abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective study and analysis was performed to determine the value and benefit of pulmonary metastatectomy for soft @entity242 , and which factors predict prognosis following resection. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 underwent resections for pulmonary @entity3 from a soft tissue @entity242 (STS) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH_RC), between January 1985 and December 1998. There were 11 male and 12 female @entity1 . Thirteen of 23 @entity1 (57%) had one to three @entity3 , and 10 (43%) had four or more @entity3 . A total of 41 thoracic explorations was performed for the 23 evaluable @entity1 . Median sternotomy was used only for three @entity1 and lateral thoracotomy was used for 20 @entity1 as an initial surgical approach. Pulmonary resections performed included one or more wedge resections (n=16), segmentectomy (n=5), and lobectomy (n=2). No one in this series underwent pneumonectomy. The number of resected metastatic nodules ranged from one-six with average three. Eight @entity1 (35%) received various kinds of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall and disease-free survival rate post-metastatectomy at five years was 24% and 21%, respectively. Various prognostic indicators were examined to evaluate their association with improved survival. Age, sex localization of the primary site and histologic type, @entity5 grade, size of the resected nodules, laterality (unilateral or bilateral), types of resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and local recurrence did not significantly affect survival. However, @entity1 with disease free interval >6 months, and those with three or fewer @entity3 showed a trend toward a higher five-year overall survival (p=0.06, 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision of lung @entity3 from soft @entity242 is well accepted and should be considered as a first line of treatment if preoperative evaluation indicated that complete resection of the @entity3 is possible. Further investigation is needed before chemotherapy can be recommended as additional therapy.

title: Pulmonary metastatectomy for soft XXXX : is it valuable?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'tissue sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose was to identify the independent predictive factors of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in infiltrating @entity513 (IFDC) and to create a prospective, validated statistical model to predict the likelihood of @entity1600 in @entity1 in the present era of sentinel lymph-node (SLN) biopsy and enhanced histopathology. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate analyses of 13 clinicopathological variables (including @entity5 location) were performed to determine predictors of @entity1600 in 1659 eligible SLN biopsy procedures. A logistic regression model was developed and then prospectively validated on a second population of 187 subsequent consecutive procedures. RESULTS: Age, pathological @entity5 size, palpability, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), histological grade, nuclear grade, ductal histological subtype, @entity5 location (quadrant) and multifocality were associated with @entity1600 in univariate analyses (P < 0.001). Of these, only palpability and histological grade were not statistically associated with @entity1600 in the multivariate analysis (P> 0.05). The frequency of @entity1600 in @entity5 was 20.6%, compared with 33.2% for all other quadrants (P<0.0005). There was no statistical difference between UIQ and @entity5 in any clinicopathological variables analysed. The logistic regression model, developed based on the population of 1659, had the same accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value when applied prospectively to the second population. CONCLUSION: Tumour size, @entity3 , age, nuclear grade, histological subtype, multifocality and location in the breast were independent predictive factors for @entity1600 in IFDC. @entity1600 is less frequent in UIQ @entity5 than in @entity5 . Our prospectively validated predictive model could be valuable in pre-operative @entity1 discussions, although staging of the axilla in the individual @entity1 remains necessary.

title: A prospective validated model for predicting axillary node metastases based on 2,000 sentinel node procedures: the role of XXXX location [corrected].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper-inner-quadrant (UIQ) tumours', 'other-quadrant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['ALNM', 'axillary lymph-node metastases']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'LVI']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apart from transplant, there are no satisfactory therapies for the severe @entity308 in contractility in @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Current @entity712 treatments that act by increasing contractility involve signaling cascades that alter @entity460 homeostasis and induce @entity943 . Omecamtiv mecarbil is a promising new inotropic agent developed for @entity712 that may circumvent such limitations. Omecamtiv is a direct cardiac myosin activator that promotes and prolongs the strong myosin-actin binding conformation to increase the duration of systolic elastance. We tested the effect of omecamtiv on @entity9495 sensitivity of myofilaments of a @entity384 @entity19 model containing a tropomyosin @entity49819 mutation. We compared tension and @entity28653 activity of detergent-extracted myofilaments with and without treatment with 316 nM omecamtiv at varying pCa values. When transgenic myofilaments were treated with omecamtiv, the pCa50 for activation of tension increased from 5.70    0.02 to 5.82    0.02 and @entity28653 activity increased from 5.73    0.06 to 6.07    0.04. This significant leftward shift restored @entity9495 sensitivity to levels no longer significantly different from controls. Proteomic studies lacked changes in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that omecamtiv can potentially augment cardiac contractility in @entity384 by increasing @entity9495 sensitivity. The use of direct myosin activators addresses functional defects without incurring the adverse side effects of @entity9495 -dependent treatments.

title: Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Increases Ca2+ Sensitivity in Myofilaments With a @entity384 Mutant Tropomyosin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'familial dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity49819 :: ('p|SUB|E|54|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E54K']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity49819 :: (p|SUB|E|54|K,ProteinMutation) :: ['E54K']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apart from transplant, there are no satisfactory therapies for the severe @entity308 in contractility in @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Current @entity712 treatments that act by increasing contractility involve signaling cascades that alter @entity460 homeostasis and induce @entity943 . Omecamtiv mecarbil is a promising new inotropic agent developed for @entity712 that may circumvent such limitations. Omecamtiv is a direct cardiac myosin activator that promotes and prolongs the strong myosin-actin binding conformation to increase the duration of systolic elastance. We tested the effect of omecamtiv on @entity9495 sensitivity of myofilaments of a @entity384 @entity19 model containing a tropomyosin @entity49819 mutation. We compared tension and @entity28653 activity of detergent-extracted myofilaments with and without treatment with 316 nM omecamtiv at varying pCa values. When transgenic myofilaments were treated with omecamtiv, the pCa50 for activation of tension increased from 5.70    0.02 to 5.82    0.02 and @entity28653 activity increased from 5.73    0.06 to 6.07    0.04. This significant leftward shift restored @entity9495 sensitivity to levels no longer significantly different from controls. Proteomic studies lacked changes in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that omecamtiv can potentially augment cardiac contractility in @entity384 by increasing @entity9495 sensitivity. The use of direct myosin activators addresses functional defects without incurring the adverse side effects of @entity9495 -dependent treatments.

title: Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Increases Ca2+ Sensitivity in Myofilaments With a XXXX Mutant Tropomyosin @entity49819 .

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Dilated Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The extraction of bitumen from oil sands in Alberta (Canada) produces volumes of tailings that are pumped into large anaerobic settling-basins. Beside bitumen, tailings comprise fractions of @entity7935 , @entity8336 , @entity18008 and @entity11574 (BTEX) that derive from the application of industrial solvents. Due to their @entity137 and volatility, BTEX pose a strong concern for gas- and water-phase environments in the vicinity of the ponds. The examination of two pond profiles showed that concentrations of indigenous BTEX decreased with depth, pointing at BTEX transformation in situ. With depth, the relative contribution of @entity18008 and @entity11574 to total BTEX significantly decreased, while @entity7935 increased relatively from 44% to 69%, indicating preferential @entity7294 degradation. To predict BTEX turnover and residence time, we determined BTEX degradation rates in tailings of different depths in a 180-days microcosm study. In addition, we evaluated the impact of labile organic substrates (e.g. @entity598 ) generally considered to stimulate @entity7294 degradation and the contribution of @entity597 -reducing bacteria (SRB) to BTEX turnover. In all depths, BTEX concentrations significantly decreased due to microbial activity, with degradation rates ranging between 4 and 9 gkg(-1)d(-1). BTEX biodegradation decreased linearly in correlation with initial concentrations, suggesting a concentration-dependent BTEX transformation. SRB were not significantly involved in BTEX consumption, indicating the importance of methanogenic degradation. BTEX removal decreased to 70-90% in presence of organic substrates presumptively due to an accumulation of @entity598 that lowered BTEX turnover due to product inhibition. In those assays SRB slightly stimulated BTEX transformation by reducing inhibitory @entity598 levels.

title: Anaerobic BTEX degradation in oil sands tailings ponds: Impact of labile organic carbon and XXXX -reducing bacteria.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity859 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity299 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity3044 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity859 in head-up tilt-induced @entity1163 in susceptible @entity1 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity859 and @entity3044 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity299 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity855 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity3044 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity1 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity859 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity1 (23.3%) after @entity855 administration. Nine @entity1 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity3044 . Only 2 @entity1 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity855 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity855 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity907 in susceptible @entity1 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) in head-up tilt-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal reaction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac excitatory afferent nerves', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity859 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity299 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity3044 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity859 in head-up tilt-induced @entity1163 in susceptible @entity1 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity859 and @entity3044 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity299 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity855 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity3044 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity1 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity859 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity1 (23.3%) after @entity855 administration. Nine @entity1 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity3044 . Only 2 @entity1 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity855 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity855 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity907 in susceptible @entity1 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of XXXX ( @entity855 ) in head-up tilt-induced @entity1163 ].

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['adenosine triphosphate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity859 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity299 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity3044 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity859 in head-up tilt-induced @entity1163 in susceptible @entity1 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity859 and @entity3044 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with unexplained @entity1163 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity299 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity855 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity3044 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity1 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity859 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity1 (23.3%) after @entity855 administration. Nine @entity1 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity3044 . Only 2 @entity1 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity855 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity855 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity907 in susceptible @entity1 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of @entity855 ( XXXX ) in head-up tilt-induced @entity1163 ].

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial @entity841 ( @entity841 ) of the @entity35 distal colon mucosa are sensitive to acute @entity519 in vitro. The relative contribution of luminal and serosal oxygenation in sustaining Isc and @entity841 was assessed. @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 responses to @entity519 and reoxygenation of preparations of @entity5932 (with and without the mucus gel layer), mounted in an Ussing chamber, and of sacs of everted and non-everted isolated mucosa, were measured. In Ussing chambers, a 5-min total (bilateral) @entity519 reduces Isc and @entity841 by 50 to 70%, while an overshoot was observed on reoxygenation. @entity519 caused about the same effect as total @entity519 , with complete recovery on reoxygenation. Luminal @entity519 had no effect in either Isc or @entity841 . After total @entity519 , selective serosal reoxygenation allowed complete recovery of Isc and @entity841 ; addition of luminal reoxygenation did not further increase Isc and @entity841 . Luminal reoxygenation after total @entity519 did not modify the decrease in Isc and @entity841 , but addition of serosal reoxygenation led to complete recovery. A similar behaviour was seen in isolated mucosa preparations without the mucus gel layer. Baseline Isc and @entity841 of everted sacs were about 45% of those of non-everted sacs, but their response to a @entity519 challenge was slightly attenuated. On reoxygenation, both everted and non-everted sacs showed complete recovery. Summing up: serosal oxygenation is both necessary and sufficient to sustain @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 , while luminal oxygenation is not; there seems to exist a barrier, different from the mucus gel layer, for @entity26 access from the luminal side of the epithelium; and distal colon isolated mucosa everted sac preparations are suboptimally oxygenated.

title: Asymmetrical XXXX availability from serosal and luminal sides of @entity35 distal colon epithelium.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa-submucosa, and of isolated mucosa']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia', 'Serosal hypoxia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial @entity841 ( @entity841 ) of the @entity35 distal colon mucosa are sensitive to acute @entity519 in vitro. The relative contribution of luminal and serosal oxygenation in sustaining Isc and @entity841 was assessed. @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 responses to @entity519 and reoxygenation of preparations of @entity5932 (with and without the mucus gel layer), mounted in an Ussing chamber, and of sacs of everted and non-everted isolated mucosa, were measured. In Ussing chambers, a 5-min total (bilateral) @entity519 reduces Isc and @entity841 by 50 to 70%, while an overshoot was observed on reoxygenation. @entity519 caused about the same effect as total @entity519 , with complete recovery on reoxygenation. Luminal @entity519 had no effect in either Isc or @entity841 . After total @entity519 , selective serosal reoxygenation allowed complete recovery of Isc and @entity841 ; addition of luminal reoxygenation did not further increase Isc and @entity841 . Luminal reoxygenation after total @entity519 did not modify the decrease in Isc and @entity841 , but addition of serosal reoxygenation led to complete recovery. A similar behaviour was seen in isolated mucosa preparations without the mucus gel layer. Baseline Isc and @entity841 of everted sacs were about 45% of those of non-everted sacs, but their response to a @entity519 challenge was slightly attenuated. On reoxygenation, both everted and non-everted sacs showed complete recovery. Summing up: serosal oxygenation is both necessary and sufficient to sustain @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 , while luminal oxygenation is not; there seems to exist a barrier, different from the mucus gel layer, for @entity26 access from the luminal side of the epithelium; and distal colon isolated mucosa everted sac preparations are suboptimally oxygenated.

title: Asymmetrical @entity26 availability from serosal and luminal sides of XXXX distal colon epithelium.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with acute @entity281 experience a range of symptoms including @entity1295 , muscle aches, and difficulties with concentration and memory that are usually self-limited. This cluster of symptoms is otherwise, similar to those that characterize @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive and psychological functioning of @entity5815 @entity1 and normal controls (NCs) when they both were experiencing acute @entity683 -like symptoms. To induce @entity683 -like symptoms, we administered @entity650 ( @entity650 ), a cytokine that temporarily activates the acute phase immunological and endocrine responses. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 who met the 1994 International @entity5815 Study Group Criteria and ten normal controls (NCs) completed routine clinical evaluations, neuropsychological tests of short-term memory, selective attention, and executive control, and self-ratings of somatic symptoms and psychological mood before, shortly following, and 1 day after @entity650 administration. RESULTS: @entity5815 @entity1 consistently reported more somatic symptoms, even when both groups perceived that they were ill. Both groups somatic symptoms increased during the @entity650 challenge, but the @entity5815 @entity1 symptoms increased more rapidly than controls. In general, the @entity5815 @entity1 performed similarly to NCs on the cognitive measures before, during, and after the @entity650 . In contrast to predictions, @entity650 provocation did not impair the cognitive performance of either @entity5815 @entity1 or NCs. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity650 provocation exacerbated the @entity1 self-reported symptoms but did not reveal notable @entity73 between @entity1 and controls during cytokine-induced acute @entity683 -like symptoms.

title: Using an XXXX challenge to evaluate neuropsychological performance in @entity5815 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, malaise']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with acute @entity281 experience a range of symptoms including @entity1295 , muscle aches, and difficulties with concentration and memory that are usually self-limited. This cluster of symptoms is otherwise, similar to those that characterize @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive and psychological functioning of @entity5815 @entity1 and normal controls (NCs) when they both were experiencing acute @entity683 -like symptoms. To induce @entity683 -like symptoms, we administered @entity650 ( @entity650 ), a cytokine that temporarily activates the acute phase immunological and endocrine responses. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 who met the 1994 International @entity5815 Study Group Criteria and ten normal controls (NCs) completed routine clinical evaluations, neuropsychological tests of short-term memory, selective attention, and executive control, and self-ratings of somatic symptoms and psychological mood before, shortly following, and 1 day after @entity650 administration. RESULTS: @entity5815 @entity1 consistently reported more somatic symptoms, even when both groups perceived that they were ill. Both groups somatic symptoms increased during the @entity650 challenge, but the @entity5815 @entity1 symptoms increased more rapidly than controls. In general, the @entity5815 @entity1 performed similarly to NCs on the cognitive measures before, during, and after the @entity650 . In contrast to predictions, @entity650 provocation did not impair the cognitive performance of either @entity5815 @entity1 or NCs. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity650 provocation exacerbated the @entity1 self-reported symptoms but did not reveal notable @entity73 between @entity1 and controls during cytokine-induced acute @entity683 -like symptoms.

title: Using an @entity650 challenge to evaluate neuropsychological performance in XXXX .

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with or without sphincterotomy, has been widely used in @entity1 with severe @entity656 ( @entity656 ) or those with @entity255 and/or obstruction of the biliary tree. Its use in subjects with mild @entity656 is more controversial. AIM: To optimize use of ERCP in @entity1 with mild @entity788 due to @entity5990 by identifying clinical and biochemical predictors of @entity2877 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinical and biochemical data, images, and outcomes of 83 @entity1 with mild @entity656 hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran" from January 1, 1988 to May 30, 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 received elective cholecystectomy at hospital admission. In 35 cases, ERCP was performed before cholecystectomy (group A). The remaining 48 were operated on without ERCP (group B). In 30, transcystic-cholangiography was done. Forty-seven (57%) were female. Mean age was 47 years (19-90). Mean time between onset of AP and hospital admission was 2.2 days (1-15), and between clinical onset and cholecystectomy, eight days (1-26). Statistical differences were evaluated by non-parametric methods. An univariated and multivariated analysis was performed looking for data to identify @entity2877 . RESULTS: @entity2877 was found in 27 cases (32%), 18 from group A (51%), and nine for group B (19%) (RR = 4.58, IC 95% = 1.7-12.25, p = 0.004). ERCP was performed in all cases because of clinical suspicion of @entity2877 ( @entity1087 , @entity648 , and alkaline phosphatase alteration and/or @entity384 ); however, none of the @entity1 of group B in whom @entity2877 was operatively diagnosed showed biochemical or radiologic alterations. Subjects with choledocolithiasis presented more frequently a history of @entity158 (RR = 5.75, IC 95% = 1.76-18.7), @entity1087 (RR = 3.07, IC 95% = 1.15-8.16) and/or alkaline phosphatase elevation (RR = 4.11, IC 95% = 1.3-12.7). CONCLUSION: The high frequency of @entity2877 in subjects with mild @entity788 warranted radiologic exploration of the biliary tree in all @entity1 submitted to cholecystectomy. In those with @entity1087 , alkaline phosphatase elevation and/or a history of @entity158 , ERCP should be performed prior to the operation; in others, @entity2877 can be discharged by operative transcystic cholangiography. Therapeutic measures for treating @entity2877 should be adapted to hospital facilities.

title: [Endoscopic cholangiography in mild XXXX : when and for whom?].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['BAP', 'biliary acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal dilation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pain']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis', 'Choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was carried out to determine whether therapeutic doses of @entity229 could inhibit the response to the @entity112 skin test. METHODS: Forty-five male and female asthmatic and @entity56 @entity1 participated in the study, their ages ranged from 6-14 years old (16 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ). The clinical trial was random, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. METHODS: Three treatment groups were formed and @entity1 were assigned randomly to them. Groups A and B received @entity229 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, whereas group C received a placebo (p.o.). All treatments lasted for 10 days. The @entity112 test was applied on the first, fifth and tenth days of treatment, and the size of the wheal and the extension of the flare were evaluated 5 min after the application of the test. The statistical tool used was ANOVA, since the study sought to see the difference among the treatment groups, after including 45 @entity1 in three groups of 15 @entity1 each. RESULTS: No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups using an ANOVA test. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the response to the @entity112 test was not modified by a 10-day treatment with @entity229 at doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1 mg/kg/day.

title: Is the @entity112 skin test inhibited by XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was carried out to determine whether therapeutic doses of @entity229 could inhibit the response to the @entity112 skin test. METHODS: Forty-five male and female asthmatic and @entity56 @entity1 participated in the study, their ages ranged from 6-14 years old (16 @entity1 and 29 @entity1 ). The clinical trial was random, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. METHODS: Three treatment groups were formed and @entity1 were assigned randomly to them. Groups A and B received @entity229 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, whereas group C received a placebo (p.o.). All treatments lasted for 10 days. The @entity112 test was applied on the first, fifth and tenth days of treatment, and the size of the wheal and the extension of the flare were evaluated 5 min after the application of the test. The statistical tool used was ANOVA, since the study sought to see the difference among the treatment groups, after including 45 @entity1 in three groups of 15 @entity1 each. RESULTS: No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups using an ANOVA test. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the response to the @entity112 test was not modified by a 10-day treatment with @entity229 at doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1 mg/kg/day.

title: Is the XXXX skin test inhibited by @entity229 ?

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed the IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity in @entity31 @entity1 and there is no information about factors related to its synthesis and its status after colectomy. The aims of the study were to assess the serum IgA ANCA prevalence in @entity31 @entity1 , both nonoperated and operated, and to determine the clinical factors related to this positivity. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity31 @entity1 , 63 @entity31 colectomized @entity1 (32 with @entity17142 and 31 with ileal pouch anal @entity254 ), and 24 controls were studied. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected by specific indirect immunofluorescent assays. RESULTS: The percentage of IgA ANCA was significantly higher in @entity1 with ileal pouch anal @entity254 (45%) than in @entity1 with @entity17142 (22%). There were no differences related to the presence of @entity5042 in ileal pouch anal @entity254 @entity1 . @entity1 with nonoperated extensive @entity1960 (47%) had a significantly higher percentage of IgA ANCA than @entity1 with @entity4272 (19%). Total percentage of ANCA (IgA and/or IgG) tended to be higher in @entity31 and in @entity1 with ileal pouch anal @entity254 than in @entity1 with @entity17142 . However, in ileal pouch anal @entity254 @entity1 , ANCA positivity was mainly due to exclusive IgA production. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage of @entity31 @entity1 , and especially colectomized @entity1 with ileal pouch anal @entity254 , had IgA ANCA, suggesting that ANCA production in @entity31 might be stimulated by an immune reaction in the intestinal mucosa.

title: Factors related to the presence of IgA class antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity17142 :: ('MESH:C536611', 'Disease') :: ["Brooke's ileostomy"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Individual lung development during the first year of life was studied in surfactant treated preterm @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and healthy controls, as well as in a group who subsequently developed @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Lung development was assessed from functional residual capacity (FRC) and compliance of the respiratory system (Crs). Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity649 after preterm birth received surfactant treatment. Six of them developed @entity1030 . Eighteen preterm @entity1 without @entity649 served as a control group. Lung function measurements were performed at term age and 4, 8, and 12 months afterwards. FRC was obtained by means of the closed-system helium dilution technique whereas static Crs was obtained by means of the weighted spirometer technique. At term age, FRC was lower in the @entity1030 group compared with uncomplicated @entity649 and controls (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found in the development of FRC during the first year of life (p = 0.4). No differences were found in Crs during the first year of life in surfactant treated @entity1 who recovered from uncomplicated @entity649 and the control group. However, lower values were found in the @entity1030 group (p < 0.05). We conclude that surfactant treated @entity1 without @entity1030 have similar lung development during the first year of life as control preterm @entity1 .

title: Functional residual capacity and static compliance during the first year in preterm XXXX treated with surfactant.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease of the newborn', 'CLDN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report assesses the efficacy and safety of percutaneous @entity3814 and reports on preliminary results of its use. METHODS: The technique was used on 50 @entity1 with 86 painful @entity174 , all of which had failed to respond to earlier conservative medical treatment. The technique involves percutaneous puncture of the involved vertebra via a transpedical approach followed by injection of @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) into the compressed vertebra. @entity1 were asked to quantity their degree of @entity158 on Huskisson's visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the clinical symptoms and surgical results. RESULTS: The procedures were technically successful in all @entity1 , and no complications relating to either the anesthesia or the surgical procedure were reported. The quantity of @entity4625 injected per vertebral body varied from 2.5 to 12 ml according to both the position of the damaged vertebra(e) and the severity of the compression @entity174 . @entity158 , as assessed on the Huskisson's VAS, decreased from 82 +/- 15 mm at the baseline to 37 +/- 22 mm on the first postoperative day, and 32 +/- 19 mm at 1 month. Reductions in @entity158 from the baseline to the first day and to 1 month were both statistically significant (p < 0.05). All @entity1 were able to return to their previous activity and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Through the expertise and attention of experienced surgeons, percutaneous vertebroplasty appears to provide a very good surgical choice for @entity1 with @entity3814 , as this surgical procedure is able to eliminate the risk of major spinal surgery, and through prompt @entity158 relief, may provide early mobilization and rehabilitation for elderly polymorbid @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: The optimism that a cure will soon be found for @entity451 and @entity1688 is strongly founded on the series of discoveries in the last two decades which showed that adult @entity1 spinal cord axons can be made to regenerate given appropriate conditions and microenvironment. But then, why no cure yet in sight? Why is the delay? Spinal cord scientists are encountering a newfound obstacle in regeneration research. While axons do regenerate up and down through a graft/transplant placed at the injury site, they fail to regenerate further on once they reach healthy cord tissue beyond the injury zone. Research from our laboratory since the 1980s found that the principal reason for this failure of long distance regeneration is that the neural circuitry these axons have to traverse through are in a well-stabilized state which is unreceptive and refractory to new growth. Successful long distance regeneration is possible only within labilized (destabilized) neural tissues. We have shown simple and reliable methods of inducing labile state in adult spinal cord neural circuitry. This is achieved by inducing polyneuronal spinal motor control in the paralyzed limb muscles. We had predicted (Krishnan, 1991, 1983) two outcomes of inductive lability in @entity451 . One is partial revival of functions in the paralyzed limbs. The second outcome addresses effective relinking of the severed cord ends. Our preliminary results from adult paraplegic frogs convince us that inductive lability in these animals is capable of generating new growth and new connections in the distal isolated cord. Locomotor rhythm and function reappeared in the hind limbs, which enabled these animals to swim and progress on surface for long periods of observation up to 120 days. Based on these results we now recommend that inductive lability should be included as an essential component in the treatment strategy for @entity1566 repair for effective relinking of the severed cord ends.

title: XXXX repair research: a new combination treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord injury']


abstract: Sindbis viruses are arthropod-borne viruses, which are maintained in nature in a Culex mosquito-bird associated transmission cycle, but Aedes species have been suspected as playing a role in infecting @entity1 . In this study, we addressed the question whether or not Germany's most abundant floodwater mosquito species Aedes vexans (Diptera, Culicidae) can serve as an efficient vector for Sindbis viruses. Firstly, the overall susceptibility of Ae. vexans was tested by intrathoracic inoculation of 40 plaque forming units (PFU) @entity221 ( @entity221 , an European @entity12385 isolate) per female mosquito. Viral titres rose after inoculation reaching a maximum (about a 350-fold increase) between days 5 and 7. Throughout the three weeks of the experiment, virus was recovered from 85% of the individuals demonstrating that Ae. vexans became persistently infected with @entity221 . @entity281 studies were performed using @entity221 -spiked @entity291 blood and an artificial feeding device mimicking viremic animals with @entity221 titres between 3.7 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(7) PFU/ml. The bodies and legs of the mosquitoes were investigated separately. One week after @entity281 , 1 out of 49, and another week later, none of the 36 mosquitoes harboured detectable virus. None of the legs yielded detectable virus at any point in time, indicating that no disseminated @entity281 took place after oral uptake of the virus. Virus titres at 12 and 24 hours after the infectious blood meal were found to directly correspond to the amount of blood meal remaining in the midgut of engorged mosquitoes. Within 24 hours, 50% of the mosquitoes have apparently digested and excreted the blood and no virus could be re-isolated. Interestingly, virus could be recqvered from the faeces of these mosquitoes, collected from the bottom of the cage at 24 hours after feeding. In conclusion, the strain of German Ae. vexans used in this study was found to be refractory to @entity221 because of a midgut @entity281 barrier. Thus, we assume that in a scenario in which @entity12385 viremic birds travel through and roost in Germany during their migration, Ae. vexans would probably not play a role either as a bridge vector for @entity1 @entity281 or in establishing a natural transmission cycle in Germany.

title: Transmission studies of a European XXXX in the floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Karelian fever virus', 'KFV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['oral infection', 'infection', 'infections', 'Oral infection']

answer: @entity12385 :: (11034,Species) :: ['Sindbis virus']


abstract: Lung @entity5 are a heterogeneous subtype of @entity2 representing approximately 20% of all @entity2 , including @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and @entity152 ( @entity152 ). The frequency appears to be approximately 3% for @entity152 . Diagnosis of @entity152 requires attention to neuroendocrine features by light microscopy and confirmation by immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers. Both @entity151 and pulmonary @entity152 are high-grade and @entity5 , with higher incidence in males and smokers and peripheral localization. @entity152 is very rare, and the precise diagnosis on small specimens is very difficult, so we have still too few data to define a standard of treatment for pulmonary LCNECs. Data of literature, most based on retrospective analysis, indicated a poor 5-year overall survival, with a high incidence of recurrence after surgery, even in stage I disease. Primary surgery should be the first option in all operable @entity1 because there is no validate therapeutic approach for @entity152 due to lack of clinical trials in this setting. Neoadjuvant @entity902 -based regimens remain only an option for potentially resectable @entity5 . In advanced stages, @entity151 -like chemotherapy seems the best option of treatment, with a good response rate but a poor overall survival (from 8 to 16 months in different case series). New agents are under clinical investigation to improve @entity152 @entity1 ' outcome. We reviewed all data on treatment options feasible for pulmonary @entity152 , both for localized and extensive disease.

title: XXXX : From Epidemiology to Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['poor-prognosis tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'pulmonary cancers']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['LCNEC', 'large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma']


abstract: Treatment of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) involves aggressive myelosuppressive chemotherapy that is generally administered on an inpatient basis. In our centre, @entity3052 therapy has been initiated in hospital and followed by early outpatient supportive care according to guidelines established in 1996. We conducted a review of all @entity1 presenting with @entity3052 in our centre between January 1996 and July 1998 to evaluate the safety and feasibility of early outpatient supportive care. Nineteen consecutive @entity1 treated with induction chemotherapy were analyzed. @entity1 were treated with @entity2592 and an @entity4349 as aggressive @entity3052 induction therapy with the intent for early discharge. Ten @entity1 (53%) were discharged within 10 days of starting induction chemotherapy (median 4.5 days). Reasons for remaining in hospital included @entity295 , serious medical complications, and social and geographic factors. @entity1 discharged early had a median of 1.5 readmissions (range 0-3), but had 30% fewer in-hospital days than inpatients (p = 0.03), and 57% fewer days of in-hospital antibiotic therapy (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in transfusion requirements or episodes of @entity1398 between the two groups. Thirty-one cycles of consolidation therapy were administered to the 18 @entity1 who survived induction. Early discharge from hospital was achieved for 30 cycles (97%). Nine cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were delivered using outpatient intravenous infusion pumps (29%). This study supports the feasibility and safety of early discharge and outpatient supportive care following chemotherapy for @entity3052 .

title: Outpatient supportive care following chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']


abstract: Oligonucleotides offer the potential to manipulate gene expression in targeted cells which might be exploitable for therapeutic benefit. The effects of combining a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide OL(1) @entity876 , which transiently down-regulates @entity876 levels, with an @entity4349 , @entity8779 , on the growth of wild-type @entity876 WMN gene-expressing @entity706 cells was evaluated. Fluorescent OL(1) @entity876 , was used to demonstrate oligonucleotide uptake and retention by the WMN cells. Uptake was maximal at 24 hours and compared to baseline (0 hours) increasing apoptotic cells were evident in WMN cells treated with OL(1) (1 microM) alone and in combination with @entity8779 (0.2 nM) for 24 to 48 hours. In cells treated with OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 , truncated @entity876 message of a predicted 201 base pair length based on RNAase H cleavage of the OL(1) @entity876 - @entity876 mRNA heteroduplex was detected after 7 hours of incubation. The message for @entity876 was transiently downregulated as detected by RT-PCR analysis at 24 hours, and protein levels transiently reduced at 36 hours, as shown by a quantitative Western blot. Corresponding to these events, the growth of WMN cells ceased after 48 hours in the concurrent presence of OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 and, the @entity706 cells were dead after 72 hours. No reduction in @entity1583 colony forming cell capacity of similarly treated @entity1583 progenitor cells harvested from cytokine-mobilized blood by apheresis was observed. Therefore, synergistic @entity137 of @entity8779 for @entity706 cells treated with an oligonucleotide targeting @entity876 message was demonstrated at oligonucleotide and @entity8779 concentrations which were minimally toxic to @entity1583 progenitor cells. This approach offers new opportunities for purging of @entity706 cells from @entity1583 harvests and @entity706 therapy.

title: Oligonucleotide enhanced XXXX of @entity8779 for @entity706 cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'systemic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['Idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Oligonucleotides offer the potential to manipulate gene expression in targeted cells which might be exploitable for therapeutic benefit. The effects of combining a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide OL(1) @entity876 , which transiently down-regulates @entity876 levels, with an @entity4349 , @entity8779 , on the growth of wild-type @entity876 WMN gene-expressing @entity706 cells was evaluated. Fluorescent OL(1) @entity876 , was used to demonstrate oligonucleotide uptake and retention by the WMN cells. Uptake was maximal at 24 hours and compared to baseline (0 hours) increasing apoptotic cells were evident in WMN cells treated with OL(1) (1 microM) alone and in combination with @entity8779 (0.2 nM) for 24 to 48 hours. In cells treated with OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 , truncated @entity876 message of a predicted 201 base pair length based on RNAase H cleavage of the OL(1) @entity876 - @entity876 mRNA heteroduplex was detected after 7 hours of incubation. The message for @entity876 was transiently downregulated as detected by RT-PCR analysis at 24 hours, and protein levels transiently reduced at 36 hours, as shown by a quantitative Western blot. Corresponding to these events, the growth of WMN cells ceased after 48 hours in the concurrent presence of OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 and, the @entity706 cells were dead after 72 hours. No reduction in @entity1583 colony forming cell capacity of similarly treated @entity1583 progenitor cells harvested from cytokine-mobilized blood by apheresis was observed. Therefore, synergistic @entity137 of @entity8779 for @entity706 cells treated with an oligonucleotide targeting @entity876 message was demonstrated at oligonucleotide and @entity8779 concentrations which were minimally toxic to @entity1583 progenitor cells. This approach offers new opportunities for purging of @entity706 cells from @entity1583 harvests and @entity706 therapy.

title: Oligonucleotide enhanced @entity137 of @entity8779 for XXXX cells.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Oligonucleotides offer the potential to manipulate gene expression in targeted cells which might be exploitable for therapeutic benefit. The effects of combining a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide OL(1) @entity876 , which transiently down-regulates @entity876 levels, with an @entity4349 , @entity8779 , on the growth of wild-type @entity876 WMN gene-expressing @entity706 cells was evaluated. Fluorescent OL(1) @entity876 , was used to demonstrate oligonucleotide uptake and retention by the WMN cells. Uptake was maximal at 24 hours and compared to baseline (0 hours) increasing apoptotic cells were evident in WMN cells treated with OL(1) (1 microM) alone and in combination with @entity8779 (0.2 nM) for 24 to 48 hours. In cells treated with OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 , truncated @entity876 message of a predicted 201 base pair length based on RNAase H cleavage of the OL(1) @entity876 - @entity876 mRNA heteroduplex was detected after 7 hours of incubation. The message for @entity876 was transiently downregulated as detected by RT-PCR analysis at 24 hours, and protein levels transiently reduced at 36 hours, as shown by a quantitative Western blot. Corresponding to these events, the growth of WMN cells ceased after 48 hours in the concurrent presence of OL(1) @entity876 and @entity8779 and, the @entity706 cells were dead after 72 hours. No reduction in @entity1583 colony forming cell capacity of similarly treated @entity1583 progenitor cells harvested from cytokine-mobilized blood by apheresis was observed. Therefore, synergistic @entity137 of @entity8779 for @entity706 cells treated with an oligonucleotide targeting @entity876 message was demonstrated at oligonucleotide and @entity8779 concentrations which were minimally toxic to @entity1583 progenitor cells. This approach offers new opportunities for purging of @entity706 cells from @entity1583 harvests and @entity706 therapy.

title: Oligonucleotide enhanced @entity137 of XXXX for @entity706 cells.

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['Idarubicin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This consensus statement summarizes the proceedings of The Expert Consensus Conference on @entity943 in the Athlete of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (NASPE) on detecting, evaluating, and treating athletes with @entity65 that predispose to @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 in the open policy conference were selected by the codirectors ( @entity14211 . Estes and Olshansky) based on expertise and contributions to the literature. All @entity1 provided a referenced summary of their presentation. The writing group used the information from all published scientific studies, clinical trials, registries, clinical experience, and expert opinion to make recommendations regarding screening, evaluation, management, eligibility for competition, and a range of other medical, social, and legal issues regarding the recreational and competitive athlete. The codirectors of the symposium synthesized the @entity1 ' reports for this and made revisions according to suggestions of all members of the writing committee. The manuscript was reviewed by four independent reviewers assigned by the NASPE Committee for the Development of Position Statements and NASPE Board of Trustees. CONCLUSION: Despite considerable advances in knowledge regarding the diagnosis, therapy, and mechanisms of @entity943 in the athlete, much remains unknown. Continued basic, clinical, and epidemiologic research is needed. Current screening techniques to detect athletes lack sensitivity and specificity. Evaluation of standardized screening programs with tracking of long-term outcomes is needed. Officials from athletic, academic, medical, and legal institutions need to form strategic partnerships to develop policy related to assessment of risk and assumption of responsibility for athletic activities.

title: Report of the NASPE policy conference on XXXX and the athlete.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: A non-heart-beating donor model was considered to examine whether @entity1707 hearts from the abattoir could be resuscitated by whole blood reperfusion. For preservation, machine perfusion using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution was compared with storage on ice. Nineteen hearts from abattoir @entity1707 , harvested 25 +/- 3 min after exsanguination, were harvested and transported to the laboratory. Controls (n = 7) were immediately reperfused with homologous whole @entity1707 blood in an isolated heart model for 60 min with monitoring of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), contractility, and coronary flow. UW solution hearts (UW, n = 6) were perfused for 4 h with 10 degrees C cold UW solution before blood reperfusion. In the cold storage group (CS, n = 6), the organs were stored for an additional 4 h on ice before blood reperfusion. In all hearts, histology was performed after 60 min of blood reperfusion to evaluate @entity296 . All three groups showed significant increases in @entity1002 (p <.001), although this functional recovery was earliest in the control group and latest in the UW group. Significant declines were observed for both @entity1002 and contractility from the peak values in each group to the end of blood reperfusion. Coronary flow increased steadily over the time course for the UW group, whereas in the control and CS groups flow increased during the first 15 min of blood reperfusion and then decreased. In the UW and CS groups, there were significant positive correlations between coronary flow and @entity1002 (p <.001). Microscopic examination revealed no differences between the three groups. Thus, hearts from an abattoir with 25 min of warm ischemic time can be resuscitated. For storage of these organs, continuous machine perfusion with UW solution is superior to cold storage on ice.

title: A non-heart-beating donor model to evaluate functional and morphologic outcomes in resuscitated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular developed pressure', 'LVDP']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For over 3 weeks in October 2002, a series of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area left 10 @entity1 dead and 3 wounded. This study examined the relationship of distress associated with routine activities and perceived safety to psychological and behavioral responses. METHODS: @entity1 were 1238 residents of the Washington, DC, metropolitan area (aged 18 to 90 years, mean=41.7 years) who completed an Internet survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9, and items pertaining to distress related to routine activities, perceived safety, and @entity285 use. Data were collected at one time point approximately 3 weeks after the first sniper shooting and before apprehension of the suspects. Relationships of distress and perceived safety to post-traumatic stress, @entity308 , and increased @entity285 use were examined by using linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Approximately 8% of the @entity1 met the symptom criteria for probable post-traumatic @entity66 , 22% reported mild to severe @entity308 , and 4% reported increased @entity285 use during the attacks. Distress related to routine activities and perceived safety were associated with increased post-traumatic stress and @entity308 and @entity285 use. CONCLUSION: Distress and perceived safety are associated with specific routine activities and both contribute to psychological and behavioral responses during a terrorist attack. These findings have implications for targeted information dissemination and risk communication by community leaders. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-7).

title: Distress of Routine Activities and Perceived Safety Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress, @entity308 , and XXXX Use: 2002 Washington, DC, Sniper Attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress disorder']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For over 3 weeks in October 2002, a series of sniper attacks in the Washington, DC, area left 10 @entity1 dead and 3 wounded. This study examined the relationship of distress associated with routine activities and perceived safety to psychological and behavioral responses. METHODS: @entity1 were 1238 residents of the Washington, DC, metropolitan area (aged 18 to 90 years, mean=41.7 years) who completed an Internet survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9, and items pertaining to distress related to routine activities, perceived safety, and @entity285 use. Data were collected at one time point approximately 3 weeks after the first sniper shooting and before apprehension of the suspects. Relationships of distress and perceived safety to post-traumatic stress, @entity308 , and increased @entity285 use were examined by using linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Approximately 8% of the @entity1 met the symptom criteria for probable post-traumatic @entity66 , 22% reported mild to severe @entity308 , and 4% reported increased @entity285 use during the attacks. Distress related to routine activities and perceived safety were associated with increased post-traumatic stress and @entity308 and @entity285 use. CONCLUSION: Distress and perceived safety are associated with specific routine activities and both contribute to psychological and behavioral responses during a terrorist attack. These findings have implications for targeted information dissemination and risk communication by community leaders. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-7).

title: Distress of Routine Activities and Perceived Safety Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress, XXXX , and @entity285 Use: 2002 Washington, DC, Sniper Attacks.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate diagnosis of the nature of @entity45 is challenging but more important than ever, due partly to the increasing number of incidental cystic findings in the pancreas. Preliminary data suggest that positron emission tomography/computed tomography using @entity419 ( @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT) could have a significant influence on clinical decision making, although its role is still evolving. Our aim was to prospectively compare the accuracy of combined @entity8984 -FDG PET/contrast enhanced (ce) CT, multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating between malignant and benign @entity45 . METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity45 were enrolled for the study. The @entity1 underwent a protocol including @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT, MDCT and MRI combined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), all of which were evaluated blind. The findings were confirmed macroscopically at operation and/or by histopathological analysis (n = 22), or at follow-up (n = 9). RESULTS: Out of 31 @entity1 , six had malignant and 25 had benign lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT was 94% compared with 77% and 87% for MDCT (p<0.05) and MRI, respectively. @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT had a NPV of 100% and a @entity2286 of 75% for @entity45 . The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was significantly higher in malignant (7.4  2.6) than in benign lesions (2.4  0.8) (p<0.05). When the SUVmax was set at 3.6, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to MDCT and MRI, respectively, the clinical management of five and three @entity1 was altered after @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT. CONCLUSION: @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT is an accurate imaging modality for differentiating between benign and malignant @entity45 . We recommend the use of @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT in the evaluation of diagnostically challenging @entity45 .

title: The diagnostic accuracy study of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of XXXX ; a prospective single center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cysts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate diagnosis of the nature of @entity45 is challenging but more important than ever, due partly to the increasing number of incidental cystic findings in the pancreas. Preliminary data suggest that positron emission tomography/computed tomography using @entity419 ( @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT) could have a significant influence on clinical decision making, although its role is still evolving. Our aim was to prospectively compare the accuracy of combined @entity8984 -FDG PET/contrast enhanced (ce) CT, multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating between malignant and benign @entity45 . METHODS: Thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity45 were enrolled for the study. The @entity1 underwent a protocol including @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT, MDCT and MRI combined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), all of which were evaluated blind. The findings were confirmed macroscopically at operation and/or by histopathological analysis (n = 22), or at follow-up (n = 9). RESULTS: Out of 31 @entity1 , six had malignant and 25 had benign lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT was 94% compared with 77% and 87% for MDCT (p<0.05) and MRI, respectively. @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT had a NPV of 100% and a @entity2286 of 75% for @entity45 . The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was significantly higher in malignant (7.4  2.6) than in benign lesions (2.4  0.8) (p<0.05). When the SUVmax was set at 3.6, the sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to MDCT and MRI, respectively, the clinical management of five and three @entity1 was altered after @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT. CONCLUSION: @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT is an accurate imaging modality for differentiating between benign and malignant @entity45 . We recommend the use of @entity8984 -FDG PET/ceCT in the evaluation of diagnostically challenging @entity45 .

title: The diagnostic accuracy study of XXXX positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of @entity45 ; a prospective single center study.

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: Previous studies of c-mvc DNA amplification in @entity2 have focused primarily on analysis of @entity4153 or its @entity5 cell lines. There are few data about @entity517 DNA amplification in histological types of @entity2 other than @entity4153 . Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate @entity517 oncogene amplification in @entity1149 . We studied 46 @entity2 specimens for @entity517 DNA amplification (15 @entity420 , 15 @entity957 , 6 @entity152 , and 10 @entity4153 ). Polymerase chain reaction, @entity1859 DNA labeling, and electrophoresis were utilized to investigate the @entity517 copy number in the @entity2 specimens. The @entity517 copy number of @entity4153 ranged from 1.5 to more than 20.0 in @entity420 and @entity957 , and from 6.0 to 12.0 in @entity152 . That of @entity4153 ranged from 1.8 to 12.0. The @entity517 copy number of @entity4153 was significantly higher than that of @entity4153 (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Z=2.06 P=0.040). However, the differences in @entity517 copy number among these four histological types were not statistically significant. Amplification of @entity517 (more than 4 copies) was observed not only in @entity4153 but also in nonsmall cell @entity189 at similarly high frequency (12/15 in @entity420 and @entity957 , 6/6 in @entity152 , and 9/10 in @entity4153 ).

title: Analysis of @entity517 DNA amplification in XXXX in comparison with small cell lung carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'small cell carcinomas', 'non-small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma', 'large cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies of c-mvc DNA amplification in @entity2 have focused primarily on analysis of @entity4153 or its @entity5 cell lines. There are few data about @entity517 DNA amplification in histological types of @entity2 other than @entity4153 . Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate @entity517 oncogene amplification in @entity1149 . We studied 46 @entity2 specimens for @entity517 DNA amplification (15 @entity420 , 15 @entity957 , 6 @entity152 , and 10 @entity4153 ). Polymerase chain reaction, @entity1859 DNA labeling, and electrophoresis were utilized to investigate the @entity517 copy number in the @entity2 specimens. The @entity517 copy number of @entity4153 ranged from 1.5 to more than 20.0 in @entity420 and @entity957 , and from 6.0 to 12.0 in @entity152 . That of @entity4153 ranged from 1.8 to 12.0. The @entity517 copy number of @entity4153 was significantly higher than that of @entity4153 (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Z=2.06 P=0.040). However, the differences in @entity517 copy number among these four histological types were not statistically significant. Amplification of @entity517 (more than 4 copies) was observed not only in @entity4153 but also in nonsmall cell @entity189 at similarly high frequency (12/15 in @entity420 and @entity957 , 6/6 in @entity152 , and 9/10 in @entity4153 ).

title: Analysis of XXXX DNA amplification in @entity1149 in comparison with small cell lung carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of concurrent @entity1311 / @entity900 and conventional thoracic irradiation in locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Ambulatory @entity1 with medically inoperable or unresectable stage II-III @entity1149 , and performance status 0-2 were eligible. @entity1 were not excluded from this trial if they had lost more than 5% of their body weight during the preceding 3 months, and/or if they had small ipsilateral @entity1143 . The initial dose of @entity1311 / @entity900 was 110 and 50 mg/m(2), and was escalated through five dose levels. Four cycles of chemotherapy were planned; the first two cycles were given concurrently with radiotherapy (4 weeks apart), followed by two additional cycles (every 3 weeks). Conventional chest radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per day) was delivered in 6 weeks. Forty-three @entity1 were enrolled of which 38 were evaluable for response. Dose-limiting @entity137 were grade 4 @entity1398 (43% of @entity1 ) and grade 3 @entity2910 (26% of @entity1 ) during the chemoradiotherapy phase. Grade > or = 2 acute and late @entity358 occurred in 10 and 68% of the @entity1 , respectively. In most @entity1 , prompt symptomatic and radiologic improvement was observed with early @entity134 administration. The volume of lung receiving 15-30 Gy was correlated with late @entity358 . The overall response was 84% with ten complete and 22 partial responses. The median survival was 16.5 months (95% confidence interval, 9.5 to 25) for those @entity1 evaluable for response. After a median follow-up of 70 months, 5 (13%) @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 and @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy is at dose level 3 @entity1311 (135 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)). @entity137 , although significant, was manageable in the great majority of the @entity1 . The activity observed with this regimen is particularly noteworthy when considering the advanced nature of these @entity1 , and the fact that @entity1 (N=18) with poor risk factors were included in the study.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with XXXX and @entity1311 for locally advanced @entity1149 : long-term follow-up of a phase I trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of concurrent @entity1311 / @entity900 and conventional thoracic irradiation in locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Ambulatory @entity1 with medically inoperable or unresectable stage II-III @entity1149 , and performance status 0-2 were eligible. @entity1 were not excluded from this trial if they had lost more than 5% of their body weight during the preceding 3 months, and/or if they had small ipsilateral @entity1143 . The initial dose of @entity1311 / @entity900 was 110 and 50 mg/m(2), and was escalated through five dose levels. Four cycles of chemotherapy were planned; the first two cycles were given concurrently with radiotherapy (4 weeks apart), followed by two additional cycles (every 3 weeks). Conventional chest radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per day) was delivered in 6 weeks. Forty-three @entity1 were enrolled of which 38 were evaluable for response. Dose-limiting @entity137 were grade 4 @entity1398 (43% of @entity1 ) and grade 3 @entity2910 (26% of @entity1 ) during the chemoradiotherapy phase. Grade > or = 2 acute and late @entity358 occurred in 10 and 68% of the @entity1 , respectively. In most @entity1 , prompt symptomatic and radiologic improvement was observed with early @entity134 administration. The volume of lung receiving 15-30 Gy was correlated with late @entity358 . The overall response was 84% with ten complete and 22 partial responses. The median survival was 16.5 months (95% confidence interval, 9.5 to 25) for those @entity1 evaluable for response. After a median follow-up of 70 months, 5 (13%) @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 and @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy is at dose level 3 @entity1311 (135 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)). @entity137 , although significant, was manageable in the great majority of the @entity1 . The activity observed with this regimen is particularly noteworthy when considering the advanced nature of these @entity1 , and the fact that @entity1 (N=18) with poor risk factors were included in the study.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with @entity900 and @entity1311 for locally advanced XXXX : long-term follow-up of a phase I trial.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the feasibility of concurrent @entity1311 / @entity900 and conventional thoracic irradiation in locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Ambulatory @entity1 with medically inoperable or unresectable stage II-III @entity1149 , and performance status 0-2 were eligible. @entity1 were not excluded from this trial if they had lost more than 5% of their body weight during the preceding 3 months, and/or if they had small ipsilateral @entity1143 . The initial dose of @entity1311 / @entity900 was 110 and 50 mg/m(2), and was escalated through five dose levels. Four cycles of chemotherapy were planned; the first two cycles were given concurrently with radiotherapy (4 weeks apart), followed by two additional cycles (every 3 weeks). Conventional chest radiotherapy to a total dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per day) was delivered in 6 weeks. Forty-three @entity1 were enrolled of which 38 were evaluable for response. Dose-limiting @entity137 were grade 4 @entity1398 (43% of @entity1 ) and grade 3 @entity2910 (26% of @entity1 ) during the chemoradiotherapy phase. Grade > or = 2 acute and late @entity358 occurred in 10 and 68% of the @entity1 , respectively. In most @entity1 , prompt symptomatic and radiologic improvement was observed with early @entity134 administration. The volume of lung receiving 15-30 Gy was correlated with late @entity358 . The overall response was 84% with ten complete and 22 partial responses. The median survival was 16.5 months (95% confidence interval, 9.5 to 25) for those @entity1 evaluable for response. After a median follow-up of 70 months, 5 (13%) @entity1 are alive without evidence of disease. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 and @entity900 with concurrent radiotherapy is at dose level 3 @entity1311 (135 mg/m(2)) and @entity900 (75 mg/m(2)). @entity137 , although significant, was manageable in the great majority of the @entity1 . The activity observed with this regimen is particularly noteworthy when considering the advanced nature of these @entity1 , and the fact that @entity1 (N=18) with poor risk factors were included in the study.

title: Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with @entity900 and XXXX for locally advanced @entity1149 : long-term follow-up of a phase I trial.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There remains uncertainty concerning the safety and efficacy of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation as compared with those of conventional ventilation for the respiratory support of very preterm @entity1 . We conducted a multicenter trial to determine whether early intervention with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation reduced mortality and the incidence of @entity1030 among newborns with a gestational age of 28 weeks or less. METHODS: We randomly assigned preterm @entity1 with a gestational age of 23 to 28 weeks to either conventional ventilation or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation within one hour after birth. Randomization was stratified according to center and gestational age (23 to 25 weeks or 26 to 28 weeks). RESULTS: A total of 400 @entity1 were assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, and 397 were assigned to conventional ventilation. The composite primary outcome ( @entity204 or @entity1030 , diagnosed at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age) occurred in 66 percent of the @entity1 assigned to receive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and 68 percent of those in the conventional-ventilation group (relative risk in the group assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, 0.98; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.08). Similar proportions of @entity1 died or had @entity1030 in each gestational-age group. In both treatment groups treatment failure occurred in 10 percent of @entity1 (relative risk in the group assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.50). There were no significant differences between the groups in a range of other secondary outcome measures, including serious @entity1545 and air leak. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional ventilation do not differ significantly in the early treatment of @entity1576 in very preterm @entity1 . Assessment of long-term effects will require additional follow-up.

title: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for the prevention of XXXX of prematurity.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']


abstract: Endovascular surgery for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) has been performed with different commercially available devices since more than 7 years. The technique of implantation even for @entity1756 is feasible. Attention is now focused on complications and mid-term results. We present a single center experience over the last 7 years using nine different endografts. 653 @entity1 with AAAs were treated endovascularly (158 tubes, 495 bifurcated) between August 1994 and September 2001. The total mortality rate in the follow-up period (median 37 months) was 6.1 % with a 30-day mortality of 0.76 % and a procedure-related lethality of 1.2 %. Tube endografts showed the highest endoleakage rate (37.3 %) due to secondary shortening, migration and material defects. Endoleakage was diagnosed in 18.2 % of unibody designed stentgrafts versus 28.3 % in modular grafts. Regarding proximal Type I endoleaks suprarenal fixation with uncovered stents seems to be of no further advantage in proximal graft fixation. The conversion rate was 6.6 % (n = 43), @entity1756 following endovascular repair occurred in 3 of these @entity1 (0.45 %). Mortality in emergency conversion was 30 % compared to no deaths in elective cases. There was a surprisingly high rate of inadvertent renal @entity1188 (9 %) in follow-up CT scans, two times higher in suprarenal fixation (18 %) than in infrarenal position (7.4 %). In conclusion, we observed best results in unibody bifurcated stentgrafts, late failure of first generation endografts (Mintec(R)) and decreasing conversion rates over the last years (learning curve!). The clinical significance of a side @entity1070 and related maximal @entity1028 diameter remains uncertain. The ideal graft has yet to be found, but improvements in design and implantation techniques evolve rapidly. Good results will be obtained in the future by @entity1 selection and restrictive indications.

title: [Results of XXXX Repair (EVAR)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['branch endoleak']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: During 1993 to 2000 85 @entity1 were treated for a @entity1755 . The average age of the @entity1 was 72.4 years (46-90). 71 @entity1 showed an @entity397 and the remaining 14 a suprenal rupture. 76 of 85 cases were @entity397 . All @entity1 were operated upon. A tube graft was required in 43 cases and 31 needed a bifurcated graft. In further two cases an extraanatomical bypass was necessary due to a @entity5880 . The operation on 11 @entity1 could not be completed and 21 @entity1 died in hospital during the postoperative period. On the other hand, 53 @entity1 survived the rupture of the @entity439 . The mortality rate was 37.6 %. The early non-surgical complications dominated during the postoperative period. @entity1576 , @entity177 and @entity712 were responsible for the mortality rate. It is unforseeable which @entity1 will survive the emergency operation. Therefore it is always appropriate to attempt the reconstruction of an acutely ruptured AAA.

title: [Results and complications of XXXX repair].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal rupture', 'covered ruptures']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) phototherapy has been shown to be effective for the treatment of various dermatoses. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of NB-UVB in the treatment of early stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ). METHODS: The response of 24 @entity1 (12 stage IA, 12 stage IB) with patch stage @entity4888 to thrice weekly NB-UVB was assessed. Twelve @entity1 had skin phototypes I-III, and 12 had types IV-VI. Seven @entity1 had hypopigmented @entity4888 . Mean follow-up period was 29.0 weeks. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (54.2%) had a complete response (CR), 7 (29.2%) had partial response (PR), and 4 (16.7%) had no response. Specimens from a repeat biopsy in 10 @entity1 with CR showed histologic clearing in 9 of them. Upon discontinuation of treatment, 4 @entity1 with CR relapsed, with a mean time to relapse of 12.5 weeks. CONCLUSION: NB-UVB is a viable, comparably safe, and easily administered alternative in the management of early stage @entity4888 .

title: Narrowband UVB phototherapy for early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'mycosis fungoides']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We determine the frequency of @entity1 presenting without a primary complaint of @entity662 who are admitted with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and identify factors associated with an increased risk of a presentation without @entity662 . METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study over a 5-year period (July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1998) of @entity1 presenting to a large urban, public hospital emergency department who were admitted and determined to have an @entity583 based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, coding and chart review. Main outcome measures were prevalence of presentation without @entity662 and prevalence of other predefined presentations (ie, @entity1353 , @entity1167 , @entity490 , @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 ) as determined by the primary chief complaint entered on arrival at the @entity2613 . We calculated univariate relative risks and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 , nonwhite ethnic groups, and older age groups. RESULTS: Of the 721 cases of diagnosed @entity583 , 53% (380; 95% confidence interval [CI] 49% to 56%) of @entity1 presented with @entity662 . The frequency of other complaints were @entity1353 , 17% (121); @entity1167 , 7% (50); @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 , 4% (32); @entity490 , 2% (14); and other, 17% (124). The risk of a presentation without @entity662 in a @entity1 with @entity583 increased with age. The characteristic with the highest risk for a presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 with @entity583 was age older than 84 years old (multivariate OR 5.76; 95% CI 3.06 to 10.83). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to present without @entity662 (multivariate OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.28). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 with @entity583 commonly present to the @entity2613 without a primary initial complaint of @entity662 and that the frequency of initial presentations without @entity662 in our urban, public hospital is as high or higher than that reported in the general @entity2613 population. Heightened awareness of atypical presentations may affect assessment of @entity1 with @entity583 and provide further focus for research into presentations of @entity1187 other than @entity662 .

title: Presenting complaint among @entity1 with XXXX who present to an urban, public hospital emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We determine the frequency of @entity1 presenting without a primary complaint of @entity662 who are admitted with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and identify factors associated with an increased risk of a presentation without @entity662 . METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study over a 5-year period (July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1998) of @entity1 presenting to a large urban, public hospital emergency department who were admitted and determined to have an @entity583 based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, coding and chart review. Main outcome measures were prevalence of presentation without @entity662 and prevalence of other predefined presentations (ie, @entity1353 , @entity1167 , @entity490 , @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 ) as determined by the primary chief complaint entered on arrival at the @entity2613 . We calculated univariate relative risks and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 , nonwhite ethnic groups, and older age groups. RESULTS: Of the 721 cases of diagnosed @entity583 , 53% (380; 95% confidence interval [CI] 49% to 56%) of @entity1 presented with @entity662 . The frequency of other complaints were @entity1353 , 17% (121); @entity1167 , 7% (50); @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 , 4% (32); @entity490 , 2% (14); and other, 17% (124). The risk of a presentation without @entity662 in a @entity1 with @entity583 increased with age. The characteristic with the highest risk for a presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 with @entity583 was age older than 84 years old (multivariate OR 5.76; 95% CI 3.06 to 10.83). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to present without @entity662 (multivariate OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.28). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 with @entity583 commonly present to the @entity2613 without a primary initial complaint of @entity662 and that the frequency of initial presentations without @entity662 in our urban, public hospital is as high or higher than that reported in the general @entity2613 population. Heightened awareness of atypical presentations may affect assessment of @entity1 with @entity583 and provide further focus for research into presentations of @entity1187 other than @entity662 .

title: Presenting complaint among XXXX with @entity583 who present to an urban, public hospital emergency department.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The metabolic actions of @entity29227 ( @entity442 ) were compared in cultured skeletal muscle cells from @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) and type 2 @entity6 subjects. @entity2690 stimulated @entity413 uptake with comparable sensitivity in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 2.0 +/- 0.7 nmol/L) and @entity6 (1.3 +/- 0.4) cells. @entity442 sensitivity for uptake stimulation was similar in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 0.30 +/- 0.06 nmol/L) and type 2 cells (0.37 +/- 0.01). In @entity7964 cells, @entity2690 and @entity442 were equally potent for stimulation of @entity413 uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) activity. However, in @entity6 cells, maximal @entity2690 stimulation of both responses was only half of the increases due to @entity442 . Final absolute activities after @entity442 stimulation were still lower in @entity6 cells compared with cells from @entity7964 subjects. Hormonal stimulation of Akt phosphorylation exhibited the same behavior as metabolic responses; comparable for @entity2690 and @entity442 in @entity7964 muscle, while @entity442 was significantly more effective in @entity6 cells. Both @entity2690 receptor (IR) binding and receptor protein expression were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells. @entity442 binding and receptor protein expression were not significantly different in @entity6 compared with @entity7964 cells. The expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3, 5, and 6 were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells; @entity12561 was slightly, but significantly higher, in @entity6 cells. While @entity2690 and @entity442 are equally effective on metabolic responses in @entity7964 muscle, @entity6 muscle cells are markedly more resistant to @entity2690 than @entity442 . The greater metabolic activity of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 muscle may provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity2690 resistance in skeletal muscle.

title: @entity2690 and @entity2690 -like growth factor-1 action on human skeletal muscle: preferential effects of @entity442 in type 2 XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity29227 :: ('3630;3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The metabolic actions of @entity29227 ( @entity442 ) were compared in cultured skeletal muscle cells from @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) and type 2 @entity6 subjects. @entity2690 stimulated @entity413 uptake with comparable sensitivity in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 2.0 +/- 0.7 nmol/L) and @entity6 (1.3 +/- 0.4) cells. @entity442 sensitivity for uptake stimulation was similar in @entity7964 (EC(50) = 0.30 +/- 0.06 nmol/L) and type 2 cells (0.37 +/- 0.01). In @entity7964 cells, @entity2690 and @entity442 were equally potent for stimulation of @entity413 uptake and glycogen synthase (GS) activity. However, in @entity6 cells, maximal @entity2690 stimulation of both responses was only half of the increases due to @entity442 . Final absolute activities after @entity442 stimulation were still lower in @entity6 cells compared with cells from @entity7964 subjects. Hormonal stimulation of Akt phosphorylation exhibited the same behavior as metabolic responses; comparable for @entity2690 and @entity442 in @entity7964 muscle, while @entity442 was significantly more effective in @entity6 cells. Both @entity2690 receptor (IR) binding and receptor protein expression were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells. @entity442 binding and receptor protein expression were not significantly different in @entity6 compared with @entity7964 cells. The expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) 3, 5, and 6 were similar in @entity7964 and @entity6 cells; @entity12561 was slightly, but significantly higher, in @entity6 cells. While @entity2690 and @entity442 are equally effective on metabolic responses in @entity7964 muscle, @entity6 muscle cells are markedly more resistant to @entity2690 than @entity442 . The greater metabolic activity of @entity442 in type 2 @entity6 muscle may provide new insights into the mechanisms of @entity2690 resistance in skeletal muscle.

title: @entity2690 and @entity2690 -like growth factor-1 action on human skeletal muscle: preferential effects of XXXX in type 2 @entity6 subjects.

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1']