abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity2614 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity2146 characteristics of oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 premedication in @entity1 who were given @entity2614 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity1 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity6948 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity1363 (group MD), and @entity2493 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity1443 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 2-4%, @entity3727 50% in @entity26 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity2146 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity1 with an @entity2146 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity2146 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 after @entity2614 anesthesia.

title: Oral @entity2493 , XXXX , and @entity1363 for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity2614 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity2146 characteristics of oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 premedication in @entity1 who were given @entity2614 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity1 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity6948 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity1363 (group MD), and @entity2493 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity1443 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 2-4%, @entity3727 50% in @entity26 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity2146 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity1 with an @entity2146 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity2146 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 after @entity2614 anesthesia.

title: Oral XXXX , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity2614 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity2146 characteristics of oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 premedication in @entity1 who were given @entity2614 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity1 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity6948 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity1363 (group MD), and @entity2493 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity1443 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity2614 2-4%, @entity3727 50% in @entity26 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity2146 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity1 with an @entity2146 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity2146 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and @entity1363 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity2146 in @entity1 after @entity2614 anesthesia.

title: Oral @entity2493 , @entity6948 , and XXXX for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity1 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: The effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption by adult female C57B1/6 @entity19 on lymphocyte populations of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by feeding @entity19 with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet by a pair-feeding paradigm. Histological analysis of the MLNs of @entity167 -fed @entity19 showed a progressive loss of lymphocytes from the medullary regions at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of the @entity167 diet. The stromal cells in the medullary region also demonstrated a progressive alteration in stellate morphological features at times corresponding to those of loss of lymphocytes from this region. Microscopic evaluation of the follicle regions of MLNs obtained from @entity19 fed an @entity167 -containing diet showed no appreciable alterations in morphological characteristics. The number of tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the follicles, however, was increased after 3 days of @entity167 diet feeding and declined progressively after this time. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lymphocytes showed a depletion of both T and B cell populations from the MLNs. In contrast to B cells, however, T cells were depleted through 7 days of @entity167 diet feeding. Total RNA isolated from the MLNs of @entity19 consuming the @entity167 -containing diet was progressively degraded. No degradation of DNA was observed. These study results establish that continuous consumption of dietary @entity167 adversely affects the cellularity of MLN, resulting in a progressive loss of lymphocytes that is associated with degradation of total RNA.

title: XXXX -induced depletion of lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes of C57B1/6 @entity19 is associated with RNA but not DNA degradation.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: The effects of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption by adult female C57B1/6 @entity19 on lymphocyte populations of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by feeding @entity19 with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet by a pair-feeding paradigm. Histological analysis of the MLNs of @entity167 -fed @entity19 showed a progressive loss of lymphocytes from the medullary regions at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of the @entity167 diet. The stromal cells in the medullary region also demonstrated a progressive alteration in stellate morphological features at times corresponding to those of loss of lymphocytes from this region. Microscopic evaluation of the follicle regions of MLNs obtained from @entity19 fed an @entity167 -containing diet showed no appreciable alterations in morphological characteristics. The number of tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the follicles, however, was increased after 3 days of @entity167 diet feeding and declined progressively after this time. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lymphocytes showed a depletion of both T and B cell populations from the MLNs. In contrast to B cells, however, T cells were depleted through 7 days of @entity167 diet feeding. Total RNA isolated from the MLNs of @entity19 consuming the @entity167 -containing diet was progressively degraded. No degradation of DNA was observed. These study results establish that continuous consumption of dietary @entity167 adversely affects the cellularity of MLN, resulting in a progressive loss of lymphocytes that is associated with degradation of total RNA.

title: @entity1068 -induced depletion of lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes of C57B1/6 XXXX is associated with RNA but not DNA degradation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity599 mustard ( @entity30783 , @entity2033 ) is a potent cutaneous vesicant that causes gross blisters by separation of the epidermal-dermal junction (EDJ). The EDJ of the skin is a highly specialized and complex structure composed of several components and plays a major role in the integrity of the skin. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) was dosed with 0.2 mg/ml (n = 4), 5.0 mg/ml (n = 4), and 10.0 mg/ml (n = 5) @entity2033 or @entity1068 (n = 4) for 8 hr (dose-response study) and 10.0 mg/ml @entity2033 or @entity1068 for 1, 3, 5, and 8 hr (n = 4/treatment) (time-response study). Successful EDJ mapping was carried out in normal @entity1707 skin (NPS), @entity1068 -treated IPPSFs, and @entity2033 -treated IPPSFs using the following antibodies: laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, GB3 ( @entity12961 ), bullous pemphigoid (BP), and @entity27889 ( @entity27889 ). Two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies, L3d and 19-DEJ-1 (Uncein), did not cross-react with the EDJ of the pig. Antibody staining in NPS, ranging from very intense for laminin and type IV collagen to weak for fibronectin, was generally more discrete than in the IPPSF. No differences in staining were noted between the @entity1068 and nonblistered areas of the @entity2033 -treated IPPSFs. In @entity2033 -blistered areas, BP stained only the epidermal hemidesmosomes, and laminin, fibronectin, and GB3 stained primarily the dermis with fragments attached to the basal pole of the stratum base cells, while type IV collagen and @entity27889 stained only the dermis. Mapping of these epitopes determined that the precise plane of EDJ separation in the @entity2033 -treated skin occurred beneath the hemidesmosomes within the upper portion of the lamina lucida. The conservation of @entity1 epitopes in the EDJ of the @entity1707 further emphasizes the similarities between @entity1 skin and @entity1707 skin. Therefore, @entity1707 skin and the IPPSF may be used to study @entity2033 -induced vesication and @entity4530 .

title: Indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy distribution of eight epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the @entity1707 and in isolated perfused skin treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27889 :: ('MESH:D016107', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis bullosa acquisita', 'EBA']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blistering diseases']

entities_list: @entity30783 :: ('CHEBI:25434', 'Chemical') :: ['bis [2-chloroethyl] sulfide']

answer: @entity30783 :: (CHEBI:25434,Chemical) :: ['bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide']


abstract: @entity599 mustard ( @entity30783 , @entity2033 ) is a potent cutaneous vesicant that causes gross blisters by separation of the epidermal-dermal junction (EDJ). The EDJ of the skin is a highly specialized and complex structure composed of several components and plays a major role in the integrity of the skin. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) was dosed with 0.2 mg/ml (n = 4), 5.0 mg/ml (n = 4), and 10.0 mg/ml (n = 5) @entity2033 or @entity1068 (n = 4) for 8 hr (dose-response study) and 10.0 mg/ml @entity2033 or @entity1068 for 1, 3, 5, and 8 hr (n = 4/treatment) (time-response study). Successful EDJ mapping was carried out in normal @entity1707 skin (NPS), @entity1068 -treated IPPSFs, and @entity2033 -treated IPPSFs using the following antibodies: laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, GB3 ( @entity12961 ), bullous pemphigoid (BP), and @entity27889 ( @entity27889 ). Two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies, L3d and 19-DEJ-1 (Uncein), did not cross-react with the EDJ of the pig. Antibody staining in NPS, ranging from very intense for laminin and type IV collagen to weak for fibronectin, was generally more discrete than in the IPPSF. No differences in staining were noted between the @entity1068 and nonblistered areas of the @entity2033 -treated IPPSFs. In @entity2033 -blistered areas, BP stained only the epidermal hemidesmosomes, and laminin, fibronectin, and GB3 stained primarily the dermis with fragments attached to the basal pole of the stratum base cells, while type IV collagen and @entity27889 stained only the dermis. Mapping of these epitopes determined that the precise plane of EDJ separation in the @entity2033 -treated skin occurred beneath the hemidesmosomes within the upper portion of the lamina lucida. The conservation of @entity1 epitopes in the EDJ of the @entity1707 further emphasizes the similarities between @entity1 skin and @entity1707 skin. Therefore, @entity1707 skin and the IPPSF may be used to study @entity2033 -induced vesication and @entity4530 .

title: Indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy distribution of eight epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the XXXX and in isolated perfused skin treated with @entity30783 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: The decision to perform surgical versus nonoperative palliation for unresectable @entity788 is influenced by a number of factors. In most cases, @entity1 symptoms clearly dictate the management. In @entity1 with symptoms of @entity9727 at the time of presentation, surgery is the only option. In @entity1 with @entity3883 , the options for management must be weighed against factors such as overall health status, projected survival, and procedure-related morbidity and mortality. A prospective multicenter trial recently analyzed factors influencing perioperative morbidity and mortality following both curative and palliative surgery for @entity788 . This analysis demonstrated that preoperative @entity6 , low Kanofsky's index, and liver @entity3 are significant risk factors in predicting perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing palliative procedures for @entity788 . Another analysis focusing on @entity5 characteristics suggested that for @entity1 with Stage I and @entity34 (i.e., with no evidence of systemic @entity3 ), survival and the potential for late @entity9727 . In summary, although @entity1 management must be individualized, most @entity1 with @entity788 in good medical health and with no evidence of @entity262 are most appropriately managed with surgical palliation. This option affords @entity1 the best chance of avoiding the late complications of recurrent @entity1087 , @entity9727 , and disabling @entity158 . @entity954 can generally be completed with an acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality and a hospital stay of approximately 2 weeks. Finally, only surgical exploration can offer full opportunity for resection for cure.

title: XXXX of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice alone']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical palliation']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction', 'duodenal obstruction favor surgical management']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II disease']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['Surgical palliation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity1 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity1 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity583 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity1 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity715 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity583 , and stent @entity715 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of XXXX - and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity1 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity1 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity583 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity1 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity715 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity583 , and stent @entity715 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity2239 - and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of XXXX -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity1 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity1 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity583 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity1 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity715 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity583 , and stent @entity715 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity2239 - and XXXX -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity1 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity1 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity583 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity1 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity715 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity583 , and stent @entity715 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity2239 - and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and XXXX Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) based on conventional imaging techniques with phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect and localize blood flow in @entity989 ; and to compare these findings to conventional imaging, which are mostly invasive and give limited information concerning intra- and transretinal blood flow. DESIGN: Single-center, consecutive observational case series. METHODS: Twelve treatment-na  ve @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2479 based on fundus examination, @entity941 angiography, and @entity3194 angiography were included. Median age was 79 years (range 65-90). @entity1 were imaged with an experimental 1040  nm swept-source phase-resolved Doppler OCT instrument. Abnormal flow was defined as intraretinal neovascularization or @entity989 . RESULTS: In 11 @entity1 adequate phase-resolved Doppler OCT images were obtained showing @entity989 . In 4 @entity1 a @entity989 was found, 3 @entity1 showed intraretinal neovascularization connected with a @entity1713 , 2 @entity1 showed only intraretinal neovascularization, and in 2 @entity1 flow was limited to the subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelial space. CONCLUSIONS: Phase-resolved Doppler OCT is able to detect and localize abnormal @entity989 . Blood flow was mostly confined to the intraretinal structures with or without a connecting @entity1713 ; in one-third of @entity1 a @entity989 was detected. The potential of angiography with phase-resolved Doppler OCT to accurately distinguish between normal and pathologic blood flow in addition to structural OCT data without invasive procedures will help to further elucidate both @entity5995 and  @entity455 like @entity2479 .

title: Phase-resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomographic Features in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal vascular pathologies']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation', 'RAP']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pigment epithelial detachment']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RAP lesions', 'blood flow within RAP lesions', 'retinal choroidal anastomosis', 'abnormal blood flow in the RAP lesion']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation']


abstract: Of 104 @entity1 with @entity8482 multiplex @entity17631 treated between 1952 and 1982, 74 had significant knee @entity1159 , instability, or recurvatum. The minimum follow-up period was two years. Nonoperative treatment modalities included physical therapy, bracing, and serial casting in 43 @entity1 (78 knees). Thirty-one other @entity1 (46 knees) had 62 operative procedures, including hamstring and posterior capsular release, epiphysiodesis, distal femoral or proximal @entity4957 , arthrodesis, and @entity7687 . Surgery was reserved for the more resistant causes and was recommended only as part of an overall treatment plan including the correction of foot and @entity85 . The average follow-up period for the surgically treated @entity1 was 11 years, with a range of two to 20 years. Recurrence of @entity85 was frequent, with no one procedure being clearly favored. Physiotherapy alone rarely resulted in clinically significant improvement unless accompanied by prolonged casting and bracing. The most useful surgical procedure in the growing @entity1 was posterior capsular release performed in conjunction with hamstring tenotomy. Contractures treated by osteotomies before the completion of growth had a high rate of recurrence.

title: The knee in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['tibial osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['knee disarticulation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'hip deformities']

answer: @entity8482 :: (MESH:D001176,Disease) :: ['arthrogryposis']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A XXXX @entity10734 expressed in @entity19 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity1 @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity1 @entity10734 expressed in @entity19 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to XXXX @entity2841 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity1 XXXX expressed in @entity19 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity1 @entity2841 .

answer: @entity10734 :: (1438,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF receptor']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity1 @entity10734 expressed in @entity19 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity1 @entity10734 expressed in XXXX stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity1 @entity2841 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: As part of a larger study designed to characterize the early developmental stages of the Hormel-Hanford strain miniature @entity1707 , the brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, and spleen from male animals were examined for changes in RNA, DNA, and protein contents from 1 to 196 d after birth. Distinct patterns were found for changes with age in macromolecular levels. Protein levels increased from d 1 to 56 in all organs except spleen, in which little change was noted. Gel electrophoresis showed little qualitative change in the liver protein profile during this period. A fat-free, non-nucleic acid, protein-containing fraction, insoluble in hot alkali, appeared in the brain after approximately 1 wk following birth. DNA concentrations decreased markedly from d 1 to d 196 for brain, kidney, and spleen but decreased more gradually for liver and pancreas. RNA levels declined slightly or remained the same in all organs except pancreas, where a large increase occurred from d 1 to weaning (56 d). Growth proceeded in all organs by increases in cell number ( @entity1373 ), as evidenced by increases in total (level or concentration x organ weight) DNA, or by @entity1184 , as evidenced by increases in the ratio of protein to DNA or by a combination of both processes. @entity1184 growth was attained by d 56 and continued to sexual maturity in all organs except spleen. @entity5072 growth continued to sexual maturity in all organs except brain.

title: Growth patterns in selected organs of the miniature XXXX as determined by gross macromolecular composition.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplastic']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: The electrical and motor activity of the terminal ileum after proctocolectomy and ileoanal reservoir was evaluated in seven @entity1 who had undergone surgery for @entity31 . Recordings were carried out with an intraluminal probe under fasting conditions, during stepwise distention of the pouch, in the postprandial state and after administration of @entity1339 and @entity15021 . Ileal sensitivity was also studied. Phase III of the interdigestive myoelectric motor complex, when detectable (four @entity1 ), was characterized by regular spike bursts superimposed on slow waves at a frequency of 9 cycles per minute. Two different types of motor patterns were observed: short phasic waves lasting 2 to 6 seconds and long tonic waves lasting up to 2 minutes. In most cases, the amplitude and frequency of the pressure events were higher in the efferent limb than in the reservoir. Electrical activity of the surrounding rectal muscle and striated sphincters was also recorded. When distended to the maximum tolerable volume, the reservoir showed spike bursts propagated aborally at a frequency of 15 per minute, leading to large propulsive waves. An overall increase of spike activity was observed after a meal, which did not affect the slow waves. @entity1339 caused an irregular increase of electrical and motor activity, more evident in the efferent limb. @entity15021 , used to test the functional integrity of the myenteric plexus, elicited strong propulsive contractions and urgency. Leakage did not occur frequently either at rest or under stimuli. Onset of sensation was elicited with volumes of 271 +/- 149 ml (Mean +/- SD) in the reservoir and 17 +/- 6 ml in the efferent loop of small bowel (P less than 0.001). IN CONCLUSION: 1) most of the electrical and motor properties of the terminal ileum are retained after surgery; 2) due to its large capacity, the reservoir acts as a storage organ; and 3) overall motility is reduced in the pouch when compared with the distal ileum and propulsion in the triple-loop system is opposed by the activity of the anal sphincters.

title: Myoelectric and motor activity of the terminal ileum after pelvic pouch for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15021 :: ('MESH:D001726', 'Chemical') :: ['bisacodyl', 'Bisacodyl']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostigmine', 'Neostigmine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity4053 in @entity1 with nonislet cell @entity5 is often secondary to overexpression of @entity5 @entity5100 . In these @entity1 the formation of serum complexes between IGFs, @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and the @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ) is impaired. An 87-yr-old @entity1 with nonislet cell @entity5 resulting from a localized fibrous @entity5 was treated for 97 days with graded doses of @entity617 (30, 10, and 5 mg/day) followed by GH (1, 4, 8, 4, and 2 U/day). Both @entity617 and GH alleviated the @entity4053 , concomitantly with increases in @entity442 , @entity2301 , and @entity2777 levels. Pretreatment serum @entity10513 and @entity19518 levels were greatly elevated, but as @entity413 normalized with treatment, only @entity10513 decreased, showing an inverse correlation with @entity413 (r = 0.716). @entity10116 gave a variable pattern not clearly related to blood @entity413 . Both treatments caused a redistribution of serum @entity2301 from binary- to ternary-complexed forms. However, only @entity617 improved the ability of @entity2301 to bind @entity2777 in vitro. @entity617 also suppressed @entity5100 , the effect being confined to pro- @entity5100 forms. Compared with normal @entity5100 , pro- @entity5100 inhibited @entity2777 binding to @entity2301 in vitro. Although @entity617 and GH reverse @entity4053 by different mechanisms, with only @entity617 suppressing @entity5 @entity5100 secretion, both increase the formation of ternary IGF- @entity2301 complexes. We conclude that the failure of serum @entity2301 and @entity5 @entity5100 to complex with @entity2777 is a primary cause of @entity4053 in nonislet cell @entity5 .

title: Regulation of the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins by glucocorticoid and growth hormone in nonislet cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoglycemia', 'tumor of the pleura', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II', 'IGF-II']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'acid-labile subunit']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor hypoglycemia']


abstract: One hundred consecutive cases treated by Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT) since October 1991 were analysed to assess its efficacy and safety. Out of these, 28 were in urinary retention. @entity1 were selected based on Madsen Symptom Score (MSS), Uroflowmetry, Transrectal Ultrasound Scanning (TRUS) plus biopsy and flexible cystoscopy. In the non-retention group, symptomatic improvement was 81%; mean MSS dropped from 13.6 to 2.6 at one year. Objective improvement was less marked: mean peak urine flowrate (PFR) (+45%), mean residual volume (-63%) and mean prostatic volume (-15%). 8.3% had failed TUMT requiring TURP. In the retention group, 79% was able to void freely after TUMT. Fourteen percent underwent TURP. Based on given criteria, the overall response rate for MSS and PFR averaged 71% at 3 months, 72% at 6 months and 84% at 1 year. Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 who responded to a phone interview were satisfied with TUMT treatment. Minimal morbidity was encountered: temporary retention for non-retention group (24%), UTI (9%), haematuria (7%), @entity323 (2%) and @entity292 (1%). There was no treatment-related @entity204 . The results showed that TUMT is a viable alternative and safe treatment of @entity1067 .

title: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for XXXX ( @entity1067 )--our first 100 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: One hundred consecutive cases treated by Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT) since October 1991 were analysed to assess its efficacy and safety. Out of these, 28 were in urinary retention. @entity1 were selected based on Madsen Symptom Score (MSS), Uroflowmetry, Transrectal Ultrasound Scanning (TRUS) plus biopsy and flexible cystoscopy. In the non-retention group, symptomatic improvement was 81%; mean MSS dropped from 13.6 to 2.6 at one year. Objective improvement was less marked: mean peak urine flowrate (PFR) (+45%), mean residual volume (-63%) and mean prostatic volume (-15%). 8.3% had failed TUMT requiring TURP. In the retention group, 79% was able to void freely after TUMT. Fourteen percent underwent TURP. Based on given criteria, the overall response rate for MSS and PFR averaged 71% at 3 months, 72% at 6 months and 84% at 1 year. Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 who responded to a phone interview were satisfied with TUMT treatment. Minimal morbidity was encountered: temporary retention for non-retention group (24%), UTI (9%), haematuria (7%), @entity323 (2%) and @entity292 (1%). There was no treatment-related @entity204 . The results showed that TUMT is a viable alternative and safe treatment of @entity1067 .

title: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for @entity1067 ( XXXX )--our first 100 cases.

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['BPH']


abstract: This article presents a preliminary analysis of 118 @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity16 . 86% of @entity1 in this series were homosexual, and the @entity791 diagnosis was made on the basis of @entity1292 in almost 50% and of @entity2826 with or without @entity1292 in 38%. @entity4767 (e.g., subacute @entity198 , @entity3252 , primary @entity149 ) were the most common group of complications, and autopsy findings indicated that 87% of @entity1 eventually developed CNS complications. Subacute @entity198 was found alone or with other pathology in over 2/3 of autopsied brains. Principal neuropathologic changes in @entity791 include the presence of scattered glial nodules, especially in gray matter. To define the clinical features of the glial nodule subacute @entity198 , the clinical features of 18 @entity1 exhibiting these changes at postmortem examination were further analyzed. With the exception of @entity410 , clinical manifestations were nonfocal, correlating with the diffuse distribution of the microscopic pathology. CNS symptoms most commonly followed the diagnosis of @entity791 by 2-9 months, and 11 of these 18 @entity1 died within 6 months of onset of @entity6220 . The electroencephalogram (EEG) was abnormal in 100% of @entity1 tested, while computerized tomographic (CT) scans were abnormal in 70%, with @entity194 being the most common finding. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in 67%. Early complaints were difficulty in concentration or @entity2414 which progressed in some to severe global @entity303 or @entity772 . Neither the etiology nor the pathogenesis of subacute @entity198 have been established, although cytomegalovirus is regarded as a prime etiologic candidate.

title: XXXX complicating @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system (CNS) infections']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological syndromes']


abstract: This article presents a preliminary analysis of 118 @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity16 . 86% of @entity1 in this series were homosexual, and the @entity791 diagnosis was made on the basis of @entity1292 in almost 50% and of @entity2826 with or without @entity1292 in 38%. @entity4767 (e.g., subacute @entity198 , @entity3252 , primary @entity149 ) were the most common group of complications, and autopsy findings indicated that 87% of @entity1 eventually developed CNS complications. Subacute @entity198 was found alone or with other pathology in over 2/3 of autopsied brains. Principal neuropathologic changes in @entity791 include the presence of scattered glial nodules, especially in gray matter. To define the clinical features of the glial nodule subacute @entity198 , the clinical features of 18 @entity1 exhibiting these changes at postmortem examination were further analyzed. With the exception of @entity410 , clinical manifestations were nonfocal, correlating with the diffuse distribution of the microscopic pathology. CNS symptoms most commonly followed the diagnosis of @entity791 by 2-9 months, and 11 of these 18 @entity1 died within 6 months of onset of @entity6220 . The electroencephalogram (EEG) was abnormal in 100% of @entity1 tested, while computerized tomographic (CT) scans were abnormal in 70%, with @entity194 being the most common finding. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in 67%. Early complaints were difficulty in concentration or @entity2414 which progressed in some to severe global @entity303 or @entity772 . Neither the etiology nor the pathogenesis of subacute @entity198 have been established, although cytomegalovirus is regarded as a prime etiologic candidate.

title: @entity16 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Bioptic material of the small intestine is suitable for short-time in-vitro incubation in @entity665 labelled medium followed by autoradiography. Histological and autoradiographic investigations of the small intestine of 45 @entity1 yielded the following characteristic findings: 1. 93 per cent of the healthy controls (n = 14) showed normal mucous membrane (Type I according to Shmerling) and a mean @entity665 labelling index of 13 per cent. 2. Normal histological findings but a mean autoradiographic labelling index of 22 per cent were recorded from 87 per cent of @entity1 with @entity291 's milk or @entity948 incompatibility (n = 12). 3. Mucous membrane of Shmerling Type I and a labelling index of enterocytes of 32 per cent was recorded from 50 per cent of @entity1 with @entity66 (n = 19) after diet periods of seven or three to five months. Other @entity1 with @entity66 but without therapy up to that time showed in 80 per cent the Shmerlings Type III and in 20 per cent Type II accompanied by the highest labelling index of 35 per cent. The increase of proliferative activity of enterocytes in @entity66 shown by autoradiography and histological observations ( @entity194 ) suggested an increased rate of cell death which led to the need for high cell replacement. This autoradiographic method used complementarily to usual histological diagnosis, has proved to help saving an enormous amount of time in the diagnosis of @entity66 .

title: [Small intestine biopsies in @entity1 with malabsorption syndrome. Autoradiographic studies with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

answer: @entity665 :: (CHEBI:53526,Chemical) :: ['3H-thymidine']


abstract: Bioptic material of the small intestine is suitable for short-time in-vitro incubation in @entity665 labelled medium followed by autoradiography. Histological and autoradiographic investigations of the small intestine of 45 @entity1 yielded the following characteristic findings: 1. 93 per cent of the healthy controls (n = 14) showed normal mucous membrane (Type I according to Shmerling) and a mean @entity665 labelling index of 13 per cent. 2. Normal histological findings but a mean autoradiographic labelling index of 22 per cent were recorded from 87 per cent of @entity1 with @entity291 's milk or @entity948 incompatibility (n = 12). 3. Mucous membrane of Shmerling Type I and a labelling index of enterocytes of 32 per cent was recorded from 50 per cent of @entity1 with @entity66 (n = 19) after diet periods of seven or three to five months. Other @entity1 with @entity66 but without therapy up to that time showed in 80 per cent the Shmerlings Type III and in 20 per cent Type II accompanied by the highest labelling index of 35 per cent. The increase of proliferative activity of enterocytes in @entity66 shown by autoradiography and histological observations ( @entity194 ) suggested an increased rate of cell death which led to the need for high cell replacement. This autoradiographic method used complementarily to usual histological diagnosis, has proved to help saving an enormous amount of time in the diagnosis of @entity66 .

title: [Small intestine biopsies in XXXX with malabsorption syndrome. Autoradiographic studies with @entity665 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The overall incidence of clinically important (moderate to severe) @entity14563 ranges from 1% to 10% of IVF cycles, but only a small proportion (0.5% to 2%) of the cases are severe. In extreme but rare cases, secondary complications such as @entity1150 , @entity649 and @entity810 may occur. The main risk factors are the presence of @entity3610 , high ovarian response to superovulation therapy, the use of hCG to trigger the ovulatory process or for luteal phase support, and the endogenous production of hCG by an early pregnancy. The pathogenesis of @entity14563 is unknown, although the predominant biochemical mediator is thought to be the renin-angiotensin system. Ovarian stimulation should always be carefully monitored to identify those @entity1 at risk. In IVF cycles, the hCG injection should be withheld if the risk is judged to be too great. Some @entity1 will benefit from a policy of proceeding to collect oocytes, but electively cryopreserving any resulting embryos, thus allowing the ovarian stimulation cycle not to be wasted. The administration of albumin at the time of oocyte collection will reduce the chance of severe @entity14563 occurring. If a decision is made to proceed with oocyte recovery and embryo transfer, it may be advisable to give 5000 IU of hCG, rather than 10,000 IU, as the ovulatory trigger. @entity1420 , and not hCG, should be given in the luteal phase. @entity1 developing mild or moderate @entity14563 should be kept under outpatient surveillance to detect the minority that may progress to severe @entity14563 . Those with severe @entity14563 should be hospitalised for fluid and electrolyte management. Paracentesis under ultrasound guidance is recommended where there are tense ascites, but further surgical intervention should rarely be undertaken and only when there is good clinical evidence of @entity43 or @entity548 .

title: Diagnosis, prevention and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian torsion']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovaries']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepato-renal failure']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: Plasma membrane fragments from two variants of a @entity19 @entity706 , Eb and ESb, with different metastatic capacity were investigated. Plasma membranes were isolated from @entity5 cells recovered from the peritoneal cavity. They differed in their lipid composition, indicating a more fluid state of the plasma membranes derived from the highly metastatic @entity5 line ESb. Extracellular membrane vesicles could be isolated from the ascites of the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The shedding capacity of ESb cells was much higher than that of Eb cells. The extracellular membranes by chemical analysis and the measurement of marker enzymes proved to be derived from the plasma membranes. However, they differed from the plasma membranes from which they were derived in several aspects: the lipid to protein ratio was diminished; the activities of some plasma membrane-associated enzymes were lower while others were identical in plasma membranes and extracellular membranes; the content of @entity1718 in phospholipids was enhanced in extracellular membranes. These effects were more pronounced in the highly metastasizing @entity5 line ESb. It is thus concluded that shedding of extracellular membranes is not a random process. The biochemical differences found in the plasma membranes and the extracellular membranes of the two @entity5 lines are discussed with respect to the different metastatic capacity of the @entity5 .

title: Characterization of cellular and extracellular plasma membrane vesicles from a non-metastasizing XXXX (Eb) and its metastasizing variant (ESb).

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: @entity8262 -dependent protein kinase in extracts of @entity291 aortic tissue eluted from @entity8851 -cellulose ion-exchange resins as two distinct peaks of activity. This elution pattern was preserved when the peaks were combined, precipitated with @entity1329 , dialyzed, and rechromatographed. Proteolysis did not appear to account for the two forms of kinase because (i) aging of the extract did not cause interconversion of the two forms, and (ii) both forms retained @entity6708 sensitivity unlike the proteolytically formed monomer. In addition, treatment with saturating concentrations of @entity6708 (10 microM) did not cause interconversion of the two forms. The first peak of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase eluting from DEAE-cellulose (form 1) had a slightly greater mobility on gradient @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels than the second peak (form 2). On native, nondenaturing gradient @entity2975 gels, however, form 2 displayed the greater electrophoretic mobility. Furthermore, form 1, when bound to @entity268 - @entity3367 , appeared to exchange more rapidly with @entity6708 than form 2 when subjected to affinity chromatography. Peptide maps generated from the two forms by protease treatment were very similar, although trypsin produced a unique peptide in form 1 and @entity10644 protease gave rise to unique peptides in forms 1 and 2. Phosphorylation did not appear to account for the physical differences because both enzymes could be phosphorylated to similar extents and dephosphorylation using alkaline phosphatase did not result in the conversion of one form to the other. These results suggest that either differences in primary structure or post-translational modification, other than phosphorylation, are responsible for the presence of two forms of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase in aortic tissue.

title: Purification and characterization of two forms of XXXX -dependent protein kinase from @entity291 aorta.

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces griseus']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1329 :: ('MESH:D000645', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulfate']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['cyclic GMP']


abstract: @entity8262 -dependent protein kinase in extracts of @entity291 aortic tissue eluted from @entity8851 -cellulose ion-exchange resins as two distinct peaks of activity. This elution pattern was preserved when the peaks were combined, precipitated with @entity1329 , dialyzed, and rechromatographed. Proteolysis did not appear to account for the two forms of kinase because (i) aging of the extract did not cause interconversion of the two forms, and (ii) both forms retained @entity6708 sensitivity unlike the proteolytically formed monomer. In addition, treatment with saturating concentrations of @entity6708 (10 microM) did not cause interconversion of the two forms. The first peak of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase eluting from DEAE-cellulose (form 1) had a slightly greater mobility on gradient @entity3208 - @entity2975 gels than the second peak (form 2). On native, nondenaturing gradient @entity2975 gels, however, form 2 displayed the greater electrophoretic mobility. Furthermore, form 1, when bound to @entity268 - @entity3367 , appeared to exchange more rapidly with @entity6708 than form 2 when subjected to affinity chromatography. Peptide maps generated from the two forms by protease treatment were very similar, although trypsin produced a unique peptide in form 1 and @entity10644 protease gave rise to unique peptides in forms 1 and 2. Phosphorylation did not appear to account for the physical differences because both enzymes could be phosphorylated to similar extents and dephosphorylation using alkaline phosphatase did not result in the conversion of one form to the other. These results suggest that either differences in primary structure or post-translational modification, other than phosphorylation, are responsible for the presence of two forms of @entity6708 -dependent protein kinase in aortic tissue.

title: Purification and characterization of two forms of @entity8262 -dependent protein kinase from XXXX aorta.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Decision-making in @entity1 with @entity697 poses a diagnostic challenge worldwide, despite much advancement in abdominal surgery. The Modified Alvarado Scoring System (MASS) has been reported to be a cheap and quick diagnostic tool in @entity1 with @entity697 . However, differences in diagnostic accuracy have been observed if the scores were applied to various populations and clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Modified Alvarado Scoring System in @entity1 with @entity697 in our setting. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving all @entity1 suspected to have @entity697 at Bugando Medical Centre over a six-month period between November 2008 and April 2009 was conducted. All @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled in the study. They were evaluated on admission using the MASS to determine whether they had @entity697 or not. All @entity1 underwent appendicectomy according to the hospital protocol. The decision to operate was the prerogative of the surgeon or surgical resident based on overall clinical judgment and not the MASS. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological examination. Data was collected using a pre-tested coded questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical computer software. RESULTS: A total number of 127 @entity1 were studied. Their ages ranged from eight to 76 years (mean 29.64    12.97). There were 37 (29.1%) males and 90 (70.9%) females (M: F = 1:2.4). All @entity1 in this study underwent appendicectomy. The perforation rate was 9.4%. Histopathological examination confirmed @entity698 in 85 @entity1 (66.9%) and the remaining 42 @entity1 had normal appendix giving a negative appendicectomy rate of 33.1% (26.8% for males and 38.3% for females). The sensitivity and specificity of MASS in this study were 94.1% (males 95.8% and females 88.3%) and 90.4% (males 92.9% and females 89.7%) respectively. The Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value were 95.2% (males 95.5% and females 90.6%) and 88.4% (males 89.3% and females 80.1%) respectively. The accuracy of MASS was 92.9% (males 91.5% and females 87.6%). CONCLUSION: The study shows that use of MASS in @entity1 suspected to have @entity697 provides a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and can be employed at Bugando Medical Centre to improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity697 and subsequently reduces negative appendicectomy and complication rates. However, additional investigations may be required to confirm the diagnosis in case of atypical presentation.

title: Modified Alvarado Scoring System as a diagnostic tool for XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: 1. @entity29594 phosphorylase has been isolated and partially purified from crude preparations of @entity840 liver nuclei. 2. The enzyme is particulate and associated with RNA and lipids characteristic of membranes. 3. It has phosphorolysis and exchange activities, but the latter may be due to a contaminating enzyme. 4. The phosphorolysis activity is dependent on bivalent cations, preferably @entity1025 , has a pH optimum between 8.6 and 9.2 and is inhibited by @entity4337 and @entity2827 . 5. The enzyme catalyses phosphorolysis of poly A, poly C, poly U, rRNA and tRNA. Poly G is only phosphorolysed to a very small extent and DNA is not a substrate. 6. The enzyme appears to lack @entity5688 polymerization activity.

title: Partial purification and properties of XXXX liver polynucleotide phosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity29594 :: ('CHEBI:15986', 'Chemical') :: ['Polynucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between expression of fragile @entity3793 triad gene protein, @entity21900 , and clinicopathological characteristics of @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: @entity21900 protein expression was detected in 92 cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity2 by @entity1792 -microwave-SP immunohistochemical method, of which 52 were @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and 40 @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Its relationship to histological grade, @entity1600 and histological classification were analysed. RESULTS: The loss of @entity21900 protein expression were found in 62.0% (57/92) and 4.3% (4/92) of @entity5 tissue and normal lung tissue, respectively and there was a significant difference in the expression of @entity21900 protein between @entity5 and normal tissue (P=0.000). 53.8% (28/52) of the cases of @entity1149 showed a marked loss or absence of @entity21900 expression, 46.2% (24/52) of cases were negative, 7.7% (4/52) showed a higher expression and 38.5% (20/52) equal to the level of @entity21900 expression compared with the matched normal tissues. The loss of @entity21900 expression was closely related to histological grade (P=0.003), to @entity1600 (P=0.029), and to histological classification of the cases (P=0.003). There was a significant difference between grade I+II (38.2%; 13/34) and @entity5 (83.3%; 15/18), between @entity5 with @entity1600 (70.8%; 17/24) and those without (39.3%; 11/28), and between @entity957 ( 68.6%; 24/35) and @entity420 (23.5%; 4/17). The loss of @entity21900 protein expression was found in 33 of 40 cases of @entity5 (82.5%) and the remainder 7 cases (17.5%) showed the same quantity of expression of @entity21900 , compared with the normal bronchial mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity21900 protein may be associated with the decreasing differentiation, @entity1600 and histological classification in @entity1149 , and be corresponding to the occurrence and evolution of @entity5 . These results suggest that the decreased @entity21900 expression plays an important role in the development and progression of the @entity5 , and thus may become a new prognostic marker in @entity1 @entity2 .

title: [Clinicopathological analysis of loss of fragile @entity3793 triad expression in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III cancer', 'small cell cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'SCLC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between expression of fragile @entity3793 triad gene protein, @entity21900 , and clinicopathological characteristics of @entity1 @entity2 . METHODS: @entity21900 protein expression was detected in 92 cases of @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity2 by @entity1792 -microwave-SP immunohistochemical method, of which 52 were @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and 40 @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Its relationship to histological grade, @entity1600 and histological classification were analysed. RESULTS: The loss of @entity21900 protein expression were found in 62.0% (57/92) and 4.3% (4/92) of @entity5 tissue and normal lung tissue, respectively and there was a significant difference in the expression of @entity21900 protein between @entity5 and normal tissue (P=0.000). 53.8% (28/52) of the cases of @entity1149 showed a marked loss or absence of @entity21900 expression, 46.2% (24/52) of cases were negative, 7.7% (4/52) showed a higher expression and 38.5% (20/52) equal to the level of @entity21900 expression compared with the matched normal tissues. The loss of @entity21900 expression was closely related to histological grade (P=0.003), to @entity1600 (P=0.029), and to histological classification of the cases (P=0.003). There was a significant difference between grade I+II (38.2%; 13/34) and @entity5 (83.3%; 15/18), between @entity5 with @entity1600 (70.8%; 17/24) and those without (39.3%; 11/28), and between @entity957 ( 68.6%; 24/35) and @entity420 (23.5%; 4/17). The loss of @entity21900 protein expression was found in 33 of 40 cases of @entity5 (82.5%) and the remainder 7 cases (17.5%) showed the same quantity of expression of @entity21900 , compared with the normal bronchial mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of @entity21900 protein may be associated with the decreasing differentiation, @entity1600 and histological classification in @entity1149 , and be corresponding to the occurrence and evolution of @entity5 . These results suggest that the decreased @entity21900 expression plays an important role in the development and progression of the @entity5 , and thus may become a new prognostic marker in @entity1 @entity2 .

title: [Clinicopathological analysis of loss of fragile XXXX triad expression in @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['histidine']


abstract: The interaction of normal @entity1 B cell precursors with the bone marrow (BM) stromal cells that support their growth and maturation is mediated by adhesion of B cell @entity5690 / @entity2393 (alpha 4 beta 1 integrin or VLA-4) to stromal cell signal transduction, we generated @entity5690 -deficient variants of the RAMOS early b @entity2109 cell line. RAMOS was chosen due to its lack of expression of @entity16445 (alpha 5 integrin) and @entity1759 , which could potentially interact with stromal cells or their extracellular matrix. In contrast to the parental RAMOS cell line, @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines did not adhere to primary @entity1 BM stromal cells. @entity669 phosphorylation of several stromal cell proteins was stimulated within 5 to 10 min of contact with either @entity5690 -expressing or @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS. These proteins included a 110-kDa substrate tentatively identified as @entity3818 . In contrast, mAb cross-linking of stromal cell @entity4725 had no significant effect on protein @entity669 phosphorylation. @entity650 production by stromal cells was enhanced up to fourfold over 3 days when stromal cells were cultured in contact with RAMOS cells, regardless of @entity5690 expression. Stromal cell @entity650 production was not significantly enhanced by RAMOS cells cultured above the stromal cells in Transwell inserts. Thus, we have demonstrated through the use of paired @entity5690 -expressing and @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines that protein @entity669 kinase activity and @entity650 production by primary @entity1 BM stromal cells can be enhanced in a manner that is dependent on B cell contact but independent of @entity5690 -mediated adhesion. These results indicate the potential for B cells to interact with cells in their microenvironment and activate feedback mechanisms mediated by stromal cells, which may regulate lymphopoiesis.

title: Stimulation of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cell XXXX kinases and @entity650 production by contact with B lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The interaction of normal @entity1 B cell precursors with the bone marrow (BM) stromal cells that support their growth and maturation is mediated by adhesion of B cell @entity5690 / @entity2393 (alpha 4 beta 1 integrin or VLA-4) to stromal cell signal transduction, we generated @entity5690 -deficient variants of the RAMOS early b @entity2109 cell line. RAMOS was chosen due to its lack of expression of @entity16445 (alpha 5 integrin) and @entity1759 , which could potentially interact with stromal cells or their extracellular matrix. In contrast to the parental RAMOS cell line, @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines did not adhere to primary @entity1 BM stromal cells. @entity669 phosphorylation of several stromal cell proteins was stimulated within 5 to 10 min of contact with either @entity5690 -expressing or @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS. These proteins included a 110-kDa substrate tentatively identified as @entity3818 . In contrast, mAb cross-linking of stromal cell @entity4725 had no significant effect on protein @entity669 phosphorylation. @entity650 production by stromal cells was enhanced up to fourfold over 3 days when stromal cells were cultured in contact with RAMOS cells, regardless of @entity5690 expression. Stromal cell @entity650 production was not significantly enhanced by RAMOS cells cultured above the stromal cells in Transwell inserts. Thus, we have demonstrated through the use of paired @entity5690 -expressing and @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines that protein @entity669 kinase activity and @entity650 production by primary @entity1 BM stromal cells can be enhanced in a manner that is dependent on B cell contact but independent of @entity5690 -mediated adhesion. These results indicate the potential for B cells to interact with cells in their microenvironment and activate feedback mechanisms mediated by stromal cells, which may regulate lymphopoiesis.

title: Stimulation of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cell @entity669 kinases and XXXX production by contact with B lymphocytes.

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: The interaction of normal @entity1 B cell precursors with the bone marrow (BM) stromal cells that support their growth and maturation is mediated by adhesion of B cell @entity5690 / @entity2393 (alpha 4 beta 1 integrin or VLA-4) to stromal cell signal transduction, we generated @entity5690 -deficient variants of the RAMOS early b @entity2109 cell line. RAMOS was chosen due to its lack of expression of @entity16445 (alpha 5 integrin) and @entity1759 , which could potentially interact with stromal cells or their extracellular matrix. In contrast to the parental RAMOS cell line, @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines did not adhere to primary @entity1 BM stromal cells. @entity669 phosphorylation of several stromal cell proteins was stimulated within 5 to 10 min of contact with either @entity5690 -expressing or @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS. These proteins included a 110-kDa substrate tentatively identified as @entity3818 . In contrast, mAb cross-linking of stromal cell @entity4725 had no significant effect on protein @entity669 phosphorylation. @entity650 production by stromal cells was enhanced up to fourfold over 3 days when stromal cells were cultured in contact with RAMOS cells, regardless of @entity5690 expression. Stromal cell @entity650 production was not significantly enhanced by RAMOS cells cultured above the stromal cells in Transwell inserts. Thus, we have demonstrated through the use of paired @entity5690 -expressing and @entity5690 -deficient RAMOS cell lines that protein @entity669 kinase activity and @entity650 production by primary @entity1 BM stromal cells can be enhanced in a manner that is dependent on B cell contact but independent of @entity5690 -mediated adhesion. These results indicate the potential for B cells to interact with cells in their microenvironment and activate feedback mechanisms mediated by stromal cells, which may regulate lymphopoiesis.

title: Stimulation of XXXX bone marrow stromal cell @entity669 kinases and @entity650 production by contact with B lymphocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical-radiological features of @entity3799 due to degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSL). METHODS: A total of 448 @entity1 were operated for @entity3799 at Nishitaga National Hospital between 2000 and 2003. Of these @entity1 , DSL at the symptomatic disc level was observed in 22 (4.9%) @entity1 . Clinical features were investigated by medical records, and radiological features were investigated by radiographs. RESULTS: Disc levels of DSL were C3/4 in 6 cases and C4/5 in 16 cases. Distance of anterior slippage was 2 to 5 mm (average 2.9 mm) in flexion position. Space available for the spinal cord (SAC) was 11 to 15 mm (average 12.8 mm) in flexion position and 11 to 18 mm (average 14.6 mm) in extension position; 11 cases were reducible and 11 cases were irreducible in extension position. Myelograms demonstrated compression of spinal cord by the ligamentum flavum in extension position. @entity1745 was not demonstrated in flexion position. C5-7 @entity1515 angle was lower than control. C5-7 range of motion (ROM) was reduced compared to controls. These alterations were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: DSL occurs in the mid-cervical spine. Lower cervical spine demonstrated restricted ROM and lower @entity1515 angle. Pathogenesis of @entity3799 due to DSL is compression of spinal cord by the ligamentum flavum in extension position and not by reduced SAC in flexion position.

title: XXXX due to degenerative spondylolisthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['Compression of spinal cord']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical myelopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3528 persists in 30 - 50% of @entity1 after a successful kidney transplant and it is the most frequent cause of @entity2741 after transplant, contributing to graft loss and mortality. Several medical therapies have been studied for the treatment of this condition without clear benefit. Recently, interest has grown in the use of cinacalcet in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We describe the efficacy of cinacalcet in 18 kidney transplant @entity1 with persistent @entity2742 and progressive @entity2741 treated for a period of 12-months. We analyzed serum @entity460 , @entity3151 and parathyroid hormone levels every 6 months, and cinacalcet was titrated if necessary. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. RESULTS: With therapy, all @entity1 exhibited significant reduction in parathyroid hormone levels, from a mean value of 242.04    105.82 pg/ml to a mean value of 145.62    54.99 pg/ml (p < 0.001) 12 months later. In addition, serum @entity460 levels normalized during the study period, from 11.16 mg/d to 9.95 mg/dl (mean values) (p < 0.001). No significant change in serum @entity1011 was found in this group of @entity1 . Cinacalcet was well tolerated, with no side effects documented. CONCLUSION: This preliminary experience suggests that cinacalcet may be useful in the treatment of persistent @entity2742 after kidney transplant. In addition, cinacalcet controlled @entity2741 , which has well known adverse effects after transplant. This was accomplished with no evidence of declining kidney function or limiting side effects.

title: Cinacalcet in the treatment of persistent XXXX after kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported an association between a low or lowered blood total @entity165 (TC) level and subsequent nonatherosclerotic disease incidence or @entity204 . The question of whether low TC is a true risk factor or alternatively a consequence of occult disease at the time of TC measurement remains unsettled. To shed new light onto this problem, we analyzed TC change over a 6- year period (from exam 1 in 1965 through 1968 to exam 3 in 1971 through 1974) in relation to subsequent 16-year mortality in a cohort of Japanese American @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was based on 5941 @entity1 45 to 68 years of age without prior history of @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity5 , or @entity409 at exam 1 who also participated in exam 3 of the Honolulu Heart Program. The association of TC change with mortality end points was investigated with two different approaches (continuous and categorical TC change) with standard survival analysis techniques. Falling TC level was accompanied by a subsequent increased risk of @entity204 caused by some @entity5 (hemopoietic, esophageal, and prostate), noncardiovascular noncancer causes (particularly @entity409 ), and all causes. The risk-factor-adjusted rate of all-cause mortality was 30% higher (relative risk, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) among @entity1 with a decline from middle (180 to 239 mg/dL) to low (< 180 mg/dL) TC than in @entity1 remaining at a stable middle level. By contrast, there was no significant increase in all-cause mortality risk among cohort @entity1 with stable low TC levels. Nonillness mortality ( @entity204 caused by @entity130 and suicide) was not related to either TC change or the average of TC levels in exams 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: These results add strength to the reverse-causality proposition that @entity66 cause TC to decrease.

title: Low serum XXXX and mortality. Which is the cause and which is the effect?

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['catabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'gastrointestinal-liver disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1760 in treating @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been controversial. Several small clinical trials indicate that @entity1760 may have a role in treating @entity583 early, whereas the other results suggest that @entity1760 is of questionable benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS: We looked at the effect of @entity1760 on @entity1188 size (IS) when given during a @entity1563 and after reperfusion. @entity2399 ( @entity73260 bolus plus 2 mEq/h for 5 hours) was given at 15 or 45 minutes of @entity1563 or 15 minutes of reperfusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 300 minutes of reperfusion. IS to area at risk (IS/AR) was measured by planimetry after @entity5045 staining. Collateral myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. The IS/AR ratio in the control group was 52.3 +/- 19.6% compared with 20.5 +/- 11.7% and 21.3 +/- 6.5% at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion, respectively (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the reduction in IS at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion. Although there was a reduction in the IS when @entity1760 was administered during reperfusion (38.2 +/- 13.4%), it was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the AR relative to the total left ventricular weight between the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1760 infusion during a @entity1563 has a significant benefit in reducing the IS in this model. @entity1760 may have a beneficial clinical role in @entity583 , especially if administered before reperfusion as a bolus followed by a constant infusion.

title: XXXX reduces @entity583 size when administered before but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1760 in treating @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been controversial. Several small clinical trials indicate that @entity1760 may have a role in treating @entity583 early, whereas the other results suggest that @entity1760 is of questionable benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS: We looked at the effect of @entity1760 on @entity1188 size (IS) when given during a @entity1563 and after reperfusion. @entity2399 ( @entity73260 bolus plus 2 mEq/h for 5 hours) was given at 15 or 45 minutes of @entity1563 or 15 minutes of reperfusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 300 minutes of reperfusion. IS to area at risk (IS/AR) was measured by planimetry after @entity5045 staining. Collateral myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. The IS/AR ratio in the control group was 52.3 +/- 19.6% compared with 20.5 +/- 11.7% and 21.3 +/- 6.5% at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion, respectively (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the reduction in IS at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion. Although there was a reduction in the IS when @entity1760 was administered during reperfusion (38.2 +/- 13.4%), it was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the AR relative to the total left ventricular weight between the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1760 infusion during a @entity1563 has a significant benefit in reducing the IS in this model. @entity1760 may have a beneficial clinical role in @entity583 , especially if administered before reperfusion as a bolus followed by a constant infusion.

title: @entity2399 reduces XXXX size when administered before but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: The pharmacohistochemical technique of Butcher (1978) and @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) immunocytochemistry were used to demonstrate the presence, morphology, and differential distribution of 2 classes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive, @entity4268 -negative neurons in the @entity35 olfactory bulb. One population of these neurons is located preferentially in a stratum just deep to the mitral cell layer (mcl). These AChE-positive intramitral neurons are significantly larger than the predominant inframitral neuronal type, the granule cell. Inframitral AChE-positive neurons appear to send processes deeper into the granule cell layer and superficially into the external plexiform layer (epl), above the mcl. Neurophysiological experiments reported in a companion article are consistent with the existence of a population of cholinoceptive neurons with the location and characteristics of these large inframitral interneurons. A second class of AChE-positive, @entity4268 -negative neurons is found exclusively in the glomerular layer. These neurons are located primarily in the periglomerular region and the superficial third of the epl; they are somewhat larger than typical periglomerular cells. Juxtaglomerular AChE neurons are smaller than inframitral AChE neurons. Since there are no neurons in the olfactory bulb that produce @entity4268 , the synthetic enzyme for @entity1617 , the AChE-positive cells reported here are hypothesized to be cholinoceptive neurons for the cholinergic projection from the basal forebrain to the olfactory bulb. Anatomical, physiological, and receptor-ligand binding data are consistent with this interpretation.

title: Two anatomically specific classes of candidate cholinoceptive neurons in the XXXX olfactory bulb.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The bidirectional Glenn (BDG) is frequently used in the staged surgical management of single ventricle @entity1 . Controversy exists whether @entity450 ( @entity450 ) sources should be left at the time of the BDG to augment systemic saturation or should be eliminated to reduce volume load of the ventricle. The present study was a retrospective review to assess the influence of @entity450 on outcome after the BDG. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 have undergone BDG at our institute during the interval from 1986 through 1994. At the time of BDG, 40 @entity1 had either a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt or patent right ventricular outflow tract as an additional source of pulmonary blood flow. Fifty-two @entity1 had elimination of @entity450 . There were three operative @entity204 (two with and one without @entity450 ) and four procedures (two in each group) that failed and required subsequent revision. Thus, there were 85 @entity1 who underwent successful operation. Effusions (defined as chest tube drainage exceeding 7 days' duration) occurred in 8 of 85 @entity1 ; this complication was seen in 7 of 36 @entity1 (19%) with @entity450 and 1 of 49 @entity1 (2%) without @entity450 (P < .05). There were 11 @entity204 , including 6 @entity1 (17%) with @entity450 , 2 @entity1 (4%) without @entity450 , and 3 of the @entity1 (75%) who had a failed BDG. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that morbidity and mortality are lower in @entity1 in whom @entity450 is eliminated at the time of the BDG.

title: Bidirectional Glenn. Is XXXX good or bad?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['accessory pulmonary blood flow', 'APBF']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['accessory pulmonary blood flow']