abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a reduced duration (12hours) of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) administration for @entity3036 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, @entity1 with @entity3036 (prepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum) attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 140/90mm Hg after 20weeks, @entity644 (dipstick value>= +1), and @entity410 not attributed to other causes. @entity1 were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All @entity1 received a @entity2400 loading dose (4g, intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1g/hour) for 12hours (study group) and 24hours (control group). The primary outcome was recurrent @entity410 after completion of @entity2400 therapy. @entity1 with treatment failure were excluded from analyses. RESULTS: Analyses included 132 @entity1 in the study group and 72 @entity1 in the control group. No @entity410 recurred in either group after the completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity3036 , 12hours of @entity2399 could effectively prevent recurrent @entity410 .

title: Maternal outcomes after 12hours and 24hours of XXXX therapy for @entity3036 .

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: Three widely used immunoassays for @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) determination (RID. RIEP and LN--Behring) were compared. According to the @entity1851 @entity460 dependent structural changes or ligand binding properties two buffer systems, @entity141 rich and @entity141 depleted, were used in all methods. In RID and RIEP mean values of studied samples were higher when @entity141 depleted buffer was used (r = 0.94 and r = 0.88, respectively). However, in LN mean values of studied samples were higher when @entity141 rich buffer was employed (r = 0.923). Comparison of RID and RIEP showed better correlation when @entity141 depleted buffer was used with r = 0.913 and regression equation y = 0.92 chi + 2.76. Comparison of RID with LN gave similar results as in the case of RIEP and LN. In both cases mean values of studied samples were much higher in LN. Best correlation between RID and LN was obtained when RID was run in @entity141 depleted buffer and LN performed in @entity141 rich buffer (r = 0.845, y = 1.25 chi + 18.4). When RIEP and LN were compared highest correlation was obtained when @entity141 rich buffer in both methods had been used (r = 0.84, y = 1.45 chi + 33.7). However, comparison of both methods run in @entity141 depleted buffer yielded better regression equation: y = 1.05 chi + 26.1 with r = 0.795.

title: Comparison of three immunoassays for XXXX determination.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity146 in childhood and adolescence represents a frequent @entity146 in this age group and its prognosis is predominantly unfavourable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome and predictors of outpatients and inpatients with @entity9054 and internalizing disorders. METHOD: We compared a 10 year follow-up history of in- and outpatients with @entity9054 and internalizing disorders. The sample of @entity1 with @entity9054 was divided into three groups ("I": F90.1; "E": F91.2, F92; "D": F91.1, F91.3). The outcome was defined as an improvement of psychosocial functioning (SGKJ). Statistical analysis consisted of Fisher exact test and logistical regression. RESULTS: Our findings showed the best results in @entity1 with the @entity1479 10 diagnosis F90.1. Inpatient treatment was superior to outpatient treatment. Cooperation of parents and @entity1 , severeness of disease, psychosocial risk factors and pharmacotherapy were found to be the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of an outpatient treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity9054 can be increased by training of parents, home treatment or pharmacotherapy.

title: [How effective are interventions in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX ? A utilization study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior disorder', 'Anti-social behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['antisocial behavior']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity146 in childhood and adolescence represents a frequent @entity146 in this age group and its prognosis is predominantly unfavourable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome and predictors of outpatients and inpatients with @entity9054 and internalizing disorders. METHOD: We compared a 10 year follow-up history of in- and outpatients with @entity9054 and internalizing disorders. The sample of @entity1 with @entity9054 was divided into three groups ("I": F90.1; "E": F91.2, F92; "D": F91.1, F91.3). The outcome was defined as an improvement of psychosocial functioning (SGKJ). Statistical analysis consisted of Fisher exact test and logistical regression. RESULTS: Our findings showed the best results in @entity1 with the @entity1479 10 diagnosis F90.1. Inpatient treatment was superior to outpatient treatment. Cooperation of parents and @entity1 , severeness of disease, psychosocial risk factors and pharmacotherapy were found to be the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of an outpatient treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity9054 can be increased by training of parents, home treatment or pharmacotherapy.

title: [How effective are interventions in XXXX and adolescents with @entity146 ? A utilization study].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been claimed that @entity1 with @entity5545 show @entity1650 and a training of auditory perception is recommended as a therapy. this study addresses the question whether a causal connection between auditory perception and @entity5545 can be proven empirically. METHOD: 27 dyslexic @entity1 with average intelligence and normal hearing and 31 controls were examined. The auditory perception ability was judged with non-linguistic (pitch, tone duration, sound discrimination tasks) and verbal (speech in noise, compressed speech) tasks. In addition auditory short-term memory, nonverbal IQ, spelling and language ability were assessed. RESULTS: Group differences were found in tone processing tasks, but not in sound discrimination or auditory verbal tasks. Despite significant main effects in tone processing tasks the individual values of the dyslexic @entity1 lay predominantly in the range of the controls. In addition, there was no correlation between tone processing and spelling ability. CONCLUSION: Dyslexic @entity1 do not show remarkable @entity1650 . Auditory low level deficits can only be observed within a small subgroup. There is no evidence for @entity29175 as a cause of @entity5545 . The relevance of auditory processing training for treatment programmes for @entity5545 should be questioned.

title: [Significance of XXXX for the pathogenesis of reading and spelling disorders].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory processing deficits', 'deficits in verbal auditory processing']

entities_list: @entity29175 :: ('MESH:D001304', 'Disease') :: ['central auditory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1650 :: (MESH:D001308,Disease) :: ['auditory processing deficits']


abstract: Monitoring and management of intravascular volume status is of crucial importance in @entity3124 @entity1 . @entity3485 , induced by @entity548 or pathologic fluid shifts in the presence of systemic @entity32 , is frequently the cause for hemodynamic instability and @entity551 . This @entity1503 leads to a reduction in biventricular cardiac preload. With respect to the Frank-Starling mechanism, this causes an alteration in left @entity64 . If this reduction in @entity64 volume cannot be compensated by an increase in heart rate, this finally results in a decline of cardiac output. In this clinical situation fluid loading is the treatment of choice. However, insufficient peripheral vascular resistance and thus reduced cardiac afterload as well as @entity296 also have to be taken in account to be causative for @entity551 . Potential hazards of fluid loading specifically in the latter situation include @entity3126 , worsening of pulmonary gas exchange and @entity712 . Thus, prediction of fluid responsiveness, i.e. the prediction of the hemodynamic response to fluid loading is of utmost importance in @entity3124 @entity1 . Several conventional parameters of systemic hemodynamic monitoring such as the @entity299 and PAOP, the estimation of the left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) by echocardiography and measurement of central blood volumes as the right-ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) or the global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) by thermodilution are frequently used for preload monitoring. Further, functional preload parameters such as the left @entity64 (SW), describing the specific interactions of the heart and the lungs under mechanical ventilation, have been recently proposed to be useful for predicting fluid responsiveness. Thus, it is the aim of the present article to analyze these different concepts of hemodynamic monitoring regarding their usefulness and clinical applicability to predict fluid responsiveness at the bedside.

title: [Assessment of volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ventricular stroke volume', 'ventricular stroke volume variation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['deficit of central blood volume']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac filling pressures CVP']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Forty-eight critically ill @entity1 in an intensive care unit were enrolled in a prospective study of stress @entity1066 . The H2-receptor antagonists @entity4444 and @entity5616 were used, @entity1 being randomized on hospital number. Response was assessed by measuring gastric pH every 2 hours. The drugs were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the @entity356 . If one drug, in maximum dose, failed to maintain the pH above 4, the other drug was administered at maximum dose. If both drugs failed to achieve control of gastric pH, antacids were administered in an endeavor to ensure @entity1 safety. @entity4444 was successful in maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, for the duration of the intensive care admission, in five of 28 @entity1 . @entity5616 was successful in 10 of 20 @entity1 . The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.04). In @entity1 in whom @entity4444 therapy failed, @entity5616 provided adequate control of pH in four of 13. @entity4444 controlled one of six @entity1 who had failed to improve with @entity5616 therapy. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were well above established acid inhibitory concentrations. However, even with much lower plasma concentrations of @entity5616 , similar amounts of both drugs were present in the gastric juice, suggesting a possible explanation for the greater efficacy of @entity5616 . We conclude that, although @entity5616 is more effective than @entity4444 , neither of these drugs is adequate for stress @entity1066 . If they ae used for this purpose in the critically ill @entity1 , regular monitoring of gastric pH is essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

title: Randomized, prospective trial of @entity4444 and XXXX for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['aspirated gastric juice']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: Forty-eight critically ill @entity1 in an intensive care unit were enrolled in a prospective study of stress @entity1066 . The H2-receptor antagonists @entity4444 and @entity5616 were used, @entity1 being randomized on hospital number. Response was assessed by measuring gastric pH every 2 hours. The drugs were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the @entity356 . If one drug, in maximum dose, failed to maintain the pH above 4, the other drug was administered at maximum dose. If both drugs failed to achieve control of gastric pH, antacids were administered in an endeavor to ensure @entity1 safety. @entity4444 was successful in maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, for the duration of the intensive care admission, in five of 28 @entity1 . @entity5616 was successful in 10 of 20 @entity1 . The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.04). In @entity1 in whom @entity4444 therapy failed, @entity5616 provided adequate control of pH in four of 13. @entity4444 controlled one of six @entity1 who had failed to improve with @entity5616 therapy. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were well above established acid inhibitory concentrations. However, even with much lower plasma concentrations of @entity5616 , similar amounts of both drugs were present in the gastric juice, suggesting a possible explanation for the greater efficacy of @entity5616 . We conclude that, although @entity5616 is more effective than @entity4444 , neither of these drugs is adequate for stress @entity1066 . If they ae used for this purpose in the critically ill @entity1 , regular monitoring of gastric pH is essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

title: Randomized, prospective trial of XXXX and @entity5616 for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill.

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: For a long time, breast-conserving surgery has been a subject of great interest and debate. Many researchers have tried to find strict criteria in selecting the @entity1 who can benefit from such a treatment but this remains a goal to achieve in the future. In our surgical department, from 1984 to 2000, 1152 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 . 741 @entity1 (64.1%) had @entity0 and 411 @entity1 (35.6%) were diagnosed in I and II stages. From the @entity1 with early @entity0 only 57 (14.1%) had benefited of conservative surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All @entity1 received hormonotherapy. The surgical treatment consisted in a broad sectorectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy in all cases. We present the criteria for selecting @entity1 in our study. The @entity1 were followed for 2-5 years, with a mean period of 48 months and there were no significant differences between the trial with mamectomy and that with conservative surgery. There is presented a brief review of the literature in this field. Our conclusion is that the conservative surgery for @entity0 is a good method, which can be applied for selected @entity1 and with a good follow-up.

title: [The place of conservative surgery in the complex oncologic treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: TOPIC: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit and harms associated with implantation of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) during @entity231 surgery. Outcomes were postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) and distance spectacle independence. Harms were evaluated as surgical complications and residual @entity940 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postoperative @entity940 is an important cause of suboptimal UCDVA and need for distance spectacles. Toric IOLs may correct for preexisting corneal @entity940 at the time of surgery. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in the Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases within the Cochrane Library. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) if they compared toric with non-toric IOL implantation (   relaxing incision) in @entity1 with regular corneal @entity940 and age-related @entity231 . We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We assessed the quality of evidence across studies using the GRADE profiler software (available at: www.gradeworkinggroup.org). RESULTS: We included 13 RCTs with 707 eyes randomized to toric IOLs and 706 eyes randomized to non-toric IOLs; 225 eyes had a relaxing incision. We found high-quality evidence that UCDVA was better in the toric IOL group (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] mean difference,  -0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI],  -0.10 to  -0.04) and provided greater spectacle independence (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71) and moderate quality evidence that toric IOL implantation was not associated with an increased risk of complications (RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.60-5.04). Residual @entity940 was lower in the toric IOL group than in the non-toric IOL plus relaxing incision group (mean difference, 0.37 diopter [D]; 95% CI,  -0.55 to  -0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We found that toric IOLs provided better UCDVA, greater spectacle independence, and lower  amounts of residual @entity940 than non-toric IOLs even when relaxing incisions were used.

title: Toric Intraocular Lenses in the Correction of Astigmatism During XXXX Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: Alterations in cerebral monoamines following application of electroacupuncture were investigated using conscious @entity35 with and without application of restraining stress. The @entity935 and @entity750 levels were significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, and lateral hypothalamus and increased in the dorsal raphe nucleus by restraining stress. On the other hand, application of electroacupuncture on the lumbar and hindlimb segments eliminated the above changes in @entity935 , while the changes in @entity750 were attenuated by lumbar and hindlimb electroacupuncture. However, the effects of hindlimb electroacupuncture were greater than those of lumbar electroacupuncture. These results clearly indicate that lumbar and hindlimb electroacupuncture stimulations have differential effects on brain monoaminergic neurons in @entity35 exposed to restraining stress. Moxa burning stimulation was applied to the lumbar and hindlimb segments of @entity35 without restraining stress. The @entity935 level was significantly increased in the midbrain substantia nigra-ventrotegmental area by hindlimb moxibusion. On the other hand, the @entity750 levels were significantly increased in the nucleus amygdala by lumber moxibusion and decreased in the nucleus accumbens by hindlimb moxibusion. The present results indicate that electroacupuncture applied to the lumbar and hindlimb segments has an antistress effect, while the application of moxibustion to the lumbar and hindlimb segments was likely to stimulate the functions of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. We suggest that functional alterations in cerebral dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons are involved in the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture and moxibustion, especially because of their antistress and @entity5539 actions.

title: Alterations in the function of cerebral dopaminergic and serotonergic systems following electroacupuncture and moxibustion applications: possible correlates with their antistress and XXXX actions.

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity5539 :: (MESH:D011602,Disease) :: ['psychosomatic']


abstract: The past several years can be considered a renaissance @entity7971 in the treatment of @entity320 . Following a 30-year stretch in which oncologists barely put a dent in a very grim overall survival (OS) rate for these @entity1 , things have rapidly changed course with the recent approval of three new @entity320 drugs by the FDA. Both oncogene-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade approaches have shown remarkable efficacy in a subset of @entity320 @entity1 and have clearly been game-changers in terms of clinical impact. However, most @entity1 still succumb to their disease, and thus, there remains an urgent need to improve upon current therapies. Fortunately, innovations in molecular medicine have led to many silent gains that have greatly increased our understanding of the nature of @entity5 biology as well as the complex interactions between @entity5 and the immune system. They have also allowed for the first time a detailed understanding of an individual @entity1 's @entity5 at the genomic and proteomic level. This information is now starting to be employed at all stages of @entity5 treatment, including diagnosis, choice of drug therapy, treatment monitoring, and analysis of resistance mechanisms upon recurrence. This new @entity7971 of personalized medicine will foreseeably lead to paradigm shifts in immunotherapeutic treatment approaches such as individualized @entity5 vaccines and adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells. Advances in xenograft technology will also allow for the testing of drug combinations using in vivo models, a truly necessary development as the number of new drugs needing to be tested is predicted to skyrocket in the coming years. This chapter will provide an overview of recent technological developments in @entity5 research, and how they are expected to impact future diagnosis, monitoring, and development of novel treatments for @entity320 .

title: Novel Treatments in Development for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: In order to determine whether the @entity460 blockers @entity1855 and/or @entity2399 decrease @entity16 after @entity1167 , all out-of-hospital @entity1167 (290) occurring during a nine-month period in five participating hospitals were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine @entity1 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Each had an unwitnessed, out-of-hospital @entity1167 and was comatose (no purposeful response to @entity158 ) 20 minutes after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Eighteen @entity1 ( @entity460 blocker group) received @entity1855 and/or @entity2399 at some point after ROSC, while eleven @entity1 received standard ACLS therapy (control group). Age, arrest time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, and cerebral ischemic time were comparable in the two groups. In the @entity460 blocker group, seven of 18 @entity1 regained consciousness, and six of these seven survived. All six survivors appeared neurologically normal upon discharge and at three and six months of follow-up. While no demonstrably adverse effects were seen after the administration of @entity2399 , 56% of the @entity1 who received @entity1855 had a significant drop in blood pressure. In the control group, three of 11 @entity1 regained consciousness and two of the three left the hospital alive. Both survivors were disabled--one severely and one moderately. Follow-up after three and six months revealed no significant improvement in their disability. Overall, six of 18 @entity1 experienced clinically complete neurological recovery in the @entity460 blocker group, while none of the 11 @entity1 in the control group made a complete neurological recovery (P = 0.06).

title: Neurological recovery after @entity1167 : clinical feasibility trial of XXXX blockers.

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: In order to determine whether the @entity460 blockers @entity1855 and/or @entity2399 decrease @entity16 after @entity1167 , all out-of-hospital @entity1167 (290) occurring during a nine-month period in five participating hospitals were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine @entity1 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Each had an unwitnessed, out-of-hospital @entity1167 and was comatose (no purposeful response to @entity158 ) 20 minutes after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Eighteen @entity1 ( @entity460 blocker group) received @entity1855 and/or @entity2399 at some point after ROSC, while eleven @entity1 received standard ACLS therapy (control group). Age, arrest time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, and cerebral ischemic time were comparable in the two groups. In the @entity460 blocker group, seven of 18 @entity1 regained consciousness, and six of these seven survived. All six survivors appeared neurologically normal upon discharge and at three and six months of follow-up. While no demonstrably adverse effects were seen after the administration of @entity2399 , 56% of the @entity1 who received @entity1855 had a significant drop in blood pressure. In the control group, three of 11 @entity1 regained consciousness and two of the three left the hospital alive. Both survivors were disabled--one severely and one moderately. Follow-up after three and six months revealed no significant improvement in their disability. Overall, six of 18 @entity1 experienced clinically complete neurological recovery in the @entity460 blocker group, while none of the 11 @entity1 in the control group made a complete neurological recovery (P = 0.06).

title: Neurological recovery after XXXX : clinical feasibility trial of @entity460 blockers.

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing @entity72311 and its acetylated derivative have been examined in a number of aqueous solvents. Native phi W-14 DNA exhibits a B-type CD spectrum whose characteristics do not entirely conform to what would be expected for its GC content (51%). The conformationally sensitive positive band above 260 nm has a rotational strength greater than that normally found in prokaryotic DNAs of comparable GC content, such as @entity526 DNA. The rotational strength of this band in the spectrum of the heat-denatured form of phi W-14 DNA, however, is similar to that of heat denatured @entity526 DNA. Abolition of the positive charge on the @entity7224 residues of native phi W-14 DNA by reaction with @entity17258 or by acetylation reduces the rotational strength to a level appropriate for its GC content. Increases in the electrolyte content of the solvent have the same effect, although the rotational strength of this band in phi W-14 DNA does not become comparable to that of @entity526 DNA until 6-7 M @entity4113 . Titration to pH 10.6 in solvents of modest electrolyte content, however, fails to appreciably affect the CD spectral properties of either native phi W-14 DNA or the derivative in which half of the secondary and all of the primary @entity1472 groups have been acetylated. On the basis of these results we have concluded that the enhanced rotational strength of the positive band above 260 nm in the CD spectrum of phi W-14 DNA is due to a conformational difference caused by an ion-pair interaction of the positively charged primary @entity1472 groups of @entity7224 with the @entity1391 backbone. The CD spectral properties, however, reveal that these differences, averaged over the entire basepair population, appear to be relatively small. The average conformation, at least in dilute aqueous solutions, seems to be an unexceptional B variant with conformational properties which would be more appropriate for a DNA of higher CG content.

title: The circular dichroism properties of phi W-14 DNA containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity72311 :: ('MESH:C025113', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-putrescinylthymine']

answer: @entity72311 :: (MESH:C025113,Chemical) :: ['alpha-putrescinylthymine']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 after resection of the primary @entity5 were treated with high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon. For a period of 12 weeks the @entity1 received up to 20 X 10(6) IU/m2 im twice weekly. Follow-up varied from 6 to 11 months after stopping treatment. All ten @entity1 were evaluable for @entity5 response and @entity137 . There was one partial response. Nine @entity1 showed growth of metastatic marker lesions. Only three of these @entity1 qualified as having progressive disease (greater than 25% increase in @entity5 mass). The response rate was 10%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.3%-44.5%. @entity137 proved considerable and consisted of flu-like symptoms, @entity1295 , @entity448 , and @entity353 . Fatigue was the single most important dose-limiting factor. There were no drug-related @entity204 . Three @entity1 died 3, 5, and 7 months after stopping treatment. Median survival was 18 months.

title: Phase II trial of high-dose recombinant leukocyte alpha-2 interferon for metastatic XXXX without previous systemic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: To better characterize the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction after @entity583 , we compared radionuclide ventriculograms obtained acutely and 2 weeks after @entity583 in 40 @entity1 . These @entity1 underwent angiography within a mean of 4 hr and 20 min after the onset of symptoms of @entity1188 and either received no therapy (32 @entity1 who were control subjects in a thrombolysis trial) or did not experience reperfusion (eight @entity1 ) despite receiving streptokinase infusions. In all 40 @entity1 , the change in left ventricular ejection fraction over 2 weeks was small (+2.6%). @entity1 were then grouped according to the presence or absence of residual flow on their angiograms. Residual flow was considered to be present in 21 @entity1 , in 12 by virtue of subtotal occlusion of the artery supplying the area of @entity1188 and in nine because of well-developed coronary collaterals to the @entity1188 . Mean change in ejection fraction for @entity1 with residual flow was +6.9 +/- 2.3% vs -2.2 +/- 1.7% for @entity1 without residual flow (p less than .01). Fourteen of 21 (67%) @entity1 with residual flow had a spontaneous rise in ejection fraction of greater than 5%, as compared with two of 19 (11%) @entity1 without residual flow (p less than .01). Time to peak level of @entity908 kinase (CK) was significantly shorter in the residual flow group (15 vs 23 hr, p less than .01), while the peak level of CK was lower (1550 vs 2220 IU) in these @entity1 . This latter difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arteriographic predictors of spontaneous improvement in left ventricular function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['distal infarct artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Using national mortality statistics, we found that @entity1 mortality rates (IMRs) declined among whites and coloureds in the RSA over the period 1970-1983, the decrease in coloured IMR being from 134,8 to 50,7/1 000 and that in white IMR from 21,6 to 12,6/1 000. The decrease in the IMR among coloureds was mainly due to the decline in post-neonatal mortality rates (PNMRs). Since post-neonatal deaths are generally due to @entity1681 , @entity55 , @entity3147 and measles, the decline in mortality is probably due to a decrease in these causes. The decrease in early neonatal mortality made only a small contribution to the decline in the IMR among coloureds. In the case of whites the decrease in the IMR was largely due to the decline in the early neonatal mortality rate (ENMR); these deaths usually result from low birth weight, the @entity649 , @entity1763 and @entity281 . The decline in the PNMR played a minor role. National IMRs for blacks are not reported annually, but IMRs can be calculated for the two census years 1970 and 1980 for blacks in 34 'selected' (urban) magisterial districts, and were 124,4 and 85,9/1 000 respectively. A valid IMR for 'rural' Transkei from a well-conducted epidemiological study was 130/1 000 in 1980. The components of the IMRs for blacks can only be determined for certain urban areas with large black populations such as Soweto (adjacent to Johannesburg), where the IMR fell from 81,4/1 000 in 1970 to 25,5/1 000 in 1983. The decline in the IMR was due to decreases in both the ENMR and the PNMR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Changes in XXXX mortality rates among whites, coloureds and urban blacks in the RSA over the period 1970-1983.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-enteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: @entity3673 in Brazil has received little research attention to date. The disease was investigated in Mata dos Palmitos, a district of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, among soapstone handicraft workers. The district has some 180 inhabitants, of whom 108 are engaged in handicrafts production, while 15 alternate handicrafts production with work in the soapstone quarries. A clinical and occupational investigation was conducted, along with a respiratory symptoms standardized questionnaire, chest x-ray (ILO standard), and spirometry. Clinical data showed a low prevalence of respiratory complaints. @entity1353 was the most frequent symptom. @entity3311 was identified in 12 adult workers. Chest x-rays showed evidence of small lung opacities in 5 workers, and in 11 there was suspicion of the same opacities. One worker showed a plaque-shaped @entity456 . Seven workers showed abnormal spirometry. The soapstone dust composition showed breathable asbestos fibers from the @entity51384 group ( @entity25832 -actinolite). The results suggest talc @entity1355 occurrence among soapstone handicraft workers.

title: [ XXXX among soapstone handicraft workers in a rural area of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil].

entities_list: @entity25832 :: ('MESH:C005846', 'Chemical') :: ['tremolite']

entities_list: @entity51384 :: ('CHEBI:46677', 'Chemical') :: ['amphibole']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['Talc pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity3673 :: (MESH:D011009,Disease) :: ['Talc pneumoconiosis']


abstract: @entity1337 is one of the physician's genuine challenges. @entity158 makes the @entity1 suffering and leads to unfavourable somatic effects as well, which may have negative outcome effects. Sufficient perioperative @entity1337 depends on well defined organizational conditions. General responsibility, indication, choice and dosage of drugs should be defined in advance to enable a prompt and sufficient reaction in normal cases. Systemic @entity1337 is simply to perform and the cornerstone of perioperative @entity1337 . Non-opioid analgesics are indicated in minor and limited @entity158 . If necessary, opioids are added. Opioids are very powerful analgesics and-in principle-sufficient to meet all clinical challenges. Special syringe pumps allow a @entity1 controlled @entity1337 (PCA) under fixed conditions. Regional anaesthesia via catheter is powerful as well and avoids systemic opioid side effects. In these cases as well, a continuous or @entity1 controlled @entity1337 is possible.

title: [Perioperative XXXX therapy in trauma @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1337 is one of the physician's genuine challenges. @entity158 makes the @entity1 suffering and leads to unfavourable somatic effects as well, which may have negative outcome effects. Sufficient perioperative @entity1337 depends on well defined organizational conditions. General responsibility, indication, choice and dosage of drugs should be defined in advance to enable a prompt and sufficient reaction in normal cases. Systemic @entity1337 is simply to perform and the cornerstone of perioperative @entity1337 . Non-opioid analgesics are indicated in minor and limited @entity158 . If necessary, opioids are added. Opioids are very powerful analgesics and-in principle-sufficient to meet all clinical challenges. Special syringe pumps allow a @entity1 controlled @entity1337 (PCA) under fixed conditions. Regional anaesthesia via catheter is powerful as well and avoids systemic opioid side effects. In these cases as well, a continuous or @entity1 controlled @entity1337 is possible.

title: [Perioperative @entity158 therapy in trauma XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Geographic patterns of suicide are associated with area levels of social @entity1949 . It is unknown whether this reflects higher levels of severe @entity1032 in socially fragmented areas. METHOD: Data on @entity146 inpatient admissions and suicides amongst @entity1 aged 15-64 living in the City of Bristol [1991-1992] were postcode matched to the city's 34 electoral wards. Ecological associations of @entity146 admission (used as a 'proxy' measure of prevalence of severe @entity1032 ) and suicide rates with levels of social @entity1949 were investigated using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Psychiatric hospital admission rates were higher in areas with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation than in areas with high levels of social @entity1949 . In contrast, associations with suicide were stronger in relation to social @entity1949 than socioeconomic deprivation. Association of suicide with social @entity1949 was only moderately attenuated in models controlling for @entity146 admission rate and socio-economic deprivation, RR 1.23 (95 % C. I. 1.09-1.38) per quartile increase in social @entity1949 , compared to 1.29 (95% C. I. 1.16-1.44) before adjustment. CONCLUSION: The association between social @entity1949 and suicide is not explained by socioeconomic deprivation or the prevalence of severe @entity1032 within socially fragmented areas as measured by @entity146 admission rate.

title: Social fragmentation, severe XXXX and suicide.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: To ascertain whether changes in the pattern of @entity1176 release from the hypothalmus occur during the 4-day @entity35 estrous cycle, the pattern of LH release was characterized on each day of the estrous cycle, and the results were interpreted in light of the changes in pituitary responsiveness to @entity1176 previously described by this laboratory to occur during this time. Blood samples were taken from intact, freely moving @entity35 via venous catheters at 6- to 10-min intervals for 3-4 h. LH pulse height and LH interpulse interval were quantified on each day of the cycle, and the transition on the afternoon of proestrus from tonic LH release to the preovulatory LH surge was detailed. The effects on the pattern of LH release during estrus of small doses of @entity1176 (0.4 ng) and the continuous infusion of the opioid antagonist @entity1510 were also examined. Plasma LH concentrations (NIAMDD @entity35 LH-RP-1) were determined with a highly sensitive LH RIA. LH pulses were identified using the PULSAR algorithim. The LH interpulse intervals of 46 +/- 2 min on diestrous-1 day, 49 +/- 4 min on diestrous day 2, and 60 +/- 8 min on proestrus immediately before the LH surge were not significantly different. There were no changes immediately preceding the preovulatory LH surge on the afternoon of proestrus in either the LH interpulse interval or the LH pulse height. Instead, the transition from tonic LH secretion to the preovulatory LH surge was found to occur abruptly. These data suggest that an abrupt increase in @entity1176 secretion during the afternoon of proestrus initiates the dramatic rise in LH concentrations. The pattern of LH secretion during the day of estrus differed significantly from that on the other days of the cycle in that no LH pulses were observed. However, the administration of small pulses of @entity1176 elicited physiological elevations in LH release. Furthermore, the continuous infusion of @entity1510 to estrous @entity35 immediately stimulated a pulsatile pattern of LH secretion, with a LH interpulse of 56 +/- 4 min. These data indicate that the absence of LH pulses during estrus may result from a deficit in @entity1176 release. Similar modifications in @entity1176 release during the other days of the cycle were inferred from the observed changes in LH pulse heights. The LH pulse height of 21 +/- 3 ng/ml on diestrous day 2 was significantly less than the LH pulse height of 41 +/- 4 ng/ml on diestrous day 1 or 35 +/- 4 ng/ml on proestrus before the surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Changes in the pulsatile pattern of luteinizing hormone secretion during the XXXX estrous cycle.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review our experience of treating 13 neonates with @entity356 ( @entity356 ) over the past 23 years. METHODS: The records of all 13 @entity1 were reviewed, noting gender, weight, gestational age, age at admission, associated anomalies, site of perforation, type of operation, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: There were 11 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 , with a mean body weight of 2 375 g, including 4 (45%) preterm @entity1 . The mean age at admission was 3.2 days. Three (23%) @entity1 had associated anomalies. Perforation occurred in the lesser curvature and anterior wall in 3 (23%) @entity1 , at the greater curvature and anterior wall in 2 (15.4%), in @entity39 of anterior wall in 1 (7.7%), at the esophageal junction and posterior wall in 2 (15.4%), at the lesser curvature and posterior wall in 1 (7.7%), at the lesser curvature and esophageal junction in 1 (7.7%), and the site was not specified in 3 (23%). Twelve @entity1 were treated with gastrorrhaphy and drainage, and 1 was treated with gastrorrhaphy alone. Three @entity1 required additional gastrostomy. Mortality was 53.8% (n = 7). Early diagnosis and management before clinical deterioration of the metabolic status improved the prognosis. CONCLUSION: The pattern of presentation and surgical findings should be investigated comparatively in premature and full-term neonates, as the etiology of this condition is likely to differ in these two gestational groups.

title: XXXX : review of 23 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['GP', 'gastric perforation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Neonatal gastric perforation']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity2531 represent an expensive problem group of the healthcare system characterized by inappropriately high medical costs. This paper describes a controlled inpatient treatment study using a cognitive-behavioral approach. The aim of this treatment program was to improve the @entity1 ' symptomatology and their psychosocial functioning, as well as reducing unnecessary medical costs. We treated 172 @entity1 with @entity2531 (DSM-IV) and compared them with 262 @entity1 of a waiting control list. An additional control group consisted of 123 @entity1 with other @entity146 . Direct and indirect illness-related costs for the two-year periods before and after treatment were re-calculated using objective data provided by the health insurance companies. The results show a marked improvement in the areas of bodily complaints, health anxieties, dysfunctional beliefs towards body and health, @entity308 and @entity73 . The medical costs in the post-treatment period decreased by 1,098 @entity7634 (-36.7 %) for inpatient and 382 @entity7634 (-24.5 %) for outpatient treatments. Indirect costs due to days lost from work were 6,702 @entity7634 (-35.3 %) lower than during the two-years before treatment. The treatment costs had amortized after 21.5 months. We identified a subgroup of high-utilizing somatoform @entity1 for which per @entity1 savings of 32,174 @entity7634 (-63.9 %) were found. These results confirm that the cognitive-behavioral approach is effective in improving complaints as well as reducing the health-economical @entity2531 .

title: [Effects and cost-effectiveness analysis of inpatient treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairments']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders', 'burden of somatoform disorders']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform disorders']


abstract: Systemic @entity101 is a common cause of @entity712 . However, left ventricular (LV) systolic function remains normal for many years in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity101 . In this study, high-quality M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in 7 @entity1 with borderline @entity101 , 14 @entity1 with mild @entity101 and 15 normal @entity1 . Measures of systolic and diastolic LV function and the degree of @entity4346 were studied with the assistance of a tablet digitizer and dedicated microcomputer. Average blood pressure was 125 +/- 10/77 +/- 7 mm Hg in normal subjects, 146 +/- 18/92 +/- 2 mm Hg in @entity1 with borderline @entity101 and 150 +/- 11/102 +/- 4 in @entity1 with mild @entity101 . Indexes of systolic LV function were similar in all 3 groups. The peak rate of early relaxation of the LV posterior wall was significantly decreased in the group of @entity1 with mild @entity101 (4.7 vs 6.6 @entity8639 , p less than 0.01). The mitral valve closure rate was 150 +/- 32 mm/s in normal subjects, 119 +/- 35 mm/s in @entity1 with borderline @entity101 and 106 +/- 26 mm/s (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 with mild @entity101 . Mild @entity4346 was present in 6 of 7 @entity1 with borderline and 13 of 14 @entity1 with mild @entity101 . The degree of @entity1184 and the level of blood pressure correlated poorly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Echocardiographic assessment by computer-assisted analysis of diastolic left ventricular function and @entity1184 in borderline or mild systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Systemic @entity101 is a common cause of @entity712 . However, left ventricular (LV) systolic function remains normal for many years in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity101 . In this study, high-quality M-mode echocardiograms were recorded in 7 @entity1 with borderline @entity101 , 14 @entity1 with mild @entity101 and 15 normal @entity1 . Measures of systolic and diastolic LV function and the degree of @entity4346 were studied with the assistance of a tablet digitizer and dedicated microcomputer. Average blood pressure was 125 +/- 10/77 +/- 7 mm Hg in normal subjects, 146 +/- 18/92 +/- 2 mm Hg in @entity1 with borderline @entity101 and 150 +/- 11/102 +/- 4 in @entity1 with mild @entity101 . Indexes of systolic LV function were similar in all 3 groups. The peak rate of early relaxation of the LV posterior wall was significantly decreased in the group of @entity1 with mild @entity101 (4.7 vs 6.6 @entity8639 , p less than 0.01). The mitral valve closure rate was 150 +/- 32 mm/s in normal subjects, 119 +/- 35 mm/s in @entity1 with borderline @entity101 and 106 +/- 26 mm/s (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 with mild @entity101 . Mild @entity4346 was present in 6 of 7 @entity1 with borderline and 13 of 14 @entity1 with mild @entity101 . The degree of @entity1184 and the level of blood pressure correlated poorly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Echocardiographic assessment by computer-assisted analysis of diastolic left ventricular function and XXXX in borderline or mild systemic @entity101 .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: The presence of macrophage and granulocyte progenitor cells in the @entity1 peripheral blood enabled the establishment of colonies from this accessible tissue and obviated the need for bone marrow to achieve this task. We have developed a method of obtaining reproducible growth of macrophage/granulocyte colonies from @entity1 peripheral blood. Colonies of macrophages and granulocytes were obtained by plating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in @entity7522 containing medium in the presence of medium conditioned by nonstimulated PBM (CM). At early stages of colony growth both macrophage and granulocyte colonies were detected while following 20-25 days in culture all colonies tested revealed monocyte-macrophage morphology. To obtain higher numbers of colonies, we tested different cell sources, different CM preparations and the effect of @entity134 hormones on colony development. We found that the mononuclear cells obtained from cord blood (CB) or from some @entity1 with @entity29 yielded much higher numbers of colonies than PBM from normal individuals. Colony development from these two sources did not depend on an external source of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) but was augmented as a result of @entity2841 supplementation. CM obtained from CB mononuclear cells as well as supernatants from some @entity1 monoblastic cell lines were similar in their @entity2841 activity to CM from normal PBM and made possible the development of macrophage/granulocyte colonies. Higher numbers of colonies were induced by including physiological concentrations of @entity53 in the culture medium, in the absence of external sources of @entity2841 . The system described above enabled the analysis of cloned macrophages and their circulating progenitor cells as well as the assay of different preparations of @entity2841 .

title: Development of macrophage and granulocyte colonies from XXXX peripheral blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF', 'colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The severely mangled extremity presents a challenge in appropriate surgical management. Very few objective data were found about this problem. To clarify the situation, criteria for a "mangled extremity' were defined, a multidisciplined approach employed, and a retrospective graduated grading system developed. Sixty consecutive @entity130 @entity1 with severely injured extremities during the past 3 years were reviewed. Seventeen @entity1 fit the category of Mangled Extremity Syndrome (M.E.S.). Injuries were retrospectively classified using a graduated grading system directed at four major tissue systems of the extremity involved (integument, nerve, artery, and bone). Additional scoring items were included to define the significance of @entity130 sustained outside the extremities. @entity1 who ultimately came to amputation could have been identified preoperatively at initial emergency evaluation utilizing this graduated grading system. Retrospective data suggest that a Mangled Extremity Syndrome Index (M.E.S.I.) of 20 is the dividing line below which functional limb salvage can be expected and above which limb salvage is improbable. Prospective application of this system, as well as an organized multidisciplined approach, could be useful in the identification of functionally retrievable versus probably irretrievable extremities, thus identifying and helping define the indications for amputation. The grading system criteria and results in these 17 @entity1 form the basis of this report.

title: The mangled extremity syndrome (M.E.S.): a severity grading system for multisystem XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury of the extremity']


abstract: Home monitoring for @entity386 @entity1 has been called a stressful situation for family members. A 28-item questionnaire was used to ascertain the impact of home monitoring on the families of @entity1 with infantile @entity386 . Forty of 71 families returned the questionnaire. The majority of respondents felt the stress of home monitoring to be minimal (42.5%) to moderate (37.5%). All respondents favored home monitoring with 80% of parents reporting that the monitor had alerted them to at least one significant @entity386 or @entity1168 episode during the first month of use. Half of parents reported more than five significant alarms in the first month of use. Financial hardship on the family was reported to be minimal. A few parents related significant strain on marital and other sibling-parent relationships. Concerns most commonly voiced were mechanical problems (70%), difficulty in locating qualified and willing babysitters (62.5%), and desire for more concrete information from the physician regarding the @entity1 's medical problem (40.0%). These results confirm good acceptance of home monitors by the family and offer direction in dealing with the families' primary concerns.

title: Family acceptance of home XXXX monitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: Specific metabolic features, such as @entity2227 reuptake, have been associated with normal functions of mature astrocytes. In this study, we examined whether these characteristics are acquired together with classical phenotypic markers of differentiated astrocytes. Differentiation of E14 @entity19 neurospheres into astrocytes was induced by the addition of @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ). Degree of differentiation was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence for both @entity9327 and nestin. Neural stem cells expressed nestin but not @entity9327 , while differentiated astrocytes were immunopositive for @entity9327 but displayed low levels of nestin expression. A strong increase in the expression of the @entity2227 transporter @entity25842 and the @entity3338 transporter @entity34742 accompanied phenotypic changes. In addition, active @entity2227 transport appeared in differentiated astrocytes, as well as their capacity to increase aerobic glycolysis in response to @entity2227 . @entity1778 inhibitory factor ( @entity22618 ) and ciliary neurotrophic factor, but not @entity777 , triggered the expression of phenotypic and morphological characteristics of astrocytes. In addition, exposure to @entity22618 led to the appearance of metabolic features typically associated with astrocytes. Altogether, our results show that acquisition of some specific metabolic features by astrocytes occurs early in their differentiation process and that @entity22618 represents a candidate signal to induce their expression.

title: Early acquisition of typical metabolic features upon differentiation of XXXX neural stem cells into astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In the management of @entity1 with @entity340 , an understanding of the effects of altered loading conditions on the left ventricle is important in reaching a proper decision concerning the timing of corrective operation. In acquired @entity340 , @entity1184 generally maintains left ventricular chamber size and ejection fraction within normal limits, but in late stage disease function can deteriorate as preload reserve is lost and @entity472 progresses. In this setting, even when the ejection fraction is markedly reduced (less than 25%), it can improve to normal after aortic valve replacement, suggesting that afterload mismatch rather than irreversibly depressed myocardial contractility was responsible for @entity1002 . Therefore, @entity1 with severe @entity472 and symptoms should not be denied operation because of @entity299 . In chronic severe aortic and @entity339 , operation is generally recommended when symptoms are present, but whether to recommend operation to prevent irreversible @entity296 in @entity1 with few or no symptoms has remained controversial. In @entity337 , left ventricular function generally improves postoperatively, even if it is moderately impaired preoperatively, indicating correction of afterload mismatch. Most such @entity1 can be carefully followed by echocardiography. However, in some @entity1 , severe left @entity67 fails to improve postoperatively. Therefore, when echocardiographic studies in the @entity1 with severe @entity337 show an ejection fraction of less than 40% (fractional shortening less than 25%) plus enlarging left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (approaching 38 mm/m2 body surface area) and end-systolic diameter (approaching 50 mm or 26 mm/m2), confirmation of these findings by cardiac catheterization and consideration of operation are advisable even in @entity1 with minimal symptoms. In chronic @entity339 , maintenance of a normal ejection fraction can mask depressed myocardial contractility. Pre- and postoperative studies in such @entity1 have shown a poor clinical result after mitral valve replacement, associated with a sharp decrease in the ejection fraction after operation. This response appears to reflect unmasking of decreased myocardial contractility by mitral valve replacement, with ejection of the total @entity64 volume into the high impedance of the aorta (afterload mismatch produced by operation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Afterload mismatch in aortic and XXXX : implications for surgical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis', 'valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral valve disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many endocrine surgeons advocate subtotal adrenalectomy for @entity1 with bilateral @entity74 despite the risk of recurrence. However, as the effectiveness of this procedure for locally recurrent @entity1911 is not well known, we investigated two @entity1 who underwent this operation. METHODS: We performed repeat subtotal adrenalectomy for recurrent @entity74 in two @entity1 who had undergone primary subtotal adrenalectomy. RESULTS: @entity1 1 was a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity13081 , in whom about 25% of the right adrenal gland was left in situ. @entity1 2 was a 22-year-old @entity1 with @entity280 , in whom about 25% of both normal adrenal glands was left in situ. No @entity134 replacement was required postoperatively, and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation revealed sufficient adrenocortical function in both @entity1 . No sign of recurrent @entity1911 has been found in 96 months and 11 months of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: Recurrent hereditary benign @entity1911 after subtotal adrenalectomy may be treated successfully by repeated subtotal adrenalectomy. However, the risk of recurrence and @entity5 must be weighed carefully against the risk of lifelong @entity134 replacement and potential @entity3935 . Thus, repeated subtotal adrenalectomy should be considered for selective @entity1 who want to avoid @entity134 replacement.

title: Repeat adrenocortical-sparing adrenalectomy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['Addisonian crisis']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are different reports in the literature how often @entity86 occurs after laser resection of @entity135 . This retrospective study investigates the frequency of @entity86 after laser surgery of @entity135 . Time and extent of @entity548 have been considered as well as the localization of the primary @entity5 and possible general risk factors. METHODS AND @entity1 : Between 1998 and 2001, microscopic laser surgery was performed in 223 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity957 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic region and the hypopharynx. In case of ultrasonographic or palpable evidence of cervical @entity3329 surgery included subsequent neck dissection. The mean age of the @entity1 was 59.2 year. RESULTS: @entity86 occurred in 14 out of 223 @entity1 (6 %). It was 9 % for @entity1697 , @entity1 10 % for @entity189 , 5 % for @entity189 and none for glottic and @entity189 . 5 @entity1 were treated conservatively, 4 @entity1 were controlled bei cautery and ligation, 1 @entity1 was treated with ligation of the lingual artery and in 2 cases ligation of the external carotid artery was performed. 1 @entity1 had a fatal @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-surgical resection of @entity135 does not lead to a higher incidence of @entity548 complications compared to ordinary surgery.

title: [ XXXX after laser surgery in head and @entity135 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'head-and-neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'supraglottic carcinoma', 'hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are different reports in the literature how often @entity86 occurs after laser resection of @entity135 . This retrospective study investigates the frequency of @entity86 after laser surgery of @entity135 . Time and extent of @entity548 have been considered as well as the localization of the primary @entity5 and possible general risk factors. METHODS AND @entity1 : Between 1998 and 2001, microscopic laser surgery was performed in 223 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity957 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic region and the hypopharynx. In case of ultrasonographic or palpable evidence of cervical @entity3329 surgery included subsequent neck dissection. The mean age of the @entity1 was 59.2 year. RESULTS: @entity86 occurred in 14 out of 223 @entity1 (6 %). It was 9 % for @entity1697 , @entity1 10 % for @entity189 , 5 % for @entity189 and none for glottic and @entity189 . 5 @entity1 were treated conservatively, 4 @entity1 were controlled bei cautery and ligation, 1 @entity1 was treated with ligation of the lingual artery and in 2 cases ligation of the external carotid artery was performed. 1 @entity1 had a fatal @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-surgical resection of @entity135 does not lead to a higher incidence of @entity548 complications compared to ordinary surgery.

title: [ @entity86 after laser surgery in head and XXXX ].

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck tumors']


abstract: Hepatic vein flow can be reliably measured because Doppler sampling volumes are easily oriented parallel with the course of the hepatic vein. In this study, the relationship between the Doppler signal in the hepatic vein and the external jugular vein pulse was evaluated, and the contribution of the Doppler echocardiography to the quantitative diagnosis of @entity997 was also assessed. The subjects consisted of five healthy @entity1 , four @entity1 with lone @entity955 , 27 @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery, and 34 @entity1 with @entity997 . The severity of the regurgitation was judged by right ventriculography and inferior caval angiography. The pattern of the Doppler hepatic vein flow mimicked that of the jugular phlebogram in each @entity1 . The normal hepatic vein flow consisted of two forward flows toward the heart; one in systole; the other, in diastole, and one retrograde flow toward the liver during atrial contraction. In @entity1 with lone @entity955 , a systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in the systolic forward flow was observed, though there was no @entity997 . In @entity1 who had cardiac surgery, a systolic backward flow toward the liver or a decrease in the systolic forward flow was usual. However, a prominent systolic backward flow toward the liver was observed in @entity1 with severe @entity997 , and a decreased systolic forward flow toward the heart was observed in @entity1 with moderate @entity997 in sinus rhythm. We concluded that Doppler measurement of hepatic vein flow does not contribute to the diagnosis of @entity997 in the presence of @entity955 or in postoperative conditions, but that it is useful in identifying severe @entity997 .

title: [ XXXX evaluated by Doppler hepatic vein flow patterns].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 in XXXX samples and @entity421 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma tumor']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma tumor']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 in @entity421 samples and XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors XXXX and @entity23903 / @entity23903 in @entity421 samples and @entity421 cell lines.

answer: @entity45317 :: (8717,Gene) :: ['TRADD']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity45317 and XXXX / @entity23903 in @entity421 samples and @entity421 cell lines.

answer: @entity23903 :: (8772,Gene) :: ['FADD']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / XXXX in @entity421 samples and @entity421 cell lines.

answer: @entity23903 :: (8772,Gene) :: ['MORT-1']


abstract: Preventive medicine is supposed to be important for reducing bed-ridden ('netakiri', in Japanese) or frail elderly @entity1 . Previous studies showed that only about 30% of the bed-ridden elderly had decreased their ADL levels directly due to diseases, such as @entity66 or @entity173 . One of the other important causes of 'Netakiri' is @entity2537 . A few weeks after staying in bed, not only muscle power but also bone mineral density and intellectual interest often decrease in the elderly. Rehabilitation in daily life is expected to prevent @entity2537 . House-bound ('tojikomori', in Japanese) is supposed to be another cause of reduction of ADL. There are miscellaneous causes of tojikomori. Aging is one of the most important factors, but cannot be modified. Physical, mental, social or environmental factors are also important. Participation in social activity, improvement of intellectual interest and habitual physical excise, as well as prevention of diseases, is expected to be useful for preventing 'tojikomori' and 'netakiri' in the elderly.

title: [Strategies to reduce bed-ridden or house-bound elderly XXXX in Japan].

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['disused syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: RATIONALE: Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced @entity1002 , but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) and @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in @entity35 . METHODS: Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in @entity35 by PAB. After establishment of adaptive @entity8158 4 weeks after surgery, @entity35 were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, @entity10319 , or @entity2052 . RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of @entity10319 were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in @entity1 myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity10319 treatment did not prevent the development of @entity8158 and was associated with @entity67 , capillary rarefaction, @entity82 , and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor @entity2052 . With @entity10319 treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity34313 , which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. @entity10319 dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and @entity34313 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS: HDAC inhibition is associated with @entity409 and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.

title: Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right XXXX after pulmonary artery banding in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['RV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: RATIONALE: Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced @entity1002 , but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) and @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in @entity35 . METHODS: Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in @entity35 by PAB. After establishment of adaptive @entity8158 4 weeks after surgery, @entity35 were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, @entity10319 , or @entity2052 . RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of @entity10319 were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in @entity1 myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity10319 treatment did not prevent the development of @entity8158 and was associated with @entity67 , capillary rarefaction, @entity82 , and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor @entity2052 . With @entity10319 treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity34313 , which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. @entity10319 dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and @entity34313 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS: HDAC inhibition is associated with @entity409 and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.

title: Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right @entity67 after pulmonary artery banding in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Procedural @entity583 is a frequent complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) have been shown to reduce @entity63 events in the setting of acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity712 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether chronic ACE-I treatment prior to PCI reduces the incidence of procedural @entity583 . METHODS: The study cohort included consecutive @entity1 from January 2003 to August 2004 undergoing PCI with normal baseline serum @entity1011 kinase (CK) and cardiac CK isoform (CK-MB) (n = 265). Procedural @entity583 was defined as CK-MB elevation >=  3 times the upper limit of normal. RESULTS: @entity1 on chronic ACE-I had a higher baseline prevalence of adverse prognostic features including @entity6 (p = 0.02) and a trend towards a lower incidence of drug-eluting stent use (p = 0.07). Using multiple logistic regression, @entity1 on chronic ACE-I therapy (n = 138) had a 64% reduction in procedural @entity583 compared with those not on ACE-I (n = 127; odds ratio = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals 0.13-0.99; p = 0.05). Long-term outcomes, including @entity204 and major adverse @entity299 (MACE) (combined total of @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity75 revascularization were similar in the two groups. Procedural @entity583 was, however, associated with increased MACE during follow up (60% vs. 35.4%; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: Chronic ACE-I therapy before PCI may reduce the incidence of procedural @entity583 .

title: Effect of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on myocardial injury in XXXX undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is well known that @entity419 PET has a high average false-negative rate of 40%-50% in the @entity157 ( @entity157 ). This is not an acceptable accuracy, particularly in countries where this @entity5 is prevalent. In this study, we evaluated prospectively the characteristics of @entity18808 and @entity419 metabolism in @entity157 and other @entity409 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were recruited into this study, with masses consisting of 39 @entity157 ; 3 @entity201 ; 10 hepatic metastases from lung, breast, colon, and @entity4303 primary @entity5 ; and 5 benign pathologies, including @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), @entity652 , and @entity2695 . All @entity1 , except 2 with typical findings of @entity2695 and 3 clinically obvious metastases, were confirmed histopathologically by liver biopsy or resection. All @entity1 fasted for at least 6 h and blood @entity413 concentration was measured before they underwent dual PET radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the upper abdomen with @entity18808 and @entity419 . RESULTS: In the subgroup of @entity157 @entity1 with the number of lesions < or = 3 (32 @entity1 ; 55 lesions; mean size +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 1.9 cm), the sensitivity of detection by @entity18808 is 87.3% ((11)C-acetate maximum SUV [SUV(max)] = 7.32 +/- 2.02, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.96 +/- 0.63), whereas the sensitivity of detection by @entity419 is only 47.3%, and 34% lesions show uptake of both tracers. None of the lesions was negative for both tracers (100% sensitivity using both tracers). In some lesions and in the subgroup of @entity157 @entity1 (n = 7) with multifocal or diffuse disease, dual-tracer uptake by different parts of the @entity5 is demonstrated. Histopathologic correlation suggests that the well-differentiated @entity96 are detected by @entity18808 and the poorly differentiated types are detected by @entity419 . All 16 non- @entity157 malignant ( @entity201 and metastatic) liver lesions do not show abnormal @entity18808 metabolism. Of the benign liver lesions, only @entity4383 shows mildly increased @entity18808 activities ( @entity18808 SUV(max) = 3.59, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.25). CONCLUSION: @entity18808 has a high sensitivity and specificity as a radiotracer complementary to @entity419 in PET imaging of @entity157 and evaluation of other @entity409 .

title: XXXX PET imaging in hepatocellular @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver masses']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'detection of hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity18808 :: (MESH:C438206,Chemical) :: ['11C-acetate']


abstract: It is well known that @entity419 PET has a high average false-negative rate of 40%-50% in the @entity157 ( @entity157 ). This is not an acceptable accuracy, particularly in countries where this @entity5 is prevalent. In this study, we evaluated prospectively the characteristics of @entity18808 and @entity419 metabolism in @entity157 and other @entity409 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were recruited into this study, with masses consisting of 39 @entity157 ; 3 @entity201 ; 10 hepatic metastases from lung, breast, colon, and @entity4303 primary @entity5 ; and 5 benign pathologies, including @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), @entity652 , and @entity2695 . All @entity1 , except 2 with typical findings of @entity2695 and 3 clinically obvious metastases, were confirmed histopathologically by liver biopsy or resection. All @entity1 fasted for at least 6 h and blood @entity413 concentration was measured before they underwent dual PET radiopharmaceutical evaluation of the upper abdomen with @entity18808 and @entity419 . RESULTS: In the subgroup of @entity157 @entity1 with the number of lesions < or = 3 (32 @entity1 ; 55 lesions; mean size +/- SD, 3.5 +/- 1.9 cm), the sensitivity of detection by @entity18808 is 87.3% ((11)C-acetate maximum SUV [SUV(max)] = 7.32 +/- 2.02, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.96 +/- 0.63), whereas the sensitivity of detection by @entity419 is only 47.3%, and 34% lesions show uptake of both tracers. None of the lesions was negative for both tracers (100% sensitivity using both tracers). In some lesions and in the subgroup of @entity157 @entity1 (n = 7) with multifocal or diffuse disease, dual-tracer uptake by different parts of the @entity5 is demonstrated. Histopathologic correlation suggests that the well-differentiated @entity96 are detected by @entity18808 and the poorly differentiated types are detected by @entity419 . All 16 non- @entity157 malignant ( @entity201 and metastatic) liver lesions do not show abnormal @entity18808 metabolism. Of the benign liver lesions, only @entity4383 shows mildly increased @entity18808 activities ( @entity18808 SUV(max) = 3.59, with a lesion-to-normal liver ratio of 1.25). CONCLUSION: @entity18808 has a high sensitivity and specificity as a radiotracer complementary to @entity419 in PET imaging of @entity157 and evaluation of other @entity409 .

title: @entity18808 PET imaging in hepatocellular XXXX .

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['carcinoma and other liver masses']