abstract: The scl gene encodes a basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor which was identified through its involvement in chromosomal translocations in @entity1619 . To elucidate its physiological role, scl was targeted in embryonic stem cells. @entity19 heterozygous for the scl null mutation were intercrossed and their offspring were genotyped. Homozygous mutant (scl-/-) pups were not detected in newborn litters, and analysis at earlier time points demonstrated that scl-/- embryos were dying around embryonic day 9.5. The scl-/- embryos were pale, @entity4 , and markedly @entity851 after embryonic day 8.75. Histological studies showed complete absence of recognizable hematopoiesis in the yolk sac of these embryos. Early organogenesis appeared to be otherwise normal. Culture of yolk sac cells of wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous littermates confirmed the absence of hematopoietic cells in scl-/- yolk sacs. Reverse transcription PCR was used to examine the transcripts of several genes implicated in early hematopoiesis. Transcripts of @entity34579 and PU.1 transcription factors were absent from RNA from scl-/- yolk sacs and embryos. These results implicate scl as a crucial regulator of early hematopoiesis.

title: Absence of yolk sac hematopoiesis from XXXX with a targeted disruption of the scl gene.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retarded']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: As the second of a two-part series, 76 @entity1 with pansynostosis and @entity2122 were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnoses included pansynostosis (7), @entity52829 (8), and Apert (24), @entity10267 . All @entity1 underwent primary fronto-orbital advancement-calvarial vault remodeling procedures at less than 18 months of age (mean 6.1 months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (36.8 percent) required a secondary cranial vault operation (mean age 28.4 months). Additionally, a major tertiary procedure was necessary in 5 @entity1 to deal with persistent unacceptable craniofacial form. To address the associated finding of midface @entity509 , 64.8 percent (n = 35) of @entity1 underwent Le Fort III midface advancement or had that procedure recommended for them. The remainder were awaiting appropriate age for this reconstruction. The more extensive pathologic involvement of the pansynostosis and @entity2122 group is illustrated. As compared with the isolated craniofacial @entity8213 group previously reported, the incidence of major secondary procedures (36.8 versus 13.5 percent), perioperative complications (11.3 versus 5.0 percent), follow-up complications (44.7 versus 7.7 percent), @entity1276 (42.1 versus 3.9 percent), shunt placement (22.4 versus 1.0 percent), and @entity410 (11.8 versus 2.9 percent) was significantly increased. Complex problems including those of @entity428 , @entity1224 , and recurrent turricephaly or cranial vault maldevelopment are repeatedly encountered. In addition, that early fronto-orbital advancement-cranial vault remodeling failed to promote midface development and @entity509 of this region is almost a consistent finding in the craniofacial syndromic group. The average length of postoperative follow-up was 6 years. According to the classification of Whitaker et al., which assesses surgical results, 73.7 percent of @entity1 were considered to have at least satisfactory craniofacial form (category I-II) at latest evaluation. An algorithmic approach to the treatment of all @entity1 with @entity91 is presented utilizing early surgical intervention as the key element.

title: Twenty-year experience with early surgery for @entity91 : II. The XXXX and pansynostosis--results and unsolved problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial syndrome', 'craniofacial synostosis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity52829 :: ('MESH:C536456', 'Disease') :: ['craniofrontonasal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity10267 :: ('MESH:C538037', 'Disease') :: ['Crouzon (15), and Pfeiffer (15) syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial synostosis syndromes']


abstract: As the second of a two-part series, 76 @entity1 with pansynostosis and @entity2122 were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnoses included pansynostosis (7), @entity52829 (8), and Apert (24), @entity10267 . All @entity1 underwent primary fronto-orbital advancement-calvarial vault remodeling procedures at less than 18 months of age (mean 6.1 months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (36.8 percent) required a secondary cranial vault operation (mean age 28.4 months). Additionally, a major tertiary procedure was necessary in 5 @entity1 to deal with persistent unacceptable craniofacial form. To address the associated finding of midface @entity509 , 64.8 percent (n = 35) of @entity1 underwent Le Fort III midface advancement or had that procedure recommended for them. The remainder were awaiting appropriate age for this reconstruction. The more extensive pathologic involvement of the pansynostosis and @entity2122 group is illustrated. As compared with the isolated craniofacial @entity8213 group previously reported, the incidence of major secondary procedures (36.8 versus 13.5 percent), perioperative complications (11.3 versus 5.0 percent), follow-up complications (44.7 versus 7.7 percent), @entity1276 (42.1 versus 3.9 percent), shunt placement (22.4 versus 1.0 percent), and @entity410 (11.8 versus 2.9 percent) was significantly increased. Complex problems including those of @entity428 , @entity1224 , and recurrent turricephaly or cranial vault maldevelopment are repeatedly encountered. In addition, that early fronto-orbital advancement-cranial vault remodeling failed to promote midface development and @entity509 of this region is almost a consistent finding in the craniofacial syndromic group. The average length of postoperative follow-up was 6 years. According to the classification of Whitaker et al., which assesses surgical results, 73.7 percent of @entity1 were considered to have at least satisfactory craniofacial form (category I-II) at latest evaluation. An algorithmic approach to the treatment of all @entity1 with @entity91 is presented utilizing early surgical intervention as the key element.

title: Twenty-year experience with early surgery for XXXX : II. The @entity2122 and pansynostosis--results and unsolved problems.

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: @entity130 have a poor prognosis for survival in clinical replantation surgery. Arterial @entity715 is the most significant factor contributing to @entity177 , and severe @entity16 has been observed with this injury. However, patency rates of experimentally @entity155 arteries repaired immediately are much higher than in the clinical situation. This paper evaluates the effect of an added component-- @entity63 --on the patency of experimentally @entity155 arteries. All @entity155 seen clinically are subject to some degree of @entity63 prior to replantation. Ninety @entity95 had both femoral arteries @entity155 under general anesthesia. A 6.5-cm graft was harvested from the @entity2096 . In 20 @entity95 (group 1: 0 hours of @entity63 ) the graft was immediately inserted into the defect in the right femoral artery. Sixty @entity95 (20 grafts per group) had their grafts stored at 4 degrees C for either 10 hours (group 2), 18 hours (group 3), or 24 hours (group 4) and reinserted into the right femoral artery in a second operation. Patency was assessed 3 weeks after reinsertion. Groups 1 and 2 maintained high patency rates (85 percent); however, group 3 (70 percent) and group 4 (45 percent) had lower patency rates than group 1, with a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 (p < 0.01). In a fifth group (10 grafts), @entity155 24-hour @entity63 grafts were hydrodilated prior to reinsertion. The patency rate of this group increased significantly (90 percent) compared with group 4 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: These experiments suggest that a combination of @entity130 and @entity63 time is responsible for the poor clinical results of @entity155 replantations.

title: The effect of cold @entity63 on the patency of microvascular repair following arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arterial damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion replant failure']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed', 'avulsions', 'avulsion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['left distal femoral artery']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion injuries', 'avulsion injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['avulsion injury']


abstract: @entity130 have a poor prognosis for survival in clinical replantation surgery. Arterial @entity715 is the most significant factor contributing to @entity177 , and severe @entity16 has been observed with this injury. However, patency rates of experimentally @entity155 arteries repaired immediately are much higher than in the clinical situation. This paper evaluates the effect of an added component-- @entity63 --on the patency of experimentally @entity155 arteries. All @entity155 seen clinically are subject to some degree of @entity63 prior to replantation. Ninety @entity95 had both femoral arteries @entity155 under general anesthesia. A 6.5-cm graft was harvested from the @entity2096 . In 20 @entity95 (group 1: 0 hours of @entity63 ) the graft was immediately inserted into the defect in the right femoral artery. Sixty @entity95 (20 grafts per group) had their grafts stored at 4 degrees C for either 10 hours (group 2), 18 hours (group 3), or 24 hours (group 4) and reinserted into the right femoral artery in a second operation. Patency was assessed 3 weeks after reinsertion. Groups 1 and 2 maintained high patency rates (85 percent); however, group 3 (70 percent) and group 4 (45 percent) had lower patency rates than group 1, with a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 (p < 0.01). In a fifth group (10 grafts), @entity155 24-hour @entity63 grafts were hydrodilated prior to reinsertion. The patency rate of this group increased significantly (90 percent) compared with group 4 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: These experiments suggest that a combination of @entity130 and @entity63 time is responsible for the poor clinical results of @entity155 replantations.

title: The effect of cold XXXX on the patency of microvascular repair following arterial @entity130 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of surgical management of @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and @entity154 are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual @entity1 factors. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1699 or @entity154 with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued @entity3009 infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed @entity1700 , poor ventricular function, and @entity338 ) and noncardiac comorbidities influenced the choice of treatment strategies and were analyzed as potential risk factors for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support or in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Overall hospital survival was 81% (Norwood 83.3%, hybrid 88%, "salvage" 67%; P = .4942). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used for eight (17%) @entity1 with two survivors. For cases with obstructed @entity1700 (n = 10, 21%), management choices favored a hybrid or salvage strategy (P = .0026). @entity2333 (n = 22, 47%) was treated by a Norwood or salvage-to-Norwood. No cardiac, noncardiac, or genetic comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors for ECMO or discharge mortality in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our emerging program achieved outcomes that compare favorably to published benchmark data with respect to hospital survival. These results reflect rigorous interdisciplinary teamwork and a flexible approach to surgical palliation based on matching surgical strategy to @entity1 factors. With major associated cardiac/noncardiac comorbidity and antegrade coronary flow, a true hybrid with ductal stenting was our preferred strategy. For high-risk situations such as @entity3885 , the salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood strategy may help achieve survival albeit with increased resource utilization.

title: Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of XXXX and @entity154 in an Emerging Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['related anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atresia with obstructed pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atresia']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of surgical management of @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and @entity154 are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual @entity1 factors. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1699 or @entity154 with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued @entity3009 infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed @entity1700 , poor ventricular function, and @entity338 ) and noncardiac comorbidities influenced the choice of treatment strategies and were analyzed as potential risk factors for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support or in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Overall hospital survival was 81% (Norwood 83.3%, hybrid 88%, "salvage" 67%; P = .4942). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used for eight (17%) @entity1 with two survivors. For cases with obstructed @entity1700 (n = 10, 21%), management choices favored a hybrid or salvage strategy (P = .0026). @entity2333 (n = 22, 47%) was treated by a Norwood or salvage-to-Norwood. No cardiac, noncardiac, or genetic comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors for ECMO or discharge mortality in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our emerging program achieved outcomes that compare favorably to published benchmark data with respect to hospital survival. These results reflect rigorous interdisciplinary teamwork and a flexible approach to surgical palliation based on matching surgical strategy to @entity1 factors. With major associated cardiac/noncardiac comorbidity and antegrade coronary flow, a true hybrid with ductal stenting was our preferred strategy. For high-risk situations such as @entity3885 , the salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood strategy may help achieve survival albeit with increased resource utilization.

title: Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of @entity1699 and XXXX in an Emerging Program.

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Related Anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity384 for @entity850 on voice production. METHODS: Retrospective review of 10 female @entity1 with @entity850 undergoing @entity384 . Voice outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and posttreatment @entity1 -reported, perceptual, aerodynamic, and acoustic parameters. Complete data sets were not available for all subjects; sample size for each parameter is reported with the corresponding result. RESULTS: Total Voice Handicap Index (VHI) decreased significantly (22.9    13.5 to 6.8    6.5; n = 8; p = .015), as did glottal function index (7.2    4.9 to 1.5    2.0; n = 6; p = .022). No changes were observed in the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale. Changes in aerodynamic parameters were not statistically significant. Percent jitter decreased (1.32    1.37 to 0.60    0.29; n = 7; P = .078), and fundamental frequency range was preserved (507    325 to 612    281; n = 7; P = .309). CONCLUSIONS: Our sample of @entity1 with @entity850 had a mild-moderate @entity7364 that improved with @entity384 . Importantly, adverse effects on voice that can occur with open procedures were not observed. @entity1 perception of @entity7364 improved while fundamental frequency range was maintained and aerodynamic parameters remained within or moved toward the normal range. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate changes in voice production associated with @entity384 .

title: Effects of @entity384 for XXXX on Voice Production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Laryngotracheal Stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity384 for @entity850 on voice production. METHODS: Retrospective review of 10 female @entity1 with @entity850 undergoing @entity384 . Voice outcomes were evaluated by comparing pre- and posttreatment @entity1 -reported, perceptual, aerodynamic, and acoustic parameters. Complete data sets were not available for all subjects; sample size for each parameter is reported with the corresponding result. RESULTS: Total Voice Handicap Index (VHI) decreased significantly (22.9    13.5 to 6.8    6.5; n = 8; p = .015), as did glottal function index (7.2    4.9 to 1.5    2.0; n = 6; p = .022). No changes were observed in the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scale. Changes in aerodynamic parameters were not statistically significant. Percent jitter decreased (1.32    1.37 to 0.60    0.29; n = 7; P = .078), and fundamental frequency range was preserved (507    325 to 612    281; n = 7; P = .309). CONCLUSIONS: Our sample of @entity1 with @entity850 had a mild-moderate @entity7364 that improved with @entity384 . Importantly, adverse effects on voice that can occur with open procedures were not observed. @entity1 perception of @entity7364 improved while fundamental frequency range was maintained and aerodynamic parameters remained within or moved toward the normal range. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate changes in voice production associated with @entity384 .

title: Effects of XXXX for @entity850 on Voice Production.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Balloon Dilation']


abstract: After onset of @entity1723 diabetics were randomized to subcutaneous insulin pump treatment (CSII) (age 12 to 29 years, mean: 21 years) and 7 diabetics to conventional insulin treatment (CI) (age 14 to 28 years, mean: 21 years). @entity4051 , glycosylated serum proteins and mean blood @entity413 ( @entity7584 ) as parameters of metabolic control were determined monthly. After 2 months both groups showed @entity4051 values in the normal range. Mean @entity7584 values were (mean +/- SD) 116 +/- 7 mg/dl for CSII and 118 +/- 14 mg/dl for CI. Residual insulin secretion was determined monthly by fasting C-peptide. After 14 days, 5, 7, 8 months fasting C-peptide values were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in CI. After one year fasting C-peptide was comparable in both groups (CSII and CI mean: 0.06 nmol/l). The administered insulin dose was comparable in both groups with a 55% reduction of insulin dose after 5 months in CSII (0.35 +/- 0.15 U/kg/24 h) and in CI after 7 months (0.31 +/- 0.28 U/kg/24 h). After 12 months of insulin therapy about 60% of the initial insulin dose was injected in both groups. 1 @entity1 on CSII (12 years) and 2 @entity1 on CI (15, 28 years) showed a complete remission (for 3-9 months) with no exogenous insulin and normal @entity4051 values. 50% of the @entity1 had episodes where they did need less than 0.2 U/kg/24 h insulin to maintain optimal @entity6 control (3 CSII, 4 CI). During the first year of insulin treatment in @entity1723 with CSII as well as with CI a comparable near normalisation of @entity6 control could be achieved.

title: Sustained normoglycemia and remission phase in newly diagnosed type I XXXX subjects. Comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and conventional therapy during a one year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes', 'type I diabetes 7']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 is a major clinical problem associated with primary and metastatic @entity5 . Pleural effusions from an unknown primary are responsible for 7-15% of all @entity3483 . Presence of @entity3483 puts the @entity1 in advanced stage and renders the prognosis as poor. AIM: In this study we intend to find out the incidence of @entity3483 , its aetiology and clinical course in @entity1 attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. RESULTS: A total of 308 @entity1 were included in this study. A majority of the @entity1 were in age group 50- 70 years (median age = 58.8 years; range 32- 85 yrs). Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The major primary @entity5 were @entity2 (135), @entity706 (40), @entity0 (36), female genital tract (30) gastrointestinal (21), and others (8). In 38 cases primary remained unknown. The yields of pleural fluid cytology, blind pleural biopsy, CT/USG guided pleural biopsy and thoracoscopy were 60%, 49%, 76% and 91% respectively. Chemical pleurodesis yielded complete response in 80%, incomplete response in another 13% @entity1 . Only 136 (44%) cases could be followed up for minimum of 6 months. A majority of them (95, 69.85%) died. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity3483 is a commonly misdiagnosed medical entity. @entity2 is the commonest cause. Despite all efforts, in about 15% of the cases, primary remains undiagnosed. Thoracoscopy/pleuroscopy is a cost effective measure for diagnosis. Chemical pleurodesis provides expected results but mortality remains high.

title: Clinico- pathological profile and course of XXXX in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western U.P. with special reference to @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural malignancies', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural effusion', 'malignant pleural effusions', 'malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3483 is a major clinical problem associated with primary and metastatic @entity5 . Pleural effusions from an unknown primary are responsible for 7-15% of all @entity3483 . Presence of @entity3483 puts the @entity1 in advanced stage and renders the prognosis as poor. AIM: In this study we intend to find out the incidence of @entity3483 , its aetiology and clinical course in @entity1 attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. RESULTS: A total of 308 @entity1 were included in this study. A majority of the @entity1 were in age group 50- 70 years (median age = 58.8 years; range 32- 85 yrs). Male to female ratio was 2.5:1. The major primary @entity5 were @entity2 (135), @entity706 (40), @entity0 (36), female genital tract (30) gastrointestinal (21), and others (8). In 38 cases primary remained unknown. The yields of pleural fluid cytology, blind pleural biopsy, CT/USG guided pleural biopsy and thoracoscopy were 60%, 49%, 76% and 91% respectively. Chemical pleurodesis yielded complete response in 80%, incomplete response in another 13% @entity1 . Only 136 (44%) cases could be followed up for minimum of 6 months. A majority of them (95, 69.85%) died. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity3483 is a commonly misdiagnosed medical entity. @entity2 is the commonest cause. Despite all efforts, in about 15% of the cases, primary remains undiagnosed. Thoracoscopy/pleuroscopy is a cost effective measure for diagnosis. Chemical pleurodesis provides expected results but mortality remains high.

title: Clinico- pathological profile and course of @entity3483 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in western U.P. with special reference to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Efficacy of an ideal antimicrobial agent depends on its ability to eliminate microorganisms while causing minimal @entity137 to host cells. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic and water extracts of Salvadora persica (SP) on proliferation and viability of @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in-vitro study, the effects of seven concentrations of ethanolic and water extracts of SP (ranging from 5.75 mg/ml to 0.08 mg/ml) on hDPSCs were evaluated using the @entity2454 assay. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Water extract of SP only had @entity137 effect at 5.75 mg/ml concentration; and caused significant cell proliferation at 1.43-0.08 mg/ml concentrations at 24 h (P < 0.05). At 48 h, only 0.17 and 0.08 mg/ml concentrations caused significant cell proliferation (P < 0.05). Ethanolic extract of SP at 5.75-1.43 mg/ml concentrations showed severe @entity137 effects at 24 and 48 h. Other concentrations had no significant effects on cells (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The highest concentrations of both water and ethanolic extracts of SP had @entity137 effects on hDPSCs. Water extract of SP has favorable effects on cell proliferation at specific concentrations in a time-dependent manner.

title: Effects of extracts of Salvadora persica on proliferation and viability of XXXX dental pulp stem cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1272 has been common, but mostly underdiagnosed electrolyte abnormality. Studies regarding this is lacking in India especially in rural setting. Here, we have correlated serum @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) level with outcome in @entity1 of medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respect to length of ICU stay, need for mechanical ventilatory support and its duration and ultimate outcome (discharge/ @entity204 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 1-year enrolling 601 @entity1 of @entity910 ( @entity910 ). The Chi-square test is applied to correlate @entity1272 with the outcome. RESULT AND OBSERVATION: About 25% @entity1 had admission @entity1272 . When compared with the normal @entity4612 group, there was significant association of @entity1272 with outcome in terms of duration of @entity910 stay 5.46 (5.75) versus 3.93 (3.88), need for mechanical ventilation (56.86% vs. 24.33%), discharge/cured from ICU (61.43% vs. 85.26%), and @entity204 (38.56% vs. 14.73%). However, no significant difference was found in the duration of ventilation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1272 is associated with a higher mortality rate in critically ill @entity1 . The need for ventilatory support, but not its duration is significantly higher in @entity29437 @entity1 . @entity1272 is commonly associated with @entity295 and @entity6 . The duration of @entity910 stay is significantly higher in @entity1 with low serum @entity4612 .

title: Does XXXX matter in @entity1 of Medical Intensive Care Unit: A study in rural Central India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia', 'hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Medical ICU', 'MICU']

entities_list: @entity29437 :: ('MESH:C566593', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemic']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1272 has been common, but mostly underdiagnosed electrolyte abnormality. Studies regarding this is lacking in India especially in rural setting. Here, we have correlated serum @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) level with outcome in @entity1 of medicine Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with respect to length of ICU stay, need for mechanical ventilatory support and its duration and ultimate outcome (discharge/ @entity204 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study carried out over a period of 1-year enrolling 601 @entity1 of @entity910 ( @entity910 ). The Chi-square test is applied to correlate @entity1272 with the outcome. RESULT AND OBSERVATION: About 25% @entity1 had admission @entity1272 . When compared with the normal @entity4612 group, there was significant association of @entity1272 with outcome in terms of duration of @entity910 stay 5.46 (5.75) versus 3.93 (3.88), need for mechanical ventilation (56.86% vs. 24.33%), discharge/cured from ICU (61.43% vs. 85.26%), and @entity204 (38.56% vs. 14.73%). However, no significant difference was found in the duration of ventilation between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1272 is associated with a higher mortality rate in critically ill @entity1 . The need for ventilatory support, but not its duration is significantly higher in @entity29437 @entity1 . @entity1272 is commonly associated with @entity295 and @entity6 . The duration of @entity910 stay is significantly higher in @entity1 with low serum @entity4612 .

title: Does @entity1760 matter in XXXX of Medical Intensive Care Unit: A study in rural Central India.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This retrospective study aims to analyse our surgical procedures and our results after surgery of @entity2461 (P.D.A.) in @entity1 . Since 1978 to 1992 we have reported Abidjan Cardiology Institute 145 @entity1 operated cases. The average age was 4.7 years, the average weight 16 kg. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 2.3/1. All @entity2461 had been confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography (2D echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization. Type 11a of NADAS' Classification was the most frequent (50%). Double or triple ligation supported on teflon felt was the most frequent technique used (86 times ie 59.3%). This technique gave good results in view of the absence of hospital mortality, only 4 cases of ductus "recanalization" supervened, a low rate of ductus arteriosus recurrence patency at long follow up of all @entity1 from one to 10 years (mean 5 years). Double or triple ligation on teflon felt according to Wright procedure seems to be a securising technique alternative in our countries.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity2461 ( XXXX ). Analysis of 145 cases operated on in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['PDA']


abstract: This retrospective study aims to analyse our surgical procedures and our results after surgery of @entity2461 (P.D.A.) in @entity1 . Since 1978 to 1992 we have reported Abidjan Cardiology Institute 145 @entity1 operated cases. The average age was 4.7 years, the average weight 16 kg. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 2.3/1. All @entity2461 had been confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography (2D echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization. Type 11a of NADAS' Classification was the most frequent (50%). Double or triple ligation supported on teflon felt was the most frequent technique used (86 times ie 59.3%). This technique gave good results in view of the absence of hospital mortality, only 4 cases of ductus "recanalization" supervened, a low rate of ductus arteriosus recurrence patency at long follow up of all @entity1 from one to 10 years (mean 5 years). Double or triple ligation on teflon felt according to Wright procedure seems to be a securising technique alternative in our countries.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX ( @entity2461 ). Analysis of 145 cases operated on in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire).

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: @entity5426 of the skin develop almost exclusively in the following clinical settings: (1) the @entity1746 , secondary to prior mastectomy in most instances; (2) the face and scalp, usually in elderly individuals; and (3) skin that has been previously radiated. Microscopically, there is a spectrum of architectural patterns. The best differentiated @entity5 exhibit obvious vascular spaces, which are lined by variably atypical endothelial cells, and that characteristically dissect between fibers of the reticular dermis. With proliferation of the atypical endothelial calls, vasoformative features are less evident, and there is often a syncytium of cellular bands composed of fusiform or spindled cells or, less commonly, cords, nests, and nodules of distinctly epithelioid cells. Overgrowth of the cellular elements can create seemingly patternless sheets of @entity5 . The foregoing architectural spectrum may be displayed in its entirety within a single biopsy specimen, and a multifocal distribution within the dermis is characteristic. Cytologic pleomorphism and mitotic figures are often obvious, but both criteria of @entity5 may be essentially absent in the best differentiated fields. Ultrastructural observations consistently show differentiation toward endothelial cells and, in many cases, findings consistent with differentiation toward blood vessels. Both factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus lectin are reliable immunohistochemical markers. The outlook for @entity1 with @entity5426 is poor, with a median survival of 20 months and a 5-year survival of 15%.

title: XXXX of the skin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcomas', 'cutaneous angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedematous extremity']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcomas']


abstract: Overall results from worldwide clinical studies of @entity5505 in open and comparative trials conducted over a four-year period in North America, Europe, and elsewhere are presented. Data from 3,570 @entity1 treated with @entity5505 in open studies and from 1,340 @entity1 receiving @entity5505 and 1,180 @entity1 receiving other antibiotics in comparative studies are discussed. The comparative antibiotics consisted of @entity581 alone in 14.2 percent of @entity1 , @entity581 combined with one or two @entity7660 in 43 percent, @entity7660 alone in 34 percent, and other antibiotic combinations in 8.8 percent. In comparative studies, bacterial clearance rates were 80.6 percent for @entity5505 and 72.5 percent for other antibiotics. Clinically, 92.6 percent of the infected sites in @entity5505 -treated @entity1 in open studies were cured or improved, and 91.1 percent were cured or improved in comparative studies; 84.8 percent of the infected sites were cured or improved in @entity1 treated with other antibiotics. Data indicate that @entity5505 monotherapy is as effective as combination antibiotic therapy in the empiric treatment of febrile non- @entity1398 @entity1 . The role of @entity5505 monotherapy in the treatment of febrile @entity1398 @entity1 is not yet firmly established. @entity17158 were reported in 2.6 percent of the @entity1 treated with @entity5505 alone in open trials, in 4.2 percent of the @entity1 treated with @entity5505 alone in comparative trials, and in 8.5 percent of the @entity1 treated with other antibiotics. During treatment, the sensitivity of bacteria to @entity5505 decreased in 2.5 percent of the pathogens isolated. Adverse events occurred in 10.2 percent of @entity1 treated with @entity5505 in open studies, in 8.4 percent of those treated with @entity5505 in comparative studies, and in 8.8 percent of those treated with other antibiotics. The adverse events in both @entity5505 - and control-treated @entity1 were thought by the investigators to be drug-related in about 40 percent of cases, not drug-related in 20 percent of cases, and of unknown etiology in the remaining cases.

title: Aspects of clinical trials with XXXX worldwide.

entities_list: @entity17158 :: ('MESH:D015163', 'Disease') :: ['Superinfections']

entities_list: @entity7660 :: ('MESH:D047090', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactams']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: PURPOSE: The evidence regarding the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on health care resource use remains limited. This retrospective study evaluated the effects of PR on the primary outcome of all-cause hospitalizations and secondary outcomes of other health care use, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and body weight in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in a large integrated health care system. METHODS: The PR cohort included 558 @entity1 with a @entity1030 diagnosis, age >=  40 years, who were treated with a bronchodilator or @entity479 inhaler, participated in 1 of 13 PR programs between January 1, 2008, and August 1, 2013, and were continuously enrolled in the health plan >=  12 months prior to and after PR. Two non-PR control cohorts were assembled for comparison. Data were extracted from electronic health records. The 6-minute walk test and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire results were available for a subset. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 who were hospitalized 12 months post-PR was lower compared with the 12 months prior (37% vs 45%, P = .001) while emergency department use was not different (52% vs 54%). @entity1 who declined PR for logistical reasons had a 40% higher risk of hospitalization than PR @entity1 (relative risk = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.96-2.06, P = .08). There were significant improvements in the 6-minute walk test distance (+43 m) and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score (-9.6 points) but minimal changes in weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that participation in PR is associated with reductions in hospitalizations corroborates previous studies. A notable strength of this study is the capture of complete utilization data.

title: Impact of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Hospitalizations for XXXX Among Members of an Integrated Health Care System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Efficacy and safety of agalsidase alfa at 0.2 mg/kg weekly were compared with 0.2 mg/kg every other week (EOW). Exploratory analyses were performed for 0.4 mg/kg weekly. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a 53-week, Phase III/IV, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01124643) in treatment-na  ve adults (>= 18 years) with @entity2314 . Inclusion criteria were @entity4346 at baseline, defined as left ventricular mass indexed to height >50 g/m(2.7) for males and >47 g/m(2.7) for females. Primary endpoint was reduction of left ventricular mass indexed to height as assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints included cardiac (peak @entity26 consumption, 6-minute walk test, Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire, New York Heart Association classification), renal (Modification of Diet in @entity8 , estimated glomerular filtration rate), and biomarker (plasma @entity2317 ) assessments. Safety endpoints were adverse events and anti-agalsidase alfa antibodies. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were randomized to 0.2 mg/kg EOW (mean age, 50.3 years; 70% male), 19 to 0.2 mg/kg weekly (51.8 years; 53% male), and 5 to 0.4 mg/kg weekly (49.4 years; 40% male). The mean change in left ventricular mass indexed to height by Week 53 in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups was 3.2 g/m(2.7) and 0.5 g/m(2.7), with no significant difference between groups. No clinically meaningful changes by Week 53 were found within or between the 0.2-mg/kg groups for peak @entity26 consumption, 6-minute walk test, or Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire. Two @entity1 in each group improved by >= 1 New York Heart Association classification. No significant differences were found between 0.2 mg/kg EOW and weekly for mean change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.21 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) vs -3.32 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2)) or plasma @entity2317 (-1.05 nmol/mL vs -2.13 nmol/mL), respectively. Infusion-related adverse events were experienced by 25% and 21% in the 0.2-mg/kg EOW and weekly groups. @entity591 , fatigue, and @entity551 were experienced by two or more patients overall. Anti-agalsidase alfa antibodies were detected in 11.4% of @entity1 and neutralizing antibodies in 6.8%. Infusion-related reactions did not appear to be correlated with antibody status. CONCLUSION: No efficacy or safety differences were found when the approved EOW dosage of agalsidase alfa was increased to weekly administration. Exploratory analyses for 0.4 mg/kg weekly showed similar results.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of three dosing regimens of agalsidase alfa enzyme replacement therapy in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2317 :: ('MESH:C018549', 'Chemical') :: ['globotriaosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of goserelin and orchiectomy in @entity1 with stage D2 @entity263 . METHODS: A randomized, open, multicenter study was conducted in 283 @entity1 . @entity1 were allocated to goserelin, 3.6 mg every 28 days or to orchiectomy. Study end points were endocrine response, objective response, time to treatment failure, survival, and tolerability. Objective response was based on modified criteria of the National @entity263 Project. RESULTS: Serum @entity251 decreased from baseline to castrate levels by week 4 in each group and remained below castrate levels thereafter. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations also decreased in each group. The goserelin and orchiectomy groups had similar results for objective response (82% versus 77%) and had similar medial times to treatment failure (52 versus 53 weeks) and survival (119 versus 136 weeks). No significant interactions between treatments and prognostic factors were observed. Adjusting for baseline @entity251 concentration had no effect on survival outcome. Race had no influence on outcome or efficacy end points. Common adverse events in both groups were @entity158 , hot flushes, and lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Goserelin is well tolerated and as effective as orchiectomy in @entity1 with Stage D2 @entity263 .

title: Goserelin versus orchiectomy in the treatment of XXXX : final results of a randomized trial. Zoladex Prostate Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: This paper reports on a novel immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes. An @entity683 subunit preparation, containing the isolated viral surface antigens, was incorporated in a liposomal formulation. Administration of this vaccine to @entity19 via the intranasal (i.n.) route resulted in a stimulated serum IgG response relative to the response to i.n. immunization with the antigen alone. In addition, the liposomal vaccine induced a secretory IgA (sIgA) response in the mucosa of the lungs and nasal cavity. Both serum IgG and sIgA responses persisted up to at least 21 weeks postimmunization. Immune stimulation was observed with negatively charged liposomes consisting of @entity2434 (PC), @entity165 and @entity17521 ( @entity1298 ), but not with zwitterionic liposomes, consisting of PC and @entity165 alone. Remarkably, for stimulation of serum IgG responses and induction of an sIgA response, liposomes could be simply mixed with the antigen. Moreover, i.n. administration of empty liposomes up to 48 h prior to i.n. immunization with the subunit antigen also resulted in immune stimulation, indicating that the liposomes did not exert their adjuvant effect by acting as a carrier for the antigen. The liposomal vaccine conferred protection against @entity281 . It is concluded that liposomes, administered i.n., provide a promising adjuvant system for stimulation of antibody responses in general, and mucosal sIgA responses in particular.

title: Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in @entity19 by intranasal immunization with an XXXX subunit vaccine and coadministered liposomes.

entities_list: @entity17521 :: ('MESH:C002290', 'Chemical') :: ['dicetylphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: This paper reports on a novel immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes. An @entity683 subunit preparation, containing the isolated viral surface antigens, was incorporated in a liposomal formulation. Administration of this vaccine to @entity19 via the intranasal (i.n.) route resulted in a stimulated serum IgG response relative to the response to i.n. immunization with the antigen alone. In addition, the liposomal vaccine induced a secretory IgA (sIgA) response in the mucosa of the lungs and nasal cavity. Both serum IgG and sIgA responses persisted up to at least 21 weeks postimmunization. Immune stimulation was observed with negatively charged liposomes consisting of @entity2434 (PC), @entity165 and @entity17521 ( @entity1298 ), but not with zwitterionic liposomes, consisting of PC and @entity165 alone. Remarkably, for stimulation of serum IgG responses and induction of an sIgA response, liposomes could be simply mixed with the antigen. Moreover, i.n. administration of empty liposomes up to 48 h prior to i.n. immunization with the subunit antigen also resulted in immune stimulation, indicating that the liposomes did not exert their adjuvant effect by acting as a carrier for the antigen. The liposomal vaccine conferred protection against @entity281 . It is concluded that liposomes, administered i.n., provide a promising adjuvant system for stimulation of antibody responses in general, and mucosal sIgA responses in particular.

title: Mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of liposomes: induction of systemic IgG and secretory IgA responses in XXXX by intranasal immunization with an @entity683 subunit vaccine and coadministered liposomes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is the most common @entity296 associated with @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). @entity4346 is driven by neurohumoral activation, increased mechanical load, and cytokines associated with arterial @entity101 , @entity740 , @entity6 , and other comorbidities. Here we discuss the experimental and clinical evidence that links @entity4346 to @entity67 and qualifies @entity4346 as one diagnostic marker for HFpEF. Mechanisms leading to @entity67 in @entity4346 are incompletely understood, but may include extracellular matrix changes, @entity455 , as well as altered cardiomyocyte mechano-elastical properties. Beating cardiomyocytes from HFpEF @entity1 have not yet been studied, but we and others have shown increased @entity141 turnover and impaired relaxation in cardiomyocytes from @entity1184 hearts. @entity296 can lead to heterogeneity in regional myocardial contractile function, which contributes to @entity67 in HFpEF. In the clinical setting of @entity1 with compound comorbidities, @entity67 may occur independently of @entity4346 . This may be one explanation why current approaches to reduce @entity4346 have not been effective to improve symptoms and prognosis in HFpEF. Exercise training, on the other hand, in clinical trials improved exercise tolerance and diastolic function, but did not reduce @entity4346 . Thus current clinical evidence does not support regression of @entity4346 as a surrogate marker for (short-term) improvement of HFpEF.

title: Myocardial hypertrophy and its role in XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial structural abnormality', 'Structural myocardial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1891 , XXXX ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity7996 . A prospective trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine', 'vincristine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity7996 :: ('MESH:D014594', 'Disease') :: ['stage I uterine sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( XXXX ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity7996 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for XXXX . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity7996 :: (MESH:D014594,Disease) :: ['stage I uterine sarcoma']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity786 , XXXX , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity7996 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant XXXX , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity7996 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: To assess the impact on progression-free survival of the use of the multiagent chemotherapy regimen of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) as adjuvant treatment for @entity1 with @entity7996 : 20 evaluable @entity1 who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for @entity7996 received adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy with @entity1891 1 mg/m2 days 1 and 4, @entity632 ( @entity632 ) 40 mg/m2 and @entity786 400 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity2699 200 mg/m2 days 1 through 4 for a total of 9 monthly cycles or until recurrence of disease was documented. @entity1 were followed for a median of 65 months (range: 5-116 months). Myelotoxicity was monitored by weekly complete blood counts, @entity1370 by monthly radionuclide angiography, and @entity2359 by monthly physical examination. Survival and progression-free survival were calculated by the method of Kaplan and Meier (17). The Fisher exact test was employed to determine the significance of recurrence rates between histologic groups (18). These 20 @entity1 received 172 of a planned 180 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose reductions in response to myelotoxicity were necessitated in four cycles among three @entity1 . Mild @entity2359 was observed in six @entity1 (30%) and moderate @entity2359 in one @entity1 (5%). A decrease in cardiac ejection fraction of > 10% was observed in two @entity1 (10%). No deaths ascribable to complications arising from chemotherapy were observed. Seven @entity1 (35%) developed recurrence of disease. Recurrence rates for pure @entity242 and mixed @entity5 did not differ significantly (P = .65). Progression-free survival for the population at 2 years was 80% and at 5 years was 65%. This study describes the largest prospective trial of adjuvant combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity7996 reported to date. Adjuvant chemotherapy employing the combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and @entity2699 (CYVADIC) failed to impact significantly on long-term survival in this group of @entity1 with @entity7996 .

title: Impact on progression-free survival of adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 ( @entity632 ), and XXXX (CYVADIC) chemotherapy for @entity7996 . A prospective trial.

answer: @entity2699 :: (MESH:D003606,Chemical) :: ['dacarbazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity63 -type @entity662 generally identifies @entity583 ( @entity583 ), some @entity1 are hospitalized for @entity583 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity583 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity662 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity158 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity1 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity1 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity583 , 115 @entity1 lacked typical @entity63 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity1 and 10% for 2,349 @entity1 with typical @entity158 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity204 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity204 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity712 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity951 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity1 had more @entity1002 and @entity6 . However, nonpainful @entity583 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity204 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity6 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity583 are much more likely to experience late @entity204 or @entity712 than are @entity1 with painful @entity583 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity16 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity1353 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity158 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for @entity583 not accompanied by typical XXXX @entity662 . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular damage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity63 -type @entity662 generally identifies @entity583 ( @entity583 ), some @entity1 are hospitalized for @entity583 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity583 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity662 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity158 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity1 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity1 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity583 , 115 @entity1 lacked typical @entity63 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity1 and 10% for 2,349 @entity1 with typical @entity158 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity204 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity204 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity712 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity951 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity1 had more @entity1002 and @entity6 . However, nonpainful @entity583 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity204 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity6 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity583 are much more likely to experience late @entity204 or @entity712 than are @entity1 with painful @entity583 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity16 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity1353 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity158 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for @entity583 not accompanied by typical @entity63 XXXX . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity63 -type @entity662 generally identifies @entity583 ( @entity583 ), some @entity1 are hospitalized for @entity583 without this symptom. Long-term mortality and morbidity after @entity583 presenting with alternative warning symptoms have not been examined previously. We therefore assessed the prognostic implications of the absence of typical @entity662 as well as other recognized risk predictors in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were obtained during the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial. @entity158 status and other baseline characteristics were determined prospectively by study coordinators according to simple, prespecified criteria. @entity1 were then examined every 3 to 4 months until trial completion. We applied chi-square methods, life-table analysis, and multivariate analysis to assess the strength and independence of prognostic power associated with each baseline variable. RESULTS: Of 2,464 @entity1 enrolled 3 to 15 days after enzyme-documented @entity583 , 115 @entity1 lacked typical @entity63 -type chest in on presentation (the "nonpainful" group). After 25 months' mean follow-up, cardiac mortality was 20% for nonpainful @entity1 and 10% for 2,349 @entity1 with typical @entity158 (the "painful" group), P < 0.001. Similar increments were seen in total @entity204 (27% nonpainful versus 13% painful, P < 0.001) and cardiac events, namely, @entity204 or nonfatal reinfarction (24% nonpainful versus 17% painful, P = 0.001). Late @entity712 was more frequent (17% nonpainful versus 7% painful, P < 0.001), but unstable @entity951 was less (6% nonpainful versus 16% painful, P = 0.005). At outset, nonpainful @entity1 had more @entity1002 and @entity6 . However, nonpainful @entity583 predicted worse outcome even when these problems were absent. Logistic regression confirmed greater @entity204 risk in the nonpainful group (hazard ratio = 2.05) and showed that predictive power of nonpainful status was independent of baseline ejection fraction, Holter data, concomitant @entity6 , and other covariates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 hospitalized with nonpainful @entity583 are much more likely to experience late @entity204 or @entity712 than are @entity1 with painful @entity583 . In part, this probably reflects more @entity16 with alternative warning symptoms such as @entity1353 . However, our data suggest that defective perception of warning @entity158 also provides a long-term risk to life that is independent of previously known predictors of poor outcome.

title: Prognosis after hospitalization for XXXX not accompanied by typical @entity63 @entity662 . The Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Trial Research Group.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The nature of astrocytic cells in @entity35 @entity11 induced by @entity330 ( @entity331 ) was studied by means of immunohistochemically demonstrating @entity40 ( @entity40 ), @entity7229 and beta-subunit of S 100 protein ( @entity21078 ) on paraffin sections. A special attention was paid to elucidating whether astrocytic cells would be neoplastic or not. The astrocytic cells in @entity5 were compared with astrocytes in normal @entity35 brains and reactive astrocytes around a stab wound for their morphology, distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics. @entity40 positive astrocytic cells in @entity5 were roughly divided into astrocytic cells and @entity1184 cells that showed morphologically similar appearance to fibrous astrocytes and @entity1184 reactive astrocytes around a stab wound respectively. A few multi-nucleated pleomorphic cells regarded as a kind of @entity1184 cells were also noted in gross @entity5 . @entity40 positive cells were diffusely distributed in early neoplastic proliferations and microtumors, while in gross @entity5 they tended to be localized at the periphery. The @entity40 positive cells were scattered among negative cells of @entity5 , forming no @entity5 mass. These findings suggest that the @entity40 positive cells show no @entity5 , even though histopathologically they exhibit atypism or pleomorphism. The quantitative analysis of @entity40 positive cells in @entity5 indicated more than 8% in most @entity5 in the white matter, whereas less than 8% in @entity5 in the gray matter and approximately 5% in gross @entity5 . The predominance of @entity40 positive cells in the white matter was also observed in lesions induced by a stab wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The nature of immunohistochemically defined astrocytic cells in @entity35 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylnitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic growth', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The nature of astrocytic cells in @entity35 @entity11 induced by @entity330 ( @entity331 ) was studied by means of immunohistochemically demonstrating @entity40 ( @entity40 ), @entity7229 and beta-subunit of S 100 protein ( @entity21078 ) on paraffin sections. A special attention was paid to elucidating whether astrocytic cells would be neoplastic or not. The astrocytic cells in @entity5 were compared with astrocytes in normal @entity35 brains and reactive astrocytes around a stab wound for their morphology, distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics. @entity40 positive astrocytic cells in @entity5 were roughly divided into astrocytic cells and @entity1184 cells that showed morphologically similar appearance to fibrous astrocytes and @entity1184 reactive astrocytes around a stab wound respectively. A few multi-nucleated pleomorphic cells regarded as a kind of @entity1184 cells were also noted in gross @entity5 . @entity40 positive cells were diffusely distributed in early neoplastic proliferations and microtumors, while in gross @entity5 they tended to be localized at the periphery. The @entity40 positive cells were scattered among negative cells of @entity5 , forming no @entity5 mass. These findings suggest that the @entity40 positive cells show no @entity5 , even though histopathologically they exhibit atypism or pleomorphism. The quantitative analysis of @entity40 positive cells in @entity5 indicated more than 8% in most @entity5 in the white matter, whereas less than 8% in @entity5 in the gray matter and approximately 5% in gross @entity5 . The predominance of @entity40 positive cells in the white matter was also observed in lesions induced by a stab wound.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The nature of immunohistochemically defined astrocytic cells in XXXX @entity11 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of antileukemic chemotherapy administered at diagnosis on the survival of @entity1 with @entity4585 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of locally identified @entity1 and analysis of cases from the medical literature. @entity1 : The records of all @entity1 with @entity4585 identified at three teaching hospitals in Toronto between 1980 and 1994 were reviewed. A MEDLINE search was done to identify all cases of @entity4585 reported in the English-language medical literature. @entity1 with a previous known @entity1503 were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: The effect of therapy on 1) the interval between diagnosis of @entity4585 and diagnosis of @entity3052 and 2) survival was determined. RESULTS: 7 local @entity1 and 83 published cases were identified, for a total of 90 evaluable @entity1 . For the entire group, the median time to the diagnosis of @entity3052 was 9 months, and median survival was 22 months. Chemotherapy was administered to 49 @entity1 (54%) at diagnosis of @entity4585 . Significantly fewer @entity1 treated with chemotherapy subsequently developed @entity3052 (41% compared with 71%; P = 0.001). Survival was longer in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy (> 50% alive with a median follow-up of 25 months compared with a median survival of 13 months for those initially untreated; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that neither local radiotherapy nor surgery had an effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of antileukemic chemotherapy at diagnosis of @entity4585 is associated with a significantly lower probability of developing @entity3052 and with longer survival.

title: XXXX : the effect of early antileukemic therapy.

entities_list: @entity4585 :: ('MESH:D023981', 'Disease') :: ['isolated chloroma', 'chloroma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity4585 :: (MESH:D023981,Disease) :: ['Isolated chloroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the surgical anatomy of the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm and the pattern of its vessels in the @entity7891 and incontinent @entity7890 . METHODS: A total of 11 @entity1 , 9 with unoperated classic exstrophy and 2 with incontinent @entity7890 , who were >5 years old at presentation, were selected for the present study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis was performed using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and an 8-channel coil. Computed tomography was performed for 5 @entity1 using a multidetector row helical computed tomography scanner. Angiograms of the vessels of the urogenital diaphragm were also obtained using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. RESULTS: A central perineal body was seen in all the @entity1 , with attachment of the bulbospongiosus anteriorly, superficial transverse perinei laterally, and anal sphincter posteriorly. At the root of corpora, the ischiocavernosus muscle was also seen. The triangle among the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle was accentuated and contained the perineal artery, indirectly indicating the course of the perineal nerve. The dorsal penile artery was nearer to the posterior edge of the ischiopubic ramus, before coursing on the lateral aspect of the anterior segment of the corpora. The deep transverse perinei muscle and laid open external urethral sphincter were also seen in the proximal planes of the urogenital diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS: First, all the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, including the external urethral sphincter, were present in the exstrophy bladder. Second, the perineal artery and its sphincteric branches were in the triangular space between the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle. Finally, the dorsal penile artery ran along the inner edge of the ischiopubic ramus before lying on lateral aspect of the corpora.

title: Surgical anatomy of urogenital diaphragm and course of its vessels in exstrophy- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['classic exstrophy bladder']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between @entity2380 and reversible @entity1665 . DESIGN: A retrospective survey of 1) @entity1 enrolled in NIAID Mycoses Study Group (MSG) protocols involving the long-term use of @entity2380 for treatment of endemic mycoses and 2) @entity1 treated with @entity2380 outside of a protocol setting but by the MSG investigators who were MSG members. SETTING: 26 MSG sites in the United States. @entity1 : 33 @entity1 with various deep and superficial mycoses who developed @entity1665 while receiving @entity2380 . RESULTS: 11 of 26 investigators reported a total of 33 @entity1 with substantial @entity1665 related to @entity2380 therapy. Underlying mycoses included @entity17101 , @entity19406 , @entity3219 , @entity1328 , @entity6656 , and @entity33 . In separate MSG studies, 17 of 136 (12.5%) and 8 of 40 (20%) @entity1 had substantial reversible @entity1665 associated with @entity2380 therapy. Eight @entity1 who were not in the protocol had similar adverse effects. Twenty-nine of 33 @entity1 (88%) received at least 400 mg of @entity2380 daily for a mean of 7.1 months. @entity1665 developed a median of 3 months after initiation of @entity2380 therapy and involved the scalp in all @entity1 . Other sites were involved in about one third of @entity1 . Three @entity1 required wigs because of extensive hair loss. @entity1665 resolved within 6 months of discontinuation of @entity2380 therapy or reduction of the daily dose by at least 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1665 appears to be a common adverse event associated with higher-dose (400 mg/d) @entity2380 given for 2 months or longer. This effect may be severe but is reversed by discontinuing @entity2380 therapy or substantially reducing the daily dose.

title: @entity1665 associated with XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['Alopecia', 'alopecia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity19406 :: ('MESH:D013174', 'Disease') :: ['sporotrichosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity17101 :: ('MESH:D001759', 'Disease') :: ['blastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the association between @entity2380 and reversible @entity1665 . DESIGN: A retrospective survey of 1) @entity1 enrolled in NIAID Mycoses Study Group (MSG) protocols involving the long-term use of @entity2380 for treatment of endemic mycoses and 2) @entity1 treated with @entity2380 outside of a protocol setting but by the MSG investigators who were MSG members. SETTING: 26 MSG sites in the United States. @entity1 : 33 @entity1 with various deep and superficial mycoses who developed @entity1665 while receiving @entity2380 . RESULTS: 11 of 26 investigators reported a total of 33 @entity1 with substantial @entity1665 related to @entity2380 therapy. Underlying mycoses included @entity17101 , @entity19406 , @entity3219 , @entity1328 , @entity6656 , and @entity33 . In separate MSG studies, 17 of 136 (12.5%) and 8 of 40 (20%) @entity1 had substantial reversible @entity1665 associated with @entity2380 therapy. Eight @entity1 who were not in the protocol had similar adverse effects. Twenty-nine of 33 @entity1 (88%) received at least 400 mg of @entity2380 daily for a mean of 7.1 months. @entity1665 developed a median of 3 months after initiation of @entity2380 therapy and involved the scalp in all @entity1 . Other sites were involved in about one third of @entity1 . Three @entity1 required wigs because of extensive hair loss. @entity1665 resolved within 6 months of discontinuation of @entity2380 therapy or reduction of the daily dose by at least 50%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1665 appears to be a common adverse event associated with higher-dose (400 mg/d) @entity2380 given for 2 months or longer. This effect may be severe but is reversed by discontinuing @entity2380 therapy or substantially reducing the daily dose.

title: XXXX associated with @entity2380 therapy.

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['Alopecia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the basic virology of @entity1082 ) and the natural history of @entity1083 and to discuss current and potential therapies. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database (1966 to 1994) was searched to identify English-language articles and abstracts on HPV biology and antiviral chemotherapy. STUDY SELECTION: Peer-reviewed basic science and clinical research studies on the molecular, cellular, and @entity1 biology of @entity1083 . DATA EXTRACTION: Summaries of data from research studies on the biology of @entity1083 and information from review articles on the basic and applied pharmacology of antiviral agents. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity1083 are very common. @entity1082 infections may be asymptomatic or may be manifested in various benign or malignant lesions, most notably anogenital @entity189 . Currently, therapeutic options for @entity1083 are limited, expensive, and often ineffective. By understanding the basic virology and natural history of @entity1083 , potential sites for pharmacologic intervention can be identified. Although currently available antiviral compounds are inactive against HPV, they serve as models for the rational design of HPV antiviral drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1083 causes substantial morbidity and expense, uniformly effective therapy for @entity1083 is not currently available. Several processes in the @entity1083 cycle are appropriate targets for the development of antiviral agents. The development of compounds active against HPV could prevent the benign and malignant diseases associated with @entity1083 .

title: Antiviral therapy for XXXX papillomaviruses: rational and prospects.

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['Papillomavirus infections', 'HPV infection', 'papillomavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma and anogenital carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ) remains disappointing despite high initial complete response rates. The dramatic initial chemosensitivity of @entity5 cells is frustrated by the early emergence of chemoresistant clonogenic cells, regardless of front line treatments. Although the dose relationship is fairly well established regarding the response rate, its effect on survival is inconclusive. From 1980 to 1988, 202 @entity1 with limited @entity151 were included in four consecutive protocols using an alternating schedule of thoracic radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite an increase of chemotherapy and/or total radiation doses, no significant difference was observed between the four protocols in terms of response rate, disease free and overall survival. However, a retrospective analysis performed on a total of 131 consecutive @entity1 led us to propose the hypothesis that a moderate increase in the initial dose, ie first course, of @entity900 and @entity786 could improve overall survival. From 1988 to 1991, 105 @entity1 were subsequently included in a large randomized trial raising this question. The treatment difference only concerned the initial doses of @entity900 (80 vs 100 mg/m2) and @entity786 (900 vs 1200 mg/m2). The trial was closed after inclusion of 105 @entity1 , 32 months after the start of the study because at that time overall survival was significantly better in the higher-dose group (p = 0.001). The emergence of this debatable concept opens new directions in the therapeutic strategy of @entity151 and the contribution of hematopoietic growth factors may be of great interest in the management of this disease.

title: [Importance of the initial chemotherapy dose in the treatment of XXXX : therapeutic perspectives].

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: In immobilized @entity1 different drugs are used for @entity1031 prophylaxis. Arterial vasospastic complications have recently been reported after Heparin-DHE. In our clinical observation five of these cases were treated. A multicenter study was performed in 82 Austrian trauma units investigating the incidence and outcome of complications of Heparin DHE prophylaxis. 147,290 @entity1 had different drugs for @entity1031 prophylaxis. 61,092 got Heparin-DHE. Complications could be observed at 142 @entity1 but only in the group receiving Heparin DHE. 135 cases were treated conservatively (amputation of limbs became necessary in seven @entity1 ). In seven other cases immediate operative exposure of the vessels and balloon catheter dilatation was successfully performed. @entity2553 occurred only in @entity1 with Heparin DHE prophylaxis. It is important to realize this possibility, so that early therapeutic measurements can be taken to avoid unnecessary permanent @entity16 and limb amputation.

title: [Prevention of XXXX in accident surgery--angiospastic complications with DHE-heparin. A multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damages']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the current epidemiology of @entity360 . DESIGN: Population based, unselected, multicentre, prospective survey. SETTING: 74 hospitals receiving emergency admissions in four health regions in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: 4185 cases of @entity360 in which @entity1 were aged over 16 years identified over four months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and mortality. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity360 in the United Kingdom is 103/100,000 adults per year. The incidence rises from 23 in those aged under 30 to 485 in those aged over 75. At all ages incidence in @entity1 was more than double that in @entity1 except in elderly @entity1 . 14% of the @entity548 occurred in inpatients already in hospital for some other reason. In 27% of cases (37% female, 19% male) @entity1 were aged over 80. Overall mortality was 14% (11% in emergency admissions and 33% in @entity548 in inpatients). In the emergency admissions, 65% of deaths in those aged under 80 were associated with @entity5 or organ failure at presentation. Mortality for @entity1 under 60 in the absence of @entity5 or organ failure at presentation was 0.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity360 is twice that previously reported in England and similar to that reported in Scotland. The incidence increases appreciably with age. Although the proportion of elderly @entity1 continues to rise and mortality increases steeply with age, age standardised mortality is lower than in earlier studies. @entity204 occurred almost exclusively in very old @entity1 or those with severe comorbidity.

title: Incidence of and mortality from XXXX in the United Kingdom. Steering Committee and members of the National Audit of @entity360 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']