abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background : Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for cardiac repair. However, the efficacy is limited by the poor viability of MSCs in the infarcted heart. Recent findings have implicated that @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) enhanced the survival of the stem cells under various conditions. However, as the stem cells in these studies were animal-derived, little information is available about the effects of @entity2904 on @entity1 MSCs. Herein, we propose that @entity2904 may protect @entity1 MSCs against apoptosis induced by @entity519 /Serum deprivation (H/SD). Methods: @entity1 umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) from Wharton's jelly were pretreated with 10  M @entity2904 of H/SD with or without the @entity584 inhibitor @entity2306 . The morphological changes were assessed using Hoechst 33342. Apoptosis was evaluated via @entity4404 /PI staining; and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using Western-blot. Protein chip technology was used to screen for differences between the cell supernatants. Results : @entity2904 had a significant protective effect against H/SD-induced apoptosis, accompanied by an increase in @entity588 and p- @entity584 . The @entity2904 -mediated anti-apoptotic effect on MSCs could be attenuated by treatment with @entity2306 . Moreover, protein chip assays showed that @entity2904 treatment increased the paracrine functions of MSCs. Conclusion : @entity1481 protects @entity1 UC-MSCs from H/SD-induced apoptosis via the @entity584 pathway and may therefore be a potentially useful therapeutic adjunct for transplanting MSCs into damaged heart after @entity583 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: @entity1481 Protects Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against @entity519 and Serum Deprivation Induced Apoptosis by Activation of XXXX .

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity4987 definitions of @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) predict subsequent @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and related @entity146 following @entity130 . METHOD: @entity1 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity1005 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity1005 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity1005 was used at each assessment, and @entity4987 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity146 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity148 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity1 (14%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 . @entity1005 was diagnosed in 93 @entity1 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity1 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity1 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity1 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity1 (6%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity1005 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity14469 developed @entity1005 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity4987 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity14469 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity4987 relative to DSM-IV for @entity308 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity4697 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity8396 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity913 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity913 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity3119 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity148 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity1 with @entity4987 -defined @entity14469 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 results in better identification of @entity1 who will subsequently develop @entity1005 or another @entity146 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity14469 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity130 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and @entity4987 @entity14469 definitions to predict XXXX and related disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['phobia', 'social phobia']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity4987 definitions of @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) predict subsequent @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and related @entity146 following @entity130 . METHOD: @entity1 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity1005 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity1005 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity1005 was used at each assessment, and @entity4987 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity146 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity148 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity1 (14%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 . @entity1005 was diagnosed in 93 @entity1 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity1 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity1 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity1 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity1 (6%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity1005 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity14469 developed @entity1005 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity4987 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity14469 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity4987 relative to DSM-IV for @entity308 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity4697 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity8396 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity913 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity913 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity3119 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity148 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity1 with @entity4987 -defined @entity14469 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 results in better identification of @entity1 who will subsequently develop @entity1005 or another @entity146 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity14469 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity130 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and XXXX @entity14469 definitions to predict @entity1005 and related disorders.

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study addresses the extent to which DSM-IV and @entity4987 definitions of @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) predict subsequent @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and related @entity146 following @entity130 . METHOD: @entity1 with randomized admissions to 5 hospitals across Australia (N = 596) were assessed in hospital and reassessed for @entity1005 at 3 (n = 508), 12 (n = 426), 24 (n = 439), and 72 (n = 314) months using the Clinician-Administered @entity1005 Scale; DSM-IV definition of @entity1005 was used at each assessment, and @entity4987 definition was used at 72 months. The Mini-International @entity146 Interview (MINI) was used at each assessment to assess @entity148 , mood, and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (8%) met DSM-IV criteria, and 80 @entity1 (14%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 . @entity1005 was diagnosed in 93 @entity1 (9%) at 3, 82 @entity1 (10%) at 12, 100 @entity1 (12%) at 24, and 26 @entity1 (8%) at 72 months; 19 @entity1 (6%) met @entity4987 criteria for @entity1005 at 72 months. Comparable proportions of those diagnosed with @entity14469 developed @entity1005 using DSM-IV (3 months = 46%, 12 months = 39%, 24 months = 32%, and 72 months = 25%) and @entity4987 (43%, 42%, 33%, and 24%) @entity14469 definitions. Sensitivity was improved for @entity4987 relative to DSM-IV for @entity308 (0.18 vs 0.30), @entity4697 (0.19 vs 0.41), @entity8396 (0.14 vs 0.40), @entity913 (0.12 vs 0.44), specific @entity913 (0.24 vs 0.58), @entity3119 (0.17 vs 0.47), and generalized @entity148 (0.20 vs 0.47). More than half of @entity1 with @entity4987 -defined @entity14469 had a subsequent disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4987 criteria for @entity14469 results in better identification of @entity1 who will subsequently develop @entity1005 or another @entity146 relative to the DSM-IV criteria. Although prediction is modest, it suggests that the new @entity14469 diagnosis can serve a useful function in acute @entity130 settings for triaging those who can benefit from either early intervention or subsequent monitoring.

title: A comparison of the capacity of DSM-IV and @entity4987 XXXX definitions to predict @entity1005 and related disorders.

answer: @entity14469 :: (MESH:D040701,Disease) :: ['acute stress disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUD: Although photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to transurethral radical prostatectomy, a longer operative time, an unsatisfactory tissue removal rate, and the absence of postoperative pathology samples remain the main criticisms for this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To describe the novel technique of photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing @entity15171 (LBO) laser and to report our initial experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This is a prospective study of 215 @entity1 undergoing PVRP between November 2011 and March 2013. Their average age, prostate size, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were 70.3  7.3 yr, 70.4  34.0ml, and 24.9  5.0, respectively. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: The operative technique is detailed in the accompanying video. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Perioperative data were collected. The @entity1 were followed up at 3, 6, 12 mo after PVRP, and functional outcomes and complications were assessed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean operation time was 44.1  22.6min. The mean hemoglobin decrease was 0.37  0.21g/dl. The catheterization time was 23.9  15.2h and the postoperative hospital stay was 1.8  0.8 d. Significant improvements were observed in maximum flow, IPSS, and postvoid residual urine at each follow-up time point. Compared to preoperative values, prostate volume and serum @entity1486 fell by 67% and 63%, respectively, at 3 mo after PVRP. No major complications were noted. Application of a hemostat for a front-firing LBO laser makes it easy to handle intractable @entity954 . The main limitation of this study is the short follow-up period. The influence of PVRP on sexual function and the learning curve remain to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: PVRP is a novel technique that is effective and safe for treatment of @entity1067 . This technique retains the excellent hemostatic property of LBO lasers and has a short operation time and a high tissue removal rate. The problem of the lack of postoperative tissue samples for @entity12468 is also overcome in PVRP. @entity1 SUMMARY: We have developed a novel technique named photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing green laser. Our results show that PVRP retains the excellent hemostatic property of a green laser, but has a much shorter operation time and a higher rate of tissue removal than photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ). This technique also solves the problem of the lack of postoperative tissue specimens and the difficulty of handling intractable @entity954 . According to our initial results, PVRP is a novel technique superior to @entity12468 in the treatment of @entity1067 .

title: Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate with a Front-firing XXXX Laser: Surgical Technique and Experience After 215 Procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15171 :: ('MESH:C021051', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium triborate']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity15171 :: (MESH:C021051,Chemical) :: ['Lithium Triborate']


abstract: Integrins are a superfamily of transmembrane alpha beta heterodimers that play an important role in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions by acting as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and for cell adhesion molecules. Using monoclonal antibodies against @entity10483 , @entity6927 to alpha 6, and alpha v subunits, the in situ distribution pattern of @entity2393 was examined immunohistochemically in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in their @entity5 . Nonneoplastic smooth muscle cells were @entity10483 +, @entity6927 +, alpha 3+, alpha v+ and, in diverse localizations, also alpha 5+ or even alpha 6+. The expression of the @entity10483 chain was conserved in all @entity2909 and @entity1822 . The distribution pattern of the alpha subunits by contrast underwent several changes during malignant transformation of smooth muscle cells. These alterations consisted in a neoexpression of alpha 2, @entity1293 , and alpha 6 as well as in an abnormal abrogation of @entity6927 3 in some @entity1822 . Except for the absence of alpha 5 in the majority of @entity1822 , expression of the alpha 5 and alpha v subunits was mainly conserved. In addition, @entity5 with epithelioid differentiation differed from typical cases by the absence of @entity6927 and the simultaneous presence of @entity1293 . Adult striated muscle cells were @entity10483 + but @entity6927 - to alpha 6- and alpha v-, whereas fetal striated muscle cells were not only @entity10483 + but also alpha 3+/-, @entity1293 +/-, alpha 5+ and alpha 6+. In all @entity980 the expression of @entity10483 was retained. Furthermore, the majority of cases showed the expression of one or more alpha subunits most of which, ie, @entity1293 , alpha 5, and alpha 6, were also found in fetal striated muscle cells. In conclusion, @entity10483 integrins exhibited a differential expression pattern along the two lines of myogenic differentiation. This integrin profile underwent characteristic changes during malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the compiled distribution patterns of the @entity6927 , alpha 3, and alpha v subunits allowed in most instances the discrimination between @entity5 of smooth ( @entity6927 +/alpha 3+/alpha v+) and striated muscle ( @entity6927 -/alpha 3-/alpha v-) differentiation.

title: Differential expression of XXXX integrins in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in @entity5 derived from these cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas', 'epithelioid leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity6927 :: ('146', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1', 'alpha 1 and alpha']

answer: @entity10483 :: (10678,Gene) :: ['beta 1']


abstract: Integrins are a superfamily of transmembrane alpha beta heterodimers that play an important role in cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions by acting as receptors for extracellular matrix proteins and for cell adhesion molecules. Using monoclonal antibodies against @entity10483 , @entity6927 to alpha 6, and alpha v subunits, the in situ distribution pattern of @entity2393 was examined immunohistochemically in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in their @entity5 . Nonneoplastic smooth muscle cells were @entity10483 +, @entity6927 +, alpha 3+, alpha v+ and, in diverse localizations, also alpha 5+ or even alpha 6+. The expression of the @entity10483 chain was conserved in all @entity2909 and @entity1822 . The distribution pattern of the alpha subunits by contrast underwent several changes during malignant transformation of smooth muscle cells. These alterations consisted in a neoexpression of alpha 2, @entity1293 , and alpha 6 as well as in an abnormal abrogation of @entity6927 3 in some @entity1822 . Except for the absence of alpha 5 in the majority of @entity1822 , expression of the alpha 5 and alpha v subunits was mainly conserved. In addition, @entity5 with epithelioid differentiation differed from typical cases by the absence of @entity6927 and the simultaneous presence of @entity1293 . Adult striated muscle cells were @entity10483 + but @entity6927 - to alpha 6- and alpha v-, whereas fetal striated muscle cells were not only @entity10483 + but also alpha 3+/-, @entity1293 +/-, alpha 5+ and alpha 6+. In all @entity980 the expression of @entity10483 was retained. Furthermore, the majority of cases showed the expression of one or more alpha subunits most of which, ie, @entity1293 , alpha 5, and alpha 6, were also found in fetal striated muscle cells. In conclusion, @entity10483 integrins exhibited a differential expression pattern along the two lines of myogenic differentiation. This integrin profile underwent characteristic changes during malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the compiled distribution patterns of the @entity6927 , alpha 3, and alpha v subunits allowed in most instances the discrimination between @entity5 of smooth ( @entity6927 +/alpha 3+/alpha v+) and striated muscle ( @entity6927 -/alpha 3-/alpha v-) differentiation.

title: Differential expression of @entity10483 integrins in nonneoplastic smooth and striated muscle cells and in XXXX derived from these cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and interrelationships of epiretinal membranes (ERMs), vitreomacular traction (VMT), @entity1020 , @entity45 ( @entity45 ), lamellar macular holes (LMHs), full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs), and @entity227 in a population-based study of older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : There were 1913 @entity1 aged 63 to 102 years at the 20-year Beaver Dam Eye Study follow-up examination in 2008-2010, of whom 1540 (2980 eyes) had gradable spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) scans of the macula in at least 1 eye. METHODS: The presence of ERMs and other @entity989 was determined by standardized grading of macular SD OCT scans and photographs of 3 standard fields. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Epiretinal membranes, VMT, @entity1020 , @entity45 , LMHs, FTMHs, and @entity227 . RESULTS: By using SD OCT, the prevalence of ERMs (34.1%), VMT (1.6%), @entity1020 (5.6%), @entity45 (20.0%), LMHs (3.6%), and FTMHs (0.4%) was estimated. The prevalence of @entity1020 (P < 0.001), ERMs (P < 0.001), and VMT (P = 0.005) increased with age; the prevalence of @entity45 (P = 0.05) decreased with age; and the prevalence of LMHs was not associated with age (P = 0.70). The prevalence of @entity1020 , LMHs, and ERMs was higher in eyes with a history of @entity231 surgery. Macular cysts and ERMs were more common in eyes with @entity989 , such as @entity6 , @entity2994 , and @entity1713 , than in eyes without these conditions. Macular cysts, ERMs, and FTMHs were associated with @entity227 . While adjusting for age and sex, @entity1020 (odds ratio [OR], 3.96; P < 0.0001), @entity45 (OR, 1.45, P = 0.007), LMHs (OR, 10.62; P < 0.001), VMT (OR, 2.72, P = 0.01), and @entity227 (OR, 3.23; P < 0.001) were more frequent in eyes with ERMs compared with eyes without ERMs. CONCLUSIONS: Epiretinal membranes are associated with @entity1020 , @entity45 , LMHs, VMT, and @entity227 . Further follow-up will allow better understanding of the natural history of ERMs and VMT and their relationships to the development of @entity1020 and LMHs in the aging population.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the beaver dam eye study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['paravascular cysts', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesions', 'retinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular cysts']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinal interface abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9643 is a @entity4801 that typically produces a subacute to chronic inflammatory disease of the lung. Although rare in the United States, @entity9643 is sporadically observed in the immigrant population. Rarely, @entity9643 can affect the nervous system. This infection even more unusual in the pediatric population, and therefore can be challenging to diagnose. @entity1 : Here we present a @entity1 with @entity1779 . She presented with new onset @entity410 in the setting of a @entity221 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with contrast revealed a ring-enhancing lesion within the right frontal lobe and a second lesion in the left parietal lobe extending from the cortex to the centrum semiovale. Extensive evaluation including stool ova and parasite analysis confirmed the diagnosis of @entity9642 . She was treated with @entity2039 and @entity229 and improved both clinically and radiographically. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1779 is diagnosable and treatable and therefore is important to consider in the differential of immigrants presenting with @entity358 and central nervous system findings.

title: XXXX : An Unusual Manifestation of a Rare Parasitic Infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis', 'Paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary lung lesions']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral paragonimiasis', 'cerebral paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Paragonimiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The auditory steady-state response, which measures the ability of neural ensembles to entrain to rhythmic auditory stimuli, has been used in @entity1 electroencephalogram studies to assess sensory processing and electrical oscillatory deficits. @entity1 with @entity161 show a deficit in auditory steady-state response at 40 Hz, and therefore this may be a useful biomarker to study this disorder. METHODS: We used auditory steady-state response recordings from the primary auditory cortex, hippocampus, and vertex electroencephalogram sites in awake behaving @entity35 to determine whether pharmacological impairment of excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmission mimics auditory steady-state response abnormalities in @entity161 . RESULTS: We found the most robust response to auditory stimuli in the primary auditory cortex, in line with previous studies suggesting this region is the primary generator of the auditory steady-state response in @entity1 . Acute MK-801 (0.1mg/kg i.p.) increased primary auditory cortex intertrial coherence during auditory steady-state response at 20 and 40 Hz. Chronic MK-801 (21-day exposure at this daily dose) had no significant effect on 40-Hz auditory steady-state response. Furthermore, we found no effect of acute or chronic picrotoxin (a GABA-A antagonist) on intertrial coherence. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism increases synchronous activity in the primary auditory cortex in a frequency-specific manner, supporting the widely held view that acute N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonism augments gamma oscillations. Thus, rodent auditory steady-state response could be a valuable method to study the cortical ability to support synchronous activity at specific frequencies.

title: Effects of NMDA and GABA-A Receptor Antagonism on Auditory Steady-State Synchronization in Awake Behaving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: A novel deletion in the @entity1 beta-globin gene cluster associated with increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adult life was molecularly characterized in a member of a family of Eastern European descent. The phenotype of the deletion, documented in five members of the family, shows mild hypochromia and microcytosis (mean corpuscular Hb, 24 to 25.9 pg; mean corpuscular volume, 74 to 78.5 fL) but high production of HbF (13% to 24%) with heterocellular distribution (36% to 86% F cells). Extensive restriction enzyme mapping of the beta-globin cluster and sequencing of the region encompassing the breakpoints showed that the deletion starts 1,612 bp upstream of the cap site of the delta-globin gene, and terminates within the first intron of the beta-globin gene, deleting 9.1 kb of DNA. This length is definitely shorter than the average 12.0 kb of the previously characterized (delta beta) zero- @entity2395 . The 5' breakpoint of the new deletion is close to that of the Yugoslavian delta @entity8674 deletion, whereas the 3' breakpoint is very close to those of the Turkish and the Greek beta zero- @entity2395 deletions. The breakpoints of the deletion occur within a direct repeat containing a tetranucleotide exhibiting homology to a donor-splice site, and is symmetrically flanked by a set of 13- and 14-bp homologous complementary sequences, respectively. It is likely that the deletion may be the result of an "illegitimate" or "nonhomologous" recombination event to which these two short sequences may have contributed. It is of interest that the novel deletion (9.1 kb) is comparable to the Italian @entity35552 -5 deletion (12.9 kb), regarding both the size and the position of the breakpoints. However, the @entity35552 -5 deletion includes sequences flanking the breakpoints that are preserved in the new deletion. Considering the resulting two discrete phenotypes (ie, delta @entity8674 v @entity35552 ), it can be hypothesized that the deleted sequences in the Italian @entity35552 -5 mutation may harbor regulatory elements that exert a negative control on the gamma-globin gene expression.

title: Eastern European (delta beta) zero- XXXX : molecular characterization of a novel 9.1-kb deletion resulting in high levels of fetal hemoglobin in the adult.

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias', 'thalassemia']

answer: @entity2395 :: (MESH:D013789,Disease) :: ['thalassemia']


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity105 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity5 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity5 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity75 (small @entity5 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity5 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity5 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity1068 fixation and @entity982 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity19 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity5 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity105 . We confirmed increased @entity55309 expression in RNAs from @entity19 @entity1204 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity5 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity19 @entity1204 microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, XXXX -embedded tissues.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity982 :: (MESH:D010232,Chemical) :: ['paraffin']


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity105 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity5 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity5 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity75 (small @entity5 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity5 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity5 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity1068 fixation and @entity982 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity19 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity5 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity105 . We confirmed increased @entity55309 expression in RNAs from @entity19 @entity1204 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity5 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity19 @entity1204 microdissected from XXXX -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity105 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity5 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity5 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity75 (small @entity5 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity5 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity5 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity1068 fixation and @entity982 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity19 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity5 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity105 . We confirmed increased @entity55309 expression in RNAs from @entity19 @entity1204 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity5 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity19 XXXX microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancers']


abstract: Expression-profiling studies have helped define genetic changes associated with @entity105 . Determining which alterations in gene expression are causally associated with @entity5 and which result from the general dysregulation in gene expression that is characteristic of @entity5 remains a problem. Transcriptional profiling of @entity75 (small @entity5 or precancers) holds promise for identifying biologically important changes in gene expression. There are, however, technical barriers to the study of small @entity5 . The total number of cells available for analysis is limiting. It is also often difficult to distinguish @entity5 cells from normal proliferating cells in frozen sections that are typically used as a source of RNA. Here we describe an @entity1068 fixation and @entity982 -embedding protocol that preserves tissue architecture and cellular morphology of the @entity19 endometrium, and allows for the recovery of high-quality RNA from microdissected cells. We performed GeneChip expression profiling using RNA from 800 to 4400 cells microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded uteri. Endometrial adenocarcinomas exhibited changes in the levels of a number of messages known to be abnormally expressed in @entity5 , and differential expression of additional transcripts not previously implicated in @entity105 . We confirmed increased @entity55309 expression in RNAs from @entity19 @entity1204 that were hybridized to GeneChips and validated overexpression of this transcript in additional @entity5 .

title: Expression profiling of XXXX @entity1204 microdissected from @entity1068 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Telomerase activity (TA) is the most recently recognized prognostic factor in @entity521 , and its outstanding predictive power was documented by several studies. However, TA measurements require fresh @entity5 tissue that is not always available in daily clinical practice. We previously described a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay that we used to investigate the possible prognostic relevance of the telomerase catalytic subunit, @entity2215 , at the mRNA level. Because @entity2215 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing as a regulatory mechanism of TA, we discriminated between truncated and full-length @entity2215 transcripts. In a retrospective study on 124 @entity521 , 56 (45.2%) @entity5 showed spliced @entity2215 transcripts, whereas 30 (24.2%) contained full-length @entity2215 transcripts. The presence of both spliced and full-length @entity2215 transcripts was significantly associated with @entity4180 amplification. @entity2215 in general showed no correlation to other prognostic factors, ie, International @entity521 Staging System stage, International @entity521 Pathology classification grade, or age at diagnosis, whereas the presence of full-length transcripts was significantly associated with higher stages. The presence of any @entity2215 transcripts carried no significant prognostic information, yet full-length @entity2215 transcripts were highly predictive of poor outcome (P < 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, full-length @entity2215 transcripts and International @entity521 Pathology classification grade emerged as the sole independent predictors of event-free survival, with relative risks of 10.0 and 3.9, respectively. The strong statistical correlation of full-length @entity2215 transcripts with clinical outcome in @entity521 suggests that the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of @entity2215 transcripts may be equatable to TA measurements. Because this assay is well suited for archival material, it could become a useful adjunct in evaluating the prognosis of individual @entity521 cases.

title: Full-length telomerase reverse transcriptase messenger RNA is an independent prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: To study the role of treatment compliance and parents' smoking on @entity565 control in @entity1 with recently diagnosed mild or moderate persistent @entity565 who were prescribed inhaled anti-inflammatory treatment. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 167 @entity1 aged 6-12 years (64% @entity1 ). @entity1 were examined at inclusion and followed up for three years with a visit every four months. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured twice a day during the week before each visit. Two control criteria were monitored: (1) symptom control = having diurnal or nocturnal exacerbations less than once a week and no symptoms between exacerbations, at all visits; and (2) PEF control = daily PEF variability <20% on each of the seven days before each visit. RESULTS: Symptom control was achieved by 25.1% of @entity1 and PEF control by 53.3%. Symptom control was positively related to having understood the way in which the medication worked and taking the prescribed doses (odds ratios (OR) = 3.38 and 4.82 respectively). It was inversely related to smoking within the home (OR = 0.34). PEF control was positively related to taking the prescribed doses (OR = 3.58). It was less frequently achieved if the mother smoked within the home (OR = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that, to maximise the benefits of available @entity565 medication and to improve health outcomes, further efforts should be made to convince the parents of asthmatic @entity1 not to smoke in the house, and to improve compliance by increasing the @entity1 ' understanding of the disease and its treatment.

title: Treatment compliance, passive smoking, and XXXX control: a three year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative @entity1148 and its prognostic significance in Thai @entity1 with @entity1204 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases who had undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations between clinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson's chi square or two- tailed Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and @entity797 - regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/ L (SD 100,167/  L). @entity1 who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node @entity3 , and positive peritoneal cytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not. We found @entity1148 (platelet count greater than 400,000/ L) in 18.1% of our @entity1 with @entity1204 . These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than @entity1 with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in @entity1 who had @entity1148 compared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively). @entity1148 was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, presence of @entity1148 is not uncommon in @entity1204 and may reflect unfavorable prognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.

title: Preoperative XXXX and poor prognostic factors in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis', 'Thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['thrombocytosis']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative @entity1148 and its prognostic significance in Thai @entity1 with @entity1204 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases who had undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations between clinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson's chi square or two- tailed Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and @entity797 - regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/ L (SD 100,167/  L). @entity1 who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node @entity3 , and positive peritoneal cytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not. We found @entity1148 (platelet count greater than 400,000/ L) in 18.1% of our @entity1 with @entity1204 . These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than @entity1 with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in @entity1 who had @entity1148 compared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively). @entity1148 was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, presence of @entity1148 is not uncommon in @entity1204 and may reflect unfavorable prognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.

title: Preoperative @entity1148 and poor prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a heterogeneous disease and cell proliferation markers may help to identify subtypes of clinical interest. We here analyzed the correlation between cell proliferation determined by Ki67 and HG in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing preoperative chemotherapy (PCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained clinical/pathological data from @entity1 with invasive @entity0 treated at our institution from 1999 until 2012. Expression of @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ), @entity7273 ( @entity7273 ), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity1722 ) and Ki67 were determined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Clinicopathological subtypes were defined as: Luminal A, @entity1782 and/or @entity7273 positive, @entity1722 negative, HG 1 or 2; Luminal B, @entity1782 and/or @entity7273 positive, @entity1722 negative or positive and/or HG 3; @entity549 ( @entity549 ), @entity1782 , @entity7273 and @entity1722 negative independent of HG; @entity1722 positive, @entity1782 , @entity7273 negative and @entity1722 positive, independent of HG. By using Ki67, a value of 14% separated Luminal A and B @entity5 , independently of the histological grade. We analyzed correlations between Ki67 and HG, to define @entity0 subtypes and their predictive value for response to PCT. RESULTS: 1,560 @entity0 @entity1 were treated in the period, 147 receiving PCT (9.5%). Some 57 had sufficient clinicopathological information to be included in the study. Median age was 52 years (26-72), with 87.7% invasive @entity513 (n=50). We performed IHC for Ki67 in 40 core biopsies and 50 surgical biopsies, 37 paired samples with Ki67 before and after chemotherapy being available. There was no significant correlation between Ki67 and HG (p=0.237), both categorizing @entity1 into different subtypes. In most cases Ki67 decreased after PCT (65.8%). Only 3 @entity1 had pathologic complete response (cPR). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience we did not find associations between Ki67 and HG. Determination of clinicopathological luminal subtypes differs by using Ki67 or HG.

title: Correlation between Ki67 and Histological Grade in XXXX @entity1 Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['ER', 'estrogen receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity7273 :: ('5241', 'Gene') :: ['PR', 'progesterone receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple negative', 'TN']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a heterogeneous disease and cell proliferation markers may help to identify subtypes of clinical interest. We here analyzed the correlation between cell proliferation determined by Ki67 and HG in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing preoperative chemotherapy (PCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained clinical/pathological data from @entity1 with invasive @entity0 treated at our institution from 1999 until 2012. Expression of @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ), @entity7273 ( @entity7273 ), epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 ( @entity1722 ) and Ki67 were determined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC). Clinicopathological subtypes were defined as: Luminal A, @entity1782 and/or @entity7273 positive, @entity1722 negative, HG 1 or 2; Luminal B, @entity1782 and/or @entity7273 positive, @entity1722 negative or positive and/or HG 3; @entity549 ( @entity549 ), @entity1782 , @entity7273 and @entity1722 negative independent of HG; @entity1722 positive, @entity1782 , @entity7273 negative and @entity1722 positive, independent of HG. By using Ki67, a value of 14% separated Luminal A and B @entity5 , independently of the histological grade. We analyzed correlations between Ki67 and HG, to define @entity0 subtypes and their predictive value for response to PCT. RESULTS: 1,560 @entity0 @entity1 were treated in the period, 147 receiving PCT (9.5%). Some 57 had sufficient clinicopathological information to be included in the study. Median age was 52 years (26-72), with 87.7% invasive @entity513 (n=50). We performed IHC for Ki67 in 40 core biopsies and 50 surgical biopsies, 37 paired samples with Ki67 before and after chemotherapy being available. There was no significant correlation between Ki67 and HG (p=0.237), both categorizing @entity1 into different subtypes. In most cases Ki67 decreased after PCT (65.8%). Only 3 @entity1 had pathologic complete response (cPR). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience we did not find associations between Ki67 and HG. Determination of clinicopathological luminal subtypes differs by using Ki67 or HG.

title: Correlation between Ki67 and Histological Grade in @entity0 XXXX Treated with Preoperative Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of @entity1313 has increased more than 40% in the past 20 years, especially in adults. We aimed to study the clinical and pathological findings of central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 @entity1 and to evaluate their 5 year survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The archives of all @entity1 with CNS @entity5 in 6 health care centers in Yazd, Iran, from 2006 to 2013, were studied. @entity1 data were extracted using a checklist which included age, sex, date of reference and diagnosis, date of @entity204 , clinical signs, radiography findings, pathology report, size and location of @entity5 , @entity1 treatment and grade of @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 306 @entity1 records were studied in the 8 year period. The most prevalent type of @entity5 was @entity816 (n=113, 36.9%). The frequency of almost all @entity5 types was statistically higher in male @entity1 (p=0.025). In most cases surgery with radiotherapy was the treatment of choice (49.3%). The most frequent symptom reported was @entity10 (in 60.8% of @entity1 ) followed by @entity410 (15.7%). Most of the @entity5 were located in the right hemisphere (46.1%) and the frontal and parietal lobe (26% and 12%, respectively). Radiography findings displayed @entity4 with a nonhomogeneous lesion in majority of the @entity1 (87%). The survival fraction of the @entity1 with @entity5 decreased over time (0.807 in the first year and 0.358 at the end of the 5th year). CONCLUSIONS: Astrocytoma was the more common CNS @entity5 with male predominance. Overall survival rates of @entity5 decreased over time and this was in relation with @entity5 grade.

title: Clinicopathological findings and five year survival rates for XXXX with central nervous system tumors in yazd, iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity1063 (NA)-induced cation current was investigated in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 using the @entity8701 -perforated patch recording configuration. Under current-clamp conditions, NA depolarized the membrane, eliciting repetitive action potentials. NA evoked an inward cation current under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. The NA-induced current was inhibited by extracellular @entity141 or @entity1025 , with a half-maximal concentration of 13 microM for @entity141 and 1.2 mM for @entity1025 . @entity20253 mimicked the NA response, and @entity3159 and @entity13397 inhibited the NA-induced current, suggesting the contribution of an alpha1-adrenoceptor. The NA-induced current was inhibited by @entity4385 , a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity9423 blocker @entity9422 also blocked the NA-induced current. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity2426 and @entity11008 could inhibit the NA response while @entity10756 , @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity866 had no effect. These results suggest that NA activates the extracellular @entity141 - and @entity1025 -sensitive cation channels via alpha 1-adrenoceptors in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 . This activation mechanism also involves phosphoinositide breakdown, release of @entity141 from intracellular @entity141 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by NA may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity35 cardiac @entity21 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-activated cation currents in neurones acutely isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9422 :: ('MESH:C511704', 'Chemical') :: ['xestospongin-C']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Cirazoline']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['ganglia']


abstract: The @entity1063 (NA)-induced cation current was investigated in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 using the @entity8701 -perforated patch recording configuration. Under current-clamp conditions, NA depolarized the membrane, eliciting repetitive action potentials. NA evoked an inward cation current under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. The NA-induced current was inhibited by extracellular @entity141 or @entity1025 , with a half-maximal concentration of 13 microM for @entity141 and 1.2 mM for @entity1025 . @entity20253 mimicked the NA response, and @entity3159 and @entity13397 inhibited the NA-induced current, suggesting the contribution of an alpha1-adrenoceptor. The NA-induced current was inhibited by @entity4385 , a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity9423 blocker @entity9422 also blocked the NA-induced current. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity2426 and @entity11008 could inhibit the NA response while @entity10756 , @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity866 had no effect. These results suggest that NA activates the extracellular @entity141 - and @entity1025 -sensitive cation channels via alpha 1-adrenoceptors in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 . This activation mechanism also involves phosphoinositide breakdown, release of @entity141 from intracellular @entity141 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by NA may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity35 cardiac @entity21 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-activated cation currents in neurones acutely isolated from XXXX cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity635 and, to a lesser extent, @entity634 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity3 of different @entity5 cells. In @entity635 knockout (KO) @entity19 , local @entity5 or lung metastases of B16 @entity320 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity19 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity320 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity19 , but was absent in @entity635 KO @entity19 . The addition of exogenous @entity5003 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity635 KO @entity19 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity5003 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity19 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity5003 alpha KO @entity19 , local @entity5 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity19 , but significantly higher than in @entity635 KO @entity19 . These effects of host-derived @entity634 and @entity635 were not restricted to the @entity320 model, but were also observed in @entity19 mammary and prostate @entity5 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity5003 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity5 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity5 cells. Host-derived @entity5003 seems to control @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity3 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity5003 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity5 , in addition to its current use in @entity309 .

title: @entity5003 is required for @entity5 XXXX and angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasiveness']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasiveness']


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity635 and, to a lesser extent, @entity634 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity3 of different @entity5 cells. In @entity635 knockout (KO) @entity19 , local @entity5 or lung metastases of B16 @entity320 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity19 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity320 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity19 , but was absent in @entity635 KO @entity19 . The addition of exogenous @entity5003 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity635 KO @entity19 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity5003 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity19 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity5003 alpha KO @entity19 , local @entity5 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity19 , but significantly higher than in @entity635 KO @entity19 . These effects of host-derived @entity634 and @entity635 were not restricted to the @entity320 model, but were also observed in @entity19 mammary and prostate @entity5 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity5003 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity5 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity5 cells. Host-derived @entity5003 seems to control @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity3 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity5003 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity5 , in addition to its current use in @entity309 .

title: @entity5003 is required for XXXX @entity3 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Here, we describe that microenvironmental @entity635 and, to a lesser extent, @entity634 are required for in vivo angiogenesis and @entity3 of different @entity5 cells. In @entity635 knockout (KO) @entity19 , local @entity5 or lung metastases of B16 @entity320 cells were not observed compared with WT @entity19 . Angiogenesis was assessed by the recruitment of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs containing B16 @entity320 cells; vascularization of the plugs was present in WT @entity19 , but was absent in @entity635 KO @entity19 . The addition of exogenous @entity5003 into B16-containing Matrigel plugs in @entity635 KO @entity19 partially restored the angiogenic response. Moreover, the incorporation of @entity5003 receptor antagonist to B16-containing plugs in WT @entity19 inhibited the ingrowth of blood vessel networks into Matrigel plugs. In @entity5003 alpha KO @entity19 , local @entity5 development and induction of an angiogenic response in Matrigel plugs was less pronounced than in WT @entity19 , but significantly higher than in @entity635 KO @entity19 . These effects of host-derived @entity634 and @entity635 were not restricted to the @entity320 model, but were also observed in @entity19 mammary and prostate @entity5 cell models. In addition to the in vivo findings, @entity5003 contributed to the production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor and @entity5 necrosis factor in cocultures of peritoneal macrophages and @entity5 cells. Host-derived @entity5003 seems to control @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity3 . Furthermore, the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity5003 receptor antagonist, shown here, suggest a possible therapeutic role in @entity5 , in addition to its current use in @entity309 .

title: XXXX is required for @entity5 @entity3 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was carried out to ascertain the extent of efficacy of nonsurgical salvage modalities, mainly chemotherapy (CT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT), for loco-regional failures in @entity135 ( @entity135 ). METHODS: Between 1991 and 1999, 131 @entity1 with @entity135 , mostly stages III and IV, who had loco-regional residual ( n = 78) or recurrent lesions ( n = 53) following curative therapy with either radiotherapy (RT), neoadjuvant CT (NACT) followed by RT, or concurrent CTRT were included in this analysis. Of these, 84 @entity1 (residual, 58; recurrent, 26), did not receive any form of salvage therapy, while 47 had either CT alone ( n = 22) or CTRT ( n = 25). Endpoints evaluated were: loco-regional response (LRR), post-salvage survival (PS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and normal tissue acute and late morbidities. RESULTS: Salvage therapy enabled a LRR in 46.8% of the @entity1 . Both @entity1349 and PS were also significantly better for those who received salvage therapy ( P < 0.001). CTRT appears to offer significantly better salvage than CT alone for all the evaluated endpoints. Multivariate analysis for LRR, PS, and @entity1349 consistently showed the salvage RT dose to be a significant predictor. Early and late effects of salvage therapy were not influenced by either the salvage or total RT doses. CONCLUSION: Loco-regional failures in advanced @entity135 can be effectively salvaged by CTRT to significantly prolong @entity1349 and PS. However, to achieve an optimum therapeutic ratio, the choice of drugs, their schedule, and the RT dose need to be defined through randomized trials.

title: Loco-regional failures in XXXX : can they be effectively salvaged by nonsurgical therapeutic modalities?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: An oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion in @entity1 with @entity2012 prior to (n = 26) and after (n = 71) transsphenoidal adenomectomy as well as in 196 controls. In controls, suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 showed a negative relationship both with body mass index (BMI) and with age. Having calculated the reference intervals for suppressed @entity2124 concentrations to be expected for any given age and BMI, we compared these individually predicted ranges to @entity2124 concentrations actually observed in @entity1 with @entity2012 during OGTT. Preoperatively, concentrations exceeded the normal range in all @entity1 . Postoperatively, @entity413 -suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 were less than 2.0 ng/mL in 56 (79%) @entity1 and less than 1.0 ng/mL in 44 (62%). However, only 37 of 71 (52%) @entity1 had @entity413 -suppressed @entity2124 concentrations within the calculated reference intervals (defined by the 95th percentile of normal). Comparing these data with the @entity1 's concentrations of @entity442 ( @entity442 ; normal range first established and corrected for age and sex in 494 healthy individuals), congruency of both parameters was found in 59 (77%) @entity1 with an unexplained discrepancy between @entity2124 and @entity442 in the remaining in 16 (23%) @entity1 . Our results confirm that concentrations of @entity442 must be corrected for sex and age, whereas @entity413 -suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 depend on age and BMI. "Across-the-board" cut-off-values are clearly inadequate and should not be used. Rather, serum @entity2124 measurements obtained during an OGTT must be interpreted individually by comparison to control values taking into account both age and BMI.

title: Use of the oral XXXX tolerance test to define remission in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: An oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) was used to assess @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion in @entity1 with @entity2012 prior to (n = 26) and after (n = 71) transsphenoidal adenomectomy as well as in 196 controls. In controls, suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 showed a negative relationship both with body mass index (BMI) and with age. Having calculated the reference intervals for suppressed @entity2124 concentrations to be expected for any given age and BMI, we compared these individually predicted ranges to @entity2124 concentrations actually observed in @entity1 with @entity2012 during OGTT. Preoperatively, concentrations exceeded the normal range in all @entity1 . Postoperatively, @entity413 -suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 were less than 2.0 ng/mL in 56 (79%) @entity1 and less than 1.0 ng/mL in 44 (62%). However, only 37 of 71 (52%) @entity1 had @entity413 -suppressed @entity2124 concentrations within the calculated reference intervals (defined by the 95th percentile of normal). Comparing these data with the @entity1 's concentrations of @entity442 ( @entity442 ; normal range first established and corrected for age and sex in 494 healthy individuals), congruency of both parameters was found in 59 (77%) @entity1 with an unexplained discrepancy between @entity2124 and @entity442 in the remaining in 16 (23%) @entity1 . Our results confirm that concentrations of @entity442 must be corrected for sex and age, whereas @entity413 -suppressed concentrations of @entity2124 depend on age and BMI. "Across-the-board" cut-off-values are clearly inadequate and should not be used. Rather, serum @entity2124 measurements obtained during an OGTT must be interpreted individually by comparison to control values taking into account both age and BMI.

title: Use of the oral @entity413 tolerance test to define remission in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: @entity19486 from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a photosensitizing agent that may cause a severe @entity9335 when higher amounts of St John's wort are ingested by animals. Although Hypericum extracts are widely used in the treatment of @entity308 , only a little information on the photosensitizing capacity of St John's wort in @entity1 is available. In the present prospective randomized study we investigated the effect of the Hypericum extract @entity51198 on skin sensitivity to ultraviolet B (UVB), ultraviolet A (UVA), visible light (VIS) and solar simulated radiation (SIM). Seventy two volunteers of skin types II and III were included and were divided into six groups, each consisting of 12 volunteers. In the single-dose study the volunteers (n = 48) received 6 or 12 coated tablets (5400 or 10 800 microgram hypericin). In the steady-state study the volunteers (n = 24) received an initial dose of 6 tablets (5400 microgram hypericin), and subsequently 3 x 1 tablets (2700 microgram hypericin) per day for 7 days. Phototesting was performed on the volar forearms prior to medication and 6 h after the last administration of Hypericum extract. The erythema-index and melanin-index were evaluated photometrically using a mexameter. After both single-dose and steady-state administration, no significant influence on the erythema-index or melanin-index could be detected, with the exception of a marginal influence on UVB induced @entity2118 (p = 0.0471) in the single-dose study. The results do not provide evidence for a phototoxic potential of the Hypericum extract @entity51198 in @entity1 when administered orally in typical clinical doses up to 1800 mg daily. This is in accordance with previous pharmacokinetic studies that found hypericin serum and skin levels after oral ingestion of Hypericum extract always to be lower than the assumed phototoxic hypericin threshold level of 1000 ng/mL.

title: Effect of oral administration ofHypericum perforatum extract (St. John's Wort) on skin erythema and XXXX induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['photodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity19486 :: ('MESH:C004965', 'Chemical') :: ['Hypericin']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['pigmentation']


abstract: 1. Patch-clamp recording methods have been used to compare the pharmacological properties and single-channel characteristics of non- @entity143 receptor channels in cerebellar type-2 astrocytes and granule cells. 2. In type-2 astrocytes whole-cell concentration-response curves for @entity2227 , @entity14425 , @entity140 and @entity4176 gave EC50 values of 5.8, 3.8, 7.6 and 160 microM and Hill slopes of 1.65, 1.18, 1.64 and 1.65, respectively, resembling estimates for granule cell receptors. 3. The non- @entity143 receptor antagonists CNQX and @entity71377 (see Methods) inhibited whole-cell @entity4176 currents in both cell types. The IC50 for CNQX antagonism of the @entity4176 response was 536 nM in type-2 astrocytes, and 500 nM in granule cells. The IC50 for @entity71377 was 3.5 microM in astrocytes and 3.7 microM in granule cells. 4. CNQX acted as a competitive antagonist of whole-cell @entity4176 responses in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells giving Schild plots with a slope near 1. The equilibrium constant, K, for CNQX binding was 524 nM in astrocytes and 489 nM in granule cells. 5. @entity14425 and @entity140 responses showed rapid desensitization in type-2 astrocytes with a ratio of steady-state to peak response of 0.09. Concanavalin A reduced this desensitization. 6. Non- @entity143 channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells showed a low permeability to @entity141 ions with a reversal potential, for @entity4176 -activated whole-cell currents in isotonic @entity141 , of approximately -25 mV for astrocytes and -45 mV for granule cells. 7. Outside-out patches from type-2 astrocytes exhibited a range of single-channel conductances that were superficially similar to the @entity2227 -activated conductances in granule cells. However, the type-2 astrocytes were devoid of @entity143 receptors, hence all of these conductances originated from non- @entity143 channels. Their slope conductances were approximately 11, 21, 32, 42 and 52 pS. Amplitudes were verified with mean low-variance plots and single-channel current-voltage curves, which were linear. 8. There was also evidence of lower conductance @entity4176 -activated channels in astrocyte patches. From noise analysis their estimated mean conductance was 1.9 pS, as described for the 'low-conductance' type @entity4176 responses in cerebellar neurones. 9. Apparent open times, shut times and burst lengths of @entity140 -activated (3-10 microM) channels were examined in patches from type-2 astrocytes, and kinetic properties of the 40 and 50 pS levels were compared with the lower levels. 10. Our results indicate some marked pharmacological similarities between non- @entity143 receptor channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A comparison of non- XXXX receptor channels in type-2 astrocytes and granule cells from rat cerebellum.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate', 'Quisqualate']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) is resistant to treatment. In a prospective observational study, we evaluated an intensive multidisciplinary treatment focusing on body-related mentalization and acceptance. @entity1 included in the study were 183 (146 @entity1 , 37 @entity1 ) of 311 eligible @entity1 with chronic severe @entity2531 , referred consecutively to a specialized tertiary care center between 2002 and 2009. Primary outcome measures were somatic symptoms (SCL-90) and health-related quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimensional [EQ-5D]). These measures were assessed four times before treatment (on intake, twice during an observation period, at start of treatment) and four times after treatment (during follow-up for 2 years). Multilevel analysis was used to separate effects of time (maturation) and treatment. Results revealed significant improvements in SCL-90 somatic symptoms (d = 0.51), EQ-5D index (d = 0.27), and EQ visual analogue scale (d = 0.56). Significant reductions were also observed in SCL-90 @entity148 , @entity308 , and overall psychopathology as well as in medical consumption associated with @entity146 (Trimbos/iMTA Questionnaire for Costs Associated With @entity146 ). Large interindividual differences were found in treatment outcome. The long-term improvement seen in many @entity1 suggests that intensive multidisciplinary tertiary care treatment is a useful approach to chronic severe @entity2531 .

title: Intensive Multidisciplinary Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric Illness', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic severe somatoform disorder', 'SFD']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['Severe Somatoform Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   Impaired perioperative nutritional status has been shown to be an important predictor of surgical morbidity and is the earliest marker of @entity3147 . No study, however, has examined serum prealbumin as a surrogate marker of nutritional status in @entity1 undergoing spine surgery. Methods   We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 who developed a @entity86 wound @entity281 after undergoing spine surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from January 2008 through December 2011. Demographics, preoperative diagnosis, type of surgery, perioperative serum prealbumin level, time to @entity281 , number and type of debridement procedures, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results   A total of 83 @entity1 had prealbumin levels available at the time of presentation of @entity281 . Mean @entity1 age was 56 years, and 71% were @entity1 . Surgical treatment for the @entity281 required between 1 and 13 debridements, and 21 (25%) of the 83 @entity1 who had instrumentation placed at the time of the initial surgery required removal of their instrumentation. Inpatient hospitalizations were extended by an average of 13 days. Prealbumin levels were below normal in 82 (99%) of the 83 @entity1 ; levels were   <   7 mg/dL in 24 @entity1 , between 7 and 11 mg/dL in 32 @entity1 , and between 11 and 19 mg/dL in 26 @entity1 . Conclusions   All @entity1 except one who developed @entity86 wound @entity281 after spine surgery had serum prealbumin levels in the @entity3147 range at the time of presentation. The current study suggests serum prealbumin levels may be an inexpensive screening biomarker for nutritional status and risk stratification for @entity86 after spine surgery.

title: Prealbumin as a Serum Biomarker of Impaired Perioperative Nutritional Status and Risk for XXXX after Spine Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deep', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiency']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical Site Infection']


abstract: Many surgical techniques, using different tissues, have been performed to repair the @entity2650 in this century, but none of them has been completely effective. The use of autologous buccal mucosa as a free graft for urethral replacement was introduced in 1989. The reported results have been encouraged since then. Twenty three @entity1 with @entity2650 , have been treated from 1991 to 1998. These @entity1 underwent a 2-stage surgical replacement. The first stage of the procedure included correction of the penile curvature and advancement of preputial flaps ventrally as described by Byras. The second stage of the procedure was the urethroplasty. The neourethra was made of a tubularized buccal mucosa graft. The mucosa was harvested from the inner surface of the lower lip. The first stage was performed at a mean age of 20 months old, and the second stage at a mean age of 32 months old. @entity18272 was detected in 26% of @entity1 . All of them were treated with topic @entity251 before the second stage. The follow-up reflected that 7 out of 23 @entity1 (30.4%) had not complications, while 16 @entity1 (69.5%) developed urethro-cutaneous @entity292 . Six of them (26%) required only one surgical closure and the other 10 @entity1 required more than one surgical procedure to correct several complications. One @entity1 presented complications in both the recipient and the donor areas. Nowadays, cosmetic and functional results are good in 22 @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX . Our experience with free oral mucosa grafts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['Micropenis']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['Scrotal hypospadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity460 and @entity3875 to post-menopausal @entity1 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity1 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity1 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity173 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity460 and @entity3875 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity173 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity173 were based on 1,080 @entity1 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity1 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity1 with identified @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity1 with @entity460 and @entity3875 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity1 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity1 , in particular those with @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 .

title: The health economics of @entity460 and XXXX for the prevention of @entity173 in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity460 and @entity3875 to post-menopausal @entity1 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity1 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity1 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity173 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity460 and @entity3875 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity173 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity173 were based on 1,080 @entity1 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity1 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity1 with identified @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity1 with @entity460 and @entity3875 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity1 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity1 , in particular those with @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 .

title: The health economics of XXXX and @entity3875 for the prevention of @entity173 in Sweden.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the economics of administering @entity460 and @entity3875 to post-menopausal @entity1 in Sweden. We focus primarily on the cost-effectiveness of treating older @entity1 for whom clear evidence of efficacy is available. We supplement this information, however, with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of treating certain high-risk groups of younger @entity1 , while acknowledging the greater uncertainty involved. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for analyzing the occurrence and timing of @entity173 , based almost entirely on peer-reviewed data from Sweden. In a 3-year randomized clinical trial, the combination of @entity460 and @entity3875 was shown to reduce the risk of @entity173 by 27%. Costs for treating @entity173 were based on 1,080 @entity1 who were hospitalized in Stockholm. RESULTS: Treatment of 70-year-old @entity1 was cost saving at efficacy as low as two-thirds that seen in the clinical trials, and upwards. Even at modest rates of efficacy, treatment of the high-risk 50- and 60-year-old cohorts was generally cost-effective and in some cases even cost saving. Particularly cost-effective was treatment of @entity1 with identified @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 . CONCLUSION: Simulation results suggest a role for lifetime treatment of older @entity1 with @entity460 and @entity3875 in Sweden. While there is more uncertainty underlying the treatment of younger @entity1 , our simulation results suggest that treatment may also be cost saving or at least cost-effective for many cohorts of high-risk 50- and particularly 60-year-old @entity1 , in particular those with @entity170 or a maternal family history of @entity173 .

title: The health economics of @entity460 and @entity3875 for the prevention of XXXX in Sweden.

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic hip fractures']


abstract: @entity3483 are often debilitating conditions for the @entity1 with advanced @entity189 . Traditionally, treatment has been repeated thoracentesis or tube thoracostomy with instillation of sclerosing agents. However, this required the @entity1 to be hospitalized and to have @entity158 and inconveniences of the chest tubes. The drainage also had to be low enough for sclerotherapy to be effective. In 1982, the pleuroperitoneal shunt became a feasible alternative to sclerotherapy. We began using the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt in July 1991. Twenty shunts were inserted into 19 @entity1 during a two year period ending June 30, 1993. All @entity1 but one were relieved of @entity1353 . The mean duration of patency was 26 months and fewer than 25 percent of the shunts clotted before the death of the @entity1 . Our favorable experience with the shunt has resulted in us recommending the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt for treatment of recurrent @entity3483 and selectively as primary treatment.

title: Management of XXXX with pleuroperitoneal shunting.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity726 is a chronic and serious disease calling for consistent lifelong therapy. The @entity1 's compliance requires that he/she be well informed about the disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of knowledge about @entity726 , and compare young @entity1 with older ones as well as @entity726 @entity1 with nonglaucoma ones. METHODS: A total of 1110 questionnaires were distributed to @entity1 and their relatives at the outpatient eye clinic of Hietzing Hospital ( @entity22128 ), of which 1041 were returned. The questionnaire comprised 18 questions. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of those aged 18-60 years, while group 2 consisted of those older than 61 years. RESULTS: In total, 941 questionnaires were evaluated; 72.8   % of the respondents were older than 60 years, and one-half of the respondents had @entity726 (51   %). The majority of @entity1 had "moderate knowledge" of the disease (41.87   %), followed by "poor knowledge" (32.52   %). @entity726 @entity1 had considerably better knowledge of the disease (p   <   0.01) than did nonglaucoma @entity1 . Younger @entity1 were significantly better informed than older ones (p   <   0.01). Nonglaucoma @entity1 with a positive diagnosis of @entity726 among their circle of friends or family were significantly better informed (p   <   0.01) than those without such @entity1 in their circle of friends. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity726 are much better informed about the disease than nonglaucoma @entity1 , but the general level of knowledge is very low. Notably, younger @entity1 were better informed than older ones. The present study, comprising a large number of @entity1 , revealed poor knowledge of @entity726 among @entity1 with the disease and especially among nonglaucoma @entity1 in @entity22128 .

title: Level of knowledge about XXXX in @entity22128 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity726 is a chronic and serious disease calling for consistent lifelong therapy. The @entity1 's compliance requires that he/she be well informed about the disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of knowledge about @entity726 , and compare young @entity1 with older ones as well as @entity726 @entity1 with nonglaucoma ones. METHODS: A total of 1110 questionnaires were distributed to @entity1 and their relatives at the outpatient eye clinic of Hietzing Hospital ( @entity22128 ), of which 1041 were returned. The questionnaire comprised 18 questions. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of those aged 18-60 years, while group 2 consisted of those older than 61 years. RESULTS: In total, 941 questionnaires were evaluated; 72.8   % of the respondents were older than 60 years, and one-half of the respondents had @entity726 (51   %). The majority of @entity1 had "moderate knowledge" of the disease (41.87   %), followed by "poor knowledge" (32.52   %). @entity726 @entity1 had considerably better knowledge of the disease (p   <   0.01) than did nonglaucoma @entity1 . Younger @entity1 were significantly better informed than older ones (p   <   0.01). Nonglaucoma @entity1 with a positive diagnosis of @entity726 among their circle of friends or family were significantly better informed (p   <   0.01) than those without such @entity1 in their circle of friends. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity726 are much better informed about the disease than nonglaucoma @entity1 , but the general level of knowledge is very low. Notably, younger @entity1 were better informed than older ones. The present study, comprising a large number of @entity1 , revealed poor knowledge of @entity726 among @entity1 with the disease and especially among nonglaucoma @entity1 in @entity22128 .

title: Level of knowledge about @entity726 in XXXX .

answer: @entity22128 :: (MESH:C564884,Disease) :: ['Vienna']


abstract: Our primary objective was to investigate a biomarker driven model for the interrelationships between @entity455 pathology, amyloid pathology, and @entity73 in cognitively normal elderly subjects between 70 and 90 years of age. Our secondary objective was to investigate the beneficial effect of cognitive reserve on these interrelationships. We used brain amyloid-b load measured using Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography as a marker for amyloid pathology. @entity62 and @entity4798 were measured using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging as a marker for vascular pathology. We studied 393 cognitively normal elderly @entity1 in the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who had a baseline 3 T fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging assessment, Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography scan, baseline cognitive assessment, lifestyle measures, and at least one additional clinical follow-up. We classified subjects as being on the amyloid pathway if they had a global cortical amyloid-b load of >= 1.5 standard uptake value ratio and those on the vascular pathway if they had a @entity62 load >= 1.11% of total intracranial volume (which corresponds to the top 25% of @entity62 in an independent non-demented sample). We used a global cognitive z-score as a measure of cognition. We found no evidence that the presence or absence of vascular pathology influenced the presence or absence of amyloid pathology and vice versa, suggesting that the two processes seem to be independent. Baseline cognitive performance was lower in older individuals, in males, those with lower education/occupation, and those on the amyloid pathway. The rate of @entity73 was higher in older individuals (P < 0.001) and those with amyloid (P = 0.0003) or vascular (P = 0.0037) pathologies. In those subjects with both vascular and amyloid pathologies, the effect of both pathologies on cognition was additive and not synergistic. For a 79-year-old subject, the predicted annual rate of global z-score decline was -0.02 if on neither pathway, -0.07 if on the vascular pathway, -0.08 if on the amyloid pathway and -0.13 if on both pathways. The main conclusions of this study were: (i) amyloid and vascular pathologies seem to be at least partly independent processes that both affect longitudinal cognitive trajectories adversely and are major drivers of @entity73 in the elderly; and (ii) cognitive reserve seems to offset the deleterious effect of both pathologies on the cognitive trajectories.

title: Vascular and amyloid pathologies are independent predictors of XXXX in normal elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal cognitive decline', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarct and/or white matter hyperintensities', 'White matter hyperintensities', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity19702 , FOR or @entity19702 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity5 cells, including @entity463 ( @entity463 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4851 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity5 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity463 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content in @entity463 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity463 cells with exogenous @entity4851 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4851 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4851 plus IR-induced @entity6714 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4851 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity463 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity8889 ( @entity8889 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity463 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity19702 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity19702 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity876 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity876 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected both @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity19702 preferentially sensitized @entity1 @entity463 cells possessing wild type @entity876 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4851 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity876 and @entity19702 . The crosstalk between @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 expression in @entity1 @entity463 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase XXXX expression enhances radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8889 :: ('2735', 'Gene') :: ['Gli-1', 'Gli family zinc finger 1']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity19702 :: (51741,Gene) :: ['WOX1']