abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemostatic procedures by means of electrical coagulation or application of topical agents are widely used to avoid @entity86 during microsurgical reconstruction of peripheral nerves. It is speculated, however, that extensive hemostasis could provoke @entity16 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of 2 intraoperative hemostatic procedures on peripheral nerve regeneration. METHODS: In 36 adult @entity35 divided into 3 groups, the median nerve was transected and repaired by end-to-end neurorrhaphy. During surgery, bleeding was treated in groups 2 and 3 by application of either the topical hemostatic agent Floseal or routine @entity162 . The degree of nerve regeneration was assessed in terms of motor function recovery using weekly grasping test evaluation for 3 months, muscle mass recovery of flexor digitorum sublimis, and stereological assessment of myelinated axon regeneration. RESULTS: Neither of the 2 applied hemostatic methods induced any negative effects on nerve regeneration as defined by grip strength, muscle mass recovery, and morphology of myelinated nerve fibers. In contrast, Floseal-treated animals showed a faster progression of motor function recovery, and animals subjected to @entity162 revealed a higher muscle mass recovery compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Controlled application of @entity162 or Floseal does not exert a negative effect on the nerve regeneration outcome in @entity35 . We propose that these methods can be applied safely to @entity1 .

title: Application of two different hemostatic procedures during microsurgical median nerve reconstruction in the XXXX does not hinder axonal regeneration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['significant nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiviral drugs are critical adjuncts to @entity683 vaccination. This study determined the in vitro susceptibilities of @entity683 A and B viruses isolated in the 2010-2011 season in Russia to the @entity689 inhibitor @entity684 and the hemagglutinin fusion inhibitor @entity18600 and clinical efficacy of this antiviral drugs in this season. METHODS: The antiviral potency of these drugs against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in @entity19 was assessed. Importantly, the clinical effectiveness of @entity684 and @entity18600 was evaluated in a retrospective study conducted in 26 regions of Russia. RESULTS: All tested viruses (n=36) were susceptible to @entity684 and @entity18600 in vitro. @entity684 (10mg/kg/day) and @entity18600 (60mg/kg/day) significantly increased the survival of @entity19 challenged with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 virus (p<0.05). @entity281 was laboratory-confirmed in 442 @entity1 among 1462 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1729 . The treatment of @entity281 @entity1 within 48h of symptom onset with @entity684 and @entity18600 was associated with a significant decrease in the duration of illness (2-3 days) and symptoms (p<0.001). @entity55 was observed in none of the @entity1 treated with @entity684 and in 0.3% of the @entity1 treated with @entity18600 , compared to 23.7% of @entity1 who did not receive antiviral therapy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided experimental and clinical evidence of the efficacy of @entity684 and @entity18600 against @entity683 viruses, representatives of which have continued to circulate in post-pandemic seasons.

title: Virus susceptibility and clinical effectiveness of anti- XXXX drugs during the 2010-2011 @entity683 season in Russia.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['Oseltamivir', 'oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza infection', 'influenza-infected']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity18600 :: ('MESH:C086979', 'Chemical') :: ['umifenovir']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiviral drugs are critical adjuncts to @entity683 vaccination. This study determined the in vitro susceptibilities of @entity683 A and B viruses isolated in the 2010-2011 season in Russia to the @entity689 inhibitor @entity684 and the hemagglutinin fusion inhibitor @entity18600 and clinical efficacy of this antiviral drugs in this season. METHODS: The antiviral potency of these drugs against A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in @entity19 was assessed. Importantly, the clinical effectiveness of @entity684 and @entity18600 was evaluated in a retrospective study conducted in 26 regions of Russia. RESULTS: All tested viruses (n=36) were susceptible to @entity684 and @entity18600 in vitro. @entity684 (10mg/kg/day) and @entity18600 (60mg/kg/day) significantly increased the survival of @entity19 challenged with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 virus (p<0.05). @entity281 was laboratory-confirmed in 442 @entity1 among 1462 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1729 . The treatment of @entity281 @entity1 within 48h of symptom onset with @entity684 and @entity18600 was associated with a significant decrease in the duration of illness (2-3 days) and symptoms (p<0.001). @entity55 was observed in none of the @entity1 treated with @entity684 and in 0.3% of the @entity1 treated with @entity18600 , compared to 23.7% of @entity1 who did not receive antiviral therapy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided experimental and clinical evidence of the efficacy of @entity684 and @entity18600 against @entity683 viruses, representatives of which have continued to circulate in post-pandemic seasons.

title: Virus susceptibility and clinical effectiveness of anti- @entity683 drugs during the 2010-2011 XXXX season in Russia.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7246 is regarded as a constraint on livestock production in Western Kenya where the responsibility for tsetse and @entity7246 control has increasingly shifted from the state to the individual livestock owner. To assess the sustainability of these localised control efforts, this study investigates biological and management risk factors associated with trypanosome infections detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in a range of domestic livestock at the local scale in Busia, Kenya. Busia District also remains endemic for @entity1 @entity25 with sporadic cases of @entity25 reported. RESULTS: In total, trypanosome infections were detected in 11.9% (329) out of the 2773 livestock sampled in Busia District. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that host species and @entity291 age affected overall trypanosome @entity281 , with significantly increased odds of @entity281 for @entity291 older than 18 months, and significantly lower odds of @entity281 in @entity1707 and small ruminants. Different grazing and watering management practices did not affect the odds of trypanosome @entity281 , adjusted by host species. Neither @entity417 nor condition score significantly affected the odds of trypanosome @entity281 in @entity291 . @entity1 infective @entity3177 rhodesiense were detected in 21.5% of animals infected with @entity3177 s.l. (29/135) amounting to 1% (29/2773) of all sampled livestock, with significantly higher odds of @entity3177 rhodesiense infections in @entity3177 s.l. infected @entity1707 (OR= 4.3, 95%CI 1.5-12.0) than in @entity3177 s.l. infected @entity291 or small ruminants. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity291 are the dominant reservoir of trypanosome @entity281 it is unlikely that targeted treatment of only visibly diseased @entity291 will achieve sustainable interruption of transmission for either animal infective or zoonotic @entity1 infective @entity7246 , since most infections were detected in @entity291 that did not exhibit classical clinical signs of @entity7246 . @entity1707 were also found to be reservoirs of @entity281 for T. b. rhodesiense and present a risk to local communities.

title: Factors associated with acquisition of @entity1 XXXX in domestic livestock in Western Kenya.

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis', 'Trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infective and animal infective trypanosome infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7246 is regarded as a constraint on livestock production in Western Kenya where the responsibility for tsetse and @entity7246 control has increasingly shifted from the state to the individual livestock owner. To assess the sustainability of these localised control efforts, this study investigates biological and management risk factors associated with trypanosome infections detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in a range of domestic livestock at the local scale in Busia, Kenya. Busia District also remains endemic for @entity1 @entity25 with sporadic cases of @entity25 reported. RESULTS: In total, trypanosome infections were detected in 11.9% (329) out of the 2773 livestock sampled in Busia District. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that host species and @entity291 age affected overall trypanosome @entity281 , with significantly increased odds of @entity281 for @entity291 older than 18 months, and significantly lower odds of @entity281 in @entity1707 and small ruminants. Different grazing and watering management practices did not affect the odds of trypanosome @entity281 , adjusted by host species. Neither @entity417 nor condition score significantly affected the odds of trypanosome @entity281 in @entity291 . @entity1 infective @entity3177 rhodesiense were detected in 21.5% of animals infected with @entity3177 s.l. (29/135) amounting to 1% (29/2773) of all sampled livestock, with significantly higher odds of @entity3177 rhodesiense infections in @entity3177 s.l. infected @entity1707 (OR= 4.3, 95%CI 1.5-12.0) than in @entity3177 s.l. infected @entity291 or small ruminants. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity291 are the dominant reservoir of trypanosome @entity281 it is unlikely that targeted treatment of only visibly diseased @entity291 will achieve sustainable interruption of transmission for either animal infective or zoonotic @entity1 infective @entity7246 , since most infections were detected in @entity291 that did not exhibit classical clinical signs of @entity7246 . @entity1707 were also found to be reservoirs of @entity281 for T. b. rhodesiense and present a risk to local communities.

title: Factors associated with acquisition of XXXX @entity281 in domestic livestock in Western Kenya.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 with a known left @entity5513 , left-sided @entity2319 , and a recently diagnosed right infratemporal fossa (ITF) @entity2698 , presented with @entity2459 in his right ear. Imaging revealed right-sided skull base extension and a large @entity5 component. The @entity1 underwent a frontotemporal crainiotomy with concomitant ITF approach. Complete @entity5 resection was possible, though invasion of the otic capsule was present. Immediately postresection, a cochlear implant (CI) was performed via a transmastoid approach. Full electrode insertion was achieved and confirmed by visualization through the dehiscent middle fossa floor. @entity2267 was then performed with a free fat graft. Postoperative imaging confirmed complete @entity5 resection (Simpson grade I) and adequate CI placement. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 6 and 12 months, and no @entity5 recurrence was seen. Prior to CI activation, the @entity1 was completely deaf bilaterally. At 18-month follow-up, however, excellent hearing was achieved with the right CI (16 of 22 electrodes active), and the @entity1 is now conversational with no obvious deficit. His cognitive function is excellent, corresponding to preoperative status, and he is independent in his activities of daily living. Following adjuvant radiation, our @entity1 remains disease free at 18 months.

title: Concurrent Cochlear Implantation with Resection of Skull Base @entity2698 following Sudden XXXX in an Only Hearing Ear.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumor']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['Mastoid obliteration']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden deafness']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['Deafness']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 with a known left @entity5513 , left-sided @entity2319 , and a recently diagnosed right infratemporal fossa (ITF) @entity2698 , presented with @entity2459 in his right ear. Imaging revealed right-sided skull base extension and a large @entity5 component. The @entity1 underwent a frontotemporal crainiotomy with concomitant ITF approach. Complete @entity5 resection was possible, though invasion of the otic capsule was present. Immediately postresection, a cochlear implant (CI) was performed via a transmastoid approach. Full electrode insertion was achieved and confirmed by visualization through the dehiscent middle fossa floor. @entity2267 was then performed with a free fat graft. Postoperative imaging confirmed complete @entity5 resection (Simpson grade I) and adequate CI placement. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 6 and 12 months, and no @entity5 recurrence was seen. Prior to CI activation, the @entity1 was completely deaf bilaterally. At 18-month follow-up, however, excellent hearing was achieved with the right CI (16 of 22 electrodes active), and the @entity1 is now conversational with no obvious deficit. His cognitive function is excellent, corresponding to preoperative status, and he is independent in his activities of daily living. Following adjuvant radiation, our @entity1 remains disease free at 18 months.

title: Concurrent Cochlear Implantation with Resection of Skull Base XXXX following Sudden @entity2319 in an Only Hearing Ear.

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['Hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 . METHODS: Data were obtained for 18 open inferior capsular shift surgeries in 15 adolescent @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. End points were subjective clinical outcome ( @entity158 , stability, satisfaction, return to sport), objective clinical outcome (recurrence, complications), and functional outcome scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand). RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (87%) reported improved @entity158 and stability and were satisfied with the procedure. Nine @entity1 (64%) were able to return to sports. One @entity1 (7%) was dissatisfied with continuous @entity158 and recurrent instability and considered a surgical failure. Seven @entity1 (47%) reported no further episodes of instability. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score at a mean of 7.5 years of follow-up was 88        10 points, and the mean score for the 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand was 14        14 points. DISCUSSION: The management of multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescent @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 is challenging. Open inferior capsular shift results in improvement in subjective and objective shoulder function and stability in adolescent @entity1 with @entity41713 or @entity4243 who have failed nonoperative treatment. We found no effect of the recalled number of prior dislocations, laterality, and type of hyperlaxity on subjective and objective clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study.

title: Open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescents with generalized XXXX or @entity4243 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41713 :: ('MESH:C536448', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous hyperlaxity']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'Ehlers-Danlos']

answer: @entity41713 :: (MESH:C536448,Disease) :: ['ligamentous hyperlaxity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the outcome of open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 . METHODS: Data were obtained for 18 open inferior capsular shift surgeries in 15 adolescent @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. End points were subjective clinical outcome ( @entity158 , stability, satisfaction, return to sport), objective clinical outcome (recurrence, complications), and functional outcome scores (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand). RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (87%) reported improved @entity158 and stability and were satisfied with the procedure. Nine @entity1 (64%) were able to return to sports. One @entity1 (7%) was dissatisfied with continuous @entity158 and recurrent instability and considered a surgical failure. Seven @entity1 (47%) reported no further episodes of instability. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score at a mean of 7.5 years of follow-up was 88        10 points, and the mean score for the 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand was 14        14 points. DISCUSSION: The management of multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescent @entity1 with generalized @entity41713 or @entity4243 is challenging. Open inferior capsular shift results in improvement in subjective and objective shoulder function and stability in adolescent @entity1 with @entity41713 or @entity4243 who have failed nonoperative treatment. We found no effect of the recalled number of prior dislocations, laterality, and type of hyperlaxity on subjective and objective clinical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV; Case Series; Treatment Study.

title: Open inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability in adolescents with generalized @entity41713 or XXXX .

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']


abstract: Stenting may provide a new, less invasive therapeutic option for @entity438 . However, a conventional porous stent may be insufficient in modifying the blood flow for clinical @entity439 . We designed an asymmetric stent consisting of a low porosity patch welded onto a porous stent for an @entity438 of a specific @entity1 geometry to block the strong inflow jet. To evaluate the effect of the patch on aneurysmal flow dynamics, we "virtually" implanted it into the @entity1 's @entity439 geometry and performed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analysis. The patch was computationally deformed to fit into the vessel lumen segmented from the @entity1 CT reconstructions. After the flow calculations, a patch with the same design was fabricated using laser cutting techniques and welded onto a commercial porous stent, creating a @entity1 -specific asymmetric stent. This stent was implanted into a phantom, which was imaged with X-ray angiography. The hemodynamics of untreated and stented @entity439 were compared both computationally and experimentally. It was found from @entity5173 of the @entity1 @entity439 that the asymmetric stent effectively blocked the strong inflow jet into the @entity439 and eliminated the flow impingement on the @entity439 wall at the dome. The impact zone with elevated wall shear stress was eliminated, the aneurysmal flow activity was substantially reduced, and the flow was considerably reduced. Experimental observations corresponded well qualitatively with the @entity5173 results. The demonstrated asymmetric stent could lead to a new minimally invasive image guided intervention to reduce @entity439 growth and @entity397 .

title: Evaluation of an asymmetric stent patch design for a @entity1 specific @entity438 using Computational Fluid Dynamic ( XXXX ) calculations in the Computed Tomography (CT) derived lumen.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'anterior cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['CFD']


abstract: Stenting may provide a new, less invasive therapeutic option for @entity438 . However, a conventional porous stent may be insufficient in modifying the blood flow for clinical @entity439 . We designed an asymmetric stent consisting of a low porosity patch welded onto a porous stent for an @entity438 of a specific @entity1 geometry to block the strong inflow jet. To evaluate the effect of the patch on aneurysmal flow dynamics, we "virtually" implanted it into the @entity1 's @entity439 geometry and performed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analysis. The patch was computationally deformed to fit into the vessel lumen segmented from the @entity1 CT reconstructions. After the flow calculations, a patch with the same design was fabricated using laser cutting techniques and welded onto a commercial porous stent, creating a @entity1 -specific asymmetric stent. This stent was implanted into a phantom, which was imaged with X-ray angiography. The hemodynamics of untreated and stented @entity439 were compared both computationally and experimentally. It was found from @entity5173 of the @entity1 @entity439 that the asymmetric stent effectively blocked the strong inflow jet into the @entity439 and eliminated the flow impingement on the @entity439 wall at the dome. The impact zone with elevated wall shear stress was eliminated, the aneurysmal flow activity was substantially reduced, and the flow was considerably reduced. Experimental observations corresponded well qualitatively with the @entity5173 results. The demonstrated asymmetric stent could lead to a new minimally invasive image guided intervention to reduce @entity439 growth and @entity397 .

title: Evaluation of an asymmetric stent patch design for a @entity1 specific XXXX using Computational Fluid Dynamic ( @entity5173 ) calculations in the Computed Tomography (CT) derived lumen.

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: Stenting may provide a new, less invasive therapeutic option for @entity438 . However, a conventional porous stent may be insufficient in modifying the blood flow for clinical @entity439 . We designed an asymmetric stent consisting of a low porosity patch welded onto a porous stent for an @entity438 of a specific @entity1 geometry to block the strong inflow jet. To evaluate the effect of the patch on aneurysmal flow dynamics, we "virtually" implanted it into the @entity1 's @entity439 geometry and performed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analysis. The patch was computationally deformed to fit into the vessel lumen segmented from the @entity1 CT reconstructions. After the flow calculations, a patch with the same design was fabricated using laser cutting techniques and welded onto a commercial porous stent, creating a @entity1 -specific asymmetric stent. This stent was implanted into a phantom, which was imaged with X-ray angiography. The hemodynamics of untreated and stented @entity439 were compared both computationally and experimentally. It was found from @entity5173 of the @entity1 @entity439 that the asymmetric stent effectively blocked the strong inflow jet into the @entity439 and eliminated the flow impingement on the @entity439 wall at the dome. The impact zone with elevated wall shear stress was eliminated, the aneurysmal flow activity was substantially reduced, and the flow was considerably reduced. Experimental observations corresponded well qualitatively with the @entity5173 results. The demonstrated asymmetric stent could lead to a new minimally invasive image guided intervention to reduce @entity439 growth and @entity397 .

title: Evaluation of an asymmetric stent patch design for a XXXX specific @entity438 using Computational Fluid Dynamic ( @entity5173 ) calculations in the Computed Tomography (CT) derived lumen.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Invasion and @entity3 are the main cause of @entity204 in @entity5 @entity1 . The initial step of invasion is the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by primary @entity5 cells in a tissue. Membranous metalloproteinase @entity1551 and soluble metalloproteinase @entity1476 are thought to play an important role in the degradation of ECM. In the previous report, we found that the repetitive insertion of @entity1551 to invadopodia was crucial for the effective degradation of ECM (Hoshino, D., et al., PLoS Comp. Biol., 2012, e1002479). However, the role of @entity1476 and the effect of inhibitors for these ECM-degrading proteases were still obscure. Here we investigated these two problems by using the same model as in the previous report. First we tested the effect of @entity1476 and found that while @entity1551 played a major role in the degradation of ECM, @entity1476 played only a marginal effect on the degradation of ECM. Based on these findings, we next tested the effect of a putative inhibitor for @entity1551 and found that such inhibitor was ineffective in blocking ECM degradation. Then we tested combined strategy including inhibitor for @entity1551 , reduction of its turnover and its content in vesicles. A synergistic effect of combined strategy was observed in the decrease in the efficacy of ECM degradation. Our simulation study suggests the importance of combined strategy in blocking @entity5 invasion and @entity3 .

title: Synergistic effect of blocking XXXX cell invasion revealed by computer simulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ), the most lethal long-term complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), is the culmination of a complex sequence of molecular and histologic derangements of the colon epithelium that are initiated and at least partially sustained by @entity1162 . @entity1141 , the earliest histologic manifestation of this process, plays an important role in @entity5 prevention by providing the first clinical alert that this sequence is under way and by serving as an endpoint in colonoscopic surveillance of @entity1 at high risk for @entity14 . @entity4256 ( @entity4256 ) is indicated for @entity1 with @entity29 , specifically for @entity31 that is refractory to medical treatment, emergency conditions, and/or in case of @entity5 . Even after @entity4256 with mucosectomy, pouch-related @entity189 have recently been reported with increasing frequency since the first report in 1984. We review @entity29 -associated @entity14 and pouch-related @entity5 prevalence, adverse events, risk factors, and surveillances. METHODS: Literature of @entity29 -associated @entity14 @entity1 and those undergoing @entity4256 surgeries through 2010 were prospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We found 12 studies from retrospective series and 15 case reports. To date, there are 43 reported cases of pouch-related @entity5 . Thirty-two @entity1 had @entity5 in the anal transit zone ( @entity10664 ); of these, 28 @entity1 had mucosectomy. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 found in the pouch body. CONCLUSION: @entity4256 with mucosectomy does not necessarily eliminate risks. There is little evidence to support routine surveillance of pouch mucosa and the ATZ except for @entity1 associated with histological type C changes, sclerosing @entity255 , and unremitting @entity5042 .

title: XXXX : proctocolectomy and mucosectomy do not necessarily eliminate pouch-related @entity5 incidences.

entities_list: @entity4256 :: ('MESH:D054019', 'Disease') :: ['Restorative proctocolectomy', 'RPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ), the most lethal long-term complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), is the culmination of a complex sequence of molecular and histologic derangements of the colon epithelium that are initiated and at least partially sustained by @entity1162 . @entity1141 , the earliest histologic manifestation of this process, plays an important role in @entity5 prevention by providing the first clinical alert that this sequence is under way and by serving as an endpoint in colonoscopic surveillance of @entity1 at high risk for @entity14 . @entity4256 ( @entity4256 ) is indicated for @entity1 with @entity29 , specifically for @entity31 that is refractory to medical treatment, emergency conditions, and/or in case of @entity5 . Even after @entity4256 with mucosectomy, pouch-related @entity189 have recently been reported with increasing frequency since the first report in 1984. We review @entity29 -associated @entity14 and pouch-related @entity5 prevalence, adverse events, risk factors, and surveillances. METHODS: Literature of @entity29 -associated @entity14 @entity1 and those undergoing @entity4256 surgeries through 2010 were prospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We found 12 studies from retrospective series and 15 case reports. To date, there are 43 reported cases of pouch-related @entity5 . Thirty-two @entity1 had @entity5 in the anal transit zone ( @entity10664 ); of these, 28 @entity1 had mucosectomy. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 found in the pouch body. CONCLUSION: @entity4256 with mucosectomy does not necessarily eliminate risks. There is little evidence to support routine surveillance of pouch mucosa and the ATZ except for @entity1 associated with histological type C changes, sclerosing @entity255 , and unremitting @entity5042 .

title: @entity14 : proctocolectomy and mucosectomy do not necessarily eliminate pouch-related XXXX incidences.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A heterogeneous population of ependymal cells lines the brain ventricles. The evidence about the origin and birth dates of these cell populations is scarce. Furthermore, the possibility that mature ependymal cells are born (ependymogenesis) or self-renewed (ependymal proliferation) postnatally is controversial. The present study was designed to investigate both phenomena in wild-type (wt) and hydrocephalic @entity72772 mutant (hyh) @entity19 at different postnatal stages. In wt @entity19 , proliferating cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) were only found in two distinct regions: the dorsal walls of the third ventricle and Sylvian aqueduct (SA). Most proliferating cells were monociliated and nestin+, likely corresponding to radial glial cells. Postnatal cumulative @entity1603 -labeling showed that most daughter cells remained in the VZ of both regions and they lost nestin-immunoreactivity. Furthermore, some labeled cells became multiciliated and @entity29408 +, indicating they were ependymal cells born postnatally. Postnatal pulse @entity1603 -labeling and Ki-67 immunostaining further demonstrated the presence of cycling multiciliated ependymal cells. In hydrocephalic mutants, the dorsal walls of the third ventricle and SA expanded enormously and showed neither ependymal disruption nor ventriculostomies. This phenomenon was sustained by an increased ependymogenesis. Consequently, in addition to the physical and geometrical mechanisms traditionally explaining ventricular enlargement in fetal-onset @entity1276 , we propose that postnatal ependymogenesis could also play a role. Furthermore, as generation of new ependymal cells during postnatal stages was observed in distinct regions of the ventricular walls, such as the roof of the third ventricle, it may be a key mechanism involved in the development of @entity1 type 1 interhemispheric cysts.

title: New ependymal cells are born postnatally in two discrete regions of the @entity19 brain and support ventricular enlargement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A heterogeneous population of ependymal cells lines the brain ventricles. The evidence about the origin and birth dates of these cell populations is scarce. Furthermore, the possibility that mature ependymal cells are born (ependymogenesis) or self-renewed (ependymal proliferation) postnatally is controversial. The present study was designed to investigate both phenomena in wild-type (wt) and hydrocephalic @entity72772 mutant (hyh) @entity19 at different postnatal stages. In wt @entity19 , proliferating cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) were only found in two distinct regions: the dorsal walls of the third ventricle and Sylvian aqueduct (SA). Most proliferating cells were monociliated and nestin+, likely corresponding to radial glial cells. Postnatal cumulative @entity1603 -labeling showed that most daughter cells remained in the VZ of both regions and they lost nestin-immunoreactivity. Furthermore, some labeled cells became multiciliated and @entity29408 +, indicating they were ependymal cells born postnatally. Postnatal pulse @entity1603 -labeling and Ki-67 immunostaining further demonstrated the presence of cycling multiciliated ependymal cells. In hydrocephalic mutants, the dorsal walls of the third ventricle and SA expanded enormously and showed neither ependymal disruption nor ventriculostomies. This phenomenon was sustained by an increased ependymogenesis. Consequently, in addition to the physical and geometrical mechanisms traditionally explaining ventricular enlargement in fetal-onset @entity1276 , we propose that postnatal ependymogenesis could also play a role. Furthermore, as generation of new ependymal cells during postnatal stages was observed in distinct regions of the ventricular walls, such as the roof of the third ventricle, it may be a key mechanism involved in the development of @entity1 type 1 interhemispheric cysts.

title: New ependymal cells are born postnatally in two discrete regions of the XXXX brain and support ventricular enlargement in @entity1276 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine whether statistical associations can be demonstrated in @entity2194 between baseline clinical and laboratory parameters with visual acuity at presentation and with any change in visual acuity after treatment. METHODS: Charts of 26 @entity1 (42 eyes) with @entity2194 presenting to the @entity1596 clinic of the Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital were reviewed. A baseline cross-sectional analysis was performed in order to identify any association between visual acuity at presentation and demographic, clinical or laboratory parameters. After treatment, any analogy between these parameters and a change in visual acuity was subsequently assessed in a series of univariate comparisons. RESULTS: The following factors were associated with worse initial visual acuity: severity of @entity227 at presentation (p=0.012), macular @entity4 (p=0.004) and @entity1781 (p=0.031). There was a borderline association with the presence of @entity1333 on fluroangiography (p=0.072). Improvement in best corrected visual acuity after treatment was significantly associated with the presence of @entity1333 on fluroangiography (p=0.005), @entity13911 , according to lumbar puncture findings (p=0.037) and marginally with anterior @entity1596 (p=0.070). Inflammation relapse was associated with the coexistence of @entity158 as presenting sign (p<0.001) and with a longer duration of symptoms prior to the initial visit (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity32 associated with @entity1333 , vitritis or anterior @entity1596 in @entity2194 would appear to be a reversible phenomenon that responds well to appropriate antibiotic treatment, resulting in improvement in visual acuity. Prompt treatment enables a good visual prognosis, while any delay in therapy increases the risk of subsequent relapse.

title: Analysis of significant factors influencing visual acuity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13911 :: ('MESH:D009494', 'Disease') :: ['neurosyphilis']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular syphilis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field impairment']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular syphilis']


abstract: Several studies have investigated the orthonasal detection threshold for @entity544 ( @entity515 ) in @entity1 . The aim of current study was to investigate whether 24 healthy young subjects exhibited differences of @entity515 detection thresholds during orthonasal or retronasal stimulation. As nasal mucosa is believed to desensitize to @entity515 concentrations at or below 4% (v/v) during expiration, the second aim of the study was to explore the influence during nasal versus oral breathing on the detection thresholds. @entity515 stimuli of varying concentrations and a duration of 1000 ms were applied with an air-dilution olfactometer in either the anterior nasal cavity or the nasopharynx during nasal respectively oral breathing. In these 4 conditions, the mean @entity515 detection thresholds using the staircase forced-choice procedure were between 3.9% and 5.3% (v/v). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between orthonasal and retronasal stimulation. The @entity515 detection threshold was lower in retronasal stimulation. The nasopharyngeal mucosa is more sensitive to perithreshold @entity515 stimuli than the nasal mucosa. The breathing route had no influence on the detection thresholds. The results of this study indicate that the natural contact of the nasal mucosa with approximately 4% (v/v) @entity515 during nasal expiration does not influence @entity515 detection thresholds.

title: Comparison of the orthonasal and retronasal detection thresholds for XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Several studies have investigated the orthonasal detection threshold for @entity544 ( @entity515 ) in @entity1 . The aim of current study was to investigate whether 24 healthy young subjects exhibited differences of @entity515 detection thresholds during orthonasal or retronasal stimulation. As nasal mucosa is believed to desensitize to @entity515 concentrations at or below 4% (v/v) during expiration, the second aim of the study was to explore the influence during nasal versus oral breathing on the detection thresholds. @entity515 stimuli of varying concentrations and a duration of 1000 ms were applied with an air-dilution olfactometer in either the anterior nasal cavity or the nasopharynx during nasal respectively oral breathing. In these 4 conditions, the mean @entity515 detection thresholds using the staircase forced-choice procedure were between 3.9% and 5.3% (v/v). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between orthonasal and retronasal stimulation. The @entity515 detection threshold was lower in retronasal stimulation. The nasopharyngeal mucosa is more sensitive to perithreshold @entity515 stimuli than the nasal mucosa. The breathing route had no influence on the detection thresholds. The results of this study indicate that the natural contact of the nasal mucosa with approximately 4% (v/v) @entity515 during nasal expiration does not influence @entity515 detection thresholds.

title: Comparison of the orthonasal and retronasal detection thresholds for @entity544 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are a sensitive and specific marker for @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ). AMAs are present in 95% of @entity1 with @entity2835 . However, 5% do not have AMAs and data on these @entity1 is scarce. We aim to evaluate the long-term outcomes of @entity1 with AMA negative @entity2835 . Methods A retrospective chart review of 71 AMA negative @entity2835 @entity1 . Disease presentation, laboratory results, and clinical endpoints were recorded. AMA negative @entity1 were matched on year of diagnosis to a control group of 71 AMA positive @entity1 . Results Ninety-six percent of the AMA negative @entity1 were of female gender with a median age at diagnosis of 55 years and a length of follow-up of 7.5 years vs. 86% females, a median age of 56 and a follow-up of 8.3 years in the control group. Mean total @entity648 and alkaline phosphatase levels were 0.7   mg/dL vs. 0.6 and 570   U/L vs 341, in AMA negative vs. AMA positive @entity1 at presentation, respectively (p   =   NS). AMA negative @entity1 did not differ in terms of age, serum IgM levels, ANA status, or length of follow-up. Notably, AMA negative @entity1 had a significantly reduced survival free of liver-related complications including transplantation and @entity204 compared to AMA positive @entity1 (p   =   0.0182). Conclusion In this large experience, AMA negative @entity2835 @entity1 had a significantly worse prognosis compared to AMA positive @entity2835 @entity1 . The reason for the difference in prognosis is unclear, as it may be true difference or reflect delays in case detection among AMA negative @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcomes in antimitochondrial antibody negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) may develop several gait disturbances during the @entity221 and Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) is one of them. Several neuroimaging studies have been conducted to identify the neural correlates of @entity6556 but results have not been uniform. Resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is relatively less explored in @entity191 @entity1 with @entity6556 . This study aims to compare the whole brain resting state connectivity of @entity191 @entity1 with and without @entity6556 using rs-fMRI. METHODS: rs-fMRI was obtained for 28 @entity191 @entity1 (15 with and 13 @entity1 without @entity6556 ) who were matched for various demographic and clinical characteristics. Seed to voxel analysis was performed at whole brain level and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: When compared to @entity1 without @entity6556 , the @entity1 with @entity6556 had reduced functional connectivity across multiple seeds. Major finding was reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity of left parietal opercular cortex with multiple regions of the brain primarily involving the primary @entity2167 , which also negatively correlated with the FOGQ scores. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that alterations in the resting state functional connectivity of the opercular parietal cortex may be one of the substrates of @entity6556 . Reduced interhemispheric connectivity probably is the reason for impairment of control and coordination in bilateral leg movements while walking.

title: Freezing of gait in XXXX is associated with altered functional brain connectivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['somatosensory and auditory areas']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 with unresectable periampullary malignancy found at laparotomy has traditionally  received a prophylactic double bypass (biliary and duodenal), associated with considerable morbidity. With modern endoscopic treatments, surgical bypass has become questionable. This study aims to compare the two strategies. Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) performs a double bypass (DoB) routinely, and Sk  ne University Hospital Lund (SUL) secures biliary drainage endoscopically and treats only symptomatic @entity9727 (Wait and See, WaS). METHOD: Between 2004 and 2013, 73 @entity1 from SU and 70 from SUL were retrospectively identified. Demographics, @entity5 -related factors and postoperative outcomes during the remaining lifetime were noted. RESULTS: The DoB group had significantly more complications (67% vs. 31%, p  =  0.00002) and longer hospital stay (14 vs. 8 days, p  =  0.001) than the WaS-group. The two groups had similar proportion of @entity1 in need of readmission. The DoB @entity1 and the WaS @entity1 with metallic biliary stents were comparable regarding their need of re-interventions and hospitalisation due to @entity253 . Surgical  duodenal bypass did not prevent future @entity9727 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with unresectable periampullary malignancies can safely be managed with endoscopic drainage on demand and with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay than with surgical prophylactic bypass.

title: A wait-and-see strategy with subsequent self-expanding metal stent on demand is superior to prophylactic bypass surgery for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction', 'duodenal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate outcomes of @entity1 treated with endovascular repair (ER) with the use of fenestrated and branched stent grafts or @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) for @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) in a current series of @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity2334 @entity1 undergoing repair at three centers between January 2007 and December 2014 were included in a prospective database. @entity1 were stratified according to treatment by ER or @entity1538 , and outcomes were compared using propensity score matching (1:1). Covariates included age, sex, @entity439 extent, @entity101 , @entity301 , @entity358 , @entity6 , and renal function. The primary end points were mortality and @entity451 . Secondary end points included any @entity2759 ( @entity2759 ), @entity177 , and a composite of these complications or @entity204 at 30  days. All-cause survival and freedom from reintervention were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: Of 341 @entity1 , 84 (25%) underwent ER and 257 underwent @entity1538 (75%). After propensity score matching (65 @entity1 per group), no significant differences were observed in rates of 30-day mortality (7.7% in ER and 6.2% in @entity1538 ; P  = 1) and @entity451 (9.2% and 10.8%; P  = 1). Any @entity2759 , @entity177 , and @entity1576 were 12.3% and 20% (P  = .34), 9.2% and 12.3% (P  = .78), and 0% and 12.3% (P  = .006) in ER and @entity1538 , respectively. The incidence of the composite end point was significantly lower in ER @entity1 (18.5% in ER vs 36.0% in @entity1538 ; P  =.03). According to Kaplan-Meier estimates, all-cause survival at 24  months was 82.8% in ER and 84.9% in @entity1538 , with rates unchanged at 42  months (P  = .9). Rates of freedom from reintervention were 91.0% vs 89.7% at 24  months and 80.0% vs 79.9% at 42  months in ER vs @entity1538 , respectively (P  = .3). CONCLUSIONS: A propensity score analysis in @entity1 with @entity2334 undergoing repair suggests an early benefit from ER compared with @entity1538 with regard to the composite end point because of reduced 30-day respiratory complications. No significant differences were found in @entity2759 and @entity177 at 30  days and in survival and reintervention rates at midterm.

title: A propensity-matched comparison for endovascular and open repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open surgery', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and respiratory insufficiency', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In aging, a host of molecular and cellular changes occur which accelerate alteration and progression of @entity32 . These conditions in the elderly @entity1 cause appearance of a phenomenon which has been denoted as "inflammaging". Understanding the pathogenesis and finding new methods for management of inflammaging are essential. PURPOSE: In this paper we tried not only to explain inflammaging and its treatments with concentrating on medical plants but to collect a sufficient collection of anti-inflammatory plants with focusing on their mechanism of action. METHOD: In this review paper, by searching in indexing cites, desired articles were obtained since 1995 by using keywords of @entity32 , inflammaging, @entity32 pathophysiology, free radicals and @entity32 , aging @entity32 , @entity32 , and plants or herbal medicine in @entity32 . SECTIONS: In advanced age the generation of free radicals @entity65 . @entity32 is also associated with production of excess free radicals More importantly, chronic @entity32 makes aged @entity1 susceptible to age-related diseases. Some medicinal plants have been shown promising results in inhibition of inflammaging. Some other sections such as @entity32 and inflammaging in @entity65 , oxidative stress in @entity65 , prevention and treatment strategies are presented. CONCLUSION: The results of published papers show that the symptoms of several @entity32 can be inhibited or treated by active ingredients from medicinal plants.

title: Inflammaging and XXXX : Management by medicinal plants.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological inflammation', 'inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increases in cardiovascular system', 'cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen enables the dynamic assessment of the perfusion of this organ, however, both subjective and quantitative evaluation can be strongly influenced by sedative agent administration. The purpose of this prospective, experimental study was to test effects of two sedative agents on splenic perfusion during contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen in a sample of healthy @entity235 . Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen was repeated in six healthy Beagles following a cross-over study design comparing three protocols: awake, @entity12691 0.2 mg/Kg intramuscular (IM), and @entity6948 500  g/m(2) IM. After intravenous injection of a phospholipid stabilized @entity9809 microbubble solution ( @entity67217  , Bracco Imaging, Milano, Italy), the enhancement intensity and perfusion pattern of the splenic parenchyma were assessed and perfusion parameters were calculated. Normal spleen was slightly heterogeneous in the early phase, but the parenchyma was homogeneous at a later phase. Sedation with @entity12691 did not modify perfusion of the spleen. @entity6948 significantly reduced splenic enhancement, providing diffuse parenchymal hypoechogenicity during the entire examination. Measured parameters were significantly modified, with increased @entity1054 ( @entity1129 ; ( < 0.0001) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; P < 0.0001), and decreased peak intensity (PI; P = 0.0108), wash-in (P = 0.0014), and area under the curve (AUC; P = 0.0421). Findings supported the use of @entity12691 and contraindicated the use of @entity6948 as sedatives for splenic contrast ultrasound procedures in @entity235 . Short-term and diffuse heterogeneity of the spleen in the early venous phase was determined to be a normal finding.

title: EFFECT OF SEDATION ON CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE SPLEEN IN HEALTHY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur hexafluoride']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'arrival time', 'time to peak']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['DOGS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1184 may play a role in velopharyngeal closure especially in @entity1 with palatal abnormality; adenoidectomy may lead to @entity1739 and hyper nasal speech. @entity1 with @entity2419 even after repair should not undergo adenoidectomy unless absolutely needed, and in such situations, conservative or partial adenoidectomy is performed to avoid the occurrence of @entity1739 . Trans-oral endoscopic adenoidectomy enables the surgeon to inspect the velopharyngeal valve during the procedure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy on the speech of @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 underwent transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy to relieve their @entity1224 . The procedure was completely visualized with the use of a 70   4mm nasal endoscope; the upper part of the adenoid was removed using adenoid curette and St. Claire Thompson forceps, while the lower part was retained to maintain the velopharyngeal competence. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of speech was performed, subjectively by auditory perceptual assessment, and objectively by nasometric assessment. RESULTS: Speech was not adversely affected after surgery. The difference between preoperative and postoperative auditory perceptual assessment and nasalance scores for nasal and oral sentences was insignificant (p=0.231, 0.442, 0.118 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy is a safe method; it does not worsen the speech of repaired @entity2419 @entity1 . It enables the surgeon to strictly inspect the velopharyngeal valve during the procedure with better determination of the adenoidal part that may contribute in velopharyngeal closure.

title: Trans-oral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy does not worsen the speech after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67415 , a major @entity16497 family kinase (SFK) member that is densely expressed in striatal neurons, is actively involved in the regulation of cellular and synaptic activities in local neurons. This SFK member is likely regulated by @entity935 signaling through a receptor mechanism involving @entity935 D2 receptors (D2Rs). This study characterizes the D2R-dependent regulation of @entity67415 in the @entity35 striatum in vivo. Moreover, we explore whether D2Rs regulate metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) in its @entity4149 phosphorylation and whether the D2R-SFK pathway modulates trafficking of @entity10092 . We found that blockade of D2Rs by systemic administration of a D2R antagonist, @entity12174 , substantially increased SFK phosphorylation in the striatum. This increase was a transient and reversible event. The @entity12174 -induced SFK phosphorylation occurred predominantly in immunopurified @entity67415 but not in another SFK member, @entity16497 . @entity12174 also elevated @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity10092 . In parallel, @entity12174 enhanced synaptic delivery of active @entity67415 and @entity10092 . Pretreatment with an SFK inhibitor blocked the @entity12174 -induced @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic trafficking of @entity10092 . These results indicate that D2Rs inhibit SFK (mainly @entity67415 ) phosphorylation in the striatum. D2Rs also inhibit @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of @entity10092 through a signaling mechanism likely involving @entity67415 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity935 D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of @entity67415 and metabotropic XXXX receptor 5 phosphorylation in the @entity35 striatum in vivo.

entities_list: @entity12174 :: ('MESH:C045989', 'Chemical') :: ['Eticlopride', 'eticlopride']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67415 , a major @entity16497 family kinase (SFK) member that is densely expressed in striatal neurons, is actively involved in the regulation of cellular and synaptic activities in local neurons. This SFK member is likely regulated by @entity935 signaling through a receptor mechanism involving @entity935 D2 receptors (D2Rs). This study characterizes the D2R-dependent regulation of @entity67415 in the @entity35 striatum in vivo. Moreover, we explore whether D2Rs regulate metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) in its @entity4149 phosphorylation and whether the D2R-SFK pathway modulates trafficking of @entity10092 . We found that blockade of D2Rs by systemic administration of a D2R antagonist, @entity12174 , substantially increased SFK phosphorylation in the striatum. This increase was a transient and reversible event. The @entity12174 -induced SFK phosphorylation occurred predominantly in immunopurified @entity67415 but not in another SFK member, @entity16497 . @entity12174 also elevated @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity10092 . In parallel, @entity12174 enhanced synaptic delivery of active @entity67415 and @entity10092 . Pretreatment with an SFK inhibitor blocked the @entity12174 -induced @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic trafficking of @entity10092 . These results indicate that D2Rs inhibit SFK (mainly @entity67415 ) phosphorylation in the striatum. D2Rs also inhibit @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of @entity10092 through a signaling mechanism likely involving @entity67415 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of @entity67415 and metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 phosphorylation in the @entity35 striatum in vivo.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67415 , a major @entity16497 family kinase (SFK) member that is densely expressed in striatal neurons, is actively involved in the regulation of cellular and synaptic activities in local neurons. This SFK member is likely regulated by @entity935 signaling through a receptor mechanism involving @entity935 D2 receptors (D2Rs). This study characterizes the D2R-dependent regulation of @entity67415 in the @entity35 striatum in vivo. Moreover, we explore whether D2Rs regulate metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) in its @entity4149 phosphorylation and whether the D2R-SFK pathway modulates trafficking of @entity10092 . We found that blockade of D2Rs by systemic administration of a D2R antagonist, @entity12174 , substantially increased SFK phosphorylation in the striatum. This increase was a transient and reversible event. The @entity12174 -induced SFK phosphorylation occurred predominantly in immunopurified @entity67415 but not in another SFK member, @entity16497 . @entity12174 also elevated @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity10092 . In parallel, @entity12174 enhanced synaptic delivery of active @entity67415 and @entity10092 . Pretreatment with an SFK inhibitor blocked the @entity12174 -induced @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic trafficking of @entity10092 . These results indicate that D2Rs inhibit SFK (mainly @entity67415 ) phosphorylation in the striatum. D2Rs also inhibit @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of @entity10092 through a signaling mechanism likely involving @entity67415 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity935 D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of XXXX and metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 phosphorylation in the @entity35 striatum in vivo.

answer: @entity67415 :: (25150(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['fyn']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67415 , a major @entity16497 family kinase (SFK) member that is densely expressed in striatal neurons, is actively involved in the regulation of cellular and synaptic activities in local neurons. This SFK member is likely regulated by @entity935 signaling through a receptor mechanism involving @entity935 D2 receptors (D2Rs). This study characterizes the D2R-dependent regulation of @entity67415 in the @entity35 striatum in vivo. Moreover, we explore whether D2Rs regulate metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) in its @entity4149 phosphorylation and whether the D2R-SFK pathway modulates trafficking of @entity10092 . We found that blockade of D2Rs by systemic administration of a D2R antagonist, @entity12174 , substantially increased SFK phosphorylation in the striatum. This increase was a transient and reversible event. The @entity12174 -induced SFK phosphorylation occurred predominantly in immunopurified @entity67415 but not in another SFK member, @entity16497 . @entity12174 also elevated @entity4149 phosphorylation of @entity10092 . In parallel, @entity12174 enhanced synaptic delivery of active @entity67415 and @entity10092 . Pretreatment with an SFK inhibitor blocked the @entity12174 -induced @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic trafficking of @entity10092 . These results indicate that D2Rs inhibit SFK (mainly @entity67415 ) phosphorylation in the striatum. D2Rs also inhibit @entity4149 phosphorylation and synaptic recruitment of @entity10092 through a signaling mechanism likely involving @entity67415 .    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity935 D2 receptors are involved in the regulation of @entity67415 and metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 phosphorylation in the XXXX striatum in vivo.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) for recognition of coronary plaque morphologies and to assess additive values of integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) in detection of vulnerable plaque. BACKGROUND: Precise diagnosis of @entity301 susceptible to @entity397 and @entity715 may serve to stratify the risk of future coronary events and to make decisions for appropriate treatment of choice. METHODS: Twenty-seven coronary arteries from 14 @entity1 autopsy hearts were interrogated ex  vivo by OFDI and IB-IVUS. Imaged segments were sectioned at 3 mm intervals where a total of 360 pairs of cross-sectional images coregistered to histology were investigated. RESULTS: Overall, OFDI could depict various plaque components and structures such as fibrous tissue, sheet and nodular calcification, lipid, @entity165 crystals, and healed @entity397 . OFDI could detect 14 of 18 thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA), however, the diagnostic accuracy was not high (positive predictive value [ @entity2286 ]  = 60.9%, k  =  0.664; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.88) mainly because of signal interference from macrophages. Further, we defined IB-IVUS-derived TCFA by recursive partitioning analysis as: 1) cross-sectional % lipid area >65.1%; 2) % lipid  area >32.3 but  <65.1% with plaque area >10.5 mm(2), where TCFA detection by IB-IVUS alone was marginal ( @entity2286  =  50.0%, k  = 0.545; AUC: 0.82). However, when IB-IVUS was combined with OFDI, all pseudo OFDI-derived TCFA (non-TCFA on histology) were excluded. Accordingly, @entity2286 of TCFAs diagnosed by both OFDI and IB-IVUS was improved to 100.0% (k  = 0.704; AUC: 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: OFDI could recognize detailed morphologies of @entity1 coronary plaque. However, diagnostic accuracy of both OFDI alone and IB-IVUS alone to identify TCFA is limited. Combination of IB-IVUS with OFDI improved the accuracy for TCFA detection, suggesting hybrid imaging or further development of novel devices will be required to identify @entity301 responsible for future events.

title: Additive Value of Integrated Backscatter IVUS for Detection of Vulnerable Plaque by Optical Frequency Domain Imaging: An Ex  Vivo Autopsy Study of XXXX Coronary Arteries.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: This study reports that treatment of @entity154 with different growth factors initiates distinct rates of repair. We developed a new method for monitoring the progression of repair, based upon measuring the in vivo mechanical properties of healing bone. Two different members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family were chosen to initiate defect healing: @entity2095 to induce osteogenesis, and @entity72773 to induce chondrogenesis. To evaluate bone healing, BMPs were implanted into stabilised 5  mm bone defects in @entity35 femurs and compared to controls. During the first two weeks, in vivo biomechanical measurements showed similar values regardless of the treatment used. However, 2 weeks after surgery, the rhBMP-2 group had a substantial increase in stiffness, which was supported by the imaging modalities. Although the rhGDF-5 group showed comparable mechanical properties at 6 weeks as the rhBMP-2 group, the temporal development of regenerating tissues appeared different with rhGDF-5, resulting in a smaller callus and delayed tissue mineralisation. Moreover, histology showed the presence of cartilage in the rhGDF-5 group whereas the rhBMP-2 group had no cartilaginous tissue. Therefore, this study shows that rhBMP-2 and rhGDF-5 treated defects, under the same conditions, use distinct rates of bone healing as shown by the tissue mechanical properties. Furthermore, results showed that in vivo biomechanical method is capable of detecting differences in healing rate by means of change in @entity2693 due to tissue mineralisation.

title: Time kinetics of bone defect healing in response to @entity2095 and XXXX characterised by in vivo biomechanics.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity72773 :: ('252835(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['growth-and-differentiation factor (GDF)-5']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['callus stiffness']

answer: @entity72773 :: (252835(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GDF-5']


abstract: This study reports that treatment of @entity154 with different growth factors initiates distinct rates of repair. We developed a new method for monitoring the progression of repair, based upon measuring the in vivo mechanical properties of healing bone. Two different members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family were chosen to initiate defect healing: @entity2095 to induce osteogenesis, and @entity72773 to induce chondrogenesis. To evaluate bone healing, BMPs were implanted into stabilised 5  mm bone defects in @entity35 femurs and compared to controls. During the first two weeks, in vivo biomechanical measurements showed similar values regardless of the treatment used. However, 2 weeks after surgery, the rhBMP-2 group had a substantial increase in stiffness, which was supported by the imaging modalities. Although the rhGDF-5 group showed comparable mechanical properties at 6 weeks as the rhBMP-2 group, the temporal development of regenerating tissues appeared different with rhGDF-5, resulting in a smaller callus and delayed tissue mineralisation. Moreover, histology showed the presence of cartilage in the rhGDF-5 group whereas the rhBMP-2 group had no cartilaginous tissue. Therefore, this study shows that rhBMP-2 and rhGDF-5 treated defects, under the same conditions, use distinct rates of bone healing as shown by the tissue mechanical properties. Furthermore, results showed that in vivo biomechanical method is capable of detecting differences in healing rate by means of change in @entity2693 due to tissue mineralisation.

title: Time kinetics of bone defect healing in response to XXXX and @entity72773 characterised by in vivo biomechanics.

answer: @entity2095 :: (29373(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['BMP-2']


abstract: @entity51 among @entity161 @entity1 have been consistently documented in research over the past 20 years and are reviewed in this chapter. Discussion of general abilities is presented as a background and is followed by analysis of functioning in specific cognitive domains. Overall intellectual deficits are indicated by results from both general intelligence tests and composite test battery scores. Within specific cognitive domains, effect size differences are noted in numerous areas, including attention, with indications that working memory is affected more severely than simple attention, likely due to inclusion of an executive component in such tasks. There is also evidence of slowed processing speed among @entity161 @entity1 , likely contributing to deficits in other domains which rely on rapid and efficient assimilation of information. @entity73 have been found on tests assessing set-shifting abilities, selective attention, and inhibition of inappropriate responses. @entity4207 have been demonstrated extensively, with some evidence that recall of verbal material is more affected than recall of visual information, and that recognition abilities are comparatively less impaired than recall for both modalities. Receptive and expressive language abilities are compromised in @entity161 @entity1 , as well as visual perceptual, constructional, and fine motor skills. Social cognition is an area of particular importance due to its relevance to functional outcome. Deficits in expression and recognition of facial and prosodic affect have been demonstrated, although subjective experience of emotion appears to be relatively well preserved. @entity51 described in this review appear to generally remain stable throughout adulthood, supporting neurodevelopmental, rather than neurodegenerative, models of the illness. Finally, @entity73 are increasingly used as endophenotypes, which is likely an important direction of future research.

title: Neurocognition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Executive impairments', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Learning and memory deficits']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated review on the clinical experience in laparoscopic liver resection, specifically for @entity157 . METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE was conducted for all English papers up to May 2010 on laparoscopic liver resection for @entity157 . @entity1 characteristics, perioperative results, and oncologic outcomes were compared and analysed. RESULTS: We analysed 11 clinical studies involving 466 @entity157 @entity1 treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy. Thirty-seven (9%) @entity1 underwent major resection. @entity82 occurred in 62%. The mean operative time was 189.5 min, and the mean @entity190 was 315.6 mL. Blood transfusion was required in 14.6% of @entity1 . There were two operative deaths. @entity260 included @entity1157 (1%), @entity548 (2.9%), @entity1578 (5.1%), and @entity843 (6%). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year disease-free survival rates ranged from 60% to 90%, 50% to 64%, and 31% to 50%, respectively, and the corresponding overall survival rates ranged from 85% to 100%, 67% to 100%, and 50% to 97% respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic liver resection for @entity157 appears to be safe and to achieve acceptable oncologic outcomes even in cirrhotic livers, but whether it is comparable to conventional open surgery needs to be evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial setting.

title: Laparoscopic liver resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Due to the wide range of pesticides that can be used in agriculture, the development of fast multiresidue methods that simultaneously determine polar and non-polar pesticides is greatly demanded. This study shows the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of 98 non-polar pesticides and 28 polar pesticides in soil. A simultaneous extraction step by pressurized liquid extraction was utilized. The optimum results were obtained using @entity1046 - @entity1042 (3:1, v/v) with 2 min of preheat time and 85 degrees C as the extraction temperature. The final determination of non-polar pesticides was performed by GC, whereas polar pesticides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Both GC and UPLC were coupled to triple-quadrupole analyzers operating in tandem @entity15 . The optimized extraction procedure was validated. The average extraction recoveries were in the range 72-108% (10 microg/kg) and 71-106% (50 microg/kg), with RSD values < or = 26%. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and matrix-matched standard calibration was finally applied for quantification. The suitability of the method was also checked by the analysis of a certified reference material. Furthermore, 26 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed methods in order to assess their applicability. Several pesticides (e.g., @entity9687 , @entity20346 , or @entity1304 ) were found in the samples.

title: Use of pressurized liquid extraction for the simultaneous analysis of 28 polar and 94 non-polar pesticides in agricultural soils by GC/QqQ- @entity15 / XXXX and UPLC/QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity20346 :: ('MESH:C032910', 'Chemical') :: ['triadimefon']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity9687 :: ('MESH:C099952', 'Chemical') :: ['bifenthrin']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Due to the wide range of pesticides that can be used in agriculture, the development of fast multiresidue methods that simultaneously determine polar and non-polar pesticides is greatly demanded. This study shows the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of 98 non-polar pesticides and 28 polar pesticides in soil. A simultaneous extraction step by pressurized liquid extraction was utilized. The optimum results were obtained using @entity1046 - @entity1042 (3:1, v/v) with 2 min of preheat time and 85 degrees C as the extraction temperature. The final determination of non-polar pesticides was performed by GC, whereas polar pesticides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Both GC and UPLC were coupled to triple-quadrupole analyzers operating in tandem @entity15 . The optimized extraction procedure was validated. The average extraction recoveries were in the range 72-108% (10 microg/kg) and 71-106% (50 microg/kg), with RSD values < or = 26%. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and matrix-matched standard calibration was finally applied for quantification. The suitability of the method was also checked by the analysis of a certified reference material. Furthermore, 26 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed methods in order to assess their applicability. Several pesticides (e.g., @entity9687 , @entity20346 , or @entity1304 ) were found in the samples.

title: Use of pressurized liquid extraction for the simultaneous analysis of 28 polar and 94 non-polar pesticides in agricultural soils by GC/QqQ- XXXX / @entity15 and UPLC/QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Due to the wide range of pesticides that can be used in agriculture, the development of fast multiresidue methods that simultaneously determine polar and non-polar pesticides is greatly demanded. This study shows the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of 98 non-polar pesticides and 28 polar pesticides in soil. A simultaneous extraction step by pressurized liquid extraction was utilized. The optimum results were obtained using @entity1046 - @entity1042 (3:1, v/v) with 2 min of preheat time and 85 degrees C as the extraction temperature. The final determination of non-polar pesticides was performed by GC, whereas polar pesticides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Both GC and UPLC were coupled to triple-quadrupole analyzers operating in tandem @entity15 . The optimized extraction procedure was validated. The average extraction recoveries were in the range 72-108% (10 microg/kg) and 71-106% (50 microg/kg), with RSD values < or = 26%. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and matrix-matched standard calibration was finally applied for quantification. The suitability of the method was also checked by the analysis of a certified reference material. Furthermore, 26 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed methods in order to assess their applicability. Several pesticides (e.g., @entity9687 , @entity20346 , or @entity1304 ) were found in the samples.

title: Use of pressurized liquid extraction for the simultaneous analysis of 28 polar and 94 non-polar pesticides in agricultural soils by GC/QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 and UPLC/QqQ- XXXX / @entity15 .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Due to the wide range of pesticides that can be used in agriculture, the development of fast multiresidue methods that simultaneously determine polar and non-polar pesticides is greatly demanded. This study shows the development and validation of a multiresidue method for the analysis of 98 non-polar pesticides and 28 polar pesticides in soil. A simultaneous extraction step by pressurized liquid extraction was utilized. The optimum results were obtained using @entity1046 - @entity1042 (3:1, v/v) with 2 min of preheat time and 85 degrees C as the extraction temperature. The final determination of non-polar pesticides was performed by GC, whereas polar pesticides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Both GC and UPLC were coupled to triple-quadrupole analyzers operating in tandem @entity15 . The optimized extraction procedure was validated. The average extraction recoveries were in the range 72-108% (10 microg/kg) and 71-106% (50 microg/kg), with RSD values < or = 26%. The matrix effect was also evaluated, and matrix-matched standard calibration was finally applied for quantification. The suitability of the method was also checked by the analysis of a certified reference material. Furthermore, 26 real soil samples were analyzed by the proposed methods in order to assess their applicability. Several pesticides (e.g., @entity9687 , @entity20346 , or @entity1304 ) were found in the samples.

title: Use of pressurized liquid extraction for the simultaneous analysis of 28 polar and 94 non-polar pesticides in agricultural soils by GC/QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 and UPLC/QqQ- @entity15 / XXXX .

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of current hygiene standards for the enucleation of postmortem eyes by investigating the number of microorganisms during subsequent steps of decontamination and tissue processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, non-randomized cohort study includes 184 postmortem eyes of 92 @entity1 donors. Enucleation was performed, according to an ophthalmic surgical procedure. Two groups were generated as follows: right eyes were allocated to group A, left eyes were allocated to group B. In group A, a @entity33 was used accessorily. Conjunctival smears were taken to examine germ load in both groups before any intervention, in group A after @entity33 , in both groups after transportation of the whole globes in transport fluid, and in both groups after a bath in 0.75% @entity4279 solution for at least 3 minutes just before preparation of the @entity1797 . Smears were sent to the local microbiologic laboratory in an aseptic package for testing. RESULTS: All smears showed multiple contaminations (n = 184/184 eyes) before treatment with @entity4279 solution. Contamination was in both groups significantly prevented using the treatment strategy of an at least 3-minute bath in 0.75% @entity4279 solution (n = 1/184 eyes; p < 0.01) As a side effect, almost every eye of group A and none of group B showed brown @entity1496 staining corresponding to corneal epithelial erosion. CONCLUSIONS: An aseptic setting for donor enucleation similar to a surgical procedure seems not to influence the outcome of germ colonization. The most effective step to decontaminate donor eyes is to use 0.75% @entity4279 solution for at least 3 minutes.

title: Comparing Different Decontamination Procedures in Harvesting XXXX Donor Cornea.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['corneoscleral disc']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disinfection', 'mucosal disinfectant']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tonsil and adenoid are part of waldeyers ring; the basic function of which are antibody formation, which later react against a grat variety of antigens. The Adenotonsillectomy is the most common operation in small @entity1 but the exact reasons of @entity1184 remains unknown, some researches have shown that @entity566 may be at risk factor for @entity1184 . METHODS: Thorough one year two separated groups of @entity1 at the ENT and @entity566 ward of childrens hospital was enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 117 @entity1 between 1 and 14 years old (with average of 6) who had @entity1184 . The control group consisted of 100 @entity1 in the similar age that had not @entity1184 . Both groups were examined for the incidence of @entity56 , results of skin prick test, serum @entity9416 levels and close contact to smoke. RESULTS: In the study group 70.3% of @entity1 with @entity1184 had positive skin prick test. But only 10% of @entity1 in control group had positive skin prick test. Increased serum total @entity9416 level was confirmed in 48% of @entity1 with positive skin prick test in study group were in close contact with smoker parents. CONCLUSION: @entity566 and sensitivity to different kinds of allergens are important risk factors for @entity1184 in @entity1 . @entity566 control may have role in reducing the rate of adenotonsillectomy in @entity1 suffering @entity56 with @entity1184 .

title: Is there any correlation between @entity566 and adenotonsillar tissue XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenotonsillar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Tonsil and adenoid are part of waldeyers ring; the basic function of which are antibody formation, which later react against a grat variety of antigens. The Adenotonsillectomy is the most common operation in small @entity1 but the exact reasons of @entity1184 remains unknown, some researches have shown that @entity566 may be at risk factor for @entity1184 . METHODS: Thorough one year two separated groups of @entity1 at the ENT and @entity566 ward of childrens hospital was enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 117 @entity1 between 1 and 14 years old (with average of 6) who had @entity1184 . The control group consisted of 100 @entity1 in the similar age that had not @entity1184 . Both groups were examined for the incidence of @entity56 , results of skin prick test, serum @entity9416 levels and close contact to smoke. RESULTS: In the study group 70.3% of @entity1 with @entity1184 had positive skin prick test. But only 10% of @entity1 in control group had positive skin prick test. Increased serum total @entity9416 level was confirmed in 48% of @entity1 with positive skin prick test in study group were in close contact with smoker parents. CONCLUSION: @entity566 and sensitivity to different kinds of allergens are important risk factors for @entity1184 in @entity1 . @entity566 control may have role in reducing the rate of adenotonsillectomy in @entity1 suffering @entity56 with @entity1184 .

title: Is there any correlation between XXXX and adenotonsillar tissue @entity1184 ?

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity263 with @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with metabolic changes that have been linked to an increase in cardiovascular risk. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included supervised exercise training and dietary advice on markers of cardiovascular risk in 50 @entity1 on long-term ADT recruited to an on-going study investigating the effects of such a lifestyle intervention on quality of life. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive the intervention or usual care. Cardiovascular outcomes included endothelial function ( @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery), blood pressure, body composition and serum lipids. Additional outcomes included treadmill walk time and exercise and dietary behaviours. Outcomes were assessed before randomisation (baseline), and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after randomisation. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the difference in mean relative @entity384 was 2.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-4.3, P=0.04) with an effect size of 0.60 (95% CI <0.01-1.18) favouring the intervention group. Improvements in skeletal muscle mass, treadmill walk time and exercise behaviour also occurred in the intervention group over that duration (P<0.05). At 24 weeks, only the difference in treadmill walk time was maintained. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that lifestyle changes can improve endothelial function in @entity1 on long-term ADT for @entity263 . The implications for cardiovascular health need further investigation in larger studies over longer duration.

title: Effects of a lifestyle intervention on endothelial function in @entity1 on long-term @entity342 deprivation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity263 with @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with metabolic changes that have been linked to an increase in cardiovascular risk. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included supervised exercise training and dietary advice on markers of cardiovascular risk in 50 @entity1 on long-term ADT recruited to an on-going study investigating the effects of such a lifestyle intervention on quality of life. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive the intervention or usual care. Cardiovascular outcomes included endothelial function ( @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery), blood pressure, body composition and serum lipids. Additional outcomes included treadmill walk time and exercise and dietary behaviours. Outcomes were assessed before randomisation (baseline), and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after randomisation. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the difference in mean relative @entity384 was 2.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-4.3, P=0.04) with an effect size of 0.60 (95% CI <0.01-1.18) favouring the intervention group. Improvements in skeletal muscle mass, treadmill walk time and exercise behaviour also occurred in the intervention group over that duration (P<0.05). At 24 weeks, only the difference in treadmill walk time was maintained. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that lifestyle changes can improve endothelial function in @entity1 on long-term ADT for @entity263 . The implications for cardiovascular health need further investigation in larger studies over longer duration.

title: Effects of a lifestyle intervention on endothelial function in @entity1 on long-term XXXX deprivation therapy for @entity263 .

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity263 with @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with metabolic changes that have been linked to an increase in cardiovascular risk. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention that included supervised exercise training and dietary advice on markers of cardiovascular risk in 50 @entity1 on long-term ADT recruited to an on-going study investigating the effects of such a lifestyle intervention on quality of life. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive the intervention or usual care. Cardiovascular outcomes included endothelial function ( @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of the brachial artery), blood pressure, body composition and serum lipids. Additional outcomes included treadmill walk time and exercise and dietary behaviours. Outcomes were assessed before randomisation (baseline), and 6, 12 and 24 weeks after randomisation. RESULTS: At 12 weeks, the difference in mean relative @entity384 was 2.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1-4.3, P=0.04) with an effect size of 0.60 (95% CI <0.01-1.18) favouring the intervention group. Improvements in skeletal muscle mass, treadmill walk time and exercise behaviour also occurred in the intervention group over that duration (P<0.05). At 24 weeks, only the difference in treadmill walk time was maintained. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that lifestyle changes can improve endothelial function in @entity1 on long-term ADT for @entity263 . The implications for cardiovascular health need further investigation in larger studies over longer duration.

title: Effects of a lifestyle intervention on endothelial function in XXXX on long-term @entity342 deprivation therapy for @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling is critical to embryogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. We aimed to examine the role of @entity4851 signaling in the response to radiation of @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Response to ionizing @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Quantitative @entity1161 -polymerase chain reaction for @entity2750 ( @entity2750 ) expression was performed. Cytosolic accumulation of @entity4851 and nuclear translocation of @entity8889 were assessed by immunofluorescence. @entity8889 knockdown was done by RNA interference (RNAi). Immunoprecipitation was performed to detect @entity4851 ligand in conditioned medium. Immunofluorescent stain for y-H2AX was used as an index of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Expression of proteins related to DNA damage repair was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: We found that @entity4851 ligand could protect @entity1 @entity157 HA22T and Sk-Hep1 cells against @entity1161 . In HA22T cells, @entity4851 ligand activated the @entity4851 signaling with upregulation of @entity4851 , @entity2750 , and @entity8889 expression. The nuclear translocation of @entity8889 further supports the activation of @entity8889 . The radioprotection by @entity4851 ligand was partly blocked by @entity4851 antibody neutralization and was abolished by @entity8889 RNAi, suggesting a critical role of @entity4851 signaling in radiation resistance. Furthermore, we noted that soluble factors secreted into conditioned medium, either constitutively or responding to radiation, by HA22T or Sk-Hep1 cells protected subsequent culturing cells against @entity1161 . Immunoprecipitation shows the presence of @entity4851 peptide in conditioned medium. Intriguingly, antibody neutralization of @entity4851 ligand or knockdown of @entity8889 reversed the radioprotective effect of conditioned medium. Furthermore, @entity4851 ligand reduced the @entity1161 -induced phosphorylation of @entity23902 and impaired the repair of DNA DSB. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of @entity4851 signaling protects @entity157 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Impairment of DNA damage repair might involve mechanism of @entity4851 -induced radioresistance. Targeting @entity4851 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to enhance the radioresponse of @entity1 @entity157 cells.

title: Sonic hedgehog signaling protects @entity1 XXXX cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity23902 :: ('1111', 'Gene') :: ['checkpoint kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']