abstract: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical and pathologic data of a series of @entity1 presenting to our unit with uterine malignant mixed @entity5 ( @entity3905 ) to attempt to identify prognostic factors and relate them to survival. Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3905 of the uterus from 1988 through 2000 were identified from the gynecological @entity5 registry. Data was abstracted and analyzed. The effect of a variety of clinical, histopathologic, and surgical variables on recurrence and survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity1 tended to be postmenopausal, overweight, @entity101 , and presented with @entity548 . Preoperatively 28 (76%) were thought to have clinical stage I-II disease. Nine (32%) were upstaged based on surgical data. Five (56%) of these @entity1 were found to have gross extrauterine disease and four (44%) were found subsequently to have microscopic extrauterine disease. Twenty (54%) @entity1 underwent lymph node dissection and positive nodes were found in seven (35%) @entity1 . Nine @entity1 underwent omentectomy and disease was found in three (33%). Peritoneal washings were positive in three of 16 @entity1 (19%). At the completion of primary surgery, 27 (75%) @entity1 had no @entity66 . Twelve (44%) of these @entity1 had recurrence of disease. Median disease-free interval prior to first recurrence was 15 months. Median overall survival was 30 months. Log-rank analysis performed on multiple variables, including stage, age, @entity66 , and depth of @entity3 showed a statistically significant association with overall survival probability. Only stage remained a significant independent variable predictive of overall survival (P = 0.034). We found that stage was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in @entity1 with uterine @entity3905 . Age, depth of @entity3 , and @entity41 were significant prognostic factors on univariate analysis. These factors may be a guide in order to select a group of high risk @entity1 that may benefit from adjuvant therapy.

title: Analysis of clinicopathologic factors in malignant mixed XXXX of the uterine corpus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'M  llerian tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['M  llerian tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to investigate the expression of topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha), Ki-67, @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), @entity876 , and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining in @entity6068 ( @entity6068 , N = 10), @entity6068 ( @entity6068 , N = 24), @entity5436 ( @entity5436 , N = 26), as well as @entity957 ( @entity957 , N = 22) of the vulva. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded archival tissue sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against topo IIalpha, @entity876 , and @entity1364 , as well as an affinity-isolated prediluted ready-to-use Ki-67 antibody using a standard immunohistochemical method, and stained with a colloid @entity575 solution for AgNORs. Immunostaining was quantitated by determining the percentage of positively staining nuclei in each sample to express the labeling indices (LIs) by counting the immunoreactive nuclei in 1000 epithelial cells per case for each antibody. In each specimen 200 nuclei were examined using a x100 oil emersion lens, and the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (AC) was calculated. RESULTS: The LIs for topo IIalpha, Ki-67, and @entity1364 as well as ACs increased stepwise from @entity6068 to VCs, @entity6068 , and SCCs. In contrast to @entity1364 LIs and ACs, a consistent correlation in all four groups was found for Ki-67 and topo IIalpha, suggesting that the latter is a proliferation-associated marker in these tissues. @entity876 expression was seen 8.3% of VCs, 30.8% of @entity6068 , and 54.45% of SCCs. @entity876 LIs were not correlated with LIs for topo IIalpha or Ki-67 in SCCs. The LIs for topo IIalpha, Ki-67, @entity1364 , @entity876 , and ACs were not related to @entity5 progression, FIGO stage, or @entity5 grade in SCCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents topo IIalpha and Ki-67 as useful proliferation-associated markers of @entity6068 .

title: Expression of topoisomerase IIalpha, Ki-67, @entity1364 , XXXX , and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in vulvar squamous lesions.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar condylomas', 'NE', 'vulvar epithelia', 'VC', 'normal vulvar epithelia', 'VIN lesions']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['VIN', 'vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to investigate the expression of topoisomerase IIalpha (topo IIalpha), Ki-67, @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), @entity876 , and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining in @entity6068 ( @entity6068 , N = 10), @entity6068 ( @entity6068 , N = 24), @entity5436 ( @entity5436 , N = 26), as well as @entity957 ( @entity957 , N = 22) of the vulva. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded archival tissue sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against topo IIalpha, @entity876 , and @entity1364 , as well as an affinity-isolated prediluted ready-to-use Ki-67 antibody using a standard immunohistochemical method, and stained with a colloid @entity575 solution for AgNORs. Immunostaining was quantitated by determining the percentage of positively staining nuclei in each sample to express the labeling indices (LIs) by counting the immunoreactive nuclei in 1000 epithelial cells per case for each antibody. In each specimen 200 nuclei were examined using a x100 oil emersion lens, and the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (AC) was calculated. RESULTS: The LIs for topo IIalpha, Ki-67, and @entity1364 as well as ACs increased stepwise from @entity6068 to VCs, @entity6068 , and SCCs. In contrast to @entity1364 LIs and ACs, a consistent correlation in all four groups was found for Ki-67 and topo IIalpha, suggesting that the latter is a proliferation-associated marker in these tissues. @entity876 expression was seen 8.3% of VCs, 30.8% of @entity6068 , and 54.45% of SCCs. @entity876 LIs were not correlated with LIs for topo IIalpha or Ki-67 in SCCs. The LIs for topo IIalpha, Ki-67, @entity1364 , @entity876 , and ACs were not related to @entity5 progression, FIGO stage, or @entity5 grade in SCCs. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents topo IIalpha and Ki-67 as useful proliferation-associated markers of @entity6068 .

title: Expression of topoisomerase IIalpha, Ki-67, XXXX , @entity876 , and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in vulvar squamous lesions.

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the case of recurrent @entity43 , salvage therapy represents the potential to trade off between quality and quantity of life. @entity1 and physician face a choice between chemotherapy directed at slowing disease progression and supportive or palliative care that focuses on symptom management. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of best supportive care on @entity43 @entity1 ' quality of life and length of life as compared to salvage therapy. In other @entity5 , both quantity and quality of life considerations have been shown to affect treatment preferences. METHODS: Using a decision board, we assessed preferences for salvage therapy or palliative care in the case of recurrent @entity43 among 81 @entity43 @entity1 receiving first-line chemotherapy and 75 Noncancer Controls. RESULTS: Compared to Noncancer Controls, @entity43 @entity1 overwhelmingly preferred salvage therapy; quantity of life was of primary importance. In both groups, preference was not related to age, marital status, number of @entity1 , or employment status. On average, @entity1 indicated they would switch from salvage therapy to palliative care when the median survival associated with salvage therapy was reduced to 5 months. Noncancer Controls would switch significantly sooner, when the median increment in survival period was reduced to 8 months. Switchpoint was not associated with life satisfaction, quality of life, or psychological or spiritual well-being in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 , independent of a @entity5 diagnosis, indicated a desire for continuing aggressive treatment, despite poor outcomes. Quality of life was of secondary importance, especially among @entity43 @entity1 .

title: Treatment preferences in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Broiler chicks aged 12 h after hatching were allotted according to a block design in a 7 x 2 factorial schedule of 14 treatments and four replications of 50 chicks each one. The main experimental factors were fasting for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after @entity1573 placement and sex. Independent of sex, fasting had a negative linear effect on weight and productivity of broilers at market age (42 d) without affecting feed conversion or mortality index. Groups subjected to 18 and 36 h of fasting after placement, corresponding to 30 and 48 h posthatching fasting, had lower biometrical values for small intestine (length, weight, and size; villus height; and crypt depth) than chicks fed immediately after placement. According to the Pearson test, BW of birds at 21 and 42 d were significantly correlated to BW at 7 d (r=0.77) and 21 d (r=0.45), respectively. Males performed better than females but had higher mortality rates. Fasting did not influence serum concentrations of @entity2819 or sexual @entity134 hormones. Nevertheless, early signs of sexual dimorphism arose from the high @entity53 (E2) concentration on female serum. Heterophil:lymphocyte ratio was not different among treatments, indicating that early fasting did not seem to be a stress factor 21 or 42 d after fasting. The results suggested a maximum fasting of 24 h after hatching in order to preserve @entity3749 at market age.

title: Performance and physiological parameters of broiler XXXX subjected to fasting on the neonatal period.

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['broiler productivity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Volatile anesthetics enhance the @entity4094 produced by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMRs). The neuromuscular junction is a postulated site of this interaction. We tested the hypothesis that volatile anesthetic enhancement of @entity121 is the result of combined drug effects on the nicotinic @entity934 receptor. The adult @entity19 muscle nicotinic @entity934 receptor (alpha(2), beta, delta, epsilon) was heterologously expressed in @entity1238 oocytes. Concentration-effect curves for the inhibition of @entity934 -induced currents were established for @entity3369 , @entity2899 , @entity5161 , and @entity2614 . Subsequently, inhibitory effects of NDMRs were studied in the presence of the volatile anesthetics at a concentration equivalent to half the concentration producing a 50% inhibition alone. All individually tested compounds produced rapid and readily reversible concentration-dependent inhibition. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration values were 9.9 nM (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-11.4 nM), 43.4 nM (95% CI, 33.6-53.3 nM), 897 microM (95% CI, 699-1150 microM), and 818 microM (95% CI, 685-1001 microM) for @entity3369 , @entity2899 , @entity5161 , and @entity2614 , respectively. Coapplication of either @entity5161 or @entity2614 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of @entity3369 and @entity2899 , especially so at small concentrations of NDMRs. Volatile anesthetics increase the potency of NDMRs, possibly by enhancing antagonist affinity at the receptor site. This effect may contribute to the clinically observable enhancement of @entity4094 by volatile anesthetics. IMPLICATIONS: @entity5161 and @entity2614 enhance the receptor blocking effects of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants on nicotinic @entity934 receptors.

title: Characterization of the interactions between volatile anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers at the muscle nicotinic XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the main results of the investigation of an outbreak of @entity4502 that occurred in an inner city district of Barcelona between 15 October and 15 November 2000. METHODS: Epidemiological surveys of @entity1 and environmental investigations were initiated on the day the first five cases were notified. Water samples and smears from cooling tower trays were taken for microbiological analysis. Maps of the distribution of cases and possible contamination foci were elaborated. Incidences were calculated for each census tract. RESULTS: A total of 54 @entity1 related to the outbreak were identified, with a case fatality rate of 5.5%. Incidence rate in the area closest to the cooling tower (6.40/1000) was significantly higher than that of the rest of the neighbourhood (2.23/1.000, RR 2.87, 95%CI 1.37-6.12, P = 0.0035). Cultures positive for @entity2114 serogroup 1, subtypes Pontiac, Philadelphia or Allentown, were obtained from eight @entity1 . On the 39th day of the investigation it was found that the strain isolated in one of the cooling towers coincided with the serogroup, subtype and molecular profiles identified in clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid coordination of clinicians, microbiologists, epidemiologists and environmentalists permitted the source of @entity281 and the affected cases to be correlated within a few days.

title: An outbreak of XXXX in an inner city district: importance of the first 24 hours in the investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ["Legionnaire's disease"]

answer: @entity4502 :: (MESH:D007877,Disease) :: ['Legionnaires' disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: Lack of a valid classification of severity of @entity306 and the absence of longitudinal data on which to base an opinion have made it difficult to consider prognostic issues accurately. OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of gross motor development of @entity1 with @entity306 by severity, using longitudinal observations, as a basis for prognostic counseling with parents and for planning clinical management. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study of @entity1 with @entity306 , stratified by age and severity of motor function and observed serially for up to 4 years during the period from 1996 to 2001. SETTING: Nineteen publicly funded regional @entity1 's ambulatory rehabilitation programs in Ontario. @entity1 : A total of 657 @entity1 aged 1 to 13 years at study onset, representing the full spectrum of clinical severity of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity306 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of @entity306 , classified with the 5-level Gross Motor Function Classification System; function, formally assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). RESULTS: Based on a total of 2632 GMFM assessments, 5 distinct motor development curves were created; these describe important and significant differences in the rates and limits of gross motor development among @entity1 with @entity306 by severity. There is substantial within-stratum variation in gross motor development. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based prognostication about gross motor progress in @entity1 with @entity306 is now possible, providing parents and clinicians with a means to plan interventions and to judge progress over time. Further work is needed to describe motor function of adolescents with @entity306 .

title: Prognosis for gross motor function in XXXX : creation of motor development curves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity4053 serum @entity2690 is higher in nonobese black adults than in white adults and that high @entity4053 @entity2690 predicts @entity164 2 @entity6 equally well in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, @entity4053 @entity2690 and BMI were measured in 13,416 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 . @entity1 were examined at years 3, 6, and 9 for incident @entity6 based on @entity4053 @entity413 and American @entity6 Association criteria. RESULTS: Fasting @entity2690 was 19.7 pmol/l higher among nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 (race and @entity28 interaction term, P < 0.01). There were no differences among @entity1 . Among nonobese @entity1 , the relative risk for developing @entity6 was similar between racial groups: 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) and 1.3 (1.2-1.4) per 60 pmol/l increase in @entity2690 (P < 0.01) for black and white @entity1 , respectively (interaction term, P = 0.6). Findings were similar among @entity1 . Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS: Nonobese black @entity1 have higher @entity4053 @entity2690 levels than nonobese white @entity1 , and @entity4053 @entity2690 is an equally strong predictor of @entity6 in both groups. These results suggest one mechanism to explain the excess incidence of @entity6 @entity1 but do not explain the excess among black @entity1 . Future research should evaluate additional factors: genetic, environmental, or the combination of both, which might explain higher @entity4053 @entity2690 among black @entity1 when compared with white @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity2690 , @entity28 , and the incidence of XXXX 2 @entity6 in black and white adults: the @entity731 risk in communities study: 1987-1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes in nonobese black', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity4053 serum @entity2690 is higher in nonobese black adults than in white adults and that high @entity4053 @entity2690 predicts @entity164 2 @entity6 equally well in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, @entity4053 @entity2690 and BMI were measured in 13,416 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 . @entity1 were examined at years 3, 6, and 9 for incident @entity6 based on @entity4053 @entity413 and American @entity6 Association criteria. RESULTS: Fasting @entity2690 was 19.7 pmol/l higher among nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 (race and @entity28 interaction term, P < 0.01). There were no differences among @entity1 . Among nonobese @entity1 , the relative risk for developing @entity6 was similar between racial groups: 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) and 1.3 (1.2-1.4) per 60 pmol/l increase in @entity2690 (P < 0.01) for black and white @entity1 , respectively (interaction term, P = 0.6). Findings were similar among @entity1 . Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS: Nonobese black @entity1 have higher @entity4053 @entity2690 levels than nonobese white @entity1 , and @entity4053 @entity2690 is an equally strong predictor of @entity6 in both groups. These results suggest one mechanism to explain the excess incidence of @entity6 @entity1 but do not explain the excess among black @entity1 . Future research should evaluate additional factors: genetic, environmental, or the combination of both, which might explain higher @entity4053 @entity2690 among black @entity1 when compared with white @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity2690 , XXXX , and the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in black and white adults: the @entity731 risk in communities study: 1987-1998.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity4053 serum @entity2690 is higher in nonobese black adults than in white adults and that high @entity4053 @entity2690 predicts @entity164 2 @entity6 equally well in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, @entity4053 @entity2690 and BMI were measured in 13,416 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 . @entity1 were examined at years 3, 6, and 9 for incident @entity6 based on @entity4053 @entity413 and American @entity6 Association criteria. RESULTS: Fasting @entity2690 was 19.7 pmol/l higher among nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 (race and @entity28 interaction term, P < 0.01). There were no differences among @entity1 . Among nonobese @entity1 , the relative risk for developing @entity6 was similar between racial groups: 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) and 1.3 (1.2-1.4) per 60 pmol/l increase in @entity2690 (P < 0.01) for black and white @entity1 , respectively (interaction term, P = 0.6). Findings were similar among @entity1 . Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS: Nonobese black @entity1 have higher @entity4053 @entity2690 levels than nonobese white @entity1 , and @entity4053 @entity2690 is an equally strong predictor of @entity6 in both groups. These results suggest one mechanism to explain the excess incidence of @entity6 @entity1 but do not explain the excess among black @entity1 . Future research should evaluate additional factors: genetic, environmental, or the combination of both, which might explain higher @entity4053 @entity2690 among black @entity1 when compared with white @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity2690 , @entity28 , and the incidence of @entity164 2 XXXX in black and white adults: the @entity731 risk in communities study: 1987-1998.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity4053 serum @entity2690 is higher in nonobese black adults than in white adults and that high @entity4053 @entity2690 predicts @entity164 2 @entity6 equally well in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, @entity4053 @entity2690 and BMI were measured in 13,416 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 . @entity1 were examined at years 3, 6, and 9 for incident @entity6 based on @entity4053 @entity413 and American @entity6 Association criteria. RESULTS: Fasting @entity2690 was 19.7 pmol/l higher among nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 (race and @entity28 interaction term, P < 0.01). There were no differences among @entity1 . Among nonobese @entity1 , the relative risk for developing @entity6 was similar between racial groups: 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) and 1.3 (1.2-1.4) per 60 pmol/l increase in @entity2690 (P < 0.01) for black and white @entity1 , respectively (interaction term, P = 0.6). Findings were similar among @entity1 . Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS: Nonobese black @entity1 have higher @entity4053 @entity2690 levels than nonobese white @entity1 , and @entity4053 @entity2690 is an equally strong predictor of @entity6 in both groups. These results suggest one mechanism to explain the excess incidence of @entity6 @entity1 but do not explain the excess among black @entity1 . Future research should evaluate additional factors: genetic, environmental, or the combination of both, which might explain higher @entity4053 @entity2690 among black @entity1 when compared with white @entity1 .

title: Serum @entity2690 , @entity28 , and the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in black and white adults: the XXXX risk in communities study: 1987-1998.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity4053 serum @entity2690 is higher in nonobese black adults than in white adults and that high @entity4053 @entity2690 predicts @entity164 2 @entity6 equally well in both groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At the baseline examination (1987-1989) of the @entity731 Risk in Communities Study, @entity4053 @entity2690 and BMI were measured in 13,416 black and white @entity1 and @entity1 without @entity6 . @entity1 were examined at years 3, 6, and 9 for incident @entity6 based on @entity4053 @entity413 and American @entity6 Association criteria. RESULTS: Fasting @entity2690 was 19.7 pmol/l higher among nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)) black @entity1 compared with white @entity1 (race and @entity28 interaction term, P < 0.01). There were no differences among @entity1 . Among nonobese @entity1 , the relative risk for developing @entity6 was similar between racial groups: 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) and 1.3 (1.2-1.4) per 60 pmol/l increase in @entity2690 (P < 0.01) for black and white @entity1 , respectively (interaction term, P = 0.6). Findings were similar among @entity1 . Adjusting for established risk factors did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSIONS: Nonobese black @entity1 have higher @entity4053 @entity2690 levels than nonobese white @entity1 , and @entity4053 @entity2690 is an equally strong predictor of @entity6 in both groups. These results suggest one mechanism to explain the excess incidence of @entity6 @entity1 but do not explain the excess among black @entity1 . Future research should evaluate additional factors: genetic, environmental, or the combination of both, which might explain higher @entity4053 @entity2690 among black @entity1 when compared with white @entity1 .

title: Serum XXXX , @entity28 , and the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in black and white adults: the @entity731 risk in communities study: 1987-1998.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Damage to the kidney generally elicits tissue repair mechanisms, but these processes themselves conversely may result in the progression of @entity740 . In a majority of @entity1 @entity740 progresses to a common histological end point, marked by the presence of a vast amount of scar tissue, that is, @entity631 and @entity82 . These lesions are the result of an excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Studies on RNA expression in experimental @entity8 have shown that renal mRNA levels for ECM components and cytokines can function as prognostic tools. This suggests that mRNA levels potentially predict outcome and reaction to therapy in @entity1 with @entity8 . Timely detection of molecular alterations could allow early therapeutic intervention that slows down or even prevents the development of @entity3808 and @entity75 . This review first provides a short introduction on mechanisms of initiation and progression of @entity8 . Molecular techniques are available to identify renal RNA sequences potentially involved in disease progression. We discuss several molecular techniques that are being used in kidney research for quantitation and detection of mRNA. This is followed by a brief overview of investigation in experimental @entity8 , which reveal that alterations in tissue ECM mRNA levels precede histological damage and can function as predictors of clinical outcome. In particular, studies in @entity1 kidney biopsies that evaluate the prognostic value of mRNA levels with respect to renal function are examined, paying special attention to the pitfalls that potentially are encountered when interpreting the results of such studies. Then, we elaborate on ways of optimal exploitation of mRNA quantification as a prognostic tool. The potential and limitations of microarray technology in the search for genes specifically involved in progression of @entity8 are reviewed, including RNA expression profiling and large-scale DNA mutation screening. Finally, the future utilities of microarray in nephrology and renal pathology are discussed.

title: RNA expression profiling as prognostic tool in renal XXXX : toward nephrogenomics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study surveyed opinions and self-reported practices of physicians involved in the care of elderly individuals regarding geriatric @entity101 management and included a national random sample (n = 1060) of health care professionals in the United States. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional self-conducted survey using a questionnaire developed to assess the opinions related to blood pressure (BP) and aging, BP selection, BP target, lifestyle modifications, and first-line drug choice. We also tested the impact of the @entity1 's age on the respondents' answers. A national random sample (n = 1060) of health care professionals in the United States was selected. RESULTS: We received 412 (39%) questionnaires. Thirty-five percent considered that the increase in BP with age is a normal process of aging, and 25% considered treating @entity101 in an 85-year-old @entity1 to have more risks than benefits. Sixty-nine percent considered systolic blood pressure to be the most important pressure. Respondents were more likely to start antihypertensive therapy at a lower BP and target a lower BP in 65-year-old @entity1 compared with 85-year-old @entity1 (p <.001). Respondents were more likely to recommend lifestyle modifications in 65-year-old @entity1 compared with 85-year-old @entity1 (p <.001). Only 13-17% recommend higher @entity972 consumption. Diuretics (p =.032) and beta-blockers (p =.005), but not other antihypertensives, are less likely to be used as first-line drugs by respondents in the very old. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals' understanding of BP changes with aging, BP selection and BP target levels, lifestyle modification counseling (especially concerning @entity972 consumption), and drug selection deviates in some aspects from the national recommendations especially in the very old. Improving these opinions could have a significant impact on the control rates of geriatric @entity101 .

title: Age-related bias in the management of @entity101 : a national survey of physicians' opinions on XXXX in elderly adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study surveyed opinions and self-reported practices of physicians involved in the care of elderly individuals regarding geriatric @entity101 management and included a national random sample (n = 1060) of health care professionals in the United States. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional self-conducted survey using a questionnaire developed to assess the opinions related to blood pressure (BP) and aging, BP selection, BP target, lifestyle modifications, and first-line drug choice. We also tested the impact of the @entity1 's age on the respondents' answers. A national random sample (n = 1060) of health care professionals in the United States was selected. RESULTS: We received 412 (39%) questionnaires. Thirty-five percent considered that the increase in BP with age is a normal process of aging, and 25% considered treating @entity101 in an 85-year-old @entity1 to have more risks than benefits. Sixty-nine percent considered systolic blood pressure to be the most important pressure. Respondents were more likely to start antihypertensive therapy at a lower BP and target a lower BP in 65-year-old @entity1 compared with 85-year-old @entity1 (p <.001). Respondents were more likely to recommend lifestyle modifications in 65-year-old @entity1 compared with 85-year-old @entity1 (p <.001). Only 13-17% recommend higher @entity972 consumption. Diuretics (p =.032) and beta-blockers (p =.005), but not other antihypertensives, are less likely to be used as first-line drugs by respondents in the very old. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals' understanding of BP changes with aging, BP selection and BP target levels, lifestyle modification counseling (especially concerning @entity972 consumption), and drug selection deviates in some aspects from the national recommendations especially in the very old. Improving these opinions could have a significant impact on the control rates of geriatric @entity101 .

title: Age-related bias in the management of XXXX : a national survey of physicians' opinions on @entity101 in elderly adults.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is an essential part in the diagnosis of @entity263 . Although this procedure is well tolerated by most @entity1 , sometimes it can result in some uneasiness. In this randomised double-blind placebo controlled study, we evaluated the effectiveness of intrarectal @entity3303 during TRUS guided biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 consecutive eligible @entity1 who had elevated total @entity1486 (tPSA) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) were included into this study. @entity1 were randomised into two groups. Group I received 20 cc of 2% intrarectal @entity3303 20 minutes before transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and Group II received same amount of serum physiologic. @entity158 was assessed using a 10 point modified visual analog scale. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 65.5+/-2.5 and 64.5+/-11.5 years, mean tPSA was 12.3+/-3.6 and 11.3+/-1.7 ng/ml, mean biopsy duration was 6.8+/-2.5 and 6.6+/-2.2 minutes, mean @entity158 score during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy was 4.8+/-2.2 and 4.4+/-2.1 in Groups I and II, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to age, tPSA, mean biopsy duration and @entity158 score between these groups. There was only one @entity1 who could not tolerate the procedure at all, and he was paradoxically in the @entity3303 group. CONCLUSION: The use of intrarectal @entity3303 is not superior to placebo during transrectal prostate biopsy for @entity158 control.

title: Lack of effect of intrarectal XXXX for @entity158 control during transrectal prostate biopsy: a randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy is an essential part in the diagnosis of @entity263 . Although this procedure is well tolerated by most @entity1 , sometimes it can result in some uneasiness. In this randomised double-blind placebo controlled study, we evaluated the effectiveness of intrarectal @entity3303 during TRUS guided biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 consecutive eligible @entity1 who had elevated total @entity1486 (tPSA) and/or abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) were included into this study. @entity1 were randomised into two groups. Group I received 20 cc of 2% intrarectal @entity3303 20 minutes before transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and Group II received same amount of serum physiologic. @entity158 was assessed using a 10 point modified visual analog scale. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 65.5+/-2.5 and 64.5+/-11.5 years, mean tPSA was 12.3+/-3.6 and 11.3+/-1.7 ng/ml, mean biopsy duration was 6.8+/-2.5 and 6.6+/-2.2 minutes, mean @entity158 score during transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy was 4.8+/-2.2 and 4.4+/-2.1 in Groups I and II, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to age, tPSA, mean biopsy duration and @entity158 score between these groups. There was only one @entity1 who could not tolerate the procedure at all, and he was paradoxically in the @entity3303 group. CONCLUSION: The use of intrarectal @entity3303 is not superior to placebo during transrectal prostate biopsy for @entity158 control.

title: Lack of effect of intrarectal @entity3303 for XXXX control during transrectal prostate biopsy: a randomized prospective study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the utility of measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter in @entity1 with shunted @entity1276 , suspected of having @entity428 . METHODS: 23 @entity1 with shunted @entity1276 were examined, six had well controlled ICP, 17 however manifested symptoms suggestive of @entity428 . A clinical history was taken from all @entity1 and their parents or carers. The shunt valve was examined clinically, and signs of @entity428 were sought. Ultrasound examination was performed in both eyes to measure the optic nerve sheath diameters 3 mm behind the globe. These measurements were compared with control data obtained from 102 @entity1 who attended the radiology department for unrelated renal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Control data suggested that the upper limit of normal for optic nerve sheath diameter is 4.5 mm (measured 3 mm behind the globe) in @entity1 over 1 year of age, and 4.0 mm in @entity1 less than 1 year of age. Those @entity1 with functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm; those with @entity428 had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 5.6 (0.6) mm (p<0.0001). These results confirm that optic nerve sheath diameters in excess of the control data are strongly suggestive of @entity428 . CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a simple non-invasive procedure, which is a potentially useful tool in the assessment and monitoring of @entity1 with @entity1276 suspected of having @entity428 .

title: Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound: a means of detecting acute @entity428 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension', 'raised intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the utility of measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter in @entity1 with shunted @entity1276 , suspected of having @entity428 . METHODS: 23 @entity1 with shunted @entity1276 were examined, six had well controlled ICP, 17 however manifested symptoms suggestive of @entity428 . A clinical history was taken from all @entity1 and their parents or carers. The shunt valve was examined clinically, and signs of @entity428 were sought. Ultrasound examination was performed in both eyes to measure the optic nerve sheath diameters 3 mm behind the globe. These measurements were compared with control data obtained from 102 @entity1 who attended the radiology department for unrelated renal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Control data suggested that the upper limit of normal for optic nerve sheath diameter is 4.5 mm (measured 3 mm behind the globe) in @entity1 over 1 year of age, and 4.0 mm in @entity1 less than 1 year of age. Those @entity1 with functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunts had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 2.9 (SD 0.5) mm; those with @entity428 had a mean optic nerve sheath diameter of 5.6 (0.6) mm (p<0.0001). These results confirm that optic nerve sheath diameters in excess of the control data are strongly suggestive of @entity428 . CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the optic nerve sheath diameter is a simple non-invasive procedure, which is a potentially useful tool in the assessment and monitoring of @entity1 with @entity1276 suspected of having @entity428 .

title: Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound: a means of detecting acute XXXX in @entity1276 .

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['raised intracranial pressure']


abstract: AIM: To review the clinical features, management, and outcomes of surgical treatment of @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). METHODS: A retrospective review of all eyelid SCCs treated between 1992 and 2001. RESULTS: 51 cases were identified in 50 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 26 to 93 years, with a mean age of 65 years. 33 @entity1 were male and 17 were female. The lesion was found on the lower lid in 31 cases, upper lid in five cases, lateral canthus in six cases, and medial canthus in nine cases. Perineural invasion was found in four @entity1 , and orbital invasion in three @entity1 . Recurrence occurred in one @entity1 . Treatment was by complete excision with histological confirmation of clear margins. Exenteration was required in three @entity1 . No @entity1 developed lymph node or distant metastases. One @entity1 , who declined treatment, died as a result of the @entity5 . Mean follow up was 31.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Eyelid @entity6461 is a relatively uncommon, but potentially fatal disease. However, if detected early and treated adequately, the prognosis is generally excellent. Treatment by complete excision with histological confirmation of @entity5 clearance is recommended. Perineural spread is an adverse prognostic sign, which may require postoperative radiotherapy. Orbital invasion is a rare complication but, if recognised early, can be treated effectively with exenteration. Because presentation varies and histological examination is required for accurate diagnosis, any suspicious lesion occurring on the eyelids should be excised or biopsied. All @entity1 with eyelid @entity6461 should be advised of the risk of recurrent or new @entity5 and encouraged to attend lifelong follow up. Prevention remains of prime importance in minimising the morbidity and mortality of these lesions.

title: XXXX of the eyelids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The risk of chemotherapy-induced @entity249 in male and female @entity5 ( @entity5 ) survivors is unclear, but may correlate with @entity900 dose. Here, we examine a large series of @entity5 @entity1 for the effect of chemotherapy on those attempting to have @entity1 . Our @entity5 database was screened for nonseminomatous @entity5 @entity1 who had (1). received POMB/ACE chemotherapy ( @entity900 , @entity1891 , @entity1499 , @entity1732 alternating with @entity4316 , @entity786 and @entity2879 ) and (2). stage I male @entity5 @entity1 who were untreated between 1977 and 1996. Fertility was assessed by questionnaire and medical records. A total of 64 of 153 treated and 35 of 115 untreated @entity1 attempted to have @entity1 . In all, 28% (18 out of 64) receiving POMB/ACE were unsuccessful. Radiotherapy (six), @entity3202 (one) or prior @entity249 (three) were implicated in 10 cases, so chemotherapy-induced @entity249 may have occurred in only 11% (eight out of 64). Strikingly, 26% (nine out of 35) of untreated stage I @entity1 also failed to have @entity1 (three had radiotherapy, three prior @entity249 ). Moreover, in treated @entity1 , no association was seen between @entity900 dose and @entity249 . In contrast, radiotherapy significantly increased @entity4810 (P=0.001). Of 28 treated @entity1 who attempted to have @entity1 , 25% (seven out of 28) were unsuccessful. One previously had @entity249 and one subsequently had successful IVF so chemotherapy-induced @entity249 potentially occurred in only 18% (five out of 28) and was not related to @entity900 dose. In conclusion, the risk of chemotherapy-induced @entity249 is low in both male and female @entity5 @entity1 and does not clearly correlate with the cumulative @entity900 dose.

title: Infertility rates following POMB/ACE chemotherapy for male and female germ cell XXXX - a retrospective long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumour', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic remaining testis']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) mediates bacterial adherence to @entity1 blood group antigens on gastric epithelium. Although strains harbouring babA2 were recently found to be associated with peptic ulcer and @entity356 , the role of babA2 in cellular turnover, severity of @entity3621 , and premalignant changes is poorly understood. AIM: We correlated @entity1534 babA2, vacuolating toxin (vacA), and cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) genotypes with the severity of @entity356 and epithelial cell turnover in a group of Chinese @entity1 from an area with a high incidence of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1534 isolates were obtained from 104 Chinese @entity1 who participated in a @entity356 prevention programme. Genotype variants of babA2, vacA, and cagA were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Antrum and corpus histopathology was examined according to the updated Sydney classification. Apoptosis was scored by terminal @entity6683 deoxynucleotidyl nick end labeling (TUNEL) and proliferation by Ki-67 immunostaining. RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 , 102 (98.1%) harboured cagA(+) strains and all had vacA s1 genotype. The babA2(+) strains were found in 83 (79.8%) @entity1 and were associated with higher lymphocytic infiltration (p=0.028), presence of @entity194 (odds ratio (OR) 7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-24.3), and intestinal metaplasia (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.2-25.3) in the antrum. Increased epithelial proliferation was also noted in individuals infected with babA2(+) strains (p=0.025). Strains harbouring cagA(+)/vacA s1 genotypes lacked this association in the absence of babA2. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of babA2(+) @entity1534 strains alone or in combination with cagA(+) and vacA s1 was associated with the presence of preneoplastic @entity1819 .

title: Relationship between XXXX babA2 status with gastric epithelial cell turnover and @entity1819 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['glandular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric inflammation']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA) mediates bacterial adherence to @entity1 blood group antigens on gastric epithelium. Although strains harbouring babA2 were recently found to be associated with peptic ulcer and @entity356 , the role of babA2 in cellular turnover, severity of @entity3621 , and premalignant changes is poorly understood. AIM: We correlated @entity1534 babA2, vacuolating toxin (vacA), and cytotoxin associated gene A (cagA) genotypes with the severity of @entity356 and epithelial cell turnover in a group of Chinese @entity1 from an area with a high incidence of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1534 isolates were obtained from 104 Chinese @entity1 who participated in a @entity356 prevention programme. Genotype variants of babA2, vacA, and cagA were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Antrum and corpus histopathology was examined according to the updated Sydney classification. Apoptosis was scored by terminal @entity6683 deoxynucleotidyl nick end labeling (TUNEL) and proliferation by Ki-67 immunostaining. RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 , 102 (98.1%) harboured cagA(+) strains and all had vacA s1 genotype. The babA2(+) strains were found in 83 (79.8%) @entity1 and were associated with higher lymphocytic infiltration (p=0.028), presence of @entity194 (odds ratio (OR) 7.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-24.3), and intestinal metaplasia (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.2-25.3) in the antrum. Increased epithelial proliferation was also noted in individuals infected with babA2(+) strains (p=0.025). Strains harbouring cagA(+)/vacA s1 genotypes lacked this association in the absence of babA2. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of babA2(+) @entity1534 strains alone or in combination with cagA(+) and vacA s1 was associated with the presence of preneoplastic @entity1819 .

title: Relationship between @entity1534 babA2 status with gastric epithelial cell turnover and XXXX .

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['premalignant gastric lesions']


abstract: @entity7 promotes angiogenesis, an important mediator of growth and @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to @entity7 , is under investigation as an anti-angiogenic agent. This phase I/II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in @entity1 with previously treated metastatic @entity0 . Seventy-five @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of bevacizumab ranging from 3 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg administered intravenously every other week. @entity5 response was assessed before the sixth (70 days) and 12th (154 days) doses. Safety was evaluated during every cycle. Eighteen @entity1 were treated at 3 mg/kg, 41 at 10 mg/kg, and 16 at 20 mg/kg. Four @entity1 discontinued study treatment because of an adverse event. @entity101 was reported as an adverse event in 17 @entity1 (22%). The overall response rate was 9.3% (confirmed response rate, 6.7%). The median duration of confirmed response was 5.5 months (range, 2.3 to 13.7 months). At the final @entity5 assessment on day 154, 12 of 75 @entity1 (16%) had stable disease or an ongoing response. The optimal dose of bevacizumab in this trial was 10 mg/kg every other week and @entity137 was acceptable. These data support the initiation of trials in metastatic @entity0 combining bevacizumab with chemotherapy.

title: A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few data exist concerning the natural history of lumbar spine @entity1797 and associated risk factors. We therefore undertook this study to examine the radiographic progression of lumbar spine @entity1797 over the course of 9 years in a population-based inception cohort of @entity1 from the Chingford Study. METHODS: Seven hundred ninety-six paired lumbar spine radiographs were read by a single reader for @entity5040 ( @entity5040 ) and @entity543 ( @entity543 ) using the Lane atlas at each lumbar disc space ( @entity11621 ). @entity1797 was defined using thresholds of @entity5040 and @entity543 grade 1+ in one or more vertebrae ( @entity11621 ) within a subject. Progression was defined as an increase in grade in an affected year-1 vertebra. Potential risk factors were assessed using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and other potential confounders in logistic regression models using the STATA statistical package. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age at baseline was 53.8 +/- 6.0 years, and mean +/- SD BMI was 25.4 +/- 4.1 kg/m(2). Progression rates for @entity5040 and @entity543 were 4% per annum and 3% per annum, respectively. Progression of @entity543 was predicted by age, back @entity158 , and radiographic hip and @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Progression of @entity5040 was predicted by age and radiographic hip @entity571 , with borderline significance for BMI >30 kg/m(2). No significant effects were seen for smoking, physical activity, hormone replacement therapy use, multiparity, or hand @entity571 . CONCLUSION: This is the first population-based longitudinal study to assess progression of the individual radiographic features of @entity5040 and @entity543 in lumbar spine @entity1797 . We demonstrated progression rates of 3-4% per annum, with important risk factors for progression, including age, back @entity158 , and radiographic @entity571 at the hip and knee.

title: Risk factors for progression of lumbar spine XXXX : the Chingford Study.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'anterior osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['DSN', 'disc space narrowing']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: CONTEXT: The macrofollicular variant of @entity1377 of the thyroid is a rare entity described by J. Albores-Saavedra and colleagues in 1991. It is characterized histologically by a predominance of macrofollicles and clinically by a low incidence of @entity3 . This entity may represent a source of diagnostic error, since it can be easily misinterpreted as a macrofollicular @entity652 or @entity8170 . DESIGN: In this study, we describe 3 cases of @entity1377 of the thyroid with a macrofollicular growth pattern and review the literature. RESULTS: The fine-needle aspiration biopsies in 2 cases showed large cells with optically clear nuclei and nuclear grooves, suggestive of @entity1377 of the thyroid. In one case, the cytology showed no signs of @entity5 . In all cases, the @entity5 showed a combination of the conventional follicular variant of @entity1377 of the thyroid and macrofollicles (diameter, >250 microm) occupying more than 50% of the cross-sectional area. Cytologic features were large, cuboidal cells with optically clear, ground-glass nuclei with smooth outlines, a fine chromatin pattern, nuclear grooves, and pseudoinclusions. The colloid was dense and more eosinophilic than in adjacent normal follicles. In 2 cases, there was capsular or blood vessel infiltration, and one @entity5 had metastasized to a cervical lymph node. One @entity5 recurred 1 year later as an @entity189 . Immunohistochemical staining showed a positivity of the @entity5 cells for cytokeratins 7, 17, and 19, @entity7457 , and galectin-3 and a negativity for @entity2225 and @entity876 . CONCLUSIONS: Although it has been suggested that this @entity5 is a highly differentiated variant with a favorable prognosis, our study shows that its biologic behavior is not conclusive because metastases and recurrences with dedifferentiation may occur.

title: Macrofollicular variant of XXXX of the thyroid: a histologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical study of 3 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma']


abstract: We report a solitary @entity5 in the nasal cavity of a 48-year-old @entity1 who presented with a history of bilateral nasal obstruction and long-standing @entity2072 inhalation. Physical examination revealed a large mass involving the right nasal cavity and extending into the posterior aspect of the left nasal cavity. The computed tomography scan showed opacification of airways. During surgery, the mass was found to involve the entire nasal cavity, with extension to the right maxillary sinus, posterior nasal airways, and left nasal cavity. The mass was completely excised. Pathologic examination revealed a polypoid mass 3.7 x 3.0 x 1.2 cm. This @entity5 was composed of spindle cells that were cytologically bland in a background of ropey and nodular collagen, giving a "patternless" pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained for @entity2280 and @entity2277 but not for @entity4483 protein, keratin, @entity2283 , HMB-45, and @entity2467 . This immunohistochemical pattern confirmed the diagnosis of solitary @entity5 . Although @entity2460 are usually found in the pleura, they can occur in various other locations, such as the orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, mediastinum, breast, vagina, meninges, and soft tissues. This case is of interest because the @entity5 occurred in a @entity1 with prolonged @entity2072 inhalation. Such an association has not been previously described. The exact causal relationship between @entity2072 inhalation and the @entity5 is not known.

title: @entity2460 of nasal cavity in @entity1 with long-standing history of XXXX inhalation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['solitary fibrous tumors']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: We report a solitary @entity5 in the nasal cavity of a 48-year-old @entity1 who presented with a history of bilateral nasal obstruction and long-standing @entity2072 inhalation. Physical examination revealed a large mass involving the right nasal cavity and extending into the posterior aspect of the left nasal cavity. The computed tomography scan showed opacification of airways. During surgery, the mass was found to involve the entire nasal cavity, with extension to the right maxillary sinus, posterior nasal airways, and left nasal cavity. The mass was completely excised. Pathologic examination revealed a polypoid mass 3.7 x 3.0 x 1.2 cm. This @entity5 was composed of spindle cells that were cytologically bland in a background of ropey and nodular collagen, giving a "patternless" pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained for @entity2280 and @entity2277 but not for @entity4483 protein, keratin, @entity2283 , HMB-45, and @entity2467 . This immunohistochemical pattern confirmed the diagnosis of solitary @entity5 . Although @entity2460 are usually found in the pleura, they can occur in various other locations, such as the orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, mediastinum, breast, vagina, meninges, and soft tissues. This case is of interest because the @entity5 occurred in a @entity1 with prolonged @entity2072 inhalation. Such an association has not been previously described. The exact causal relationship between @entity2072 inhalation and the @entity5 is not known.

title: XXXX of nasal cavity in @entity1 with long-standing history of @entity2072 inhalation.

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['Solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: We report a solitary @entity5 in the nasal cavity of a 48-year-old @entity1 who presented with a history of bilateral nasal obstruction and long-standing @entity2072 inhalation. Physical examination revealed a large mass involving the right nasal cavity and extending into the posterior aspect of the left nasal cavity. The computed tomography scan showed opacification of airways. During surgery, the mass was found to involve the entire nasal cavity, with extension to the right maxillary sinus, posterior nasal airways, and left nasal cavity. The mass was completely excised. Pathologic examination revealed a polypoid mass 3.7 x 3.0 x 1.2 cm. This @entity5 was composed of spindle cells that were cytologically bland in a background of ropey and nodular collagen, giving a "patternless" pattern. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained for @entity2280 and @entity2277 but not for @entity4483 protein, keratin, @entity2283 , HMB-45, and @entity2467 . This immunohistochemical pattern confirmed the diagnosis of solitary @entity5 . Although @entity2460 are usually found in the pleura, they can occur in various other locations, such as the orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, mediastinum, breast, vagina, meninges, and soft tissues. This case is of interest because the @entity5 occurred in a @entity1 with prolonged @entity2072 inhalation. Such an association has not been previously described. The exact causal relationship between @entity2072 inhalation and the @entity5 is not known.

title: @entity2460 of nasal cavity in XXXX with long-standing history of @entity2072 inhalation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for intracellular protein degradation, but there are few studies of this system in the extracellular milieu. Recently, we reported that a 70-kDa sperm receptor, HrVC70, on the vitelline coat is ubiquitinated and then degraded by the sperm proteasome during fertilization of the ascidian, @entity25598 . Here, we investigated the mechanism of extracellular ubiquitination. The HrVC70-ubiquitinating enzyme activity was found to be released from the activated sperm during the fertilization process. This enzyme was purified from an activated sperm exudate, by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and ubiquitin-agarose columns, and by @entity653 density gradient centrifugation. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 700 kDa. The purified enzyme requires @entity3282 and MgATP for activity, and is active in seawater. The purified enzyme preparation, but not the crude enzyme preparation, showed narrow substrate specificity to HrVC70. Moreover, @entity855 and ubiquitin are released from the activated sperm to the surrounding seawater during fertilization. These results indicate that ascidian sperm release a novel extracellular ubiquitinating enzyme system together with @entity855 and ubiquitin during penetration of the vitelline coat of the egg, which catalyzes the ubiquitination of the HrVC70, an essential component of ascidian fertilization.

title: Extracellular ubiquitin system implicated in fertilization of the ascidian, XXXX : isolation and characterization.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity25598 :: ('7729', 'Species') :: ['Halocynthia roretzi']

answer: @entity25598 :: (7729,Species) :: ['Halocynthia roretzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical mucocutaneous manifestations of @entity12983 are recognized easily when they occur in the classic pattern of acral or periorificial lesions evolving in recurrent crops, with an annular and migratory distribution, in a @entity1 with @entity6 who has had recent weight loss and @entity417 . Not infrequently, noncharacteristic clinical and histopathologic features are observed and, in these cases, the diagnosis of @entity788 may be delayed. AIM: To review the clinical and histopathologic features of cutaneous manifestations of @entity12983 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 13 @entity1 (eight @entity1 ) with widespread or localized @entity203 as a manifestation of @entity3123 with marked glucagon secretion ( @entity12983 ) were reviewed. RESULTS: The definitive diagnosis of the @entity203 was established at the time of diagnosis of the @entity788 (three @entity1 ) or afterwards (10 @entity1 ). In nine @entity1 , the mucocutaneous manifestations preceded the diagnosis of the @entity788 by 1 month to 3 years (mean, 12 months). In only eight biopsy specimens were the histopathologic features considered to be suggestive or characteristic of @entity12984 . Diffuse @entity8286 , that occasionally arose abruptly from normal epidermis, was observed in 12 biopsy specimens. By the time @entity12984 was diagnosed, the @entity3123 had @entity3 to the liver, regional lymph nodes, or bone in 12 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Increased awareness of the polymorphic mucocutaneous and nonspecific histopathologic features of @entity12983 is needed to avoid unnecessary delay in the diagnosis of this syndrome.

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic study of 13 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell pancreatic carcinoma', 'pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous eruption']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasized']

entities_list: @entity12984 :: ('MESH:D058568', 'Disease') :: ['necrolytic migratory erythema']

entities_list: @entity12983 :: ('MESH:D005935', 'Disease') :: ['glucagonoma syndrome', 'glucagonoma']

answer: @entity12984 :: (MESH:D058568,Disease) :: ['Necrolytic migratory erythema']


abstract: Laccase is a major virulence factor required for infection caused by the @entity1 pathogenic @entity375 @entity1327 . However, cellular processes involved in the regulation and expression of laccase remain largely unknown in @entity1327 . Here we report the identification of a @entity2865 channel gene @entity1129 which is essential for laccase activity in @entity1327 . @entity1129 shares homology to CLC-type voltage-gated @entity2865 channels from other organisms; for example, 63% homology to @entity70546 , a @entity2865 channel gene from @entity375 . A clc-a mutant, Mlac3, generated by insertional mutagenesis as well as a targeted Deltaclc-a mutant produced undetectable laccase in a liquid assay and produced no melanin on @entity2734 agar containing @entity1063 . Mlac3 was complemented with wild-type @entity1129 which restored laccase activity and melanin biosynthesis. The clc-a mutants also showed reduced synthesis of another important virulence factor, capsule, and showed reduced growth at @entity8487 . In addition, the clc-a mutation resulted in attenuated virulence in a @entity19 @entity1328 model that was restored by complementation with wild-type @entity1129 , indicating that the @entity2865 channel plays an important role in the virulence of the organism. Further analysis revealed that the basis for absent laccase expression in the clc-a mutant was a laccase transcriptional defect that could be restored by adding exogenous @entity920 . In conclusion, our findings show that @entity1129 plays a role in the expression of two important virulence factors, capsule and laccase expression, which are required for virulence of the fungal pathogen.

title: A CLC-type XXXX channel gene is required for laccase activity and virulence in @entity1327 .

entities_list: @entity8487 :: ('MESH:D010677', 'Disease') :: ['elevated pH']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans', 'C. neoformans']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: Laccase is a major virulence factor required for infection caused by the @entity1 pathogenic @entity375 @entity1327 . However, cellular processes involved in the regulation and expression of laccase remain largely unknown in @entity1327 . Here we report the identification of a @entity2865 channel gene @entity1129 which is essential for laccase activity in @entity1327 . @entity1129 shares homology to CLC-type voltage-gated @entity2865 channels from other organisms; for example, 63% homology to @entity70546 , a @entity2865 channel gene from @entity375 . A clc-a mutant, Mlac3, generated by insertional mutagenesis as well as a targeted Deltaclc-a mutant produced undetectable laccase in a liquid assay and produced no melanin on @entity2734 agar containing @entity1063 . Mlac3 was complemented with wild-type @entity1129 which restored laccase activity and melanin biosynthesis. The clc-a mutants also showed reduced synthesis of another important virulence factor, capsule, and showed reduced growth at @entity8487 . In addition, the clc-a mutation resulted in attenuated virulence in a @entity19 @entity1328 model that was restored by complementation with wild-type @entity1129 , indicating that the @entity2865 channel plays an important role in the virulence of the organism. Further analysis revealed that the basis for absent laccase expression in the clc-a mutant was a laccase transcriptional defect that could be restored by adding exogenous @entity920 . In conclusion, our findings show that @entity1129 plays a role in the expression of two important virulence factors, capsule and laccase expression, which are required for virulence of the fungal pathogen.

title: A CLC-type @entity2865 channel gene is required for laccase activity and virulence in XXXX .

answer: @entity1327 :: (5207,Species) :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of @entity263 as assessed in a Phase II/III prospective multicentric clinical trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (N = 402) presenting with localized (stage T(1-2)N(0-x)M(0)) @entity263 between 1995 and 1999 at six European sites who were not candidates for radical prostatectomy were treated with HIFU under general or spinal anesthesia. Their mean age was 69.3 +/- 7.1 (SD) years, the mean prostate volume 28.0 +/- 13.8 cc, and the mean serum @entity1486 (PSA) concentration 10.9 +/- 8.7 ng/mL. Nearly all (92.2%) of the @entity1 had one to four positive biopsy samples at baseline. The Gleason scores were 2 to 4 for 13.2% of the @entity1 , 5 to 7 for 77.5%, and 8 to 10 for 9.3%. During the follow-up, random sextant biopsies and serum PSA measurements were performed. Any positive sample in biopsies performed after the last treatment session resulted in a "HIFU failure" classification. RESULTS: The @entity1 received a mean of 1.4 HIFU sessions. The mean follow-up duration was 407 days (quartile 1 135 days, median 321 days, quartile 3 598 days). The negative biopsy rate observed in the T1-2 primary-care population was 87.2%. These results were also stratified according to the usual disease-related risk classification, and as much as a 92.1% negative biopsy rate was observed in low-risk @entity1 . Nadir PSA results correlated with prostate size and the clinical procedure. CONCLUSION: These short-term results obtained on a large cohort confirm that HIFU is an option to be considered for the primary treatment of @entity263 .

title: High-intensity focused ultrasound and XXXX : efficacy results from the European multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: The influence of early @entity32 upon the postnatal development of @entity35 primary sensory neuron subtypes was investigated. Lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were immunostained for @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ), neurofilament (NF200), and isolectin B4 (IB4) binding. Proportions of each subpopulation were measured at postnatal day (P) 0, P3, P7, and @entity7504 in normal pups and in those that had received a unilateral hindpaw carrageenan injection at P1. The effects were compared with those following a similar injury in adults. Both the IB4 (positive [+ve]) and NF200+ve cell populations increased postnatally (IB4+ve: 23 +/- 1.6% to 32.6 +/- 1.3%; NF200+ve: 33.8 +/- 1.2% to 43.3 +/- 1.9%), whereas the population of @entity4655 +ve cells stayed the same. @entity32 , the rise in IB4+ve binding occurred earlier but was the same as that in controls by @entity7504 . The @entity4655 +ve population increased at 2 and 6 days after carrageenan in neonates, because of an increase in both small @entity4655 /IB4 and larger @entity4655 /NF200 double-labeled cells, but was normal by 3 weeks. Carrageenan in adults caused an increase in @entity4655 /IB4 cells only. The effects of @entity32 differ in neonatal and adult DRG. Neonatal @entity32 causes @entity4655 upregulation in both small and large cells and accelerates the postnatal increase in IB4 binding. These effects might influence subsequent central development.

title: Influence of XXXX on the postnatal maturation of primary sensory neuron phenotype in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammation', 'inflammation', 'After neonatal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4655 :: ('24241(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CGRP', 'calcitonin gene-related peptide']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['peripheral inflammation']


abstract: The influence of early @entity32 upon the postnatal development of @entity35 primary sensory neuron subtypes was investigated. Lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were immunostained for @entity4655 ( @entity4655 ), neurofilament (NF200), and isolectin B4 (IB4) binding. Proportions of each subpopulation were measured at postnatal day (P) 0, P3, P7, and @entity7504 in normal pups and in those that had received a unilateral hindpaw carrageenan injection at P1. The effects were compared with those following a similar injury in adults. Both the IB4 (positive [+ve]) and NF200+ve cell populations increased postnatally (IB4+ve: 23 +/- 1.6% to 32.6 +/- 1.3%; NF200+ve: 33.8 +/- 1.2% to 43.3 +/- 1.9%), whereas the population of @entity4655 +ve cells stayed the same. @entity32 , the rise in IB4+ve binding occurred earlier but was the same as that in controls by @entity7504 . The @entity4655 +ve population increased at 2 and 6 days after carrageenan in neonates, because of an increase in both small @entity4655 /IB4 and larger @entity4655 /NF200 double-labeled cells, but was normal by 3 weeks. Carrageenan in adults caused an increase in @entity4655 /IB4 cells only. The effects of @entity32 differ in neonatal and adult DRG. Neonatal @entity32 causes @entity4655 upregulation in both small and large cells and accelerates the postnatal increase in IB4 binding. These effects might influence subsequent central development.

title: Influence of @entity32 on the postnatal maturation of primary sensory neuron phenotype in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bioenterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB) has been a safe and effective method used in treatment of moderate @entity28 . @entity356 is a rare complication, and its possible sequelae are dangerous. METHODS: A 52-year-old @entity1 (BMI 37 kg/m(2)), with @entity357 , moderate @entity101 and @entity1353 , 1 year ago underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. She now underwent positioning of a BIB filled with 500 cc of saline. After 8 days, 6 kg weight loss occurred and her clinical condition was satisfactory. On day 11, severe @entity490 and @entity391 occurred, which spontaneously regressed in the following 6-8 hours. Ultrasound confirmed the correct position of the BIB, and showed widespread abdominal meteorism. On day 18, acute abdomen with @entity8442 occurred. On admission, CT scan documented hydropneumoperitonitis. At operation, a large perforation of the lesser curvature was found, with undigested food in the abdomen. She underwent peritoneal lavage, removal of the BIB, and suture of the gastric laceration. RESULTS: She was discharged in good condition after 11 days. CONCLUSION: According to our experience, fundoplication represents an absolute contraindication to positioning of a BIB.

title: XXXX in an @entity28 @entity1 with an intragastric balloon, following previous fundoplication.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric perforation']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric perforation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bioenterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB) has been a safe and effective method used in treatment of moderate @entity28 . @entity356 is a rare complication, and its possible sequelae are dangerous. METHODS: A 52-year-old @entity1 (BMI 37 kg/m(2)), with @entity357 , moderate @entity101 and @entity1353 , 1 year ago underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. She now underwent positioning of a BIB filled with 500 cc of saline. After 8 days, 6 kg weight loss occurred and her clinical condition was satisfactory. On day 11, severe @entity490 and @entity391 occurred, which spontaneously regressed in the following 6-8 hours. Ultrasound confirmed the correct position of the BIB, and showed widespread abdominal meteorism. On day 18, acute abdomen with @entity8442 occurred. On admission, CT scan documented hydropneumoperitonitis. At operation, a large perforation of the lesser curvature was found, with undigested food in the abdomen. She underwent peritoneal lavage, removal of the BIB, and suture of the gastric laceration. RESULTS: She was discharged in good condition after 11 days. CONCLUSION: According to our experience, fundoplication represents an absolute contraindication to positioning of a BIB.

title: @entity356 in an XXXX @entity1 with an intragastric balloon, following previous fundoplication.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Bioenterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB) has been a safe and effective method used in treatment of moderate @entity28 . @entity356 is a rare complication, and its possible sequelae are dangerous. METHODS: A 52-year-old @entity1 (BMI 37 kg/m(2)), with @entity357 , moderate @entity101 and @entity1353 , 1 year ago underwent laparoscopic fundoplication. She now underwent positioning of a BIB filled with 500 cc of saline. After 8 days, 6 kg weight loss occurred and her clinical condition was satisfactory. On day 11, severe @entity490 and @entity391 occurred, which spontaneously regressed in the following 6-8 hours. Ultrasound confirmed the correct position of the BIB, and showed widespread abdominal meteorism. On day 18, acute abdomen with @entity8442 occurred. On admission, CT scan documented hydropneumoperitonitis. At operation, a large perforation of the lesser curvature was found, with undigested food in the abdomen. She underwent peritoneal lavage, removal of the BIB, and suture of the gastric laceration. RESULTS: She was discharged in good condition after 11 days. CONCLUSION: According to our experience, fundoplication represents an absolute contraindication to positioning of a BIB.

title: @entity356 in an @entity28 XXXX with an intragastric balloon, following previous fundoplication.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The preferred treatment for @entity4254 consists of antiepileptic drugs. Among them, @entity2682 has shown promise in relieving some forms of @entity9 . This retrospective review examined 194 consecutive cases of @entity4254 , many of whom had paroxysmal @entity158 resistant to previous surgical interventions or treatment with multiple medications. Of the 92 who had received a trial of @entity2682 , 43 reported reduction in @entity158 . This benefit was complete in 16, nearly complete in 9, moderate in 12, and partial in 6. Onset of @entity158 relief occurred generally within 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the rate and end point of dose titration. The effective range of stable daily dosing varied from 100 to 2400 mg divided 3 times a day, with a mean of 930 mg. @entity158 relief was sustained in two thirds during a mean follow-up time of 8 months. The fact that @entity2682 was well-tolerated and without serious side effects is an important advantage when prescribing for elderly @entity1 . The present study suggests that @entity2682 can be effective as first or second line treatment of @entity4254 , even in cases resistant to traditional treatment modalities.

title: Defining the role for @entity2682 in the treatment of XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: The preferred treatment for @entity4254 consists of antiepileptic drugs. Among them, @entity2682 has shown promise in relieving some forms of @entity9 . This retrospective review examined 194 consecutive cases of @entity4254 , many of whom had paroxysmal @entity158 resistant to previous surgical interventions or treatment with multiple medications. Of the 92 who had received a trial of @entity2682 , 43 reported reduction in @entity158 . This benefit was complete in 16, nearly complete in 9, moderate in 12, and partial in 6. Onset of @entity158 relief occurred generally within 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the rate and end point of dose titration. The effective range of stable daily dosing varied from 100 to 2400 mg divided 3 times a day, with a mean of 930 mg. @entity158 relief was sustained in two thirds during a mean follow-up time of 8 months. The fact that @entity2682 was well-tolerated and without serious side effects is an important advantage when prescribing for elderly @entity1 . The present study suggests that @entity2682 can be effective as first or second line treatment of @entity4254 , even in cases resistant to traditional treatment modalities.

title: Defining the role for XXXX in the treatment of @entity4254 : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: The objective of this international, multicenter, open-label trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of up to 12 months of therapy with transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) @entity3575 in @entity1 (n = 532) with chronic @entity158 . The trial was completed by 301 (57%) of the @entity1 . The main outcome measures were @entity158 control assessment, global treatment satisfaction, @entity1 preference for TTS @entity3575 , and quality of life. The mean dose of transdermal @entity3575 ( @entity12046 ) increased from 48 to 90 microg/h during a period of 12 months. During treatment, on average 67% of @entity1 within the efficacy analysis group (n = 524) reported very good, good, or moderate @entity158 control. Global satisfaction (very good or good) was also stable at 42%. The majority (86%) of @entity1 reported a preference for @entity12046 over their previous treatment (P < .001, binomial test). Short Form 36 quality-of-life scores improved from baseline for @entity158 . The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were @entity390 (31%), @entity1142 (19%), and @entity2147 (18%). With regard to opioid-specific adverse events ( @entity1576 [< 1%], @entity1887 [< 1%], @entity734 [1%], and @entity3347 [3%]), these were extremely rare and, with the exception of @entity3347 , none was considered definitively related to the treatment. Long-term treatment with @entity12046 provided a stable degree of @entity158 control in the majority of @entity1 with moderate to severe chronic @entity158 . It was preferred by the majority of @entity1 compared with their previous opioid medication. Overall, long-term treatment with @entity12046 was generally well tolerated, particularly in view of the low incidence of potentially serious side effects such as @entity734 and @entity1576 . However, at present, it is important that @entity1 receiving @entity12046 should still be subject to careful assessment and monitoring.

title: Evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity3575 in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['opioid withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain', 'pain', 'bodily pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse/dependence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['noncancer pain']


abstract: The objective of this international, multicenter, open-label trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of up to 12 months of therapy with transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) @entity3575 in @entity1 (n = 532) with chronic @entity158 . The trial was completed by 301 (57%) of the @entity1 . The main outcome measures were @entity158 control assessment, global treatment satisfaction, @entity1 preference for TTS @entity3575 , and quality of life. The mean dose of transdermal @entity3575 ( @entity12046 ) increased from 48 to 90 microg/h during a period of 12 months. During treatment, on average 67% of @entity1 within the efficacy analysis group (n = 524) reported very good, good, or moderate @entity158 control. Global satisfaction (very good or good) was also stable at 42%. The majority (86%) of @entity1 reported a preference for @entity12046 over their previous treatment (P < .001, binomial test). Short Form 36 quality-of-life scores improved from baseline for @entity158 . The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were @entity390 (31%), @entity1142 (19%), and @entity2147 (18%). With regard to opioid-specific adverse events ( @entity1576 [< 1%], @entity1887 [< 1%], @entity734 [1%], and @entity3347 [3%]), these were extremely rare and, with the exception of @entity3347 , none was considered definitively related to the treatment. Long-term treatment with @entity12046 provided a stable degree of @entity158 control in the majority of @entity1 with moderate to severe chronic @entity158 . It was preferred by the majority of @entity1 compared with their previous opioid medication. Overall, long-term treatment with @entity12046 was generally well tolerated, particularly in view of the low incidence of potentially serious side effects such as @entity734 and @entity1576 . However, at present, it is important that @entity1 receiving @entity12046 should still be subject to careful assessment and monitoring.

title: Evaluation of long-term efficacy and safety of transdermal XXXX in the treatment of chronic @entity158 .

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Since the introduction of antenatal diagnostic screening, @entity15740 ( @entity15740 ) has been diagnosed in 1 of 4300 live births. We analyze our own experience and demonstrate a management regime based on these results and existing studies. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis was carried out in 110 @entity1 , prenatally diagnosed with MCDK. A total of 93 @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of unilateral MCDK were born alive and followed up in our institutions. RESULTS: A total of 110 unilateral @entity5409 were prenatally diagnosed; 93 were confirmed postnatally. These @entity1 were retrospectively allocated to two treatment groups: 51 were operated upon; 42 were treated conservatively. A micturition cystourethrogram was performed 88 times, yielding 20 pathological findings. @entity3025 was identified 11 times (12.5%). Eleven @entity1 (12%) had associated non-urological abnormalities. @entity853 predominated. After 1995, nephrectomy was performed only when clinically indicated. Thirty-seven @entity1 were treated conservatively for between 4 months and 6 years (mean 33 months); 28 @entity8 exhibited size reduction. Complete involution was noted in 16 of 28 @entity1 between 7 and 29 months (mean 16.2 months). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that neonatal nephrectomy of unilateral MCDK is rarely required. It also shows that the discussed @entity600 is not an isolated @entity851 . In a high proportion, associated @entity790 were present and therapeutically relevant, and determined the overall prognosis.

title: Follow-up of unilateral XXXX after prenatal diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac and musculoskeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity15740 :: ('MESH:D021782', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic kidney dysplasia', 'MCKD']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital abnormalities']

answer: @entity15740 :: (MESH:D021782,Disease) :: ['multicystic kidney dysplasia']


abstract: Despite the availability of effective treatments for @entity2743 , there are @entity1 who are unable to tolerate, or choose not to accept, current therapies (oral medication, radioactive @entity1496 , or surgery). In this study, we have examined the use of @entity1374 as an option for @entity1 who suffer from @entity2743 and who fit into one of the preceding @entity1 groups. Selective arteriography, followed by @entity887 of thyroid arteries, was performed using Seldinger's technique in 22 @entity1 with @entity2743 . Six of the @entity1 received both @entity1416 and surgery at 2-3 wk after @entity887 . No serious complications were noted in any @entity1 . In those who were treated with only interventional @entity887 , 14 of 22 (63.6%) became euthyroid and remained in this state for the duration of the study. The remaining 2 @entity1 required a maintenance dose of antithyroid drug therapy ( @entity3937 , 5-10 mg/d; or @entity5652 , 50-100 mg/d). @entity1 were followed for a median time of 27 months (range, 6-50). At the end of the follow-up period, all 22 @entity1 were euthyroid, the size of thyroid gland had decreased by one third to one half its original volume, but 2 @entity1 continued to require antithyroid drugs. Histologic analysis of thyroid tissue from 6 @entity1 who had @entity887 followed by surgery showed that @entity887 blocked both the superior and inferior thyroid arteries plus most of their branches. Evidence of chemical @entity32 , @entity39 , and @entity82 were observed in embolized thyroid tissue. The average diameter of capillary network within the body of the thyroid adjacent to superior and inferior artery was 0.12-0.25 mm, with the smallest ones ranging from 0.04-0.11 mm. The diameter of the capillaries in the isthmus ranged from 0.13-0.15 mm. The average diameters of the superior and inferior arteries were 2-5.5 and 3-3.75 mm, respectively, measured using radiographs from angiography. Based on the measured diameters of arteries, the appropriate size of embolizing granules can be selected, and complete @entity887 of the majority of the thyroid glands was achieved with a high frequency of therapeutic success. Histological examination of the thyroid tissue and clinical follow-up after @entity887 indicate that this procedure is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe method for the treatment of @entity2743 @entity1 who cannot, or choose not to, accept current therapies.

title: XXXX : a novel approach to thyroid ablative therapy for @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['tapazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid arterial embolization']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['Arterial embolization']