abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication is commonly found in @entity161 and other @entity914 , thus forming a major obstacle to long-term maintenance treatment and contributing to high relapse rates. With limited evidence on the success of interventions in enhancing medication adherence, this controlled trial was designed to test and evaluate the effectiveness of an @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for outpatients with @entity161 spectrum disorders, based on a motivational interviewing approach over a six-month follow-up period. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measures, two parallel groups design was conducted in a random sample of 114 @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders in one community @entity146 nursing service. After pre-test, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to either an eight-session course of @entity34 plus usual care or usual @entity146 care (n   =   57 per group). The main outcomes, including medication adherence, symptom severity, insight into treatment, hospitalization rate, and functioning, were measured at baseline and immediately and six months post-intervention. RESULTS: A total of 110 @entity1 completed this trial and thus the attrition rate was 3.5  %. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Helmert's contrasts test indicated that the @entity34 @entity1 reported significantly greater improvements in their insight into illness and/or treatment, psychosocial functioning, symptom severity, number of re-hospitalizations, and medication adherence (F   =   5.01 to 7.45, P   =   0.007 to 0.030) over six months follow-up, when compared with usual care. CONCLUSIONS: Motivational interviewing-based @entity34 for @entity1 with @entity161 can be effective to reduce symptom severity and re-hospitalizations, and improve medication adherence, functioning, and insight into illness and/or treatment over a medium term (six months) period of follow-up. Further study on the effects of @entity34 in @entity1 with @entity914 in terms of diverse sociodemographic and illness characteristics, and a longer term (for example, over 12  months) follow-up period is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01780116 ) on 6 July 2014.

title: Effects of motivational interviewing-based @entity34 for XXXX spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'adherence therapy']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication is commonly found in @entity161 and other @entity914 , thus forming a major obstacle to long-term maintenance treatment and contributing to high relapse rates. With limited evidence on the success of interventions in enhancing medication adherence, this controlled trial was designed to test and evaluate the effectiveness of an @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for outpatients with @entity161 spectrum disorders, based on a motivational interviewing approach over a six-month follow-up period. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measures, two parallel groups design was conducted in a random sample of 114 @entity1 with @entity161 spectrum disorders in one community @entity146 nursing service. After pre-test, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to either an eight-session course of @entity34 plus usual care or usual @entity146 care (n   =   57 per group). The main outcomes, including medication adherence, symptom severity, insight into treatment, hospitalization rate, and functioning, were measured at baseline and immediately and six months post-intervention. RESULTS: A total of 110 @entity1 completed this trial and thus the attrition rate was 3.5  %. Results of repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Helmert's contrasts test indicated that the @entity34 @entity1 reported significantly greater improvements in their insight into illness and/or treatment, psychosocial functioning, symptom severity, number of re-hospitalizations, and medication adherence (F   =   5.01 to 7.45, P   =   0.007 to 0.030) over six months follow-up, when compared with usual care. CONCLUSIONS: Motivational interviewing-based @entity34 for @entity1 with @entity161 can be effective to reduce symptom severity and re-hospitalizations, and improve medication adherence, functioning, and insight into illness and/or treatment over a medium term (six months) period of follow-up. Further study on the effects of @entity34 in @entity1 with @entity914 in terms of diverse sociodemographic and illness characteristics, and a longer term (for example, over 12  months) follow-up period is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01780116 ) on 6 July 2014.

title: Effects of motivational interviewing-based XXXX for @entity161 spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['adherence therapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to examine differences in cardiometabolic risk indicators, as well as their prevalences, in Portuguese and Mozambican youth, and to investigate the associations between weight status and @entity410 with cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: The sample comprises 721 adolescents (323 Mozambican and 398 Portuguese), aged 10-15 years. Anthropometry (height, sitting height, weight and waist circumference), blood pressure, serum-fasting @entity1674 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and @entity413 , and @entity410 were measured. Maturity offset was estimated and a cardiometabolic risk score adjusted for sex, age and biological maturity was computed. Adolescents were classified as normal weight and overweight/ @entity28 as well as fit or unfit ( @entity410 ). RESULTS: Portuguese youth have better cardiometabolic and @entity410 profiles. About 32% and 30% of Portuguese @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, are overweight/ @entity28 ; in Mozambicans, these prevalences are 7.5% for @entity1 and 21% for @entity1 ; in addition, 81.6% of Portuguese @entity1 and 77.7% of Portuguese @entity1 were classified as cardiorespiratory fit, against 54% and 44.4% of Mozambican @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found between Mozambicans and Portuguese for the cluster of three or more cardiometabolic risk indicators. A positive relationship (P<0.001) was found between weight status and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents from both countries; however, a negative association (P<0.001) between @entity410 and cardiometabolic risk was only found among Portuguese youth. CONCLUSIONS: Portuguese and Mozambican youth differ in their cardiometabolic risk profiles, body weight and @entity410 , favoring Portuguese. Overweight/ @entity28 and low @entity410 are related to a worse cardiometabolic risk profile, being relevant to design public health intervention strategies to reduce excess weight and increase @entity410 .International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 30 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.110.

title: Body mass index, XXXX and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth from Portugal and Mozambique.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'cardiorespiratory fitness levels']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: Intraabdominal @entity101 (IAH) can occur in @entity3124 @entity1 who have undergone surgery, who have required fluid resuscitation after intraabdominal operations, or whose abdominal surgical wound closure was under tension. If IAH remains unrelieved, it can lead to development of the @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ). The latter presents with severe cardiorespiratory and urinary symptoms such as @entity551 , @entity3316 , and @entity1458 , and it can become fatal if it is not diagnosed early and treated properly. Moreover, IAH has been documented in the context of major burns, complicating the initial resuscitation of these @entity1 . This study was set up to investigate the role of full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal areas in IAH during the early resuscitation period, to determine whether escharotomy could influence its levels. During the past 2 years 10 burn @entity1 were enrolled in this study, as they fulfilled the necessary criteria: >35% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn affecting the anterior, lateral, and most of the posterior surface of the thorax and abdomen (torso), no respiratory mechanical support at admission, and initial evaluation at another facility and transfer to our burn center 2-6 h postburn. Upon admission, the following parameters (indicative of @entity101 , IAH) were measured: bladder pressure and gastric pressure. Also, we monitored inferior vena cava pressure, and as a routine, central venous pressure, systolic blood pressure, and arterial blood gases. Elevated intraabdominal pressure to hazardous levels was documented in all @entity1 included in our study. The same escharotomy pattern was performed in every case, and 5-10 min after the procedure all measurements were repeated. Immediate improvement of all the parameters measured was recorded, and the alterations were found statistically significant. These results were indicative of significant relief of the elevated intraabdominal pressure in all @entity1 after escharotomy, as well as the efficacy of the procedure. It is thus demonstrated that full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal areas can cause a significant early increase in intraabdominal pressure that, if left untreated, can lead to the development of @entity8479 . However, the application of simple decompression techniques can offer remarkable, immediate, and often lifesaving results and is absolutely indicated for this reason, as well as for its well-known beneficial effects on respiratory function.

title: Early escharotomy as a measure to reduce XXXX in full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Image registration and subtraction to detect the change of disease burden in @entity15 on serial MR images should benefit from the use of high-resolution isotropic voxels. We compared 1.2-mm isotropic three-dimensional (3D) fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with standard 3-mm two-dimensional spin-echo images for the detection of new or @entity66 in longitudinal studies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serial MR images were obtained at baseline, month 6 (n = 20), and month 7 (n = 16). For the half-yearly intervals, subtracted 3D FLAIR images and T2-weighted spin-echo images were compared. For the monthly intervals, subtracted 3D FLAIR images were compared with triple-dose contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images. New, enlarging, and enhancing lesions were marked in consensus by two radiologists. RESULTS: At the half-yearly intervals, 3D FLAIR imaging detected more new or @entity66 than T2-weighted spin-echo imaging, both at the initial interpretation (80 vs 52; p < 0.001) and after a side-by-side comparison of the lesions (88 vs 65; p < 0.001). Post hoc analyses showed the largest benefit for new (rather than enlarging), for small, and for temporal lesions. At the monthly intervals, 32 enhancing lesions were detected on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images versus 20 new or @entity66 detected on 3D FLAIR images (p < 0.05). After a side-by-side comparison of the lesions, seven additional lesions were identified on 3D FLAIR images, making the difference with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo images insignificant (27 vs 32; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Isotropic 3D FLAIR imaging holds great promise for the detection of new or @entity66 in @entity15 using registration and subtraction techniques certainly at longer intervals.

title: Serial isotropic three-dimensional fast FLAIR imaging: using image registration and subtraction to reveal active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enlarging lesions']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of @entity11313 and @entity4680 in the treatment of @entity293 ( @entity293 ) has been questioned because of an increase in the prevalence of resistant strains. The aim of this study was to describe the risk of treatment failures over the last 10 years. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. MATERIAL: Data were retrieved from Odense Pharmaco Epidemiological Database and consisted of @entity1 receiving @entity11313 (n = 44,716) or @entity4680 (n = 3093) during the period 1990-99. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prescription of a new antibiotic drug appropriate for @entity293 within 4 weeks after the initial treatment was considered as an indicator for a treatment failure. The risk of treatment failure was estimated by calculating the cumulative incidence proportion of new antibiotic prescriptions within 4 weeks after the initial treatment. RESULTS: A new antibiotic followed 8% of @entity11313 and 9.5% of @entity4680 treatments. The cumulative incidence proportion of treatment failures did not change during the study period. A logistic regression model showed @entity4680 to be associated with a higher risk of treatment failure (OR 1.42, CI 1.14-1.77) than @entity11313 . CONCLUSION: This study does not support a change in current Danish practice of @entity11313 being first-line treatment for uncomplicated UVI.

title: Treatment failures after antibiotic therapy of uncomplicated XXXX . A prescription database study.

entities_list: @entity4680 :: ('MESH:D000561', 'Chemical') :: ['pivmecillinam']

entities_list: @entity11313 :: ('MESH:D013419', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethizole']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single-agent post-autologous transplant maintenance therapy with @entity6985 is standard of care for @entity1 with @entity1582 . The tolerability and effectiveness of combination post-transplant maintenance therapy is unknown, so we investigated @entity6985 and @entity782 ( @entity782 ) in this setting, hypothesizing that the regimen would be well tolerated and associated with an improved post-transplant response. This trial followed a standard 3  *  3 dose escalation phase 1 design. @entity782 was administered beginning day +90 post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for days 1-7 and 15-21, and @entity6985 was started at 10  mg days 1-21, both on a 28-d cycle. The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose and dose limiting @entity137 were assessed during the first cycle. Treatment was well tolerated in 16 enrolled @entity1 . During Cycle 1, the most common @entity137 included @entity1503 , @entity344 and @entity1295 . Seven @entity1 improved their transplant response after starting combination therapy. The median follow-up was 38  4  months, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival have yet to be reached. This oral post-transplant maintenance regimen was well tolerated. This is the first trial to publish results on the use of a histone deacetylase inhibitor in the maintenance setting, and it provides rationale for the ongoing randomized trial in maintenance (ISRCTN 49407852). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00729118.

title: @entity6985 and XXXX maintenance after autologous transplant in @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['Vorinostat', 'suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid', 'vorinostat']

answer: @entity782 :: (MESH:C111237,Chemical) :: ['vorinostat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single-agent post-autologous transplant maintenance therapy with @entity6985 is standard of care for @entity1 with @entity1582 . The tolerability and effectiveness of combination post-transplant maintenance therapy is unknown, so we investigated @entity6985 and @entity782 ( @entity782 ) in this setting, hypothesizing that the regimen would be well tolerated and associated with an improved post-transplant response. This trial followed a standard 3  *  3 dose escalation phase 1 design. @entity782 was administered beginning day +90 post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for days 1-7 and 15-21, and @entity6985 was started at 10  mg days 1-21, both on a 28-d cycle. The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose and dose limiting @entity137 were assessed during the first cycle. Treatment was well tolerated in 16 enrolled @entity1 . During Cycle 1, the most common @entity137 included @entity1503 , @entity344 and @entity1295 . Seven @entity1 improved their transplant response after starting combination therapy. The median follow-up was 38  4  months, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival have yet to be reached. This oral post-transplant maintenance regimen was well tolerated. This is the first trial to publish results on the use of a histone deacetylase inhibitor in the maintenance setting, and it provides rationale for the ongoing randomized trial in maintenance (ISRCTN 49407852). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00729118.

title: XXXX and @entity782 maintenance after autologous transplant in @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['Lenalidomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single-agent post-autologous transplant maintenance therapy with @entity6985 is standard of care for @entity1 with @entity1582 . The tolerability and effectiveness of combination post-transplant maintenance therapy is unknown, so we investigated @entity6985 and @entity782 ( @entity782 ) in this setting, hypothesizing that the regimen would be well tolerated and associated with an improved post-transplant response. This trial followed a standard 3  *  3 dose escalation phase 1 design. @entity782 was administered beginning day +90 post-haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for days 1-7 and 15-21, and @entity6985 was started at 10  mg days 1-21, both on a 28-d cycle. The primary endpoint was maximum tolerated dose and dose limiting @entity137 were assessed during the first cycle. Treatment was well tolerated in 16 enrolled @entity1 . During Cycle 1, the most common @entity137 included @entity1503 , @entity344 and @entity1295 . Seven @entity1 improved their transplant response after starting combination therapy. The median follow-up was 38  4  months, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival have yet to be reached. This oral post-transplant maintenance regimen was well tolerated. This is the first trial to publish results on the use of a histone deacetylase inhibitor in the maintenance setting, and it provides rationale for the ongoing randomized trial in maintenance (ISRCTN 49407852). TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00729118.

title: @entity6985 and @entity782 maintenance after autologous transplant in XXXX .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe complications associated with EV71 infections caused many @entity1 @entity204 . However, the pathogenesis of EV71 infection in the severe cases remained poorly understood. METHODS: In this study we collected plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens drawn in the acute and/or recovery phases from EV71-infected individuals, and plasma specimens from healthy @entity1 served as normal controls. We compared the levels of cytokines and chemokines determined by a Luminex-based cytokine bead array. RESULTS: The plasma levels of @entity1356 and @entity650 were significantly higher in severe and critical cases than in mild @entity1 and normal controls. Higher plasma levels of @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity687 were evident in critical than severe cases. The CSF levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity371 were higher, and that of @entity5737 lower (compared to plasma), in severe and critical @entity1 . Significantly lower CSF levels of cytokines and chemokines were recorded in the recovery than the acute phase in severe and critical cases treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids. Only the CSF levels of @entity650 , @entity371 , and @entity687 were significantly correlated with white blood cell counts, and absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts, in severe cases. Furthermore, the CSF levels of @entity650 were correlated with temperature in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that a major cytokine response and @entity32 , in both plasma and the CNS, are features of disease caused by EV71 infection. Systemic @entity32 caused by EV71 @entity2789 , and resulted in the disease progression to the @entity3124 stage.

title: Cytokine responses and correlations thereof with clinical profiles in XXXX with enterovirus 71 infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['infection exacerbated the deterioration of the disease']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Investigators have demonstrated pressor areas in the medullas of various species. The present study precisely localized the pressor area in the caudal medulla of the @entity35 and determined its projections to the caudal and rostral ventrolateral medulla. The caudal medulla first was mapped grossly in @entity35 with injections (30 nl) of @entity2227 (30-, 15-, and 7.5-nmol doses) placed 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm caudal to the calamus scriptorius, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, and 1.8, 1.7, and 1.6 mm ventral to the dorsal medullary surface, respectively, and their arterial pressures were recorded. One of these nine injections showed significant increases in arterial pressure. We micromapped this area with a total of 27 injections of @entity2227 (10 nl; 5 nmol) placed 300 microm apart at 3 different dorsoventral levels. This micromapping study pinpointed the precise location of caudal pressor area (CPA) neurons in a restricted region lateral to the caudal end of the lateral reticular nucleus and ventromedial to the medullary dorsal horn near the level of the pyramidal decussation. Injections of @entity2227 into this spot, 1.0 mm caudal to the calamus scriptorius, 2.0 mm lateral to the midline, and 1.7 mm ventral from the dorsal surface of the medulla, induced significant increases in arterial pressure. The neuroanatomic connections of neurons in the CPA to the ventrolateral medulla were then investigated with iontophoretic injections of either the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran @entity6115 ( @entity7506 ) made into the CPA or the retrograde tracer FluoroGold (FG) injected into either the caudal or rostral ventrolateral medulla. BDA injections resulted in bouton-laden fibers throughout both caudal and rostral portions of the ventrolateral medulla. Either of the FG injections resulted in numerous spindle-shaped neurons interspersed between the longitudinal fiber bundles running through the CPA area. The proximity of the CPA neurons to the A1 catecholaminergic cell group is discussed.

title: The caudal pressor area of the XXXX : its precise location and projections to the ventrolateral medulla.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hot flashes are classic symptoms of menopause. Emerging data link hot flashes to @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk, yet whether hot flashes are related to brain health is poorly understood. We examined the relationship between hot flashes (measured via physiologic monitor and self-report) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) among midlife @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty midlife @entity1 (aged 40-60 y) without clinical @entity65 , with an intact uterus and ovaries, and not taking hormone therapy were recruited. @entity1 underwent 24 hours of ambulatory physiologic and diary hot flash monitoring to quantify hot flashes; magnetic resonance imaging to assess @entity62 burden; 72 hours of actigraphy to quantify sleep; and a blood draw, questionnaires, and physical measures to quantify demographics and @entity65 risk factors. Tests of a priori hypotheses regarding relationships between physiologically monitored and self-reported wake and sleep hot flashes and @entity62 were conducted in linear regression models. RESULTS: More physiologically monitored hot flashes during sleep were associated with greater @entity62 , controlling for age, race, and body mass index (b [SE] = 0.0002 [0.0001], P = 0.03]. Findings persisted after controlling for sleep characteristics and additional @entity65 risk factors. No relationships were observed for self-reported hot flashes. CONCLUSIONS: More physiologically monitored hot flashes during sleep are associated with greater @entity62 burden among midlife @entity1 without clinical @entity65 . Results suggest that the relationship between hot flashes and @entity65 risk observed in the periphery may extend to the brain. Future work should consider the unique role of sleep hot flashes in brain health.

title: Menopausal hot flashes and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter hyperintensities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe the imaging findings and CT characteristics that lead to accurate distinction of large exophytic @entity8 from @entity27418 , which at times can be confused on imaging studies and even at pathologic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed CT images of 15 large exophytic @entity8 and 12 well-differentiated @entity1821 . Pathologic correlation was available for six of 15 @entity359 and all of the @entity1821 . All examinations were evaluated for lesion size, renal @entity8 , lesion encapsulation or margination, associated @entity548 , and additional @entity359 . The records of @entity1 with @entity2916 or the forme fruste of that condition were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The average size of the @entity359 was 14 x 10 cm. They showed a renal parenchymal defect (n = 15), enlarged vessels (n = 12), renal displacement (n = 14), good margination without a distinct capsule (n = 14), @entity548 (n = 1), and additional (one or two) @entity359 (n = 4). The average size of the @entity1821 was 18 x 11.6 cm. They showed enlarged vessels (n = 3), renal displacement (n = 11), and encapsulation (n = 4); none showed a renal parenchymal defect, @entity548 , or associated @entity359 . CONCLUSION: Although large @entity359 and well-differentiated @entity27418 may have similar appearances on imaging, careful evaluation for a @entity8 combined with the presence of enlarged vessels in @entity359 should enable accurate differentiation in almost all cases. Achieving an accurate diagnosis can have a significant impact on @entity1 treatment.

title: CT differentiation of large exophytic XXXX and @entity1821 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['defect in the renal parenchyma', 'parenchymal defect, enlarged vessels, kidney displacement', 'renal angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'exophytic angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity27418 :: ('MESH:C538370', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal perirenal liposarcomas', 'retroperitoneal liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'perirenal liposarcomas']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal angiomyolipomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to describe the imaging findings and CT characteristics that lead to accurate distinction of large exophytic @entity8 from @entity27418 , which at times can be confused on imaging studies and even at pathologic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed CT images of 15 large exophytic @entity8 and 12 well-differentiated @entity1821 . Pathologic correlation was available for six of 15 @entity359 and all of the @entity1821 . All examinations were evaluated for lesion size, renal @entity8 , lesion encapsulation or margination, associated @entity548 , and additional @entity359 . The records of @entity1 with @entity2916 or the forme fruste of that condition were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The average size of the @entity359 was 14 x 10 cm. They showed a renal parenchymal defect (n = 15), enlarged vessels (n = 12), renal displacement (n = 14), good margination without a distinct capsule (n = 14), @entity548 (n = 1), and additional (one or two) @entity359 (n = 4). The average size of the @entity1821 was 18 x 11.6 cm. They showed enlarged vessels (n = 3), renal displacement (n = 11), and encapsulation (n = 4); none showed a renal parenchymal defect, @entity548 , or associated @entity359 . CONCLUSION: Although large @entity359 and well-differentiated @entity27418 may have similar appearances on imaging, careful evaluation for a @entity8 combined with the presence of enlarged vessels in @entity359 should enable accurate differentiation in almost all cases. Achieving an accurate diagnosis can have a significant impact on @entity1 treatment.

title: CT differentiation of large exophytic @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['perirenal liposarcomas']


abstract: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature. However, the study of this complex process is often hampered by the lack of a suitable cell-based model and the tools to study the biochemical events that lead to new blood vessel growth. The most widely accepted model for angiogenesis is the in vivo @entity35 corneal model. In this model, the @entity267 , which is normally an avascular tissue, is stimulated to undergo angiogenesis in response to @entity7292 cauterization or to the implantation of an exogenous angiogenic agent. The physical changes associated with the new vessel growth can be readily monitored visually, but the regulated biochemical events that result in the growth and remodeling of the new vessels are much more challenging to decipher. In this report, a proteomics approach is evaluated for its utility in deciphering the biochemical events during a time course of angiogenic stimulation. At various time points post- @entity7292 cautery, corneas were harvested, solubilized, and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein expression profiles at the various stages of angiogenesis were compared to those of control corneas. One hundred and eleven differentially-expressed proteins were identified by either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Many of the proteins up-regulated during the angiogenesis process were identified as blood-related proteins, thus validating the development of functional blood vessels in the normally avascular tissue of the @entity267 . Furthermore, detection of differentially-regulated proteins in cauterized versus control tissue clearly validated the utility of a proteomics approach to study this model of angiogenesis. However, in order to get at the key regulatory proteins in the angiogenesis process, it is clear that additional scale-up and enrichment approaches will be required.

title: Proteome analysis of the @entity35 XXXX during angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature. However, the study of this complex process is often hampered by the lack of a suitable cell-based model and the tools to study the biochemical events that lead to new blood vessel growth. The most widely accepted model for angiogenesis is the in vivo @entity35 corneal model. In this model, the @entity267 , which is normally an avascular tissue, is stimulated to undergo angiogenesis in response to @entity7292 cauterization or to the implantation of an exogenous angiogenic agent. The physical changes associated with the new vessel growth can be readily monitored visually, but the regulated biochemical events that result in the growth and remodeling of the new vessels are much more challenging to decipher. In this report, a proteomics approach is evaluated for its utility in deciphering the biochemical events during a time course of angiogenic stimulation. At various time points post- @entity7292 cautery, corneas were harvested, solubilized, and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein expression profiles at the various stages of angiogenesis were compared to those of control corneas. One hundred and eleven differentially-expressed proteins were identified by either matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Many of the proteins up-regulated during the angiogenesis process were identified as blood-related proteins, thus validating the development of functional blood vessels in the normally avascular tissue of the @entity267 . Furthermore, detection of differentially-regulated proteins in cauterized versus control tissue clearly validated the utility of a proteomics approach to study this model of angiogenesis. However, in order to get at the key regulatory proteins in the angiogenesis process, it is clear that additional scale-up and enrichment approaches will be required.

title: Proteome analysis of the XXXX @entity267 during angiogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In addition to impaired physical activity, adult @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) can decrease quality of life (QOL). Hence, assessment of QOL is important to evaluate the efficacy of GH replacement therapy. This study aimed to identify factors that may be predictive of long-term improvement in QOL among clinical/laboratory variables during GH replacement therapy. The analysis included 83 Japanese adults with @entity2338 who participated in the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study (HypoCCS). Correlations between the change from baseline in clinical/laboratory variables at 6 months and the change from baseline in Quality of life (Short-Form 36 [SF-36] component scores) at 12 months were examined. Unexpectedly, all component scores were negatively correlated with the change in fasting plasma @entity413 concentration (FPG) (physical component summary [PCS], r = -0.456; mental component summary [MCS], r = -0.523; role/social component summary [RCS], r = -0.433). The change in MCS was positively correlated with the change in @entity442 standard deviation score ( @entity442 @entity214 ) (r = 0.417). The change in PCS was positively correlated with the change in body fat (r = 0.551). The change in RCS was positively correlated with the change in waist circumference (r = 0.528). Short-term changes in several clinical/laboratory variables, most notably FPG and @entity442 SDS, were correlated with long-term changes in QOL. The clinical importance of these correlations for predicting GH replacement treatment efficacy warrants further investigation.

title: Possible predictors for QOL improvement following GH replacement therapy in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2338 :: (MESH:D004393,Disease) :: ['GHD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4270 represents a core symptom of major @entity308 and may be a potential marker for @entity308 . However, current understanding of this construct in depressive sub-types is limited. METHOD: @entity1 were recruited from the Black @entity235 Institute (Sydney) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston). Diagnostic groups were derived on the basis of agreement between clinician and DSM-IV diagnosis from structured interviews. Currently depressed unipolar melancholic, non-melancholic and healthy control @entity1 were administered a probabilistic reward task (PRT) to assess a behavioural correlate of @entity4270 -blunted reward-based learning. Self-reported measures of @entity4270 , approach and avoidance motivation were completed by the Sydney sample. RESULTS: Relative to healthy controls and non-melancholic @entity1 , melancholic depressed @entity1 had reduced response bias, highlighting blunted reward learning. Moreover, although non-melancholic @entity1 were characterized by a delayed response bias, melancholic depressed @entity1 failed to develop a bias throughout blocks. Response bias showed no associations with self-report measures of hedonic tone in depressed @entity1 . Positive associations were observed between response bias, approach and avoidance motivation in non-melancholic @entity1 only. LIMITATIONS: Possible medication, fatigue and @entity148 effects were not controlled; small sample sizes; inclusion criteria may have excluded those with severe @entity308 and led to underestimation of group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Melancholia is characterised by a reduced ability to modulate behaviour as a function of reward, and the motivational salience of rewarding stimuli may differ across depressive sub-types. Results support the view that @entity308 is a distinct sub-type. Further exploration of reward system functioning in depressive sub-types is warranted.

title: @entity4270 in melancholic and non-melancholic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholia', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Anhedonia', 'anhedonia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4270 represents a core symptom of major @entity308 and may be a potential marker for @entity308 . However, current understanding of this construct in depressive sub-types is limited. METHOD: @entity1 were recruited from the Black @entity235 Institute (Sydney) and Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston). Diagnostic groups were derived on the basis of agreement between clinician and DSM-IV diagnosis from structured interviews. Currently depressed unipolar melancholic, non-melancholic and healthy control @entity1 were administered a probabilistic reward task (PRT) to assess a behavioural correlate of @entity4270 -blunted reward-based learning. Self-reported measures of @entity4270 , approach and avoidance motivation were completed by the Sydney sample. RESULTS: Relative to healthy controls and non-melancholic @entity1 , melancholic depressed @entity1 had reduced response bias, highlighting blunted reward learning. Moreover, although non-melancholic @entity1 were characterized by a delayed response bias, melancholic depressed @entity1 failed to develop a bias throughout blocks. Response bias showed no associations with self-report measures of hedonic tone in depressed @entity1 . Positive associations were observed between response bias, approach and avoidance motivation in non-melancholic @entity1 only. LIMITATIONS: Possible medication, fatigue and @entity148 effects were not controlled; small sample sizes; inclusion criteria may have excluded those with severe @entity308 and led to underestimation of group differences. CONCLUSIONS: Melancholia is characterised by a reduced ability to modulate behaviour as a function of reward, and the motivational salience of rewarding stimuli may differ across depressive sub-types. Results support the view that @entity308 is a distinct sub-type. Further exploration of reward system functioning in depressive sub-types is warranted.

title: XXXX in melancholic and non-melancholic @entity308 .

answer: @entity4270 :: (MESH:D059445,Disease) :: ['Anhedonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dengue, the most rampant zoonotic @entity1800 in tropics, contributes to 14% of acute @entity221 cases globally. @entity198 in primary @entity779 , with/without @entity548 has been reported occasionally. Our study presents novel evidence for this rarity at the molecular level. @entity19 microglia (BV2) were @entity778 (DENV) serotypes (1-4) and their immune response was evaluated. Gene expressions of @entity637 , @entity1618 , IFN-y, and @entity635 constituted the pro-inflammatory response, levels of @entity8929 and @entity777 represented the regulatory mechanism and changes in the levels of @entity8843 , @entity5780 , @entity1235 and @entity5779 encompassed the break-down of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cytokine response was studied using RT-PCR, with relative fold change assessed using     Ct method. We observed that DENV1 increased vascular permeability and trans-membrane transport, while DENV2 resulted in oxidative stress. DENV3 @entity281 presented with impaired immune response and DENV4 manifested a chaotropic response of the BBB protein genes. However, no serotype was able to breakdown the BBB, thus validating the low prevalence of @entity198 in dengue. Our study is the first reported evidence of the microglial immune response resisting the entry of DENV into the CNS. It also supports the theory that primary @entity281 results in the acute @entity32 of the microglia, and the host immune response plays a critical role in development of @entity198 .

title: Novel evidence of microglial immune response in impairment of XXXX of CNS.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infected in-vitro with Dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis', 'Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Dengue infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity3034 treatment in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) causes motor fluctuations and @entity910 , but few data describe their development or severity in unselected incident cohorts. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, treatment, smoking, @entity5834 and @entity285 data from 183 @entity1 with @entity191 were gathered from the @entity304 Incidence in Northeast Scotland (PINE) study, a community-based, incident cohort. With Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression modelling the development, and severity, of @entity910 and motor fluctuations and which factors independently influenced their onset were assessed. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 59  months, 39 @entity1 (21.3%) developed motor fluctuations and 52 (28.4%) developed @entity910 . Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of motor fluctuations and @entity910 after 5  years of dopaminergic treatment were 29.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 21.5%-38.8%] and 37.0% (95% CI 28.5%-47.1%) respectively. 19.8% developed motor fluctuations requiring treatment changes but only 4.0% (95% CI 1.5%-10.4%) developed @entity910 requiring treatment changes by 5  years. Cumulative @entity3034 dose [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38 (95% CI 1.19-1.60)], female sex [HR 2.41 (1.19-4.89)] and younger age at diagnosis [HR 1.08 (1.04-1.11)] were independently associated with development of motor fluctuations. Cumulative @entity3034 dose [HR 1.23 (1.08-1.40)] and female sex [HR 2.51 (1.40-4.51)] were independently associated with @entity910 . In exploratory analyses, moderate @entity5834 exposure was associated with fewer motor fluctuations, longer symptom duration with more @entity910 , and @entity400 at diagnosis with higher rates of both complications. CONCLUSIONS: In this community-based incident @entity191 cohort, severe @entity910 were rare. Cumulative @entity3034 dose was the strongest predictor of both @entity910 and motor fluctuations.

title: Motor complications in an incident XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['Levodopa', 'levodopa']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Primary @entity706 (PTL) is a rare cause of malignancy that occurs in 0.5% of cases with @entity2621 . The most common subtype is @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . We described the case of a 70-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with @entity1074 in the background of @entity1669 with focal area of @entity1892 transformation. The @entity1 was a 70-year-old @entity1 with rapidly growing mass of the thyroid gland with compressive symptom over two months. The laboratory data revealed @entity1375 with positively anti-thyroid antibodies. The computerized tomography scan showed right thyroid mass extended to anterior @entity6830 and compressed adjacent airway with multiple cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathies. The pathology from incisional biopsy showed extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 of @entity1074 with large cell transformation. The @entity1 received four courses of systemic chemotherapy combined with involved field radiation therapy. The mass was dramatically decreased in size after treatment, leading to a complete resolution of compressive symptoms. @entity706 is quite rare; however the incidence may be higher in @entity1 with @entity2621 . A rapidly growing thyroid gland should be considered as PTL. Chemotherapy and radiation are the mainstays of treatment.

title: Mucosa-associated XXXX with large cell transformation on the background of @entity2621 : a case report and review literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Thyroid lymphoma', 'thyroid lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'B-cell lymphoma', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: Primary @entity706 (PTL) is a rare cause of malignancy that occurs in 0.5% of cases with @entity2621 . The most common subtype is @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), followed by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . We described the case of a 70-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with @entity1074 in the background of @entity1669 with focal area of @entity1892 transformation. The @entity1 was a 70-year-old @entity1 with rapidly growing mass of the thyroid gland with compressive symptom over two months. The laboratory data revealed @entity1375 with positively anti-thyroid antibodies. The computerized tomography scan showed right thyroid mass extended to anterior @entity6830 and compressed adjacent airway with multiple cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathies. The pathology from incisional biopsy showed extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 of @entity1074 with large cell transformation. The @entity1 received four courses of systemic chemotherapy combined with involved field radiation therapy. The mass was dramatically decreased in size after treatment, leading to a complete resolution of compressive symptoms. @entity706 is quite rare; however the incidence may be higher in @entity1 with @entity2621 . A rapidly growing thyroid gland should be considered as PTL. Chemotherapy and radiation are the mainstays of treatment.

title: Mucosa-associated @entity706 with large cell transformation on the background of XXXX : a case report and review literature.

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a case of cervical @entity3949 caused by @entity1184 of the posterior longitudinal ligament (HPLL). SETTING: Department of Neurological Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan. METHODS: The @entity1 had severe @entity2057 in the deltoid and triceps with slight localized hypesthesia in the C5 area and severely unstable gait due to diminished vibration sense in the knees and ankles. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed expanded cord compression from C4 to C6 with intramedullary high-signal intensity due to HPLL. Transverse image MRI was useful to identify the HPLL. RESULTS: Resection of HPLL was achieved by an anterior approach. Histological findings of the surgical specimens showed thickening of the ligamentous tissue with proliferation of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: HPLL should be included as a causative pathology of cervical spondylotic @entity3949 . Careful neurological examination including sensory examination of the lower limbs should be performed to avoid @entity911 with @entity4681 .

title: Cervical amyotrophy caused by XXXX of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: A systematic review of radiation therapy trials in several @entity5 types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for evaluation of the scientific literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 357-365). This synthesis of the literature on radiation therapy for @entity1313 is based on data from 9 randomized trials and 1 meta-analysis. Moreover, data from 2 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies and 4 other articles were used. In total, 19 scientific articles are included, involving 4,266 @entity1 . The results were compared with those of a similar overview from 1996 including 11,252 @entity1 . The conclusions reached can be summarized as follows: The conclusion from SBU 129/2 that curative treatment is not available for @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 (grade III and IV) is still valid. The survival benefit from postoperative radiotherapy compared to supportive care only or chemotherapy is about 3-4 months, as demonstrated in earlier randomized studies. Quality of life is now currently estimated and considered to be of major importance when reporting the outcome of treatment for @entity1 with @entity1313 . There is no scientific evidence that radiotherapy using hyper- and hypofractionation leads to longer survival for @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 than conventional radiotherapy. There is large documentation, but only one randomized study. There is some documentation to support the view that @entity1 with grade IV @entity11 and poor prognosis can be treated with hypofractionation and with an outcome similar to that after conventional fractionation. A shorter treatment time should be convenient for the @entity1 . Documentation of the benefit of a radiotherapy boost with brachytherapy is limited and no conclusion can be drawn. There is no scientific evidence that radiotherapy prolongs life for @entity1 with @entity11 . There are some data supporting that radiotherapy can be used to treat symptoms in @entity1 with @entity11 . As no controlled studies have been reported, no firm conclusion can be drawn.

title: A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: A systematic review of radiation therapy trials in several @entity5 types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for evaluation of the scientific literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 357-365). This synthesis of the literature on radiation therapy for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is based on data from seven randomized trials. Moreover, data from 17 prospective studies, 22 retrospective studies and 27 other articles were used. In total, 73 scientific articles are included, involving 13,305 @entity1 . The results were compared with those of a similar overview from 1996 including 14,137 @entity1 . The conclusions reached can be summarized as follows: @entity706 . Data indicate that one-third to one-half of @entity1 with @entity706 in stage I are cured by radiotherapy (follow-up more than 15 years). Addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy does not indicate any improvement in overall outcome. Optimal radiation dose is not defined and extended field is not superior to involved field. @entity146 . Data indicate that half of the @entity1 in stage I are cured by radiotherapy alone. Although randomized and non-randomized studies favour combined modality treatment with chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy instead of radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone in localized disease, no firm conclusions can be drawn. Conflicting data have been published on the value of radiotherapy towards bulky disease and no firm conclusions can be drawn. Optimal dose for radiation alone or after chemotherapy has not been established. @entity348 ( @entity348 ). The value of @entity348 for treatment of @entity1893 has not been proven. There is no proof that fractionated @entity348 in conjunction with high-dose chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy regimens alone. Primary @entity706 . Data show that radiotherapy induces a response of short duration and is associated with major @entity2359 , especially in elderly @entity1 . High-dose methotrexate therapy seems to lead to longer survival than radiotherapy alone. No randomized trials have been performed. There is fairly good support for primary chemotherapy including high-dose @entity1499 followed by radiotherapy in @entity1 below 60 years. To minimize the risk of @entity2359 of combined modality treatment it has been proposed to use chemotherapy alone and delay radiotherapy for relapse, especially in @entity1 above 60 years, or use it in chemotherapy-resistant disease. Optimal chemotherapy regimen is not defined and the role of radiotherapy remains to be determined. @entity135 . There is some support for combined modality treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for @entity146 in @entity3521 with limited disease. There are sparse data supporting radiotherapy alone in localized @entity706 in salivary glands. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Radioimmunotherapy is a new treatment modality with systemic radiation for @entity1 with @entity1893 , where conventional external beam radiotherapy plays only a minor role. Several phase I and II studies with RIT have documented promising results. A variety of monoclonal antibodies, radionuclides and study designs with both myeloablative and non-myeloablative approach have resulted in high response rates in @entity1 with recurrent or refractory @entity1893 . One randomized clinical trial is published, showing superior therapy results with radiolabelled antibody compared with the corresponding unlabelled antibody.

title: A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphomas', 'indolent lymphoma', 'indolent lymphomas', 'Indolent lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive localized lymphomas', 'aggressive lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'advanced NHL']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heliox is a mixture of @entity26 and @entity31750 which reduces airway resistance in @entity1 with @entity1224 . In clinical practice, @entity1 @entity1353 spontaneously receive heliox via an open circuit. Recently, a semi-closed circuit for heliox administration has been proposed which minimizes consumption of heliox and therefore cost of the heliox therapy; although, the semi-closed circuit is associated with additional costs. The aim of the study is to conduct an economical analysis comparing total cost of heliox therapy using an open versus a semi-closed circuit in spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1 with @entity1224 . METHODS: Four different systems for heliox administration were analyzed: an open circuit and three alternatives of a semi-closed circuit involving a custom made semi-closed circuit and two standard anesthesia machines. Total costs of heliox therapy were calculated for all the systems. For calculation of gas consumption, the clinical procedures limiting continuous heliox therapy including the aerosol therapy, personal hygiene and nutrition were taken into account. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for main input variables that may influence the results of the study. RESULTS: Price of gases consumed by a semi-closed system represents less than 20  % of price of gases when a standard open circuit is used. This represents a saving of approximately 540 EUR per @entity1 . The initial cost of the custom-made semi-closed circuit recuperates after treatment of 18 @entity1 . The corresponding number of @entity1 is 32 when a low-cost anesthesia machine is initially acquired and rises to 69 when a highly advanced anesthesia machine is considered. CONCLUSIONS: Heliox therapy in spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1 using a semi-closed circuit becomes more cost-effective compared to the open circuit, currently used in clinical practice, when applied in a sufficient number of cases. The impact of finding a cheaper way of heliox administration on the clinical practice needs to be ascertained.

title: Delivery of heliox with a semi-closed circuit during spontaneous XXXX : a comparative economic theoretical study.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in @entity1 with concomitant @entity2312 ( @entity2312 ) remains controversial. We assessed the surgical outcome of hepatectomy and aimed to clarify the indications and management of @entity157 in @entity1 with concomitant @entity2312 . METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 502 @entity1 with @entity157 (100 with and 402 without @entity2312 ), who underwent curative hepatectomy. We analyzed the prognostic outcomes and risk factors for @entity2312 after hepatectomy. RESULTS: Overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity2312 than in those without @entity2312 (p  =  0.003), although recurrence-free survival was similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3194 retention test at 15  min (ICGR15) >17  % (p  =  0.007) and a-fetoprotein >12.5  ng/ml (p  =  0.003) was independent predictors of poorer OS. Among @entity1 with @entity2312 who underwent hepatectomy, multivariate analysis identified ICGR15 >17  % (p  =  0.03) as the only independent predictor of poorer OS. There was no significant difference in OS between @entity157 @entity1 with @entity2312 and ICGR15  <=17.0  % and @entity157 @entity1 without @entity2312 . Ten @entity1 experienced @entity2312 after hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative endoscopic findings of blue color @entity2312 (p  =  0.008) and red color sign (p  =  0.0005) were independent predictors of @entity2312 in @entity1 with @entity157 after hepatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity157 @entity1 with @entity2312 and ICGR15  <=17  % may be suitable for surgery, but @entity1 with preoperative endoscopic blue color @entity2312 and red color sign need to be managed appropriately.

title: Surgical Resection for XXXX with Concomitant Esophageal Varices.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal varices', 'EV bleeding', 'EV']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Excessive local @entity172 production in the breast promotes @entity172 -dependent @entity0 . Aromatase is a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis. Aromatase inhibitors used in the treatment of @entity0 are very effective, but indiscriminately reduce @entity172 synthesis in all tissues, causing major side  -effects. It is thus desirable to develop inhibitors that selectively block aromatase and @entity172 production in @entity0 . To this end, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which aromatase is activated in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity1421  (PGE2) and collagen are two important factors in the @entity5 microenvironment, which contribute to @entity5 development and progression. In this study, we show that collagen  -induced aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells (ASCs) was significantly reduced by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide 3  -kinase  (PI3K), IkB kinase (IKK), mitogen  -activated protein kinase kinase ( @entity8047 ), c  -Jun @entity2733  -terminal kinase  (JNK), protein kinase  A  (PKA), and by the knockdown of the @entity11346 and @entity23698 genes. In addition, PGE2  -induced aromatase expression was significantly inhibited by inhibitors of IKK, @entity8047 , JNK, @entity1435 and PKA. These results indicate that the PI3K/ @entity584 /IKK and the mitogen  -activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways are involved in collagen  - and PGE2  -induced aromatase expression, and also suggest that collagen and PGE2  -induced signaling pathways may crosstalk in regulating aromatase expression. This study enhances our understanding on the mechanism of regulation of aromatase expression by collagen and PGE2. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of specific inhibitors of aromatase by exploiting the signaling pathways identified herein in the context of @entity0 .

title: Collagen and XXXX regulate aromatase expression through the PI3K/ @entity584 /IKK and the MAP kinase pathways in adipose stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin  E2']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Excessive local @entity172 production in the breast promotes @entity172 -dependent @entity0 . Aromatase is a key enzyme in @entity172 biosynthesis. Aromatase inhibitors used in the treatment of @entity0 are very effective, but indiscriminately reduce @entity172 synthesis in all tissues, causing major side  -effects. It is thus desirable to develop inhibitors that selectively block aromatase and @entity172 production in @entity0 . To this end, it is important to identify the mechanisms by which aromatase is activated in the @entity5 microenvironment. @entity1421  (PGE2) and collagen are two important factors in the @entity5 microenvironment, which contribute to @entity5 development and progression. In this study, we show that collagen  -induced aromatase expression in adipose stromal cells (ASCs) was significantly reduced by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositide 3  -kinase  (PI3K), IkB kinase (IKK), mitogen  -activated protein kinase kinase ( @entity8047 ), c  -Jun @entity2733  -terminal kinase  (JNK), protein kinase  A  (PKA), and by the knockdown of the @entity11346 and @entity23698 genes. In addition, PGE2  -induced aromatase expression was significantly inhibited by inhibitors of IKK, @entity8047 , JNK, @entity1435 and PKA. These results indicate that the PI3K/ @entity584 /IKK and the mitogen  -activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways are involved in collagen  - and PGE2  -induced aromatase expression, and also suggest that collagen and PGE2  -induced signaling pathways may crosstalk in regulating aromatase expression. This study enhances our understanding on the mechanism of regulation of aromatase expression by collagen and PGE2. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the development of specific inhibitors of aromatase by exploiting the signaling pathways identified herein in the context of @entity0 .

title: Collagen and @entity1421 regulate aromatase expression through the PI3K/ XXXX /IKK and the MAP kinase pathways in adipose stromal cells.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: PURPOSE: Both incidence and mortality rates for @entity263 are significantly higher in African American @entity1 than in white @entity1 . This report identifies community sites for the optimal recruitment of African American @entity1 into @entity263 screening. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY: A descriptive study was conducted, providing an educational program to 1369 African American @entity1 , 1264 of whom completed a survey on demographic data, @entity263 knowledge, and @entity263 screening history. The programs were offered at six different types of community sites, including various work sites, churches, housing projects, National Association for Advancement of Colored @entity1 (NAACP) sites, barber shops, and a state fairground. Free @entity263 screening was offered to all @entity1 . RESULTS: The advertised mass screening site (state fairground), the most common method used nationally to recruit African American @entity1 for @entity5 screening, was the least effective site, with only 16 @entity1 completing the survey. Of the 1264 @entity1 completing the survey at all community sites, 597 @entity1 (47%) did so at work sites and 438 (35%) did so at churches. Per site, the largest percentage of @entity1 who had never been screened was at work sites (n = 276, 46%) and NAACP sites (n = 22, 33.8%). The highest percentage of @entity1 who obtained free screening were at the state fairground (14 of 16), churches (256 of 438), and work sites (336 of 597). The most @entity263 were detected at the housing projects, where 3 of 38 (7.9%) @entity1 who were screened received diagnoses of @entity263 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: To reduce prostate mortality rates in African American @entity1 , healthcare providers need to make a concerted effort to increase @entity263 education and screening in this population. To be effective, recruitment of African American @entity1 must move from a provider/health site orientation to a consumer/community orientation. These findings indicate that recruitment strategies are more successful if efforts are based in the community or where a large number of African American @entity1 live and/or work. Because a history of screening has been shown to be a predictor for current participation, programs need to target @entity1 who have not had previous screening ever or within the last year. In addition, the large percentage of @entity1 recruited at work sites who had not been screened previously indicates an opportunity for collaboration with healthcare professionals in employee health programs. Efforts to increase participation in @entity263 screening will be enhanced significantly by eliciting the active involvement of community leaders.

title: Recruitment of African Americans into XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if and when female adolescents choosing depot @entity7839 would return for a second visit for initiation of the method. DESIGN/SETTING: Retrospective chart review at an adolescent clinic in an urban health department in St. Louis, MO. @entity1 : Female adolescents aged 12-19 years old, at the initial or annual family planning visit, who chose depot @entity7839 ( @entity12135 ) as their contraceptive choice but were unable to get the initial injection on the day of the visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time to return visit. RESULTS: A total of 144 subjects were included in the analysis. 92% or 133 subjects returned for a second visit. The average time to return visit was over 3 months, or 104 days (range 1-650 days). Teens who returned in less than 1 month were more likely to receive a hormonal contraceptive method. Only 68% of all returning teens received @entity12135 while 7% became pregnant prior to their return. CONCLUSION: Protocols requiring a second visit for initiation of @entity12135 serve as a barrier to contraceptive care.

title: Adolescents' compliance with return visits for depot XXXX initiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7839 :: ('MESH:D008525', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone']

answer: @entity7839 :: (MESH:D008525,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of esophagectomy @entity1 after curative surgery. DESIGN: Longitudinal, descriptive pilot study. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center in the northeastern United States. SAMPLE: 23 @entity1 were surveyed: 20 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 . The mean age was 62.3 years. METHODS: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (version 2.0) and the esophageal-specific module were used. Data collection included three or four time points: before neoadjuvant treatment (if administered), before surgery, and three and six months after surgery. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: The effects on symptoms and QOL of curative esophagectomy performed by a thoracic surgical oncologist. FINDINGS: Global QOL declined slightly over time; this change was not statistically significant. A significant inverse relationship was found between symptom intensity and global QOL. The intensity of hoarseness, reflux, and @entity294 increased significantly pre- to postsurgery. The average symptom intensity for the esophageal-specific subset of 24 symptoms increased significantly over time; the greatest intensity was found before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Over the six-month observation period, the study found little average change in global QOL or functional status. However, symptoms increased significantly during this time period. Increased symptoms were associated with decreased QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Symptom management should focus on symptoms that interfere with @entity1 ' QOL. Further research should target the evaluation of specific interventions for symptoms.

title: Quality of life after esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantitatively analyze the @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) in @entity1 with @entity616 and @entity1539 . DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: We measured the @entity8707 in 318 eyes of 318 @entity1 who had been diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy as having either @entity616 or @entity1539 . @entity616 @entity1 were all preiridotomy and @entity1539 @entity1 were all postiridotomy. Anterior chamber depth was measured axially from the internal corneal surface to the lens surface using the ultrasound instrument's internal measuring capability. RESULTS: The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity1539 (n = 181) was significantly smaller than the hypothesized normal @entity8707 (2.04 +/- 0.30 mm vs 3.0 mm, P =.0001). The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity616 (n = 137) was also significantly smaller than the hypothesized normal @entity8707 (2.17 +/- 0.30 mm vs 3.0 mm, P =.0001). The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity1539 was significantly smaller than the @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity616 (2.04 +/- 0.30 mm vs 2.17 +/- 0.30 mm, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Review of the literature suggests that @entity1 with @entity1539 have a normal or deeper axial @entity8707 compared with @entity616 . This study found that the @entity8707 associated with @entity1539 is shallower than normal and also shallower than in @entity616 .

title: Anterior chamber depth in XXXX and @entity616 as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['plateau iris syndrome', 'plateau iris']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Pupillary block', 'pupillary block']

answer: @entity1539 :: (MESH:D007499,Disease) :: ['plateau iris syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantitatively analyze the @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) in @entity1 with @entity616 and @entity1539 . DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS: We measured the @entity8707 in 318 eyes of 318 @entity1 who had been diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy as having either @entity616 or @entity1539 . @entity616 @entity1 were all preiridotomy and @entity1539 @entity1 were all postiridotomy. Anterior chamber depth was measured axially from the internal corneal surface to the lens surface using the ultrasound instrument's internal measuring capability. RESULTS: The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity1539 (n = 181) was significantly smaller than the hypothesized normal @entity8707 (2.04 +/- 0.30 mm vs 3.0 mm, P =.0001). The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity616 (n = 137) was also significantly smaller than the hypothesized normal @entity8707 (2.17 +/- 0.30 mm vs 3.0 mm, P =.0001). The mean @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity1539 was significantly smaller than the @entity8707 in @entity1 with @entity616 (2.04 +/- 0.30 mm vs 2.17 +/- 0.30 mm, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Review of the literature suggests that @entity1 with @entity1539 have a normal or deeper axial @entity8707 compared with @entity616 . This study found that the @entity8707 associated with @entity1539 is shallower than normal and also shallower than in @entity616 .

title: Anterior chamber depth in @entity1539 and XXXX as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy.

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['pupillary block']


abstract: Many behaviorally relevant sounds, including language, are composed of brief, rapid, repetitive acoustic features. Recent studies suggest that abnormalities in producing and understanding spoken language are correlated with abnormal neural responsiveness to such auditory stimuli at higher auditory levels [Tallal et al., Science 271 (1996) 81-84; Wright et al., Nature 387 (1997) 176-178; Nagarajan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 (1999) 6483-6488] and with abnormal anatomical features in the auditory thalamus [Galaburda et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 8010-8013]. To begin to understand potential mechanisms for normal and abnormal transfer of sensory information to the cortex, we recorded the intracellular responses of medial geniculate body thalamocortical neurons in a @entity35 brain slice preparation. Inferior colliculus or corticothalamic axons were excited by pairs or trains of electrical stimuli. Neurons receiving only excitatory collicular input had tufted dendritic morphology and displayed strong @entity308 of their large, short-latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials. In contrast, geniculate neurons receiving excitatory and inhibitory collicular inputs could have stellate or tufted morphology and displayed much weaker @entity308 or even paired-pulse facilitation of their smaller, longer-latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials. @entity308 was not blocked by ionotropic @entity2227 , @entity1246 (A) or @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonists. Facilitation was unaffected by @entity1246 (A) receptor antagonists but was diminished by @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor blockade. Similar stimulation of the corticothalamic input always elicited paired-pulse facilitation. The @entity143 -independent facilitation of the second cortical excitatory postsynaptic potential lasted longer and was more pronounced than that seen for the excitatory collicular inputs. Paired-pulse stimulation of isolated collicular inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generated little change in the second @entity1246 (A) potential amplitude measured from the resting potential, but the @entity1246 (B) amplitude was sensitive to the interstimulus interval. Train stimuli applied to collicular or cortical inputs generated intra-train responses that were often predicted by their paired-pulse behavior. Long-lasting responses following train stimulation of the collicular inputs were uncommon. In contrast, corticothalamic inputs often generated long-lasting depolarizing responses that were dependent on activation of a metabotropic @entity2227 receptor. Our results demonstrate that during repetitive afferent firing there are input-specific mechanisms controlling synaptic strength and membrane potential over short and long time scales. Furthermore, they suggest that there may be two classes of excitatory collicular input to medial geniculate neurons and a single class of small-terminal corticothalamic inputs, each of which has distinct features.

title: Effects of paired-pulse and repetitive stimulation on neurons in the XXXX medial geniculate body.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'paired-pulse depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several reports in the literature have shown that, compared with @entity4348 , @entity1 with papillary serous (PS) and clear cell (CC) histologic features do worse. However, it is unclear whether the outcome of PS/CC @entity5 is different from that of poorly differentiated @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome between PS/CC and endometrioid International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade 3 @entity5 and was limited to @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between November 1987 and September 1999, 83 @entity1 with @entity1204 and @entity1204 were treated with simple hysterectomy and high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy. Forty-one @entity1 (49%) had FIGO Grade 3 @entity5 (Group 1) and 42 (51%) had PS/CC histologic features (Group 2). The mean age was 63 years (range 30-89). Comprehensive surgical staging was done in 23 (28%) of 83 @entity1 . Capillary space-like invasion (CSLI) was seen in 24 (29%) of 83 @entity1 . The median dose of intravaginal brachytherapy when used alone was 21 Gy in 3 fractions. Additional external beam radiotherapy was given to 42 (51%) of 83 @entity1 to 45 Gy. The two groups were balanced with regard to age, race, comprehensive surgical staging, amount of myometrial involvement, CSLI, lower uterine segment involvement, cervical involvement, and use of external beam radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 46 months (range 4-147). RESULTS: The pattern of relapse was as follows: vagina/pelvis in 5 of 14 @entity1 , lungs in 8 of 15, intra-abdominal in 4 of 12, and supraclavicular lymph nodes in 1 of 14. One of the four intra-abdominal disseminations was in Group 1 and the other three in Group 2 (p = 0.6). The 5-year vaginal/pelvic control, disease-free survival (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87-99%), 79% (95% CI 69-89%), and 74% (95% CI 64-85%), respectively. No significant difference in outcome was found between Groups 1 and 2. The 5-year vaginal/pelvic control rate was 97% (95% CI 91-100%) in Group 1 compared with 90% (95% CI 81-99%) in Group 2 (p = 0.2). The 5-year DFS rate was 79% (95% CI 64-95%) in Group 1 vs. 78% (95% CI 65-92%) in Group 2 (p = 0.6), and the 5-year @entity1349 rate was 71% (95% CI 55-87%) in Group 1 vs. 79% (95% CI 66-92%) in Group 2 (p = 0.3). The influence on outcome of age, race, comprehensive surgical staging, CSLI, amount of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lower uterine segment involvement, and presence of pure PS or CC histologic features was evaluated. On multivariate analysis, only CSLI correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.04; relative risk 3, 95% CI 1-9) and @entity1349 (p = 0.02; relative risk 3, 95% CI 1-6). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of this study, no significant difference in outcome exists between @entity1 with Stage I-II @entity1204 with PS/CC histologic features and those with similar stage disease, but with FIGO Grade 3 endometrioid histologic features. CSLI was the only independent predictor of poor DFS and @entity1349 .

title: Is there a difference in outcome between stage I-II XXXX of papillary serous/clear cell and endometrioid FIGO Grade 3 @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancer', 'Stage II occult endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid tumors', 'cancer', 'endometrioid cancer', 'Stage I-II uterine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several reports in the literature have shown that, compared with @entity4348 , @entity1 with papillary serous (PS) and clear cell (CC) histologic features do worse. However, it is unclear whether the outcome of PS/CC @entity5 is different from that of poorly differentiated @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome between PS/CC and endometrioid International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade 3 @entity5 and was limited to @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between November 1987 and September 1999, 83 @entity1 with @entity1204 and @entity1204 were treated with simple hysterectomy and high-dose-rate intravaginal brachytherapy. Forty-one @entity1 (49%) had FIGO Grade 3 @entity5 (Group 1) and 42 (51%) had PS/CC histologic features (Group 2). The mean age was 63 years (range 30-89). Comprehensive surgical staging was done in 23 (28%) of 83 @entity1 . Capillary space-like invasion (CSLI) was seen in 24 (29%) of 83 @entity1 . The median dose of intravaginal brachytherapy when used alone was 21 Gy in 3 fractions. Additional external beam radiotherapy was given to 42 (51%) of 83 @entity1 to 45 Gy. The two groups were balanced with regard to age, race, comprehensive surgical staging, amount of myometrial involvement, CSLI, lower uterine segment involvement, cervical involvement, and use of external beam radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 46 months (range 4-147). RESULTS: The pattern of relapse was as follows: vagina/pelvis in 5 of 14 @entity1 , lungs in 8 of 15, intra-abdominal in 4 of 12, and supraclavicular lymph nodes in 1 of 14. One of the four intra-abdominal disseminations was in Group 1 and the other three in Group 2 (p = 0.6). The 5-year vaginal/pelvic control, disease-free survival (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87-99%), 79% (95% CI 69-89%), and 74% (95% CI 64-85%), respectively. No significant difference in outcome was found between Groups 1 and 2. The 5-year vaginal/pelvic control rate was 97% (95% CI 91-100%) in Group 1 compared with 90% (95% CI 81-99%) in Group 2 (p = 0.2). The 5-year DFS rate was 79% (95% CI 64-95%) in Group 1 vs. 78% (95% CI 65-92%) in Group 2 (p = 0.6), and the 5-year @entity1349 rate was 71% (95% CI 55-87%) in Group 1 vs. 79% (95% CI 66-92%) in Group 2 (p = 0.3). The influence on outcome of age, race, comprehensive surgical staging, CSLI, amount of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lower uterine segment involvement, and presence of pure PS or CC histologic features was evaluated. On multivariate analysis, only CSLI correlated with poor DFS (p = 0.04; relative risk 3, 95% CI 1-9) and @entity1349 (p = 0.02; relative risk 3, 95% CI 1-6). CONCLUSION: On the basis of the results of this study, no significant difference in outcome exists between @entity1 with Stage I-II @entity1204 with PS/CC histologic features and those with similar stage disease, but with FIGO Grade 3 endometrioid histologic features. CSLI was the only independent predictor of poor DFS and @entity1349 .

title: Is there a difference in outcome between stage I-II @entity1204 of papillary serous/clear cell and endometrioid FIGO Grade 3 XXXX ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise is an important therapeutic tool in the management of @entity6 in older @entity1 . Aim of this study was to assess the relationship among @entity2175 , sport, overweight, and symptomatic @entity924 in elderly subjects. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 suffering from @entity924 and thirty-eight controls were enrolled. The prevalence of @entity6 and sport practice as well as BMI and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were registered. An ultrasound evaluation of Achilles tendon was performed. RESULTS: @entity1 showed an increased prevalence of @entity6 (42 vs. 13.1  %, p  =  0.004), and practice of sport (60.5 vs. 28.9  %, p  =  0.0001), and higher BMI values (26.8      3 vs. 24.8      2.3, p  =  0.001). Sonographic abnormalities, being diagnostic criteria, were present in all the @entity1 with @entity924 , but signs of @entity528 were also found in 36.8  % of asymptomatic controls. Symptomatic subjects with @entity6 , compared to those without, showed a higher prevalence of severe @entity528 (75 vs. 36.3  %, p  =  0.01). HbA1c values were significantly lower in sport practitioners, both @entity6 and non- @entity6 . Moreover, @entity1 practicing sport showed a trend towards lower BMI values, compared to the sedentary counterpart. CONCLUSIONS: Sport practice in elderly @entity6 provides relevant metabolic advantages, reducing @entity4051 c and BMI. However, some sport activities (e.g., speed walking, jogging or tennis) can expose to the risk of @entity924 . So, sport practice should be encouraged, but practitioners should follow individual training programs and be submitted to periodic sonographic controls.

title: XXXX in elderly subjects with @entity2175 : the role of sport activities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise is an important therapeutic tool in the management of @entity6 in older @entity1 . Aim of this study was to assess the relationship among @entity2175 , sport, overweight, and symptomatic @entity924 in elderly subjects. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 suffering from @entity924 and thirty-eight controls were enrolled. The prevalence of @entity6 and sport practice as well as BMI and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) values were registered. An ultrasound evaluation of Achilles tendon was performed. RESULTS: @entity1 showed an increased prevalence of @entity6 (42 vs. 13.1  %, p  =  0.004), and practice of sport (60.5 vs. 28.9  %, p  =  0.0001), and higher BMI values (26.8      3 vs. 24.8      2.3, p  =  0.001). Sonographic abnormalities, being diagnostic criteria, were present in all the @entity1 with @entity924 , but signs of @entity528 were also found in 36.8  % of asymptomatic controls. Symptomatic subjects with @entity6 , compared to those without, showed a higher prevalence of severe @entity528 (75 vs. 36.3  %, p  =  0.01). HbA1c values were significantly lower in sport practitioners, both @entity6 and non- @entity6 . Moreover, @entity1 practicing sport showed a trend towards lower BMI values, compared to the sedentary counterpart. CONCLUSIONS: Sport practice in elderly @entity6 provides relevant metabolic advantages, reducing @entity4051 c and BMI. However, some sport activities (e.g., speed walking, jogging or tennis) can expose to the risk of @entity924 . So, sport practice should be encouraged, but practitioners should follow individual training programs and be submitted to periodic sonographic controls.

title: @entity924 in elderly subjects with XXXX : the role of sport activities.

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: ABSTRACT    Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Buchenavia tomentosa extract and bioactive compounds on six Candida species. MATERIALS _ METHODS: The antimicrobial activity of extract was evaluated using standard strains and clinical isolates. @entity137 was tested in order to evaluate cell damage caused by the extract. Extract was chemically characterized and the antifungal activity of its compounds was evaluated. RESULTS: Extract showed antifungal activity on Candida species. Candida non-albicans were more susceptible than @entity5132 . Low @entity137 for extract was observed. The isolated compounds presented antifungal activity at least against one Candida spp. and all compounds presented antifungal effect on @entity7408 . CONCLUSION: Extracts from Buchenavia tomentosa showed promising antifungal activity on Candida species with low @entity137 . @entity11676 , @entity34785 and @entity13983 showed promising inhibitory activity on @entity7408 .

title: Antifungal activity of extracts and isolated compounds from Buchenavia tomentosa on XXXX and non-albicans.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13983 :: ('MESH:D004610', 'Chemical') :: ['ellagic acid']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity34785 :: ('MESH:C049096', 'Chemical') :: ['corilagin']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallic acid']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1086 is suspected preoperatively in only 30 % of all @entity1 , while the remaining 70 % of cases are discovered incidentally by the pathologist. The increasing rate of cholecystectomies via laparoscopy has led to the detection of more @entity1086 in an early stage, and extended resection with regional lymph node dissection has been suggested. We present a video of a totally laparoscopic liver resection (segments 5 and 4b) with regional lymphadenectomy in a @entity1 with an incidental @entity1086 . METHODS: A 50-year-old @entity1 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and pathology revealed a T1b @entity1086 . The @entity1 was referred for further treatment. Contact with the primary surgeon revealed that no intraoperative cholangiogram was performed, and the gallbladder was removed intact, with no perforation, and inside a plastic retrieval bag. Pathology revision confirmed T1b, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography was negative. The multidisciplinary @entity5 board recommended radical re-resection, and a decision was made to perform a laparoscopic extended hilar lymphadenectomy, along the resection of segments 5 and 4b. RESULTS: Operative time was 5 h, with an estimated @entity190 of 240 mL. Recovery was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. Final pathology showed no @entity66 and no lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic resection of liver segments 5 and 4b combined with a locoregional lymphadenectomy of the hepatoduodenal ligament is an oncologically appropriate technique, provided it is performed in a specialized center with experience in hepatobiliary surgery and advanced laparoscopic surgery. This video may help oncological surgeons to perform this complex procedure.

title: Totally Laparoscopic Hepatic Bisegmentectomy (s4b+s5) and Hilar Lymphadenectomy for Incidental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancer', 'gallbladder cancers', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder Cancer']