prevent massive @entity190 from the @entity1085 bed. The operation entails leaving the posterior wall of the @entity1085 attached to the liver and securing the cystic duct at its origin from within the @entity1085 with a purse string technique. The latter obviates the need for dangerous dissection in Calot's triangle. Control of bleeding from the remaining @entity1085 edge is greatly facilitated by the use of a running suture after each stage of piecemeal excision of the @entity1085 . All @entity1 survived the operation and wound @entity281 occurred in only two @entity1 (11%). One @entity1 required a laparotomy 1 month after surgery for adhesive @entity1744 related to the remaining @entity1085 wall and site of a liver biopsy. No @entity1 have so far developed postcholecystectomy symptoms (median follow-up 12.2 months; range 3 to 31 months). Subtotal cholecystectomy is a definitive operation that prevents recurrent @entity5990 formation, as no residual diseased @entity1085 is left in continuity with the biliary system. It provides a simple, safe option in @entity1 in whom cholecystectomy could be hazardous.

title: Subtotal cholecystectomy: for the difficult XXXX and @entity2679 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['gallbladder in portal hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we investigated mechanisms via which @entity1881 , a lipid soluble form of @entity270 , can directly affect endothelial activation as induced by @entity274 and @entity310 . METHODS: We measured effects of @entity1881 on @entity274 -induced lipid peroxidation as determined with a fluorescent C-11 BODIPY(581/591) probe and on adhesion molecule expression in cultured endothelial cells. In 20 healthy volunteers treated with increasing doses of @entity1881 up to 800 IU/ml for 12 weeks, plasma levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs) and C-reactive protein were measured. RESULTS: We showed that @entity1881 protects cultured endothelial cells against @entity274 -induced lipid peroxidation, while @entity310 did not induce lipid peroxidation. Moreover, @entity1881 attenuated @entity274 -, but not @entity310 -induced increases in adhesion molecule expression. In healthy @entity1 , @entity1881 decreased plasma levels of sE-selectin from 65+/-6 to 60+/-6 ng/ml (P=0.002), sVCAM from 893+/-31 to 853+/-23 ng/ml (P=0.022), and sICAM from 483+/-21 to 463+/-16 ng/ml (P=0.048). C-Reactive protein, as a sensitive marker of low grade @entity32 , was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: @entity1881 specifically inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced endothelial activation in vitro. The observed @entity270 -induced decrease in sCAMs in control subjects suggests that lipid peroxidation can take place in healthy individuals. Although @entity270 supplementation may be especially effective in specific groups of @entity1 exposed to increased oxidative stress, our study suggests that @entity270 supplementation can be of benefit in healthy individuals as well.

title: XXXX inhibits lipid peroxidation-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells and decreases soluble cell adhesion molecules in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol', 'alpha-Tocopherol']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin E']


abstract: Several dietary approaches have reduced cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat prevented coronary events in @entity1 , and a Mediterranean diet and fatty fish improved survival. None of these trials had much impact on total fat intake but rather increased vegetable oils, @entity9539 , or many other plant foods or nutrients that are linked to coronary prevention. The reductions in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) caused by these dietary therapies compare favorably with drug treatments for @entity407 and @entity101 . Improvement in blood lipid risk factors is an important mechanism to explain the results of trials of unsaturated fats. When saturated or trans unsaturated fats are replaced with monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 decreases. The LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ratio decreases. When @entity3363 are used to replace saturated fats, in a low-fat diet, LDL and HDL decrease similarly, and the ratio is not improved; @entity1674 increase as well when @entity1735 increases, except when low glycemic index foods are used. The n-3 polyunsaturated fats in fish oils suppress @entity943 and reduce @entity1674 , but they have little effect on LDL or HDL @entity165 levels. The theme should be that diet has benefits that come directly from foods, as well as from the reduction in saturated fats, @entity165 , meats, and fatty dairy foods. It is likely that many diets could be designed that could prevent @entity65 . This potential diversity is crucial for engaging the diverse cultures and tastes of @entity1 worldwide in @entity65 prevention.

title: Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and @entity1735 on plasma lipoproteins and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Several dietary approaches have reduced cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat prevented coronary events in @entity1 , and a Mediterranean diet and fatty fish improved survival. None of these trials had much impact on total fat intake but rather increased vegetable oils, @entity9539 , or many other plant foods or nutrients that are linked to coronary prevention. The reductions in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) caused by these dietary therapies compare favorably with drug treatments for @entity407 and @entity101 . Improvement in blood lipid risk factors is an important mechanism to explain the results of trials of unsaturated fats. When saturated or trans unsaturated fats are replaced with monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 decreases. The LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ratio decreases. When @entity3363 are used to replace saturated fats, in a low-fat diet, LDL and HDL decrease similarly, and the ratio is not improved; @entity1674 increase as well when @entity1735 increases, except when low glycemic index foods are used. The n-3 polyunsaturated fats in fish oils suppress @entity943 and reduce @entity1674 , but they have little effect on LDL or HDL @entity165 levels. The theme should be that diet has benefits that come directly from foods, as well as from the reduction in saturated fats, @entity165 , meats, and fatty dairy foods. It is likely that many diets could be designed that could prevent @entity65 . This potential diversity is crucial for engaging the diverse cultures and tastes of @entity1 worldwide in @entity65 prevention.

title: Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and XXXX on plasma lipoproteins and @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: A variety of indices has been developed for the quantitation of dental plaque. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the L  e plaque index and the number of bacteria on the same tooth. Furthermore, the effect of plaque accumulation on the salivary counts of some @entity2413 was estimated. Twenty volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene for a one-week period. Clinical indices and bacteriological samples were taken at the start and at the end of the experimental period. After an interval of seven days, the experiment was repeated. The relationship between the L  e plaque index and the total bacterial counts on the same area of the tooth was found to be highly significant. After seven days without oral hygiene, the total counts and the Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and @entity885 counts in dental plaque had increased by approximately two log units, while the @entity6586 counts had increased by more than one log unit. The large increase in the number of bacteria on the teeth was reflected in the salivary counts of the Actinomyces species, but not in the @entity885 or @entity6586 counts. This was due to differences in ecological habitats of these species in the mouth. Highly significant correlations were found between the @entity6586 level in dental plaque and the salivary level, and between the @entity6586 counts of the subjects in the first and second trials of the experiment.

title: Relationship between XXXX and those in saliva.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque organisms']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis', 'S. sanguis']

answer: @entity2413 :: (MESH:D003773,Disease) :: ['dental plaque indices and bacteria in dental plaque']


abstract: There has been little information and much @entity911 regarding the genotoxic effects of @entity1388 . The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) on the germ cells by means of the @entity19 sperm morphology test. Male @entity19 of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low- @entity1388 diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of @entity7034 (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received @entity7034 by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, @entity786 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for @entity1388 (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of @entity1388 following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for @entity19 exposed to @entity7034 doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that @entity7034 did not have adverse effects on @entity19 sperm morphology.

title: Effects of XXXX on the @entity19 sperm morphology test.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: There has been little information and much @entity911 regarding the genotoxic effects of @entity1388 . The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of @entity3163 ( @entity7034 ) on the germ cells by means of the @entity19 sperm morphology test. Male @entity19 of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low- @entity1388 diet (less than 0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of @entity7034 (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received @entity7034 by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, @entity786 (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for @entity1388 (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of @entity1388 following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for @entity19 exposed to @entity7034 doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that @entity7034 did not have adverse effects on @entity19 sperm morphology.

title: Effects of @entity1388 on the XXXX sperm morphology test.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) inhibits cell proliferation. This may be mediated by transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ). @entity1810 directly stops cell proliferation, restrains cells in G(0), and inhibits the uptake of platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor. These effects are identical to those observed with @entity1281 treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We cultured @entity35 thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells and measured @entity137 , cell proliferation, cell cycle, transcription of @entity1810 , and concentration of @entity1810 in supernatant medium. @entity1281 dose-dependently restrained cells in G(0) phase with no cytotoxic effect and inhibited cell proliferation by 30.86%. Anti- @entity1810 reversed this inhibition by 30.21%. However, @entity1281 treatment decreased @entity1810 transcription and had no significant effect on @entity1810 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1810 seems to play an important role in @entity1281 -mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Therefore, treatment with @entity1281 prevents @entity301 not only by means of its antiplatelet properties but also by an important inhibition of plaque growth. This relationship between @entity1281 and @entity1810 explains many other effects, such as @entity5 chemoprevention, immunomodulation, and wound healing. The aim of this study was to demonstrate this link.

title: XXXX inhibits cell proliferation by involving transforming growth factor-beta.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Acetylsalicylic acid']


abstract: This study reports quantitative and qualitative differences in intestinal @entity3645 and @entity165 in miniature @entity1707 following dietary casein or soy protein isolate. The total amount of @entity3645 in the small intestine was significantly higher when soy protein isolate was fed in comparison to casein. The values were (mean +/- SEM) 4.51 +/- 0.39 mmol and 2.43 +/- 0.08 mmol, respectively, when the proteins were given as the sole component of the diet. When the proteins were given as part of a semi-purified diet, these values were 6.44 +/- 1.04 mmol and 3.95 +/- 0.39 mmol, respectively. @entity17659 amounted to 39.6%, @entity17660 to 31%, and @entity10140 to 27.6% of total @entity3645 in the small intestine when casein was fed. The soy-fed animals tended to have more secondary @entity3645 . The total small bowel chymus content, on a wet weight basis, was 63% higher in the soy group. In all experimental conditions studied, there was a close correlation between small bowel chyme content and @entity6741 content. The distribution of @entity3645 in the small intestine showed that the soy fed animals tended to have more @entity3645 in the distal parts of the jejunum. The intestinal @entity165 contents were not significantly different between dietary groups.

title: Influence of dietary casein and soy protein isolate on intestinal XXXX and @entity6741 concentration.

entities_list: @entity17660 :: ('MESH:C010471', 'Chemical') :: ['hyodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity17659 :: ('MESH:C004821', 'Chemical') :: ['Hyocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: This study reports quantitative and qualitative differences in intestinal @entity3645 and @entity165 in miniature @entity1707 following dietary casein or soy protein isolate. The total amount of @entity3645 in the small intestine was significantly higher when soy protein isolate was fed in comparison to casein. The values were (mean +/- SEM) 4.51 +/- 0.39 mmol and 2.43 +/- 0.08 mmol, respectively, when the proteins were given as the sole component of the diet. When the proteins were given as part of a semi-purified diet, these values were 6.44 +/- 1.04 mmol and 3.95 +/- 0.39 mmol, respectively. @entity17659 amounted to 39.6%, @entity17660 to 31%, and @entity10140 to 27.6% of total @entity3645 in the small intestine when casein was fed. The soy-fed animals tended to have more secondary @entity3645 . The total small bowel chymus content, on a wet weight basis, was 63% higher in the soy group. In all experimental conditions studied, there was a close correlation between small bowel chyme content and @entity6741 content. The distribution of @entity3645 in the small intestine showed that the soy fed animals tended to have more @entity3645 in the distal parts of the jejunum. The intestinal @entity165 contents were not significantly different between dietary groups.

title: Influence of dietary casein and soy protein isolate on intestinal @entity165 and XXXX concentration.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was aimed to analyze the biometric changes in ipsilateral submandibular glands of @entity1 with unilateral chorda tympani (ChT) section during otological operations, compared with change in size of the contralateral glands and with those of healthy subjects. METHODS: 29 @entity1 with unilateral complete ChT section and 29 healthy subjects with identical ages, genders, and weights to the @entity1 group were examined ultrasonographically. The @entity1 having a mean duration to follow-up examination of 32 months (2-84 months) were subdivided into two groups by their time to follow-up as short-term @entity1 group (2-12 months, 14 @entity1 ) and long-term @entity1 group (13-84 months, 15 @entity1 ). The ultrasonographic dimensions and volumes of submandibular glands were compared statistically between the groups. RESULTS: In the @entity1 group, the glands on the contralateral, non-operated side were found to be greater than the ipsilateral, denervated glands in terms of both paramandibular depth dimension (P<0.05) and volume (P<0.01). The differences could be determined only in long-term @entity1 group. When comparing the submandibular glands of the @entity1 group with those of the control group, it was found that paramandibular depth dimension and volume of the submandibular glands on the contralateral, non-operated side were statistically greater (P<0.01). There was no difference between submandibular glands on the operated side of the @entity1 group and those of the control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The late (13-84 months) biometric results of @entity16 on submandibular gland were significant for increase in the size of the contralateral, non-denervated submandibular gland. An @entity194 effect was not ascertained in the submandibular glands denervated parasympathetically due to the section of the ChT.

title: The effects of the XXXX on submandibular glands: biometric changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ChT damage']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophying']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['chorda tympani damage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Heller myotomy using the laparoscopic approach is the best treatment that we can offer to @entity1 with @entity1318 . On not acting on the cause of the disease, we can only alleviate the persistence of the symptoms, but not make them disappear. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the results of our group in the treatment of @entity1318 by laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pre- and post-operative results are analysed of a series of 20 @entity1 intervened prospectively by laparoscopy of @entity1318 during a period from May 2003 to April 2010. For this we used a modification of the grading scale of pre- and post-operative symptoms described by Velanovich for @entity354 (a scale from 0-5). Data on the complications and the hospital stay were also collected. RESULTS: A wide Heller myotomy was performed using a Dor type antireflux mechanism. There were no oesophageal perforations or complications during the surgery. Two (10%) @entity1 had @entity260 . The mean hospital stay was 3.11    2.13 days. After a mean follow up of 55.8    14.1 months, the symptoms studied had significantly decreased after the surgery. Only 3 (15%) @entity1 had clinical symptoms of @entity354 after surgery. Nineteen @entity1 (95%) said they were satisfied with the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic treatment of @entity1318 is a safe technique, reproducible and effective technique, which achieves very satisfactory control of the @entity1318 symptoms with a minimum of morbidity.

title: [Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX : analysis of results and reflections on the technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study investigating the clinical outcome of the inside-outside cranial bolt technique for occipitocervical stabilization used to manage @entity309 was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the inside-outside technique for occipitocervical stabilization used to manage @entity309 @entity1 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Achieving occipital cervical fusion for @entity1 with @entity309 is a complex and challenging problem. Complications related to placement of occipital screws have been reported. METHODS: Occipitocervical stabilization was used for @entity3473 in 21 @entity1 with @entity309 . The @entity1 were assessed for pre- and postoperative neurologic status (Ranawat classification), @entity4048 , fusion and alignment, hardware complications, and continued posterior cranial settling. All the @entity1 underwent stabilization using inside-outside occipital screws. The technique involves bilateral fixation of cervical plates to the occiput using inside-outside screws, and to the cervical spine using pars screws at C2 or lateral mass screws at subaxial levels. Bone grafting was accomplished with autologous rib or iliac crest graft. RESULTS: During the study, 14 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with @entity309 underwent occipitocervical stabilization and fusion. The average age of the @entity1 was 65 years, and the mean follow-up period was 25.5 months. There were no surgical complications. Neck @entity158 was reduced from an average Ranawat @entity158 score of 2.40 to 0.4 (P < 0.0001). The Ranawat neurologic grade improved in 62% of the @entity1 with preoperative @entity51 . Further cranial settling was not observed in any @entity1 . There were no complications from implants and no incidence of instrumentation failure. CONCLUSIONS: The "inside-outside" technique is safe and effective for stabilizing the occipitocervical junction in @entity309 @entity1 . It is associated with significant @entity4048 , improved neurologic status, and maintenance of alignment and stability.

title: Occipitocervical fusion for XXXX using the inside-outside stabilization technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'reduction of neck pain']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation or basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Pharmacoinvasive strategy represents an attractive alternative to primary angioplasty. Using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging we compared the left ventricular outcome of the pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty for the reperfusion of ST-segment elevation @entity583 . METHODS: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was performed 1 week and 6 months after @entity1188 in two consecutive cohorts of @entity1 included in a prospective university hospital ST-segment elevation @entity583 registry. During the period 2004-2006, 151 @entity1 were treated with pharmacoinvasive strategy (thrombolysis followed by routine non-immediate angioplasty). During the period 2007-2008, 93 @entity1 were treated with primary angioplasty. A propensity score matched population was also evaluated. RESULTS: At 1-week cardiovascular magnetic resonance, pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty @entity1 showed a similar extent of area at risk (29  15 vs. 29  17%, P=.9). Non-significant differences were detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 1 week and at 6 months in infarct size, salvaged myocardium, microvascular obstruction, ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume index and end-systolic volume index (P>.2 in all cases). The same trend was observed in 1-to-1 propensity score matched @entity1 . The rate of major adverse @entity299 ( @entity204 and/or re- @entity1188 ) at 1 year was 6% in pharmacoinvasive strategy and 7% in primary angioplasty @entity1 (P=.7). CONCLUSIONS: A pharmacoinvasive strategy including thrombolysis and routine non-immediate angioplasty represents a widely available and logistically attractive approach that yields identical short-term and long-term cardiovascular magnetic resonance-derived left ventricular outcome compared to primary angioplasty.

title: One-week and 6-month cardiovascular magnetic resonance outcome of the pharmacoinvasive strategy and primary angioplasty for the reperfusion of ST-segment elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: 136 @entity1 were followed after implantation a @entity3603 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity1 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity1 ). 22/136 @entity1 had one or more episodes of @entity955 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity1 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity1 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity1 with @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity713 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity1817 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity1 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity1 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity1 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity1 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity1 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity1 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity1 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity1 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity1 the @entity591 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity1 with @entity1817 , 2 with @entity1817 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity1 a total of 15 attacks of @entity956 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity1 developed chronic @entity955 . In 2 @entity1 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity2224 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity3603 pacing, even in @entity1 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and @entity955 by @entity3603 stimulation].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome', 'SSS']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial flutter or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['Atrial flutter']


abstract: 136 @entity1 were followed after implantation a @entity3603 pacemaker (PM) for a total of 1,919 @entity1 -months (m = 14.1 months/ @entity1 ). 22/136 @entity1 had one or more episodes of @entity955 (AF) postoperatively. In 121/136 @entity1 (group A) AF had not been documented before, in 4 it was unknown at the time of implantation, but was verified retrospectively (group B). 11 @entity1 (group C) had a positive history of previous AF. Post implantation 7.4% in group A and 81.8% in group C developed AF. In @entity1 with @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) the incidence was 10/37 (27%), in those with @entity713 (AV) 6/77 (7.8%) and in cases with both @entity1817 and AV 6/22 (27.3%). The first AF episode occurred during the implantation itself (n = 2) or during the hospital course in 9/22 @entity1 (A: 11%, B/C: 64% early attacks), and later on in 13 with a time delay of 1-24 months (m = 8.5, 8 @entity1 ) in group A and 2-15 months (m = 6.6, 4 @entity1 ) in groups B/C. 2 @entity1 of group C had no AF episodes post implantation. In the individual @entity1 the number of attacks ranged from 1 to 3 (10.4/100 @entity1 -months) in group A and from 1 to 6 (20.1/100 @entity1 -months) in groups B/C. During AF 16/22 @entity1 had a ventricular rate of 110-185, m = 132 bpm. In 6 @entity1 the @entity591 was mediated by the PM and in 10 by fast intrinsic AV conduction. 1 @entity1 with @entity1817 , 2 with @entity1817 + AV (spontaneous ventricular rate less than 45 bpm) and 3 with AV needed ventricular backup-pacing during AF. In 7 @entity1 a total of 15 attacks of @entity956 could be terminated by atrial overdrive pacing, in 5 of these episodes by temporary high rate A00 stimulation via the implanted pacemaker lead system. Otherwise AF was converted to sinus rhythm by antiarrhythmic drugs. After termination AF often recurred, but only 3 @entity1 developed chronic @entity955 . In 2 @entity1 a ventricular rate greater than 180 bpm during AF reverted the PM to asynchronous mode, a possible cause of @entity2224 in one. No other complications due to the PM itself have been encountered. AF, therefore, common during @entity3603 pacing, even in @entity1 without any AF history before implant. Both the incidence and the recurrence of AF depend on the presence or absence of previous @entity943 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ @entity956 and XXXX by @entity3603 stimulation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']