abstract: The reproductive cycle of wild @entity95 ( @entity95 ) living in Zembra Island (North Tunisia) is dependent on an external factor, the photoperiod: the gonads are inhibited by long days and stimulated by short days or @entity2493 implants. Here we studied the role of an internal factor, thyroid hormones and the possible thyroid-gonadal interrelationships, in animals captured on Zembra Island and maintained in natural conditions of photoperiod and temperature. We determined the seasonal profile of the thyroid and testis cycles and investigated the effects of castration and thyroidectomy on the seasonal @entity251 and @entity1955 cycles. Plasma @entity1955 and @entity251 levels followed similar, parallel seasonal patterns, with a peak in autumn (October) and low values from January to August. In thyroidectomized animals, plasma @entity251 levels, although significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.001), remained low throughout the 13 mo of the experiment, and no testicular reactivation was observed in the fall. In castrated animals, despite the increase in @entity1955 concentration in the 3 mo following castration (P < 0.01), plasma @entity1955 levels remained low during the 2 yr of the study. We then investigated the combined effects of long days (16L:8D) and moderately high temperature (25 degrees C) on these two endocrine axes. In constant gonado-inhibiting conditions (16L:8D), whether the temperature was kept constantly high or allowed to fluctuate naturally, no reactivation of the thyroid and testicular axes was observed in the fall. In control animals, the peaks of @entity251 and @entity1955 concentrations observed in September were larger (P < 0.001) than those in animals subjected to the same natural photoperiod conditions but with constantly high temperature. The lower level of autumnal testis stimulation (P < 0.001) in animals maintained in conditions of constant high temperature (25 degrees C) may be attributed to the low @entity1955 levels induced by high temperature. These results clearly confirm that the thyroid and testicular cycles display similar seasonal variations and show that the thyroid and gonadal axes are strictly interdependent. This study provides the first demonstration, for a given species, that the seasonal reactivation of gonad activity is controlled by the thyroid, and thyroid activity is controlled by the gonads.

title: Reciprocal interaction between seasonal testis and thyroid activity in Zembra Island wild XXXX ( @entity95 ): effects of castration, thyroidectomy, temperature, and photoperiod.

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Oryctolagus cuniculus']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The reproductive cycle of wild @entity95 ( @entity95 ) living in Zembra Island (North Tunisia) is dependent on an external factor, the photoperiod: the gonads are inhibited by long days and stimulated by short days or @entity2493 implants. Here we studied the role of an internal factor, thyroid hormones and the possible thyroid-gonadal interrelationships, in animals captured on Zembra Island and maintained in natural conditions of photoperiod and temperature. We determined the seasonal profile of the thyroid and testis cycles and investigated the effects of castration and thyroidectomy on the seasonal @entity251 and @entity1955 cycles. Plasma @entity1955 and @entity251 levels followed similar, parallel seasonal patterns, with a peak in autumn (October) and low values from January to August. In thyroidectomized animals, plasma @entity251 levels, although significantly higher than those in controls (P < 0.001), remained low throughout the 13 mo of the experiment, and no testicular reactivation was observed in the fall. In castrated animals, despite the increase in @entity1955 concentration in the 3 mo following castration (P < 0.01), plasma @entity1955 levels remained low during the 2 yr of the study. We then investigated the combined effects of long days (16L:8D) and moderately high temperature (25 degrees C) on these two endocrine axes. In constant gonado-inhibiting conditions (16L:8D), whether the temperature was kept constantly high or allowed to fluctuate naturally, no reactivation of the thyroid and testicular axes was observed in the fall. In control animals, the peaks of @entity251 and @entity1955 concentrations observed in September were larger (P < 0.001) than those in animals subjected to the same natural photoperiod conditions but with constantly high temperature. The lower level of autumnal testis stimulation (P < 0.001) in animals maintained in conditions of constant high temperature (25 degrees C) may be attributed to the low @entity1955 levels induced by high temperature. These results clearly confirm that the thyroid and testicular cycles display similar seasonal variations and show that the thyroid and gonadal axes are strictly interdependent. This study provides the first demonstration, for a given species, that the seasonal reactivation of gonad activity is controlled by the thyroid, and thyroid activity is controlled by the gonads.

title: Reciprocal interaction between seasonal testis and thyroid activity in Zembra Island wild @entity95 ( XXXX ): effects of castration, thyroidectomy, temperature, and photoperiod.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Oryctolagus cuniculus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of intravitreal autologous @entity1351 injection (IVAP) on @entity989 and vitreolysis. METHODS: In this interventional, prospective, case series pilot study, 8 eyes were assigned to IVAP. Plasminogen as centrifuged from the @entity1 ' plasma was converted to @entity1351 by adding urokinase. A total of 0.2 mL extracted @entity1351 was injected intravitreally. @entity20699 ( @entity20699 ) and potential injection-related complications at week 4 were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes included changes in best-corrected visual acuity (VA) (logMAR) and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity1 was 54.35 years. Two @entity1 had complete @entity20699 and 3 @entity1 had partial @entity20699 . Four @entity1 had decrease in @entity1020 . The VA was not changed in 6 @entity1 , improved in 1 @entity1 , and decreased in 1 @entity1 . No @entity1596 , @entity3225 , or postinjection vitreous @entity548 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the efficacy of urokinase-prepared IVAP injection on releasing vitreomacular traction and inducing vitreolysis.

title: Intravitreal autologous XXXX prepared by urokinase for vitreolysis: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['Posterior vitreous detachment', 'PVD']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1351 :: (5340,Gene) :: ['plasmin']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are highly enriched in a rare subset of Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells. Independent of stage of @entity1 development, @entity57599 function segregates to the subset of Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells. However, fetal-derived HSPCs demonstrate distinct self-renewal and differentiation capacities compared with their adult counterparts. Here, to characterize the molecular nature of fetal HSPCs, suppressive subtractive hybridization was used to compare gene expression of HSPCs isolated from fetal blood (FB-HSPCs) versus adult mobilized peripheral blood (MPB-HSPCs). We identified 97 differentially expressed genes that could be annotated into distinct groups that include transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and genes involved in signal transduction. Candidate regulators, such as @entity18281 ( @entity18281 ), @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), @entity42364 ( @entity42364 ), and @entity4180 protooncogene ( @entity4180 ), and a novel homeobox gene product were among transcripts that were found to be differentially expressed and could be associated with specific proliferation and differentiation properties unique to FB-HSPCs. Interestingly, the majority of genes associated with signal transduction belong to Ras pathway, highlighting the significance of Ras signaling in FB-HSPCs. Genes differentially expressed in FB-HSPCs versus adult MPB-HSPCs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). This approach also resulted in the identification of a transcript that is highly expressed in FB-HSPCs but not detectable in more differentiated Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 + FB progenitors. Our investigation represents the first study to compare phenotypically similar, but functionally distinct, @entity57599 populations and to provide a gene profile of unique @entity1 HSPCs with higher proliferative capacity derived from early in utero @entity1 blood development.

title: Differential gene expression of XXXX stem progenitor cells derived from early stages of in utero @entity1 hematopoiesis.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are highly enriched in a rare subset of Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells. Independent of stage of @entity1 development, @entity57599 function segregates to the subset of Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 - cells. However, fetal-derived HSPCs demonstrate distinct self-renewal and differentiation capacities compared with their adult counterparts. Here, to characterize the molecular nature of fetal HSPCs, suppressive subtractive hybridization was used to compare gene expression of HSPCs isolated from fetal blood (FB-HSPCs) versus adult mobilized peripheral blood (MPB-HSPCs). We identified 97 differentially expressed genes that could be annotated into distinct groups that include transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and genes involved in signal transduction. Candidate regulators, such as @entity18281 ( @entity18281 ), @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), @entity42364 ( @entity42364 ), and @entity4180 protooncogene ( @entity4180 ), and a novel homeobox gene product were among transcripts that were found to be differentially expressed and could be associated with specific proliferation and differentiation properties unique to FB-HSPCs. Interestingly, the majority of genes associated with signal transduction belong to Ras pathway, highlighting the significance of Ras signaling in FB-HSPCs. Genes differentially expressed in FB-HSPCs versus adult MPB-HSPCs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). This approach also resulted in the identification of a transcript that is highly expressed in FB-HSPCs but not detectable in more differentiated Lin- @entity2280 + @entity3053 + FB progenitors. Our investigation represents the first study to compare phenotypically similar, but functionally distinct, @entity57599 populations and to provide a gene profile of unique @entity1 HSPCs with higher proliferative capacity derived from early in utero @entity1 blood development.

title: Differential gene expression of @entity1 stem progenitor cells derived from early stages of in utero XXXX hematopoiesis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the examination and intervention strategy utilized in the differential diagnosis and treatment of a @entity1 with @entity158 . BACKGROUND: The @entity1 was a 44-year-old @entity1 with an 8-month history of left @entity158 . He presented with a chief complaint of limited standing and walking tolerance secondary to @entity158 in the left heel. He had not responded to previous treatments of rest, anti-inflammatory medication, @entity821 injections, and exercise prescription. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 's @entity158 was reproduced utilizing the straight leg raise (SLR) in combination with ankle dorsiflexion and eversion to sensitize the tibial nerve. These findings suggested a @entity2244 . Because restricted ankle dorsiflexion, excessive pronation, and posterior tibialis weakness were also found, @entity409 also likely contributed to the etiology of @entity158 . The @entity1 was treated for 10 visits over a period of 1 month. Treatment consisted of active and passive motions aimed at restoring @entity158 -free soft-tissue motion along the course of the tibial nerve. In addition, low-dye taping and therapeutic exercises were utilized to control excessive pronation and reduce stress on the plantar structures of the foot. RESULTS: The @entity1 's SLR increased from 42 degrees to 54 degrees and became @entity158 -free. Dorsiflexion range of motion increased from 3 degrees to 8 degrees in the left ankle, and left posterior tibialis strength was normalized. Over a period of 1 month the @entity1 's symptoms were resolved, and his standing and walking tolerance was fully restored. CONCLUSION: Assessment and potential contribution of @entity409 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity158 .

title: Differential diagnosis and treatment of XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic component to the dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical dysfunctions', 'neural dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heel pain', 'pain', 'subcalcaneal heel pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['subcalcaneal heel pain']


abstract: The present study was conducted to compare ageing phenomena in @entity1 with @entity717 aged 40 years and above living in community residences (n = 29) with those living with their families (n = 31). The goals were to compare the health status between the two types of settings, to compare the health status between the study sample and the general Israeli population of the same age group, and to investigate whether deterioration occurs among the @entity1 in activities of daily living (ADLs), cognitive ability and leisure activity. Health problems had already appeared by 40 years of age among the @entity1 . The most frequent problems were @entity227 (33%), @entity393 (20%) and heart problems (20%). Dental problems were found in 30%. The community-based residence group displayed more medical problems than @entity1 living at home, whereas individuals living at home had more dental problems. The functioning of the @entity1 in the ADL areas was high, with no evident decline reported during the previous 5 years. Concerning leisure time, a decline in functioning in both residential groups was observed, and interestingly, the scores for social life and leisure activities were better for the community-based residential group. There is a need for better dental service provision for @entity1 with @entity717 living at home. The data provided in the current study can serve as a preliminary base for the development of geriatric services for older adults with @entity717 in the community and also provide a basis for further comparison with peers in the general population.

title: Ageing and XXXX in Israel: a study to compare community residence with living at home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairments']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the relative estrogenicity of @entity2082 and @entity8473 and to establish .05 and .1 mg of @entity8473 as standard reference preparations for the comparative study of other compounds. @entity1 were selected from a large group of primary @entity2588 , secondary @entity2588 , and postmenopausal @entity1 . All required hormonal replacement therapy. @entity1 with @entity2008 or those with diminished or abnormal response were excluded. Vaginal cytology was used as the main method for the assessment of the response. Before treatment all had either an @entity3202 pattern (Maturation Index = 50-50-0) or a @entity1184 pattern (MI=5-95-0) with a mean value of 10-87-3 for @entity1 with primary @entity2588 and 18-79-3 in the other 2 groups. @entity1 with a proliferative intermediate cell pattern and postmenopausal @entity1 thought to have continuing endogenous @entity172 activity were omitted. @entity2082 or @entity8473 were given orally in doses of .025, .05, and .1 mg for a period of 10 days during which frequent vaginal smears were made. When cell patterns showed extremely marked cytolysis of the glycogen-containing intermediate cells and a low percentage of karyopyknotic superficial cells these @entity1 were excluded. 40 @entity1 were finally included. The effects of @entity172 on the vaginal epithelium in all 40 @entity1 after 10 days therapy were quite uniform. In those cases showing delayed regression of estrogenic effects 4 mg of @entity18831 was given daily for 10 days. These @entity1 then showed a reduction in the superficial cell percentage accompanied by a shift to the left in the maturation index such as 0-40-60 before to 0-95-5 after treatment. A few @entity1 had an insignificant reduction in the superficial cell percentages. Changes in the percentages of the intermediate type of cells were not significant. The regression was considered to be complete when the smear contained mainly small intermediate cells and parabasal cells with numerous leukocytes and some @entity39 . Both @entity172 preparations produced the same vaginal response at .05 mg doses. Tablets of .05 and .1 mg @entity8473 were chosen for further study. The increase in the superficial cell index to 30 ( @entity168 plus or minus 18.5) following treatment with .05 mg and the increase to 54.1 ( @entity168 plus or minus 26.7) following .1 mg have been adopted as standard vaginal responses. The term estrogenic effect used in vaginal cytology is taken to mean the local vaginal effect induced by @entity172 .

title: A comparative study of the estrogenic potential of two synthetic @entity172 ( XXXX and @entity2082 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethinylestradiol', 'ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity8473 :: ('MESH:D008656', 'Chemical') :: ['mestranol']

entities_list: @entity18831 :: ('MESH:D002715', 'Chemical') :: ['chlormadinone acetate']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity8473 :: (MESH:D008656,Chemical) :: ['mestranol']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the relative estrogenicity of @entity2082 and @entity8473 and to establish .05 and .1 mg of @entity8473 as standard reference preparations for the comparative study of other compounds. @entity1 were selected from a large group of primary @entity2588 , secondary @entity2588 , and postmenopausal @entity1 . All required hormonal replacement therapy. @entity1 with @entity2008 or those with diminished or abnormal response were excluded. Vaginal cytology was used as the main method for the assessment of the response. Before treatment all had either an @entity3202 pattern (Maturation Index = 50-50-0) or a @entity1184 pattern (MI=5-95-0) with a mean value of 10-87-3 for @entity1 with primary @entity2588 and 18-79-3 in the other 2 groups. @entity1 with a proliferative intermediate cell pattern and postmenopausal @entity1 thought to have continuing endogenous @entity172 activity were omitted. @entity2082 or @entity8473 were given orally in doses of .025, .05, and .1 mg for a period of 10 days during which frequent vaginal smears were made. When cell patterns showed extremely marked cytolysis of the glycogen-containing intermediate cells and a low percentage of karyopyknotic superficial cells these @entity1 were excluded. 40 @entity1 were finally included. The effects of @entity172 on the vaginal epithelium in all 40 @entity1 after 10 days therapy were quite uniform. In those cases showing delayed regression of estrogenic effects 4 mg of @entity18831 was given daily for 10 days. These @entity1 then showed a reduction in the superficial cell percentage accompanied by a shift to the left in the maturation index such as 0-40-60 before to 0-95-5 after treatment. A few @entity1 had an insignificant reduction in the superficial cell percentages. Changes in the percentages of the intermediate type of cells were not significant. The regression was considered to be complete when the smear contained mainly small intermediate cells and parabasal cells with numerous leukocytes and some @entity39 . Both @entity172 preparations produced the same vaginal response at .05 mg doses. Tablets of .05 and .1 mg @entity8473 were chosen for further study. The increase in the superficial cell index to 30 ( @entity168 plus or minus 18.5) following treatment with .05 mg and the increase to 54.1 ( @entity168 plus or minus 26.7) following .1 mg have been adopted as standard vaginal responses. The term estrogenic effect used in vaginal cytology is taken to mean the local vaginal effect induced by @entity172 .

title: A comparative study of the estrogenic potential of two synthetic @entity172 ( @entity8473 and XXXX ).

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the relative estrogenicity of @entity2082 and @entity8473 and to establish .05 and .1 mg of @entity8473 as standard reference preparations for the comparative study of other compounds. @entity1 were selected from a large group of primary @entity2588 , secondary @entity2588 , and postmenopausal @entity1 . All required hormonal replacement therapy. @entity1 with @entity2008 or those with diminished or abnormal response were excluded. Vaginal cytology was used as the main method for the assessment of the response. Before treatment all had either an @entity3202 pattern (Maturation Index = 50-50-0) or a @entity1184 pattern (MI=5-95-0) with a mean value of 10-87-3 for @entity1 with primary @entity2588 and 18-79-3 in the other 2 groups. @entity1 with a proliferative intermediate cell pattern and postmenopausal @entity1 thought to have continuing endogenous @entity172 activity were omitted. @entity2082 or @entity8473 were given orally in doses of .025, .05, and .1 mg for a period of 10 days during which frequent vaginal smears were made. When cell patterns showed extremely marked cytolysis of the glycogen-containing intermediate cells and a low percentage of karyopyknotic superficial cells these @entity1 were excluded. 40 @entity1 were finally included. The effects of @entity172 on the vaginal epithelium in all 40 @entity1 after 10 days therapy were quite uniform. In those cases showing delayed regression of estrogenic effects 4 mg of @entity18831 was given daily for 10 days. These @entity1 then showed a reduction in the superficial cell percentage accompanied by a shift to the left in the maturation index such as 0-40-60 before to 0-95-5 after treatment. A few @entity1 had an insignificant reduction in the superficial cell percentages. Changes in the percentages of the intermediate type of cells were not significant. The regression was considered to be complete when the smear contained mainly small intermediate cells and parabasal cells with numerous leukocytes and some @entity39 . Both @entity172 preparations produced the same vaginal response at .05 mg doses. Tablets of .05 and .1 mg @entity8473 were chosen for further study. The increase in the superficial cell index to 30 ( @entity168 plus or minus 18.5) following treatment with .05 mg and the increase to 54.1 ( @entity168 plus or minus 26.7) following .1 mg have been adopted as standard vaginal responses. The term estrogenic effect used in vaginal cytology is taken to mean the local vaginal effect induced by @entity172 .

title: A comparative study of the estrogenic potential of two synthetic XXXX ( @entity8473 and @entity2082 ).

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: Progress of essential steps of the capacitation is coordinated in the oviductal isthmus, where sperm are stored in close contact with the epithelium. A crucial capacitational event is the phosphorylation of sperm membrane proteins. Regulation of the @entity4149 phosphorylation by the oviduct has not been examined in @entity235 sperm yet. The aim of this work was to study the effect of @entity235 sperm binding to porcine oviductal epithelium on capacitation-induced cellular and molecular changes. Epithelial cells were stripped from the oviducts of post-puberal sows and cultured for 5-7 days at 39 degrees C and 5% @entity3158 on Biomatrix-covered Chamber slides. Sperm washed through Percoll was co-incubated with the oviductal epithelium cell cultures in a @entity3157 Tyrode's medium. During co-incubation, sperm membrane changes, the state of @entity4149 phosphorylation and motility were determined after 3, 30, 90, 180, 240 and 360 min. Significant increases in the percentage of capacitated and dead cells were observed in unbound sperm, while bound sperm remained uncapacitated, live and motile. An increasing @entity4149 phosphorylation of tail proteins in bound, unbound and control sperm suspensions and a subsequent phosphorylation of head proteins in unbound and control sperm suspensions were observed. A significant difference regarding head phosphorylation (p < 0.05) was found between sperm bound to oviductal epithelium and unbound sperm. Binding occurred mainly in sperm with non- phosphorylated heads, while higher proportions of phosphorylated cells were found in unbound populations. The head phosphorylation progressed significantly during incubation in unbound spermatozoa (p < 0.05); however, it was suppressed in population of sperm attached to oviductal epithelium. Significant correlations between motility parameters related to hyperactivation and tail phosphorylation were found in unbound sperm. These observations support the hypothesis that spermatozoa with non-phosphorylated heads preferentially attach to epithelial cells. It can be concluded that @entity4149 phosphorylation of head membrane proteins and capacitation are delayed in @entity235 spermatozoa being in closed contact with oviductal epithelium.

title: Regulation of capacitation of XXXX spermatozoa during co-culture with heterologous oviductal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was one of the earliest ablative techniques applied to @entity355 . The rationale for this use was the ability to treat large amounts of esophageal mucosa in a single rapid application. Additionally, PDT has the ability to treat @entity189 and @entity6349 tissue. Because a small @entity189 in @entity355 cannot not be excluded, PDT therapy is a reasonable treatment in this setting. The treatment involves the use of a light and drug combination that must be administered with close attention to dosimetry, since tissue effects of the therapy are delayed and cannot be observed at the time of treatment. Drug administration of @entity1372 porfimer should precede photoradiation by 48 hours. Overall results with this treatment have been good. Case series have established a success rate of 88% to 100% in elimination of high-grade @entity1141 . The only randomized multi-center prospective trial in the treatment of @entity355 with high-grade @entity1141 has established that the treatment eliminates high-grade @entity1141 better than administration of proton pump inhibitors alone. Unfortunately, there are significant adverse events, including cutaneous photosensitivity, odynophagia, @entity850 formation, and lack of response.

title: Photodynamic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["dysplastic Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'early carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although it has been suggested that overweight and @entity28 @entity1 have an increased risk of @entity174 , recent studies in post-menopausal @entity1 have shown that the relationship between @entity28 and @entity174 risk varies by @entity174 site. We therefore assessed whether adiposity and overweight/ @entity28 prevalence differed by @entity3140 site in @entity1 . METHODS: Height, weight, BMI, triceps and subscapular @entity121 ( @entity121 ) were measured in @entity1 aged 3-18 years with an acute @entity3140 . Data was compared across three @entity174 sites (hand, forearm and upper arm/shoulder [UA]), and to published reference data. RESULTS: 401 @entity1 (67.1% male, median age 11.71 years, range 3.54-17.27 years) participated. 34.2%, 50.6% and 15.2% had @entity174 of the hand, forearm and UA, respectively. @entity1 with @entity174 had higher weight, BMI, subscapular @entity121 and fat percentage z-scores than those with UA @entity174 (p<0.05 for all). @entity121 and fat percentage z-scores were also higher in @entity1 with @entity174 compared to hand @entity174 , but @entity1 with hand and UA @entity174 did not differ. Overweight and @entity28 prevalence was higher in @entity1 with @entity174 (37.6%) than those with UA @entity174 (19.0%, p=0.009). This prevalence was also higher than the published United Kingdom population prevalence (27.9%, p=0.003), whereas that of @entity1 with either UA (p=0.13) or hand @entity174 (29.1%, p=0.76) did not differ. These differences in anthropometry and overweight/ @entity28 prevalence by @entity174 site were evident in @entity1 , but not present in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Measurements of adiposity and the prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 differ by @entity174 site in @entity1 , and in particular @entity1 , with @entity3140 .

title: Differences in childhood adiposity influence XXXX site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'forearm fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb fracture', 'upper limb fractures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['skinfold thickness', 'SFT']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepaticojejunostomy is the 'gold standard' procedure for repairing iatrogenic bile duct @entity130 . The aim of this study was to examine the long-term outcome following hepaticojejunostomy for @entity1157 and the utility of routine construction of an access loop. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity130 were treated with hepaticojejunostomy and access loop by a single surgeon. Injuries were classified according to the @entity1535 level. An 'excellent' outcome was achieved if the @entity1 never experienced @entity1087 or @entity255 in the follow-up period, and the outcome was 'good' if the @entity1 developed symptoms but was asymptomatic for more than 12 months. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 underwent such operation. There was one @entity204 . Thirty-three @entity1 were followed for 3 years or more (mean follow-up 80.4 (range 46-118) months). Thirteen of the 33 @entity130 were @entity1535 level II, 13 were @entity1535 level III and seven were @entity1535 level IV. Outcome was dependent on the @entity1535 level (P < 0.001). It was excellent in all 13 @entity1 with @entity1535 level II @entity130 , excellent in seven and good in six of the 13 @entity1 with @entity1535 level III @entity130 , and excellent in one and good in six of the seven @entity1 with @entity1535 level IV @entity130 . Moreover, the need for access loop intervention was dependent on the @entity1535 level (P < 0.001). No @entity1 with @entity1535 level II injury required intervention, compared with five of 13 with @entity1535 level III and six of seven with @entity1535 level IV @entity130 . CONCLUSION: Biliary reconstruction affords satisfactory long-term outcome. The likelihood of needing the access loop for radiological intervention is dependent on the @entity1535 level. The authors recommend that an access loop be constructed in all @entity1 with @entity1535 level III and IV @entity130 .

title: Long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomy with routine access loop formation following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic biliary injuries', 'injuries']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic bile duct injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CCTA-derived @entity850 predictors including CT-FFR for the detection of @entity63 -inducing @entity850 compared to invasive FFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stenosis parameters were assessed using dual-source CT (DSCT). All @entity1 underwent both CCTA and invasive FFR within 3 months and were retrospectively analyzed. Observers visually assessed all CCTA studies and performed multiple lesion measurements. Lesion length/minimal luminal diameter(4) (LL/ @entity8431 (4)), transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG), corrected coronary attenuation (CCO) and CT-FFR were calculated. RESULTS: The cohort included 32 @entity1 (58  12 years, 66%male). Among 32 coronary lesions, 8 (25%) were considered hemodynamically significant with an FFR <0.80. Compared to invasive FFR, the per-vessel sensitivity and specificity of CCTA, CT-FFR, LL/ @entity8431 (4), CCO and TAG for detecting hemodynamically significant lesions were 100% and 54%, 100% and 91%, 85% and 92%, 66% and 88%, 37% and 58%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analysis resulted in an area under the curve of 0.91 for CT-FFR (p=0.0005), 0.88 for LL/ @entity8431 (4) (p<0.0001), 0.85 for CCO (p<0.0001). TAG with an AUC of 0.67 (p=0.152) was unable to discriminate between vessels with or without hemodynamically significant lesions. CONCLUSION: CT-FFR, LL/ @entity8431 (4) and CCO provide enhanced diagnostic performance over CCTA analysis alone for discrimination of hemodynamically significant @entity3979 .

title: Diagnostic value of quantitative XXXX predictors with coronary CT angiography compared to invasive fractional flow reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prognostic impact of different histological classifications of @entity356 . METHODS: Between 1993-2000, 94 @entity1 with @entity356 were studied. @entity5 were classified according to TNM staging, WHO, Lauren and Goseki classifications. Twenty five @entity1 (27%) had a proximal @entity5 and 69 (73%) a @entity5 . Intestinal type according to Lauren were more often observed among the proximal @entity189 (19/25) than in distal ones (32/69) (P=0.01). According to Goseki, lymph node @entity3 were less frequently found in group III (5/13) than in other groups (64/81) (P=0.033). The mean follow-up was 23 months. Survical was not influenced by WHO, Lauren, and Goseki classifications. Survival significantly varied according to the different groups of the TNM classification. The proximal location of the @entity5 was associated with poorer prognosis than distal location (P=0.0373). Number of metastatic lymph nodes, invasion of perineurium, and vascular invasion had significant prognostic @entity189 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that @entity356 should be divided into proximal and @entity5 using the Goseki classification in addition to the Lauren classification because the Goseki classification recognizes @entity5 groups with different dissemination routes.

title: [Correlation of histological classifications of XXXX with location and prognosis].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'distal tumor', 'distal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'value in proximal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to review the experience of the authors in the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of @entity154 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of different types of @entity154 in 8 @entity1 . All @entity1 in this series previously wore obturators as a nonsurgical treatment of their defects. Criteria used to evaluate the results of this technique included flap @entity39 , @entity2103 , limitation of mandibular range of motion, and @entity85 from scarring of the incision line or from loss of muscle volume in the temporal fossa. The @entity1 were also evaluated for their degree of satisfaction with their speech and mastication with the obturator preoperatively and with the flap postoperatively. This article also reviews the success rates and complications with use of the temporalis muscle flap reported in the English-language literature during the past 14 years. RESULTS: All 8 @entity1 in this series had their defects successfully reconstructed, completely eliminating any further need for prosthetic obturation of the defect. There were no incidents of flap @entity39 , @entity2103 , or long-term changes in mandibular range of motion. Slight temporal hollowing was seen in the first 3 @entity1 . Results of the literature review also showed a high success rate and a low incidence of complications with use of this flap. CONCLUSIONS: The temporalis flap is a useful, reliable, and versatile option for reconstruction of moderate to large sized defects. The muscle can provide abundant tissue, with minimal to no functional morbidity or @entity85 in the donor site.

title: The temporalis muscle flap in reconstruction of XXXX : an appraisal of the technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral defects']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['esthetic deformity', 'cosmetic deformity']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['intraoral defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preterm premature @entity397 on the frequency of @entity649 among singleton pregnancies that are complicated with @entity3152 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of singleton pregnancies that were delivered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. @entity1 were categorized on the basis of membrane integrity into two groups: ruptured versus intact. All @entity1 received prophylactic antibiotics and a single course of antenatal @entity5935 . Data were analyzed with the Student t test, the chi(2) test, and the Fisher exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of possible confounding variables that were considered risk factors for @entity649 . Probability values of <.05 for all two-tailed tests were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 366 @entity1 were included (99 @entity1 in the preterm premature @entity397 group and 267 @entity1 in the intact membranes group). @entity1 were delivered at 30.7 +/- 2.9 and 30.1 +/- 2.7 (mean +/- SD) weeks of gestation, with birth weights of 1620 +/- 594 and 1417 +/- 501 g, respectively. The frequency of @entity649 in the neonate was significantly lower in the preterm premature @entity397 group than in their intact counterparts (17% vs 39%, P <.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that preterm premature @entity397 (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.34) was independently associated with a reduction in the frequency of @entity649 . CONCLUSION: In the clinical setting of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation, preterm premature @entity397 is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of neonatal @entity649 .

title: Preterm premature XXXX is associated with a reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the membranes']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of the membranes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An overgrowth of coccoid bacilli in the absence of lactobacilli ( @entity6981 ) is considered a sign of a "disturbed" vaginal ecologic system. The aim of this study was to establish the baseline prevalence of @entity281 and of a disturbed vaginal ecologic system and their relationship to urbanization. STUDY DESIGN: More than 190,000 cervical smears were screened by 1 cytology laboratory in the context of the Dutch national screening programs. The @entity1 who were symptom free and had been registered in the statutory files of municipal units were screened by invitation. Urbanization (place of residence) was derived from the postal code. To investigate a trend in prevalence in relation to urbanization, Schaafsma's method was used. RESULTS: @entity6981 had the highest score per 1000 screened @entity1 (36.1), followed by Candida (12.6). Higher prevalence of @entity1082 , @entity6981 , and Trichomonas was related to urbanization as was, whereas Candida was not. CONCLUSION: @entity1082 and Trichomonas are more frequently found in @entity1 who live in the large cities, which in The Netherlands also harbor the high-risk population for premalignant cytologic evidence. Our findings concerning the baseline prevalence pattern of @entity6981 support the hypothesis of the importance of a disturbed bacterial ecologic system in cervical @entity105 .

title: Urbanization and baseline prevalence of @entity281 including Candida, Trichomonas, and XXXX and of a disturbed vaginal ecology as established in the Dutch Cervical Screening Program.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['genital infections']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An overgrowth of coccoid bacilli in the absence of lactobacilli ( @entity6981 ) is considered a sign of a "disturbed" vaginal ecologic system. The aim of this study was to establish the baseline prevalence of @entity281 and of a disturbed vaginal ecologic system and their relationship to urbanization. STUDY DESIGN: More than 190,000 cervical smears were screened by 1 cytology laboratory in the context of the Dutch national screening programs. The @entity1 who were symptom free and had been registered in the statutory files of municipal units were screened by invitation. Urbanization (place of residence) was derived from the postal code. To investigate a trend in prevalence in relation to urbanization, Schaafsma's method was used. RESULTS: @entity6981 had the highest score per 1000 screened @entity1 (36.1), followed by Candida (12.6). Higher prevalence of @entity1082 , @entity6981 , and Trichomonas was related to urbanization as was, whereas Candida was not. CONCLUSION: @entity1082 and Trichomonas are more frequently found in @entity1 who live in the large cities, which in The Netherlands also harbor the high-risk population for premalignant cytologic evidence. Our findings concerning the baseline prevalence pattern of @entity6981 support the hypothesis of the importance of a disturbed bacterial ecologic system in cervical @entity105 .

title: Urbanization and baseline prevalence of XXXX including Candida, Trichomonas, and @entity1082 and of a disturbed vaginal ecology as established in the Dutch Cervical Screening Program.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['genital infections']


abstract: The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of @entity7459 and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 mu) on @entity1576 and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15-72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk-1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer--the authors monitored each @entity1 's house to measure @entity7459 (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (microgram/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic @entity1576 , daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of @entity1576 during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to @entity7459 ( @entity7459 --index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as "low" or "high" on the basis of the median value. The median @entity7459 was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest @entity7459 levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 micrograms/m3 in winter and 45 micrograms/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and "high" @entity7459 and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the "high" respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the @entity7459 --index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic @entity1576 (i.e., @entity565 and @entity3617 ). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and @entity1576 and peak expiratory flow in adults.

title: The Po River Delta (north Italy) indoor epidemiological study: effects of pollutant exposure on XXXX and respiratory function in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory symptoms', 'respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory symptoms']


abstract: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) requires molecular @entity26 during light irradiation to generate reactive @entity26 species. @entity5 @entity519 , either preexisting or induced by @entity34 , can severely hamper the effectiveness of @entity34 . Lowering the light irradiation dose rate or fractionating a light dose may improve cell kill of @entity34 -induced @entity519 cells but will have no effect on preexisting @entity519 cells. In this study hyperoxygenation technique was used during @entity34 to overcome @entity519 . C3H @entity19 with transplanted mammary @entity5 were injected with 12.5 mg/kg @entity17654 and irradiated with 630 nm laser light 24 h later. @entity5 oxygenation was manipulated by subjecting the animals to 3 atp (atmospheric pressure) hyperbaric @entity26 or normobaric @entity26 during @entity34 light irradiation. The results show a significant improvement in @entity5 response when @entity34 was delivered during hyperoxygenation. With hyperoxygenation up to 80% of treated @entity5 showed no regrowth after 60 days. In comparison, when animals breathed room air, only 20% of treated @entity5 did not regrow. To explore the effect of hyperoxygenation on @entity5 oxygenation, @entity5 partial @entity26 pressure was measured with microelectrodes positioned in preexisting @entity519 regions before and during the @entity34 . The results show that hyperoxygenation may oxygenate preexisting @entity519 cells and compensate for @entity26 depletion induced by @entity34 light irradiation. In conclusion, hyperoxygenation may provide effective ways to improve @entity34 efficiency by oxygenating both preexisting and treatment-induced cell @entity519 .

title: Improvement of XXXX response by manipulation of @entity5 oxygenation during photodynamic therapy.

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'carcinoma tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) requires molecular @entity26 during light irradiation to generate reactive @entity26 species. @entity5 @entity519 , either preexisting or induced by @entity34 , can severely hamper the effectiveness of @entity34 . Lowering the light irradiation dose rate or fractionating a light dose may improve cell kill of @entity34 -induced @entity519 cells but will have no effect on preexisting @entity519 cells. In this study hyperoxygenation technique was used during @entity34 to overcome @entity519 . C3H @entity19 with transplanted mammary @entity5 were injected with 12.5 mg/kg @entity17654 and irradiated with 630 nm laser light 24 h later. @entity5 oxygenation was manipulated by subjecting the animals to 3 atp (atmospheric pressure) hyperbaric @entity26 or normobaric @entity26 during @entity34 light irradiation. The results show a significant improvement in @entity5 response when @entity34 was delivered during hyperoxygenation. With hyperoxygenation up to 80% of treated @entity5 showed no regrowth after 60 days. In comparison, when animals breathed room air, only 20% of treated @entity5 did not regrow. To explore the effect of hyperoxygenation on @entity5 oxygenation, @entity5 partial @entity26 pressure was measured with microelectrodes positioned in preexisting @entity519 regions before and during the @entity34 . The results show that hyperoxygenation may oxygenate preexisting @entity519 cells and compensate for @entity26 depletion induced by @entity34 light irradiation. In conclusion, hyperoxygenation may provide effective ways to improve @entity34 efficiency by oxygenating both preexisting and treatment-induced cell @entity519 .

title: Improvement of @entity5 response by manipulation of XXXX oxygenation during photodynamic therapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We evaluated the topographic relations between @entity669 hydroxylase (TH)- and/or aromatic @entity14890 decarboxylase ( @entity70564 )-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN), as well as between TH- and/or @entity70564 -immunoreactive axons in the median eminence (ME) in @entity35 at the 21st embryonic day, 9th postnatal day, and in adulthood. The double-immunofluorescent technique in combination with confocal microscopy was used. Occasional bienzymatic neurons but numerous monoenzymatic TH- or @entity70564 -immunoreactive neurons were observed in fetuses. There was almost no overlap in the distribution of monoenzymatic neurons, and therefore few appositions were observed in between. In postnatal animals, numerous bienzymatic neurons appeared in addition to monoenzymatic neurons. They were distributed throughout the AN resulting in the increased frequency of appositions. Furthermore, specialized-like contacts between monoenzymatic TH- and @entity70564 -immunoreactive neurons appeared. The quantification of the fibers in the ME showed that there were large specific areas of the monoenzymatic TH-immunoreactive fibers and bienzymatic fibers in fetuses, followed by the gradual reduction of the former and the increase of the latter to adulthood. The specific area of the monoenzymatic @entity70564 -immunoreactive fibers in fetuses was rather low, and thereafter increased progressively to adulthood. The fibers of all the types were in apposition in the ME at each studied age. Close topographic relations between the neurons containing individual complementary enzymes of @entity935 synthesis at the level of cell bodies and axons suggest functional interaction in between.

title: Neurons possessing enzymes of XXXX synthesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of @entity35 . Topographic relations and axonal projections to the median eminence in ontogenesis.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: We evaluated the topographic relations between @entity669 hydroxylase (TH)- and/or aromatic @entity14890 decarboxylase ( @entity70564 )-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN), as well as between TH- and/or @entity70564 -immunoreactive axons in the median eminence (ME) in @entity35 at the 21st embryonic day, 9th postnatal day, and in adulthood. The double-immunofluorescent technique in combination with confocal microscopy was used. Occasional bienzymatic neurons but numerous monoenzymatic TH- or @entity70564 -immunoreactive neurons were observed in fetuses. There was almost no overlap in the distribution of monoenzymatic neurons, and therefore few appositions were observed in between. In postnatal animals, numerous bienzymatic neurons appeared in addition to monoenzymatic neurons. They were distributed throughout the AN resulting in the increased frequency of appositions. Furthermore, specialized-like contacts between monoenzymatic TH- and @entity70564 -immunoreactive neurons appeared. The quantification of the fibers in the ME showed that there were large specific areas of the monoenzymatic TH-immunoreactive fibers and bienzymatic fibers in fetuses, followed by the gradual reduction of the former and the increase of the latter to adulthood. The specific area of the monoenzymatic @entity70564 -immunoreactive fibers in fetuses was rather low, and thereafter increased progressively to adulthood. The fibers of all the types were in apposition in the ME at each studied age. Close topographic relations between the neurons containing individual complementary enzymes of @entity935 synthesis at the level of cell bodies and axons suggest functional interaction in between.

title: Neurons possessing enzymes of @entity935 synthesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of XXXX . Topographic relations and axonal projections to the median eminence in ontogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of locoregional therapy in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with and without @entity6687 ( @entity6687 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent locoregional therapy for @entity157 were identified from institutional databases. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity6687 . Survival and progression were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was completed. RESULTS: Of 224 @entity1 , 39 (17%) had radiologic evidence of @entity6687 . @entity1 without @entity6687 were older than @entity1 with @entity6687 (68.8 y    10.1 vs 65.0 y    11.7, P = .04); underlying @entity409 characteristics were not different. Type of locoregional therapy (hepatic artery embolization vs drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, P = .12; radiofrequency ablation + embolization, P = .07) was similar. Progression occurred in 75% (169/224) of @entity1 . Progression-free survival (PFS) did not differ between the 2 groups (13 [10.3-15.7] mo @entity6687 vs18 [14.6-21.4] mo no @entity6687 , P = .13). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 13 (4.1-21.9) months and 25 (20.4-29.6) months in the @entity6687 and no @entity6687 groups, respectively (P = .02). On multivariate analysis, systemic therapy after locoregional treatment was the only variable independently associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [0.49-1.00], P = .04); @entity6687 (HR 1.60 [1.02-2.50], P = .04) and @entity5 size (HR 1.77 [1.21-2.58], P = .003) were independently associated with worse @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity157 and limited @entity6687 treated with locoregional therapy had worse @entity1349 than @entity1 without @entity6687 ; PFS was not different. Use of systemic therapy after locoregional therapy was independently associated with improved PFS in this cohort. Further prospective studies of locoregional, systemic, and combination therapies are necessary to improve outcome in these high-risk @entity1 .

title: Locoregional Therapy for XXXX with and without Extrahepatic Spread.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease/function and tumor']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['EHD', 'extrahepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A few reports have addressed the sex-related efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to treat advanced @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The present study evaluates the sex-related prognostic factors for STN-DBS outcomes. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive @entity1 (48 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) were reviewed retrospectively. Changes in the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale scores were compared between @entity1 and @entity1 in the 6-month drug-off/DBS-on state relative to the preoperative drug-off baseline. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the preoperative factors predictive of motor improvements after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, the male and female @entity1 groups were comparable in clinical severity, except the @entity1 were associated with slightly inferior cognition (P < 0.05) and a relatively better response to @entity3034 (LD) (P < 0.05) than the @entity1 . Both sexes showed similar clinical improvements after STN-DBS therapy. In @entity1 , preoperative lower LD requirement and higher motor dysfunction, particularly @entity400 (adjusted R(2) = 0.613, P < 0.001), as well as greater improvement in @entity400 and @entity2003 after LD therapy (adjusted R(2) = 0.232, P = 0.001) were favorable predictors of surgical outcomes. @entity1 achieved a significant improvement if they performed well in activities of daily living even with higher baseline motor scores (adjusted R(2) = 0.620, P < 0.001), or exhibited improvements in @entity910 disability after preoperative LD therapy (adjusted R(2) = 0.305, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: STN-DBS therapy is equally beneficial for both sexes. Sex-related differences exist with regard to favorable prognostic predictors for early surgical outcomes.

title: Sex-Related Prognostic Predictors for XXXX Undergoing Subthalamic Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity20699 ( @entity20699 ) induced by intravitreal injections of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) agents in cases of neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Cohort study conducted at a single tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. @entity1 : A total of 396 eyes of 295 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1020 between 2009 and 2014. A total of 125 eyes of 112 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this study. METHODS: This study included @entity1 with @entity1020 who presented @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline. Eyes with @entity1104 were classified according to the diameter of vitreous attachment to the macular surface measured by OCT, with attachment of  <=1500  m defined as focal and attachment of >1500  m defined as broad. All @entity1 received at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 agents. Follow-up visits were performed 1 month after each intravitreal injection and included OCT analysis to evaluate the incidence of @entity20699 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior vitreous detachment induced by anti- @entity7 injections. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 21.3 months (range, 3-59 months). The mean number of intravitreal injections was 8.3 (range, 3-29 injections). Intravitreal drugs used in the study were ranibizumab (51.5%), bevacizumab (33.5%), and aflibercept (15.0%). Seven eyes (5.6%) developed @entity20699 after intravitreal drug injection (3 eyes after the first intravitreal injection: bevacizumab in 1 and ranibizumab in 2; 2 eyes after the second injection: ranibizumab in 1 and bevacizumab in 1; 1 eye after the fourth injection: ranibizumab; and 1 eye after the sixth injection: aflibercept). A total of 118 eyes remained with persistent @entity1104 . All 7 eyes that developed @entity20699 were classified as having focal @entity1104 , with the diameter of vitreous attachment ranging from 210 to 1146  m (mean, 600  m). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of commonly used anti- @entity7 intravitreal drugs rarely induce @entity20699 in @entity1 with @entity1020 . Eyes with focal @entity1104 have a greater chance to develop @entity20699 than eyes with a broad area of @entity1104 .

title: Vitreomacular Interface after Anti- XXXX Injections in  Neovascular Age-Related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['vitreomacular adhesion', 'VMA']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'posterior vitreous detachment']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular AMD', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity20699 ( @entity20699 ) induced by intravitreal injections of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) agents in cases of neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Cohort study conducted at a single tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. @entity1 : A total of 396 eyes of 295 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1020 between 2009 and 2014. A total of 125 eyes of 112 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this study. METHODS: This study included @entity1 with @entity1020 who presented @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline. Eyes with @entity1104 were classified according to the diameter of vitreous attachment to the macular surface measured by OCT, with attachment of  <=1500  m defined as focal and attachment of >1500  m defined as broad. All @entity1 received at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of anti- @entity7 agents. Follow-up visits were performed 1 month after each intravitreal injection and included OCT analysis to evaluate the incidence of @entity20699 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior vitreous detachment induced by anti- @entity7 injections. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 21.3 months (range, 3-59 months). The mean number of intravitreal injections was 8.3 (range, 3-29 injections). Intravitreal drugs used in the study were ranibizumab (51.5%), bevacizumab (33.5%), and aflibercept (15.0%). Seven eyes (5.6%) developed @entity20699 after intravitreal drug injection (3 eyes after the first intravitreal injection: bevacizumab in 1 and ranibizumab in 2; 2 eyes after the second injection: ranibizumab in 1 and bevacizumab in 1; 1 eye after the fourth injection: ranibizumab; and 1 eye after the sixth injection: aflibercept). A total of 118 eyes remained with persistent @entity1104 . All 7 eyes that developed @entity20699 were classified as having focal @entity1104 , with the diameter of vitreous attachment ranging from 210 to 1146  m (mean, 600  m). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of commonly used anti- @entity7 intravitreal drugs rarely induce @entity20699 in @entity1 with @entity1020 . Eyes with focal @entity1104 have a greater chance to develop @entity20699 than eyes with a broad area of @entity1104 .

title: Vitreomacular Interface after Anti- @entity7 Injections in  Neovascular Age-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine oncological and neuromorbidity outcomes in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 (stage IVB) requiring sacrifice and reconstruction of the carotid artery. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Overall, 51 @entity1 underwent carotid artery sacrifice during surgical treatment of the neck, in both the primary and salvage setting. All @entity1 underwent autogenous in-line carotid artery bypass grafting with either saphenous vein or the deep femoral vein in conjunction with vascular surgery. In all, the study included 39 males and 12 female subjects, with age ranging from 39 to 82 (mean, 62.7). RESULTS: Two @entity1 (3.9%) had a cerebral vascular accident in the immediate postoperative period. The remaining 49 @entity1 (96%) had no neurologic sequela. Serial ultrasonic evaluation revealed 4 @entity1 with intra-luminal thrombus within the site of reconstruction. Perioperative mortality occurred in a single @entity1 . Disease-related mortality occurred in 9.8% (5) of @entity1 , with an overall 2-year survival of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: We presently report the largest series of surgical treatment for advanced @entity135 with carotid artery involvement. We document an overall 2-year survival of 82% in the setting of low perioperative neuromorbidity and mortality rates. We therefore consider carotid artery sacrifice and autogenous vein graft reconstruction in the absence of distant metastatic disease as a viable treatment option for what was once thought to be a palliative procedure.

title: Carotid Artery Sacrifice and Reconstruction in the Setting of Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Collagenase-3, a matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity1550 ) that can degrade collagen II and aggrecan, is produced by osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and may contribute to matrix destruction in this disease. Our laboratory has previously identified a specific endocytotic receptor for collagenase-3 on osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells, which couples with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ( @entity8993 ) to mediate the internalization and degradation of this enzyme. We hypothesized that the activity of this receptor system is reduced in OA chondrocytes which may lead to increased local extracellular levels of collagenase-3 and increased destruction of the cartilage matrix at pericellular sites. METHODS: @entity1 chondrocytes and synoviocytes were obtained from OA knees at the time of joint replacement surgery and from non-arthritic control specimens following autopsy or surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to measure collagenase-3 secreted from primary cultures. Iodinated collagenase-3 was used to analyze the cell-surface binding, internalization and intracellular degradation of collagenase-3. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm chondrocyte phenotype and the expression of collagenase-3 and @entity8993 mRNAs. RESULTS: OA chondrocytes and synoviocytes demonstrated significantly reduced (75-77%) binding of recombinant 125I collagenase-3. Internalization and degradation of the ligand was also significantly reduced (64-72%) in OA cells. Collagenase-3 removal was inhibited by the @entity8993 receptor-associated protein ( @entity541 ). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a mechanism whereby impaired receptor-mediated removal of collagenase-3 in OA chondrocytes may lead to enhanced local degradation of the cartilage matrix. This work also implicates an LRP family member in endocytotic receptor-mediated collagenase-3 processing and suggests a novel therapeutic target for OA.

title: Impairment of the collagenase-3 endocytotic receptor system in cells from XXXX with osteoarthritis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of endoscopic surveillance in predicting organ preservation and survival after primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for @entity418 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity418 were treated with primary CRT between May 1993 and April 1999 with curative intent and subsequent surveillance with endoscopy and CT scans. @entity1 with @entity66 on endoscopy and/or CT 6 weeks after CRT were considered for immediate esophagectomy. The remaining @entity1 continued endoscopic surveillance and were considered for esophagectomy only when local relapse was detected. Five-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors associated with disease-specific survival. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 62 months, the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%-43%) and 37% (95% CI: 22%-50%), respectively. Fourteen of 24 (58%) @entity1 who survived more than 2 years did not require an esophagectomy. On univariate analysis, favorable prognostic factors for disease-specific survival were female gender (p = 0.026), CT-defined N(0) status (p = 0.027), and negative endoscopy at 6 weeks after CRT (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, N(0) status and negative endoscopy after CRT remained significant (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively) for disease-specific survival. On multivariate analysis for overall survival, female gender and negative endoscopy were significant (p = 0.35 and p < 0.001, respectively). The hazard ratios for disease-specific survival with positive nodal status and positive endoscopy were 2.44 (95% CI: 1.14-5.3) and 5.18 (95% CI: 2.3-11.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic response after primary CRT for @entity418 was the most significant predictive factor for overall and disease-specific survival. Regular endoscopic surveillance after CRT achieved survival rates comparable to other strategies and successfully preserved the esophagus in the majority of @entity1 who survived more than 2 years.

title: Endoscopic response predicts for survival and organ preservation after primary chemoradiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the value of CT-determined @entity5 perfusion as a predictive factor of local and regional failure and cause-specific survival in @entity135 treated by radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 105 @entity1 , the perfusion of a primary @entity213 was estimated using dynamic CT. A contrast agent bolus was rapidly injected i.v., while during the first pass a dynamic data acquisition was performed at the level of the largest axial @entity5 surface. The perfusion in the selected @entity5 region of interest was calculated by dividing the slope of the @entity5 -time density curve by the maximal value in arterial density. Primary and nodal @entity5 volume was calculated from the CT images. All @entity1 were treated by radiotherapy with curative intent; in 15 @entity1 , adjuvant concomitant chemotherapy was administered. Mean follow-up time was 2.2 years. Actuarial (life-table) statistical analysis was done; multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: When the @entity1 were stratified according to the median perfusion value (83.5 mL/min/100 g), those with the lower perfusion rate had a significantly higher local failure rate (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, perfusion rate (p = 0.01) and T category (p = 0.03) were found to be the independent predictors of local failure. Perfusion rate had predictive value regarding neither regional control nor cause-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: CT-determined @entity5 perfusion rate was found to be an independent predictor of local outcome in irradiated @entity135 . The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that less-perfused @entity5 respond poorly to radiotherapy.

title: Tumor perfusion rate determined noninvasively by dynamic computed tomography predicts outcome in XXXX after radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic @entity6713 for treatment of @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 . METHODS: A total of 576 consecutive @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were @entity548 (239 @entity1 ) and prolapse (337 @entity1 ). The severity of the @entity6713 was classified by using the grading system of Goligher. RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated by the same operator. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (range 8 to 24 months). The mean number of band ligations per session was 2.86. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.24. At least one grade reduction in the severity of the @entity6713 was achieved in most @entity1 (93.58%). Moreover, @entity548 was controlled in 228 @entity1 (95.4%), and rectal prolapse was reduced in 310 @entity1 (91.99%). After treatment, 85 @entity1 experienced anal @entity158 , 37 had mild @entity548 , 4 developed external @entity715 , and one had a peri-anal abscess. The latter 5 @entity1 were treated surgically and recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity6713 is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 .

title: Endoscopic XXXX of symptomatic internal @entity6713 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoidal ligation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal thrombosis']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoidal ligation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic @entity6713 for treatment of @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 . METHODS: A total of 576 consecutive @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were @entity548 (239 @entity1 ) and prolapse (337 @entity1 ). The severity of the @entity6713 was classified by using the grading system of Goligher. RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated by the same operator. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (range 8 to 24 months). The mean number of band ligations per session was 2.86. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.24. At least one grade reduction in the severity of the @entity6713 was achieved in most @entity1 (93.58%). Moreover, @entity548 was controlled in 228 @entity1 (95.4%), and rectal prolapse was reduced in 310 @entity1 (91.99%). After treatment, 85 @entity1 experienced anal @entity158 , 37 had mild @entity548 , 4 developed external @entity715 , and one had a peri-anal abscess. The latter 5 @entity1 were treated surgically and recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity6713 is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for @entity1 with symptoms caused by internal @entity6713 .

title: Endoscopic @entity6713 of symptomatic internal XXXX .

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity101 , @entity1007 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity120 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity120 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity4264 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity574 with an @entity2548 into the @entity4264 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity1 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity2548 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity301 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main @entity574 with XXXX draining into a persistent @entity4264 and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity101 , @entity1007 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity120 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity120 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity4264 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity574 with an @entity2548 into the @entity4264 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity1 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity2548 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity301 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main @entity574 with @entity2548 draining into a persistent XXXX and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['left superior vena cava']


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity101 , @entity1007 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity120 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity120 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity4264 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity574 with an @entity2548 into the @entity4264 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity1 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity2548 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity301 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main XXXX with @entity2548 draining into a persistent @entity4264 and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity574 :: (MESH:D003323,Disease) :: ['coronary artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated resting heart rate is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Heart rate is not monitored routinely in these @entity1 . We hypothesized that routine monitoring of heart rate would increase its prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between heart rate measurements and a range of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including hospitalization for worsening @entity712 , in the pooled placebo-treated @entity1 from the morBidity-mortality EvAlUaTion of the If inhibitor @entity15726 in @entity1 with @entity301 and @entity1002 (BEAUTIFUL) trial and @entity712 treatment with the If inhibitor @entity15726 (SHIFT) Trial, using standard and time-varying covariate Cox proportional hazards models. By adjusting for other prognostic factors, models were fitted for baseline heart rate alone or for time-updated heart rate (latest heart rate) alone or corrected for baseline heart rate or for immediate previous time-updated heart rate. RESULTS: Baseline heart rate was strongly associated with all outcomes apart from hospitalization for @entity583 . Time-updated heart rate increased the strengths of associations for all outcomes. Adjustment for baseline heart rate or immediate previous time-updated heart rate modestly reduced the prognostic importance of time-updated heart rate. For hospitalization for worsening @entity712 , each 5 beats/min increase in baseline heart rate and time-updated heart rate was associated with a 15% (95% confidence interval, 12-18) and 22% (confidence interval, 19-40) increase in risk, respectively. Even after correction, the prognostic value of time-updated heart rate remained greater. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1002 , time-updated heart rate is more strongly related with adverse cardiovascular outcomes than baseline heart rate. Heart rate should be measured to assess cardiovascular risk at all assessments of @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: Repeated Heart Rate Measurement and Cardiovascular Outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricULar dysfunction', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves relapse-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with resected @entity356 . However, difficulties in standardizing an optimal surgical approach and a perceived higher @entity137 compared with the perioperative approach have limited its widespread application in Europe. The aim of our study was to assess @entity137 and long-term outcomes of adjuvant CRT at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective review (September 2001-January 2012) was completed of @entity1 with resected @entity356 who received adjuvant CRT (Macdonald regimen). Adverse events and completion rates, @entity4434 and @entity1349 were estimated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for @entity1349 were performed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included. Most had diffuse (52%) and locally advanced @entity5 (stage III-IV; 66.7%). D2 lymphadenectomy was performed in 80.5%. The most frequent grade 3-4 @entity137 were gastrointestinal (28%) and @entity3136 (20%), with 78.2% completing treatment. With a median follow-up of 115 months, 58.5% had relapsed, most of them distantly. Median @entity4434 and @entity1349 were 9 and 24 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that performance status, stage and lymph node burden were significant factors for @entity1349 . In the multivariate study, only stage and lymph node burden remained as independent @entity1349 predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Our implementation of the Macdonald regimen achieved worse outcomes than those reported in the INT-0116 trial. The rate of distant relapse remains unacceptably high. Higher rate of positive lymph nodes and of diffuse @entity5 could explain some differences. The use of perioperative chemotherapy, especially in @entity1 with a poorer prognosis, might improve these results.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation in XXXX : long-term outcomes and prognostic factors from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Severe @entity565 is poorly understood clinically, physiologically and pathologically. Although milder forms of @entity565 are generally easily treated, more severe forms remain refractory to the best current medical care. Both genetic and environmental elements are likely to play an important role in the development of @entity66 . Physiologically, these @entity1 often have air-trapping, airway collapsibility and loss of elastic recoil. The pathology demonstrates a heterogeneity of findings and is based mainly on adult studies. Some @entity1 demonstrate continued eosinophilic @entity32 despite the use of high doses of @entity288 . At least one-third appear to have pathological changes inconsistent with classically described asthmatic pathology. Persistent @entity32 can lead to structural changes involving the airways and perhaps the parenchyma as well. Finally, @entity32 and structural changes appear to exist well into the lung periphery, out of reach of many inhaled medications. The importance of each of these factors in the development of @entity66 probably varies from @entity1 to @entity1 . Understanding the commonalities of the pathology of severe @entity565 should, however, lead to the development of improved therapies.

title: Pathology of difficult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity1 who presented with recurrent @entity9645 , @entity221 , and @entity5406 was diagnosed with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity3043 was noticed in this @entity1 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity154 . A diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 )-refractory @entity417 with @entity7139 was made. Despite marked @entity1398 , the @entity195 symptoms continued. Since her @entity1398 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity1 underwent @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity2132 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity1503 . Twenty-three months after @entity1503 , the @entity1 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity195 or @entity2590 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity1503 , may be an effective therapy in @entity1 with high-risk aggressive @entity195 .

title: Resolution of @entity195 after HLA-mismatched unrelated @entity1503 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic features']

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['excess blasts']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral and genital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cord blood transplantation', 'CBT']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity1 who presented with recurrent @entity9645 , @entity221 , and @entity5406 was diagnosed with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity3043 was noticed in this @entity1 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity154 . A diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 )-refractory @entity417 with @entity7139 was made. Despite marked @entity1398 , the @entity195 symptoms continued. Since her @entity1398 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity1 underwent @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity2132 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity1503 . Twenty-three months after @entity1503 , the @entity1 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity195 or @entity2590 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity1503 , may be an effective therapy in @entity1 with high-risk aggressive @entity195 .

title: Resolution of XXXX after HLA-mismatched unrelated @entity1503 for @entity2590 .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity1 who presented with recurrent @entity9645 , @entity221 , and @entity5406 was diagnosed with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity3043 was noticed in this @entity1 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity154 . A diagnosis of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 )-refractory @entity417 with @entity7139 was made. Despite marked @entity1398 , the @entity195 symptoms continued. Since her @entity1398 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity1 underwent @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity2132 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity1503 . Twenty-three months after @entity1503 , the @entity1 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity195 or @entity2590 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity1503 , may be an effective therapy in @entity1 with high-risk aggressive @entity195 .

title: Resolution of @entity195 after HLA-mismatched unrelated XXXX for @entity2590 .

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['cord blood transplantation']