abstract: BACKGROUND: This study describes the incidence and outcomes of European @entity1 requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) for @entity177 due to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 (AAV). STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : 12 renal registries providing individual RRT @entity1 data to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry in 1993-2012 participated. PREDICTOR: Cause of primary @entity8 : AAV (ie, @entity2883 with @entity2883 [Wegener] and microscopic @entity2883 ) versus 3 separate matched control groups without @entity21481 ) primary @entity631 , (2) @entity6 , and (3) disease other than @entity6 as the cause of primary @entity8 , including @entity631 (termed "nondiabetes"). OUTCOMES: Incidence, causes of @entity204 , and survival. MEASUREMENTS: ERA-EDTA primary @entity8 codes. RESULTS: 2,511 @entity1 with @entity21481 ,755, @entity2883 with @entity2883 ; 756, microscopic @entity2883 ) were identified, representing an incidence of 1.05 per million population (pmp) for @entity2883 with @entity2883 (predominating in Northern Europe) and 0.45 pmp for microscopic @entity2883 (prevailing in Southern Europe). Kidney transplantation was performed in 558 (22.2%) @entity1 with @entity1333 . The 10-year probability for survival on RRT after day 91 was 32.5% (95% CI, 29.9%-35.1%) in @entity1 with @entity1333 . Survival on RRT after day 91 did not differ between AAV and matched nondiabetes @entity1 . @entity1 and transplant survival after kidney transplantation, adjusted for time period and country, was better in AAV than in matched nondiabetes @entity1 (HRs of 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99] and 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.96], respectively). LIMITATIONS: No data for extrarenal manifestations, treatment, and relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Geographical differences in the incidence of RRT for @entity177 due to @entity2883 with @entity2883 and microscopic @entity2883 copied their distribution in the general population. Overall survival on RRT after day 91 for @entity1 with AAV was similar to that for @entity1 with nondiabetes diagnoses. Our results suggest that @entity1 with AAV are suitable candidates for kidney transplantation with favorable survival outcomes.

title: Characteristics and Outcomes of XXXX With @entity2883 (Wegener) and Microscopic Polyangiitis Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy: Results From the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry.

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Granulomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about vascular access in @entity1 starting hemodialysis therapy after @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : Adult @entity1 (aged  >= 18 years) who started hemodialysis therapy in Ontario, Canada, from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2010, after @entity8 . PREDICTOR: @entity1 clinical and demographic characteristics. OUTCOMES: Proportion and timing of arteriovenous (AV) vascular access creation (fistula or graft) 12 months prior and up to 24 months after starting hemodialysis therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Event rates and outcome predictors. RESULTS: Our cohort included 683 @entity1 with a mean age of 48 years and >50% with comorbidity index score  < 3. In the 12 months predialysis and 24 months postdialysis, 16% and 47% of @entity1 had an AV access created, respectively. In the postdialysis period, 13%, 26%, and 38% of @entity1 had an AV access creation at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. History of @entity453 , @entity6 , and peritoneal dialysis use prior to transplantation were associated with a lower likelihood of AV access creation. LIMITATIONS: Residual selection bias from unmeasured variables beyond the data elements. CONCLUSIONS: In Ontario, AV access creation, both before and after starting hemodialysis therapy, is low in @entity1 with @entity8 despite their being younger and healthier compared to the overall hemodialysis population. This highlights the need for a predialysis care pathway in the transplantation clinic and an active strategy to identify this @entity1 cohort receiving hemodialysis to align modality and access choices.

title: Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Vascular Access Creation After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney transplant failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Transplant Failure']


abstract: @entity8240 (BN) aerogels are porous materials with a continuous three-dimensional network structure. They are attracting increasing attention for a wide range of applications. Here, we report the template-assisted synthesis of BN aerogels by catalyst-free, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on @entity15583 - @entity505 nanotube composite aerogels using @entity71833 as the B and N sources with a relatively low temperature of 900   (  )C. The three-dimensional structure of the BN aerogels was achieved through the structural design of @entity505 aerogel templates. The BN aerogels have an ultrahigh specific surface area, ultralow density, excellent oil absorbing ability, and high temperature oxidation resistance. The specific surface area of BN aerogels can reach up to 1051   m(2) g(-1), 2-3 times larger than the reported BN aerogels. The mass density can be as low as 0.6   mg cm(-3), much lower than that of air. The BN aerogels exhibit high hydrophobic properties and can absorb up to 160 times their weight in oil. This is much higher than porous BN nanosheets reported previously. The BN aerogels can be restored for reuse after oil absorption simply by burning them in air. This is because of their high temperature oxidation resistance and suggests broad utility as water treatment tools.

title: Ultralight XXXX aerogels via template-assisted chemical vapor deposition.

entities_list: @entity8240 :: ('MESH:C017282', 'Chemical') :: ['Boron nitride']

answer: @entity8240 :: (MESH:C017282,Chemical) :: ['boron nitride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a new modified technique in the treatment of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) using the RetCam 3 digital imaging system - Camera-Assisted Laser photocoagulation and Cryotherapy of the Retina ( @entity8982 ). METHODS: From Nov 2011 to Oct 2013, 113 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity989 . The average post-conceptual age (PCA) at the time of diagnosis was the 35(th) week of PCA; the average birth weight was 1,041 g. According to the ETROP study, the avascular part of the retina of @entity1 with high-risk prethreshold @entity989 was treated with a trans-scleral diode laser or with cryotherapy within 48-72 h after the diagnosis. The intervention was performed under general anaesthesia under the direct visual control of the RetCam 3. RESULTS: The @entity8982 technique was used in all 23 @entity1 (46 eyes) diagnosed with high-risk prethreshold @entity989 . The average age of these @entity1 at the time of the intervention was the 38(th) week of PCA. None of the @entity1 had any serious complications during the @entity8982 procedure. In contrast to the traditional technique, @entity8982 offers many benefits: the image of the retina is real, magnified and not inverted, it shows details of the retina in a high resolution, photo and video documentation is available. Therefore the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative condition of the retina can be precisely evaluated and compared on a fully standardized basis. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8982 procedure represents a new technique providing greater accuracy when targeting the avascular part of the retina, enables better visualisation and more precise treatment, and reduces the risk of unintended damage to healthy retinal tissue.

title: A new modified technique for the treatment of high - risk prethreshold XXXX under the direct visual control of RetCam 3.

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['ROP', 'retinopathy of prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['ROP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations between the occurrence of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity1 and exposures to peri-conceptional multiple nongenetic risk factors. METHODS: For this age-matched case-control study, standardized data were collected from 435 families of @entity1 with CHD and 574 families of non-malformed @entity1 . The questionnaires were conducted on multiple nongenetic risk factors including paternal characteristics and conditions, maternal therapeutic drug exposure, housing renovation, hair perming and dyeing and parental occupational exposure. RESULTS: The CHD @entity1 weighed less than control group (P < 0.01). However two groups had no significant differences in age, height, parental age or heart rate. Educational levels of parents had a negative correlation with CHD. Conotruncal defect and simple ventricular septum defect were the most common @entity299 . Therapeutic drug exposure, @entity1800 and occupational exposure all had a high level of correlation with @entity20802 (OR = 6.74, OR = 3.73, OR = 2.82 respectively). And ventricular septum defect was associated with therapeutic drug exposure, home decoration, hair perming and dyeing and parental exposure of work environment (OR = 2.77, OR = 1.76, OR = 1.89 respectively). CONCLUSION: Multiple nongenetic risk factors may contribute to the occurrence of CHD.

title: [Clinical epidemiological study of peri-conceptional multiple risk factors and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity20802 :: ('MESH:C535464', 'Disease') :: ['conotruncal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'congenital heart diseases', 'CHDs']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different corticosteroid treatment schedules have been used in order to treat refractory @entity302 with encouraging effects on @entity410 reduction in many @entity302 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to report our experience with a hybrid treatment regimen for @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity302 other than West and @entity12924 . We hypothesized that a pulse of @entity288 effectively reduces @entity410 while low-dosage maintenance treatment reduces side effects. The results are compared with results from a review of reported corticosteroid and ACTH treatments. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, 26 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity302 with @entity410 other than @entity739 and @entity12924 were eligible for a treatment regimen consisting of three days intravenous @entity1667 (20  mg per kilogram per day) followed by twelve weeks oral @entity617 (0.5  mg per kilogram on alternate days), concluded with a taper phase. Data on effectiveness and side effects were obtained. End-points were the percentages of @entity1 who became @entity410 free or responded well. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 received the study treatment. Nine (43%) responded well and 6 (29%) became @entity410 free. All but one @entity1 had a relapse of @entity410 . Four @entity1 had reversible adverse effects. Data extracted from the literature were consistent with a good response in 48% of 192 @entity1 treated with different corticosteroids and in 69% of 103 @entity1 treated with ACTH. CONCLUSION: This new hybrid therapy of a pulse of intravenous @entity1667 and alternate day oral @entity617 is effective with a favourable side effect profile. Results on efficacy and safety justify a randomized controlled trial.

title: Effectiveness of a hybrid corticosteroid treatment regimen on refractory childhood XXXX and a review of other corticosteroid treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['refractory seizures', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intestinal stem cells (ISC) modulation and the role of circulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in @entity66 ( @entity66 ) are poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the longitudinal modifications in peripheral blood HSC traffic and putative ISC density induced by @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) in @entity66 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity66 @entity1 and 7 controls were enrolled. Circulating CD133(+) and @entity2280 (+) HSC were measured by flow cytometry, at enrolment and after 7  days and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24  months of @entity1593 . Endoscopy was performed at diagnosis and repeated at 6, 12, and 24  months following @entity1593 . We used the Marsh-Oberhuber score to evaluate the histological severity of @entity16 ; immunohistochemistry was employed to measure the intraepithelial lymphoid infiltrate (IEL, CD3(+) lymphoid cells) and the putative ISC compartment (CD133(+) and Lgr5(+) epithelial cells). RESULTS: At enrolment, circulating HSCs were significantly increased in @entity66 @entity1 and they further augmented during the first week of @entity1593 , but progressively decreased afterwards. @entity66 @entity1 presented with villous atrophy, abundant IEL and rare ISC residing at the crypt base. Upon @entity1593 , IEL progressively decreased, while ISC density increased, peaking at 12  months. After 24  months of @entity1593 , all @entity1 were asymptomatic and their duodenal mucosa was macroscopically and histologically normal. CONCLUSIONS: In active @entity66 @entity1 , the ISC niche is depleted and there is an increased traffic of circulating HSC versus non-coeliac subjects. @entity1593 induces a precocious mobilization of circulating HSC, which is followed by the expansion of the local ISC compartment, leading to @entity33 and clinical remission.

title: Circulating hematopoietic stem cells and putative intestinal stem cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['GFD', 'gluten-free diet']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal damage']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: For @entity1 in palliative care, @entity1142 is primarily a result of opioid treatment. Impacts from other factors related to @entity1142 in palliative care are rarely studied. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to identify factors related to @entity1142 in @entity1 in palliative care, and then to compare these factors between @entity1 with different types of @entity1142 and @entity1 without @entity1142 . METHODS: Cross-sectional data on @entity1142 was collected with a 26-item questionnaire from 485 @entity1 in 38 specialist palliative care units in Sweden. Three different @entity1142 groups were used; MC ONLY, PC ONLY, and MC _ PC. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios. RESULTS: @entity1 with <3 defecations/week, MC ONLY, (n  =  36) had higher odds of being hospitalized, bed-restricted, in need of personal assistance for toilet visits, and of having a poor fluid intake. @entity1 with the perception of being constipated, PC ONLY, (n  =  93) had higher odds of having poor appetite, @entity6713 , hard stool, more opioid treatment, less laxative treatment and of being more dissatisfied with @entity1142 information. @entity1 with both <3 defecations/week and a perception of being constipated, MC _ PC, (n  =  78) had higher odds of having @entity5 . CONCLUSION: There were several significant factors related to @entity1142 with higher odds than opioid- treatment, for @entity1 in palliative care, such as; hard stool, @entity5 diagnosis, dissatisfaction with information, low fluid intake, @entity6713 , bed restriction, hospitalization, and need of personal assistance for toilet visits.

title: Constipation in specialized palliative care: factors related to XXXX when applying different definitions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer- disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: As is well-known, @entity9493 plays an essential role in phase III repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Blocking of @entity9493 channels can lead to LQTS. Inhibition of the metabolism of CYPs activities may elevate plasma levels, to further increase accumulation of drug on cardiac. The elevated serum levels may however elicit unexpected @entity137 . Therefore, the inhibition tests of @entity9493 and CYP are central to the preclinical studies because they may lead to severe @entity1370 . @entity7652 is widely used as an antibacterial agent and often combined with @entity7187 to treat gastropathy. Our objective was to assess @entity1370 during the combined use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 . (1) @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents by accelerated channel inactivation. (2) The combination of @entity7652 with @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents, producing an inhibitive effect stronger than use of a single drug alone, due to the high binding affinity for the onset of inactivation. (3) When cells were perfused concomitantly with @entity7652 and @entity4581 , they showed a stronger inhibitive effect on @entity9493 currents by decreasing the time constant for the onset of inactivation. (4) The combined administration of @entity7652 with @entity4581 had a powerful inhibitive effect on @entity5322 activities than use of a single drug alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that concomitant use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 may require close monitoring because of potential @entity137 , especially @entity1370 .

title: The enhancement of XXXX by concomitant administration of @entity7652 and @entity7187 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicities', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['Berberine']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['Clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: As is well-known, @entity9493 plays an essential role in phase III repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Blocking of @entity9493 channels can lead to LQTS. Inhibition of the metabolism of CYPs activities may elevate plasma levels, to further increase accumulation of drug on cardiac. The elevated serum levels may however elicit unexpected @entity137 . Therefore, the inhibition tests of @entity9493 and CYP are central to the preclinical studies because they may lead to severe @entity1370 . @entity7652 is widely used as an antibacterial agent and often combined with @entity7187 to treat gastropathy. Our objective was to assess @entity1370 during the combined use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 . (1) @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents by accelerated channel inactivation. (2) The combination of @entity7652 with @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents, producing an inhibitive effect stronger than use of a single drug alone, due to the high binding affinity for the onset of inactivation. (3) When cells were perfused concomitantly with @entity7652 and @entity4581 , they showed a stronger inhibitive effect on @entity9493 currents by decreasing the time constant for the onset of inactivation. (4) The combined administration of @entity7652 with @entity4581 had a powerful inhibitive effect on @entity5322 activities than use of a single drug alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that concomitant use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 may require close monitoring because of potential @entity137 , especially @entity1370 .

title: The enhancement of @entity1370 by concomitant administration of XXXX and @entity7187 .

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['Berberine']


abstract: As is well-known, @entity9493 plays an essential role in phase III repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Blocking of @entity9493 channels can lead to LQTS. Inhibition of the metabolism of CYPs activities may elevate plasma levels, to further increase accumulation of drug on cardiac. The elevated serum levels may however elicit unexpected @entity137 . Therefore, the inhibition tests of @entity9493 and CYP are central to the preclinical studies because they may lead to severe @entity1370 . @entity7652 is widely used as an antibacterial agent and often combined with @entity7187 to treat gastropathy. Our objective was to assess @entity1370 during the combined use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 . (1) @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents by accelerated channel inactivation. (2) The combination of @entity7652 with @entity4580 reduced @entity9493 currents, producing an inhibitive effect stronger than use of a single drug alone, due to the high binding affinity for the onset of inactivation. (3) When cells were perfused concomitantly with @entity7652 and @entity4581 , they showed a stronger inhibitive effect on @entity9493 currents by decreasing the time constant for the onset of inactivation. (4) The combined administration of @entity7652 with @entity4581 had a powerful inhibitive effect on @entity5322 activities than use of a single drug alone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that concomitant use of @entity7652 with @entity7187 may require close monitoring because of potential @entity137 , especially @entity1370 .

title: The enhancement of @entity1370 by concomitant administration of @entity7652 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7187 :: (MESH:D018942,Chemical) :: ['macrolides']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of measuring @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) in adults with @entity73 due to @entity64 . Secondary objectives are to assess reliability of @entity1576 over trials; assess whether @entity1 could sustain treadmill walking at @entity1576 ; and compare mean heart rate during sustained treadmill walking to estimated heart rate reserve (HRR). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, single-group design. SETTING: University research laboratory. @entity1 : Volunteer sample of adults (N=8) with impaired walking resulting from @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: Three submaximal treadmill walking tests on 3 separate days; a 30-minute treadmill walking session on a fourth day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gas exchange variables were measured, and 2 independent observers identified @entity1576 . Mean heart rate response to treadmill walking at @entity1576 was measured and compared with estimated 40% of HRR. RESULTS: @entity1576 was measured successfully in 88% of all trials. There was no difference in @entity1576 among trials (P=.17). After multiple imputations to account for 3 missing data points, the intraclass correlation coefficient was .87 (95% confidence interval, .80-.95). All @entity1 were able to walk for 20 minutes at @entity1576 . Mean    SD heart rate during the session was 66.0%  8.0% of estimated maximal heart rate. There was no significant difference between mean heart rate and estimated HRR values (P=.70). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with impaired walking resulting from @entity64 , @entity1576 can be safely measured during submaximal treadmill walking. @entity1 were able to sustain walking at @entity1576 , and this value may provide an appropriate stimulus for aerobic exercise prescription in this population.

title: Feasibility of Measuring Ventilatory Threshold in Adults With XXXX -Induced Hemiparesis: Implications for Exercise Prescription.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['walking impairments']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventilatory threshold']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The consortium for the study of @entity259 (CECaT), including 20 hospitals and one research institute, was recently created in Catalonia (Spain). One of the first initiatives of the group was to perform a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity259 ( @entity259 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The cohort included 1,855 @entity1 from 11 hospitals treated over a period of 15 years (1998-2012). RESULTS: In this series, 1.470 (79.2%) @entity1 were @entity1 . Mean age was 47.7 (15.7) years old. Age was significantly higher in male than in female @entity1 , 49.3 (15) versus 47.3 (15.8); p=0.02. @entity3557 accounted for 88.9% of cases. Mean @entity5 size was 21.5 (16) mm, and was significantly lower in females than in males, 20.1 (14.5) mm and 26.6 (20.3) mm respectively (p<0.001). After a follow-up period of 5.5 (3.7) years, information was available for 1,355 @entity1 , of whom 1065 (78.6%) were free of disease, 239 (17.6%) had no @entity5 persistence, and 51 (3.8) % had died. The risk of persistent or recurrent disease was significantly associated to older age at diagnosis, male gender, larger @entity5 size, lymph node @entity3 at surgery, no signs of @entity1374 in the remaining thyroid tissue, and presence of vascular and/or extraglandular invasion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 characteristics analyzed are similar to those reported in other parts of the world.

title: A descriptive study of the characteristics of XXXX in Catalonia during the period 1998-2012. The CECaT registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['DTC', 'thyroid cancer', 'differentiated thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process orchestrated by the @entity7 system. Heparin/heparan @entity597 (HS) proteoglycans and @entity12867 ( @entity12867 ) have been identified as co-receptors, yet the mechanisms of action have not been fully defined. In the present study we characterized molecular interactions between receptors and co-receptors, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and in vitro binding assays. Additionally, we demonstrate these binding events are relevant to @entity7 activity witihin endothelial cells. We defined interactions and structural requirements for heparin/HS interactions with @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ), @entity12867 , and @entity1655 in complex with @entity319 and @entity12867 . We demonstrate that these structural requirements are distinct for each interaction. We further show that @entity1655 , @entity319 and monomeric @entity12867 bind weakly to heparin alone, yet show synergistic binding to heparin when presented together in various combinations. This synergistic binding appears to translate to alterations in @entity7 signaling in endothelial cells. We found that soluble @entity12867 increases @entity7 binding and activation of @entity319 and @entity1366 in endothelial cells, and that these effects require sulfated HS. These data suggest that the presence of HS/heparin and @entity12867 may dictate the specific receptor type activated by @entity7 and ultimately determine the biological output of the system. The ability of co-receptors to fine-tune @entity7 responsiveness suggests the possibility that @entity7 -mediated angiogenesis can be selectively stimulated or inhibited by targeting HS/heparin and @entity12867 .

title: Synergistic Binding of XXXX and its Receptors to Heparin Selectively Modulates Complex Affinity.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemokines are small, structurally related chemotactic cytokines characterized by the presence of conserved @entity462 residues. In the present study, we identified the cDNA of a CXC chemokine from @entity39745 , designated as OfCXCL12. An open reading frame of 297  bp encoded a 98 @entity3689 peptide with a putative signal peptide of 23 @entity1522 . The CXC family-specific small cytokine domain (SCY), which is highly conserved among vertebrates, was located between residues 29 and 87. The characteristic conserved @entity462 residues in the CXC motif of OfCXCL12 were separated by @entity4149 (Y). Similar to other vertebrate CXCL12 proteins, OfCXCL12 also lacked the ELR motif and hence belongs to ELR(-) subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades, consisting of fish and tetrapod CXCL12 homologs. Constitutive expression with significantly higher levels of OfCXCL12 mRNA transcription was detected in immune-related organs, including the head kidney, spleen, and kidney. Infection with bacterial and viral agents led to significant upregulation of mRNA expression in both the head kidney and spleen, in a stimulant-specific manner. Stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes by the mitogen concanavalin-A significantly induced OfCXCL12 transcription. Results from the present study suggest an important role for OfCXCL12 in immune defense against @entity2348 in rock bream.

title: A CXC chemokine gene, CXCL12, from rock bream, XXXX : Molecular characterization and transcriptional profile.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity39745 :: ('163134', 'Species') :: ['Oplegnathus fasciatus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral infection']

answer: @entity39745 :: (163134,Species) :: ['Oplegnathus fasciatus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity722 ( @entity722 ) are rare functional sex-cord-stromal @entity43 characterized by low @entity5 potential and late relapse, which rarely metastasize to the liver. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 43-year-old female, who had undergone surgery to treat a @entity1777 of the left ovary in 1976, complained of abdominal distention in May 2001. Imaging studies demonstrated masses in the right lobe of the liver, together with massive @entity843 . The @entity1 's bloody @entity843 showed no cytological evidence of @entity5 . A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and the biopsy specimen was histologically proven to be a recurrent @entity722 . The @entity1 was successfully treated surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy. Her postoperative course was uneventful and systemic chemotherapy was repeated due to the suspicion of a recurrence in the pelvic cavity. DISCUSSION: @entity722 which are rare @entity5 of the ovary, tend to be associated with late recurrence. Although most recurrences occur within 10 years after the initial diagnosis, there are occasional reports of recurrences after 10 years have been. We experienced the rare case of a @entity1 who relapsed 25 years after the initial diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The long natural history of this disease highlights the importance of extended follow up for @entity1777 @entity1 . In addition, aggressive therapy including surgery and chemotherapy may contribute to a @entity1 's long-term prognosis.

title: A recurrent XXXX 25 years after the initial diagnosis: A case report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['GCTs', 'Granulosa cell tumors', 'granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity1777 :: (MESH:C537296,Disease) :: ['granulosa cell tumor of the ovary']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application value of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) in large invasive @entity977 surgery. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with large @entity977 underwent microscopic @entity5 resection under the assistance of an iMRI system; 26 cases received surgery through the nasal-transsphenoidal approach, and the remaining four cases received surgery through the pterion approach. iMRI was performed one or two times depending on the need of the surgeon. If a @entity41 was found, further resection was conducted under iMRI guidance. RESULTS: iMRI revealed @entity41 in 12 cases, among which nine cases received further resection. Of these nine cases, iMRI rescanning confirmed complete resection in six cases, and subtotal resection in the remaining three. Overall, 24 cases of @entity5 were totally resected, and six cases were subtotally resected. The total resection rate of @entity5 increased from 60% to 80%. CONCLUSION: iMRI can effectively determine the resection extent of @entity977 . In addition, it provides an objective basis for real-time judgment of surgical outcome, subsequently improving surgical accuracy and safety, and increasing the total @entity5 resection rate.

title: Application of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in large invasive XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic teeth size and placement must be in perfect harmony with the bucco-facial structures for a successful and esthetic removable prosthesis. This study aimed to determine among young Senegalese black @entity1 facial index estimating maxillary central incisor width and distance between @entity235 points starting from bizygomatic width. @entity1 AND METHODS: 621 black Senegalese participated to this transversal study. Measurements were made using anthropometric slide caliper and electronic slide caliper. The comparative analysis was carried out by the test t of Student. The correlative analysis used the chi-square test. The risk of error was fixed at 5%. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between variables. Distance between @entity235 points was significantly (p = 0.000) correlated to bizygomatic width and central incisor width. Using bizygomatic width, the average dividing factors to estimate central incisor width and distance between @entity235 points were respectively 15.13 and 3.75. CONCLUSION: Distance between @entity235 points and central incisor width can be given starting from bizygomatic width, as guide of selecting maxillary anterior prosthetic teeth width.

title: [Relationship between bizygomatic width and the size of maxillary anterior teeth among young Senegalese black XXXX recruited in army].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'people']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 ( @entity551 ) affects 6% of community-dwelling older @entity1 . This increases to 60% when non-invasive, continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is used, due to identification of transient drops in BP which recover rapidly. AIM: To determine the clinical relevance of these transient orthostatic BP drops. DESIGN: Five-year clinical observational study. METHODS: One hundred three consecutive new @entity1 attending a Falls and @entity1163 Clinic in the UK from 1 February 2009 underwent continuous BP monitoring during an active stand. BP profiles were analysed to quantify all reductions in BP, measuring the duration of any drop below diagnostic criteria. Five-year follow-up data were extracted from hospital clinical records to assess clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Systolic BP (sBP) dropped >= 20   mmHg in 76 (74%) individuals, with 65 (63%) having >= 10   mmHg drop in diastolic BP. However, only 22 (21%) cases were diagnosed clinically with @entity551 . A sustained reduction in BP (>= 30   s) had a sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.88 for a clinical diagnosis of @entity551 , being more accurate than absolute BP reduction alone. A sustained reduction in sBP was associated with greater use of vasopressors (36%, P 0.001) and an independent, significantly greater risk of @entity204 (45% at 5 years, P 0.009). CONCLUSION: An orthostatic reduction in sBP lasting >= 30   s improves accuracy of diagnosis. Moreover, given the significant adverse outcomes with a sustained reduction, clinicians should consider this when diagnosing and treating @entity1 , as transient @entity551 does not appear to be clinically significant.

title: The duration of the orthostatic blood pressure drop is predictive of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Orthostatic hypotension', 'OH']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between diaphragm thickness assessed by ultrasound (US) with respiratory function tests and the diaphragm motor responses, in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). METHODS: 42 consecutive @entity746 @entity1 were studied (11 with bulbar-onset), excluding @entity1 with marked orofacial paresis. Investigation included: revised @entity746 functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal @entity2798 (MVV), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, nasal inspiratory pressure during sniff (SNIP); peak-to-peak amplitude of the diaphragmatic motor response to phrenic nerve stimulation (Diaphragm- @entity13432 ), diaphragmatic thickness measured by ultrasound during maximal inspiration and during maximal expiration. @entity1 were analysed in bulbar or spinal subgroups. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were studied. RESULTS: The mean age at disease onset was 58.4  11.1years and with a mean disease duration of 17.8  13.6months. Ultrasound studies of diaphragm thickness in full inspiration correlated with diaphragm @entity13432 in the whole population and in spinal-onset @entity1 ; and were similar in the two groups. Multiple linear modelling showed that FVC, SNIP and MVV were dependent on the change of thickness (p=0.001, 0.001 and 0.020, respectively) and that MIP and MEP were related to diaphragm @entity13432 p=0.003 and p=0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION: Diaphragm thickness correlates with Diaphragm- @entity13432 , except in bulbar-onset @entity1 . Respiratory tests are dependent on both diaphragm thickness and Diaphragm- @entity13432 . SIGNIFICANCE: US thickness of the diaphragm correlates with the number of functional motor units as assessed by the phrenic nerve motor amplitude.

title: Ultrasound for assessment of diaphragm in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary ventilation']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature for pediatric cases of @entity1566 without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) to investigate any possible relationship between initial @entity16 and eventual neurologic status. SETTING: A university department of orthopedics. METHODS: Following the preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic review, the databases of PubMed and OvidSP were electronically searched for articles that use individuals under 18 years old, have @entity130 resulting in @entity1566 and have no @entity174 or @entity3029 on radiographs. When available, the @entity1 ' age, sex, @entity130 and spinal cord level were recorded. Individuals with @entity130 , who had specific information on cervical level and @entity130 , were recorded as well. @entity1 who reported specific magnetic resonance imaging findings and the time from the injury were also reported. When possible, the American @entity3510 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) was determined initially after the injury and then at last follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 433 pediatric @entity1 were identified with SCIWORA. The most prevalent @entity130 was sports-related injury cases (39.83%) followed by fall (24.18%) and motor vehicle-related (23.18%) injuries. The mean improvement recorded for all @entity1 was 0.89 @entity73 grades. CONCLUSION: The most common @entity130 was sports-related and @entity130 , which occurred more frequently than other levels. Initial @entity73 grade A showed poorer outcomes in the pediatric population compared with the adult population. Initial presentation of D showed the highest likelihood of no permanent @entity16 ( @entity73 of E).Spinal Cord advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.110.

title: XXXX without radiologic abnormality in @entity1 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Association Impairment Scale', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical injury', 'mechanism of injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injuries']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature for pediatric cases of @entity1566 without radiologic abnormality (SCIWORA) to investigate any possible relationship between initial @entity16 and eventual neurologic status. SETTING: A university department of orthopedics. METHODS: Following the preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic review, the databases of PubMed and OvidSP were electronically searched for articles that use individuals under 18 years old, have @entity130 resulting in @entity1566 and have no @entity174 or @entity3029 on radiographs. When available, the @entity1 ' age, sex, @entity130 and spinal cord level were recorded. Individuals with @entity130 , who had specific information on cervical level and @entity130 , were recorded as well. @entity1 who reported specific magnetic resonance imaging findings and the time from the injury were also reported. When possible, the American @entity3510 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) was determined initially after the injury and then at last follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 433 pediatric @entity1 were identified with SCIWORA. The most prevalent @entity130 was sports-related injury cases (39.83%) followed by fall (24.18%) and motor vehicle-related (23.18%) injuries. The mean improvement recorded for all @entity1 was 0.89 @entity73 grades. CONCLUSION: The most common @entity130 was sports-related and @entity130 , which occurred more frequently than other levels. Initial @entity73 grade A showed poorer outcomes in the pediatric population compared with the adult population. Initial presentation of D showed the highest likelihood of no permanent @entity16 ( @entity73 of E).Spinal Cord advance online publication, 14 July 2015; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.110.

title: @entity1566 without radiologic abnormality in XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3494 (As) is a widely distributed trace element which is known to be associated with numerous adverse effects on @entity1 beings and animals. @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an inorganic arsenical-containing toxic compound. The effect of excessive amounts of @entity9188 exposure on gastrointestinal tract tissue damage in cocks is still unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of @entity9188 exposure on gastrointestinal tract tissue damage in cocks. In total, 72 1-day-old male Hyline cocks were randomly divided into four groups and fed either a commercial diet or an @entity9188 supplement diet containing 7.5, 15, and 30  mg/kg @entity9188 . The experiment lasted for 90  days and gastrointestinal tract tissue samples (gizzard, glandular stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum) were collected at 30, 60, and 90  days. Catalase (CAT), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), and @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity6172 -Px) activities; @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) contents; and @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145  )-mediated inhibition were examined. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that @entity1865 content in the gastrointestinal tract was increased, while the activities of CAT, @entity6172 , and @entity6172 -Px and the ability to resist @entity2145   was decreased in the @entity9188 treatment groups. Extensive damage was observed in the gastrointestinal tract. These findings indicated that @entity9188 exposure caused oxidative damage in the gastrointestinal tract of cocks due to alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and elevation of free radicals.

title: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Gastrointestinal Tract Tissues Induced by XXXX Toxicity in Cocks.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic']


abstract: Currently, there is no universally accepted treatment for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), a pathology that can cause @entity451 or @entity1688 . Due to the complexity of @entity1566 , more than one therapeutic strategy may be necessary to regain lost functions. Therefore, the present study proposes the use of implants of mesoparticles (MPs) of @entity25213 / @entity1496 (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma for neuroprotection promotion and functional recovery in combination with treadmill training (TT) for neuroplasticity promotion and maintenance of muscle tone. PPy/I films were synthesized by plasma and pulverized to obtain MPs. @entity35 with a @entity1566 produced by the NYU impactor were divided into four groups: Vehicle (saline solution); MPs ( @entity25214 /I implant); Vehicle-TT (saline solution  +  TT); and MPs-TT (PPy/I implant  +  TT). The vehicle or MPs (30   L) were injected into the lesion site 48  h after a @entity1566 . Four days later, TT was carried out 5  days a week for 2  months. Functional recovery was evaluated weekly using the BBB motor scale for 9  weeks and tissue protection using histological and morphometric analysis thereafter. Although the MPs of PPy/I increased nerve tissue preservation (P  =  0.03) and promoted functional recovery (P  =  0.015), combination with TT did not produce better neuroprotection, but significantly improved functional results (P  =  0.000) when comparing with the vehicle group. So, use these therapeutic strategies by separately could stimulate specific mechanisms of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, but when using together they could mainly potentiate different mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the preserved spinal cord tissue after a @entity1566 and produce a significant functional recovery. The implant of mesoparticles of @entity25213 / @entity1496 into the injured spinal cord displayed good integration into the nervous tissue without a response of rejection, as well as an increased in the amount of preserved tissue and a better functional recovery than the group without transplant after a @entity1566 by contusion in @entity35 . The relevance of the present results is that @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants were synthesized by plasma instead by conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Synthesis by plasma modifies physicochemical properties of @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants, which can be responsible of the histological response and functional results. Furthermore, no additional molecules or trophic factors or cells were added to the implant for obtain such results. Even more, when the implant was used together with physical rehabilitation, better functional recovery was obtained than that observed when these strategies were used by separately.

title: Functional recovery in spinal cord injured @entity35 using @entity25213 / XXXX implants and treadmill training.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['TSCI', 'traumatic spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Currently, there is no universally accepted treatment for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), a pathology that can cause @entity451 or @entity1688 . Due to the complexity of @entity1566 , more than one therapeutic strategy may be necessary to regain lost functions. Therefore, the present study proposes the use of implants of mesoparticles (MPs) of @entity25213 / @entity1496 (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma for neuroprotection promotion and functional recovery in combination with treadmill training (TT) for neuroplasticity promotion and maintenance of muscle tone. PPy/I films were synthesized by plasma and pulverized to obtain MPs. @entity35 with a @entity1566 produced by the NYU impactor were divided into four groups: Vehicle (saline solution); MPs ( @entity25214 /I implant); Vehicle-TT (saline solution  +  TT); and MPs-TT (PPy/I implant  +  TT). The vehicle or MPs (30   L) were injected into the lesion site 48  h after a @entity1566 . Four days later, TT was carried out 5  days a week for 2  months. Functional recovery was evaluated weekly using the BBB motor scale for 9  weeks and tissue protection using histological and morphometric analysis thereafter. Although the MPs of PPy/I increased nerve tissue preservation (P  =  0.03) and promoted functional recovery (P  =  0.015), combination with TT did not produce better neuroprotection, but significantly improved functional results (P  =  0.000) when comparing with the vehicle group. So, use these therapeutic strategies by separately could stimulate specific mechanisms of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, but when using together they could mainly potentiate different mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the preserved spinal cord tissue after a @entity1566 and produce a significant functional recovery. The implant of mesoparticles of @entity25213 / @entity1496 into the injured spinal cord displayed good integration into the nervous tissue without a response of rejection, as well as an increased in the amount of preserved tissue and a better functional recovery than the group without transplant after a @entity1566 by contusion in @entity35 . The relevance of the present results is that @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants were synthesized by plasma instead by conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Synthesis by plasma modifies physicochemical properties of @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants, which can be responsible of the histological response and functional results. Furthermore, no additional molecules or trophic factors or cells were added to the implant for obtain such results. Even more, when the implant was used together with physical rehabilitation, better functional recovery was obtained than that observed when these strategies were used by separately.

title: Functional recovery in spinal cord injured @entity35 using XXXX / @entity1496 implants and treadmill training.

answer: @entity25213 :: (MESH:C067635,Chemical) :: ['polypyrrole']


abstract: Currently, there is no universally accepted treatment for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), a pathology that can cause @entity451 or @entity1688 . Due to the complexity of @entity1566 , more than one therapeutic strategy may be necessary to regain lost functions. Therefore, the present study proposes the use of implants of mesoparticles (MPs) of @entity25213 / @entity1496 (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma for neuroprotection promotion and functional recovery in combination with treadmill training (TT) for neuroplasticity promotion and maintenance of muscle tone. PPy/I films were synthesized by plasma and pulverized to obtain MPs. @entity35 with a @entity1566 produced by the NYU impactor were divided into four groups: Vehicle (saline solution); MPs ( @entity25214 /I implant); Vehicle-TT (saline solution  +  TT); and MPs-TT (PPy/I implant  +  TT). The vehicle or MPs (30   L) were injected into the lesion site 48  h after a @entity1566 . Four days later, TT was carried out 5  days a week for 2  months. Functional recovery was evaluated weekly using the BBB motor scale for 9  weeks and tissue protection using histological and morphometric analysis thereafter. Although the MPs of PPy/I increased nerve tissue preservation (P  =  0.03) and promoted functional recovery (P  =  0.015), combination with TT did not produce better neuroprotection, but significantly improved functional results (P  =  0.000) when comparing with the vehicle group. So, use these therapeutic strategies by separately could stimulate specific mechanisms of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, but when using together they could mainly potentiate different mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the preserved spinal cord tissue after a @entity1566 and produce a significant functional recovery. The implant of mesoparticles of @entity25213 / @entity1496 into the injured spinal cord displayed good integration into the nervous tissue without a response of rejection, as well as an increased in the amount of preserved tissue and a better functional recovery than the group without transplant after a @entity1566 by contusion in @entity35 . The relevance of the present results is that @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants were synthesized by plasma instead by conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Synthesis by plasma modifies physicochemical properties of @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants, which can be responsible of the histological response and functional results. Furthermore, no additional molecules or trophic factors or cells were added to the implant for obtain such results. Even more, when the implant was used together with physical rehabilitation, better functional recovery was obtained than that observed when these strategies were used by separately.

title: Functional recovery in spinal cord injured XXXX using @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants and treadmill training.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was a detailed analysis of clinical and radiological results following open fixation of acute-traumatic, displaced anterior glenoid rim @entity174 with bioresorbable pins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 17 @entity1 with @entity154 sizes >= 20  %, as directly measured in preoperative sagittal en face CT. The mean @entity154 size was 25.3  % (20-35, SD 4.7). Two or three polylactid pins were used for fixation. Mean age of @entity1 at the time of surgery was 50.1  years (27-71). The mean follow-up period was 6.2  years (2.0-11.1). Follow-up included comprehensive objective and subjective evaluation of shoulder function as well as standard radiographs. RESULTS: The majority of 15/17 @entity1 obtained good or excellent clinical results according to the absolute and normalized Constant score, the Rowe score, the Oxford shoulder score, the simple shoulder test, the shoulder @entity158 and disability index and the subjective shoulder value. Quality of life (SF-36) showed reference values. Mean or subitem values of all outcome measures did not differ from the contralateral, uninjured side. Radiographically, all @entity174 healed without secondary dislocation. Radiological signs of @entity625 developed in two @entity1 and progressed in two other @entity1 . There were no @entity532 . No @entity1 experienced glenohumeral instability or had to undergo revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Bioresorbable pin fixation is a feasible and safe method of osteosynthesis for anterior glenoid rim @entity174 up to a @entity154 size of about 35  % and enables immediate active range of motion. Good or excellent clinical outcome can be expected and glenohumeral stability is reliably restored. The most common mid- and long-term complication is occurrence or progression of @entity571 . The major benefits of bioresorbable pin fixation are redundancy of implant removal, minimal risk of @entity532 and early functional rehabilitation.

title: Open fixation of XXXX with bioresorbable pins: analysis of clinical and radiological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid defect']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['glenohumeral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['implant-related complications']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['acute anterior glenoid rim fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the original surgical management of a @entity1 with severe @entity130 of both legs involving @entity254 of an omentum free @entity1912 with an emergency vascular bypass. METHODS: After stabilization of the knee with an external fixator, a femoral-tibial bypass graft was performed to revascularize the leg with the contralateral great saphenous vein. Ten days later, an omentum free @entity1912 was used with an end-to-side arterial @entity254 between the right gastroepiploic artery and bypass graft to cover the loss of leg substance. DISCUSSION: @entity254 of a free @entity1912 with a single axis exposes the @entity1 to risks of @entity715 and amputation. Lengthening of the arterial pedicle of the @entity1912 by venous graft or vascular loop might have allowed for avoidance of connection to the bypass. Nevertheless, the saphenous vein, generally used in these indications, was already harvested. The transitional @entity254 of the @entity1912 to the contralateral leg could not be considered because of the leg amputation. End-to-side @entity254 to the bypass presents many advantages: @entity254 with a healthy vessel without @entity455 , the superficial characteristics of the bypass, and lower incongruence of the thickness between the vessels compared with an @entity254 performed directly on the superficial femoral artery. CONCLUSION: A free @entity1912 anastomosed to an emergency arterial bypass is a rare situation, which is not without risk, but it is an option that is justified by its technical simplicity. However, it should only be considered in exceptional circumstances.

title: Omentum Free XXXX Anastomosed to Arterial Bypass in Open Knee Dislocation: Case Report and Discussion.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explores the associations between lifestyle factors and late and moderate @entity600 (LMPT: 32(+0)-36(+6) weeks' gestation), a relatively under-researched group. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based case-cohort study was undertaken involving 922 LMPT and 965 term (37+ weeks' gestation) singleton live and stillbirths born between 1 September 2009 and 31 December 2010 to @entity1 residing in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, UK. Poisson multivariable regression models were fitted to estimate relative risks (RR) of LMPT birth associated with maternal smoking, @entity285 and recreational drug use, and diet. RESULTS: @entity1 who smoked during pregnancy were at 38% increased risk of LMPT birth compared with non-smokers (RR 1.38, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.84)). Low consumption of fruit and vegetables was associated with a 31% increased risk compared with those who reported eating higher consumption levels (RR 1.31 (1.03 to 1.66)). @entity1 who did not have any aspects of a Mediterranean diet were nearly twice as likely to deliver LMPT compared with those whose diet included more Mediterranean characteristics (RR 1.81 (1.04 to 3.14)). @entity1 who smoked and consumed low levels of fruit and vegetables (5% of @entity1 ) were at particularly high risk (RR=1.81 (1.29 to 2.55)). There was no significant effect of @entity285 or recreational drug use on LMPT birth. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and poor diet during pregnancy, factors that strongly impact on @entity600 , are also important at later gestations and experienced together are associated with an elevated rate of risk. Our findings suggest early cessation of smoking during pregnancy may be an effective strategy to reduce LMPT births.

title: Associations between late and moderately @entity600 and smoking, XXXX , drug use and diet: a population-based case-cohort study.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['very preterm birth', 'preterm birth']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explores the associations between lifestyle factors and late and moderate @entity600 (LMPT: 32(+0)-36(+6) weeks' gestation), a relatively under-researched group. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based case-cohort study was undertaken involving 922 LMPT and 965 term (37+ weeks' gestation) singleton live and stillbirths born between 1 September 2009 and 31 December 2010 to @entity1 residing in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, UK. Poisson multivariable regression models were fitted to estimate relative risks (RR) of LMPT birth associated with maternal smoking, @entity285 and recreational drug use, and diet. RESULTS: @entity1 who smoked during pregnancy were at 38% increased risk of LMPT birth compared with non-smokers (RR 1.38, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.84)). Low consumption of fruit and vegetables was associated with a 31% increased risk compared with those who reported eating higher consumption levels (RR 1.31 (1.03 to 1.66)). @entity1 who did not have any aspects of a Mediterranean diet were nearly twice as likely to deliver LMPT compared with those whose diet included more Mediterranean characteristics (RR 1.81 (1.04 to 3.14)). @entity1 who smoked and consumed low levels of fruit and vegetables (5% of @entity1 ) were at particularly high risk (RR=1.81 (1.29 to 2.55)). There was no significant effect of @entity285 or recreational drug use on LMPT birth. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and poor diet during pregnancy, factors that strongly impact on @entity600 , are also important at later gestations and experienced together are associated with an elevated rate of risk. Our findings suggest early cessation of smoking during pregnancy may be an effective strategy to reduce LMPT births.

title: Associations between late and moderately XXXX and smoking, @entity285 , drug use and diet: a population-based case-cohort study.

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: @entity7063 ( @entity7063 ) is a rare, progressive, multi-system, @entity74 of telomere biology, first described in 1906 as the @entity7063 . The condition presents with the classic triad of @entity5806 , @entity2118 . Variable somatic abnormalities may be present; these include pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, cerebral, and dental complications. @entity3043 eventually develops, progressing to @entity2131 . In our @entity1 , the progression of @entity7063 did not follow the "classic triad" typically seen in the condition. Here we report the case of a 27-year-old male who had features consistent with this syndrome but who had a normal oral cavity associated with @entity2150 for @entity5806 and @entity2118 were the dominant clinical features. The @entity1 was advised to avoid smoking and severe exposure to the sun, and to return regularly for follow-up. Because all symptoms of this disorder are not necessarily seen collectively in any one @entity1 , physicians should consider it as a probability in all @entity1 showing signs of @entity2117 , especially accompanied by @entity2150 . Our report emphasizes the fact that not all components of the syndrome need to be present and in all cases of genodermatosis, pleomorphism may be expected with variable clinical manifestations. Even though many variants have been described in literature, sparing of the oral cavity as in our @entity1 is extremely uncommon. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the mucocutaneous manifestation of @entity7063 and its diagnosis and refer the @entity1 for better evaluation.

title: @entity7063 Without Oral Involvement: A Rare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['which longstanding nail dystrophy', 'nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskeratosis congenita', 'DC', 'Zinsser-Engman-Cole syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['reticular hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['reticulate skin pigmentation, and oral leukoplakia', 'reticular pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['Pancytopenia']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Disease']


abstract: @entity7063 ( @entity7063 ) is a rare, progressive, multi-system, @entity74 of telomere biology, first described in 1906 as the @entity7063 . The condition presents with the classic triad of @entity5806 , @entity2118 . Variable somatic abnormalities may be present; these include pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, cerebral, and dental complications. @entity3043 eventually develops, progressing to @entity2131 . In our @entity1 , the progression of @entity7063 did not follow the "classic triad" typically seen in the condition. Here we report the case of a 27-year-old male who had features consistent with this syndrome but who had a normal oral cavity associated with @entity2150 for @entity5806 and @entity2118 were the dominant clinical features. The @entity1 was advised to avoid smoking and severe exposure to the sun, and to return regularly for follow-up. Because all symptoms of this disorder are not necessarily seen collectively in any one @entity1 , physicians should consider it as a probability in all @entity1 showing signs of @entity2117 , especially accompanied by @entity2150 . Our report emphasizes the fact that not all components of the syndrome need to be present and in all cases of genodermatosis, pleomorphism may be expected with variable clinical manifestations. Even though many variants have been described in literature, sparing of the oral cavity as in our @entity1 is extremely uncommon. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the mucocutaneous manifestation of @entity7063 and its diagnosis and refer the @entity1 for better evaluation.

title: XXXX Without Oral Involvement: A Rare @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity7063 :: (MESH:D019871,Disease) :: ['Dyskeratosis Congenita']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ebola virus (EBOV) causes a severe @entity7593 with a deficient immune response, @entity2905 and lymphocyte apoptosis. Dendritic cells (DC), which trigger the adaptive response, do not mature despite EBOV @entity281 . We recently demonstrated that DC maturation is unblocked by disabling the innate response antagonizing domains (IRADs) in EBOV VP35 and VP24 by mutations @entity62192 and @entity71834 , respectively. Here we analyzed the effects of VP35 and VP24 with the IRADs disabled on global gene expression in @entity1 DC. @entity1 monocyte-derived DC were infected by wild-type EBOV (wt EBOV), or EBOVs carrying the mutation in VP35 (EBOV/VP35m), VP24 (EBOV/VP24m), or both (EBOV/VP35m/VP24m). Global gene expression at 8 and 24 hrs was analyzed by deep sequencing, and the expression of interferon (IFN) subtypes up to 5 days post- @entity281 was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Wt EBOV induced a weak global gene expression response, including markers of DC maturation, cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and multiple IFN. The VP35 mutation unblocked the expression resulting in a dramatic increase in expression of these transcripts at 8 and 24 hrs. Surprisingly, DC infected with EBOV/VP24m expressed lower levels of many of these transcripts at 8 hrs after @entity281 , compared to wt EBOV. In contrast, at 24 hrs, expression of the transcripts increased in DC infected with any of the three mutants, as compared to wt EBOV. Moreover, sets of genes affected by the two mutations only partially overlapped. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the VP35 mutation unblocked pathways involved in antigen processing and presentation, and IFN signaling. These data suggest EBOV IRADs have profound effects on the host adaptive immune response through massive transcriptional downregulation of DC. IMPORTANCE: The study shows that @entity281 of DC with EBOV, but not its mutant forms with VP35 and/or VP24 IRADs disabled, causes the global block in expression of host genes. The temporal effects of mutations disrupting the two IRADs differ, and the lists of affected genes only partially overlap such that VP35 and VP24 IRADs each have profound effects on antigen presentation by exposed DC. The global modulation of DC gene expression and the resulting lack of their maturation represent a major mechanism by which EBOV disables the T cell response, and suggests that these suppressive pathways are a therapeutic target that may unleash the T cell responses during EBOV @entity281 .

title: Different temporal effects of Ebola virus VP35 and VP24 proteins on the global gene expression in XXXX dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prion diseases are @entity179 associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) into its aberrant infectious form ( @entity3669 (Sc)). There is no treatment available for these diseases. The bile acids @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) have been recently shown to be neuroprotective in other protein misfolding disease models including @entity191 , @entity2033 , and also in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Here we studied the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds in @entity1579 . We demonstrated that @entity13805 and @entity18253 substantially reduced @entity3669 conversion in cell-free aggregation assays as well as in chronically and acutely infected cell cultures. This effect was mediated through reduction of @entity3669 (Sc) seeding ability, rather than an effect on @entity3669 . We also demonstrated the ability of @entity13805 and @entity18253 to reduce @entity528 in prion @entity76 . @entity18253 treatment reduced @entity5219 and prolonged survival in RML prion-infected @entity19 . Interestingly, these effects were limited to the males, implying a gender-specific difference in drug metabolism. Beyond effects on @entity3669 (Sc), we found that levels of phosphorylated @entity15204 were increased at early time points, with correlated reductions in @entity16689 . As demonstrated for other @entity179 , we now show that @entity13805 and @entity18253 may have a therapeutic role in @entity1579 , with effects on both prion conversion and neuroprotection. Our findings, together with the fact that these natural compounds are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 , make these compounds promising alternatives for the treatment of @entity1579 . IMPORTANCE: Prion diseases are @entity179 that are transmissible to @entity1 and other mammals. There are no disease-modifying therapies available, despite decades of research. Treatment targets have included @entity409 , clearance of toxic aggregates, and prevention of downstream neurodegeneration. No one target may be sufficient; rather, compounds which have a multi-modal mechanism, acting on different targets, would be ideal. @entity13805 and @entity18253 are @entity3645 that may fulfill this dual role; previous studies have demonstrated their neuroprotective effects in several @entity179 models, and we now demonstrate that this effect occurs in @entity1579 , with an added mechanistic target of upstream prion seeding. Importantly, these are natural compounds which are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 with @entity2835 . They have recently been proven efficacious in @entity1 @entity746 . Therefore, these compounds are promising options for the treatment of @entity1579 .

title: XXXX reduce prion conversion, reduce @entity528 , and prolong male survival in models of @entity1579 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13805 :: ('MESH:C031655', 'Chemical') :: ['TUDCA', 'tauroursodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of protein accumulation']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease', 'prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases', 'fatal neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative disease', 'fatal neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['infected cerebellar slice cultures']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['Bile acids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prion diseases are @entity179 associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) into its aberrant infectious form ( @entity3669 (Sc)). There is no treatment available for these diseases. The bile acids @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) have been recently shown to be neuroprotective in other protein misfolding disease models including @entity191 , @entity2033 , and also in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Here we studied the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds in @entity1579 . We demonstrated that @entity13805 and @entity18253 substantially reduced @entity3669 conversion in cell-free aggregation assays as well as in chronically and acutely infected cell cultures. This effect was mediated through reduction of @entity3669 (Sc) seeding ability, rather than an effect on @entity3669 . We also demonstrated the ability of @entity13805 and @entity18253 to reduce @entity528 in prion @entity76 . @entity18253 treatment reduced @entity5219 and prolonged survival in RML prion-infected @entity19 . Interestingly, these effects were limited to the males, implying a gender-specific difference in drug metabolism. Beyond effects on @entity3669 (Sc), we found that levels of phosphorylated @entity15204 were increased at early time points, with correlated reductions in @entity16689 . As demonstrated for other @entity179 , we now show that @entity13805 and @entity18253 may have a therapeutic role in @entity1579 , with effects on both prion conversion and neuroprotection. Our findings, together with the fact that these natural compounds are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 , make these compounds promising alternatives for the treatment of @entity1579 . IMPORTANCE: Prion diseases are @entity179 that are transmissible to @entity1 and other mammals. There are no disease-modifying therapies available, despite decades of research. Treatment targets have included @entity409 , clearance of toxic aggregates, and prevention of downstream neurodegeneration. No one target may be sufficient; rather, compounds which have a multi-modal mechanism, acting on different targets, would be ideal. @entity13805 and @entity18253 are @entity3645 that may fulfill this dual role; previous studies have demonstrated their neuroprotective effects in several @entity179 models, and we now demonstrate that this effect occurs in @entity1579 , with an added mechanistic target of upstream prion seeding. Importantly, these are natural compounds which are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 with @entity2835 . They have recently been proven efficacious in @entity1 @entity746 . Therefore, these compounds are promising options for the treatment of @entity1579 .

title: @entity3645 reduce prion conversion, reduce XXXX , and prolong male survival in models of @entity1579 .

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prion diseases are @entity179 associated with the conversion of cellular prion protein ( @entity3669 ) into its aberrant infectious form ( @entity3669 (Sc)). There is no treatment available for these diseases. The bile acids @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10055 ( @entity18253 ) have been recently shown to be neuroprotective in other protein misfolding disease models including @entity191 , @entity2033 , and also in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Here we studied the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds in @entity1579 . We demonstrated that @entity13805 and @entity18253 substantially reduced @entity3669 conversion in cell-free aggregation assays as well as in chronically and acutely infected cell cultures. This effect was mediated through reduction of @entity3669 (Sc) seeding ability, rather than an effect on @entity3669 . We also demonstrated the ability of @entity13805 and @entity18253 to reduce @entity528 in prion @entity76 . @entity18253 treatment reduced @entity5219 and prolonged survival in RML prion-infected @entity19 . Interestingly, these effects were limited to the males, implying a gender-specific difference in drug metabolism. Beyond effects on @entity3669 (Sc), we found that levels of phosphorylated @entity15204 were increased at early time points, with correlated reductions in @entity16689 . As demonstrated for other @entity179 , we now show that @entity13805 and @entity18253 may have a therapeutic role in @entity1579 , with effects on both prion conversion and neuroprotection. Our findings, together with the fact that these natural compounds are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 , make these compounds promising alternatives for the treatment of @entity1579 . IMPORTANCE: Prion diseases are @entity179 that are transmissible to @entity1 and other mammals. There are no disease-modifying therapies available, despite decades of research. Treatment targets have included @entity409 , clearance of toxic aggregates, and prevention of downstream neurodegeneration. No one target may be sufficient; rather, compounds which have a multi-modal mechanism, acting on different targets, would be ideal. @entity13805 and @entity18253 are @entity3645 that may fulfill this dual role; previous studies have demonstrated their neuroprotective effects in several @entity179 models, and we now demonstrate that this effect occurs in @entity1579 , with an added mechanistic target of upstream prion seeding. Importantly, these are natural compounds which are orally bioavailable, permeable to the blood-brain barrier and FDA-approved for use in @entity1 with @entity2835 . They have recently been proven efficacious in @entity1 @entity746 . Therefore, these compounds are promising options for the treatment of @entity1579 .

title: @entity3645 reduce prion conversion, reduce @entity528 , and prolong male survival in models of XXXX .

answer: @entity1579 :: (MESH:D017096,Disease) :: ['prion disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a powerful predictor of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity204 . We examined the association in a large cohort of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical data from the Swedish National @entity6 Register were linked to national registers, whereby information on income, education, marital status, country of birth, comorbidities, and events was obtained. @entity1 were followed until a first incident event, @entity204 , or end of follow-up. The association between socioeconomic variables and the outcomes was modeled using Cox regression, with rigorous covariate adjustment. RESULTS: We included 24,947 @entity1 . Mean (SD) age and follow-up was 39.1 (13.9) and 6.0 (1.0) years. @entity65 occurred in 926 and 1378 individuals. Compared with being single, being married was associated with 50% lower risk of @entity204 , and @entity204 . Individuals in the two lowest quintiles had twice as great a risk of fatal/nonfatal @entity65 , @entity301 , and @entity64 and roughly three times as great a risk of @entity204 , @entity204 , and @entity65 as individuals in the highest income quintile. Compared with having  <=9 years of education, individuals with a college/university degree had 33% lower risk of @entity64 . Immigrants had 19%, 33%, and 45% lower risk of fatal/nonfatal @entity65 , all-cause @entity204 , and @entity204 , respectively, compared with Swedes. @entity1 had 44%, 63%, and 29% greater risk of all-cause @entity204 , @entity65 , and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Low SES increases the risk of @entity65 and @entity204 by a factor of 2-3 in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Impact of Socioeconomic Status on XXXX and Mortality in 24,947 Individuals With Type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['fatal/nonfatal stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death, cardiovascular (CV) death', 'diabetes-related death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'CV death', 'Death and fatal/nonfatal CVD']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a powerful predictor of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity204 . We examined the association in a large cohort of @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Clinical data from the Swedish National @entity6 Register were linked to national registers, whereby information on income, education, marital status, country of birth, comorbidities, and events was obtained. @entity1 were followed until a first incident event, @entity204 , or end of follow-up. The association between socioeconomic variables and the outcomes was modeled using Cox regression, with rigorous covariate adjustment. RESULTS: We included 24,947 @entity1 . Mean (SD) age and follow-up was 39.1 (13.9) and 6.0 (1.0) years. @entity65 occurred in 926 and 1378 individuals. Compared with being single, being married was associated with 50% lower risk of @entity204 , and @entity204 . Individuals in the two lowest quintiles had twice as great a risk of fatal/nonfatal @entity65 , @entity301 , and @entity64 and roughly three times as great a risk of @entity204 , @entity204 , and @entity65 as individuals in the highest income quintile. Compared with having  <=9 years of education, individuals with a college/university degree had 33% lower risk of @entity64 . Immigrants had 19%, 33%, and 45% lower risk of fatal/nonfatal @entity65 , all-cause @entity204 , and @entity204 , respectively, compared with Swedes. @entity1 had 44%, 63%, and 29% greater risk of all-cause @entity204 , @entity65 , and @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Low SES increases the risk of @entity65 and @entity204 by a factor of 2-3 in type 1 @entity6 .

title: Impact of Socioeconomic Status on @entity65 and Mortality in 24,947 Individuals With Type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: A @entity1960 -like state induced in @entity840 fed degraded carrageenan orally. By means of a combined semimacroscopic and histologic technique the course of the disease was followed during 28 days. The changes were primarily seen and became most prominent in the caecum. The first lesions were observed following 24 hours of treatment as small rounded foci initially with @entity32 in the surface epithelium, later forming superficial focal @entity1066 . Ulcerative changes gradually progressed during the experiment, forming linear and later large, geographical @entity1066 . Topographically the ulcerative process was strongly related to the larger submucosal vessels. Nonulcerated parts of the mucosa were not changed until following 7-14 days of treatment. The mucosa became bulging, granulated and finally villus-like. Accumulation of macrophages was found under the surface epithelium after 7-17 days. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed, especially the development of the early lesions and the significance of the macrophages.

title: Stereomicroscopic and histologic changes in the colon of XXXX fed degraded carrageenan.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes and inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1321 in a 73-year-old @entity1 caused by @entity3473 . The underlying cause was a @entity1066 (6   *   3.3   *   3.8  cm) extending from the superior mucosal lip of Bauhin's valve. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a pathognomonic target-like mass appearing as multiple concentric rings. CT scan confirmed the diagnosis. Because of apparent obstruction, a laparotomy with right hemicolectomy and ileocolic anastomosis was performed. @entity362 most frequently occur in the cecum and ascending colon where they represent the most common submucosal @entity361 . They typically occur in elderly @entity1 with an incidence that varies from 0.15 to 0.56  %. @entity158 , @entity548 , and obstruction are typical symptoms. When faced with an intussusception in @entity1 , reduction with air per rectum can be performed. In adults, however, malignant cell spreading and seeding is of big concern. Since approximately 20-50  % of all underlying causes are malignant, explorative surgery is favored in adults.

title: Ileocolic Intussusception Caused by a Giant Ulcerating XXXX of Bauhin's Valve: an Unusual Cause of Intestinal Obstruction in the Adult.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['giant submucosal ulcerating lipoma']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolic intussusception']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Lipoma']


abstract: Aim. @entity82 is a rare @entity79 caused by missense mutation leading to abnormal fibroblast and osteoblast proliferation and increased bone resorption. @entity10751 can present in monostotic or @entity4262 forms. About 3% of @entity10751 could be in association with @entity4262 ( @entity4262 ). Because @entity10751 is a rare disease, there is limited data in the literature about characteristics of disease and response to treatment. Methods. We present our five cases of @entity10751 with general properties and their responses to medical treatment. Results. Two of our @entity1 had @entity4262 and three had monostotic @entity10751 . One of the @entity4262 @entity1 had @entity4262 . One of our @entity1 had surgery for femur @entity174 , @entity7439 , and findings of compression. Four @entity1 were given @entity5279 ; one was given @entity4381 as @entity5520 treatment. Bone @entity158 was relieved in all @entity1 with medical treatment. Conclusion. There was a decrease in bone turnover markers to some degree with medical treatment but no radiological improvement was observed.

title: Characteristics and Treatment Results of 5 @entity1 with XXXX and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic', 'MAS', 'McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrous Dysplasia']


abstract: Aim. @entity82 is a rare @entity79 caused by missense mutation leading to abnormal fibroblast and osteoblast proliferation and increased bone resorption. @entity10751 can present in monostotic or @entity4262 forms. About 3% of @entity10751 could be in association with @entity4262 ( @entity4262 ). Because @entity10751 is a rare disease, there is limited data in the literature about characteristics of disease and response to treatment. Methods. We present our five cases of @entity10751 with general properties and their responses to medical treatment. Results. Two of our @entity1 had @entity4262 and three had monostotic @entity10751 . One of the @entity4262 @entity1 had @entity4262 . One of our @entity1 had surgery for femur @entity174 , @entity7439 , and findings of compression. Four @entity1 were given @entity5279 ; one was given @entity4381 as @entity5520 treatment. Bone @entity158 was relieved in all @entity1 with medical treatment. Conclusion. There was a decrease in bone turnover markers to some degree with medical treatment but no radiological improvement was observed.

title: Characteristics and Treatment Results of 5 XXXX with @entity82 and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1124 is rare during @entity2941 . Most cases present in the immediate postoperative period with @entity3472 or acute @entity788 are managed conservatively. But, inadvertent ligation of the main pancreatic duct with subsequent recurrent @entity788 and upstream dilatation of the pancreatic duct requiring a pancreatic ductal drainage operation has not been reported in the English literature. A 23-year-old female @entity1 presented with recurrent episodes of @entity490 for about 16  months. She had a history of type-1 @entity2941 18  months back. She was evaluated with abdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). MRCP showed hugely dilated main pancreatic duct with normal hepaticojejunostomy @entity254 . There was no residual cyst. MRCP findings were suggestive of stricture of the main pancreatic duct due to previous surgery. Endoscopic pancreatic ductal decompression failed. The @entity1 was treated successfully with pancreaticogastrostomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The @entity1 was well at 24-month follow-up.

title: Inadvertent ligation of the main pancreatic duct: an extremely rare complication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal injury']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst excision']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['upper abdominal pain']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst excision']


abstract: The area of decision making has much to offer in our effort to understand special populations. This pilot study is an example of just such a project, where we illustrate how traditional decision making tools and tasks can be used to uncover strengths and weaknesses within a growing population of young adults with @entity2438 . In this pilot project we extended accounts of @entity146 such as those derived from "theory of mind" to predict key components of decision making in high-functioning young adults on the @entity2438 spectrum. A battery of tests was administered to 15 high-functioning college students with @entity72 ( @entity72 ), focusing on decision making competence (DMC) and other aspects of decision making related to known deficits associated with @entity2438 . Data from this group were compared to data from unselected college students receiving the same measures. First, as a test of a key social deficit associated with @entity2438 , the target group scored much lower on the Empathy Quotient scale. Traditional elements of decision making competency such as Numeracy and application of decision rules were comparable across groups. However, there were differences in thinking style, with the @entity72 group showing lesser ability and engagement in intuitive thinking, and they showed lower levels of risk taking. For comparisons within the @entity72 group, autobiographical reports concerning individual lifestyles and outcomes were used to derive a scale of Social Functioning. The lowest scoring individuals showed the lowest levels of intuitive thinking, the lowest perceived levels of others' endorsement of socially undesirable behaviors, and the lowest ability to discriminate between "good" and "bad" risks. Results are discussed in terms of interventions that might aid high-functioning young adults with @entity72 in their everyday decision making.

title: Extending decision making competence to special populations: a pilot study of persons on the XXXX spectrum.

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['autistic behavior']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']