abstract: PURPOSE: A case of systemic @entity3303 exposure in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe hepatic @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) receiving treatment with @entity3303 patch 5% is reported. SUMMARY: A 35-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a history of refractory @entity981 was admitted for a third allogeneic, mismatched, peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor, with a conditioning regimen that included @entity1863 and @entity3118 . The @entity1 was receiving treatment with @entity3303 patch 5% (two patches daily, which was started five months before another hospital admission for the treatment of @entity1891 -related @entity1897 . Baseline laboratory findings were within normal limits except for disease-related @entity1398 and @entity882 . Twenty days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the @entity1 developed signs and symptoms of severe hepatic @entity5501 . His serum @entity493 transaminase concentration rose from 65 IU/L at baseline to 370 IU/L, and his serum @entity492 transaminase concentration rose from 32 IU/L at baseline to 871 IU/L. His total @entity648 increased to 2.8 mg/dL, and his body weight increased by 15%. An abdominal ultrasound noted ascites and @entity382 without reversal of blood flow. The @entity3303 patch was discontinued, but the @entity1 's condition continued to deteriorate. He died 38 days after HSCT from complications of severe hepatic @entity5501 . CONCLUSION: A 35-year-old @entity1 developed hepatic @entity5501 20 days after his third HSCT. As a result of his @entity409 , the @entity1 , who had been receiving @entity3303 patch 5% for the treatment of @entity9 , experienced increased systemic exposure to @entity3303 , which led to discontinuation of the patch.

title: Systemic absorption of topical @entity3303 in a bone marrow transplant recipient with hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5501 :: (MESH:D006504,Disease) :: ['sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']


abstract: Thyroid hormones, in particular @entity6143 or T3, are involved in multiple physiological processes in mammals such as protein, fat and @entity1735 metabolism. However, the metabolic actions of T3 in fish are still not fully elucidated. We therefore tested the effects of T3 on Sparus aurata energy metabolism and osmoregulatory system, a @entity1378 -induced model that was chosen. Fish were implanted with coconut oil depots (containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 gT3/g body weight) and sampled at day 3 and 6 post-implantation. Plasma levels of free T3 as well as @entity413 , @entity880 and @entity412 values increased with increasing doses of T3 at days 3 and 6 post-implantation. Changes in plasma and organ metabolite levels ( @entity413 , glycogen, @entity1674 , @entity880 and total a @entity3689 ) and enzyme activities related to @entity1735 , @entity880 , @entity3689 and lipid pathways were detected in organs involved in metabolism (liver) and osmoregulation (gills and kidney). Our data implicate that the liver uses @entity3534 as an energy source in response to the T3 treatment, increasing protein catabolism and gluconeogenic pathways. The gills, the most important extruder of @entity3265 , are fuelled not only by @entity3534 , but also by @entity880 . The kidney differs significantly in its substrate preference from the gills, as it obtained metabolic energy from @entity880 but also from lipid oxidation processes. We conclude that in S. aurata lipid catabolism and protein turnover are increased as a consequence of experimentally induced @entity1378 , with secondary osmoregulatory effects.

title: Energy metabolism of XXXX gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6143 :: ('CHEBI:18258', 'Chemical') :: ["3,5,3'-triiodothyronine"]

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroid']


abstract: In between the period of transplantation and revascularization, pancreatic islets are exposed to low- @entity26 and low-nutrient conditions. In the present study we mimicked those conditions in vitro to study the involvement of different cell death processes, release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and associated in vitro immune activation. Under low- @entity26 and low-nutrient conditions, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis occur in @entity1 islets. Necroptosis is responsible for DAMP-release such as dsDNA, @entity414 , and @entity518 . The sensors of the innate immune system able to recognize these DAMPs are mainly TLR, NOD receptors, and C-type lectins. By using cell-lines with a non-functional adaptor molecule @entity4100 , we were able to show that the islet-derived DAMPs signal mainly via TLR. Immunoisolation in immunoprotective membranes reduced DAMP release and immune activation via retention of the relative large DAMPs in the capsules. Another effective strategy was suppressing necroptosis using the inhibitor @entity11620 . Although the effect on cell-survival was minor, @entity11620 was able to reduce the release of @entity518 and its associated immune activation. Our data demonstrate that in the immediate post-transplant period islets release DAMPs that in vitro enhance responses of innate immune cells. DAMP release can be reduced in vitro by immunoisolation or intervention with @entity11620 .

title: DAMP production by @entity1 islets under low XXXX and nutrients in the presence or absence of an immunoisolating-capsule and necrostatin-1.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: In between the period of transplantation and revascularization, pancreatic islets are exposed to low- @entity26 and low-nutrient conditions. In the present study we mimicked those conditions in vitro to study the involvement of different cell death processes, release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and associated in vitro immune activation. Under low- @entity26 and low-nutrient conditions, apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis occur in @entity1 islets. Necroptosis is responsible for DAMP-release such as dsDNA, @entity414 , and @entity518 . The sensors of the innate immune system able to recognize these DAMPs are mainly TLR, NOD receptors, and C-type lectins. By using cell-lines with a non-functional adaptor molecule @entity4100 , we were able to show that the islet-derived DAMPs signal mainly via TLR. Immunoisolation in immunoprotective membranes reduced DAMP release and immune activation via retention of the relative large DAMPs in the capsules. Another effective strategy was suppressing necroptosis using the inhibitor @entity11620 . Although the effect on cell-survival was minor, @entity11620 was able to reduce the release of @entity518 and its associated immune activation. Our data demonstrate that in the immediate post-transplant period islets release DAMPs that in vitro enhance responses of innate immune cells. DAMP release can be reduced in vitro by immunoisolation or intervention with @entity11620 .

title: DAMP production by XXXX islets under low @entity26 and nutrients in the presence or absence of an immunoisolating-capsule and necrostatin-1.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) is a common cause of hip discomfort in young adults. Recently, a better understanding of the pathomechanics and @entity154 in the hip has implicated @entity1743 as a possible factor in early @entity571 . The clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and radiographic features are discussed in this article. DATA SOURCES: PubMed was searched using words and terms including femoacetabular impingement, @entity570 , @entity572 , early @entity571 , and @entity572 . References of relevant studies were searched by hand. STUDY SELECTION: All studies directly involving the treatment of @entity1743 were reviewed by 3 authors and selected for further analysis, including expert opinion and review articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: The quality of each study was assessed, and the results were summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative measures, including physical therapy, restriction of activities, core strengthening, improvement of sensory-motor, and control and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories are the mainstays of nonsurgical treatment. However, surgical management is often necessary to allow full return to activity with options including surgical @entity572 , @entity572 , periacetabular and rotational osteotomies, and combined @entity572 with a limited open exposure. Although the literature is replete with short-term evidence to support surgical treatment, there are currently no long-term prospective data or natural history studies examining the implications of @entity1743 and effects of early intervention.

title: XXXX : a common cause of hip pain in young adults.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'dislocation of the hip', 'hip arthroscopy']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The past decade has seen tremendous changes in the management of @entity2419 with the advent of the @entity408 Train project. The present study evaluates the effect of the @entity408 Train project on the demographics of @entity2419 . METHOD: Data collected over the past three decades were studied retrospectively. The number of cases, age at presentation, and relative proportion of @entity3384 @entity1 were analyzed. Thirty @entity1 operated on at the authors' institute for @entity3384 were evaluated for their awareness of @entity2419 , and the results were compared with those of 22 @entity1 operated on elsewhere in camp settings. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity1 with @entity2419 treated at the authors' institute from 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009 were 1189, 1050, and 374, respectively. However, the number with @entity2419 has remained nearly constant over the three decades. The mean age of reporting for treatment of @entity2419 was 16 months after being operated on for @entity3384 at the authors' institute and 41 months after being operated on elsewhere in camps. All @entity1 operated on at the authors' institute expressed awareness of holistic treatment of @entity2419 . Of the 22 @entity1 operated on at other camps, 16 were ignorant about the time scale and 19 were unaware of the consequences of nonadherence to the treatment protocol. Nineteen of the 22 @entity1 felt that enough information was not provided to them at initial surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that cleft counseling, continued cleft care for the @entity85 , and responsible behavior by the initial operating team should be the goals for the future.

title: Changing patterns in demography of XXXX in a developing country: the @entity408 Train effect--what lies ahead?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'cleft deformities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['complete complex of deformities']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'cleft lip deformity', 'cleft lip-cleft palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip-cleft palate deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The past decade has seen tremendous changes in the management of @entity2419 with the advent of the @entity408 Train project. The present study evaluates the effect of the @entity408 Train project on the demographics of @entity2419 . METHOD: Data collected over the past three decades were studied retrospectively. The number of cases, age at presentation, and relative proportion of @entity3384 @entity1 were analyzed. Thirty @entity1 operated on at the authors' institute for @entity3384 were evaluated for their awareness of @entity2419 , and the results were compared with those of 22 @entity1 operated on elsewhere in camp settings. RESULTS: The numbers of @entity1 with @entity2419 treated at the authors' institute from 1980 to 1989, 1990 to 1999, and 2000 to 2009 were 1189, 1050, and 374, respectively. However, the number with @entity2419 has remained nearly constant over the three decades. The mean age of reporting for treatment of @entity2419 was 16 months after being operated on for @entity3384 at the authors' institute and 41 months after being operated on elsewhere in camps. All @entity1 operated on at the authors' institute expressed awareness of holistic treatment of @entity2419 . Of the 22 @entity1 operated on at other camps, 16 were ignorant about the time scale and 19 were unaware of the consequences of nonadherence to the treatment protocol. Nineteen of the 22 @entity1 felt that enough information was not provided to them at initial surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that cleft counseling, continued cleft care for the @entity85 , and responsible behavior by the initial operating team should be the goals for the future.

title: Changing patterns in demography of @entity3384 in a developing country: the XXXX Train effect--what lies ahead?

answer: @entity408 :: (160418,Gene) :: ['Smile']


abstract: Although interstitial implantation of invasive @entity150 has been shown to be an effective treatment in Europe, there has been little experience with this method in the U.S. During the past 6 years, 14 @entity1 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania with single @entity150 less than 5 cm and no evidence of @entity189 in situ on random bladder biopsies have been treated by a combination of external beam radiation and iridium wire implant. The iridium wire is inserted by an afterloading technique following tumor exposure via suprapubic cystotomy. Following delivery of the prescribed dose, the sources are removed percutaneously. Three @entity1 with recurrent or high grade T1 lesions and 11 @entity1 with T2- @entity12817 lesions have been treated. With a median follow-up of 22 months (range 17 to 65 months), 9 @entity1 are currently NED, 4 @entity1 have died of disease, and 1 @entity1 has died of intercurrent disease. There have been two isolated @entity1494 , both non-invasive, one having been treated with cystectomy and one being treated locally. In addition, one @entity1 developed regional failure, two developed distant metastases only, and one developed local recurrence following distant failure. The 2-year actuarial local control rate is 84%, with an overall 2-year actuarial survival of 66%. Complications have been minimal. Bladder implantation by this method is technically simple and produces excellent local control with acceptable morbidity.

title: Treatment of XXXX with interstitial iridium-192 implantation and external beam irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder recurrences']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To assess, according to age groups, @entity1 ' characteristics according to region of origin, the chronic therapeutic management, prognostic utility of clinical variables, and natriuretic peptides. METHODS AND RESULTS: The GREAT registry consisted of @entity1 identified as presenting with @entity712 at the emergency department. Four groups of @entity1 were defined according to age: the young @entity1 group (<65   years); 'middle-old' (65-74   years), 'old-old' (75-84   years) and the 'oldest-old' (85-94   years). Follow-up at 1   year was performed via personal contact or national data registries at 1   year. Dataset consisted of 14   758 @entity1 aged up to 95   years, with the 'oldest-old' group being more prevalent in North America and Western Europe. The 30-day mortality rate were, respectively, 8.1%, 8.9%, 10.3%, and 16.3% among the four age groups and 1-year mortality rates were, respectively, 3.1%, 17.1%, 24.7%, and 39.9%. @entity712 treatment was less frequently administered with age (percentage of the 'fully treated' group was 14% in the 'young' compared with 2% in the 'oldest-old' @entity1 group). Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction was present in 70%, 62.3%, 52.5%, and 46.8% among the four age groups, respectively. The prognostic utility of most variables for short- and long-term outcome was attenuated with age, with the exception of natriuretic peptides. CONCLUSION: This study found a large heterogeneity in age among geographic regions and that the eldest are less likely to be treated in accordance with recommendations of current @entity712 guidelines. Natriuretic peptide concentrations retained prognostic value in @entity1 across age strata.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome by age categories in XXXX : results from an international observational cohort.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic heart failure', 'acute heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ), the fifth most common @entity5 that predominantly occurs in @entity1575 @entity1 , requires staging systems to design treatments. The barcelona clinic liver @entity5 staging system (BCLC) is the most commonly used @entity157 management guideline. For BCLC stage B (intermediate @entity157 ), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment. Many studies support the use of TACE in early and advanced @entity157 @entity1 . For BCLC stage 0 (very early @entity157 ), TACE could be an alternative for @entity1 unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or hepatic resection. In @entity1 with BCLC stage A, TACE plus RFA provides better local @entity5 control than RFA alone. TACE can serve as bridge therapy for @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation. For @entity1 with BCLC B, TACE provides survival benefits compared with supportive care options. However, because of the substantial heterogeneity in the @entity1 population with this stage, a better @entity1 stratification system is needed to select the best candidates for TACE. @entity2857 represents the first line treatment in @entity1 with BCLC C stage @entity157 . @entity2857 plus TACE has shown a demonstrable effect in delaying @entity5 progression. Additionally, TACE plus radiotherapy has yielded better survival in @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity49 . Considering these observations together, TACE clearly has a critical role in the treatment of @entity157 as a stand-alone or combination therapy in each stage of @entity157 . Diverse treatment modalities should be used for @entity1 with @entity157 and a better @entity1 stratification system should be developed to select the best candidates for TACE.

title: Transarterial @entity157 treatment: Barcelona clinic liver XXXX staging system.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['portal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ), the fifth most common @entity5 that predominantly occurs in @entity1575 @entity1 , requires staging systems to design treatments. The barcelona clinic liver @entity5 staging system (BCLC) is the most commonly used @entity157 management guideline. For BCLC stage B (intermediate @entity157 ), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment. Many studies support the use of TACE in early and advanced @entity157 @entity1 . For BCLC stage 0 (very early @entity157 ), TACE could be an alternative for @entity1 unsuitable for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or hepatic resection. In @entity1 with BCLC stage A, TACE plus RFA provides better local @entity5 control than RFA alone. TACE can serve as bridge therapy for @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation. For @entity1 with BCLC B, TACE provides survival benefits compared with supportive care options. However, because of the substantial heterogeneity in the @entity1 population with this stage, a better @entity1 stratification system is needed to select the best candidates for TACE. @entity2857 represents the first line treatment in @entity1 with BCLC C stage @entity157 . @entity2857 plus TACE has shown a demonstrable effect in delaying @entity5 progression. Additionally, TACE plus radiotherapy has yielded better survival in @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity49 . Considering these observations together, TACE clearly has a critical role in the treatment of @entity157 as a stand-alone or combination therapy in each stage of @entity157 . Diverse treatment modalities should be used for @entity1 with @entity157 and a better @entity1 stratification system should be developed to select the best candidates for TACE.

title: Transarterial XXXX treatment: Barcelona clinic liver @entity5 staging system.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We developed a technique to measure regional two-dimensional deformations in the myocardium. Three piezoelectric crystals were implanted in a triangular array in the left ventricular anterior midwall in six anesthetized @entity235 . Each crystal was used in a dual function, to both transmit and receive ultrasonic signals from the other two crystals. In this manner, the three segment lengths of the crystal triangle throughout the cardiac cycle were simultaneously recorded. The orientation of the crystal triangle with reference to the left ventricular long and minor axes was determined. The orientation and three segment lengths of the crystal triangle were used to calculate the circumferential strain E11, the longitudinal strain E22, the in-plane shear strain E12, and the mutually perpendicular principal strains E1 and E2. Also, the orientation of the first principal direction or the in-plane angle was determined, which was defined as the angle between the first principal direction (E1) and the circumferential direction (0 degree). This information fully describes the regional two-dimensional @entity296 . This technique was applied to measure regional @entity296 at three different @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) of 2 +/- 1 (mean +/- SD), 8 +/- 1, and 17 +/- 2 mm Hg. The first principal direction at end-systole was oriented away from the circumferential direction at low @entity1002 (-43 +/- 21 degrees) but became progressively closer in each animal to the circumferential direction as @entity1002 increased to mid (-26 +/- 18 degrees) and high (-14 +/- 13 degrees) levels. The end-systolic ratio E11/E1 was 0.6 +/- 0.2 at low @entity1002 , but increased toward unity in each animal to 0.9 +/- 0.1 at mid and high @entity1002 . Thus, at low @entity1002 , the greatest systolic deformation occurred in a direction different from the circumferential orientation. Therefore, circumferential strain measurements (E11) significantly underestimated the greatest systolic deformation (E1). However, as @entity1002 increased, the first principal direction rotated closer toward the circumferential orientation, and circumferential strain measurements adequately estimated the greatest systolic deformation. Nevertheless, the presence of significant amounts of shortening along either the longitudinal (E22) or the second principal direction (E2) in the midwall necessitated the use of the two-dimensional method. The change in end-diastolic configuration as @entity1002 increased from 1 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mm Hg was also examined. Unlike the end-systolic data, the end-diastolic first principal direction did not deviate significantly from the circumferential direction at any @entity1002 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Technique for measuring regional two-dimensional finite strains in XXXX left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial deformations']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular end-diastolic pressures', 'LVEDP']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: 1. Ambulatory electrocardiography was used to compare the effects of @entity1169 and @entity7690 on symptoms, heart rate, @entity943 and ST segments. Seventeen males (mean age 54 years) with a diagnosis of @entity5749 (New York Heart Association Class II-III) were studied. @entity1 were treated on a double-blind cross-over basis with @entity1169 80 mg three times daily or @entity7690 5 mg three times daily for 14 days each. During the last 48 h of each treatment period ambulatory electrocardiography was performed. 2. @entity1169 resulted in a significantly lower mean hourly, mean 24 h and minimum heart rate. Likewise @entity1169 caused a lower mean daytime and nocturnal heart rate. There was no significant difference in the frequency of angina between the treatments. The number of episodes of @entity308 was not significantly different between the two drugs, although there was a trend in favour of @entity1169 . 3. Both the mean 24 h ST level and the maximum @entity308 were lower during treatment with @entity7690 . @entity1169 was associated with a total of 117 nocturnal pauses or episodes of @entity1167 ranging in length from 1.5 to 2.8 s. During treatment with @entity7690 only one such period occurred. The number of @entity1540 occurring during treatment with @entity7690 (1316 beats) was less than on @entity1169 (2010) and the mean hourly frequency of @entity1540 was significantly lower during @entity7690 administration. 4. @entity7690 is not significantly different from @entity1169 in the control of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity296 and is associated with fewer @entity1540 . However, there is no advantage in using @entity7690 in @entity5749 .

title: The influence of beta-adrenoceptor blockers with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity on heart rate, XXXX and ST-T segments, using ambulatory electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['Pindolol', 'pindolol']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina', 'chronic stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: A recent study of risk factors for @entity0 indicated elevated risks of 5.3 and 1.9 times, respectively, for @entity1 with biopsy specimens showing @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) and @entity66 without atypia. These risks increase to 11 and 3.2 times, respectively, in @entity1 who also have a family history of @entity0 . This study reviews lesions detected mammographically in a series of @entity1 with documented risk factors. The pathologic specimens of 100 consecutive localization breast biopsies performed for nonpalpable abnormalities detected mammographically were reviewed and classified according to the criteria of Dupont and Page in order to determine the incidence of @entity1373 and @entity1558 . The mammographic characteristics and historical risk factors of these @entity1 also were correlated. Twenty percent of the biopsy specimens showed @entity189 , 55% of which were noninvasive. @entity1373 was found in an additional 10% of the biopsy specimens, whereas @entity66 without atypia occurred in 21% of the biopsy specimens. Forty-nine percent of the biopsy specimens showed nonproliferative changes. This study demonstrated that mammography, in addition to its ability to detect small nonpalpable @entity5 , identifies a high percentage (31% in this series) of @entity1 with pathologic lesions known to have an elevated risk for subsequent @entity0 . The current impetus for large-scale mammographic screening of asymptomatic @entity1 mandates the development of rational therapeutic protocols to accommodate the widening spectrum of high-risk pathologic lesions found in these selected populations.

title: XXXX and atypia in biopsies performed for nonpalpable lesions detected mammographically.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative breast disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Proliferative disease']


abstract: We report a case (the second from France) of @entity2695 , an entity created by Rosai et al. (14) in 1979 to accommodate several cutaneous and extra-cutaneous diseases hitherto known under other names and characterized histologically by the proliferation of vessels with peculiar "histiocytoid" endothelial cells. Our @entity1 was a 56-year old @entity1 who developed, within a few weeks, a slightly haemorrhagic nodule of the scalp. The histological examination, performed in a private laboratory, led to a diagnosis of @entity2477 or @entity11003 . Two months after the lesion was removed, the condition recurred in the form of about 10 sessile subcutaneous nodules, 3 to 20 mm in diameter; the nodules were firm, painless, little pruriginous and sometimes ulcerated. An old-standing lymph node enlargement was palpable on the right side of the posterior aspect of the neck. The rest of the scalp was normal. Physical examination of the skin and mucosae revealed no other abnormality. These alarming lesions were suggestive of @entity3 or @entity5426 . X-ray films of the skull were normal, as were the results of blood examination; in particular, there was no @entity1712 . Histology showed a @entity11536 , while the superficial and mid dermis were occupied by a lobulated vascular proliferation. The vessels were of the capillary type; they were lined with two or three layers of endothelial cells remarkable for their large indented nucleus and for their abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm bulging out into the lumen. These vessels were surrounded by fairly dense nodular masses of small lymphocytes with a few histiocytes and some neutrophils. There were no lymphoid follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the scalp].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous epidermis']

entities_list: @entity11003 :: ('MESH:D018229', 'Disease') :: ['angioleiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytoid haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Histiocytoid hemangioma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the alternans of action potential duration (APD) occurring in Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers after an abrupt shortening of cycle length can be explained by the two factors controlling the cycle length-dependent APD changes (i.e., restitution and memory effect). Action potentials were recorded simultaneously from @entity235 Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle fibers using conventional microelectrode techniques. APD change during alternans was dependent on the preceding diastolic interval in the same manner as during restitution in Purkinje fibers but not in ventricular muscle fibers. The course of memory change was not affected by the presence of alternans in either fiber type. In Purkinje fibers, APD alternans was attenuated by a @entity141 channel blocker, @entity10129 (2 X 10(-6) M), and augmented by a @entity141 channel agonist, @entity9898 (3 X 10(-8) M). These effects were attributed to the changes in the kinetics and the amplitude of restitution. In ventricular muscle fibers, APD alternans was always preceded and accompanied by alternans of action potential shape. Alternans of both action potential shape and APD was suppressed by @entity10129 (2 X 10(-6) M) and attenuated by @entity9898 (3 X 10(-8) M). These results show that in Purkinje fibers, APD during alternans can be explained by restitution and memory effect. However, in ventricular muscle fibers, the mechanism of @entity5279 alternans is linked to factors controlling action potential shape. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that APD alternans in Purkinje fibers depends on the differences in the recovery of membrane currents generated by the preceding action potential and in ventricular muscle fibers on the differences in the concentration and/or handling of intracellular @entity460 .

title: Alternans of action potential duration after abrupt shortening of cycle length: differences between XXXX Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers.

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: An analysis was made of the time lapse between the diagnosis of @entity5 and the development of an effusion in relation to the sex and age of the @entity1 and the site of the primary @entity5 . The total number of @entity1 studied was 254; of these, 171 @entity1 had a pleural and 83 @entity1 a peritoneal effusion. In the total group, sex distribution was two @entity1 to three @entity1 : about equal in the @entity1143 group and about two @entity1 to nine @entity1 in the @entity843 group, with the latter ratio reflecting the large number of primary malignant processes in the breast and ovaries. The average age at the time of the effusion, whether it was located in the pleural or in the peritoneal cavity, was about 55 years. This figure was roughly 60 years for @entity1 and 51 years for @entity1 . The nine-year average age difference between sexes can be explained by the size of the four largest groups of different primary malignant localizations and their sex distribution. The interval between the discovery of the primary @entity5 and the first fluid sample was longer for @entity1 with a @entity1143 (average of 77.0 weeks) than for @entity1 with @entity843 (average of 54.5 weeks). The longest interval was seen in the @entity0 group, with the shortest interval in @entity2 @entity1 . The interval was significantly longer for @entity1 , being 111.9 weeks for @entity1143 and 57.9 weeks for @entity843 (average for both sites of 88.7 weeks). In 30.7% of the @entity1 , the primary @entity5 was discovered at the same time or later than the effusion; in @entity1 with @entity2 , a strikingly higher percentage of 53.0% was found. In this respect, the cytologic diagnosis of effusions is of great importance not only for the detection and proper identification of a malignant process but also as an indicator of the life expectancy of a @entity1 .

title: The interval between the diagnosis of XXXX and the development of effusions, with reference to the role of cytologic diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The author review 10 years' experience in managing @entity867 in childhood: 19 cases were treated in @entity1 from 1 to 18 years old. The etiology was rhinogenic in 5 cases, @entity299 in 5, hematogenous in 3, traumatic in 3, postoperative in 1, and unknown in 3 cases. @entity867 that developed by direct spread were located nearby the source, whereas metastatic abscesses (such as cardiogenic or hematogenous) in most cases spread via the @entity262 , usually developing in the parieto-occipital regions. Four of the 5 cases with multiple abscesses were cardiogenic and one hematogenous. The most important neurological signs were @entity1269 (10 cases) and cranial nerve involvement (10 cases). Six abscesses were sterile and 6 grew aerobic and 6 anaerobic bacteria. In one case, aerobic as well as anaerobic bacteria were found. Fifteen @entity1 were treated preoperatively with antibiotics. The treatment was operative in 17 cases. In two cases, gravely ill on admission, no surgical treatment was given. The etiology, localization, bacteriology, surgical methods, and results in those cases are discussed.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral-basilar system']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess', 'Brain abscesses']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['Brain abscess']


abstract: Between 1980-1985, 177 fine-needle @entity1173 were performed on 139 @entity1 suspected of having recurrent @entity5 . Suspected sites of recurrence included a pelvic mass (122), peripheral lymph node (39), and a variety of other locations (16). There were 69 positives, 79 negatives, eight suspicious specimens, and 21 specimens inadequate for interpretation. Excluding suspicious or inadequate specimens, the results of the remaining 148 evaluable @entity1173 were confirmed by histopathologic correlation (35) or subsequent clinical course (113). Because there were no false positives, the specificity of the technique was 100%. The sensitivity was 68%, with an associated false-negative rate of 32%. The predictive value of a positive was 100%; that of a negative was 57%. An analysis of the false-negative results failed to show a correlation with cell type, lesion location, previous radiotherapy, or previous chemotherapy. The complication rate was less than 1%. These data support the conclusion that fine-needle aspiration cytology is a safe, highly specific method for diagnosing recurrent @entity5 . However, in @entity1 with negative fine-needle aspiration cytology and suspected @entity66 , it would appear that further evaluation is indicated.

title: Diagnosis of recurrent XXXX with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspirations']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the presence of in-home caregivers is associated with changes in the health outcomes of older adults with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Geriatric medical center and academic respiratory clinic in Japan. @entity1 : Community-dwelling adults with @entity1030 and their caregivers. MEASUREMENTS: Outcome measures (pulmonary function tests, distance on the 6-minute walking test (6MWT), activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and frequencies of emergency visits and hospitalizations of those living alone (group A), those living with one caregiver (group B), and those living with two or more caregivers (group C) were compared. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-nine @entity1 (315 @entity1 and 74 @entity1 ; mean age 73.3) were enrolled. Mean predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 57.5%. The numbers of @entity1 allocated into the global initiative for @entity1030 stages I, II, III, and IV were 105, 107, 122, and 55, respectively. Group A had 87 @entity1 ; group B, 125; and group C, 177. Instrumental ADL scores were highest in group A (P < .001), whereas 6MWT distance was longest in group B and shortest in group A. The frequency of emergency visits was highest in group A (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1030 living alone were higher functioning in terms of instrumental ADLs, but they had less exercise capacity and more-frequent emergency visits than @entity1 in the in-home caregiver groups and no difference in hospitalizations.

title: Presence of in-home caregiver and health outcomes of older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive lung disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The origin of the distribution of segmental @entity1694 (SV) has not yet been clearly elucidated. Segmental configurations of @entity74 have been explained using two main interpretations, i.e. following either @entity6128 . However, facial SV does not always correspond to either of these distributions. OBJECTIVES: We classified facial SV into several distinctive subtypes according to specific distributions based on long-term observations. METHODS: In total, 257 @entity1 with facial SV were included, all of whom were closely observed for more than 1 year. The distribution patterns of facial SV were classified according to morphological similarities based on clinical observations. RESULTS: The lesions of facial SV were categorized into six subtypes: types I-a and I-b, and types II-V. Type I-a and type IV broadly involved the mid-level face from the forehead to the lower cheek, but type IV lesions selectively appeared on the right side of the face and did not cross the midline. Type I-b lesions chiefly involved the forehead and scalp hair. Types II and III involved the lower face and, frequently, the neck area, and @entity75 were distributed mostly around the right orbital area. The most frequent type of lesion in this study was type I-a (28  8%), followed by types II (16  0%), III (14  4%), IV (10  9%), I-b (10  5%) and V (8  6%). CONCLUSIONS: Newly established patterns of facial SV may be valuable for certain aspects of prognosis, such as the likely degree and @entity75 spreading.

title: Classification of segmental XXXX on the face: clues for prognosis.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['path of lesion', 'type V lesions']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomal or blaschkolinear distributions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disorders']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: The records of 21 @entity1 treated for @entity420 of the anal ducts between 1943 and 1982 were reviewed. The @entity1 were followed until @entity204 or current status in April 1987. The median follow-up period was eight months (range, 3 to 144 months). Fifteen @entity1 had an erroneous diagnosis made at first physician visit resulting in a median doctor's delay of 14 months (range, 3 to 24 months) before correct treatment was carried out. Nine of the @entity5 were localized perianally (ischiorectal space), seven anally, and five in a @entity292 . @entity5 localized anally were significantly smaller and had a significantly shorter history than perianally or @entity292 localized @entity5 (P less than .05 for each localization). Three @entity1 with @entity5 had their diagnosis made accidentally by routine histologic examination of an excised @entity6713 . First examination revealed distant metastases in 13 @entity1 and follow-up examination revealed regional or distant metastases in seven @entity1 . Modes of treatment were wide local excision (N = 3), abdominoperineal resection (N = 3), colostomy (N = 9), and radiotherapy (N = 2). Twenty of the 21 @entity1 died within 18 months due to the @entity5 . One long-term survivor was observed; the @entity1 was alive 12 years after local excision of the @entity5 without evidence of recurrent disease. The crude five- and 10-year survival was only 4.8 percent.

title: XXXX of the anal ducts. A series of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'anal tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula-in-ano']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoid']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Mild irritants have been shown to protect the @entity35 gastric mucosa against noxious agents. This study was designed to test the protective potential of low-dose @entity1068 against @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) -induced @entity1819 . Ten healthy volunteers who were nondrinkers and had normal baseline upper @entity344 participated in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Thirty minutes after either vodka (37.5 ml) in @entity523 juice or @entity523 juice alone, each subject took 975 mg ASA and then underwent endoscopy 1 hr later. The degree of @entity3137 was scored, and blood was taken for @entity1068 and salicylate levels. There was a washout interval of seven days between the two treatments. Endoscopic scores were analyzed using the sign test. After a single dose of ASA, @entity3137 was confined to the fundus and antrum, while the duodenum was minimally affected. A significant @entity16 was seen with @entity1068 pretreatment (P less than 0.05). The same trend was evident in the fundus but did not achieve statistical significance. Serum salicylate levels averaged 13.2 +/- 0.8 mg/100 ml and were not different between the two treatments. @entity1068 concentration ranged from 1.1 to 6.2 mmol/liter following the vodka drink and was 0 after the placebo.

title: XXXX -induced human antral injury is reduced by vodka pretreatment.

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in antral damage']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence in @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . @entity1 :     A total of 30 @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 with or without @entity3384 ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar @entity5069 participated in the study. MEASURES:     The headset of a nasometer was used to record the @entity1 producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /  /. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of @entity5069 using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for @entity5069 were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high. RESULTS:     Percentages of syllables with velar @entity5069 ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the @entity1 . A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with @entity5069 was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that @entity5069 occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /  / (50%) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS:     Velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar @entity5069 more often than syllables with low vowels.

title: Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Repaired Cleft Palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age and selected phonetic factors on velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence in @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . @entity1 :     A total of 30 @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 with or without @entity3384 ranging in age from 4 to 13 years (mean, 8.6 years; standard deviation, 2.4 years) who exhibited nasal turbulence characterized by velar @entity5069 participated in the study. MEASURES:     The headset of a nasometer was used to record the @entity1 producing multiple repetitions of consonant-vowel (CV) syllables that contrasted the stops /p/ and /t/ with the fricatives /f/ and /s/ and the high-front vowel /i/ with the low mid-central vowel /  /. All targeted consonants were coded relative to the presence of @entity5069 using both perceptual and spectral criteria. Percentages of syllables coded for @entity5069 were calculated as a function of consonant and vowel types. Intra-and interjudge reliability of coding was high. RESULTS:     Percentages of syllables with velar @entity5069 ranged from a high of 100% to a low of 4% among the @entity1 . A Spearman rank-order correlation between age and percentage of syllables with @entity5069 was nonsignificant. Mantel-Haenszel tests for repeated measures indicated that @entity5069 occurred more often during production of syllables containing /i/ (62%) when compared with /  / (50%) (P = .029). CONCLUSIONS:     Velar @entity5069 as a component of nasal turbulence varies widely among @entity1 with repaired @entity2419 . CV syllables with high vowels appear to trigger velar @entity5069 more often than syllables with low vowels.

title: Age and Phonetic Influences on Velar Flutter as a Component of Nasal Turbulence in XXXX With @entity2419 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To (1) determine the microanatomic vascular distribution in ruptured @entity235 @entity129 ( @entity129 ) using specific vascular immunohistochemical techniques, and (2) compare vessel density between ruptured and intact @entity235 @entity129 and between different areas of interest in @entity397 using histomorphometric analysis. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study. ANIMALS: @entity235 (n=41) admitted for surgical treatment of @entity397 and 19 @entity235 euthanatized for nonorthopedic conditions. METHODS: Diseased (variable @entity397 ) and intact (normal control) @entity129 were processed for immunohistochemical staining specific to vessels ( @entity11691 , laminin). Mean vascular density was assessed and compared in areas of interest (torn end versus remaining core regions of @entity129 , proximal femoral versus distal tibial core @entity129 regions). RESULTS: @entity397 was more vascular than intact @entity129 ; however there was no difference in vascular density between the torn end and the remaining core area of the @entity397 . @entity397 was vascularized to a greater degree at the proximal portion than the distal portion of the @entity129 . @entity397 CCLs had a higher vessel density than completely ruptured CCLs. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular density is increased in diseased @entity129 compared with intact @entity129 . It remains to be determined whether this finding is associated with the cause of @entity397 or is a result of @entity528 and @entity397 .

title: Vascular distribution in ruptured XXXX cranial cruciate ligament.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cruciate ligaments', 'CCL']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured CCL', 'Ruptured CCL', 'Partially ruptured', 'rupture', 'CCL rupture']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['CCL degeneration']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity3620 is a @entity5 with increasing incidence. In the present study, we established six @entity2615 cell lines possessing two allele deletions of the @entity986 ( @entity986 ) gene and one allele deletion of the @entity8605 gene, MM16, MM21, MM26, MM35, @entity73297 and MM56, from @entity1143 fluids or surgically resected @entity5 of Japanese @entity1 . MM21, MM26 and @entity73297 cells failed to develop @entity5 in BALB/c- @entity19 following subcutaneous inoculation. MM16 and MM35 cells slowly generated @entity5 at the site of subcutaneous inoculation in BALB/c- @entity19 , but lost the expression of @entity2615 -related markers such as calretinin, D2-40 and @entity3969 1 in the subcutaneous @entity5 . On the other hand, MM56 cells rapidly generated @entity5 with the expression of calretinin and D2-40 in BALB/c- @entity19 following subcutaneous inoculation. In addition, orthotopic implantation of MM56 cells into BALB/c- @entity19 developed diffusely growing thoracic @entity5 by 3 weeks after implantation. Pleural effusions were observed in these @entity19 4 weeks after implantation. @entity5 invaded aggressively into the chest wall 5 weeks after implantation and often metastasized into the lung, rib, peritoneum and pericardial cavity. On the pleural surface, MM56 cells were growing as single or multiple cell layers with the reactive mesothelium of recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that MM56 cells can behave in a manner characteristic of @entity1 @entity3620 in the thoracic cavity of BALB/c- @entity19 . The in vivo model using MM56 cells may be useful for studying the biological behavior of @entity3620 and developing its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

title: Establishment of a cell line from a Japanese @entity1 useful for generating an in vivo model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic tumors', 'refractory tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural mesothelioma', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity8605 :: ('MESH:D016518', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type 2']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity3620 is a @entity5 with increasing incidence. In the present study, we established six @entity2615 cell lines possessing two allele deletions of the @entity986 ( @entity986 ) gene and one allele deletion of the @entity8605 gene, MM16, MM21, MM26, MM35, @entity73297 and MM56, from @entity1143 fluids or surgically resected @entity5 of Japanese @entity1 . MM21, MM26 and @entity73297 cells failed to develop @entity5 in BALB/c- @entity19 following subcutaneous inoculation. MM16 and MM35 cells slowly generated @entity5 at the site of subcutaneous inoculation in BALB/c- @entity19 , but lost the expression of @entity2615 -related markers such as calretinin, D2-40 and @entity3969 1 in the subcutaneous @entity5 . On the other hand, MM56 cells rapidly generated @entity5 with the expression of calretinin and D2-40 in BALB/c- @entity19 following subcutaneous inoculation. In addition, orthotopic implantation of MM56 cells into BALB/c- @entity19 developed diffusely growing thoracic @entity5 by 3 weeks after implantation. Pleural effusions were observed in these @entity19 4 weeks after implantation. @entity5 invaded aggressively into the chest wall 5 weeks after implantation and often metastasized into the lung, rib, peritoneum and pericardial cavity. On the pleural surface, MM56 cells were growing as single or multiple cell layers with the reactive mesothelium of recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that MM56 cells can behave in a manner characteristic of @entity1 @entity3620 in the thoracic cavity of BALB/c- @entity19 . The in vivo model using MM56 cells may be useful for studying the biological behavior of @entity3620 and developing its diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

title: Establishment of a cell line from a Japanese XXXX useful for generating an in vivo model of @entity3620 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Administration of a single dose of @entity786 (20 mg/kg) to @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) @entity35 on day 12 of gestation (i.e., well after neural tube closure) results in @entity601 in almost 100% of living fetuses at term (Padmanabhan, '84). Following the same treatment, embryos/fetuses were collected at various intervals of time (from 8 hr to day 19 of gestation) and studied histologically. At 10 hr after treatment, the neuroepithelium (NE) of the brain vesicles and the neural crest-derived ganglia exhibited pronounced cell death. By day 13, cell death appeared to be more intense and extensive in the NE; the mesenchyme (ME) was less proliferative and was loosely organized. In the following days, the NE presented vacuolizations which coalesced into cavities; these cavities were often bilaterally symmetrical, contained free neuroblasts and erythrocytes, and subsequently opened into the ventricles. The choroid plexus hypertrophied, the ventricles distended, and the NE gradually became very thin. The hypertrophied capillaries of the ME cleaved through the NE, thus delaminating an outer stratum. @entity4530 developed over the brain vesicles and communicated with the cavities in the brain. Thus the ventricles and the blebs came into direct communication. The ME dorsal and lateral to the brain was loose, and at no site was it organized into the skull primordium. By day 19, there were clear and multiple discontinuities in the walls of the brain. Initial cell death and vacuolization in the NE, inhibition of ME proliferation followed by @entity1184 of the choroid plexus, and possibly enhanced intraventricular pressure and @entity548 and @entity4 of the ME seem to underlie this process of reopening of the closed neural tube.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light microscopic studies on the pathogenesis of XXXX and cranioschisis induced in the @entity35 after neural tube closure.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous blebs']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Charles Foster', 'CF']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['exencephaly']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['exencephaly']


abstract: Administration of a single dose of @entity786 (20 mg/kg) to @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) @entity35 on day 12 of gestation (i.e., well after neural tube closure) results in @entity601 in almost 100% of living fetuses at term (Padmanabhan, '84). Following the same treatment, embryos/fetuses were collected at various intervals of time (from 8 hr to day 19 of gestation) and studied histologically. At 10 hr after treatment, the neuroepithelium (NE) of the brain vesicles and the neural crest-derived ganglia exhibited pronounced cell death. By day 13, cell death appeared to be more intense and extensive in the NE; the mesenchyme (ME) was less proliferative and was loosely organized. In the following days, the NE presented vacuolizations which coalesced into cavities; these cavities were often bilaterally symmetrical, contained free neuroblasts and erythrocytes, and subsequently opened into the ventricles. The choroid plexus hypertrophied, the ventricles distended, and the NE gradually became very thin. The hypertrophied capillaries of the ME cleaved through the NE, thus delaminating an outer stratum. @entity4530 developed over the brain vesicles and communicated with the cavities in the brain. Thus the ventricles and the blebs came into direct communication. The ME dorsal and lateral to the brain was loose, and at no site was it organized into the skull primordium. By day 19, there were clear and multiple discontinuities in the walls of the brain. Initial cell death and vacuolization in the NE, inhibition of ME proliferation followed by @entity1184 of the choroid plexus, and possibly enhanced intraventricular pressure and @entity548 and @entity4 of the ME seem to underlie this process of reopening of the closed neural tube.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light microscopic studies on the pathogenesis of @entity601 and cranioschisis induced in the XXXX after neural tube closure.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of statin use and pre-operative serum lipid parameters with oncologic outcomes following surgery for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: 850 @entity1 who underwent surgery for localized @entity1358 at our institution from 2000-2012 were included. Use of statins, preoperative serum lipid profile and comprehensive clinicopathologic features were retrospectively recorded. Kaplan Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were employed to compare survival outcomes. RESULTS: There were 342 statin users and 508 non-users. Median follow-up was 25.0 months. Statin users were older, had greater body mass index and worse performance status than non-users. Tumor pathologic characteristics were balanced between groups. 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 77.9% for non-users compared to 87.6% for statin users (p=0.004). After adjustment for clinicopathologic variables, statin use was independently associated with improved @entity1349 (HR 0.54, 95%CI 0.33-0.86, p=0.011) and @entity3012 (HR 0.45, 95%CI 0.28-0.71, p=0.001). In @entity1 with available serum lipid parameters (n=193), 5-year @entity1349 was 83.8% for @entity1 with TG<250 mg/dL compared to 33.3% for those with TG>250 mg/dL (p<0.0001). Elevated serum @entity1674 (>250mg/dl) was independently associated with worse @entity1349 (HR 2.69, 95%CI 1.22-5.93, p=0.015) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Statin use was independently associated with improved survival, while elevated serum @entity412 levels correlated with worse oncologic outcomes in this cohort. These findings warrant validation in prospective studies.

title: Statin Use and Serum Lipid Levels are Associated with Survival Outcomes after Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence free survival', 'RFS']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity4558 irradiation as a palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity381 due to secondary @entity4018 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1860 and 3 with idiopathic @entity11998 presented with @entity381 , @entity158 and @entity417 . Due to symptomatic @entity381 , despite first-line treatment, the @entity1 underwent @entity4558 irradiation. Two @entity1 received two different schedules of external radiotherapy (580 cGy in 5 fractions and 600 cGy in 6 fractions). Eight @entity1 received 980 cGy in 14 fractions. Ten @entity1 received two courses of 360 cGy in 6 fractions, 3 months apart. Median follow-up was 12 months post irradiation. RESULTS: The @entity1 showed excellent response to treatment one month post-radiotherapy, while treatment was well tolerated without severe @entity137 . The dimensions of the spleen decreased significantly. @entity158 -related Visual Analogue Score (VAS) regressed after completion of irradiation. During 12-month follow-up all @entity1 maintained the benefit of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that @entity4558 irradiation could be a safe and effective palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity381 due to secondary @entity4018 .

title: Splenic irradiation as palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity381 due to secondary XXXX : a multi-institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'splenic pain']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of @entity4558 irradiation as a palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity381 due to secondary @entity4018 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1860 and 3 with idiopathic @entity11998 presented with @entity381 , @entity158 and @entity417 . Due to symptomatic @entity381 , despite first-line treatment, the @entity1 underwent @entity4558 irradiation. Two @entity1 received two different schedules of external radiotherapy (580 cGy in 5 fractions and 600 cGy in 6 fractions). Eight @entity1 received 980 cGy in 14 fractions. Ten @entity1 received two courses of 360 cGy in 6 fractions, 3 months apart. Median follow-up was 12 months post irradiation. RESULTS: The @entity1 showed excellent response to treatment one month post-radiotherapy, while treatment was well tolerated without severe @entity137 . The dimensions of the spleen decreased significantly. @entity158 -related Visual Analogue Score (VAS) regressed after completion of irradiation. During 12-month follow-up all @entity1 maintained the benefit of radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that @entity4558 irradiation could be a safe and effective palliative treatment for symptomatic @entity381 due to secondary @entity4018 .

title: Splenic irradiation as palliative treatment for symptomatic XXXX due to secondary @entity4018 : a multi-institutional experience.

answer: @entity381 :: (MESH:D013163,Disease) :: ['splenomegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Temporal changes in the incidence of cause-specific @entity344 may be one of the factors underlying changing medical practice patterns. AIM: To report temporal changes in the incidence of five major causes of specific @entity344 events. METHODOLOGY: Population-based study of @entity1 hospitalised due to @entity360 and perforation from 1996 to 2005 in Spain. We report crude rates, and estimate regression coefficients of temporal trends, severity and recorded drug use for five frequent GI events. GI hospitalisation charts were validated by independent review of large random samples. RESULTS: The incidence per 100 000 @entity1 -years of hospitalisations due to @entity360 and perforation decreased over time [from 54.6 and 3.9 in 1996 (R   = 0.944) to 25.8 and 2.9 in 2005 (R   = 0.410) respectively]. On the contrary, the incidence per 100 000 @entity1 -years of @entity694 increased over time [3.3 and 0.9 in 1996 (R   = 0.443) and 8.0 and 2.6 in 2005 (R   = 0.715) respectively]. A small increasing trend was observed for the incidence per 100 000 @entity1 -years of intestinal perforations (from 1.5 to 2.3 events). Based on data extracted from the validation process, recent recorded drug intake showed an increased frequency of anticoagulants with @entity694 , whereas NSAID and low-dose @entity117 use were more prevalent in peptic @entity1066 and colonic diverticular @entity548 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From 1996 to 2005, hospitalisations due to peptic @entity1066 and perforation have decreased significantly, whereas the number of cases of @entity694 have increased.

title: The changing face of hospitalisation due to XXXX and perforation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) complication', 'gastrointestinal (GI) complications']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular and angiodysplasia bleeding']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'upper GI ulcer bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The feasibility of conducting a large-scale Polypill clinical trial in developing countries remains unclear. More information is needed regarding the efficacy in reducing the risk factors of @entity65 ( @entity65 ), side effects, improvement in adherence and physician/ @entity1 "acceptability" of the Polypill. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial involving three sites in @entity3595 Lanka that enrolled a total of 216 @entity1 without established @entity65 . The trial compared a Polypill (75 mg @entity117 , 20 mg @entity3413 , 10 mg @entity3593 and 12.5 mg @entity918 ) to Standard Practice. After randomization, @entity1 were followed monthly for three months. Pre-specified primary outcomes included @entity551 , total @entity165 and estimated 10-year @entity65 risk. We also evaluated the recruitment process and acceptability of the Polypill by both physicians and @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 were recruited in a six-month period as planned. Two hundred three @entity1 (94.0%) completed the treatment program and returned for their three-month follow-up visits. No safety concerns were reported. These findings suggest a high rate of @entity1 acceptability, a finding that is bolstered by the majority of @entity1 completing the trial (90%) indicating that they would take the Polypill "for life" if proven to be effective in reducing @entity65 risk. Approximately 86% of the physicians surveyed agreed with and supported use of the Polypill for primary prevention and 93% for secondary prevention of @entity65 . Both the Polypill and Standard Practice resulted in marked reductions in systolic blood pressure, total @entity165 and 10-year risk of @entity65 . However, the differences between the treatment groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully completed a Polypill feasibility trial in @entity3595 Lanka. We were able to document high acceptability of the Polypill to @entity1 and physicians. We were unable to estimate the risk factor reductions on the Polypill because the control group received similar treatment with individual drugs. The Polypill was however simpler and achieved comparable risk factor reductions, highlighting its potential usefulness in the prevention of @entity65 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00567307.

title: A Polypill for primary prevention of XXXX : a feasibility study of the World Health Organization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity1007 is a well-known risk factor of @entity301 . This study was designed to determine whether a group of family physicians in an academic medical center followed recent recommendations in the recognition and treatment of young @entity1 with elevated @entity165 levels. @entity1 charts were reviewed retrospectively in 94.1 percent of the 1,129 @entity1 aged between 30 and 39 years seen in the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Family Health Center over a one-year period. Only 346, or 32.6 percent, of the charts reviewed contained the @entity1 's @entity165 values. Ninety-nine patients had serum @entity165 levels greater than the recommended treatment level of 5.70 mmol/L (220 mg/dL). Of @entity1 with elevated @entity165 levels, only 34.1 percent were treated. There was no difference in the treatment rates of faculty members' @entity1 as compared with residents' @entity1 . The incidence of treatment increased linearly with respect to rising @entity165 values. This study identified the relative infrequency with which @entity165 levels appear in the charts of @entity1 aged 30 to 39 years. It also illustrated that significantly more physician effort is required to meet suggested treatment guidelines for @entity1 with elevated @entity165 levels. The @entity165 "normal ranges" that are reported on laboratory result sheets, which are not age-specific, may be misleading, and consequently affect @entity1 care.

title: Management of elevated serum XXXX in a university-based family practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4297 @entity1 may experience @entity245 . We investigated their educational attainments from basic schooling to higher education. @entity1 AND METHODS: Using administrative databases, we identified all Danish @entity1 with a @entity299 diagnosis born from 1 January, 1977 to 1 January, 1991 and alive at age 13 years. As a comparison cohort, we randomly sampled 10 @entity1 per @entity1 . We obtained information on educational attainment from Denmark's Database for Labour Market Research. The study population was followed until achievement of educational levels, @entity204 , emigration, or 1 January, 2006. We estimated the hazard ratio of attaining given educational levels, conditional on completing preceding levels, using discrete-time Cox regression and adjusting for socio-economic factors. Analyses were repeated for a sub-cohort of @entity1 and controls born at term and without @entity154 or @entity2008 . RESULTS: We identified 2986 @entity1 . Their probability of completing compulsory basic schooling was approximately 10% lower than that of control individuals (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.79, ranged from 0.75 to 0.82 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.82). Their subsequent probability of completing secondary school was lower than that of the controls, both for all @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.80) and for the sub-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.86). The probability of attaining a higher degree, conditional on completion of youth education, was affected both for all @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.01) and for the sub-cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.07). CONCLUSION: The probability of educational attainment was reduced among long-term congenital @entity299 survivors.

title: Educational achievement among long-term survivors of XXXX : a Danish population-based follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['extracardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect', 'heart defect']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of @entity299 . Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since @entity340 contribute to most congenital @entity299 , understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various @entity154 . Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. @entity1573 embryonic and fetal @entity340 were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous @entity1131 is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from @entity340 , indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

title: Expression and deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix proteins in XXXX during @entity1573 development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital valve anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'cardiac valves']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve defects', 'atrioventricular and semilunar valves', 'valvular endocardium']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac valves']


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of @entity299 . Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since @entity340 contribute to most congenital @entity299 , understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various @entity154 . Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. @entity1573 embryonic and fetal @entity340 were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous @entity1131 is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from @entity340 , indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

title: Expression and deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix proteins in @entity299 during XXXX development.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the expression of 22 chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from smokers and non-smokers with @entity2521 and periodontally healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty subjects with generalized severe @entity7278 (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 12 periodontally healthy control subjects participated in this study. Four diseased and two healthy sites were selected from each of the @entity2521 subjects. GCF samples were collected and cytokines analysed utilizing a multiplexed immunoassay (Luminex(  ) ). Statistical analyses employed non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Compared with healthy control subjects, GCF in subjects with @entity7278 contained significantly higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-1a, @entity1356 , @entity650 , IL-12( @entity4666 ) (pro-inflammatory cytokines); @entity687 , @entity2842 , @entity10557 , regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted ( @entity5737 ) (chemokines); @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 ( @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines); @entity8252 [regulator of T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells]. Smokers displayed decreased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity1192 , @entity650 , IL-12( @entity4666 )], chemokines ( @entity687 , @entity2842 , @entity47144 , @entity5737 ), and regulators of T-cells and NK cells ( @entity6977 , @entity8252 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2521 subjects had significantly elevated cytokine and chemokine profiles. Smokers exhibited a decrease in several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and certain regulators of T-cells and NK-cells. This reflects the immunosuppressant effects of smoking which may contribute to an enhanced susceptibility to @entity2521 .

title: Influence of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid cytokines in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage chemotactic protein (MCP)-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontitis', 'periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity10557 :: ('6348', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: Castration of young (3-week-old) but not older (3-month-old) male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity19 was associated with autoantibody production similar to that of untreated female littermates. The castration-induced disease provided a unique model for the evaluation of therapeutic modalities during the first 9 months of life. Castrated male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity19 were treated with either long-term thymosin (fraction 5) or @entity251 for different periods of time. Continuous @entity251 replacement abolished the autoimmune disease-accelerating effects of castration at 3 weeks. Brief treatment during either the early or the later periods of life of castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males was insufficient to prevent accelerated anti-DNA production. Thymosin treatment, when started at the time of castration and continued through life, abolished the rise in anti-DNA. These studies suggest that @entity3800 work throughout the first 7 months of life of the @entity19 to suppress anti-DNA and that lack of @entity3800 for a relatively brief period allows anti-DNA production to be initiated. Once initiated it cannot be completely suppressed. The cellular basis of the fixed aspect of this process is unknown. A possible role of the thymus is suggested by the ability of thymosin to suppress anti-DNA.

title: Effect of partial XXXX replacement or thymosin on anti-DNA in castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: During the metamorphosis of the hawkmoth @entity4079 the larval thoracic legs degenerate to be replaced in the adult by legs of very different form and function. This change must be accompanied by a reorganization of the neural circuits controlling leg movements. As an initial step in the study of this reorganization we describe here the sensory and motor elements of this circuitry in the larval stage of life. Sensory neurons innervating mechanoreceptive hairs on the thoracic surface were stained individually with @entity1953 . Those innervating hairs on the general thoracic surface project topographically into two ventral regions of the segmental @entity21 . @entity528 also map topographically to the more ventral of these regions but in addition have arborizations in a midlateral region. The density of branching within this lateral "leg neuropil" is greatest for sensory neurons form sensilla on the more distal leg segments. Leg motor neurons were identified with intracellular recording and @entity1953 injection techniques. Those innervating muscles controlling distal leg segments have dense @entity2343 in the lateral "leg neuropil," while motor neurons controlling more proximal segments and muscles of the ventral body wall have extensive arborizations in a dorsomedial region of the ganglion. In general, flexor motor neurons are excited by medial and inhibited by lateral leg sensilla, while the opposite is true of extensors. @entity528 respond most strongly to sensory neurons from distal segments, thus suggesting some interaction within the lateral "leg neuropil." Thus, in the larval nervous system a highly ordered array of of sensory and motor elements underlies the specific behavioral responses of the legs to tactile stimulation.

title: Neural control of leg movements in a metamorphic insect: sensory and motor elements of the larval thoracic legs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic arbors']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Distal segment motor neurons', 'Sensory neurons innervating leg sensilla']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: Thirty-three cases of @entity56118 of the brachial plexus have been seen in 15 years in the gynaecological and obstetrical department of the University Hospital Piti   @entity9574  tri  re. The authors, from studying these cases, work out the factors that tend to bring about this pathological condition. They are: multiparity, excessive @entity1017 in pregnancy, fetal excessive growth, @entity1162 , instrumental delivery and @entity1266 in cephalic presentations. In breech presentations it is mainly faulty performance of the manoeuvres that are needed to deliver the shoulders. These lesions involve, in most cases, the roots of C5 and C6. Spontaneous regression occurs very often. The authors have found 25% of sequellae. It is difficult to prevent @entity1266 . It consists in realising well the size of the fetus and using instruments really sensibly when the presenting part is high in a primiparous @entity1 . In a multiparous @entity1 one has to be on the look-out for increasing macrosomia of the fetus and it is important to teach the manoeuvres that are necessary to deal with @entity1266 . As far as breech delivery is concerned the major risk is the delivery itself without there being any need for fetal or maternal criteria to alter matters. Therefore prevention in this presentation has to be the presence of a competent obstetrician at each delivery always.

title: [Retrospective study of 33 cases of XXXX of the brachial plexus].

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged second stage of labour']

entities_list: @entity56118 :: ('MESH:D010246', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical paralysis']

answer: @entity56118 :: (MESH:D010246,Disease) :: ['obstetric paralysis']


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity35 atrial @entity1063 content, plasma @entity2819 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity2661 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1063 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity2819 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity35 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity3044 . Sensitivity to @entity1063 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity4235 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity3044 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity2072 supersensitivity to @entity1425 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity2819 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity1425 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity35 .

title: Supersensitivity to @entity3044 and XXXX in right atria isolated from @entity35 submitted to a single swimming session.

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity35 atrial @entity1063 content, plasma @entity2819 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity2661 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1063 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity2819 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity35 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity3044 . Sensitivity to @entity1063 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity4235 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity3044 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity2072 supersensitivity to @entity1425 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity2819 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity1425 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity35 .

title: Supersensitivity to XXXX and @entity1425 in right atria isolated from @entity35 submitted to a single swimming session.

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoprenaline']


abstract: 1. The effects of swim-induced stress on @entity35 atrial @entity1063 content, plasma @entity2819 level and pacemaker sensitivity to @entity2661 were studied. 2. Swimming for 50 min reduced the atrial @entity1063 content and induced a long-lasting increase in the plasma @entity2819 level. 3. Pacemakers isolated from swim stressed @entity35 showed supersensitivity to the chronotropic effect of @entity3044 . Sensitivity to @entity1063 was not significantly altered. Bilateral adrenalectomy or @entity4235 pretreatment prevented the development of swimming-induced supersensitivity to @entity3044 . After in vitro denervation and addition of @entity2072 supersensitivity to @entity1425 was demonstrated. 4. It is concluded that @entity2819 , at least partially, mediates the supersensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity1425 in pacemaker isolated from acutely swim stressed @entity35 .

title: Supersensitivity to @entity3044 and @entity1425 in right atria isolated from XXXX submitted to a single swimming session.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Two pathologists reviewed and classified 45 cases of @entity4797 , evaluating each case for multiple histologic variables, including mitotic rate. In addition to recording the mitotic count for each of thirty 0.1963-mm2 high-power fields, the investigators recorded the distribution of mitotic counts in many non-spermatocytic @entity4797 . Statistically significant differences for mitotic rate in the nonspermatocytic @entity5 were noted between the observers; one observer found a mean mitotic rate of 1.815/high-power field for 43 @entity5 , whereas the other noted a mean mitotic rate of 1.388/high-power field (p = 0.001). These differences led to disagreement on the classification of 3 @entity5 . Of the 4 cases considered to be high-mitotic-rate @entity4797 by one or both observers, all @entity1 had presented with stage I disease. Three of the @entity1 were followed up for 23, 55, and 56 months, and all were free of disease; the fourth was lost to follow-up. The @entity1 with the highest mitotic rate was free of disease at 55 months of follow-up. On the basis of our findings we question the value of the designation high-mitotic-rate @entity4797 . Analysis of the distribution of mitotic counts within the @entity5 revealed them to be Poisson distributed. With these data and other empirically derived data, it was possible to estimate the probability of misclassification of @entity4797 based on mitotic rate, the diagnostic mitotic rate threshold, and the number of fields counted for mitoses. Similar analysis might be valuable for other @entity5 , particularly those of smooth muscle origin, in which mitotic rate is of diagnostic or prognostic value.

title: Mitosis counting in XXXX : an exercise of questionable significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['such tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma', 'seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']


abstract: Based on a new and specific apparatus developed by one of the authors, an original method of treatment of @entity709 , either essential or associated with acrocyanosis, is described in detail. The extremities to be treated are placed in tanks containing tap water ensuring conduction fo current between epidermis and electrode. The recommended current of 20 milli-amperes is obtained by adjustment of a potentiometer. Treatment sessions (20 minutes for hands or feet, 40 for all four extremities) take place with a well defined frequency: 3 the first week, 2 the second, I the following two weeks. Maintenance sessions are necessary when sweating recurs. In a longitudinal series of 29 @entity1 , 28 (96.5%) were significantly improved. From the 5th session onwards, the decrease in @entity1119 was evaluated by @entity1 as very pronounced in 5 cases (17.2%) and as complete in 21 cases (72.5%). In 5 of the 6 @entity1 with @entity1119 associated with acrocyanosis, the @entity1 reported attenuation of cyanotic coloration of skin and relative warming up of extremities treated. Tolerance was excellent in 28 cases, incidents being rare and minor. @entity1 with pacemakers cannot be treated by this method.

title: [A misunderstood treatment for XXXX : ionization. Principles, material, methodology, early results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']