abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously demonstrated the ability to detect metastatic prostate cancer using @entity71127 ( @entity8984 -DCFBC), a low-molecular-weight radiotracer that targets the @entity27425 ( @entity27425 ). @entity27425 has been shown to be associated with higher Gleason grade and more aggressive disease. An imaging biomarker able to detect clinically significant high-grade primary prostate cancer reliably would address an unmet clinical need by allowing for risk-adapted @entity1 management. METHODS: We enrolled 13 @entity1 with primary prostate cancer who were imaged with @entity8984 -DCFBC PET before scheduled prostatectomy, with 12 of these @entity1 also undergoing pelvic prostate MR imaging. Prostate @entity8984 -DCFBC PET was correlated with MR imaging and histologic and immunohistochemical analysis on a prostate-segment (12 regions) and dominant-lesion basis. There were no incidental extraprostatic findings on PET suggestive of metastatic disease. RESULTS: MR imaging was more sensitive than @entity8984 -DCFBC PET for detection of primary prostate cancer on a per-segment (sensitivities of up to 0.17 and 0.39 for PET and MR imaging, respectively) and per-dominant-lesion analysis (sensitivities of 0.46 and 0.92 for PET and MR imaging, respectively). However, @entity8984 -DCFBC PET was more specific than MR imaging by per-segment analysis (specificities of 0.96 and 0.89 for PET and MR imaging for corresponding sensitivity, respectively) and specific for detection of high-grade lesions (Gleason 8 and 9) greater than 1.0 mL in size (4/4 of these @entity1 positive by PET). @entity71127 uptake in tumors was positively correlated with Gleason score (   = 0.64; @entity27425 expression,    = 0.47; and @entity1486 ,    = 0.52). There was significantly lower @entity71127 uptake in benign @entity1067 than @entity5 (median maximum standardized uptake value, 2.2 vs. 3.5; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Although the sensitivity of @entity8984 -DCFBC for primary prostate cancer was less than MR imaging, @entity8984 -DCFBC PET was able to detect the more clinically significant high-grade and @entity5 (Gleason score 8 and 9) with higher specificity than MR imaging. In particular, there was relatively low @entity71127 PET uptake in benign @entity1067 , compared with cancer in the prostate, which may allow for more specific detection of primary prostate cancer by @entity8984 -DCFBC PET. This study demonstrates the utility of @entity27425 -based PET, which may be used in conjunction with MR imaging to identify clinically significant prostate cancer.

title: 18F-DCFBC PET/CT for XXXX -Based Detection and Characterization of Primary Prostate Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27425 :: ('2346', 'Gene') :: ['PSMA', 'prostate-specific membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['larger-volume tumors', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hypertrophy lesions', 'prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity71127 :: ('MESH:C530683', 'Chemical') :: ['N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-l-cysteine', '(18)F-DCFBC']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity27425 :: (2346,Gene) :: ['PSMA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate cognitive enhancing property of @entity7774 -converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI) and @entity7774 receptor blockers (ARBs) in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze (EPM), @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ), and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were used to assess cognitive enhancing activity in young and aged @entity35 . @entity3372 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity4687 (10 mg/kg, i.p), @entity9886 (20 mg/kg, i.p), and @entity917 (20 mg/kg, p.o) were administered to assess their effect on learning and memory. @entity5591 (1 mg/kg, i.p) was used to impair cognitive function. @entity2475 (200 mg/kg, i.p) was used as reference drug. RESULTS: All the treatments significantly attenuated @entity2730 induced by aging and @entity5591 . In EPM, aged and @entity5591 -treated @entity35 showed an increase in transfer latency (TL) whereas, ACEI and ARBs showed a significant decrease in TL. Treatment with ACEI and ARBs significantly increased step down latencies and decreased latency to reach the platform in target quadrant in young, aged and @entity5591 -treated animals in @entity1314 and @entity1062 , respectively. The treatments inhibited @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) enzyme in the brain. Similarly, all the treatments attenuated @entity5591 -induced lipid peroxidation and normalize antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the cognitive enhancing effect of ACEI and ARBs may be due to inhibition of @entity4833 or by regulation of antioxidant system or increase in formation of @entity71128 .

title: Cognitive enhancing effect of @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors and XXXX receptor blockers on learning and memory.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['PAT', 'passive avoidance test']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['WMT', 'water maze test']

entities_list: @entity71128 :: ('MESH:C012877', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin IV']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate cognitive enhancing property of @entity7774 -converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI) and @entity7774 receptor blockers (ARBs) in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze (EPM), @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ), and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were used to assess cognitive enhancing activity in young and aged @entity35 . @entity3372 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity4687 (10 mg/kg, i.p), @entity9886 (20 mg/kg, i.p), and @entity917 (20 mg/kg, p.o) were administered to assess their effect on learning and memory. @entity5591 (1 mg/kg, i.p) was used to impair cognitive function. @entity2475 (200 mg/kg, i.p) was used as reference drug. RESULTS: All the treatments significantly attenuated @entity2730 induced by aging and @entity5591 . In EPM, aged and @entity5591 -treated @entity35 showed an increase in transfer latency (TL) whereas, ACEI and ARBs showed a significant decrease in TL. Treatment with ACEI and ARBs significantly increased step down latencies and decreased latency to reach the platform in target quadrant in young, aged and @entity5591 -treated animals in @entity1314 and @entity1062 , respectively. The treatments inhibited @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) enzyme in the brain. Similarly, all the treatments attenuated @entity5591 -induced lipid peroxidation and normalize antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the cognitive enhancing effect of ACEI and ARBs may be due to inhibition of @entity4833 or by regulation of antioxidant system or increase in formation of @entity71128 .

title: Cognitive enhancing effect of XXXX -converting enzyme inhibitors and @entity7774 receptor blockers on learning and memory.

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: LDL-immune complexes (IC) have a powerful pathogenic role for inducing foam cell formation in vitro more efficiently than any other known mechanism. Studies have also shown that plasma LDL-IC concentration is a powerful marker for the development of @entity731 . The structure, @entity844 composition and antioxidant concentrations of @entity3452 and LDL are quite similar. The same oxidation pattern has also been described for both lipoproteins. Modified forms of @entity3452 , some resembling oxidized @entity3452 , have been identified in @entity1 @entity75 . The existence of autoantibodies against MDA- @entity3452 in vivo is also presented. Therefore, we suppose that @entity3452 might trigger an immune response leading to the production of autoantibodies and subsequently to the formation of immune complexes. This study examined the existence of IgG-bound @entity3452 -IC and investigated its value as a risk factor for the development of @entity731 . METHODS: We developed two "sandwich" ELISAs for measuring plasma @entity3452 -IC and LDL-IC concentrations, using anti-human IgG( @entity1334 ) as the capture antibody, and quantitating with monoclonal anti-apo(a) or anti- @entity755 enzyme conjugate. Their concentrations were studied in 160 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and 290 control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma TC, @entity11429 , TG and @entity755 concentrations in @entity301 @entity1 were all significantly increased, whereas HDL-C and apoAI concentrations were decreased. The @entity3452 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity301 were also significantly different from those of control (262.4+/-220.0 vs. 211.3+/-199.4 mg/l, P<0.005). Plasma @entity3452 -IC (2.24+/-1.71 vs. 1.62+/-1.50 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) and LDL-IC (2.77+/-1.29 vs. 1.40+/-0.92 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) concentrations in @entity1 with @entity301 were both significantly higher than those of control. The relationships between @entity3452 -IC, LDL-IC concentrations and other lipid traits in all the studied subjects (n=450) were carried out. LDL-IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity11429 , @entity755 , TC, TG and @entity3452 concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Similarly, @entity3452 -IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity3452 , @entity11429 , @entity755 and TC concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, a significantly positive relation between LDL-IC and @entity3452 -IC concentrations was also found (r=0.313, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We report the existence of @entity3452 -IC in both the plasma of @entity1 with @entity301 and control subjects. @entity3452 -IC concentration increases in the @entity301 @entity1 .

title: Detection of IgG-bound lipoprotein(a) immune complexes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: LDL-immune complexes (IC) have a powerful pathogenic role for inducing foam cell formation in vitro more efficiently than any other known mechanism. Studies have also shown that plasma LDL-IC concentration is a powerful marker for the development of @entity731 . The structure, @entity844 composition and antioxidant concentrations of @entity3452 and LDL are quite similar. The same oxidation pattern has also been described for both lipoproteins. Modified forms of @entity3452 , some resembling oxidized @entity3452 , have been identified in @entity1 @entity75 . The existence of autoantibodies against MDA- @entity3452 in vivo is also presented. Therefore, we suppose that @entity3452 might trigger an immune response leading to the production of autoantibodies and subsequently to the formation of immune complexes. This study examined the existence of IgG-bound @entity3452 -IC and investigated its value as a risk factor for the development of @entity731 . METHODS: We developed two "sandwich" ELISAs for measuring plasma @entity3452 -IC and LDL-IC concentrations, using anti-human IgG( @entity1334 ) as the capture antibody, and quantitating with monoclonal anti-apo(a) or anti- @entity755 enzyme conjugate. Their concentrations were studied in 160 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and 290 control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma TC, @entity11429 , TG and @entity755 concentrations in @entity301 @entity1 were all significantly increased, whereas HDL-C and apoAI concentrations were decreased. The @entity3452 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity301 were also significantly different from those of control (262.4+/-220.0 vs. 211.3+/-199.4 mg/l, P<0.005). Plasma @entity3452 -IC (2.24+/-1.71 vs. 1.62+/-1.50 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) and LDL-IC (2.77+/-1.29 vs. 1.40+/-0.92 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) concentrations in @entity1 with @entity301 were both significantly higher than those of control. The relationships between @entity3452 -IC, LDL-IC concentrations and other lipid traits in all the studied subjects (n=450) were carried out. LDL-IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity11429 , @entity755 , TC, TG and @entity3452 concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Similarly, @entity3452 -IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity3452 , @entity11429 , @entity755 and TC concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, a significantly positive relation between LDL-IC and @entity3452 -IC concentrations was also found (r=0.313, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We report the existence of @entity3452 -IC in both the plasma of @entity1 with @entity301 and control subjects. @entity3452 -IC concentration increases in the @entity301 @entity1 .

title: Detection of IgG-bound lipoprotein(a) immune complexes in XXXX with @entity301 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Vertebrates have acidic and basic isozymes of @entity17417 synthetase, which participate in the first committed step of de novo @entity860 biosynthesis and/or the purine @entity377 cycle. These isozymes differ in their kinetic properties and N-leader sequences, and their regulation may vary with tissue type. Recombinant acidic and basic synthetases from @entity19 , in the presence of active site ligands, behave in analytical ultracentrifugation as dimers. Active site ligands enhance thermal stability of both isozymes. Truncated forms of both isozymes retain the kinetic parameters and the oligomerization status of the full-length proteins. @entity860 potently inhibits the acidic isozyme competitively with respect to IMP. In contrast, @entity860 weakly inhibits the basic isozyme noncompetitively with respect to all substrates. IMP inhibition of the acidic isozyme is competitive, and that of the basic isozyme noncompetitive, with respect to @entity3007 . @entity4567 potently inhibits both isozymes competitively with respect to IMP but becomes noncompetitive at saturating substrate concentrations. The above, coupled with structural information, suggests antagonistic interactions between the active sites of the basic isozyme, whereas active sites of the acidic isozyme seem functionally independent. @entity4567 and IMP together may be dynamic regulators of the basic isozyme in muscle, causing potent inhibition of the synthetase under conditions of high @entity860 deaminase activity.

title: Variations in the response of @entity19 isozymes of XXXX synthetase to inhibitors of physiological relevance.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity17417 :: ('MESH:C012168', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylosuccinate']

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity17417 :: (MESH:C012168,Chemical) :: ['adenylosuccinate']


abstract: Vertebrates have acidic and basic isozymes of @entity17417 synthetase, which participate in the first committed step of de novo @entity860 biosynthesis and/or the purine @entity377 cycle. These isozymes differ in their kinetic properties and N-leader sequences, and their regulation may vary with tissue type. Recombinant acidic and basic synthetases from @entity19 , in the presence of active site ligands, behave in analytical ultracentrifugation as dimers. Active site ligands enhance thermal stability of both isozymes. Truncated forms of both isozymes retain the kinetic parameters and the oligomerization status of the full-length proteins. @entity860 potently inhibits the acidic isozyme competitively with respect to IMP. In contrast, @entity860 weakly inhibits the basic isozyme noncompetitively with respect to all substrates. IMP inhibition of the acidic isozyme is competitive, and that of the basic isozyme noncompetitive, with respect to @entity3007 . @entity4567 potently inhibits both isozymes competitively with respect to IMP but becomes noncompetitive at saturating substrate concentrations. The above, coupled with structural information, suggests antagonistic interactions between the active sites of the basic isozyme, whereas active sites of the acidic isozyme seem functionally independent. @entity4567 and IMP together may be dynamic regulators of the basic isozyme in muscle, causing potent inhibition of the synthetase under conditions of high @entity860 deaminase activity.

title: Variations in the response of XXXX isozymes of @entity17417 synthetase to inhibitors of physiological relevance.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8491 @entity1 who require mechanical ventilation often develop @entity55 or @entity891 . Although there are differences in the prevalence of these complications among various institutions, there is no evidence that aggressive treatment shortens the course of the @entity3935 . We have quantified the severity of @entity651 and @entity146 of respiratory intervention in @entity8491 @entity1 admitted to the neuro-critical care unit. DESIGN: We retrospectively identified all mechanically ventilated @entity8491 @entity1 admitted in our unit between 1990 and 1998. SETTING: Neuro-critical care unit of a tertiary care center in an urban area with a large, established, regional @entity4094 program. @entity1 : Eighteen @entity1737 @entity1 with 24 episodes of @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: A novel respiratory intervention index, comprising the use of suction, intermittent positive-pressure breathing or bronchodilator treatments, sighs, and chest physiotherapy represented the @entity146 of the respiratory treatment. The respiratory intervention index was correlated with the @entity651 score, used as a measure of lung involvement and other respiratory variables. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Our @entity1 had less @entity891 and @entity55 than previously published series (46% vs. 91%), leading to shorter mechanical support and neuro-critical care unit stay. The mean respiratory intervention index correlated with @entity651 score and inversely with forced vital capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents an estimate for both severity of @entity358 and intensity of respiratory therapy in the severe @entity8491 @entity1 with mechanical ventilatory compromise. Our results suggest that aggressive respiratory treatment should be used in @entity8491 @entity1 in crisis to diminish the risk for prolonged @entity1576 . These observations should be validated in a prospective study.

title: Ventilatory care in XXXX crisis: assessing the baseline adverse event rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic crisis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['Myasthenic', 'myasthenic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: From 1979 to 1985, 109 @entity1 were treated for @entity712 caused by postinfarction @entity1002 . @entity712 was predominant in all @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, 73% of whom were in Functional Class III or IV. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure averaged 23.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of the mean), total ejection fraction 29.7% +/- 1.0%, and telediastolic volume of the @entity439 76.2 +/- 5.8 ml. Aneurysmectomy was performed in 49 @entity1 (45%), whereas the remaining 60 @entity1 were treated medically. The two groups did not differ in regard to clinical and hemodynamic data on admission, except for a more extensive @entity453 in the surgical group. Follow-up was obtained for all @entity1 (100%) and averaged 48 +/- 3 months. Actuarial survival curves were similar, and the 5-year survival rates for surgical and medical groups were 70 +/- 7% and 64% +/- 7%, respectively (not significant). However, the 5-year complication-free rate was significantly (p = 0.05) higher among surgical @entity1 (52% +/- 8%) than among the medical group (31% +/- 7%). Multivariate analysis showed the following variables to influence survival independently (p less than 0.05): contractile segment ejection fraction, @entity67 , antecedents of @entity1167 or @entity1455 , and corrected contractile score. Independent variables decreasing the risk of @entity299 and @entity204 (p less than 0.05) were as follows: surgical treatment, shorter interval between initial @entity1188 and diagnosis of @entity439 , and absence of @entity67 . Functional improvement was directly related to surgical treatment and to residual segment contractile score (p less than 0.05). Thus, in @entity1 with @entity712 caused by @entity1002 , surgical treatment improved the quality of life and prognosis for @entity299 , but did not increase overall survival, compared to medical management of similar @entity1 .

title: @entity1002 with predominating XXXX . A comparative study of medical and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac-related complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: From 1979 to 1985, 109 @entity1 were treated for @entity712 caused by postinfarction @entity1002 . @entity712 was predominant in all @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, 73% of whom were in Functional Class III or IV. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure averaged 23.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error of the mean), total ejection fraction 29.7% +/- 1.0%, and telediastolic volume of the @entity439 76.2 +/- 5.8 ml. Aneurysmectomy was performed in 49 @entity1 (45%), whereas the remaining 60 @entity1 were treated medically. The two groups did not differ in regard to clinical and hemodynamic data on admission, except for a more extensive @entity453 in the surgical group. Follow-up was obtained for all @entity1 (100%) and averaged 48 +/- 3 months. Actuarial survival curves were similar, and the 5-year survival rates for surgical and medical groups were 70 +/- 7% and 64% +/- 7%, respectively (not significant). However, the 5-year complication-free rate was significantly (p = 0.05) higher among surgical @entity1 (52% +/- 8%) than among the medical group (31% +/- 7%). Multivariate analysis showed the following variables to influence survival independently (p less than 0.05): contractile segment ejection fraction, @entity67 , antecedents of @entity1167 or @entity1455 , and corrected contractile score. Independent variables decreasing the risk of @entity299 and @entity204 (p less than 0.05) were as follows: surgical treatment, shorter interval between initial @entity1188 and diagnosis of @entity439 , and absence of @entity67 . Functional improvement was directly related to surgical treatment and to residual segment contractile score (p less than 0.05). Thus, in @entity1 with @entity712 caused by @entity1002 , surgical treatment improved the quality of life and prognosis for @entity299 , but did not increase overall survival, compared to medical management of similar @entity1 .

title: XXXX with predominating @entity712 . A comparative study of medical and surgical treatment.

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the role, if any, of the mitochondrial permeability transition in the pathogenesis of @entity2383 in a representative systemic organ during the acute phase of @entity5694 . DESIGN: A well-established, normotensive feline model was employed to determine whether pretreatment with @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition, reduces the severity of @entity2383 in the ileum during acute @entity5694 . SETTING: The Ohio State University Medical Center research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult, male conditioned @entity468 . INTERVENTIONS: Volume resuscitation and maintenance of acid/base balance and tissue @entity26 availability were provided, as needed, to minimize the potentially confounding effects of tissue @entity519 and/or @entity520 on the experimental results. Following isotonic saline vehicle (control; n = 6), lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 10), or @entity205 (6 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 7) followed in 60 mins by lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously) administration, ileal samples were obtained at 4 hrs posttreatment, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was assessed. Objective comparisons of mitochondrial ultrastructural morphology were performed by using digital image analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: As expected, significant @entity2383 was apparent in the ileal tissues by 4 hrs following LPS treatment, despite maintenance of regional tissue @entity26 availability. Objective evaluation of mitochondrial morphology demonstrated characteristics consistent with high-amplitude swelling. @entity205 pretreatment protected against the development of these LPS-induced @entity2383 , an effect not attributable to the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha production. CONCLUSIONS: These investigations are the first to demonstrate a protective effect of @entity205 against @entity2383 in a representative systemic organ during acute @entity5694 . We propose that @entity2383 likely related to induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition may participate in the pathogenesis of systemic organ injury and organ failures during acute @entity295 .

title: @entity205 ameliorates mitochondrial ultrastructural injury in the ileum during acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A', 'cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities', 'mitochondrial injury']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the role, if any, of the mitochondrial permeability transition in the pathogenesis of @entity2383 in a representative systemic organ during the acute phase of @entity5694 . DESIGN: A well-established, normotensive feline model was employed to determine whether pretreatment with @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition, reduces the severity of @entity2383 in the ileum during acute @entity5694 . SETTING: The Ohio State University Medical Center research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult, male conditioned @entity468 . INTERVENTIONS: Volume resuscitation and maintenance of acid/base balance and tissue @entity26 availability were provided, as needed, to minimize the potentially confounding effects of tissue @entity519 and/or @entity520 on the experimental results. Following isotonic saline vehicle (control; n = 6), lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 10), or @entity205 (6 mg/kg, intravenously; n = 7) followed in 60 mins by lipopolysaccharide (3.0 mg/kg, intravenously) administration, ileal samples were obtained at 4 hrs posttreatment, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was assessed. Objective comparisons of mitochondrial ultrastructural morphology were performed by using digital image analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: As expected, significant @entity2383 was apparent in the ileal tissues by 4 hrs following LPS treatment, despite maintenance of regional tissue @entity26 availability. Objective evaluation of mitochondrial morphology demonstrated characteristics consistent with high-amplitude swelling. @entity205 pretreatment protected against the development of these LPS-induced @entity2383 , an effect not attributable to the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha production. CONCLUSIONS: These investigations are the first to demonstrate a protective effect of @entity205 against @entity2383 in a representative systemic organ during acute @entity5694 . We propose that @entity2383 likely related to induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition may participate in the pathogenesis of systemic organ injury and organ failures during acute @entity295 .

title: XXXX ameliorates mitochondrial ultrastructural injury in the ileum during acute @entity5694 .

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: The fine distribution and ultrastructural changes in the intraovarian lymphatics were studied in the developing corpus luteum of @entity95 . Three days after @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection, lymphatic capillaries were observed among theca lutein but not granulosa cells. This distribution persisted even on day 14. @entity4 appeared around the lymphatic capillaries, corresponding to dilatation of @entity1503 surrounding the membrana granulosa. The diameter and perimeter of the latter vessels were about 5 times greater than before HCG injection. Lymphatic capillaries were slightly dilated and about 2 times their original diameter and perimeter. Flocculent material migrated into the lumen of the lymphatics through the open junctions. Lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum were increased in number in the lymphatic endothelial cells. Five and 7 days after HCG injection macrophages and sometimes loose, degenerated lutein cells were observed in the lymphatic capillaries. Fourteen days after HCG injection, the dilatation of @entity1503 disappeared, although lymphatic capillaries remained slightly dilated after day 3. Some lymphatic but not blood vascular endothelial cells began to degenerate. The results suggest that lymphatic capillaries function to absorb and transport excess fluid and "hormones" in association with changes in ultrastructure.

title: Fine structure and morphometric analysis of lymphatic capillaries in the developing corpus luteum of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood capillaries']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to evaluate the use of intraoperative intra-arterial urokinase infusion (IIUI) in overcoming residual thrombi after thromboembolectomy in acute @entity63 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">retrospective study over a 3-year period. SETTING: University affiliated hospital. @entity1 : 21 @entity1 with acute @entity63 who underwent IIUI after embolectomy (18 transfemoral, 3 transpopliteal) had failed to achieve adequate distal perfusion. Postoperatively, all @entity1 were maintained on full dose heparinization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: complete or partial clot lysis on post-IIUI angiography; restoration of pedal pulses and a viable leg at discharge. RESULTS: Angiographically, complete and partial lysis was demonstrated in 14 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 with prolonged @entity63 required fasciotomy. One of these eventually had an amputation. Altogether, limb amputations (1 above knee, 2 below knee) were necessary in 3 @entity1 . The angiographic appearance of lysis correlated well with the restoration of pedal pulses and/or limb viability. One @entity1 died of @entity583 3 days after the procedure. Postoperatively, there were 5 (24%) wound @entity1410 of which 1 required surgical exploration. Over a mean follow-up period of 8 months (range 1-16), limb salvage was sustained in the 17 @entity1 with successful angiographic lysis. CONCLUSIONS: IIUI is an effective therapeutic adjunct to failed embolectomy in acute @entity63 . Use of this procedure is recommended as part of the routine management in such cases.

title: Intraoperative intra-arterial urokinase therapy after failed embolectomy in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'lower limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower limb ischemia']


abstract: The clinical course of acute @entity788 varies from a mild, transitory illness to a severe, rapidly fatal disease. In about 80% to 90% of cases @entity788 presents as a mild, self-limiting disease with low morbidity and mortality. Unlike mild @entity788 , @entity788 develops in about 15% of @entity1 , with @entity281 of @entity39 representing the single most important risk factor for a fatal outcome. Infection of @entity39 in the natural course develops in the second and third week after onset of the disease and is reported in 40% to 70% of @entity1 with @entity788 . Just recently, prevention of @entity281 by prophylactic antibiotic treatment and assessment of the @entity281 status of @entity39 by fine-needle aspiration have been established in the management of severe @entity788 . Because medical treatment alone will result in a mortality rate of almost 100% in @entity1 with signs of @entity149 , @entity1 with infected @entity39 must undergo surgical intervention, which consists of an organ-preserving necrosectomy combined with a postoperative closed lavage concept that maximizes further evacuation of infected debris and exudate. However, intensive care treatment, including prophylactic antibiotics, reduces the @entity281 rate and delays the need for surgery in most @entity1 until the third or fourth week after the onset of symptoms. At that time, debridement of @entity39 is technically easier to perform, due to better demarcation between viable and @entity39 tissue compared with necrosectomy earlier in the disease. In contrast, surgery is rarely needed in the presence of sterile @entity39 . In those @entity1 the conservative approach is supported by the present data.

title: @entity281 in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'pancreatic necrosis', 'pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['local and systemic septic complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The clinical course of acute @entity788 varies from a mild, transitory illness to a severe, rapidly fatal disease. In about 80% to 90% of cases @entity788 presents as a mild, self-limiting disease with low morbidity and mortality. Unlike mild @entity788 , @entity788 develops in about 15% of @entity1 , with @entity281 of @entity39 representing the single most important risk factor for a fatal outcome. Infection of @entity39 in the natural course develops in the second and third week after onset of the disease and is reported in 40% to 70% of @entity1 with @entity788 . Just recently, prevention of @entity281 by prophylactic antibiotic treatment and assessment of the @entity281 status of @entity39 by fine-needle aspiration have been established in the management of severe @entity788 . Because medical treatment alone will result in a mortality rate of almost 100% in @entity1 with signs of @entity149 , @entity1 with infected @entity39 must undergo surgical intervention, which consists of an organ-preserving necrosectomy combined with a postoperative closed lavage concept that maximizes further evacuation of infected debris and exudate. However, intensive care treatment, including prophylactic antibiotics, reduces the @entity281 rate and delays the need for surgery in most @entity1 until the third or fourth week after the onset of symptoms. At that time, debridement of @entity39 is technically easier to perform, due to better demarcation between viable and @entity39 tissue compared with necrosectomy earlier in the disease. In contrast, surgery is rarely needed in the presence of sterile @entity39 . In those @entity1 the conservative approach is supported by the present data.

title: XXXX in acute @entity788 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Management of infection']


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity7178 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity969 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity1025 , when @entity1025 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity22878 -directed @entity37251 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity2755 and @entity3639 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity114 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of XXXX : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of @entity114 -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

entities_list: @entity22878 :: ('CHEBI:73279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyuridylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity37251 :: ('MESH:C012001', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenylalanine']

answer: @entity7178 :: (1270,Species) :: ['Micrococcus luteus']


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity7178 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity969 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity1025 , when @entity1025 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity22878 -directed @entity37251 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity2755 and @entity3639 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity114 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of @entity7178 : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of XXXX -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the thin-section helical computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity253 caused by @entity3 . METHODS: Thin-section helical CT (5 mm slice thickness, 1:1 pitch, portal phase) and direct cholangiography in 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity253 caused by metastases were reviewed retrospectively by three radiologists. The primary sites were the stomach ( n = 36), colon ( n = 12), jejunum ( n = 1), and uterus ( n = 1). The level of @entity253 was analyzed with the Bismuth classification, and the CT findings of @entity253 were classified into six types: small (<2 cm) periductal masses, large (>/=2 cm) periductal masses, extrinsic compression by a metastatic liver mass, high-attenuation intraductal mass, intrapancreatic mass, and no demonstrable lesion. RESULTS: The level of @entity253 was the hilum in 18 @entity1 (36%), the proximal common duct in 20 (40%), the distal common duct in five (10%), and the periampullary area in seven (14%). Of 18 hilar obstructions, @entity5 involvement of the secondary confluence of intrahepatic bile ducts was seen in 10 (right in six, left in one, and bilateral in three). Periductal masses were seen in 68% (small in 18, large in 16). In one @entity1 (2%), a large metastatic mass of the liver resulted in extrinsic compression and @entity253 . Lesions mimicking primary biliary or pancreatic @entity5 were seen in four, respectively. In seven, we found no obstructing lesion on CT. CONCLUSION: @entity253 in @entity1 with known primary @entity5 can show atypical patterns mimicking primary @entity5 on thin-section helical CT.

title: XXXX : thin-section helical CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'Biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pancreatobiliary malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Biliary obstruction in metastatic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: I evaluated the computed tomographic (CT) features of nine pathologically proven cases of @entity201 in the extrahepatic bile duct associated with @entity14007 . METHODS: CT scans of nine pathologically proven @entity201 associated with @entity14007 were reviewed retrospectively. CT scans were analyzed for the following parameters: @entity5 (detection, location, gross morphologic type, contrast enhancement), intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, pattern of dilatation), common bile duct (dilatation, @entity2440 worms), @entity1085 ( @entity32 , @entity2441 worms), invasion of the contiguous viscera (pancreas, duodenum, liver), @entity194 , and @entity3329 and @entity3 . RESULTS: CT depicted the level and cause of obstruction in all nine @entity1 (100%). Contrast enhancement of the @entity5 relative to the liver parenchyma showed isoattenuation in five @entity5 (55%) and hyperattenuation in four @entity5 (44%). Severe, uniform dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was identified in six @entity1 (67%) and central dilatation was seen in two @entity1 (22%). No evidence of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was seen in one patent (11%). Most @entity5 were located in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct ( n = 7, 78%). Male preponderance was found ( n = 8, 89%). CONCLUSION: @entity201 associated with @entity14007 was located predominantly in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct and detected more readily than nonclonorchiasis-associated @entity201 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity14007 : CT evaluation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['lobar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: I evaluated the computed tomographic (CT) features of nine pathologically proven cases of @entity201 in the extrahepatic bile duct associated with @entity14007 . METHODS: CT scans of nine pathologically proven @entity201 associated with @entity14007 were reviewed retrospectively. CT scans were analyzed for the following parameters: @entity5 (detection, location, gross morphologic type, contrast enhancement), intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, pattern of dilatation), common bile duct (dilatation, @entity2440 worms), @entity1085 ( @entity32 , @entity2441 worms), invasion of the contiguous viscera (pancreas, duodenum, liver), @entity194 , and @entity3329 and @entity3 . RESULTS: CT depicted the level and cause of obstruction in all nine @entity1 (100%). Contrast enhancement of the @entity5 relative to the liver parenchyma showed isoattenuation in five @entity5 (55%) and hyperattenuation in four @entity5 (44%). Severe, uniform dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was identified in six @entity1 (67%) and central dilatation was seen in two @entity1 (22%). No evidence of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was seen in one patent (11%). Most @entity5 were located in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct ( n = 7, 78%). Male preponderance was found ( n = 8, 89%). CONCLUSION: @entity201 associated with @entity14007 was located predominantly in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct and detected more readily than nonclonorchiasis-associated @entity201 .

title: @entity201 associated with XXXX : CT evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity14007 :: (MESH:D003003,Disease) :: ['clonorchiasis']


abstract: As scintigraphy with @entity39259 has become a standard technique in analysing @entity1943 receptor-receptor positive lesions such as @entity5 , a logical next step is peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Initial studies on PRRT were performed with high doses of @entity39259 , and recently other radionuclides coupled to other @entity1943 analogues have been used for this purpose. However, the dose delivered to the kidney is a major dose-limiting factor. @entity535 solutions have previously been used to reduce renal uptake of radioactivity, but these solutions have some disadvantages, i.e. their hyperosmolarity and their propensity to cause @entity391 and metabolic changes. In this study we tested various @entity535 solutions in @entity1 receiving @entity39259 PRRT in order to assess their safety and their capacity to inhibit the renal uptake of radioactivity. @entity1 served as their own non-infused control. Renal radioactivity at 24 h following the injection of @entity39259 was inhibited by (1) a commercially available @entity535 solution (AA) (21%+/-14%, P<0.02), (2) by 25 g (17%+/-9%, P<0.04), 50 g (15%+/-13%, P<0.04) or 75 g of @entity376 (44%+/-11%, P<0.001) and (3) by a combination of 25 g of @entity376 plus 25 g of @entity369 (LysArg) (33%+/-23%, P<0.01). Fluid infusion alone (500, 1,000 or 2,000 ml of saline/ @entity413 ) did not change renal uptake of radioactivity. In @entity1 studied with 75 g of @entity376 (Lys75) and LysArg, serum @entity972 levels rose significantly. Maximal @entity972 levels were within the toxic range (6.3, 6.7 and 6.8 mmol/l) in three out of six @entity1 infused with Lys75, whereas with LysArg the highest concentration measured was 6.0 mmol/l. Electrocardiographic analysis did not reveal significant changes in any of the @entity1 . Vomiting occurred in 50% of @entity1 infused with AA, but in only 6% of @entity1 receiving no @entity535 infusion (controls) and 9% of @entity1 receiving LysArg. We conclude that co-infusion of Lys75 or LysArg results in a significant inhibition of renal radioactivity in PRRT, allowing higher treatment doses and thus resulting in higher @entity5 radiation doses. Because Lys75 produced serious hyperkalaemia, it is not suitable for clinical use. LysArg, however, is effective in offering renal protection in PRRT and is safe.

title: Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of @entity376 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: As scintigraphy with @entity39259 has become a standard technique in analysing @entity1943 receptor-receptor positive lesions such as @entity5 , a logical next step is peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Initial studies on PRRT were performed with high doses of @entity39259 , and recently other radionuclides coupled to other @entity1943 analogues have been used for this purpose. However, the dose delivered to the kidney is a major dose-limiting factor. @entity535 solutions have previously been used to reduce renal uptake of radioactivity, but these solutions have some disadvantages, i.e. their hyperosmolarity and their propensity to cause @entity391 and metabolic changes. In this study we tested various @entity535 solutions in @entity1 receiving @entity39259 PRRT in order to assess their safety and their capacity to inhibit the renal uptake of radioactivity. @entity1 served as their own non-infused control. Renal radioactivity at 24 h following the injection of @entity39259 was inhibited by (1) a commercially available @entity535 solution (AA) (21%+/-14%, P<0.02), (2) by 25 g (17%+/-9%, P<0.04), 50 g (15%+/-13%, P<0.04) or 75 g of @entity376 (44%+/-11%, P<0.001) and (3) by a combination of 25 g of @entity376 plus 25 g of @entity369 (LysArg) (33%+/-23%, P<0.01). Fluid infusion alone (500, 1,000 or 2,000 ml of saline/ @entity413 ) did not change renal uptake of radioactivity. In @entity1 studied with 75 g of @entity376 (Lys75) and LysArg, serum @entity972 levels rose significantly. Maximal @entity972 levels were within the toxic range (6.3, 6.7 and 6.8 mmol/l) in three out of six @entity1 infused with Lys75, whereas with LysArg the highest concentration measured was 6.0 mmol/l. Electrocardiographic analysis did not reveal significant changes in any of the @entity1 . Vomiting occurred in 50% of @entity1 infused with AA, but in only 6% of @entity1 receiving no @entity535 infusion (controls) and 9% of @entity1 receiving LysArg. We conclude that co-infusion of Lys75 or LysArg results in a significant inhibition of renal radioactivity in PRRT, allowing higher treatment doses and thus resulting in higher @entity5 radiation doses. Because Lys75 produced serious hyperkalaemia, it is not suitable for clinical use. LysArg, however, is effective in offering renal protection in PRRT and is safe.

title: Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of XXXX and @entity369 .

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: We reviewed 204 cases of @entity5572 seen between 1970 and 1985. Ninety were found to be amoebic, 24 pyogenic and one tuberculous. The cause of the abscesses in the remaining 89 @entity1 was not established. The @entity1 were predominantly male, Indians, and in the 30-60 age group. The majority of @entity1 presented with @entity221 and right hypochondrial @entity158 . The most common laboratory findings were leucocytosis, hypoalbuminaemia and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Amoebic abscesses were mainly solitary while pyogenic abscesses were mainly multiple. Complications were few in our @entity1 and included @entity298 and @entity1457 . An overall mortality of 2.9% was recorded. The difficulty in diagnosing the @entity733 type is highlighted. The single most important test in helping us diagnose amoebic @entity733 , presumably the most common type of @entity733 in the tropics, is the Entamoeba histolytica antibody assay. This test should be used more frequently in the tropics.

title: XXXX in the tropics: experience in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemic shock']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['rupture into the pleural and peritoneal cavities']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['Liver abscess']


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity4210 an etiologic agent of @entity8116 . As such, @entity32 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity32 . Up-regulation of @entity3804 / @entity12213 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity281 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity3804 / @entity12213 results in early @entity2259 . We hypothesized that @entity8042 integrin-dependent @entity281 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity281 kinetics were evaluated in @entity4459 / @entity12213 , @entity3804 / @entity12213 , and @entity12213 knock-out @entity19 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity281 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity8042 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity8042 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity8042 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity548 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity776 / @entity12213 -deficient @entity19 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity8042 integrins in kinetics of @entity2259 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytic ehrlichiosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['increases in bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophila']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophila']


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity4210 an etiologic agent of @entity8116 . As such, @entity32 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity32 . Up-regulation of @entity3804 / @entity12213 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity281 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity3804 / @entity12213 results in early @entity2259 . We hypothesized that @entity8042 integrin-dependent @entity281 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity281 kinetics were evaluated in @entity4459 / @entity12213 , @entity3804 / @entity12213 , and @entity12213 knock-out @entity19 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity281 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity8042 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity8042 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity8042 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity548 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity776 / @entity12213 -deficient @entity19 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity8042 integrins in kinetics of XXXX , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity4210 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity4210 an etiologic agent of @entity8116 . As such, @entity32 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity32 . Up-regulation of @entity3804 / @entity12213 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity281 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity3804 / @entity12213 results in early @entity2259 . We hypothesized that @entity8042 integrin-dependent @entity281 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity281 kinetics were evaluated in @entity4459 / @entity12213 , @entity3804 / @entity12213 , and @entity12213 knock-out @entity19 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity281 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity8042 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity8042 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity8042 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity548 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity776 / @entity12213 -deficient @entity19 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil XXXX integrins in kinetics of @entity2259 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity4210 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity8042 :: (15130(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta 2']


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity4210 an etiologic agent of @entity8116 . As such, @entity32 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity32 . Up-regulation of @entity3804 / @entity12213 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity281 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity3804 / @entity12213 results in early @entity2259 . We hypothesized that @entity8042 integrin-dependent @entity281 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity281 kinetics were evaluated in @entity4459 / @entity12213 , @entity3804 / @entity12213 , and @entity12213 knock-out @entity19 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity281 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity8042 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity8042 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity8042 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity548 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity776 / @entity12213 -deficient @entity19 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity8042 integrins in kinetics of @entity2259 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity4210 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Dietary supplementation with long-chain @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) has become an attractive possibility to alleviate or prevent cerebrovascular pathophysiology. To characterize the potentially beneficial cerebrovascular action of n-3 @entity5204 that predominantly occur in fish oil, we set up an experimental paradigm where @entity35 with chronic @entity1779 were supplied with n-3 @entity5204 -enriched diets. @entity1779 was created by a permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) of @entity35 at the age of 4 months, with a survival of 3 months. Simultaneously, the @entity35 were provided with experimental diets from the time of weaning until the termination of the experiments. The control diet was comparable to standard @entity35 chow, while @entity71003 contained additional n-3 @entity5204 and diet 2 was further enriched with structural phospholipids and neurotransmitter precursors. In summary, the data show that diet 2 improved spatial learning of 2VO @entity35 in the Morris water maze. Both @entity71003 and diet 2 augmented blood-brain barrier parameters and increased the density of the M1-type muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus independent of the rate of cerebral perfusion. In addition to an overview of these results, changes that were supportive or accompanying those described in the CNS are also presented. Briefly, plasma @entity2819 concentration was elevated most explicitly by 2VO, while the relative weight of the liver and spleen increased due to the diets. The data draw attention to changes not only in the CNS, but also in the periphery as a consequence of chronic supplementation with n-3 @entity5204 -enriched diets.

title: Systemic effects of dietary n-3 XXXX supplementation accompany changes of CNS parameters in @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion', 'Cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity5204 :: (CHEBI:26208,Chemical) :: ['PUFA']


abstract: Dietary supplementation with long-chain @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) has become an attractive possibility to alleviate or prevent cerebrovascular pathophysiology. To characterize the potentially beneficial cerebrovascular action of n-3 @entity5204 that predominantly occur in fish oil, we set up an experimental paradigm where @entity35 with chronic @entity1779 were supplied with n-3 @entity5204 -enriched diets. @entity1779 was created by a permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) of @entity35 at the age of 4 months, with a survival of 3 months. Simultaneously, the @entity35 were provided with experimental diets from the time of weaning until the termination of the experiments. The control diet was comparable to standard @entity35 chow, while @entity71003 contained additional n-3 @entity5204 and diet 2 was further enriched with structural phospholipids and neurotransmitter precursors. In summary, the data show that diet 2 improved spatial learning of 2VO @entity35 in the Morris water maze. Both @entity71003 and diet 2 augmented blood-brain barrier parameters and increased the density of the M1-type muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus independent of the rate of cerebral perfusion. In addition to an overview of these results, changes that were supportive or accompanying those described in the CNS are also presented. Briefly, plasma @entity2819 concentration was elevated most explicitly by 2VO, while the relative weight of the liver and spleen increased due to the diets. The data draw attention to changes not only in the CNS, but also in the periphery as a consequence of chronic supplementation with n-3 @entity5204 -enriched diets.

title: Systemic effects of dietary n-3 @entity5204 supplementation accompany changes of CNS parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']


abstract: The consumption of energy beverages is increasing, especially among young @entity1 . The increasing consumption of these drinks increases the data of side effects. Case report: A 26-year old male was admitted to Toxicology Department suspected of intoxication due to @entity1068 and unknown psychoactive substances. The @entity1 lost consciousness during a party in which he drank an unknown amount of @entity1068 mixed with an energy beverage ("Red Bull"). The @entity1 and his friends strongly denied the use of psychoactive substances. On admission, the @entity1 was stable, but unconscious (GCS 8 points), pupils wide, symmetric with weak reaction to light, respiratory rate 15/min. Neurological examination did not reveal any abnormalities. During the hospitalization, @entity2147 slowly disappeared and the @entity1 became restless, with recurrent episodes of @entity410 not reacting to @entity3175 , @entity2053 and @entity1363 infusion. The @entity410 finally abated after administration of barbiturates (Thiopental). This, in turn, caused @entity1576 , requiring @entity1 intubation and mechanical ventilation. The @entity1 mental status and respiratory status slowly improved. After regaining consciousness, the @entity1 strongly denied the use of psychoactive substances or of chronic @entity285 use. He confirmed the single use of high, but not clearly defined, @entity5834 dosage (in the form of "Red Bull") mixed with @entity285 . He mentioned that eight months earlier in similar circumstances he was admitted to the neurology department due to an episode of @entity410 . Ultimately the origin was not established, despite broad diagnostic testing. Thus the origin of the @entity410 was suggested to be of a toxicological origin. The @entity1 was released home in good condition, without any side effects of the @entity4968 . The psychological examination doe not reveal any symptoms of @entity285 or psychoactive @entity734 . In our case, due to the unclear nature of the history, we preformed broad diagnostic testing on admission to the hospital, which do not reveal the presence of any toxic substances except @entity1068 ; concentration in the blood was 2,41 gil. Unfortunately, serum @entity5834 levels were not measured. There was no identification of any other factors that could be responsible for the observed symptoms. It appears that based on the interview, clinical manifestation, and negative toxicology laboratory testing (excluding the presence of @entity1068 ), it is possible to connect the @entity410 state with the consumption of a high dose of energy drinks, rich in @entity5834 and @entity2226 .

title: [Energy drinks as a cause of XXXX --real or possible danger? Case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substances addiction']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate determination of rates of de novo synthesis and degradation of cytochromes @entity11670 ( @entity11670 ) has been challenging. There is a high degree of variability in the multiple published values of turnover for specific P450s which is likely exacerbated by differences in methodologies. For @entity5322 , half-life values range from 10 to 140h (Yang et al., 2008). An accurate value for kdeg has been identified as a major limitation for prediction of drug interactions involving mechanism based inhibition and/or induction. Estimation of @entity11670 half-life from in vitro test systems, such as @entity1 hepatocytes, is complicated by differential decreased enzyme function over culture time, attenuation of the impact of enzyme loss through inclusion of glucocorticoids in media, and viability limitations over long-term culture times. HepatoPac overcomes some of these challenges providing an extended stability of enzymes (2.5 weeks in our hands). As such it is a unique tool for studying rates of enzyme degradation achieved through modulation of enzyme levels. @entity5322 mRNA levels were rapidly depleted by >90% using either siRNA or addition of @entity650 which allowed an estimation of the degradation rate constant for @entity5322 protein over an incubation time of 96 hours. The degradation rate constant of 0.0240    0.005 h(-1) was reproducible in hepatocytes from five different @entity1 donors. These donors also reflected the overall population with respect to @entity5396 genotype. This methodology can be applied to additional enzymes and may provide a more accurate in vitro derived kdeg value for predicting clinical DDI outcomes.

title: Determination of a Degradation Constant for XXXX by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel @entity1 Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac    .

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate determination of rates of de novo synthesis and degradation of cytochromes @entity11670 ( @entity11670 ) has been challenging. There is a high degree of variability in the multiple published values of turnover for specific P450s which is likely exacerbated by differences in methodologies. For @entity5322 , half-life values range from 10 to 140h (Yang et al., 2008). An accurate value for kdeg has been identified as a major limitation for prediction of drug interactions involving mechanism based inhibition and/or induction. Estimation of @entity11670 half-life from in vitro test systems, such as @entity1 hepatocytes, is complicated by differential decreased enzyme function over culture time, attenuation of the impact of enzyme loss through inclusion of glucocorticoids in media, and viability limitations over long-term culture times. HepatoPac overcomes some of these challenges providing an extended stability of enzymes (2.5 weeks in our hands). As such it is a unique tool for studying rates of enzyme degradation achieved through modulation of enzyme levels. @entity5322 mRNA levels were rapidly depleted by >90% using either siRNA or addition of @entity650 which allowed an estimation of the degradation rate constant for @entity5322 protein over an incubation time of 96 hours. The degradation rate constant of 0.0240    0.005 h(-1) was reproducible in hepatocytes from five different @entity1 donors. These donors also reflected the overall population with respect to @entity5396 genotype. This methodology can be applied to additional enzymes and may provide a more accurate in vitro derived kdeg value for predicting clinical DDI outcomes.

title: Determination of a Degradation Constant for @entity5322 by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel XXXX Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac    .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The harmful effects of @entity287 during pregnancy on occurrence of postpartum @entity308 symptoms (PPDS) have been well studied, but there is little research on the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy with PPDS. This study aimed to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to SHS during pregnancy and PPDS. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from 6884 @entity1 who participated in the North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System survey (2004-08). Data on the exposure (prenatal SHS), outcome (PPDS) and covariates were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPDS was 16.5%. In the unadjusted analysis, @entity1 exposed to SHS during pregnancy had nearly twice the odds of PPDS than the unexposed (odds ratio, OR = 1.90, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.61-2.26). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association between SHS and PPDS was weakened but remained statistically significant (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.80). A dose-response relationship was not evident in the analyses. Maternal @entity287 during pregnancy did not appear to modify the association between SHS and PPDS. CONCLUSIONS: The current study identified a positive association between SHS and PPDS.

title: Prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke may increase the risk of postpartum XXXX symptoms.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. @entity22968 is a surrogate @entity409 marker that may be associated with CV risk factors. In this study, we tested whether serum @entity22968 is a biomarker for @entity27 . Serum @entity22968 levels were measured at baseline in 40 @entity1 with @entity27 and 40 healthy controls and after 3 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the @entity1 with @entity27 . All @entity1 were evaluated by full polysomnography. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured in all @entity1 . @entity22968 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity27 than in healthy controls. After adjusting confounders, @entity22968 was a good predictor of @entity27 . @entity22968 levels correlated with @entity27 severity (measured by the @entity27 [ @entity27 ]). After 3 months of CPAP treatment, @entity22968 levels significantly decreased. @entity22968 levels were significantly and independently correlated with cIMT and @entity384 after multiple adjustments. The cIMT and @entity384 also had significant and independent correlation with @entity27 . @entity22968 might be a useful marker for the predisposition of @entity1 with @entity27 to @entity455 .

title: Effect of CPAP on New Endothelial Dysfunction Marker, XXXX , in @entity1 With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['premature vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'Flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea index', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA', 'AHI']

answer: @entity22968 :: (11082,Gene) :: ['Endocan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. @entity22968 is a surrogate @entity409 marker that may be associated with CV risk factors. In this study, we tested whether serum @entity22968 is a biomarker for @entity27 . Serum @entity22968 levels were measured at baseline in 40 @entity1 with @entity27 and 40 healthy controls and after 3 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the @entity1 with @entity27 . All @entity1 were evaluated by full polysomnography. @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured in all @entity1 . @entity22968 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity27 than in healthy controls. After adjusting confounders, @entity22968 was a good predictor of @entity27 . @entity22968 levels correlated with @entity27 severity (measured by the @entity27 [ @entity27 ]). After 3 months of CPAP treatment, @entity22968 levels significantly decreased. @entity22968 levels were significantly and independently correlated with cIMT and @entity384 after multiple adjustments. The cIMT and @entity384 also had significant and independent correlation with @entity27 . @entity22968 might be a useful marker for the predisposition of @entity1 with @entity27 to @entity455 .

title: Effect of CPAP on New Endothelial Dysfunction Marker, @entity22968 , in XXXX With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: To begin to understand the role of @entity7666 dnaA in DNA replication, the dnaA gene was characterized at the genetic level. Western analyses revealed that DnaA accounts for approximately 0.18% of the total cellular protein during both the active and stationary growth periods. Expression of antisense dnaA RNA reduced viability, indicating that dnaA is an essential gene in replication. To further understand the role(s) of dnaA in replication, a conditionally expressing strain was constructed in which expression of dnaA was controlled by @entity14941 . Growth in the presence of 0.2% @entity14941 elevated the intracellular levels of DnaA and increased cell length, but did not affect viability. Visualization of DNA by fluorescence microscopy revealed that DnaA-overproducing cells were multinucleoidal, indicating a loss of synchrony between the replication and cell-division cycles. Withdrawal of @entity14941 resulted in the depletion of the intracellular levels of DnaA, reduced viability and gradually blocked DNA synthesis. @entity14941 -starved cells were very filamentous, several times the size of the parent cells and showed either abnormal or multi-nucleoid morphology, indicating a blockage in cell-division events. The addition of @entity14941 to the starved cells restored their viability and shortened the lengths of their filaments back to the size of the parent cells. Thus, both increasing and decreasing the levels of DnaA have an effect on the cells, indicating that the level of DnaA is critical to the maintenance of coordination between DNA replication and cell division. It is concluded that DNA replication and cell-division processes in @entity7666 are linked, and it is proposed that DnaA has a role in both of these processes.

title: Conditional expression of XXXX dnaA, an essential DNA replication gene.

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis', 'M. smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity14941 :: ('MESH:C030686', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamide', 'Acetamide']

answer: @entity7666 :: (1772,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most common clinical studies with antiepileptic drugs do not reflect medical everyday practice due to their strict in- and exclusion criteria and specifications of treatment regimens. Here we present a large non-interventional registry with the intention to evaluate the spectrum of applications in daily use and the efficacy and tolerability of intravenously given @entity4677 (LEV-iv). METHODS: In a prospective approach of 17 neurological and neuropediatric centres in Germany LEV-iv treated @entity1 of all ages were included over a period of 10 months. The observational period was 10 days with daily documentation of LEV-iv administration, type and frequency of @entity410 , currently used drugs and doses, and adverse events (AEs). In addition, treatment efficacy and tolerability were assessed by @entity1 and physicians at study end as well as practicability of LEV-iv using a five-step scale. RESULTS: In 95 @entity1 LEV-iv was administered, 93 were included into the analysis. The median LEV-iv dose was 1500mg (range 110-6000mg) per day. Median age was 66 years (range 0.7-90.3 years). The majority of @entity1 (n=70, 75%) suffered from @entity159 ( @entity159 , n=55, 59%) and acute @entity410 clusters (n=15, 16%). Of those with @entity159 , 41 @entity1 (75%) had @entity159 for the first time. Acute @entity410 clusters and @entity159 terminated in 83% after LEV-iv administration. A total of 29 adverse events were reported in 17 of the 95 @entity1 from the safety set. Ten of these were at least possibly related to LEV-iv treatment. Slight decrease of blood pressure during the infusion (3 @entity1 each) was captured most frequently. No serious side effect was observed. Physicians rated the efficacy and tolerability of LEV-iv treatment as good or very good in 78% and 82% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this large observational study of everyday practise the use of LEV-iv exhibited a remarkable good response and tolerability in @entity1 with acute onset @entity410 (mostly @entity159 ). Further randomized controlled studies, like the established @entity159 trial (ESET) are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Intravenous XXXX in clinical practice - Results from an independent registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) resulting in @entity4910 overexpression is consistently present in @entity1073 . However secondary chromosomal aberrations are also extremely common. Of these, 8q24 abnormalities associated with the t(11;14) are rare. Over the course of 10 years at M.D. Anderson @entity5 Center, we identified five cases of @entity1073 in which conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed complex karyotypes, including the t(11;14) and 8q24 abnormalities: one with t(8;14)(q24;q32), one with t(2;8)(q13;q24), and three with add(8)(q24). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on all cases. In the case with the t(8;14), @entity7513 /myc fusion signals were identified, and in the case with the t(2;8), split @entity517 signals were detected. In the three cases with add(8)(q24), one case had split @entity517 signals and two cases had three copies of @entity517 . Thus, the @entity517 gene was involved in all cases. All five @entity5 had blastoid morphologic features, and four cases, including the cases with the t(8;14) and t(2;8), had @entity1778 involvement. We conclude that 8q24 abnormalities involving the @entity517 gene are uncommon secondary abnormalities that occur in a subset of @entity1073 . @entity517 gene abnormalities are associated with blastoid cytologic features and also may be associated with @entity1778 involvement.

title: XXXX with 8q24 chromosomal abnormalities: a report of 5 cases with blastoid features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphomas', 'mantle cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['Mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: The current report presents the case of a 42-year-old male with extraordinarily salient urination difficulty that had lasted 6  months. Transrectal ultrasonography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated @entity1067 and cyst. PSA level was 20.65 (>4)  g/L in the @entity1 . Transrectal prostatic biopsy revealed @entity1067 . He agreed to receive plasmakinetic resection of the prostate. During operation a lobulated lump was unexpectedly found on the verumontanum, with the prostate macroscopically normal. Complete @entity5 excision was performed and pathological assessment indicated phyllodes @entity5 of the verumontanum. The @entity1 had an uneventful post-operative course and recovered well. The diagnosis, histological classification, treatment, and prognosis of this case are presented. It is necessary to perform cystoscopy to exclude verumontanum @entity5 even when all imaging examinations indicate @entity1067 , especially in young males. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1868931661161758.

title: Phyllodes XXXX of the verumontanum: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia', 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'prostate hyperplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Seventeen cases of @entity11821 were studied. Most of the @entity1 were @entity1 ; however, two elderly individuals were involved (range, birth to 85 years). The most common site was the tarsal conjunctiva, where firm sessile or pedunculated @entity66 were seen. However, corneal involvement, as well as similar and recurrent lesions, were also present in the larynx, vocal cords, @entity825 , nose, vagina, cervix, and gingiva. Many recurrences (up to 10 times) rapidly followed simple surgical excision in all @entity1 . Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by subepithelial, eosinophilic, amorphous material admixed with acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The finding of amorphous material containing fibrin, immunoglobulins, and albumin suggested leakage from hyperpermeable blood vessels. Electron microscopic studies of the lesions disclosed few abnormal blood vessels with wide gaps between endothelial cells that were surrounded by a thick multilaminar basement membrane. The duration of the disease ranged from 4 months to 44 years. After several recurrences, spontaneous resolution occurred in six @entity1 .

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11821 :: ('MESH:C566897', 'Disease') :: ['ligneous conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['membranous lesions']

answer: @entity11821 :: (MESH:C566897,Disease) :: ['Ligneous conjunctivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of medical complications on adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHOD: Structured interview including standardized measures. @entity1 : Individuals who sustained @entity1566 at age 18 years or younger and were 24 years of age or older at interview. OUTCOME MEASURES: A structured interview covering employment, independent living and driving, and marriage. Standardized measures include the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), the Short Form (SF-12), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: Two hundred sixteen individuals were interviewed, with a mean age at injury of 14 years and a mean age at follow-up of 29 years. Of all the complications, pressure @entity1066 , severe @entity293 ( @entity293 ), and @entity508 had the greatest impact on adult outcomes. Pressure @entity1066 were statistically related to all main outcomes. Severe @entity293 was statistically associated with all the outcomes except for marriage. Spasticity was associated with all the measured outcomes, except for marriage and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was most significantly associated with severe @entity293 , pressure @entity1066 , @entity158 , and @entity1576 . CONCLUSION: Medical complications significantly affect adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset @entity1566 .

title: Adults with pediatric-onset XXXX : part 3: impact of medical complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique', 'CHART']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine (1) the risk of @entity204 from @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and from all causes in @entity1 with @entity210 who do not undergo urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and (2) the effect of ULT on mortality risk in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: In this prospective case-matched cohort study, 40,623 Taiwanese individuals aged >=  17 years were followed for 6.5 years. Mortality rate was compared between 1189 @entity1 with @entity210 who did not receive ULT and reference subjects (no @entity210 , no ULT) matched for age, sex, and the index date of @entity210 diagnosis (1:3 @entity1 with @entity210 /reference subjects), and between 764 @entity1 with @entity210 who received ULT and 764 @entity1 with @entity210 who did not receive ULT matched 1-to-1 based on their propensity score and the index date of ULT prescription. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the respective risk of @entity65 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code 390-459) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment, @entity1 with @entity210 not treated with ULT had an increased risk of @entity65 mortality (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.33-4.45) and all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.05-2.00) relative to the matched reference subjects (no @entity210 , no ULT). @entity1 with @entity210 treated with ULT had a lower risk of @entity65 (0.29, 0.11-0.80) and all-cause mortality (0.47, 0.29-0.79) relative to @entity1 with @entity210 not treated with ULT. This survival benefit persisted for users of either @entity208 or @entity11368 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity210 who received ULT had significantly better survival rates than those who did not. Thus, undertreatment of @entity210 has serious negative consequences.

title: Effect of Urate-lowering Therapy on the Risk of XXXX and All-cause Mortality in @entity1 with Gout: A Case-matched Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine (1) the risk of @entity204 from @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and from all causes in @entity1 with @entity210 who do not undergo urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and (2) the effect of ULT on mortality risk in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: In this prospective case-matched cohort study, 40,623 Taiwanese individuals aged >=  17 years were followed for 6.5 years. Mortality rate was compared between 1189 @entity1 with @entity210 who did not receive ULT and reference subjects (no @entity210 , no ULT) matched for age, sex, and the index date of @entity210 diagnosis (1:3 @entity1 with @entity210 /reference subjects), and between 764 @entity1 with @entity210 who received ULT and 764 @entity1 with @entity210 who did not receive ULT matched 1-to-1 based on their propensity score and the index date of ULT prescription. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the respective risk of @entity65 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code 390-459) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment, @entity1 with @entity210 not treated with ULT had an increased risk of @entity65 mortality (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.33-4.45) and all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.05-2.00) relative to the matched reference subjects (no @entity210 , no ULT). @entity1 with @entity210 treated with ULT had a lower risk of @entity65 (0.29, 0.11-0.80) and all-cause mortality (0.47, 0.29-0.79) relative to @entity1 with @entity210 not treated with ULT. This survival benefit persisted for users of either @entity208 or @entity11368 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity210 who received ULT had significantly better survival rates than those who did not. Thus, undertreatment of @entity210 has serious negative consequences.

title: Effect of Urate-lowering Therapy on the Risk of @entity65 and All-cause Mortality in XXXX with Gout: A Case-matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Copenhagen Facial Nerve Study aims to explain the spontaneous course of @entity3762 peripheral @entity2103 which occurs without any kind of treatment. In this study @entity4401 and @entity3762 palsy are considered to be synonymous and specify an acute, monosymptomatic, unilateral peripheral facial paresis of unknown etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material includes 2,570 cases of peripheral @entity2103 studied during a period of 25 years. It includes 1,701 cases of @entity4401 and 869 of @entity4401 . In the total @entity1 sample, 116 had herpes zoster, 76 were @entity6 , 46 were pregnant and 169 were neonates. A total of 38 different etiologies were observed. At the first consultation a standard ENT examination was performed, including a thorough description of the grade and localization of the paresis, taste, stapedius reflex and nasolacrimal reflex tests and acoustic-vestibular examination. Follow-up was done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 1 year. RESULTS: The initial examination revealed 30% incomplete and 70% complete palsies. Follow-up showed that in 85% of @entity1 function was returned within 3 weeks and in the remaining 15% after 3-5 months. In 71% of @entity1 normal mimical function was obtained. Sequelae were slight in 12% of @entity1 , mild in 13% and severe in 4%. Contracture and associated movements were found in 17% and 16% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: A survey of the literature showed that no kind of treatment, including @entity229 , was able to give a better prognosis. The use of @entity229 raises a big ethical problem because no evidence of its efficacy exists and the euphoric side-effect induces a false feeling of benefit in the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral @entity2103 of different etiologies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["non-Bell's palsy", "Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']