abstract: In monkeys anesthetized with 70% @entity3810 and 0.5% inspired @entity1508 in @entity26 , we measured changes in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flows produced by @entity1854 and @entity13673 . Regional blood flow measurements were made using the radioactive microsphere technique. Control measurements were made before infusion of @entity1854 and @entity13673 into each animal in sequence in amounts adequate to reduce mean arterial pressure to approximately 55 +/- 5 mm Hg. Measurements were made during each drug infusion after a stable period of @entity551 lasting at least 30 min. During @entity1854 infusion, cerebral blood flow remained unchanged, but myocardial blood flow increased significantly. However, pressure-rate product, an indirect measure of myocardial @entity26 consumption, was unchanged, implying that myocardial blood flow exceeded myocardial @entity26 requirement. During @entity13673 infusion, cerebral blood flow decreased, although cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was unchanged due to increased @entity26 extraction by the brain. @entity13673 also produced a decrease in myocardial blood flow that was in proportion to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 requirement as indicated by pressure-rate product. Neither drug produced changes in @entity99 . We conclude that brain @entity26 reserve is decreased during @entity551 induced by @entity13673 . Blood flows to other organs are not significantly impaired in monkeys during @entity551 to a mean arterial pressure of approximately 55 mm Hg induced by either @entity1854 or @entity13673 .

title: Regional blood flows during induced XXXX produced by @entity1854 or @entity13673 in the rhesus monkey.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: In monkeys anesthetized with 70% @entity3810 and 0.5% inspired @entity1508 in @entity26 , we measured changes in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flows produced by @entity1854 and @entity13673 . Regional blood flow measurements were made using the radioactive microsphere technique. Control measurements were made before infusion of @entity1854 and @entity13673 into each animal in sequence in amounts adequate to reduce mean arterial pressure to approximately 55 +/- 5 mm Hg. Measurements were made during each drug infusion after a stable period of @entity551 lasting at least 30 min. During @entity1854 infusion, cerebral blood flow remained unchanged, but myocardial blood flow increased significantly. However, pressure-rate product, an indirect measure of myocardial @entity26 consumption, was unchanged, implying that myocardial blood flow exceeded myocardial @entity26 requirement. During @entity13673 infusion, cerebral blood flow decreased, although cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was unchanged due to increased @entity26 extraction by the brain. @entity13673 also produced a decrease in myocardial blood flow that was in proportion to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 requirement as indicated by pressure-rate product. Neither drug produced changes in @entity99 . We conclude that brain @entity26 reserve is decreased during @entity551 induced by @entity13673 . Blood flows to other organs are not significantly impaired in monkeys during @entity551 to a mean arterial pressure of approximately 55 mm Hg induced by either @entity1854 or @entity13673 .

title: Regional blood flows during induced @entity551 produced by @entity1854 or XXXX in the rhesus monkey.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['renal or total hepatic blood flows']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethaphan', 'trimethaphan']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity13673 :: (MESH:D014294,Chemical) :: ['trimethaphan']


abstract: @entity195 has been detected in nine unrelated, commercial rabbitries. During the acute stage of the disease, recently weaned @entity95 showed profuse watery @entity294 . Mortality was between 14.2 and 41.2% during the first three weeks of the outbreaks. In surviving animals, there was a chronic evolution with @entity308 , @entity448 , loss of weight and sometimes extreme @entity3085 . Reproduction animals were less badly affected. Multifocal @entity99 , focal @entity296 , patches of @entity39 in ileum, caecum and colon and marked caecal @entity4 were most prominent at autopsy. In histological sections of the liver, bundles of slightly Gram-negative and Giemsa-, PAS- and @entity575 -positive rod-shaped bacilli were established in apparently viable hepatocytes bordering foci of @entity39 . They were also present in myocytes around @entity39 foci in the heart and in enterocytes and smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae of the intestinal mucosa. Transmission electron microscopy showed that these organisms had a similar ultrastructure as Bacillus piliformis. Most antibiotics used failed to combat the disease. Only @entity5385 was active.

title: Naturally-occurring @entity195 (Bacillus piliformis infection) in commercial XXXX : a clinical and pathological study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'mucosal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Tyzzer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity195 has been detected in nine unrelated, commercial rabbitries. During the acute stage of the disease, recently weaned @entity95 showed profuse watery @entity294 . Mortality was between 14.2 and 41.2% during the first three weeks of the outbreaks. In surviving animals, there was a chronic evolution with @entity308 , @entity448 , loss of weight and sometimes extreme @entity3085 . Reproduction animals were less badly affected. Multifocal @entity99 , focal @entity296 , patches of @entity39 in ileum, caecum and colon and marked caecal @entity4 were most prominent at autopsy. In histological sections of the liver, bundles of slightly Gram-negative and Giemsa-, PAS- and @entity575 -positive rod-shaped bacilli were established in apparently viable hepatocytes bordering foci of @entity39 . They were also present in myocytes around @entity39 foci in the heart and in enterocytes and smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae of the intestinal mucosa. Transmission electron microscopy showed that these organisms had a similar ultrastructure as Bacillus piliformis. Most antibiotics used failed to combat the disease. Only @entity5385 was active.

title: Naturally-occurring XXXX (Bacillus piliformis infection) in commercial @entity95 : a clinical and pathological study.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Tyzzer's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 carries a high mortality and necessitates intervention to achieve @entity295 control. The surgical strategy for proven infected @entity39 has evolved, with abandonment of open necrosectomy to a step-up approach consisting of percutaneous drains and @entity8678 ( @entity8678 ). We present a case that underwent @entity8678 complicated by @entity548 and @entity694 and describe its management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 38 year-old male with acute @entity788 developed @entity788 . Initial treatment was by percutaneous drainage under radiological guidance and intravenous antibiotics. The @entity39 was then debrided using gasless laparoscopy through a mini-incision. Post-operatively, he developed @entity548 which was controlled with angioembolisation. He also developed a descending @entity694 which was treated with laparotomy and defunctioning loop ileostomy. He recovered and subsequently had his ileostomy closed twelve months later. The @entity694 recurred and was treated with endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue injection and finally closed. DISCUSSION: Step-up approach consists of the 3 D's: Delay, drain and debride. @entity8678 is recommended as it is replicable in general surgical units using standard laparoscopic instruments. Bleeding and colon perforation are potential complications which must have multi-disciplinary input, aggressive resuscitation and timely radiologic intervention. Defunctioning ileostomy is recommended to control @entity295 in @entity694 . Novel fistula closing methods using endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue are potential treatment options. CONCLUSION: Step-up approach and @entity8678 is the new paradigm to treat @entity788 . Complications of @entity548 and @entity694 are uncommon and require multi-disciplinary management.

title: Step-up approach and video assisted retroperitoneal debridement in XXXX : A case complicated by retroperitoneal @entity548 and @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis', 'infected necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'infected retroperitoneal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['VARD', 'Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation', 'colon fistula', 'colonic fistula', 'colonic fistulation']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['infected necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 carries a high mortality and necessitates intervention to achieve @entity295 control. The surgical strategy for proven infected @entity39 has evolved, with abandonment of open necrosectomy to a step-up approach consisting of percutaneous drains and @entity8678 ( @entity8678 ). We present a case that underwent @entity8678 complicated by @entity548 and @entity694 and describe its management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 38 year-old male with acute @entity788 developed @entity788 . Initial treatment was by percutaneous drainage under radiological guidance and intravenous antibiotics. The @entity39 was then debrided using gasless laparoscopy through a mini-incision. Post-operatively, he developed @entity548 which was controlled with angioembolisation. He also developed a descending @entity694 which was treated with laparotomy and defunctioning loop ileostomy. He recovered and subsequently had his ileostomy closed twelve months later. The @entity694 recurred and was treated with endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue injection and finally closed. DISCUSSION: Step-up approach consists of the 3 D's: Delay, drain and debride. @entity8678 is recommended as it is replicable in general surgical units using standard laparoscopic instruments. Bleeding and colon perforation are potential complications which must have multi-disciplinary input, aggressive resuscitation and timely radiologic intervention. Defunctioning ileostomy is recommended to control @entity295 in @entity694 . Novel fistula closing methods using endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue are potential treatment options. CONCLUSION: Step-up approach and @entity8678 is the new paradigm to treat @entity788 . Complications of @entity548 and @entity694 are uncommon and require multi-disciplinary management.

title: Step-up approach and video assisted retroperitoneal debridement in @entity788 : A case complicated by retroperitoneal @entity548 and XXXX .

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic fistula']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 carries a high mortality and necessitates intervention to achieve @entity295 control. The surgical strategy for proven infected @entity39 has evolved, with abandonment of open necrosectomy to a step-up approach consisting of percutaneous drains and @entity8678 ( @entity8678 ). We present a case that underwent @entity8678 complicated by @entity548 and @entity694 and describe its management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 38 year-old male with acute @entity788 developed @entity788 . Initial treatment was by percutaneous drainage under radiological guidance and intravenous antibiotics. The @entity39 was then debrided using gasless laparoscopy through a mini-incision. Post-operatively, he developed @entity548 which was controlled with angioembolisation. He also developed a descending @entity694 which was treated with laparotomy and defunctioning loop ileostomy. He recovered and subsequently had his ileostomy closed twelve months later. The @entity694 recurred and was treated with endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue injection and finally closed. DISCUSSION: Step-up approach consists of the 3 D's: Delay, drain and debride. @entity8678 is recommended as it is replicable in general surgical units using standard laparoscopic instruments. Bleeding and colon perforation are potential complications which must have multi-disciplinary input, aggressive resuscitation and timely radiologic intervention. Defunctioning ileostomy is recommended to control @entity295 in @entity694 . Novel fistula closing methods using endoscopic clips and histoacryl glue are potential treatment options. CONCLUSION: Step-up approach and @entity8678 is the new paradigm to treat @entity788 . Complications of @entity548 and @entity694 are uncommon and require multi-disciplinary management.

title: Step-up approach and video assisted retroperitoneal debridement in @entity788 : A case complicated by retroperitoneal XXXX and @entity694 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. The present study was done to evaluate birefringence pattern of collagen fibres in different grades of @entity957 using Picrosirius red stain and polarization microscopy and to determine if there is a change in collagen fibres between different grades of @entity957 . Materials and Methods. Picrosirius red stained 5    m thick sections of previously diagnosed different grades of @entity957 and normal oral mucosa were studied under polarization microscopy for arrangement as well as birefringence of collagen fibres around @entity5 islands. Results. It was found that thin collagen fibres increased and thick collagen fibres decreased with dedifferentiation of OSCC (P < 0.0001). It was observed that there was change in polarization colours of thick fibres from yellowish orange to greenish yellow with dedifferentiation of OSCC indicating loosely packed fibres (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. There was a gradual change of birefringence of collagen from yellowish orange to greenish yellow from well to poorly differentiated @entity957 , indicating that there is a change from mature form of collagen to immature form as @entity5 progresses. Studying collagen fibres with Picrosirius red for stromal changes around @entity5 islands along with routine staining may help in predicting the prognosis of @entity5 .

title: Study of Collagen Birefringence in Different Grades of XXXX Using Picrosirius Red and Polarized Light Microscopy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Habit of consuming @entity286 and areca-nut containing substances is in vogue in Lucknow as a part of the Nawabi culture. Hence, this study was planned with an aim to generate evidence for the prevalence of habits of @entity734 by the population of Lucknow and know their socio-demographic profile. METHODOLOGY: Population based cross-sectional study was conducted by organizing oral health check-up camps in randomly selected rural and urban parts of Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, which is the most populated state of India. @entity1 were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A structured and validated questionnaire based tool was administered by a team of trained dental surgeons for collecting the desired information through interview and their oral cavity examination. RESULTS: A total of 3437 subjects were enrolled in the study, out of which 82.9% were male and 17.1% were female. Among them, 64.6% subjects belonged to rural domiciliary status, by religion, 80.6% and 18.5% of the subjects were Hindu and Muslims respectively. The most prevalent habit was consumption of smokeless @entity286 substances, of which pan masala with @entity286 (gutkha) was the most prevalent substance of abuse. CONCLUSION: Smokeless @entity286 consumption was highly prevalent in the population surveyed. It is recommended to formulate and implement strong preventive strategies. Also, steps should be taken to increase the awareness of the harmful consequences of these habits.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in the population of Lucknow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: @entity58295 (Dha/ @entity58295 ) is a homeodomain protein containing an Engrailed homology (Eh) 1 repressor motif. It is important in @entity3392 dorsal organizer formation. Dha/ @entity58295 interacted with a co-repressor Groucho through the Eh1 motif. Expression of a Dha/ @entity58295 fused to the transcriptional activator @entity2879 repressed dorsal axis formation and the expression of organizer genes but led to the dorsal expansion of expression of the homeobox gene vox/ @entity72217 , indicating that Dha/ @entity58295 functions as a transcriptional repressor for dorsal axis formation. We also isolated a novel homeobox gene, ved, whose expression was negatively regulated by dha/ @entity58295 . ved's sequence and expression profile were similar to those of vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 . Like Vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , Ved acted as a transcriptional repressor. The combined inhibition of ved, vox/ @entity72217 , and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , by antisense morpholino injection, strongly dorsalized the embryos and elicited ventral expansion of organizer gene expression, compared with the effect of inhibiting each of these genes alone. These results suggest that ved is a target for the repressor Dha/ @entity58295 . Ved functions redundantly with vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 to restrict the organizer domain.

title: A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in @entity58295 / @entity58295 -mediated dorsal organizer formation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: @entity58295 (Dha/ @entity58295 ) is a homeodomain protein containing an Engrailed homology (Eh) 1 repressor motif. It is important in @entity3392 dorsal organizer formation. Dha/ @entity58295 interacted with a co-repressor Groucho through the Eh1 motif. Expression of a Dha/ @entity58295 fused to the transcriptional activator @entity2879 repressed dorsal axis formation and the expression of organizer genes but led to the dorsal expansion of expression of the homeobox gene vox/ @entity72217 , indicating that Dha/ @entity58295 functions as a transcriptional repressor for dorsal axis formation. We also isolated a novel homeobox gene, ved, whose expression was negatively regulated by dha/ @entity58295 . ved's sequence and expression profile were similar to those of vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 . Like Vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , Ved acted as a transcriptional repressor. The combined inhibition of ved, vox/ @entity72217 , and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , by antisense morpholino injection, strongly dorsalized the embryos and elicited ventral expansion of organizer gene expression, compared with the effect of inhibiting each of these genes alone. These results suggest that ved is a target for the repressor Dha/ @entity58295 . Ved functions redundantly with vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 to restrict the organizer domain.

title: A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in XXXX / @entity58295 -mediated dorsal organizer formation in @entity3392 .

answer: @entity58295 :: (30170(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['dharma']


abstract: @entity58295 (Dha/ @entity58295 ) is a homeodomain protein containing an Engrailed homology (Eh) 1 repressor motif. It is important in @entity3392 dorsal organizer formation. Dha/ @entity58295 interacted with a co-repressor Groucho through the Eh1 motif. Expression of a Dha/ @entity58295 fused to the transcriptional activator @entity2879 repressed dorsal axis formation and the expression of organizer genes but led to the dorsal expansion of expression of the homeobox gene vox/ @entity72217 , indicating that Dha/ @entity58295 functions as a transcriptional repressor for dorsal axis formation. We also isolated a novel homeobox gene, ved, whose expression was negatively regulated by dha/ @entity58295 . ved's sequence and expression profile were similar to those of vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 . Like Vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , Ved acted as a transcriptional repressor. The combined inhibition of ved, vox/ @entity72217 , and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , by antisense morpholino injection, strongly dorsalized the embryos and elicited ventral expansion of organizer gene expression, compared with the effect of inhibiting each of these genes alone. These results suggest that ved is a target for the repressor Dha/ @entity58295 . Ved functions redundantly with vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 to restrict the organizer domain.

title: A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in @entity58295 / XXXX -mediated dorsal organizer formation in @entity3392 .

answer: @entity58295 :: (30170(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['bozozok']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High prevalence and increasing rate of @entity748 @entity1 around the word witnesses the high burden of @entity565 . We have limited data on @entity565 burden and economic costs in Iran. This study aimed to find direct and indirect economic costs of @entity565 and their association with some background factors in one of the referral tertiary centers for adult @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: We surveyed @entity565 related economic costs of 197 adult @entity1 who referred to Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran from @entity1178 2007 to January 2010. The @entity1 were followed up for a period of one-year   1 month and @entity565 related costs and its control status were registered. RESULTS: @entity1 were consisted of 125 (64.1%) females and 70 (35.9%) males. Total cost of @entity565 was 590.22   32.18 USD for one @entity1 per one year, the cost of drug, paraclinic, doctor visit, hospitalization, emergency, transportation, and absent days were 327.02, 4.76, 35.44, 3.82, 0.26, 113.03, 105.89 USD respectively. @entity1 showed a significant elevation in their total (P=0.009) and drug costs (P=0.028). In addition, we found significant differences between total @entity565 costs and @entity565 control status (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: According to the high proportion of @entity565 , related cost compare to Total Income of an Iranian family, the necessity of public coverage of health assurance is quite clear. We suggest that improving @entity565 management and accessibility to specialized treatment centers can result in decreasing @entity565 medication and transportation costs as major direct and indirect @entity565 related costs.

title: Asthma Economic Costs in Adult Asthmatic XXXX in Tehran, Iran.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A QTL analysis of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to a "novel environment" stress was conducted in a three-generation experimental cross between Meishan and Large White @entity1707 breeds. A total of 186 F2 males and 182 F2 females were studied for their behavioral and neuroendocrine reactivity to a novel environment test at 6 wk of age. Locomotion, vocalization, and defecation rate, as well as exploration time, were measured for 10 min. Blood samples were taken immediately before and after the test to measure plasma levels of ACTH, @entity701 , and @entity413 . Animals were typed for a total of 137 markers covering the entire porcine genome. Analyses were performed using two interval mapping methods: a line-cross regression method, where founder lines were assumed to be fixed for different QTL alleles, and a half-/full-sib maximum likelihood method where allele substitution effects were estimated within each half-/full-sib family. Both methods revealed a highly significant gene effect for poststress @entity701 level (P < 0.001) and a significant effect for basal @entity701 level (P < 0.05) at the end of the q arm of chromosome 7, explaining, respectively, 20% and 7% of the phenotypic variance. Meishan alleles are associated with higher @entity701 levels and are partially dominant (for poststress levels) over Large White alleles. Other significant gene effects on biological measures were detected on chromosomes 1 and 17 (ACTH response to stress), 3, 5, and 8 ( @entity413 levels). The SSC 17 QTL explains 12% of the phenotypic variance of poststress ACTH levels, with a suggestive evidence of imprinting effects. Meishan alleles are associated with lower poststress ACTH levels. Gene effects of low amplitude only were found for behavioral reactivity traits. Considering the effects of stress neuroendocrine systems on energy fluxes and @entity1131 , and the importance of stress reactivity for meat quality and animal welfare, these results open new perspectives for @entity1707 selection.

title: Genetic linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci for behavioral and neuroendocrine stress response traits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Allogeneic bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation (BMT) represents an important therapeutic tool for treatment of otherwise incurable malignant and non-malignant diseases. Until recently, autologous and allogeneic bone marrow or mobilized blood stem cells transplantation were used primarily to replace malignant, genetically abnormal or deficient immunohematopoietic compartment and therefore, highly toxic myeloablative regimen were considered mandatory for more effective eradication of all undesirable host-derived hematopoietic elements. Our preclinical and ongoing clinical studies indicated that much more effective eradication of host immunohematopoietic system cells could be achieved by adoptive allogeneic cell therapy with donor lymphocyte infusion following BMT. Thus, eradication of @entity5 cells, especially in @entity1 with @entity1860 and less frequently in @entity1 with other @entity1583 , could be frequently accomplished despite complete resistance of such @entity5 cells to maximally tolerated doses of chemoradiotherapy. Our cumulative experience suggested that graft versus @entity1778 (GVL) effects might be a useful tool for eradication of otherwise resistant @entity5 cells of host origin. Based on the cumulative clinical experience and experimental data in animal models of @entity1 diseases it appears that induction of host versus graft tolerance as step one, may allow durable engraftment of donor immunocompetent lymphocytes, which may be used for induction of effective biologic warfare against host-type immunohematopoietic cells that need to be replaced, malignant, genetically abnormal or self-reactive alike. Based on the aforementioned rationale, we speculated that the therapeutic benefit of BMT may be improved by using a safer conditioning as part of the transplant procedure, with the goal in mind to induce host versus graft tolerance to enable subsequent induction of GVL, possibly graft versus @entity5 or even graft versus autoimmunity effects, rather than attempt to eliminate host cells with hazardous myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. The latter hypothesis suggested that effective BMT procedure may be accomplished without lethal conditioning of the host, using new well tolerated non-myeloablative regimen, thus possibly minimizing immediate and late side effects related to myeloablative procedures considered until recently mandatory for conditioning of BMT recipients. Recent clinical data that will be presented suggests that effective BMT procedures may be accomplished with well-tolerated non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) regimen, with no major @entity137 . Thus, new NST approaches may offer the feasibility of safer BMT procedure for a large spectrum of clinical indications in @entity1 and elderly individuals without lower or upper age limit, while minimizing procedure-related @entity137 and mortality. Taken together, our cumulative data suggest that high dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be successively replaced by a more effective biologic tool, alloreactive donor lymphocytes, thus setting the stage for innovative therapeutic procedures for safer and more effective treatment of @entity1 in need of BMT.

title: Non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation for the treatment of XXXX and life-threatening non-malignant disorders; past accomplishments and future goals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['blood cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) in demonstrating the possible subclinical impairment of the corticospinal pathway after recovery, in @entity1 with a clinical history of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) due to a single lacunar infarct detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: MEPs were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 20 healthy subjects and 40 @entity1 , 6 months or more after @entity64 onset. @entity1 were evaluated clinically by means of the @entity64 scale, the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and the Barthel Index. The @entity1 with full hand strength recovery and the normal controls were also tested by means of the 9-hole peg test. RESULTS: Motor threshold (MT), MEP amplitude and @entity713 ( @entity713 ) of the affected side were significantly different from those of the normal side and of the control subjects. MT, MEP amplitude and @entity713 obtained after stimulation of the affected hemisphere were significantly correlated with the MRC scale values of the affected hand. Eighty-six percent of @entity1 with persistent hand strength deficit showed @entity854 . In 21 @entity1 with complete clinical recovery, a significant increase in MT and decrease in MEP amplitude on the affected side were observed. CONCLUSIONS: After @entity64 , neurophysiological changes may persist despite complete clinical recovery. @entity9808 represents a sensitive tool that enables to demonstrate objectively the clinical and subclinical impairment of the corticospinal pathway.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'NIH stroke', 'pure motor stroke']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT', 'central motor conduction time']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MEP abnormalities']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['pure motor stroke']


abstract: Some @entity1 with @entity56 exhibit late-phase responses to inhalation challenge with specific antigen. However, the duration of these responses is difficult to determine because of diurnal variations in airway function, a common phenomenon in @entity1 with @entity565 . We therefore examined the pattern and duration of pulmonary function in six asymptomatic @entity1 with a history of ragweed @entity565 and a documented late-phase response after specific and nonspecific bronchial challenge and compared them to responses after control challenge with normal saline. On 3 different days, specific airway conductance (SGaw) and gas distribution by the single breath @entity1568 test were measured before (9:00 A.M.) and hourly for 24 hours after inhalation challenge with either normal saline, ragweed extract, or @entity112 at concentrations sufficient to decrease SGaw immediately by 35% or more. The fluctuations in SGaw after saline and @entity112 were considerable but failed to follow a typical diurnal or biphasic pattern. There was no difference in mean SGaw between the @entity112 and saline challenges from 1 to 24 hours after inhalation. In contrast, ragweed challenge produced a typical late-phase response followed by partial recovery of mean SGaw. However, mean SGaw remained subsequently lower than after saline challenge throughout the remaining observation period with fluctuations about this lower level. Gas distribution demonstrated marked intra- and intersubject variations and was therefore not different among the three challenges at any time of measurement. These observations suggest that a single specific but not nonspecific bronchial challenge causes prolonged airflow obstruction in subjects with @entity56 that lasts 24 hours or longer, independent of variations in baseline airway function.

title: Prolonged bronchial obstruction after a single antigen challenge in ragweed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The interaction between immune aggregates and complement (C) was investigated. Solid-phase immune aggregates were prepared by coating microwells with heat-aggregated bovine serum albumin (BSA) followed by rabbit anti-BSA antibody. The immune aggregates were reacted with human serum or citrated plasma at 37 degrees C. The binding of C3 components was investigated with biotinylated F(ab')2 antibodies to C3c and @entity8428 and avidin-coupled alkaline phosphatase. The form of the incorporated C3, whether @entity4417 -iC3b or C3dg, can be deduced from the response with these two antibodies. The maximal binding of @entity4417 -iC3b to the immune aggregates was observed within 5 min of incubation with serum or citrated plasma. The conversion to C3dg was evident by a decrease in bound anti-C3c concomitant with increasing anti- @entity8428 reactivity within about 10 min of incubation. When the classical C pathway activation was inhibited, the binding of @entity4417 -iC3b was delayed by 20-30 min, whereas stopping of the alternative pathway did not influence the initial kinetics of the reaction. The addition of @entity1 red blood cells had no measurable influence on the degradation of bound @entity4417 -iC3b. 125I-labelled anti-BSA antibody bound to the solid-phase BSA was not released during the C3 incorporation. The incorporation of @entity4417 into the immune aggregates was mediated equally well by serum and by citrated plasma. The incorporation of @entity4417 -iC3b into @entity7110 ( @entity7110 ) is thought to be responsible for the C-mediated solubilization (CMS) of @entity7110 . Citrated plasma, however, exerted no CMS capacity when measured by a radiometric assay. The CMS capacity of serum was inhibited by @entity1792 , but could then be restored by adding @entity141 and @entity1025 , whereas no CMS could be demonstrated with citrated plasma to which divalent metal ions were added.

title: The attachment of serum- and plasma-derived C3 to solid-phase immune aggregates and its relation to complement-mediated solubilization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['immune complexes', 'IC']

answer: @entity7110 :: (MESH:D007105,Disease) :: ['immune complexes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Median survival in advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity1487 (5FU) and @entity4181 (LV) is between 12 and 18 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term survival in this disease. METHODS: We report here, retrospectively, the survival of 445 @entity1 who entered in first-line prospective studies with LV-5FU-based regimen chemotherapy, between 1985 and 1995. RESULTS: Median survival was 18 months. The 3, 5 and 10 year survival were respectively 17.9%, 4.5% and 2.4%. Seventy-five @entity1 survived more than 3 years, among them, 10 achieved a complete and 34 a partial response, 12 had curative liver or lung surgery. Fifteen @entity1 lived more than 5 years, 2 achieved a complete and 7 a partial response. Seven had curative surgery. Eleven @entity1 were still alive in 2002, among them 7 in complete remission at 5 years, including 3 who did not have surgery. CONCLUSION: This study shows that some @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 can achieve long survival, especially when secondary curative surgery can be performed. However, 1% of the @entity1 can be cured with LV-5FU chemotherapy alone. These results will be probably improve with the use of the new drugs: @entity901 and @entity2600 .

title: [Long term survival in metastatic @entity14 treated with XXXX and @entity1487 chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluoro-uracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Median survival in advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity1487 (5FU) and @entity4181 (LV) is between 12 and 18 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term survival in this disease. METHODS: We report here, retrospectively, the survival of 445 @entity1 who entered in first-line prospective studies with LV-5FU-based regimen chemotherapy, between 1985 and 1995. RESULTS: Median survival was 18 months. The 3, 5 and 10 year survival were respectively 17.9%, 4.5% and 2.4%. Seventy-five @entity1 survived more than 3 years, among them, 10 achieved a complete and 34 a partial response, 12 had curative liver or lung surgery. Fifteen @entity1 lived more than 5 years, 2 achieved a complete and 7 a partial response. Seven had curative surgery. Eleven @entity1 were still alive in 2002, among them 7 in complete remission at 5 years, including 3 who did not have surgery. CONCLUSION: This study shows that some @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 can achieve long survival, especially when secondary curative surgery can be performed. However, 1% of the @entity1 can be cured with LV-5FU chemotherapy alone. These results will be probably improve with the use of the new drugs: @entity901 and @entity2600 .

title: [Long term survival in metastatic XXXX treated with @entity4181 and @entity1487 chemotherapy].

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Median survival in advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity1487 (5FU) and @entity4181 (LV) is between 12 and 18 months. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term survival in this disease. METHODS: We report here, retrospectively, the survival of 445 @entity1 who entered in first-line prospective studies with LV-5FU-based regimen chemotherapy, between 1985 and 1995. RESULTS: Median survival was 18 months. The 3, 5 and 10 year survival were respectively 17.9%, 4.5% and 2.4%. Seventy-five @entity1 survived more than 3 years, among them, 10 achieved a complete and 34 a partial response, 12 had curative liver or lung surgery. Fifteen @entity1 lived more than 5 years, 2 achieved a complete and 7 a partial response. Seven had curative surgery. Eleven @entity1 were still alive in 2002, among them 7 in complete remission at 5 years, including 3 who did not have surgery. CONCLUSION: This study shows that some @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 can achieve long survival, especially when secondary curative surgery can be performed. However, 1% of the @entity1 can be cured with LV-5FU chemotherapy alone. These results will be probably improve with the use of the new drugs: @entity901 and @entity2600 .

title: [Long term survival in metastatic @entity14 treated with @entity4181 and XXXX chemotherapy].

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluoro-uracil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity226 involves large vessels in 15% of cases. Their discovery is usually late, commonly several years after the diagnosis. EXEGESIS: We describe three cases of @entity226 with thoracic aorta involvement: two @entity1 presented with @entity439 which revealed @entity226 , one @entity1 had @entity337 . Clinical features of @entity226 were absent in two @entity1 . Temporal artery biopsy, performed in two cases, was positive. Two @entity1 were treated with @entity288 , associated in one case with immunosuppressive agent. Surgery was necessary in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Thoracic aorta involvement in @entity226 is most often discovered when corticotherapy is decreased. @entity1756 or @entity1580 in aortic affection are the major complication. @entity1 with thoracic aorta involvement need a clinical and radiological follow up over long period.

title: [Involvement of thoracic aorta revealing XXXX . Three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal arteritis', 'temporal arteritis', "Horton's disease"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aorta aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: Precocious first ovulation, preceded by an endogenous preovulatory LH surge, could be predictably induced in immature female @entity35 by administering repeated injections of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity1465 ). Administration of a dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , four times a day from day 28 to day 31 of age resulted in a highly constant ovulatory response: at 4.0 +/- 0.0 days after the start of treatment 7.7 +/- 0.3 (n = 15) ova were found. Use of a higher dose of @entity1465 (0.1 i.u.) resulted in lower numbers of ova (5.6 +/- 0.4, n = 7; P less than 0.005) whereas use of a lower dose of @entity1465 (0.025-0.038 i.u.) resulted in a less constant timing of the induced ovulation at 5.4 +/- 0.2 days after the start of treatment (n = 7; P less than 0.0005). In animals treated with the dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , a positive correlation was found between body weight at the start of treatment and the number of ova released (r = 0.75, n = 25; P less than 0.001). Ovarian follicle dynamics were studied on the various days of @entity1465 treatment (dose 0.05-0.075 i.u.) and compared with the follicle changes that take place after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, performed on day 28, a treatment known to result in first ovulation 4-5 days later. In both groups a decrease in the number of the smallest and the middle-sized antral follicles as compared with their respective controls was seen, whereas numbers of follicles in the largest, 'ovulatable' size classes gradually increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Precocious ovulation induced by XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin in the immature female @entity35 : comparison of follicle growth induced by treatment with @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin and by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Precocious first ovulation, preceded by an endogenous preovulatory LH surge, could be predictably induced in immature female @entity35 by administering repeated injections of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity1465 ). Administration of a dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , four times a day from day 28 to day 31 of age resulted in a highly constant ovulatory response: at 4.0 +/- 0.0 days after the start of treatment 7.7 +/- 0.3 (n = 15) ova were found. Use of a higher dose of @entity1465 (0.1 i.u.) resulted in lower numbers of ova (5.6 +/- 0.4, n = 7; P less than 0.005) whereas use of a lower dose of @entity1465 (0.025-0.038 i.u.) resulted in a less constant timing of the induced ovulation at 5.4 +/- 0.2 days after the start of treatment (n = 7; P less than 0.0005). In animals treated with the dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , a positive correlation was found between body weight at the start of treatment and the number of ova released (r = 0.75, n = 25; P less than 0.001). Ovarian follicle dynamics were studied on the various days of @entity1465 treatment (dose 0.05-0.075 i.u.) and compared with the follicle changes that take place after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, performed on day 28, a treatment known to result in first ovulation 4-5 days later. In both groups a decrease in the number of the smallest and the middle-sized antral follicles as compared with their respective controls was seen, whereas numbers of follicles in the largest, 'ovulatable' size classes gradually increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Precocious ovulation induced by @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin in the immature female @entity35 : comparison of follicle growth induced by treatment with XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin and by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Precocious first ovulation, preceded by an endogenous preovulatory LH surge, could be predictably induced in immature female @entity35 by administering repeated injections of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity1465 ). Administration of a dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , four times a day from day 28 to day 31 of age resulted in a highly constant ovulatory response: at 4.0 +/- 0.0 days after the start of treatment 7.7 +/- 0.3 (n = 15) ova were found. Use of a higher dose of @entity1465 (0.1 i.u.) resulted in lower numbers of ova (5.6 +/- 0.4, n = 7; P less than 0.005) whereas use of a lower dose of @entity1465 (0.025-0.038 i.u.) resulted in a less constant timing of the induced ovulation at 5.4 +/- 0.2 days after the start of treatment (n = 7; P less than 0.0005). In animals treated with the dose of 0.05-0.075 i.u. @entity1465 , a positive correlation was found between body weight at the start of treatment and the number of ova released (r = 0.75, n = 25; P less than 0.001). Ovarian follicle dynamics were studied on the various days of @entity1465 treatment (dose 0.05-0.075 i.u.) and compared with the follicle changes that take place after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus, performed on day 28, a treatment known to result in first ovulation 4-5 days later. In both groups a decrease in the number of the smallest and the middle-sized antral follicles as compared with their respective controls was seen, whereas numbers of follicles in the largest, 'ovulatable' size classes gradually increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Precocious ovulation induced by @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin in the immature female XXXX : comparison of follicle growth induced by treatment with @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin and by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use a new methodological approach, based on luminance noise, to assess without bias the relative damage of blue-yellow and red-green pathways in @entity2790 and @entity726 and to correlate obtained measurements with clinical markers of disease progression. METHODS: A psychophysical procedure modified from Cambridge color test was used to assess color discrimination in three different groups: @entity1 with primary @entity1538 (n = 51 eyes), @entity1 with @entity2790 (n = 95 eyes), and control subjects (n = 46 eyes). Viewing conditions were such that the function of the macula was being tested, using a discrimination task under noisy conditions. Confusion vectors, and parameters obtained from discrimination @entity7085 were correlated with perimetric and clinical data taken from the same groups. RESULTS: The lengths of the major axis of chromatic discrimination @entity7085 and all confusion vectors were significantly different between the groups. These measures followed a significant gradient of worsening performance from the control to @entity101 and @entity726 groups, which was steeper for the tritan axis. There was a significant global positive correlation between test parameters and cup-to-disc ratio and a significant negative correlation with the perimetric mean deviation index. @entity7085 length in @entity1 with @entity2790 correlated significantly with the duration of their @entity101 state. CONCLUSIONS: This psychophysical test can detect @entity227 in a significant subset of @entity1 with long-term @entity101 with preserved visual fields. Macular function is damaged earlier than previously believed, in both the blue-yellow and red-green pathways.

title: Simultaneous comparison of relative damage to chromatic pathways in XXXX and @entity726 : correlation with clinical measures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To use a new methodological approach, based on luminance noise, to assess without bias the relative damage of blue-yellow and red-green pathways in @entity2790 and @entity726 and to correlate obtained measurements with clinical markers of disease progression. METHODS: A psychophysical procedure modified from Cambridge color test was used to assess color discrimination in three different groups: @entity1 with primary @entity1538 (n = 51 eyes), @entity1 with @entity2790 (n = 95 eyes), and control subjects (n = 46 eyes). Viewing conditions were such that the function of the macula was being tested, using a discrimination task under noisy conditions. Confusion vectors, and parameters obtained from discrimination @entity7085 were correlated with perimetric and clinical data taken from the same groups. RESULTS: The lengths of the major axis of chromatic discrimination @entity7085 and all confusion vectors were significantly different between the groups. These measures followed a significant gradient of worsening performance from the control to @entity101 and @entity726 groups, which was steeper for the tritan axis. There was a significant global positive correlation between test parameters and cup-to-disc ratio and a significant negative correlation with the perimetric mean deviation index. @entity7085 length in @entity1 with @entity2790 correlated significantly with the duration of their @entity101 state. CONCLUSIONS: This psychophysical test can detect @entity227 in a significant subset of @entity1 with long-term @entity101 with preserved visual fields. Macular function is damaged earlier than previously believed, in both the blue-yellow and red-green pathways.

title: Simultaneous comparison of relative damage to chromatic pathways in @entity2790 and XXXX : correlation with clinical measures.

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exact localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is the first priority for ensuring @entity302 treatments and reducing side effects. The results of traditional visual methods for localizing the origin of @entity410 are far from satisfactory in some cases. Signal processing methods could extract substantial information that may complement visual inspection of EEG signals. In this study, EZ localization is changed into a driver identification problem, and a nonlinear interdependence measure, the weighted rank interdependence, is proposed and used as a driver indicator because it can detect coupling information, especially directionality, from EEG signals. A @entity14338 ( @entity14338 ) controller is then explored, using simulations, to establish its suitability for @entity410 control. The @entity410 control we propose rests on identifying the EZ using nonlinear interdependence measures of directed functional connectivity. Two directionally coupled neural mass models are employed for simulation investigation. Two parameters can adjust the sensitivity and completeness of the weighted rank interdependence for different applications, and their effect is discussed in the context of neural mass models. Simulation results demonstrate that use of the weighted rank interdependence for EZ identification can be applied to different EZ types, and the approach achieves an overall identification rate of 98.84  % for several EZ types. Simulations also indicate that @entity14338 control can effectively regulate synchronization between neural masses.

title: Epileptogenic zone localization and XXXX control in coupled neural mass models.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity14338 :: ('MESH:C535733', 'Disease') :: ['proportional integral derivative', 'PID']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity21665 ( @entity21665 ) are a common complication during hemodialysis (HD) sessions. A number of pharmacologic agents have been evaluated to prevent and or diminish @entity21665 ; however, none of them has an established role. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the possible effect of @entity2682 on @entity21665 . In a double-blinded clinical trial, we compared the possible effect of @entity2682 with a placebo in prevention and or diminishing episodes of @entity21665 in HD @entity1 who had experienced frequent intradialytic muscle cramps. At first, placebo was given before each dialysis session for four weeks and then, after a two-week washout period, 300 mg of @entity2682 was given before each dialysis session for four weeks to verify the effect of @entity2682 on @entity21665 . Overall, 15 @entity1 (seven @entity1 and eight @entity1 ; mean age, 52.02 years) with frequent intradialytic muscle cramps were enrolled in the study. The incidence of symptomatic muscle cramp decreased in the @entity2682 group compared with the placebo group, with a significant difference between them (P = 0.001). The intensity of muscle cramps also decreased in the @entity2682 group (P = 0.001). There was no significant association between @entity21665 in male and female @entity1 (P = 0. 397), mean age of HD @entity1 (P = 0.226) and cause of @entity454 (P = 0.551). According to the results of our study, @entity2682 prescription before each HD session significantly reduced the frequency and the intensity of muscle cramps during HD without any major side-effects.

title: The effect of XXXX on muscle cramps during hemodialysis: A double-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity21665 :: ('MESH:D009120', 'Disease') :: ['HAMC', 'Hemodialysis-associated muscle cramps']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Scedosporium apiospermum is the asexual form of a rare fungus Pseudallescheria boydii that is usually present in the soil, sewage and dirty water. In immunocompromised @entity1 , it is a rare @entity281 involving multiple organs. We present a case of renal allograft recipient who developed fever two weeks post renal transplant. He was initially found to have @entity779 . After five days, he became drowsy and developed right-sided @entity1269 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple irregular masses with associated @entity4 consistent with fungal brain abscesses. Left parietal abscess was drained and he was started on @entity18111 . His @entity205 was stopped. Drained pus revealed fungal hyphae on @entity4014 stain and Scedosporium apiospermum on culture. Unfortunately, the @entity1 died after five days. Scedosporium @entity281 should be kept as a possibility in transplant recipients with disseminated @entity281 , especially with a @entity867 . Despite antifungal therapy and surgical drainage, mortality rates are high.

title: Scedosporium apiospermum causing XXXX in a renal allograft recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['brain abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) is a potentially life-threatening @entity384 that occurs in previously well @entity1 during pregnancy or postpartum. The predictors of persistent left ventricular (LV) @entity299 (LVSD) in @entity296 are poorly understood and were the subject of this study. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity296 (n  = 71), who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from 2004 to 2011, were retrospectively analyzed. Data including electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measurements at diagnosis (baseline) and at the last follow-up visit were collected. Data on plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were also collected at baseline. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff values. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the significant predictive variables for persistent LVSD. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 (44%) did not recover completely at the last follow-up visit (LV nonrecovery group), and 40 @entity1 (56%) had good LV recovery (LV recovery group). Baseline @entity3876 level was positively correlated with LV end-diastolic diameter (r  = 0.559; P < 0.001), and inversely correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (r  =  -0.548; P < 0.001) and fractional shortening (r  =  -0.542; P < 0.001). There was no difference in @entity1851 levels between the 2 groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the cutoff value in terms of predicting persistent LVSD was 34% for LVEF, 64 mm for LV end-diastolic diameter, 16% for fractional shortening, and 1860 pg/mL for @entity3876 . Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that LVEF < 34% (95% CI, 1.38-7.30; P  = 0.007) and @entity3876 > 1860 pg/mL (95% CI, 1.18-6.99; P  = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors in predicting persistent LVSD. CONCLUSIONS: LVEF and plasma @entity3876 levels have good predictive value in long-term @entity299 .

title: Clinical Characteristics and Long-term Predictors of Persistent Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Peripartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Peripartum cardiomyopathy', 'PPCM']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A number of studies have reported favorable surgical results for metastatic @entity5 from various solid @entity5 . However, there are few data available on metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) from @entity2 despite its considerable frequency. PURPOSE: The study aims to present the functional outcomes, survival time, and complications after surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a longitudinal observational study. @entity1 SAMPLE: The study includes 50 @entity1 who had @entity51 and underwent surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS), ambulatory status, overall survival, factors associated with survival time, and perioperative complications were analyzed. METHODS: The postoperative changes of ECOG-PS and ambulatory status were assessed. The factors affecting postoperative ambulatory status were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify the prognostic factors, log-rank test and Cox hazards regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Major complications within postoperative 30 days and mortality rate were recorded. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 27 males and 23 females with a mean age of 58.0  11.3 years at the time of surgery. An ECOG-PS improvement by at least one grade was observed in 33 of 50 cases (66.0%). Among 39 @entity1 who were not ambulatory before surgery, 23 @entity1 (59.0%) regained ambulatory ability after surgery. @entity1 who were preoperatively ambulant and those who underwent surgery within 72 hours from @entity51 had an increased chance of postoperative ambulation. The median for overall survival after surgery was 5.2 months. Five prognostic factors were identified on univariate analysis: time from @entity51 , responsiveness to preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative ECOG-PS, and postoperative ambulatory status. Multivariate analysis revealed that time to @entity51 (risk ratio [RR]: 2.28, p=.023), postoperative chemotherapy (RR: 6.58, p<.001), and postoperative ECOG-PS (RR: 2.73, p=.040) were independent prognostic factors of survival time. Major complications developed in 34.0% of @entity1 (17 of 50), and the 30-day mortality rate was 10.0% (5 of 50). CONCLUSIONS: Functional improvements were observed through surgical treatment even with relatively high complication rates for MSCC from @entity1149 . Earlier surgical treatment could act as an adjuvant therapy for prolonging survival by improving functional status.

title: Surgical results of metastatic XXXX (MSCC) from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ): analysis of functional outcome, survival time, and complication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A number of studies have reported favorable surgical results for metastatic @entity5 from various solid @entity5 . However, there are few data available on metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) from @entity2 despite its considerable frequency. PURPOSE: The study aims to present the functional outcomes, survival time, and complications after surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a longitudinal observational study. @entity1 SAMPLE: The study includes 50 @entity1 who had @entity51 and underwent surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS), ambulatory status, overall survival, factors associated with survival time, and perioperative complications were analyzed. METHODS: The postoperative changes of ECOG-PS and ambulatory status were assessed. The factors affecting postoperative ambulatory status were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify the prognostic factors, log-rank test and Cox hazards regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Major complications within postoperative 30 days and mortality rate were recorded. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 27 males and 23 females with a mean age of 58.0  11.3 years at the time of surgery. An ECOG-PS improvement by at least one grade was observed in 33 of 50 cases (66.0%). Among 39 @entity1 who were not ambulatory before surgery, 23 @entity1 (59.0%) regained ambulatory ability after surgery. @entity1 who were preoperatively ambulant and those who underwent surgery within 72 hours from @entity51 had an increased chance of postoperative ambulation. The median for overall survival after surgery was 5.2 months. Five prognostic factors were identified on univariate analysis: time from @entity51 , responsiveness to preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative ECOG-PS, and postoperative ambulatory status. Multivariate analysis revealed that time to @entity51 (risk ratio [RR]: 2.28, p=.023), postoperative chemotherapy (RR: 6.58, p<.001), and postoperative ECOG-PS (RR: 2.73, p=.040) were independent prognostic factors of survival time. Major complications developed in 34.0% of @entity1 (17 of 50), and the 30-day mortality rate was 10.0% (5 of 50). CONCLUSIONS: Functional improvements were observed through surgical treatment even with relatively high complication rates for MSCC from @entity1149 . Earlier surgical treatment could act as an adjuvant therapy for prolonging survival by improving functional status.

title: Surgical results of metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) from XXXX ( @entity1149 ): analysis of functional outcome, survival time, and complication.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: A number of studies have reported favorable surgical results for metastatic @entity5 from various solid @entity5 . However, there are few data available on metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) from @entity2 despite its considerable frequency. PURPOSE: The study aims to present the functional outcomes, survival time, and complications after surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a longitudinal observational study. @entity1 SAMPLE: The study includes 50 @entity1 who had @entity51 and underwent surgical treatment for MSCC from @entity1149 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS), ambulatory status, overall survival, factors associated with survival time, and perioperative complications were analyzed. METHODS: The postoperative changes of ECOG-PS and ambulatory status were assessed. The factors affecting postoperative ambulatory status were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Survival time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify the prognostic factors, log-rank test and Cox hazards regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Major complications within postoperative 30 days and mortality rate were recorded. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 27 males and 23 females with a mean age of 58.0  11.3 years at the time of surgery. An ECOG-PS improvement by at least one grade was observed in 33 of 50 cases (66.0%). Among 39 @entity1 who were not ambulatory before surgery, 23 @entity1 (59.0%) regained ambulatory ability after surgery. @entity1 who were preoperatively ambulant and those who underwent surgery within 72 hours from @entity51 had an increased chance of postoperative ambulation. The median for overall survival after surgery was 5.2 months. Five prognostic factors were identified on univariate analysis: time from @entity51 , responsiveness to preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative chemotherapy, postoperative ECOG-PS, and postoperative ambulatory status. Multivariate analysis revealed that time to @entity51 (risk ratio [RR]: 2.28, p=.023), postoperative chemotherapy (RR: 6.58, p<.001), and postoperative ECOG-PS (RR: 2.73, p=.040) were independent prognostic factors of survival time. Major complications developed in 34.0% of @entity1 (17 of 50), and the 30-day mortality rate was 10.0% (5 of 50). CONCLUSIONS: Functional improvements were observed through surgical treatment even with relatively high complication rates for MSCC from @entity1149 . Earlier surgical treatment could act as an adjuvant therapy for prolonging survival by improving functional status.

title: Surgical results of metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) from @entity1149 ( XXXX ): analysis of functional outcome, survival time, and complication.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is a potentially deadly @entity600 characterized by the absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in distal bowel. Although @entity1963 has clear genetic causes, no @entity1963 -associated mutation is 100% penetrant, suggesting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions determine @entity1963 occurrence. To test the hypothesis that certain medicines might alter @entity1963 risk we treated @entity3392 with medications commonly used during early @entity1 pregnancy and discovered that @entity5018 caused @entity1963 -like absence of enteric neurons in distal bowel. Using fetal CF-1 @entity19 gut slice cultures, we found that @entity5018 treated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC) had reduced migration, fewer lamellipodia and lower levels of active @entity5844 / @entity11120 . Additionally, inhibiting ROCK, a RHOA effector and known @entity5844 antagonist, reversed @entity5018 effects on migrating @entity19 ENCDC in culture. @entity5018 also inhibited colonization of @entity7517 +/- @entity19 bowel by ENCDC in vivo and dramatically reduced bowel colonization by @entity1573 ENCDC in culture. Interestingly, @entity5018 did not affect ENCDC migration until after at least three hours of exposure. Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity48901 ( @entity16538 ) and @entity1996 ( @entity10178 ) had normal bowel colonization by ENCDC and normal ENCDC migration in vitro suggesting COX-independent effects. Consistent with selective and strain specific effects on ENCDC, @entity5018 did not affect migration of gut mesenchymal cells, NIH3T3, or WT C57BL/6 ENCDC, and did not affect dorsal root ganglion cell precursor migration in @entity3392 . Thus, @entity5018 inhibits ENCDC migration in vitro and bowel colonization by ENCDC in vivo in @entity3392 , @entity19 and @entity1573 , but there are cell type and strain specific responses. These data raise concern that @entity5018 may increase @entity1963 risk in some genetically susceptible @entity1 .

title: XXXX slows migration and inhibits bowel colonization by enteric nervous system precursors in @entity3392 , @entity1573 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HSCR', 'Hirschsprung Disease', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['Ibuprofen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is a potentially deadly @entity600 characterized by the absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in distal bowel. Although @entity1963 has clear genetic causes, no @entity1963 -associated mutation is 100% penetrant, suggesting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions determine @entity1963 occurrence. To test the hypothesis that certain medicines might alter @entity1963 risk we treated @entity3392 with medications commonly used during early @entity1 pregnancy and discovered that @entity5018 caused @entity1963 -like absence of enteric neurons in distal bowel. Using fetal CF-1 @entity19 gut slice cultures, we found that @entity5018 treated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC) had reduced migration, fewer lamellipodia and lower levels of active @entity5844 / @entity11120 . Additionally, inhibiting ROCK, a RHOA effector and known @entity5844 antagonist, reversed @entity5018 effects on migrating @entity19 ENCDC in culture. @entity5018 also inhibited colonization of @entity7517 +/- @entity19 bowel by ENCDC in vivo and dramatically reduced bowel colonization by @entity1573 ENCDC in culture. Interestingly, @entity5018 did not affect ENCDC migration until after at least three hours of exposure. Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity48901 ( @entity16538 ) and @entity1996 ( @entity10178 ) had normal bowel colonization by ENCDC and normal ENCDC migration in vitro suggesting COX-independent effects. Consistent with selective and strain specific effects on ENCDC, @entity5018 did not affect migration of gut mesenchymal cells, NIH3T3, or WT C57BL/6 ENCDC, and did not affect dorsal root ganglion cell precursor migration in @entity3392 . Thus, @entity5018 inhibits ENCDC migration in vitro and bowel colonization by ENCDC in vivo in @entity3392 , @entity19 and @entity1573 , but there are cell type and strain specific responses. These data raise concern that @entity5018 may increase @entity1963 risk in some genetically susceptible @entity1 .

title: @entity5018 slows migration and inhibits bowel colonization by enteric nervous system precursors in XXXX , @entity1573 and @entity19 .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is a potentially deadly @entity600 characterized by the absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in distal bowel. Although @entity1963 has clear genetic causes, no @entity1963 -associated mutation is 100% penetrant, suggesting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions determine @entity1963 occurrence. To test the hypothesis that certain medicines might alter @entity1963 risk we treated @entity3392 with medications commonly used during early @entity1 pregnancy and discovered that @entity5018 caused @entity1963 -like absence of enteric neurons in distal bowel. Using fetal CF-1 @entity19 gut slice cultures, we found that @entity5018 treated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC) had reduced migration, fewer lamellipodia and lower levels of active @entity5844 / @entity11120 . Additionally, inhibiting ROCK, a RHOA effector and known @entity5844 antagonist, reversed @entity5018 effects on migrating @entity19 ENCDC in culture. @entity5018 also inhibited colonization of @entity7517 +/- @entity19 bowel by ENCDC in vivo and dramatically reduced bowel colonization by @entity1573 ENCDC in culture. Interestingly, @entity5018 did not affect ENCDC migration until after at least three hours of exposure. Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity48901 ( @entity16538 ) and @entity1996 ( @entity10178 ) had normal bowel colonization by ENCDC and normal ENCDC migration in vitro suggesting COX-independent effects. Consistent with selective and strain specific effects on ENCDC, @entity5018 did not affect migration of gut mesenchymal cells, NIH3T3, or WT C57BL/6 ENCDC, and did not affect dorsal root ganglion cell precursor migration in @entity3392 . Thus, @entity5018 inhibits ENCDC migration in vitro and bowel colonization by ENCDC in vivo in @entity3392 , @entity19 and @entity1573 , but there are cell type and strain specific responses. These data raise concern that @entity5018 may increase @entity1963 risk in some genetically susceptible @entity1 .

title: @entity5018 slows migration and inhibits bowel colonization by enteric nervous system precursors in @entity3392 , XXXX and @entity19 .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is a potentially deadly @entity600 characterized by the absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in distal bowel. Although @entity1963 has clear genetic causes, no @entity1963 -associated mutation is 100% penetrant, suggesting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions determine @entity1963 occurrence. To test the hypothesis that certain medicines might alter @entity1963 risk we treated @entity3392 with medications commonly used during early @entity1 pregnancy and discovered that @entity5018 caused @entity1963 -like absence of enteric neurons in distal bowel. Using fetal CF-1 @entity19 gut slice cultures, we found that @entity5018 treated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC) had reduced migration, fewer lamellipodia and lower levels of active @entity5844 / @entity11120 . Additionally, inhibiting ROCK, a RHOA effector and known @entity5844 antagonist, reversed @entity5018 effects on migrating @entity19 ENCDC in culture. @entity5018 also inhibited colonization of @entity7517 +/- @entity19 bowel by ENCDC in vivo and dramatically reduced bowel colonization by @entity1573 ENCDC in culture. Interestingly, @entity5018 did not affect ENCDC migration until after at least three hours of exposure. Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity48901 ( @entity16538 ) and @entity1996 ( @entity10178 ) had normal bowel colonization by ENCDC and normal ENCDC migration in vitro suggesting COX-independent effects. Consistent with selective and strain specific effects on ENCDC, @entity5018 did not affect migration of gut mesenchymal cells, NIH3T3, or WT C57BL/6 ENCDC, and did not affect dorsal root ganglion cell precursor migration in @entity3392 . Thus, @entity5018 inhibits ENCDC migration in vitro and bowel colonization by ENCDC in vivo in @entity3392 , @entity19 and @entity1573 , but there are cell type and strain specific responses. These data raise concern that @entity5018 may increase @entity1963 risk in some genetically susceptible @entity1 .

title: @entity5018 slows migration and inhibits bowel colonization by enteric nervous system precursors in @entity3392 , @entity1573 and XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) occurs frequently in @entity235 , but most previous studies examining the diagnosis of @entity656 have used data from secondary care hospitals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of diagnostic laboratory tests in @entity235 with @entity656 in a primary care hospital. ANIMALS: Sixty-four @entity235 with clinical signs suggestive of @entity656 diagnosed with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity656 . METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, including diagnostic laboratory tests considered potentially useful in the diagnosis of @entity656 . The diagnostic accuracy of amylase and FUJI DRI-CHEM lipase (FDC lip) were investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). In addition, we verified whether diagnostic laboratory tests were useful for evaluating duration of hospitalization and as biomarkers for monitoring recovery. RESULTS: Activities of amylase and FDC lip were significantly higher in the @entity656 group than in the @entity66 group (P = .001, P < .001, respectively). The sensitivity of FDP lip activity for diagnosing @entity656 was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7-100%); the specificity was 89.5% (95% CI, 66.9-98.7%). Area under the ROC curve for FDC lip activity was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93-1). High @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) activity was associated with extended duration of hospitalization (P = .04). A significant difference in @entity25587 ( @entity25587 ) concentration before and 5 days after treatment was found (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Measurement of FDC lip activity appears useful for diagnosing @entity656 . High ALT activity might be associated with prolonged duration of hospitalization, and @entity25587 might be useful as a biomarker for monitoring recovery from @entity656 .

title: Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Laboratory Tests in XXXX with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Investigation in a Primary Care Hospital.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nonpancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate our medium-term results on common bile duct stenting with increasing numbers of stents on strictures due to chronic calcifying @entity788 . BACKGROUND: Common bile duct strictures frequently complicate the course of chronic calcifying @entity788 . The effectiveness of endoscopic stenting to resolve definitely these strictures is still debated. STUDY: Twenty-nine @entity1 with common bile duct stricture due to chronic calcifying @entity788 were stented and followed up. Biliary sphincterotomy, dilation of the stricture, and insertion of plastic biliary stents (7.5-10 F) were performed. @entity1 were scheduled for elective stent changing/restenting at 3-month intervals or any time when it was urgently indicated. Our basic intention was to insert the maximum possible number of stents to reach as large diameter as the stricture allowed. All stents were removed after the disappearance of @entity1157 or left in place in cases of persisting strictures. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (60%) had complete radiologic and serologic recovery after a mean of 21.1 months overall stenting time and had a stent free follow-up period for a mean of 12.1 months without recurrence of stricture. Five @entity1 (16%) still have stents in place after 26 months. Three @entity1 (13%) required surgery. There were 3 deaths (10%): 1 for unrelated cause and 2 with @entity326 of biliary origin. CONCLUSIONS: Most chronic calcifying @entity788 @entity1 with common bile duct strictures respond to the increasing numbers of endoscopic stents, and remain stent free for medium term periods. Less @entity1 (30%) does not benefit of biliary stenting, who are candidates for surgery.

title: Medium-term results of endoscopic treatment of common bile duct strictures in chronic calcifying XXXX with increasing numbers of stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['common bile duct dilatation']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 undergoing only coronary bypass surgery were studied. Forty-five @entity1 (group A) developed new @entity714 and 155 @entity1 (group B) did not. The 45 @entity1 in group A developed the following @entity714 : @entity714 47%, @entity714 and left anterior hemiblock 8%, @entity714 and first-degree @entity713 %, left anterior hemiblock 11%, @entity714 18%, @entity714 -left anterior hemiblock and first-degree @entity713 5%. There were no significant differences in sex, incidence of @entity6 , number of grafts performed, ejection fraction (less than 55%), and perioperative @entity1188 . Group A @entity1 were older (p less than 0.01). @entity101 was found frequently in group A (27 vs 45 @entity1 ; p less than 0.01) and was present for a mean of 12.4 years in group A and 4.9 years in group B (p less than 0.01). Preoperative use of digitalis was found in 14 (31%) @entity1 in group A and in 18 (12%) @entity1 in group B (p less than 0.01). Twenty-one (47%) @entity1 in group A had significant disease (greater than 70%) of the left main coronary artery as compared to 17 (10.9%) in group B (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in the recurrence of @entity951 or the survival rate at 14 months. In conclusion, the incidence of new @entity714 after bypass surgery is 22.5%. Long-standing @entity101 , left main @entity301 , and the preoperative use of digitalis appear to be predisposing factors. @entity714 does not affect prognosis.

title: Etiology and clinical significance of new XXXX following coronary bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular conduction block', 'New fascicular conduction block', 'fascicular conduction blocks', 'right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'atrioventricular block 2']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['fascicular conduction defects']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) have been used to compare and evaluate different types of mesh fixation usually employed to repair open @entity169 . However, there is no consensus among surgeons on the best type of mesh fixation method to obtain optimal results. The choice often depends on surgeons' personal preference. This study aims to compare different types of mesh fixation methods to repair open @entity169 and their role in the incidences of chronic @entity158 , risk of @entity547 recurrence, complications, operative time, length of hospital stay and @entity282 , using Bayesian network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of @entity922 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search will be performed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Journal Full-text Database, to include @entity922 of different mesh fixation methods (or fixation vs no fixation) during open @entity169 . The risk of bias in included @entity922 will be evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook V.5.1.0. Standard pairwise meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to compare the efficacy of different mesh fixation methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval and @entity1 consent are not required since this study is a meta-analysis based on published studies. The results of this network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42015023758.

title: Mesh fixation methods in open XXXX : a protocol for network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['groin pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Randomised clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity1066 . Its use in @entity1 with @entity1084 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity1 have undergone @entity2798 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity384 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity1876 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity1 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity1 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity1 . No @entity1 have required reoperation. @entity2798 with @entity384 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity4773 .

title: @entity2798 with @entity384 or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'Highly selective vagotomy']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity1066 . Its use in @entity1 with @entity1084 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity1 have undergone @entity2798 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity384 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity1876 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity1 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity1 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity1 . No @entity1 have required reoperation. @entity2798 with @entity384 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity4773 .

title: XXXX with @entity384 or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal @entity1066 .

answer: @entity2798 :: (MESH:D009155,Disease) :: ['Highly selective vagotomy']


abstract: @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity1066 . Its use in @entity1 with @entity1084 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity1 have undergone @entity2798 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity384 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity1876 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity1 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity1 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity1 . No @entity1 have required reoperation. @entity2798 with @entity384 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity4773 .

title: @entity2798 with XXXX or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal @entity1066 .

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilatation']


abstract: Ehrlichia species can cause life-threatening @entity281 . Mechanisms of protective immunity were examined in an Ehrlichia muris @entity19 model of monocytotropic @entity12431 . C57BL/6 @entity19 possessed strong genetic resistance to E. muris of an undetermined mechanism. CD8 T lymphocytes were particularly important, as revealed by 81% fatalities for E. muris-infected, major histocompatibility complex class I gene knockout @entity19 compared with no deaths for wild-type C3H @entity19 . Moreover, 80% of C3H @entity19 depleted of CD8 and @entity1961 cells died of E. muris @entity281 compared with only 44% of @entity1961 cell-depleted @entity19 . CD8 T lymphocytes were demonstrated for the first time in an Ehrlichia @entity281 to exhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against Ehrlichia-infected target cells. Both gamma interferon and @entity5 @entity39 factor were shown to play synergistic roles in protective immunity in vivo for the first time, as demonstrated by 75% fatalities when both cytokines were neutralized compared with minimal mortality when they were depleted separately. Passive transfer of antibodies, but not Fab fragments, to E. muris protected C3H/ @entity915 @entity19 against @entity281 . The mechanism of increased susceptibility (22% lethality) of C57BL/6 major histocompatibility complex class II gene knockout @entity19 and @entity1961 cell-depleted C3H @entity19 (i.e., through a gamma interferon or antibody mechanism), as well as the more important role of CD8 T lymphocytes (in the form of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and/or gamma interferon production), remains to be elucidated. Protective immunity against monocytotropic E. muris is mediated by a combination of CD8 and @entity1961 T lymphocytes, gamma interferon, @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha, and antibodies.

title: Mechanisms of immunity to Ehrlichia muris: a model of monocytotropic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12431 :: ('MESH:D016873', 'Disease') :: ['ehrlichiosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lethal infection', 'infection', 'infections or chronic persistent infections']

answer: @entity12431 :: (MESH:D016873,Disease) :: ['ehrlichiosis']


abstract: @entity1534 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity1819 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity1534 isolates obtained from 75 @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 (n = 25 in each group). @entity15206 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity2757 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2757 , (iii) @entity7242 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity687 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity1 . This study revealed @entity2757 proteins with unique features, @entity2757 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity15206 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 @entity1 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity1534 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity1534 -induced responses with any particular @entity1 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in XXXX isolates from @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']