abstract: @entity1327 is the most common cause of @entity364 in @entity791 @entity1 . Depletion of @entity1961 cells, such as occurs during advanced @entity791 , is known to be a critical risk factor for developing @entity1328 . However, the role of @entity645 -induced innate @entity32 in susceptibility to @entity1328 has not been evaluated. Thus, we sought to determine the role of Type I IFN induction in host defense against cryptococci by treatment of @entity1327 (H99) infected @entity19 with @entity26438 ( @entity26438 ), a dsRNA virus mimic. Unexpectedly, @entity26438 treatment greatly extended survival of infected @entity19 and reduced fungal burdens in the brain. Protection from @entity1328 by @entity26438 -induced Type I IFN was mediated by @entity68243 rather than @entity15905 . @entity26438 treatment induced a large, rapid and sustained influx of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes into the lung while suppressing the development of @entity1712 . The @entity26438 -mediated protection against H99 was @entity1961 T cell dependent and analysis of @entity1961 T cell polyfunctionality showed a reduction in @entity59 producing @entity1961 T cells, marginal increases in Th1 cells and dramatic increases in RORyt+ Th17 cells in @entity26438 treated @entity19 . Moreover, the protective effect of @entity26438 against H99 was diminished in IFNy KO @entity19 and by @entity636 neutralization with blocking mAbs. Furthermore, @entity26438 treatment also significantly extended survival of @entity14851 infected @entity19 with reduced fungal loads in the lungs. These data demonstrate that induction of type I IFN dramatically improves host resistance against the etiologic agents of @entity1328 by beneficial alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses.

title: Type I IFN Induction via Poly-ICLC Protects @entity19 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26438 :: ('MESH:C019531', 'Chemical') :: ['PICLC', 'pICLC', 'poly-ICLC']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity1328 :: (MESH:D003453,Disease) :: ['Cryptococcosis']


abstract: @entity1327 is the most common cause of @entity364 in @entity791 @entity1 . Depletion of @entity1961 cells, such as occurs during advanced @entity791 , is known to be a critical risk factor for developing @entity1328 . However, the role of @entity645 -induced innate @entity32 in susceptibility to @entity1328 has not been evaluated. Thus, we sought to determine the role of Type I IFN induction in host defense against cryptococci by treatment of @entity1327 (H99) infected @entity19 with @entity26438 ( @entity26438 ), a dsRNA virus mimic. Unexpectedly, @entity26438 treatment greatly extended survival of infected @entity19 and reduced fungal burdens in the brain. Protection from @entity1328 by @entity26438 -induced Type I IFN was mediated by @entity68243 rather than @entity15905 . @entity26438 treatment induced a large, rapid and sustained influx of neutrophils and Ly6Chigh monocytes into the lung while suppressing the development of @entity1712 . The @entity26438 -mediated protection against H99 was @entity1961 T cell dependent and analysis of @entity1961 T cell polyfunctionality showed a reduction in @entity59 producing @entity1961 T cells, marginal increases in Th1 cells and dramatic increases in RORyt+ Th17 cells in @entity26438 treated @entity19 . Moreover, the protective effect of @entity26438 against H99 was diminished in IFNy KO @entity19 and by @entity636 neutralization with blocking mAbs. Furthermore, @entity26438 treatment also significantly extended survival of @entity14851 infected @entity19 with reduced fungal loads in the lungs. These data demonstrate that induction of type I IFN dramatically improves host resistance against the etiologic agents of @entity1328 by beneficial alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses.

title: Type I IFN Induction via Poly-ICLC Protects XXXX against @entity1328 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Significant incremental advances in the use of systemic hormonal therapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity0 have occurred in the past few years. Benefits of systemic therapy can be broadly divided into two major categories. The first is the favorable impact of systemic adjuvant therapy on recurrence and survival following primary surgical therapy for early stage disease. In this setting, both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are effective. The results of recent trials as well as an overview analysis of randomized studies, have been able to further delineate, although not unequivocally, for which populations of @entity1 a given type of therapy is most efficacious. Additionally, a more precise estimate of the reduction in odds of relapse and @entity204 afforded by a given therapy and within a defined @entity1 subgroups is now possible, and these may be helpful in guiding clinical decision-making. Second, the treatment of advanced @entity3 remains challenging due to the inability to induce long-term remissions or cures despite common initial responsiveness to hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Over the last decade, only a few new drugs have been approved for the treatment of @entity0 , although several promising chemotherapeutic and biological agents are under scientific and clinical development. The use of therapy in this setting is therefore currently aimed at improving symptoms and quality of life. The use of conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents at escalated doses with the use of hematopoietic growth factors, peripheral stem cells or autologous marrow support in terms of improved response rates and the potential to prolong survival, achieve long-terms remissions or cures, and improve quality of life is under active investigation.

title: Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The physiological responses of the @entity3494 -hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata, such as @entity3494 uptake and chemical transformation in the fern, have been investigated. However, a few questions remain regarding @entity3494 treatment in hydroponics. Incubation conditions such as aeration, @entity3494 concentration, and incubation period might affect those responses of P. vittata in hydroponics. @entity4250 uptake was low under anaerobic conditions, as previously reported. However, in an @entity4250 uptake experiment, phosphorous (P) starvation-dependent uptake of @entity9491 was observed under aerobic conditions. Time course-dependent analysis of @entity4250 oxidation showed that @entity4250 was gradually oxidized to @entity9491 during incubation. @entity4250 oxidation was not observed in any of the control conditions, such as exposure to a nutrient solution or to culture medium only, or with the use of dried root; @entity4250 oxidation was only observed when live root was used. This result suggests that sufficient aeration allows the rhizosphere system to oxidize @entity4250 and enables the fern to efficiently take up @entity4250 as @entity9491 . X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses showed that long-duration exposure to @entity3494 using a hydroponic system led to the accumulation of @entity9491 as the dominant species in the root tips, but not in the whole roots, partly because up-regulation of @entity9491 uptake by P starvation of the fern was caused and retained by long-time incubation. Analysis of concentration-dependent @entity9491 uptake by P. vittata showed that the uptake switched from a high-affinity transport system to a low-affinity system at high @entity9491 concentrations, which partially explains the increased @entity9491 abundance in the whole root.

title: Effects of cultivation conditions on the uptake of @entity4250 and XXXX chemical species accumulated by Pteris vittata in hydroponics.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite', 'Arsenite']

entities_list: @entity9491 :: ('MESH:C025657', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenate']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['arsenic']


abstract: The physiological responses of the @entity3494 -hyperaccumulator, Pteris vittata, such as @entity3494 uptake and chemical transformation in the fern, have been investigated. However, a few questions remain regarding @entity3494 treatment in hydroponics. Incubation conditions such as aeration, @entity3494 concentration, and incubation period might affect those responses of P. vittata in hydroponics. @entity4250 uptake was low under anaerobic conditions, as previously reported. However, in an @entity4250 uptake experiment, phosphorous (P) starvation-dependent uptake of @entity9491 was observed under aerobic conditions. Time course-dependent analysis of @entity4250 oxidation showed that @entity4250 was gradually oxidized to @entity9491 during incubation. @entity4250 oxidation was not observed in any of the control conditions, such as exposure to a nutrient solution or to culture medium only, or with the use of dried root; @entity4250 oxidation was only observed when live root was used. This result suggests that sufficient aeration allows the rhizosphere system to oxidize @entity4250 and enables the fern to efficiently take up @entity4250 as @entity9491 . X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses showed that long-duration exposure to @entity3494 using a hydroponic system led to the accumulation of @entity9491 as the dominant species in the root tips, but not in the whole roots, partly because up-regulation of @entity9491 uptake by P starvation of the fern was caused and retained by long-time incubation. Analysis of concentration-dependent @entity9491 uptake by P. vittata showed that the uptake switched from a high-affinity transport system to a low-affinity system at high @entity9491 concentrations, which partially explains the increased @entity9491 abundance in the whole root.

title: Effects of cultivation conditions on the uptake of XXXX and @entity3494 chemical species accumulated by Pteris vittata in hydroponics.

answer: @entity4250 :: (MESH:C015001,Chemical) :: ['arsenite']


abstract: A male-specific component, @entity72121 ( @entity9103 ) works as an anti-aphrodisiac pheromone in @entity238 . The presence of @entity9103 on a male suppresses the courtship motivation of other males and contributes to suppression of male-male homosexual courtship, while the absence of @entity9103 on a female stimulates the sexual motivation of nearby males and enhances the male-female interaction. However, little is known how a male distinguishes the presence or absence of @entity9103 on a target @entity238 from either self-produced @entity9103 or secondhand @entity9103 from other males in the vicinity. In this study, we demonstrate that male flies have keen sensitivity to @entity9103 ; therefore, the presence of another male in the area reduces courtship toward a female. This reduced level of sexual motivation, however, could be overcome by pretest odor exposure via olfactory habituation to @entity9103 . Real-time imaging of @entity9103 -responsive sensory neurons using the neural activity sensor revealed that prolonged exposure to @entity9103 decreased the levels of @entity9103 responses in the primary olfactory center. Pharmacological and genetic screening revealed that signal transduction via GABAA receptors contributed to this olfactory habituation. We also found that the habituation experience increased the copulation success of wild-type males in a group. In contrast, transgenic males, in which @entity1246 input in a small subset of local neurons was blocked by RNAi, failed to acquire the sexual advantage conferred by habituation. Thus, we illustrate a novel phenomenon in which olfactory habituation positively affects sexual capability in a competitive environment.

title: Modification of Male Courtship Motivation by Olfactory Habituation via the GABAA Receptor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fly']

entities_list: @entity72121 :: ('MESH:C518845', 'Chemical') :: ['11-cis-vaccenyl acetate']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Yixintai Granule (YG) on mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity95 . METHODS: @entity712 @entity35 model was established by ear marginal vein injection of @entity632 . Successfully modeled @entity95 were divided into the model group, the high (8.4 g/kg), middle (4.2 g/kg), and low dose (2.1 g/kg) YG group, and the @entity1483 group (2 mg/kg). Besides, a normal control group was set up. Equal volume of physiological saline was administered to @entity95 of the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. YG at different doses was administered to @entity95 of the 3 YG groups by gastrogavage. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, once per day. After treatment the urine volume and pathomorphological changes of renal medulla tissue were observed. mRNA and its protein expression levels of @entity72122 were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the urine volume decreased significantly, mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 increased significantly in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the urine volume increased significantly, and mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 decreased significantly in all medicated groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose YG group, the urine volume significantly increased and the mRNA expression level of renal medulla @entity72122 significantly decreased in the middle and high dose YG groups (all P < 0.01). The expression level of @entity72122 protein significantly decreased in the high dose YG group (P < 0.01). Pathological changes of the renal medulla was the most obviously seen in the model group. But they were alleviated to various degrees in all medicated groups. They were more obviously attenuated in the middle and high dose YG groups. CONCLUSION: YG could improve @entity712 possibly through down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla, and elevating the urine volume.

title: [Effect of Yixintai Granule on mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP, in renal medulla of XXXX @entity95 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['Furosemide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Yixintai Granule (YG) on mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity95 . METHODS: @entity712 @entity35 model was established by ear marginal vein injection of @entity632 . Successfully modeled @entity95 were divided into the model group, the high (8.4 g/kg), middle (4.2 g/kg), and low dose (2.1 g/kg) YG group, and the @entity1483 group (2 mg/kg). Besides, a normal control group was set up. Equal volume of physiological saline was administered to @entity95 of the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. YG at different doses was administered to @entity95 of the 3 YG groups by gastrogavage. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, once per day. After treatment the urine volume and pathomorphological changes of renal medulla tissue were observed. mRNA and its protein expression levels of @entity72122 were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the urine volume decreased significantly, mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 increased significantly in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the urine volume increased significantly, and mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 decreased significantly in all medicated groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose YG group, the urine volume significantly increased and the mRNA expression level of renal medulla @entity72122 significantly decreased in the middle and high dose YG groups (all P < 0.01). The expression level of @entity72122 protein significantly decreased in the high dose YG group (P < 0.01). Pathological changes of the renal medulla was the most obviously seen in the model group. But they were alleviated to various degrees in all medicated groups. They were more obviously attenuated in the middle and high dose YG groups. CONCLUSION: YG could improve @entity712 possibly through down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla, and elevating the urine volume.

title: [Effect of Yixintai Granule on mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP, in renal medulla of @entity712 XXXX ].

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Effect of @entity117 (antiplatelet agents) in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) was still controversial. Varying studies reported varying results. Therefore, we did this meta-analysis to investigate if @entity117 could reduce cardiovascular events in @entity1 with @entity3657 .A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, CCTR, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM-disc, and relevant websites) was conducted from 1990 to September 2014. The key search terms (" @entity117 ," " @entity3657 ," "peripheral @entity432 ," and "claudication") produced 9 high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of @entity117 versus placebo/control. Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model was used to analysis of the 9 RCTs. The primary outcome was the cardiovascular events.Nine RCTs, composed of 9526 @entity1 (4786 @entity117 -treated and 4740 placebo or control-treated @entity1 ), were meta-analyzed. The results indicated that compared to placebo/control, @entity117 could not significantly reduce the cardiovascular events (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.56-1.15). Moreover, @entity117 could not produce better effect on prevention of nonfatal @entity583 (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.52-1.84), @entity64 (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.69-1.14), @entity65 (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.68-1.38), any @entity204 (OR=1.05, 95% CI=0.85-1.30), and major @entity548 (OR=1.16, 95% CI=0.82-1.65) than placebo/control. But @entity117 , as monotherapy therapy, did significantly reduce the risk of @entity64 (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.21-0.84). @entity117 , as monotherapy or combination therapy, did not result in a significant decrease in the cardiovascular events. But @entity117 , as monotherapy therapy, did significantly reduce the risk of @entity64 . Our conclusion might help clinicians in clinical treating @entity3657 . Future studies are needed to draw firm conclusions about the clinical benefit and risks of @entity117 and other antiplatelet agents.

title: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Antiplatelet Agents Versus Placebo/Control for Treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Artery Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to determine the expression of insulin like growth factor (IGF) genes in the bubaline ovarian follicles and modulatory role of IGF-I on @entity1420 production from granulosa cells (GC) of pre-ovulatory follicle in vitro. According to size, follicles were classified into four groups: GI (small), GII (medium), GIII (large) and @entity24396 (preovulatory). All IGF genes were expressed in both GC and theca interna (TI) cells. The relative expression of IGF-I and IGF receptor I (IGFR-I) genes increased with follicle size and was greatest in the pre-ovulatory follicle (P<0.05). Expression of @entity46670 and IGFR-II genes was minimal in GC but was readily detected in TI cells. In TI cells, the gene expression was greater in medium and large as compared to small and pre-ovulatory follicles. The expression of all binding protein (IGFBP) genes was detected in both GC and TI cells. Expression of @entity72123 gene increased with follicle size and was greatest in pre-ovulatory follicles (P<0.05). The expression of @entity72124 and @entity72125 was less in pre-ovulatory follicles but expression of @entity72126 and @entity72127 genes were greater at this stage. The GC culture was conducted for three time durations and with three doses of IGF-I. Expression of steroidogenic genes (StAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B) and @entity1420 concentration were increased in a dose and time dependent fashion. The present study, therefore, provided evidence of an autocrine/paracrine role of IGFs in follicular development and a stimulatory role of @entity72128 in @entity479 production in GC of preovulatory follicles in the bubaline species.

title: Localization of IGF proteins in various stages of ovarian follicular development and modulatory role of IGF-I on granulosa cell XXXX production in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data on sternotomy as a cause of chronic @entity158 , mainly restricted to 1 year after surgery. AIMS: To assess the prevalence of chronic @entity158 and its interference on daily living. METHODS: In three groups of @entity1 , a standardized telephone interview was obtained at 3 months (n=313), 1 year (n=313), and 3 years (n=319) following the rehabilitation program after cardiac surgery, in 11 rehabilitation centers. Presence, site, and the severity and interference of @entity158 on selected daily living items were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity158 after cardiac surgery was 35.3% in the 3-month group, 26.8% in the 1-year group, and 19.8% in the 3-year group (P<0.0001). @entity158 in the 3-year group was rated as moderate to severe in one-third of the @entity1 . In @entity1 aged above 75 years, the prevalence of @entity158 in the 3-month and the 3-year group was nonsignificantly different [34.2 and 29.3%, respectively (NS)]. In the 3-month group, @entity158 was more frequent in the female (51.4%) than in the male @entity1 (31.3%; P<0.01); in the remaining groups, a comparable prevalence was documented. CONCLUSION: Results form this large, retrospective, multicenter survey indicated that one out of five @entity1 still complain @entity158 at 3 years after cardiac surgery; persistence of @entity158 was more common in the older @entity1 . The approach to management of @entity1118 by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons should be improved.

title: A retrospective multicenter study on long-term prevalence of XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'poststernotomy pain', 'pain', 'postsurgical pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Most @entity1 become infected with @entity4538 ). Typically, the immune system controls the @entity281 , but the virus persists and can reactivate in states of @entity465 . While substantial information is available on the contribution of @entity405 T cells and antibodies to anti-HCMV immunity, studies of the @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 subsets have been limited by the low frequency of HCMV-specific @entity404 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Using the enzyme-linked Immunospotr assay (ELISPOT) that excels in low frequency measurements, we have established these in a sizable cohort of healthy HCMV controllers. Cytokine recall responses were seen in all seropositive donors. Specifically, interferon (IFN)- and/or interleukin (IL)-17 were seen in isolation or with @entity3646 in all test subjects. @entity3646 recall did not occur in isolation. While the ratios of @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 cells exhibited substantial variations between different individuals these ratios and the frequencies were relatively stable when tested in samples drawn up to five years apart. IFN- and @entity1199 co-expressing polyfunctional cells were seen in most subjects. Around half of the HCMV-specific @entity404 cells were in a reversible state of exhaustion. The data provided here established the @entity1198 , TH2, and TH17 characteristic of the @entity404 cells that convey immune protection for successful immune surveillance against which reactivity can be compared when the immune surveillance of HCMV fails.

title: Characterization of the HCMV-Specific XXXX T Cell Responses that Are Associated with Protective Immunity.

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of cranial Computed Tomography (CT) Scan in detecting @entity1504 related to recurrent unprovoked @entity302 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the findings in 120 @entity1 who had cranial CT scan for recurrent unprovoked @entity302 in the Department of Radiology of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from August 2010 to September 2012. RESULTS: Of the 1,240 cranial CT scans performed during the period under review, only 120 (9.7%) cases had recurrent unprovoked @entity410 as indication for the procedure and were therefore included in the study. The @entity1 were 71 (59.2%) males and 49 (40.8%) females. The ages of @entity1 ranged from 1 month to 90 years. The mean age was 29.7+21.8 years. The highest prevalence of @entity302 (25.8%) occurred in the less than ten year age group. The commonest lesions found were @entity5 11 (9.2%), @entity385 11 (9.2%) and @entity194 (5.8%). Cranial CT Scans were normal in 76 (63.3%) @entity1 with recurrent unprovoked @entity302 . The most frequent @entity410 type was generalized tonic clonic (76.7%). CONCLUSION: The use of Cranial CT Scan as a diagnostic tool led to the detection of @entity1504 in 36.7% of @entity1 with recurrent unprovoked @entity302 . The detection of @entity1504 in these @entity1 would facilitate early and appropriate intervention.

title: Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Recurrent Unprovoked XXXX Disorders at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumours']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial structural diseases', 'intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy 7']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'seizure disorders']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) comprise a unique network of capillary beds within the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and play a critical role in satisfying the nutritional requirements of @entity5995 ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Understanding the topographical and morphological characteristics of these networks through in vivo techniques may improve our understanding about the role of @entity4542 in RGC axonal health and disease. This study utilizes a novel, non-invasive and label-free optical imaging technique, speckle variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT), for quantitatively studying RPC networks in the @entity1 retina. Six different retinal eccentricities from 16 healthy eyes were imaged using svOCT. The same eccentricities were histologically imaged in 9 healthy donor eyes with a confocal scanning laser microscope. Donor eyes were subject to perfusion-based labeling techniques prior to retinal dissection, flat mounting and visualization with the microscope. Capillary density and diameter measurements from each eccentricity in svOCT and histological images were compared. Data from svOCT images were also analysed to determine if there was a correlation between RNFL thickness and RPC density. The results are as follows: (1) The morphological characteristics of RPC networks on svOCT images are comparable to histological images; (2) With the exception of the nasal peripapillary region, there were no significant differences in RPC density measurements between svOCT and histological images; (3) Capillary diameter measurements were significantly greater in svOCT images compared to histology; (4) There is a positive correlation between RPC density and RNFL thickness. The findings in this study suggest that svOCT is a reliable modality for analyzing RPC networks in the @entity1 retina. It may therefore be a valuable tool for aiding our understanding about vasculogenic mechanisms that are involved in RGC axonopathies. Further work is required to explore the reason for some of the quantitative differences between svOCT and histology.

title: Label-Free Density Measurements of Radial Peripapillary Capillaries in the XXXX Retina.

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['RPCs', 'Radial peripapillary capillaries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Social processes are key to navigating the world, and investigating their underlying mechanisms and cognitive architecture can aid in understanding disease states such as @entity161 , where social processes are highly impacted. Evidence suggests that social processes are impaired in individuals at ultra high-risk for the development of @entity716 (UHR). Understanding these phenomena in UHR youth may clarify disease etiology and social processes in a period that is characterized by significantly fewer confounds than @entity161 . Furthermore, understanding social processing deficits in this population will help explain these processes in healthy individuals. The current study examined resting state connectivity of the salience (SN) and @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) in association with facial emotion recognition (FER), an integral aspect of social processes, as well as broader social functioning (SF) in UHR individuals and healthy controls. Consistent with the existing literature, UHR youth were impaired in FER and SF when compared with controls. In the UHR group, we found increased connectivity between the SN and the medial prefrontal cortex, an area of the @entity15131 relative to controls. In UHR youth, the @entity15131 exhibited both positive and negative correlations with the somatosensory cortex/cerebellum and precuneus, respectively, which was linked with better FER performance. For SF, results showed that sensory processing links with the SN might be important in allowing for better SF for both groups, but especially in controls where sensory processing is likely to be unimpaired. These findings clarify how social processing deficits may manifest in @entity716 , and underscore the importance of SN and @entity15131 connectivity for social processing more generally.

title: Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Salience and Default Mode Networks and Aberrant Social Processes in Youth at Ultra-High Risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['default mode networks', 'DMN']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Psychosis']


abstract: @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity5 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity5 growth. After @entity5 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity19 . The growth of the @entity5 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity101 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity5 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity101 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity5 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity101 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity5 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity27863 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity5 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity9135 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity5 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity5  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity5 .

title: Dual effects of XXXX adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity1 lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'A549 tumors']

entities_list: @entity27863 :: ('5540', 'Gene') :: ['neuropeptide Y receptor Y4']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity5 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity5 growth. After @entity5 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity19 . The growth of the @entity5 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity101 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity5 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity101 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity5 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity101 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity5 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity27863 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity5 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity9135 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity5 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity5  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity5 .

title: Dual effects of @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in @entity19 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity5 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity5 growth. After @entity5 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity19 . The growth of the @entity5 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity101 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity5 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity101 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity5 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity101 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity5 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity27863 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity5 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity9135 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity5 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity5  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity5 .

title: Dual effects of @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity1 lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow diverter stents (FDSs) are increasingly used for the treatment of @entity438 . Initially developed for the management of giant and large @entity439 , their indications have progressively expanded. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FDSs for the treatment of @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) @entity439 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 94 consecutive @entity1 treated for 100 @entity438 by means of FDSs in our institution from October 2010 to January 2015, eight @entity439 (8   %) in seven @entity1 were located on the @entity6128 . Three @entity439 were located on the A1 segment, three @entity439 on the anterior communicating artery (ACom) and two on the A2-A3 junction. In three cases, FDS was used for angiographic recurrence after coiling. Five @entity1 were treated with a Pipeline embolization device, one with a NeuroEndograft and the last one with a Silk FDS. RESULTS: Treatment was feasible in all cases. No technical difficulty was reported. No acute or delayed clinical complication was recorded. Modified Rankin Scale was 0 for six @entity1 and one for one @entity1 . Mean angiographic follow-up was 9.7        3.9 months (range 6-15). Total exclusion was observed in five @entity439 (71.4   %) and neck remnant in two (28.6   %) cases. One @entity1 refused the control DSA. CONCLUSION: Our series shows the safety and effectiveness of FDSs for the treatment of @entity6128 @entity439 .

title: Flow Diverter Stents for the Treatment of Anterior Cerebral XXXX : Safety and Effectiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cerebral artery', 'ACA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) are highly aggressive @entity5 . Chemotherapy has improved prognosis significantly; however, early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Presently, the diagnosis of PCNSL depends on histopathology of @entity5 biopsies. We have previously demonstrated differential expression of microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from @entity1 with PCNSL. Based on promising findings about circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments (RNU2-1f) as novel blood-based biomarkers for @entity14 , we investigated RNU2-1f in the CSF of PCNSL @entity1 . METHODS: CSF was collected from @entity1 with PCNSL (n = 72) and control @entity1 with various @entity16 (n = 47). Sequential CSF samples were collected from 9 PCNSL @entity1 . RNU2-1f levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Measurement of RNU2-1f levels in CSF enabled the differentiation of @entity1 with PCNSL from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.909 with a sensitivity of 68.1% and a specificity of 91.4%. The diagnostic accuracy was further improved by combined determination of RNU2-1f and @entity10017 , resulting in AUC of 0.987 with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 95.7%. In consecutive measurements of RNU2-1f, which were performed in 9 @entity1 at different stages of the disease course, RNU2-1f CSF levels paralleled the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the measurement of RNU2-1f detected in CSF can be used as a diagnostic marker and also as a possible marker for treatment monitoring. These promising results need to be evaluated within a larger @entity1 cohort.

title: Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a novel diagnostic biomarker for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSLs', 'Primary central nervous system lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancer']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['central nervous system lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity6806 have been identified in @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity717 and @entity302 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity302 identified four @entity1 with @entity6806 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity6806 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with unclassified early onset @entity302 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity1522 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity6806 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity1 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity1 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity71 movements in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%), and @entity410 in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%). @entity2358 , severe @entity245 , and @entity717 were recognized in all four @entity1 . In addition, @entity2358 resembling @entity748 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity1 , respectively. All the four @entity1 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity302 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity739 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity72129 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity1 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity3391 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity6806 mutations include @entity2358 , @entity410 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 resulting in @entity410 and @entity717 .

title: @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 with XXXX , and @entity71 and stereotyped @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['oculogyric crises']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal eye movements', 'Involuntary movements', 'infantile involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-d-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies', 'epileptic encephalopathy', 'diffuse epileptiform abnormality']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability', 'movement disorders']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['infantile-onset epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity6806 have been identified in @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity717 and @entity302 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity302 identified four @entity1 with @entity6806 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity6806 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with unclassified early onset @entity302 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity1522 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity6806 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity1 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity1 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity71 movements in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%), and @entity410 in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%). @entity2358 , severe @entity245 , and @entity717 were recognized in all four @entity1 . In addition, @entity2358 resembling @entity748 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity1 , respectively. All the four @entity1 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity302 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity739 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity72129 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity1 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity3391 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity6806 mutations include @entity2358 , @entity410 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 resulting in @entity410 and @entity717 .

title: XXXX mutations cause @entity75 with @entity302 , and @entity71 and stereotyped @entity717 .

answer: @entity6806 :: (2902,Gene) :: ['GRIN1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity6806 have been identified in @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity717 and @entity302 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity302 identified four @entity1 with @entity6806 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity6806 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with unclassified early onset @entity302 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity1522 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity6806 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity1 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity1 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity71 movements in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%), and @entity410 in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%). @entity2358 , severe @entity245 , and @entity717 were recognized in all four @entity1 . In addition, @entity2358 resembling @entity748 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity1 , respectively. All the four @entity1 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity302 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity739 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity72129 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity1 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity3391 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity6806 mutations include @entity2358 , @entity410 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 resulting in @entity410 and @entity717 .

title: @entity6806 mutations cause XXXX with @entity302 , and @entity71 and stereotyped @entity717 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity6806 have been identified in @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity717 and @entity302 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity302 identified four @entity1 with @entity6806 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity6806 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with unclassified early onset @entity302 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity1522 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity6806 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity1 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity1 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity71 movements in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%), and @entity410 in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%). @entity2358 , severe @entity245 , and @entity717 were recognized in all four @entity1 . In addition, @entity2358 resembling @entity748 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity1 , respectively. All the four @entity1 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity302 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity739 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity72129 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity1 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity3391 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity6806 mutations include @entity2358 , @entity410 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 resulting in @entity410 and @entity717 .

title: @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 with @entity302 , and @entity71 and stereotyped XXXX .

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity6806 have been identified in @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity717 and @entity302 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity302 identified four @entity1 with @entity6806 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity6806 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with unclassified early onset @entity302 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity1522 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity6806 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity1 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity1 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity71 movements in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%), and @entity410 in two @entity1 (2/4, 50%). @entity2358 , severe @entity245 , and @entity717 were recognized in all four @entity1 . In addition, @entity2358 resembling @entity748 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity1 , respectively. All the four @entity1 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity302 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity739 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity72129 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity1 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity3391 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity6806 mutations include @entity2358 , @entity410 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 resulting in @entity410 and @entity717 .

title: @entity6806 mutations cause @entity75 with @entity302 , and XXXX and stereotyped @entity717 .

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['hyperkinetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic @entity2359 is a recognized long-term complication following chemotherapy in a range of diseases. @entity2359 adversely affects @entity1 ' quality of life. The objective of this study is to examine whether there is evidence of acute @entity2359 . METHODS: This prospective study included @entity1 with secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS-BMT, n = 14) and @entity1583 (HM-BMT, n = 17) receiving chemotherapy as preconditioning for bone marrow transplant. The control groups included SPMS @entity1 matched for demographic and clinical data (SPMS-PL, n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14). @entity179 was assessed at baseline and longitudinally (months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36), combining a clinical scale for disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), a serum protein biomarker for @entity179 (neurofilaments, @entity27686 -SMI35), and @entity1010 measures (magnetic resonance imaging). RESULTS: Disability progression was significantly more acute and severe following chemotherapy compared to placebo. Immediately after starting chemotherapy, serum @entity27686 -SMI35 levels increased in 79% (p < 0.0001) of SPMS-BMT @entity1 and 41% (p < 0.01) of HM-BMT @entity1 compared to 0% of SPMS-PL @entity1 or healthy controls. In SPMS-BMT serum @entity27686 -SMI35 levels were > 100-fold higher 1 month after chemotherapy (29.73ng/ml) compared to baseline (0.28ng/ml, p < 0.0001). High serum @entity27686 -SMI35 levels persisting for at least 3 months were associated with sustained disability progression on the EDSS (p < 0.05). @entity1010 rates increased acutely in SPMS-BMT (-2.09) compared to SPMS-PL (-1.18, p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION: @entity2359 is an unwanted acute side effect of aggressive chemotherapy.

title: Evidence for acute XXXX after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'Neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with @entity64 incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of @entity955 appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of an individual's stature is an important clinical factor to consider when assessing hospitalized @entity1 with @entity385 . We determined the relation of body height with clinical characteristics and discharge outcomes among @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: we analyzed prospectively collected data in 881 consecutive @entity1 with @entity385 admitted to a university hospital @entity64 service during a 5-year period starting September 2002. @entity64 subtyping was performed per modified Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) criteria. @entity64 severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale. All @entity1 were assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Mean adjusted height was compared using linear regression models with height as outcome, and @entity64 subtype, modified Rankin scale, and potential confounders as covariates. RESULTS: mean age was 67.4 years, 48% were @entity1 . Mean height was 169 cm (SD    11). In multivariable analysis, height decreased per year of age (P=0.003), those with a previous @entity64 were shorter than those without a previous @entity64 (P=0.04), and females were shorter than males (P<0.001). Height was not associated with @entity64 subtype or discharge outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Body height at hospital admission has no relation to @entity385 subtype or discharge outcome. However, @entity1 with history of previous @entity64 were significantly shorter than those without a previous @entity64 , which may be because of greater @entity64 occurrence in shorter individuals or taller @entity1 with relatively larger @entity955 dying earlier.

title: Influence of height on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation-related strokes']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with @entity64 incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of @entity955 appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of an individual's stature is an important clinical factor to consider when assessing hospitalized @entity1 with @entity385 . We determined the relation of body height with clinical characteristics and discharge outcomes among @entity1 with @entity385 . METHODS: we analyzed prospectively collected data in 881 consecutive @entity1 with @entity385 admitted to a university hospital @entity64 service during a 5-year period starting September 2002. @entity64 subtyping was performed per modified Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) criteria. @entity64 severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale. All @entity1 were assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Mean adjusted height was compared using linear regression models with height as outcome, and @entity64 subtype, modified Rankin scale, and potential confounders as covariates. RESULTS: mean age was 67.4 years, 48% were @entity1 . Mean height was 169 cm (SD    11). In multivariable analysis, height decreased per year of age (P=0.003), those with a previous @entity64 were shorter than those without a previous @entity64 (P=0.04), and females were shorter than males (P<0.001). Height was not associated with @entity64 subtype or discharge outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Body height at hospital admission has no relation to @entity385 subtype or discharge outcome. However, @entity1 with history of previous @entity64 were significantly shorter than those without a previous @entity64 , which may be because of greater @entity64 occurrence in shorter individuals or taller @entity1 with relatively larger @entity955 dying earlier.

title: Influence of height on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of XXXX with @entity385 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: generalized tonic clonic (GTC) @entity410 activity because of central nerve system oxygen @entity137 is a rare but recognized effect of HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy). Almost all case reports and database analyses about the relationship between @entity410 activity and HBOT point out that GTC @entity410 and @entity159 are more likely to occur as a result of the treatment and there are only few reports demonstrating partial @entity410 . CASE REPORT: an 87-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of tonic-clonic contractions on his left arm. He was under HBOT because of a decubitis @entity1066 . After repeated exposures to hyperbaric oxygen, he had contractions on his left arm. He was diagnosed as focal motor status. There was no evidence of acute @entity63 or @entity66 on brain magnetic resonance imaging. IV phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) 20 mg/kg was given over 30 minutes and continued orally with phenytoin at a dose of 300 mg/d. He had no subsequent @entity410 . CONCLUSION: GTC @entity410 or @entity159 as a result of GTC @entity410 are more common than focal @entity410 as neurologic complications of HBOT. Partial @entity410 as a neurologic complication of HBOT have rarely been reported and to our knowledge, this is the first case which is characterized by focal @entity159 induced by HBOT.

title: Focal XXXX induced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity47390 / @entity784 , nasal type (ENKL), accounts for less than 3% of @entity706 in Japan. Based on the results of prospective clinical trials, ENKL treatment has dramatically improved during the last decade in Japan. The @entity706 Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) conducted a phase I/II study (JCOG0211) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for newly-diagnosed, localized ENKL. The trial showed an excellent 5-year overall survival rate (70%) and acceptable @entity137 of @entity35 /3DeVIC. The NK-cell Tumor Study Group in Japan, together with Asian collaborators, conducted clinical trials ( @entity408 -PI _ PII) of @entity408 chemotherapy for @entity1 with newly-diagnosed stage IV, or relapsed/refractory ENKL. The overall response rate for 2 cycles of @entity408 in 38 evaluated @entity1 was 79%. The 2013 Japanese Society of Hematology guidelines recommend RT-2/3DeVIC for the treatment of newly-diagnosed ENKL of stage IE and contiguous stage IIE with cervical node involvement. For other ENKL, @entity408 or other @entity4445 -containing chemotherapies are recommended. A large retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and @entity137 of these new treatments in clinical practice is currently underway in Japan. Close cooperation between radiation oncologists and international collaboration will be the key factors in developing better first-line treatments for ENKL.

title: Development of new treatments for extranodal NK/ XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity47390 :: ('MESH:D054391', 'Disease') :: ['Extranodal NK']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: In Germany about 300,000 to 400,000 @entity1 are suffering from Morbus @entity304 at present. It is one of the most common @entity16 both in Germany and in Europe as a whole. With the rising number of elderly @entity1 in our population, the number of @entity304 @entity1 will strongly increase as well in future. About 20% of these @entity1 are already in an advanced stage. This stage leaves its marks with motor and non-motor sequelae. With the minority of these @entity1 oral medication is ineffective. For these relatively rare cases an indication for an L-dopa-infusion therapy (duodopa pump), an @entity3826 pump therapy or a deep brain stimulation may exist. The indication for one of these 3 therapy forms is given by the neurological clinic in agreement with the @entity1 and is only given in case of failure of oral medication. @entity5953 therapy options are very expensive. In case of the deep brain stimulation, close cooperation between the neurologist and the neurosurgeon as well as with the @entity1 is necessary. Experts warn about a transplantation of stem cells because there are no clinical studies and only partial clinical improvement with severe side effects are known. The transplantation of stem cells for advanced Morbus @entity304 is not a medically necessary treatment at present.

title: [Therapy options in the case of advanced therapy resistant Morbus XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['Parkinson']


abstract: PURPOSE: Newly developed extra-mammary @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are an issue of concern when considering the management of @entity0 survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of @entity5 and to evaluate the implications of @entity5 on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8204 @entity1 who underwent surgery at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2012 were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathologic features and survival over follow-up periods of  <=5 and >5 years were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 67.3 months, 962 @entity5 in 858 @entity1 (10.5%) were detected. Synchronous and metachronous @entity5 were identified in 23.8% and 79.0% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity259 was the most prevalent, and the second most common was @entity5 . At  <=5 years, @entity1 with @entity5 were older and demonstrated significantly worse survival despite a higher proportion of @entity1 with lower-stage @entity5 . Nevertheless, an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity5 did not reach statistical significance at >5 years. The causes of @entity204 in many of the @entity1 with @entity5 were not related to @entity0 . Stage-matched analysis revealed that the implications of @entity5 on survival were more evident in the early stages of @entity1558 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 showed worse survival, especially when early-stage disease was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to follow screening programs in @entity0 survivors and to establish guidelines for improving prognosis and quality of life.

title: Characteristics and Survival of XXXX @entity1 with Multiple Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple primary cancers', 'gynecologic cancer', 'MPCs']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Newly developed extra-mammary @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are an issue of concern when considering the management of @entity0 survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of @entity5 and to evaluate the implications of @entity5 on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8204 @entity1 who underwent surgery at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2012 were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathologic features and survival over follow-up periods of  <=5 and >5 years were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 67.3 months, 962 @entity5 in 858 @entity1 (10.5%) were detected. Synchronous and metachronous @entity5 were identified in 23.8% and 79.0% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity259 was the most prevalent, and the second most common was @entity5 . At  <=5 years, @entity1 with @entity5 were older and demonstrated significantly worse survival despite a higher proportion of @entity1 with lower-stage @entity5 . Nevertheless, an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity5 did not reach statistical significance at >5 years. The causes of @entity204 in many of the @entity1 with @entity5 were not related to @entity0 . Stage-matched analysis revealed that the implications of @entity5 on survival were more evident in the early stages of @entity1558 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 showed worse survival, especially when early-stage disease was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to follow screening programs in @entity0 survivors and to establish guidelines for improving prognosis and quality of life.

title: Characteristics and Survival of @entity0 XXXX with Multiple Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Cancers.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: On behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU), a prospective study was designed with the aim of defining the actual number of babies born with @entity1494 , @entity7891 , and @entity7890 in Europe over a 12-month period, and verifying the distribution of the @entity7891 @entity1 born during the study period among the different paediatric urology centres in Europe. STUDY DESIGN: The study was structured with a chief investigator and one national investigator for each country enrolled in the study. The national investigators nominated one local investigator for each European centre of paediatric surgery/paediatric urology and urology where the @entity7891 complex could potentially be treated. The local investigators were responsible for reporting babies treated in their institutions for @entity1494 and/or @entity7890 . During 2010, every 3 months, an electronic survey (Figure) was e-mailed to the local investigators asking them to report babies treated or referred for treatment during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixteen centres in 27 European counties were enrolled in the study. The overall response rate for the four online surveys was 79%. Two-hundred and thirty-eight babies were reported to be born with a condition within the bladder @entity13393 complex (BEEC): 71 primary @entity7890 (66 males), 146 classic @entity1494 (97 males) of which two were female @entity1494 variant, and 21 @entity7891 (17 males). Two of 67 (3%) @entity3930 , 24/146 (16.4%) @entity1494 , and 6/21 (28%) @entity7891 were antenatally diagnosed. @entity154 were reported in 2/71 (2.8%) @entity7890 @entity1 , 8/146 (5.5%) @entity1494 @entity1 , and 15/21 (71.4%) @entity7891 @entity1 . One-hundred and forty-seven (62%) of the 238 babies born in Europe with a condition within the @entity7891 spectrum during 2010 were transferred from other institutions for treatment (36 @entity3930 , 97 @entity1494 , and 14 @entity7891 ). Only 12 centres treated six or more @entity7891 and or @entity7890 @entity1 during the study period; 52 treated between one and five @entity1 , of which 22 treated only one case in 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study provides a contemporary incidence of the BEEC in Europe. It demonstrates also that only a minority (19%) of the European centres involved in the treatment of @entity7891 can be considered "high volume" @entity7891 centres. CONCLUSION: There is a case for proposing a rationalisation of the treatment of this group of conditions in a small number of @entity7891 units around Europe.

title: Prospective study on the incidence of @entity1494 and XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['male epispadias']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'bladder/cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity13393 :: ('MESH:C564009', 'Disease') :: ['exstrophy epispadias']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['exstrophy', 'cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: On behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU), a prospective study was designed with the aim of defining the actual number of babies born with @entity1494 , @entity7891 , and @entity7890 in Europe over a 12-month period, and verifying the distribution of the @entity7891 @entity1 born during the study period among the different paediatric urology centres in Europe. STUDY DESIGN: The study was structured with a chief investigator and one national investigator for each country enrolled in the study. The national investigators nominated one local investigator for each European centre of paediatric surgery/paediatric urology and urology where the @entity7891 complex could potentially be treated. The local investigators were responsible for reporting babies treated in their institutions for @entity1494 and/or @entity7890 . During 2010, every 3 months, an electronic survey (Figure) was e-mailed to the local investigators asking them to report babies treated or referred for treatment during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixteen centres in 27 European counties were enrolled in the study. The overall response rate for the four online surveys was 79%. Two-hundred and thirty-eight babies were reported to be born with a condition within the bladder @entity13393 complex (BEEC): 71 primary @entity7890 (66 males), 146 classic @entity1494 (97 males) of which two were female @entity1494 variant, and 21 @entity7891 (17 males). Two of 67 (3%) @entity3930 , 24/146 (16.4%) @entity1494 , and 6/21 (28%) @entity7891 were antenatally diagnosed. @entity154 were reported in 2/71 (2.8%) @entity7890 @entity1 , 8/146 (5.5%) @entity1494 @entity1 , and 15/21 (71.4%) @entity7891 @entity1 . One-hundred and forty-seven (62%) of the 238 babies born in Europe with a condition within the @entity7891 spectrum during 2010 were transferred from other institutions for treatment (36 @entity3930 , 97 @entity1494 , and 14 @entity7891 ). Only 12 centres treated six or more @entity7891 and or @entity7890 @entity1 during the study period; 52 treated between one and five @entity1 , of which 22 treated only one case in 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study provides a contemporary incidence of the BEEC in Europe. It demonstrates also that only a minority (19%) of the European centres involved in the treatment of @entity7891 can be considered "high volume" @entity7891 centres. CONCLUSION: There is a case for proposing a rationalisation of the treatment of this group of conditions in a small number of @entity7891 units around Europe.

title: Prospective study on the incidence of XXXX and @entity7890 in Europe.

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder/cloacal exstrophy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Williams and Mikhael (1971) described idiopathic @entity6369 (IU) as a self-limiting condition that affects @entity1 aged 5-15 years, with symptoms of urethrorrhagia, @entity3833 and haematuria. However, a proportion of @entity1 will remain symptomatic for several years, and may develop @entity3832 (Poch et  al., 2007; Palagiri et  al., 2003). There is no universally effective treatment for IU, although various strategies have been employed. OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation and long-term outcomes of @entity1 with IU, and present the efficacy of management strategies that have been utilised. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 with IU. It was based on clinical and cystoscopic findings for presentation, medical history, management and clinical progress. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were included, with a median age of 11 years (range 5-15 years) at presentation. The median duration of symptoms was 18 months (range 2-132 months). The median follow-up was 18.5 months (range 1-120 months). Seven (13.0%) @entity1 had early @entity3832 at initial cystourethroscopy, and one (1.9%) developed stricture during follow-up. Thirty-six @entity1 (66.7%) had previous circumcision and four (7.4%) had @entity850 . Eight (14.8%) had @entity2650 repair. CONCLUSION: Whilst 50% of @entity1 with IU do not require any specific treatment, those with severe/unremitting symptoms may benefit from a trial of urethral @entity230 or short-term urethral catheterisation. The mechanisms of benefit from these modalities are unclear and they require further evaluation.

title: Management strategies for idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['previous hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

answer: @entity6369 :: (MESH:D014526,Disease) :: ['urethritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity281 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity281 survivorship in @entity5399 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity281 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity281 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity281 by the pathogen @entity11137 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity281 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity2348 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive XXXX in the @entity5399 @entity5399 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['Tribolium castaneum']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity281 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity281 survivorship in @entity5399 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity281 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity281 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity281 by the pathogen @entity11137 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity281 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity2348 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive @entity2348 in the XXXX @entity5399 .

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['red flour beetle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity281 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity281 survivorship in @entity5399 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity281 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity281 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity281 by the pathogen @entity11137 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity281 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity2348 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive @entity2348 in the @entity5399 XXXX .

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Tribolium castaneum']


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed clinical data to evaluate the effectiveness of image-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) for pelvic recurrence of uterine @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2003 and 2011, 56 @entity1 were treated with HDR-ISBT with or without external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The median followup time was 33 months (range, 1-109 months). Pre-ISBT treatments included radical hysterectomy for 35 @entity1 (Group A), radical hysterectomy with postoperative radiotherapy for 8 @entity1 (Group B), and radical radiotherapy for 13 @entity1 (Group C). We initiated MRI-assisted CT-based planning for the last 49 @entity1 . The median ISBT single fraction dose was 6  Gy. The median total doses were 30 and 54  Gy with and without EBRT (range, 30-50  Gy) for Group A, respectively and 48  Gy without EBRT for Groups B and C. RESULTS: The 3-year local control (LC) rates were 85%, 75%, and 46% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively (p  =  0.017). The 3-year LC rates were 84%, 73%, and 33% for clinical target volume at the time of HDR-ISBT of <10, 10-29, and >= 30  cc, respectively (p  =  0.005). The 3-year LC results tended to be higher for @entity1 whose D100 (clinical target volume) was equal or higher than 67.1  Gy (p  =  0.098). A total of 13 late complications of Grades 3-5 occurred in 11 @entity1 (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Our image-guided HDR-ISBT for pelvic recurrence of uterine @entity5 provided good treatment outcomes. The treatment results for @entity1 who underwent radical surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy are better than those for @entity1 who underwent radical radiotherapy.

title: Treatment results of image-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for pelvic recurrence of uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although new-generation drug-eluting stents represent the standard of care among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, there remains debate about differences in efficacy and the risk of stent @entity715 between the Resolute @entity17650 -eluting stent (R-ZES) and the @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the R-ZES compared with EES in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search of electronic resources was performed using specific search terms until September 2014. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing clinical outcomes between @entity1 treated with R-ZES and EES up to maximum available follow-up. The primary efficacy end point was target-vessel revascularization. The primary safety end point was definite or probable stent @entity715 . Secondary safety end points were @entity204 and @entity583 . Five trials were identified, including a total of 9899 @entity1 . Compared with EES, R-ZES had similar risks of target-vessel revascularization (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.24; P=0.50), definite or probable stent @entity715 (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.85; P=0.24), @entity204 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79-1.30; P=0.91), and @entity583 (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36; P=0.39). Moreover, R-ZES and EES had similar risks of late definite or probable very late stent @entity715 (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.53-2.11; P=0.87). No evidence of significant heterogeneity was observed across trials. CONCLUSIONS: R-ZES and EES provide similar safety and efficacy among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

title: Safety and efficacy of resolute XXXX -eluting stents compared with @entity2239 -eluting stents: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity17650 :: ('MESH:C489443', 'Chemical') :: ['zotarolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['target-vessel myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity17650 :: (MESH:C489443,Chemical) :: ['zotarolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although new-generation drug-eluting stents represent the standard of care among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, there remains debate about differences in efficacy and the risk of stent @entity715 between the Resolute @entity17650 -eluting stent (R-ZES) and the @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the R-ZES compared with EES in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search of electronic resources was performed using specific search terms until September 2014. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing clinical outcomes between @entity1 treated with R-ZES and EES up to maximum available follow-up. The primary efficacy end point was target-vessel revascularization. The primary safety end point was definite or probable stent @entity715 . Secondary safety end points were @entity204 and @entity583 . Five trials were identified, including a total of 9899 @entity1 . Compared with EES, R-ZES had similar risks of target-vessel revascularization (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.24; P=0.50), definite or probable stent @entity715 (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.85; P=0.24), @entity204 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79-1.30; P=0.91), and @entity583 (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36; P=0.39). Moreover, R-ZES and EES had similar risks of late definite or probable very late stent @entity715 (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.53-2.11; P=0.87). No evidence of significant heterogeneity was observed across trials. CONCLUSIONS: R-ZES and EES provide similar safety and efficacy among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

title: Safety and efficacy of resolute @entity17650 -eluting stents compared with XXXX -eluting stents: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rest-activity circadian rhythm is strongly linked to an organism's entrainment. Sleep loss and prolonged @entity1295 could affect the circadian system, inducing @entity4934 . The Finnmarksl  pet is Europe's longest dogsled race. In this competition, lasting up to 7 days, @entity1 (mushers) are physically active most of the time, having little and fragmented rest. Therefore, the race provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of prolonged @entity25 . METHODS: Ten mushers, participating in the 500 km and 1,000 km categories, underwent continuous actigraph monitoring (5 days) before and after the race. During the competition, heart rate (HR) was recorded by an HR monitor. RESULTS: There was a reduction in the average activity values during the 24-hr cycle after the race. Although there were signs of a forward phase shift, these were weak and unstable. Nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA) showed reductions in interdaily stability (IS) and relative amplitude (RA). 1,000 km mushers also showed @entity25 . CONCLUSION: A period of 3 days of @entity1949 (3-4 hr of total rest per day), in which subjects were engaged in a prolonged physical effort, was enough to significantly affect the rest-activity rhythm. A longer period (5 days) in such a condition induced even more accentuated alterations, with a disturbance in nocturnal sleep. Disrupted sleep is common among hospitalized @entity1 and those working long shifts. This study demonstrates changes in the structure of the rest-activity circadian rhythm that can result and may suggest opportunities for intervention.

title: Effects of XXXX and strenuous physical activity on the rest-activity circadian rhythm: a study on 500 km and 1,000 km dogsled racers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['little and fragmented sleep']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and sleep loss', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep loss']


abstract: The combination of an irreparable tear of the rotator cuff and @entity625 joint may cause severe @entity158 , disability and loss of independence in the aged. Standard anatomical shoulder replacements depend on a functioning rotator cuff, and hence may fail in the presence of tears in the cuff. Many designs of non-anatomical constrained or semi-constrained prostheses have been developed for cuff tear @entity2720 , but have proved unsatisfactory and were abandoned. The DePuy Delta III reverse prosthesis, designed by Grammont, medialises and stabilises the centre of rotation of the shoulder joint and has shown early promise. This study evaluated the mid-term clinical and radiological results of this arthroplasty in a consecutive series of 50 shoulders in 43 @entity1 with a @entity158 due to an irreparable cuff tear and @entity625 , performed over a period of seven years by a single surgeon. A follow-up of 98% was achieved, with a mean duration of 39 months (8 to 81). The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of surgery was 81 years (59 to 95). The female to male ratio was 5:1. During the seven years, six @entity1 died of natural causes. The clinical outcome was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow score, the Oxford Shoulder Score and the Short-form 36 score. A radiological review was performed using the Sirveaux score for scapular notching. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow score was 19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 14 to 23) pre-operatively, and 65 (95% CI 48 to 82) (paired t-test, p < 0.001) at final follow-up. The mean Oxford score was 44 (95% CI 40 to 51) pre-operatively and 23 (95% CI 18 to 28) (paired t-test, p < 0.001) at final follow-up. The mean maximum elevation improved from 55   pre-operatively to 105   at final follow-up. There were seven complications during the whole series, although only four @entity1 required further surgery.

title: The Delta III reverse shoulder replacement for cuff tear XXXX : a single-centre study of 50 consecutive procedures.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['destructive arthritis', 'destructive arthritis of the shoulder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful pseudoparalysis']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['arthropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to confirm the location of an @entity674 ( @entity674 ) and to laparoscopically determine the appropriate resection line. We report a new technique for the resection of GISTs using the laparoscopic seromuscular dissection (LSD) technique, which can be preformed regardless of the @entity5 location. METHODS: Since 2009, 5 @entity1 have undergone LSD technique for the resection of an intraluminal @entity674 . The @entity5 location was confirmed endoscopically, and the exact resection line was marked laparoscopically. After 10% @entity653 was injected into the submucosal layer, LSD was performed circumferentially. The @entity5 was exteriorized into the abdominal cavity and dissected using a linear stapling device. RESULTS: The average operation time for this procedure was 134.4    18.6 min, and the mean estimated @entity190 was 10    8.9 ml. None of the 5 cases required open surgery. There was no @entity5 rupture or disruption or any other perioperative complications using this technique. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the LSD technique may be a safe and minimally invasive method for the resection of intraluminal GISTs, regardless of the @entity5 location.

title: A new method for XXXX resection using laparoscopic seromuscular dissection technique.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerin']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['intraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['intraluminal gastrointestinal stromal tumor']