abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the postural changes of the intraocular pressure and the @entity227 in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . METHODS: Eleven normal subjects and 11 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured in both the sitting and the supine positions. Visual fields were measured with automated perimetry. RESULTS: When @entity1 moved from a sitting to supine position, the intraocular pressure increased by an average of 3.1 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) in normal subjects and 4.0 +/- 0.2 mm Hg in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . There was a significant difference between the normal subjects and @entity1 with primary @entity1538 (P = 0.049). Intraocular pressure increased by 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (P = 0.02) in the worse eye for mean deviation and 3.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (P = 0.38) in the better eye for mean deviation. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure in the sitting position between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest difference in intraocular pressure between the sitting and supine positions was observed in the worse eye of @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . This result suggests that damage to the optic nerve in primary @entity1538 might occur when @entity1 are asleep in the supine position.

title: Relationship between postural change of the intraocular pressure and XXXX in primary @entity1538 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the postural changes of the intraocular pressure and the @entity227 in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . METHODS: Eleven normal subjects and 11 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 were studied. Intraocular pressure was measured in both the sitting and the supine positions. Visual fields were measured with automated perimetry. RESULTS: When @entity1 moved from a sitting to supine position, the intraocular pressure increased by an average of 3.1 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) in normal subjects and 4.0 +/- 0.2 mm Hg in @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . There was a significant difference between the normal subjects and @entity1 with primary @entity1538 (P = 0.049). Intraocular pressure increased by 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (P = 0.02) in the worse eye for mean deviation and 3.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (P = 0.38) in the better eye for mean deviation. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure in the sitting position between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The greatest difference in intraocular pressure between the sitting and supine positions was observed in the worse eye of @entity1 with primary @entity1538 . This result suggests that damage to the optic nerve in primary @entity1538 might occur when @entity1 are asleep in the supine position.

title: Relationship between postural change of the intraocular pressure and @entity227 in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the Achilles tendon is frequent in @entity5144 , but it is easily missed at clinical examination. OBJECTIVE: To seek evidence of @entity427 by means of sonography in psoriatic @entity1 and to correlate sonographic findings with clinical symptoms (tendon and soft-tissue swelling, @entity158 , and difficulty in walking). METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1569 (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, 3.7-34.7) and 50 healthy, aged-matched volunteers underwent clinical and sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendons and peritendinous structures. RESULTS: Eighteen (30.5%) of the 59 @entity1 had clinical symptoms of @entity924 . Thirty-five (59.3%) of the @entity1 had sonographic abnormalities. Of these, 13 @entity1 had clinically symptomatic abnormalities, and 11 had @entity5144 . @entity179 was the most frequent sonographic finding (76.9%) among @entity1 with symptomatic conditions. Five @entity1 with symptoms did not have sonographic alterations. None of the controls had clinical or sonographic changes. CONCLUSIONS: In psoriatic @entity1 @entity427 cannot be excluded even when they are clinically absent.

title: XXXX in @entity1569 : clinical and sonographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque-type psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon abnormalities']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the Achilles tendon is frequent in @entity5144 , but it is easily missed at clinical examination. OBJECTIVE: To seek evidence of @entity427 by means of sonography in psoriatic @entity1 and to correlate sonographic findings with clinical symptoms (tendon and soft-tissue swelling, @entity158 , and difficulty in walking). METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1569 (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, 3.7-34.7) and 50 healthy, aged-matched volunteers underwent clinical and sonographic evaluation of Achilles tendons and peritendinous structures. RESULTS: Eighteen (30.5%) of the 59 @entity1 had clinical symptoms of @entity924 . Thirty-five (59.3%) of the @entity1 had sonographic abnormalities. Of these, 13 @entity1 had clinically symptomatic abnormalities, and 11 had @entity5144 . @entity179 was the most frequent sonographic finding (76.9%) among @entity1 with symptomatic conditions. Five @entity1 with symptoms did not have sonographic alterations. None of the controls had clinical or sonographic changes. CONCLUSIONS: In psoriatic @entity1 @entity427 cannot be excluded even when they are clinically absent.

title: @entity924 in XXXX : clinical and sonographic findings.

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Mucins are the dominant component in the protective mucus layer on mucosal surfaces including the larynx. Hence, they are part of the first line of defence against external stimuli including effect of smoking in the larynx. We asked whether existing published evidence supported the hypothesis that alteration in mucins expression/production is related to the laryngeal neoplastic process. The objective of this study is to review published evidence for mucins having an important role in normal laryngeal physiology and the development of @entity957 (SCC). We aimed to review all available literature on mucins in the larynx in order to develop hypotheses to be tested by future research. Thereby, new potential means of prevention and treatment of @entity5 may be developed. A systematic search of all published literature was conducted. Systematic searches were done in the following databases: AMED, BNI, EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE from their respective inception up to 11 February 2011. The following keywords were used in combination: mucin, @entity957 . Altogether, 53 studies were identified; 43 studies were excluded following screening of the titles and abstracts. Full text manuscripts for ten studies were obtained for detailed evaluation and five studies were included in this review. No single study fulfilled all relevant criteria. Based on the included studies, we now know that @entity2355 is definitely expressed in SCC larynx. However, there is no definitive evidence to suggest that @entity2355 and @entity5091 are aberrantly expressed in SCC larynx as compared to normal larynx. Further studies using the best available detection technique to detect @entity2355 , @entity5091 and other possible relevant mucins i.e., @entity5088 on adequate numbers of normal and SCC specimens are needed to confirm the findings of this review.

title: What role do mucins have in the development of XXXX ? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['larynx and squamous cell carcinoma', 'laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity4786 is a hereditary @entity74 with high rates of de novo mutations, and carries a high risk of @entity5 . It affects both sexes and all races and ethnic groups. It is characterized by multiple cutaneous lesions and @entity5 , both benign and malignant, especially in the nervous system. We report a 52-year-old @entity1 with a type 1 @entity4786 , presenting with @entity221 , @entity1087 and @entity353 . On physical examination, the @entity1 was @entity1087 and had "caf   au lait" spots in the skin. A magnetic resonance imaging showed bile duct dilation and a possible @entity189 . The @entity1 was operated, during the exploration she presented a @entity5 and multiple small nodular lesions in the stomach, the @entity5 was resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy and the nodular gastric lesions were biopsied. The pathological study revealed a combined @entity8799 . The study of the stomach lesions revealed a @entity674 . Four months after surgery, the @entity1 is in good condition.

title: [Combined periampullary adenocarcinoma and @entity5 in type 1 XXXX : report of one case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine duodenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'periampullary tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis', 'neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: @entity4786 is a hereditary @entity74 with high rates of de novo mutations, and carries a high risk of @entity5 . It affects both sexes and all races and ethnic groups. It is characterized by multiple cutaneous lesions and @entity5 , both benign and malignant, especially in the nervous system. We report a 52-year-old @entity1 with a type 1 @entity4786 , presenting with @entity221 , @entity1087 and @entity353 . On physical examination, the @entity1 was @entity1087 and had "caf   au lait" spots in the skin. A magnetic resonance imaging showed bile duct dilation and a possible @entity189 . The @entity1 was operated, during the exploration she presented a @entity5 and multiple small nodular lesions in the stomach, the @entity5 was resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy and the nodular gastric lesions were biopsied. The pathological study revealed a combined @entity8799 . The study of the stomach lesions revealed a @entity674 . Four months after surgery, the @entity1 is in good condition.

title: [Combined periampullary adenocarcinoma and XXXX in type 1 @entity4786 : report of one case].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) is a disease-specific questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life. The main objective of this study is to assess three main areas of the validation of the Greek IBDQ: internal validity, designating items to dimensions, and selecting items for a short form. An additional aim is to present alternative validation methods for improved and robust results. METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with @entity8787 , including 74 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 60 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), completed the Greek IBDQ. Internal validity was assessed by using standard methods and multiple correlation analysis. Factor analysis of the 32 items of the questionnaire was carried out to identify the underlying dimensions, using principal factor analysis and maximal likelihood. For selecting items for a short form, three methods of linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: All items had adequate convergent validity (except item 11 in the @entity30 group) and acceptable discriminant validity (except item 11 for both groups). Factor analysis yielded five factors (emotional function, social function, systemic symptoms, bowel symptoms, and abdominal symptoms). The combination of three regression techniques and their internal validity yielded two similar but distinct short forms, one for @entity31 and one for @entity30 . Both forms had high correlation with the total IBDQ score (R(2) = 0.949 and 0.977, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Greek IBDQ had good internal validity. The original designation in four dimensions and the original short form could be improved with only slight modifications.

title: Improved validation of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and development of a short form in Greek XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The study was conducted to look at the effectiveness of a multimicronutrient-fortified complementary food on the micronutrient status, linear growth and psychomotor development of 6- to 12-month-old @entity1 from a black urban disadvantaged community in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study was designed as an intervention study. In both the experimental and control groups, serum @entity904 concentration showed a decline over the intervention period of 6 months. The decline was less pronounced in the experimental group. This resulted in a significantly (P<005) higher serum @entity904 concentration at 12 months in the experimental group (26.8+/-5.8 microg/dl) compared with the control group (21.4+/-5 microg/dl). Serum @entity68 concentration also declined over the intervention period. The decline was less pronounced in the experimental group. No difference was observed in haemoglobin levels between the groups at 12 months. Serum @entity219 concentration did not differ significantly between the two groups at follow up. @entity1017 over the 6 months period did not differ significantly between the experimental (2.1+/-0.9 kg) and control groups (2.1+/-1.2 kg). There was no difference in linear growth between the experimental (10.0+/-1.5 cm) and control group (10.1+/-2.1 cm) at the end of the follow-up period. Weight and length at 6 months significantly predicted weight and length at 12 months. No difference was observed in psychomotor developmental scores between the two groups after 6 months of intervention. Introducing a multimicronutrient-fortified complementary food into the diet of 6- to 12-month-old @entity1 seemed to have an arresting effect on declining serum @entity904 and @entity68 concentration in the experimental group. No benefit was observed in serum @entity219 concentration, linear growth and psychomotor development.

title: The effect of a micronutrient-fortified complementary food on micronutrient status, growth and development of 6- to 12-month-old disadvantaged urban South African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity3458 ( @entity15838 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity15838 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity10355 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity5538 analog @entity11508 ( @entity11508 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity11508 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity15838 pathophysiology without @entity137 . Eight symptomatic @entity15838 @entity1 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity1862 received @entity11508 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity432 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity10355 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity11508 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity15838 and @entity2395 are indicated.

title: Effects of @entity11508 on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity10355 :: ('3047', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-Globin', 'gamma-globin']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine", 'decitabine']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity3458 ( @entity15838 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity15838 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity10355 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity5538 analog @entity11508 ( @entity11508 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity11508 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity15838 pathophysiology without @entity137 . Eight symptomatic @entity15838 @entity1 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity1862 received @entity11508 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity432 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity10355 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity11508 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity15838 and @entity2395 are indicated.

title: Effects of XXXX on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in @entity1 with @entity3458 .

answer: @entity11508 :: (MESH:C014347,Chemical) :: ['5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine']


abstract: Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) decreases polymerization of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and improves outcomes in @entity3458 ( @entity15838 ). Therefore, a therapeutic goal in @entity15838 is pharmacologic reactivation of HbF. Silencing of the @entity10355 (HbF) gene is associated with DNA methylation. The @entity5538 analog @entity11508 ( @entity11508 ) hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase. We examined if subcutaneous @entity11508 could increase HbF levels and improve @entity15838 pathophysiology without @entity137 . Eight symptomatic @entity15838 @entity1 resistant or intolerant of standard treatment with @entity1862 received @entity11508 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously 1 to 3 times per week in 2 cycles of 6-week duration. Treatment decreased neutrophils and increased mean HbF (6.5% to 20.4%, P <.0001) and mean total hemoglobin (76 to 96 g/L [7.6 to 9.6 g/dL], P <.001). Features of @entity432 pathophysiology such as red cell adhesion, endothelial damage, and coagulation pathway activity significantly improved. @entity10355 gene promoter methylation decreased, and platelets and the proportion of megakaryocytes and erythroid cells in the marrow increased without a decrease in marrow cellularity, consistent with a DNA hypomethylating, noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Weekly subcutaneous @entity11508 produces cumulative increases in HbF and total hemoglobin through a noncytotoxic mechanism of action. Chronic dosing and sustained increases in hemoglobin F and total hemoglobin levels may be possible. Further studies in @entity15838 and @entity2395 are indicated.

title: Effects of @entity11508 on fetal hemoglobin levels, red cell adhesion, and hematopoietic differentiation in XXXX with @entity3458 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity840 inhaling 10% @entity515 , 19% O2, and 71 N2 increase their tidal volume (VT) by a factor of 2 to 3 and their respiratory frequency (f) by a factor of 1.2 to 1.5 above their normal values while breathing room air. While exposing @entity840 to 10% @entity515 , a variety of aerosols can be added to determine how they modify the normal ventilatory response to this agent. Aerosols of @entity5402 , @entity750 , or @entity1169 all decreased VT of @entity840 when added to 10% @entity515 . We propose here that chemicals evoking reductions in tidal volume can be classified into two groups based on the set of concurrent respiratory responses. Those chemicals evoking "obstruction," not only reduced VT but also decreased (f), increased resistance to airflow in conducting airways, and interrupted airflow. The prototype of this family would be @entity5402 . The second group of chemicals evoked what is described as "reflex restriction." These agents reduced VT but increased f and lowered resistance to airflow. @entity1169 would be the prototype for this family. @entity750 , however, evoked both types of response patterns which were time dependent. At the beginning of exposure, obstruction was prevalent while at the end of a 30-min exposure, reflex restriction was prevalent.

title: A method to classify airborne chemicals which alter the normal ventilatory response induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: Previously, we showed that heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 ( @entity61 ) mRNA levels dramatically increase in @entity19 uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as they undergo decidualization in vivo. However, to date, little is known about the expression and function of this transcription factor in @entity19 or @entity1 uterus decidualization. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a more detailed assessment of @entity61 gene expression and function in the @entity19 uterus during the peri-implantation period and also in @entity19 plus @entity1 ESCs during decidualization in vitro. The results show that @entity61 mRNA and protein levels increase in the @entity19 uterus during decidualization and this does not depend on the presence of a conceptus. Interestingly, @entity61 mRNA and protein are present in ESCs adjacent to the luminal epithelium in the uterus prior to the onset of implantation. We find that @entity1420 is likely a regulator of @entity61 expression during uterine sensitization of the @entity19 uterus. Finally, @entity61 expression increases in @entity19 and @entity1 fibroblast cells as they undergo decidualization in vitro. This expression is significantly increased in response to @entity1421 . In particular, reduction of @entity61 expression in these cells using small hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA approaches results in the reduced extent of decidualization as shown by the reduced expression of a subset of decidualization markers. The results of this study support the hypothesis that @entity61 expression not only plays an important role in decidualization but may also play a role in obtaining proper @entity1420 -dependent uterine sensitization required for implantation to begin.

title: Evidence for a conserved function of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 in XXXX and @entity1 decidualization.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Previously, we showed that heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 ( @entity61 ) mRNA levels dramatically increase in @entity19 uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) as they undergo decidualization in vivo. However, to date, little is known about the expression and function of this transcription factor in @entity19 or @entity1 uterus decidualization. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide a more detailed assessment of @entity61 gene expression and function in the @entity19 uterus during the peri-implantation period and also in @entity19 plus @entity1 ESCs during decidualization in vitro. The results show that @entity61 mRNA and protein levels increase in the @entity19 uterus during decidualization and this does not depend on the presence of a conceptus. Interestingly, @entity61 mRNA and protein are present in ESCs adjacent to the luminal epithelium in the uterus prior to the onset of implantation. We find that @entity1420 is likely a regulator of @entity61 expression during uterine sensitization of the @entity19 uterus. Finally, @entity61 expression increases in @entity19 and @entity1 fibroblast cells as they undergo decidualization in vitro. This expression is significantly increased in response to @entity1421 . In particular, reduction of @entity61 expression in these cells using small hairpin RNA or small interfering RNA approaches results in the reduced extent of decidualization as shown by the reduced expression of a subset of decidualization markers. The results of this study support the hypothesis that @entity61 expression not only plays an important role in decidualization but may also play a role in obtaining proper @entity1420 -dependent uterine sensitization required for implantation to begin.

title: Evidence for a conserved function of heart and neural crest derivatives expressed transcript 2 in @entity19 and XXXX decidualization.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The minute ventilation (VE)- @entity544 output (VCO(2)) relationship has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in the @entity712 ( @entity712 ) population. However, the method by which the VE/VCO(2) slope is expressed has been inconsistent. METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight subjects, who had received diagnoses of @entity712 , underwent exercise testing. Two VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were made, one using exercise data prior to the @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), and one using all data points from rest to peak exercise. Four separate peak exercise VE/VCO(2) slope calculations also were derived with unaveraged, 10-s, 30-s, and 60-s ventilatory expired gas sampling intervals. RESULTS: Although univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated pre- @entity1576 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations to both be significant predictors of cardiac-related mortality and hospitalization (p < 0.001), the peak classification scheme was significantly better (p < 0.01). The ventilatory expired gas-sampling interval that was used did not impact the predictive ability of the peak VE/VCO(2) slope. CONCLUSION: Although both the pre- @entity1576 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were prognostically significant, the peak expression was superior. The sampling interval did not appear to have a significant impact on prognostic utility. We hope that the results of the present study will contribute to the standardization of the VE/VCO(2) slope and will enhance its clinical application.

title: Technical considerations related to the minute ventilation/ @entity544 output slope in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventilatory threshold']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The minute ventilation (VE)- @entity544 output (VCO(2)) relationship has recently been demonstrated to have prognostic significance in the @entity712 ( @entity712 ) population. However, the method by which the VE/VCO(2) slope is expressed has been inconsistent. METHODS: One hundred eighty-eight subjects, who had received diagnoses of @entity712 , underwent exercise testing. Two VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were made, one using exercise data prior to the @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), and one using all data points from rest to peak exercise. Four separate peak exercise VE/VCO(2) slope calculations also were derived with unaveraged, 10-s, 30-s, and 60-s ventilatory expired gas sampling intervals. RESULTS: Although univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated pre- @entity1576 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations to both be significant predictors of cardiac-related mortality and hospitalization (p < 0.001), the peak classification scheme was significantly better (p < 0.01). The ventilatory expired gas-sampling interval that was used did not impact the predictive ability of the peak VE/VCO(2) slope. CONCLUSION: Although both the pre- @entity1576 and peak VE/VCO(2) slope calculations were prognostically significant, the peak expression was superior. The sampling interval did not appear to have a significant impact on prognostic utility. We hope that the results of the present study will contribute to the standardization of the VE/VCO(2) slope and will enhance its clinical application.

title: Technical considerations related to the minute ventilation/ XXXX output slope in patients with @entity712 .

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Annexins are a group of 12 highly conserved proteins which exert several regulatory functions on cell biology. There are involved in numerous cell processes including vesicle trafficking, @entity460 signaling, cell growth, division, and apoptosis. Autoantibodies directed toward annexin I, II, V and XI have been reported, but their role and their clinical correlates are controversial. Annexin I exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the generation of inflammatory mediators and anti-annexin I antibodies were detected in @entity1 affected with @entity309 , systemic ( @entity1252 ) and @entity3830 . @entity10784 and V have a high affinity for phospholipids playing a pivotal role in the regulation of coagulation cascade. Anti- @entity10784 and anti- @entity4404 antibodies were found in @entity1 with arterial or @entity49 , especially in those with @entity792 ( @entity792 ) such as @entity1252 , @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) or @entity785 . Anti- @entity4404 antibodies were also found in @entity1 with @entity393 with or without @entity1701 . @entity51349 is involved in several biological pathways, particularly apoptosis and cell proliferation. Anti- @entity51349 antibodies have been found in @entity1 with @entity1252 , @entity2597 , @entity309 , @entity244 and @entity1701 . The metanalysis of studies published up to now showed that the Odds Ratio for having an @entity792 in anti- @entity51349 positive @entity1 was 5.08 (95% CI 2.06-12.58).

title: Anti-annexins autoantibodies: their role as biomarkers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51349 :: ('311', 'Gene') :: ['annexin XI', 'Annexin XI']

entities_list: @entity10784 :: ('302', 'Gene') :: ['annexin II', 'Annexin II']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune rheumatic diseases', 'ARD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: The effects of @entity1426 , @entity2918 (PG) I2, E2, D2, and F2 alpha on @entity1063 - (NE) and angiotensin II- (ANG II) induced tone were examined in interlobular arteries and afferent and efferent arterioles isolated from @entity95 kidney. @entity1426 at 10(-5) M produced a rapid relaxation of NE-induced tone in all three vessel types. The vasodilatory effect of @entity1426 but not @entity934 was blocked by @entity5728 . In interlobular arteries, @entity1421 , and @entity4770 caused a dose-dependent relaxation of NE-induced tone with a concentration causing the half-maximal response (ED50) of 1.2 and 4.6 X 10(-8) M, respectively. PGD2 caused a small but significant relaxation at 10(-7) M and above, whereas PGF2 alpha was inactive. In afferent arterioles contracted with NE, @entity1421 and PGI2 caused identical dose-dependent relaxations. Significant effects were observed at concentrations between 10(-11) and 10(-10) M with ED50 values of 1.7 X 10(-8) M for @entity1421 and 8.7 X 10(-9) M for PGI2. PGD2 had significant effects only at 10(-5) M, whereas PGF2 alpha was without effect. In contrast to the preglomerular vessels, efferent arterioles responded only to PGI2 (ED50, 9.7 X 10(-9) M), and the other @entity1426 metabolites had no effect on lumen diameter. PGI2 antagonized the vasoconstrictive effects of both NE and ANG II in this vessel segment. The results demonstrate that of the prostanoids tested only @entity1421 and PGI2 were effective in antagonizing vasoconstrictor stimuli in isolated renal microvessels. Furthermore, the @entity95 renal microvasculature displays segmental heterogeneity for the vasodilatory PGs in that PGI2 affected both pre- and postglomerular arterioles, whereas @entity1421 was effective only on the preglomerular microvessels.

title: Effects of XXXX on vasoconstrictor action in isolated renal arterioles.

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid', 'arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: The aim of this study of 101 cases of @entity884 was to determine the factors predisposing to @entity712 , the prognostic factors of this complication and the therapeutic implications. A significant (p less than 0.05) Chi square test was the statistical reference. Fifty-two per cent of @entity1 developed @entity712 which was biventricular in 48 p. 100 of cases and the presenting symptom in 64 p. 100. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity712 was 56.6 years with a clear male predominance. In 48 p. 100 of cases, @entity712 complicated a pre-existing @entity299 which was usually acquired (84 p. 100). The commonest condition was @entity340 of the aortic and mitral valves (70 p. 100 of cases with @entity712 ). @entity712 was observed more frequently and earlier in aortic than in @entity339 . The commonest infecting organism was the streptococcus (53 p. 100 of cases with @entity712 ) and the most frequent presumed portal of entry was dental (25 p. 100). @entity943 were observed in 51 p. 100 of @entity1 in @entity712 , the commonest being @entity955 (34 p. 100) complicating @entity339 in 56 p. 100 of cases; 17 p. 100 of @entity943 were ventricular. @entity8526 were observed in 26 p. 100 of cases with @entity712 , 55 p. 100 of which had @entity886 . @entity340 were demonstrated by echocardiography in 43 p. 100 of cases with @entity712 . Valve replacement had to be performed for resistant @entity712 in 13 p. 100 of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in infectious endocarditis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Severe cardiac failure', 'cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['Conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valvular vegetations', 'valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'Arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac insufficiency']


abstract: Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) have been mandated by the federal government to promote fiscal responsibility and insure cost containment. A retrospective analysis of demographic and cost data was conducted on 115 @entity1 operated on for @entity9007 . The DRG 191 criteria are as follows: major pancreas, liver plus shunt procedure; mean length of stay (LOS), 20.8 days; outlier cutoff LOS, 41 days; hospital reimbursement,  11,367.82; and day outlier rate,  86.57. The overall LOS was 34.6 days (range, one to 138 days). Sixty-six percent of the @entity1 exceeded the DRG LOS and 37% exceeded the day outlier cutoff of 41. The number of days from admission to surgery varied from one to 65 (mean, 15.7 days). Hospital charges and DRG reimbursement were compared in 23 @entity1 . In nine @entity1 with a LOS of 19.9 days, DRG reimbursement exceeded charges by  34,308. In 14 @entity1 whose charges exceeded reimbursement, the loss was  142,156. Hospital costs and LOS seem to be related to the natural history of the disease and its necessary treatment, rather than to unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Unless surgeons assess and establish medical standards, economic pressures will have a negative impact on @entity1 care and physicians' practice.

title: Do diagnosis-related groups accurately reflect the disease? XXXX : a case in point.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic pseudocyst']


abstract: To assess the incidence of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical @entity778 , we prospectively studied 1,207 adult short-term travelers from the Netherlands to @entity779 . @entity1 donated blood samples for serologic testing before and after travel. Blood samples were tested for antibodies against DENV. Seroconversion occurred in 14 (1.2%) travelers at risk. The incidence rate was 14.6 per 1,000 @entity1 -months. The incidence rate was significantly higher for travel during the rainy months. @entity779 occurred in 5 of the 14 travelers who seroconverted. Seroconversion was significantly related to fever, @entity158 , @entity925 , @entity4841 , and @entity1910 . The risk for @entity778 for short-term travelers to @entity779 is substantial. The incidence rate for this study is comparable with that in 2 other serology-based prospective studies conducted in the 1990s.

title: Travel-related XXXX , The Netherlands, 2006-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus (DENV) infection', 'DENV infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retro-orbital pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue-like illness', 'dengue-endemic areas']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['dengue virus infection']


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity460 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity1 TRP channel ( @entity50082 , @entity13270 and @entity13811 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity50082 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity148 control. @entity13270 is activated by @entity273 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity13811 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity1239 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity158 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity460 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity460 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity32 , @entity158 and @entity148 , and addressing problems relating to @entity565 and @entity64 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on XXXX , @entity13270 and @entity13811 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity50082 :: (7224,Gene) :: ['TRPC5']


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity460 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity1 TRP channel ( @entity50082 , @entity13270 and @entity13811 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity50082 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity148 control. @entity13270 is activated by @entity273 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity13811 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity1239 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity158 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity460 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity460 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity32 , @entity158 and @entity148 , and addressing problems relating to @entity565 and @entity64 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on @entity50082 , XXXX and @entity13811 .

answer: @entity13270 :: (7226,Gene) :: ['TRPM2']


abstract: Mammals contain 28 genes encoding Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins. The proteins assemble into cationic channels, often with @entity460 permeability. Important roles in physiology and disease have emerged and so there is interest in whether the channels might be suitable therapeutic drug targets. Here we review selected members of three subfamilies of @entity1 TRP channel ( @entity50082 , @entity13270 and @entity13811 ) that show relevance to sensing of adversity by cells and biological systems. Summarized are the cellular and tissue distributions, general properties, endogenous modulators, protein partners, cellular and tissue functions, therapeutic potential, and pharmacology. @entity50082 is stimulated by receptor agonists and other factors that include lipids and metal ions; it heteromultimerises with other TRPC proteins and is involved in cell movement and @entity148 control. @entity13270 is activated by @entity273 ; it is implicated in stress-related inflammatory, vascular and neurodegenerative conditions. @entity13811 is stimulated by a wide range of irritants including mustard oil and @entity1239 but also, controversially, noxious cold and mechanical pressure; it is implicated in @entity158 and inflammatory responses, including in the airways. The channels have in common that they show polymodal stimulation, have activities that are enhanced by redox factors, are permeable to @entity460 , and are facilitated by elevations of intracellular @entity460 . Developing inhibitors of the channels could lead to new agents for a variety of conditions: for example, suppressing unwanted tissue remodeling, @entity32 , @entity158 and @entity148 , and addressing problems relating to @entity565 and @entity64 .

title: Properties and therapeutic potential of transient receptor potential channels with putative roles in adversity: focus on @entity50082 , @entity13270 and XXXX .

answer: @entity13811 :: (8989,Gene) :: ['TRPA1']


abstract: A soluble @entity844 -binding protein ( @entity21991 ), mol wt approximately 12,000 is present in intestinal mucosa and other tissues that utilize @entity1718 , including liver, myocardium, adipose, and kidney. This protein binds long chain @entity1718 both in vivo and in vitro. @entity21991 was isolated from @entity35 intestine by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. It showed a reaction of complete immunochemical identity with proteins in the 12,000 mol wt @entity844 -binding fractions of liver, myocardium, and adipose tissue supernates. (The presence of immunochemically nonidentical 12,000 mol wt @entity21991 in these tissues is not excluded.) By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, supernatant @entity21991 concentration in mucosa from proximal and middle thirds of jejuno-ileum significantly exceeded that in distal third, duodenum, and liver, expressed as micrograms per milligram soluble protein, micrograms per gram DNA, and micrograms per gram tissue. @entity21991 concentration in villi was approximately three times greater than in crypts. Small quantities of @entity21991 were present in washed nuclei-cell membrane, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. However, the amount of @entity21991 solubilized per milligram membrane protein was similar for all particulate fractions, and total membrane-associated @entity21991 was only about 16% of supernatant @entity21991 . Intestinal @entity21991 concentration was significantly greater in animals maintained on high fat diets than on low fat; saturated and unsaturated fat diets did not differ greatly in this regard.The preponderance of @entity21991 in villi from proximal and middle intestine, its ability to bind @entity1718 in vivo as well as in vitro, and its response to changes in dietary fat intake support the concept that this protein participates in cellular @entity844 transport during fat absorption. Identical or closely related 12,000 mol wt proteins may serve similar functions in other tissues.

title: XXXX -binding protein in small intestine. Identification, isolation, and evidence for its role in cellular @entity844 transport.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acid']


abstract: A soluble @entity844 -binding protein ( @entity21991 ), mol wt approximately 12,000 is present in intestinal mucosa and other tissues that utilize @entity1718 , including liver, myocardium, adipose, and kidney. This protein binds long chain @entity1718 both in vivo and in vitro. @entity21991 was isolated from @entity35 intestine by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. It showed a reaction of complete immunochemical identity with proteins in the 12,000 mol wt @entity844 -binding fractions of liver, myocardium, and adipose tissue supernates. (The presence of immunochemically nonidentical 12,000 mol wt @entity21991 in these tissues is not excluded.) By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, supernatant @entity21991 concentration in mucosa from proximal and middle thirds of jejuno-ileum significantly exceeded that in distal third, duodenum, and liver, expressed as micrograms per milligram soluble protein, micrograms per gram DNA, and micrograms per gram tissue. @entity21991 concentration in villi was approximately three times greater than in crypts. Small quantities of @entity21991 were present in washed nuclei-cell membrane, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. However, the amount of @entity21991 solubilized per milligram membrane protein was similar for all particulate fractions, and total membrane-associated @entity21991 was only about 16% of supernatant @entity21991 . Intestinal @entity21991 concentration was significantly greater in animals maintained on high fat diets than on low fat; saturated and unsaturated fat diets did not differ greatly in this regard.The preponderance of @entity21991 in villi from proximal and middle intestine, its ability to bind @entity1718 in vivo as well as in vitro, and its response to changes in dietary fat intake support the concept that this protein participates in cellular @entity844 transport during fat absorption. Identical or closely related 12,000 mol wt proteins may serve similar functions in other tissues.

title: @entity844 -binding protein in small intestine. Identification, isolation, and evidence for its role in cellular XXXX transport.

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: @entity7823 and environmental contamination are two of the leading hypotheses for global amphibian declines. Yet few studies have examined the influence of contaminants on disease susceptibility, and even fewer have incorporated the role of natural stressors such as predation. We performed a factorial study investigating the interaction of the insecticide @entity17284 , dragonfly predator cue, and the emerging pathogen  @entity11254 ( @entity11254 ) on fitness correlates and disease susceptibility in @entity7928 salamander larvae. Four week old larvae were exposed for 22  days in a 2 (0, 500   g/l @entity17284 )     2 (control, predator cue water)     2 (0, 1     10(4)  pfu @entity11254 ) factorial designed laboratory study. Results show significant impacts to survival of larvae for both virus and predator cue treatments, as well as an interactive effect between the two, in which predator cue strongly exacerbated disease-driven mortality. There was a clear pattern of reduced survival with the addition of stressors, with those where all three stressors were present exhibiting the worst effects (a decrease in survival from 93 to 60%). On those that survived, we also detected several sub-lethal impacts in mass, SVL, and development. Predator cue and pesticide treatments significantly reduced both SVL and mass. Virus and predator treatments significantly slowed development. Stressors also exhibited opposing effects on activity. Predator cue caused a significant reduction in activity, whereas virus caused a significant increase in activity over time. These results highlight the importance of examining combined natural and introduced stressors to understand potential impacts on amphibian species. Such stressors may contribute to the emergence of @entity11254 in particular regions, raising concerns about the influence of pesticides on disease emergence in general.

title: Combined effects of virus, pesticide, and predator cue on the larval XXXX salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum).

entities_list: @entity11254 :: ('265294', 'Species') :: ['ATV', 'Ambystoma tigrinum  virus']

entities_list: @entity7823 :: ('MESH:D021821', 'Disease') :: ['Emerging diseases']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: Evaluation of axillary lymph node status by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) are an inherent part of @entity0 treatment. Increased understanding of @entity5 biology has changed the prognostic and therapeutic impact of lymph node status. Non-invasive imaging techniques like axillary ultrasound, FDG-PET, or MRI revealed moderate sensitivity and high specificity in evaluation of lymph node status. Therefore, they are not sufficient for lymph node staging. Otherwise, the impact of remaining micrometastases and even macrometastases for prognosis and treatment decisions is overestimated. Considering @entity5 biology, the distinction of axillary metastases in @entity5 cells (ITC, pN0(i+)); micrometastases (pN1mi), and macrometastases (pN1a) is not comprehensible. Increasing data support the thesis that remaining axillary metastases neither increase the axillary recurrence rate nor decrease overall survival. It is doubtful that axillary @entity5 cells are capable to complete the complex multistep metastatic process. If applied, axillary metastases are sensitive to systemic treatment and are targeted by postoperative tangential breast irradiation. Therefore, the controversy about the clinical relevance of @entity5 cell clusters or micrometastases in @entity4298 is a sophisticated but not contemporary discussion. Currently, there is no indication for axillary surgery in elderly @entity1 with favorable @entity5 and clinically @entity5 -free lymph nodes. Nonetheless, a rational and evidence-based approach to the management of clinically and sonographically N0 @entity1 with planned breast-conserving surgery and limited @entity5 size is needed now.

title: Axillary lymph node dissection in early-stage invasive XXXX : is it still standard today?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To the best of knowledge, this was the first study of scapular manipulation technique (SMT) in Asia. We conducted this prospective study to report our experiences of reducing @entity2065 by SMT without @entity1337 in a large study group in Iran. METHODS: Scapular manipulation technique was applied to 111 @entity1 presenting with @entity2065 to the ED of the largest teaching hospital in north-east of Iran between January 2009 and January 2010. Reduction was performed without medication and if unsuccessful, the second attempt was carried out with i.v. injection of @entity1363 . We also evaluated the @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 immediately after reduction attempt. RESULTS: The study consisted of 112 dislocations (one @entity1 had @entity3029 ). We achieved a success rate of 87.5% without medication at the first attempt and 97.3% overall. In total, 98.2% of dislocations were reduced in less than 1 min. The success rate was significantly lower in the presence of greater tuberosity fractures and also in late presentations (>6 h after @entity130 ). We showed a success rate of 100% in recurrent dislocations. Some 81.1% of the @entity1 reported no @entity158 or mild @entity158 . No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that SMT even without medication is a safe, rapid and relatively painless technique in reducing @entity2065 in the ED that might reduce medical resource utilization and can be cost-effective.

title: Scapular manipulation for reduction of @entity2065 without XXXX : results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral dislocation']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To the best of knowledge, this was the first study of scapular manipulation technique (SMT) in Asia. We conducted this prospective study to report our experiences of reducing @entity2065 by SMT without @entity1337 in a large study group in Iran. METHODS: Scapular manipulation technique was applied to 111 @entity1 presenting with @entity2065 to the ED of the largest teaching hospital in north-east of Iran between January 2009 and January 2010. Reduction was performed without medication and if unsuccessful, the second attempt was carried out with i.v. injection of @entity1363 . We also evaluated the @entity158 experienced by the @entity1 immediately after reduction attempt. RESULTS: The study consisted of 112 dislocations (one @entity1 had @entity3029 ). We achieved a success rate of 87.5% without medication at the first attempt and 97.3% overall. In total, 98.2% of dislocations were reduced in less than 1 min. The success rate was significantly lower in the presence of greater tuberosity fractures and also in late presentations (>6 h after @entity130 ). We showed a success rate of 100% in recurrent dislocations. Some 81.1% of the @entity1 reported no @entity158 or mild @entity158 . No complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that SMT even without medication is a safe, rapid and relatively painless technique in reducing @entity2065 in the ED that might reduce medical resource utilization and can be cost-effective.

title: Scapular manipulation for reduction of XXXX without @entity1337 : results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity378 ( @entity378 ) has been found in many parts of the body, involvement of the thyroid gland is rare. In this study we describe the clinicopathological characteristics of seven @entity1 with primary @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ). METHODS: This report is a retrospective case study of seven @entity1 with @entity1374 who were treated surgically in our clinic between 2004 and 2010. Data collected from the cases included age, sex, clinical presentation, concurrent medical illness, initial diagnosis, and history of @entity1907 . Testing used to establish the diagnosis of @entity1374 included thyroid function tests, histopathological examination, a tuberculin skin test, and FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology). Surgical procedures, antitubercular therapy, and follow-up data were also analyzed. RESULTS: All seven cases were females between the age of 30 and 60 years (mean = 44.1    9.5 years). Four cases had neck swelling and three had additional complaints of @entity1282 and @entity1353 . While total thyroidectomy was performed in six @entity1 with @entity1376 , a lobectomy was performed in one @entity1 in whom a solitary thyroid nodule was detected. Histopathologic changes consistent with @entity1374 were detected in all @entity1 . Thoracic X-ray, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test, and tuberculin skin test (PPD) were performed and all @entity1 were screened for other possible foci of @entity281 . In conclusion, all seven cases were diagnosed with primary @entity378 . While the lobectomy @entity1 was administered a 6-month antitubercular treatment, the total-thyroidectomy @entity1 did not receive any medical treatment postoperatively. During the postoperative follow-up period, which lasted between 6 and 53 months (mean = 37.3    18.6 months), none of the @entity1 had a recurrence of disease. CONCLUSION: @entity378 should be considered in the list of differential diagnoses for thyroid abscesses and nodular lesions in @entity1 living in geographic regions with a high @entity378 prevalence.

title: XXXX in southeastern Turkey: is this the resurgence of a stubborn disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tuberculosis', 'TTB']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroid tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in young @entity1 with @entity162 indicated the presence of grey matter concentration changes as well as microstructural alterations in white matter in various neocortical areas and the corpus callosum. Whether these structural changes are also present in elderly @entity1 with @entity162 with long-lasting clinical evolution remains unclear. METHODS: We performed a prospective MRI study of consecutive elderly, euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and healthy, elderly controls. We conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis to assess fractional anisotropy and longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity derived by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). RESULTS: We included 19 @entity1 with @entity162 and 47 controls in our study. Fractional anisotropy was the most sensitive DTI marker and decreased significantly in the ventral part of the corpus callosum in @entity1 with @entity162 . Longitudinal, radial and mean diffusivity showed no significant between-group differences. Grey matter concentration was reduced in @entity1 with @entity162 in the right anterior insula, head of the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, ventral putamen and frontal orbital cortex. Conversely, there was no grey matter concentration or fractional anisotropy increase in any brain region in @entity1 with @entity162 compared with controls. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation of our study is the small number of @entity1 with @entity162 . CONCLUSION: Our data document the concomitant presence of grey matter concentration decreases in the anterior limbic areas and the reduced fibre tract coherence in the corpus callosum of elderly @entity1 with long-lasting @entity162 .

title: Combined analysis of grey matter voxel-based morphometry and white matter tract-based spatial statistics in late-life XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary complications are the most frequent morbid event after esophagectomy. Understanding factors that are associated with @entity358 may help in @entity1 selection and postoperative management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy between 1980 and 2009. Univariate analysis was used to identify potential covariates for the development of major @entity358 . Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of complications. A scoring system was developed, and its ability to predict complications was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 516 @entity1 (382 @entity1 [74%]) with a mean age of 59.0  12.5 years underwent esophagectomy for @entity5 (398 [77%]) or benign disease. @entity358 occurred in 197 @entity1 (38%) and were associated with a 10-fold increase in operative mortality (2.5% vs 28%; p<0.001). Independent predictors included @entity1 age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (% predicted), diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity1223 (% predicted), performance status, serum @entity1011 , current cigarette use, and transthoracic resection. The scoring system (based on weighted scores for the first 4 covariates listed above) predicted @entity358 with an accuracy of 70.8% (p<0.001). Score groups identified an incremental risk of complications of 0 to 2, 12%; 3 to 4, 18%; 5 to 6, 46%; 7 to 8, 52%; and 9 to 13, 60% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity358 are frequent after esophagectomy and can be predicted using commonly available clinical information. A scoring system identifying the risk of such complications may assist in @entity1 selection and in providing appropriate resources for postoperative management of higher-risk @entity1 .

title: Prediction of major XXXX after esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'Major pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm the occurrence of @entity79 and @entity603 in healthy subjects detectable by ultrasound (US) and to establish US criteria for @entity625 . METHODS: Our study involved 127 healthy subjects matched with a cohort of @entity1 with @entity625 (the ESPOIR cohort). The second and fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of both hands and feet were assessed with US to detect @entity79 ; and the second, third, fourth, and fifth MCP and the fifth MTP were evaluated for synovial thickening in B-mode US and synovial vascularity in power Doppler. @entity79 and @entity603 were defined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials consensus. RESULTS: @entity79 and grade 2-3 synovial thickening in B-mode were detected in 11% and 9% of healthy subjects. To consider the diagnosis of @entity625 , a cutoff at 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode enabled discrimination between @entity1 with @entity625 and healthy subjects, with a good sensitivity of 74.8% (95% CI 67.2%-82.3%) and a high specificity of 90.5% (95% CI 85.4%-95.6%). If higher specificity is required to confirm the diagnosis of @entity625 , cutoff at 2 cases of synovial thickening in B-mode or at 2 cases of @entity79 gave optimal results, with specificity of 98.4% (95% CI 96.2%-100%) and 100%, respectively, and lower sensitivity of 59.8% (95% CI 51.2%-68.3%) and 17% (95% CI 10.5%-23.5%) (area under the curve = 0.85 for @entity603 and 0.63 for @entity79 ). Neither the combination of power Doppler signal plus @entity79 , nor @entity79 plus synovial thickening on the same joint, were seen in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: A single case of @entity79 or synovial thickening in B-mode is common in healthy subjects. However, more than 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode or @entity79 is a strong argument for the diagnosis of early @entity625 .

title: Musculoskeletal ultrasonography in healthy subjects and ultrasound criteria for XXXX (the ESPOIR cohort).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone erosion', 'bone erosion', 'bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['early arthritis', 'inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['early arthritis']


abstract: Striatal cholinergic interneurons show tonic spiking activity in the intact and sliced brain, which stems from intrinsic mechanisms. Because of it, they are also known as "tonically active neurons" (TANs). Another hallmark of TAN electrophysiology is a pause response to appetitive and aversive events and to environmental cues that have predicted these events during learning. Notably, the pause response is lost after the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in animal models of @entity191 . Moreover, @entity191 @entity1 are in a hypercholinergic state and find some clinical benefit in anticholinergic drugs. Current theories propose that excitatory thalamic inputs conveying information about salient sensory stimuli trigger an intrinsic hyperpolarizing response in the striatal cholinergic interneurons. Moreover, it has been postulated that the loss of the pause response in @entity191 is related to a diminution of I(sAHP), a slow outward current that mediates an afterhyperpolarization following a train of action potentials. Here we report that I(sAHP) induces a marked spike-frequency adaptation in adult @entity35 striatal cholinergic interneurons, inducing an abrupt end of firing during sustained excitation. Chronic loss of dopaminergic neurons markedly reduces I(sAHP) and spike-frequency adaptation in cholinergic interneurons, allowing them to fire continuously and at higher rates during sustained excitation. These findings provide a plausible explanation for the hypercholinergic state in @entity191 . Moreover, a reduction of I(sAHP) may alter synchronization of cholinergic interneurons with afferent inputs, thus contributing to the loss of the pause response in @entity191 .

title: Reduction of an afterhyperpolarization current increases excitability in striatal cholinergic interneurons in XXXX parkinsonism.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity2299 additively increases the risk of @entity65 . There is a high prevalence of @entity101 in Nigeria, but there are little data regarding the prevalence of @entity2299 in subjects with @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: In this observational prospective study, we examined the prevalence of @entity2299 in newly diagnosed normoglycemic subjects with @entity101 . METHODS: A total of 171 subjects presenting with @entity101 for the first time in the cardiology and nephrology clinics at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were studied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) were determined in fasting plasma. The total @entity165 /HDL-C and non-HDL-C values were calculated. These measures were then classified according to the 2001 report of the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood @entity165 in Adults. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects studied, 84 (49%) were male and 87 (51%) were female. Low HDL-C was present in 71 (45.8%), elevated LDL-C in 29 (17%), elevated total @entity165 in 19 (11.1%), and elevated @entity412 in 13 (7.6%), whereas eight (4.7%) of the study population had combined elevated total @entity165 and @entity412 . Female subjects had higher total @entity165 and lower HDL-C than male subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant. Obese subjects, compared to the nonobese, had significantly higher LDL-C and total @entity165 /HDL-C ratios in males and significantly higher @entity412 levels in females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of @entity2299 seen in this study, we suggest that fasting lipid measurements should be performed in all Nigerians with @entity101 . These data suggest the need for health education and lifestyle modifications in hypertensive Nigerians to reduce both types of risk factors.

title: Prevalence of @entity2299 in normoglycemic subjects with newly diagnosed XXXX in Abuja, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['high blood pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity2299 additively increases the risk of @entity65 . There is a high prevalence of @entity101 in Nigeria, but there are little data regarding the prevalence of @entity2299 in subjects with @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: In this observational prospective study, we examined the prevalence of @entity2299 in newly diagnosed normoglycemic subjects with @entity101 . METHODS: A total of 171 subjects presenting with @entity101 for the first time in the cardiology and nephrology clinics at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were studied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) were determined in fasting plasma. The total @entity165 /HDL-C and non-HDL-C values were calculated. These measures were then classified according to the 2001 report of the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood @entity165 in Adults. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects studied, 84 (49%) were male and 87 (51%) were female. Low HDL-C was present in 71 (45.8%), elevated LDL-C in 29 (17%), elevated total @entity165 in 19 (11.1%), and elevated @entity412 in 13 (7.6%), whereas eight (4.7%) of the study population had combined elevated total @entity165 and @entity412 . Female subjects had higher total @entity165 and lower HDL-C than male subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant. Obese subjects, compared to the nonobese, had significantly higher LDL-C and total @entity165 /HDL-C ratios in males and significantly higher @entity412 levels in females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of @entity2299 seen in this study, we suggest that fasting lipid measurements should be performed in all Nigerians with @entity101 . These data suggest the need for health education and lifestyle modifications in hypertensive Nigerians to reduce both types of risk factors.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in normoglycemic subjects with newly diagnosed @entity101 in Abuja, Nigeria.

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Ligand engagement by integrins induces receptor clustering and formation of complexes at the integrin cytoplasmic face that controls cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics critical for adhesion-dependent processes. This study searches for a subset of integrin effectors that coordinates both @entity5 cell invasion and resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug @entity900 in @entity1697 . Candidate integrin effectors were identified in a proteomics screen of proteins recruited to clustered integrin ab1, a(v)b or a(6)b @entity1697 . Proteins with diverse functions including microtubule and actin binding proteins, and factors involved in trafficking, transcription and translation were identified in @entity1697 integrin complexes. Knockdown of effectors in the @entity1697 @entity55644 cells revealed that @entity20336 , @entity48205 , @entity7242 and talin were required for invasion through Matrigel. Disruption of talin or @entity20336 by RNA interference increased resistance to @entity900 , whereas targeting @entity48205 , @entity7242 or @entity25886 reduced @entity55644 resistance to @entity900 . Analysis of the spreading of @entity55644 cells on collagen I and laminin I revealed that a decrease in @entity20336 or talin expression inhibited spreading on both matrices. Interestingly, a reduction in @entity25886 expression enhanced spreading on laminin I and inhibited spreading on collagen I. Reduction of @entity48205 , @entity7242 , talin or @entity25886 expression reduced @entity55644 proliferation by 30%. Proliferation was not affected by a reduction in @entity20336 expression. We conclude that @entity20336 , @entity7242 and talin function in both @entity1697 invasion and resistance to @entity900 .

title: Integrin ab1, avb, a6b effectors @entity20336 , XXXX and talin regulate carcinoma invasion and chemoresistance.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['receptors in oral carcinomas', 'oral carcinomas', 'oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['Src']


abstract: Ligand engagement by integrins induces receptor clustering and formation of complexes at the integrin cytoplasmic face that controls cell signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics critical for adhesion-dependent processes. This study searches for a subset of integrin effectors that coordinates both @entity5 cell invasion and resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug @entity900 in @entity1697 . Candidate integrin effectors were identified in a proteomics screen of proteins recruited to clustered integrin ab1, a(v)b or a(6)b @entity1697 . Proteins with diverse functions including microtubule and actin binding proteins, and factors involved in trafficking, transcription and translation were identified in @entity1697 integrin complexes. Knockdown of effectors in the @entity1697 @entity55644 cells revealed that @entity20336 , @entity48205 , @entity7242 and talin were required for invasion through Matrigel. Disruption of talin or @entity20336 by RNA interference increased resistance to @entity900 , whereas targeting @entity48205 , @entity7242 or @entity25886 reduced @entity55644 resistance to @entity900 . Analysis of the spreading of @entity55644 cells on collagen I and laminin I revealed that a decrease in @entity20336 or talin expression inhibited spreading on both matrices. Interestingly, a reduction in @entity25886 expression enhanced spreading on laminin I and inhibited spreading on collagen I. Reduction of @entity48205 , @entity7242 , talin or @entity25886 expression reduced @entity55644 proliferation by 30%. Proliferation was not affected by a reduction in @entity20336 expression. We conclude that @entity20336 , @entity7242 and talin function in both @entity1697 invasion and resistance to @entity900 .

title: Integrin ab1, avb, a6b effectors XXXX , @entity7242 and talin regulate carcinoma invasion and chemoresistance.

answer: @entity20336 :: (9564,Gene) :: ['p130Cas']


abstract: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is characterised by hyperarousal, @entity148 and @entity2730 . Deficits in explicit memory recall have been causally related to volume reductions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. While stress-related glucocorticoid secretion appears involved in this apparent atrophy, there is also evidence for low plasma @entity701 in @entity1005 . Prior exposure to @entity130 is an important risk factor for @entity1005 , suggesting a role for sensitisation. Using @entity35 , we studied the effects of a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) model of stress on spatial @entity2414 , 1 week post-stress, using the Morris water maze. Basal and 7-day post-stress plasma @entity2819 levels were also determined. Due to the putative role of @entity750 in @entity148 and stress, and in the treatment of @entity1005 , hippocampal @entity10463 ) and prefrontal cortex @entity14919 ) radioligand binding studies were performed. TDS stress evoked a marked @entity2414 on day 7 post TDS stress, coupled with significantly depressed plasma @entity2819 levels. Cognitive and endocrine changes at day 7 post stress were associated with a significant increase in receptor density (B(max)) and a significant decrease in receptor affinity (K(d)) for hippocampal @entity10463 ) receptors. The B(max) of prefrontal cortex @entity14919 ) receptors were unaffected, but K(d) was significantly increased. We conclude that TDS stress evokes @entity73 . Moreover, TDS stress induces diverse adaptive 5HT receptor changes in critical brain areas involved in emotion and memory that may underlie the effect of stress on cognitive function.

title: Endocrine, cognitive and hippocampal/cortical 5HT 1A/2A receptor changes evoked by a time-dependent sensitisation (TDS) stress model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and endocrine changes characteristic of PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in spatial memory', 'memory deficits']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) may exert antiaging effects by inhibiting the @entity11249 ( @entity11249 )/ @entity2135 axis. The present study investigated the effect of modest inhibition of @entity11249 signaling on stress response and compared it with the effect of CR. Heterozygous (tg/-) @entity35 of a transgenic strain of male @entity35 , whose @entity11249 signaling was inhibited by overexpression of the anti-sense @entity11249 gene, and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity35 were used. @entity35 were fed ad libitum (AL) or 30% CR diets from 6 weeks of age. At 6 months of age, @entity35 were killed between 0 and 8h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to evaluate the acute phase stress response. tg/- @entity35 had less tissue injury, indicated by blood @entity492 aminotransferase (AST) concentrations, than @entity164 @entity35 . Successive waves of incremental plasma @entity1505 , @entity568 , and interferon (IFN)-y levels were also attenuated in tg/- @entity35 . Activation of @entity4026 , a redox-sensitive transcription factor, was slightly diminished in tg/- @entity35 , whereas the AP-1 activity was increased. Similar trends were also observed in the CR groups as compared to the AL groups. The present results suggest an involvement of the @entity11249 / @entity2135 axis in the effect of CR for stress response, even if CR does not act solely through the @entity11249 axis.

title: Acute stress response modified by modest inhibition of XXXX axis: a potential machinery of the anti-aging effect of calorie restriction.

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: @entity43 is the most common form of gynaecological @entity5 . This lethal disease is thought to arise in @entity30956 ( @entity30956 ) cells. The biology of these cells is not well understood, due to the limited amount of tissue that can be obtained from a single biopsy and their limited life span in culture. To overcome these problems, we have conditionally immortalised @entity30956 cells with the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity2215 ) and a temperature-sensitive form of SV40 Large T antigen ( @entity24 ). We have maintained these cells (designated @entity30956 -C2) in culture for more than 100 population doublings after introduction of the immortalising genes. Early passage @entity30956 -C2 cells have a near-tetraploid karyotype and exhibit a dual mesenchymal-epithelial phenotype, with consistent expression of @entity2277 and variable expression of cytokeratins and type III collagen, and absence of @entity5962 expression. @entity30956 -C2 cells proliferate steadily at the permissive temperature of 33 degrees C, but fail to increase in number at the nonpermissive temperature of 39 degrees C. Serum-deprived @entity30956 -C2 cells are stimulated to grow at 33 degrees C by EGF, whereas they are growth inhibited at 33 degrees C by @entity2533 in the presence or the absence of serum. When temperature shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, @entity30956 -C2 cells modulate to a more mesenchymal phenotype, and a proportion of the cells undergo senescence and/or apoptosis. Moreover, at the nonpermissive temperature, the levels of @entity876 and SV40 Large T antigen diminish, whilst the level of @entity3544 increases, whereas the level of @entity986 and telomerase activity is unchanged. This experimental system shows that expression of telomerase alone only allows limited proliferative potential of @entity30956 cells; expression of @entity24 is necessary to maintain these cells in culture for longer periods, perhaps by its ability to inactivate components of the @entity876 /Rb pathway. @entity30956 -C2 cells may be useful in studying the physiology and differentiation of @entity1 @entity30956 cells and provide insight into the poorly understood earliest stages of @entity43 .

title: Immortalisation of XXXX ovarian surface epithelium with telomerase and temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity30956 :: ('MESH:C538090', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian surface epithelial', 'OSE']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Progressive @entity9744 are characterized by impaired @entity6741 secretion resulting in @entity111 , @entity1003 , @entity294 , and @entity3147 leading to progressive @entity1578 and @entity204 in childhood. Partial internal or external biliary drainage can relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Objections to partial external biliary drainage include the need for a permanent @entity253 with all the inherent complications of a stoma. We propose a novel approach to these diseases--placement of a "button" cholecystostomy tube. METHODS: Under general anesthesia and through a small right subcostal incision, a MIC-KEY button (Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc, Draper, UT) is inserted into the mobilized fundus of the gallbladder and secured with 2 purse-string sutures. Time of drainage is adjusted to relieve @entity111 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 with progressive familial intrahepatic @entity1448 achieved adequate bile drainage via the cholecystostomy button to relieve @entity111 for 1, 2, and 2    years postoperatively, with drainage periods of 12 to 14 hours per day. There were no episodes of @entity255 . Dislodged tubes can be replaced, or stones can be retrieved via the tract that is formed. @entity1 (parent) acceptance has been excellent. CONCLUSION: Button cholecystostomy is simple to perform, relieves @entity111 with intermittent (nighttime) drainage, avoids complications of a permanent stoma, avoids an enteric @entity254 , and is accepted by parents.

title: Button cholecystostomy for management of progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stoma']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['familial intrahepatic cholestasis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity9744 :: (MESH:D002780,Disease) :: ['familial intrahepatic cholestasis syndromes']


abstract: @entity31901 ( @entity31901 ) agonists such as @entity4596 and @entity8539 are analgesics and diuretics. In monkeys, the selective @entity31901 antagonist, @entity14719 ( @entity14719 ), produces a long-lasting antagonism of the antinociceptive effects of @entity4596 but not those of @entity8539 , suggesting that @entity31901 -mediated antinociception may occur through two distinct KORs. The aim of this study was to characterize the antagonist effect of @entity14719 against the diuretic effects of @entity4596 and @entity8539 in monkeys. Urine outputs were collected over 3 h subsequent to i.m. administration of @entity31901 agonists. Both @entity4596 (0.032-1 mg/kg) and @entity8539 (0.00032-0.01 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased urine output and the diuretic effect reached a plateau at higher doses. The maximum effect of either @entity4596 or @entity8539 was approximately 15 ml/kg/3 h of urine. Pretreatment with intracisternal @entity14719 0.32 mg significantly blocked both @entity4596 (0.18 mg/kg)- and @entity8539 (0.0032 mg/kg)-induced diuresis for 20 weeks. However, the same dose of @entity14719 0.32 mg given subcutaneously was not effective. These results demonstrate that central @entity31901 mediate @entity31901 agonist-induced diuresis in monkeys. More important, this study provides functional evidence for a homogenous population of @entity31901 underlying @entity31901 -mediated diuresis and illustrates a unique pharmacological profile of @entity14719 -induced ultra-long @entity31901 antagonism in vivo.

title: Ultra-long antagonism of kappa opioid agonist-induced diuresis by intracisternal XXXX in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-BNI', 'nor-binaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity31901 :: ('4986', 'Gene') :: ['Kappa opioid receptor', 'KOR']

entities_list: @entity8539 :: ('MESH:C027248', 'Chemical') :: ['bremazocine']

answer: @entity14719 :: (MESH:C051844,Chemical) :: ['nor-binaltorphimine']


abstract: @entity8220 B6, bacterium isolated from cloud water, was incubated on @entity969 for @entity19766 production. Dialysis of the obtained mixture (MWCO 500) afforded dialyzate ( @entity12315 ) and retentate (RIM). Both were separated by size exclusion chromatography. RIM afforded eight fractions: levan exopolysaccharide (EPS), fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) of levan and inulin types with different degrees of polymerization (dp 2-7) and monosaccharides @entity948 : @entity413 =9:1. Levan was composed of two components with molecular mass ~3500 and ~100kDa in the ratio 2.3:1. @entity7016 fraction contained difructose anhydride DFA IV. @entity44627 , @entity72707 , and @entity72708 were identified as @entity42694 in the ratio 2:1:3. Fractions with dp 4-7 were mixtures of FOSs of levan (2,6-bFruf) and inulin (1,2-bFruf) type. DIM separation afforded two dominant fractions: @entity7787 with @entity948 : @entity413 ratio 1:3; @entity7016 fraction contained @entity969 only. DIM trisaccharide fraction contained @entity44627 , @entity72707 , and @entity72708 in the ratio1.5:1:2, penta and hexasaccharide fractions contained FOSs of levan type (2,6-bFruf) containing a-glucose. In the pentasaccharide fraction also the presence of a homopentasaccharide composed of 2,6-linked bFruf units only was identified. @entity44628 , inulin (1,2-bFruf) type, was identified as DIM tetrasaccharide. Identification of levan 2,6-bFruf and inulin 1,2-bFruf type oligosaccharides in the incubation medium suggests both levansucrase and inulosucrase enzymes activity in @entity8220 B6.

title: NMR structural study of fructans produced by XXXX B6, bacterium isolated in cloud water.

entities_list: @entity42694 :: ('MESH:D014312', 'Chemical') :: ['trisaccharides']

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity72708 :: ('MESH:C072434', 'Chemical') :: ['neokestose']

entities_list: @entity7016 :: ('CHEBI:36233', 'Chemical') :: ['disaccharide', 'Disaccharide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity19766 :: ('CHEBI:72813', 'Chemical') :: ['exopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8220 :: (1422,Species) :: ['Bacillus sp. 3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bicuspid aortic valves are associated with aortic catastrophes, particularly dissection. We examined whether proactive repair of associated dilatation would reduce risk of subsequent aortic dissection or reoperation and whether more aggressive resection is needed in @entity1 undergoing bicuspid aortic valve surgery alone. METHODS: From January 1993 to June 2003, 1989 @entity1 (of our total experience of 4316) underwent bicuspid aortic valve surgery. Long-term outcomes of 1810 were analyzed according to aortic size and whether bicuspid aortic valve surgery was performed alone or with aortic repair. RESULTS: In-hospital 30-day survival was similar (98.8% valve alone vs 98.9% with aortic repair), with no penalty incurred for concomitant aortic repair. @entity4503 @entity1 had worse late survival (75% vs 85% at 10 years, P = .0001), but in the matched cohort survival was nearly identical (85% vs 86%; P = .7). With this strategy, freedom from late aortic events was high in both groups (99% valve alone vs 97% with aortic repair at 10 years; P[log-rank] = .06) and similar in the matched cohort (95% vs 97%; P = .2). Approximately 95% of @entity1 undergoing valve-alone surgery had aortic diameters smaller than 4.6 cm or cross-sectional area/height ratios less than 9.4 cm(2)/m; 80% undergoing valve surgery plus aortic repair had diameters larger than 4.1 cm or ratios greater than 7.3 cm(2)/m. Only 0.2% of events occurred at an aortic diameter size of less than 4.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic size larger than 4.5 cm or aortic cross-sectional area/height ratio greater than 8 to 10 should be considered triggers for concurrent aortic repair, because there is no added risk, and late survival is better; however, more aggressive resection is unwarranted.

title: XXXX with proactive ascending aorta repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve-alone']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['Bicuspid aortic valve surgery']