abstract: Purpose. @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) is known to be a significant but frequently overlooked complication after the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA). Aim of this prospective audit was to investigate the incidence and severity of @entity4094 at our Australian tertiary pediatric center. Methods. All @entity1 receiving NMBA during anesthesia were included over a 5-week period at the end of 2011 (Mondays to Fridays; 8   a.m.-6   p.m.). At the end of surgery, directly prior to tracheal extubation, the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratio was assessed quantitatively. Data related to @entity1 postoperative outcome was collected in the postoperative acute care unit. Results. Data of 64 @entity1 were analyzed. @entity1339 was given in 34 cases and @entity19271 in 1 @entity1 . The incidence of @entity4094 was 28.1% overall (without reversal: 19.4%; after @entity1339 : 37.5%; n.s.). Severe @entity4094 ( @entity3370 ratio < 0.7) was found in 6.5% after both no reversal and @entity1339 , respectively. Complications in the postoperative acute care unit were infrequent, with no differences between reversal and no reversal groups. Conclusions. In this audit, @entity4094 was frequently observed, particularly in cases where @entity1 were reversed with @entity1339 . These findings underline the well-known problems associated with the use of NMBA that are not fully reversed.

title: Postoperative Residual Neuromuscular Paralysis at an Australian Tertiary XXXX 's Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Residual neuromuscular blockade', 'RNMB']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['train-of-four', 'TOF']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine', 'Neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5624 and beta-amyloid ( @entity477 ) are proposed diagnostic biomarkers for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Previous studies report their relationship to clinical diagnoses of @entity195 and other @entity303 . To understand their value as predictors of disease-specific pathology, levels determined during life must be correlated with definitive diagnoses in mixed @entity303 groups and cognitively normal subjects. OBJECTIVES: To correlate antemortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and @entity477 levels with definitive @entity303 diagnosis in a diverse group of @entity1 ; to calculate statistics for CSF tau and @entity477 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Ten clinics experienced in the diagnosis of @entity179 . @entity1 One hundred six @entity1 with @entity303 and 4 cognitively normal subjects with a definitive diagnosis, and 69 clinically diagnosed cognitively normal subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of CSF tau and @entity477 with final diagnosis. RESULTS: Mean tau level was 612 pg/mL for the 74 @entity1 with @entity195 , 272 pg/mL for 10 @entity1 with frontal @entity303 , 282 pg/mL for 3 @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 , and 140 pg/mL for 73 cognitively normal control subjects. Tau was less than 334 pg/mL for 20 @entity1 with @entity195 . Abeta42 was reduced in @entity1 with @entity195 (61 fmol/mL) compared with @entity1 with frontal @entity303 (133 fmol/mL) and control subjects (109 fmol/mL), but not compared with @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 (14 fmol/mL) or prion disease (60 fmol/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CSF tau levels are associated with @entity195 pathology and can help discriminate @entity195 from other @entity74 . However, some @entity1 with @entity195 have a level less than the mean +/- 2 SDs of the cognitively normal cohort.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid tau and beta-amyloid: how well do these biomarkers reflect autopsy-confirmed XXXX diagnoses?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative dementias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted our study to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy of oral mesna in @entity1 receiving @entity1260 for soft tissue @entity242 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventeen @entity1 were enrolled in a randomized prospective Phase I/II study. Seventeen @entity1 were exposed to study medication. @entity1260 was given at a dose of 2 g/m2/day for 5 days on a 21-day cycle. Before the first cycle, all @entity1 were randomized onto a crossover design and received either the approved i.v. or i.v./oral mesna regimen, with crossover for the second cycle of chemotherapy. The i.v. mesna regimen consisted of dosings (20% @entity1260 dose) at 0, 4, and 8 h. The i.v./oral arm consisted of an i.v. mesna dosing (20% @entity1260 dose) at 0 h, followed by oral tablet dosing (40% @entity1260 dose) at 2 and 6 h. In- @entity1 clinical monitoring and phlebotomy and urine sampling for mesna, dimesna, and @entity1260 PK were performed on all chemotherapy days. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were evaluable for PK and 17 for efficacy and @entity137 . No significant differences were detected in the plasma PK of the concomitantly infused @entity1260 . Rates of @entity2335 were similar across mesna schedules. Four of 10 evaluable @entity1 demonstrated objective response. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our study, an i.v./oral mesna regimen is at least as uroprotective as the approved i.v. regimen. The i.v./oral regimen will improve @entity1 tolerance and convenience, allow for a reduction in elective hospitalizations for @entity1260 chemotherapy, reduce the potential morbidity associated with inpatient administration of chemotherapy, and likely result in decreased costs of care.

title: Crossover randomized comparison of intravenous versus intravenous/oral mesna in soft tissue @entity242 treated with high-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted our study to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy of oral mesna in @entity1 receiving @entity1260 for soft tissue @entity242 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventeen @entity1 were enrolled in a randomized prospective Phase I/II study. Seventeen @entity1 were exposed to study medication. @entity1260 was given at a dose of 2 g/m2/day for 5 days on a 21-day cycle. Before the first cycle, all @entity1 were randomized onto a crossover design and received either the approved i.v. or i.v./oral mesna regimen, with crossover for the second cycle of chemotherapy. The i.v. mesna regimen consisted of dosings (20% @entity1260 dose) at 0, 4, and 8 h. The i.v./oral arm consisted of an i.v. mesna dosing (20% @entity1260 dose) at 0 h, followed by oral tablet dosing (40% @entity1260 dose) at 2 and 6 h. In- @entity1 clinical monitoring and phlebotomy and urine sampling for mesna, dimesna, and @entity1260 PK were performed on all chemotherapy days. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were evaluable for PK and 17 for efficacy and @entity137 . No significant differences were detected in the plasma PK of the concomitantly infused @entity1260 . Rates of @entity2335 were similar across mesna schedules. Four of 10 evaluable @entity1 demonstrated objective response. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our study, an i.v./oral mesna regimen is at least as uroprotective as the approved i.v. regimen. The i.v./oral regimen will improve @entity1 tolerance and convenience, allow for a reduction in elective hospitalizations for @entity1260 chemotherapy, reduce the potential morbidity associated with inpatient administration of chemotherapy, and likely result in decreased costs of care.

title: Crossover randomized comparison of intravenous versus intravenous/oral mesna in soft tissue XXXX treated with high-dose @entity1260 .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have linked long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM) to broad cause-of- @entity204 mortality. Associations with specific @entity66 might be useful in exploring potential mechanistic pathways linking exposure and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: General pathophysiological pathways linking long-term PM exposure with mortality and expected patterns of PM mortality with specific causes of @entity204 were proposed a priori. Vital status, risk factor, and cause-of- @entity204 data, collected by the American @entity5 Society as part of the @entity5 Prevention II study, were linked with air pollution data from United States metropolitan areas. Cox Proportional Hazard regression models were used to estimate PM-mortality associations with specific causes of @entity204 . Long-term PM exposures were most strongly associated with mortality attributable to @entity741 , @entity943 , @entity712 , and @entity1167 . For these cardiovascular causes of @entity204 , a 10-microg/m3 elevation in fine PM was associated with 8% to 18% increases in mortality risk, with comparable or larger risks being observed for smokers relative to nonsmokers. Mortality attributable to @entity1576 had relatively weak associations. CONCLUSIONS: Fine particulate air pollution is a risk factor for cause-specific @entity65 mortality via mechanisms that likely include @entity55 , accelerated @entity731 , and altered cardiac autonomic function. Although smoking is a much larger risk factor for @entity65 mortality, exposure to fine PM imposes additional effects that seem to be at least additive to if not synergistic with smoking.

title: XXXX and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: The interactions between @entity25210 ( @entity25211 )/ @entity28378 ( @entity2556 ) multilayers with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated by means of scanning angle reflectometry (SAR). We find that albumin adsorbs both on multilayers terminating with @entity25211 (negatively charged) or @entity2556 (positively charged) polyelectrolytes. On films terminating with @entity25211 only, an albumin equivalent monolayer is found whereas when @entity2556 constitutes the outer layer, albumin interacts with the multilayer in such a way as to form a protein film that extends over thicknesses that can be as high as four times the largest dimension of the native albumin molecule. Once the protein film is formed, it is found that when the albumin solution is replaced by a pure buffer solution of same ionic strength as the adsorption solution almost no desorption takes place. On the other hand, when a buffer solution of higher ionic strength is brought in contact with the albumin film, a significant amount of adsorbed proteins is released. One also observes that, for albumin solutions of a given protein concentration, the adsorbed protein amount depends on the ionic strength of the adsorption solution. On surfaces terminating with @entity2556 , the adsorbed protein amount first increases rapidly but passes through a maximum and decreases with the ionic strength. The ionic strength corresponding to the maximum of the adsorbed albumin amount itself depends on the albumin concentration. On the other hand, on films terminating with @entity25211 the adsorbed amount increases with the salt concentration before leveling-off. These results show that the underlying complexity of concentration and pH dependent adsorption/desorption equilibria often simply termed "protein adsorption" is the result of antagonist competing interactions that are mainly of electrostatic origin. We also propose two microscopic models, that are compatible with our experimental observations.

title: Protein interactions with polyelectrolyte multilayers: interactions between human serum albumin and XXXX / @entity28378 multilayers.

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrenesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity28378 :: ('MESH:C063994', 'Chemical') :: ['polyallylamine']

answer: @entity25210 :: (MESH:C003321,Chemical) :: ['polystyrene sulfonate']


abstract: The interactions between @entity25210 ( @entity25211 )/ @entity28378 ( @entity2556 ) multilayers with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated by means of scanning angle reflectometry (SAR). We find that albumin adsorbs both on multilayers terminating with @entity25211 (negatively charged) or @entity2556 (positively charged) polyelectrolytes. On films terminating with @entity25211 only, an albumin equivalent monolayer is found whereas when @entity2556 constitutes the outer layer, albumin interacts with the multilayer in such a way as to form a protein film that extends over thicknesses that can be as high as four times the largest dimension of the native albumin molecule. Once the protein film is formed, it is found that when the albumin solution is replaced by a pure buffer solution of same ionic strength as the adsorption solution almost no desorption takes place. On the other hand, when a buffer solution of higher ionic strength is brought in contact with the albumin film, a significant amount of adsorbed proteins is released. One also observes that, for albumin solutions of a given protein concentration, the adsorbed protein amount depends on the ionic strength of the adsorption solution. On surfaces terminating with @entity2556 , the adsorbed protein amount first increases rapidly but passes through a maximum and decreases with the ionic strength. The ionic strength corresponding to the maximum of the adsorbed albumin amount itself depends on the albumin concentration. On the other hand, on films terminating with @entity25211 the adsorbed amount increases with the salt concentration before leveling-off. These results show that the underlying complexity of concentration and pH dependent adsorption/desorption equilibria often simply termed "protein adsorption" is the result of antagonist competing interactions that are mainly of electrostatic origin. We also propose two microscopic models, that are compatible with our experimental observations.

title: Protein interactions with polyelectrolyte multilayers: interactions between human serum albumin and @entity25210 / XXXX multilayers.

answer: @entity28378 :: (MESH:C063994,Chemical) :: ['polyallylamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of and risk factors for @entity260 after en bloc salvage surgery for @entity135 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 were evaluated from February 7, 1990, to November 17, 1999, in a tertiary @entity5 center hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive sample of 124 @entity1 from the hospital database. Only @entity1 with recurrent @entity213 undergoing en bloc salvage resection were eligible for the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We analyzed the frequency of and risk factors for complications after salvage surgery. RESULTS: The @entity5 location was the lip in 6 @entity1 , oral cavity in 55, oropharynx in 31, larynx in 24, and hypopharynx in 8. Previous treatment was surgery alone in 20 @entity1 , radiotherapy alone in 68, surgery and radiotherapy in 21, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 14. An additional @entity1 received chemotherapy alone before salvage surgery. The clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 was I or II in 23 @entity1 and III or IV in 101 @entity1 . @entity260 occurred in 66 @entity1 (53.2%). Fifty-three @entity1 (42.7%) had minor complications, and 23 @entity1 (18.5%) had major ones. There were 4 postoperative deaths (3.2%). The major factor associated with the overall occurrence of @entity260 was the clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 (P =.02). The occurrence of minor complications correlated with the previously treated site, with complications occurring more often in @entity1 undergoing locoregional vs local treatment (P =.04). Major complications were associated with the time between initial treatment and salvage surgery (P =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage surgery can be performed with acceptable rates of @entity260 . The clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 and the previous site treated were the 2 major factors associated with the occurrence of @entity260 .

title: XXXX after en bloc salvage surgery for @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of and risk factors for @entity260 after en bloc salvage surgery for @entity135 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity1 were evaluated from February 7, 1990, to November 17, 1999, in a tertiary @entity5 center hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive sample of 124 @entity1 from the hospital database. Only @entity1 with recurrent @entity213 undergoing en bloc salvage resection were eligible for the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We analyzed the frequency of and risk factors for complications after salvage surgery. RESULTS: The @entity5 location was the lip in 6 @entity1 , oral cavity in 55, oropharynx in 31, larynx in 24, and hypopharynx in 8. Previous treatment was surgery alone in 20 @entity1 , radiotherapy alone in 68, surgery and radiotherapy in 21, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 14. An additional @entity1 received chemotherapy alone before salvage surgery. The clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 was I or II in 23 @entity1 and III or IV in 101 @entity1 . @entity260 occurred in 66 @entity1 (53.2%). Fifty-three @entity1 (42.7%) had minor complications, and 23 @entity1 (18.5%) had major ones. There were 4 postoperative deaths (3.2%). The major factor associated with the overall occurrence of @entity260 was the clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 (P =.02). The occurrence of minor complications correlated with the previously treated site, with complications occurring more often in @entity1 undergoing locoregional vs local treatment (P =.04). Major complications were associated with the time between initial treatment and salvage surgery (P =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage surgery can be performed with acceptable rates of @entity260 . The clinical stage of the recurrent @entity5 and the previous site treated were the 2 major factors associated with the occurrence of @entity260 .

title: @entity260 after en bloc salvage surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial blood pressure is not a reliable substitute for proximal aortic pressure. Recognition of this phenomenon is important for correct appreciation of cardiac afterload. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of the radial pulse wave to better understand ventriculo-vascular coupling during anesthesia. METHODS: We observed the differences between aortic systolic pressure (AoSAP, tipmanometry) and radial systolic pressure in 15 @entity1 , (including two @entity1 ) aged 53-78 years, before coronary artery bypass surgery. We studied the induction of anesthesia with @entity3575 (20 microg kg-1), moderate @entity9420 , and thereafter the addition of 70% @entity3810 . The circulatory effects of mechanical ventilation were studied by doubling the tidal volumes. Pulse wave contours were assessed by calculation of radical and aortic augmentation indices (AI), which measure the second systolic pressure peak. RESULTS: Radial systolic pressure was higher than AoSAP in the control situation (8+/-2 mmHg), and this SAP gradient increased further with @entity3575 (12+/-2 mmHg). The gradient persisted throughout the study, but was partially reduced by @entity9420 and @entity3810 , respectively. Radial augmentation index was the only parameter remaining in a stepwise multivariate model to explain the variance in the SAP gradient (r2=0.48). Radial augmentation index also correlated with aortic pulse pressure (r2=0.71). Mechanical ventilation had significant and similar effects on pulse wave augmentation both in the aorta and in the radial artery, and did not affect the radial to aortic SAP gradient. CONCLUSION: These elderly coronary @entity1 had stiff vasculature (high aortic AI) and considerable pulse wave reflection, which was beneficially delayed by @entity3575 . Changes in the radial pulse wave augmentation during mechanical ventilation were mainly a result of cyclic changes in the @entity64 volume, and were seldom associated with an increased systolic pressure gradient from the aorta to the radial artery.

title: Interpretation of radial pulse contour during @entity3575 / XXXX anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9420 :: ('MESH:C536761', 'Disease') :: ['volume loading']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial blood pressure is not a reliable substitute for proximal aortic pressure. Recognition of this phenomenon is important for correct appreciation of cardiac afterload. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of the radial pulse wave to better understand ventriculo-vascular coupling during anesthesia. METHODS: We observed the differences between aortic systolic pressure (AoSAP, tipmanometry) and radial systolic pressure in 15 @entity1 , (including two @entity1 ) aged 53-78 years, before coronary artery bypass surgery. We studied the induction of anesthesia with @entity3575 (20 microg kg-1), moderate @entity9420 , and thereafter the addition of 70% @entity3810 . The circulatory effects of mechanical ventilation were studied by doubling the tidal volumes. Pulse wave contours were assessed by calculation of radical and aortic augmentation indices (AI), which measure the second systolic pressure peak. RESULTS: Radial systolic pressure was higher than AoSAP in the control situation (8+/-2 mmHg), and this SAP gradient increased further with @entity3575 (12+/-2 mmHg). The gradient persisted throughout the study, but was partially reduced by @entity9420 and @entity3810 , respectively. Radial augmentation index was the only parameter remaining in a stepwise multivariate model to explain the variance in the SAP gradient (r2=0.48). Radial augmentation index also correlated with aortic pulse pressure (r2=0.71). Mechanical ventilation had significant and similar effects on pulse wave augmentation both in the aorta and in the radial artery, and did not affect the radial to aortic SAP gradient. CONCLUSION: These elderly coronary @entity1 had stiff vasculature (high aortic AI) and considerable pulse wave reflection, which was beneficially delayed by @entity3575 . Changes in the radial pulse wave augmentation during mechanical ventilation were mainly a result of cyclic changes in the @entity64 volume, and were seldom associated with an increased systolic pressure gradient from the aorta to the radial artery.

title: Interpretation of radial pulse contour during XXXX / @entity3810 anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: To describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of @entity774 ( @entity774 ) and share our experiences of the treatment of @entity774 with retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. All @entity1 pathologically diagnosed with @entity774 were examined. The clinical and pathological characteristics, process of diagnosis, and preparation and treatment of all @entity1 , especially @entity1 treated with laparoscopic surgery, were summarized and retrospectively analyzed. From January 2008 to May 2014, 8 @entity1 underwent adrenalectomies and were diagnosed with @entity774 in our hospital. The median age was 45.5 years. All of these @entity1 experienced a smooth adrenalectomy: 7 performed by laparoscopy via a retroperitoneal approach and 1 performed by open surgery. Five were female and the other 3 were male. These @entity1 had unilateral adrenal lesions. Four were located on the right which to be same as the contralateral. In addition, 1 specimen was assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which revealed positive results for @entity2279 , @entity2280 , Factor VIII-related antigen and D2-40, and negative results for cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 . During a brief follow up, all @entity1 exhibited favorable results without discomfort. @entity774 is a benign lesion with mild bio-behavior and @entity1 are generally asymptomatic. The use of computerized tomography (CT) combined with enhanced CT has a superior advantage in diagnosis. Laparoscopic adrenalectomies that are performed via a retroperitoneal approach would be a very safe and efficient choice for @entity774 treatment. D2-40 can be considered as a specific IHC marker in the pathological diagnosis of @entity774 . However, @entity1911 and @entity378 should be ruled out before and during the operation.

title: Clinical and pathological characteristics of XXXX treated by laparoscopy via a retroperitoneal approach: experience and analysis of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lymphangioma', 'AL']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal lymphangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of epicardial adipose tissue volume (EATV) with the @entity453 and its severity. METHODS: Inpatients with suspicious stable angina of @entity301 were recruited. For @entity1 with @entity453 in CTA, further coronary angiography (CAG) was performed to evaluate the @entity453 . Gensini scoring system was employed to assess the severity of @entity453 . RESULTS: @entity1 were classified as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) group (n = 160). Results showed the mean EATV was 192.57    30.32 cm(3) in @entity301 group, which was significantly larger than that in control group (138.56    23.18 cm(3); P < 0.01). The @entity3979 was classified as mild, moderate and severe @entity850 according to the extent of @entity453 , and results showed marked difference in the EATV among @entity1 with different severities of @entity3979 (P < 0.005). The Gensini score was positively related to EATV (r = 0.285, P = 0.000). The EATV increased with the increase in the number of affected coronary arteries. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed EATV was an independent risk factor of @entity301 after adjusting other confounding factors (OR = 1.023, P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: EATV is closely related to the severity of @entity453 : the larger the EATV, the more severe the @entity453 . Moreover, EATV is an independent risk factor of @entity301 .

title: Epicardial fat volume is correlated with XXXX and its severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart lesion', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesion', 'coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary lesion']


abstract: We describe a case of severe @entity2021 without @entity1910 in an 8-year-old @entity1 who was undergoing elective surgery for an ileostomy. The @entity1 had a history of four anorectal operations in the newborn period, but no history of @entity566 . Sudden, profound @entity5143 and @entity891 occurred 30 min after the beginning of the operation. No signs of @entity1910 or @entity110 were seen. The @entity1 was resuscitated successfully and remained ventilated for 25 h. During this time, he needed @entity1425 in dosages of 0.3-0.05 microg.kg-1.min-1. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests for the @entity1 were positive Cap Class 3 and 4, and specific immunoglobulin E was highly positive, suggesting a @entity2144 as the cause of the @entity2021 . @entity11540 was negative. Eleven days later, a further operation was performed with a strict latex-free protocol in the presence of @entity112 1 and 2 receptor antagonists. On this occasion, the intraoperative course was uneventful. Incidence of anaphylactic reactions, prevalence of latex sensitization, special risk groups and management are discussed.

title: Severe @entity2021 without XXXX in a case of unknown @entity2144 and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['natural rubber latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory collapse']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactic shock']

answer: @entity1910 :: (MESH:D005076,Disease) :: ['exanthema']


abstract: We describe a case of severe @entity2021 without @entity1910 in an 8-year-old @entity1 who was undergoing elective surgery for an ileostomy. The @entity1 had a history of four anorectal operations in the newborn period, but no history of @entity566 . Sudden, profound @entity5143 and @entity891 occurred 30 min after the beginning of the operation. No signs of @entity1910 or @entity110 were seen. The @entity1 was resuscitated successfully and remained ventilated for 25 h. During this time, he needed @entity1425 in dosages of 0.3-0.05 microg.kg-1.min-1. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests for the @entity1 were positive Cap Class 3 and 4, and specific immunoglobulin E was highly positive, suggesting a @entity2144 as the cause of the @entity2021 . @entity11540 was negative. Eleven days later, a further operation was performed with a strict latex-free protocol in the presence of @entity112 1 and 2 receptor antagonists. On this occasion, the intraoperative course was uneventful. Incidence of anaphylactic reactions, prevalence of latex sensitization, special risk groups and management are discussed.

title: Severe @entity2021 without @entity1910 in a case of unknown XXXX and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['latex allergy']


abstract: We describe a case of severe @entity2021 without @entity1910 in an 8-year-old @entity1 who was undergoing elective surgery for an ileostomy. The @entity1 had a history of four anorectal operations in the newborn period, but no history of @entity566 . Sudden, profound @entity5143 and @entity891 occurred 30 min after the beginning of the operation. No signs of @entity1910 or @entity110 were seen. The @entity1 was resuscitated successfully and remained ventilated for 25 h. During this time, he needed @entity1425 in dosages of 0.3-0.05 microg.kg-1.min-1. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests for the @entity1 were positive Cap Class 3 and 4, and specific immunoglobulin E was highly positive, suggesting a @entity2144 as the cause of the @entity2021 . @entity11540 was negative. Eleven days later, a further operation was performed with a strict latex-free protocol in the presence of @entity112 1 and 2 receptor antagonists. On this occasion, the intraoperative course was uneventful. Incidence of anaphylactic reactions, prevalence of latex sensitization, special risk groups and management are discussed.

title: Severe XXXX without @entity1910 in a case of unknown @entity2144 and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylactic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the ductus venosus doppler between 11-13+6 (week-day) in pregnant @entity1 with hemoglobinopaties and its relation with fetal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 pregnant @entity1 with @entity8453 and 100 healthy pregnant @entity1 were included in our study. Ultrasonography (USG) was performed to all pregnant @entity1 and the ductus venosus doppler (DVD) flows were evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean hemoglobin level was significantly lower in @entity8453 group (9.7    0.7) than control group (10.67    0.82) (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship between Vmax, Vmin, S/D and reverse 'a' wave in fetuses with @entity8453 . Vmax, Vmin and S/D parameters were higher in the group of @entity8453 (respectively mean value, 31.3    1.66, 8.90    0.81, 2.97    0.49). Reverse 'a' wave was detected especially in all fetuses with @entity3458 . There was no significantly relationship between the groups in terms of PI, RI and HR. In a logistic regression analyses, fetal @entity8453 was independently associated with Vmin (b = 1.07, P = 0.001), S/D (b = 2.61, P = 0.001) and reverse 'a' wave (b = 2.46, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Pregnant @entity1 with @entity8453 had changed ductus venosus doppler values in compared to normal pregnant @entity1 . @entity417 may cause this doppler changes. Furthermore all fetuses with @entity3458 (n = 5) had abnormal ductus venosus doppler findings. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between abnormal ductus venosus doppler findings and fetuses diagnosed with @entity3458 .

title: Can the ductus venosus doppler predict the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal anemia']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathy', 'hemoglobinopathies']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['hemoglobinopathies']


abstract: This study's objectives are to assess the efficacy of detecting apoptotic @entity15418 in @entity1 sperm and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and to compare these levels between fertile and @entity249 @entity1 groups of @entity8357 nationality in China. This study offers a non-invasive, alternative strategy to analyzing sperm parameters in @entity249 males. Fifty-six @entity249 males were investigated; asthenospermia (n = 19), oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (n = 20), @entity3893 (n = 17) compared with 20 healthy fertile controls. They were subjected to semen analysis by computer-assisted sperm assay (CASA). We found that @entity522 existed in all specimens in both sperms and plasma. The level of @entity522 and @entity8186 in plasma were both significantly higher than in sperm. Levels of @entity8186 and @entity8187 in sperm and plasma were significantly negatively correlated with sperm concentration, motility and A % (motility grade A). The level of @entity8186 in plasma was significantly negatively correlated with sperm concentration. However, only in healthy fertile controls sperm concentration was significantly negatively correlated with @entity8187 in sperm. Compared with the healthy fertile controls, only the OAT group exhibited significantly increased level of @entity8186 in sperm (P < 0.05). It is concluded that @entity8186 and @entity8187 in sperm and plasma are correlated with sperm motility, and can reflect the quality of sperm in vitro.

title: Differences in caspase-8 and -9 activity and sperm motility in XXXX males of @entity8357 nationality in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: This study's objectives are to assess the efficacy of detecting apoptotic @entity15418 in @entity1 sperm and plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and to compare these levels between fertile and @entity249 @entity1 groups of @entity8357 nationality in China. This study offers a non-invasive, alternative strategy to analyzing sperm parameters in @entity249 males. Fifty-six @entity249 males were investigated; asthenospermia (n = 19), oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (n = 20), @entity3893 (n = 17) compared with 20 healthy fertile controls. They were subjected to semen analysis by computer-assisted sperm assay (CASA). We found that @entity522 existed in all specimens in both sperms and plasma. The level of @entity522 and @entity8186 in plasma were both significantly higher than in sperm. Levels of @entity8186 and @entity8187 in sperm and plasma were significantly negatively correlated with sperm concentration, motility and A % (motility grade A). The level of @entity8186 in plasma was significantly negatively correlated with sperm concentration. However, only in healthy fertile controls sperm concentration was significantly negatively correlated with @entity8187 in sperm. Compared with the healthy fertile controls, only the OAT group exhibited significantly increased level of @entity8186 in sperm (P < 0.05). It is concluded that @entity8186 and @entity8187 in sperm and plasma are correlated with sperm motility, and can reflect the quality of sperm in vitro.

title: Differences in caspase-8 and -9 activity and sperm motility in @entity249 males of XXXX nationality in China.

answer: @entity8357 :: (D008094,Chemical) :: ['Li']


abstract: The t(4;14) translocation is found in approximately 10% of @entity1582 @entity1 and results in the deregulation of at least two genes, @entity50601 and @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ), with the formation of a fusion product between @entity50601 and the @entity7639 ( @entity7639 ) locus and overexpression of @entity2557 . We have analysed a series of 80 @entity1 samples, comprising 67 @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) cases and 13 @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) cases, using RT-PCR to detect @entity7639 - @entity50601 fusions. The t(4;14) translocation was detected in 7/67 (10%) @entity1582 cases and all seven expressed @entity2557 which was not seen in t(4;14)-negative @entity1582 cases. In the @entity10479 cases, a similar proportion of t(4;14)-positive cases was found (2/13; 15%), but none of these expressed @entity2557 . All @entity1 with detectable @entity2557 expressed both the @entity2557 IIIb and @entity2557 IIIc isoforms, the result of alternative splicing in the ligand binding domain, and exon-deleted variants of @entity2557 . We also identified a cryptic splice site in @entity50601 which results in a 277 @entity535 deletion downstream of the breakpoint on der(4). @entity2557 mutation analysis revealed no mutations in the presenting @entity1582 or @entity10479 samples. However, we also had access to paired presentation and relapse samples which had been taken from a @entity1 13 months apart. Both samples had the t(4;14) translocation and overexpressed @entity2557 , but only the relapse sample possessed the @entity50598 mutation in the kinase domain of @entity2557 . This suggests that targeted mutation in the translocated @entity2557 gene when under the control of the immunoglobulin promoters can occur and may provide one mechanism for disease progression.

title: A molecular study of the t(4;14) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['MGUS', 'monoclonalgammopathy of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3', 'FGFR3']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity7639 :: ('3495', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain', 'IgH']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of @entity1 cerebral bottom arterial hemodynamics during 21 d simulated weightlessness. METHOD: 21 d -6 degrees @entity135 ( @entity135 ) were used to simulate weightlessness. 6 healthy male, aged 24.8 +/- 6.1 served as subjects. Systolic blood velocity (Vs), diastolic blood velocity (Vd), mean blood velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and other indices of middle cerebral arteries ( @entity9623 ), anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were measured by transcranial ultrasound Doppler before @entity135 and on day 0 (D0), 1, 3, 7, 10, 21 of @entity135 . HUT +75 degrees 20 min orthostatic tolerance tests were done on day -1, 10, and 21 of @entity135 . RESULT: During HUT +75 degrees 20 min orthostatic tolerance test on day 10 and 21 of @entity135 , the average standing time were shorter than that of the pre- @entity135 values (P<0.05). On day 3 and 21 of @entity135 , Vs of right @entity9623 reduced significantly than pre- @entity135 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On day 1, 3, 7, 10 and 21 of @entity135 , Vs of right @entity9623 were obviously lower than that on D0 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Left @entity9623 Vs on D0 increased significantly than that of pre- @entity135 (P<0.05), and both were significantly higher than those of the 3rd day of @entity135 (P<0.01). Right @entity9623 Vm on the 3rd and 21st day of @entity135 were significantly lower than those pre- @entity135 and D0 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On day 10 of @entity135 , Vm of right @entity9623 were significantly reduced than that on D0 (P<0.05). Both @entity9623 bilateral velocity difference (right Vm-left Vm) on the 3rd, 10th, 21st day of @entity135 , and @entity9623 inter-hemispheric asymmetry index on the 10th, 21st day of @entity135 were significantly lower than that of pre- @entity135 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: 21 d @entity135 bed-rest decreased orthostatic tolerance, Vs of both side @entity9623 , and Vm of right @entity9623 . Lower Vs of both side @entity9623 and the inter-hemispheric asymmetry of @entity9623 during @entity135 maybe responsible, in part, for the increased risk of orthostatic intolerance.

title: Changes of XXXX cerebral bottom arterial hemodynamics during 21 d head-down tilt (-6 degrees) bed-rest.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-down tilt bed rest', 'HDT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 are selected for awake craniotomy when the planned procedure involves eloquent areas of the brain, necessitating an awake, cooperative @entity1 capable of undergoing neurocognitive testing. Different anesthetic combinations, including neurolept, @entity1875 with or without opioid infusions, and asleep-awake-asleep techniques, have been reported for awake craniotomy. In all these techniques, @entity1576 has been reported as a complication. In this case series @entity6948 , the highly selective alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, was selected for its lack of @entity1576 as well as its sedative and analgesic properties. The charts of 10 consecutive @entity1 who underwent awake craniotomy with @entity6948 infusion were reviewed. Five of the @entity1 underwent "asleep-awake" technique with a laryngeal mask airway and volatile agent. Five @entity1 received moderate to conscious sedation. All @entity1 received a @entity6948 load of 0.5 to 1.0 microg/kg over 20 minutes followed by an infusion at rates of 0.01 to 1.0 microg/kg per hour. Four @entity1 had extensive sensory and motor testing, and six underwent neurocognitive testing, including naming, reading, counting, and verbal fluency. There were no permanent @entity51 , except one @entity1 who had an exacerbation of preoperative language difficulties. @entity6948 appears to be a useful sedative for awake craniotomy when sophisticated neurologic testing is required.

title: XXXX and neurocognitive testing in awake craniotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['Dexmedetomidine']


abstract: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is widely used to treat @entity508 in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) but has never been shown conclusively to improve functional outcome. The study was designed to measure changes in gross motor function in @entity1 1 year following rhizotomy compared with a control group receiving equivalent physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) with the exception that the rhizotomy group initially underwent a 6-week postoperative in- @entity1 therapy program. Twenty-four @entity1 (mean age 58 months) with mild to moderate @entity306 with @entity306 were randomly assigned to a therapy-only control group (CG) (N=12) or rhizotomy and therapy group (RG) (N=12). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was administered at the baseline, 6-, and 12-month assessments. Extremity tone, range of motion (ROM), biomechanics of the ankle-stretch reflex, isometric contraction, and temporal gait components were also evaluated. GMFM scores in the RG improved by 12.1 percentage points versus 4.4 percentage points in the CG (P<0.02). RG knee and ankle tone was significantly reduced (P<0.005), associated with increased passive ankle ROM (P<0.001), and decreased soleus EMG reflex activity on forced dorsiflexion (P<0.008). Foot-floor contact pattern improved in the RG compared with the CG (P<0.05). In conclusion, SDR combined with PT and OT leads to significantly greater functional motor improvement at 1 year following surgery compared with PT and OT alone. This was achieved in part through reduced knee and ankle tone, increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and more normal foot-floor contact during walking.

title: Evaluation of selective dorsal rhizotomy for the reduction of XXXX in @entity306 : a randomized controlled tria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['diplegic cerebral palsy', 'spastic diplegia', 'CP']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is widely used to treat @entity508 in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) but has never been shown conclusively to improve functional outcome. The study was designed to measure changes in gross motor function in @entity1 1 year following rhizotomy compared with a control group receiving equivalent physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) with the exception that the rhizotomy group initially underwent a 6-week postoperative in- @entity1 therapy program. Twenty-four @entity1 (mean age 58 months) with mild to moderate @entity306 with @entity306 were randomly assigned to a therapy-only control group (CG) (N=12) or rhizotomy and therapy group (RG) (N=12). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was administered at the baseline, 6-, and 12-month assessments. Extremity tone, range of motion (ROM), biomechanics of the ankle-stretch reflex, isometric contraction, and temporal gait components were also evaluated. GMFM scores in the RG improved by 12.1 percentage points versus 4.4 percentage points in the CG (P<0.02). RG knee and ankle tone was significantly reduced (P<0.005), associated with increased passive ankle ROM (P<0.001), and decreased soleus EMG reflex activity on forced dorsiflexion (P<0.008). Foot-floor contact pattern improved in the RG compared with the CG (P<0.05). In conclusion, SDR combined with PT and OT leads to significantly greater functional motor improvement at 1 year following surgery compared with PT and OT alone. This was achieved in part through reduced knee and ankle tone, increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and more normal foot-floor contact during walking.

title: Evaluation of selective dorsal rhizotomy for the reduction of @entity508 in XXXX : a randomized controlled tria.

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: Objective. This study investigated the treatment outcomes and determinant factors likely to be associated with recovery rate. Methods. A retrospective chart review (RCR) was performed on 348 @entity1 who were enrolled in the outpatient care (OPC) during the study period. Results. Of the 348 cases, 33.6% recovered (having MUAC >= 125   mm), 49.1% defaulted, and 11.5% transferred to other OPC units to continue with treatment. There were 187 (53.7%) males and 161 (46.3%) females with severe @entity3147 . The average weight gain rate was 28   g/kg/day. Controlling for other factors, @entity1 who completed the treatment plan had 3.2 times higher probability of recovery from severe acute @entity3147 (SAM) as compared to @entity1 who defaulted (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.9, 5.3, and p < 0.001). The @entity1 aged 24-59 months had 5.8 times higher probability of recovery from SAM as compared to @entity1 aged 6-11 months (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.5, 10.6, and p < 0.001). Conclusions. Cure rate was low and the default rate was quite high. @entity1 who were diagnosed as having marasmus on admission stayed longer before recovery than their kwashiorkor counterparts. Younger @entity1 were of greater risk of nonrecovery.

title: Treatment Outcome of Severe Acute XXXX Cases at the Tamale Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: Purpose. Retrospectively evaluate the density of cerebral venous sinuses in nonenhanced head CTs (NCTs) and correlate these with the presence or absence of a cerebral @entity50 (CVST). Materials and Methods. Institutional review board approval was obtained and informed consent waived prior to commencing this retrospective study. Over a two-year period, all CT venograms (CTVs) performed at our institution were retrieved and the preceding/subsequent NCTs evaluated. Hounsfield Units (HUs) of @entity715 when present as well as that of normal superior sagittal and sigmoid sinuses were measured. HU of @entity715 was compared to that of normal vessels with and without standardisation to the average HU of the internal carotid arteries. Results. 299 CTVs were retrieved, 26 with a @entity715 . Both raw and standardised HU measurements were significantly higher in CVST (p < 0.0001) compared to normal vessels. Both raw and standardised HUs are good predictors of CVST. A HU of >= 67 and a standardised measurement of >= 1.5 are associated with high probability of CVST on NCT. Conclusion. Cerebral venous sinus HU measurements may help improve sensitivity and specificity of NCT for @entity50 and avoid potentially unnecessary follow-up examinations.

title: Cerebral XXXX , a Nonenhanced CT Diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus thrombosis', 'venous sinus thrombus']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['Venous Sinus Thrombosis']


abstract: When recovered from the follicle, @entity1641 oocytes may be categorised as having either a compact or an expanded cumulus. Cumulus expansion is strongly associated with follicle @entity1146 . Oocytes with expanded and compact cumuli have similar proportions in the germinal vesicle stage when recovered from the follicle. However, during in vitro culture, a higher proportion of oocytes with expanded cumuli mature, and they do so more quickly, than do oocytes with compact cumuli. Using @entity2455 to label chromatin, in the germinal-vesicle stage @entity1641 oocytes can be divided into those in which the nucleus fluoresces diffusely (FN), and those in which the chromatin is condensed as a mass within the germinal vesicle (condensed chromatin; CC). The CC configuration is more common in oocytes with expanded rather than compact cumuli. The occurrence of the condensed chromatin configuration in oocytes with compact cumuli rises with increasing follicle size to the point that, in follicles >20 mm diameter, almost 80% of oocytes with compact cumuli have condensed chromatin. This suggests that the chromatin of fully grown oocytes condenses prior to the gonadotrophin stimulation that induces ovulation. The number of oocytes maturing in vitro correlates strongly with the presence of the condensed chromatin configuration at the beginning of culture for both cumulus types. This suggests that the condensed chromatin configuration represents the meiotically competent oocyte. In contrast, FN oocytes appear to be meiotically incompetent, although 61% of oocytes from small, apparently viable follicles, have the FN configuration. This leads to the hypothesis that the FN configuration represents viable germinal vesicle stage oocytes that have yet to acquire meiotic competence. As oocytes achieve meiotic competence, the chromatin appears to condense to the CC configuration. This change occurs during growth of the preovulatory follicle but it can also occur during follicular @entity1146 . Information about the inherent meiotic competence of different populations of oocytes will assist in the selection of oocytes for experiments involving in vitro maturation and fertilisation in equids.

title: Cumulus expansion, chromatin configuration and meiotic competence in XXXX oocytes: a new hypothesis.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: The purpose of the present case report was to describe the surgical treatment of a @entity737 associated with a regenerative approach. A 48-year-old @entity1 came to authors' attention 36 months after the placement of a dental implant (ITI-Bonefit Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland) in position 46. A swelling of the peri-implant soft tissues was observed, associated with @entity548 on probing and probing depth > 10   mm. A significant peri-implant @entity604 was clearly visible on the periapical radiograph. A nonsurgical periodontal supportive therapy was firstly conducted to reduce the @entity32 , followed by the surgical treatment of the defect. After mechanical and chemical decontamination with @entity803 solution, a regenerative approach consisting in the application of deproteinized @entity291 bone mineral (Bio-Oss, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and a collagen membrane (Bio-Gide, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was performed. An antibiotic therapy was associated with the treatment. The 17-year follow-up showed a physiological probing depth with no clinical signs of @entity32 and @entity548 on probing. No further radiographic @entity604 was observed. The treatment described in the present case report seemed to show improved clinical results up to a relevant follow-up period.

title: Surgical Treatment of XXXX : A 17-Year Follow-Up Clinical Case Report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis lesion']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['Peri-Implantitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This multicenter, open-label study was conducted to compare the cycle control, efficacy and safety of a 24-day regimen of a new ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive containing @entity2081 (GTD) 60 microg/ @entity2082 (EE) 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel (DSG) 150 microg/EE 20 microg. METHODS: Healthy @entity1 at least 18 years of age who had had regular menstrual cycles for the prior 3 months were randomly assigned to treatment for six cycles. RESULTS: Data from 1074 @entity1 were included in the analyses. Overall, 65% of cycles were normal with GTD/EE and 78% with DSG/EE. The overall incidence of @entity1867 and/or spotting was 29% with GTD/EE and 20% with DSG/EE, with absence of @entity548 occurring in 6% of cycles in the GTD/EE group and 1% of cycles in the DSG/EE group. The GTD/EE group had a significantly shorter length of @entity548 episodes (4 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001), a significantly lower intensity of @entity548 (p < 0.01) and a significantly shorter time for onset of @entity548 than the DSG/EE group (p < 0.001). Safety profiles for the two treatment groups were similar. Significantly more subjects in the DSG/ EE group withdrew because of @entity5026 (p = 0.03) and @entity390 or @entity391 (p = 0.05). One pregnancy occurred in each treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: The 24-day regimen of GTD 60 microg/EE 15 microg provided good efficacy, acceptable cycle control and a favorable safety profile compared with DSG/EE. This ultra-low-dose formulation offers unique advantages in efficacy and safety for oral contraception.

title: Cycle control, safety and efficacy of a 24-day regimen of @entity2081 60 microg/ XXXX 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel 150 microg/ @entity2082 20 microg.

entities_list: @entity2081 :: ('MESH:C033273', 'Chemical') :: ['gestodene']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'withdrawal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This multicenter, open-label study was conducted to compare the cycle control, efficacy and safety of a 24-day regimen of a new ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive containing @entity2081 (GTD) 60 microg/ @entity2082 (EE) 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel (DSG) 150 microg/EE 20 microg. METHODS: Healthy @entity1 at least 18 years of age who had had regular menstrual cycles for the prior 3 months were randomly assigned to treatment for six cycles. RESULTS: Data from 1074 @entity1 were included in the analyses. Overall, 65% of cycles were normal with GTD/EE and 78% with DSG/EE. The overall incidence of @entity1867 and/or spotting was 29% with GTD/EE and 20% with DSG/EE, with absence of @entity548 occurring in 6% of cycles in the GTD/EE group and 1% of cycles in the DSG/EE group. The GTD/EE group had a significantly shorter length of @entity548 episodes (4 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001), a significantly lower intensity of @entity548 (p < 0.01) and a significantly shorter time for onset of @entity548 than the DSG/EE group (p < 0.001). Safety profiles for the two treatment groups were similar. Significantly more subjects in the DSG/ EE group withdrew because of @entity5026 (p = 0.03) and @entity390 or @entity391 (p = 0.05). One pregnancy occurred in each treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: The 24-day regimen of GTD 60 microg/EE 15 microg provided good efficacy, acceptable cycle control and a favorable safety profile compared with DSG/EE. This ultra-low-dose formulation offers unique advantages in efficacy and safety for oral contraception.

title: Cycle control, safety and efficacy of a 24-day regimen of @entity2081 60 microg/ @entity2082 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel 150 microg/ XXXX 20 microg.

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This multicenter, open-label study was conducted to compare the cycle control, efficacy and safety of a 24-day regimen of a new ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive containing @entity2081 (GTD) 60 microg/ @entity2082 (EE) 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel (DSG) 150 microg/EE 20 microg. METHODS: Healthy @entity1 at least 18 years of age who had had regular menstrual cycles for the prior 3 months were randomly assigned to treatment for six cycles. RESULTS: Data from 1074 @entity1 were included in the analyses. Overall, 65% of cycles were normal with GTD/EE and 78% with DSG/EE. The overall incidence of @entity1867 and/or spotting was 29% with GTD/EE and 20% with DSG/EE, with absence of @entity548 occurring in 6% of cycles in the GTD/EE group and 1% of cycles in the DSG/EE group. The GTD/EE group had a significantly shorter length of @entity548 episodes (4 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001), a significantly lower intensity of @entity548 (p < 0.01) and a significantly shorter time for onset of @entity548 than the DSG/EE group (p < 0.001). Safety profiles for the two treatment groups were similar. Significantly more subjects in the DSG/ EE group withdrew because of @entity5026 (p = 0.03) and @entity390 or @entity391 (p = 0.05). One pregnancy occurred in each treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: The 24-day regimen of GTD 60 microg/EE 15 microg provided good efficacy, acceptable cycle control and a favorable safety profile compared with DSG/EE. This ultra-low-dose formulation offers unique advantages in efficacy and safety for oral contraception.

title: Cycle control, safety and efficacy of a 24-day regimen of XXXX 60 microg/ @entity2082 15 microg and a 21-day regimen of desogestrel 150 microg/ @entity2082 20 microg.

answer: @entity2081 :: (MESH:C033273,Chemical) :: ['gestodene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acceleration of reentrant @entity591 induced by programmed electrical stimulation is a well-documented phenomenon, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 with typical @entity956 were studied. Activation sequence of the underlying reentrant circuit was recorded by multiple multipolar electrodes placed in the right atrium. In five @entity1 , 27 episodes of @entity956 were induced by single extrastimuli delivered in the isthmus between the tricuspid annulus and eustachian ridge (TA-ER isthmus) and one by rapid overdrive atrial pacing. Analyses of the activation sequences, intracardiac electrograms, and 12-lead surface ECG P-wave morphology indicated that the acceleration was caused by two successive activation wave fronts circulating in the same direction along the same reentrant circuit (double-wave reentry, DWR). DWR was induced only within a narrow range of coupling interval, from 2 to 45 ms beyond the effective refractory period, and was associated with unidirectional antidromic block of the paced impulse. @entity1 with DWR had a shorter effective refractory period (138.8+/-13.4 versus 163.8+/-12.2 ms, P<.015) and larger excitable gap (124.0+/-22.6 versus 83.2+/-13.2 ms, P<.009) compared with @entity1 without inducible DWR. All of the DWR episodes were transient. Most (78.6%) terminated after one of the double wave fronts was blocked in the TA-ER isthmus. CONCLUSIONS: DWR is one of the mechanisms responsible for programmed electrical stimulation-induced @entity956 in @entity1 subjects. Its induction requires a sufficient excitable gap and antidromic unidirectional block of the paced impulse in the TA-ER isthmus. In addition, the TA-ER isthmus is the usual site of DWR termination.

title: Acceleration of typical XXXX due to double-wave reentry induced by programmed electrical stimulation.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter acceleration', 'atrial flutter']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of cardioversion of @entity955 on the activation sequence of the ventricles have not been previously studied. In this study we examined the events in the ventricle that follow the application of @entity1457 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We used video imaging technology to study the sequence of activation on the surface of the ventricles in the Langendorff-perfused @entity742 heart. We recorded transmembrane potentials simultaneously from over 20000 sites on the epicardium before and after biphasic shocks applied by a programmable @entity955 . The first epicardial activation after the shock depended on both the voltage and timing of the shock. During @entity67 as low as 10 V produced ventricular excitation, although the time between the shock and the first epicardial activation (latency) was approximately 30 ms. As the shock voltage was increased to 120 V, latency decreased to zero and the entire epicardium was depolarized within 30 ms. For 120-V shocks delivered late in systole, the depolarization sequence produced by the shock was similar to the previous repolarization sequence. Shocks of 120 V applied 150 to 300 ms after the previous ventricular excitation induced @entity2224 . @entity2224 was induced by multiple focal beats after the shock, which produced waves that propagated but broke down into reentry within regions of high repolarization gradients. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity955 shocks excite the ventricles even at low shock voltages. In addition, @entity2224 can be induced by shocks given in the vulnerable period by producing focal patterns that break down into reentrant waves.

title: Effects of @entity955 shocks on the ventricles in isolated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['atrial defibrillatory shocks']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial defibrillator', 'atrial defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular diastole shocks']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of cardioversion of @entity955 on the activation sequence of the ventricles have not been previously studied. In this study we examined the events in the ventricle that follow the application of @entity1457 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We used video imaging technology to study the sequence of activation on the surface of the ventricles in the Langendorff-perfused @entity742 heart. We recorded transmembrane potentials simultaneously from over 20000 sites on the epicardium before and after biphasic shocks applied by a programmable @entity955 . The first epicardial activation after the shock depended on both the voltage and timing of the shock. During @entity67 as low as 10 V produced ventricular excitation, although the time between the shock and the first epicardial activation (latency) was approximately 30 ms. As the shock voltage was increased to 120 V, latency decreased to zero and the entire epicardium was depolarized within 30 ms. For 120-V shocks delivered late in systole, the depolarization sequence produced by the shock was similar to the previous repolarization sequence. Shocks of 120 V applied 150 to 300 ms after the previous ventricular excitation induced @entity2224 . @entity2224 was induced by multiple focal beats after the shock, which produced waves that propagated but broke down into reentry within regions of high repolarization gradients. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity955 shocks excite the ventricles even at low shock voltages. In addition, @entity2224 can be induced by shocks given in the vulnerable period by producing focal patterns that break down into reentrant waves.

title: Effects of XXXX shocks on the ventricles in isolated @entity742 hearts.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial defibrillation']


abstract: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and ERK-MAPK mitogenic signaling pathways are important in @entity1 @entity157 . We investigated the effect of @entity3840 inhibition on ERK-MAPK signaling and the effect of combining @entity8047 (MAPK kinase) and @entity3840 inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 in vitro. COX and ERK expression were determined by immunoblot in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. @entity3840 and @entity8047 activity were determined by @entity1421 assay and phosphospecific immunoblot, respectively. Cell growth was determined by cell proliferation and cell counts. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. HepG2 and Hep3B cells do not express @entity9859 or @entity3840 . Correspondingly, basal and agonist ( @entity1426 , lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated @entity3840 activity is undetectable. Treatment of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with @entity8228 resulted in an increase in @entity1366 phosphorylation ( @entity8047 activity) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( @entity8228 , 1 to 100 micromol/L). Treatment with the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 in the presence of @entity5732 ( @entity8047 inhibitor) effectively suppressed @entity1366 phosphorylation as determined by phosphospecific @entity1366 immunoblot. Total @entity1366 and @entity3840 were unchanged with @entity8228 and @entity5732 treatments. In HepG2 cells, @entity8228 (1 to 100 micromol/L) decreased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative apoptosis was increased with @entity5732 alone or in combination with @entity8228 (9 to 10 times the control value), eliminating the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity8228 . In Hep3B cells, apoptosis was unchanged with @entity8228 (1 to 50 micromol/L) or @entity5732 (1 to 10 micromol/L) alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 in Hep3B cells resulted in a synergistic increase in apoptosis (10 times the control value). Relative apoptosis in both cell lines strongly correlated with changes in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1836 . Cellular growth was assessed by colorimetric proliferation assay and cell counts. HepG2 and Hep3B cells had concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth with @entity8228 or @entity5732 treatment alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 resulted in complementary inhibitory effects on growth. Growth inhibitory effects in HepG2 and Hep3B cells with combination treatment appear to be, in part, secondary to the induction of G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, respectively, as determined by flow cytometry. Despite differential signaling in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, the sum effect of combining the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 and the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 results in enhanced antitumor actions. This novel combination may be useful for in vivo studies of @entity157 .

title: Novel combination of @entity3840 and @entity8047 inhibitors in @entity1 XXXX provides a synergistic increase in apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and ERK-MAPK mitogenic signaling pathways are important in @entity1 @entity157 . We investigated the effect of @entity3840 inhibition on ERK-MAPK signaling and the effect of combining @entity8047 (MAPK kinase) and @entity3840 inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 in vitro. COX and ERK expression were determined by immunoblot in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. @entity3840 and @entity8047 activity were determined by @entity1421 assay and phosphospecific immunoblot, respectively. Cell growth was determined by cell proliferation and cell counts. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. HepG2 and Hep3B cells do not express @entity9859 or @entity3840 . Correspondingly, basal and agonist ( @entity1426 , lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated @entity3840 activity is undetectable. Treatment of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with @entity8228 resulted in an increase in @entity1366 phosphorylation ( @entity8047 activity) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( @entity8228 , 1 to 100 micromol/L). Treatment with the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 in the presence of @entity5732 ( @entity8047 inhibitor) effectively suppressed @entity1366 phosphorylation as determined by phosphospecific @entity1366 immunoblot. Total @entity1366 and @entity3840 were unchanged with @entity8228 and @entity5732 treatments. In HepG2 cells, @entity8228 (1 to 100 micromol/L) decreased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative apoptosis was increased with @entity5732 alone or in combination with @entity8228 (9 to 10 times the control value), eliminating the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity8228 . In Hep3B cells, apoptosis was unchanged with @entity8228 (1 to 50 micromol/L) or @entity5732 (1 to 10 micromol/L) alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 in Hep3B cells resulted in a synergistic increase in apoptosis (10 times the control value). Relative apoptosis in both cell lines strongly correlated with changes in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1836 . Cellular growth was assessed by colorimetric proliferation assay and cell counts. HepG2 and Hep3B cells had concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth with @entity8228 or @entity5732 treatment alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 resulted in complementary inhibitory effects on growth. Growth inhibitory effects in HepG2 and Hep3B cells with combination treatment appear to be, in part, secondary to the induction of G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, respectively, as determined by flow cytometry. Despite differential signaling in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, the sum effect of combining the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 and the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 results in enhanced antitumor actions. This novel combination may be useful for in vivo studies of @entity157 .

title: Novel combination of XXXX and @entity8047 inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 provides a synergistic increase in apoptosis.

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and ERK-MAPK mitogenic signaling pathways are important in @entity1 @entity157 . We investigated the effect of @entity3840 inhibition on ERK-MAPK signaling and the effect of combining @entity8047 (MAPK kinase) and @entity3840 inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 in vitro. COX and ERK expression were determined by immunoblot in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. @entity3840 and @entity8047 activity were determined by @entity1421 assay and phosphospecific immunoblot, respectively. Cell growth was determined by cell proliferation and cell counts. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. HepG2 and Hep3B cells do not express @entity9859 or @entity3840 . Correspondingly, basal and agonist ( @entity1426 , lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated @entity3840 activity is undetectable. Treatment of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with @entity8228 resulted in an increase in @entity1366 phosphorylation ( @entity8047 activity) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( @entity8228 , 1 to 100 micromol/L). Treatment with the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 in the presence of @entity5732 ( @entity8047 inhibitor) effectively suppressed @entity1366 phosphorylation as determined by phosphospecific @entity1366 immunoblot. Total @entity1366 and @entity3840 were unchanged with @entity8228 and @entity5732 treatments. In HepG2 cells, @entity8228 (1 to 100 micromol/L) decreased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative apoptosis was increased with @entity5732 alone or in combination with @entity8228 (9 to 10 times the control value), eliminating the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity8228 . In Hep3B cells, apoptosis was unchanged with @entity8228 (1 to 50 micromol/L) or @entity5732 (1 to 10 micromol/L) alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 in Hep3B cells resulted in a synergistic increase in apoptosis (10 times the control value). Relative apoptosis in both cell lines strongly correlated with changes in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1836 . Cellular growth was assessed by colorimetric proliferation assay and cell counts. HepG2 and Hep3B cells had concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth with @entity8228 or @entity5732 treatment alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 resulted in complementary inhibitory effects on growth. Growth inhibitory effects in HepG2 and Hep3B cells with combination treatment appear to be, in part, secondary to the induction of G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, respectively, as determined by flow cytometry. Despite differential signaling in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, the sum effect of combining the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 and the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 results in enhanced antitumor actions. This novel combination may be useful for in vivo studies of @entity157 .

title: Novel combination of @entity3840 and XXXX inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 provides a synergistic increase in apoptosis.

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) and ERK-MAPK mitogenic signaling pathways are important in @entity1 @entity157 . We investigated the effect of @entity3840 inhibition on ERK-MAPK signaling and the effect of combining @entity8047 (MAPK kinase) and @entity3840 inhibitors in @entity1 @entity157 in vitro. COX and ERK expression were determined by immunoblot in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. @entity3840 and @entity8047 activity were determined by @entity1421 assay and phosphospecific immunoblot, respectively. Cell growth was determined by cell proliferation and cell counts. Apoptosis was determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. HepG2 and Hep3B cells do not express @entity9859 or @entity3840 . Correspondingly, basal and agonist ( @entity1426 , lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated @entity3840 activity is undetectable. Treatment of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with @entity8228 resulted in an increase in @entity1366 phosphorylation ( @entity8047 activity) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( @entity8228 , 1 to 100 micromol/L). Treatment with the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 in the presence of @entity5732 ( @entity8047 inhibitor) effectively suppressed @entity1366 phosphorylation as determined by phosphospecific @entity1366 immunoblot. Total @entity1366 and @entity3840 were unchanged with @entity8228 and @entity5732 treatments. In HepG2 cells, @entity8228 (1 to 100 micromol/L) decreased apoptosis as determined by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative apoptosis was increased with @entity5732 alone or in combination with @entity8228 (9 to 10 times the control value), eliminating the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity8228 . In Hep3B cells, apoptosis was unchanged with @entity8228 (1 to 50 micromol/L) or @entity5732 (1 to 10 micromol/L) alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 in Hep3B cells resulted in a synergistic increase in apoptosis (10 times the control value). Relative apoptosis in both cell lines strongly correlated with changes in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein @entity1836 . Cellular growth was assessed by colorimetric proliferation assay and cell counts. HepG2 and Hep3B cells had concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth with @entity8228 or @entity5732 treatment alone. The combination of @entity8228 and @entity5732 resulted in complementary inhibitory effects on growth. Growth inhibitory effects in HepG2 and Hep3B cells with combination treatment appear to be, in part, secondary to the induction of G(0)/G(1) and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest, respectively, as determined by flow cytometry. Despite differential signaling in HepG2 and Hep3B cells, the sum effect of combining the @entity3840 inhibitor @entity8228 and the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 results in enhanced antitumor actions. This novel combination may be useful for in vivo studies of @entity157 .

title: Novel combination of @entity3840 and @entity8047 inhibitors in XXXX @entity157 provides a synergistic increase in apoptosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity459 during pregnancy poses significant risks to the mother and the fetus. Fortunately, prompt diagnosis and effective management can improve outcomes for both. There is controversy regarding appropriate management of these @entity1 , especially late in gestation. The objective of this article, therefore, is to review the literature and to propose an evidence-based approach to managing these @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity459 in the general population is 0.15%. This condition is more common in @entity1 and 25% of cases appear in @entity1 during the childbearing years. The true incidence during pregnancy, however, is not known. Because up to 80% of gravid @entity1 with @entity459 are asymptomatic, diagnosing this condition is more difficult. Complications associated with @entity459 in pregnancy have been reported to occur in up to 67% of mothers and 80% of fetuses. In addition to many constitutional symptoms, maternal complications include @entity1790 , @entity79 , @entity788 , @entity7494 , @entity425 , mental status changes, and hypercalcemic crisis. Reported fetal complications include @entity1592 , low birth weight, @entity3152 , @entity5617 , postpartum neonatal @entity116 , and permanent @entity261 . A four-fold decrease in perinatal complications may be achieved with appropriate therapy. Conservative intervention may be appropriate under certain circumstances, but excision of a @entity3243 remains the only definitive treatment. Debate continues regarding the safety of surgery in the third trimester. However, several cases of successful surgery have been reported. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to describe the typical presentation of a @entity1 with @entity2742 , summarize the work up and management of a @entity1 with @entity2742 , and list the treatment options for a pregnant @entity1 with @entity2742 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy: evidence-based management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study estimated operative risk and examined factors determining long-term survival after resection of typical @entity5 . METHODS: From 1976 to 1996, 139 consecutive @entity1 (66 male and 73 female @entity1 with a mean age of 47 +/- 15 years) underwent thoracotomy for typical @entity5 . The @entity5 were centrally located in 102 @entity1 (73.4%). RESULTS: Radical resection was performed in 106 @entity1 (7 pneumonectomies, 13 bilobectomies, and 86 lobectomies) and conservative resection in 33 (3 segmentectomies, 3 wedge resections, 20 sleeve lobectomies, and 7 sleeve bronchectomies). There were no postoperative deaths. Complications occurred in 19 @entity1 (13.7%). The morbidity rate was not increased after bronchoplastic procedures (chi 2 = 0.033, not significant). Staging was @entity2558 in 107 @entity1 (77.0%) and pT2 in 32 (23.0%); 13 @entity1 (9.4%) had nodal @entity3 . Seventeen @entity1 have died (12.2%), during follow-up, but only three deaths were related to the disease. The overall survival rate at 5, 10, and 15 years was estimated to be 92.4%, 88.3%, and 76.4%, respectively; estimated disease-free survival was 100% at 5 years and 91.4% at 10 and 15 years. Estimated survival of @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 was 100% at 5, 10, and 15 years. Univariate analysis failed to demonstrate any prognostic significance for sex, @entity5 size (T1 versus T2), @entity5 location (central versus peripheral), and type of resection. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm an excellent prognosis after complete resection of typical @entity5 , including those with lymph node @entity3 . Parenchyma-saving resections should be preferred.

title: Operative risk and prognostic factors of typical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Disability and mortality represent the most relevant clinical outcome after acute @entity385 . However, validated and comprehensive prognostic models for recovery have not been developed. An accurate model including all previously suggested independent outcome predictors could improve the design and analysis of clinical trials. We therefore developed prognostic models for functional @entity734 and @entity204 after 100 days in a large cohort of @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: From the German @entity64 Database, 1754 prospectively collected records of @entity1 with acute @entity385 were used for the development of prognostic models. Intubated @entity1 and @entity1 with low functional status before @entity64 were excluded. Functional independence was defined as a Barthel Index >/=95 after 100 days. Prognostic factors assessable within 72 hours after admission were identified by a systematic literature review. The final models of binary logistic regression analyses were internally validated and calibrated. RESULTS: The resulting cross-validated and calibrated models correctly classified more than 80 % of the @entity1 and yielded the following prognostic factors for functional independence: Age, right and @entity1002 at admission, NIH- @entity64 Scale at admission, Rankin Scale 48-72 hours later, gender, prior @entity64 , @entity6 , @entity221 , @entity16 . The following variables were identified as prognostic factors for @entity204 : Age, NIH- @entity64 Scale at admission, and @entity221 . CONCLUSIONS: Our work gives an important insight into prognostic factors after acute @entity385 and presents predictive models with high prognostic accuracy. Together with a prospective validation study, currently underway, we hence hope to improve the prediction of functional outcome after @entity385 .

title: Predicting functional outcome and survival after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['lenticulostriate infarction, neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left arm paresis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and circumstances of serious cervical @entity1566 associated with rugby union and league football in New South Wales. DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity1 with rugby football-related cervical @entity1566 . SETTING: The two central spinal units in NSW, from January 1984 to July 1996. OUTCOME MEASURES: Admission to spinal units; injury resulting in permanent @entity1688 . RESULTS: During the review period, 115 rugby football players (56 union and 59 league) were admitted to the spinal units because of cervical @entity1566 . 49 @entity1 had resultant permanent @entity51 (complete @entity1688 [ @entity1688 ])--26 associated with rugby union and 23 with rugby league. Two @entity1 died of @entity130 within two weeks of admission. There was no significant change in the rate of football-related admissions to spinal units for either code. There was a small decline in the number (from 15 in 1984 to 1987 to 7 in 1992 to 1996) and incidence (from 1.2 to 0.5 per 10,000 @entity1 ) of @entity1 with @entity1688 associated with rugby union. When this decline was tested as a trend over the years, it was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.06). No significant trend was found in the @entity1688 data associated with rugby league. Cervical @entity1566 leading to complete @entity1688 were most commonly associated with scrum-like plays in union and with tackles in league. CONCLUSION: Serious cervical @entity3510 associated with both codes of rugby continue to occur in NSW. Rugby football in its various forms is still an inherently dangerous game.

title: Severe cervical XXXX related to rugby union and league football in New South Wales, 1984-1996.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia', 'tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury sequelae']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: Hereditary @entity209 in the context of evolutionary biology elicit interesting questions about ageing and senescence: Will @entity1 successfully treated for @entity2246 , age and die prematurely because of compromised longevity? Because some unhealthy longevity has its origins in germline and somatic mutational processes, and in an inability to withstand metabolic stress, are there lessons to be learned about senescence from @entity74 ? Why are ageing, senescence and @entity204 necessary for @entity1 and how do they happen? These questions form the theme upon which several variations are played during the course of this essay. The theory of the disposable soma recognizes genomic and environmental events, well-seasoned by Chance, as determinants of ageing and senescence. Together, they cause the somatic damage that results in @entity204 . Genomics will reveal genes involved in longevity, both healthy and unhealthy. There will be schedules of gene expression behind our life-history traits. As in the field of @entity74 , analogous genetic enquiries about ageing can be formulated. For example, how will heterozygotes age? Will association studies in centenarians reveal 'longevity genes'? Will disparate longevity in sib pairs reveal genetic factors? If there are 'ageing' mutations, of what types and with what effects? Will these initiatives lead to healthier longevity? A deeper question yet remains: why has @entity1 biology invested so greatly in grandparenthood?

title: Does XXXX modulate senescence and ageing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Homo sapiens', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary metabolic disease']


abstract: We analyzed immunohistochemically the tissue distribution of the three major transforming growth factors-beta isoforms ( @entity2533 ) in tissue samples from 38 @entity1 with @entity957 . Besides a qualitative evaluation, the number of the respectively labeled cells was determined by morphometric analysis. In all @entity5 samples a significant staining of most @entity5 cells was seen both for the @entity2533 isoforms and the TBRs. Similarly, the majority of stromal cells were labeled. On semiserial sections, there were only minor differences in the distribution pattern and in the number of labeled cells between the three @entity2533 isoforms and the TBRs, suggesting that most @entity5 cells are actively involved in the neosynthesis of TGF-betas and TBRs; accordingly, at least most @entity5 cells seem to be capable of producing more than one @entity2533 form and in parallel several TBRs. With decreasing @entity5 cell differentiation the number of @entity2533 - and TBR-positive @entity5 cells decreased slightly (but not to a statistically significant degree). Interestingly, the stromal cells were labeled for TGF-betas and TBRs to a lower extent than the epithelial cells, and there was no significant difference between non- @entity5 -associated control stroma and the immediate peritumoral stroma. Our observations suggest an even, enhanced level of @entity2533 production in @entity957 , which may explain some well-known side-effects of @entity5 growth, such as @entity3985 . In addition, the presence of immunoreactive TBR-proteins in the vast majority of @entity5 cells excludes the mere absence of TBRs in those @entity189 as the cause for inappropriate @entity2533 function in the @entity5 cells. This in turn suggests that molecular alterations either of the TBR-proteins non-affecting the synthesis and turnover or downstream alterations of the @entity2533 signaling pathway may be main reasons for the loss of response of the @entity5 cells to the enhanced amounts of TGF-betas.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of major @entity2533 isoforms and their receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['stromal desmoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1, -2, -3) and their receptors (TBR-I, -II and -III', 'TGF-beta']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinomas']