abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the malignant potential of @entity355 , an aim of treatment is to cause the columnar epithelium to regress. A logical approach is to decrease acid reflux which is an important aetiological factor in @entity355 . Treatment with @entity4546 20-80 mg over 1-3 years has yielded conflicting but largely disappointing results. AIM: To determine if treatment of @entity355 with @entity4546 20 mg daily for up to 6 years can cause regression of the Barrett's epithelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity355 were treated in an open prospective study. Nine @entity1 were treated for 2 years, 12 for 3 years, 10 for 4 years, eight for 5 years and eight for 6 years. @entity1 were endoscoped at 1-2-year intervals and endoscoped at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: No significant shortening of the length of the Barrett's segment was seen during any treatment period, although @entity4546 controlled reflux symptoms and was well tolerated. Macroscopic squamous islands appeared in 55% of @entity1 , mostly in the first 2-3 years although in five @entity1 they appeared later in treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity355 with @entity4546 20 mg daily for periods of up to 6 years did not cause regression in the length of the Barrett's segment, but it did lead in over half of the @entity1 to partial re-epithelialization in the form of squamous islands.

title: Continuous treatment with @entity4546 20 mg daily for up to 6 years in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the malignant potential of @entity355 , an aim of treatment is to cause the columnar epithelium to regress. A logical approach is to decrease acid reflux which is an important aetiological factor in @entity355 . Treatment with @entity4546 20-80 mg over 1-3 years has yielded conflicting but largely disappointing results. AIM: To determine if treatment of @entity355 with @entity4546 20 mg daily for up to 6 years can cause regression of the Barrett's epithelium. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity355 were treated in an open prospective study. Nine @entity1 were treated for 2 years, 12 for 3 years, 10 for 4 years, eight for 5 years and eight for 6 years. @entity1 were endoscoped at 1-2-year intervals and endoscoped at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: No significant shortening of the length of the Barrett's segment was seen during any treatment period, although @entity4546 controlled reflux symptoms and was well tolerated. Macroscopic squamous islands appeared in 55% of @entity1 , mostly in the first 2-3 years although in five @entity1 they appeared later in treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity355 with @entity4546 20 mg daily for periods of up to 6 years did not cause regression in the length of the Barrett's segment, but it did lead in over half of the @entity1 to partial re-epithelialization in the form of squamous islands.

title: Continuous treatment with XXXX 20 mg daily for up to 6 years in @entity355 .

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is characterized by an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response (ESIR). Several recent studies by our group and others have demonstrated up-regulation of @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) in trophoblast, placenta and leukocytes in @entity1468 but the exact role of @entity2939 in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the expression levels of endogenous ligands of @entity2939 in plasma and placentas from @entity1 with @entity1468 vs normotensive pregnant @entity1 (NP), and to compare the inflammatory cytokine expression profiles of monocytes from @entity1 with @entity1468 to NP, in order to identify which of these endogenous ligands of @entity2939 may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 for further study. METHODS: We recruited 16 @entity1468 (gestational age=33.6  3.0weeks), 10 normal pregnant (gestational age=31.6  3.8weeks) and 10 non-pregnant @entity1 . Plasma levels of endogenous @entity2939 ligands-heparan @entity597 , hyaluronan, fibronectin, @entity2002 and @entity518 ( @entity518 )-were measured by ELISA. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, cultured and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; @entity2939 bacterial ligand) and endogenous @entity2939 ligands, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in supernatant medium by cytometric array. Placental tissue from @entity1468 and NP were investigated for the different endogenous ligands by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity31847 and fibronectin did not differ between study groups, but @entity518 was higher in @entity1468 (P<0.05) whilst @entity2002 was significantly lower in @entity1468 compared to NP (P<0.05). Stimulation of @entity1468 monocytes with LPS resulted in profound secretion of various cytokines: @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity688 , in comparison with NP. Moreover, exposure to @entity2002 , but not to other endogenous @entity2939 ligands, was also associated with significantly increased production of inflammatory cytokines in @entity1468 compared to NP. Also, we observed altered distribution levels of studied endogenous ligands in the placenta from @entity1468 vs NP. CONCLUSION: Our findings of increased inflammatory cytokine expression levels in @entity1468 in response to LPS are consistent with upregulation of @entity2939 in @entity1468 . A similar response induced by @entity2002 suggests an important role for this endogenous ligand of @entity2939 in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 . Whether our observation of decreased plasma levels of @entity2002 in @entity1468 is linked to this observation, or represents increased fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis associated with the @entity1003 seen in this condition, is unclear.

title: OS006. Functional expression of endogenous ligands of XXXX on monocytes and placentae from @entity1 during normal pregnancy andpre-eclampsia.

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['High mobility group box-1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity31847 :: ('MESH:D006497', 'Chemical') :: ['heparan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['TLR4', 'Toll like receptor 4']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['Toll like receptor4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is characterized by an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response (ESIR). Several recent studies by our group and others have demonstrated up-regulation of @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) in trophoblast, placenta and leukocytes in @entity1468 but the exact role of @entity2939 in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the expression levels of endogenous ligands of @entity2939 in plasma and placentas from @entity1 with @entity1468 vs normotensive pregnant @entity1 (NP), and to compare the inflammatory cytokine expression profiles of monocytes from @entity1 with @entity1468 to NP, in order to identify which of these endogenous ligands of @entity2939 may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 for further study. METHODS: We recruited 16 @entity1468 (gestational age=33.6  3.0weeks), 10 normal pregnant (gestational age=31.6  3.8weeks) and 10 non-pregnant @entity1 . Plasma levels of endogenous @entity2939 ligands-heparan @entity597 , hyaluronan, fibronectin, @entity2002 and @entity518 ( @entity518 )-were measured by ELISA. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, cultured and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; @entity2939 bacterial ligand) and endogenous @entity2939 ligands, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in supernatant medium by cytometric array. Placental tissue from @entity1468 and NP were investigated for the different endogenous ligands by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity31847 and fibronectin did not differ between study groups, but @entity518 was higher in @entity1468 (P<0.05) whilst @entity2002 was significantly lower in @entity1468 compared to NP (P<0.05). Stimulation of @entity1468 monocytes with LPS resulted in profound secretion of various cytokines: @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity688 , in comparison with NP. Moreover, exposure to @entity2002 , but not to other endogenous @entity2939 ligands, was also associated with significantly increased production of inflammatory cytokines in @entity1468 compared to NP. Also, we observed altered distribution levels of studied endogenous ligands in the placenta from @entity1468 vs NP. CONCLUSION: Our findings of increased inflammatory cytokine expression levels in @entity1468 in response to LPS are consistent with upregulation of @entity2939 in @entity1468 . A similar response induced by @entity2002 suggests an important role for this endogenous ligand of @entity2939 in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 . Whether our observation of decreased plasma levels of @entity2002 in @entity1468 is linked to this observation, or represents increased fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis associated with the @entity1003 seen in this condition, is unclear.

title: OS006. Functional expression of endogenous ligands of @entity2939 on monocytes and placentae from XXXX during normal pregnancy andpre-eclampsia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of @entity7160 and could influence the severity of @entity99 evaluated by the @entity1 -Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity82 , with negative @entity97 , @entity3531 serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of @entity2204 was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic @entity1 with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic @entity1 with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for @entity1 -Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity2204 was not associated with the development of @entity7160 . However @entity1 with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

title: [Influence of XXXX polymorphism in @entity7160 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of @entity7160 and could influence the severity of @entity99 evaluated by the @entity1 -Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic @entity1 with a histological diagnosis of @entity82 , with negative @entity97 , @entity3531 serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of @entity2204 was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic @entity1 with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic @entity1 with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for @entity1 -Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity2204 was not associated with the development of @entity7160 . However @entity1 with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

title: [Influence of @entity2204 polymorphism in XXXX ].

answer: @entity7160 :: (MESH:D008104,Disease) :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity137 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 treated with concurrent @entity136 -based chemoradiation. @entity1 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity420 were treated with concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity1 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity136 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity5 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity137 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity136 or @entity137 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity204 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity1 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity3 rate was 52%. @entity5 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity1 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity1 suffered severe acute @entity137 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity1 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity1 with localized @entity788 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity136 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity1 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity137 encountered in most @entity1 . Locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: @entity137 and efficacy of concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity137 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 treated with concurrent @entity136 -based chemoradiation. @entity1 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity420 were treated with concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity1 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity136 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity5 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity137 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity136 or @entity137 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity204 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity1 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity3 rate was 52%. @entity5 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity1 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity1 suffered severe acute @entity137 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity1 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity1 with localized @entity788 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity136 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity1 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity137 encountered in most @entity1 . Locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: XXXX and efficacy of concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity136 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity137 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 treated with concurrent @entity136 -based chemoradiation. @entity1 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity1 with locally advanced unresectable @entity420 were treated with concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity1 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity136 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity5 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity137 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity136 or @entity137 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity204 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity1 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity3 rate was 52%. @entity5 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity1 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity1 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity1 suffered severe acute @entity137 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity1 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity136 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity1 with localized @entity788 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity136 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity1 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity137 encountered in most @entity1 . Locally advanced @entity788 @entity1 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: @entity137 and efficacy of concurrent XXXX and radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity5 is uncommon in @entity30 but the risk of developing such a @entity5 is increased. @entity9993 plastica of the small bowel or colon is very rare. We report a case of @entity9993 which occurred 21 years after an ileocecal resection for @entity30 . @entity1744 in relation with stricture of the preanastomotic loop prompted us to suspect disease recurrence. The @entity5 was not diagnosed either on preoperative work-up, or during surgery but only on the histological examination of the resected specimen. Palliative chemotherapy with 5 FU and @entity4181 was performed. The @entity1 was asymptomatic after a 17-month follow-up. This observation focuses on the clinical signs and @entity9993 . It also illustrates the difficulty of @entity5 diagnosis in @entity30 . Malignant transformation must be suspected if signs of @entity66 re-occur after a lengthy quiescent period.

title: [Ileocolic linitis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Partial small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9993 :: ('MESH:D008039', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolonic linitis plastica', 'Linitis', 'course of linitis plastica']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 by @entity7458 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity1 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity530 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity1834 with or without deep @entity546 and @entity2371 . @entity7458 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity53 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity1 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity2588 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity53 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity1 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity2588 . There was significant @entity604 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7458 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: @entity7458 implants in the treatment of @entity158 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin acetate', 'Buserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 by @entity7458 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity1 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity530 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity1834 with or without deep @entity546 and @entity2371 . @entity7458 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity53 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity1 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity2588 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity53 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity1 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity2588 . There was significant @entity604 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7458 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: @entity7458 implants in the treatment of XXXX in @entity46 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 by @entity7458 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity1 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity530 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity1834 with or without deep @entity546 and @entity2371 . @entity7458 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity53 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity1 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity2588 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity53 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity1 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity2588 . There was significant @entity604 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7458 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: XXXX implants in the treatment of @entity158 in @entity46 .

answer: @entity7458 :: (MESH:D002064,Chemical) :: ['Buserelin acetate']


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity2494 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity35 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity35 received powdered @entity35 chow with or without 0.2% @entity2494 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity3081 ( @entity3081 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity3081 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity3081 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity3081 IgA titers between @entity3081 -immunized animals fed @entity2494 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity2494 . Both @entity2494 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity35 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity3081 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity2494 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity2494 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity3081 in either young adult or aging @entity35 .

title: Effect of XXXX ( @entity2494 ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['CTx', 'cholera toxin']

answer: @entity2494 :: (MESH:D003687,Chemical) :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity2494 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity35 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity35 received powdered @entity35 chow with or without 0.2% @entity2494 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity3081 ( @entity3081 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity3081 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity3081 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity3081 IgA titers between @entity3081 -immunized animals fed @entity2494 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity2494 . Both @entity2494 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity35 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity3081 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity2494 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity2494 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity3081 in either young adult or aging @entity35 .

title: Effect of @entity2494 ( XXXX ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging @entity35 .

answer: @entity2494 :: (MESH:D003687,Chemical) :: ['DHEA']


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity2494 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity35 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity35 received powdered @entity35 chow with or without 0.2% @entity2494 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity3081 ( @entity3081 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity3081 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity3081 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity3081 IgA titers between @entity3081 -immunized animals fed @entity2494 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity2494 . Both @entity2494 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity35 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity3081 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity2494 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity2494 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity3081 in either young adult or aging @entity35 .

title: Effect of @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home hospital is advocated in many western countries in spite of limited evidence of its economic advantage over usual hospital care. @entity712 and @entity497 are two medical conditions which are frequently targeted by home hospital programs. While recent trials were devoted to comparisons of safety and costs, the acceptance of home hospital for @entity1 with these conditions remains poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To document the medical eligibility and final transfer decision to home hospital for @entity1 hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of @entity712 or @entity497 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study of @entity1 admitted to the medical ward of acute care hospitals, up to the final decision concerning their transfer. SETTING: Medical departments of one university hospital and two regional teaching Swiss hospitals. @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted over a 9 month period to the three settings with a primary diagnosis of @entity712 (n= 301) or @entity55 (n=441). MEASUREMENTS: Presence of permanent exclusion criteria on admission; final decision of (in)eligibility based on medical criteria; final decision regarding the transfer, taking into account the opinions of the family physician, the @entity1 and informal caregivers. RESULTS: While 27.9% of @entity712 and 37.6% of @entity55 @entity1 were considered to be eligible from a medical point of view, the program acceptance by family physicians, @entity1 and informal caregivers was low and a transfer to home hospital was ultimately chosen for just 3.8% of @entity712 and 9.6% of @entity55 @entity1 . There were no major differences between the three settings. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of these two conditions, the potential economic advantage of home hospital over usual inpatient care is compromised by the low proportion of @entity1 ultimately transferred.

title: XXXX and @entity497 : cases for home hospital?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home hospital is advocated in many western countries in spite of limited evidence of its economic advantage over usual hospital care. @entity712 and @entity497 are two medical conditions which are frequently targeted by home hospital programs. While recent trials were devoted to comparisons of safety and costs, the acceptance of home hospital for @entity1 with these conditions remains poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To document the medical eligibility and final transfer decision to home hospital for @entity1 hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of @entity712 or @entity497 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study of @entity1 admitted to the medical ward of acute care hospitals, up to the final decision concerning their transfer. SETTING: Medical departments of one university hospital and two regional teaching Swiss hospitals. @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted over a 9 month period to the three settings with a primary diagnosis of @entity712 (n= 301) or @entity55 (n=441). MEASUREMENTS: Presence of permanent exclusion criteria on admission; final decision of (in)eligibility based on medical criteria; final decision regarding the transfer, taking into account the opinions of the family physician, the @entity1 and informal caregivers. RESULTS: While 27.9% of @entity712 and 37.6% of @entity55 @entity1 were considered to be eligible from a medical point of view, the program acceptance by family physicians, @entity1 and informal caregivers was low and a transfer to home hospital was ultimately chosen for just 3.8% of @entity712 and 9.6% of @entity55 @entity1 . There were no major differences between the three settings. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of these two conditions, the potential economic advantage of home hospital over usual inpatient care is compromised by the low proportion of @entity1 ultimately transferred.

title: @entity712 and XXXX : cases for home hospital?

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: @entity565 at night is characterized by a nocturnal increase in @entity1224 . It has been hypothesized that nocturnal @entity565 results from an increase in airway wall @entity32 at night. However, studies on inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial biopsies have produced conflicting data. This study assessed inflammatory cell numbers at 16:00 h and 04:00 h in bronchial biopsies of 13 healthy controls, 15 @entity748 @entity1 with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation < or =15% and 10 @entity748 @entity1 with PEF variation >15%. There was no significant increase at night in the number of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2902 , AAI (tryptase) and EG2-immunopositive cells in the submucosa in both groups. Numbers of EG2-positive cells in the two @entity748 groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls, both at 16:00 h (p<0.05) and 04:00 h (p<0.01). The number of EG2, @entity404 and @entity2902 -positive cells at 04:00 and 16:00 h tended to be higher in asthmatics with a PEF variation >15% than in asthmatics with PEF variation < or =15%. At 04:00 h the median numbers of EG2-positive cells (per mm basement membrane) in subjects with PEF variation >15% and < or =15% were 6 and 3 cells, respectively, and at 16:00 h 4 and 25 cells respectively. Increased nocturnal @entity1224 is not associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchial submucosa at night. Apparently, @entity748 @entity1 with a peak expiratory flow variation >15% suffer from a higher overall severity of @entity32 at night and during the day.

title: Increased peak expiratory flow variation in @entity565 : severe persistent increase but not nocturnal worsening of airway XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity565 at night is characterized by a nocturnal increase in @entity1224 . It has been hypothesized that nocturnal @entity565 results from an increase in airway wall @entity32 at night. However, studies on inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and bronchial biopsies have produced conflicting data. This study assessed inflammatory cell numbers at 16:00 h and 04:00 h in bronchial biopsies of 13 healthy controls, 15 @entity748 @entity1 with peak expiratory flow (PEF) variation < or =15% and 10 @entity748 @entity1 with PEF variation >15%. There was no significant increase at night in the number of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2902 , AAI (tryptase) and EG2-immunopositive cells in the submucosa in both groups. Numbers of EG2-positive cells in the two @entity748 groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls, both at 16:00 h (p<0.05) and 04:00 h (p<0.01). The number of EG2, @entity404 and @entity2902 -positive cells at 04:00 and 16:00 h tended to be higher in asthmatics with a PEF variation >15% than in asthmatics with PEF variation < or =15%. At 04:00 h the median numbers of EG2-positive cells (per mm basement membrane) in subjects with PEF variation >15% and < or =15% were 6 and 3 cells, respectively, and at 16:00 h 4 and 25 cells respectively. Increased nocturnal @entity1224 is not associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the bronchial submucosa at night. Apparently, @entity748 @entity1 with a peak expiratory flow variation >15% suffer from a higher overall severity of @entity32 at night and during the day.

title: Increased peak expiratory flow variation in XXXX : severe persistent increase but not nocturnal worsening of airway @entity32 .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the effect of local @entity221 on the systemic absorption of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell @entity150 , and to establish the likely safety of this procedure. METHODS: Group 1 (n = 12) received 20 mg intravesical @entity1139 plus local @entity221 , group 2 (n = 13) 20 mg @entity1139 alone, group 3 (n = 16) 40 mg @entity1139 plus local @entity221 and group 4 (n = 10) 40 mg @entity1139 alone. @entity1 in groups 1, 2, and 4 underwent post- @entity5 resection adjuvant treatment, whereas those in group 3 still had @entity5 present and were treated to eradicate it. Intravesical instillation lasted 60 min, with the solution (50 ml) being replaced after the first 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, and every 15 min during instillation. @entity1139 concentrations in plasma and in urine were determined by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: The highest @entity1139 plasma concentration (67.9 ng ml(-1)) occurred in a @entity1 in group 3. This value was well below the threshold concentration (400 ng ml-1) for myelosuppression. Local @entity221 associated with the intravesical chemotherapy enhanced plasma @entity1139 concentrations at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with chemotherapy alone (Group 1 vs 2, P < or = 0.008). Systemic exposure to @entity1139 was not significantly increased by doubling the intravesical dose when intravesical chemotherapy alone was administered. @entity1 in group 3 displayed the highest degree of @entity1139 absorption and the greatest variability in pharmacokinetics between @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Local @entity221 enhances the systemic absorption of @entity1139 during intravesical chemotherapy for @entity150 . In the doses used, plasma @entity1139 concentrations were always more than six times lower than those shown to cause @entity137 .

title: Effect of local @entity221 of the bladder on XXXX pharmacokinetics during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the effect of local @entity221 on the systemic absorption of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell @entity150 , and to establish the likely safety of this procedure. METHODS: Group 1 (n = 12) received 20 mg intravesical @entity1139 plus local @entity221 , group 2 (n = 13) 20 mg @entity1139 alone, group 3 (n = 16) 40 mg @entity1139 plus local @entity221 and group 4 (n = 10) 40 mg @entity1139 alone. @entity1 in groups 1, 2, and 4 underwent post- @entity5 resection adjuvant treatment, whereas those in group 3 still had @entity5 present and were treated to eradicate it. Intravesical instillation lasted 60 min, with the solution (50 ml) being replaced after the first 30 min. Blood samples were taken before, and every 15 min during instillation. @entity1139 concentrations in plasma and in urine were determined by h.p.l.c. RESULTS: The highest @entity1139 plasma concentration (67.9 ng ml(-1)) occurred in a @entity1 in group 3. This value was well below the threshold concentration (400 ng ml-1) for myelosuppression. Local @entity221 associated with the intravesical chemotherapy enhanced plasma @entity1139 concentrations at 30, 45 and 60 min compared with chemotherapy alone (Group 1 vs 2, P < or = 0.008). Systemic exposure to @entity1139 was not significantly increased by doubling the intravesical dose when intravesical chemotherapy alone was administered. @entity1 in group 3 displayed the highest degree of @entity1139 absorption and the greatest variability in pharmacokinetics between @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Local @entity221 enhances the systemic absorption of @entity1139 during intravesical chemotherapy for @entity150 . In the doses used, plasma @entity1139 concentrations were always more than six times lower than those shown to cause @entity137 .

title: Effect of local XXXX of the bladder on @entity1138 pharmacokinetics during intravesical chemotherapy for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stage I (T1-2NOM0) @entity420 is associated with a 5-year survival rate of 15-25%. Despite apparently curative resection and pathologic staging indicating localized disease, these @entity5 recur. The authors hypothesized that there exists microscopic regional disease that is not detected by surgical exploration or routine histopathology. METHODS: Because 90-95% of @entity788 exhibit codon 12 @entity984 mutations, the authors examined regional lymph nodes for mutated @entity984 as a marker of @entity3 . DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded archival specimens (primary @entity5 and histologically negative lymph nodes) of @entity1 with Stage I @entity788 . The target region of @entity984 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and tested for codon 12 mutation by BstN1 restriction digestion (restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP]) that recognized normal but not mutated sequences. Cell lines that harbored normal or mutated @entity984 and resected jejunum or gallbladder were used as controls. The regional lymph nodes of 22 @entity1 whose @entity5 harbored mutated @entity984 were tested. RESULTS: Dilution experiments with normal and mutant control cell line DNA demonstrated an assay sensitivity for mutated @entity984 of 0.1%. Mutated @entity984 was found in at least 1 regional lymph node in 16 (73%) of 22 @entity1 with pathologic Stage I @entity788 , which suggested metastases not detected by routine histopathology. DNA sequence analysis was performed in four @entity1 and confirmed identical point mutations in the @entity5 and accompanying PCR/RFLP positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic examination of regional lymph nodes in @entity788 specimens fails to detect metastases in many @entity1 . Lymph node micrometastasis is one reason for the poor survival rates observed among @entity1 with @entity5 . PCR/RFLP may have a role in staging early @entity788 .

title: XXXX : detection of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'primary tumor', 'Stage I cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: The first round screening films of 100 @entity1 who had @entity5 detected in the second round of the NHS Breast Screening Programme, were reviewed blindly, and then retrospectively, with knowledge of the site of the subsequent @entity5 . On initial blind viewing of the first screening mammograms, a lesion, later histologically proven to be the @entity5 , was correctly identified in 25 false- @entity75 . However, 51 @entity75 which did not develop into @entity5 were also identified. Review with knowledge of the site of the lesions at second round screening identified an additional 19 @entity75 . The mammographic features of the 25 @entity75 initially identified on blind review were ill-defined masses (52%), architectural distortion (20%), asymmetrical densities (16%), enlarged lymph nodes (8%) and a well defined lesion (4%). Sixteen of these lesions were classified as minimal change, suspicious change in four, clearly malignant in three and benign in two. Forty-eight percent of the @entity75 occurred in the established review areas of the breast. On retrospective review, 25% of incident round screen detected @entity0 were potentially detectable on the previous screening mammograms and the majority of these lesions were ill-defined masses that were more likely to occur in the 'review areas' of the breast. However, only 7% demonstrated mammographic features that were clearly recognized as suspicious of @entity5 . We therefore recommend that radiologists involved in screen reading should pay particular @entity854 occurring in the so-called review areas.

title: Second round XXXX : how many were visible on the first round of the UK National Breast Screening Programme, three years earlier?

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['false negative lesions', 'false positive lesions', 'negative lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['attention to abnormalities']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Non-specific aortoarteritis ( @entity12040 ) is a panarteritis of unknown aetiology which primarily involves the vessel walls. The imaging morphology of wall abnormalities has been infrequently studied and their intravascular ultrasound appearance is not reported in the literature. METHOD: We studied this morphology by intravascular ultrasound in nine @entity1 in whom the diagnosis of @entity12040 was made by clinical and angiographic criteria. Intravascular ultrasound was performed by the transfemoral route. Images of the aorta were obtained in each @entity1 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: All procedures were successful, without complication. Typical findings included thickening and altered echogenicity of the media, adventitia and peri-arterial tissues. The inner echogenic layer was thin. Pliability of aortic walls was lost in stenotic segments. @entity730 was seen in one @entity1 . The aortic wall thickness was 0.17-0.58 cm. Angiograms showed skip areas of aortic involvement. Intravascular ultrasound showed wall changes even in the skip areas which were normal at angiography. CONCLUSION: Intravascular ultrasound shows changes in the aortic wall morphology in non-specific aortoarteritis. Our findings suggest that this disease involves contiguous aortic segments, producing wall and luminal changes in some areas and only wall changes in intervening areas.

title: Morphological mural changes in the aorta in non-specific aortoarteritis ( XXXX ): assessment by intravascular ultrasound imaging.

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic calcification']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) are a leading cause of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). @entity101 complicates pregnancy in many malarial endemic areas with the greatest burden in sub-saharan Africa. It has been suggested that there is a link between placental @entity281 (PMI) caused by @entity3964 and @entity101 . To our knowledge, a systematic review has never been conducted on the relationship between PMI and @entity101 and the modification of that relationship with parity. OBJECTIVES: 1. To critically assess the association between PMI and @entity101 among a general obstetrical population in @entity6866 . To evaluate if the relationship between PMI and @entity101 is modified by parity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review for any study reporting on placental @entity311 and @entity101 . A literature search based on a prospectively prepared protocol was conducted in PubMed Central and EMBASE until 06/09/2011. Additional data on parity of study @entity1 in each study group was requested from corresponding authors of included studies by personal contact through email. Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Cochrane Revman 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis according to standardised methodology. Risk Ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria [1-7]. These included cross-sectional, case control and observational studies. Six were in English and one was translated internally from French. One study [2] was further excluded because it did not represent a general obstetrical population. Our meta-analysis found no association between PMI and @entity101 in a general obstetric population in @entity311 endemic areas [RR of 1.00, 95% CI of 0.82,1.23]. Furthermore, we did not find that this relationship was modified by parity in two studies [RR (nulliparous) 0.92, 95% CI of 0.26,3.25)]. Events= @entity1 with @entity101 (). CONCLUSION: Although trends and associations have been reported in individual studies, we did not find a significant association between PMI and the risk of @entity101 . There is an apparent need for a large prospective cohort study to be conducted on PMI and the possible association with @entity101 .

title: OS025. XXXX as a risk factor for hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy in @entity311 endemic regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HDP', 'hypertension', 'Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['malarial endemic regions 2']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Placental malaria infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) are a leading cause of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). @entity101 complicates pregnancy in many malarial endemic areas with the greatest burden in sub-saharan Africa. It has been suggested that there is a link between placental @entity281 (PMI) caused by @entity3964 and @entity101 . To our knowledge, a systematic review has never been conducted on the relationship between PMI and @entity101 and the modification of that relationship with parity. OBJECTIVES: 1. To critically assess the association between PMI and @entity101 among a general obstetrical population in @entity6866 . To evaluate if the relationship between PMI and @entity101 is modified by parity. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review for any study reporting on placental @entity311 and @entity101 . A literature search based on a prospectively prepared protocol was conducted in PubMed Central and EMBASE until 06/09/2011. Additional data on parity of study @entity1 in each study group was requested from corresponding authors of included studies by personal contact through email. Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The Cochrane Revman 5.1 software was used for statistical analysis according to standardised methodology. Risk Ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria [1-7]. These included cross-sectional, case control and observational studies. Six were in English and one was translated internally from French. One study [2] was further excluded because it did not represent a general obstetrical population. Our meta-analysis found no association between PMI and @entity101 in a general obstetric population in @entity311 endemic areas [RR of 1.00, 95% CI of 0.82,1.23]. Furthermore, we did not find that this relationship was modified by parity in two studies [RR (nulliparous) 0.92, 95% CI of 0.26,3.25)]. Events= @entity1 with @entity101 (). CONCLUSION: Although trends and associations have been reported in individual studies, we did not find a significant association between PMI and the risk of @entity101 . There is an apparent need for a large prospective cohort study to be conducted on PMI and the possible association with @entity101 .

title: OS025. @entity281 as a risk factor for hypertensivedisorders of pregnancy in XXXX endemic regions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome- @entity75 is recognised as the neuro radiologic abnormality in @entity3036 and with prompt treatment and delivery is usually reversible. OBJECTIVES: To study neuro radiological and biochemical abnormalities in severe @entity1468 and @entity3036 and their reversibility following delivery. METHODS: 100 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and @entity3036 admitted to High risk unit at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad were studied between September 2008 and September 2010. Preeclamptic @entity1 who presented with complications of @entity1468 were included. @entity1 with @entity410 in the absence of @entity644 and @entity101 such as @entity6220 and known intracranial pathology were excluded . All the @entity1 were investigated for laboratory parameters such as renal function tests, platelet counts, liver function tests, coagulation profile, fundoscopy, in antepartum period and abnormal results were re-evaluated one week after delivery and in cases with persistent abnormal results at one week postpartum were again evaluated at the end of two weeks. Fifty @entity1 with @entity3036 among the study group underwent MR imaging of brain before delivery and thirty of these @entity1 who showed @entity75 underwent MR imaging postpartum. The different types images used are (i) T1 weighted image (ii) T2 weighted image - highly sensitive (iii) Flair image (iv) Diffusion Weighted image (DW) with Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC). MRI studies were performed in axial, coronal and sagittal axes in varying thickness of 5-10mm. The machine used was 1.5 Tesla Aves Siemens. The biochemical parameters and results of neuro imaging were studied antepartum and postpartum. RESULTS: Thirty six out of 50 @entity1 showed abnormal MRI findings. In 30 @entity1 (83%) findings were consistent with @entity75 . 3 cases (8%) showed @entity1188 , 1 case showed CSVT , 1 @entity1779 and 1 showed @entity11 undiagnosed in antenatal period . Out of 30 cases of @entity75 , 18(77%) cases showed reversal within 1 week postpartum, and 9(33%) cases within 2 weeks postpartum. 80-90% of the abnormal laboratory parameters reversed to normal within 1 week post partum. Abnormal persistent parameters reversed to normal in all cases at the end of 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is a new clinico radiological entity resulting from vasogenic @entity4 in almost all cases of @entity3036 but rare with @entity1468 . In @entity3036 may be considered as clinical manifestation of @entity75 . Though MRI brain is a valuable diagnostic tool in evaluation of @entity3036 it is expensive, and less available. Repeat MRI investigations may not be necessary, as almost all cases of @entity75 are reversible. MRI brain in cases of @entity3036 also help to identify rare pathologies in the brain other than @entity75 , wrongly attributed to @entity3036 Though @entity1468 and @entity3036 are reversible, duration required for reversal is 1-2week period, during which period pathology is resolving but not recovered completely and complications can still occur. Hence, close observation is required in the first 1-2week postpartum.

title: OS026. Study of neuroradiological and biochemical abnormalities in 100 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['epileptics and other central nervous disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRES', 'Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'fact eclampsia', 'Eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'pre eclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia-eclapmsia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome- @entity75 is recognised as the neuro radiologic abnormality in @entity3036 and with prompt treatment and delivery is usually reversible. OBJECTIVES: To study neuro radiological and biochemical abnormalities in severe @entity1468 and @entity3036 and their reversibility following delivery. METHODS: 100 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and @entity3036 admitted to High risk unit at Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad were studied between September 2008 and September 2010. Preeclamptic @entity1 who presented with complications of @entity1468 were included. @entity1 with @entity410 in the absence of @entity644 and @entity101 such as @entity6220 and known intracranial pathology were excluded . All the @entity1 were investigated for laboratory parameters such as renal function tests, platelet counts, liver function tests, coagulation profile, fundoscopy, in antepartum period and abnormal results were re-evaluated one week after delivery and in cases with persistent abnormal results at one week postpartum were again evaluated at the end of two weeks. Fifty @entity1 with @entity3036 among the study group underwent MR imaging of brain before delivery and thirty of these @entity1 who showed @entity75 underwent MR imaging postpartum. The different types images used are (i) T1 weighted image (ii) T2 weighted image - highly sensitive (iii) Flair image (iv) Diffusion Weighted image (DW) with Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC). MRI studies were performed in axial, coronal and sagittal axes in varying thickness of 5-10mm. The machine used was 1.5 Tesla Aves Siemens. The biochemical parameters and results of neuro imaging were studied antepartum and postpartum. RESULTS: Thirty six out of 50 @entity1 showed abnormal MRI findings. In 30 @entity1 (83%) findings were consistent with @entity75 . 3 cases (8%) showed @entity1188 , 1 case showed CSVT , 1 @entity1779 and 1 showed @entity11 undiagnosed in antenatal period . Out of 30 cases of @entity75 , 18(77%) cases showed reversal within 1 week postpartum, and 9(33%) cases within 2 weeks postpartum. 80-90% of the abnormal laboratory parameters reversed to normal within 1 week post partum. Abnormal persistent parameters reversed to normal in all cases at the end of 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is a new clinico radiological entity resulting from vasogenic @entity4 in almost all cases of @entity3036 but rare with @entity1468 . In @entity3036 may be considered as clinical manifestation of @entity75 . Though MRI brain is a valuable diagnostic tool in evaluation of @entity3036 it is expensive, and less available. Repeat MRI investigations may not be necessary, as almost all cases of @entity75 are reversible. MRI brain in cases of @entity3036 also help to identify rare pathologies in the brain other than @entity75 , wrongly attributed to @entity3036 Though @entity1468 and @entity3036 are reversible, duration required for reversal is 1-2week period, during which period pathology is resolving but not recovered completely and complications can still occur. Hence, close observation is required in the first 1-2week postpartum.

title: OS026. Study of neuroradiological and biochemical abnormalities in 100 XXXX with @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: One key objective of life span research is to examine how individual development is shaped by the historical time @entity1 live in. Secular trends favoring later-born cohorts on fluid cognitive abilities have been widely documented, but findings are mixed for well-being. It remains an open question whether secular increases in well-being seen in earlier phases of life also manifest in the last years of life. To examine this possibility, we made use of longitudinal data obtained from the mid-1980s until the late 2000s in 2 large national samples in the United States (Health and Retirement Study [HRS]) and Germany (German Socio-Economic Panel [SOEP]). We operationally defined historical time from 2 complementary perspectives: birth-year cohorts based on the years in which @entity1 were born (earlier: 1930s vs. later: 1940s) and @entity204 -year cohorts based on the years in which @entity1 died (earlier: 1990s vs. later: 2000s). To control for relevant covariates, we used case-matched groups based on age (at @entity204 ) and education and covaried for gender, health, and number of observations. Results from both countries revealed that well-being in old age was indeed developing at higher levels among later-born cohorts. However, for later-deceased cohorts, no evidence for secular increases in well-being was found. To the contrary, later-dying SOEP @entity1 reported lower levels of well-being at age 75 and 2 years prior to @entity204 and experienced steeper late-life declines. Our results suggest that secular increases in well-being observed in old age do not manifest in late life, where "manufactured" survival may be exacerbating age- and mortality-related declines.

title: Historical improvements in well-being do not hold in late life: Birth- and XXXX -year cohorts in the United States and Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1653 are uncommon primary @entity5 associated with high level of recurrence and low life expectancy. Through three institutions experience, we analysed the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity5 to determine their outcome and identify prognostic factors that may influence recurrence and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective search identified 62 cases of WHO grade III @entity1653 , of whom 9 (14.5%) were not considered in the survival analysis as no follow-up data were available. Thirty @entity1 (48.4%) had a previous history of non- @entity5 surgery. The @entity1 underwent a total of 139 surgical resections and 42 courses of radiotherapy of which 27 were given after the WHO grade @entity1653 diagnosis. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (29.5%) were re-operated for a relapse of their @entity1653 . Median time between the first and the second surgery was 1.3 years. Median overall survival time was 3.5 years. Overall survival probabilities at 1, 2 and 5 years were 74.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [63.8, 87.1], 58.7%, 95% CI [46.4, 74.3] and 37.7%, 95% CI [25, 56.8], respectively. Extent of resection was associated with the survival. DISCUSSION: This retrospective series highlights the poor prognosis associated with the diagnosis of @entity5 . Complete or subtotal resection may prolong the @entity1 ' survival. We could not confirm the usefulness of postoperative radiotherapy.

title: World Health Organization grade III XXXX . A retrospective study for outcome and prognostic factors assessment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningiomas', 'malignant meningioma', 'intracranial tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic meningioma', 'Anaplastic meningiomas', 'III meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on @entity1 electroencephalography (EEG) was studied using nonlinear dynamics analysis to investigate changes in brain complexity. METHODS: We propose a @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) measure to quantify the complexity of spatial linear modes in multichannel EEGs. Nine @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 who had not previously been exposed to @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were included in this study. Eighteen-channel EEG data were collected before and after @entity2052 therapy. Changes in brain complexity were examined using the proposed @entity15131 measure, which reflects brain complexity. Fifteen normal, healthy subjects were included as a control group. To compare @entity15131 with spectral analysis, we performed spectral analysis within the conventional frequency bands. RESULTS: Spectral analysis showed that the @entity1 group had decreased relative power of the alpha2 band in the T7, P3, O1 and C4 leads before @entity2052 treatment and an increased relative theta power in the O1 lead relative to the control group. However, no significant changes occurred in any lead at any frequency band after @entity2052 treatment. The mean @entity15131 value was significantly lower in the @entity1 group before treatment than in the control group (p = 0.026). The average @entity15131 value for all @entity1 increased after treatment and neared that of the control group, although statistical significance was not attained (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity302 @entity1 have @entity854 that are demonstrated by reduced brain complexity, and that @entity2052 partially reverses this trend. Nonlinear analysis of EEG data may be useful in evaluating the effect of @entity734 .

title: Changes in brain complexity during valproate treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['interictal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['SLMC', 'spatial linear mode complexity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['partial epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on @entity1 electroencephalography (EEG) was studied using nonlinear dynamics analysis to investigate changes in brain complexity. METHODS: We propose a @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) measure to quantify the complexity of spatial linear modes in multichannel EEGs. Nine @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 who had not previously been exposed to @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were included in this study. Eighteen-channel EEG data were collected before and after @entity2052 therapy. Changes in brain complexity were examined using the proposed @entity15131 measure, which reflects brain complexity. Fifteen normal, healthy subjects were included as a control group. To compare @entity15131 with spectral analysis, we performed spectral analysis within the conventional frequency bands. RESULTS: Spectral analysis showed that the @entity1 group had decreased relative power of the alpha2 band in the T7, P3, O1 and C4 leads before @entity2052 treatment and an increased relative theta power in the O1 lead relative to the control group. However, no significant changes occurred in any lead at any frequency band after @entity2052 treatment. The mean @entity15131 value was significantly lower in the @entity1 group before treatment than in the control group (p = 0.026). The average @entity15131 value for all @entity1 increased after treatment and neared that of the control group, although statistical significance was not attained (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity302 @entity1 have @entity854 that are demonstrated by reduced brain complexity, and that @entity2052 partially reverses this trend. Nonlinear analysis of EEG data may be useful in evaluating the effect of @entity734 .

title: Changes in brain complexity during valproate treatment in XXXX with @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A large and growing body of research demonstrates the impact of @entity2414 . However, the typical study approach tests the effects of a single biological or psychological factor on changes in working memory. The current study attempted to move beyond the standard single-factor assessment by examining the impact of 2 possible factors in stress-related working @entity2414 . To this end, 60 @entity1 completed a working memory task before and after either a psychological stressor writing task or a control writing task and completed measures of both @entity701 and mind wandering. We also included a measure of state anxiety to examine the direct and indirect effect on working memory. We found that mind wandering mediated the relationship between state @entity2414 at the baseline measurement. This indirect relationship was moderated by @entity701 , such that the impact of mind wandering on working memory increased as @entity701 levels increased. No @entity73 was observed following the stress manipulation, but increases in state anxiety and mind wandering were observed. State anxiety and mind wandering independently mediated the relationship between change in working memory and threat perception. The indirect paths resulted in opposing effects on working memory. Combined, the findings from this study suggest that @entity701 enhances the impact of mind wandering on working memory, that state anxiety may not always result in stress-related working @entity2414 , and that high working memory performance can protect against mind wandering. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Examining factors involved in stress-related working XXXX : Independent or conditional effects?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['overall working memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments', 'psychological stress on working memory', 'anxiety and working memory']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory impairments']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 who were referred for surgical resection of large @entity1586 after index colonoscopy were considered for endoscopic polypectomy. Eighteen of these @entity1 were ultimately referred for surgery. Twenty-five @entity1 with 25 large @entity1127 underwent endoscopic polypectomy; there were 9 females and 16 males with a mean age of 69 years. Among the polypectomy @entity1 , polyp size was 3.0-6.0 cm, found mostly in the left colon. There were 21 pedunculated and 4 sessile @entity1127 . Follow-up was carried out for a mean of 48 months (range, 12-171 months). Polypectomy was possible on a single attempt in 12 (48%) cases and in 13 (52%) cases by a piecemeal technique. Pathological examination revealed @entity5 in 11 (44%), @entity6523 in 11 (44%), and inflammatory, hyperplastic and harmartoma in 1 @entity1 each. Complications included @entity548 in 3 (12%) @entity1 and @entity294 and fever in 1 (4%). All complications were successfully treated conservatively without sequellae. Two @entity1 were referred for surgery, 1 with invasion of the base of the polyp and 1 because of a synchronous malignant polyp. During follow-up, 8 metachronous @entity1127 were detected. In 1 of these, a @entity189 was found and treated with endoscopic polypectomy. In conclusion, endoscopic polypectomy of large @entity1127 is safe and can defer surgical treatment. Regular follow-up is required. Endoscopic polypectomy of large @entity1127 should be considered before referral for surgical treatment.

title: Colonoscopic resection of large XXXX --a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that Chilean geriatric population (=65 years) will hit 16% in the year 2030. Psychiatric longer stays have been described for those equal 65 years vs. less than 65 years. We aim to describe the characteristics associated with lengths of stay in our @entity146 unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 3112 admissions between July 2001 and June 2010 to the general @entity146 service of the Pontific Catholic University of Chile. RESULTS: 5.1% (n=132) of the sample was geriatric @entity1 . The average length of stay for this group was 12.4 days (p=0.41). Both the geriatric and non-geriatric population presented a high prevalence of @entity1316 (63.7% and 55.1%, respectively). In the geriatric group, there was a higher presence of @entity162 (27.3 vs. 19.5%; p less than 0.05) and @entity303 (16.7% vs. 0.5%). In contrast, for = 65 years, there was significantly less prevalence of adaptive and @entity148 (3% vs. 13%; p less than 0.01). There was just one case of @entity1314 and no cases of @entity1277 in the geriatric group. There were no differences in the lengths of stay according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find longer stay times, in general or associated with specific diagnoses, in geriatric @entity1 versus non-geriatric @entity1 .

title: [Geriatric vs. non-geriatric XXXX hospitalization to the @entity146 services of a general hospital in Chile].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is estimated that Chilean geriatric population (=65 years) will hit 16% in the year 2030. Psychiatric longer stays have been described for those equal 65 years vs. less than 65 years. We aim to describe the characteristics associated with lengths of stay in our @entity146 unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 3112 admissions between July 2001 and June 2010 to the general @entity146 service of the Pontific Catholic University of Chile. RESULTS: 5.1% (n=132) of the sample was geriatric @entity1 . The average length of stay for this group was 12.4 days (p=0.41). Both the geriatric and non-geriatric population presented a high prevalence of @entity1316 (63.7% and 55.1%, respectively). In the geriatric group, there was a higher presence of @entity162 (27.3 vs. 19.5%; p less than 0.05) and @entity303 (16.7% vs. 0.5%). In contrast, for = 65 years, there was significantly less prevalence of adaptive and @entity148 (3% vs. 13%; p less than 0.01). There was just one case of @entity1314 and no cases of @entity1277 in the geriatric group. There were no differences in the lengths of stay according to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find longer stay times, in general or associated with specific diagnoses, in geriatric @entity1 versus non-geriatric @entity1 .

title: [Geriatric vs. non-geriatric @entity146 hospitalization to the XXXX services of a general hospital in Chile].

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 genotyping in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 undergoing @entity2600 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity1 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity1 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity2600 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity1398 among heterozygous @entity1 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity6912 testing prior to @entity2600 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity694 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of XXXX genotyping before @entity14 treatment with @entity2600 from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity6912 :: (54658,Gene) :: ['UGT1A1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 genotyping in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 undergoing @entity2600 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity1 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity1 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity2600 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity1398 among heterozygous @entity1 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity6912 testing prior to @entity2600 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity694 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 genotyping before XXXX treatment with @entity2600 from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence concerning the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 *28 genotyping is ambiguous and does not allow drawing valid conclusions for Germany. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 genotyping in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 undergoing @entity2600 -based chemotherapy compared to no testing from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model with a life time horizon was developed. No testing was compared to two genotype-dependent therapy strategies: 1) dose reduction by 25%; and 2) administration of a prophylactic G-CSF growth factor analog for homozygous and heterozygous @entity1 . Probability, quality of life and cost parameters used in this study were based on published literature. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to account for parameter uncertainties. RESULTS: Strategy 1 dominated all remaining strategies. Compared to no testing, it resulted in only marginal QALY increases (0.0002) but a cost reduction of    580 per @entity1 . Strategy 2 resulted in the same health gains but increased costs by    10 773. In the probabilistic analysis, genotyping and dose reduction was the optimal strategy in approximately 100% of simulations at a threshold of    50 000 per QALY. Deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that uncertainty for this strategy originated primarily from costs for @entity2600 -based chemotherapy, from the prevalence of @entity1398 among heterozygous @entity1 , and from whether dose reduction is applied to both homozygotes and heterozygotes or only to the former. CONCLUSION: This model-based synthesis of the most recent evidence suggests that pharmacogenetic @entity6912 testing prior to @entity2600 -based chemotherapy dominates non-personalized @entity694 care in Germany. However, as structural uncertainty remains high, these results require validation in clinical practice, e.g. based on a managed-entry agreement.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity6912 genotyping before @entity14 treatment with XXXX from the perspective of the German statutory health insurance.

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the acute circulatory effects of an open @entity174 and the circulatory effects of different fluid resuscitation strategies after such a @entity174 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Medical Research Council laboratory, university medical school. SUBJECTS: Four groups of ten immature female Large-White @entity1707 (16.5-27.0 kg): those receiving limited resuscitation, moderate resuscitation, and normal resuscitation, as well as surgical controls. INTERVENTIONS: After induction and intubation with 3% @entity1508 , anesthesia was maintained with intravenous Saffan. Cannulae were placed in the left external jugular vein and both axillary arteries. A pulmonary artery flotation catheter was introduced through the jugular cannula. The left femur was exposed for @entity174 with a captive bolt. Resuscitation was with 0.9% saline; the moderate resuscitation group received less than the normal resuscitation group (840 +/- 67 mL vs. 1873 +/- 96 mL), whereas the surgical control and limited resuscitation groups received the lowest volumes (466 +/- 10 mL and 452 +/- 19 mL, respectively). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements/calculations of global hemodynamics (intravascular pressures, e.g., mean arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity64 volume index, cardiac output/index, left @entity64 work index, and systemic vascular resistance index), metabolism ( @entity26 delivery index and consumption index, @entity26 extraction ratio, plasma @entity880 , @entity7825 ), blood gases, pH, and hematocrit were made before @entity174 , immediately and 30 mins after @entity174 , and at 30-min intervals for the next 4 hrs. Hind-limb muscle water content was determined by dessication. @entity174 led to acute reductions in cardiac output/index, @entity64 volume index, and @entity26 delivery index and increases in systemic vascular resistance index and @entity26 extraction ratio. In the absence of fluid resuscitation, these changes persisted and were accompanied by @entity551 . Normal resuscitation attenuated the @entity174 -induced changes such that the only differences during resuscitation between limited resuscitation and normal resuscitation were a reduction in hematocrit in the latter and an increase in @entity26 extraction ratio in the former. Water content increased in both injured and uninjured muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular and metabolic changes associated with femur @entity174 in the anesthetized @entity1707 can be reversed or prevented by crystalloids given in a volume equivalent to Advanced @entity130 Life Support guidelines.

title: Hemodynamic responses to fluid resuscitation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Femur fracture']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of molecular changes observed by varied conventional methods, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3, have been associated with primary @entity2 . To further define the locus of chromosome 3p allele loss in @entity2 , we performed LOH study by using innovative laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-eight paired specimens from @entity1 with @entity2220 were used for this study. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue from normal stromal cells or lymphocytes and @entity420 were collected using laser capture microdissection. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using six polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 3. PCR products were analyzed by both gel electrophoresis and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. RESULTS: LOH at 3p22-24 was found in @entity5 cells from twelve out of thirty-eight @entity1 (32%) when analyzed by WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis and LOH was found in @entity5 cells from nine out of thirty-eight @entity1 (23%) when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. LOH was found in normal control from one out of thirty-eight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Our results suggest putative @entity5 suppressor gene(s) is present in a region at 3p22-24, which may play a role in @entity2 . 2. Laser capture microdissection is essential tool for defined LOH studies. 3. WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis is an accurate, sensitive and automated tool for analysis of DNA fragments.

title: Loss of heterozygosity in primary XXXX using laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA fragment analysis techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction A high influx of @entity1 during a @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) may disrupt @entity1 flow in an already overcrowded @entity341 ( @entity341 ) that is functioning beyond its operating capacity. This pilot study examined the impact of a two-step @entity341 triage model using Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) for pre-triage, followed by triage with the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), on @entity1 flow during a @entity3928 simulation exercise. Hypothesis/Problem It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in time intervals nor @entity1 volumes at each @entity1 -flow milestone. METHODS: Physicians and nurses participated in a computer-based tabletop disaster simulation exercise. Physicians were randomized into the intervention group using START, then CTAS, or the control group using START alone. @entity1 -flow milestones including time intervals and @entity1 volumes from @entity341 arrival to triage, @entity341 arrival to bed assignment, @entity341 arrival to physician assessment, and @entity341 arrival to disposition decision were compared. Triage accuracy was compared for secondary purposes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the time interval from @entity341 arrival to triage (mean difference 108 seconds; 95% CI, -353 to 596 seconds; P=1.0), @entity341 arrival to bed assignment (mean difference 362 seconds; 95% CI, -1,269 to 545 seconds; P=1.0), @entity341 arrival to physician assessment (mean difference 31 seconds; 95% CI, -1,104 to 348 seconds; P=0.92), and @entity341 arrival to disposition decision (mean difference 175 seconds; 95% CI, -1,650 to 1,300 seconds; P=1.0) between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the volume of @entity1 to be triaged (32% vs 34%; 95% CI for the difference -16% to 21%; P=1.0), assigned a bed (16% vs 21%; 95% CI for the difference -11% to 20%; P=1.0), assessed by a physician (20% vs 22%; 95% CI for the difference -14% to 19%; P=1.0), and with a disposition decision (20% vs 9%; 95% CI for the difference -25% to 4%; P=.34) between the two groups. The accuracy of triage was similar in both groups (57% vs 70%; 95% CI for the difference -15% to 41%; P=.46). CONCLUSION: Experienced triage nurses were able to apply CTAS effectively during a @entity3928 simulation exercise. A two-step @entity341 triage model using START, then CTAS, had similar @entity1 flow and triage accuracy when compared to START alone. Lee JS , Franc JM . Impact of a two-step @entity341 triage model with START, then CTAS, on @entity1 flow during a simulated @entity3928 . Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1-7.

title: Impact of a Two-step Emergency Department Triage Model with START, then CTAS, on XXXX Flow During a Simulated Mass-casualty Incident.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mass-casualty incident']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']