abstract: @entity2008 ( @entity2007 ) are among the most common known causes of @entity1032 and the leading cause of @entity393 in @entity1 . They primarily arise by the process of meiotic non-disjunction. We still know very little about the contribution of genetic and environmental causes for non-disjunction in @entity1 . In order to increase our understanding of the epidemiology of @entity1 trisomies, it is necessary to establish the proportion of cases occurring in the first or second division of meiosis. Trisomic @entity1 will display, in study of microsatellite typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), three fragment peaks of equal intensity, two fragments at an average 2:1 dosage or one individual fragment. In this work we describe a statistical approach for estimation of the fraction of meiosis I non-disjunctions (F) in the absence of the parental information. First we determine a probability model for the number of peaks in a polymorphic microsatellite locus, which is a function of F. Based on this model, we obtain a maximum likelihood estimator for F, using the observed proportion of one, two and three allele patterns in trisomic individuals. Relying on the properties of maximum likelihood theory, we also calculate the asymptotic variance and confidence intervals for F. Owing to the fact that the samples of trisomic @entity1 are limited in number, the use of asymptotic theory may be compromised. Thus, we employ the bootstrap technique to build confidence intervals for F and compare the results with those obtained from the normal theory. This estimator that dispenses the need to study parents opens the possibility of using archival material for comparative epidemiological studies of @entity1467 and other @entity2007 . In this paper we propose a probability model to estimate the fraction of meiosis I non-disjunction, F, by only using the proportion of allele patterns of trisomy individuals, while traditional methods require typing pericentromeric markers from those affected and their parents.

title: A probability model for the meiosis I non-disjunction fraction in numerical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Numerical chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal anomalies']


abstract: @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated @entity6758 and @entity319 receptor @entity669 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity1 @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity1 with advanced @entity5 of types known to overexpress @entity7 . To date, particularly in @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity7 -receptor inhibition. @entity137 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity2055 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity101 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity1 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity7 receptor XXXX kinase inhibitors: @entity17482 / @entity17482 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated @entity6758 and @entity319 receptor @entity669 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity1 @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity1 with advanced @entity5 of types known to overexpress @entity7 . To date, particularly in @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity7 -receptor inhibition. @entity137 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity2055 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity101 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity1 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: XXXX receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors: @entity17482 / @entity17482 .

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated @entity6758 and @entity319 receptor @entity669 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity1 @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity1 with advanced @entity5 of types known to overexpress @entity7 . To date, particularly in @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity7 -receptor inhibition. @entity137 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity2055 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity101 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity1 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity7 receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors: XXXX / @entity17482 .

answer: @entity17482 :: (MESH:C404768,Chemical) :: ['PTK787']


abstract: @entity17482 / @entity17482 (PTK/ZK) is an oral potent and selective inhibitor of the @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated @entity6758 and @entity319 receptor @entity669 kinases. PTK/ZK has been shown to reduce growth and microvasculature in subcutaneously implanted @entity1 @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 . A clinical difficulty in evaluating angiogenesis inhibitors has been the usefulness of conventional study endpoints. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been studied as a pharmacodynamic marker of efficacy of PTK/ZK. Phase I studies are under way evaluating the optimum dose and schedule of oral PTK/ZK administered continuously to @entity1 with advanced @entity5 of types known to overexpress @entity7 . To date, particularly in @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 treated with PTK/ZK, DCE-MRI has been a useful predictor of the biological response of @entity7 -receptor inhibition. @entity137 have been manageable and have included lightheadedness, @entity2055 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity101 . Stabilization of disease for >/= 6 months has been seen in heavily pretreated @entity1 receiving PTK/ZK at higher doses. Preliminary data suggest that PTK/ZK can be administered safely on a continuous daily dosing schedule, efficacy data look promising, and DCE-MRI correlates with biological response. DCE-MRI will be used to guide dose optimization of PTK/ZK and perhaps of other angiogenesis inhibitors in future studies.

title: @entity7 receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors: @entity17482 / XXXX .

answer: @entity17482 :: (MESH:C404768,Chemical) :: ['ZK 222584']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regional variations in kidney and liver transplant outcomes have been reported, but their causes remain largely unknown. This study investigated variations in kidney and liver cold @entity63 times (CITs) across Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO) as potential causes of variations in transplant outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (STAR) data of deceased donor kidney (n=61,335) and liver (n=39,285) transplants performed between 2003 and 2011. @entity7792 variations between the two types of organs were examined and compared. Factors associated with @entity7792 were explored using multivariable regressions. Spearman's rank tests were used to associate @entity7792 with graft failure at the OPO level. RESULTS: Significant @entity7792 variations were found across OPOs for both organs (p < 0.05). The variation was particularly large for kidney @entity7792 . Those OPOs with longer average kidney @entity7792 were likely to have a lower graft survival rate (p=0.01). For liver, this association was insignificant (p=0.23). The regression analysis revealed sharp contrasts between the factors associated with kidney and liver CITs. High risk kidney transplant recipients and marginal kidneys were associated with longer average @entity7792 . The reverse was true for liver transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Large variations in kidney @entity7792 compared to liver @entity7792 may indicate that there is a room to reduce kidney @entity7792 . Reducing kidney @entity7792 through managerial improvements could be a cost effective way to improve the current transplant system.

title: Geographic Variation in XXXX Time: Kidney vs. Liver Transplantation in the United States, 2003-2011.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Cold Ischemia']


abstract: Stroma-free hemoglobin (Hb) solutions were prepared on a 20-I scale. In 3-I batches, the beta chains of hemoglobin were crosslinked with @entity7977 ( @entity7977 ) that was synthesized on a gram scale. The coupling efficiency was 60 to 80 percent. The @entity26 dissociation curve of these Hb/HbNFPLP mixtures was shifted to the right with P50 ( @entity4095 for 50% saturation with @entity26 ) values of 26 to 38 torr versus values of 12 to 16 torr for the nonmodified hemoglobin solutions. Both the H+ Bohr factor and the Hill coefficient were lower for the Hb/HbNFPLP mixture than for the original hemoglobin solution. The @entity26 -binding coefficient beta was the same for both types of Hb solutions. The viscosity and the colloid osmotic pressure of both solutions were also the same. During storage at 4 degrees C for 18 months, no precipitation or denaturation of hemoglobin was detectable in either solution. There was also no conversion of the modified hemoglobin molecules, HbNFPLP, to the native hemoglobin tetramers, dimers, or monomers. The percentage of @entity3961 remained at 5 percent for about 6 months; it increased to 26 percent over the next 12 months. The results indicate that intramolecular coupling of hemoglobin with NFPLP yields a stable product with physiologic @entity26 -carrying properties.

title: Preparation and physical characteristics of a hemoglobin solution modified by coupling to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7977 :: ('MESH:C045124', 'Chemical') :: ['NFPLP', "2-nor-2-formylpyridoxal 5'-phosphate"]

answer: @entity7977 :: (MESH:C045124,Chemical) :: ['2-nor-2-formylpyridoxal 5'-phosphate']


abstract: Recently, it has been shown that @entity173 can be effectively prevented by use of hip protectors. To determine who would gain most benefit from use of hip protectors, we conducted a study with the aim to clarify factors that contribute to the occurrence of @entity174 in individuals who fall on their hip. @entity173 @entity1 were compared with individuals who had fallen on their hip without sustaining a @entity174 . The study group consisted of 123 consecutive @entity173 @entity1 aged 70 years or over (mean age 82 years, female 82 years and male 80 years). The control group comprised 132 individuals (mean age 81 years, female 81 years and male 80 years) obtained from a prospective study on falls, who had experienced a fall that caused a visible soft tissue injury ( @entity2981 or wound) at the hip or gluteal region without sustaining a @entity174 . @entity1 were questioned about associated diseases, medications, place of residence, walking ability, need for locomotor aids and some activities in daily living (ADL). @entity1 who sustained a @entity173 were more likely to be @entity1 , living in long-term institutional care, using neuroleptics, dependent in ADL and had more history of previous @entity64 with @entity1269 , more @entity304 and lower body mass indexes (BMI) than those who did not sustain a @entity174 on fall on the hip. According to a logistical regression model, institutional residence, low BMI and history of @entity64 with hemiplegic status differed between @entity174 cases and controls. Institutional residence, low BMI and history of @entity64 discriminate @entity173 @entity1 from fallers who sustain a soft tissue injury on the hip region. In clinical practice, @entity1 who have these characteristics would be potential candidates to use hip protectors and other preventive measures.

title: Factors related to occurrence of XXXX during a fall on the hip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiplegic stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fast-dissolving grass @entity566 immunotherapy tablet (grass AIT), Grazax, has proven effective in grass pollen-induced @entity7370 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the immunological and cutaneous changes induced after a short course with grass AIT. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 78 @entity1 randomly assigned to receive either grass AIT or placebo in a 2:1 ratio. Treatment lasted at least 8 weeks before the @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ), and continued until the season finished. Specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G4, IgE, and IgE-blocking factor to Phleum pratense were measured at the beginning of the trial and at different intervals during treatment. Immediate and delayed skin tests with P pratense were also performed. Safety endpoints were defined in terms of adverse events reported. RESULTS: A total of 75 @entity1 completed the trial (50 active and 25 placebo). P pratense IgG4, IgE, and IgE-blocking factor in actively treated @entity1 increased significantly from baseline to the start of the @entity2023 compared to placebo (P > .001, P = .017, and P = .005, respectively). The immediate cutaneous response was reduced during therapy in actively treated subjects, whereas placebo-treated subjects showed a decrease only after the start of the @entity2023 . The delayed response to the intradermal test in grass AIT-treated subjects diminished, although not in a significantly different way from the placebo-treated subjects. CONCLUSION: Treatment with grass AIT for grass pollen @entity56 induces immunological changes after only 1 month of treatment.

title: In vivo and in vitro immunological changes induced by a short course of grass XXXX immunotherapy tablets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['grass pollen season', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: This paper describes an outbreak of @entity4502 at Kapellen in Belgium among visitors of the annual fair. The investigation started on 13th November 1999 after a respiratory physician notified the health authorities of the province of Antwerp of presumptive cases of @entity2115 . The annual commercial fair at Kapellen, a small town in northern Belgium, was held 10 days previously and attracted 50,000 visitors. Stand employees (professionals or volunteers), technical staff of the hall and visitors at the fair were affected cases. An exploratory case-control study was conducted to trace the source of the epidemic. To complete the inventory study and to evaluate other risk factors, a cohort study of exhibitors and staff was conducted. Ninety-three @entity1 met the case definition, 41 of whom were considered as confirmed, 14 as presumptive cases and 38 as possible/clinical cases. Five @entity1 died. Further testing at the reference laboratory confirmed all strains to be @entity2114 serogroup 1. The sensitivity for culture was low (29.2%), and sensitivity for seroconversion was high (90.9%). For urinary antigen test, a sensitivity with Biotest EIA of 65.6% was found, and the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was 85.7%. In all cases, the individual had visited the fair. Those individuals working in the central areas of the tent, near the aerosol-producing devices, were at higher risk of disease. @entity2114 was detected by PCR on swabs of the surfaces of the whirlpool. Although not fully proven, an aerosol-producing device was the most probable source of the outbreak.

title: An outbreak of XXXX among visitors to a fair in Belgium in 1999.

entities_list: @entity2115 :: ('MESH:D007876', 'Disease') :: ['legionellosis']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ["Legionnaire's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella pneumophila']

answer: @entity4502 :: (MESH:D007877,Disease) :: ['Legionnaire's disease']


abstract: Donor @entity1573 given feed medicated with one or two levels of @entity7849 or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of @entity12917 or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient @entity1573 . The results showed that continuous medication with @entity7849 was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and @entity12917 are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler @entity1573 were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar @entity1573 inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with @entity7849 ; @entity7849 was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after @entity281 the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed.

title: The extraintestinal stages of XXXX and E. maxima in the @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity7849 :: ('MESH:D003667', 'Chemical') :: ['decoquinate']

entities_list: @entity12917 :: ('5802', 'Species') :: ['Eimeria tenella', 'E. tenella']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initial infection']

answer: @entity12917 :: (5802,Species) :: ['Eimeria tenella']


abstract: Donor @entity1573 given feed medicated with one or two levels of @entity7849 or given non-medicated feed were infected with oocysts of @entity12917 or E. maxima per os. Twelve hours after inoculation with oocysts liver, mid-intestine or ceca homogenates were fed to previously uninfected recipient @entity1573 . The results showed that continuous medication with @entity7849 was effective in preventing the transfer of sporozoites from the intestine to the liver. Oocysts were detected in the feces of all recipients of tissue from non-medicated donors, showing that some sporozoites of E. maxima and @entity12917 are normally transferred to liver. Young broiler @entity1573 were immunized by oral inoculation of E. maxima oocysts. The immune status of similar @entity1573 inoculated with sporozoites of the same species directly into the liver or spleen were assessed. During the experimental period half of the chicks were provided with non-medicated food and the remainder were given feed supplemented with @entity7849 ; @entity7849 was effective in arresting the development of the sporozoites. Two weeks after @entity281 the birds were challenged with oocysts of E. maxima per os. Injection of sporozoites into the spleen did not protect against challenge. Birds inoculated with sporozoites into the liver were unable to develop a significant level of immunity. When the drug pressure was removed from these birds, parasitism of the intestine occurred and immunity developed.

title: The extraintestinal stages of @entity12917 and E. maxima in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: The mean death time in a cloacal test (MDT/CT) was employed to define the pathogenic type of isolates of the @entity7467 virus (NDV) with 5-week-old birds. The results were compared with the use of standard methods for typing--the mean death time with 10-day-old @entity1573 embryos as defined by the minimal lethal dose (MDT/ @entity8431 ), the intracerebral pathogenic index for day-old chicks (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenic index for 6-8-weak-old birds (IVPI). Sixteen local isolates and 6 reference strains of NDV were used in the experiments. Using the author's modified technique to determine MDT/CT the velogenic strains of NDV were strictly differentiated from the local meso- and lentogenic NDV isolates and reference strains. At the same time differentiation was made of the velogenic-viscerotropic and of the velogenic-neurotropic isolates (strains). The values of MDT/CT in the experiments with isolates of the velogenic pathotype (14 in number) varied from 4.0 to 7.8 (mean = 5.32 +/- 0.26), and by them the isolates were graded for virulence within the respective (viscero- and neurotropic) group. For the lentogenic (5) and the mesogenic (3) isolates and strains these values were approx. 10. With 6 local NDV isolates of the velogenic-viscerotropic pathotype the test birds showed @entity4 of the head and neck, with swelling of the eyelids, and post mortem the accumulation of semi-liquid fibrinous mass under the skin in these parts of the body and @entity2024 were found. MDT/CT in the modification employed proved simple and readily applicable, and superior to IVPI in reliability, and is, therefore, suggested for use in typing and differentiating NDV isolates.

title: [Typing of Newcastle virus isolates by mean death time of XXXX in the cloacal test].

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle Disease']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blastic plasmacytoid @entity1544 (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive @entity1583 primarily found in adults, often carrying a poor prognosis. There are only 33 reported pediatric cases of BPDCN in the literature. Although standard treatment is not yet established for @entity1 , current literature recommends the use of high-risk @entity981 ( @entity981 )-type chemotherapy. Recent studies, however, have explored the benefits of combining chemotherapy with stem-cell transplantation. Here, the authors present 2 cases of pediatric BPDCN treated with different modalities. The first case is a 13-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 3-month history of an initially asymptomatic firm nodule on her left shin. The second case is a 15-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 4-month history of an enlarging subcutaneous nodule on the lower leg. Immunohistochemical staining of both @entity1 was positive for markers consistent with BPDCN. The latter @entity1 received @entity981 -type therapy alone, whereas the former received @entity981 -type chemotherapy and stem-cell transplantation. Since initial treatment, both @entity1 remain disease-free. These cases contribute to the limited number of pediatric BPDCN cases, thus helping to advance our knowledge toward an optimal treatment protocol for clinical remission.

title: XXXX in the Pediatric Population: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The authors present a retrospective cohort study examining complications in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity91 using both minimally invasive endoscopic and open approaches. METHODS Over the past 10 years, 295 nonsyndromic @entity1 (140 undergoing endoscopic procedures and 155 undergoing open procedures) and 33 syndromic @entity1 (endoscopic procedures in 10 and open procedures in 23) met the authors' criteria. Variables analyzed included age at surgery, presence of a preexisting CSF shunt, skin incision method, estimated @entity190 , transfusions of packed red blood cells, use of intravenous @entity230 or @entity927 , intraoperative durotomies, procedure length, and length of hospital stay. Complications were classified as either surgically or medically related. RESULTS In the nonsyndromic endoscopic group, the authors experienced 3 (2.1%) surgical and 5 (3.6%) medical complications. In the nonsyndromic open group, there were 2 (1.3%) surgical and 7 (4.5%) medical complications. Intraoperative durotomies occurred in 5 (3.6%) endoscopic and 12 (7.8%) open cases, were repaired primarily, and did not result in reoperations for CSF leakage. Similar complication rates were seen in syndromic cases. There was no death or permanent morbidity. Additionally, endoscopic procedures were associated with significantly decreased estimated @entity190 , transfusions, procedure length, and length of hospital stay compared with open procedures. CONCLUSIONS Rates of intraoperative durotomies and surgical and medical complications were comparable between endoscopic and open techniques. This is the largest direct comparison to date between endoscopic and open interventions for @entity8213 , and the results are in agreement with previous series that endoscopic surgery confers distinct advantages over open surgery in appropriate @entity1 populations.

title: Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic XXXX surgery at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity3594 ( @entity3594 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity3190 especially in @entity28 @entity1 . @entity15595 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity209 , such as @entity28 , @entity2690 resistance, and type 2 @entity6 . The role of @entity15595 in the development of @entity3594 -related @entity28 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity15595 and @entity3594 -related @entity28 . @entity1 _ Measurements: 30 @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 (OB group), 30 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3594 ( @entity3594 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity1 . Oral @entity413 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity413 and plasma @entity2690 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity413 and @entity2690 was calculated. Serum @entity15595 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity3190 is found in both @entity3594 and OB groups. The @entity3594 group had higher levels of @entity2690 but better blood @entity413 tolerance and @entity2690 response. The difference in @entity15595 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity3594 group showing the highest serum level of @entity15595 . Serum @entity15595 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity2690 . Conclusion: @entity3594 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity2690 response and @entity413 tolerance compared to @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 . Serum @entity15595 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity28 with @entity3594 .

title: Serum XXXX Level is Higher and Related with @entity2690 in Acanthosis Nigricans-related @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'Acanthosis nigricans']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity15595 :: (252995,Gene) :: ['Irisin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity3594 ( @entity3594 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity3190 especially in @entity28 @entity1 . @entity15595 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity209 , such as @entity28 , @entity2690 resistance, and type 2 @entity6 . The role of @entity15595 in the development of @entity3594 -related @entity28 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity15595 and @entity3594 -related @entity28 . @entity1 _ Measurements: 30 @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 (OB group), 30 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3594 ( @entity3594 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity1 . Oral @entity413 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity413 and plasma @entity2690 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity413 and @entity2690 was calculated. Serum @entity15595 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity3190 is found in both @entity3594 and OB groups. The @entity3594 group had higher levels of @entity2690 but better blood @entity413 tolerance and @entity2690 response. The difference in @entity15595 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity3594 group showing the highest serum level of @entity15595 . Serum @entity15595 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity2690 . Conclusion: @entity3594 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity2690 response and @entity413 tolerance compared to @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 . Serum @entity15595 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity28 with @entity3594 .

title: Serum @entity15595 Level is Higher and Related with @entity2690 in Acanthosis Nigricans-related XXXX .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity3594 ( @entity3594 ) is proved to be a skin phenotype of @entity3190 especially in @entity28 @entity1 . @entity15595 is a new myokine which plays an important role in @entity209 , such as @entity28 , @entity2690 resistance, and type 2 @entity6 . The role of @entity15595 in the development of @entity3594 -related @entity28 is not yet understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between @entity15595 and @entity3594 -related @entity28 . @entity1 _ Measurements: 30 @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 (OB group), 30 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3594 ( @entity3594 group), and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group, CON) were included in this study. Weight, BMI, lipid profile, FFA, UA, and CRP were measured in all @entity1 . Oral @entity413 Tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed and serum @entity413 and plasma @entity2690 were measured at 0, 30, 60,120 and 180   min. The AUC (area under curve) of @entity413 and @entity2690 was calculated. Serum @entity15595 was measured by ELISA. Results: @entity3190 is found in both @entity3594 and OB groups. The @entity3594 group had higher levels of @entity2690 but better blood @entity413 tolerance and @entity2690 response. The difference in @entity15595 levels between the 3 groups was statistically significant, with the @entity3594 group showing the highest serum level of @entity15595 . Serum @entity15595 levels were positively correlated with BMI, and fasting @entity2690 . Conclusion: @entity3594 is a state of hyperinsulinmia and has better @entity2690 response and @entity413 tolerance compared to @entity28 @entity1 without @entity3594 . Serum @entity15595 may be a protective factor against impaired beta cell function in @entity28 with @entity3594 .

title: Serum @entity15595 Level is Higher and Related with XXXX in Acanthosis Nigricans-related @entity28 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: It is generally known that even with permanent sections, the differential diagnosis between @entity652 and @entity189 is often difficult to determine. It is not unusual to encounter @entity1 diagnosed with benign @entity652 whose diagnoses have to be changed to @entity5 because of recurrence or @entity3 . As the monoclonal antibody HBME-1 produced by @entity2615 cells has been shown to have reactivity in @entity259 , we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of HBME-1 in @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 was performed on 205 various @entity259 using the labeled streptavadin @entity1885 peroxidase method. When @entity1710 - @entity1711 (HE) staining was performed again for this study and all cases were examined in accordance with the WHO Histological Classifications 2nd Edition, 87.2% (54/62) of @entity5651 and 72.6% (45/62) of @entity652 were negative. On the other hand, 84.6% (33/39) of @entity189 and 97.2% (35/36) of @entity1377 were positive. All anaplastic (2/2) and medullary (4/4) @entity189 were negative. Examination in @entity5 had a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 72.6%, positive predictive value of 66.0% and overall accuracy of 77.2%. Among the cases treated as @entity652 clinically, the diagnosis of 13 cases was changed to @entity189 , and 6 cases to @entity1377 for this study. These cases showed strong HBME-1 positivity. Two of the @entity189 cases experienced recurrence. We conclude that immunohistochemical staining with HBME-1 may be useful clinically to pick out cases with a high risk of recurrence in @entity189 , and that benign @entity652 cases need close follow-up.

title: HBME-1 immunostaining in XXXX especially in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['follicular neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous goiter']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenoma', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: It is generally known that even with permanent sections, the differential diagnosis between @entity652 and @entity189 is often difficult to determine. It is not unusual to encounter @entity1 diagnosed with benign @entity652 whose diagnoses have to be changed to @entity5 because of recurrence or @entity3 . As the monoclonal antibody HBME-1 produced by @entity2615 cells has been shown to have reactivity in @entity259 , we investigated the diagnostic usefulness of HBME-1 in @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining for HBME-1 was performed on 205 various @entity259 using the labeled streptavadin @entity1885 peroxidase method. When @entity1710 - @entity1711 (HE) staining was performed again for this study and all cases were examined in accordance with the WHO Histological Classifications 2nd Edition, 87.2% (54/62) of @entity5651 and 72.6% (45/62) of @entity652 were negative. On the other hand, 84.6% (33/39) of @entity189 and 97.2% (35/36) of @entity1377 were positive. All anaplastic (2/2) and medullary (4/4) @entity189 were negative. Examination in @entity5 had a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 72.6%, positive predictive value of 66.0% and overall accuracy of 77.2%. Among the cases treated as @entity652 clinically, the diagnosis of 13 cases was changed to @entity189 , and 6 cases to @entity1377 for this study. These cases showed strong HBME-1 positivity. Two of the @entity189 cases experienced recurrence. We conclude that immunohistochemical staining with HBME-1 may be useful clinically to pick out cases with a high risk of recurrence in @entity189 , and that benign @entity652 cases need close follow-up.

title: HBME-1 immunostaining in @entity259 especially in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['follicular neoplasm']


abstract: PURPOSE: Vertical expandable prosthetic @entity702 rib (VEPTR) insertion and expansion has been advocated to increase thoracic volume and pulmonary function in @entity1 with @entity1887 . We reviewed our experience with VEPTR implantation to determine if lung function and growth is augmented, to determine the @entity1 's functional status, and if the @entity1635 is controlled. METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, 29 insertions and 57 expansions were performed in 26 @entity1 at our institution. Demographic data were reviewed in conjunction with complications, @entity1635 angles, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and computed tomography-guided 3D reconstructions to determine lung volumes; and quality of life scores were determined using a modified @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively. The groups were also stratified by age (because of lung growth potential), disease ( @entity1635 , @entity2063 , neuromuscular, other @entity2383 ), and sex. Analyses using SPSS (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) were performed with P < .05 considered significant. RESULTS: Each @entity1 underwent 3.03    1.8 surgeries, spending 0.97    1.8 days in the intensive care unit and 4.41    6 days in the hospital for each procedure. Mean age was 90.7    41 months. Of the 36 complications, most were because of @entity281 (12), half requiring operative repair (hardware removal). The average PFT percent predicted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and RV were 54.6    22, 58.1    24, and 145.3    112, respectively, preoperatively and 51.8    20, 55.9    20, and 105.6    31, respectively, postoperatively. The lung volumes measured by computed tomography when corrected for age do not increase significantly postoperatively. The mean Cobb measurement for the preoperative major curves was 64.7   and postoperatively was 46.1   for those curves measured preoperatively, for a 29% curve improvement. All postoperative curves had a mean of 56.4   and 58.1   at final follow-up, a 3% curve increase. The @entity1635 scores for @entity1 remained unchanged and no statistical difference was seen from preoperative to postoperative values. No statistically significant difference was seen in complications, @entity15795 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, RV), lung volumes, @entity1635 angles, and @entity1635 scores between sex, age, and disease categories. CONCLUSION: There was mild improvement in @entity1635 angles but no improvement in lung function and volume. @entity1635 scores indicate that the @entity1 have near normal function both before and after VEPTR placement. Pulmonary function, lung volume, and @entity1 subjective assessments did not increase dramatically after VEPTR placement, although @entity1635 angles improved.

title: Vertical expandable prosthetic XXXX rib device insertion: does it improve pulmonary function?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2063 :: ('MESH:C537571', 'Disease') :: ['Jeune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic insufficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital or infantile scoliosis', 'scoliosis', 'Scoliosis Research Society', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural thoracic disorders']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The main aim of Croatia's epidemiological information system is to enable the monitoring of @entity166 as well as to enable necessary interventions. Its 24-hour epidemiologic alert mechanism made it possible for initial reports of @entity944 in haemodialysis units to reach epidemiologists on the night of 12 October 2001. The alert about the sudden @entity204 among haemodialysis @entity1 in two hospitals has prompted us to do an epidemiological inquiry during that night and early the next morning. It looked at suspicions of a possible link between Baxter Plivadial P-15 lot 2001F075 dialyser and these @entity204 . As the suspicion was based on a small amount of data, it needed confirmation from a countrywide inquiry involving the other 40 haemodialysis units. A phone inquiry showed that 23 haemodialysis @entity204 occurred on 8-13 October 2001. It suggested that also dialyser of a different type and lot (P-18 2001B17R) should be incriminated. During the inquiry (October 13), all haemodialysis units were informed of the suspicions regarding incriminated dialysers, and of the necessity of temporary withdrawal of these from use. The withdrawal on 13 October of incriminated dialysers stopped the @entity204 among haemodialysis @entity1 . No more such sudden @entity204 have been recorded since that could be linked either to the described period or to this clinical picture.

title: Role of epidemiologic information system in XXXX prevention among Croatia's haemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death clusters']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: The main aim of Croatia's epidemiological information system is to enable the monitoring of @entity166 as well as to enable necessary interventions. Its 24-hour epidemiologic alert mechanism made it possible for initial reports of @entity944 in haemodialysis units to reach epidemiologists on the night of 12 October 2001. The alert about the sudden @entity204 among haemodialysis @entity1 in two hospitals has prompted us to do an epidemiological inquiry during that night and early the next morning. It looked at suspicions of a possible link between Baxter Plivadial P-15 lot 2001F075 dialyser and these @entity204 . As the suspicion was based on a small amount of data, it needed confirmation from a countrywide inquiry involving the other 40 haemodialysis units. A phone inquiry showed that 23 haemodialysis @entity204 occurred on 8-13 October 2001. It suggested that also dialyser of a different type and lot (P-18 2001B17R) should be incriminated. During the inquiry (October 13), all haemodialysis units were informed of the suspicions regarding incriminated dialysers, and of the necessity of temporary withdrawal of these from use. The withdrawal on 13 October of incriminated dialysers stopped the @entity204 among haemodialysis @entity1 . No more such sudden @entity204 have been recorded since that could be linked either to the described period or to this clinical picture.

title: Role of epidemiologic information system in @entity944 prevention among Croatia's haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity827 is an @entity66 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity221 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity1 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity235 brown tick, @entity278 . Interestingly, @entity7587 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity1 with @entity827 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7587 , @entity26357 , @entity39340 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7587 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7587 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity558 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7587 were located only on bands of the @entity558 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity1 . According to this finding, spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among @entity827 @entity1 of a new spotted XXXX group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Mediterranean spotted fever']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus']

entities_list: @entity7587 :: ('781', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia conorii', 'R. conorii']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: @entity827 is an @entity66 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity221 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity1 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity235 brown tick, @entity278 . Interestingly, @entity7587 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity1 with @entity827 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7587 , @entity26357 , @entity39340 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7587 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7587 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity558 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7587 were located only on bands of the @entity558 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity1 . According to this finding, spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among XXXX @entity1 of a new spotted @entity221 group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['Mediterranean spotted fever']


abstract: @entity827 is an @entity66 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity221 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity1 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity235 brown tick, @entity278 . Interestingly, @entity7587 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity1 with @entity827 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7587 , @entity26357 , @entity39340 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7587 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7587 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity558 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7587 were located only on bands of the @entity558 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity1 . According to this finding, spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among @entity827 XXXX of a new spotted @entity221 group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Porcine @entity294 (PED) is an emerging disease of @entity1707 that has recently led to large numbers of @entity204 in a number of countries of Eastern Asia and The Americas. The objective of the present study was to identify and compare risk factors associated with PED infection in locally and non-locally PED-exposed farms in Japan. A questionnaire was administered to a convenience selection of @entity1707 farms located throughout Japan. Questionnaires were administered between November 2013 (when the first case was reported in Japan) and August 2014. PED-positive farms (cases, n=124) were asked to provide information on their status (positive or negative) and select herd management practices for the two weeks prior to onset of PED clinical signs. Negative farms (controls, n=128) were given the same questionnaire and asked herd management practices for the two weeks prior to a given reference date. This date was assigned based on the date of PED occurrence in the town/prefecture in which the farm was located. Case and control farms were categorized as "locally exposed" if they were located within a 5km radius from a PED-infected farm and "non-locally exposed", otherwise. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with PED infection. Two separate regressions were done for locally exposed and non-locally exposed farms using PED status (positive/negative) as the dependent variable. PED in locally-exposed farms was associated (P<0.05) with increased farm size (in 100 @entity1707 increments), shorter distances to the closest PED-positive farm (less than1,001m), and a disinfectant contact time of less than 20min. In non-locally exposed farms, PED was associated (P<0.05) with @entity101 to the farm, no visit of the veterinarian, and again a disinfectant contact time of less than 20min. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of PED spread in Japan were different for farms closer to case-farms compared to farms that were further away from PED cases. These results will contribute to understanding the epidemiology of the disease in Japan and will ultimately aid in designing and implementing effective prevention and control strategies in Japan and other regions epidemically infected by the PED virus.

title: Epidemiological factors associated to spread of porcine XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['piglet deaths']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased feed truck visits']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['epidemic diarrhea']


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity460 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity460 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity35 by treatment with @entity3875 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity10040 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity177 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 . Arterial @entity730 was produced in adult @entity35 by means of a single dose of @entity3875 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity35 showed a large increase in @entity460 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity460 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity10040 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity1372 and @entity972 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity35 with arterial @entity730 also showed an increment of total @entity460 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity460 and in the expression of @entity15822 ( @entity15822 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity8 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity15822 .

title: Early manifestation of XXXX in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity15822 :: ('29509(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['organic anion transporter 1', 'OAT1']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['parameters of global renal function']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10040 :: ('MESH:C036944', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfanilamide']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity460 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity460 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity35 by treatment with @entity3875 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity10040 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity177 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 . Arterial @entity730 was produced in adult @entity35 by means of a single dose of @entity3875 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity35 showed a large increase in @entity460 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity460 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity10040 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity1372 and @entity972 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity35 with arterial @entity730 also showed an increment of total @entity460 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity460 and in the expression of @entity15822 ( @entity15822 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity8 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity15822 .

title: Early manifestation of @entity8 in @entity35 with arterial XXXX .

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcinosis']


abstract: In vascular smooth muscle, @entity460 overload is a highly pathogenic event, which increases with advancing age. An increase in the @entity460 content of arterial wall may be produced in @entity35 by treatment with @entity3875 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal clearance of @entity10040 (a model organic anion, preferentially eliminated by the kidneys) and other @entity177 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 . Arterial @entity730 was produced in adult @entity35 by means of a single dose of @entity3875 (300,000 UI/kg bw, i.m.) 5 days before the experiment. Treated @entity35 showed a large increase in @entity460 content of aortic tissue and an increase in systolic arterial pressure. No modifications were observed in plasma @entity460 levels and in plasma lipid profiles. Statistically significant decrements were observed in renal clearance of @entity10040 , in renal blood flow, in fractional excretion of @entity1372 and @entity972 . A slight decrease, not statistically different, was observed in the glomerular filtration rate. @entity35 with arterial @entity730 also showed an increment of total @entity460 levels in renal tissue, in fractional excretion of @entity460 and in the expression of @entity15822 ( @entity15822 ). Histological studies revealed tubular alterations. In summary, modifications in hemodynamics and tubular parameters are early manifestations of @entity8 in @entity35 with arterial @entity730 , some of which may account for the changes observed in organic anions renal depuration. It is important to mention that the decrease in clearance of organic anions were seen in spite of the increase in expression of @entity15822 .

title: Early manifestation of @entity8 in XXXX with arterial @entity730 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of early nephrology referral on clinical outcome in @entity6 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis dialysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the type II @entity6 @entity1 entering our PD program from February 1988 to June 2001. @entity1 who were presented to a nephrologist more than 6 months before starting dialysis were defined as early referral (ER). @entity1 were considered late referral (LR) if they were transferred to the nephrology department within 6 months before initial dialysis. RESULTS: Hundred and fifteen type II @entity6 @entity1 receiving @entity2033 for at least 3 months were enrolled in this study. Sixteen of the 53 @entity1 (46.1%) were in the ER group and 62 of the 115 (53.9%) were in the LR group. In univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards mode, the early referral (Exp (Coef) = 0.423, p < 0.01), good glycemic control (Exp (Coef) = 0.16, p < 0.05), and age at dialysis (Exp (Coef) = 1.026, p < 0.05 (had significantly influenced the @entity1 survival. The residual renal function in the ER group, estimated by @entity1011 clearance (Ccr), significantly exceeded that of the LR group (ER vs. LR: 4.46 +/- 1.56 vs. 2.51 +/- 1.70 mL/min, p < 0.001). The @entity1 with early referral had significantly better survival (p < 0.05). Five-year survival improved significantly in the early referral group compared to the late referral group (ER: 72.4%; LR: 35.2%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the time of referral before starting dialysis is a predictor of survival for type II @entity6 on @entity2033 . @entity1 with early referral are associated with longer survival. The beneficial effect might be associated with the timely initiation of the chronic @entity2033 program. These results suggest that early referral before dialysis is important in determining the long-term prognosis in type II @entity6 on @entity2033 .

title: Improvement of clinical outcome by early nephrology referral in type II XXXX on hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: A 34-year-old female with @entity454 was admitted for severe @entity520 , @entity75 , @entity2396 and severe @entity417 following a bout of @entity697 . She improved on aggressive medical management including intensive hemodialysis and was initiated onto maintenance heparin-free hemodialysis (twelve hours per week) and discharged. After a week, she presented with @entity221 with chills and rigors for three days, was toxic, severely orthopenic and had a pulsus paradoxus of 36 mmHg. Echocardiography suggested cardiac tamponade. Aspiration revealed frank pus with polymorphonuclear predominance and @entity794 on culture. CT of the thorax revealed @entity2294 . In the absence of any obvious septic foci, concomitant @entity358 , mediastinal or intra-abdominal pathology; a diagnosis of "acute primary @entity2396 " was made. @entity1 was put on parenteral antibiotics- @entity2756 and @entity868 . @entity2176 was added after sensitivity results. Pericardial drainage was required initially. After @entity6064 improved, paradox decreased and @entity221 subsided, the pericardial catheter was removed and antibiotics continued for a period of four weeks. Maintenance hemodialysis was continued during hospital stay and after discharge.

title: XXXX in a chronic renal failure @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metrogyl']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['uremic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['purulent pericarditis', 'pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pleuro-pulmonary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2396 :: (MESH:D010493,Disease) :: ['Staphylococcal pericarditis']


abstract: A 34-year-old female with @entity454 was admitted for severe @entity520 , @entity75 , @entity2396 and severe @entity417 following a bout of @entity697 . She improved on aggressive medical management including intensive hemodialysis and was initiated onto maintenance heparin-free hemodialysis (twelve hours per week) and discharged. After a week, she presented with @entity221 with chills and rigors for three days, was toxic, severely orthopenic and had a pulsus paradoxus of 36 mmHg. Echocardiography suggested cardiac tamponade. Aspiration revealed frank pus with polymorphonuclear predominance and @entity794 on culture. CT of the thorax revealed @entity2294 . In the absence of any obvious septic foci, concomitant @entity358 , mediastinal or intra-abdominal pathology; a diagnosis of "acute primary @entity2396 " was made. @entity1 was put on parenteral antibiotics- @entity2756 and @entity868 . @entity2176 was added after sensitivity results. Pericardial drainage was required initially. After @entity6064 improved, paradox decreased and @entity221 subsided, the pericardial catheter was removed and antibiotics continued for a period of four weeks. Maintenance hemodialysis was continued during hospital stay and after discharge.

title: @entity2396 in a chronic renal failure XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the treatment results and outcomes of @entity1 with pathological node positive @entity17539 who experienced an inguinal recurrence after therapeutic lymphadenectomy, and determined the clinicopathological features predictive of such recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of 161 @entity1 with pN+ @entity17539 were analyzed. Ipsilateral postoperative radiotherapy was given if histopathology revealed 2 or more @entity3 and/or extranodal extension. Medium observed followup was 60 months. The 5-year incidence of inguinal recurrence was estimated using a competing risk analysis considering death a competing risk. RESULTS: An inguinal recurrence developed in 26 @entity1 following lymphadenectomy after a median of 5.3 months. The overall estimated 5-year inguinal recurrence rate was 16%. Of the 26 @entity1 with inguinal recurrence ipsilateral adjuvant radiotherapy was indicated in 22 but given in 11. The other 11 @entity1 had recurrence in the groin before the start of adjuvant radiotherapy. Median survival after inguinal recurrence was 4.5 months. Only 2 of 26 @entity1 (8%) underwent successful salvage after inguinal recurrence. Pronounced differences in estimated recurrence rates were found among several clinicopathological variables indicating extensive @entity5 . @entity1 with 3 or more unilateral metastatic inguinal nodes and/or extranodal extension and/or pelvic @entity13849 involvement defined a subgroup with high risk pN+ @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Most inguinal recurrence following therapeutic lymphadenectomy in pN+ @entity17539 occurs within a short time. @entity1 experiencing such a recurrence have a poor outcome with limited salvage options. @entity1 with 3 or more unilateral metastatic inguinal nodes and/or extranodal extension and/or pelvic @entity13849 involvement represent a high risk group that may benefit from multimodality treatment.

title: Inguinal recurrence following therapeutic lymphadenectomy for node positive XXXX : outcome and implications for management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['penile carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity2213 , which was the first targeted therapy for @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), has led to the significant prolongation of life for most @entity1 . However, approximately 30% fail therapy. The major mechanism of acquired resistance is somatic mutation within the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain, which affects @entity2213 binding. Recently, more potent inhibitors have been approved that retain activity against most of the more than 100 mutations. However, some mutations remain problematic for one or more of the new inhibitors. The most frequently detected mutation, @entity28837 , remains resistant to all of the currently approved inhibitors. More sensitive mutation techniques that focus on the detection of a limited number of specific mutations may be beneficial, but are yet to prove their clinical utility for the early detection of relapse in routine practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Inhibitors with alternate binding modes that may overcome @entity28837 -associated resistance are at the preclinical stage or are undergoing clinical trial. SUMMARY: Each of the new, more potent kinase inhibitor drugs appear to have a partially overlapping set of mutations that confer a degree of resistance. Mutation detection techniques may need to adapt to provide clinicians with a more timely indication of mutation acquisition and pending relapse.

title: Mutational analysis in XXXX : when and what to do?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Case Description-A 1.5-year-old spayed female Bernese Mountain @entity235 was examined for a 6-month history of intermittent @entity391 , regurgitation, wheezing, and coughing. Initially, a diagnosis of @entity354 with @entity55 was made but clinical signs did not resolve with treatment. Clinical Findings-Thoracic and cervical radiography and CT revealed a sessile, irregularly marginated soft tissue opacity at the level of the fourth rib. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were within reference limits. Results of abdominal ultrasonography were normal. Treatment and Outcome-Tracheoscopy revealed a firm, irregularly marginated mass apparently originating from the ventral aspect of the @entity825 , occluding approximately one-half of the tracheal lumen, and located 2 cm cranial to the carina. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of fine-needle aspirate and biopsy samples suggested a benign etiology; therefore, endoscopic minimally invasive laser and electrocautery resection of the mass was scheduled. A total IV anesthetic protocol was administered with an @entity26 -air mixture used to decrease the risk of fire during tracheal surgery. The mass was successfully resected, and histopathologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of @entity705 . Clinical signs resolved, and at follow-up 32 months later, no regrowth of the mass was evident. Clinical Relevance-Tracheoscopy-guided electrocautery and surgical diode laser resection was successful in removing an obstructive tracheal mass that was not resectable by means of a conventional open surgical approach. Minimally invasive procedures may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve outcome in appropriately selected small animal @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic treatment of an intrathoracic XXXX in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['secondary aspiration pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['tracheal osteochondroma']


abstract: Case Description-A 1.5-year-old spayed female Bernese Mountain @entity235 was examined for a 6-month history of intermittent @entity391 , regurgitation, wheezing, and coughing. Initially, a diagnosis of @entity354 with @entity55 was made but clinical signs did not resolve with treatment. Clinical Findings-Thoracic and cervical radiography and CT revealed a sessile, irregularly marginated soft tissue opacity at the level of the fourth rib. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were within reference limits. Results of abdominal ultrasonography were normal. Treatment and Outcome-Tracheoscopy revealed a firm, irregularly marginated mass apparently originating from the ventral aspect of the @entity825 , occluding approximately one-half of the tracheal lumen, and located 2 cm cranial to the carina. Cytologic and histopathologic examination of fine-needle aspirate and biopsy samples suggested a benign etiology; therefore, endoscopic minimally invasive laser and electrocautery resection of the mass was scheduled. A total IV anesthetic protocol was administered with an @entity26 -air mixture used to decrease the risk of fire during tracheal surgery. The mass was successfully resected, and histopathologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of @entity705 . Clinical signs resolved, and at follow-up 32 months later, no regrowth of the mass was evident. Clinical Relevance-Tracheoscopy-guided electrocautery and surgical diode laser resection was successful in removing an obstructive tracheal mass that was not resectable by means of a conventional open surgical approach. Minimally invasive procedures may decrease morbidity and mortality and improve outcome in appropriately selected small animal @entity1 .

title: Endoscopic treatment of an intrathoracic @entity705 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity542 is the most common cause of death because of injury in @entity1 , and @entity130 alone is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics. This study aimed to characterize the demographics and economic burden associated with the surgical and nonsurgical repair of craniofacial @entity174 in the pediatric inpatient population in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the 2012 Kids' Inpatient Database which identified 20,070 @entity1 who had a skull or facial @entity174 , of whom 6395 (31.9%) were treated surgically. Epidemiologic @entity1 and hospital data were analyzed as potential determinants of surgical treatment, prolonged hospitalizations, and higher charges. RESULTS: Pediatric craniofacial @entity174 are estimated to represent  1.2 billion of national healthcare expenditures annually. The average @entity1 charge for surgical treatment of a craniofacial @entity174 in the pediatric population is  84,849 compared with  52,490 for nonsurgical management (P<0.001), and the average length of stay was longer for surgical repair when compared with nonsurgical management for craniofacial @entity174 (5.3 days versus 4.6 days, P<0.001). @entity1 who were older, African American, had nonprivate insurance, whose @entity174 was caused by external @entity130 , and who were treated in an urban hospital had an independently increased likelihood of surgical repair of craniofacial @entity174 . @entity1 who were older, female, insured, of lower income brackets, whose @entity174 was caused by a motor vehicle accident, who had surgical treatment of their craniofacial @entity174 , and who were treated in hospitals in the South, Midwest, or West, teaching hospitals, and government-owned hospitals had an independent risk for a prolonged hospitalization. @entity1 who were older, Caucasian, insured, whose @entity174 was caused by a motor vehicle accident, and who were treated in hospitals in the South, teaching hospitals, pediatric hospitals, larger hospitals, and government-owned hospitals had an independent risk for increased @entity1 charges. CONCLUSIONS: Craniofacial @entity174 in the pediatric population represent a large economic burden to the @entity1 and family, as well as the healthcare system as a whole. The identified @entity1 and hospital demographics that are associated with prolonged hospital stays and higher @entity1 charges may represent potential barriers to care, and additional research to elucidate these factors is warranted.

title: Surgical Treatment of XXXX : A National Perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head trauma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Craniofacial Fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nasal septal perforations (NSPs) are one of the major complications among the nose surgery that the surgeon has to solve it. There are many reasons on the etiology of septal perforation such as iatrogenic and idiopathic. All the surgical procedures are based on 2 main principles, namely repair using an intranasal flaps: mucosal, mucoperichondrial, mucoperiosteal flaps within the nasal cavity; and extranasal flaps. Operation can be carried out using either the "closed technique" or "open technique." The author presents a different or additional method, namely alar winged flaps (AWFs). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 13 @entity1 with medium-large @entity15005 were treated with this approach. Of these 13 @entity1 , 9 were male (69%) and 4 female (31%). Average age was 40.13 years. In 13 cases, average diameter of the perforation was between 1.5 and 2.4cm; in 1 case, it was >3cm; in 2 cases, it was <2cm. RESULTS: Alar winged flaps was used for better exposure in all @entity1 . Etiology of the @entity15005 was detected as previous septal surgery in 5 cases (38%), over septal tissue resection in 3 cases (23%), and @entity281 at septal surgery, blunt @entity130 , >1 blunt @entity130 , nasal @entity228 using, respectively. There was no preoperative and @entity260 . At the early follow-up, AWF @entity1912 incision scar was cosmetically satisfactory. DISCUSSION: As can be seen from the senior authors' description, especially large NSPs are difficult problems to solve. The proposed surgical techniques are still offered the highest recurrence rates. To address this problem, the authors developed the AWF method. The operation time before using AWF was so long in our previous @entity15005 surgeries. After AWF, the authors saved an average of 14 to 25 minutes in each operation. No visible scar is seen on the AWF donor areas at the early follow-up. The authors suggest this @entity1912 method bilaterally and/or unilaterally for the medium or large perforations.

title: A Different Approach to the Reconstruction of Nasal Septum Perforations: Alar Winged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To audit the effectiveness of the anticonvulsant @entity2682 on hot flushes in postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: This was an open case series involving 11 postmenopausal @entity1 who were willing to take @entity2682 for the relief of their hot flushes and were willing to keep a diary recording the number and intensity of their hot flushes, both before and during treatment. @entity2682 was started at a dose of 300 mg, to be taken at night, and the @entity1 were instructed to increase the dose up to 1,200 mg, according to symptom behavior. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 agreed to participate for on average 53.22 days (range, 2-79 days), but two discontinued participation-one before starting treatment and one after 2 days-so there are complete data sets for nine @entity1 . @entity2682 was found to be extremely effective in reducing hot flush activity (P < 0.001; Fig. 1). A significant @entity304 was observed with a dose of 300 mg/day (P < 0.001). Scores on the Green Climacteric Scale were significantly improved from a mean of 25.72 (range, 12-42) to 19.25 (range, 13-31; P < 0.001). Palpitations (P = 0.001), @entity4697 attacks (P = 0.0001), mood (P = 0.023), muscle and joint @entity158 (P = 0.021), and @entity809 and loss of sensation in the extremities (P = 0.001) were also shown to improve with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the present case series, @entity2682 was well tolerated and could be a valuable alternative for the treatment of hot flushes in @entity1 with contraindications to hormonal replacement therapy. It would be particularly beneficial for @entity1 in whom aches and @entity158 and @entity809 are also a significant feature of the climacteric syndrome.

title: XXXX for the management of hot flushes: a case series.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of perineal @entity158 , the effects of @entity158 on postnatal recovery, @entity1337 used to relieve @entity158 and the perceived effectiveness of such @entity1337 at the Royal @entity1 's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : We conducted structured interviews of 215 @entity1 in the postnatal ward of a tertiary hospital, within 72 hours of a vaginal birth. FINDINGS: The structured interviews revealed that 90% of @entity1 reported some perineal @entity158 , with 37% reporting moderate or severe @entity158 . The degree of perineal @entity130 predicted @entity1 's ratings of perineal @entity158 on a visual analogue scale, with more severe @entity130 related to higher @entity158 scores. Over a third of @entity1 experienced moderate or severe perineal @entity158 , particularly when walking (33%) or sitting (39%), while 45% noted that @entity158 interfered with their ability to sleep. @entity1 reported moderate or severe perineal @entity158 when they undertook activities involving feeding their @entity1 (12%) or caring for their @entity1 (12%). @entity1 used a range of @entity1337 , including a combination of ice packs (69%), oral @entity1337 (75%), narcotic @entity1337 (4%) and anti-inflammatory suppositories (25%). The majority of @entity1 rated these forms of @entity1337 as effective and identified very few side effects. KEY CONCLUSIONS: Following vaginal birth, @entity1 commonly reported @entity158 from perineal @entity130 . This @entity158 affected @entity1 's ability to mobilise and was relieved by a variety of agents. Side effects from @entity1337 were rare. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The prevalence of perineal @entity158 and the associated impact on @entity1 's recovery from childbirth warrants midwives' proactive care in offering a range of effective @entity158 relief options to @entity1 .

title: Perineal @entity158 following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and XXXX usage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence of perineal @entity158 , the effects of @entity158 on postnatal recovery, @entity1337 used to relieve @entity158 and the perceived effectiveness of such @entity1337 at the Royal @entity1 's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : We conducted structured interviews of 215 @entity1 in the postnatal ward of a tertiary hospital, within 72 hours of a vaginal birth. FINDINGS: The structured interviews revealed that 90% of @entity1 reported some perineal @entity158 , with 37% reporting moderate or severe @entity158 . The degree of perineal @entity130 predicted @entity1 's ratings of perineal @entity158 on a visual analogue scale, with more severe @entity130 related to higher @entity158 scores. Over a third of @entity1 experienced moderate or severe perineal @entity158 , particularly when walking (33%) or sitting (39%), while 45% noted that @entity158 interfered with their ability to sleep. @entity1 reported moderate or severe perineal @entity158 when they undertook activities involving feeding their @entity1 (12%) or caring for their @entity1 (12%). @entity1 used a range of @entity1337 , including a combination of ice packs (69%), oral @entity1337 (75%), narcotic @entity1337 (4%) and anti-inflammatory suppositories (25%). The majority of @entity1 rated these forms of @entity1337 as effective and identified very few side effects. KEY CONCLUSIONS: Following vaginal birth, @entity1 commonly reported @entity158 from perineal @entity130 . This @entity158 affected @entity1 's ability to mobilise and was relieved by a variety of agents. Side effects from @entity1337 were rare. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The prevalence of perineal @entity158 and the associated impact on @entity1 's recovery from childbirth warrants midwives' proactive care in offering a range of effective @entity158 relief options to @entity1 .

title: Perineal XXXX following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and @entity1337 usage.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged @entity3034 treatment in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) often leads to the expression of @entity910 known as @entity3034 -induced @entity910 . Recently, dramatic 80Hz oscillatory @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) activity within the primary motor cortex has been linked to @entity910 in a rodent model of @entity191 and attributed to stimulation of cortical @entity935 D1 receptors. To characterize the relationship between high gamma (70-110Hz) cortical activity and the development of @entity3034 -induced @entity910 , cortical @entity2194 and spike signals were recorded in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 treated with @entity3034 for 7days, and @entity910 was quantified using the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) scale. The relationship between high gamma and @entity910 was further probed by assessment of the effects of pharmacological agents known to induce or modulate @entity910 expression. Findings demonstrate that @entity910 and high gamma @entity2194 power increase between days 1 and 7 of @entity3034 priming. Notably, high beta (25-35Hz) power associated with @entity191 decreased as @entity910 and high gamma @entity2194 power increased during priming. After priming, @entity35 were treated with the D1 agonist @entity10432 and the D2 agonist @entity11640 . Both @entity935 agonists independently induced @entity910 and high gamma cortical activity that were similar to that induced by @entity3034 , showing that this @entity2194 activity is neither D1 nor D2 receptor specific. The @entity750 1A receptor agonist @entity10097 reduced @entity3034 - and DA agonist-induced @entity910 and high gamma power to varying degrees, while the @entity750 1A antagonist @entity10098 reversed these effects. Unexpectedly, as cortical high gamma power increased, phase locking of cortical pyramidal spiking to high gamma oscillations decreased, raising questions regarding the neural substrate(s) responsible for high gamma generation and the functional correlation between high gamma and @entity910 .

title: Effects of XXXX priming on cortical high beta and high gamma oscillatory activity in a rodent model of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['LFP', 'local field potential']

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic symptoms', 'abnormal involuntary movements', 'dyskinesia', 'AIMs']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian bradykinesia', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['L-dopa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged @entity3034 treatment in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) often leads to the expression of @entity910 known as @entity3034 -induced @entity910 . Recently, dramatic 80Hz oscillatory @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) activity within the primary motor cortex has been linked to @entity910 in a rodent model of @entity191 and attributed to stimulation of cortical @entity935 D1 receptors. To characterize the relationship between high gamma (70-110Hz) cortical activity and the development of @entity3034 -induced @entity910 , cortical @entity2194 and spike signals were recorded in hemiparkinsonian @entity35 treated with @entity3034 for 7days, and @entity910 was quantified using the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) scale. The relationship between high gamma and @entity910 was further probed by assessment of the effects of pharmacological agents known to induce or modulate @entity910 expression. Findings demonstrate that @entity910 and high gamma @entity2194 power increase between days 1 and 7 of @entity3034 priming. Notably, high beta (25-35Hz) power associated with @entity191 decreased as @entity910 and high gamma @entity2194 power increased during priming. After priming, @entity35 were treated with the D1 agonist @entity10432 and the D2 agonist @entity11640 . Both @entity935 agonists independently induced @entity910 and high gamma cortical activity that were similar to that induced by @entity3034 , showing that this @entity2194 activity is neither D1 nor D2 receptor specific. The @entity750 1A receptor agonist @entity10097 reduced @entity3034 - and DA agonist-induced @entity910 and high gamma power to varying degrees, while the @entity750 1A antagonist @entity10098 reversed these effects. Unexpectedly, as cortical high gamma power increased, phase locking of cortical pyramidal spiking to high gamma oscillations decreased, raising questions regarding the neural substrate(s) responsible for high gamma generation and the functional correlation between high gamma and @entity910 .

title: Effects of @entity3034 priming on cortical high beta and high gamma oscillatory activity in a rodent model of XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of @entity302 ( @entity302 ) for the treatment of @entity20428 . METHODS: We have performed @entity302 to treat @entity20428 using a single three-channel port system with a wound retractor and surgical glove since October 2008. All @entity1 who underwent @entity302 for @entity20428 between October 2008 and September 2009 were included in the study. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records and analyzed demographic data and surgical outcomes including age, medico-surgical illness, surgical indications, operative times and pathologic results. RESULTS: Eighty-six @entity1 underwent @entity302 for @entity20428 . The median age of the @entity1 was 31 years (range 14-78 years), the median body mass index was 21.0 kg/m(2) (range 16.7-32.2 kg/m(2)), and the median operation time was 64.5 min (range 21-176 min). The median @entity190 was 10 ml (range 10-300 ml). The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-7 days). Endometriosis was the most frequently diagnosed etiology (34.9%). Other laparoscopic approaches were employed in two cases (2.3%). There were four cases (4.7%) with complications: three with @entity5280 and one with @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 is a feasible approach for the treatment of @entity20428 .

title: Single port transumbilical laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : a single center experience in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['single port transumbilical laparoscopic surgery', 'SPLS']

entities_list: @entity20428 :: ('MESH:D000291', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal lesions']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

answer: @entity20428 :: (MESH:D000291,Disease) :: ['adnexal lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: Extramammary @entity4261 of the perianal region is a rare finding that often results in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Although the natural history of the disease is not well characterized, it historically has been associated with other @entity5 . This study summarizes the history and treatment of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4261 at a single institution. METHODS: Charts of all @entity1 with a diagnosis of extramammary @entity4261 of the perianal region confirmed or treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1950 and 2000 were reviewed. @entity1 with @entity4261 or @entity1490 were excluded except when @entity4261 of the perianal region was diagnosed first. Whenever possible, follow-up information was updated. Estimates of overall and disease-free survival were made by the method of Kaplan and Meier. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with a median age of 63 years were diagnosed with @entity4261 . Most @entity1 (74 percent) were treated with wide excision. Local recurrence occurred in 37 percent of all @entity1 treated and in 30 percent of @entity1 (6/20) undergoing a wide excision as part of their treatment. An invasive component was identified in 44 percent of @entity1 (12/27) with @entity4261 . Six @entity1 (22 percent) required a colostomy as part of the treatment for their disease. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was used in 22 percent of @entity1 (6/27) who had more aggressive disease. At a median follow-up of 67 months, 56 percent (15/27) had no evidence of disease, and two @entity1 had died of metastatic disease. The overall and disease-free survival at five years was 59 and 64 percent, respectively, which decreased to 33 and 39 percent, respectively, by ten years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4261 is a rare finding even at a large referral center. The disease process is generally a prolonged one marked by frequent recurrences, and the treatment of first choice is wide excision. @entity1 with @entity5 require more extensive surgery. The role of chemoradiotherapy remains undefined in this disease.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['invasive malignancies', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["vulvar Paget's disease", "Perianal Paget's disease", "perianal Paget's disease", "Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['perianal Paget's disease']