abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival rates of @entity1 with in-hospital @entity1167 due to @entity2224 treated with @entity3303 , @entity2643 , or @entity2643 plus @entity3303 . DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Three academic medical centers in the United States. @entity1 : Hospitalized adult @entity1 who received @entity2643 , @entity3303 , or a combination for @entity2224 between August 1, 2000, and July 31, 2002. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected according to the Utstein style. In-hospital proportion of @entity1 living at 24 hrs and discharge were analyzed using chi-square analysis. Of the 605 @entity1 medical records reviewed, 194 met criteria for inclusion (n=79 for @entity3303 , n=74 for @entity2643 , n=41 for combination). Available data showed no difference in proportion of @entity1 alive 24 hrs post- @entity1167 (p=.39). Cox regression analysis indicated a decreased likelihood of survival in @entity1 with @entity2224 as an initial rhythm as compared with those who presented with @entity1168 followed by @entity2224 and in those @entity1 who received @entity2643 as compared with @entity3303 . However, only 14 @entity1 (25%) in the @entity2643 group received the recommended initial 300-mg intravenous bolus, and @entity2643 was administered an average of 8 mins later in the code compared with @entity3303 (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results generate the hypothesis that inpatients with @entity1167 may have different benefits from @entity3303 and @entity2643 than previously demonstrated. Inadequate dosing and later administration of @entity2643 in the code were two confounding factors in this study. Prospective studies evaluating these agents are warranted.

title: Comparing intravenous @entity2643 or XXXX , or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival rates of @entity1 with in-hospital @entity1167 due to @entity2224 treated with @entity3303 , @entity2643 , or @entity2643 plus @entity3303 . DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective medical record review. SETTING: Three academic medical centers in the United States. @entity1 : Hospitalized adult @entity1 who received @entity2643 , @entity3303 , or a combination for @entity2224 between August 1, 2000, and July 31, 2002. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were collected according to the Utstein style. In-hospital proportion of @entity1 living at 24 hrs and discharge were analyzed using chi-square analysis. Of the 605 @entity1 medical records reviewed, 194 met criteria for inclusion (n=79 for @entity3303 , n=74 for @entity2643 , n=41 for combination). Available data showed no difference in proportion of @entity1 alive 24 hrs post- @entity1167 (p=.39). Cox regression analysis indicated a decreased likelihood of survival in @entity1 with @entity2224 as an initial rhythm as compared with those who presented with @entity1168 followed by @entity2224 and in those @entity1 who received @entity2643 as compared with @entity3303 . However, only 14 @entity1 (25%) in the @entity2643 group received the recommended initial 300-mg intravenous bolus, and @entity2643 was administered an average of 8 mins later in the code compared with @entity3303 (p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results generate the hypothesis that inpatients with @entity1167 may have different benefits from @entity3303 and @entity2643 than previously demonstrated. Inadequate dosing and later administration of @entity2643 in the code were two confounding factors in this study. Prospective studies evaluating these agents are warranted.

title: Comparing intravenous XXXX or @entity3303 , or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias.

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paralysis of abducens nerve is a very rare complication of lumbar puncture, which is a common procedure most often used for diagnostic and anesthetic purposes. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old @entity1 underwent surgery for a @entity4553 while he was under spinal anesthesia. On the first postoperative day, the @entity1 experienced a severe @entity10 that did not respond to standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication and hydration. During the second postoperative day, @entity390 and @entity391 occurred. On the fourth postoperative day, @entity390 ceased completely but the @entity1 complained of @entity892 . Examination revealed bilateral strabismus with bilateral @entity2896 . His @entity892 resolved completely after 9 weeks and strabismus after 6 months. CONCLUSION: @entity9175 following spinal anesthesia is a rare and reversible complication. Spinal anesthesia is still a feasible procedure for both the orthopaedic surgeon and the @entity1 . Other types of anesthesia or performing spinal anesthesia with smaller diameter or atraumatic spinal needles may help decrease the incidence of @entity9175 . Informing the @entity1 about the reversibility of the complication is essential during the follow-up because the palsy may last for as long as 6 months. Special attention must be paid to @entity1 positioning following the operation. Recumbency and lying flat should be accomplished as soon as possible to prevent @entity5173 and resultant @entity551 . This becomes much more important if the @entity1 has postdural puncture @entity10 .

title: Eye problem following foot surgery-- XXXX as a complication of spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['Abducens palsy', 'abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['left hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity9175 :: (MESH:C564661,Disease) :: ['abducens palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In 2003 @entity418 was the sixth leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 in Taiwan, but it is the fastest increasing (70%) alimentary tract @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different habits of betel nut chewing on @entity1721 (SCC) and its interaction with cigarette use and @entity167 consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 165 cases were pathologically proven esophageal SCC @entity1 (all male, mean age = 56.0, range = 35-92 years) diagnosed by biopsy during gastroendoscopic examinations. The control group comprised 255 subjects (all male, mean age = 54.8, range = 40-92 years) selected from @entity1 who had visited the Otolaryngology Outpatient or Inpatient Department of KMUH owing to a benign lesion over this field. All were interviewed to collect demographic and substance use information by a trained interviewer using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Smoking (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.4-12.9, PAR = 72%), alcoholic beverage drinking (aOR = 17.6, 95% CI = 9.3-35.2, PAR = 76%) and low education level are independent risk factors for @entity418 . Although betel nut chewers only had a borderline significant higher risk than nonchewers (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.8-3.1), those who chewed with a piece of betel inflorescence (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4-16.0) and swallow betel-quid juice (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-9.3) had a significant higher risk. Significant dose-response effects were found in daily quantity of drinking and smoking. There is a synergistic effect of these three substances on the development of @entity418 . CONCLUSION: Betel nut chewing plays a relevant role in the development of esophageal SCC but adds to the carcinogenetic effect of smoking and @entity167 drinking. Direct mucosal contact of betel juice may contribute to its @entity105 .

title: Interaction between cigarette, XXXX and betel nut use on @entity418 risk in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In 2003 @entity418 was the sixth leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 in Taiwan, but it is the fastest increasing (70%) alimentary tract @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different habits of betel nut chewing on @entity1721 (SCC) and its interaction with cigarette use and @entity167 consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 165 cases were pathologically proven esophageal SCC @entity1 (all male, mean age = 56.0, range = 35-92 years) diagnosed by biopsy during gastroendoscopic examinations. The control group comprised 255 subjects (all male, mean age = 54.8, range = 40-92 years) selected from @entity1 who had visited the Otolaryngology Outpatient or Inpatient Department of KMUH owing to a benign lesion over this field. All were interviewed to collect demographic and substance use information by a trained interviewer using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Smoking (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.4-12.9, PAR = 72%), alcoholic beverage drinking (aOR = 17.6, 95% CI = 9.3-35.2, PAR = 76%) and low education level are independent risk factors for @entity418 . Although betel nut chewers only had a borderline significant higher risk than nonchewers (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.8-3.1), those who chewed with a piece of betel inflorescence (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4-16.0) and swallow betel-quid juice (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-9.3) had a significant higher risk. Significant dose-response effects were found in daily quantity of drinking and smoking. There is a synergistic effect of these three substances on the development of @entity418 . CONCLUSION: Betel nut chewing plays a relevant role in the development of esophageal SCC but adds to the carcinogenetic effect of smoking and @entity167 drinking. Direct mucosal contact of betel juice may contribute to its @entity105 .

title: Interaction between cigarette, @entity167 and betel nut use on XXXX risk in Taiwan.

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity235 prostate and also in @entity1 with @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) due to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity235 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity1067 @entity1 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity235 , @entity194 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity235 and relieves @entity1876 in @entity1 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity1876 due to @entity1067 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves @entity1876 in XXXX and induces prostate apoptosis in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['BOO', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity235 prostate and also in @entity1 with @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) due to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity235 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity1067 @entity1 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity235 , @entity194 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity235 and relieves @entity1876 in @entity1 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity1876 due to @entity1067 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves XXXX in @entity1 and induces prostate apoptosis in @entity235 .

answer: @entity1876 :: (MESH:D001748,Disease) :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity235 prostate and also in @entity1 with @entity1876 ( @entity1876 ) due to @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity235 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity1067 @entity1 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity235 , @entity194 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity235 and relieves @entity1876 in @entity1 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity1876 due to @entity1067 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves @entity1876 in @entity1 and induces prostate apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRTII) parameters in differentiating @entity735 with early or moderate @entity16 . METHODS: HRTII tests were performed on 70 eyes of 70 @entity1 with early or moderate @entity16 , and 70 eyes of 70 healthy subjects. HRTII stereometric parameters, global and sectorial rim area parameters were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were calculated. Cases were divided into three groups according to disc size as large, medium and small, and mean values of parameters in @entity726 and control groups were compared. RESULTS: Mean disc area was larger in the @entity726 group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups for all stereometric parameters, except height variation contour, mean @entity989 fibre layer thickness and @entity989 fibre layer cross-sectional area stereometric parameters. There was also a significant difference between the groups for global, temporal, superior temporal and inferior temporal rim area parameters. In small discs, however, this difference disappeared in all parameters except temporal rim area and superior temporal rim area sectorial parameters. When all the cases were included, the quartet parameters having the highest specificity (80%) and sensitivity (74.3%) were cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure and height variation contour parameters. CONCLUSION: Some HRTII parameters have better sensitivity and specificity than the others. It is necessary to pay special attention in evaluating small discs.

title: Sensitivity and specificity of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II parameters in detecting early and moderate XXXX : effect of disc size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['normal eyes from eyes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal nerve']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A posterior subtenon injection of @entity2995 is an alternative to intravitreal injection in @entity1103 and is known to have fewer @entity227 . Here, we report a case of periocular abscess following posterior subtenon injection of @entity2713 . METHODS: A 62-year-old @entity1 who had @entity1103 and disc neovascularization underwent a posterior subtenon injection of @entity2995 and panretinal laser photocoagulation. One month later a periocular abscess was noted in the inferotemporal area adjacent to the scleral wall. Pus was removed by fine-needle aspiration, and microbiologic cultures identified Pseudallescheria boydii. The @entity1 was given systemic and subconjunctival treatment with @entity2059 . However, @entity3169 and @entity32 worsened, and another posterior subtenon abscess was found. RESULTS: Despite long-term systemic and topical @entity2059 therapy, @entity1713 and vitreous opacity were shown on B-scan, and @entity3202 bulbi resulted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5517 and orbit can result in a poor visual outcome. Prompt surgical debridement and drainage of the abscess, along with appropriate antifungal therapy based on susceptibility testing, must be mandatory.

title: Periocular abscess caused by Pseudallescheria boydii after a posterior subtenon injection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision-threatening complications']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the eye']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival infection']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: @entity66 has been associated with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and with its major phenotypic features, such as early ageing. In order to evaluate an in vivo pro-oxidant state, the following analytes were measured in a group of @entity1467 @entity1 aged 2 months to 57 years: (a) leukocyte @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ); (b) blood @entity2041 ; (c) plasma levels of: @entity14626 (Glx) and @entity14625 (MGlx); some antioxidants ( @entity414 , UA, @entity620 , AA and @entity270 ), and @entity3624 oxidase (XO) activity. A significant 1.5-fold increase in @entity7599 levels was observed in 28 @entity1467 @entity1 vs. 63 controls, with a sharper increase in @entity1467 @entity1 aged up to 30 years. The @entity9492 :GSH x 100 ratio was significantly higher in young @entity1467 @entity1 (< 15 years), in contrast to @entity1467 @entity1 aged >or=15 years that showed a significant decrease in the @entity9492 :GSH x 100 ratio ratio vs. controls of the respective age groups. Plasma Glx levels were significantly higher in young @entity1467 @entity1 , whereas no significant difference was detected in @entity1467 @entity1 aged >or=15 years. Unlike Glx, the plasma levels of MGlx were found to be significantly lower in @entity1467 @entity1 vs. controls. A significant increase was observed in plasma levels of UA in @entity1467 @entity1 that could be related to an increased plasma XO activity in @entity1467 @entity1 . The plasma concentrations of AA were also increased in young (< 15 years) @entity1467 @entity1 , but not in older @entity1 vs. controls in the same age range. The levels of @entity270 in @entity1467 @entity1 did not differ from the values determined in control donors. The evidence for a multiple pro-oxidant state in young @entity1467 @entity1 supports the role of oxidative stress in @entity1467 phenotype, with relevant distinctions according to @entity1 ' ages.

title: Multiple evidence for an early age pro-oxidant state in Down Syndrome XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: For @entity1 with @entity189 in the head of the pancreas surgical resection remains the only chance of cure. Perioperative mortality could be reduced in the last years dramatically, postoperative morbidity, however, remains high. Only a small percentage of all @entity1 suffering from @entity788 are good candidates for an operative therapy. The most frequent contraindications are metastases in the liver or the peritoneum or a locally too advanced @entity5 . The extent of surgical resection necessary in @entity1 with @entity788 is still in discussion. Even after an operation under curative aspects long term results remain disappointing. Median survival still ranges only about 16 months. A substantial improvement of long term- survival can only be expected from new multimodal therapeutic strategies. Adjuvant chemotherapy should strongly be recommended after resection of a @entity788 . Neoadjuvant therapy on the other hand is still an experimental procedure and under evaluation in ongoing prospective randomized studies.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of the pancreatic head].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the disease incidence, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment measures of the @entity8468 ( @entity8468 ). METHOD: Retrospective analyse the medical history, hearing, vestibular function examination and treatment of 76 @entity8468 @entity1 who were diagnosed in our department of Otolaryngology from 2002 to 2008. RESULT: Most @entity1 (93.4%) showed @entity1274 . Part of @entity1 (61.8%) showed air-bone conduction gap in low frequency. The @entity393 of 43 ears is > 40-60 dB HL, > 60 -80 dB HL 47 ears, > 80 dB HL 62 ears. Decline curve is the characteristic of the Audiogram. The decline in high-frequency 112 ears, flat curve in 29 ears, island hearing in 11 ears. Forty-six @entity1 were conducted the vestibular function examination, which showed @entity258 . Tympanogram showed that 141 ears are type A, 11 ears are type C. High-resolution CT scan revealed that @entity8468 minimum diameter is 2.2 mm and the largest is 6.2 mm, with a wide opening and deep narrower, and showed the "triangle" or "flared". Forty-two cases of this group were simple dilatation of the @entity8468 , and no large vestibular semicircular canal @entity600 or @entity600 . There was no intellectual and other development disorders. In accordance with the degree of @entity393 , 20 cases of @entity1 restored hearing after drug treatment. Eleven were cases fit a suitable hearing aid and carried out the language rehabilitation training. Forty-five very severe @entity1 were implanted the cochlear and mapping one month later. CONCLUSION: Fluctuative and progressive @entity393 is the main clinical symptoms of @entity8468 . The @entity1 should be examined by high resolution CT scan of the temporal bone. There is no precise and effective treatment for the disease. It is very important for the deaf @entity1 who have residual hearing to fit hearing aids and carry out the language rehabilitation training as soon as possible. As for the @entity1 who suffer from @entity393 severely and the hearing aid cannot achieve effective compensation, the cochlear implant should be considered.

title: [Experience of 76 cases of XXXX , clinical diagnosis and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['LVAS', 'vestibular aqueduct', 'large vestibular aqueduct syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cochlear malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low vestibular function']

answer: @entity8468 :: (OMIM:600791,Disease) :: ['large vestibular aqueduct syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an invasive technique of artificial reproduction. We investigated the effect of ICSI on neuromotor development in 5-8 year old singletons. METHODS: We did a follow-up of ICSI-singletons born between 1996 and 1999 after treatment in the Leiden University Medical Center and compared them with matched controls born after @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and natural conception (NC). @entity1 underwent a thorough neurological examination that focused on minor @entity51 (MND). RESULTS: There were no differences in outcome between ICSI (n = 81) and @entity52 - @entity1 (n = 81), all born at term: MND prevalence 66.3% versus 61.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) 1.08 [0.83; 1.29]. MND prevalence among all ICSI- @entity1 (n = 87) was higher than among NC-controls (n = 85) (66.3% versus 50.6%, PR 1.31 [1.02; 1.55]). After adjustment for maternal age and parity, the PR remained elevated but was no longer statistically significant (adjusted PR 1.22 [0.86; 1.52]). When comparing only term ICSI and NC- @entity1 (n = 81; n = 85), the PR adjusted for maternal age and parity was 1.20 [0.83; 1.51]. CONCLUSIONS: Neuromotor outcome of 5-8 year old singletons born at term after ICSI or @entity52 was similar; ICSI- @entity1 (both the total group and term @entity1 only) deviated slightly from NC-controls. Part of this effect was explained by a difference in parity, but not prematurity.

title: Matched follow-up study of 5-8 year old ICSI-singletons: comparison of their neuromotor development to XXXX and naturally conceived singletons.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: In the early years of transplantation in Arizona, @entity6656 occurred in 7% to 9% of recipients, with a mortality rate as high as 72% in some cases. In current transplant programs, however, evolution of immunosuppression and institution of targeted prophylaxis have resulted in @entity281 rates ranging from 1% to 2%. The clinical characteristics of this @entity281 among transplant recipients range from asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Dissemination is common, and mortality is high (28%). Because serologic response is often absent or slow, diagnosis can be challenging and often requires invasive diagnostic procedures. Pharmacologic treatment follows the guidelines of the @entity166 Society of America, but control of @entity281 may also dictate a decrease in immunosuppressant treatment. After @entity281 is controlled, secondary azole prophylaxis is recommended to prevent relapse. @entity1 with a history of @entity6656 may undergo successful transplantation when disease is inactive and @entity5638 prophylaxis is instituted. The incidence of donor-derived @entity6656 is not known. The risk of @entity281 among transplant recipients visiting in or relocating to an endemic area is low, and routine prophylaxis for this group is not recommended.

title: XXXX in @entity1 who have undergone transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'coccidioidal infection']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

answer: @entity6656 :: (MESH:D003047,Disease) :: ['Coccidioidomycosis']


abstract: In the early years of transplantation in Arizona, @entity6656 occurred in 7% to 9% of recipients, with a mortality rate as high as 72% in some cases. In current transplant programs, however, evolution of immunosuppression and institution of targeted prophylaxis have resulted in @entity281 rates ranging from 1% to 2%. The clinical characteristics of this @entity281 among transplant recipients range from asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Dissemination is common, and mortality is high (28%). Because serologic response is often absent or slow, diagnosis can be challenging and often requires invasive diagnostic procedures. Pharmacologic treatment follows the guidelines of the @entity166 Society of America, but control of @entity281 may also dictate a decrease in immunosuppressant treatment. After @entity281 is controlled, secondary azole prophylaxis is recommended to prevent relapse. @entity1 with a history of @entity6656 may undergo successful transplantation when disease is inactive and @entity5638 prophylaxis is instituted. The incidence of donor-derived @entity6656 is not known. The risk of @entity281 among transplant recipients visiting in or relocating to an endemic area is low, and routine prophylaxis for this group is not recommended.

title: @entity6656 in XXXX who have undergone transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Despite recent advances in treatment, @entity0 remains a serious health threat for @entity1 . Traditional chemotherapies are limited by a lack of specificity for @entity5 cells and the cell cycle dependence of many chemotherapeutic agents. Here we report a novel strategy to help overcome these limitations. Using triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) to direct DNA damage site-specifically to oncogenes overexpressed in @entity1 @entity0 cells, we show that the effectiveness of the anticancer @entity2353 analogue @entity136 can be improved significantly. TFOs targeted to the promoter region of @entity517 directly inhibited gene expression by approximately 40%. When used in combination, specific TFOs increased the incorporation of @entity136 at the targeted site approximately 4-fold, presumably due to induction of replication-independent DNA synthesis. Cells treated with TFOs and @entity136 in combination showed a reduction in both cell survival and capacity for anchorage-independent growth (approximately 19% of untreated cells). This combination affected the tumorigenic potential of these @entity5 cells to a significantly greater extent than either treatment alone. This novel strategy may be used to increase the range of effectiveness of antitumor nucleosides in any @entity5 which overexpresses a targetable oncogene. Multifaceted chemotherapeutic approaches such as this, coupled with triplex-directed gene targeting, may lead to more than incremental improvements in nonsurgical treatment of @entity0 .

title: Targeting oncogenes to improve XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: SETTING: Health centres in Awassa, southern Ethiopia. DESIGN: Consecutive @entity1 visiting health centre laboratories for the evaluation of suspected @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) between June and September 2006 were investigated. On-the-spot, morning and second on-the-spot sputum samples were pooled for each @entity1 . Direct smears were stained with hot Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique and aliquots cultured for mycobacteria on L  wenstein-Jensen media. The remaining sputum was treated with household bleach, aliquoted and processed with short-term digestion, centrifugation and sedimentation techniques, and stained with ZN. RESULTS: Acid-fast bacilli were detected in respectively 126 (25%), 141 (28%), 169 (34%) and 198 (40%) of the 497 pooled sputum samples processed by the direct, short-term, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the direct, short-term, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques was respectively 51.1%, 53.2%, 57.6% and 63.6%. The difference between the direct smear and centrifugation (P < 0.001) or sedimentation (P < 0.005) methods was significant. The specificity of the direct, short-term digestion, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques was respectively 97%, 93%, 86.5% and 80.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Bleach treatment of sputum and centrifugation significantly improves the sensitivity of smear microscopy for the diagnosis of @entity378 in a health centre in a high @entity378 burden area. It is more sensitive, but possibly less specific, than other bleach methods.

title: Validation of bleach-treated smears for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We believe @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ) is not necessary in @entity1 with an @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 with a histologically confirmed @entity2466 from April 1, 1980, to February 28, 2005, and an analysis of the literature. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 (34 females and 14 males) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2466 were included in the study. Appendiceal @entity4303 was diagnosed incidentally in all 48 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 11 to 86 years (mean age, 41 years). Postoperative follow-up and disease-free survival were confirmed in 33 @entity1 via medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the relationship between survival, @entity5 size, and the role of @entity4265 vs appendectomy alone. RESULTS: Four @entity1 in our series underwent secondary @entity4265 and lymph node dissection for @entity5 greater than 2.0 cm, and none had positive lymph nodes. Following review of the literature, we were unable to find any recent evidence of distant metastasis from @entity4303 in @entity1 already treated by appendectomy. There seem to be no conclusive data to support the notion that @entity4265 confers a survival benefit over appendectomy for @entity4303 greater than 2.0 cm. CONCLUSION: @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm can be managed effectively with simple appendectomy, given their low malignant potential and slow growth, obviating the need for @entity4265 in this group of @entity1 without affecting overall survival.

title: Is XXXX for 2.0-cm appendiceal @entity4303 justified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal carcinoid', 'Appendiceal carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hemicolectomy', 'RHC']

answer: @entity4265 :: (MESH:C535682,Disease) :: ['right hemicolectomy']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We believe @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ) is not necessary in @entity1 with an @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 with a histologically confirmed @entity2466 from April 1, 1980, to February 28, 2005, and an analysis of the literature. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 (34 females and 14 males) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2466 were included in the study. Appendiceal @entity4303 was diagnosed incidentally in all 48 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 11 to 86 years (mean age, 41 years). Postoperative follow-up and disease-free survival were confirmed in 33 @entity1 via medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the relationship between survival, @entity5 size, and the role of @entity4265 vs appendectomy alone. RESULTS: Four @entity1 in our series underwent secondary @entity4265 and lymph node dissection for @entity5 greater than 2.0 cm, and none had positive lymph nodes. Following review of the literature, we were unable to find any recent evidence of distant metastasis from @entity4303 in @entity1 already treated by appendectomy. There seem to be no conclusive data to support the notion that @entity4265 confers a survival benefit over appendectomy for @entity4303 greater than 2.0 cm. CONCLUSION: @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm can be managed effectively with simple appendectomy, given their low malignant potential and slow growth, obviating the need for @entity4265 in this group of @entity1 without affecting overall survival.

title: Is @entity4265 for 2.0-cm appendiceal XXXX justified?

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['carcinoids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reasons for persistent differences in @entity0 mortality rates among various racial and ethnic groups have been difficult to ascertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine reasons for disparities in @entity0 outcomes across racial and ethnic groups. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: The authors pooled data from 7 mammography registries that participate in the National @entity5 Institute-funded @entity0 Surveillance Consortium. @entity5 diagnoses were ascertained through linkage with pathology databases; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programs; and state @entity5 registries. @entity1 : 1,010,515 @entity1 40 years of age and older who had at least 1 mammogram between 1996 and 2002; 17,558 of these @entity1 had diagnosed @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS: Patterns of mammography and the probability of inadequate mammography screening were examined. The authors evaluated whether overall and advanced @entity5 rates were similar across racial and ethnic groups and whether these rates were affected by the use of mammography. RESULTS: African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American @entity1 were more likely than white @entity1 to have received inadequate mammographic screening (relative risk, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.2 to 1.2], 1.3 [CI, 1.2 to 1.3], 1.4 [CI, 1.3 to 1.4], and 1.2 [CI, 1.1 to 1.2] respectively). African-American @entity1 were more likely than white, Asian, and Native American @entity1 to have large, advanced-stage, high-grade, and lymph node-positive @entity5 of the breast. The observed differences in advanced @entity5 rates between African American and white @entity1 were attenuated or eliminated after the cohort was stratified by screening history. Among @entity1 who were previously screened at intervals of 4 to 41 months, African-American @entity1 were no more likely to have large, advanced-stage @entity5 or lymph node involvement than white @entity1 with the same screening history. African-American @entity1 had higher rates of high-grade @entity5 than white @entity1 regardless of screening history. The lower rates of advanced @entity5 among Asian and Native American @entity1 persisted when the cohort was stratified by mammography history. LIMITATIONS: Results are based on a cohort of @entity1 who had received mammographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: African-American @entity1 are less likely to receive adequate mammographic screening than white @entity1 , which may explain the higher prevalence of advanced @entity0 among African-American @entity1 . Tumor characteristics may also contribute to differences in @entity5 outcomes because African-American @entity1 have higher-grade @entity5 than white @entity1 regardless of screening. These results suggest that adherence to recommended mammography screening intervals may reduce @entity0 mortality rates.

title: Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Increased technical failure has been reported for cross-arch @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ), particularly for cantilever units with minimum osseous support. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of severely reduced bone support on the stress field developed within the connectors for 3 types of cross-arch @entity2300 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six digital parametric models were developed, derived from a 3-dimensional (3-D) initial model. The latter simulated a @entity1 mandible, dentate bilaterally to second premolars, with normal height of alveolar bone. In the initial model, the teeth were prepared and splinted with a cross-arch @entity7607 bilaterally with one of the following: no cantilever, 1-unit cantilever, or 2-unit cantilever. All structures were obtained from computed tomography (CT)-scan images or constructed in 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) and reverse engineering environments. A 3-D finite element analysis (3-D FEA) was performed. RESULTS: The reduction of the alveolar bone in the no-cantilever @entity7607 model caused a greater increase of stress in the region of connectors among the splinted teeth in comparison to the 1- and 2-unit cantilever @entity7607 model. The stress state within the connectors of the cantilever segment remained constant. The connectors proximal to the retaining abutment demonstrated the highest stress values, independent of the osseous support. The stress values in the region of the same connectors in the 2-unit cantilever restoration were almost double, compared to the 1-unit cantilever model. Decreasing the osseous level in the 1- and 2-unit cantilever @entity7607 models caused milder stress distribution and magnitude in the region of connectors among the splinted teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The stress field developed within the connectors of the cantilever segment is independent of the osseous level. The stress field within the connectors among splinted teeth depends on the osseous support and both the presence and length of the cantilever segment. Furthermore, this study indicates that adding a cantilever segment has a positive effect on the stress behavior of the splinted teeth connectors in situations of reduced osseous support.

title: Effect of severely reduced bone support on the stress field developed within the connectors of three types of cross-arch XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['fixed partial dentures', 'FPDs']

answer: @entity2300 :: (MESH:D011681,Disease) :: ['fixed partial dentures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adiponectin, a circulating adipocyte-derived hormone, exerts beneficial actions on hearts subjected to @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Adiponectin exists in plasma as three different oligomeric forms: trimer, hexamer and high molecular weight. This study investigated the expression and myocardial accumulation of adiponectin in a @entity19 model of @entity63 -reperfusion injury. METHODS: Wild-type and adiponectin deficient @entity19 were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation followed by reperfusion. Plasma adiponectin levels were analyzed by ELISA and adiponectin in heart was determined by immunohistochemical, Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin levels declined after @entity741 -reperfusion injury due to reductions in high molecular weight and, to a lesser extent, trimer and hexamer isoforms. Adiponectin protein was detected in injured but not sham-operated heart, and this was accompanied by a negligible increase in adiponectin transcript in the myocardium. Systemic delivery of adiponectin to adiponectin knockout (APN-KO) @entity19 led to the accumulation of adiponectin in @entity63 -reperfusion-injured, but not-uninjured hearts at levels comparable to wild-type suggesting that cardiac expression of adiponectin does not appreciably contribute to its accumulation in the infarcted heart. The serum half-life of adiponectin was 7.4+/-0.3 h in @entity63 -reperfusion and 9.7+/-0.5 h in sham-operated @entity19 (P>0.05), whereas the half-life of adiponectin in the damaged heart was 26.9+/-2.2 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that adiponectin accumulates in the heart following @entity2806 primarily through leakage from the vascular compartment, and that adiponectin has a longer half-life in damaged heart tissue than in plasma.

title: Adiponectin accumulates in myocardial tissue that has been damaged by XXXX -reperfusion injury via leakage from the vascular compartment.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Many aspects of life in plants, animals and @entity1 are controlled by light. Endogenous, so-called circadian rhythms in the body deviate from the exact 24-hour day and have typically a period of around 25.5 hours in @entity1 . Normally these rhythms adapt to the external 24-hour day-and night changes but under constant conditions the rhythms can free run. Many studies show how important the interplay between light and the circadian rhythms are for @entity1 as well as for other organisms. The control of these rhythms by light is mediated via the retina and the @entity2493 system in @entity1 . The adaptation of the rhythms is very important in shift work, in rapid jet lag travels over time zones, etc. Organisms often use the circadian rhythm to determine the length of day and of night, a feature that has given rise to the term biological clocks. A biological clock provides possibilities to determine the proper time for physiological processes to start in plants and animals (flowering, hibernation etc). The importance of light and circadian rhythms for @entity7383 and @entity308 is also discussed. For several organisms one has now been able to specify genes that determine the period of the clocks. The rhythmic physiologic processes, the light reactions and the general importance of light for rhythms and for @entity1 are now studied at the molecular level.

title: [Rhythms, XXXX and light].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['manic-depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressions']


abstract: Objectives. To explore research mentoring experiences and perceived mentoring needs of @entity1240 and disability researchers at different career stages. Design. Focus group and individual interviews with rehabilitation researchers at various career stages based in hospitals, universities, and hospital-based research institutes in Ontario, Canada. Results. The overall theme was mentoring for transition. @entity1 across career stages referred to helpful mentoring experiences as those that assisted them to move from their previous stage into the present stage or from the present stage into their next career progression. Unhelpful mentoring experiences were characterized by mentor actions that were potentially detrimental to transition. Subsumed under this theme were three categories. The first, "hidden information" referred to practical information that was difficult to access. The second "delicate issues" referred to helping the @entity1 work through issues related to sensitive matters, the discussion of which could put the @entity1 or their colleagues in a vulnerable position. The third category was "special challenges of clinician-researchers". Conclusions. Helpful mentoring for rehabilitation researchers working on concerns related to @entity1240 and disability appears to be characterized by interaction with more experienced individuals who aid the researcher work through issues related to career transition.

title: Mentoring experiences of XXXX and disability rehabilitation researchers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'Participants', 'participants']

answer: @entity1240 :: (MESH:D019588,Disease) :: ['aging']


abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental @entity270 (VE) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. In experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU @entity1881 /kg. At 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for @entity251 estimation were taken. 3. In experiment 2, 50 male and 50 female cage-reared quails (5 weeks old) were fed male breeder and layer rations, respectively, supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. At 13 weeks, 9 different mating pairs (5 pairs/group) were formed. Group 1 contained one control male and one control female in each of 5 pens. In groups 2 to 5, control males were paired with females on supplements of 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. In groups 6 to 9, control females were paired with males on supplements of 75, 150, 225 and 300 IU/kg. During subsequent adaptation and egg collection periods, each of 10 d, control layer ration was fed to all groups. All the eggs laid during the 10-d egg collection period were incubated artificially to estimate fertility and hatchability. The trial was repeated at 15 weeks. 4. Adult male quails receiving moderate supplemental VE (75 and 150 IU/kg) had a higher cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity251 than quails fed on either @entity25943 or more highly supplemented diets (225 and 300 IU alpha- @entity4793 /kg). 5. It was concluded that a supplement of 75 IU VE/kg in @entity2829 / @entity1460 diet could provide the best reproductive performance of male breeder quails. Cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity251 can serve as indirect indicators of testicular activity and fertilising ability in quails. Supplemental VE did not affect the fertility and hatchability of male and female @entity5872 .

title: Effects of supplemental XXXX in diet of @entity5872 on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity25943 :: ('MESH:D014811', 'Disease') :: ['VE-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quails']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental @entity270 (VE) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. In experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU @entity1881 /kg. At 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for @entity251 estimation were taken. 3. In experiment 2, 50 male and 50 female cage-reared quails (5 weeks old) were fed male breeder and layer rations, respectively, supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. At 13 weeks, 9 different mating pairs (5 pairs/group) were formed. Group 1 contained one control male and one control female in each of 5 pens. In groups 2 to 5, control males were paired with females on supplements of 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. In groups 6 to 9, control females were paired with males on supplements of 75, 150, 225 and 300 IU/kg. During subsequent adaptation and egg collection periods, each of 10 d, control layer ration was fed to all groups. All the eggs laid during the 10-d egg collection period were incubated artificially to estimate fertility and hatchability. The trial was repeated at 15 weeks. 4. Adult male quails receiving moderate supplemental VE (75 and 150 IU/kg) had a higher cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity251 than quails fed on either @entity25943 or more highly supplemented diets (225 and 300 IU alpha- @entity4793 /kg). 5. It was concluded that a supplement of 75 IU VE/kg in @entity2829 / @entity1460 diet could provide the best reproductive performance of male breeder quails. Cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity251 can serve as indirect indicators of testicular activity and fertilising ability in quails. Supplemental VE did not affect the fertility and hatchability of male and female @entity5872 .

title: Effects of supplemental @entity270 in diet of XXXX on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability.

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: The sensitivity of the circadian photoreceptors mediating entrainment of the eclosion rhythm and phase shifts of oviposition rhythm of the high altitude (HA) strain of @entity22919 originating from Badrinath (5123 m above sea level) in the Himalayas was compared with the low altitude (LA) strain from Firozpur (179 m above sea level). Reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity2222 is regarded as the result of natural selection, which led to the weakening of the coupling mechanism between the circadian pacemaker and light at the high altitude of origin. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the photic entrainment of the oviposition rhythm of the @entity2222 of @entity22919 is also altered by the high altitude of its origin, and the results are compared with those of the LA strain. The effects of light intensity on the phase angle difference (Psi), degree of rhythmicity (R), the percent oviposition in photophase, the threshold light intensity (i.e., the intensity at which stable entrainment occurred), and the saturation light intensity (i.e., the intensity beyond which the values of Psi or amplitude of rhythm remained unaltered) were determined. Entrainment was studied in light-dark cycles in which the light intensity of 12 h of photophase varied from 1 to 1000 lux, and complete darkness prevailed in all scotophases. The oviposition rhythm of the @entity2222 was arrhythmic from 1 to 90 lux, weakly rhythmic at 95 lux, but rhythmic at or above 100 lux, while that of the LA strain was weakly rhythmic at 1 lux but rhythmic at or above 2 lux. Oviposition of the @entity2222 occurred mostly in the photophase, while that of the LA strain occurred in the scotophase; as a result, the oviposition medians of the @entity2222 were around the subjective forenoons while those of the LA strain were around the subjective evenings. The percent of oviposition in photophase increased from 68 to 98 in the @entity2222 and from 5 to 33 in the LA strain as light intensity increased from 1 to 1000 lux. In the @entity2222 , the Psi values were significantly less and values of R and percent oviposition in photophase were significantly more than those of the LA strain at each level of light intensity. Threshold and saturation intensities for Psi were 100 and 700 lux, respectively, for the @entity2222 , but just 2 and 45 lux, respectively, for the LA strain. The saturation intensity for R was 650 and 700 lux for the HA and LA strains, respectively. These results extend the confirmation that the reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity2222 might have been acquired through natural selection in response to environmental conditions at the high altitude of its origin.

title: Effect of light intensity on the oviposition rhythm of the altitudinal strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22919 :: ('7217', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila ananassae', 'D. ananassae']

answer: @entity22919 :: (7217,Species) :: ['Drosophila ananassae']


abstract: Inaccurate coronal plane realignment is a common problem after high tibial osteotomy. It has been shown that lower @entity717 has an effect on the two-dimensional measurement of lower limb alignment. Although @entity2246 are known to occur due to @entity717 , the magnitude of this effect is unknown. Navigation systems allow for the measurements of coronal plane alignment and dynamically rotational and sagittal plane. Our study evaluated the effect of rotational leg movements on coronal plane alignment as determined by image-free navigation. We hypothesized that a linear relationship exists between rotation and angular measurements. Eight cadavers were used, while three test conditions of the complete lower limbs were established: (1) solid knee arthrodesis, (2) provisional knee arthrodesis and (3) unconstrained knee conditions. Navigated measurements of coronal and sagittal lower limb @entity2270 were done initially without knee flexion for defined internal/external rotations of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and maximal values for all test series. Repeated test for the unconstrained knee included stepwise knee flexion of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees. Statistical analysis comparing the test conditions 1, 2 and 3 and comparison between flexion movements of the unconstrained knee were done. Results revealed no significant differences between the different rotations of test condition 1 (mean 0.34 degrees, SD 0.23, range, 0 degrees-0.8 degrees). Condition 2 similarly did not result in significant deviations (mean 0.51 degrees, SD 0.24, range 0.1 degrees-0.9 degrees). Measurement deviations ranging from 0.4 degrees to 4.3 degrees were found for condition 3, the unconstrained knee. However, no statistically different testings from the arthrodesed knee were found (P=0.099-0.410). Knee flexion from 5 degrees, 10 degrees or 20 degrees, showed significant deviations (P<0.05) for all rotations at all degrees of flexion. Rotation and flexion of 5 degrees led to significant @entity2246 of 3.4 degrees and 2.8 degrees, respectively, for internal and external rotations. Measurement failures due to the rotational movements of 1 degree-4 degrees might add to additional sources of errors causing relevant under- or over-corrections of the mechanical leg @entity2270 . @entity2270 due to rotational movements as well as flexion of the knee joint can be avoided and corrected immediately with the help of navigation.

title: Influence of lower XXXX in navigated alignment analysis: implications for high tibial osteotomies.

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'Discrepancies of the axis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['limb rotation']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['alignment errors']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['limb rotation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Typical @entity956 is characterized by cavotricuspid isthmus dependence and activation sequentially around the tricuspid annulus (TA), usually counterclockwise. However, analysis of the upper portion of the annulus by postpacing interval after entrainment sometimes suggests it is outside the circuit. Details on the true active circuit are limited, particularly in the upper portions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the full active circuit in @entity956 . METHODS: In 26 @entity1 with isthmus-dependent @entity956 , we created detailed electroanatomic maps of postpacing intervals throughout the entire right atrium. Postpacing intervals within 20 ms of the flutter cycle length were defined as within the circuit. RESULTS: Creating postpacing interval maps allowed characterization of the full active circuit in all @entity1 , and revealed significant variations despite similar counterclockwise or clockwise patterns with activation mapping. In 8, the active circuit was solely around the TA. In 14, an oblique course between the anterior and posterior borders was found, with the upper circuit off the annulus, posterior to the right atrial appendage base. Of these, 8 coursed anterior to the @entity6480 , 5 behind the @entity6480 and 1 bifurcated the @entity6480 . In 4 others, bifurcation of the upper circuit was seen around the right atrial appendage (n = 3), or around the combined right atrial appendage-superior vena cava (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Despite similar activation around the TA, creating electroanatomic postpacing interval maps distinguishes the active flutter circuit from passively activated myocardium. Significant variability exists in the active circuit, with only a minority around the TA. Most commonly, the circuit courses not around a single barrier but obliquely between anterior and posterior borders.

title: Electroanatomic mapping of postpacing intervals clarifies the complete active circuit and variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the epidemiology of @entity3681 in elite youth football. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected injury data from English Football Association (FA) academies. SETTING: Forty-one FA football academies, between 1998 and 2006. @entity1 : For the complete seasons studied, a total of 14 776 players was registered from U9 to the @entity46164 age category, a mean of 2463 players per year. All @entity3681 of sufficient severity to miss 48 h or more of training were studied, 2563 @entity130 in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence and burden of @entity3681 in this population and factors associated with injury. RESULTS: There was a mean incidence of one @entity3681 per player per year, and a mean of 20 training days and two matches were missed per @entity3681 . @entity130 rates were seen in older players, in competition and later in each half of match time. @entity130 were observed early in the season and after the winter break. In competition, more @entity130 were associated with a contact situation than in training. Eighty-eight @entity130 (3.4%) required a lay-off of 3 months or more and in 18 (0.7%) cases the player failed to return to training. In total, 52 290 training days and 5182 match appearances were lost through @entity3681 . The majority of @entity130 were @entity6475 , but more severe @entity130 occurred accounted for 3.9% of the total. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3681 are common in young football players and are often severe, with prolonged loss of training time. This has potential far-reaching implications, both on and off the field.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX occurring in English Football Association academies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injury', 'Ankle injuries', 'ankle injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Peaks in injury', 'Increased injury', 'injuries']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle injuries']


abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, has diverse functions in mammals. However, studies of the expression and function of PACAP and its receptor in fish, particularly in the reproductive system, are still limited. In this report, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to identify expression domains of commercially important tilapia ( @entity13864 ). PACAP (tpacap(38)) and its type I receptor (tpac(1)-r). Transcripts were detected in the brain, gallbladder, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, muscles, pancreas, spleen, stomach, testes, and ovaries, but not in the liver. Expression of tpacap(38) and tpac(1)-r mRNA in brain tissue was significantly higher in both sexes compared with other tissues. Addition of exogenous ovine PACAP(38) (0.25-5 nM), @entity268 analog ( @entity8279 , 0.25-1.5 mM) or @entity1928 ( @entity1920 cyclase activator, 1-10 microM) significantly upregulated tpacap(38) in the gonads via a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This effect reached a maximal level at 2 h after induction, and then decreased with prolonged culture for up to 4 or 8 h. Additionally, the expression levels of tpac(1)-r were not significantly affected by ovine PACAP(38) or @entity8279 in either sex. @entity1928 had a slightly inductive effect and its function could be suppressed with the addition of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity9501 (10 microM), indicating involvement of the @entity268 -PKA signaling pathway in the regulation of tpacap(38). Expression of tpacap(38) and tpac(1)-r in the gonads of tilapia suggests that PACAP may mediate gonadotropin action via paracrine/autocrine mechanisms in this bony fish.

title: Expression and in vitro regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap38) and its type I receptor (pac1-r) in the gonads of tilapia ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity13864 :: ('8127', 'Species') :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity13864 :: (8127,Species) :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']


abstract: CONTEXT: An enlarged incretin response after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has been proposed to promote excessive beta-cell function and mass. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether RYGBP is associated with a steadily increased @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) response and a disruption of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion required to maintain plasma @entity413 in the normal range. DESIGN AND @entity1 : This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty-four @entity1 divided into three groups according to time after RYGBP (9-15, 21-30, and more than 36 months). Eight normal-weight and eight morbidly @entity28 @entity1 served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity5445 was determined after a standardized test meal. Insulin secretion (AIRg) and insulin sensitivity (S(I)) were derived from an iv @entity413 tolerance test. Postprandial @entity413 profile was recorded with a continuous @entity413 monitoring system. RESULTS: Area under the curve(0-120) of @entity5445 was larger after RYGBP compared with controls (P < 0.01) but was comparable among surgical groups (P =0.314). Time after surgery was not associated with changes in S(I) (P = 0.657), AIRg (P = 0.329), or the disposition index ( @entity6684 = AIRgS(I), P = 0.915). After surgery, the @entity5445 response and the @entity6684 were not significantly correlated (P = 0.304). @entity413 less than 50 mg/dl was found in operated subjects, but the proportion did not increase with time after surgery (P = 0.459). Neither the @entity5445 response (P = 0.620) nor the @entity6684 (P = 0.457) differed significantly between those with or without hypoglycemic episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity5445 response to meal intake is steadily elevated after RYGBP, this does not result over time in the development of an inappropriate insulin secretion relative to the prevailing insulin sensitivity or the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes.

title: Long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and islet function in morbidly XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of colesevelam @entity5209 in @entity1 with heterozygous @entity753 (heFH). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, 41-site study in 194 @entity1 aged 10 to 17 years (inclusive) with heFH (statin-na  ve or on a stable statin regimen). After a 4-week stabilization period (period I), subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, colesevelam 1.875 g/d, or colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 8 weeks (period II). All then received open-label colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 18 weeks (period III), with follow-up 2 weeks later. The primary endpoint was percent change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 from baseline to week 8. Secondary endpoints included percent change in other lipoprotein variables, including non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)- @entity165 . Adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: At week 8, a significant difference from baseline in LDL- @entity165 was reported with colesevelam 1.875 g/d (-6.3%; P = .031) and colesevelam 3.75 g/d (-12.5%; P < .001) compared with placebo. Significant treatment effects were also reported for total @entity165 (-7.4%), non-HDL- @entity165 (-10.9%), HDL- @entity165 (+6.1%), @entity1675 (+6.9%), and @entity755 (-8.3%) and a nonsignificant effect for @entity1674 (+5.1%) with colesevelam 3.75 g/d compared with placebo at week 8. These treatment effects were maintained during period III. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35277 significantly lowered LDL- @entity165 levels in @entity1 with heFH.

title: @entity35277 : efficacy and safety in pediatric subjects with heterozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity35277 :: ('MESH:C107058', 'Chemical') :: ['Colesevelam']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of colesevelam @entity5209 in @entity1 with heterozygous @entity753 (heFH). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, 41-site study in 194 @entity1 aged 10 to 17 years (inclusive) with heFH (statin-na  ve or on a stable statin regimen). After a 4-week stabilization period (period I), subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, colesevelam 1.875 g/d, or colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 8 weeks (period II). All then received open-label colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 18 weeks (period III), with follow-up 2 weeks later. The primary endpoint was percent change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 from baseline to week 8. Secondary endpoints included percent change in other lipoprotein variables, including non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)- @entity165 . Adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: At week 8, a significant difference from baseline in LDL- @entity165 was reported with colesevelam 1.875 g/d (-6.3%; P = .031) and colesevelam 3.75 g/d (-12.5%; P < .001) compared with placebo. Significant treatment effects were also reported for total @entity165 (-7.4%), non-HDL- @entity165 (-10.9%), HDL- @entity165 (+6.1%), @entity1675 (+6.9%), and @entity755 (-8.3%) and a nonsignificant effect for @entity1674 (+5.1%) with colesevelam 3.75 g/d compared with placebo at week 8. These treatment effects were maintained during period III. CONCLUSIONS: @entity35277 significantly lowered LDL- @entity165 levels in @entity1 with heFH.

title: XXXX : efficacy and safety in pediatric subjects with heterozygous @entity753 .

answer: @entity35277 :: (MESH:C107058,Chemical) :: ['Colesevelam hydrochloride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of dedicated pancreatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the @entity5 (NPTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MDCT and other imaging studies in @entity1 with suspected NPTs were identified. Thirty dedicated MDCT studies were done in 23 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 (16 operations) subsequently had surgery. Imaging reports were reviewed and findings compared with surgical findings and findings in other imaging studies. RESULTS: @entity1 with surgery: 19 NPTs (16 extrapancreatic @entity7581 and 3 pancreatic NPTs) were identified at surgery. MDCT identified 16 and @entity1943 receptor scintigraphy (SRS) 11 out of 19 @entity5 . Endoscopic ultrasound detected 11 out of 14 NPTs. @entity1 without surgery: In 4 out of 9 @entity1 , no NPTs were identified at MDCT. CONCLUSION: Dedicated MDCT of the pancreas can identify many NPTs, including small duodenal and @entity5 , and the detection rate is better than reported in the older literature on CT.

title: Multidetector computed tomography and neuroendocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diagnosis of neuroendocrine pancreaticoduodenal tumors', 'periduodenal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pancreaticoduodenal tumors']


abstract: To develop a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determining the concentration of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ), @entity4524 was hydrolyzed in the strong alkali solution of water mixed with @entity5723 . The concentration of @entity4524 can be indirectly analyzed by the fluorescence signal of its alkaline hydrolysis product which can be enhanced by the microwave method. The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of the alkaline hydrolysis product of @entity1022 were 380 and 496 nm, respectively. The linear range of the calibration curve was 0. 1-10 micromol x L(-1) with r=0. 9991. The limit of detection was 0. 05 micromol x L(-1) , which was twenty times lower than before. A rapid, highly sensitive and accurate method was thus established. It can be used as a quantitative method for detecting @entity4524 .

title: [Rapid determination of XXXX using microwave assisted alkaline hydrolysis and spectrofluorometric analysis].

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropanol']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['tetrodotoxin']


abstract: Although well established as a marker of mesothelial cells, calretinin is also expressed in several other tissue types, including adipose tissue. Accordingly, immunohistochemical staining for calretinin has been described in an increasing number of @entity5 other than @entity2615 . A detailed analysis of calretinin expression in lipogenic @entity5 has not yet been reported, however. Given the known expression patterns of calretinin in normal tissues, we predicted that calretinin immunoreactivity would be detected in @entity362 and the various histologic subtypes of @entity1821 , and that this marker might be of use in the differential diagnosis of selected @entity362 . A variety of pleomorphic and small round cell @entity242 were studied for comparison. Calretinin immunoreactivity was detected, at least focally, in all 10 samples of normal adipose tissue and in 22 of 23 @entity362 or @entity362 variants. Staining for calretinin was also positive within the lipogenic component of 28 of 29 @entity1821 variants. Of the 7 dedifferentiated @entity1821 , 3 were focally positive for calretinin. Pleomorphic variants of other @entity242 , including undifferentiated high-grade @entity242 , @entity980 , @entity1822 , and @entity808 also exhibited focal calretinin immunoreactivity in a minority of cases, as did some small round cell @entity242 . These results suggest that calretinin immunoreactivity in normal and neoplastic adipose tissue is more ubiquitous than previously reported and may be a useful, albeit nonspecific marker of lipogenic differentiation. However, its utility in the differential diagnosis of @entity362 appears limited.

title: Calretinin expression in XXXX of adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas', 'fatty tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity1 movement during echocardiography interferes with diagnostic quality, many institutions sedate @entity1 who are unable to cooperate. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of oral @entity4485 for sedation during pediatric transthoracic echocardiography. METHODS: Echocardiography laboratory quality assurance data were recorded for 12 years. Sedation data included adverse events, dosing, and failed sedation. The study population was grouped by age: neonates (<1 month), @entity1 (1-12 months), and young @entity1 (1-4 years). RESULTS: A total of 9796 @entity1 underwent sedation by oral @entity4485 . The overall sedation success rate was 98.7%, and 99% of these @entity1 remained sedated long enough for study. The overall adverse event rate was 0.5%. Second doses, failed sedation, and adverse events were more common in the young @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity4485 is an effective and safe sedative for pediatric transthoracic echocardiography. Because of decreased efficacy and an increased incidence of adverse events, alternative sedation strategies may be beneficial in @entity1 aged 1 to 4 years.

title: The efficacy and safety of oral XXXX sedation in pediatric echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

answer: @entity4485 :: (MESH:D010424,Chemical) :: ['pentobarbital']


abstract: Studies of both @entity1 and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing @entity158 perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced @entity3825 in a visceral hypersensitive @entity35 in previous studies. @entity158 contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating @entity158 affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent @entity3825 assay that combines the @entity14 ( @entity14 )-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity3825 . When @entity14 was paired with a distinct environment context, the @entity35 spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14 days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral @entity158 ( @entity14 -induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non- @entity143 receptor antagonist CNQX or @entity143 receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400 mM produced about 70% inhibition of @entity14 -CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the "aversiveness" of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.

title: Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of XXXX memory in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain behaviors', 'pain']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: Studies of both @entity1 and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing @entity158 perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced @entity3825 in a visceral hypersensitive @entity35 in previous studies. @entity158 contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating @entity158 affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent @entity3825 assay that combines the @entity14 ( @entity14 )-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity3825 . When @entity14 was paired with a distinct environment context, the @entity35 spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14 days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral @entity158 ( @entity14 -induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non- @entity143 receptor antagonist CNQX or @entity143 receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400 mM produced about 70% inhibition of @entity14 -CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the "aversiveness" of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.

title: Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of @entity3825 memory in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity1735 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity369 on @entity413 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity413 ( @entity435 trial), 1 g/kg @entity413 + 0.1 g/kg @entity534 + 0.1 g/kg @entity18200 ( @entity435 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity413 and insulin, and lower @entity653 and non-esterified @entity844 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity1735 with or without @entity18200 and @entity369 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity18200 and @entity369 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of @entity1735 , branched-chain XXXX , and @entity369 in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity1735 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity369 on @entity413 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity413 ( @entity435 trial), 1 g/kg @entity413 + 0.1 g/kg @entity534 + 0.1 g/kg @entity18200 ( @entity435 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity413 and insulin, and lower @entity653 and non-esterified @entity844 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity1735 with or without @entity18200 and @entity369 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity18200 and @entity369 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of XXXX , branched-chain @entity1522 , and @entity369 in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity1735 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity369 on @entity413 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity413 ( @entity435 trial), 1 g/kg @entity413 + 0.1 g/kg @entity534 + 0.1 g/kg @entity18200 ( @entity435 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity413 and insulin, and lower @entity653 and non-esterified @entity844 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity1735 with or without @entity18200 and @entity369 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity18200 and @entity369 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of @entity1735 , branched-chain @entity1522 , and XXXX in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic imaging provides insight into aortic shape changes throughout the cardiac cycle. These changes may be important for proximal aortic stent graft fixation, sealing and durability. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of different types of stent grafts on dynamic changes of the @entity439 neck. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative electrocardiography (ECG)-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans were obtained in 30 @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) @entity1 , 10 each from three different types of stent grafts (10 Talent, Endurant, and Excluder). Each dynamic CTA dataset consisted of eight reconstructed images over the cardiac cycle. Aortic area and radius changes during the cardiac cycle were determined at two levels: (A) 3 cm above and (B) 1 cm below the lowermost renal artery. Radius changes were measured over 360 axes, and plotted in a polar plot. An @entity7085 was fitted over the plots to determine radius changes over the major and minor axis for assessment of the asymmetric aspect and most prominent direction of distension. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Preoperatively, the aortic area increased significantly (p < 0.001) over the cardiac cycle in all @entity1 at both levels: (A) mean increase 8.3 +/- 4.1% (2.0-17.3%); (B) mean increase 5.9 +/- 4.2% (1.9-12.4%). The postoperative aortic area increase over the cardiac cycle did not differ significantly from preoperative increases: (A) mean increase 9.9 +/- 2.2% (4.4-20.0%); (B) mean increase 7.7 +/- 2.4% (3.8-12.4%). The difference between radius change over the major and minor axis was significant both pre- and postoperatively for all three stent grafts, indicating asymmetric distension. Suprarenal, the distension showed a tendency to right-anterior and infrarenal to left-anterior. The distension and direction of the aortic expansion was preserved after stent grafting. There were no differences between the three types of stent grafts regarding their impact on the aortic distension or direction of this distension. CONCLUSION: The aorta expands significantly and asymmetrically throughout the cardiac cycle. After implantation of abdominal aortic stent grafts, the aortic distension and direction of distension remain equally preserved in all three groups. The three stent graft types studied seem to be able to adapt to the asymmetric dynamic aortic shape changes.

title: The influence of different types of stent grafts on XXXX neck dynamics after @entity439 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic imaging provides insight into aortic shape changes throughout the cardiac cycle. These changes may be important for proximal aortic stent graft fixation, sealing and durability. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of different types of stent grafts on dynamic changes of the @entity439 neck. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative electrocardiography (ECG)-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans were obtained in 30 @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) @entity1 , 10 each from three different types of stent grafts (10 Talent, Endurant, and Excluder). Each dynamic CTA dataset consisted of eight reconstructed images over the cardiac cycle. Aortic area and radius changes during the cardiac cycle were determined at two levels: (A) 3 cm above and (B) 1 cm below the lowermost renal artery. Radius changes were measured over 360 axes, and plotted in a polar plot. An @entity7085 was fitted over the plots to determine radius changes over the major and minor axis for assessment of the asymmetric aspect and most prominent direction of distension. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Preoperatively, the aortic area increased significantly (p < 0.001) over the cardiac cycle in all @entity1 at both levels: (A) mean increase 8.3 +/- 4.1% (2.0-17.3%); (B) mean increase 5.9 +/- 4.2% (1.9-12.4%). The postoperative aortic area increase over the cardiac cycle did not differ significantly from preoperative increases: (A) mean increase 9.9 +/- 2.2% (4.4-20.0%); (B) mean increase 7.7 +/- 2.4% (3.8-12.4%). The difference between radius change over the major and minor axis was significant both pre- and postoperatively for all three stent grafts, indicating asymmetric distension. Suprarenal, the distension showed a tendency to right-anterior and infrarenal to left-anterior. The distension and direction of the aortic expansion was preserved after stent grafting. There were no differences between the three types of stent grafts regarding their impact on the aortic distension or direction of this distension. CONCLUSION: The aorta expands significantly and asymmetrically throughout the cardiac cycle. After implantation of abdominal aortic stent grafts, the aortic distension and direction of distension remain equally preserved in all three groups. The three stent graft types studied seem to be able to adapt to the asymmetric dynamic aortic shape changes.

title: The influence of different types of stent grafts on @entity439 neck dynamics after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']