abstract: 1. The effects of the K+ channel opener @entity6335 and the @entity5140 -containing @entity141 and @entity3529 channel blocker @entity72754 were tested in @entity235 cardiac Purkinje tissue. 2. Both drugs shortened action potential duration (APD). For @entity72754 (0.1-1.0 mmol/L), the reductions in APD were statistically significant at the 25% level of repolarization (APD25) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6), at the 50% level of repolarization (APD50) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6) and at the 90% level of repolarization (APD90) for 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6). In contrast, @entity6335 (0.05-0.1 mmol/L) significantly shortened APD at all levels of repolarizations, with the APD50 and APD90 reduced most significantly (P < 0.01, n = 6) for higher concentrations of the drug (0.07-0.1 mmol/L). Both drugs significantly reduced the force of contraction. 3. @entity6335 (10 experiments) was more potent in suppressing @entity66783 -induced @entity943 than @entity72754 (three of seven experiments). @entity72754 reduced APD even further in the presence of @entity6335 . 4. Although @entity72754 and @entity6335 modulate different ion channels, it appears APD shortening may be a necessary, but insufficient, factor for the suppression of @entity66783 -induced @entity943 .

title: Role of action potential shortening in the prevention of @entity943 in XXXX cardiac tissue.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to predict @entity4213 content of the habitual diets of free-living subjects from urine and plasma concentrations of @entity4213 . DESIGN: Ten type 2 @entity6 @entity1 (five male, five female), mean age 60 (s.e.m. 7) y and BMI 30.2 (s.e.m. 3.5) kg/m2 were treated in a random crossover design for a 2 week period on either a low @entity3096 diet or on the same diet supplemented at one of two high @entity4213 levels (total 77.3 or 110.4 mg/day) provided by supplements of 1500 ml tea daily and 400 g fried white onion in olive oil with and without @entity523 ketchup and herbs. SETTING: Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting plasma concentration, urine concentration and 24 h excretion of @entity3092 , @entity58010 , @entity15605 and @entity3091 . RESULTS: Plasma @entity3095 concentration (r=0.750, P=0.001), 24 h urine concentration (r=0.847, P=0.001) and 24 h urine excretion (r=0.728, P=<0.001) were all highly significantly related to dietary intake and gave similar estimates of intakes. Fasting plasma @entity4213 concentrations on habitual diets ranged from 0 to 43.7 ng/ml mean. Regression equations were constricted: total @entity4213 intake r=0.74, P<0.001 and @entity3092 intake r=0.744, P<0. 001. From these equations, @entity3095 intakes from habitual diets were estimated at 17-50, mean 35 mg/day. Of this, 91% was from @entity3092 . CONCLUSIONS: Dietary @entity4213 are absorbed and appear in plasma and urine as potential biomarkers in concentrations related quantitatively to intake. Estimation of dietary intake from plasma or urine concentrations appears possible. SPONSORSHIP: Rank Prize Funds and Rank Foundation of the Department of @entity1 Nutrition; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, IR Iran. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 143-149

title: Prediction of dietary XXXX consumption from fasting plasma concentration or urinary excretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity15605 :: ('MESH:C006552', 'Chemical') :: ['kaempferol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4213 :: ('MESH:D044948', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonols']

entities_list: @entity58010 :: ('MESH:C047368', 'Chemical') :: ['isorhamnetin']

entities_list: @entity3095 :: ('CHEBI:5078', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonol']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3095 :: (CHEBI:5078,Chemical) :: ['flavonol']


abstract: In order to better assess the place of abdominopelvic irradiation after chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity43 , the survival times in 25 @entity1 treated from 1976 to 1986 were examined. 2 stage IIc, 18 stage III and 4 stage IV were treated. Treatment included chemotherapy (with @entity900 in 16/25 cases) and a second-look laparotomy. 12 @entity1 had only microscopic @entity41 , 5 had macroscopic @entity5 less than 2 cm, and 8 @entity1 had no detectable @entity41 . A whole abdomen irradiation of 22.50 Gy with a pelvic boost to 45 Gy was also performed. Actuarial 3-year survival was 58% for the entire population. 10 loco-regional relapses were observed. The 3-year-actuarial survival was 71% for stage III @entity1 . Haematologic tolerance of irradiation was poor with only 17 @entity1 (68%) receiving the complete dose of irradiation. One late grade 3 intestinal complication was observed. These results and others previously published, suggest that abdominal irradiation is valuable in the treatment of advanced @entity43 for stage IIc or III @entity1 without macroscopic @entity66 after chemotherapy and second-look laparotomy.

title: [Radiotherapy after chemotherapy and second-look laparotomy in the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a six-month, cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention for @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) following pulmonary rehabilitation. METHODS: @entity1 who completed a two-week run-in were randomly assigned to either MOBILE-Coached (n = 9) or MOBILE-Self-Monitored (n = 8). All @entity1 met with a nurse to develop an individualized exercise plan, were issued a pedometer and exercise booklet, and instructed to continue to log their daily exercise and symptoms. MOBILE-Coached also received weekly reinforcement text messages on their cell phones; reports of worsening symptoms were automatically flagged for follow-up. Usability and satisfaction were assessed. @entity1 completed incremental cycle and six minute walk (6MW) tests, wore an activity monitor for 14 days, and reported their health-related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline, three, and six months. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 68 +/-11 and forced expiratory volume in one second 18% predicted. @entity1 reported that logging their exercise and symptoms (FEV(1)) of 40 +/- was easy and that keeping track of their exercise helped them remain active. There were no differences between groups over time in maximal workload, 6MW distance, or HRQL (p > 0.05); however, MOBILE-Self-Monitored increased total steps/day whereas MOBILE-Coached logged fewer steps over six months (p =0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that it is feasible to deliver a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention to @entity1 with @entity1030 post-rehabilitation and that the addition of @entity15285 appeared to be no better than self-monitoring. The latter finding needs to be interpreted with caution since this was a purely exploratory study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00373932).

title: Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: A wide variety of histopathologic mimics of @entity263 have been recently described, which may cause overdiagnosis of @entity5 . To our knowledge, the frequency and causes of overdiagnosis of @entity263 have not been previously examined. Two pathologists evaluated the Mayo Clinic experience with small foci of stage T1a @entity5 diagnosed between 1960 and 1970 in an effort to identify cases that were overdiagnosed as @entity5 . Only cases with available diagnostic slides and blocks were re-evaluated, and immunohistochemical studies were obtained in select cases to confirm the amended diagnoses. Follow-up was obtained in all cases from @entity1 medical records. We identified a total of 31 @entity1 who were overdiagnosed with @entity263 from among a series of 150 cases initially diagnosed as well-differentiated stage T1a @entity5 (21% incidence). @entity1 ranged in age from 42 to 85 years, and the weight of the transurethral resections varied from 6 to 90 g. Findings misinterpreted as @entity5 included @entity1412 (8 cases), @entity1491 (8), @entity194 (5), sclerosing @entity3923 (3), high-grade @entity5436 (3), xanthogranulomatous @entity1069 (2), florid cribriform @entity1373 (1), and post- @entity1373 (1). None of the @entity1 received additional treatment for @entity4623 . Mean follow-up was 10.8 years; 14 @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease, 14 died of @entity66 without recurrent @entity4623 , and the status of 3 was unknown. We conclude that misinterpretation of @entity263 in transurethral resection specimens results from overdiagnosis of small microscopic foci of @entity1373 , @entity194 , @entity5436 , and @entity32 . The incidence of overdiagnosis three decades ago was 21% of small foci in transurethral resections, usually resulting from the presence of undescribed pathological entities. Long-term follow-up revealed no evidence of recurrent @entity4623 .

title: Overdiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intercurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The @entity141 sensitivities of the rate constant of @entity2701 redevelopment (ktr; Brenner, B., and E. Eisenberg. 1986. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83:3542-3546) and isometric force during steady-state activation were examined as functions of @entity3999 light chain 2 (LC2) phosphorylation in skinned single fibers from @entity95 and @entity35 fast-twitch skeletal muscles. To measure ktr the fiber was activated with @entity141 and steady isometric @entity2701 was allowed to develop; subsequently, the fiber was rapidly (less than 1 ms) released to a shorter length and then reextended by approximately 200 nm per half sarcomere. This maneuver resulted in the complete dissociation of cross-bridges from actin, so that the subsequent redevelopment of @entity2701 was related to the rate of cross-bridge reattachment. The time course of @entity2701 redevelopment, which was recorded under sarcomere length control, was best fit by a first-order exponential equation (i.e., @entity2701 = C(1 - e-kt) to obtain the value of ktr. In control fibers, ktr increased sigmoidally with increases in [ @entity141 ]; maximum values of ktr were obtained at pCa 4.5 and were significantly greater in @entity35 superficial vastus lateralis fibers (26.1 +/- 1.2 s-1 at 15 degrees C) than in @entity95 psoas fibers (18.7 +/- 1.0 s-1). Phosphorylation of LC2 was accomplished by repeated @entity141 activations (pCa 4.5) of the fibers in solutions containing 6 microM calmodulin and 0.5 microM @entity3999 light chain kinase, a protocol that resulted in an increase in LC2 phosphorylation from approximately 10% in the control fibers to greater than 80% after treatment. After phosphorylation, ktr was unchanged at maximum or very low levels of @entity141 activation. However, at intermediate levels of @entity141 activation, between pCa 5.5 and 6.2, there was a significant increase in ktr such that this portion of the ktr-pCa relationship was shifted to the left. The steady-state isometric @entity2701 -pCa relationship, which in control fibers was left shifted with respect to the ktr-pCa relationship, was further left-shifted after LC2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of LC2 had no effect upon steady-state @entity2701 during maximum @entity141 activation. In fibers from which troponin C was partially extracted to disrupt molecular cooperativity within the thin filament (Moss et al. 1985. Journal of General Physiology. 86:585-600), the effect of LC2 phosphorylation to increase the @entity141 sensitivity of steady-state isometric force was no longer evident, although the effect of phosphorylation to increase ktr was unaffected by this maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Variations in cross-bridge attachment rate and @entity2701 with phosphorylation of XXXX in mammalian skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Implications for twitch potentiation in intact muscle.

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: The @entity141 sensitivities of the rate constant of @entity2701 redevelopment (ktr; Brenner, B., and E. Eisenberg. 1986. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83:3542-3546) and isometric force during steady-state activation were examined as functions of @entity3999 light chain 2 (LC2) phosphorylation in skinned single fibers from @entity95 and @entity35 fast-twitch skeletal muscles. To measure ktr the fiber was activated with @entity141 and steady isometric @entity2701 was allowed to develop; subsequently, the fiber was rapidly (less than 1 ms) released to a shorter length and then reextended by approximately 200 nm per half sarcomere. This maneuver resulted in the complete dissociation of cross-bridges from actin, so that the subsequent redevelopment of @entity2701 was related to the rate of cross-bridge reattachment. The time course of @entity2701 redevelopment, which was recorded under sarcomere length control, was best fit by a first-order exponential equation (i.e., @entity2701 = C(1 - e-kt) to obtain the value of ktr. In control fibers, ktr increased sigmoidally with increases in [ @entity141 ]; maximum values of ktr were obtained at pCa 4.5 and were significantly greater in @entity35 superficial vastus lateralis fibers (26.1 +/- 1.2 s-1 at 15 degrees C) than in @entity95 psoas fibers (18.7 +/- 1.0 s-1). Phosphorylation of LC2 was accomplished by repeated @entity141 activations (pCa 4.5) of the fibers in solutions containing 6 microM calmodulin and 0.5 microM @entity3999 light chain kinase, a protocol that resulted in an increase in LC2 phosphorylation from approximately 10% in the control fibers to greater than 80% after treatment. After phosphorylation, ktr was unchanged at maximum or very low levels of @entity141 activation. However, at intermediate levels of @entity141 activation, between pCa 5.5 and 6.2, there was a significant increase in ktr such that this portion of the ktr-pCa relationship was shifted to the left. The steady-state isometric @entity2701 -pCa relationship, which in control fibers was left shifted with respect to the ktr-pCa relationship, was further left-shifted after LC2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of LC2 had no effect upon steady-state @entity2701 during maximum @entity141 activation. In fibers from which troponin C was partially extracted to disrupt molecular cooperativity within the thin filament (Moss et al. 1985. Journal of General Physiology. 86:585-600), the effect of LC2 phosphorylation to increase the @entity141 sensitivity of steady-state isometric force was no longer evident, although the effect of phosphorylation to increase ktr was unaffected by this maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Variations in cross-bridge attachment rate and XXXX with phosphorylation of @entity3999 in mammalian skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Implications for twitch potentiation in intact muscle.

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: Connexin alpha 1, also referred to as @entity16899 , has thus far been the only gap junction protein identified between the hormone-producing cells of pancreatic islets. To investigate whether loss of this connexin affects the development of endocrine pancreas and the differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells, we have taken advantage of a transgenic line in which the gene coding for connexin alpha 1 had been functionally deleted by homologous recombination. Analysis of pancreas at embryonal day 19.5 (E 19.5) after immunostaining for the four main types of islet hormones, showed that islet cell development was similar in homozygous @entity19 that completely lacked @entity16899 , in @entity19 that were heterozygous for the transgene, and in age-matched controls with a genetic background similar to that of the transgenic animals. In particular, the three animal groups featured beta cells that had a similar insulin content and ultrastructural organization, including the presence of typical gap junction plaques on the membrane. However, quantitative analysis of freeze-fractured membranes showed that these plaques were less frequent in the @entity19 lacking @entity16899 . This finding prompted us to revisit the connexin pattern of normal pancreatic beta cells. Using RT-PCR amplification and primers specific for nine of the @entity1 connexins, we have found that normal @entity35 and @entity19 pancreas contain six connexin transcripts, including one that codes for alpha 6 connexin, a protein also referred to as @entity17704 . This transcript was also identified in isolated pancreatic islets, in @entity10062 -purified suspensions of primary beta cells and in the insulin-producing cells of an experimental @entity5 . Using antibodies, we found that connexin alpha 6 is expressed by the latter cells, as well as by pancreatic fibroblasts and epithelial duct cells. The data show that pancreatic islets have a normal prenatal development in @entity19 that no longer express @entity16899 . They further provide evidence that normal and tumoral insulin-producing cells natively coexpress connexins alpha 1 and alpha 6.

title: Loss of XXXX does not alter the prenatal differentiation of pancreatic beta cells and leads to the identification of another islet cell connexin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity16899 :: (14609(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['alpha 1 connexin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of collagen film, collagen gel, @entity4023 / @entity5224 film, and fibrin glue to prevent @entity1104 formation. DESIGN: Randomized trial using a @entity35 model of a standardized abdominal wound and cecal wound. SETTING: University research laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Sprague-Dawley female @entity35 . INTERVENTION(S): Resorbable barriers or no barrier (controls) were placed between an abdominal wall wound (1 cm x 2 cm) and a similarly sized cecal wound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Adhesion formation between wounds was assessed and quantitated 7 days after surgery. RESULT(S): Without treatment, 34 of 35 untreated @entity35 (97%) developed @entity1104 . Treatment with collagen gel (3 of 33 @entity35 ), collagen film (3 of 10 @entity35 ), or @entity4023 / @entity5224 film (2 of 10 @entity35 ) significantly reduced the incidence of @entity1104 formation. Treatment with fibrin sealant resulted in 9 of 10 animals having adherent wounds 7 days after surgery. CONCLUSION(S): Resorbable barriers of collagen gel, collagen films and @entity4023 / @entity5224 film were effective in significantly reducing @entity1104 formation. Fibrin sealant at 7 days had an incidence of @entity1104 formation similar to that in untreated control animals.

title: Evaluation of resorbable barriers for preventing surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesion', 'adhesions']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['adhesions']


abstract: In a prospective study in 49 @entity1 with @entity189 the correlation of pre- and post-operative staging by CT and endorectal ultrasound (EU) was compared according to TNM-classification. With CT the pre/postoperative results correlated in T1 in 9/10, in T2 in 10/16, in T3 in 13/15 and in T4 in 6/8 @entity1 . By EU identical results were found in all T1, in 10/12 T2, in 17/20 T3 and in 6/7 T4 stages. Overall, pre- and postoperative identical results were found by CT in 38 and by EU in 43/49 @entity1 . Overestimation of the @entity5 stage was similar with both methods: 5 by CT and 4 by EU. Underestimation of the stage was more often by CT in 5 than by EU in 2 cases. (CT: accuracy 77.5%, sensitivity 88.3%, specificity 94.4%; ES: accuracy 87.7% sensitivity 91.5%, specificity 97.8%). Criteria for interpretation are discussed. In early @entity5 stages the depth of @entity5 invasion can be better evaluated by EU. In late stages both methods give important information for surgical strategy.

title: [Preoperative staging of XXXX : endosonography versus computerized tomography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-secreting @entity1911 is an endocrine @entity5 located in the adrenal medulla in 85% of the cases. Extra-adrenal localizations account for the other 15%. A broad ligament localization related to an accessory adrenal gland is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A tumoral formation was observed during computed tomographic exploration of @entity298 in a 25-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 had developed from an @entity10163 included in the large ligament of the uterus. Pathology reported non-secreting @entity1911 confirmed by immunolabeling. DISCUSSION: The broad ligament localization is exceptional for @entity1911 and may mislead diagnosis. Resection is the only treatment. Recurrence and @entity3 have been reported to develop in some cases many years later, particularly after incomplete resection. Pathogenically, this @entity5 is remnant embryonic chromaffin tissue issuing from the parasympathetic nodes and developing in an @entity10163 .

title: [Non-secreting @entity1911 of the broad ligament revealed by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic adrenal gland']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['appendicular peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-secreting @entity1911 is an endocrine @entity5 located in the adrenal medulla in 85% of the cases. Extra-adrenal localizations account for the other 15%. A broad ligament localization related to an accessory adrenal gland is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A tumoral formation was observed during computed tomographic exploration of @entity298 in a 25-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 had developed from an @entity10163 included in the large ligament of the uterus. Pathology reported non-secreting @entity1911 confirmed by immunolabeling. DISCUSSION: The broad ligament localization is exceptional for @entity1911 and may mislead diagnosis. Resection is the only treatment. Recurrence and @entity3 have been reported to develop in some cases many years later, particularly after incomplete resection. Pathogenically, this @entity5 is remnant embryonic chromaffin tissue issuing from the parasympathetic nodes and developing in an @entity10163 .

title: [Non-secreting XXXX of the broad ligament revealed by @entity298 ].

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraspinal @entity601 are exceptional formations which develop from incomplete @entity601 and the endodermis during the third week of gestation. Symptoms generally appear before the age of 40 years and are associated with spinal malformations. Most @entity601 lie in an extra-spinal position in the lower cervical and upper dorsal spine. We report a case involving the cauda equina with no associated spinal lesion. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old @entity1 was admitted for low back @entity158 and right L3 radiculalgia triggered by exertion. @entity1494 had developed over the preceding year. Physical examination found a @entity4681 with @entity1183 of the right para-anal area, an atonic anal sphincter and a globular bladder. Plain films showed a widened interpedicular space between L1 and L2 interpreted as the consequence of an expansive @entity75 . Saccoradiculography led to the diagnosis of an intradural lesion involving L1 and L2. At magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion's signal intensity was similar to cerebrospinal fluid on T1 and T2 sequences, deforming the cauda equina and displacing the nerve roots. Surgical resection of the cyst was incomplete due to adherences to several roots and was followed by persistent radiculalgia and @entity74 . DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates an exceptional cause of @entity1971 . Fissuration or rupture of the cyst might explain symptom exacerbation following @entity130 . Magnetic resonance imagining can confirm the cystic nature of the intradural lesion and help guide surgery. Resection is often incomplete with the risk of long-term recurrence.

title: [Spinal neurenteric cyst revealed by a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary disorders']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal lesion']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neurenteric cysts', 'separation of the neural tube']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter disorders']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda equina syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver resection is risky in @entity1 aged > or = 80 years. Because of short life expectancies and improved nonoperative modalities, the role of liver resection in octogenarians with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective review of the operative results of 260 @entity1 with @entity157 between 1991 and 1997 was performed. According to the age at the time of operation, these @entity1 were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 21 @entity1 aged > or = 80 years, and group 2 comprised the other 239 younger @entity1 . The backgrounds, pathologic features of the @entity5 , and operative results of the @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: Octogenarians had a higher incidence of associated medical diseases, a higher incidence of negative serum hepatitis B surface antigen, a lower @entity160 level, and a higher @entity3194 retention rate. Although octogenarians had a longer postoperative hospital stay, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding operative morbidity and mortality. The 5-year disease-free and actuarial survival rates for octogenarians and younger @entity1 were 50.6% and 35.3% (P = .15) and 40.9% and 59.3% (P = .46), respectively. CONCLUSION: Under meticulous preoperative assessments and postoperative care, liver resection for @entity157 is justified in selected octogenarians, with short- and long-term results comparable to those of younger @entity1 .

title: Liver resection for XXXX in octogenarians.

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that cells in the intermediate zone (IZ) of the embryonic neocortex originate in the basal telencephalon and migrate tangentially in the cortical wall (;; ). We had previously observed growing cortical axons closely apposed to calbindin-positive, tangentially oriented cells in the IZ (), and it has been shown that neurites in the IZ express a @entity2227 transporter (). To test if @entity2227 released by corticofugal growth cones could influence the tangential IZ cells, we characterized the @entity2227 receptors expressed by IZ cells using patch-clamp techniques, histochemical labeling, and immunostaining on slices of embryonic @entity19 forebrain. We show that tangential IZ cells express inwardly rectifying kainate responses, but not @entity143 responses, and accumulate @entity1953 after @entity140 receptor activation. We conclude that IZ cells express @entity460 -permeable @entity140 receptors. This property correlates with our observation that the @entity9449 subunit is not expressed in the IZ. @entity140 receptors are activated by a millimolar concentration of @entity2227 . To know whether this high level of @entity2227 could occur at the surface of IZ cells, we examined contacts made by corticofugal growth cones and calbindin-positive IZ cells using electron microscopy. We show vesicle-containing neurites tightly apposed to calbindin-positive IZ cells over remarkably long length. This suggests that @entity2227 released by growing corticofugal axons could reach high concentrations close to @entity140 receptors of tangential IZ cells and efficiently activate them to control the intracellular @entity460 in embryonic IZ cells.

title: Intermediate zone cells express XXXX -permeable @entity140 receptors and establish close contact with growing axons.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that cells in the intermediate zone (IZ) of the embryonic neocortex originate in the basal telencephalon and migrate tangentially in the cortical wall (;; ). We had previously observed growing cortical axons closely apposed to calbindin-positive, tangentially oriented cells in the IZ (), and it has been shown that neurites in the IZ express a @entity2227 transporter (). To test if @entity2227 released by corticofugal growth cones could influence the tangential IZ cells, we characterized the @entity2227 receptors expressed by IZ cells using patch-clamp techniques, histochemical labeling, and immunostaining on slices of embryonic @entity19 forebrain. We show that tangential IZ cells express inwardly rectifying kainate responses, but not @entity143 responses, and accumulate @entity1953 after @entity140 receptor activation. We conclude that IZ cells express @entity460 -permeable @entity140 receptors. This property correlates with our observation that the @entity9449 subunit is not expressed in the IZ. @entity140 receptors are activated by a millimolar concentration of @entity2227 . To know whether this high level of @entity2227 could occur at the surface of IZ cells, we examined contacts made by corticofugal growth cones and calbindin-positive IZ cells using electron microscopy. We show vesicle-containing neurites tightly apposed to calbindin-positive IZ cells over remarkably long length. This suggests that @entity2227 released by growing corticofugal axons could reach high concentrations close to @entity140 receptors of tangential IZ cells and efficiently activate them to control the intracellular @entity460 in embryonic IZ cells.

title: Intermediate zone cells express @entity460 -permeable XXXX receptors and establish close contact with growing axons.

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity1066 on the incidence of @entity356 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive peptic @entity1066 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity1534 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity356 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity1534 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity1 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity356 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity356 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity356 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity356 was observed between @entity1 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity1 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity1 , 1.72%). Among @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity356 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity1 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity1 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity1534 eradication therapy for peptic @entity1066 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity356 .

title: Does @entity1534 eradication therapy for peptic XXXX prevent @entity356 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity1066 on the incidence of @entity356 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive peptic @entity1066 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity1534 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity356 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity1534 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity1 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity356 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity356 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity356 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity356 was observed between @entity1 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity1 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity1 , 1.72%). Among @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity356 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity1 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity1 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity1534 eradication therapy for peptic @entity1066 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity356 .

title: Does XXXX eradication therapy for peptic @entity1066 prevent @entity356 ?

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity1066 on the incidence of @entity356 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity1 with @entity1534 -positive peptic @entity1066 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity1534 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity356 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity1534 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity1 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity356 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity356 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity356 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity356 was observed between @entity1 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity1 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity1 , 1.72%). Among @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity356 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity1 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity1 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity1534 eradication therapy for peptic @entity1066 @entity1 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity356 .

title: Does @entity1534 eradication therapy for peptic @entity1066 prevent XXXX ?

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We used fine-needle intrarenal manometry as a guide for detection of acute rejection superimposed on protracted oliguric @entity4295 occurring in the postoperative course of @entity1 renal transplantation. We followed intrarenal pressure (IRP) in 31 @entity1 who received 32 renal transplants, 12 from living related donors and 20 from cadaveric donors. There were 19 rejection episodes and 10 episodes of transient @entity205 (CyA) nephrotoxicity. Nine @entity1 had posttransplant @entity810 . Levels of IRP (mmHg) in acute rejection were (mean +/- SD) 48.6 +/- 11.1, significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the levels in CyA nephrotoxicity (28.2 +/- 5.21), @entity4295 (24.5 +/- 5.5) and normal functioning grafts (26.4 +/- 6.63). Antirejection treatment was associated with return to normal of IRP after 10 days. Intrarenal manometry was performed routinely ever 2-3 days in @entity1 who had postoperative @entity810 . Increments in IRP were detected on the 7-10th postoperative day in 7 @entity1 who had 10-25 days of post-transplant @entity1458 . Renal biopsy findings were compatible with acute rejection, and the @entity1 responded to intravenous bolus of @entity230 . We suggest that fine-needle intrarenal manometry is a reliable test for the detection of acute rejection in circumstances when traditional parameters of altered renal function cannot be evaluated.

title: Intrarenal manometry in the diagnosis of acute rejection superimposed on XXXX in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity4295 :: (MESH:D007683,Disease) :: ['acute tubular necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the use of @entity1088 in @entity1 with @entity1032 and comorbid @entity146 . The authors describe their recent clinical experience using @entity1088 in treatment-refractory @entity1 with @entity1032 and severe @entity146 . METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on the records of all @entity1 admitted to a university-affiliated, specialized inpatient psychiatry service who were selected for @entity1088 therapy from March 1994 through December 1997 (N = 33). @entity1 had DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity161 , @entity914 , @entity162 , @entity4750 , or @entity914 NOS and were considered treatment resistant. All had deficits in functioning well beyond those expected for their degree of @entity73 and @entity3626 . RESULTS: Of 33 initial @entity1 , 26 remained on @entity1088 therapy for a follow-up duration of 5 to 48 months (mean = 24.8 months). Evaluation at follow-up revealed Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores from 1 to 4 with a mean +/- SD improvement of 2.0 +/- 0.8 (much improved). The mean +/- SD rating of the CGI-Efficacy Index was 5 +/- 2.6 (decided improvement and partial remission of symptoms with no interference from side effects). The 6 @entity1 who were not maintained on @entity1088 therapy over the study period did not significantly differ from the @entity1088 group in gender, race, age, side effects, or diagnosis. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Side effects were mild and transient with @entity1142 being the most common (N = 10). There were no significant cardiovascular side effects and no @entity410 . No @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity3028 . CONCLUSION: The current investigation lends support to the conclusion that @entity1088 appears to be safe, efficacious, and well tolerated in individuals with @entity1032 and comorbid @entity146 .

title: @entity1088 treatment in a population of adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['delusional disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder', 'psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['adaptive delays']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the use of @entity1088 in @entity1 with @entity1032 and comorbid @entity146 . The authors describe their recent clinical experience using @entity1088 in treatment-refractory @entity1 with @entity1032 and severe @entity146 . METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on the records of all @entity1 admitted to a university-affiliated, specialized inpatient psychiatry service who were selected for @entity1088 therapy from March 1994 through December 1997 (N = 33). @entity1 had DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity161 , @entity914 , @entity162 , @entity4750 , or @entity914 NOS and were considered treatment resistant. All had deficits in functioning well beyond those expected for their degree of @entity73 and @entity3626 . RESULTS: Of 33 initial @entity1 , 26 remained on @entity1088 therapy for a follow-up duration of 5 to 48 months (mean = 24.8 months). Evaluation at follow-up revealed Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores from 1 to 4 with a mean +/- SD improvement of 2.0 +/- 0.8 (much improved). The mean +/- SD rating of the CGI-Efficacy Index was 5 +/- 2.6 (decided improvement and partial remission of symptoms with no interference from side effects). The 6 @entity1 who were not maintained on @entity1088 therapy over the study period did not significantly differ from the @entity1088 group in gender, race, age, side effects, or diagnosis. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Side effects were mild and transient with @entity1142 being the most common (N = 10). There were no significant cardiovascular side effects and no @entity410 . No @entity1 discontinued treatment due to @entity3028 . CONCLUSION: The current investigation lends support to the conclusion that @entity1088 appears to be safe, efficacious, and well tolerated in individuals with @entity1032 and comorbid @entity146 .

title: XXXX treatment in a population of adults with @entity1032 .

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 affects an increasing percentage of the population as the incidence and prevalence of @entity6 increases. In some cases of the disease, @entity7592 complications can be observed to the extent that they require acute and extensive surgery debridement, often across anatomical structures. Local treatment is always preceded by vascular examination, possibly limb revascularization. METHODS: After open necrectomy, which frees the @entity1 from infectious focus and @entity39 tissue, and which, in some cases, is the last resort to preserve the limb's length, there is, in the second period (after the acquisition of granulation tissue in the defect), a need to close the defect. It is possible to let small areas heal spontaneously through epithelialisation from the edges of the wound, however, @entity4696 have to be close either operationally with secondary suture or with dermoepidermal skin-grafting. Secondary suture requires a local shift or additional resection of the bone to obtain sufficient material for wound closure. Skin graft respects the requirement to preserve the maximum of healthy tissue while not slowing down the closure of the wound in large defects. RESULTS: Autotransplantation of secondary wound with dermoepidermal skin-graft after the debridement of @entity39 tissue was performed in 16 @entity1 . The average age was 58 years, the average surface of skin-grafting was 100 cm2, the interval between transplantation and debridement was on average 21 days and from skin-grafting to the healing, of 62 days. 14 @entity1 were completely healed; one @entity1 suffers chronic @entity4034 , and another one a smack chronic defect in the periphery of the graft. Transplants affecting the plant were localized outside the zone of the foot that bears the most of the body's weight. CONCLUSION: Local treatment of @entity166 in necrotizing @entity6 is important for managing the acute condition and preservation of limb function. It is appropriate to centralize the treatment to podiatric centers cooperating closely with the surgeon specializing on wound healing and @entity6 foot.

title: [Necrotizing XXXX in @entity6 and their solutions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot syndrome', 'Diabetic foot syndrome', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing infectious']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['major defects']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 affects an increasing percentage of the population as the incidence and prevalence of @entity6 increases. In some cases of the disease, @entity7592 complications can be observed to the extent that they require acute and extensive surgery debridement, often across anatomical structures. Local treatment is always preceded by vascular examination, possibly limb revascularization. METHODS: After open necrectomy, which frees the @entity1 from infectious focus and @entity39 tissue, and which, in some cases, is the last resort to preserve the limb's length, there is, in the second period (after the acquisition of granulation tissue in the defect), a need to close the defect. It is possible to let small areas heal spontaneously through epithelialisation from the edges of the wound, however, @entity4696 have to be close either operationally with secondary suture or with dermoepidermal skin-grafting. Secondary suture requires a local shift or additional resection of the bone to obtain sufficient material for wound closure. Skin graft respects the requirement to preserve the maximum of healthy tissue while not slowing down the closure of the wound in large defects. RESULTS: Autotransplantation of secondary wound with dermoepidermal skin-graft after the debridement of @entity39 tissue was performed in 16 @entity1 . The average age was 58 years, the average surface of skin-grafting was 100 cm2, the interval between transplantation and debridement was on average 21 days and from skin-grafting to the healing, of 62 days. 14 @entity1 were completely healed; one @entity1 suffers chronic @entity4034 , and another one a smack chronic defect in the periphery of the graft. Transplants affecting the plant were localized outside the zone of the foot that bears the most of the body's weight. CONCLUSION: Local treatment of @entity166 in necrotizing @entity6 is important for managing the acute condition and preservation of limb function. It is appropriate to centralize the treatment to podiatric centers cooperating closely with the surgeon specializing on wound healing and @entity6 foot.

title: [Necrotizing @entity166 in XXXX and their solutions].

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in @entity1 with focal/ diffuse @entity5026 with negative physical examination of the breasts. METHODS: A descriptive study, conducted at Radiology Department ofAga Khan University Hospital from 2006-2007 for a period of 2 years. A total of 207 @entity1 were referred for mammography and sonography because of focal or diffuse @entity5026 . Complete follow-up was available only in 55 @entity1 . The outcome or gold standard was mammograms or ultrasound after an average follow-up period of 18 months with negative/benign findings or histopathology of the suspicious lesion or imaging which was the gold standard to determine the negative predictive value. RESULTS: Out of 55 @entity1 , 17 (31%) had negative findings, benign findings were reported in 34 @entity1 (62%), and 4 (7%) @entity1 were subjected to mammographically guided breast biopsy. All the biopsies were done on the basis of abnormal findings on mammograms. All of the 4 @entity1 had no evidence of @entity5 on subsequent histopathology. The negative predictive value of mammography and ultrasound in @entity1 with focal or diffuse @entity5026 was 100%. CONCLUSION: Breast imaging using mammography and/or sonography in @entity1 who present with local or diffuse @entity5026 is of significant value, to reassure the @entity1 as well as the clinician. However if imaging findings are suggestive of pathology a biopsy should not be delayed.

title: Negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in XXXX with negative physical findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5026 :: (MESH:D059373,Disease) :: ['mastalgia']


abstract: @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells have receptors that bind to HLA class I molecules. Among these receptors, @entity28383 and @entity2936 bind to HLA-C. @entity28383 belongs to the @entity9371 ( @entity9371 ) and @entity2936 belongs to the killer activatory receptor (KAR). Previously, we obtained three recombinant @entity28383 @entity9371 or @entity2936 KAR proteins, KAR-K1 ( @entity32883 ), @entity9371 -K6 ( @entity16301 ), and @entity9371 -K7 ( @entity28383 ). In this study, we produced and characterized seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the @entity28383 @entity9371 and @entity2936 KAR proteins. The MAbs were classified in three groups according to their antigen-binding specificity: 5IB103 and 26ID707 were KAR-K1-specific; A809, 190IIC311, and 197IIC611 were @entity9371 -K7-specific; while A210 and A803g bound to all three recombinant proteins. The MAbs reactive to @entity9371 -K7 bound to the gamma3 domain among two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains of @entity9371 -K7. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis with A803g showed reactivity to about 10% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 35% of purified natural killer cells. Double immunofluorescence staining with @entity20212 and anti- @entity2940 Ab showed that @entity2940 and @entity28383 or @entity2936 were expressed on NK cells in a mutually exclusive way. We also investigated T-cell markers in A803g+ cells. A803g+ T cells were almost CD8+ cells. MAbs produced in this study can be utilized practically in the investigation of biological characteristics of @entity28383 @entity9371 and @entity2936 KAR.

title: Monoclonal antibodies with various reactivity to XXXX killer inhibitory receptors.

entities_list: @entity9371 :: ('3805', 'Gene') :: ['KIR', 'killer inhibitory receptor']

answer: @entity28383 :: (3804,Gene) :: ['p58']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Aging process and comorbidity have been held to influence the course and outcome of acute @entity788 in elderly @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to investigate this issue in a large series of @entity1 > or = 70 years of age suffering from acute @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospectively study was carried out on 439 @entity1 with a first episode of AP. The @entity1 were divided into two age groups: < or = 69 years (n = 340) and > or = 70 years (n = 99). Differences in general characteristics, aetiological factors, blood tests and laboratory data, severity of the disease and outcome were evaluated. The presence of intercurrent diseases was also investigated in the two age groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of the various aetiological factors in the two age groups considered. The percentage of @entity1 with @entity39 forms of AP, Ranson prognostic score for severity, @entity149 , the number of @entity1 requiring surgical intervention or endoscopic sphincterotomy, as well as length of hospital stay were similar in the two groups. Considering the @entity1 suffering from @entity39 acute @entity788 , a significant increase (p = 0.01) in mortality was observed in > or = 70-year-old @entity1 (25.8 vs 7.8%). Associated diseases were significantly more frequent in advanced age (63.6 vs 41.4%; p = 0.0004), but comorbidity did not correlate with the presence of @entity39 , the need for surgery or endoscopic sphincterotomy, and with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that advanced age and related comorbidity have only a limited influence on the course and outcome of acute @entity788 .

title: Influence of advanced age and related comorbidity on the course and outcome of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis', 'necrotizing']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 were enrolled in a multicenter double-blind study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the @entity158 Suppressor Unit, a cranial electrotherapy stimulator for the symptomatic treatment of @entity2701 . Treatment consisted of extremely low level, high frequency current applied transcranially. @entity158 scores before and after 20 minute treatments of individual @entity10 as well as @entity1 and physician global evaluations were the primary efficacy variables. Following use of the active unit, @entity1 reported an average reduction in @entity158 intensity of approximately 35%. Placebo @entity1 reported a reduction of approximately 18%. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The active unit was rated as moderately or highly effective in 40% by physicians, and in 36% by @entity1 . Both physicians and @entity1 scored the placebo unit moderately or highly effective for only 16%. The difference in ordered outcomes was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Approximately 10% of @entity1 in each group reported at least one minor adverse experience. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation is distinct from TENS, and is safe and often effective in ameliorating the @entity158 intensity of @entity2701 . It should be considered as an alternative to the chronic usage of analgesics.

title: Safety and effectiveness of cranial electrotherapy in the treatment of tension XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension headaches']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity2814 ( @entity2814 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity235 experimental model where @entity1373 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity22666 (3 mg/kg) or @entity4688 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity2814 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity2814 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity2814 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity22666 and @entity4688 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity4688 increased plasma @entity1122 activity more strongly than did @entity22666 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity2814 activities. @entity22666 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity1373 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity4688 significantly suppressed @entity1373 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity2814 and chymase is involved in the @entity1373 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity1564 and @entity4688 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity2814 inhibitor, @entity4688 , depended on the activity of @entity2814 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity1564 , was independent of @entity2814 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, @entity22666 , on @entity235 XXXX after balloon injury.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril', 'Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity2814 :: ('610668(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intima hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity22666 :: ('MESH:C077793', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan cilexetil', 'Candesartan cilexetil']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['intima hyperplasia']


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity2814 ( @entity2814 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity235 experimental model where @entity1373 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity22666 (3 mg/kg) or @entity4688 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity2814 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity2814 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity2814 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity22666 and @entity4688 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity4688 increased plasma @entity1122 activity more strongly than did @entity22666 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity2814 activities. @entity22666 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity1373 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity4688 significantly suppressed @entity1373 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity2814 and chymase is involved in the @entity1373 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity1564 and @entity4688 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity2814 inhibitor, @entity4688 , depended on the activity of @entity2814 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity1564 , was independent of @entity2814 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, XXXX , on @entity235 @entity1373 after balloon injury.

answer: @entity22666 :: (MESH:C077793,Chemical) :: ['candesartan cilexetil']


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity2814 ( @entity2814 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity235 experimental model where @entity1373 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity22666 (3 mg/kg) or @entity4688 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity2814 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity2814 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity2814 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity22666 and @entity4688 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity4688 increased plasma @entity1122 activity more strongly than did @entity22666 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity2814 activities. @entity22666 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity1373 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity4688 significantly suppressed @entity1373 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity2814 and chymase is involved in the @entity1373 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity1564 and @entity4688 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity2814 inhibitor, @entity4688 , depended on the activity of @entity2814 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity1564 , was independent of @entity2814 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, @entity22666 , on XXXX @entity1373 after balloon injury.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ), @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- ( @entity24778 ) dependent cell lines have been derived from the @entity19 hematopoietic cell line 32D with a selection strategy involving the culture of the cells in FBS-deprived medium supplemented only with pure recombinant @entity14190 , @entity2304 , or @entity24778 . The cells retain the diploid karyotype of the original 32D clone, do not grow in the absence of exogenous growth factor, and do not induce @entity5 when injected into syngeneic recipients. The morphology of the @entity14190 -dependent cell lines (32D Epo1, -2, and -3) was heterogeneous and evolved with passage. The percent of differentiated cells also was a function of the cell line investigated. @entity16748 -positive cells ranged from 1-2% (32D Epo3) to 50-60% (32D Epo1). These erythroid cells expressed @entity4778 and/or globin mRNA but not @entity18446 . The @entity2304 - and @entity24778 -dependent cell lines had predominantly the morphology of undifferentiated myeloblasts or metamyelocytes, respectively. The @entity2304 -dependent cell lines were sensitive to either @entity2304 or @entity3019 ( @entity3019 ) but did not respond to @entity24778 . The @entity24778 -dependent cell lines grew to a limited extent in @entity3019 but did not respond to @entity2304 . These results indicate that the cell line 32D, originally described as predominantly a basophil/mast cell line, has retained the capacity to give rise to cells which proliferate and differentiate in response to @entity14190 , @entity2304 , and/or @entity24778 . These cells represent the first nontransformed cell lines which can be maintained in growth factors other than @entity3019 and which differentiate in the presence of physiologic signals. As such, they may represent a model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of hematopoietic differentiation, as well as sensitive targets for bioassays of specific growth factors.

title: Selection of lineage-restricted cell lines immortalized at different stages of hematopoietic differentiation from the XXXX cell line 32D.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity6478 -sensitive @entity4024 channels play an important role in transducing @entity4024 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity4024 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity35 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity1829 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity1829 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity1829 was significantly lower than that of @entity1829 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1369 is known to increase the @entity6478 sensitivity of the @entity4202 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1369 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity1829 , @entity1369 increased the number of @entity6478 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity6478 , @entity1369 treatment induced an @entity6478 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity1702 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity1372 ions.

title: Epithelial XXXX channel subunits in @entity35 taste cells: localization and regulation by @entity1369 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['taste papillae']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['fungiform papillae', 'vallate papillae']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na+']


abstract: @entity6478 -sensitive @entity4024 channels play an important role in transducing @entity4024 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity4024 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity35 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity1829 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity1829 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity1829 was significantly lower than that of @entity1829 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1369 is known to increase the @entity6478 sensitivity of the @entity4202 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1369 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity1829 , @entity1369 increased the number of @entity6478 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity6478 , @entity1369 treatment induced an @entity6478 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity1702 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity1372 ions.

title: Epithelial @entity4024 channel subunits in @entity35 taste cells: localization and regulation by XXXX .

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: @entity6478 -sensitive @entity4024 channels play an important role in transducing @entity4024 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity4024 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity35 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity1829 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity1829 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity1829 was significantly lower than that of @entity1829 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1369 is known to increase the @entity6478 sensitivity of the @entity4202 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1369 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity1829 , @entity1369 increased the number of @entity6478 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity6478 , @entity1369 treatment induced an @entity6478 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity1702 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity1372 ions.

title: Epithelial @entity4024 channel subunits in XXXX taste cells: localization and regulation by @entity1369 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of osteotomy at the time of bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) for continence in classic @entity1494 , in which closure of the pelvic ring and reconstitution of the pelvic diaphragm may affect eventual continence. @entity1 AND METHODS: The results of using osteotomy at the time of BNR in 29 @entity1 were reviewed. The mean bladder capacity before BNR was 76 mL. The indications for osteotomy were a wide pubic @entity6877 and a soft intersymphyseal bar. After osteotomy, all @entity1 were maintained in external fixation and lower-extremity traction for 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Complications of osteotomy were limited to a partial @entity2096 (one @entity1 ) and delayed union of fragments (one @entity1 ). Complications of BNR included @entity3832 (five @entity1 ) and @entity3226 (six @entity1 ). Continence results were modest, with 11 of 29 @entity1 (38%) dry during the day (dry interval >3 h) and eight of 29 (28%) dry at night. Eight @entity1 had daytime dry intervals of approximately 3 h. The mean preoperative bladder capacity in @entity1 who were dry both day and night was 101 mL. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative bladder capacity remains a key determinant for the attainment of continence after BNR in the reconstruction of classic @entity1494 . Osteotomy allows pelvic closure and thus improves cosmesis of the mons and stabilizes the BNR in @entity1 with a soft intersymphyseal bar, but seems to have no effect on continence when performed at the time of bladder neck plasty.

title: Bladder neck reconstruction in classic XXXX : the role of osteotomy in the development of continence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 eradication therapies do not achieve 100% success rates. Antibiotic resistant strains are among the major causes of failure. Current recommendations concerning the management of treatment failures are not fully clear. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step therapeutic strategy in a large group of infected @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 2606 @entity1534 -positive @entity1 were administered @entity7015 , @entity4581 and a proton pump inhibitor for 1 week. @entity1 with continuing @entity281 were then given a second 1-week course of @entity115 , @entity4581 and @entity11450 . @entity1 still infected after the second course underwent upper @entity344 with @entity1534 culture, and then received a 1-week quadruple proton pump inhibitor- @entity1535 based scheme established on H. @entity1534 antibiotic sensitivity. RESULTS: After the first step, eradication was achieved in 2063 out of 2413 @entity1 [86% per protocol analysis (PP); 79% intention-to-treat analysis (ITT)]. First-step failures (350 out of 2413; 14.5% PP) showed second-step eradication rates of 82% (271 out of 329 @entity1 , PP; 77% ITT). The specific quadruple therapy for second-step failures (58 out of 329, 18% PP) achieved 77% (30 out of 39 @entity1 , PP) or 52% (ITT) success. This algorithm led to overall eradication rates of 99% (PP) or 91% (ITT). CONCLUSIONS: This multi-step strategy succeeded in a high percentage of @entity1534 infected @entity1 . Given the lack of precise guidelines on treatment failures, assessing @entity1534 sensitivity to antibiotics only after failure of the second treatment could be suggested in clinical practice.

title: Efficacy of a multistep strategy for XXXX eradication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity7015 :: ('MESH:D014011', 'Chemical') :: ['tinidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine bismuth citrate']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess telomerase activity (involved in cell immortalization and detectable in most @entity5 but not in normal somatic tissues) as a marker in @entity5 diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Tissue telomerase activity was assayed by two different techniques, the telomeric repeat amplification protocol-polymerase chain reaction (TRAP-PCR) and a telomerase PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. @entity1494 and their adjacent normal tissues were assessed for telomerase activity in a group of 18 @entity1 , 14 of whom had @entity189 and four a nonspecific inflammatory lesion of the bladder. RESULTS: Eleven of the 14 @entity5 samples analysed were telomerase-positive and two of the three telomerase-negative @entity5 samples had a detectable 'telomerase inhibitor'. In the apparently normal tissues next to @entity150 , four of the 14 specimens were telomerase-positive. Interestingly, these lesions were always next to high-grade muscle-invasive @entity150 (pT2G3). Two of the four nonspecific @entity198 (one of @entity2335 and one of severe @entity1141 ), known to be @entity1613 , were also telomerase-positive. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that the reactivation of telomerase may be an early event in @entity1494 , preceding morphological changes related to malignant transformation. Telomerase activity may therefore be useful both as an indicator of malignant potential in @entity1613 , e.g. @entity2335 and severe @entity1141 , and as a prognostic marker of @entity150 relapse or progression.

title: Telomerase activity as a potential marker in preneoplastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lesions']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinogenesis', 'Malignant and inflammatory bladder lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis glandularis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder lesions']


abstract: The index case of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is presented in adult broodstock prawns @entity15103 from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed @entity39197 . Low-grade chronic mortalities approaching 100% over 1 yr occurred. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were attempted for both @entity72755 (MrNV) with 2 sets of primers and for the satellite virus, extrasmall virus (XSV). All 3 PCRs generated amplicons of the expected sizes. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the 3 consensus sequences identified a 91% match with MrNV viral capsid protein gene, 96% match with MrNV RNA-directed RNA polymerase gene, and a 99% match with @entity15103 XSV capsid protein gene. The clinical signs, @entity75 and RT-PCR amplicons could be reproduced in @entity15103 inoculated with cell-free extracts fulfilling River's postulates. We conclude that this is an endemic strain of MrNV as the sequences are dissimilar to strains of MrNV circulating around Asia and the Americas. This case only poorly meets the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) case definition for @entity62 due to the age of the prawns involved and the nature of the inclusion bodies. Perhaps the OIE case definition needs broadening.

title: @entity72755 disease ( XXXX ) in Australia.

entities_list: @entity15103 :: ('79674', 'Species') :: ['M. rosenbergii', 'Macrobrachium rosenbergii']

entities_list: @entity39197 :: ('MESH:D014912', 'Disease') :: ['white muscle lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WTD', 'white tail disease']

entities_list: @entity72755 :: ('222557', 'Species') :: ['M. rosenbergii nodavirus']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white tail disease']


abstract: The index case of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is presented in adult broodstock prawns @entity15103 from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed @entity39197 . Low-grade chronic mortalities approaching 100% over 1 yr occurred. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were attempted for both @entity72755 (MrNV) with 2 sets of primers and for the satellite virus, extrasmall virus (XSV). All 3 PCRs generated amplicons of the expected sizes. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the 3 consensus sequences identified a 91% match with MrNV viral capsid protein gene, 96% match with MrNV RNA-directed RNA polymerase gene, and a 99% match with @entity15103 XSV capsid protein gene. The clinical signs, @entity75 and RT-PCR amplicons could be reproduced in @entity15103 inoculated with cell-free extracts fulfilling River's postulates. We conclude that this is an endemic strain of MrNV as the sequences are dissimilar to strains of MrNV circulating around Asia and the Americas. This case only poorly meets the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) case definition for @entity62 due to the age of the prawns involved and the nature of the inclusion bodies. Perhaps the OIE case definition needs broadening.

title: XXXX disease ( @entity62 ) in Australia.

answer: @entity72755 :: (222557,Species) :: ['Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus']


abstract: @entity2316 is the commonest cause of @entity454 in the developed world. The quality of care of 152 @entity1 with @entity2316 was assessed at the time of referral to a single nephrologist. The type II @entity6 (62%) were older than the type I @entity6 (38%) (mean 65 years vs. 48 years). The mean duration of @entity6 was 17 years. Significant @entity65 was present in 52%. There was @entity6 in 84% of the type I @entity6 and 53% of the type II @entity6 . Overall, 63% had @entity101 at referral (St Vincent Declaration criteria), untreated in 25%. ACE inhibitors were not prescribed in 48% when no contraindications to their use were present. Glycosylated haemoglobin was > 9.1% in 29%. Twenty were prescribed medications inappropriate to their renal function. Of @entity1 with @entity299 and serum @entity165 > 5.5 mmol/l, 82% were untreated; 82% of @entity1 with @entity3528 were also untreated. At initial referral, many @entity1 ' care was sub-optimal. Referral was too late for adequate preparation for renal replacement therapy in 33%. Following a process of education and feedback of the results to referring practitioners, the timing of referral improved. We emphasize the need for closer co-operation between those managing @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 to optimize their care.

title: The care of @entity1 with XXXX : audit, feedback, and improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity2316 is the commonest cause of @entity454 in the developed world. The quality of care of 152 @entity1 with @entity2316 was assessed at the time of referral to a single nephrologist. The type II @entity6 (62%) were older than the type I @entity6 (38%) (mean 65 years vs. 48 years). The mean duration of @entity6 was 17 years. Significant @entity65 was present in 52%. There was @entity6 in 84% of the type I @entity6 and 53% of the type II @entity6 . Overall, 63% had @entity101 at referral (St Vincent Declaration criteria), untreated in 25%. ACE inhibitors were not prescribed in 48% when no contraindications to their use were present. Glycosylated haemoglobin was > 9.1% in 29%. Twenty were prescribed medications inappropriate to their renal function. Of @entity1 with @entity299 and serum @entity165 > 5.5 mmol/l, 82% were untreated; 82% of @entity1 with @entity3528 were also untreated. At initial referral, many @entity1 ' care was sub-optimal. Referral was too late for adequate preparation for renal replacement therapy in 33%. Following a process of education and feedback of the results to referring practitioners, the timing of referral improved. We emphasize the need for closer co-operation between those managing @entity6 @entity1 with @entity8 to optimize their care.

title: The care of XXXX with @entity2316 : audit, feedback, and improvement.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, the material available for @entity439 repair (covered stents and application systems), real time medical imaging and operator experience have significantly improved. Hence, more and more @entity455 , well beyond the original indications, can now be treated by endovascular surgery. Since 1996 our group has implanted 55 endovascular systems in the clinical setting: 45/55 (80%) for classical indications and 11/55 (20%) for extended indications. In the latter group four different endoprosthetic systems were used according to either their performance and availability or the type of lesion to be treated. For the 11 @entity1 undergoing endovascular procedures with extended indications, 6/11 had @entity2333 (55%) and 5/11 (45%) had aorto-iliac lesions requiring either progressive embolisation of the internal iliac arteries or suprarenal anchorage. For these extended indications hospital mortality was 0/11 (0%). One @entity1 died after hospital discharge. 1/11 @entity1 (9%) had to be converted to open surgery during the interval between iliac embolisation and endovascular repair. There has been no conversion to open surgery during or after the endovascular procedures. Two major endoleaks were detected (2/11: 18%). One has been corrected by an additional covered stent and endovascular repair is planned for the other one. Spontaneously regressive functional hypoperfusion has been observed in 4/5 @entity1 with progressive @entity1029 . There was no irreversible @entity177 . Early results of @entity439 repair for extended indications are promising. Although the long-term outcome is unknown, it can already be said that traditional open surgery can be avoided for a considerable amount of time in an increasing number of @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX : the indications widen].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['complex vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['internal iliac embolisation']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early postoperative administration of @entity2929 accelerates the spontaneous motor recovery process after elevation of the denervated @entity1819 up to the neck. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Spontaneous motor recovery after gastric denervation is a slow process that progressively takes place over years. METHODS: @entity2929 was administered as follows: continuous intravenous (i.v.) perfusion until postoperative day 10 in ten @entity1819 ( @entity1819 ) @entity1 at a dose of either 1 g (n = 5) or 2 g (n = 5) per day; oral intake at a dose of 1 g/day during 1.5 to 8 months after surgery in 11 @entity1819 @entity1 , followed in 7 of them by discontinuation of the drug during 2 to 4 weeks. Gastric motility was assessed with intraluminal perfused catheters in these 21 @entity1 , in 23 @entity1819 @entity1 not receiving @entity2929 , and in 11 healthy volunteers. A motility index was established by dividing the sum of the areas under the curves of >9 mmHg contractions by the time of recording. RESULTS: The motility index after IV or oral administration of @entity2929 at and after surgery was significantly higher than that without @entity2929 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.0090; i.v., 2 g: p = 0.0090; oral, 1 g: p = 0.0017). It was similar to that in healthy volunteers (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2818; oral, 1 g: p = 0.7179) and to that in @entity1819 @entity1 with >3 years of follow-up who never received @entity2929 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2206; oral, 1 g: p = 0.8326). The motility index after discontinuation of the drug was similar or superior to that recorded under medication in four @entity1 who did not experience any modification of their alimentary comfort, whereas it dropped dramatically parallel to deterioration of the alimentary comfort in three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1819 pulled up to the neck under either i.v. or oral @entity2929 is similar to that recovered spontaneously beyond 3 years of follow-up. In some @entity1 , this booster effect persists after discontinuation of the drug.

title: XXXX enhances early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1819 as an esophageal substitute.

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'whole stomach']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['Erythromycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early postoperative administration of @entity2929 accelerates the spontaneous motor recovery process after elevation of the denervated @entity1819 up to the neck. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Spontaneous motor recovery after gastric denervation is a slow process that progressively takes place over years. METHODS: @entity2929 was administered as follows: continuous intravenous (i.v.) perfusion until postoperative day 10 in ten @entity1819 ( @entity1819 ) @entity1 at a dose of either 1 g (n = 5) or 2 g (n = 5) per day; oral intake at a dose of 1 g/day during 1.5 to 8 months after surgery in 11 @entity1819 @entity1 , followed in 7 of them by discontinuation of the drug during 2 to 4 weeks. Gastric motility was assessed with intraluminal perfused catheters in these 21 @entity1 , in 23 @entity1819 @entity1 not receiving @entity2929 , and in 11 healthy volunteers. A motility index was established by dividing the sum of the areas under the curves of >9 mmHg contractions by the time of recording. RESULTS: The motility index after IV or oral administration of @entity2929 at and after surgery was significantly higher than that without @entity2929 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.0090; i.v., 2 g: p = 0.0090; oral, 1 g: p = 0.0017). It was similar to that in healthy volunteers (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2818; oral, 1 g: p = 0.7179) and to that in @entity1819 @entity1 with >3 years of follow-up who never received @entity2929 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2206; oral, 1 g: p = 0.8326). The motility index after discontinuation of the drug was similar or superior to that recorded under medication in four @entity1 who did not experience any modification of their alimentary comfort, whereas it dropped dramatically parallel to deterioration of the alimentary comfort in three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1819 pulled up to the neck under either i.v. or oral @entity2929 is similar to that recovered spontaneously beyond 3 years of follow-up. In some @entity1 , this booster effect persists after discontinuation of the drug.

title: @entity2929 enhances early postoperative contractility of the denervated XXXX as an esophageal substitute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['whole stomach']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 is an intraocular malignancy of the childhood. Tumor invasion and @entity3 are the cause of mortality. The objective was to determine the clinical characteristics, the appearance and site of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity995 . METHODS: descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out. We reviewed 86 @entity1 with @entity995 . RESULTS: the average age was 24.5 months. There were 51.2 % @entity1 . 75.6 % had unilateral presentation and 24.4 % bilateral; two of these were trilateral The clinical manifestation were leukokoria, strabismus and @entity726 . We found @entity3 in 18 @entity1 (20 %), being the central nervous system (CNS) and bones frequently affected. The @entity3 odds ratio was 3.50 associated to @entity3 ; 6.25 for @entity1 with invasion to optical nerve with edge with @entity5 ; 3.75 for which they had @entity3 and optic nerve with free edge and 5.62 for @entity1 with @entity3 and optic nerve with surgical edge with @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and surgical edge with @entity5 showed a greater relative risk for development of @entity3 . The sites commonly affected were the CNS and bones.

title: [Clinical and metastatic characteristics in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'choroidal invasion', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']