abstract: MR is generally known to be more sensitive but less specific than CT in the detection of @entity75 . In our opinion multiple echo sequences can markedly improve MR specificity in the diagnosis of @entity5 . We reviewed a series of 343 @entity5 studied with MR using multiple echo sequences and histologically verified. On the basis of the different signal patterns we divided @entity1313 into 5 classes. Class 1: the signal intensity of the @entity5 increases progressively in T2 WI (100% of @entity976 , 21/21; 100% of epidermoid @entity5 , 12/12; 81% of @entity816 (grades I to III), 64/79; 65% of @entity808 , 30/46). Class 2: the signal intensity of the lesion decreases progressively in T2 WI: A) the @entity5 has higher signal intensity than the parenchyma in all echoes (100% of @entity2946 , 14/14; 53% of @entity977 , 15/28); B) the @entity5 has the same signal intensity as the parenchyma in late echo acquisitions (100% of @entity5 , 12/12; 60% of @entity1653 , 25/41). Class 3: the @entity5 has the same signal intensity as the parenchyma in all echoes (34% of @entity1653 , 14/41). Class 4: @entity463 model: one or more cysts of high signal intensity in T2 WI and slightly hyperintense nodules and/or rings and hyperintense @entity4 (73% of @entity463 , 35/48; 72% of metastases, 18/25). Class 5: @entity3271 model: mixed @entity2915 pattern; cyst, @entity730 and @entity4 are very difficult to recognize within the lesion (95% of @entity3271 , 18/19). The signal pattern was sometimes characteristic but never pathognomonic. Nevertheless, this classification proved to be an useful criterion to restrict the number of possible diagnoses. The study of T1 and T2 values seems to be less useful.

title: [Magnetic resonance in XXXX : a classification based on signal behavior in multiple echo sequences].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'ependymal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper/hypointense']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with management of pancreaticobiliary and duodenal (PB/D) perforations after periampullary endoscopic interventions. Although @entity9317 after periampullary endoscopic procedures are rare, their management has not been well described. @entity1 : Individuals who experienced @entity9317 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comorbidities, interventions performed, mechanism/site of perforation, management, and hospital morbidity/mortality. RESULTS: Seventy-five perforations (0.6%) occurred in 12,427 procedures; 20 perforations (27%) occurred during biliary stricture dilatation, 18 (24%) during diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and 15 (20%) during management of @entity2877 . Perforations were caused by guidewire insertion in 24 @entity1 (32%), sphincterotomy in 11 (15%), passage of the endoscope in 8 (11%), or stent migration in 7 (9%) and were identified during the index procedure in 45 @entity1 (60%). Delayed presentations included @entity158 in 33 @entity1 (44%), @entity491 in 26 (35%), and/or fever in 13 (17%) and were diagnosed using computed tomography in 19 @entity1 (25%) and abdominal radiography in 10 (13%); 9 cases (12%) were diagnosed more than 24 hours after the procedure. Indications for operative treatment were gaping duodenal perforations and perforations in @entity1 with surgically altered anatomy. Indications for nonoperative management included contained bile duct perforations and focal duodenal perforations. Management was nonoperative in 53 @entity1 (71%) and operative in 22 (29%). @entity1 with duodenal perforations, higher American Society of Anesthesia status (P<.01 each), and older age (mean +/- SEM, 65 +/- 4 vs 55 +/- 2 years; P = .02) were more likely to require operative management. Hospital stay (mean +/- SEM, 16 +/- 4 vs 4 +/- 1 days; P<.05) and mortality (13% vs 4%; P<.05) were greater in operative @entity1 (P<.05 each). CONCLUSIONS: Most (70%) @entity9317 secondary to periampullary endoscopic interventions can be managed nonoperatively. Most biliary perforations can be managed nonoperatively; a requirement for operative treatment increases the mortality rate.

title: XXXX after periampullary endoscopic procedures: diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticobiliary and duodenal perforations']

answer: @entity9317 :: (MESH:D004382,Disease) :: ['Pancreaticobiliary and duodenal perforations']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the forms and extent of genomic instability in @entity259 and @entity14 and to determine if such measurements could explain the generally excellent prognosis of @entity259 compared with @entity694 . DESIGN: Tumor genome analyses. Genomic instability was measured by the following 4 methods, listed in ascending order based on the size of events detected: inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR), fractional allelic loss (FAL) analysis, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and spectral karyotyping (SKY). RESULTS: The genomic instability index of 32 @entity259 , 59 @entity694 , and 11 @entity1586 was determined by ISSR-PCR; no difference was seen among the 3 groups by this method. Fractional allelic loss rates were comparable in @entity259 and @entity1586 and lower than FAL rates in @entity14 . Indolent @entity3557 were essentially diploid with no large-scale alterations in chromosome number or structure when evaluated by aCGH or SKY. In anaplastic @entity259 , aCGH revealed abundant chromosome alterations. @entity14 showed extensive copy number changes and chromosomal rearrangements when analyzed by aCGH and SKY. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic alterations in @entity3557 , such as in benign @entity1586 , are principally smaller events detected by ISSR-PCR. With the more aggressive @entity5 types (ie, anaplastic thyroid and @entity14 ), larger events detected by FAL analysis, aCGH, and SKY were revealed. We hypothesize that mutations caused by smaller genomic alterations enable thyroid cells to achieve a minimal malignant phenotype. Mutations for aggressive biological behavior appear with larger genomic events.

title: Comparative genomic instabilities of thyroid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasms', 'Colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: Small cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 rarely affect the duodenum, and optimal treatment has not been defined. The aim of this case series was to determine the clinical features and outcome of duodenal @entity1074 in four @entity1 (three @entity1 , one @entity1 ; median age 52 yr) treated with @entity786 p.o. Initial manifestations were @entity490 (n = 4), @entity391 (n = 2), and an obstructive syndrome (n = 1). @entity1074 was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic biopsies. It was localized in the duodenum in three cases and involved the entire small bowel in one case. Tumor infiltration was limited to the duodenal wall in one case and was associated with locoregional lymphadenopathy in three cases. The @entity1 were graded EI (n = 1) and EII1 (n = 3), respectively, according to the Ann Arbor classification revised by Musshof. @entity786 , 100 mg daily, was administered p.o. for 18 months. Gastroscopy with biopsies, radiography of the small intestine and abdominal CT (CT) were performed every 6 months. Complete remission was defined by morphological and histological normalization, and partial remission as morphological normalization only. Follow-up lasted from 9 to 65 months. Three @entity1 were in complete remission at 18 months: two relapsed after 2 yr and one was still in complete remission at 65 months. The @entity1 with 9 months of follow-up was in complete remission at 6 months. The two @entity1 who relapsed did not complain of symptoms, and no morphological @entity854 were seen. Relapse was diagnosed on histological grounds. @entity786 monotherapy p.o. thus seems well adapted to this slowly progressive disease, but it is unclear whether it should be resumed in the case of histological relapse or only in the case of symptomatic relapse. (Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:536-539. (O 2000 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)

title: @entity1074 : treatment with oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Small cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 rarely affect the duodenum, and optimal treatment has not been defined. The aim of this case series was to determine the clinical features and outcome of duodenal @entity1074 in four @entity1 (three @entity1 , one @entity1 ; median age 52 yr) treated with @entity786 p.o. Initial manifestations were @entity490 (n = 4), @entity391 (n = 2), and an obstructive syndrome (n = 1). @entity1074 was diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic biopsies. It was localized in the duodenum in three cases and involved the entire small bowel in one case. Tumor infiltration was limited to the duodenal wall in one case and was associated with locoregional lymphadenopathy in three cases. The @entity1 were graded EI (n = 1) and EII1 (n = 3), respectively, according to the Ann Arbor classification revised by Musshof. @entity786 , 100 mg daily, was administered p.o. for 18 months. Gastroscopy with biopsies, radiography of the small intestine and abdominal CT (CT) were performed every 6 months. Complete remission was defined by morphological and histological normalization, and partial remission as morphological normalization only. Follow-up lasted from 9 to 65 months. Three @entity1 were in complete remission at 18 months: two relapsed after 2 yr and one was still in complete remission at 65 months. The @entity1 with 9 months of follow-up was in complete remission at 6 months. The two @entity1 who relapsed did not complain of symptoms, and no morphological @entity854 were seen. Relapse was diagnosed on histological grounds. @entity786 monotherapy p.o. thus seems well adapted to this slowly progressive disease, but it is unclear whether it should be resumed in the case of histological relapse or only in the case of symptomatic relapse. (Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:536-539. (O 2000 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology)

title: XXXX : treatment with oral @entity786 .

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['Duodenal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if dendritic antigen-presenting cells (DC) are present in rheumatoid nodules, as has been reported in the @entity75 of @entity309 . METHODS: Nodules (n = 14) were examined with monoclonal antibodies (Mab) recognizing the DC differentiation/activation markers @entity8730 , CMRF44, and @entity72750 and an antibody recognizing the @entity4896 antigen present on epithelial tissue associated DC. Results. Cells expressing CMRF44 were common in rheumatoid nodules, comprising 22% of nucleated cells versus 13% in synovial membranes (n = 10). Cells positive for @entity4896 (5%) and @entity8730 (2%) were less common. A majority (86%) of CMRF44 positive cells were also positive for the macrophage marker @entity5750 . This left a significant minority of putative DC that were single stained with CMRF44. CONCLUSION: Cells bearing DC markers are as frequent in the @entity14931 as in the @entity75 . A majority are "indeterminate" cells that are @entity5750 positive but a proportion are single stained putative DC. The lack of lymphoid collections containing DC and T and B lymphocytes in the nodule suggests that local presentation of antigen may not occur in the @entity14931 , as is thought to be the case in synovial membranes containing lymphoid follicles. This difference could potentially be explained by different states of activation, and differentiation of DC within the 2 lesions.

title: Cells expressing dendritic cell markers are present in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['synovial lesions']

entities_list: @entity14931 :: ('MESH:D012218', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid nodule']

answer: @entity14931 :: (MESH:D012218,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid nodule']


abstract: RATIONALE: Current literature suggests that flour exposed workers continue to be at risk of allergic sensitization to flour dust and respiratory ill health. OBJECTIVES: A cross-sectional study of 225 workers currently potentially exposed to flour dust in British bakeries was performed to identify predictors of sensitization to @entity3505 flour and enzymes. RESULTS: Work-related nasal @entity146 was the most commonly reported symptom (28.9%) followed by eye @entity146 (13.3%) and work-related cough or chest tightness (both 10.2%). Work-related chest tightness was significantly associated (OR 7.9, 1.3-46.0) with co-sensitization to @entity3505 flour and any added enzyme. Working at a bakery with inadequate control measures was not a risk factor for reporting work-related respiratory symptoms (OR 1.3, 0.4-3.7). Fifty-one workers were @entity1097 and 23 (14%) were sensitized to workplace allergens. Atopy was the strongest predictive factor (OR 18.4, 5.3-64.3) determining sensitization. Current versus never smoking (OR 4.7, 1.1-20.8) was a significant risk factor for sensitization to @entity3505 flour or enzymes in @entity1097 , corrected for current level and duration of exposure. This effect was not seen in non- @entity1097 workers (OR 1.9, 0.2-17.9). Evidence of sensitization to less commonly encountered allergens was also seen to @entity11150 derived cellulase, hemicellulase and xylanase mix, in addition to @entity413 oxidase and amyloglucosidase mix. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of health surveillance and exposure control in this population has been insufficient to prevent clinically significant workplace sensitization. Smoking may pose an additional risk factor for sensitization in @entity1097 workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:133-140, 2009.

title: Sensitization to XXXX flour and enzymes and associated respiratory symptoms in British bakers.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic workers only', 'atopic']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive impact of chromosome 1p/19q deletions on the response and outcome of progressive @entity11 ( @entity11 ) treated with up-front @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) chemotherapy. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with measurable, progressive @entity11 (WHO grade II) treated with @entity2904 delivered at the conventional schedule (200 mg/m(2)/day for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 28 days) were retrospectively evaluated for response by central review of MRI-s. Chromosome 1p and 19q deletions were detected by the loss of the heterozygosity technique (LOH). RESULTS: A total of 149 consecutive @entity1 were included in this retrospective, single center observational study. The median number of @entity2904 cycles delivered was 14 (range 2 to 30). Seventy-seven @entity1 (53%) experienced an objective response (including 22 [15%] cases of partial response and 55 [38%] cases of minor response), 55 (37%) @entity1 had stable disease, and 14 (10%) had a progressive disease. The median time to maximum @entity5 response was 12 months (range 3 to 30 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 28 months (95% CI: 23.4 to 32.6). Material for genotyping was available for 86 @entity1 . Combined 1p/19q LOH was present in 42% of the cases and was significantly associated with a higher rate (p = 0.02) and longer objective response to chemotherapy (p = 0.017), and both longer PFS (p = 4.10(-5)) and overall survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity11 respond to @entity2903 and loss of chromosome 1p/19q predicts both a durable chemosensitivity and a favorable outcome.

title: XXXX for @entity11 : predictive impact of 1p/19q loss on response and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'low-grade gliomas', 'LGG']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive impact of chromosome 1p/19q deletions on the response and outcome of progressive @entity11 ( @entity11 ) treated with up-front @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) chemotherapy. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with measurable, progressive @entity11 (WHO grade II) treated with @entity2904 delivered at the conventional schedule (200 mg/m(2)/day for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 28 days) were retrospectively evaluated for response by central review of MRI-s. Chromosome 1p and 19q deletions were detected by the loss of the heterozygosity technique (LOH). RESULTS: A total of 149 consecutive @entity1 were included in this retrospective, single center observational study. The median number of @entity2904 cycles delivered was 14 (range 2 to 30). Seventy-seven @entity1 (53%) experienced an objective response (including 22 [15%] cases of partial response and 55 [38%] cases of minor response), 55 (37%) @entity1 had stable disease, and 14 (10%) had a progressive disease. The median time to maximum @entity5 response was 12 months (range 3 to 30 months). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 28 months (95% CI: 23.4 to 32.6). Material for genotyping was available for 86 @entity1 . Combined 1p/19q LOH was present in 42% of the cases and was significantly associated with a higher rate (p = 0.02) and longer objective response to chemotherapy (p = 0.017), and both longer PFS (p = 4.10(-5)) and overall survival (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity11 respond to @entity2903 and loss of chromosome 1p/19q predicts both a durable chemosensitivity and a favorable outcome.

title: @entity2903 for XXXX : predictive impact of 1p/19q loss on response and outcome.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade gliomas']


abstract: In 60 to 90% of @entity1 with @entity1150 , successful recanalization with prevention of @entity2979 and decreased risk of @entity1151 can be achieved through early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, thrombolysis or surgical correction. In our experience, if treatment is delayed more than four days after onset, the results are unfavorable; in the latter case, provided @entity32 is not present, we treat only with anticoagulation. The indication for surgery is considered established if thrombolytic treatment is contraindicated, in the presence of @entity32 , if thrombolysis is unsuccessful and for recurrent @entity1151 which is carried out mostly with a caval filter. Anticoagulation alone in most @entity1 will not lead to successful results. Sixty percent of @entity1150 arise ascending from lower leg @entity715 . Further points of predilection are the junctions of the popliteal vein, the veins in the inguinal region and the caval bifurcation. In principle, any @entity291 @entity158 should suggest the possibility of beginning lower leg @entity715 . With regard to the history, it is important to know if the event is the first of its kind or recurrent (Table 1). Additionally, @entity1150 may be suspected in the presence of local @entity130 , in @entity1 on contraceptives, in @entity1 with hemoblastoses, after surgery in the lower pelvic or leg region and, in particular in @entity1 , in the presence of pelvic venous impediment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Diagnostic viewpoints in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'deep vein thromboses']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep leg-/pelvic venous thrombosis']


abstract: Angiocardiography is a standard procedure for quantification and evaluation of @entity299 . Knowledge of the diameters at the level of @entity886 , ascending and descending aorta can contribute to the decision in repair of @entity299 . Moreover, they are helpful for postoperative follow-up studies. In order to establish normal standards, analysis was performed on 51 cineangiograms obtained from @entity1 , @entity1 and adolescents with no evidence of @entity299 (n = 16) or only hemodynamically irrelevant @entity65 (n = 35). The individual diagnoses in these @entity1 appear in the accompanying publication in this issue. @entity1 with @entity4503 or @entity21519 were excluded from measurements of the @entity886 , the sinus and the ascending aorta. Angiocardiography was performed in a fasting state, after sedation and in the supine position with injections of contrast material in the pulmonary artery and or in the left ventricle and ascending aorta. For purposes of calibration, a grid or the known diameter of the catheter was used. Systolic and diastolic diameters of the @entity886 ( @entity886 ), sinus ( @entity72751 ) and distal region, between sinus valsalvae and ascending aorta (AO-D), as well as those of the isthmus (DAO-I), postisthmic region (DAO-PI) and @entity823 ( @entity823 ) were measured. To obtain a mean value for each vascular structure, the corresponding systolic and diastolic diameters were averaged. The mean diameter was referenced to body length and body surface area (BSA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Normal values of the growth of the aorta in XXXX . An angiography study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve ring', 'AO-R']

entities_list: @entity823 :: ('MESH:D058502', 'Disease') :: ['descending thoracoabdominal aorta', 'DAO-T']

entities_list: @entity21519 :: ('MESH:D001020', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvular aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular malformations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 Powder ( @entity18307 ) is a popular Chinese herbal prescription. The combination of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 has been used to treat @entity344 for hundreds of years. To our interest, this combination shows a bilateral effect on gastrointestinal peristalsis. Our present study was focused on the bilateral role of this combination on the gastrointestinal tract. The effective constituents and mechanisms were explored. Six monomer constituents from Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus were screened by intestinal transit assay. The bilateral roles of three effective constituents were authenticated by gastric emptying assay, and the combination of three constituents showed a bilateral effect. Then, the mediating receptors and the role of NO and @entity9135 were examined to determine the mechanism involved. The overall results suggest that the major effective constituents of this combination are @entity33689 , @entity35085 and @entity13575 . @entity33689 inhibits the @entity344 , while @entity35085 stimulates it. @entity13575 shows different effects on intestinal and gastric activity. The effect of @entity33689 relies on the alpha-adrenergic receptor, and the effect of @entity35085 is mediated via the H1 @entity112 receptor. The regulation of @entity35085 and @entity33689 on NF- kappaB @entity9135 translocation and NO production through the alpha-receptor and the H1 receptor, respectively, is involved in the bilateral effect of the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus-Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 combination.

title: Effect of constituents from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal movement']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity13575 :: ('MESH:C015423', 'Chemical') :: ['paeoniflorin', 'Paeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity33689 :: ('MESH:D013578', 'Chemical') :: ['Synephrine', 'synephrine']

entities_list: @entity35085 :: ('MESH:D006569', 'Chemical') :: ['hesperidin']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal movement']


abstract: Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 Powder ( @entity18307 ) is a popular Chinese herbal prescription. The combination of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 has been used to treat @entity344 for hundreds of years. To our interest, this combination shows a bilateral effect on gastrointestinal peristalsis. Our present study was focused on the bilateral role of this combination on the gastrointestinal tract. The effective constituents and mechanisms were explored. Six monomer constituents from Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus were screened by intestinal transit assay. The bilateral roles of three effective constituents were authenticated by gastric emptying assay, and the combination of three constituents showed a bilateral effect. Then, the mediating receptors and the role of NO and @entity9135 were examined to determine the mechanism involved. The overall results suggest that the major effective constituents of this combination are @entity33689 , @entity35085 and @entity13575 . @entity33689 inhibits the @entity344 , while @entity35085 stimulates it. @entity13575 shows different effects on intestinal and gastric activity. The effect of @entity33689 relies on the alpha-adrenergic receptor, and the effect of @entity35085 is mediated via the H1 @entity112 receptor. The regulation of @entity35085 and @entity33689 on NF- kappaB @entity9135 translocation and NO production through the alpha-receptor and the H1 receptor, respectively, is involved in the bilateral effect of the Fructus Aurantii Immaturus-Radix Paeoniae @entity2928 combination.

title: Effect of constituents from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Paeoniae XXXX on @entity344 .

answer: @entity2928 :: (173,Gene) :: ['Alba']


abstract: Carotenoids have a dietary origin in birds, but mechanisms by which they are absorbed in the gut, transported in the blood, metabolized at various sites, and deposited in the integument remain poorly understood. Variation in both plasma carotenoid levels and external color may reflect different access to dietary carotenoids or individual physiological differences in the uptake and deposition of carotenoids. We compared total plasma carotenoid concentration in nestling @entity25813 ( @entity25813 ) from 11 Spanish colonies in two consecutive years. The main food item in one of the colonies was the @entity11110 ( @entity11110 ), a recently introduced species. Storks in the remaining colonies ate a variety of foods but no crayfish. Total plasma carotenoid levels in the colony where crayfish were consumed were about five times higher than in any other colony. These differences were maintained after controlling for the significant interyear variability, as well as for sex, age, and body mass of birds. Skin pigmentation also differed, being intensely orange in storks that consumed crayfish but white (unpigmented) in the remaining individuals. With thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and electronic absorption spectroscopy, @entity20467 was confirmed as the major carotenoid in crayfish as well as in the plasma, skin, and body fat of crayfish-eating storks, whereas @entity8665 was the main carotenoid in plasma samples from the other colonies. These results indicate that a newly available carotenoid in the environment, @entity20467 , can be absorbed in large quantities from the gut and be transported in the blood before deposition in different tissues.

title: Diet explains interpopulation variation of plasma carotenoids and skin pigmentation in nestling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25813 :: ('8928', 'Species') :: ['Ciconia ciconia', 'white storks']

entities_list: @entity20467 :: ('MESH:C005948', 'Chemical') :: ['astaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity11110 :: ('6728', 'Species') :: ['Procambarus clarkii', 'red swamp crayfish']

answer: @entity25813 :: (8928,Species) :: ['white storks']


abstract: AIM: To determine predictors of frequent @entity662 unit (CPU) users and to identify characteristics and outcomes of their CPU visits. @entity1 AND METHODS: Observational prospective case-control study. Frequent CPU user was defined by 3 or more CPU visits within the study year. A control @entity1 and a control visit were randomly selected for each case @entity1 and case visit. Demographic, clinical, and outcome variables were collected from medical record and phone interview performed in a 30-day interval. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify frequent CPU users' predictors. RESULTS: Of 1934 @entity1 presenting during the year, 80 (4.1%) met the definition for case @entity1 . They accounted for 352 (13%) of 2709 CPU visits. Sixty-seven (83.7%) case @entity1 and 71 (88.7%) control @entity1 were contacted. The final predictors were the following: Karnofsky Performance Scale of 70 or lesser (odds ratio [OR], 5.24 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.71-16.06]), previous hospitalization (OR, 3.76 [95% CI, 1.49-9.49]), previously known @entity453 (OR, 3.72 [95% CI, 1.32-10.52]), and symptoms of @entity308 (OR, 2.98 [95% CI, 1.14-7.78]). Case visits were more likely at night (OR, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.64- 3.52]), generated more diagnostic uncertainty (OR, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.71-3.35]), but did not increase the need of hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent CPU user is associated with previously known @entity453 , previous hospitalization, impaired performance status, and presence of symptoms of @entity308 . They are more likely to arrive on CPU at night and generate more diagnostic uncertainty.

title: Predictors and outcomes of frequent XXXX unit users.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The recognition and treatment of @entity308 is a challenging area of clinical practice, especially in primary care where there are many @entity1 with various presentations and a multitude of causes for distress. The prevalence of @entity308 is increasing, and it is predicted to become second only to @entity299 as a cause of morbidity worldwide. Fortunately, the research evidence on effective approaches is increasing. This article looks at how we can best identify, treat and understand the perspectives of @entity1 with @entity308 who are seen in primary care. Simple questionnaires can provide effective screening in generalist settings, particularly when targeting high-risk groups such as those with @entity65 or recurrent unexplained symptoms. Guidelines now exist for use of antidepressants and cognitive behavioural therapy for mild to moderate @entity308 , although the latter needs effective policy implementation in clinical practice to maximise its impact for @entity1 . However, there is also consistent evidence from service users that @entity1 with @entity308 want individualised care which takes into account their preferences and concerns, even if this entails departure from guidelines. Adherence to treatment is low in many studies, and remodelling of services can easily lead to gaps in consistent approaches to personal care. The research challenges for the future include clarification of which @entity1 groups merit proactive screening, how to enhance adherence, and the relative merits and outcomes of pharmacological versus behavioural therapies. Changes in policy and service configuration can improve or destabilise effective care, but high-quality and flexible intervention with @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity308 is likely to be cost-effective in view of the high prevalence and disease burden of this distressing problem.

title: XXXX in primary care: three key challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Changes in mRNA levels of @entity1024 receptor (NR) subunits were studied in a @entity35 model of withdrawal from forced @entity1068 ingestion over a period of 8 days. In part, this model may reflect the epsilon-type of @entity1 @entity988 according to Jellinek (College University Press, New Haven; 1972). The epsilon-type is characterized by dipsomania over a period of several days, recurring every few months and often followed by @entity1068 -induced @entity410 . @entity410 may be modulated by an increased glutamatergic neurotransmission to excitatory or inhibitory neurons on the basis of a changed gene expression of NR subunits. This hypothesis promoted the present study. Film autoradiograms and emulsion-coated brain sections following labeling of cholinergic and GABAergic neuron populations were evaluated. @entity4474 ( @entity4474 ) expression, studied with a probe recognizing all @entity4474 transcripts, was unchanged after withdrawal from chronic @entity1068 treatment compared to control animals. Using probes specific for different splice segments of @entity4474 , however, we found that, in @entity1068 -treated @entity35 , the expression of @entity4474 -2 was decreased in all, and that of @entity4474 -4 in all but one, areas investigated (only single label experiments were performed with @entity4474 splice variants). Withdrawing @entity35 revealed a higher expression of @entity4476 ( @entity4476 ) mRNA in GABAergic neurons. No changes could be observed at the regional level. Conversely, @entity4319 mRNA was not substantially altered in cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, but showed a decrease over brain areas. For both, @entity4477 and @entity4475 , no @entity1068 -related changes of mRNA expression were observed. A link between such differential alterations in NR mRNA subunit expression and @entity1068 -induced @entity410 in withdrawing alcoholics of the epsilon-type seems possible.

title: Changes in NMDA receptor subunit gene expression in the @entity35 brain following withdrawal from forced long-term XXXX intake.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Changes in mRNA levels of @entity1024 receptor (NR) subunits were studied in a @entity35 model of withdrawal from forced @entity1068 ingestion over a period of 8 days. In part, this model may reflect the epsilon-type of @entity1 @entity988 according to Jellinek (College University Press, New Haven; 1972). The epsilon-type is characterized by dipsomania over a period of several days, recurring every few months and often followed by @entity1068 -induced @entity410 . @entity410 may be modulated by an increased glutamatergic neurotransmission to excitatory or inhibitory neurons on the basis of a changed gene expression of NR subunits. This hypothesis promoted the present study. Film autoradiograms and emulsion-coated brain sections following labeling of cholinergic and GABAergic neuron populations were evaluated. @entity4474 ( @entity4474 ) expression, studied with a probe recognizing all @entity4474 transcripts, was unchanged after withdrawal from chronic @entity1068 treatment compared to control animals. Using probes specific for different splice segments of @entity4474 , however, we found that, in @entity1068 -treated @entity35 , the expression of @entity4474 -2 was decreased in all, and that of @entity4474 -4 in all but one, areas investigated (only single label experiments were performed with @entity4474 splice variants). Withdrawing @entity35 revealed a higher expression of @entity4476 ( @entity4476 ) mRNA in GABAergic neurons. No changes could be observed at the regional level. Conversely, @entity4319 mRNA was not substantially altered in cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, but showed a decrease over brain areas. For both, @entity4477 and @entity4475 , no @entity1068 -related changes of mRNA expression were observed. A link between such differential alterations in NR mRNA subunit expression and @entity1068 -induced @entity410 in withdrawing alcoholics of the epsilon-type seems possible.

title: Changes in NMDA receptor subunit gene expression in the XXXX brain following withdrawal from forced long-term @entity1068 intake.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic significance of several factors in @entity957 treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil, and A. C. Camargo Hospital, S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : A total of 361 @entity1 treated for @entity957 from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2001. INTERVENTIONS: Radiotherapy alone or with chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease-free survival, overall survival, and treatment response. RESULTS: Most @entity5 were located at the tonsil (46.8%) or base of the tongue (28.0%) and were at clinical stage III or IV (92.8%). Treatment response was associated with Zubrod scale score, @entity353 , number of comorbidities, symptom-severity and Piccirillo stages, hemoglobin level, @entity5 site, macroscopic appearance of the @entity5 , and clinical stage. The 5-year overall survival rate was 17.6% and disease-free survival rate was 16.2%. The significant prognostic variables were age; Zubrod scale score; @entity353 ; comorbidities; Berg, Piccirillo, and symptom-severity staging; involvement of adjacent soft-tissue areas and bone; lymph node mobility; clinical stage; and radiotherapy doses. The multivariate analysis showed Zubrod scale score, symptom-severity staging system, Berg staging system, comorbidities, and radiotherapy dose as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: A combination of clinical factors, such as symptoms, @entity1 ' general status, @entity353 , and comorbidities, leads to a relevant stage of clinical severity that can be associated with the @entity2802 stage as predictors of survival in @entity189 .

title: Analysis of prognostic factors in @entity1 with XXXX treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with systemic chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic significance of several factors in @entity957 treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil, and A. C. Camargo Hospital, S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : A total of 361 @entity1 treated for @entity957 from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2001. INTERVENTIONS: Radiotherapy alone or with chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disease-free survival, overall survival, and treatment response. RESULTS: Most @entity5 were located at the tonsil (46.8%) or base of the tongue (28.0%) and were at clinical stage III or IV (92.8%). Treatment response was associated with Zubrod scale score, @entity353 , number of comorbidities, symptom-severity and Piccirillo stages, hemoglobin level, @entity5 site, macroscopic appearance of the @entity5 , and clinical stage. The 5-year overall survival rate was 17.6% and disease-free survival rate was 16.2%. The significant prognostic variables were age; Zubrod scale score; @entity353 ; comorbidities; Berg, Piccirillo, and symptom-severity staging; involvement of adjacent soft-tissue areas and bone; lymph node mobility; clinical stage; and radiotherapy doses. The multivariate analysis showed Zubrod scale score, symptom-severity staging system, Berg staging system, comorbidities, and radiotherapy dose as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: A combination of clinical factors, such as symptoms, @entity1 ' general status, @entity353 , and comorbidities, leads to a relevant stage of clinical severity that can be associated with the @entity2802 stage as predictors of survival in @entity189 .

title: Analysis of prognostic factors in XXXX with @entity957 treated with radiotherapy alone or in combination with systemic chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There have been a few reports available for determining surgical indications in @entity7057 based on volume of @entity1410 on computerized tomography (CT). The authors then studied the clinical results of @entity7057 , and the surgical indication based on clinical findings and volume of @entity1410 on CT scan was considered. Forty-five @entity1 with @entity7057 diagnosed by CT scan who were hospitalized to Matsue Red Cross Hospital from January 1980 up to December 1986 were studied. The 25 male and 20 female @entity1 ranged in age from 52 to 85 years, and 16 of them were operated on. The results were as follows: 1) The Kanaya's neurological grading tended to be high in the @entity1 with @entity548 or a large volume of @entity1410 (greater than or equal to 30 ml). 2) In @entity1 with grade I or II and a moderate volume of @entity1410 (15-30 ml), the @entity1 complicated with @entity1276 should be treated with ventricular drainage. The @entity1 with grade III and IVa should be treated with surgical therapy (suboccipital craniectomy and evacuation of the @entity1410 ). The @entity1 with @entity548 should be treated with surgical therapy. The @entity1 with a large volume of @entity1410 (greater than or equal to 30 ml) should be treated with surgical therapy. The @entity1 with grade IVb and V should not be treated actively because the prognosis is bad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study of @entity7057 : surgical indication and measurement of volume of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity7057 :: ('MESH:D020299', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar vermis hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: There have been a few reports available for determining surgical indications in @entity7057 based on volume of @entity1410 on computerized tomography (CT). The authors then studied the clinical results of @entity7057 , and the surgical indication based on clinical findings and volume of @entity1410 on CT scan was considered. Forty-five @entity1 with @entity7057 diagnosed by CT scan who were hospitalized to Matsue Red Cross Hospital from January 1980 up to December 1986 were studied. The 25 male and 20 female @entity1 ranged in age from 52 to 85 years, and 16 of them were operated on. The results were as follows: 1) The Kanaya's neurological grading tended to be high in the @entity1 with @entity548 or a large volume of @entity1410 (greater than or equal to 30 ml). 2) In @entity1 with grade I or II and a moderate volume of @entity1410 (15-30 ml), the @entity1 complicated with @entity1276 should be treated with ventricular drainage. The @entity1 with grade III and IVa should be treated with surgical therapy (suboccipital craniectomy and evacuation of the @entity1410 ). The @entity1 with @entity548 should be treated with surgical therapy. The @entity1 with a large volume of @entity1410 (greater than or equal to 30 ml) should be treated with surgical therapy. The @entity1 with grade IVb and V should not be treated actively because the prognosis is bad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical study of XXXX : surgical indication and measurement of volume of @entity1410 ].

answer: @entity7057 :: (MESH:D020299,Disease) :: ['hypertensive cerebellar hemorrhage']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Algorithm development for the automatic finite element modeling of @entity1 vertebra. OBJECTIVE: To present a technique for automatic generation of @entity1 specific @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) models for intraosseous @entity4625 cement flow simulation. The secondary objective is to demonstrate the possibility of using resultant @entity4625 cement distribution for post- @entity12468 stress-strain analyses. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There are no noninvasive methods for the visualization of @entity4625 cement flow. In addition, optimum volume and distribution of @entity4625 cement are still not known. Computational models that allow @entity1 specific intraosseous @entity4625 cement flow visualization as well as postvertebroplasty mechanical evaluation would be advantageous. METHODS: We developed an algorithm coded into a custom platform that inputs @entity1 CT datasets. Hounsfield unit values were used to assign permeability values as well as modulus to the finite element model before analyses. Several user inputs are required, and these reflect the decisions made by physicians that practice vertebroplasty. As a case study, we isolated a single L1 vertebra from @entity1 CT dataset and used our platform for model generation. Simulated vertebroplasty was performed for different @entity4625 cement volumes and at different placements to study the effects of varying distribution. RESULTS: Increased needle injection pressure was observed as the volume of @entity4625 increases and as the distribution of @entity4625 is in close proximity to the cortical walls. @entity15406 also increases with increased volume of @entity4625 administered. Varying distributions, for the same volume, of @entity4625 cement did not alter stiffness drastically. CONCLUSION: Our custom platform and technique for modeling vertebral bodies may contribute significantly to the science of vertebroplasty. Intraosseous @entity4625 cement flow can be visualized before vertebroplasty, and needle position altered for optimization. Also, parametric computational studies on the postvertebroplasty biomechanical effects of vertebroplasty are now enhanced with such a modeling capability.

title: Preliminary study on biomechanics of vertebroplasty: a XXXX and solid mechanics combined approach.

entities_list: @entity15406 :: ('MESH:C566100', 'Disease') :: ['Stiffness of augmented vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['computational fluid dynamics']


abstract: This report elucidates our experiences on @entity5513 surgery, in which auditory function was lost postoperatively, although conservation of hearing had been intended preoperatively. Five ears from four @entity1 (two ears: unilateral, three ears from bilateral @entity5513 ) were operated on via standard retromastoid route, with monitoring of auditory evoked potentials. Abolition of @entity55197 occurred when surgical manipulations were performed within the internal auditory canal. Pulling @entity5 tissue away from the cochlea toward the brain stem has proved to be a hazardous procedure. Recognizing the condition of @entity5 tissue within the internal auditory canal is prerequisite for hearing preservation. For this purpose, MRI is very useful because @entity5 tissue within the internal auditory canal can be clearly visualized. The preoperative criteria in selecting candidates for hearing preservation operations should be more strict because most @entity5513 with a diameter of more than 10mm cannot be resected without causing loss of hearing, and, even in such small @entity5 , the cochlear nerves are infiltrated by @entity5 cells. Most @entity55197 changes during operations seem to be explicable from avulsion of the cochlear nerve fibers and/or the internal auditory artery from the fundus of the internal auditory canal-the tractus spiralis foraminosus. Postoperative recordings of @entity55197 indicated that progression of degeneration of the cochlear nerve fibers occurred after surgery. This phenomenon may explain postoperative delayed @entity393 observed clinically.

title: [Failure to preserve hearing in XXXX surgery: experiences after introduction of MRI].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. OBJECTIVE: To study sex differences in consequences of @entity4512 ( @entity4512 ): limited functioning, work leave or disability, and healthcare use. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4512 is a major public health problem in developed countries due to high prevalence rates and considerable consequences. There are indications that consequences of @entity4512 differ for @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Data of a Dutch population-based study were used, limited to @entity1 25 to 64 years of age (n = 2517). Data were collected by a postal questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1 with any @entity4512 report more healthcare use for @entity4512 , i.e., contact with a medical caregiver and use of medicines than @entity1 , while @entity1 report more @entity717 (ever in life) due to low back @entity158 only, irrespective of work status. None of the sex differences can be explained by age, household composition, educational level, smoking status, overweight, physical activity, and @entity158 catastrophizing. Older age was related to more limited functioning due to @entity4512 ( @entity1 ), @entity717 due to @entity4512 ( @entity1 ), and healthcare use due to @entity4512 ( @entity1 and @entity1 ). A one- @entity1 household was associated with @entity717 ( @entity1 ) and use of medicines ( @entity1 ). Low educational level was associated with limited functioning ( @entity1 ), work leave ( @entity1 ), contact with a medical caregiver ( @entity1 ), and @entity717 ( @entity1 and @entity1 ). Smoking was associated with limited functioning ( @entity1 ), work leave ( @entity1 ), and healthcare use ( @entity1 ). Physical inactivity was associated with limited functioning due to @entity4512 in @entity1 . @entity158 catastrophizing was associated with limited functioning, work leave, and healthcare use ( @entity1 and @entity1 ) and @entity717 ( @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Consequences of @entity4512 show a slightly different pattern for @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 with any MPreport more healthcare use for @entity4512 , while @entity1 report more @entity717 due to low back @entity158 only. These sex differences can not be explained by general risk factors, but associations between these factors and consequences of @entity4512 show some sex differences.

title: Sex differences in consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Among various cases of @entity932 in the newborn caused by @entity99 , posterior fossa subdural @entity1410 is of serious nature in many cases and often results in @entity204 after critical clinical course due to compression of the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata. We have recently experienced two cases of subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa caused by @entity99 , which we successfully treated non-surgically. Herein, we report these two cases and present a sequential CT scan of each. The first case is a full-term (39 weeks gestation) male @entity1 . Delivery was carried out spontaneously with double footling presentation. At 20 hours of age, @entity848 and @entity410 occurred. CT scan was performed and revealed high density areas in the posterior fossa, quadrigeminal cistern and longitudinal cerebral fissure. Bloody CSF was discharged per lumbar puncture and @entity653 was infused intravenously, but the ventricle became enlarged. At this point at 9 days of age, the @entity1 was admitted to our hospital. While he showed poor activity on admission, @entity1410 was absorbed gradually and disappeared at 3 months of age by conservative treatment. Now, at 6 years and 6 months of age, the @entity1 has no @entity51 . The second case is a full-term (40 weeks gestation) twin female @entity1 . Due to breech presentation, delivery was conducted per breech extraction. At three days of age, @entity391 , fontanel bulging and @entity2421 were observed. CT scan revealed @entity1410 similar to that seen in the first case, and @entity134 and @entity653 were infused intravenously. Conservative treatment was performed in this case also, and changes shown by CT scan were almost the same as those seen in the first case. The @entity1 has no @entity51 at 5 years and 7 months of age. Since the introduction of CT scan, early diagnosis of a subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa has been possible. But reports of successful surgical treatment are not so frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Posterior fossa subdural @entity1410 in the newborn caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['birth injury']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['birth injury']


abstract: Among various cases of @entity932 in the newborn caused by @entity99 , posterior fossa subdural @entity1410 is of serious nature in many cases and often results in @entity204 after critical clinical course due to compression of the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata. We have recently experienced two cases of subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa caused by @entity99 , which we successfully treated non-surgically. Herein, we report these two cases and present a sequential CT scan of each. The first case is a full-term (39 weeks gestation) male @entity1 . Delivery was carried out spontaneously with double footling presentation. At 20 hours of age, @entity848 and @entity410 occurred. CT scan was performed and revealed high density areas in the posterior fossa, quadrigeminal cistern and longitudinal cerebral fissure. Bloody CSF was discharged per lumbar puncture and @entity653 was infused intravenously, but the ventricle became enlarged. At this point at 9 days of age, the @entity1 was admitted to our hospital. While he showed poor activity on admission, @entity1410 was absorbed gradually and disappeared at 3 months of age by conservative treatment. Now, at 6 years and 6 months of age, the @entity1 has no @entity51 . The second case is a full-term (40 weeks gestation) twin female @entity1 . Due to breech presentation, delivery was conducted per breech extraction. At three days of age, @entity391 , fontanel bulging and @entity2421 were observed. CT scan revealed @entity1410 similar to that seen in the first case, and @entity134 and @entity653 were infused intravenously. Conservative treatment was performed in this case also, and changes shown by CT scan were almost the same as those seen in the first case. The @entity1 has no @entity51 at 5 years and 7 months of age. Since the introduction of CT scan, early diagnosis of a subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa has been possible. But reports of successful surgical treatment are not so frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Posterior fossa subdural XXXX in the newborn caused by @entity99 ].

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: Multipotential mesenchymal stem cells capable of chondro-osseous induction contribute to the endochondral callus of @entity174 . Microvascular pericytes serving the role of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells are considered osteoprogenitors because they express type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity, osteocalcin immunoreactivity, and bone sialoprotein mRNA. Previous electron microscopic studies indicate that this cell type has a contribution to the @entity174 . Limited data suggest that pericytes may also assume a chondrogenic phenotype. We undertook in vitro studies to understand how the chondro-osseous phenotype of the pericyte might be regulated. Using Northern analysis and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that cultured pericytes produce aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA indicating their chondrogenic potential. Aggrecan message is elevated by @entity1841 as analyzed by both Northern hybridization and RT-PCR. This finding suggests a regulatory role for this morphogen on this phenotype in pericytes. RT-PCR amplified versican product was also associated with pericyte cultures but was not affected by @entity1841 . Our data strongly support a chondrogenic role for the pericyte and that the phenotype is regulated at least in part by @entity6861 .

title: Microvascular pericytes express aggrecan message which is regulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['healing fractured bone', 'fracture callus']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['BMP-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To distinguish prolonged episodes of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) that require cardioversion from self-terminating episodes that do not, an @entity955 ( @entity737 ) must be able to detect @entity955 continuously for extended periods. The @entity737 should discriminate between @entity591 ( @entity591 ), which may be terminated by antitachycardia pacing, and @entity955 , which requires cardioversion. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 80 @entity1 with @entity591 / @entity955 and @entity943 who were treated with a new @entity5748 . During a follow-up period lasting 6+/-2 months, we validated spontaneous, device-defined @entity591 / @entity955 episodes by stored electrograms in all @entity1 . In 58 @entity1 , we performed 80 Holter recordings with telemetered atrial electrograms, both to validate the continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 and to determine the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . Detection was appropriate in 98% of 132 @entity955 episodes and 88% of 190 @entity591 episodes (98% of 128 @entity591 episodes with an atrial cycle length <300 ms). Intermittent sensing of far-field R waves during @entity7129 caused 27 inappropriate @entity591 / @entity955 detections; these detections lasted 2.6+/-2.0 minutes. @entity591 / @entity955 was detected continuously in 27 of 28 @entity1 who had spontaneous episodes of @entity591 / @entity955 (96%). The device memory recorded 90 appropriate @entity591 / @entity955 episodes lasting >1 hour, for a total of 2697 hours of continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . During Holter monitoring, the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 (116 hours) was 100%; the specificity of the detection of non- @entity591 / @entity955 rhythms (1290 hours) was 99.99%. Of 166 appropriate episodes detected as @entity591 , 45% were terminated by antitachycardia pacing. CONCLUSIONS: A new @entity737 detects @entity591 / @entity955 accurately and continuously. Therapy may be programmed for long-duration @entity591 / @entity955 , with a low risk of underdetection. Discrimination of @entity591 from @entity955 permits successful pacing therapy for a significant fraction of @entity591 .

title: Detection of XXXX and flutter by a dual-chamber @entity737 . For the Worldwide Jewel @entity955 Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['atrial/dual-chamber ICD']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia/flutter', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To distinguish prolonged episodes of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) that require cardioversion from self-terminating episodes that do not, an @entity955 ( @entity737 ) must be able to detect @entity955 continuously for extended periods. The @entity737 should discriminate between @entity591 ( @entity591 ), which may be terminated by antitachycardia pacing, and @entity955 , which requires cardioversion. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 80 @entity1 with @entity591 / @entity955 and @entity943 who were treated with a new @entity5748 . During a follow-up period lasting 6+/-2 months, we validated spontaneous, device-defined @entity591 / @entity955 episodes by stored electrograms in all @entity1 . In 58 @entity1 , we performed 80 Holter recordings with telemetered atrial electrograms, both to validate the continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 and to determine the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . Detection was appropriate in 98% of 132 @entity955 episodes and 88% of 190 @entity591 episodes (98% of 128 @entity591 episodes with an atrial cycle length <300 ms). Intermittent sensing of far-field R waves during @entity7129 caused 27 inappropriate @entity591 / @entity955 detections; these detections lasted 2.6+/-2.0 minutes. @entity591 / @entity955 was detected continuously in 27 of 28 @entity1 who had spontaneous episodes of @entity591 / @entity955 (96%). The device memory recorded 90 appropriate @entity591 / @entity955 episodes lasting >1 hour, for a total of 2697 hours of continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . During Holter monitoring, the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 (116 hours) was 100%; the specificity of the detection of non- @entity591 / @entity955 rhythms (1290 hours) was 99.99%. Of 166 appropriate episodes detected as @entity591 , 45% were terminated by antitachycardia pacing. CONCLUSIONS: A new @entity737 detects @entity591 / @entity955 accurately and continuously. Therapy may be programmed for long-duration @entity591 / @entity955 , with a low risk of underdetection. Discrimination of @entity591 from @entity955 permits successful pacing therapy for a significant fraction of @entity591 .

title: Detection of @entity955 and flutter by a dual-chamber @entity737 . For the Worldwide Jewel XXXX Investigators.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['AF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To distinguish prolonged episodes of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) that require cardioversion from self-terminating episodes that do not, an @entity955 ( @entity737 ) must be able to detect @entity955 continuously for extended periods. The @entity737 should discriminate between @entity591 ( @entity591 ), which may be terminated by antitachycardia pacing, and @entity955 , which requires cardioversion. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 80 @entity1 with @entity591 / @entity955 and @entity943 who were treated with a new @entity5748 . During a follow-up period lasting 6+/-2 months, we validated spontaneous, device-defined @entity591 / @entity955 episodes by stored electrograms in all @entity1 . In 58 @entity1 , we performed 80 Holter recordings with telemetered atrial electrograms, both to validate the continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 and to determine the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . Detection was appropriate in 98% of 132 @entity955 episodes and 88% of 190 @entity591 episodes (98% of 128 @entity591 episodes with an atrial cycle length <300 ms). Intermittent sensing of far-field R waves during @entity7129 caused 27 inappropriate @entity591 / @entity955 detections; these detections lasted 2.6+/-2.0 minutes. @entity591 / @entity955 was detected continuously in 27 of 28 @entity1 who had spontaneous episodes of @entity591 / @entity955 (96%). The device memory recorded 90 appropriate @entity591 / @entity955 episodes lasting >1 hour, for a total of 2697 hours of continuous detection of @entity591 / @entity955 . During Holter monitoring, the sensitivity of the detection of @entity591 / @entity955 (116 hours) was 100%; the specificity of the detection of non- @entity591 / @entity955 rhythms (1290 hours) was 99.99%. Of 166 appropriate episodes detected as @entity591 , 45% were terminated by antitachycardia pacing. CONCLUSIONS: A new @entity737 detects @entity591 / @entity955 accurately and continuously. Therapy may be programmed for long-duration @entity591 / @entity955 , with a low risk of underdetection. Discrimination of @entity591 from @entity955 permits successful pacing therapy for a significant fraction of @entity591 .

title: Detection of @entity955 and flutter by a dual-chamber XXXX . For the Worldwide Jewel @entity955 Investigators.

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity8586 -octapeptide receptor (CCK-R) mRNA, and observe the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA expression in ECV-304. METHODS: The @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304 was cultured and treated with LPS in dosage of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L for 2 hours, or treated with LPS in dosage of 1 mg/L for 0.5, 2, 6, 12 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA in ECV-304, and to analyse the sequences of the amplification products. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a dose-dependence manner after incubated with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L LPS for 2 hours (all P<0.05). However, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA showed no significant increase,while that of @entity30247 mRNA was increased, after being incubated with 0.01 mg/L LPS. The expressions of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA in the 10 mg/L LPS group showed no significant difference compared with 1 mg/L LPS group (both P>0.05). The expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a time-dependence manner after incubated with 1 mg/L LPS from 0.5 hour to 2 hours compared with control group (all P<0.05). After incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 hours, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly decreased compared with 2-hour group, but was still higher than that of control group (both P<0.05). Its expression was decreased further after being incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours compared with the 6 hours group (both P<0.05), but showed no significant difference compared with the control group (both P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Both @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA are expressed in ECV-304. LPS can up-regulate the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA.

title: [The expression of XXXX -octapeptide receptor in vascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide].

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hot flashes represent a significant clinical problem for some @entity0 survivors. Safe, effective treatment is needed for this prominent clinical problem. Although it has been shown that @entity172 or @entity1420 replacement therapy can alleviate this problem, there are continued safety concerns regarding the use of hormonal therapies in these @entity1 . Based on anecdotal information, we hypothesized that soy-derived phytoestrogens, weak @entity172 -like substances in the @entity1460 that demonstrate @entity172 agonist and/or antagonist effects when they bind to @entity172 receptors, could alleviate hot flashes. This current trial was designed to investigate this hypothesis. @entity1 AND METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial involved @entity0 survivors with substantial hot flashes. After randomization, @entity1 underwent a 1-week baseline period with no therapy. This was followed by 4 weeks of either soy tablets or placebo. The @entity1 then crossed over to the opposite arm in a double-blind manner for the last 4 weeks. @entity1 completed a daily questionnaire documenting hot flash frequency, intensity, and perceived side effects. RESULTS: Of the 177 @entity1 who were randomized and started the study substance, 155 (88%) provided useable data over the first 5 weeks; 149 provided usable data over the entire 9 weeks. There was no suggestion that the soy product was more effective in reducing hot flashes than the placebo. At study completion, @entity1 preferred the soy product 33% of the time, the placebo 37% of the time, and neither substance 31% of the time. No @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSION: The soy product did not alleviate hot flashes in @entity0 survivors.

title: Evaluation of soy phytoestrogens for the treatment of hot flashes in XXXX survivors: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Trial.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1576 is the major mode of @entity204 after general thoracic operations. However, @entity1576 may develop from two very different mechanisms: @entity1173 , often caused by ileus, and @entity55 , which often results from poor @entity158 control. Epidural catheters help control @entity158 and prevent @entity55 but contribute to ileus and may increase @entity1173 . We report a decrease in the incidence of @entity1173 after changing postoperative care to include gastrointestinal tract management. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing elective thoracotomy by a single surgeon were evaluated for hospital mortality and morbidity. For the first 21 months, @entity1 did not receive an intraoperative nasogastric tube and were prescribed an "advance as tolerated" diet after the operation (n = 125). For the second period, nasogastric tubes were placed intraoperatively and @entity1 received nothing by mouth the day of operation, clear liquids the first day, and a regular diet the second day (n = 153). @entity55 was considered to have developed if infiltrates developed in a single lobe or two adjoining lobes and culture of the sputa grew a dominant organism. @entity1 were considered to have aspirated if diffuse infiltrates developed or cultures grew multiple organisms. Significance of results was determined by chi(2) testing. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity1 underwent elective lung resection over a 3(1/2)-year period, 125 with ad libitum dietary management and 153 with intensive management of the gastrointestinal tract. Six @entity1 (4.84%) aspirated before the institution of gastrointestinal tract management, whereas none (0.0%) aspirated after the change. This difference was significant (P =.01). Respiratory mortality was eliminated in the group with gastrointestinal tract management (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration and its subsequent @entity1576 and mortality can be decreased with preemptive gastrointestinal tract management.

title: Preemptive gastrointestinal tract management reduces @entity1173 and XXXX after thoracic operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1576 is the major mode of @entity204 after general thoracic operations. However, @entity1576 may develop from two very different mechanisms: @entity1173 , often caused by ileus, and @entity55 , which often results from poor @entity158 control. Epidural catheters help control @entity158 and prevent @entity55 but contribute to ileus and may increase @entity1173 . We report a decrease in the incidence of @entity1173 after changing postoperative care to include gastrointestinal tract management. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing elective thoracotomy by a single surgeon were evaluated for hospital mortality and morbidity. For the first 21 months, @entity1 did not receive an intraoperative nasogastric tube and were prescribed an "advance as tolerated" diet after the operation (n = 125). For the second period, nasogastric tubes were placed intraoperatively and @entity1 received nothing by mouth the day of operation, clear liquids the first day, and a regular diet the second day (n = 153). @entity55 was considered to have developed if infiltrates developed in a single lobe or two adjoining lobes and culture of the sputa grew a dominant organism. @entity1 were considered to have aspirated if diffuse infiltrates developed or cultures grew multiple organisms. Significance of results was determined by chi(2) testing. RESULTS: A total of 278 @entity1 underwent elective lung resection over a 3(1/2)-year period, 125 with ad libitum dietary management and 153 with intensive management of the gastrointestinal tract. Six @entity1 (4.84%) aspirated before the institution of gastrointestinal tract management, whereas none (0.0%) aspirated after the change. This difference was significant (P =.01). Respiratory mortality was eliminated in the group with gastrointestinal tract management (P =.04). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration and its subsequent @entity1576 and mortality can be decreased with preemptive gastrointestinal tract management.

title: Preemptive gastrointestinal tract management reduces XXXX and @entity1576 after thoracic operations.

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity3232 and to examine the effects of breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits on dentition in six-year-old @entity1 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out nested into a birth cohort conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 1999. A sample of 359 @entity1 was dentally examined and their mothers interviewed. @entity18521 and posterior cross bite were recorded using the Foster _ Hamilton criteria. Information regarding breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking habits was collected at birth, in the first, third, sixth and 12th months of life, and at six years of age. Control variables included maternal schooling and @entity1 's birthweight, cephalic perimeter, and sex. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity18521 was 46.2%, and that of posterior cross bite was 18.2%. Non-nutritive sucking habits between 12 months and four years of age and digital sucking at age six years were the main risk factors for @entity18521 . Breastfeeding for less than nine months and regular use of pacifier between age 12 months and four years were risk factors for posterior cross bite. Interaction between duration of breastfeeding and the use of pacifier was identified for posterior cross bite. CONCLUSIONS: Given that breastfeeding is a protective factor for other diseases of infancy, our findings indicate that the common risks approach is the most appropriate for the prevention of posterior cross bite in primary or initial mixed dentition.

title: Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on XXXX in a birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity18521 :: ('MESH:D024343', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior open bite', 'anterior open bite']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity3232 :: (MESH:D008310,Disease) :: ['malocclusion']


abstract: A simple and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the determination of @entity29886 ( @entity21443 ) in plasma. Sample preparations were carried out by adding @entity1391 buffer (pH 7.4, 0.1 M), followed by extraction with @entity3636 . @entity21443 and the internal standard, @entity12303 (SAR), were separated on a reversed-phase column, and eluted with aqueous solution- @entity1626 (80:20 v/v). The fluorescence of the column effluent was monitored at lambda(ex) = 338 and lambda(em) = 425 nm. The retention times were 2.80 and 4. 40 min for @entity21443 and SAR, respectively. The method was shown to be linear from 1 to 1500 ng/mL (r(2) = 0.999). The detection and quantitation limit were 1 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. Mean recovery was determined as 80% by the analysis of plasma standards containing 150, 750 and 1500 ng/mL. Inter- and intra-assay precisions were 4.0% and 2.4%, respectively.

title: Development of a method for the determination of XXXX in plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection.

entities_list: @entity29886 :: ('MESH:C068581', 'Chemical') :: ['danofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity12303 :: ('MESH:C047224', 'Chemical') :: ['sarafloxacin']

answer: @entity29886 :: (MESH:C068581,Chemical) :: ['danofloxacin']


abstract: In @entity1 beings, inhibitory jaw reflexes can be depressed by @entity158 stimulation of remote parts of the body. Since similar effects can be produced by the stress of anticipating @entity158 , we wished to investigate whether the effects of remote @entity158 stimuli are dependent on stress. EMG recordings were made from a masseter muscle while subjects maintained activity in the muscle at approximately 12.5% of maximum using visual feedback. The protocols involved three sequences: (1) "standard controls" in which reflexes were evoked by electrical test stimuli applied to the upper @entity38574 ; (2) "standard conditioning" in which @entity158 electrical conditioning stimuli were applied over the sural nerve 100 ms before the test stimuli; (3) "random sequences" in which test-only and conditioning-test combinations were employed in a double-blind, random, order. Data are presented as means +/- SEMs. In the standard controls, the stimuli evoked clear inhibitory reflexes (latency 37 +/- 1.3 ms, duration 62 +/- 5.6 ms; n = 10) in all the subjects. During standard conditioning, the reflex magnitude was reduced significantly (by 50.0 +/- 8.5%, P = 0.0002, one-sample t-test). When the test-only and conditioning-test responses were extracted from the random sequences, there was also a significant reduction in the reflex magnitude following conditioning (by 34.6 +/- 5.5%, P = 0.0002, one-sample t-test) albeit less so than between the standard sequences (P = 0.03, paired t-test). A second series of experiments suggested that these lesser effects during the random sequences were not substantially due to any loss of temporal summation of the conditioning mechanisms. The evidence for this was that application of pairs of conditioning stimuli did not produce a significantly greater effect than single conditioning stimuli within a random sequence (39.9 +/- 9.6% as opposed to 32.7 +/- 9.1% reductions in the reflex, P = 0.117, paired t-test). Therefore since any stress in the random sequences would not have been "tied" to the conditioned responses alone, the effects of remote @entity158 stimuli on this inhibitory jaw reflex cannot be entirely secondary to stress.

title: Dissociation of nociceptive modulation of a XXXX jaw reflex from the influence of stress.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the long-term outcomes of @entity1278 treated with leukotomy and specialized psychotherapy over 20 years ago. METHOD: All traceable subjects were interviewed using the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) and the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). They also completed questionnaires. Detailed histories were taken. RESULTS: Four of five female subjects were traced. Their cases had been severe, with failure of previous intensive psychotherapy and now with high risk of death from terminal inanition. One @entity1 had committed suicide, whereas the others enjoyed a reasonable quality of life. Persistent core psychopathology was evident, but @entity1 had not succumbed to weight loss. All suffered @entity308 and @entity148 , but endorsed their treatment, which had allowed sustained @entity1017 by release of appetitive behavior, provision of a license to change, and alleviation of @entity148 , allowing psychotherapeutic engagement. DISCUSSION: We argue that these outcomes are relatively favorable and would not have been possible without this latter engagement in specialist psychotherapy to address burgeoning panic at unavoidable @entity1017 .

title: Use of leucotomy for XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['intractable anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related disorders', 'phobic anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R', 'SCID']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['intractable anorexia nervosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous postoperative @entity2903 radiochemotherapy in @entity463 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From February 2002 to July 2004, n = 65 @entity1 from 11 German centers with macroscopic complete @entity5 resection were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy alone (RT, n = 35) or postoperative radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity2903 (RT + @entity2904 , n = 30). @entity1 were stratified according to age (< or =/>50 years) and WHO performance score (0-1 vs. 2). RT consisted of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. In the RT + @entity2904 arm, oral @entity2904 was administered daily at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) including weekends (40-42 doses). Adjuvant treatment was not given, but in both arms, @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 and in good condition (WHO 0-2) were scheduled for salvage chemotherapy with @entity2904 . RESULTS: The trial was stopped early due to the results of EORTC-study 26981-22981 that showed a survival benefit for the combination of concomitant and adjuvant @entity2904 compared to radiotherapy alone. In total, 62/65 @entity1 were evaluable. Stratification variables were well balanced (< or = 50 years 26% vs. 20%, WHO 0-1 91% vs. 100%). Neither overall survival (median 17 vs. 15 months) nor progression-free survival (median 7 vs. 6 months) differed significantly between the two arms. In the RT (RT + @entity2904 ) arm, 76% (62%) of the progressing @entity1 received salvage chemotherapy with @entity2904 , 36% (50%) had a second resection. There was a time-constant trend for increased general quality of life (EORTC questionnaire QLQ C30) and brain-specific quality of life (EORTC questionnaire B20) in the combined arm. Lymphopenia G3-4 was more frequent (33 vs. 6%) in the RT + @entity2904 arm. CONCLUSION: After early closure of this trial, a benefit for progression-free survival for simultaneous @entity2904 radiochemotherapy alone could not be demonstrated. In both arms, salvage therapies were frequently used and probably had a major effect on overall survival.

title: Randomized study of postoperative radiotherapy and simultaneous @entity2903 without adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous postoperative @entity2903 radiochemotherapy in @entity463 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From February 2002 to July 2004, n = 65 @entity1 from 11 German centers with macroscopic complete @entity5 resection were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy alone (RT, n = 35) or postoperative radiotherapy with simultaneous @entity2903 (RT + @entity2904 , n = 30). @entity1 were stratified according to age (< or =/>50 years) and WHO performance score (0-1 vs. 2). RT consisted of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. In the RT + @entity2904 arm, oral @entity2904 was administered daily at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) including weekends (40-42 doses). Adjuvant treatment was not given, but in both arms, @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 and in good condition (WHO 0-2) were scheduled for salvage chemotherapy with @entity2904 . RESULTS: The trial was stopped early due to the results of EORTC-study 26981-22981 that showed a survival benefit for the combination of concomitant and adjuvant @entity2904 compared to radiotherapy alone. In total, 62/65 @entity1 were evaluable. Stratification variables were well balanced (< or = 50 years 26% vs. 20%, WHO 0-1 91% vs. 100%). Neither overall survival (median 17 vs. 15 months) nor progression-free survival (median 7 vs. 6 months) differed significantly between the two arms. In the RT (RT + @entity2904 ) arm, 76% (62%) of the progressing @entity1 received salvage chemotherapy with @entity2904 , 36% (50%) had a second resection. There was a time-constant trend for increased general quality of life (EORTC questionnaire QLQ C30) and brain-specific quality of life (EORTC questionnaire B20) in the combined arm. Lymphopenia G3-4 was more frequent (33 vs. 6%) in the RT + @entity2904 arm. CONCLUSION: After early closure of this trial, a benefit for progression-free survival for simultaneous @entity2904 radiochemotherapy alone could not be demonstrated. In both arms, salvage therapies were frequently used and probably had a major effect on overall survival.

title: Randomized study of postoperative radiotherapy and simultaneous XXXX without adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity463 .

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the structure and the organization of the single Italian programme specifically targeted at the early detection of and interventions for subjects at onset of or at high risk of @entity716 , Programma 2000. METHODS: Programma 2000 is a comprehensive multi-modal protocol of early intervention in @entity716 , set up in Milan in 1999. The service has been very active since its opening, and at the time of writing (spring (April) 2008), more than 300 young @entity1 have been evaluated through a detailed protocol that embraces Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Cognitive Behavioural Assessment 2.0, Disability Assessment Schedule, Camberwell Family Interview, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Early Recognition Inventory Retrospective Assessment of Symptoms. The treatment includes psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), both structured and unstructured psychosocial interventions and pharmacotherapy, when necessary. RESULTS: The programme focuses on young @entity1 aged 17-30 years: to date, a total of 132 subjects with definite @entity716 or within the high-risk category have been enrolled in treatment after assessment. @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 were, on average and expectedly, more severe than those in the at-risk group, and were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic drugs. A large majority of @entity1 in both groups received tailored CBT; individual sessions of skills training were provided to two-thirds of @entity1 . In both groups, improvement was found in both the BPRS and HoNOS, and in the level of global functioning as assessed on Global Assessment of Functioning at 6 month and 1 year follow up. Global functioning was more sensitive to change than symptom severity, reflecting the intensive and personalized efforts to improve social and role functioning in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Programma 2000 is still in development but it has already gained the support of therapists and other relevant @entity1 involved in the life of subjects at onset, or at high risk of @entity716 .

title: Programma 2000: celebrating 10 years of activity of an Italian pilot programme on early intervention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have been used for the treatment of clinically aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). However, the superiority of specific conditioning regimens has not yet been established. The present study evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of a conditioning regimen involving fractionated @entity348 ( @entity348 ), and the use of @entity2592 and melphalan (TAM) for clinically aggressive @entity1893 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2002 and December 2004, 31 @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 received fractionated @entity348 with a dose of 12 Gy over 3 days, and were administered 9 g/m(2) @entity2592 and 100 mg/m(2) melphalan followed by autologous peripheral blood stem Cell Transplantation at the Catholic Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantation Center Korea. @entity1 that responded to first line chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR), or were in a first sensitive relapse were defined as having @entity1442 , while the other @entity1 were defined as having more advanced disease. RESULTS: Objective responses were obtained in 24 of 31 @entity1 (77.4%), comprising complete remission in 19 @entity1 (61.3%) and partial remission in 5 (16.1%) @entity1 . The median follow-up time was 28 months (range 1 approximately 62 months). At 3 years, the overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 62.3% and 47.3%, respectively. @entity1 with @entity1442 and more advanced disease showed 3-year EFS rates of 73.3% and 22.5 %, respectively (p=0.006). Early (within the first 100 days) treatment-related mortality occurred in 3 (9.7%) @entity1 . Of the 31 total @entity1 , 15 (48.4%) developed grade 3 @entity33 , 22 (70.9%) developed @entity221 , and two (6.5%) developed @entity401 >grade 3. CONCLUSION: The modified TAM conditioning regimen and ASCT appear to be a feasible treatment regimen for clinically aggressive @entity1893 , particularly for @entity1 with @entity1442 .

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation using a modified TAM conditioning regimen for clinically aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['High-dose chemotherapy', 'HDT']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity42201 ( @entity42201 ) is the sole member of C chemokines which attracts T cells and NK cells specially. @entity42201 gene was transferred in vivo to improve the antitumor efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase (CD) gene therapy. Upregulation of @entity8271 and @entity8024 on @entity19 CT26 @entity694 cells was observed after combined transfection with adenovirus encoding CD (AdCD) and adenovirus encoding @entity19 @entity42201 (AdLtn) followed by administration of @entity4895 (5FC) in vitro. AdCD/5FC treatment also increased the expression of @entity1309 and induced obvious apoptosis of CT26 cells. After combined treatment with AdLtn and AdCD/5FC, the pre-established @entity19 model with subcutaneous CT26 @entity694 exhibited most significant @entity5 growth inhibition, and four of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 were @entity5 free, while @entity5 in other @entity19 grew more progressively. Examination of lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine gene expression in @entity5 tissue revealed that @entity5 from AdLtn/AdCD/5FC-or AdLtn-treated @entity19 were heavily infiltrated with CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and @entity2047 and @entity60 mRNA expression were present in parallel with T cell and NK cell infiltration. Splenic NK and CTL activities increased significantly after the combination therapy. In vivo depletion analysis showed that NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+T cells participated in the antitumor effect of the host with CD8+T cells being the main T cell subset responsible for the enhanced antitumor immune response. These findings suggested that increased immunogenicity and induction of apoptosis of the @entity5 cells, and efficient induction of local and systemic antitumor immunity of the host might contribute to the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined @entity42201 and CD suicide therapy. Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 329-338.

title: Adenovirus-mediated @entity42201 gene transfer improves therapeutic efficacy of @entity5538 deaminase suicide gene therapy in established @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'eight tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']