abstract: @entity981 and @entity1893 constitute 42% to 45% of the @entity5 in @entity1 , @entity1 , and adolescents: In 1985, an estimated 2025 @entity1 were newly diagnosed with these two @entity5 and 900 (43%) of the @entity5 deaths in the United States have been projected to be due to these diseases. The single most important obstacle to preventing these deaths is relapse, and prevention of relapse or salvage of the @entity1 who has had a relapse continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. The most important initial step in the treatment of the @entity1 whose disease has relapsed is to determine, to the extent possible, the prognosis. In a @entity1 with @entity1893 , a relapse confers an extremely poor prognosis, regardless of site of relapse, @entity5 histology, or other original prognostic factors, prior therapy, or time to relapse. In the @entity1 with @entity981 in relapse, the prognosis depends on multiple factors. The primary therapy is chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with marrow grafting. Other options exist, including no therapy, or investigational therapy. The therapy selected should be predicated on the prognosis. In the @entity1 with an isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse off therapy, minimum therapy should be administered, particularly if the relapse occurred without prior cranial irradiation. In the @entity1 whose relapse is more than 6 months off therapy, conventional therapy should be considered. Also, a @entity1 with an isolated CNS relapse on therapy after prior cranial irradiation should be given moderate therapy. Bone marrow transplantation or high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous marrow rescue should be reserved in @entity1 with a second or subsequent extramedullary relapse, and possibly for those with a first isolated overt testicular relapse on therapy.

title: Prognosis and treatment after relapse of XXXX and @entity1893 : 1985. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: @entity981 and @entity1893 constitute 42% to 45% of the @entity5 in @entity1 , @entity1 , and adolescents: In 1985, an estimated 2025 @entity1 were newly diagnosed with these two @entity5 and 900 (43%) of the @entity5 deaths in the United States have been projected to be due to these diseases. The single most important obstacle to preventing these deaths is relapse, and prevention of relapse or salvage of the @entity1 who has had a relapse continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. The most important initial step in the treatment of the @entity1 whose disease has relapsed is to determine, to the extent possible, the prognosis. In a @entity1 with @entity1893 , a relapse confers an extremely poor prognosis, regardless of site of relapse, @entity5 histology, or other original prognostic factors, prior therapy, or time to relapse. In the @entity1 with @entity981 in relapse, the prognosis depends on multiple factors. The primary therapy is chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with marrow grafting. Other options exist, including no therapy, or investigational therapy. The therapy selected should be predicated on the prognosis. In the @entity1 with an isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse off therapy, minimum therapy should be administered, particularly if the relapse occurred without prior cranial irradiation. In the @entity1 whose relapse is more than 6 months off therapy, conventional therapy should be considered. Also, a @entity1 with an isolated CNS relapse on therapy after prior cranial irradiation should be given moderate therapy. Bone marrow transplantation or high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous marrow rescue should be reserved in @entity1 with a second or subsequent extramedullary relapse, and possibly for those with a first isolated overt testicular relapse on therapy.

title: Prognosis and treatment after relapse of @entity981 and XXXX : 1985. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Controllable induction of blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) presents an important therapeutic goal in @entity63 and is also beneficial in various normal physiological processes. In this study, we have shown that nanoparticles of @entity12698 , a lipophilic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, effectively evoke therapeutic angiogenesis in animal models, in both normal and @entity63 organs. @entity12698 is widely considered to inhibit angiogenesis, although a recent study suggests that it can instead promote blood vessel growth in @entity5 cell lines. The hydrophobic nature of this drug necessitates its administration in nanoparticulate form in order to elicit a perceivable pharmacological response. We developed a facile method for nanoparticle formation by solvent extraction from microemulsions in supercritical @entity544 . This method exploits a spontaneous formation of nanometric domains within the microemulsion system and their rapid conversion to nanoparticles by supercritical fluid. The resultant nanoparticles were administered subcutaneously to @entity19 in a biocompatible hydrogel, and caused a 4-fold increase in blood vessel count in normally perfused skin compared with drug-free particles. They were at least as effective in inducing angiogenesis as nanoparticles of @entity5532 , a well-established neovascularization promoter. Next, we evaluated their effect on @entity63 tissues in @entity19 model of @entity583 . We found that @entity12698 nanoparticles were able to induce a significant vascularization of @entity63 myocardium and hamper the progression of @entity712 , which points toward a new approach for treating @entity63 .

title: XXXX Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic diseases', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['Celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of a mixture of phlebotonics in the treatment of acute @entity6713 crisis is investigated to test their efficacy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four consecutive @entity1 with an acute @entity6713 recruited in five colorectal units entered the study. Sixty-six of them were randomized to receive a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 (group A), and 68 a placebo (group B). The main symptoms, the use of @entity1697 and the Bristol scale score were recorded at each scheduled visit and compared using both Student's t test for independent samples and the ANOVA models for repeated measures. The presence of @entity4 , prolapse and @entity715 were also recorded and compared using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, the trend of proportions during the time of the evaluations was assessed by the Chi-square test for linear trend. RESULTS: @entity158 , @entity548 and the proportion of @entity1 who reported persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 decreased significantly after 12  days of treatment in group A. After 6  days, the number of @entity1443 tablets taken by @entity1 in group A was significantly lower than the amount of @entity3096 mixture. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 is a safe and effective mean of managing symptoms of acute @entity6713 . Furthermore, in @entity1 receiving treatment, there was faster control and lower persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 .

title: Flavonoids mixture ( @entity23663 , XXXX , @entity35085 ) in the treatment of acute @entity6713 : a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32925 :: ('MESH:C005865', 'Chemical') :: ['troxerutin']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral painkillers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal crisis', 'hemorrhoidal disease', 'hemorrhoid']

entities_list: @entity35085 :: ('MESH:D006569', 'Chemical') :: ['hesperidin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity32925 :: (MESH:C005865,Chemical) :: ['troxerutin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of a mixture of phlebotonics in the treatment of acute @entity6713 crisis is investigated to test their efficacy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four consecutive @entity1 with an acute @entity6713 recruited in five colorectal units entered the study. Sixty-six of them were randomized to receive a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 (group A), and 68 a placebo (group B). The main symptoms, the use of @entity1697 and the Bristol scale score were recorded at each scheduled visit and compared using both Student's t test for independent samples and the ANOVA models for repeated measures. The presence of @entity4 , prolapse and @entity715 were also recorded and compared using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, the trend of proportions during the time of the evaluations was assessed by the Chi-square test for linear trend. RESULTS: @entity158 , @entity548 and the proportion of @entity1 who reported persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 decreased significantly after 12  days of treatment in group A. After 6  days, the number of @entity1443 tablets taken by @entity1 in group A was significantly lower than the amount of @entity3096 mixture. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 is a safe and effective mean of managing symptoms of acute @entity6713 . Furthermore, in @entity1 receiving treatment, there was faster control and lower persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 .

title: Flavonoids mixture ( XXXX , @entity32925 , @entity35085 ) in the treatment of acute @entity6713 : a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial.

answer: @entity23663 :: (MESH:D004145,Chemical) :: ['diosmin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of a mixture of phlebotonics in the treatment of acute @entity6713 crisis is investigated to test their efficacy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four consecutive @entity1 with an acute @entity6713 recruited in five colorectal units entered the study. Sixty-six of them were randomized to receive a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 (group A), and 68 a placebo (group B). The main symptoms, the use of @entity1697 and the Bristol scale score were recorded at each scheduled visit and compared using both Student's t test for independent samples and the ANOVA models for repeated measures. The presence of @entity4 , prolapse and @entity715 were also recorded and compared using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, the trend of proportions during the time of the evaluations was assessed by the Chi-square test for linear trend. RESULTS: @entity158 , @entity548 and the proportion of @entity1 who reported persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 decreased significantly after 12  days of treatment in group A. After 6  days, the number of @entity1443 tablets taken by @entity1 in group A was significantly lower than the amount of @entity3096 mixture. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 is a safe and effective mean of managing symptoms of acute @entity6713 . Furthermore, in @entity1 receiving treatment, there was faster control and lower persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 .

title: Flavonoids mixture ( @entity23663 , @entity32925 , XXXX ) in the treatment of acute @entity6713 : a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial.

answer: @entity35085 :: (MESH:D006569,Chemical) :: ['hesperidin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of a mixture of phlebotonics in the treatment of acute @entity6713 crisis is investigated to test their efficacy. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-four consecutive @entity1 with an acute @entity6713 recruited in five colorectal units entered the study. Sixty-six of them were randomized to receive a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 (group A), and 68 a placebo (group B). The main symptoms, the use of @entity1697 and the Bristol scale score were recorded at each scheduled visit and compared using both Student's t test for independent samples and the ANOVA models for repeated measures. The presence of @entity4 , prolapse and @entity715 were also recorded and compared using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, the trend of proportions during the time of the evaluations was assessed by the Chi-square test for linear trend. RESULTS: @entity158 , @entity548 and the proportion of @entity1 who reported persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 decreased significantly after 12  days of treatment in group A. After 6  days, the number of @entity1443 tablets taken by @entity1 in group A was significantly lower than the amount of @entity3096 mixture. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mixture of @entity23663 , @entity32925 and @entity35085 is a safe and effective mean of managing symptoms of acute @entity6713 . Furthermore, in @entity1 receiving treatment, there was faster control and lower persistence of @entity4 and @entity715 .

title: Flavonoids mixture ( @entity23663 , @entity32925 , @entity35085 ) in the treatment of acute XXXX : a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial.

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoidal disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of the Total Evolutive Shoulder System (TESS) in @entity1 with cuff tear @entity2720 and @entity1 in need of a revision arthroplasty. METHODS: In this sequential study, 67 @entity1 (56 non-stemmed, 11 stemmed) were evaluated after a mean follow-up of 17.5  months. The relative Constant and DASH scores, radiological joint geometry changes, complications and @entity86 , which are not likely to affect the outcome, were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant increase was noticed for the relative Constant (11.3 vs. 78.8  %) and DASH scores (73.7 vs. 31.8) without significant differences between both etiology groups. Complication rates were similar to previous studies. An aseptic loosening of the non-stemmed humeral component was not noticed in the cuff tear @entity2720 group, whereas one case with a loosening was noticed in the revision arthroplasty group. With nine cases (13.4  %), scapular notching rates were very low. On average, the acromiohumeral distance increased by 17  mm and the humeral offset by 13.9  mm; the height of the center of rotation decreased by 4.6  mm and the lateral glenohumeral offset by 6.1  mm, p  <  0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION: Regarding the joint geometry, surgery with the TESS system provided adequate distalization and medialization of the humerus and the center of rotation. This corresponds to a good clinical outcome. The use of the surgical opportunity to implant the prosthesis with a relatively low neck-shaft angle might explain the low rates of scapular notching in our series. Regarding the case with a loosening of the humeral component, the surgeon should carefully indicate a stemless version for metaphyseal press-fit fixation in @entity1 with revision arthroplasty.

title: Short-term results of the reverse Total Evolutive Shoulder System (TESS) in cuff tear XXXX and revision arthroplasty cases.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative problems']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The PROROK project (A prospective observation project to assess the relevance of the difference between fasting glycemia and postprandial glycemia to estimation of success of type 2 @entity6 therapy) had a character of a non-interventional, prospective, multicentric observation project conducted for a period of 6 months, whose aim was to quantify the relevance of the difference between fasting and postprandial glycemia to the success of @entity8142 agonist treatment, or insulin therapy with basal or premixed insulin, or a combination of basal and bolus insulin. Physicians chose therapy for inadequately compensated @entity1 at their own discretion, with 4   972 @entity1 included. AIM: The study aimed at the assessment of the differences in basic anthropometric and biochemical parameters between the @entity1 cohorts included in the PROROK project with regard to the therapy selected by the treating diabetologist. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with @entity8142 agonists were quite young, they have suffered from @entity6 for a shorter period of time and at the same time were more @entity28 and had the highest concentration of @entity1674 . The @entity1 who underwent basal insulin therapy, had the highest fasting glycemia. The @entity1 for whom premixed insulin therapy or basal/bolus insulin regimen were chosen, manifested the highest postprandial glycemia, those with basal/bolus insulin regimen had the highest initial glycated haemoglobin. The difference between fasting and postprandial glycemia was the smallest in the cohort for which basal insulin therapy was chosen and the greatest in the cohort chosen for the therapy with premixed insulin, or with the basal/bolus insulin combination. Average improvement in glycated haemoglobin values reached 1.6 % within the whole cohort, a median of the resulting glycated haemoglobin reached 5.9 % or 5.8 % ( @entity8142 agonist treatment). All the differences amounted to p < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Bearing in mind that the differences established in the parameters describing the cohorts, although statistically relevant, are of smaller clinical relevance, we regard as an important finding that the choice of therapy is in accordance with the basic knowledge about the pathophysiology of type 2 @entity6 and possibilities of an individually chosen targeted intervention with antidiabetic therapy. We may conclude that most of the physicians participating in the PROROK project choose their therapy in a rational manner.Key words: @entity8142 agonists - basal insulin - intensified insulin regimen - insulin - premixed insulin - type 2 @entity6 therapy.

title: [Do diabetologists choose a  therapy rationally? Basic results of the PROROK project (A prospective observation project to assess the relevance of the difference between fasting glycemia and postprandial glycemia to estimation of success of type 2  XXXX therapy)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that impact the procedure and treatment outcomes for endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of @entity356 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Medical records were collected for all @entity1 with gastric @entity5 who underwent EFTR procedures in Shengjing Hospital between June 2012 and April 2014. The data from each @entity1 were reviewed, including gender, age, maximum @entity5 size on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), @entity5 location in stomach, length of EFTR procedure, @entity516 during EFTR, cost to close defects, length of hospital stay after the procedure, and procedure-related complications. RESULTS: Endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastric @entity5 was successfully performed in all 41 @entity1 . Maximum size on EUS [parameter estimate (PE)  =  4.443, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.191-6.695; p  =  0.000] and @entity5 location in the greater curvature (PE  =  44.441, 95  % CI 5.539-83.343; p  =  0.026) were significantly associated with the length of the procedure. @entity516 was more likely to occur during EFTR in @entity5 with a larger EUS size [odds ratio (OR)  =  1.415, 95  % CI 1.034-1.936; p  =  0.03], and less likely to occur during EFTR for @entity5 located in the posterior wall (OR  =  0.003, 95  % CI 0-0.351; p  =  0.017). The use of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system was significantly associated with shorter hospital stays (PE  =  -1.006, 95  % CI -1.998 to -0.014; p  =  0.047) and a higher cost of @entity154 (PE  =  854.742, 95  % CI 358.377-1351.107; p  =  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic full-thickness resection is an effective and safe method for removing gastric @entity5 . @entity5 size on EUS and location of the @entity5 were associated with the duration of EFTR and the occurrence of a @entity516 during the procedure. The use of an OTSC system was significantly associated with shorter hospital stays and a higher cost of @entity154 .

title: Factors associated with endoscopic full-thickness resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['closing defects']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SMTs', 'tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['A pneumoperitoneum', 'pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric submucosal tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric submucosal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity631 is characteristic of @entity740 and also occurs with normal aging. Our goal was to determine the upper limit of normal for number of @entity3808 . METHODS: Core-needle biopsies of the renal cortex were obtained at the time of living kidney transplantation at three centers between 1998 and 2011. The number of @entity3808 was averaged across two biopsy sections. Quantile regression was used to estimate the 95th percentile for @entity3808 as the upper reference limit. There were 2052 donors (mean age 43 years, 41% male, 10% @entity101 ), with a mean (SD) of 16.0 (9.7) glomeruli and 0.47 (0.99) @entity3808 on biopsy; only 2.6% had >5% @entity82 . RESULTS: In a multivariable model excluding @entity101 donors, independent predictors of the number of @entity3808 were age, total number of @entity550 . A simplified model was used to estimate the 95th percentile for number of @entity3808 by total number of glomeruli and age. For a biopsy section with 17-32 total glomeruli, the 95th percentile ranged from 1 for a 20-year old to 5.5 for a 70-year old donor. @entity101 donors were more likely to have an abnormal number of @entity3808 (OR = 1.79, P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: We have derived the 95% reference limit for number of @entity3808 in ostensibly healthy individuals accounting for age and the biopsy characteristics. Numbers of @entity3808 in a kidney biopsy that exceed these thresholds suggest chronic pathological injury in excess of that expected with normal aging.

title: Distinguishing age-related from disease-related XXXX on kidney biopsy: the Aging Kidney Anatomy study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['glomeruli and cortex area']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['globally sclerotic glomeruli']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['Global glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: Bioconvection is a form of collective motion that occurs spontaneously in the suspension of swimming microorganisms. In a previous study, we quantitatively described the "pattern transition," a phase transition phenomenon that so far has exclusively been observed in bioconvection of the unicellular green alga @entity2060 . We suggested that the transition could be induced by changes in the balance between the gravitational and shear-induced torques, both of which act to determine the orientation of the organism in the shear flow. As both of the torques should be affected by the geometry of the @entity2060 cell, alteration in the flagellar waveform might change the extent of torque generation by altering overall geometry of the cell. Based on this working hypothesis, we examined bioconvection behavior of two flagellar mutants of @entity2060 , ida1 and @entity72161 , making reference to the wild type. Flagella of ida1 beat with an abnormal waveform, while flagella of @entity72161 show a normal waveform but lower beat frequency. As a result, both mutants had swimming speed of less than 50% of the wild type. ida1 formed bioconvection patterns with smaller spacing than those of wild type and @entity72161 . Two-axis view revealed the periodic movement of the settling blobs of ida1, while @entity72161 showed qualitatively similar behavior to that of wild type. Unexpectedly, ida1 showed stronger negative gravitaxis than did wild type, while @entity72161 showed relatively weak gravitaxis. These findings suggest that flagellar waveform, not swimming speed or beat frequency, strongly affect bioconvection behavior in @entity2060 .

title: Individual Flagellar Waveform Affects Collective Behavior of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydomonas', 'C. reinhardtii', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Renal function is reported using the estimates of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, eGFR values are recorded without reference to the particular serum @entity1011 (SCr) assays used to derive them, and newer assays were introduced at different time points across the laboratories in the United Kingdom. These changes may cause systematic bias in eGFR reported in routinely collected data, even though laboratory-reported eGFR values have a correction factor applied. DESIGN: An algorithm to detect changes in SCr that in turn affect eGFR calculation method was developed. It compares the mapping of SCr values on to eGFR values across a time series of paired eGFR and SCr measurements. SETTING: Routinely collected primary care data from 20,000 @entity1 with the richest renal function data from the quality improvement in @entity740 trial. RESULTS: The algorithm identified a change in eGFR calculation method in 114 (90%) of the 127 included practices. This change was identified in 4736 (23.7%) @entity1 time series analysed. This change in calibration method was found to cause a significant step change in the reported eGFR values, producing a systematic bias. The eGFR values could not be recalibrated by applying the Modification of Diet in @entity8 equation to the laboratory reported SCr values. CONCLUSIONS: This algorithm can identify laboratory changes in eGFR calculation methods and changes in SCr assay. Failure to account for these changes may misconstrue renal function changes over time. Researchers using routine eGFR data should account for these effects.

title: Improving the measurement of longitudinal change in renal function: automated detection of changes in laboratory XXXX assay.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7190 is a complication of head and neck radiotherapy, with a difficult resolution and no well-established treatment. The disease progression can cause important loss on @entity1 's quality of life after @entity5 treatment. The options for treatment are limited and include clinical monitoring, prescription, or surgical procedures. As an alternative for bone @entity39 treatment, a combination of drugs, @entity1502 and @entity4793 , can be used. Studies have shown that this combination significantly reduces chronic radiotherapy damage. The article reports successful treatment with this prescription protocol. METHODS: We report three cases of @entity1 referred to the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Erasto Gaertner Hospital, in Curitiba, Brazil. They were submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity135 and later developed @entity7190 . They were treated with the combination @entity1502 and @entity4793 . RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved complete remission in less than 1  year, with complete healing of bone exposure and without clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This results show that this combination of drugs is beneficial in cases of bone @entity39 induced by radiation, avoiding more aggressive treatments and reducing morbidity.

title: Tissue repair in XXXX using @entity1502 and @entity4793 --report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['malignant head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoradionecrosis', 'osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity7190 :: (MESH:D010025,Disease) :: ['osteoradionecrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7190 is a complication of head and neck radiotherapy, with a difficult resolution and no well-established treatment. The disease progression can cause important loss on @entity1 's quality of life after @entity5 treatment. The options for treatment are limited and include clinical monitoring, prescription, or surgical procedures. As an alternative for bone @entity39 treatment, a combination of drugs, @entity1502 and @entity4793 , can be used. Studies have shown that this combination significantly reduces chronic radiotherapy damage. The article reports successful treatment with this prescription protocol. METHODS: We report three cases of @entity1 referred to the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Erasto Gaertner Hospital, in Curitiba, Brazil. They were submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity135 and later developed @entity7190 . They were treated with the combination @entity1502 and @entity4793 . RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved complete remission in less than 1  year, with complete healing of bone exposure and without clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This results show that this combination of drugs is beneficial in cases of bone @entity39 induced by radiation, avoiding more aggressive treatments and reducing morbidity.

title: Tissue repair in @entity7190 using XXXX and @entity4793 --report of three cases.

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7190 is a complication of head and neck radiotherapy, with a difficult resolution and no well-established treatment. The disease progression can cause important loss on @entity1 's quality of life after @entity5 treatment. The options for treatment are limited and include clinical monitoring, prescription, or surgical procedures. As an alternative for bone @entity39 treatment, a combination of drugs, @entity1502 and @entity4793 , can be used. Studies have shown that this combination significantly reduces chronic radiotherapy damage. The article reports successful treatment with this prescription protocol. METHODS: We report three cases of @entity1 referred to the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Erasto Gaertner Hospital, in Curitiba, Brazil. They were submitted to radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity135 and later developed @entity7190 . They were treated with the combination @entity1502 and @entity4793 . RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved complete remission in less than 1  year, with complete healing of bone exposure and without clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This results show that this combination of drugs is beneficial in cases of bone @entity39 induced by radiation, avoiding more aggressive treatments and reducing morbidity.

title: Tissue repair in @entity7190 using @entity1502 and XXXX --report of three cases.

answer: @entity4793 :: (MESH:D024505,Chemical) :: ['tocopherol']


abstract: Differential diagnosis between @entity20117 ( @entity20117 ) @entity2015 ( @entity2015 ) @entity299 is essential due to significantly different prognoses and therapeutic options. Therefore, clinical characteristics of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity299 were investigated to differentiate @entity20117 from @entity2783 . From September 2006 to May 2014, 46 @entity1 were confirmed to have @entity299 ( @entity20117 , n   =   28; @entity2015 , n   =   18) in our institute. The median age of @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 was 78  years (range 61-90) with 27 (96  %) males, while that of @entity1 with @entity2783 was 66 (range 52-76) with 12 (67  %) males. There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic findings regarding left ventricular (LV) systolic function or @entity67 between the two groups. Interestingly, serum @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels in @entity1 with @entity2783 were significantly higher than those in @entity20117 @entity2783 @entity1 . In contrast, the LV wall was significantly thicker in @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 than in those with @entity2783 . Therefore, the ratio of @entity3876 to LV mass index (LVMI) at presentation in @entity2783 @entity1 was significantly higher than that in @entity20117 @entity1 (6.7 vs 2.9, p   =   0.0006). A @entity3876 -LVMI ratio of less than 3.5 had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for @entity20117 @entity2783 of 71 and 83  %, respectively. One-year overall survival was 88.7  % in the @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 and 23.7  % in the @entity1 with @entity2783 . Our analysis indicates that the @entity3876 -LVMI ratio, as well as age and sex, may be useful parameters for distinguishing @entity20117 from @entity299 .

title: Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics for differentiating between XXXX -related and light-chain @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'AL amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac amyloidoses', 'cardiac amyloidosis', 'AL cardiac amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'and immunoglobulin light-chain']

answer: @entity20117 :: (7276,Gene) :: ['transthyretin']


abstract: Differential diagnosis between @entity20117 ( @entity20117 ) @entity2015 ( @entity2015 ) @entity299 is essential due to significantly different prognoses and therapeutic options. Therefore, clinical characteristics of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity299 were investigated to differentiate @entity20117 from @entity2783 . From September 2006 to May 2014, 46 @entity1 were confirmed to have @entity299 ( @entity20117 , n   =   28; @entity2015 , n   =   18) in our institute. The median age of @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 was 78  years (range 61-90) with 27 (96  %) males, while that of @entity1 with @entity2783 was 66 (range 52-76) with 12 (67  %) males. There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic findings regarding left ventricular (LV) systolic function or @entity67 between the two groups. Interestingly, serum @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels in @entity1 with @entity2783 were significantly higher than those in @entity20117 @entity2783 @entity1 . In contrast, the LV wall was significantly thicker in @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 than in those with @entity2783 . Therefore, the ratio of @entity3876 to LV mass index (LVMI) at presentation in @entity2783 @entity1 was significantly higher than that in @entity20117 @entity1 (6.7 vs 2.9, p   =   0.0006). A @entity3876 -LVMI ratio of less than 3.5 had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for @entity20117 @entity2783 of 71 and 83  %, respectively. One-year overall survival was 88.7  % in the @entity1 with @entity20117 @entity2783 and 23.7  % in the @entity1 with @entity2783 . Our analysis indicates that the @entity3876 -LVMI ratio, as well as age and sex, may be useful parameters for distinguishing @entity20117 from @entity299 .

title: Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics for differentiating between @entity20117 -related and light-chain XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac amyloidoses']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Concerns about the harms of intravenous alteplase (recombinant @entity1456 ) continue to deter physicians from treating @entity1 with acute @entity385 with the only drug proven to positively impact outcomes and reduce disability. Recent literature indicates an increase in mortality with alteplase within 7 days, an effect that does not persist from 3 months onwards. The objective of this meta-analysis was to pool mortality estimates from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) at 7 days, 30 days, 90 days, and 6 months after @entity64 onset. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched through to April 2014, using "hedges" for @entity1456 , acute @entity385 , and placebo. Two independent authors abstracted data and assessed study quality. Data were pooled using Dersimonian and Laird's random effects model. RESULTS: Eleven RCTs (n = 6905) were included in the final analysis. Two authors independently performed study selection and data abstraction. There was no publication bias and total variance attributable to heterogeneity was not significant (I(2) < 50%) at any time point. There was no difference in mortality between alteplase and placebo groups at any time point. Trials that randomized @entity1 beyond 3 h (excluded @entity1 within the 3-h window) did not drive the mortality difference seen at any time point. Exclusion sensitivity analysis revealed that exclusion of the NINDS trial rendered the 7-day difference significant towards increased mortality with alteplase. Quality adjustment did not alter the results. CONCLUSION: Intravenous alteplase did not impact mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 at any of the measured time points up to 6 months (i.e., there was no increase in the risk of death with alteplase). Therefore, intravenous alteplase should be given to all eligible @entity1 with acute @entity385 to improve long-term neurologic outcomes. The effects of alteplase on early survival are more complex than previously understood.

title: Intravenous Recombinant @entity1456 Does Not Impact Mortality in Acute XXXX at Any Time Point up to 6 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Concerns about the harms of intravenous alteplase (recombinant @entity1456 ) continue to deter physicians from treating @entity1 with acute @entity385 with the only drug proven to positively impact outcomes and reduce disability. Recent literature indicates an increase in mortality with alteplase within 7 days, an effect that does not persist from 3 months onwards. The objective of this meta-analysis was to pool mortality estimates from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) at 7 days, 30 days, 90 days, and 6 months after @entity64 onset. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched through to April 2014, using "hedges" for @entity1456 , acute @entity385 , and placebo. Two independent authors abstracted data and assessed study quality. Data were pooled using Dersimonian and Laird's random effects model. RESULTS: Eleven RCTs (n = 6905) were included in the final analysis. Two authors independently performed study selection and data abstraction. There was no publication bias and total variance attributable to heterogeneity was not significant (I(2) < 50%) at any time point. There was no difference in mortality between alteplase and placebo groups at any time point. Trials that randomized @entity1 beyond 3 h (excluded @entity1 within the 3-h window) did not drive the mortality difference seen at any time point. Exclusion sensitivity analysis revealed that exclusion of the NINDS trial rendered the 7-day difference significant towards increased mortality with alteplase. Quality adjustment did not alter the results. CONCLUSION: Intravenous alteplase did not impact mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity385 at any of the measured time points up to 6 months (i.e., there was no increase in the risk of death with alteplase). Therefore, intravenous alteplase should be given to all eligible @entity1 with acute @entity385 to improve long-term neurologic outcomes. The effects of alteplase on early survival are more complex than previously understood.

title: Intravenous Recombinant XXXX Does Not Impact Mortality in Acute @entity385 at Any Time Point up to 6 Months: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on preclinical evidence of synergistic activity between @entity8047 and @entity470 inhibitors in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity17528 , a @entity16629 inhibitor, plus @entity3866 in @entity1 with previously treated advanced @entity1124 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this single-arm phase II trial, eligible @entity1 received the combination of @entity3866 100 mg plus @entity17528 100 mg daily in 3-week cycles. Study assessments included measurement of clinical outcomes, with a primary endpoint of overall survival, and exploration of potential molecular predictors of treatment benefit. RESULTS: 46 @entity1 were enrolled and received a median of 2 cycles (range, 1-7). While no objective responses were observed, 19 @entity1 (41%) showed evidence of stable disease for >= 6 weeks, and 13/34 @entity1 (38%) had a CA19-9 decline >= 50%. Median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.4-3.3 months), with a median OS of 7.3 months (95% CI, 5.2-8.0 months). Common adverse events included @entity1910 , @entity294 , and @entity390 / @entity391 . @entity1 with @entity5 exhibiting an epithelial phenotype (demonstrated by high level of @entity5962 expression) were more likely to be sensitive to study treatment. Tumor-derived DNA was detectable in plasma from the majority of @entity1 using next-generation digital DNA sequencing, and its relative abundance correlated with @entity5 burden. CONCLUSIONS: A therapeutic strategy of dual targeted inhibition of the @entity8047 and @entity470 pathways shows modest antitumor activity in @entity788 . Specific molecular subtypes may derive greatest benefit from this combination. Further exploration, both with more potent @entity8047 inhibitors and in molecularly enriched @entity1 subsets, is warranted.

title: A MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL OF COMBINED @entity8047 PLUS XXXX INHIBITION FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-REFRACTORY ADVANCED PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity17528 :: ('MESH:C517975', 'Chemical') :: ['selumetinib']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on preclinical evidence of synergistic activity between @entity8047 and @entity470 inhibitors in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity17528 , a @entity16629 inhibitor, plus @entity3866 in @entity1 with previously treated advanced @entity1124 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In this single-arm phase II trial, eligible @entity1 received the combination of @entity3866 100 mg plus @entity17528 100 mg daily in 3-week cycles. Study assessments included measurement of clinical outcomes, with a primary endpoint of overall survival, and exploration of potential molecular predictors of treatment benefit. RESULTS: 46 @entity1 were enrolled and received a median of 2 cycles (range, 1-7). While no objective responses were observed, 19 @entity1 (41%) showed evidence of stable disease for >= 6 weeks, and 13/34 @entity1 (38%) had a CA19-9 decline >= 50%. Median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (95% CI, 1.4-3.3 months), with a median OS of 7.3 months (95% CI, 5.2-8.0 months). Common adverse events included @entity1910 , @entity294 , and @entity390 / @entity391 . @entity1 with @entity5 exhibiting an epithelial phenotype (demonstrated by high level of @entity5962 expression) were more likely to be sensitive to study treatment. Tumor-derived DNA was detectable in plasma from the majority of @entity1 using next-generation digital DNA sequencing, and its relative abundance correlated with @entity5 burden. CONCLUSIONS: A therapeutic strategy of dual targeted inhibition of the @entity8047 and @entity470 pathways shows modest antitumor activity in @entity788 . Specific molecular subtypes may derive greatest benefit from this combination. Further exploration, both with more potent @entity8047 inhibitors and in molecularly enriched @entity1 subsets, is warranted.

title: A MULTICENTER, OPEN-LABEL PHASE II CLINICAL TRIAL OF COMBINED XXXX PLUS @entity470 INHIBITION FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-REFRACTORY ADVANCED PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA.

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity427 reflex to an intense acoustic pulse stimulus is attenuated if the pulse stimulus is shortly preceded by a weak non-startling prepulse stimulus. This attenuation of the @entity427 reflex represents a form of pre-attentional sensory gating known as prepulse inhibition (PPI). Although PPI does not require learning, its expression is regulated by higher cognitive processes. @entity51 have been detected in several @entity146 conditions including @entity161 where they co-exist with @entity73 . A potential link between PPI expression and cognitive performance has therefore been suggested such that poor PPI may predict, or may be mechanistically linked to, overt @entity73 . A positive relationship between PPI and strategy formation, planning efficiency, and execution speed has been observed in healthy @entity1 . However, parallel studies in healthy animals are rare. It thus remains unclear what cognitive domains may be associated with, or orthogonal to, sensory gating in the form of PPI in healthy animals. The present study evaluated a potential link between the magnitude of PPI and spatial memory performance by comparing two subgroups of animals differing substantially in baseline PPI expression (low-PPI vs high-PPI) within a homogenous cohort of 100 male adult C57BL/6 @entity19 . Assessment of spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze and spatial recognition memory in the Y-maze failed to reveal any difference between low-PPI and high-PPI subjects. These negative findings contrast with our previous reports that individual difference in PPI correlated with @entity2414 performance in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

title: Individual difference in prepulse inhibition does not predict spatial learning and memory performance in C57BL/6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['PPI deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['sustained attention and working memory']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2012 is a @entity395 and increased mortality. The incidence and prevalence of @entity2012 worldwide is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To gather information on @entity1 diagnosed with acromegly in Iceland over 59  years. DESIGN: Information was retrospectively gathered about @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2012 from 1955 through 2013. Incidence was calculated from the total Icelandic population. SETTING/ @entity1 : Information was gathered from medical records at Landspitali National University Hospital, Iceland, housing the only endocrine department in the country, at the largest hospital outside of Reykjavik (Sj  krah  si      Akureyri, Akureyri Hospital) and the largest private outpatient clinic in Reykjavik, where some of the @entity1 received follow-up care. Further, information on @entity1 were sought from all endocrinologists treating adult @entity1 in Iceland. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2012 during the study period were included. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 (32 @entity1 ) were diagnosed during the study period. The average age at diagnosis was 44.5  years. Nine @entity1 had died. Symptoms had been present for more than 3  years in most cases. Twenty-five @entity1 had @entity101 (48  %). Follow up information was available for 48 @entity1 , 63  % were considered cured after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity2012 in Iceland during the study period was much higher than earlier reports have indicated. During the last 9  years of the study 7.7 @entity1 were diagnosed per million per year. At diagnosis, 38  % had developed @entity101 and 10  % were diagnosed during follow up. This indicates the importance of @entity4903 in the aetiology of @entity101 .

title: The incidence and prevalence of XXXX , a nationwide study from 1955 through 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease with complications']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) is a prototypic @entity9818 attributable to complement dysregulation. In the absence of complement inhibition, progressive clinical deterioration occurs. The authors postulated that a biopsy of normal skin could corroborate the diagnosis of @entity1381 through the demonstration of vascular deposits of C5b-9. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies of normal skin from 22 @entity1 with and without @entity1381 were processed for routine light microscopy and immunofluorescent studies. An assessment was made for vascular C5b-9 deposition immunohistochemically and by immunofluorescence. The biopsies were obtained primarily from the forearm and/or deltoid. RESULTS: @entity1 with classic features of @entity1381 showed insidious microvascular changes including loose luminal platelet thrombi, except in 2 @entity1 in whom a striking @entity455 was apparent in biopsied digital @entity1066 . Extensive microvascular deposits of the membrane attack complex/C5b-9 were identified, excluding 1 @entity1 in whom eculizumab was initiated before biopsy. In 5 of the 7 @entity1 where follow-up was available, the @entity1 exhibited an excellent treatment response to eculizumab. @entity1 without diagnostic clinical features of @entity1381 failed to show significant vascular deposits of complement, except 2 @entity1 with @entity2106 including 1 in whom a @entity4050 mutation was identified. CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical setting where @entity1381 is an important diagnostic consideration, extensive microvascular deposition of C5b-9 supports the diagnosis of either @entity1381 or a subset of @entity2106 @entity1 with concomitant complement dysregulation; significant vascular C5b-9 deposition predicts clinical responsiveness to eculizumab.

title: Role of the skin biopsy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['thrombogenic vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['aHUS', 'Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maladaptive social interaction and its related psychopathology have been highlighted in psychiatry especially among younger generations. In Japan, novel expressive forms of @entity146 phenomena such as " @entity308 " and "hikikomori" (a syndrome of severe social withdrawal lasting for at least six months) have been reported especially among young @entity1 . Economic games such as the trust game have been utilized to evaluate real-world interpersonal relationships as a novel candidate for @entity146 evaluations. To investigate the relationship between trusting behaviors and various psychometric scales, we conducted a trust game experiment with eighty-one Japanese university students as a pilot study. @entity1 made a risky financial decision about whether to trust each of 40 photographed partners. @entity1 then answered a set of questionnaires with seven scales including the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS)-6 and the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Consistent with previous research, male @entity1 trusted partners more than female @entity1 . Regression analysis revealed that LSNS-family (perceived support from family) for male @entity1 , and item 8 of PHQ-9 (subjective @entity2146 ) for female @entity1 were associated with @entity1 ' trusting behaviors. Consistent with claims by social scientists, our data suggest that, for males, support from family was negatively associated with cooperative behavior toward non-family members. Females with higher subjective agitation (and/or retardation) gave less money toward males and high attractive females, but not toward low attractive females in interpersonal relationships. We believe that our data indicate the possible impact of economic games in @entity146 research and clinical practice, and validation in clinical samples including @entity308 and hikikomori should be investigated.

title: Relationship between Trusting Behaviors and Psychometrics Associated with Social Network and XXXX among Young Generation: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['modern-type depression']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation and/or retardation']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic contribution of @entity310 gene polymorphisms on the disease course and therapeutic response in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: 74 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity4932 were recruited with a control group of 77 healthy @entity1 . DNA was extracted for analysis of @entity310 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -163, -244, -238, -376, and -308. RESULTS: No SNPs at position -163 were observed, while we observed only SNPs at positions -244 and -376 in the controls. No differences were observed in the prevalence of SNPs at -238 and -308 between @entity4932 and controls. In @entity4932 @entity1 no significant differences were observed between the -238 and @entity15646 genotypes and different disease phenotypes. We observed a significant lower disease activity expressed in the carriers of -308 GG genotype with respect to GA and AA genotypes after 6 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.013, respectively) and 12 months of disease (p = 0.02 and p = 0.08, respectively). Also the -238 GG genotypes showed a better disease course after 12 months of disease. Moreover, the -238/-308 GG genotypes presented the higher reduction of disease activity both after 6 (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA) and 12 months from baseline (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA). After 12 months of biologic therapy, a significant higher disease activity was observed in @entity1 with genotype -308 AA respect to both GA (p = 0.012) and GG (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4932 @entity1 carrying the @entity310 -308 GA/AA and -238 GA genotypes are associated with a worse prognosis and with a lower response to anti- @entity310 drugs.

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms and @entity4932 : Influence on disease outcome and therapeutic response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic contribution of @entity310 gene polymorphisms on the disease course and therapeutic response in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: 74 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity4932 were recruited with a control group of 77 healthy @entity1 . DNA was extracted for analysis of @entity310 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -163, -244, -238, -376, and -308. RESULTS: No SNPs at position -163 were observed, while we observed only SNPs at positions -244 and -376 in the controls. No differences were observed in the prevalence of SNPs at -238 and -308 between @entity4932 and controls. In @entity4932 @entity1 no significant differences were observed between the -238 and @entity15646 genotypes and different disease phenotypes. We observed a significant lower disease activity expressed in the carriers of -308 GG genotype with respect to GA and AA genotypes after 6 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.013, respectively) and 12 months of disease (p = 0.02 and p = 0.08, respectively). Also the -238 GG genotypes showed a better disease course after 12 months of disease. Moreover, the -238/-308 GG genotypes presented the higher reduction of disease activity both after 6 (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA) and 12 months from baseline (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA). After 12 months of biologic therapy, a significant higher disease activity was observed in @entity1 with genotype -308 AA respect to both GA (p = 0.012) and GG (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4932 @entity1 carrying the @entity310 -308 GA/AA and -238 GA genotypes are associated with a worse prognosis and with a lower response to anti- @entity310 drugs.

title: @entity310 gene polymorphisms and XXXX : Influence on disease outcome and therapeutic response.

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report released in 2000, about 121 million @entity1 worldwide suffer from @entity308 . The @entity308 ( @entity308 ) among @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 is one of the most common @entity1316 experienced during life. @entity15 @entity1 who simultaneously suffer from @entity308 have reported more severe symptoms of disease and slower adaptation to new conditions, which ultimately increase the cost of treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy (PMRT) as an adjunctive therapy for reducing level of @entity308 for @entity15 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research had the randomized controlled trial design with pre and posttest. Thirty female @entity1 based on criteria of @entity15 and @entity308 , were selected from the @entity15 Society of Shiraz, Iran. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was administered at pre and posttest. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups (experimental and control). Twelve sessions of PMRT using Bernstein and Borkovec's method were held for the experimental group. Levin's test, covariance and ANOVA with repeated measures were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Experimental and control groups were compared before and after treatment. Analysis of covariance showed that seven levels of @entity308 decreased in the experimental group and analysis of repeated measure showed that 49% of the changes were related to PMRT. CONCLUSION: According to the results, PMRT is effective in reducing @entity308 . This therapy enables @entity1 to reach relaxation quickly, and thus can cope with @entity308 reactions effectively.

title: A Fresh Look at the Potential Mechanisms of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on Depression in Female @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'MDD disease', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report released in 2000, about 121 million @entity1 worldwide suffer from @entity308 . The @entity308 ( @entity308 ) among @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 is one of the most common @entity1316 experienced during life. @entity15 @entity1 who simultaneously suffer from @entity308 have reported more severe symptoms of disease and slower adaptation to new conditions, which ultimately increase the cost of treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation therapy (PMRT) as an adjunctive therapy for reducing level of @entity308 for @entity15 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research had the randomized controlled trial design with pre and posttest. Thirty female @entity1 based on criteria of @entity15 and @entity308 , were selected from the @entity15 Society of Shiraz, Iran. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was administered at pre and posttest. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups (experimental and control). Twelve sessions of PMRT using Bernstein and Borkovec's method were held for the experimental group. Levin's test, covariance and ANOVA with repeated measures were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Experimental and control groups were compared before and after treatment. Analysis of covariance showed that seven levels of @entity308 decreased in the experimental group and analysis of repeated measure showed that 49% of the changes were related to PMRT. CONCLUSION: According to the results, PMRT is effective in reducing @entity308 . This therapy enables @entity1 to reach relaxation quickly, and thus can cope with @entity308 reactions effectively.

title: A Fresh Look at the Potential Mechanisms of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy on Depression in Female XXXX With @entity15 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are collectively the third most common @entity5464 , surpassed only by prostate and @entity150 . Cure rates for @entity1358 are related to @entity5 grade and stage; therefore, diagnostic methods for early detection and new therapeutic modalities are of paramount importance. Epigenetics can be defined as inherited modifications in gene expression that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetics may play an important role in the pursuit of early diagnosis, accurate prognostication and identification of new therapeutic targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used PubMed to conduct a comprehensive search of the English medical literature using search terms including epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA regulation (miRNA) and @entity1358 . In this review, we discuss the potential application of epigenetics in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of @entity703 . RESULTS: During the last decade, many different types of epigenetic alterations of DNA have been found to be associated with @entity703 . This has led to the research of the diagnostic and prognostic implications of these changes in @entity8 as well as to the development of novel drugs to target these changes, with the aim of achieving a survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Epigenetics has become a promising field in @entity5 research. The potential to achieve early detection and accurate prognostication in @entity703 might be feasible through the application of epigenetics. The possibility to reverse these epigenetic changes with new therapeutic agents motivates researchers to continue pursuing better treatment options for @entity703 and other @entity5 .

title: The role of epigenetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['type of genitourinary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['malignant renal tumors', 'kidney cancer']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney malignancies']


abstract: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins that lack secondary and/or tertiary structure under physiological conditions. These proteins are very abundant in eukaryotic proteomes and play crucial roles in all molecular mechanisms underlying the response to environmental challenges. In plants, different IDPs involved in stress response have been identified and characterized. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of @entity74 in plant proteomes under abiotic or biotic stresses is not available so far. In the present work the transcriptome dataset of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) fruits interacting with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum was actualized onto the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) genome. The obtained cDNA sequences were translated into protein sequences, which were subsequently subjected to disorder analysis. The results, providing the first estimation of disorder abundance associated to plant @entity281 , showed that the proteome activated in the strawberry red fruit during the active fungal propagation is remarkably depleted in disorder. On the other hand, in the resistant white fruit, no significant @entity74 is observed in the proteins expressed in response to @entity364 . Four representative proteins, FvSMP, FvPRKRIP, FvPCD-4 and FvFAM32A-like, predicted as mainly disordered and never experimentally characterized before, were isolated, and the absence of structure was validated at the secondary and tertiary level using circular dichroism and differential scanning fluorimetry. Their quaternary structure was also established using light scattering. The results are discussed considering the role of @entity74 in plant defense.

title: Unfoldome variation upon plant-pathogen interactions: strawberry XXXX by Colletotrichum acutatum.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['protein disorder', 'disorder reduction']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in @entity735 compared to fellow and normal control eyes using high-definition spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD- @entity6653 ). METHODS: Fifty-four without any systemic problem and @entity2194 participated in this prospective study. Inclusion criteria included individuals older than 18 years with @entity4457 . @entity3193 , @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), and RNFL thickness were measured by using enhanced depth imaging SD- @entity6653 . The choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and at 500   m intervals from the foveal center in both temporal and nasal directions. Axial length measurements of the cases were also recorded. RESULTS: Mean peripapillary RNFL thickness of the amblyopic, fellow, and control eyes was 107.5    15.5   m, 109.3    12.7   m, and 108.8    8.6   m, respectively (p = 0.343). The average @entity1020 was 231.7    14.7   m in @entity735 , 232.5    15.7  m in fellow eyes, and 230.8    14.8   m in control eyes (p = 0.599). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly greater in the @entity735 than in the fellow and control eyes (396.3    104.3   m, 361.0    103.9   m, 390.6    91.7   m). Mean axial measurement in @entity735 was 22.7    1.3 mm (20.5-26.1), in fellow eyes 23.1    0.9 mm (20.9-25.0), and in control eyes 23.3    0.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS: In adults with @entity4457 , subfoveal, temporal, and nasal choroidal thickness of @entity735 are significantly thicker than in fellow eyes. However, no significant differences in peripapillary RNFL thickness or @entity1020 were found between amblyopic and fellow or control eyes.

title: Choroidal and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal thickness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['anisometropic amblyopia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Overweight and @entity28 are global public health problems because of their effect on individuals, families and communities. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of overweight and @entity28 amongst adult out @entity1 in Uyo in the @entity3456 Delta region of Nigeria. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done between October 2011 and March 2012. Using a systematic sampling technique, 584 subjects aged 18-65 years were recruited; data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Subjects were measured for height, weight, waist and hip circumferences. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Subjects with a BMI of 25.0 kg/m2 - 29.9 kg/m2 were regarded as being overweight whilst a BMI of > 30.0 kg/m2 was regarded as @entity28 . Subjects with a WHR of > 0.90 for @entity1 or > 0.85 for @entity1 were regarded as having abnormal WHR. RESULTS: Of the 584 subjects, 196 (36.6%) were @entity1 and 388 (66.4%) @entity1 . The mean age for @entity1 and @entity1 was 43.3    17.8 years and 50.2    13.6 years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight amongst @entity1 was 39.8% versus 31.7% for @entity1 ; @entity28 in @entity1 was 28.0% versus 52.0% in @entity1 . Overweight and @entity28 were more prevalent in subjects aged 25-54 years and amongst married subjects. There was a significant relationship between @entity28 and television viewing (p = 0.003). @entity101 (p = 0.008) and @entity6287 (p = 0.043) were more prevalent amongst the @entity28 than the non- @entity28 subjects. CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 are now common in our environment. There is therefore a need for more public education about the health consequences of big body size.

title: Overweight and @entity28 profiles in XXXX Delta Region, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6287 :: ('MESH:C537144', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthropathies']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Overweight and @entity28 are global public health problems because of their effect on individuals, families and communities. The objective of this study was to describe the profile of overweight and @entity28 amongst adult out @entity1 in Uyo in the @entity3456 Delta region of Nigeria. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study done between October 2011 and March 2012. Using a systematic sampling technique, 584 subjects aged 18-65 years were recruited; data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Subjects were measured for height, weight, waist and hip circumferences. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Subjects with a BMI of 25.0 kg/m2 - 29.9 kg/m2 were regarded as being overweight whilst a BMI of > 30.0 kg/m2 was regarded as @entity28 . Subjects with a WHR of > 0.90 for @entity1 or > 0.85 for @entity1 were regarded as having abnormal WHR. RESULTS: Of the 584 subjects, 196 (36.6%) were @entity1 and 388 (66.4%) @entity1 . The mean age for @entity1 and @entity1 was 43.3    17.8 years and 50.2    13.6 years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight amongst @entity1 was 39.8% versus 31.7% for @entity1 ; @entity28 in @entity1 was 28.0% versus 52.0% in @entity1 . Overweight and @entity28 were more prevalent in subjects aged 25-54 years and amongst married subjects. There was a significant relationship between @entity28 and television viewing (p = 0.003). @entity101 (p = 0.008) and @entity6287 (p = 0.043) were more prevalent amongst the @entity28 than the non- @entity28 subjects. CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 are now common in our environment. There is therefore a need for more public education about the health consequences of big body size.

title: Overweight and XXXX profiles in @entity3456 Delta Region, Nigeria.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently there is controversy surrounding the optimal way to treat @entity1 with @entity263 in the @entity10281 . Adjuvant therapies carry possible benefits of improved curative results, but there is uncertainty in which @entity1 should receive adjuvant therapy. There are concerns about giving @entity137 to a whole population for the benefit of only a subset. We hypothesized that making @entity8447 treatment decisions using genomics-based risk prediction estimates would improve @entity5 and quality of life outcomes. METHODS: We developed a state-transition model to simulate outcomes over a 10 year horizon for a cohort of @entity8447 @entity1 . Outcomes included @entity5 progression rates at 5 and 10 years, overall survival, and quality-adjusted survival with reductions for treatment, side effects, and @entity5 stage. We compared outcomes using population-level versus individual-level risk of @entity5 progression, and for genomics-based care versus usual care treatment recommendations. RESULTS: Cancer progression outcomes, expected life-years (LYs), and expected quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were significantly different when individual genomics-based @entity5 progression risk estimates were used in place of population-level risk estimates. Use of the genomic classifier to guide treatment decisions provided small, but statistically significant, improvements in model outcomes. We observed an additional 0.03 LYs and 0.07 QALYs, a 12% relative increase in the 5-year recurrence-free survival probability, and a 4% relative reduction in the 5-year probability of @entity3 or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of genomics-based risk prediction to guide treatment decisions may improve outcomes for @entity263 @entity1 . This study offers a framework for individualized decision analysis, and can be extended to incorporate a wide range of personal attributes to enable delivery of @entity1 -centered tools for informed decision-making.

title: Evaluating the Clinical Impact of a Genomic Classifier in XXXX Using Individualized Decision Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['post-prostatectomy setting']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity8447 :: ('MESH:D017169', 'Disease') :: ['post-prostatectomy']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Tanzania, a country of 42 million, access to oral @entity1286 is rare. AIM: To demonstrate the effectiveness of palliative care teams in reducing @entity1 ' @entity158 and  in increasing other positive life qualities in the absence of @entity1286 ; and to document the  psychological burden experienced by their clinical providers, trained in @entity1286 delivery, as  they observed their @entity1 suffering and in extreme @entity158 . SETTING: One hundred and forty-fie @entity5 @entity1 were included from 13 rural hospitals  spread across Tanzania. METHOD: A mixed method study beginning with a retrospective quantitative analysis of @entity5  @entity1 who were administered the APCA African POS tool four times. Bivariate analyses  of the scores at time one and four were compared across the domains. The qualitative arm  included an analysis of interviews with six nurses, each with more than fie years' palliative  care experience and no access to strong opioids. RESULTS: @entity1 and their family caregivers identifid statistically signifiant (p < 0.001)  improvements in all of the domains. Thematic analysis of nurse interviews described the  @entity1 and family benefis from palliative care but also their great distress when 'bad  cases' arose who would likely benefi only from oral @entity1286 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 living with chronic @entity5 who receive palliative care  experience profound physical, spiritual and emotional benefis even without oral @entity1286 .  These results demonstrate the need for continued advocacy to increase the availability of oral  @entity1286 in these settings in addition to palliative care services.

title: Where there is no XXXX : The challenge and hope of palliative care delivery in Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro @entity1423 in feline blood samples is a well-known phenomenon in veterinary clinical laboratories resulting in high numbers of pseudothrombocytopenia. Several attempts have been made to prevent or dissolve platelet aggregates in feline blood samples and to increase the @entity1423 . @entity4770 ( @entity4770 ) is the most powerful endogenous inhibitor of @entity1423 but unstable. Iloprost is a stable @entity4770 analogue. The aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the anti-aggregatory effect of Iloprost on feline platelet counts and to determine a useful concentration to inhibit @entity1423 in @entity1098 samples from clinically healthy @entity468 , (2) to investigate the effect of @entity1503 , and (3) to determine stability of Iloprost in K3- @entity1098 tubes for up to 16 weeks. From 20 clinically healthy @entity468 blood was drawn from the jugular vein and immediately distributed in a 1.3 ml K3- @entity1098 tube, and two 1.3 ml K3- @entity1098 tubes containing 20 ng and 200 ng Iloprost, respectively. A complete blood cell count was performed on the Sysmex XT-2000iV and the Mythic 18 on eight consecutive time points after collection. Blood smears were evaluated for the presence of PLT aggregates. RESULTS: In the absence of Iloprost, pseudothrombocytopenia was observed in 50% of the investigated samples that led to significantly decreased optical PLT counts by a mean of 105 x10(3)/ l, which could be prevented by the addition of 1  L (20 ng) Iloprost leading to an increase in PLT counts by a mean of 108 x10(3)/ l. CONCLUSION: This is the first study showing an anti-aggregatory effect of the @entity4770 -analogue Iloprost in feline @entity1098 blood. In all clinically healthy @entity468 investigated, pseudothrombocytopenia was prevented by adding Iloprost to @entity1098 tubes prior to blood collection. Furthermore, Iloprost was very useful in preventing falsely increased WBC counts in samples with platelet aggregates analyzed on impedance-based hematological instruments. Iloprost is preferable to @entity4770 or @entity5015 due to its stability and easy and safe handling properties. Cytological evaluations of blood smears as well as other hematological parameters were not influenced to a clinically significant degree by the presence of Iloprost.

title: Effective prevention of pseudothrombocytopenia in feline blood samples with the XXXX analogue Iloprost.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'reliability of feline platelet counts']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['PGI2', 'Prostaglandin I2']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Iloprost on hematological blood parameters']

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin I2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Large platelets with high haemostatic activity may lead to increased @entity1423 .. Mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), an indicator of platelet reactivity, may emerge as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). It was the objective of this study to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess prognostic effects of @entity6688 on @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity453 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and SCOPUS from inception to January 2, 2014. All studies that reported @entity6688 and the incidence of @entity65 in @entity453 @entity1 were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. A random-effects model was applied for pooling the mean difference of @entity6688 between @entity1 with vs without @entity65 . Among 30 eligible studies, eight studies reported mean difference of @entity6688 between @entity65 groups, 11 studies reported @entity6688 dichotomous into high vs low @entity6688 groups, and 11 studies reported both. The pooled mean difference was 0.69 fL (95   %CI = 0.36, 1.01), i.   e. @entity1 with @entity65 had a @entity6688 about 0.69 fL higher than non- @entity65 . @entity1 with higher @entity6688 were about 12   % more likely to die than @entity1 with lower @entity6688 (RR 1.12; 95   %CI = 1.02-1.24). However, pooling these effects was based on high heterogeneity and the source of heterogeneity could not be identified. This might be explained by many differences among included studies (e.   g. study population, outcomes of interest, analysate, time between blood collection and @entity6688 analysis, etc). These findings suggest that @entity6688 may be a useful prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Prognostic effect of mean platelet volume in @entity1 with XXXX . A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVE', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Large platelets with high haemostatic activity may lead to increased @entity1423 .. Mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ), an indicator of platelet reactivity, may emerge as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). It was the objective of this study to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess prognostic effects of @entity6688 on @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity453 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and SCOPUS from inception to January 2, 2014. All studies that reported @entity6688 and the incidence of @entity65 in @entity453 @entity1 were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. A random-effects model was applied for pooling the mean difference of @entity6688 between @entity1 with vs without @entity65 . Among 30 eligible studies, eight studies reported mean difference of @entity6688 between @entity65 groups, 11 studies reported @entity6688 dichotomous into high vs low @entity6688 groups, and 11 studies reported both. The pooled mean difference was 0.69 fL (95   %CI = 0.36, 1.01), i.   e. @entity1 with @entity65 had a @entity6688 about 0.69 fL higher than non- @entity65 . @entity1 with higher @entity6688 were about 12   % more likely to die than @entity1 with lower @entity6688 (RR 1.12; 95   %CI = 1.02-1.24). However, pooling these effects was based on high heterogeneity and the source of heterogeneity could not be identified. This might be explained by many differences among included studies (e.   g. study population, outcomes of interest, analysate, time between blood collection and @entity6688 analysis, etc). These findings suggest that @entity6688 may be a useful prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Prognostic effect of mean platelet volume in XXXX with @entity453 . A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins have been shown to be beneficial in primary and secondary prevention settings; however, their role in the elderly remains a clinical conundrum, given that age-related factors could alter the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment. This study aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of statins for primary prevention of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in the elderly. METHODS: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing any statins with placebo or usual care for primary prevention of @entity65 in subjects aged >= 65 years. Relative risks (RRs) using a random effects model were calculated and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings. RESULTS: Eight studies (n = 25,952) were included in the meta-analysis. Statins significantly reduced the risks of composite major adverse cardiovascular events (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.92), nonfatal @entity583 [ @entity583 ] (0.75, 0.59-0.94) and total @entity583 (0.74, 0.61-0.90). Treatment effects of statins were statistically insignificant in fatal @entity583 (0.43, 0.09-2.01), @entity64 (fatal: 0.76, 0.24-2.45; nonfatal: 0.76, 0.53-1.11; total: 0.85, 0.68-1.06) and all-cause mortality (0.96, 0.88-1.04). Significant differences were not observed in @entity925 (0.88, 0.69-1.13), elevation of hepatic transaminases (0.98, 0.71-1.34), new-onset @entity6 (1.07, 0.77-1.48), serious adverse events (1.00, 0.97-1.04) and discontinuation due to adverse events (1.10, 0.85-1.42). The occurrence of @entity121 , @entity5925 and @entity73 was largely unreported in the included trials. CONCLUSIONS: From a risk-benefit perspective, there is a role of statins for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly @entity1 . Further studies are needed to ascertain the benefits of statins on fatal @entity583 , @entity64 and all-cause mortality.

title: Statins for Primary Prevention of XXXX in Elderly @entity1 : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins have been shown to be beneficial in primary and secondary prevention settings; however, their role in the elderly remains a clinical conundrum, given that age-related factors could alter the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment. This study aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of statins for primary prevention of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in the elderly. METHODS: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing any statins with placebo or usual care for primary prevention of @entity65 in subjects aged >= 65 years. Relative risks (RRs) using a random effects model were calculated and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of findings. RESULTS: Eight studies (n = 25,952) were included in the meta-analysis. Statins significantly reduced the risks of composite major adverse cardiovascular events (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.92), nonfatal @entity583 [ @entity583 ] (0.75, 0.59-0.94) and total @entity583 (0.74, 0.61-0.90). Treatment effects of statins were statistically insignificant in fatal @entity583 (0.43, 0.09-2.01), @entity64 (fatal: 0.76, 0.24-2.45; nonfatal: 0.76, 0.53-1.11; total: 0.85, 0.68-1.06) and all-cause mortality (0.96, 0.88-1.04). Significant differences were not observed in @entity925 (0.88, 0.69-1.13), elevation of hepatic transaminases (0.98, 0.71-1.34), new-onset @entity6 (1.07, 0.77-1.48), serious adverse events (1.00, 0.97-1.04) and discontinuation due to adverse events (1.10, 0.85-1.42). The occurrence of @entity121 , @entity5925 and @entity73 was largely unreported in the included trials. CONCLUSIONS: From a risk-benefit perspective, there is a role of statins for the primary prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly @entity1 . Further studies are needed to ascertain the benefits of statins on fatal @entity583 , @entity64 and all-cause mortality.

title: Statins for Primary Prevention of @entity65 in Elderly XXXX : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the technique of total extraperitoneal @entity169 repair performed during Robot-assisted Endoscopic Extraperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy (R-EERPE) and to present the initial outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 12 @entity1 underwent @entity169 repair during 120 R-EERPEs performed between July 2011 and March 2012. All @entity1 had a clinically palpable @entity169 preoperatively. The @entity547 was repaired using a Total Extraperitoneal Patch (TEP) at the end of the procedure. RESULTS: Sac dissection and mesh placement was simpler compared to conventional laparoscopy due to improved, magnified, 3-D vision along with 7   of movement, and better control of mesh placement. The median operating time was 185 minutes, with on average, an additional 12 minutes incurred per @entity547 repair. The median @entity190 for the procedures was 250 ml, and the mean pathological prostate weight was 55 gm. No additional @entity190 was noted and there were no postoperative complications. None of the @entity1 had a recurrence at 12 months. We await long-term follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted TEP is feasible and should be considered in @entity1 with @entity547 at the time of R-EERPE.

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic total extraperitoneal XXXX repair during prostatectomy: technique and initial experience.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: Dural @entity3 from @entity263 is rare and may mimic a @entity3439 ( @entity3439 ). Preoperatively diagnosis may be difficult and only reveal its presence during surgery. We present such a case and review the literature to identify common characteristics. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 , @entity911 , and progressive @entity425 . Past history included a @entity263 with bone @entity3 3 years earlier. Head computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast revealed a multinodular bilateral hyperdense extra-axial lesion interpreted as acute @entity3439 . At surgery planned for @entity3439 drainage no blood was found; instead there was an en plaque subdural @entity5 . Histopathologic examination was consistent with metastatic @entity263 . We found 11 cases reported as dural @entity3 of @entity263 mimicking @entity3439 . Surgery was performed on nine cases with no suspicion of dural @entity3 . On preoperative nonenhanced CT scan images, three types of image patterns can be described: a nodule in @entity3439 , multinodular @entity3 surrounded by @entity3439 , and large en plaque subdural @entity5 . The latter group consists of those cases where no blood but rather an en plaque subdural @entity5 was found at surgery. Even though rare, dural @entity3 should be considered among the differential diagnoses in a @entity1 known for @entity263 .

title: Subdural @entity3 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma', 'SDH']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'yellowish tumor']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['right upper limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Dural @entity3 from @entity263 is rare and may mimic a @entity3439 ( @entity3439 ). Preoperatively diagnosis may be difficult and only reveal its presence during surgery. We present such a case and review the literature to identify common characteristics. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 , @entity911 , and progressive @entity425 . Past history included a @entity263 with bone @entity3 3 years earlier. Head computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast revealed a multinodular bilateral hyperdense extra-axial lesion interpreted as acute @entity3439 . At surgery planned for @entity3439 drainage no blood was found; instead there was an en plaque subdural @entity5 . Histopathologic examination was consistent with metastatic @entity263 . We found 11 cases reported as dural @entity3 of @entity263 mimicking @entity3439 . Surgery was performed on nine cases with no suspicion of dural @entity3 . On preoperative nonenhanced CT scan images, three types of image patterns can be described: a nodule in @entity3439 , multinodular @entity3 surrounded by @entity3439 , and large en plaque subdural @entity5 . The latter group consists of those cases where no blood but rather an en plaque subdural @entity5 was found at surgery. Even though rare, dural @entity3 should be considered among the differential diagnoses in a @entity1 known for @entity263 .

title: Subdural XXXX of @entity263 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcome of major @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ). This is a retrospective review of 54 cases of @entity2347 during a 35-year period from 1974 to 2009 at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Medical records and histological samples were reviewed. All @entity1 had a minimum follow-up time of 5  years or until @entity204 . Most of the @entity5 occurred in the parotid gland (n   =   30, 56  %) followed by submandibular gland (n   =   22, 41  %) and sublingual gland (n   =   2, 4  %). Fifty-two @entity1 (96  %) were treated with curative intent. All of these @entity1 except one were primarily treated with surgery, and 29 @entity1 (54  %) also received postoperative radiotherapy for their primary @entity5 . Two @entity1 (4  %) received palliative radiotherapy. For those treated with curative intent, 32 @entity1 (62  %) had disease recurrence. Twenty-four @entity1 (75  %) had their first disease recurrence within 5  years and eight @entity1 (25  %) later than 5  years. The difference in the length of recurrence-free time interval (<5 vs. >5  years) had a significant impact on 5-year overall survival (OS) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The OS, @entity66 and disease-free survival (DFS) across stages I-IV varied between 46-100, 50-100 and 46-100  %, respectively. Age over 45  years, T stage, and presence of neck metastases had a significant negative prognostic effect. More than half of the @entity1 had recurrent disease. An extended follow-up for these @entity1 seems feasible as most of the distant metastases were detected within a 10-year period.

title: Pattern of recurrent disease in major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland adenocystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['salivary gland adenocystic carcinoma']