abstract: Hazard analysis of food preparation practices were conducted in four households and eleven others were visited to survey both food preparation practices and environmental conditions. Households selected had members who were suffering from either @entity294 of unknown etiology or @entity1682 . Hazard analyses and sanitary surveys included gathering data on time-temperature exposures of foods, collecting samples of food and drinking water, sampling sewage or drains, and obtaining stool specimens from @entity1 with @entity294 and from family controls. Food samples were tested for aerobic mesophilic colony counts and common foodborne pathogens; specimens were tested for @entity5746 , Shigella, Campylobacter and @entity2550 . Campylobacter was isolated from two @entity1 purported to have @entity294 , but neither @entity5746 , Shigella nor @entity2550 were recovered from alleged cases or controls. @entity5746 agona was recovered from a latrine. Most foods were cooked to internal temperatures to or near to boiling. Those not promptly eaten were held at ambient room or outside temperatures until a subsequent meal, until a family member returned home, or until lunch time when taken to the fields. During these intervals, microorganisms multiplied and mesophilic aerobic organisms increased often reaching 10(8)/g or greater before consumption. None of these foods were reheated before eating. @entity5259 was isolated from 4 of 10 samples; one sample of 'moro' (beans and @entity579 ) exceeded 10(6)/g, two other samples exceeded 10(3)/g. @entity794 was isolated from 7 of 14 samples, one exceeded 10(5)/g. Fecal coliforms were isolated from 8 of 14 food samples, five exceeded 10(5)/g. Neither @entity5746 nor Shigella were isolated from any food, the community water supplies or from vessels of water within houses. Fecal coliform counts of water were less than 3/ml, except one sample from a clay vessel (9/ml). Risks associated with cooked foods which were not promptly eaten appeared to be greater than that associated with water.

title: Critical control points for foods prepared in households whose members had either @entity1682 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['alleged typhoid fever']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Hazard analysis of food preparation practices were conducted in four households and eleven others were visited to survey both food preparation practices and environmental conditions. Households selected had members who were suffering from either @entity294 of unknown etiology or @entity1682 . Hazard analyses and sanitary surveys included gathering data on time-temperature exposures of foods, collecting samples of food and drinking water, sampling sewage or drains, and obtaining stool specimens from @entity1 with @entity294 and from family controls. Food samples were tested for aerobic mesophilic colony counts and common foodborne pathogens; specimens were tested for @entity5746 , Shigella, Campylobacter and @entity2550 . Campylobacter was isolated from two @entity1 purported to have @entity294 , but neither @entity5746 , Shigella nor @entity2550 were recovered from alleged cases or controls. @entity5746 agona was recovered from a latrine. Most foods were cooked to internal temperatures to or near to boiling. Those not promptly eaten were held at ambient room or outside temperatures until a subsequent meal, until a family member returned home, or until lunch time when taken to the fields. During these intervals, microorganisms multiplied and mesophilic aerobic organisms increased often reaching 10(8)/g or greater before consumption. None of these foods were reheated before eating. @entity5259 was isolated from 4 of 10 samples; one sample of 'moro' (beans and @entity579 ) exceeded 10(6)/g, two other samples exceeded 10(3)/g. @entity794 was isolated from 7 of 14 samples, one exceeded 10(5)/g. Fecal coliforms were isolated from 8 of 14 food samples, five exceeded 10(5)/g. Neither @entity5746 nor Shigella were isolated from any food, the community water supplies or from vessels of water within houses. Fecal coliform counts of water were less than 3/ml, except one sample from a clay vessel (9/ml). Risks associated with cooked foods which were not promptly eaten appeared to be greater than that associated with water.

title: Critical control points for foods prepared in households whose members had either XXXX or @entity294 .

answer: @entity1682 :: (MESH:D014435,Disease) :: ['alleged typhoid fever']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress and @entity32 are some of the contributing factors for @entity179 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Though Valeriana wallichii D.C. is known for its nervine activities its effect against @entity191 is yet to be studied. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of V. wallichii rhizome extract (VWE) in @entity5212 induced @entity191 @entity19 . GC-MS analysis of VWE indicated the presence of phytoconstituents like @entity27014 and @entity15475 . @entity191 induced @entity19 were treated orally with three different doses (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight (BW)) of VWE for 14 days and their behavioural changes were studied on days 0, 8, 13 and 21. The levels of striatal @entity935 , mid brain @entity4149 hydroxylase positive (TH(+)) cell count, TH protein expression, reactive @entity26 species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines were analysed. Mid brain @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Also mid brain histopathological analysis was performed. VWE treatment significantly recuperated the altered behavioural test scores, striatal @entity935 levels, mid brain TH(+) cell count and TH protein levels, increased @entity9327 expression and the histopathological changes observed in @entity191 @entity19 . Similarly, diminished levels of antioxidants, elevated levels of ROS, LPO and inflammatory cytokines were also significantly ameliorated following VWE treatment. The effective dose of VWE was found to be 200mg/kg BW. Conclusively, V. wallichii rhizome extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and @entity16 in @entity191 .

title: Neuroprotective effect of Valeriana wallichii rhizome extract against the neurotoxin XXXX in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory damage']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity27014 :: ('MESH:C008216', 'Chemical') :: ['isovaleric acid']

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['MPTP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress and @entity32 are some of the contributing factors for @entity179 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Though Valeriana wallichii D.C. is known for its nervine activities its effect against @entity191 is yet to be studied. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of V. wallichii rhizome extract (VWE) in @entity5212 induced @entity191 @entity19 . GC-MS analysis of VWE indicated the presence of phytoconstituents like @entity27014 and @entity15475 . @entity191 induced @entity19 were treated orally with three different doses (50, 100 and 200mg/kg body weight (BW)) of VWE for 14 days and their behavioural changes were studied on days 0, 8, 13 and 21. The levels of striatal @entity935 , mid brain @entity4149 hydroxylase positive (TH(+)) cell count, TH protein expression, reactive @entity26 species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines were analysed. Mid brain @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ) expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Also mid brain histopathological analysis was performed. VWE treatment significantly recuperated the altered behavioural test scores, striatal @entity935 levels, mid brain TH(+) cell count and TH protein levels, increased @entity9327 expression and the histopathological changes observed in @entity191 @entity19 . Similarly, diminished levels of antioxidants, elevated levels of ROS, LPO and inflammatory cytokines were also significantly ameliorated following VWE treatment. The effective dose of VWE was found to be 200mg/kg BW. Conclusively, V. wallichii rhizome extract has the potential to mitigate oxidative stress and @entity16 in @entity191 .

title: Neuroprotective effect of Valeriana wallichii rhizome extract against the neurotoxin @entity5212 in C57BL/6 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence is accumulating that @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) might become an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of high-grade @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ). Evaluating the efficacy of this novel technique in single institutions in addition to performing further large trials can help to guide optimal @entity1 management in everyday practice. METHODS: In this study we compared the early outcome of 100 prospectively followed @entity1 who underwent @entity3538 with a retrospectively reviewed group of 142 @entity1 that underwent CEA over the same time period. Only @entity1 who had received pre- and postsurgical evaluations by a neurologist were included. According to the criteria set forth by the large trials the occurrence of minor or major @entity64 , @entity583 and @entity204 within 30 days was analysed. RESULTS: Both groups had similar age and sex distributions, as well as cerebrovascular risk factors. In the group of @entity3538 @entity1 63 (63%) and in the group of CEA @entity1 92 (65%) had a symptomatic @entity543 , respectively. For symptomatic @entity1 the overall complication rate (any @entity64 or @entity204 ) was 6.5% (3 minor and 3 major @entity64 ) in the surgical and 8% (2 minor @entity64 , 2 major @entity64 , and 1 @entity204 ) in the non-surgical group (n.s.). For asymptomatic @entity1 there was one minor @entity64 (2%) in the surgical and no @entity64 or @entity204 in the non-surgical group. As a frequent @entity16 the post-procedural course was complicated by groin @entity1410 requiring surgery in 3 @entity3538 @entity1 , and neck @entity1410 requiring additional surgery in 3 CEA @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Within our academic institution we found comparable complication rates for @entity3538 and CEA in @entity1 with symptomatic or asymptomatic high-grade @entity2998 . Although these early results are promising and support the notion that @entity3538 may become an alternative treatment option for @entity2998 in everyday practice, the long-term efficacy of @entity3538 has to be evaluated critically by means of further prospective studies.

title: Early outcome of XXXX versus carotid endarterectomy in a single academic center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid angioplasty and stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['carotid angioplasty and stenting']


abstract: From 1967 through 1985, 400 cadaveric transplants were performed at @entity1 Hospital of Los Angeles. Of these 400, 31 were later identified as having @entity2791 . No live related graft developed RAS. Of the 31 grafts, 11 were from donors less than 2 years of age. The major feature suggesting @entity850 was @entity101 ; either persistent or a sudden exacerbation often associated with hypertensive @entity75 . In individuals with @entity101 without obvious cause, renal angiography should be promptly conducted under controlled conditions to avoid complications. The stenotic lesion involved 13 end-to-end and 19 end-to-side arterial anastomoses. Surgery for revascularization of RAS was performed in 21 of 31 with success or improvement in 14, no change in 2, and graft loss in 5. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 4. Two were unsuccessful, 1 was successful and 1 graft was lost. The 7 remaining @entity1 were treated medically.

title: XXXX in pediatric transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Renal artery stenosis']


abstract: Late symptoms of infantile @entity8518 were evaluated in 19 @entity1 aged 15-26 years who had a high graft survival following kidney transplantation. The end-stage cystinotic kidney was responsible for renal @entity101 in 5 @entity1 following grafts. Photophobia did not increase in relation to age, but 3 @entity1 became blind and 1 lost the sight in one eye at 25 years of age. Two @entity1 developed clinical symptoms of @entity1375 , and 15 other @entity1 had a @entity1375 . Four @entity1 developed permanent @entity1723 and 2 developed @entity1723 after transplantation. The oral @entity413 tolerance test was abnormal in 11 of 14 @entity1 on low-dose @entity229 . @entity382 was noted in 10 cases, but only 3 @entity1 developed clinical symptoms of portal @entity101 . Symptoms of @entity6118 were observed in 6 cases leading to splenectomy. Repeat gross @entity1415 was observed in 7 of the @entity1 when on dialysis and persisted after transplantation in 1 @entity1 , who died from @entity1415 . A particular @entity75 developed in 2 @entity1 at the ages of 17 and 24, characterized by speech difficulties, @entity1109 and @entity129 ; one died at the age of 21. The mean adult height of these @entity1 was 136.5 cm in males and 124 cm in females, and their psychosocial adjustment was related to the extra-renal complications of @entity8518 rather than to the renal status.

title: Late symptoms in infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'compensated hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis', 'nasal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['transient insulin-dependent diabetes', 'insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['Liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['cystinosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in the incidence of @entity992 (chickenpox) has increased since the discovery of an effective vaccine, but calculations to date have incorrectedly ignored the question of susceptibility. METHODS: We studied the occurrence of @entity992 in Italy on the basis of 33,343 @entity1 (age 0-14 years) cared for by 35 pediatricians between 1 October 1997 and 30 September 1998. The life-table technique was used to calculate the number of susceptible @entity1 . On this basis, we estimated the corrected age-specific and cumulative incidence. RESULTS: We identified 1749 cases among the estimated 21,783 susceptible @entity1 , for a crude incidence of 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.7-8.4). The rate age-standardized to the Italian population 0-14 years old was 6.8 (CI = 6.5-7.2). The incidence was more than 16% among @entity1 age 3-4 years and more than 4% for those age 1-10 years. Comparison of the usual method and our corrected method showed that the uncorrected method underestimates the crude annual incidence (5.2% 8.0%), shifts the peak incidence to earlier ages, and underestimates cumulative incidence (at age 14, 49% 67%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our corrected method provides more valid estimates of the incidence of @entity992 than the ones that are currently available. Corrected estimates should be preferred to uncorrected ones in models to study the cost-effectiveness of universal vaccination against @entity992 .

title: The incidence of XXXX : correction of a common error.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['varicella']

answer: @entity992 :: (MESH:D002644,Disease) :: ['varicella']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The periphery T and B lymphocytes are most important immune cells in a body. Analysis for the gene expression profiles of the immune cells will contribute to the understanding of the biological essence of immune suppression. The advanced technique of DNA microarray make it possible to monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in one hybridization experiment until recently. In this paper, the authors investigated the genes differentially expression in periphery lymphocytes between the @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) and health donors to explore the features of gene expression in immune cells of @entity11408 @entity1 . METHODS: The BioDoor10s/D chips containing 2000 spots of cDNAs were used to investigate the difference of the expression. Both the mRNAs from periphery lymphocytes of @entity11408 @entity1 (2 x 10(8)) and health donors(2 x 10(8)) were reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent(cy5 and cy3) labeled @entity1977 to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor10s/D chips were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. The differentially expressed genes were screened. RESULTS: The total of 62 genes has differentially expression in @entity11408 periphery lymphocytes. The number of over- and lower-expressed genes were 5 and 57, respectively. There were 3 genes coding for signal transductive proteins in 5 over-expressed genes. Five genes coding for signal transductive proteins were involved in 9 genes with lowest-expression (cy5/cy3 > or = 0.3). CONCLUSION: There was the consistent tendency toward lower-expressed gene in periphery lymphocytes from the @entity1 with @entity11408 . The disorder in signal transductive function of lymphocytes may be a factor distinguishing @entity11408 immunity from the health one. Improvement of gene expressing profil may also be a way to enhance immune function in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of gene expression patterns of periphery lymphocytes in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The periphery T and B lymphocytes are most important immune cells in a body. Analysis for the gene expression profiles of the immune cells will contribute to the understanding of the biological essence of immune suppression. The advanced technique of DNA microarray make it possible to monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in one hybridization experiment until recently. In this paper, the authors investigated the genes differentially expression in periphery lymphocytes between the @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity11408 ) and health donors to explore the features of gene expression in immune cells of @entity11408 @entity1 . METHODS: The BioDoor10s/D chips containing 2000 spots of cDNAs were used to investigate the difference of the expression. Both the mRNAs from periphery lymphocytes of @entity11408 @entity1 (2 x 10(8)) and health donors(2 x 10(8)) were reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent(cy5 and cy3) labeled @entity1977 to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor10s/D chips were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. The differentially expressed genes were screened. RESULTS: The total of 62 genes has differentially expression in @entity11408 periphery lymphocytes. The number of over- and lower-expressed genes were 5 and 57, respectively. There were 3 genes coding for signal transductive proteins in 5 over-expressed genes. Five genes coding for signal transductive proteins were involved in 9 genes with lowest-expression (cy5/cy3 > or = 0.3). CONCLUSION: There was the consistent tendency toward lower-expressed gene in periphery lymphocytes from the @entity1 with @entity11408 . The disorder in signal transductive function of lymphocytes may be a factor distinguishing @entity11408 immunity from the health one. Improvement of gene expressing profil may also be a way to enhance immune function in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of gene expression patterns of periphery lymphocytes in XXXX with @entity189 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is unclear to what extent law enforcement officers (LEOs) experience increased prevalence of @entity65 (CVD; defined as @entity301 , @entity583 , @entity951 , or @entity64 ) and, if so, whether perceived stress affects this relationship. First, self-reported CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from 9 states (n = 2818) were compared to CVD risk factors among similarly-aged males with similar incomes in the same states (n = 8046). Second, CVD prevalence was compared among LEOs (n = 1791) and similarly-aged males with similar incomes (n = 2575) from four of these states. Finally, among the LEOs only, the possible effect of perceived stress on the relationship between CVD prevalence and CVD risk factors was assessed. LEOs reported higher prevalence of @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity286 use, and elevated body mass index. CVD prevalence did not differ significantly between the LEO group and the general population (2.3% +/- 15% versus 3.1% +/- 17%; P = 0.095). In the LEO-only group, the best predictors of CVD were: time in the profession (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03-1.11), perceived stress (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.00-1.10), and @entity101 (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.18-0.62). In the LEO-only group, perceived stress was associated with CVD (P = 0.008), and three CVD risk factors were significantly affected by perceived stress: @entity165 , @entity101 , and physical activity. Perceived stress was affected by duration of time in the profession (P = 0.004), independent of an age effect (P = 0.353). Among susceptible officers, perceived stress may contribute to CVD directly and through potentiating several CVD risk factors.

title: Relationship between XXXX morbidity, risk factors, and stress in a law enforcement cohort.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The role of the immune system in the central nervous system has been elusive. Our original description of Ia bearing cells in the central nervous system was controversial, although it has now been confirmed in a variety of systems in both @entity19 and @entity1 . The function of Ia bearing cells is however still unclear. Recently, others have shown that astrocytes from @entity35 with EAE could present @entity8382 to T cell clones; however, no other antigens were tested. We have used the culture systems of McCarthy and DeVellis to produce purified cultures of astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells from newborn @entity19 brains. Newborn brains were chosen since it is impossible to obtain pure cultures of differentiated brain cells from adult @entity19 . Using these cultures, we showed that astrocyte, but not oligodendrocyte cultures treated with ConA supernatants or recombinant @entity60 are able to present antigen to appropriate but not inappropriate T cell hybrids. Untreated cells of either the astrocyte or oligodendroglial cell populations were ineffective at antigen presentation. Concomitant with this increase in antigen presenting ability, follows an increase in both the number and density of MHC class I and class II antigens. Antigen presentation was inhibited by appropriate but not inappropriate anti Ia monoclonal antibodies. Anti class I antibodies were ineffective. Depletion experiments showed that both I-A and I-E molecules are expressed on the antigen presenting cells. Thus, we have been able to show that Ia+ cells derived from pure cultures of astrocytes are able, after induction with @entity60 , to present antigen to T cell hybrids. This suggests a possible physiologic role of Ia bearing cells in CNS in initiation of immune responses.

title: Induction of antigen presentation ability in purified cultures of astroglia by XXXX .

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retrospective evaluation of long term results after direct suture repair of chronic @entity439 of the aortic isthmus. METHODS: From March 1979 to June 1998, a total of 19 @entity1 with chronic @entity439 of the aortic isthmus were operated on, among whom 12 (63%) underwent direct suture. These 12 @entity1 (age ranging from 19 to 68 years; mean 34.2 years) constitute the subject of this study. All but one suffered traffic accidents. Mean delay between @entity130 and surgery was 4 years (range 3 months to 12 years). All @entity1 underwent a left posterolateral thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space. Extracorporeal circulation for spinal cord protection was installed in six @entity1 (five ilio-iliac shunts, one atrio-iliac shunt). @entity1755 was partial in five and circumferential in seven @entity1 . The mean clamping time was 25 min. The absence of loss of aortic substance and a careful mobilization of the aorta made the repair by direct suture easier; this technique could thus be achieved in 63.2% of all 19 @entity1 operated on of chronic @entity439 within the same period. RESULTS: There was no in-hospital death and no postoperative @entity451 . With a median follow-up of 15 years 3 months (ranging from 22 to 10 years), there were no late complications. Chest X-ray was normal in all @entity1 ; eight of them underwent a control angiography between 18 and 72 postoperative months; all these angiographies but one (20% stenosis without gradient) demonstrated a normal appearance of aortic isthmus. CONCLUSION: Direct suture for repair of chronic @entity439 is a safe procedure: long-term outcome was excellent and the complications observed with prosthetic grafts or with aortic endoprosthetic stent-grafts were avoided.

title: Surgery of chronic XXXX of the aortic isthmus: benefit of direct suture.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic aneurysm', 'traumatic thoracic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['traumatic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Internal thoracic artery (ITA) flow competition is a diversion of graft flow through intact ITA branches with a net decrease in perfusion to the grafted coronary. Although a widely acknowledged phenomenon, the conditions under which flow competition occurs have not been established. This is examined in a @entity235 H-graft model. METHODS: Eight @entity235 had a right ITA segment interposed (H-graft) between their in situ left ITA (LITA) and the snared left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Proximal LITA and H-graft flows were measured at baseline and during pacing-induced @entity591 , @entity2647 -induced @entity101 , and @entity1854 -induced @entity551 . Flows were measured with the distal LITA open and occluded. Two additional animals were subjected to eight separate 2-min periods of @entity63 , after which post- @entity63 H-graft flow measurements were obtained with and without distal LIMA occlusion. RESULTS: During baseline conditions, proximal LITA flow was greater when the distal LITA was open rather than occluded (46+/-15 versus 35+/-12 ml/min, respectively; P=0.002), but H-graft flow did not change significantly (32+/-18 versus 35+/-18 ml/min, respectively; P=0.21). Similarly, occlusion of the distal LITA had no impact on H-graft flow during @entity591 , @entity101 , or @entity551 . Only in animals subjected to transient @entity63 did H-graft flow increase with distal LITA occlusion, albeit marginally (65+/-7-70+/-9 ml/min, occluded versus open, respectively; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Mild diversion of flow from the LAD was demonstrated during immediate post- @entity63 coronary reperfusion only, and could not be elicited under any other physiologic condition. These data suggest that flow competition is unlikely to constitute a clinically significant limitation to the use of @entity8108 -grafts or other modalities that leave ITA branches patent.

title: Internal thoracic artery flow competition: studies in a XXXX H-graft model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'LAD ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postoperative wound @entity281 generally cause considerable extra morbidity, mortality and costs. As nowadays length of hospitalization shortens, post-discharge surveillance is important to get reliable information on the prevalence of @entity6081 . In this study, the prevalences of sternal wound (SWI) and donor site @entity281 (DSI) during hospitalization as well as, 30 and 90 days after cardiac surgery were studied paying special attention to the contribution of post-discharge surveillance. METHODS: A total of 1885 @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery were included in the study and were followed for the prevalence of SWI or DSI up to 90 days postoperatively. Infection data during hospitalization were collected using medical records, bacteriological results and systematic observations of infection control nurses. After discharge from the hospital, data were collected with the help of the out- @entity1 clinic and the family physician. RESULTS: After cardiac surgery, SWI and DSI were diagnosed in 4.7 and 1.5% of @entity1 during hospitalization, in 6.8 and 4.6% at 30 days postoperatively, and in 9.0 and 7.3% of @entity1 at 90 days postoperatively. Of the 90-days postoperative @entity281 rates almost half of SWI and 80% of DSI were diagnosed post-discharge, a result predominantly achieved by the active participation of the family physicians. CONCLUSIONS: After 30 and 90 days follow-up of @entity1 after cardiac surgery, additional sternal wound and donor site @entity281 were diagnosed compared with the in-hospital infection rate. Post-discharge surveillance is essential for a reliable assessment of surgical wound @entity281 .

title: Prevalence of 90-days XXXX after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

answer: @entity6081 :: (MESH:D013530,Disease) :: ['postoperative wound infections']


abstract: Fifty ml of a 0.2% @entity1496 solution were instilled into the uteri of six mares selected for culling. Biopsy specimens were taken for microscopic examination before the commencement of the experiment and at various times over the course of a year after the single instillation. Severe @entity4 and @entity548 was present in the lamina propria of all the post-instillation biopsy specimens. The epithelium showed vacuolisation and @entity39 , as well as focal areas of epithelial loss. In some cases @entity1373 or @entity4648 was seen. Cell infiltration was characterized by the presence of neutrophils, eosinophils and mild lymphocyte infiltration around the blood vessels. @entity6922 was present around the blood vessels in some specimens. Blood vessel changes were characterized in the early stages by @entity4 of the tunica media of the medium-sized arteries and later by @entity4288 with the complete obliteration of the lumen of the particular vessels in some cases. The endometrial glands showed @entity1373 and mitotic figures were more often seen in these glands than normal. The most pronounced lesion in the later stage of the experiment was @entity82 of the lamina propria with the resultant collapse of the stratum compactum and contraction of the stratum spongiosum. The severe @entity82 of the endometrium is the most probable reason for infertility in mares treated with @entity1496 .

title: [The detrimental effect of XXXX as an intra-uterine instillation in mares].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6922 :: ('MESH:D018921', 'Disease') :: ['Leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Important prognostic factors for @entity1204 include histologic differentiation, depth of @entity3 , and clinical stage. Deep myometrial penetration is more commonly observed with poorly differentiated @entity189 , but it is unknown if these @entity5 are poorly differentiated de novo, or if selection toward more aggressive, less differentiated cells occurs during invasion. To study this question, we performed a morphometric analysis to quantitate the amount of glandular differentiation in superficial portions of 22 @entity1204 for comparison with deep portions of the same @entity5 . Point counting of randomly selected fields was performed on histologic sections of hysterectomy specimens of 22 @entity1 with stage I @entity1204 . The components enumerated were @entity5 cells participating in gland formation ( @entity6684 ), non-gland-forming @entity5 cells (UI), @entity5 gland lumens (LUM), inflammatory cells (IC), and stroma (endometrium or myometrium) (ST). Slides of @entity5 were divided into superficial, middle, and deep thirds. No statistically significant differences were seen between superficial and deep thirds (UI: 45% vs. 43%; @entity6684 : 33% vs. 32%; LUM: 22% vs. 24%; IC: 3% vs. 3% of points counted, p greater than .1, paired t-test). The density of @entity5 cells relative to stroma was greater in the superficial region (55% vs. 41%, p less than .001, paired t-test). Additionally, field-to-field heterogeneity was examined by four methods. No relationship between increased heterogeneity and poor prognosis was identified. These findings do not support the concept that invasion by @entity1204 is accompanied by @entity1821 .

title: Morphometric analysis of @entity1204 : 1. Does XXXX accompany deep invasion by @entity1204 ?

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['architectural dedifferentiation']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['architectural dedifferentiation']


abstract: Important prognostic factors for @entity1204 include histologic differentiation, depth of @entity3 , and clinical stage. Deep myometrial penetration is more commonly observed with poorly differentiated @entity189 , but it is unknown if these @entity5 are poorly differentiated de novo, or if selection toward more aggressive, less differentiated cells occurs during invasion. To study this question, we performed a morphometric analysis to quantitate the amount of glandular differentiation in superficial portions of 22 @entity1204 for comparison with deep portions of the same @entity5 . Point counting of randomly selected fields was performed on histologic sections of hysterectomy specimens of 22 @entity1 with stage I @entity1204 . The components enumerated were @entity5 cells participating in gland formation ( @entity6684 ), non-gland-forming @entity5 cells (UI), @entity5 gland lumens (LUM), inflammatory cells (IC), and stroma (endometrium or myometrium) (ST). Slides of @entity5 were divided into superficial, middle, and deep thirds. No statistically significant differences were seen between superficial and deep thirds (UI: 45% vs. 43%; @entity6684 : 33% vs. 32%; LUM: 22% vs. 24%; IC: 3% vs. 3% of points counted, p greater than .1, paired t-test). The density of @entity5 cells relative to stroma was greater in the superficial region (55% vs. 41%, p less than .001, paired t-test). Additionally, field-to-field heterogeneity was examined by four methods. No relationship between increased heterogeneity and poor prognosis was identified. These findings do not support the concept that invasion by @entity1204 is accompanied by @entity1821 .

title: Morphometric analysis of XXXX : 1. Does @entity1821 accompany deep invasion by @entity1204 ?

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Important prognostic factors for @entity1204 include histologic differentiation, depth of @entity3 , and clinical stage. Deep myometrial penetration is more commonly observed with poorly differentiated @entity189 , but it is unknown if these @entity5 are poorly differentiated de novo, or if selection toward more aggressive, less differentiated cells occurs during invasion. To study this question, we performed a morphometric analysis to quantitate the amount of glandular differentiation in superficial portions of 22 @entity1204 for comparison with deep portions of the same @entity5 . Point counting of randomly selected fields was performed on histologic sections of hysterectomy specimens of 22 @entity1 with stage I @entity1204 . The components enumerated were @entity5 cells participating in gland formation ( @entity6684 ), non-gland-forming @entity5 cells (UI), @entity5 gland lumens (LUM), inflammatory cells (IC), and stroma (endometrium or myometrium) (ST). Slides of @entity5 were divided into superficial, middle, and deep thirds. No statistically significant differences were seen between superficial and deep thirds (UI: 45% vs. 43%; @entity6684 : 33% vs. 32%; LUM: 22% vs. 24%; IC: 3% vs. 3% of points counted, p greater than .1, paired t-test). The density of @entity5 cells relative to stroma was greater in the superficial region (55% vs. 41%, p less than .001, paired t-test). Additionally, field-to-field heterogeneity was examined by four methods. No relationship between increased heterogeneity and poor prognosis was identified. These findings do not support the concept that invasion by @entity1204 is accompanied by @entity1821 .

title: Morphometric analysis of @entity1204 : 1. Does @entity1821 accompany deep invasion by XXXX ?

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective study was conducted to review the surgical results among 24 @entity1 with @entity4094 , who were treated with spinal instrumentation and fusion at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore between March 1993 and December 1998. METHODS: We examined complete hospital records of @entity1 who had @entity1635 due to aetiologies such as @entity2057 , @entity306 , @entity1555 , and @entity121 . The mean age of @entity1 was 10.6 years (range, 6-14 years) and the mean follow-up duration was 5.5 years. RESULTS: 18 @entity1 had posterior surgery alone, whereas 4 had an anterior release with posterior instrumentation, and 2 had an anterior fusion with instrumentation. The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 2 days and the mean duration of hospital stay was 11 days. The mean correction in @entity1635 angle ranged from 75.6 degrees to 25.7 degrees. All @entity1 could at least sit without support postoperatively. The one-second forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity were, in general, maintained throughout the follow-up. There were 2 major complications and 2 minor ones; these were @entity1516 with rod breakage requiring revision, deep @entity281 necessitating hardware removal, superficial @entity281 that responded to antibiotics, and @entity293 requiring 3 weeks of antibiotic treatment. There were no deaths or any @entity16 after instrumentation. CONCLUSION: Spinal stabilisation and fusion in @entity1 with @entity4094 is a safe and effective treatment modality. The effect of surgery on long-term pulmonary function, however, remains controversial and needs to be addressed.

title: Spinal fusion and instrumentation for XXXX : retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myopathies']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['paediatric neuromuscular scoliosis']


abstract: @entity33767 ) to assess effect of coronary lesion morphology on changes of grafts during first year after surgery; 2) to study the state of native coronary vascular bed during first year after surgery; 3) to elucidate special features of @entity731 in grafts and coronary arteries in remote period after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred eighty seven @entity1 with 3-vessel @entity453 subjected to aorto-coronary or mammary-coronary grafting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Proportions of closed venous grafts were 24,2% among grafts to arteries with 50-75% stenoses, 13.1% among grafts to occluded arteries (p=0.023), and 20.1% among grafts to arteries with 75-99% stenoses. Among venous grafts to arteries with lumen diameter <1.5 mm 30.4% were occluded what was significantly more than among grafts to vessels with 1.5-2.5 mm (15.5%, p=0.003) and >2.5 mm (14.5%, p=0.004) diameter. Morphological risk factors of venous graft closure in immediate postoperative period were 50-75% @entity850 and lumen diameter <1.5 mm. All mammary-coronary anastomoses were patent in 1 year, 99% of them remained patent 5 years after surgery. No relationship was found between patency of venous grafts after 5 years of follow-up and morphological characteristics (lumen diameter and percent @entity850 ) of bypassed arteries. During first year there was no significant differences between @entity1 with patent and occluded grafts both in incidences of novel @entity731 (10.4 and 10.3%, respectively, p=0.943) and proportion of closures of initially stenotic arteries (9.6 and 10.3%, respectively, p=0.085). After 5 years novel @entity731 were found in 31.9 and 33.6% of @entity1 with patent and occluded grafts, respectively (p=0.910). Complete occlusions of stenosed vessels proximal to @entity254 occurred more often among @entity1 with patent than with occluded grafts (28.6 and 15.9%, respectively, p=0.047). Thus in remote postoperative period development of @entity731 in proximal segments of arteries with patent grafts was more 'aggressive' than in arteries with occluded grafts.

title: [Changes of autologous coronary vessels and aortocoronary grafts in XXXX with ischemic heart disease after coronary artery bypass grafting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The role of macrophages in the regulation of @entity32 and immunity is, in part, due to their secretory repertoire. Among the important mediators released by macrophages are the products of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of @entity1426 (20:4) metabolism. The principal focus of this paper is the mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulate 20:4 metabolism in macrophages. LPS has the capacity to prime macrophages for greatly enhanced @entity19 metabolism when the cells are subsequently challenged with a spectrum of triggers. Concomitant with priming, LPS also promotes the covalent attachment of @entity18257 to a set of macrophage proteins. The time and concentration dependence of LPS-induced protein myristoylation is consistent with a role for myristoylation in LPS priming of the 20:4 cascade. One of the myristoylated proteins is a 68K (K = 10(3) Mr) @entity7131 substrate which associates with membranes upon myristoylation. LPS-primed macrophages show greatly increased phosphorylation of the 68K protein when the cells are subsequently treated with @entity7131 activating @entity4996 . It is proposed that the myristoylation of the 68K protein promotes its attachment to the membrane where it is more closely associated with activated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), an association which would ensure more efficient catalysis during the mobilization and oxygenation of 20:4. This paper also examines protein myristoylation during T-cell-mediated activation of macrophages. Immune-activated macrophages have an enhanced capacity to kill several infectious agents by oxidative mechanisms. The lymphokine gamma-interferon ( @entity60 ) rapidly induces the myristoylation of a 48K protein. This 48K protein is also myristoylated in @entity19 macrophages that have been activated in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum, suggesting that it may be an important intermediate in the activation of macrophages for enhanced microbicidal capacity.

title: Protein myristoylation as an intermediate step during signal transduction in macrophages: its role in XXXX metabolism and in responses to @entity60 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity18257 :: ('MESH:D019814', 'Chemical') :: ['myristic acid']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: The role of macrophages in the regulation of @entity32 and immunity is, in part, due to their secretory repertoire. Among the important mediators released by macrophages are the products of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of @entity1426 (20:4) metabolism. The principal focus of this paper is the mechanism by which bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) regulate 20:4 metabolism in macrophages. LPS has the capacity to prime macrophages for greatly enhanced @entity19 metabolism when the cells are subsequently challenged with a spectrum of triggers. Concomitant with priming, LPS also promotes the covalent attachment of @entity18257 to a set of macrophage proteins. The time and concentration dependence of LPS-induced protein myristoylation is consistent with a role for myristoylation in LPS priming of the 20:4 cascade. One of the myristoylated proteins is a 68K (K = 10(3) Mr) @entity7131 substrate which associates with membranes upon myristoylation. LPS-primed macrophages show greatly increased phosphorylation of the 68K protein when the cells are subsequently treated with @entity7131 activating @entity4996 . It is proposed that the myristoylation of the 68K protein promotes its attachment to the membrane where it is more closely associated with activated @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), an association which would ensure more efficient catalysis during the mobilization and oxygenation of 20:4. This paper also examines protein myristoylation during T-cell-mediated activation of macrophages. Immune-activated macrophages have an enhanced capacity to kill several infectious agents by oxidative mechanisms. The lymphokine gamma-interferon ( @entity60 ) rapidly induces the myristoylation of a 48K protein. This 48K protein is also myristoylated in @entity19 macrophages that have been activated in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of Corynebacterium parvum, suggesting that it may be an important intermediate in the activation of macrophages for enhanced microbicidal capacity.

title: Protein myristoylation as an intermediate step during signal transduction in macrophages: its role in @entity1426 metabolism and in responses to XXXX .

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), and @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these @entity1718 on plasma lipids and the @entity844 compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of @entity9984 supplementation together with a constant intake of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 on the @entity1674 -lowering effect of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 alone and on the @entity844 patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting @entity1674 concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 (4:0, @entity8393 + @entity4601 : @entity9984 ; control group), 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 plus 1 g @entity9984 (4:1), 2 g @entity9984 (4:2), or 4 g @entity9984 (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and @entity1718 of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma @entity1674 concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL @entity165 decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. @entity8534 increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total @entity9539 increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 and 2 g @entity9984 favorably altered blood lipid and @entity844 profiles in healthy @entity1 . On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of @entity583 .

title: Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 XXXX and @entity18943 on circulating plasma lipids and @entity844 profiles in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8534 :: ('MESH:D015126', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity18943 :: ('MESH:D017965', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), and @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these @entity1718 on plasma lipids and the @entity844 compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of @entity9984 supplementation together with a constant intake of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 on the @entity1674 -lowering effect of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 alone and on the @entity844 patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting @entity1674 concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 (4:0, @entity8393 + @entity4601 : @entity9984 ; control group), 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 plus 1 g @entity9984 (4:1), 2 g @entity9984 (4:2), or 4 g @entity9984 (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and @entity1718 of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma @entity1674 concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL @entity165 decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. @entity8534 increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total @entity9539 increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 and 2 g @entity9984 favorably altered blood lipid and @entity844 profiles in healthy @entity1 . On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of @entity583 .

title: Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 @entity1718 and @entity18943 on circulating plasma lipids and XXXX profiles in @entity1 .

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), and @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these @entity1718 on plasma lipids and the @entity844 compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of @entity9984 supplementation together with a constant intake of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 on the @entity1674 -lowering effect of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 alone and on the @entity844 patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting @entity1674 concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 (4:0, @entity8393 + @entity4601 : @entity9984 ; control group), 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 plus 1 g @entity9984 (4:1), 2 g @entity9984 (4:2), or 4 g @entity9984 (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and @entity1718 of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma @entity1674 concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL @entity165 decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. @entity8534 increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total @entity9539 increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 and 2 g @entity9984 favorably altered blood lipid and @entity844 profiles in healthy @entity1 . On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of @entity583 .

title: Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 @entity1718 and XXXX on circulating plasma lipids and @entity844 profiles in @entity1 .

answer: @entity18943 :: (MESH:D017965,Chemical) :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), and @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these @entity1718 on plasma lipids and the @entity844 compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of @entity9984 supplementation together with a constant intake of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 on the @entity1674 -lowering effect of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 alone and on the @entity844 patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting @entity1674 concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 (4:0, @entity8393 + @entity4601 : @entity9984 ; control group), 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 plus 1 g @entity9984 (4:1), 2 g @entity9984 (4:2), or 4 g @entity9984 (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and @entity1718 of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma @entity1674 concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL @entity165 decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. @entity8534 increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total @entity9539 increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 and 2 g @entity9984 favorably altered blood lipid and @entity844 profiles in healthy @entity1 . On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of @entity583 .

title: Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 @entity1718 and @entity18943 on circulating plasma lipids and @entity844 profiles in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) are abdominal wall recurrences that occur in the subcutaneous tissue within a trocar site after @entity5 laparoscopy and are not associated with peritoneal @entity189 . In order to develop @entity3337 , viable @entity5 cells must be liberated from the @entity5 , be transported to a wound, and find there a favorable environment for growth. The short clinical delay in the occurrence of @entity3337 and their size suggest massive cell seeding into the abdominal wall. @entity5 , slipping of trocars, liquid projection, as well as poor extraction techniques can all cause implantation of malignant cells into the subcutaneous tissue. Such contact can also occur postoperatively if the trocar channels remain open. Some histologies (e.g. @entity420 ), the presence of @entity843 and advanced @entity5 stage are risk factors for @entity3337 . Further conditions--including the use of gas--might also play a limited role. The first preventive measure is the correct indication for a laparoscopic approach. Several techniques have been demonstrated to prevent @entity3337 in the animal model: (a) fixation of trocars to the abdominal wall; (b) prevention of leakage; (c) careful specimen handling; (d) reducing @entity130 to the abdominal wall; (e) specimen isolation before extraction from the abdominal cavity; (f) trocar-site irrigation with a cytotoxic solution, and (g) closure of peritoneum. Further innovative therapies are currently under investigation. In the clinical setting, correct indication, surgical expertise and application of prophylactic measures seem to be the best way to prevent the occurrence of @entity3337 .

title: XXXX cell dissemination during laparoscopy: prevention and therapeutic opportunities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Traumatic handling of the tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['PSRs', 'Port-site recurrences']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1566 due to gunshot wounds (GW) are associated with different bladder and sphincteric behavior compared to other @entity130 mechanisms. SETTING: @entity3510 center, Brazilian university hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the records and urodynamic studies of 71 @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) referred to the Brazilian National @entity1566 Center over the year 2000, and compared the bladder-sphincteric pattern of @entity1 with @entity130 caused by GW with those caused by other @entity130 mechanisms. RESULTS: The causes of @entity1566 were (1) gunshot wounds (31 @entity1 : 43.7%); (2) motor vehicle accidents (16 @entity1 : 22.5%); (3) falls (16 @entity1 : 22.5%) and (4) diving (three @entity1 : 4.2%). In five @entity1 (7.1%) the causes were unusual @entity130 mechanisms like stab wound (one @entity1 ) and direct @entity130 in vigorous sports (two @entity1 ) or fights (two @entity1 ). The levels of the @entity130 were cervical in 22 @entity1 (31.0%), thoracic in 39 (54.9%) and lumbar in 10 (14.1%). @entity427 with @entity1690 was present in 65% of the @entity1 overall and in 76% of the thoracic gunshot wounded. @entity4894 occurred in 20% of the @entity1 and in 16% of thoracic injured @entity1 with gunshots. @entity427 with @entity1690 was the pattern encountered in 50% of the individuals suffering from @entity1566 because of other mechanisms and @entity4894 was present in 35.8%. There was no statistical difference between GW @entity1 and other mechanisms according to bladder and sphincter functions. CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial overlap of bladder and sphincteric behaviors between @entity1 with different levels of @entity3510 , but the @entity130 mechanism was not important to determine the bladder and sphincteric functions.

title: Effect of the XXXX mechanism on the bladder-sphincteric behavior after @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries', 'Spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['Areflexia', 'areflexia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1566 due to gunshot wounds (GW) are associated with different bladder and sphincteric behavior compared to other @entity130 mechanisms. SETTING: @entity3510 center, Brazilian university hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the records and urodynamic studies of 71 @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) referred to the Brazilian National @entity1566 Center over the year 2000, and compared the bladder-sphincteric pattern of @entity1 with @entity130 caused by GW with those caused by other @entity130 mechanisms. RESULTS: The causes of @entity1566 were (1) gunshot wounds (31 @entity1 : 43.7%); (2) motor vehicle accidents (16 @entity1 : 22.5%); (3) falls (16 @entity1 : 22.5%) and (4) diving (three @entity1 : 4.2%). In five @entity1 (7.1%) the causes were unusual @entity130 mechanisms like stab wound (one @entity1 ) and direct @entity130 in vigorous sports (two @entity1 ) or fights (two @entity1 ). The levels of the @entity130 were cervical in 22 @entity1 (31.0%), thoracic in 39 (54.9%) and lumbar in 10 (14.1%). @entity427 with @entity1690 was present in 65% of the @entity1 overall and in 76% of the thoracic gunshot wounded. @entity4894 occurred in 20% of the @entity1 and in 16% of thoracic injured @entity1 with gunshots. @entity427 with @entity1690 was the pattern encountered in 50% of the individuals suffering from @entity1566 because of other mechanisms and @entity4894 was present in 35.8%. There was no statistical difference between GW @entity1 and other mechanisms according to bladder and sphincter functions. CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial overlap of bladder and sphincteric behaviors between @entity1 with different levels of @entity3510 , but the @entity130 mechanism was not important to determine the bladder and sphincteric functions.

title: Effect of the @entity130 mechanism on the bladder-sphincteric behavior after XXXX .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased risk of @entity2 among asphalt workers has been suggested in epidemiological studies based on large scale statistical analyses. METHODS: In a multi-country study of 29,820 male workers employed in road paving, asphalt mixing and roofing, 32,245 ground and building construction workers and 17,757 other workers from Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden, with mortality that was documented from 1953-2000. Exposures to bitumen fume, coal tar, 4-6 ring @entity2555 , organic vapor, diesel exhaust, @entity1355 , and @entity3440 dust were assessed via a job-exposure matrix. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on national mortality rates, as well as relative risks (RRs) based on Poisson regression models were calculated. RESULTS: The SMR of @entity2 among workers exposed to bitumen fume (1.08, 95% CI 0.99-1.18) was comparable to that of non-exposed workers (SMR 1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.19). In a sub-cohort of bitumen-exposed workers without exposure to @entity2 was 1.23 (95% CI 1.02-1.48). The analysis based on the semi-quantitative, matrix-based exposures in the whole cohort did not suggest an @entity2 risk following exposure to bitumen fume. However, in an analysis restricted to road pavers, based on quantitative estimate of bitumen fume exposure, a dose-response was suggested for average level of exposure, applying a 15-year lag, which was marginally reduced after adjustment for co-exposure to coal tar. The results for @entity5 of the @entity135 were similar to those of @entity2 , although they were based on a smaller number of @entity204 . There was no clear suggestion of an association with bitumen fume for any other @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the analysis by bitumen fume exposure do not allow us to conclude on the presence or absence of a causal link between exposure to bitumen fume and risk of @entity2 and the @entity135 .

title: XXXX mortality among European asphalt workers: an international epidemiological study. II. Exposure to bitumen fume and other agents.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'increased lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'coal tar, the SMR of lung cancer', 'cancer of the lung']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cost containment has become an important issue in medical practice because of recent bad economic conditions. We analyzed the cost of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) @entity1 and cost-effective analysis was carried out comparing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), visual laser ablation of the prostate (VLAP) and transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT). MATERIALS _ METHODS: Our series consists of 95 @entity1067 @entity1 treated with TURP, VLAP and TUMT between January 1, 1994 and March 31, 1997. The cost for each @entity1 was calculated (46 were treated with TURP, 31 with VLAP and 28 with TUMT). Considering the clinical outcome, cost-effectiveness was compared in 3 groups retrospectively. RESULTS: The median level of total charges (insurance points) was 59,395 points for the TURP group, 66,784 points for the VLAP group and 14,927 points for the TUMT group. The median follow-up period was 12.4 months, 46.7 months and 14.4 months, respectively. Several @entity1 needed medication after operation in the VLAP group. In the TUMT group, 3 @entity1 needed re-operation and 5 other needed an alternative surgical method (TURP or transurethral needle ablation) and 1 needed both methods. DISCUSSION: TUMT is the most cost-effective method, however the recurent rate is highest in the follow-up period among the three groups. The costs of recurent cases were most expensive. We should select surgical treatment for @entity1067 very carefully.

title: [Economic evaluation of treatment for XXXX --transurethral resection vs thermotherapy vs laser vaporization].

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) was used to evaluate changes in bone mineral mass in 108 @entity6092 @entity1 . Ninety were treated with @entity1388 and 18 served as controls. All @entity6092 @entity1 and 9 of the controls took @entity460 and @entity560 supplements. In 16 @entity1 @entity172 were combined with the @entity1388 therapy. Seven @entity1 received @entity229 . Significant positive changes in bone mineral mass in the lumbar spine could be demonstrated over a mean observation time of 14-15 months in all groups treated with @entity1388 but not in the control group. The average increase in bone mineral mass in the lumbar spine (L2, L3 and L4 combined) ranged from 3.57% +/- 1.42% (sem, p less than 0.05) in @entity1 on @entity1388 to 10.36% +/- 3.17% (p less than 0.01) in @entity1 and 10.18% +/- 2.39% (p less than 0.001) in @entity1 on @entity172 and @entity1388 . Changes in bone mineral mass in femoral necks (left and right combined) and femoral diaphysis were not significant. In the control group no significant changes were observed (lumbar spine: -1.68% +/- 1.75%, femoral necks -0.09% +/- 3.3% and femoral diaphysis -2.32% +/- 2.40%). It is concluded that a positive effect of @entity1388 on trabecular bone in the spine can be demonstrated with @entity16771 on a group basis when data processing is done in a uniform way by a single observer. Its longitudinal use in individual @entity1 necessitates a series of measurements to overcome the analytical error.

title: Monitoring XXXX therapy in osteoporosis by dual photon absorptiometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) method, coupled with either UV or electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 ), is described for the simultaneous analysis of seven beta-blockers. The same electrolyte, namely 25 mM @entity5189 and 1 M @entity5189 , was used with different investigated organic solvents. In addition to frequently used organic solvents such as @entity1042 ( @entity2716 ) and @entity1626 ( @entity15544 ), @entity27390 and its derivatives were investigated. @entity27390 (FA) and @entity37409 ( @entity37410 ) present several interesting physico-chemical properties, one of them being a high dielectric constant (e). Since FA and NMF possess a high UV cutoff, beta-blockers with an absorbance above 250 nm were selected as model compounds in order to compare NACE-UV and NACE- @entity15 performances. FA and NMF showed different selectivity compared to water, @entity2716 or @entity15544 , and also demonstrated a higher efficiency in terms of the number of theoretical plates (especially NMF). To overcome their unfavorable optical properties, hyphenation with @entity15 detection appears as a promising technique, thanks to its benefits in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and universality. The practical compatibility of FA and NMF with ESI- @entity15 detection in combination with a sheath liquid configuration was demonstrated. In comparison to UV detection, sensitivity was increased, while a high efficiency was maintained. In addition, the low and stable generated currents observed were evidences for the successful hyphenation with ESI- @entity15 . Hence, FA and NMF seemed to be promising alternatives in NACE-ESI- @entity15 , either used as pure organic solvent or as a mixture with @entity2716 or @entity15544 .

title: Potential of XXXX and @entity37409 in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Application to the analysis of beta-blockers.

entities_list: @entity37409 :: ('MESH:C002950', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylformamide']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity27390 :: ('MESH:C031066', 'Chemical') :: ['formamide', 'Formamide']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid', 'ammonium formate']

answer: @entity27390 :: (MESH:C031066,Chemical) :: ['formamide']


abstract: A nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) method, coupled with either UV or electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 ), is described for the simultaneous analysis of seven beta-blockers. The same electrolyte, namely 25 mM @entity5189 and 1 M @entity5189 , was used with different investigated organic solvents. In addition to frequently used organic solvents such as @entity1042 ( @entity2716 ) and @entity1626 ( @entity15544 ), @entity27390 and its derivatives were investigated. @entity27390 (FA) and @entity37409 ( @entity37410 ) present several interesting physico-chemical properties, one of them being a high dielectric constant (e). Since FA and NMF possess a high UV cutoff, beta-blockers with an absorbance above 250 nm were selected as model compounds in order to compare NACE-UV and NACE- @entity15 performances. FA and NMF showed different selectivity compared to water, @entity2716 or @entity15544 , and also demonstrated a higher efficiency in terms of the number of theoretical plates (especially NMF). To overcome their unfavorable optical properties, hyphenation with @entity15 detection appears as a promising technique, thanks to its benefits in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and universality. The practical compatibility of FA and NMF with ESI- @entity15 detection in combination with a sheath liquid configuration was demonstrated. In comparison to UV detection, sensitivity was increased, while a high efficiency was maintained. In addition, the low and stable generated currents observed were evidences for the successful hyphenation with ESI- @entity15 . Hence, FA and NMF seemed to be promising alternatives in NACE-ESI- @entity15 , either used as pure organic solvent or as a mixture with @entity2716 or @entity15544 .

title: Potential of @entity27390 and XXXX in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Application to the analysis of beta-blockers.

answer: @entity37409 :: (MESH:C002950,Chemical) :: ['N-methylformamide']


abstract: Visceral @entity56 may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional @entity662 , although the underlying mechanism(s) is unknown. We investigated the effects of @entity2544 , an @entity859 receptor antagonist, on sensory perception and biomechanical properties of esophagus in @entity1 with functional @entity662 . Esophageal balloon distention was performed using impedance planimetry in 21 consecutive @entity1 with functional @entity662 . @entity1 found to have a hypersensitive esophagus received intravenous @entity2544 and balloon distension was repeated. If the @entity56 improved, oral @entity2544 was prescribed for three months as an open label trial. Balloon distension reproduced typical @entity662 in 16 (76%) @entity1 at thresholds suggestive of @entity56 . After @entity2544 infusion, @entity158 thresholds increased in 12 (75%) @entity1 . Median threshold pressures for discomfort and @entity158 improved (P < 0.01). Cross-sectional area increased (P < 0.05) and the tension/strain association shifted to the right (P < 0.01). Seven of eight @entity1 reported sustained improvement in @entity158 after oral @entity2544 . @entity2544 may ameliorate @entity662 in @entity1 with hypersensitive esophagus, possibly by altering @entity859 -mediated nociception.

title: An open-label trial of XXXX for functional @entity662 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: Visceral @entity56 may play a role in the pathogenesis of functional @entity662 , although the underlying mechanism(s) is unknown. We investigated the effects of @entity2544 , an @entity859 receptor antagonist, on sensory perception and biomechanical properties of esophagus in @entity1 with functional @entity662 . Esophageal balloon distention was performed using impedance planimetry in 21 consecutive @entity1 with functional @entity662 . @entity1 found to have a hypersensitive esophagus received intravenous @entity2544 and balloon distension was repeated. If the @entity56 improved, oral @entity2544 was prescribed for three months as an open label trial. Balloon distension reproduced typical @entity662 in 16 (76%) @entity1 at thresholds suggestive of @entity56 . After @entity2544 infusion, @entity158 thresholds increased in 12 (75%) @entity1 . Median threshold pressures for discomfort and @entity158 improved (P < 0.01). Cross-sectional area increased (P < 0.05) and the tension/strain association shifted to the right (P < 0.01). Seven of eight @entity1 reported sustained improvement in @entity158 after oral @entity2544 . @entity2544 may ameliorate @entity662 in @entity1 with hypersensitive esophagus, possibly by altering @entity859 -mediated nociception.

title: An open-label trial of @entity2544 for functional XXXX .

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity270 treatment on increased oxidative stress in @entity35 exposed to a swimming exercise protocol. In order to examine the effects of physical swimming training on the antioxidant defences of tissues and on their susceptibility to damage induced by exercise, the levels of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and @entity4466 reacting substances (TBARS) levels, on indicator of lipid peroxidation in various tissues, have been determined. In this study, four groups of female @entity35 were used while the @entity35 were trained to swim for 30 minutes a day and five days a week which lasted eight weeks and @entity270 (vit. E) supplementation (30 mg/kg/day) has been carried out for five days a week. TBARS levels are significantly found lower in both trained and sedentary vit. E supplemented groups, since vit. E is the most important antioxidant in an earlier line of defence in lipid peroxidation. Also, in vit. E supplemented trained @entity35 , the @entity2041 response is observed to be significantly higher, supporting with the TBARS levels and in accordance with the literature. But in the sedentary group without vit. E supplementation, the @entity2197 levels of the liver and the heart tissues were significantly lower than both vit. E supplemented sedentary and trained groups. These results evaluate that vit. E confers protection to @entity2197 levels in these tissues where the @entity2197 levels were found significantly lower in the groups not supplemented with vit. E.

title: The effect of XXXX treatment on oxidative stress generated in trained @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity270 treatment on increased oxidative stress in @entity35 exposed to a swimming exercise protocol. In order to examine the effects of physical swimming training on the antioxidant defences of tissues and on their susceptibility to damage induced by exercise, the levels of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and @entity4466 reacting substances (TBARS) levels, on indicator of lipid peroxidation in various tissues, have been determined. In this study, four groups of female @entity35 were used while the @entity35 were trained to swim for 30 minutes a day and five days a week which lasted eight weeks and @entity270 (vit. E) supplementation (30 mg/kg/day) has been carried out for five days a week. TBARS levels are significantly found lower in both trained and sedentary vit. E supplemented groups, since vit. E is the most important antioxidant in an earlier line of defence in lipid peroxidation. Also, in vit. E supplemented trained @entity35 , the @entity2041 response is observed to be significantly higher, supporting with the TBARS levels and in accordance with the literature. But in the sedentary group without vit. E supplementation, the @entity2197 levels of the liver and the heart tissues were significantly lower than both vit. E supplemented sedentary and trained groups. These results evaluate that vit. E confers protection to @entity2197 levels in these tissues where the @entity2197 levels were found significantly lower in the groups not supplemented with vit. E.

title: The effect of @entity270 treatment on oxidative stress generated in trained XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out on the use of @entity8933 ( @entity8934 ) in the perinatal period. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Mean maternal serum concentrations of @entity8934 reached 57.3 micrograms/ml at about 15 minutes after a single intravenous injection of @entity8934 1 g and then gradually decreased to 13.1 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes, 3.59 micrograms/ml in 4 hours and 20 minutes and 0.11 microgram/ml in 17 hours and 51 minutes. @entity8934 in umbilical cord serum was at detectable concentrations soon after administration and peaked to 23.5 micrograms/ml in 32 minutes. Although the concentrations in umbilical cord serum gradually decreased thereafter, they were higher than those in maternal serum at 3 hours and more after an injection and was 0.41 microgram/ml at 17 hours and 51 minutes. The @entity8934 in amniotic fluid became detectable a little later than @entity8934 in umbilical cord serum. The concentration of @entity8934 in amniotic fluid was below 1.00 microgram/ml at 30 minutes after administration. Concentrations then gradually increased to 21.3 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes and, even in 17 hours and 51 minutes, they were as high as 9.44 micrograms/ml. 2. In the clinical evaluation, @entity8934 was given to a total of 7 cases, i.e., 1 of @entity5870 , 2 of @entity7288 , 1 of @entity221 , and 3 of @entity2885 . The treatment showed satisfactory results, i.e. excellent result was obtained in 1 case, good in 5 and poor in 1 with an clinical efficacy rate of 85.7%. Microbiological examinations resulted in the isolation of 5 bacterial strains of 4 species and 1 fungal strain from 5 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on XXXX in the perinatal period].

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal endometritis']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['amnionitis']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal fever']

answer: @entity8933 :: (MESH:D015296,Chemical) :: ['ceftizoxime']


abstract: @entity943 and late @entity944 are recognized complications of intraatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. We performed a prospective study over 8 years in 100 consecutive hospital survivors who underwent Mustard (46 @entity1 ) or Senning (54 @entity1 ) operations between 1978 and 1982. @entity943 was analyzed by preoperative, postoperative, and serial follow-up Holter monitoring and standard electrocardiograms and was related to clinical outcome. Before repair, all @entity1 were in sinus rhythm with a low incidence of @entity943 . After repair, there was a gradual decrease in stable sinus rhythm during follow-up so that at a mean of 7 years after operation only 56% of @entity1 having the Senning operation and 66% having the Mustard, with simple transposition, were in stable sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. There was no significant difference between the two operations. Eleven @entity1 (five after Senning [two simple, three complex], six after Mustard [five simple, one complex]) died during follow-up, four suddenly (two after Senning, two after Mustard). However, @entity11705 or the presence of @entity943 on standard electrocardiograms or Holter recordings did not identify @entity1 at risk for increased morbidity or mortality. Thus, even with current surgical techniques, gradual @entity11705 occurred after both Mustard and Senning operations. Because late death could not be predicted by electrocardiographic analysis, an alternative approach involving detailed hemodynamic and electrophysiologic measurements may be required to identify high-risk @entity1 .

title: XXXX and late mortality after Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. An eight-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity11705 :: ('MESH:C563907', 'Disease') :: ['loss of sinus rhythm']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmia']


abstract: The outcome for the first 57 successive @entity1 who underwent total perineal prostatectomy for clinically localized @entity263 at the Virginia Mason Clinic and who have been followed up for a minimum of 15 years is reviewed for evaluation of the long-term impact of this operation on the disease. Twenty percent of the @entity1 had pathologic stage C disease. Recurrence developed in 11 of the 55 @entity1 (20%) who could be evaluated, and @entity204 from @entity263 occurred in 6 (11%) during this interval. The actual observed overall survival at 15 years or more was 60%, the actuarial survival 67%, and the cause-specific survival 89%. The current morbidity of this operation was evaluated by review of the last 50 consecutive @entity1 who underwent this procedure and had follow-up of at least 6 months. Operative time averaged 140 minutes, and @entity190 averaged 660 ml; 22% of the @entity1 required a transfusion. Average postoperative hospitalization was 5 days. Two @entity1 required a temporary colostomy for unrecognized @entity130 , and 2 developed a stricture requiring more than one dilation. Three @entity1 (6%) wear pads for mild @entity3142 . One @entity1 died of a @entity64 .

title: Total prostatectomy for clinically localized XXXX : long-term surgical results and current morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular accident']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The accumulation of certain essential and metabolically derived @entity1522 in the free @entity535 pools of three excitable tissues has been studied in the @entity1573 embryo. Valine together with @entity368 are at the onset present in the yolk at higher concentrations than any of the other essential @entity1522 . By 15 days all the @entity1522 studied have accumulated in the embryonic pools at a higher rate than valine, although certain @entity1522 , such as @entity815 or @entity1853 , always remain at lower relative concentrations than @entity4857 . This reflects their low supply in the yolk, rather than a more rapid rate of disappearance (utilization). During early embryogenesis (E2-E4), tissues preferentially concentrate @entity367 , besides @entity2226 and @entity2230 (6). The next distinct stage of development (E4-E7) is marked in the brain by a gradual rise in @entity367 , @entity1160 and @entity2574 ; the same three @entity1522 do not demonstrate a further increase in the pool of the heart, while in the whole eye the @entity535 profile begins to resemble the blood. @entity368 in all three tissues declines rapidly, to reach @entity6778 levels by day 7 of development; @entity669 increases slowly in apparent reciprocity to an equally gradual @entity815 decrease. Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), @entity1246 appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10). In the mesencephalon, the free @entity535 pool composition exhibits a rather sudden increase of most metabolically derived @entity1522 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The establishment of essential and metabolically derived XXXX profiles in developing @entity1573 embryo organs.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine', 'Leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: The accumulation of certain essential and metabolically derived @entity1522 in the free @entity535 pools of three excitable tissues has been studied in the @entity1573 embryo. Valine together with @entity368 are at the onset present in the yolk at higher concentrations than any of the other essential @entity1522 . By 15 days all the @entity1522 studied have accumulated in the embryonic pools at a higher rate than valine, although certain @entity1522 , such as @entity815 or @entity1853 , always remain at lower relative concentrations than @entity4857 . This reflects their low supply in the yolk, rather than a more rapid rate of disappearance (utilization). During early embryogenesis (E2-E4), tissues preferentially concentrate @entity367 , besides @entity2226 and @entity2230 (6). The next distinct stage of development (E4-E7) is marked in the brain by a gradual rise in @entity367 , @entity1160 and @entity2574 ; the same three @entity1522 do not demonstrate a further increase in the pool of the heart, while in the whole eye the @entity535 profile begins to resemble the blood. @entity368 in all three tissues declines rapidly, to reach @entity6778 levels by day 7 of development; @entity669 increases slowly in apparent reciprocity to an equally gradual @entity815 decrease. Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), @entity1246 appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10). In the mesencephalon, the free @entity535 pool composition exhibits a rather sudden increase of most metabolically derived @entity1522 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The establishment of essential and metabolically derived @entity535 profiles in developing XXXX embryo organs.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Phospholipase D ( @entity71072 ) activity per mg protein of whole homogenate increased 5.1 fold between Embryonic (E) day 17 and Postpartum (P) day 14 and slightly decreased by P 30 days. This was due to the decrease of @entity71072 activity of the P2 fraction. The @entity71072 activity of P2 and P3 fractions increased 11.2 and 6.1 fold respectively between E 17 and P 14. The 3 base exchange enzyme ( @entity5157 ) activities per mg protein of whole homogenate increased up to P 14 or P 21 and then decreased. This decrease was greater in the P2 fraction and the P3 fraction increased after P 14. Brains from 1 day to 25 month old @entity35 were dissected into 7 separate regions and both @entity71072 and @entity5157 activities were measured. In adult @entity35 , the hippocampus and @entity2339 had the highest @entity71072 activities while medulla + pons and cerebellum had the lowest @entity71072 activities. The developmental patterns of 5 regions except for hippocampus and @entity2339 were similar. @entity71072 activity in the hippocampus was maximum at P 7 followed by a steep decrease till P 30 suggesting that the @entity71072 activity of the @entity2339 develops later and that of the hippocampus develops earlier than any other region. The distributions of @entity5157 activities were quite different from those of @entity71072 activities. In adult @entity35 , the cerebellum had the highest activity while the striatum and medulla + pons had the lowest. The @entity5157 activities of cerebellum were lowest at P 1 and showed steep increase during the next 2 weeks.

title: Developmental changes and regional distribution of phospholipase D and base exchange enzyme activities in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Out of all neurological and @entity146 from the international point of view @entity988 is the biggest problem in road-traffic. Psychomotor-ability and self-criticism are already impaired at very low doses of @entity167 . Driving-ability almost always is reduced in the acute stage of endogenous psychoses, but improves parallel to the improvement of the @entity716 . This happens in spite and sometimes even because of psychopharmacotherapy. Almost all @entity1 are able to fulfill the driving-ability requirements after the acute state. Neurological @entity1 are causing less problems in road-traffic than the average population. In @entity302 a small "risk group" could be objectified. This group has a bad compliance and inclines to @entity988 . In the Western part of Lower Austria we have made arrangements concerning standardized requirements for our @entity1 in 1976. This way from the psycho-hygienic point of view we really were very successful. It also should be mentioned that concerning @entity302 we were more or less pursuing the same ideas since 1976 which got recommended by "Epilepsy International" in 1981.

title: [Neurologic and XXXX and fitness for driving].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric diseases']