abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast and @entity5 continue to claim the lives of @entity1 . Early detection modalities for these @entity5 are available; however, utilization rates are far from optimal. Studies have documented the motivating effect that physician recommendations have on compliance with preventive health behaviors. The goal of this study was to develop and implement strategies to improve the use of cervical and @entity0 screening among African-American @entity1 age 40 and older who resided in low-income housing communities. METHODS: Baseline surveys among clinic providers and a random sample of @entity1 in the target population indicated areas to be included in intervention material. Community health center-based strategies included educational interventions for providers and @entity1 , follow-up interventions for abnormal screening tests, and the implementation of a computer tracking system. Pap smear and mammogram utilization rates at the health center were tracked throughout the project period to assess the effect of the clinic-based interventions. RESULTS: Both Pap smear and mammography rates increased over time. Fifteen cases of @entity0 and 1 case of @entity3 have been detected. Compliance rates for follow-up for cervical @entity1141 have increased from 50 to 90%. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that clinic-based interventions can improve the use of breast and @entity5 screening and follow-up among low-income @entity1 .

title: Clinic-based interventions to promote breast and XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Resection arthroplasty of the metacarpophangeal joints stabilized by a Swanson-Silastic-spacer is the golden standard in MP-joint destruction in R.A. 57 (Gr. I), 91 (Gr. II), and 102 (Gr. III) arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal joint were assessed in three groups of @entity1 3.5 years (Gr. I), 4.3 years (Gr. II), and 10.1 years (Gr. III), respectively, postoperatively on the average. In @entity1 of group I @entity702 protectors, called grommets, were used additionally. Nearly all @entity1 reported a marked relief of @entity158 . Ulnar drift was corrected from an average of 22 degrees (Gr. I), 23 degrees (Gr. II), and 34 degrees (Gr. III) preoperatively. to 8 degrees (Gr. I), 7 degrees (Gr. II), and 12 degrees (Gr. III), respectively, postoperatively. Active range of motion remains unchanged with an average of 33 degrees (Gr. I), 38 degrees (Gr. II), and 42 degrees (Gr. III) ROM preoperatively and 42 degrees (Gr. I), 37 degrees (Gr. II), and 36 degrees (Gr. III) ROM, respectively, postoperatively. The average extension deficit had improved from 45 degrees (Gr. I), 32 degrees (Gr. II), and 33 degrees (Gr. III) at surgery to 18 degrees (Gr. I), 11 degrees (Gr. II), and 11 degrees (Gr. III), respectively, at the time of follow-up. Functional improvement of the hand was found in the medium term in 82% and in the longterm in 75% of the @entity1 . The radiographical findings showed surrounding osteolysis in 45.7% (Gr. I), 63.5% (Gr. II), and 89.4% (Gr. III) of the implants and 0% (Gr. I), 16.5% (Gr. II), and 26.9% (Gr. III) broken spacers. From the medium to the longterm run there is an increase in radiographical deterioration. The additional use of @entity702 grommets in @entity2720 seems to reduce reactive osteolysis and protects Swanson Silastic-spacers from breakage without substantial influence on the clinical outcome.

title: [Therapy of rheumatoid destruction of the middle finger metacarpophalangeal joint with a Swanson silastic implant stabilized resection arthroplasty: comparative study of long and intermediate term results with and without implantation of XXXX grommets].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MP-joint arthroplasty']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: A @entity19 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity2339 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity2661 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity167 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity2339 by @entity167 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity167 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity2339 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity2339 activated by similar blood @entity167 concentrations in @entity1 and in the @entity19 model? @entity44855 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity1246 -A receptors, did not affect @entity167 -induced increases in blood @entity2819 levels. This suggests that @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 -A receptors are not involved in @entity167 -induced activation of the @entity2339 and that inhibition of @entity2819 production is not the mechanism by which @entity44855 blocks @entity167 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity19 were given a daily dose of @entity167 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity167 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity167 administration serum @entity2819 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity167 of @entity19 exposed to @entity167 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity2339 response of @entity19 and @entity1 , lower @entity167 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity19 , and the @entity2819 response was compared to published data for @entity1 who had similar ranges of blood @entity167 levels. The results suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 exhibit activation of the @entity2339 only when blood @entity167 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity19 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -induced activation of the @entity2339 in a @entity19 model for binge drinking: role of XXXX -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity44855 :: (MESH:C042957,Chemical) :: ['Ro15-4513']


abstract: A @entity19 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity2339 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity2661 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity167 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity2339 by @entity167 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity167 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity2339 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity2339 activated by similar blood @entity167 concentrations in @entity1 and in the @entity19 model? @entity44855 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity1246 -A receptors, did not affect @entity167 -induced increases in blood @entity2819 levels. This suggests that @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 -A receptors are not involved in @entity167 -induced activation of the @entity2339 and that inhibition of @entity2819 production is not the mechanism by which @entity44855 blocks @entity167 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity19 were given a daily dose of @entity167 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity167 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity167 administration serum @entity2819 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity167 of @entity19 exposed to @entity167 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity2339 response of @entity19 and @entity1 , lower @entity167 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity19 , and the @entity2819 response was compared to published data for @entity1 who had similar ranges of blood @entity167 levels. The results suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 exhibit activation of the @entity2339 only when blood @entity167 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity19 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity1 .

title: XXXX -induced activation of the @entity2339 in a @entity19 model for binge drinking: role of @entity44855 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity1 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: A @entity19 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity2339 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity2661 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity167 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity2339 by @entity167 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity167 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity2339 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity2339 activated by similar blood @entity167 concentrations in @entity1 and in the @entity19 model? @entity44855 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity1246 -A receptors, did not affect @entity167 -induced increases in blood @entity2819 levels. This suggests that @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 -A receptors are not involved in @entity167 -induced activation of the @entity2339 and that inhibition of @entity2819 production is not the mechanism by which @entity44855 blocks @entity167 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity19 were given a daily dose of @entity167 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity167 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity167 administration serum @entity2819 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity167 of @entity19 exposed to @entity167 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity2339 response of @entity19 and @entity1 , lower @entity167 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity19 , and the @entity2819 response was compared to published data for @entity1 who had similar ranges of blood @entity167 levels. The results suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 exhibit activation of the @entity2339 only when blood @entity167 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity19 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -induced activation of the @entity2339 in a XXXX model for binge drinking: role of @entity44855 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity1 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A @entity19 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity2339 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity2661 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity167 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity2339 by @entity167 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity167 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity2339 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity2339 activated by similar blood @entity167 concentrations in @entity1 and in the @entity19 model? @entity44855 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity1246 -A receptors, did not affect @entity167 -induced increases in blood @entity2819 levels. This suggests that @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 -A receptors are not involved in @entity167 -induced activation of the @entity2339 and that inhibition of @entity2819 production is not the mechanism by which @entity44855 blocks @entity167 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity19 were given a daily dose of @entity167 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity167 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity167 administration serum @entity2819 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity167 of @entity19 exposed to @entity167 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity2339 response of @entity19 and @entity1 , lower @entity167 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity19 , and the @entity2819 response was compared to published data for @entity1 who had similar ranges of blood @entity167 levels. The results suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 exhibit activation of the @entity2339 only when blood @entity167 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity19 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -induced activation of the XXXX in a @entity19 model for binge drinking: role of @entity44855 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to @entity1 .

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']


abstract: A @entity19 model for binge drinking has been developed in this laboratory, and several aspects of this model have been characterized. Many of the immunosuppressive effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in this model seem to be mediated by activation of the @entity2339 and consequent increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids, @entity2661 , and perhaps other immunosuppressive mediators. The purpose of the work described here is to examine three important issues regarding the @entity167 -induced neuroendocrine response in this model: 1) Are @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 type A ( @entity1246 -A) receptors involved in activation of the @entity2339 by @entity167 ? 2) Does daily administration of @entity167 produce tolerance with regard to activation of the @entity2339 or with regard to suppression of natural killer cell activity? 3) Is the @entity2339 activated by similar blood @entity167 concentrations in @entity1 and in the @entity19 model? @entity44855 , a partial inverse agonist of @entity1246 -A receptors, did not affect @entity167 -induced increases in blood @entity2819 levels. This suggests that @entity44855 -sensitive @entity1246 -A receptors are not involved in @entity167 -induced activation of the @entity2339 and that inhibition of @entity2819 production is not the mechanism by which @entity44855 blocks @entity167 -induced immunosuppression. To evaluate tolerance, @entity19 were given a daily dose of @entity167 (6.5 g/kg by gavage) or vehicle (water) for 10 days. Control groups received vehicle or @entity167 only on the last day of the experiment. At the optimum time after @entity167 administration serum @entity2819 and splenic NK cell activity were measured. The results indicate no significant alterations in the response to @entity167 of @entity19 exposed to @entity167 for 10 days compared to those exposed only once. To compare the @entity2339 response of @entity19 and @entity1 , lower @entity167 dosages than generally used in our model were administered to @entity19 , and the @entity2819 response was compared to published data for @entity1 who had similar ranges of blood @entity167 levels. The results suggest that @entity1 and @entity19 exhibit activation of the @entity2339 only when blood @entity167 levels exceed approximately 0.14%. Together these results further characterize a @entity19 model for binge drinking that seems to provide a reasonable representation of many aspects of binge drinking in @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -induced activation of the @entity2339 in a @entity19 model for binge drinking: role of @entity44855 -sensitive gamma aminobutyric acid receptors, tolerance, and relevance to XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is the prototype bioreductive DNA alkylating agent. To exploit its unique properties and maximize @entity1 responses, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated. Recently, the focus has concentrated on monitoring the levels of the proteins metabolizing the drug and relating these to activity in a regimen referred to as enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. To be successful, it is important to understand the enzymology of metabolic activation not only in cell lines but also in @entity5 models. A general mechanism of action for @entity1139 has now emerged that is activated regardless of the source of reducing equivalents, comprising three competing pathways that give rise to unique reactive intermediates and different DNA adducts. Partitioning into the pathways is dictated by chemical considerations such as pH and drug concentration. @entity5878 stands out in this mechanism, since it is much less effective at metabolizing @entity1139 at neutral pH. At least five different enzymes can catalyse @entity1139 bioreduction in vitro, and as many activities may be present in solid @entity5 , including a series of novel mitochondrial reductases such as a cytochrome P450 reductase. Competition between reductases for @entity1139 appears to be based solely on protein levels rather than enzyme kinetics. Consequentially, @entity5878 can occupy a central role in @entity1139 metabolic activation since it is often highly overexpressed in @entity5 cells. Although a good correlation has been observed in cell lines between @entity5878 expression and aerobic @entity137 , this does not hold consistently in vivo for any single bioreductive enzyme, suggesting revision of the enzyme-directed hypothesis as originally formulated.

title: Enzymology of XXXX metabolic activation in @entity5 tissue: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'solid tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is the prototype bioreductive DNA alkylating agent. To exploit its unique properties and maximize @entity1 responses, different therapeutic approaches have been investigated. Recently, the focus has concentrated on monitoring the levels of the proteins metabolizing the drug and relating these to activity in a regimen referred to as enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development. To be successful, it is important to understand the enzymology of metabolic activation not only in cell lines but also in @entity5 models. A general mechanism of action for @entity1139 has now emerged that is activated regardless of the source of reducing equivalents, comprising three competing pathways that give rise to unique reactive intermediates and different DNA adducts. Partitioning into the pathways is dictated by chemical considerations such as pH and drug concentration. @entity5878 stands out in this mechanism, since it is much less effective at metabolizing @entity1139 at neutral pH. At least five different enzymes can catalyse @entity1139 bioreduction in vitro, and as many activities may be present in solid @entity5 , including a series of novel mitochondrial reductases such as a cytochrome P450 reductase. Competition between reductases for @entity1139 appears to be based solely on protein levels rather than enzyme kinetics. Consequentially, @entity5878 can occupy a central role in @entity1139 metabolic activation since it is often highly overexpressed in @entity5 cells. Although a good correlation has been observed in cell lines between @entity5878 expression and aerobic @entity137 , this does not hold consistently in vivo for any single bioreductive enzyme, suggesting revision of the enzyme-directed hypothesis as originally formulated.

title: Enzymology of @entity1138 metabolic activation in XXXX tissue: implications for enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Clinical and radiological studies of the @entity174 of @entity1 between seven and eleven years old were conducted to assess the use of permanent and immediate (emergency) techniques for reconstructing anterior permanent teeth with immature apices. The general hypothesis states that, given the physical and biocompatible properties of the materials used in the immediate (emergency) technique, there are no significant differences between the two techniques as far as pulp vitality and apical growth are concerned. A sample of fifty-six @entity1 was selected. They had Class I, II or III fractures, for which permanent and immediate (emergency) techniques were used in equal numbers. Thermal, mechanical, and electrical tests were used to evaluate pulp vitality compared with the homologous tooth. Apical convergence was the radiological criterion used for determining the end of the radicular process. After one year, both techniques allow preservation of pulp vitality. Results show that, unlike the conventional technique (permanent), radicular formation was completed first in teeth reconstructed using the immediate (emergency) technique. Statistical analysis shows no definitive relationship between the technique used and completion of apical growth time (P > 0.05). In conclusion, comparison between the mediate (permanent) and immediate (emergency) techniques shows that the immediate (emergency) technique is an adequate alternative for reconstructing @entity174 , because of the greater esthetic and functional advantages at the @entity1 's disposal.

title: Temporary and permanent restorations for XXXX permanent teeth with immature apices: a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured teeth']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractured']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is a well established procedure for surgical treatment of benign @entity14 . The aim of the present study was to assess the longterm quality of life of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for @entity4436 . Differences in health related life quality to the open-conventional approach were evaluated in a matched pair analysis (age, gender, Hinchey-Stage, Type of Surgery) using a validated quality of life instrument. METHODS: A total of 45 matched pairs (laparoscopic/open) operated for @entity4436 at stage I-IIa (Hinchey classification) were included in this study. The quality of life was measured with the Short-Form-36-Health Survey (SF-36), a standardized questionnaire with 8 scales and 36 items. The follow-up period was at least 2 years (mean 62.2 months). RESULTS: Pair members (n = 45) operated via laparoscopic or open approach for Hinchey I-IIa @entity4436 were of the same sex (21 female/24 male pairs) and age at time of surgery (range: lap.: 53.5-66 years; open: 53.5-67 years). Mean follow-up periods for @entity1 operated laparoscopically and with open procedure were 2 (range: 1-3) and 7 (range: 5-9) years, respectively. The SF-36 scale scores for both groups appeared high and only slightly below a validated norm population. This represents a high quality of life after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No significant differences were apparent between the 45 matched-pairs. Pairs 65 years old or older presented no significantly different score values compared to those younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow-up data in this age and sex matched pair analysis showed favorable results after open as well as laparoscopic surgery for sigmadiverticulitis. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two surgical techniques. Self-reports by the @entity1 concerning his or her health condition, recovery and quality of life following any surgical procedure are needed to assess valid outcome data of new surgical treatments including a critical evaluation of all its benefits and burdens.

title: [Quality of life assessment after surgery for XXXX - a follow-up study].

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal diseases']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'sigmoid diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with @entity1118 is not well understood. @entity5116 ( @entity5116 ) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in @entity1 with @entity5116 compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in @entity1 with @entity5116 . Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of @entity1 with @entity5116 (N  =  28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N  =  27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic @entity2371 (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in @entity1 with @entity5116 , and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing.

title: Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in @entity1 with chronic prostatitis/chronic XXXX : A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['CP/CPPS', 'Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic Pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with @entity1118 is not well understood. @entity5116 ( @entity5116 ) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in @entity1 with @entity5116 compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in @entity1 with @entity5116 . Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of @entity1 with @entity5116 (N  =  28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N  =  27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic @entity2371 (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in @entity1 with @entity5116 , and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing.

title: Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in XXXX with chronic prostatitis/chronic @entity2371 : A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity3092 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity5 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity3092 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity8189 and @entity10610 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity8189 and @entity8189 -associated @entity10610 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity3092 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity994 / @entity994 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity994 / @entity994 increased its association with @entity10610 - @entity8189 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity876 by @entity3092 was not observed. @entity3092 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity994 / @entity994 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity3092 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity0 cells by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['quercetin', 'Quercetin']

answer: @entity3092 :: (MESH:D011794,Chemical) :: ['quercetin']


abstract: @entity3092 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity5 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity3092 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity8189 and @entity10610 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity8189 and @entity8189 -associated @entity10610 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity3092 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity994 / @entity994 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity994 / @entity994 increased its association with @entity10610 - @entity8189 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity876 by @entity3092 was not observed. @entity3092 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity994 / @entity994 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity3092 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1 XXXX cells by @entity3092 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity3092 , a widely distributed bioflavonoid, has been shown to induce growth inhibition in certain @entity5 cell types. In the present study we have pursued the mechanism of growth inhibition in MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells. @entity3092 treatment resulted in the accumulation of cells specifically at G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Mitotic index measured by MPM2 staining clearly showed that cells were transiently accumulated in M phase, 24 h after treatment. The transient M phase accumulation was accompanied by a transient increase in the levels of @entity8189 and @entity10610 kinase activity. However, 24 h or longer treatment caused a marked accumulation of cells in G2 instead of M phase. Levels of @entity8189 and @entity8189 -associated @entity10610 kinase activity were also decreased. We also found that @entity3092 markedly increased Cdk-inhibitor @entity994 / @entity994 protein level after treatment for 48 h or longer, and the induction of @entity994 / @entity994 increased its association with @entity10610 - @entity8189 complex, however, up-regulation of @entity876 by @entity3092 was not observed. @entity3092 also induced significant apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in addition to cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis was markedly blocked by antisense @entity994 / @entity994 expression. The present data, therefore, demonstrate that a flavonoid @entity3092 induces growth inhibition in the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 through at least two different mechanisms; by inhibiting cell cycle progression through transient M phase accumulation and subsequent G2 arrest, and by inducing apoptosis.

title: Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in XXXX @entity0 cells by @entity3092 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Vertical root @entity174 are @entity16839 events that often result in tooth extraction. Many contributing factor are associated with increasing incidence of vertical root @entity174 . Root canal preparation is one of the predisposing factors which can increase the root susceptibility to vertical @entity174 . PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three different instrumentation techniques on vertical root @entity174 resistance of endodontically treated @entity4500 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 120 freshly extracted mandibular premolar @entity4500 of similar dimensions were decoronated and randomly divided into control (n=30), @entity3406 - @entity702 hand K-file (HF, n=30), BioRaCe rotary file (BR, n=30), and WaveOne reciprocating single-file (WO, n=30) groups. After cleaning and shaping the root canals, @entity9030 was used as canal sealer, and @entity10193 was completed using the continuous wave technique. The root canals were embedded vertically in standardised autopolymerising acrylic resin blocks, and subjected to a vertical load to cause vertical root @entity174 . The forces required to induce @entity174 were measured using a universal testing machine. ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: All experimental groups showed statistically significant reductions in @entity174 resistance as compared with the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the HF and BR groups. The WO group did not differ significantly from the HF group or the BR group. CONCLUSION: All three instrumentation techniques caused weakening of the structure of the roots, and rendered them susceptible to @entity174 under lesser load than unprepared roots. The @entity174 resistance of roots prepared with the single-file reciprocating technique was similar to that of those prepared with @entity26988 hand and rotary instrumentation techniques.

title: Effect of Different Instrumentation Techniques on Vertical Root Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturation']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['Teeth']


abstract: The feasibility and safety of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has been shown for a variety of diseases with small or moderately enlarged spleens. @entity3039 thus has become the typical indication for LS, although few data are available to demonstrate any superiority of the laparoscopic approach over conventional surgery for this indication. We retrospectively analyzed 35 cases of LS for benign (22 @entity1 ) or malignant (13 @entity1 ) @entity1503 . LS was attempted irrespective of the volume of the spleen. The overall operative mortality rate was 2.9%, and complications occurred in 23% of all @entity1 . The conversion rate was 9%, and accessory spleens were found in 17% of @entity1 . Although the @entity1 with @entity5 were significantly older, were higher operative risks (ASA score), had much larger spleens, and required longer operative times, more conversions to laparotomy, and more blood transfusions than @entity1 with benign disease, their mortality and complication rates and the duration of their hospital stays were not significantly different from those with benign disease. They also compare favorably with the results of conventional surgery for the same indications. @entity1 selection, operative technique, and outcome of laparoscopic and conventional splenectomy are discussed with regard to the literature. Although the experience with LS for these indications is still limited, the reported results indicate that LS may be as beneficial for @entity1 with malignant as for those with benign hematologic conditions.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy for benign and malignant XXXX : 35 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascular stent-graft repair of @entity1028 was introduced in 1991. Long-term results from randomised studies are still not available. @entity1756 after stent-graft repair have been reported, and there has been a considerable need for redo procedures. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: At Rikshospitalet in Oslo, Norway, 26 stent-graft implantations for @entity1028 were performed during the years 1996-2000, two of which were primary technical failures immediately converted to open repair. During follow-up, two @entity1 have died from unrelated causes after six and 12 months. Eight @entity1 were converted to open repair 8-50 months (median 31) after implantation. Indications for conversion were migration (n = 4), increasing @entity439 diameter (n = 3) and @entity397 (n = 1). Of the 14 @entity1 still under observation, six have had one or more endovascular interventions (a total of 10) for failing graft. INTERPRETATION: Continuous technology development has been used as an argument to postpone randomised studies, as improved results are expected with new generations of stent-grafts. There is a need for discussion of the strategy for the further use of endovascular repair of @entity1028 .

title: [Endovascular stent-graft repair of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm ruptures']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Most of the @entity2319 are of sensorineural origin and are characterized by a loss of hair cells and of @entity528 . At the present time, hearing aids are the only treatment. However, in some diseases of the inner ear, pharmacological treatment have been proposed and used successfully. In this paper, we will review some basic science aspects of the biology of the neurosensory structures of the inner ear, in particular of the auditory neurons, that lead to the rationale of some treatments for the @entity389 . Developmental studies, neuronal cell culture experiments, and analyses of gene knockout animals reveal a number of growth factors which are important for the rescue and repair of injured auditory neurons in the inner ear. These factors rescue the injured auditory neurons in vivo. Furthermore, perfusion of antioxydant to the cochlea prevented the @entity393 induced by @entity900 . These in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate the neurosensory structures of the inner ear and provide an effective treatment to prevent the degeneration of the neurons. The molecules or drugs can be administered locally to the inner ear through a direct perilymphatic perfusion or through the round window membrane. As an example, we will discuss the treatment of @entity1 suffering from idiopathic @entity1274 which can be treated successfully by a perfusion through the round window membrane, improving their hearing threshold and their speech discrimination.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of inner ear: from basic science to the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear diseases']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion neurons']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature assessing the differences in response to @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and beta-blockers in black @entity1 compared with the response in non-black @entity1 in the management of @entity712 . DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (January 1966-May 2001) was performed using @entity712 , blacks, Negroid race, adrenergic beta-antagonists, and @entity1289 inhibitors as key words. English-language articles were identified. Additional pertinent articles were identified from review of the references of these articles. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All identified references were reviewed. All articles deemed relevant to the subject of this article were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: It has been suggested that the antihypertensive effect of @entity1289 inhibitors and beta-blockers may be less in black @entity1 than in other racial groups. Retrospective reanalyses of major @entity712 trials have suggested that black @entity1 may not realize a significant benefit in morbidity or mortality when @entity712 is managed with @entity1289 inhibitors or beta-blockers. It has also been suggested that black @entity1 may respond more favorably than non-black @entity1 to the combination of @entity2514 and @entity3763 . CONCLUSIONS: Published reanalyses of @entity1289 inhibitor and beta-blocker trials in @entity712 provide weak data to support a lack of benefit in black @entity1 . The published literature on this topic is limited by its retrospective nature. Firm conclusions regarding the influence of race on effectiveness of @entity1289 inhibitors and beta-blockers cannot be made until prospective trials, with planned analysis of the effect of race, have been performed.

title: Role of race in the pharmacotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between duration of breastfeeding (BF) and @entity28 in schoolchildren of Florian  polis (SC), and the role of possible effect modifiers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,826 schoolchildren (7-14  years). Weight and height were measured according to standardized procedures. Data concerning BF and sociodemographic variables were obtained from a questionnaire sent to parents/guardians. @entity1 's nutritional status was evaluated by BMI-for-age z-score for gender (WHO reference curves). Adjusted analyses were performed through logistic regression, considering a possible interaction among variables. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity28 was 8.6% (95% CI: 7.6-9.7%) and 55.7% (95% CI: 53.8-57.6%) received breastmilk for >=  6 months. BF was not associated with @entity28 , even in the adjusted analysis. Stratified analysis according to maternal schooling showed that, in @entity1 aged 7-10 years and @entity1 whose mothers had 0-8 years of schooling, the chance of @entity28 was lower among those breastfeed for >1 month, especially among those who received breastmilk for 1-5 months (OR=0.22; 95% CI 0.08-0.62). Among @entity1 of @entity1 with higher educational level (> 8 years), the chance of @entity28 was 44% lower in those who were breastfed for >12 months (p-value for interaction < 0.01). This interaction was not found in older @entity1 (11-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 of @entity1 with lower schooling, BF for any period longer than 1  month is protective against @entity28 ; however, for a higher maternal schooling, BF for less than 12 months increases the odds of @entity28 .

title: [Effect of breastfeeding on XXXX of schoolchildren: influence of maternal education].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Literature review and retrospective case-control study (level 3 evidence) examining 50 @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) ( @entity196 or II curve) cases with 32 healthy controls of the same age. The sagittal profiles were measured preoperatively, 6 months, and 2 years after surgery and compared with those of age-matched controls at baseline. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare baseline sagittal profiles of @entity1615 @entity1605 with age-matched healthy controls and at 6 months and 2 years after surgery, as well as with previously published reports. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Sagittal alignment and profiles have gained significant attention in @entity85 outcomes. The sagittal profile of @entity1 with @entity1615 has been previously reported, as well as the effects of surgical correction, with inconsistent results and no clear references to nonscoliotic controls. METHODS: Baseline sagittal profiles of 50 @entity1 presenting with @entity1615 treated with selective thoracic fusion were compared with 32 age-matched controls without spinal pathology. These values were also measured at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively to examine effects of selective thoracic fusion over time. Sagittal parameters examined include pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, C7 plumb line (sagittal vertical alignment), @entity1513 , and @entity1515 . A literature review was performed comparing previously published data. Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval). P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Interobserver reliability (Cohen k= 0.49-0.95). All demographic and preoperative sagittal alignment parameters were comparable between controls and @entity1 with @entity1615 prior to surgery. After selective thoracic fusion, @entity1513 decreased significantly from baseline (25.4   [21.6-29.2] vs. 15.3   [12.8-17.8]; P < 0.001) at 6 months and at 2 years (10.3   [7.5-13.1]; P < 0.001). The @entity1515 significantly decreased at 6 months from baseline (54.5   [28.6-80.5] vs. 61.8   (33.4-90.1); P < 0.001) and at 2 years (55.4   [29.0-81.9]; P < 0.001). Sagittal vertical alignment, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence were comparable between controls and @entity1 with @entity1615 at baseline and did not change with surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with @entity1605 have comparable sagittal profiles with those of healthy controls of the same age. This suggests that @entity1605 may not be hypokyphotic as previously thought. After selective thoracic fusion, @entity1 with @entity1615 have a significantly decreased @entity1513 , which is accompanied by reciprocal changes in the noninstrumented lumbar curve. Sagittal vertical alignment and pelvic tilt are not significantly affected. These results agree with previous reports, which suggest that constructs with pedicle screws have a higher impact on sagittal curves but do not affect sagittal or spinopelvic alignment. The long-term effects of abnormal sagittal profiles need further clarification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Selective Thoracic Fusion of XXXX and II Curves Affects Sagittal Profiles But Not Sagittal or Spinopelvic Alignment: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Lenke I or II curves', 'Lenke I and II curves']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['Lenke I or II AIS curves', 'AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity196 :: (MESH:D020754,Disease) :: ['Lenke I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity8876 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity6432 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity6432 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity148 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of @entity1 with @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity8876 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity6432 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity6432 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity148 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity148 .

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity8876 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity6432 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity6432 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity148 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of XXXX with @entity308 and @entity148 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: National guidelines advocate use of multimodality therapy (MMT) for treatment of T4 @entity356 (T4GC). Prior studies demonstrate poor compliance with these guidelines. We sought to assess treatment trends and association between different treatment approaches and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in a large cohort of U.S. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with clinical T4 @entity356 were selected from the National Cancer Data Base (1998-2011). Temporal trends, risk factors associated with failure to receive treatment, and effect of treatments on @entity1349 were assessed. RESULTS: Of 4369 @entity1 with T4GC, only 15 % (n = 652) received MMT. Treatment with MMT increased over time, and was utilized in 25 % of @entity1 after 2006. Older age, African American race, nonprivate insurance, proximal @entity5 location, and clinical node-negative disease were associated with failure to receive surgery; older age, female sex, poorly differentiated @entity5 grade, clinical node-negative disease, and prolonged postoperative length of stay were associated with failure to complete MMT in @entity1 who underwent surgical resection. Median @entity1349 was longest in @entity1 receiving MMT (19.2 months), and was similarly poor in @entity1 undergoing surgical resection (9.0 months) or nonsurgical therapy (8.3 months; p < 0.001). Median @entity1349 was longer in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared to @entity1 receiving adjuvant therapy (27.8 vs. 16.6 months; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with neoadjuvant MMT is increasing and is associated with prolonged survival. Surgery alone and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy without resection are associated with similarly poor outcomes. Appropriate treatment sequencing may facilitate delivery of MMT and improve outcomes in @entity1 with T4GC.

title: Multimodality Treatment of T4 XXXX in the United States: Utilization Trends and Impact on Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous @entity1286 infusions (CMIs) treat @entity158 and @entity1353 at the end of life (EOL). CMIs may be initiated at an empiric rate and/or are rapidly escalated without proper titration. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to evaluate CMI patterns at the EOL. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective chart review evaluated adult @entity1 who died while receiving CMI at EOL. @entity1 demographics and opioid dosing information were extracted from an electronic medical record. Twenty-four hour IV @entity1286 equivalent was calculated prior to CMI initiation and at the time of @entity204 . RESULTS: Of the 190 @entity1 charts, 63.2% (n=120) received no bolus doses prior to CMI initiation. Mean 24-hour IV @entity1286 equivalent prior to CMI initiation was 49.3   mg (range: 0-1200   mg, SD 384.9) and at time of @entity204 was 267.1   mg (12.0-5193.2   mg, SD 442.2), representing an increase of +442%. Mean CMI starting rate was 3.3   mg/hour (0.4-30.0   mg/hour, SD 3.6) with titration at time of @entity204 to a mean of 7.7   mg/hour (0.4-70.0   mg/hour, SD 9.4), representing an increase of +130%. Mean number of CMI rate adjustments was 2.5 (0-5, SD 3.3); and number of bolus doses administered between titrations was 4.2 (0-27, SD 4.8). Mean time from CMI initiation to @entity204 was 15.5 hours (0.05-126.9 hours, SD 21.7). There was a negative association between rate of infusion increase per hour and total number of hours on CMI (r=-0.2, p=0.0062). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized @entity1 at EOL had a much higher 24-hour IV @entity1286 equivalents and CMI rates at time of @entity204 compared to CMI initiation. Variability was observed in the number of CMI rate adjustments and the number of bolus doses administered.

title: Variable Patterns of Continuous XXXX Infusions at End of Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a @entity1 with @entity229 -induced @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) and relatively acute @entity16 followed by rapid recovery after surgical decompression. @entity4282 is a @entity395 characterized by @entity1184 of epidural fat, most commonly associated with exogenous @entity479 use. To our knowledge, an analysis of the dynamics of @entity479 dose related to time to onset has never been performed, or of @entity1 presentation features with respect to @entity1 outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the literature for English language series and case reports of @entity4282 associated with @entity229 use from 1975-2013. Data were compiled for 41 @entity1 regarding the prescribed dose of @entity229 and length of treatment, as well as the severity of symptoms on the Ranawat scale, time to onset, time to recovery, and degree of recovery of @entity16 . Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance were used for comparing proportions, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. We found that the mean cumulative dose of @entity229 trended towards an association with a lack of recovery (p=0.06) and may be related to rate of recovery. Prescribed @entity229 dose varied inversely with the time before onset of @entity16 , but failed to reach statistical significance. Higher severity of presenting symptoms on the Ranawat scale were found to be associated with a higher likelihood of delayed recovery (p=0.035). @entity1 with symptoms lower on the Ranawat scale more frequently experienced complete neurologic recovery, though this did not reach significance. The acuity of @entity16 was not related to the time to recovery or ultimate degree of recovery. Severity of presentation on the Ranawat scale is associated with rate of recovery and may be related to degree of recovery in @entity4282 @entity1 . Cumulative dose of @entity229 may be related to degree and rate of recovery. Prescribed dose of @entity229 may be related to time to onset of @entity16 . Acuity of @entity16 is not related to rate or degree of recovery.

title: Severity of presentation is associated with time to recovery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural lipomatosis', 'SEL']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological symptoms', 'neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['spinal epidural lipomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the hospitalizations of @entity0 @entity1 undergoing mastectomy, and to provide a basis for management, clinical prevention and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an investigation by means of the retrospective survey and the medical records retrieval system, and made out the data of @entity1 suffered from @entity0 in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2013, including age, medical payment methods, pathological type, treatment, treatment results, complications, hospitalization days, cost and so on. RESULTS: The average age of the inpatients was 50.14 years old. The main histologic types were @entity9962 (88.06%). The main surgery was modified radical mastectomy (80.41%). The cure rate was 90.80% during the 10 years. The main medical payment method was self-paying (57.28%). The average hospital stay was 13.51 days, and average hospitalization cost was RMB 23,083.66 yuan, proportion of drug fees up to 39.70%. @entity260 rate was 0.79%. The self-paying group was with the highest proportion of drug fees (P<0.05), while the free medical service group was with the longest hospitalization days (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The payment methods significantly affected the proportion of drug fees and hospitalization days. The therapeutic effect was satisfactory with less complications and reasonable proportion of drug fees in our hospital.

title: XXXX Inpatients Undergoing Mastectomy from a Hospital in Guangzhou, China: A Retrospective Analysis 2004- 2013.

entities_list: @entity9962 :: ('MESH:D018270', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrating duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The finding of indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity5 (overdiagnosis) is inherent to @entity5 screening in general, and there is a growing body of literature about this concept in @entity2 screening. We report on indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity2 in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) population screened for @entity2 with annual low-dose CT (LDCT). METHODS: We identified 93 subjects with screen-detected prevalence @entity5 in PLuSS. We defined indolent potentially inconsequential @entity5 as stage I prevalence @entity2 cases had volumetric doubling time (VDT) >400 days (when available) and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET scan  <= 1 (when available). RESULTS: Approximately, 18.5% (n=17) of all 93 screen-detected prevalence @entity2 in PLuSS were indolent potentially inconsequential @entity5 . All such @entity5 except for one were @entity420 by histology. Median @entity5 size of such @entity5 at the time of final diagnosis was 10 mm (range 7-22 mm). Median doubling time was significantly longer in this group when compared to the rest of the prevalence stage 1 @entity5 (752 days versus 284.5 days). CONCLUSION: Although the precise definition may vary, the existence of indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity5 in @entity2 screening is real. Clinicians involved in managing @entity1 with LDCT detected slow growing nodules, especially with SUV <=1 on PET scan, should consider the possibility of indolent potentially inconsequential @entity5 in the longitudinal management of these nodules.

title: Indolent Potentially Inconsequential XXXX in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer', 'LDCT lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancers']


abstract: @entity12 is a @entity204 -inducing as well as pro-inflammatory molecule. The seemingly opposing consequences of Fas/ @entity12 interactions appear to be dependent on the context of the @entity5 or tissue microenvironment. The term 'contextual' has been coined to describe cellular and molecular events that may be opposing, yet are mediated by the engagement of the same receptor-ligand pair. Because Fas is one of the @entity204 -inducing receptors, its ligand is dangerous. Hence, the availability of @entity12 for cross-linking of the receptor has to be extremely carefully regulated. Different levels of control appear to exist, some involving cell membrane-associated MMPs and others depending on cytokines released from neighboring cells. In @entity5 , which shape their microenvironment to make it unwelcome to immune effector cells, @entity12 is used to kill infiltrating cells without damage to the @entity5 , which develops multiple means of hiding/inhibiting the @entity204 pathway. On the other hand, in situations provoking inflammatory responses such as allograft rejection, infection, and tissue @entity39 , @entity12 assumes the role of attractant for inflammatory cells. In these situations, @entity12 acts in conjunction with other cytokines, and its effects might be modified in the context of unfolding events. When put in the context of biologic interactions that take place at the @entity5 site, the Fas/ @entity12 pathway emerges as a molecular mechanism, which contributes to immune privilege and @entity5 escape, but which can also enhance anti- @entity5 inflammatory responses. @entity12 , like many cytokines, is pleiotropic. It is also worth bearing in mind that other molecular players, including the other known members of the @entity2874 family, almost certainly participate in establishing immune privilege status of @entity5 . While a broad body of new information has contributed to clarifying the dual role of @entity12 in the @entity5 biology, much remains to be learned about molecular mechanisms that control its effects in the @entity5 and in normal tissues.

title: @entity5 -induced XXXX of immune cells: its mechanisms and consequences.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity12 is a @entity204 -inducing as well as pro-inflammatory molecule. The seemingly opposing consequences of Fas/ @entity12 interactions appear to be dependent on the context of the @entity5 or tissue microenvironment. The term 'contextual' has been coined to describe cellular and molecular events that may be opposing, yet are mediated by the engagement of the same receptor-ligand pair. Because Fas is one of the @entity204 -inducing receptors, its ligand is dangerous. Hence, the availability of @entity12 for cross-linking of the receptor has to be extremely carefully regulated. Different levels of control appear to exist, some involving cell membrane-associated MMPs and others depending on cytokines released from neighboring cells. In @entity5 , which shape their microenvironment to make it unwelcome to immune effector cells, @entity12 is used to kill infiltrating cells without damage to the @entity5 , which develops multiple means of hiding/inhibiting the @entity204 pathway. On the other hand, in situations provoking inflammatory responses such as allograft rejection, infection, and tissue @entity39 , @entity12 assumes the role of attractant for inflammatory cells. In these situations, @entity12 acts in conjunction with other cytokines, and its effects might be modified in the context of unfolding events. When put in the context of biologic interactions that take place at the @entity5 site, the Fas/ @entity12 pathway emerges as a molecular mechanism, which contributes to immune privilege and @entity5 escape, but which can also enhance anti- @entity5 inflammatory responses. @entity12 , like many cytokines, is pleiotropic. It is also worth bearing in mind that other molecular players, including the other known members of the @entity2874 family, almost certainly participate in establishing immune privilege status of @entity5 . While a broad body of new information has contributed to clarifying the dual role of @entity12 in the @entity5 biology, much remains to be learned about molecular mechanisms that control its effects in the @entity5 and in normal tissues.

title: XXXX -induced @entity204 of immune cells: its mechanisms and consequences.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in @entity14 metastases may decrease the uptake and, thus, the effects of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity2213 , a selective inhibitor of PDGF receptors, and anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, respectively, increase drug uptake and/or decrease IFP in preclinical models of @entity189 . Drug-induced decrease in IFP in @entity1 metastases has not been objectively shown, but should be reflected by an increase in water-perfusable tissue fraction (PTF) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using [ @entity8493 ]water PET/CT and kinetic modelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of @entity2213 and anakinra on PTF and @entity5 in @entity14 metastases in @entity1 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 with documented progressive disease in spite of all established therapy underwent @entity8493 -water PET/CT at baseline, and at 2 days and 6-7 days after start of oral administration of 400 mg/day @entity2213 . After a washout period of one week the protocol was repeated with anakinra 100mg/day subcutaneously. Six @entity1 underwent a second baseline scan on the same day to assess reproducibility of PTF and @entity5 measurements. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn over liver metastases and aorta. PTF and @entity5 were calculated using the standard single tissue compartment model. RESULTS: @entity2213 administration during 6-7 days increased PTF from 0.62    0.12 to 0.69    0.13 compared to baseline and day 2 (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). No significant changes were found in @entity5 . PTF values were no longer significantly different from baseline one week after last @entity2213 dosage. Anakinra induced no significant change in PTF or @entity5 . The repeatability coefficients of PTF and @entity5 in @entity409 were 22% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity2213 increases PTF of @entity14 metastases in @entity1 , and hence may increase delivery of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity8493 -water PET/CT and kinetic modelling provides novel insights into the microenvironment of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: The water-perfusable tissue fraction of XXXX metastases is increased by the selective PDGF-receptor inhibitor @entity2213 but not the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, a study using serial dynamic 15O-water PET.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor blood flow', 'cancers', 'TBF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in @entity14 metastases may decrease the uptake and, thus, the effects of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity2213 , a selective inhibitor of PDGF receptors, and anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, respectively, increase drug uptake and/or decrease IFP in preclinical models of @entity189 . Drug-induced decrease in IFP in @entity1 metastases has not been objectively shown, but should be reflected by an increase in water-perfusable tissue fraction (PTF) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using [ @entity8493 ]water PET/CT and kinetic modelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of @entity2213 and anakinra on PTF and @entity5 in @entity14 metastases in @entity1 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 with documented progressive disease in spite of all established therapy underwent @entity8493 -water PET/CT at baseline, and at 2 days and 6-7 days after start of oral administration of 400 mg/day @entity2213 . After a washout period of one week the protocol was repeated with anakinra 100mg/day subcutaneously. Six @entity1 underwent a second baseline scan on the same day to assess reproducibility of PTF and @entity5 measurements. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn over liver metastases and aorta. PTF and @entity5 were calculated using the standard single tissue compartment model. RESULTS: @entity2213 administration during 6-7 days increased PTF from 0.62    0.12 to 0.69    0.13 compared to baseline and day 2 (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). No significant changes were found in @entity5 . PTF values were no longer significantly different from baseline one week after last @entity2213 dosage. Anakinra induced no significant change in PTF or @entity5 . The repeatability coefficients of PTF and @entity5 in @entity409 were 22% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity2213 increases PTF of @entity14 metastases in @entity1 , and hence may increase delivery of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity8493 -water PET/CT and kinetic modelling provides novel insights into the microenvironment of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: The water-perfusable tissue fraction of @entity14 metastases is increased by the selective PDGF-receptor inhibitor XXXX but not the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, a study using serial dynamic 15O-water PET.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: In the @entity3449 -angiotensin system, @entity3449 is known to cleave angiotensinogen to generate @entity4689 , which is the precursor of @entity1808 . @entity1808 is a vasoactive peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure. On the other hand, the liver is the major organ responsible for the production of angiotensinogen in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). To test the hypothesis that a reduction of angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) may affect both plasma angiotensinogen and @entity1808 levels, as well as blood pressure, we intravenously injected antisense ODNs against @entity35 angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules, which serve as an important regulator of liver gene expression, into SHR via the tail vein. The SHR used in the present study were studied at 20 weeks of age and were fed a standard diet throughout the experiment. Plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure all decreased from the next day until up to 5 days after the injection of antisense ODNs. These concentrations thereafter returned to baseline by 7 days after injection. A reduction in the level of hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was also observed from the day after injection until 5 days after injection with antisense ODNs. However, in the SHR injected with sense ODNs, plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure, as well as hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, did not significantly change throughout the experimental period. Although the exact role of angiotensinogen in @entity101 still remains to be clarified, these findings showed that intravenous injection with antisense ODNs against angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules targeted to the liver could thus inhibit plasma angiotensinogen levels and, as a result, induce a decrease in blood pressure in SHR.

title: Intravenous injection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against angiotensinogen decreases blood pressure in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In the @entity3449 -angiotensin system, @entity3449 is known to cleave angiotensinogen to generate @entity4689 , which is the precursor of @entity1808 . @entity1808 is a vasoactive peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure. On the other hand, the liver is the major organ responsible for the production of angiotensinogen in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). To test the hypothesis that a reduction of angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) may affect both plasma angiotensinogen and @entity1808 levels, as well as blood pressure, we intravenously injected antisense ODNs against @entity35 angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules, which serve as an important regulator of liver gene expression, into SHR via the tail vein. The SHR used in the present study were studied at 20 weeks of age and were fed a standard diet throughout the experiment. Plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure all decreased from the next day until up to 5 days after the injection of antisense ODNs. These concentrations thereafter returned to baseline by 7 days after injection. A reduction in the level of hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was also observed from the day after injection until 5 days after injection with antisense ODNs. However, in the SHR injected with sense ODNs, plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure, as well as hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, did not significantly change throughout the experimental period. Although the exact role of angiotensinogen in @entity101 still remains to be clarified, these findings showed that intravenous injection with antisense ODNs against angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules targeted to the liver could thus inhibit plasma angiotensinogen levels and, as a result, induce a decrease in blood pressure in SHR.

title: Intravenous injection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against angiotensinogen decreases blood pressure in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This report describes clinical, hemodynamic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of 18 consecutive survivors of @entity1164 due to @entity10689 ( @entity2224 ) between 1986 and 1996. Long-term data in relation to the prescribed therapy are presented. The mean age of the 18 @entity1 was 48 +/- 14 years (median 49). Electrophysiologic studies showed a low inducibility of sustained @entity1165 in 4 @entity1 (22%). Treatment consisted of class III agents, beta blockers, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Two @entity1 were discharged without any therapy. Therapy control was undertaken either by serial drug testing or by the empirical approach. Serious complications of therapy occurred in 2 @entity1 : 1 @entity1 experienced a proarrhythmic effect of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and the other @entity1 received multiple inadequate defibrillator discharges due to a defect in the transvenous lead. All but 1 @entity1 (94%) remained free of recurrences of @entity1164 during a follow-up time of 45 +/- 29 months (median 41). One @entity1 died 2 weeks after surviving @entity1167 due to intractable @entity2224 while receiving @entity2778 treatment. Therapy guided by electrophysiologic studies did not have any impact on survival. Adverse effects or noncompliance led to discontinuation of drug therapy in 7 @entity1 after a mean period of 31 +/- 30 months. Without any treatment 9 @entity1 remained without recurrences over 45 +/- 33 months. Because of the absence of risk factors for @entity943 recurrence and criteria to select therapy, randomized prospective studies are warranted to assess the optimal therapies in these young, ostensibly healthy @entity1 .

title: Late outcome of survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity10689 :: ('MESH:C537182', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity10689 :: (MESH:C537182,Disease) :: ['idiopathic ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity1 with @entity1757 remains controversial. Primary closure, interventional catheter techniques, and palliative surgery all may have a role, and specific management guidelines remain undefined. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all 33 @entity1 with @entity1757 undergoing repair between January 1988 and October 1996. @entity120 was present in 21 @entity1 (group 1), and @entity849 was present in the remaining 12 (group 2). Closure was accomplished from a right atriotomy alone in most @entity1 , although an apical left ventriculotomy was used for apical defects. Among group 1 @entity1 , the mean age at repair was 5.9 +/- 0.9 months. Major associated anomalies included @entity1498 (n = 6), straddling tricuspid valve (n = 1), and critical @entity472 (n = 1). Reoperation was performed in two @entity1 for residual @entity1757 . Among group 2 @entity1 , the mean age at repair was 6.6 +/- 3.2 years. Major associated anomalies included @entity215 (n = 2), @entity849 (n = 4), @entity1147 right ventricle with hypoplastic left ventricle (n = 1), and isolated @entity1002 (n = 1). Three required reoperation for residual @entity1757 . RESULTS: There were no early or late deaths, no episodes of @entity616 , and no significant residual @entity1757 among group 1 @entity1 . All group 1 @entity1 remain free of significant residual cardiovascular conditions at a mean of 23.4 +/- 5.1 months. Among group 2 @entity1 , there was one early death in a @entity1 with @entity1147 right ventricle and @entity1002 . Complete @entity616 occurred in two @entity1 and one required late mitral valve replacement. There were no late deaths, seven remain alive without significant residual defects at a mean of 36.2 +/- 8.0 months, and two required transplantation for @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Primary repair for @entity1 with @entity1757 is associated with good late outcomes. The right atrial approach is satisfactory for most @entity121 , although limited apical left ventriculotomy was used for apical defects. Pulmonary artery banding should be limited to @entity1 with complex associated defects.

title: Techniques and results in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'ventricular septal defect', 'multiple ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity1147 :: ('MESH:D004310', 'Disease') :: ['double-outlet']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscular defects']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure', 'left ventricular hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['multiple ventricular septal defects']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this paper is to present a critical review of the endoscopic procedures currently in use for the treatment of @entity923 . Endoscopic techniques and outcomes are discussed. METHODS: An extensive review of published articles on the subject of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery is presented, encompassing six endoscopic techniques used to treat @entity923 . Since the first report in 1987, 7091 @entity1 have undergone 8068 operations. The overall success rate has been 96.52%, with a complication rate of 2.67% and a failure rate of 2.61%. The mean time to return to work in @entity1 not receiving Workers' Compensation was 17.8 days, ranging between 10.8 and 22.3 days. The most common complications were transient paresthesias of the ulnar and median nerves. Other complications included superficial @entity130 , @entity6865 , @entity1795 , and incomplete transverse carpal ligament division. In many studies in which open and endoscopic techniques were compared, it was reported that @entity1 in the the latter group experienced significantly less @entity158 and returned to work and activities of daily living earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Success and complication rates of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery are similar to those for standard open procedures.

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX : a critical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['palmar arch injuries']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor tendon lacerations']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is the most common cause of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) in young adults, mainly ascribed to @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). Assuming that @entity1165 is the major cause of (pre-) @entity1163 in @entity1121 @entity1 , its occurrence is essential for @entity1164 risk stratification and primarily preventive @entity1479 . However, evidence of @entity1165 during @entity1163 is often missing. As the differentiation of potential lethal causes for @entity1163 such as @entity1165 from more harmless reasons is crucial, @entity1121 @entity1 were screened for @entity20833 by using a simple orthostatic blood pressure test. METHODS: Over 15 months (IQR [9;20]) 100 @entity1121 @entity1 (55.8  16.2 yrs, 61% male) were evaluated for (pre-) @entity1163 and @entity1165 (24h-ECGs, device-memories) within the last five years. Eighty @entity1 underwent an orthostatic blood pressure test. @entity2357 models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In older @entity1 (>40 yrs) a positive orthostatic test result increased the chance of (pre-) @entity1163 by a factor of 63 (95%-CI [8.8; 447.9], p<0.001; 93% sensitivity, 95%-CI [76; 99]; 74% specificity, 95%-CI [58; 86]). No correlation with @entity1165 was shown. A @entity1162 also increased the chance of (pre-) @entity1163 by a factor of 6.6 (95%-CI [2.0; 21.7]; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The orthostatic blood pressure test is highly valuable for evaluation of @entity1163 and @entity1163 especially in older @entity1121 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1163 might be more relevant than previously assumed. Considering the high complication rates due to @entity1479 therapies, this test may provide useful information for the evaluation of @entity1163 in individual risk stratification and may help to prevent unnecessary device implantations, especially in older @entity1121 @entity1 .

title: Orthostatic Blood Pressure Test for Risk Stratification in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1479 :: ('OMIM:252500', 'Disease') :: ['ICD-implantation', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope', 'syncope', 'orthostatic syncope']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity20833 :: ('MESH:D007024', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is the most common cause of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) in young adults, mainly ascribed to @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). Assuming that @entity1165 is the major cause of (pre-) @entity1163 in @entity1121 @entity1 , its occurrence is essential for @entity1164 risk stratification and primarily preventive @entity1479 . However, evidence of @entity1165 during @entity1163 is often missing. As the differentiation of potential lethal causes for @entity1163 such as @entity1165 from more harmless reasons is crucial, @entity1121 @entity1 were screened for @entity20833 by using a simple orthostatic blood pressure test. METHODS: Over 15 months (IQR [9;20]) 100 @entity1121 @entity1 (55.8  16.2 yrs, 61% male) were evaluated for (pre-) @entity1163 and @entity1165 (24h-ECGs, device-memories) within the last five years. Eighty @entity1 underwent an orthostatic blood pressure test. @entity2357 models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In older @entity1 (>40 yrs) a positive orthostatic test result increased the chance of (pre-) @entity1163 by a factor of 63 (95%-CI [8.8; 447.9], p<0.001; 93% sensitivity, 95%-CI [76; 99]; 74% specificity, 95%-CI [58; 86]). No correlation with @entity1165 was shown. A @entity1162 also increased the chance of (pre-) @entity1163 by a factor of 6.6 (95%-CI [2.0; 21.7]; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The orthostatic blood pressure test is highly valuable for evaluation of @entity1163 and @entity1163 especially in older @entity1121 @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1163 might be more relevant than previously assumed. Considering the high complication rates due to @entity1479 therapies, this test may provide useful information for the evaluation of @entity1163 in individual risk stratification and may help to prevent unnecessary device implantations, especially in older @entity1121 @entity1 .

title: Orthostatic Blood Pressure Test for Risk Stratification in XXXX with @entity1121 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The formation of intricately organized aortic and pulmonic valves from primitive endocardial cushions of the outflow tract is a remarkable accomplishment of embryonic development. While not always initially pathologic, @entity245 , including @entity4503 , frequently progress to a disease state in adults requiring valve replacement surgery. Disrupted embryonic growth, differentiation, and patterning events that "trigger" SLV disease are coordinated by gene expression changes in endocardial, myocardial, and cushion mesenchymal cells. We explored roles of chromatin regulation in valve gene regulatory networks by conditional inactivation of the @entity70693 ( @entity70693 ) chromatin remodeling complex in the endocardial lineage. Endocardial @entity51418 -deficient @entity19 embryos develop thickened and disorganized SLV cusps that frequently become bicuspid and @entity19021 , including in surviving adults. These SLV disease-like phenotypes originate from @entity361 (EMT) in the proximal outflow tract (pOFT) cushions. The missing cells are replaced by compensating neural crest or other non-EMT-derived mesenchyme. However, these cells are incompetent to fully pattern the valve interstitium into distinct regions with specialized extracellular matrices. Transcriptomics reveal genes that may promote growth and patterning of SLVs and/or serve as disease-state biomarkers. Mechanistic studies of SLV disease genes should distinguish between disease origins and progression; the latter may reflect secondary responses to a disrupted developmental system.

title: Endocardial XXXX disruption illustrates the developmental origins of semilunar valve disease.

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental semilunar valve (SLV) defects']

entities_list: @entity19021 :: ('MESH:C537478', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['deficient endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation']

answer: @entity51418 :: (20586(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Brg1']