abstract: Many important functions have been attributed to the high-risk @entity1082 ) E6 and E7 proteins, including binding and degradation of p53 as well as interacting with Rb proteins. In contrast, the physiological roles of the low-risk E6 and E7 proteins remain unclear. Previous studies demonstrated that the high-risk E6 and E7 proteins also play roles in the productive life cycle by facilitating the maintenance of viral episomes (J. T. Thomas, W. G. Hubert, M. N. Ruesch, and L. A. Laimins, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:8449-8454, 1999). In order to determine whether low-risk E6 or E7 is similarly necessary for the stable maintenance of episomes, @entity9273 ( @entity9273 ) genomes that contained translation termination mutations in E6 or E7 were constructed. Upon transfection into normal @entity1 keratinocytes, genomes in which E6 function was abolished were unable to be maintained episomally. Transfection of genomes containing substitution mutations in @entity1522 conserved in high- and low-risk HPV types suggested that multiple protein domains are involved in this process. Examination of cells transfected with @entity9273 genomes in which E7 function was inhibited were found to exhibit a more complex phenotype. At the second passage following transfection, mutant genomes were maintained as episomes but at significantly reduced levels than in cells transfected with the wild-type @entity9273 genome. Upon further passage in culture, however, the episomal forms of these E7 mutant genomes quickly disappeared. These findings identify important new functions for the low-risk E6 and E7 proteins in the episomal maintenance of low-risk @entity9273 genomes and suggest that they may act in a manner similar to that observed for the high-risk proteins.

title: Roles of the E6 and E7 proteins in the life cycle of low-risk XXXX type 11.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity1501 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 use in @entity309 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity1499 ", " @entity1501 ", " @entity4181 ", " @entity1501 " and " @entity1255 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity26457 , including folic and @entity4181 , in @entity309 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity1501 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity1501 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity1255 associated with the use of @entity1500 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity65 , which is over-represented amongst @entity1 with @entity309 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity1501 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity1 receiving @entity1500 for the treatment of @entity309 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity1501 given on the morning following the day of @entity1500 administration.

title: @entity1501 supplementation and XXXX treatment in @entity309 : a review.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity1501 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 use in @entity309 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity1499 ", " @entity1501 ", " @entity4181 ", " @entity1501 " and " @entity1255 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity26457 , including folic and @entity4181 , in @entity309 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity1501 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity1501 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity1255 associated with the use of @entity1500 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity65 , which is over-represented amongst @entity1 with @entity309 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity1501 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity1 receiving @entity1500 for the treatment of @entity309 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity1501 given on the morning following the day of @entity1500 administration.

title: XXXX supplementation and @entity1499 treatment in @entity309 : a review.

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['Folate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity1501 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 use in @entity309 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity1499 ", " @entity1501 ", " @entity4181 ", " @entity1501 " and " @entity1255 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity26457 , including folic and @entity4181 , in @entity309 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity1501 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity1501 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity1255 associated with the use of @entity1500 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity65 , which is over-represented amongst @entity1 with @entity309 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity1501 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity1 receiving @entity1500 for the treatment of @entity309 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity1501 given on the morning following the day of @entity1500 administration.

title: @entity1501 supplementation and @entity1499 treatment in XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: During the last 10 years 52 @entity1 with acute @entity432 underwent surgery. There were 19 males and 33 females with a mean age of 73.0 years. 33 @entity1 (63.5%) died postoperatively within 30 days. In 12 cases laparotomy demonstrated inoperability. Resections of the @entity39 small intestine were performed in 21 cases, in 6 cases also of the colon. Resections of the intestine were combined in 16 cases with vascular procedures (embolectomy or thrombendarterectomy of the mesenteric superior artery or implantation of aorto-mesenterial or iliaco-mesenterial bypass). In 5 @entity1 a second look - operation was performed with 2 survivors. In 3 cases the clinical diagnosis of @entity432 was proven by preoperative angiography. The prognosis of @entity63 can only be improved by early diagnosis and operative treatment. Surgery is aimed at removing the @entity39 tissue and restoring an adequate blood flow to the remaining bowel.

title: [Acute XXXX --clinical aspects, therapy, prognosis].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery occlusion']


abstract: Hibernation is an energy-conserving behavior consisting of periods of inhibited metabolism ('torpor') with lowered body temperature. Torpor bouts are interspersed by arousal periods, in which metabolism increases and body temperature returns to euthermia. In deep torpor, the body temperature typically decreases to 2-10   C, and major physiological and immunological changes occur. One of these alterations constitutes an almost complete depletion of circulating lymphocytes that is reversed rapidly upon arousal. Here we show that torpor induces the storage of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs in response to a temperature-dependent drop in plasma levels of @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ). Regulation of lymphocyte numbers was mediated through the type 1 @entity5596 receptor ( @entity5596 (1)), because administration of a specific antagonist (W146) during torpor (in a @entity329 at    8   C) precluded restoration of lymphocyte numbers upon subsequent arousal. Furthermore, @entity5596 release from erythrocytes via @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC)-transporters was significantly inhibited at low body temperature (4   C) but was restored upon rewarming. Reversible @entity2905 also was observed during daily torpor (in a Djungarian hamster at    25   C), during forced @entity2332 in anesthetized (summer-active) hamsters (at    9   C), and in a nonhibernator ( @entity35 at    19   C). Our results demonstrate that @entity2905 during hibernation in small mammals is driven by body temperature, via altered plasma @entity5596 levels. @entity5596 is recognized as an important bioactive lipid involved in regulating several other physiological processes as well and may be an important factor regulating additional physiological processes in hibernation as well as in mediating the effects of therapeutic @entity2332 in @entity1 .

title: Low body temperature governs the decline of circulating lymphocytes during hibernation through XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: The evaluation of comparative pregnancy data in clinical studies is subject to a variety of biases. One such bias, when treated @entity1 are retrospectively compared with untreated control subjects, results from the fact that treated @entity1 must remain infertile from time of diagnosis to time of treatment while no such requirements is maintained for untreated control subjects. This bias is also apparent when @entity1 undergo sequential treatments and transfer from one comparison group to another. We have eliminated this problem by applying the Mantel-Byar approach for constructing and comparing modified life tables that reflect sequential changes of treatment status. To illustrate this we applied commonly used methods of analysis as well as the Mantel-Byar method to infertile @entity46 @entity1 attempting pregnancy. One hundred thirty consecutive @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively, with 42 undergoing expectant management only, seven experiencing a conservative surgical procedure only, and 81 having a conservative surgical procedure after a variable period of expectant management. Use of Mantel-Byar analysis revealed no significant overall increase in pregnancy rate with conservative surgical procedures versus expectant management (chi 2 = 0.225, df = 1). To further assess the potential value of conservative surgical procedures in fertility enhancement, the data were stratified by degree of @entity46 . The adjusted chi 2 was 1.621. No significant difference was noted between the two therapeutic approaches with mild disease (n = 35, chi 2 = 0.0175) or moderate @entity46 (n = 59, chi 2 = 0.424). Conservative surgical procedures appear to be therapeutic, however, in @entity1 with severe disease (n = 36, chi 2 = 5.12, p less than 0.05). These results differed substantially from those obtained with the more biased analytic methods routinely used in clinical fertility trials. This study illustrates the utility of the Mantel-Byar approach as a valuable tool in the evaluation of response time data involving transient therapeutic states and one particularly adaptable to retrospective @entity249 studies involving sequential treatment approaches.

title: Analysis of sequential treatment protocols for @entity46 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: The evaluation of comparative pregnancy data in clinical studies is subject to a variety of biases. One such bias, when treated @entity1 are retrospectively compared with untreated control subjects, results from the fact that treated @entity1 must remain infertile from time of diagnosis to time of treatment while no such requirements is maintained for untreated control subjects. This bias is also apparent when @entity1 undergo sequential treatments and transfer from one comparison group to another. We have eliminated this problem by applying the Mantel-Byar approach for constructing and comparing modified life tables that reflect sequential changes of treatment status. To illustrate this we applied commonly used methods of analysis as well as the Mantel-Byar method to infertile @entity46 @entity1 attempting pregnancy. One hundred thirty consecutive @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively, with 42 undergoing expectant management only, seven experiencing a conservative surgical procedure only, and 81 having a conservative surgical procedure after a variable period of expectant management. Use of Mantel-Byar analysis revealed no significant overall increase in pregnancy rate with conservative surgical procedures versus expectant management (chi 2 = 0.225, df = 1). To further assess the potential value of conservative surgical procedures in fertility enhancement, the data were stratified by degree of @entity46 . The adjusted chi 2 was 1.621. No significant difference was noted between the two therapeutic approaches with mild disease (n = 35, chi 2 = 0.0175) or moderate @entity46 (n = 59, chi 2 = 0.424). Conservative surgical procedures appear to be therapeutic, however, in @entity1 with severe disease (n = 36, chi 2 = 5.12, p less than 0.05). These results differed substantially from those obtained with the more biased analytic methods routinely used in clinical fertility trials. This study illustrates the utility of the Mantel-Byar approach as a valuable tool in the evaluation of response time data involving transient therapeutic states and one particularly adaptable to retrospective @entity249 studies involving sequential treatment approaches.

title: Analysis of sequential treatment protocols for XXXX -associated @entity249 .

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: METHODS: Both isolated perfused hearts and isolated ventricular myocytes from GK and matched control @entity35 @entity35 hearts were studied. Percent myocyte twitch shortening (%TS) and corresponding intracellular @entity460 transients (indo-1 fluorescence ratio, R) were measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.5-2.5 Hz; 32 degrees C, n = 16-24 cells). In isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts, we measured systolic LV pressure (LVP(max)), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (LV dP/dt(max)) and fall (LV dP/dt(min)) and isovolumic LV relaxation (exponential time constant, T) both at baseline and during brief (10 minutes) @entity519 . RESULTS: The %TS and corresponding indo-1 R were similar between GK and control myocytes at all stimulation frequencies (e.g. at 2.5 Hz: % TS = 8.6 +/- 0.77 and 8.2 +/- 0.19; R = 0.19 +/- 0.009 and 0.18 +/- 0.018, GK and control respectively, P = NS). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline LVP(max) (129 +/- 6.2 and 135 +/- 9.6 mmHg; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(max) (3169.5 +/- 165.80 and 3390.6 +/- 232.60 mmHg/s; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(min) or T (24 +/- 0.7 and 25 +/- 0.6 ms, GK and control respectively, P = NS). During 10 min @entity519 , LV dP/dt(max) decreased significantly more, and LVEDP and T increased significantly more, in GK compared to control hearts (LV dP/dt(max): 668.90 +/- 32.8 versus 1027.10 +/- 84.0 mmHg/s; LVEDP: 21.4 +/- 4.3 versus 11.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg; T: 102 +/- 13.8 versus 56 +/- 3.0 ms; GK versus control respectively; all P < 0.05). These abnormalities in GK hearts were reversed with acute addition of insulin (0.01 i. u./ml) to the perfusion buffer. CONCLUSION: The GK model of @entity2175 a mild @entity296 evident as exaggerated @entity67 during @entity519 . The mechanism is likely to involve @entity942 . Experimental study of cardiac function in the @entity6 heart has focussed mostly on models of @entity1723 . We studied cardiac function in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) @entity35 , an inbred model of spontaneous non-obese, @entity2175 .

title: Cardiac dysfunction in the Goto-Kakizaki @entity35 . A model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes displays', 'Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['substrate deficiency']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes mellitus']


abstract: METHODS: Both isolated perfused hearts and isolated ventricular myocytes from GK and matched control @entity35 @entity35 hearts were studied. Percent myocyte twitch shortening (%TS) and corresponding intracellular @entity460 transients (indo-1 fluorescence ratio, R) were measured over a range of stimulation frequencies (0.5-2.5 Hz; 32 degrees C, n = 16-24 cells). In isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts, we measured systolic LV pressure (LVP(max)), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (LV dP/dt(max)) and fall (LV dP/dt(min)) and isovolumic LV relaxation (exponential time constant, T) both at baseline and during brief (10 minutes) @entity519 . RESULTS: The %TS and corresponding indo-1 R were similar between GK and control myocytes at all stimulation frequencies (e.g. at 2.5 Hz: % TS = 8.6 +/- 0.77 and 8.2 +/- 0.19; R = 0.19 +/- 0.009 and 0.18 +/- 0.018, GK and control respectively, P = NS). Similarly, there were no significant differences in baseline LVP(max) (129 +/- 6.2 and 135 +/- 9.6 mmHg; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(max) (3169.5 +/- 165.80 and 3390.6 +/- 232.60 mmHg/s; GK and control respectively, P = NS), LV dP/dt(min) or T (24 +/- 0.7 and 25 +/- 0.6 ms, GK and control respectively, P = NS). During 10 min @entity519 , LV dP/dt(max) decreased significantly more, and LVEDP and T increased significantly more, in GK compared to control hearts (LV dP/dt(max): 668.90 +/- 32.8 versus 1027.10 +/- 84.0 mmHg/s; LVEDP: 21.4 +/- 4.3 versus 11.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg; T: 102 +/- 13.8 versus 56 +/- 3.0 ms; GK versus control respectively; all P < 0.05). These abnormalities in GK hearts were reversed with acute addition of insulin (0.01 i. u./ml) to the perfusion buffer. CONCLUSION: The GK model of @entity2175 a mild @entity296 evident as exaggerated @entity67 during @entity519 . The mechanism is likely to involve @entity942 . Experimental study of cardiac function in the @entity6 heart has focussed mostly on models of @entity1723 . We studied cardiac function in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) @entity35 , an inbred model of spontaneous non-obese, @entity2175 .

title: Cardiac dysfunction in the Goto-Kakizaki XXXX . A model of @entity6 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity281 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity310 ( @entity310 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity1 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity14282 , @entity1421 and @entity310 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity310 and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity310 and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity310 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity2522 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity2522 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity1 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity2520 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via @entity14951 , @entity1421 and XXXX levels in saliva.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D3']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity281 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity310 ( @entity310 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity1 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity14282 , @entity1421 and @entity310 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity310 and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity310 and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity310 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity2522 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity2522 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity1 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity2520 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via @entity14951 , XXXX and @entity310 levels in saliva.

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity281 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity310 ( @entity310 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity1 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity14282 , @entity1421 and @entity310 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity310 and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity310 and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity310 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity2522 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity2522 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity1 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity2520 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via XXXX , @entity1421 and @entity310 levels in saliva.

answer: @entity14951 :: (MESH:D002112,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Influenza pandemics can severely impact @entity1 health and society. Understanding public perception and behavior toward @entity683 pandemics is important for minimizing the effects of such events. Public perception and behavior are expected to change over the course of an @entity683 pandemic, but this idea has received little attention in previous studies. Our study aimed to understand the dynamics of public perception and behavior over the course of the 2009 H1N1 @entity683 pandemic. Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys were administered among Beijing residents with random-digit dialing techniques in March 2008 and August and November 2009. Effective samples of 507, 508 and 1006 respondents were interviewed in each of the three surveys, respectively. The mean scores of risk perception were low to moderate across the three surveys. The perceived risk of @entity281 of self was significantly lower than that of the community, revealing an optimistic bias. Longitudinally, the perceived risk of contracting H1N1 increased, whereas the perceived risk of being unable to obtain medicine and medical care once @entity683 permeated the community first increased and then decreased. Responsive actions toward @entity683 varied. Most respondents took actions that required little extra effort, such as ventilating rooms; these actions did not change over time. Comparatively, a smaller number of respondents took actions for coping with @entity683 , such as vaccination; however, these actions were taken by an increasing number of respondents over time. The association between risk perception and behavior was unstable. Positive, insignificant, and negative associations were obtained in the three surveys. In conclusion, the evolving patterns of risk perception and responsive behavior over the course of an @entity683 pandemic are sensitive to how risk and behavior are defined and scoped.

title: XXXX at Risk of Influenza Pandemics: The Evolution of Perception and Behavior.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity542 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity1 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity542 -related @entity204 among @entity1 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity1 @entity204 , 203 @entity542 -related @entity204 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity174 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity174 . Furthermore, skull @entity174 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity174 in 64 cases. @entity5861 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity5861 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity204 among unnatural @entity204 in @entity1 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity204 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity204 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity1 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity130 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity1 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity1 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: XXXX -Related Deaths Among Preschool @entity1 in Istanbul, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head trauma', 'head trauma']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal hemorrhage', 'retinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity542 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity1 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity542 -related @entity204 among @entity1 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity1 @entity204 , 203 @entity542 -related @entity204 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity174 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity174 . Furthermore, skull @entity174 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity174 in 64 cases. @entity5861 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity5861 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity204 among unnatural @entity204 in @entity1 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity204 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity204 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity1 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity130 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity1 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity1 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: @entity542 -Related Deaths Among Preschool @entity1 in Istanbul, XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity542 takes place among the leading causes of mortality in @entity1 . This study aimed to determine the risk factors of @entity542 -related @entity204 among @entity1 younger than 5 years in Istanbul, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using the records of the Morgue Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine in Istanbul. The records of cases autopsied between 2008 and 2012 were retrospectively investigated. Of all preschool @entity1 @entity204 , 203 @entity542 -related @entity204 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of all, 117 (57.6%) were males and 86 (42.4%) were females. Most cases (107, 52.70%) were between the ages of 12 and 36 months. The most common mechanism of injury was "fall from a height" with 97 cases (47.78%), followed by "traffic accidents" (67, 33%) and "hit by falling objects" (19, 9.35%). Skull @entity174 was detected in 176 cases (86.69%), of which 81 (46.02%) were characterized with linear @entity174 . Furthermore, skull @entity174 was accompanied by 1 or more skeletal bone @entity174 in 64 cases. @entity5861 was investigated in 5 cases of suspected physical abuse and only 2 of them showed @entity5861 findings. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained findings revealed that fall from a height was the leading cause of @entity204 among unnatural @entity204 in @entity1 younger than 5 years. Domestic accident was found to be a significant risk factor in childhood @entity204 . Traffic fatalities were among leading causes of @entity204 in childhood in our country, likewise in all around the world. @entity1 were found to be more vulnerable to @entity130 when they start to move around with incomplete motor skills. Therefore, education of parents in terms of @entity1 supervision and installing safety precautions toward preschool @entity1 will be helpful in preventing such injuries. On the contrary to some findings in the literature, more severe lesions were also prominent even in case of short-range falls from a height.

title: @entity542 -Related Deaths Among Preschool XXXX in Istanbul, @entity233 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity4593 in Europe is estimated at one case per 100,000 @entity1 /year. Despite the low incidence of @entity3069 infection, it can result in a nodular lesion simulating @entity2 . We report a case of @entity4593 , mimicking @entity2 , which led to a lobectomy. CASE REPORT: It was a right pulmonary upper lobe nodule found in a 63-year-old @entity1030 @entity1 , partially nephrectomized for @entity703 , and weekly treated by @entity1499 for @entity309 . FDG uptake was weakly positive on PET-CT (SUV=2.2) in the upper fissure. Bronchoscopy yielded no lesions and no bacteriological findings. Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy revealed @entity2220 stage T1 (a) N0M0. An upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed @entity738 surrounded by giant cells suggestive of @entity6551 . The bronchial washing fluid culture was positive for @entity3069 after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In pseudo-neoplastic forms of @entity4593 , the presence of alveolar, inflammatory cytonuclear abnormalities can mimic an @entity420 . Making the difference between the cytonuclears defects related to @entity32 remains a daily challenge in histopathology.

title: [ @entity3069 tumoral infection mimicking a XXXX : A potential diagnostic pitfall].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation or neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mycobacterial infection', 'atypical mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity4593 in Europe is estimated at one case per 100,000 @entity1 /year. Despite the low incidence of @entity3069 infection, it can result in a nodular lesion simulating @entity2 . We report a case of @entity4593 , mimicking @entity2 , which led to a lobectomy. CASE REPORT: It was a right pulmonary upper lobe nodule found in a 63-year-old @entity1030 @entity1 , partially nephrectomized for @entity703 , and weekly treated by @entity1499 for @entity309 . FDG uptake was weakly positive on PET-CT (SUV=2.2) in the upper fissure. Bronchoscopy yielded no lesions and no bacteriological findings. Percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy revealed @entity2220 stage T1 (a) N0M0. An upper lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed @entity738 surrounded by giant cells suggestive of @entity6551 . The bronchial washing fluid culture was positive for @entity3069 after 7 weeks. CONCLUSION: In pseudo-neoplastic forms of @entity4593 , the presence of alveolar, inflammatory cytonuclear abnormalities can mimic an @entity420 . Making the difference between the cytonuclears defects related to @entity32 remains a daily challenge in histopathology.

title: [ XXXX tumoral infection mimicking a @entity2220 : A potential diagnostic pitfall].

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: AIM: To point out the morphologic, clinic and therapeutic aspects of @entity788 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: 34 @entity788 (21 males and 13 females, aged between 21 and 68 years), admitted in the last 15 years were analyzed. They were true cysts in 3 cases (9.9%) and @entity9007 in 31 cases (91.1%), located on the head of the pancreas in 8 cases, on the body in 19, on the tail in 6 and on the body and tail in 1 case. We noticed in the past medical history of the @entity1 with @entity9007 a recent acute @entity788 attack (26 cases), chronic @entity788 (4 cases) or a recent abdominal trauma (1 case). The delay between the acute @entity788 attack and the onset of the pseudocyst varied between 18 days and 2 months. The diagnosis was established by clinical picture (Shefer-Silvis triad), laboratory findings and imaging tests (barium meals, ultrasound test and/or CT test). Thirty cases (27 @entity9007 and 3 true @entity5 ) were operated on: the main surgical procedures were cystogastrostomy (12 cases), cystojejunostomy (6 cases) or cystoduodenostomy (3 cases); we also performed distal pancreatectomy (3 cases), laparostomy or external drainage in 5 cases. RESULTS: We registered 1 death (mortality rate of 3.3%), 2 pancreatic fistulae, 1 @entity788 and 2 recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The pseudocyst, as an evolutionary complication of acute or chronic @entity788 , is the most frequent @entity5 , true @entity45 being extremely rare. 2. The diagnosis is established by clinical pictures, laboratory findings and imaging tests. 3. The treatment is surgical, cystogastrostomy or cystojejunostomy being the main surgical procedures.

title: XXXX of the pancreas. Considerations upon 34 operated cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic tumors', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumor of the pancreas', 'cystic tumors']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cystic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify morbidity and mortality in newborns with @entity154 of the anterior abdominal wall. DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative, and retrospective study. @entity1 : Thirty nine @entity1 with @entity6675 and 26 @entity1 with omphalocele. RESULTS: Median size of the defect in the @entity6675 group was 4 cm. @entity1 underwent primary closure en 41% of cases. Post-surgical morbidity occurred in 74% of @entity1 with @entity295 the main complication in 61.5%. A total of 16.2% died mainly due to @entity810 and @entity295 . In the omphalocele group, median size of defect was 5.5 cm. Primary closure was done in 65% of @entity1 . Complications occurred in 65% of newborns, @entity295 was the most frequent complication (46%). Mortality rate was 16.6% related to @entity810 and @entity1455 . CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of morbidity in the two groups were @entity281 and @entity810 . Mortality rate was similar to that reported in the world literature for @entity6675 and slightly lower for omphalocele.

title: [Morbidity and mortality in newborns with omphalocele and XXXX anterior abdominal wall defects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: @entity1 with endoscopically documented duodenal @entity1066 participated in a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing placebo with @entity396 100 micrograms administered q.i.d. for up to four weeks in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . Ulcers were examined endoscopically at two weeks and, if not healed, again at four weeks. @entity1443 was permitted for @entity158 relief. At four weeks, of 286 @entity1 admitted to the study, the cumulative healing rate for the 227 evaluable @entity1 was 64.9% for @entity396 and 47.4% for placebo (P = 0.008). @entity396 was also significantly superior to placebo in promoting @entity1066 when all @entity1 entering the study (intent-to-treat cohort) were compared (P = 0.018), and in a modified intent-to-treat cohort consisting of all @entity1 whose final endoscopic results were known (P = 0.005). @entity1066 symptoms were similar in both treatment groups, and most @entity1 in both groups were @entity158 free at the end of the first two weeks of treatment. @entity294 was the most frequently reported adverse experience (8.5% for @entity396 and 3.5% for placebo). This symptom was mild and self-limiting in spite of continued use of @entity396 . We conclude that @entity396 100 micrograms q.i.d. for four weeks is safe and effective in the healing of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: @entity396 in the treatment of duodenal XXXX . A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: @entity1 with endoscopically documented duodenal @entity1066 participated in a double-blind, multicenter trial comparing placebo with @entity396 100 micrograms administered q.i.d. for up to four weeks in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . Ulcers were examined endoscopically at two weeks and, if not healed, again at four weeks. @entity1443 was permitted for @entity158 relief. At four weeks, of 286 @entity1 admitted to the study, the cumulative healing rate for the 227 evaluable @entity1 was 64.9% for @entity396 and 47.4% for placebo (P = 0.008). @entity396 was also significantly superior to placebo in promoting @entity1066 when all @entity1 entering the study (intent-to-treat cohort) were compared (P = 0.018), and in a modified intent-to-treat cohort consisting of all @entity1 whose final endoscopic results were known (P = 0.005). @entity1066 symptoms were similar in both treatment groups, and most @entity1 in both groups were @entity158 free at the end of the first two weeks of treatment. @entity294 was the most frequently reported adverse experience (8.5% for @entity396 and 3.5% for placebo). This symptom was mild and self-limiting in spite of continued use of @entity396 . We conclude that @entity396 100 micrograms q.i.d. for four weeks is safe and effective in the healing of duodenal @entity1066 .

title: XXXX in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['Misoprostol']


abstract: The developmental potential of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) holds great promise to provide a source of @entity1 hepatocytes for use in drug discovery, toxicology, @entity99 research, and extracorporeal bioartificial liver support. There are, however, limitations to induce fully functional hepatocytes on conventional two-dimensional (2D) static culture. It had been shown that dynamic three-dimensional (3D) perfusion culture is superior to induce maturation in fetal hepatocytes and prolong hepatic functions of primary adult hepatocytes. We investigated the potential of using a four-compartment 3D perfusion culture to induce hepatic differentiation in hESC. Undifferentiated hESC were inoculated into hollow fiber-based 3D perfusion bioreactors with integral oxygenation. Hepatic differentiation was induced with a multistep growth factor cocktail protocol. Parallel controls were operated under equal perfusion conditions without the growth factor supplementations to allow for spontaneous differentiation, as well as in conventional 2D static conditions using growth factors. Metabolism, hepatocyte-specific gene expression, protein expression, and hepatic function were evaluated after 20 days. Significantly upregulated hepatic gene expression was observed in the hepatic differentiation 3D culture group. Ammonia metabolism activity and albumin production was observed in the 3D directed differentiation culture. Drug-induced @entity12325 gene expression was increased with @entity1215 induction. Using flow cytometry analysis the mature hepatocyte marker asialoglycoprotein receptor was found on up to 30% of the cells in the 3D system with directed hepatic differentiation. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed @entity99 and biliary marker-positive cells. In contrast to 2D culture, the 3D perfusion culture induced more functional maturation in hESC-derived hepatic cells. 3D perfusion bioreactor technologies may be useful for further studies on generating hESC-derived hepatic cells.

title: Hepatic differentiation of XXXX embryonic stem cells is promoted by three-dimensional dynamic perfusion culture conditions.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['structural formation of hepatic', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cardiac, thyroid and pulmonary function were evaluated in 25 @entity1 aged 35 years or under, treated for @entity978 by mantle radiotherapy 5-16 years previously. No @entity1 had symptoms of @entity299 . Although thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was normal in all @entity1 , @entity296 were detected in 6 (24%) @entity1 using gated equilibrium rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was abnormal in 1 @entity1 , and in 3 @entity1 there was an abnormal LVEF response to exercise. All 6 @entity1 had @entity1001 . @entity2845 was present in 4 of these @entity1 . A small asymptomatic pericardial effusion was detected by M-Mode echocardiography in only 2 (8%) @entity1 . Twenty-three (92%) @entity1 had evidence of @entity1374 . Two (8%) @entity1 had become clinically @entity1375 . Serum TSH was elevated in 13 (52%) @entity1 and TRH stimulation test was abnormal in a further 10 (40%) @entity1 in whom TSH was normal. Pulmonary function studies showed a moderate decrease in diffusing capacity (72% of predicted) and a minor reduction in lung volume. Although a high incidence of @entity299 was detected, only the 2 @entity1 who had become @entity1375 were symptomatic. Modification of the irradiation technique may reduce the incidence of @entity299 , but is unlikely to alter significantly the thyroid or pulmonary sequelae.

title: Late cardiac, thyroid, and pulmonary sequelae of mantle radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['Apical hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac, thyroid and pulmonary abnormalities', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal thyroid function']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Research was carried out on various aspects of @entity2319 in a West African population. A national survey of childhood @entity2319 was completed to discover the incidence and causes of severe to profound @entity393 in The Republic of the Gambia. A large school screening campaign was conducted to determine the prevalence of @entity2172 in Gambian @entity1 . Smaller studies concerned the @entity393 among @entity693 @entity1 ; the disease pattern of audiology clinic @entity1 in both urban and rural areas; the degree of @entity393 associated with @entity2346 media and the @entity2462 serology of a group of Gambian @entity1 and @entity1 . It was found that @entity693 was a major @entity66 causing @entity2319 . @entity2462 and measles, often causes of @entity2319 in other tropical countries, did not seem to be of such importance in The Gambia. Familial factors also accounted for little of the childhood @entity2319 as far as it was possible to tell. Chronic @entity2172 could give rise to considerable @entity393 but rarely led to the dangerous complications often seen in other tropical communities. Effective medical and audiological services for the deaf are difficult to implement in developing countries. A primarily preventive approach may prove to be the most rational way of helping the deaf in The Gambia.

title: A study of XXXX in West Africa: the Gambian Hearing Health Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infections', 'middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['identifiable disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['post-meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2462 :: ('MESH:D012409', 'Disease') :: ['Rubella', 'rubella']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: A formulation of 2% @entity9992 (CS) ophthalmic solution without the preservative, @entity27179 , was compared with placebo in 58 @entity1 with @entity56 . Selection was based on history and positive skin tests. Neither immunotherapy nor use of antihistamines was allowed. This study was double-blinded and stratified by RAST scores to assure comparable groups. Either CS or placebo was used six times daily. @entity1 were observed weekly for 5 weeks during the peak of the fall weed-pollen exposure. Nasal symptoms were treated as required with @entity2715 nasal spray, and uncontrolled ocular symptoms were treated with @entity7232 and @entity6358 solution. Nasal and ocular symptoms were recorded. There was a significant @entity2194 in the group receiving CS ophthalmic solution (p less than 0.02) during weeks 2, 4, and 5. There was a trend for nasal symptoms and the requirement for nasal @entity2715 to be less in @entity1 receiving CS.

title: Cromolyn sodium in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['suppression of eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity27179 :: ('MESH:D010626', 'Chemical') :: ['2-phenylethanol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['cromolyn sodium']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic conjunctivitis']


abstract: AIMS: This study was designed to isolate and characterize the @entity880 microbiota of the musts and wines of a young denomination of origin area, Ribeira Sacra in north-west Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Over three consecutive years (2007, 2008 and 2009), we examined musts and wines from four cellars in different zones of the region. Through biochemical and genetic tests, 459 isolates of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) were identified as the following species: @entity1336 alvei (0  7%), @entity3869 (1  7%), @entity1336 frumenti (0  9%), @entity1336 kunkeei (12%), @entity1336 (6  5%), @entity4414 (0  9%), @entity7878 ssp. lactis (3%), @entity41338 (0  7%), @entity14921 fructosum (synon. @entity1336 fructosum) (3  7%), @entity14921 ssp. mesenteroides (2  8%), @entity14921 pseudomesenteroides (0  2%), @entity26412 (59%), Pediococcus parvulus (7%) and Weisella paramesenteroides (synon. @entity14921 paramesenteroides) (0  9%). Of these species, @entity26412 was the main one responsible for malolactic fermentation (MLF) in all cellars and years with the exception of Lact. plantarum, predominant in 2007, in one cellar, and Lact. brevis, Lact. frumenti and Ped. parvulus coexisting with @entity26412 in one cellar in 2009. Different strains (84) of LAB species (14) were identified by biochemical techniques (API strips, the presence of plasmids, enzyme activities and MLF performance) and molecular techniques (PCR). All assays were carried out with every one of the 459 isolates. To select candidates for use as culture starters, we assessed malolactic, b-glucosidase and tannase activities, the presence of genes involved in biogenic @entity6115 production and plasmid content. CONCLUSIONS: A high diversity of LAB is present in the grape musts of Ribeira Sacra but few species are responsible for MLF; however, different strains of such species are involved in the process. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of Lact. frumenti thriving in wine. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Information on LAB populations in must and wine is presented. A large collection of well-characterized strains of LAB are available as starter cultures to winemakers.

title: Characterization of XXXX bacteria from musts and wines of three consecutive vintages of Ribeira Sacra.

entities_list: @entity41338 :: ('33964', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc citreum']

entities_list: @entity26412 :: ('1247', 'Species') :: ['Oenococcus oeni', 'O. oeni']

entities_list: @entity3869 :: ('1580', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus brevis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

entities_list: @entity4414 :: ('1589', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus pentosus']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc', 'Leuconostoc mesenteroides']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is intended to contribute to a determination of the sensitivity of preserved hypophyseal function to focal radiation in @entity977 . METHODS: We compared two subgroups of @entity1 followed up for a median of 5 years after gamma knife surgery (GKS). Subgroup 1 (n = 30) showed @entity4614 . Subgroup 2 (n = 33) was continually eupituitary. These subgroups were taken from a previously published study relating to a larger group of 163 @entity1 with @entity977 treated by GKS and evaluated after a median follow-up period of 2 years. A relatively high treatment dose was used in this larger group (median, 20 Gy to the @entity5 margin for growth control in nonfunctioning @entity652 ; median, 35 Gy for hypersecreting @entity652 ). Early results approached those of microsurgery, and there were only a few side effects. In the present study, we compared 16 different variables in the same two subgroups to discover the relationships that caused a delayed appearance of @entity4614 . The main pretreatment and treatment parameters were measured on reconstructed treatment plans. This database was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: The relationship between the mean dose and the volume of functioning hypophysis was stronger in terms of worsening of pituitary function than that of the spot dose to different intrasellar structures. We found that for our group of @entity1 , the safe mean dose of radiation to the hypophysis was 15 Gy for gonadotropic and thyrotropic functions and 18 Gy for adrenocorticotropic function. The worsening of pituitary function was also significantly dependent on the dose to different anatomic levels of the infundibulum, but we did not succeed in fully characterizing this relationship. In addition, we discovered significant levels of dependency of postirradiation pituitary damage to different pretreatment and treatment variables. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the radiation tolerance of functioning pituitary structures subjected to GKS can ensure better preservation of pituitary function after irradiation. This is valid for the group of @entity1 we studied. Our study's findings can be used as a guideline for GKS treatment of new @entity1 with @entity977 , and it can serve for comparison with the experience of other gamma knife centers.

title: Radiation tolerance of functioning pituitary tissue in gamma knife surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['postirradiation hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developing countries, @entity109 is commonly used but its use in Europe and the USA has decreased due to concerns over adverse effects. @entity2049 is recommended as the drug of choice for partial onset @entity410 , and there is concern that it may worsen some generalized onset @entity410 types. We report a review using individual @entity1 data in which @entity2049 and @entity109 are compared. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of @entity2049 compared to @entity109 monotherapy for @entity1 with partial onset @entity410 or generalized onset @entity410 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled trials register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2002); MEDLINE; EMBASE; handsearching; contacting experts and original trial investigators; contacting manufacturers of @entity2049 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized, blinded or unblinded controlled trials in @entity1 or adults with partial onset @entity410 or generalized onset @entity410 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Outcome measures were (i) time to withdrawal of allocated treatment, (ii) time to 12 month remission, and (iii) time to first @entity410 . Data were analysed using a stratified logrank analysis with results expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where a HR>1 indicates an event is more likely on @entity109 . A test for interaction between treatment and @entity410 type (partial versus generalized onset) was also undertaken. MAIN RESULTS: Data are available for 684 @entity1 from four trials, representing 59% of the @entity1 recruited into the nine trials that met our inclusion criteria. The main overall results (HR 95% CI) adjusted for @entity410 type were, (i) time to withdrawal 1.63(1.23 to 2.15), (ii) time to 12 month remission 0.87(0.65 to 1.17), (iii) time to first @entity410 0.85(0.68 to 1.05). The review suggests that time to withdrawal is significantly improved with @entity2049 compared to @entity109 . No overall difference between drugs is identified for the outcomes 'time to 12 month remission' and 'time to first @entity410 '. Statistical heterogeneity was not encountered. An interaction between treatment and @entity410 type, confirmed statistically, was identified for time to first @entity410 , where @entity109 was favoured for partial onset @entity410 and @entity2049 for generalized onset @entity410 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: We found no overall difference between @entity2049 and @entity109 for time to 12 month remission or time to first @entity410 , however, subgroup analyses for time to first @entity410 suggest an advantage with @entity109 for partial onset @entity410 and a clinical advantage with @entity2049 for generalized onset @entity410 . @entity109 is significantly more likely to be withdrawn, indicating that it is less well tolerated than @entity2049 .

title: XXXX versus @entity109 monotherapy for epilepsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone', 'Phenobarbitone']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['Carbamazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developing countries, @entity109 is commonly used but its use in Europe and the USA has decreased due to concerns over adverse effects. @entity2049 is recommended as the drug of choice for partial onset @entity410 , and there is concern that it may worsen some generalized onset @entity410 types. We report a review using individual @entity1 data in which @entity2049 and @entity109 are compared. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of @entity2049 compared to @entity109 monotherapy for @entity1 with partial onset @entity410 or generalized onset @entity410 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled trials register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2002); MEDLINE; EMBASE; handsearching; contacting experts and original trial investigators; contacting manufacturers of @entity2049 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized, blinded or unblinded controlled trials in @entity1 or adults with partial onset @entity410 or generalized onset @entity410 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Outcome measures were (i) time to withdrawal of allocated treatment, (ii) time to 12 month remission, and (iii) time to first @entity410 . Data were analysed using a stratified logrank analysis with results expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where a HR>1 indicates an event is more likely on @entity109 . A test for interaction between treatment and @entity410 type (partial versus generalized onset) was also undertaken. MAIN RESULTS: Data are available for 684 @entity1 from four trials, representing 59% of the @entity1 recruited into the nine trials that met our inclusion criteria. The main overall results (HR 95% CI) adjusted for @entity410 type were, (i) time to withdrawal 1.63(1.23 to 2.15), (ii) time to 12 month remission 0.87(0.65 to 1.17), (iii) time to first @entity410 0.85(0.68 to 1.05). The review suggests that time to withdrawal is significantly improved with @entity2049 compared to @entity109 . No overall difference between drugs is identified for the outcomes 'time to 12 month remission' and 'time to first @entity410 '. Statistical heterogeneity was not encountered. An interaction between treatment and @entity410 type, confirmed statistically, was identified for time to first @entity410 , where @entity109 was favoured for partial onset @entity410 and @entity2049 for generalized onset @entity410 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: We found no overall difference between @entity2049 and @entity109 for time to 12 month remission or time to first @entity410 , however, subgroup analyses for time to first @entity410 suggest an advantage with @entity109 for partial onset @entity410 and a clinical advantage with @entity2049 for generalized onset @entity410 . @entity109 is significantly more likely to be withdrawn, indicating that it is less well tolerated than @entity2049 .

title: @entity2049 versus XXXX monotherapy for epilepsy.

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbitone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity1 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity1 with @entity454 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity298 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or quasi- @entity23 comparing @entity298 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity23 or quasi- @entity23 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity298 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity23 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: XXXX ( @entity298 ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity454 in adults.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity1 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity1 with @entity454 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity298 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or quasi- @entity23 comparing @entity298 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity23 or quasi- @entity23 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity298 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity23 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: @entity298 ( XXXX ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity454 in adults.

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['CAPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity1 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity1 with @entity454 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity298 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or quasi- @entity23 comparing @entity298 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity23 or quasi- @entity23 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity298 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity23 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We explored whether there are gender differences in cardiac remodeling and whether etiology influences organ and cellular remodeling in advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a survival benefit for @entity1 compared to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 . This observation may be related to gender differences in cardiac remodeling. METHODS: We studied hearts from 100 @entity1 (72 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) receiving cardiac transplantation at our institution. Cardiac morphology was assessed with echocardiography and direct measurement of cardiac mass. Cardiac myocyte volume, length, width, cross-sectional area, and contraction were measured using previously validated techniques. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), we observed no gender-based differences in cardiac or cellular remodeling. In contrast, among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), the heart weight index was significantly greater in @entity1 , and there was a strong trend toward an increased left ventricular (LV) mass index as well. These gender differences in cardiac and LV mass were paralleled by marked gender differences in myocyte volume, such that average myocyte volume was 36% greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 , in association with a 14% increase in resting cell length. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate a multilevel gender difference in post- @entity1188 remodeling, with @entity1 exhibiting @entity1184 . Our studies further demonstrate that gender differences in cardiac remodeling in @entity296 are largely related to fundamental differences in cellular remodeling rather than simply differences in @entity1188 size or expansion. Distinctions observed between @entity63 and idiopathic @entity296 suggest that gender may influence local myocardial responses to injury.

title: Gender differences in post- XXXX @entity1184 in end-stage failing hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cardiomyopathy', 'CM', 'ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['reduced hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We explored whether there are gender differences in cardiac remodeling and whether etiology influences organ and cellular remodeling in advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a survival benefit for @entity1 compared to @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 . This observation may be related to gender differences in cardiac remodeling. METHODS: We studied hearts from 100 @entity1 (72 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 ) receiving cardiac transplantation at our institution. Cardiac morphology was assessed with echocardiography and direct measurement of cardiac mass. Cardiac myocyte volume, length, width, cross-sectional area, and contraction were measured using previously validated techniques. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), we observed no gender-based differences in cardiac or cellular remodeling. In contrast, among 50 @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ), the heart weight index was significantly greater in @entity1 , and there was a strong trend toward an increased left ventricular (LV) mass index as well. These gender differences in cardiac and LV mass were paralleled by marked gender differences in myocyte volume, such that average myocyte volume was 36% greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 , in association with a 14% increase in resting cell length. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate a multilevel gender difference in post- @entity1188 remodeling, with @entity1 exhibiting @entity1184 . Our studies further demonstrate that gender differences in cardiac remodeling in @entity296 are largely related to fundamental differences in cellular remodeling rather than simply differences in @entity1188 size or expansion. Distinctions observed between @entity63 and idiopathic @entity296 suggest that gender may influence local myocardial responses to injury.

title: Gender differences in post- @entity1188 XXXX in end-stage failing hearts.

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies using transcript and metabolite profiles of wild-type and gene deletion mutants revealed that photorespiratory pathways are essential for the growth of @entity324 under atmospheric conditions. Pool size changes of primary metabolites, such as @entity2228 and @entity25104 , indicated a link to photorespiration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity7352 labelling kinetics of primary metabolites were analysed in photoautotrophically grown cultures of @entity324 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to demonstrate the link with photorespiration. Cells pre-acclimated to high @entity515 (5%, HC) or limited @entity515 (0.035%, LC) conditions were pulse-labelled under very high (2% w/w) @entity7352 - @entity5993 (VHC) conditions followed by treatment with ambient @entity41202 at HC and LC conditions, respectively. The @entity7352 enrichment, relative changes in pool size, and @entity7352 flux of selected metabolites were evaluated. We demonstrate two major paths of @entity515 assimilation via Rubisco in @entity324 , i.e., from 3PGA via @entity7955 to @entity492 , @entity5910 and @entity1792 or, to a lesser extent, from 3PGA via @entity3776 to @entity969 . The results reveal evidence of @entity505 channelling from 3PGA to the PEP pool. Furthermore, @entity7352 labelling of glycolate was observed under conditions thought to suppress photorespiration. Using the glycolate-accumulating /\glcD1 mutant, we demonstrate enhanced @entity7352 partitioning into the glycolate pool under conditions favouring photorespiration and enhanced @entity7352 partitioning into the @entity2228 pool of the @entity2228 -accumulating /\gcvT mutant. Under LC conditions, the photorespiratory mutants /\glcD1 and /\gcvT showed enhanced activity of the additional @entity505 -fixing PEP carboxylase pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: With our approach of non-steady-state @entity7352 labelling and analysis of metabolite pool sizes with respective @entity7352 enrichments, we identify the use and modulation of major pathways of @entity505 assimilation in @entity324 in the presence of high and low inorganic @entity505 supplies.

title: Modulation of the major paths of @entity505 in photorespiratory mutants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity324 :: ('1148', 'Species') :: ['Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803', 'Synechocystis']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity324 :: (1148,Species) :: ['synechocystis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies using transcript and metabolite profiles of wild-type and gene deletion mutants revealed that photorespiratory pathways are essential for the growth of @entity324 under atmospheric conditions. Pool size changes of primary metabolites, such as @entity2228 and @entity25104 , indicated a link to photorespiration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity7352 labelling kinetics of primary metabolites were analysed in photoautotrophically grown cultures of @entity324 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to demonstrate the link with photorespiration. Cells pre-acclimated to high @entity515 (5%, HC) or limited @entity515 (0.035%, LC) conditions were pulse-labelled under very high (2% w/w) @entity7352 - @entity5993 (VHC) conditions followed by treatment with ambient @entity41202 at HC and LC conditions, respectively. The @entity7352 enrichment, relative changes in pool size, and @entity7352 flux of selected metabolites were evaluated. We demonstrate two major paths of @entity515 assimilation via Rubisco in @entity324 , i.e., from 3PGA via @entity7955 to @entity492 , @entity5910 and @entity1792 or, to a lesser extent, from 3PGA via @entity3776 to @entity969 . The results reveal evidence of @entity505 channelling from 3PGA to the PEP pool. Furthermore, @entity7352 labelling of glycolate was observed under conditions thought to suppress photorespiration. Using the glycolate-accumulating /\glcD1 mutant, we demonstrate enhanced @entity7352 partitioning into the glycolate pool under conditions favouring photorespiration and enhanced @entity7352 partitioning into the @entity2228 pool of the @entity2228 -accumulating /\gcvT mutant. Under LC conditions, the photorespiratory mutants /\glcD1 and /\gcvT showed enhanced activity of the additional @entity505 -fixing PEP carboxylase pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: With our approach of non-steady-state @entity7352 labelling and analysis of metabolite pool sizes with respective @entity7352 enrichments, we identify the use and modulation of major pathways of @entity505 assimilation in @entity324 in the presence of high and low inorganic @entity505 supplies.

title: Modulation of the major paths of XXXX in photorespiratory mutants of @entity324 .

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: The numbers of GABAergic neurons as determined by GAD immunocytochemistry and total neurons as determined from Nissl preparations were counted and classified at the light microscopic level in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the @entity74 -prone @entity35 (GEPR) and the non-epileptic Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain of @entity35 . GAD-positive neurons are abundant in the IC in all 3 subdivisions. Several sizes of multipolar neurons as well as medium-sized bipolar or fusiform neurons are GAD-positive. GAD-positive punctate structures that were interpreted to be axon terminals and transversely-sectioned dendrites and preterminal axons are abundant in the IC of both the GEPR and SD. A dramatic increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons occurs in the GEPR as compared to the SD. This increase is most evident in the middle of the rostrocaudal extent of the IC. Although the increase is statistically significant in all subdivisions of the IC, it is most pronounced in the central nucleus, especially the ventral lateral portion. Within the central nucleus, the increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons is due to a selective increase in the small (200%) and medium (90%) cell body size populations (10-15 micron and 15-25 micron in diameter, respectively). Concomitant with this increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons, an increase in total numbers of neurons occurs as determined from Nissl preparations. A 100% increase in the number of small neurons and a 30% increase in the number of medium-sized neurons occur in the GEPR as compared to the SD @entity35 . The proportion of GAD-positive neurons to total neurons is also increased in the GEPR. Approximately 25% of the neurons in the IC in SD @entity35 are GAD-positive, while about 35% of the neurons in the GEPR are GAD-positive. These data demonstrate an anatomical difference in the IC of the GEPR as compared to the SD which appears to be preferential for the GABAergic system.

title: Increased numbers of GABAergic neurons occur in the inferior colliculus of an audiogenic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetically epilepsy']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic epilepsy']


abstract: In the oral cavity, @entity32 has been observed at various stages of oral @entity957 (OSCC). Such @entity32 could result from persistent mucosal or epithelial cell colonization by microorganisms. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of oral bacteria in @entity32 , warranting further studies on the association of bacteria with the progression of OSCC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the saliva of subjects with OSCC. Using 454 parallel DNA sequencing,    58,000 PCR amplicons that span the V4-V5 hypervariable region of rRNAs from five subjects were sequenced. Members of eight phyla (divisions) of bacteria were detected. The majority of classified sequences belonged to the phyla Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). Further, 52 different genera containing approximately 860 (16.51%) known species were identified and 1077 (67%) sequences belonging to various @entity7696 or unclassified groups. The species diversity estimates obtained with abundance-based coverage estimators and Chao1 were greater than published analyses of other microbial profiles from the oral cavity. Fifteen unique phylotypes were present in all three OSCC subjects.

title: Microbial diversity in saliva of oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7696 :: ('77133', 'Species') :: ['uncultured bacteria']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity0 mortality is frequently associated with @entity3 . @entity3 models have shown adrenoceptor (AR) stimulation induces cell migration which is inhibited by adrenoceptor antagonist drugs. We investigated adrenoceptor protein expression in clinical @entity0 and its association with disease progression and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays was used to characterise a1b, a2c and b(2)2 adrenoceptor protein expression in operable @entity0 . Associations with @entity5 -relevant biological markers and clinical outcome were statistically assessed. Strong a1b expression occurred in large high grade (P < 0.0001), @entity1722 + (P < 0.0001) or basal-like ( @entity4205 , P = 0.0005; @entity6881 , P = 0.0001; @entity470 , P = 0.003) @entity5 , showing increased proliferation ( @entity1758 , P = 0.002), decreased apoptosis ( @entity588 , P < 0.0001) and poor NPI membership (P = 0.001). a1b expression correlated with poor @entity5 -specific survival (LR = 7.628, P = 0.022) and @entity5 recurrence (LR = 6.128, P = 0.047). Strong a2c was over-expressed in high grade (P = 0.007), @entity7514 + (P = 0.002) and @entity12251 + (P < 0.0001) @entity5 with borderline increase in @entity470 , @entity876 and @entity1758 proteins, and inverse association with hormonal ( @entity7273 , P = 0.002) phenotype. In contrast, strong b(2) expression occurred in small-size, luminal-like (ER+, P < 0.001) @entity5 of low grade (P < 0.001) and lymph node stage (P = 0.027) that showed poor prognosis when hormonal treatment was withheld. Adrenoceptors were not found to be independent predictors of clinical outcome. Alpha1b and a2c AR is over-expressed in basal-like @entity0 of poor prognosis. Strong b(2) adrenoceptor expression is seen in @entity1 with a luminal (ER+) @entity5 phenotype and good prognosis, due to benefits derived from hormonal therapy. These findings suggest a possible role for targeted therapy using adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) protein expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia recurrence after surgical repair is a major concern. The authors report their experience with open and laparoscopic repair of recurrent @entity169 . METHODS: After institutional review board approval, a retrospective review was performed with the charts of 197 @entity1 who had undergone surgical repair of recurrent @entity169 from January 2000 through August 2009, and the data for 172 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Surgical variables and clinical outcomes were compared using Student's t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS: The review showed that 172 @entity1 had undergone either open mesh repair (n=61) or laparoscopic mesh repair (n=111) for recurrent @entity169 . @entity260 were experienced by 8 @entity1 in the open group and 17 @entity1 in laparoscopic group (p=0.70). Five @entity1 (8.2%) in the open group and four @entity1 (3.6%) in the laparoscopic group had re-recurrent @entity169 (p=0.28). Four @entity1 in the open group (9.5%) and no @entity1 in the laparoscopic group had recurrence during long-term follow-up evaluation (p=0.046). In the laparoscopic group, 76 @entity1 (68.5%) underwent total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair, and 35 @entity1 (31.5%) had transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair. @entity260 were experienced by 13 @entity1 in the TEP group and 4 @entity1 in the TAPP group (p=0.44). Two @entity1 (2.6%) in the TEP group and two @entity1 (5.7%) in the TAPP group had re-recurrent @entity169 (p=0.59). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review showed no statistical difference in the re-recurrence rate between the two techniques during short-term follow-up evaluation. However, the laparoscopic technique had a significantly lower re-recurrence rate than the open technique during long-term follow-up evaluation. Both procedures were comparable in terms of intra- and @entity260 . Among laparoscopic techniques, TEP and TAPP repair are acceptable methods for the repair of recurrent @entity169 . A multicenter prospective randomized control trial is needed to confirm the findings of this study.

title: A comparison of outcomes between open and laparoscopic surgical repair of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity994 , @entity5438 , @entity8755 and @entity876 on @entity982 -embedded tissue sections from 25 @entity1 who had surgically resected @entity706 . It was then correlated with the @entity1 ' clinical course in an attempt to determine the expression patterns and clinical significance of the CIP/KIP family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in primary intestinal large @entity1892 . @entity994 immunostaining was positive in 11 cases (44%) and @entity5438 was positive in 8 cases (32%). All cases were @entity8755 -negative. @entity876 immunostaining was positive in 14 cases (56%) and negative in 11 cases (44%). With respect to the relationship between @entity994 and @entity876 , seven cases were @entity876 +/ @entity994 -, seven cases were @entity876 +/ @entity994 +, seven cases were @entity876 -/p2l-, and four cases were @entity876 -/ @entity994 +. The expression patterns of @entity994 and @entity876 did not influence the @entity1 's clinical outcome. However, @entity5438 -positive cases had a much higher percentage of @entity1 sustaining a continuous complete remission state (8/8, 100%) as compared to @entity5438 -negative cases (10/17, 59%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.057). These results suggest that @entity5438 immunoreactivity may be associated with a better clinical outcome. However, further study with larger series are planned to determine the clinical significance of @entity5438 overexpression in primary intestinal large @entity1892 .

title: Expressions of the CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitor proteins in primary intestinal large XXXX : correlation with clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']