abstract: Autophagy is an important component of the immune response. However, the functions of autophagy in @entity1 diseases are much less understood. We studied biological consequences of @entity29181 in @entity19 lacking the essential autophagy gene @entity30527 or @entity15254 in myeloid cells. Surprisingly, these @entity19 presented with spontaneous @entity55 , characterized by marked recruitment of inflammatory cells, submucosal thickening, goblet cell metaplasia, and increased collagen content. @entity55 was associated with increase in several proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage and in serum. This @entity32 was largely driven by @entity6026 as a result of constitutive inflammasome activation. Following i.p. LPS injection, autophagy-deficient @entity19 had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and in serum, as well as increased mortality, than control @entity19 . Intranasal bleomycin challenge exacerbated @entity55 in autophagy-deficient @entity19 and produced more severe fibrotic changes than in control @entity19 . These results uncover a new and important role for autophagy as negative regulator of @entity55 .

title: Critical role for @entity6026 in XXXX caused by @entity29181 .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['spontaneous lung inflammation']


abstract: Autophagy is an important component of the immune response. However, the functions of autophagy in @entity1 diseases are much less understood. We studied biological consequences of @entity29181 in @entity19 lacking the essential autophagy gene @entity30527 or @entity15254 in myeloid cells. Surprisingly, these @entity19 presented with spontaneous @entity55 , characterized by marked recruitment of inflammatory cells, submucosal thickening, goblet cell metaplasia, and increased collagen content. @entity55 was associated with increase in several proinflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage and in serum. This @entity32 was largely driven by @entity6026 as a result of constitutive inflammasome activation. Following i.p. LPS injection, autophagy-deficient @entity19 had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and in serum, as well as increased mortality, than control @entity19 . Intranasal bleomycin challenge exacerbated @entity55 in autophagy-deficient @entity19 and produced more severe fibrotic changes than in control @entity19 . These results uncover a new and important role for autophagy as negative regulator of @entity55 .

title: Critical role for @entity6026 in @entity55 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['sterile lung inflammation', 'Lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29181 :: ('MESH:C564093', 'Disease') :: ['autophagy deficiency']

answer: @entity29181 :: (MESH:C564093,Disease) :: ['autophagy deficiency']


abstract: @entity52164 encodes the a subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and is expressed at the neuromuscular junction. Moreover, it is one of the causative genes of @entity8491 ( @entity8491 ). @entity52164 undergoes alternative splicing to produce two splice variants: P3A(-), without exon P3A, and P3A(+), with the exon P3A. Only P3A(-) forms functional @entity6786 . Aberrant alternative splicing caused by intronic or exonic point mutations in @entity1 leads to an extraordinary increase in P3A(+) and a concomitant decrease in P3A(-). Consequently this resulted in a shortage of functional receptors. Aiming to restore the imbalance between the two splice products, antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) were employed to induce exon P3A skipping. Three AON sequences were designed to sterically block the putative binding sequences for splicing factors necessary for exon recognition. Herein, we show that AON @entity8585 ' splice site of the exon was the most effective at exon skipping of the minigene with causative mutations, as well as endogenous wild-type @entity52164 . We conclude that single administration of the AON against the 5' splice site is a promising therapeutic approach for @entity1 based on the dose-dependent effect of the AON and the additive effect of combined AONs. This conclusion is favorable to @entity1 with @entity74 of uncertain etiology that arise from aberrant splicing leading to a subsequent loss of functional translation products because our findings encourage the option of AON treatment as a therapeutic for these prospectively identified diseases.

title: Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping of XXXX pre-mRNA as potential therapy for @entity8491 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8585 :: ('MESH:D016731', 'Disease') :: ['complementary to the 5']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

answer: @entity52164 :: (1134,Gene) :: ['CHRNA1']


abstract: @entity52164 encodes the a subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and is expressed at the neuromuscular junction. Moreover, it is one of the causative genes of @entity8491 ( @entity8491 ). @entity52164 undergoes alternative splicing to produce two splice variants: P3A(-), without exon P3A, and P3A(+), with the exon P3A. Only P3A(-) forms functional @entity6786 . Aberrant alternative splicing caused by intronic or exonic point mutations in @entity1 leads to an extraordinary increase in P3A(+) and a concomitant decrease in P3A(-). Consequently this resulted in a shortage of functional receptors. Aiming to restore the imbalance between the two splice products, antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) were employed to induce exon P3A skipping. Three AON sequences were designed to sterically block the putative binding sequences for splicing factors necessary for exon recognition. Herein, we show that AON @entity8585 ' splice site of the exon was the most effective at exon skipping of the minigene with causative mutations, as well as endogenous wild-type @entity52164 . We conclude that single administration of the AON against the 5' splice site is a promising therapeutic approach for @entity1 based on the dose-dependent effect of the AON and the additive effect of combined AONs. This conclusion is favorable to @entity1 with @entity74 of uncertain etiology that arise from aberrant splicing leading to a subsequent loss of functional translation products because our findings encourage the option of AON treatment as a therapeutic for these prospectively identified diseases.

title: Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping of @entity52164 pre-mRNA as potential therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity8491 :: (MESH:D020294,Disease) :: ['Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) has the worst survival of all periampullary @entity5 . This may relate to histopathological differences between @entity5 . Our aim was to examine the distribution and histopathologic features of @entity788 resected with a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to examine @entity5 resected with a PD. METHODS: A retrospective review of PD between January 2000 and December 2012 at a public metropolitan database was performed. The institutional ethics committee approved this study. RESULTS: There were 142 PDs during the study period, of which 70 cases were pre-2010 and 72 post-2010, corresponding to a recent increase in the number of cases. Of the 142 cases, 116 were for periampullary @entity5 . There were also proportionately more PD for @entity788 (26/60, 43% pre-2010 vs 39/56, 70% post-2010, P   =   0.005). There were 65/116 (56%) pancreatic, 29/116 (25%), ampullary, 17/116 (15%) biliary and 5/116 (4%) @entity5 . Nodal involvement occurred more frequently in @entity788 (78%) compared to ampullary (59%), biliary (47%) and @entity5 (20%), P   =   0.002. Perineural invasion was also more frequent in @entity788 (74%) compared to ampullary (34%), biliary (59%) and @entity5 (20%), P   =   0.002. @entity3 was seen in 57% pancreatic, 38% ampullary, 41% biliary and 20% @entity5 , P   =   0.222. Overall, clear margins (R0) were achieved in fewer @entity788 41/65 (63%) compared to ampullary 27/29 (93%; P   =   0.003) and @entity5 16/17 (94%; P   =   0.014). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights that almost half of PD was performed for @entity5 other than @entity788 , mainly ampullary and @entity5 . The volume of PD has increased in recent years with an increased proportion being for @entity788 . @entity788 had higher rates of nodal and perineural invasion compared to ampullary, @entity5 .

title: Distribution and pathological features of XXXX resected with pancreaticoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'biliary cancers', 'biliary and duodenal cancers', 'duodenal cancers', 'pancreatic cancers and other periampullary cancers', 'local trends of periampullary cancers']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic, ampullary, biliary and duodenal cancers', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Microvascular invasion']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic, ampullary, biliary and duodenal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3183 and @entity6683 are produced commercially by @entity3881 . The production strains of @entity3183 and @entity6683 were both derivatives from mutagenesis. However, the exact metabolic and genetic factors affecting the productivity remain unknown. Genetic engineering may be a promising approach to identify and confirm these factors. RESULTS: With the deletion of the cdd and hom genes, and the deregulation of the pyr operon in @entity7682 , the engineered strain produced 200.9  mg/L @entity3183 , 14.9  mg/L @entity6683 and 960.1  mg/L @entity5537 . Then, the overexpressed prs gene led to a dramatic increase of @entity6683 by 25.9 times along with a modest increase of @entity3183 . Furthermore, the overexpressed pyrG gene improved the production of @entity3183 , @entity6683 and @entity5537 by 259.5%, 11.2% and 68.8%, respectively. Moreover, the overexpression of the pyrH gene increasesd the yield of @entity3183 by 40%, along with a modest augments of @entity6683 and @entity5537 . Lastly, the deletion of the nupC-pdp gene resulted in a doubled production of @entity6683 up to 1684.6  mg/L, a 14.4% increase of @entity3183 to 1423  mg/L, and a 99% decrease of @entity5537 to only 14.2  mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: The deregulation of the pyr operon and the overexpression of the prs, pyrG and pyrH genes all contribute to the accumulation of @entity35343 compounds in the medium. Among these factors, the overexpression of the pyrG and pyrH genes can particularly facilitate the production of @entity3183 . Meanwhile, the deletion of the nupC-pdp gene can obviously reduce the production of @entity5537 and simultaneously improve the production of @entity6683 .

title: Metabolic and genetic factors affecting the productivity of XXXX in @entity3881 .

entities_list: @entity7682 :: ('224308', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis168']

entities_list: @entity35343 :: ('CHEBI:26440', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine', 'Cytidine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity35343 :: (CHEBI:26440,Chemical) :: ['pyrimidine nucleoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3183 and @entity6683 are produced commercially by @entity3881 . The production strains of @entity3183 and @entity6683 were both derivatives from mutagenesis. However, the exact metabolic and genetic factors affecting the productivity remain unknown. Genetic engineering may be a promising approach to identify and confirm these factors. RESULTS: With the deletion of the cdd and hom genes, and the deregulation of the pyr operon in @entity7682 , the engineered strain produced 200.9  mg/L @entity3183 , 14.9  mg/L @entity6683 and 960.1  mg/L @entity5537 . Then, the overexpressed prs gene led to a dramatic increase of @entity6683 by 25.9 times along with a modest increase of @entity3183 . Furthermore, the overexpressed pyrG gene improved the production of @entity3183 , @entity6683 and @entity5537 by 259.5%, 11.2% and 68.8%, respectively. Moreover, the overexpression of the pyrH gene increasesd the yield of @entity3183 by 40%, along with a modest augments of @entity6683 and @entity5537 . Lastly, the deletion of the nupC-pdp gene resulted in a doubled production of @entity6683 up to 1684.6  mg/L, a 14.4% increase of @entity3183 to 1423  mg/L, and a 99% decrease of @entity5537 to only 14.2  mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: The deregulation of the pyr operon and the overexpression of the prs, pyrG and pyrH genes all contribute to the accumulation of @entity35343 compounds in the medium. Among these factors, the overexpression of the pyrG and pyrH genes can particularly facilitate the production of @entity3183 . Meanwhile, the deletion of the nupC-pdp gene can obviously reduce the production of @entity5537 and simultaneously improve the production of @entity6683 .

title: Metabolic and genetic factors affecting the productivity of @entity35343 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cry8Ka5 is a mutant protein from @entity11137 (Bt) that has been proposed for developing transgenic plants due to promising activity against coleopterans, like Anthonomus grandis (the major pest of Brazilian @entity2708 culture). Thus, an early food safety assessment of Cry8Ka5 protein could provide valuable information to support its use as a harmless biotechnological tool. This study aimed to evaluate the food safety of Cry8Ka5 protein following the two-tiered approach, based on weights of evidence, proposed by ILSI. Cry1Ac protein was used as a control Bt protein. The history of safe use revealed no convincing hazard reports for Bt pesticides and three-domain Cry proteins. The bioinformatics analysis with the primary @entity1522 sequence of Cry8Ka5 showed no similarity to any known @entity137 , antinutritional or allergenic proteins. The mode of action of Cry proteins is well understood and their fine specificity is restricted to insects. Cry8Ka5 and Cry1Ac proteins were rapidly degraded in simulated gastric fluid, but were resistant to simulated intestinal fluid and heat treatment. The LD50 for Cry8Ka5 and @entity37922 Ac was >5000   mg/kg body weight when administered by gavage in @entity19 . Thus, no expected relevant risks are associated with the consumption of Cry8Ka5 protein.

title: Food safety assessment of Cry8Ka5 mutant protein using XXXX Ac as a control Bt protein.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

answer: @entity37922 :: (12952(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Cry1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) for early @entity356 (EGC). METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of 52 @entity1 with EGC undergoing PPG between August 1995 and December 2005 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 159 @entity1 of EGC who underwent distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection(control group) were compared with those who received PPG. RESULTS: The lymph node @entity3 rate of EGC was 9.6% in PPG group, including 9.6% in No.3, 3.9% in No.4, 3.9% in No.6, and 3.9% in No.7. In the control group, the lymph node @entity3 rate was 17.0%, including N1(14.5%) and N2(2.5%). There were no significant differences between the PPG group and the control group (P>0.05). In the PPG group, D1 dissection was 25%, D1+a was 25%, D1+b was 34.6%, and D2 was 15.3%. In control group, 121 @entity1 (76.1%) had less than D2 dissection, while there were 33(20.7%) D2, and 5(3.1%) D3, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in overall 5-year survival rate(92.3% vs. 93.1%, P=0.881). The 5-year survival rate in the PPG group was 100% for D1, 92.3% for D1+a, 88.9% for D1+b, and 85.7% for D2, while the 5-year survival rate in the control group was 92.3% for D1, 93.3% for D1+a, 91.7% for D1+b, and 93.9% for D2. The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The recurrence rate was comparable (5.7% vs. 5.6%, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy may provide long-term survival benefits for @entity1 with early @entity356 .

title: [Efficacy observation after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically study the antiviral effects of @entity16332 and @entity17705 on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ( @entity97 -ACLF). METHODS; A prospective, randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial was designed to observe the antiviral effects of @entity2353 analogues on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. Three groups were set for controlled study, i. e. basic treatment group, @entity16332 plus basic treatment group and @entity17705 plus basic treatment group. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the improvement rates of @entity16332 group and @entity17705 group were 58.85% and 59.15% respectively, significantly higher than that of basic treatment group which was 34.84% (Chi(2) = 9.8323, P = 0.043). By the end of six months, the cumulative survival rates of @entity1 with the antiviral treatments, i.e., @entity16332 , @entity17705 , were 65.8%, 60.1%, significantly higher than that (42%) without the antiviral treatment (P = 0.045, P = 0.04 respectively). The cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with a MELD score < 30 was higher than that with a MELD score over 30 (Chi(2) = 3.920, P = 0.048). For the @entity1 with pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7), the cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with @entity17705 treatments group was higher than that of @entity1 in basic treatment group (Chi(2) = 5. 014 P= 0.025). According to the Ordinal Regression analysis, antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the improvement rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. But severe complications, including @entity3182 , electrolyte imbalance and @entity99 , medical history of @entity1575 , and pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7) had significant impacts on prognosis of this group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the survival rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF.

title: [ XXXX and @entity17705 significantly improved the prognosis of early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ].

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute on chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['Lamivudine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically study the antiviral effects of @entity16332 and @entity17705 on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ( @entity97 -ACLF). METHODS; A prospective, randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial was designed to observe the antiviral effects of @entity2353 analogues on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. Three groups were set for controlled study, i. e. basic treatment group, @entity16332 plus basic treatment group and @entity17705 plus basic treatment group. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the improvement rates of @entity16332 group and @entity17705 group were 58.85% and 59.15% respectively, significantly higher than that of basic treatment group which was 34.84% (Chi(2) = 9.8323, P = 0.043). By the end of six months, the cumulative survival rates of @entity1 with the antiviral treatments, i.e., @entity16332 , @entity17705 , were 65.8%, 60.1%, significantly higher than that (42%) without the antiviral treatment (P = 0.045, P = 0.04 respectively). The cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with a MELD score < 30 was higher than that with a MELD score over 30 (Chi(2) = 3.920, P = 0.048). For the @entity1 with pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7), the cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with @entity17705 treatments group was higher than that of @entity1 in basic treatment group (Chi(2) = 5. 014 P= 0.025). According to the Ordinal Regression analysis, antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the improvement rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. But severe complications, including @entity3182 , electrolyte imbalance and @entity99 , medical history of @entity1575 , and pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7) had significant impacts on prognosis of this group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the survival rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF.

title: [ @entity16332 and XXXX significantly improved the prognosis of early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity17705 :: (MESH:C413685,Chemical) :: ['entecavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically study the antiviral effects of @entity16332 and @entity17705 on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ( @entity97 -ACLF). METHODS; A prospective, randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial was designed to observe the antiviral effects of @entity2353 analogues on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. Three groups were set for controlled study, i. e. basic treatment group, @entity16332 plus basic treatment group and @entity17705 plus basic treatment group. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the improvement rates of @entity16332 group and @entity17705 group were 58.85% and 59.15% respectively, significantly higher than that of basic treatment group which was 34.84% (Chi(2) = 9.8323, P = 0.043). By the end of six months, the cumulative survival rates of @entity1 with the antiviral treatments, i.e., @entity16332 , @entity17705 , were 65.8%, 60.1%, significantly higher than that (42%) without the antiviral treatment (P = 0.045, P = 0.04 respectively). The cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with a MELD score < 30 was higher than that with a MELD score over 30 (Chi(2) = 3.920, P = 0.048). For the @entity1 with pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7), the cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with @entity17705 treatments group was higher than that of @entity1 in basic treatment group (Chi(2) = 5. 014 P= 0.025). According to the Ordinal Regression analysis, antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the improvement rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. But severe complications, including @entity3182 , electrolyte imbalance and @entity99 , medical history of @entity1575 , and pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7) had significant impacts on prognosis of this group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the survival rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF.

title: [ @entity16332 and @entity17705 significantly improved the prognosis of early-to-mid stage XXXX related @entity879 ].

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically study the antiviral effects of @entity16332 and @entity17705 on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related @entity879 ( @entity97 -ACLF). METHODS; A prospective, randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial was designed to observe the antiviral effects of @entity2353 analogues on @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. Three groups were set for controlled study, i. e. basic treatment group, @entity16332 plus basic treatment group and @entity17705 plus basic treatment group. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the improvement rates of @entity16332 group and @entity17705 group were 58.85% and 59.15% respectively, significantly higher than that of basic treatment group which was 34.84% (Chi(2) = 9.8323, P = 0.043). By the end of six months, the cumulative survival rates of @entity1 with the antiviral treatments, i.e., @entity16332 , @entity17705 , were 65.8%, 60.1%, significantly higher than that (42%) without the antiviral treatment (P = 0.045, P = 0.04 respectively). The cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with a MELD score < 30 was higher than that with a MELD score over 30 (Chi(2) = 3.920, P = 0.048). For the @entity1 with pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7), the cumulative survival rate in @entity1 with @entity17705 treatments group was higher than that of @entity1 in basic treatment group (Chi(2) = 5. 014 P= 0.025). According to the Ordinal Regression analysis, antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the improvement rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF. But severe complications, including @entity3182 , electrolyte imbalance and @entity99 , medical history of @entity1575 , and pretreatment @entity97 DNA > or = 10(7) had significant impacts on prognosis of this group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy by using either @entity16332 or entecavia could significantly increase the survival rate of @entity1 with early-to-mid stage @entity97 -ACLF.

title: [ @entity16332 and @entity17705 significantly improved the prognosis of early-to-mid stage @entity1956 related XXXX ].

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute on chronic liver failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mass spectrometry based phosphoproteomics emerged as advantageous approach for the analysis of @entity4149 phosphorylation on proteins and @entity4149 kinase signaling. Immunoaffinity purification is required for comprehensive analysis. Here we compared the performance of two antibodies for label-free @entity10393 -based phosphoproteomics. METHODS: Phosphopeptide immunoprecipitation of six technical replicates corresponding to 10mg protein from HCT116 cells was performed using agarose bead-coupled @entity10393 antibodies P-Tyr-1000 (N=3) and 4G10 (N=3). NanoLC-MS/MS was performed using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. For relative quantitation of protein phosphorylation, spectral counts of phosphoproteins and ion intensities of phosphopeptides were determined using MaxQuant. RESULTS: From the 3 samples incubated with P-Tyr-1000 a total of 689 phosphopeptides were identified with 60% ID reproducibility. The phosphopeptide capture using 4G10 resulted in a total of 421 at 46% ID reproducibility. The P-Tyr-1000 was applied to @entity470 mutated U87 cells. @entity3866 reduced @entity470 phosphorylation with 59% at y978, y1125, y1138, y1172, and y1197. @entity470 inhibition was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of @entity7984 , MET, @entity3818 , @entity54748 , @entity3963 and @entity22129 . CONCLUSION: The P-Tyr-1000 @entity10393 antibody performs superiorly when compared to 4G10 antibody for label-free @entity10393 -based phosphoproteomics. This workflow allows evaluation of drug target phosphorylation and may give insights in the pharmacodynamic effects of @entity4149 kinase inhibitors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the past decade multiple @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been implemented in standard treatment regimens for @entity1 with @entity5 . Unfortunately the majority of @entity1 develops resistance to these drugs. Reliable tools for analysis of pharmacodynamic effects and drug resistance mechanisms are therefore warranted. Phosphoproteomic analyses have meanwhile emerged as a sophisticated approach for the determination of protein phosphorylation. These analyses rely on antibodies for enrichment of @entity4149 -phosphorylated peptides. Here we compared two commercially available @entity10393 antibodies and show that P-Tyr-1000 yields 64% more phosphopeptides than 4G10 antibody, while including almost all 4G10 captured phosphopeptides. The workflow can be reproducibly performed at intermediate protein input levels of 10mg. Furthermore, application of the P-Tyr-1000 antibody in a standardized phosphoproteomics workflow allows relative quantitation of drug target inhibition and provides insights in alternative signaling pathways in @entity5 cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.

title: Evaluation of different XXXX antibodies for label-free phosphoproteomics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['Erlotinib']

answer: @entity10393 :: (CHEBI:74956,Chemical) :: ['phospho-tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recurrent @entity817 driver mutation @entity8554 ( @entity817 ( @entity8554 )) is currently one of the most clinically relevant mutations in @entity320 . However, the genome-wide transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations induced by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) are still unclear. The investigation of this driver mutation's functional consequences is critical to the understanding of tumorigenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic changes disturbed by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) by comparing the gene expression and methylation profiles of 34 primary @entity320 harboring @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) with those of 27 @entity817 ( @entity7097 ) samples available from The @entity5 (TCGA). A total of 711 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified as putative @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) target genes. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the transcription factor @entity3060 (p   <   3.6 * 10(-16)) and growth factor @entity2533 (p   <   3.1 * 10(-9)) were the most significantly enriched up-regulators, with @entity3060 being significantly up-regulated, whereas @entity2533 was significantly down-regulated in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ), suggesting that they may mediate tumorigenesis driven by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ). Further investigation using the @entity3060 ChIP-Seq data confirmed that @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) led to an overall increased level of gene expression for the @entity3060 targets. Furthermore, DNA methylation analysis revealed a global DNA methylation loss in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) relative to @entity817 ( @entity7097 ). This might be due to @entity817 dysregulation of @entity15786 , which was identified as a potential target with significant down-regulation in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ). Finally, we demonstrated that @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) targets may play essential functional roles in cell growth and proliferation, measured by their effects on @entity320 growth using a short hairpin RNA silencing experimental dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our integrative analysis identified a set of @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) target genes. Further analyses suggested a complex mechanism driven by mutation @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) on @entity320 that disturbs specific @entity5 -related genes, pathways, and methylation modifications.

title: In-depth genomic data analyses revealed complex transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations of BRAFV600E in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma tumors', 'melanoma tumorigenesis', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity362 are an extremely rare condition with only 17 cases described in the literature since 1980. They can reach enormous size and cause significant abdominal symptoms. The most important differential diagnosis is the well-differentiated @entity1821 , which preoperatively often may not definitely be ruled out. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 73 year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a @entity362 of 9 kg measuring 55 cm in diameter. The @entity1 presented with @entity490 and swelling that had been slowly progressive for the last 15 years. On computerized tomography an immense @entity5 was revealed. Intraoperatively, the @entity5 did not show any signs of infiltrative growth, therefore sole @entity5 extirpation was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity362 are not clearly distinguishable from well-differentiated @entity1821 on imaging and even biopsies may be misleading. Moreover, abdominal symptoms, i.e. @entity158 , obstipation and @entity1282 may occur due to mechanical displacement. Therefore, surgical exploration with complete oncological resection is the therapy of choice if malignity cannot be ruled out.

title: En-bloc resection of a XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['Retroperitoneal lipomas', 'giant retroperitoneal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['giant retroperitoneal lipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper demonstrates the mechanism of a multidimensional computerized adaptive test (CAT) to measure @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). A CAT can be used to precisely measure @entity1 -reported outcomes at an individual level as items are consequentially selected based on the @entity1 's previous answers. The item bank of the CAT Fatigue @entity309 has been developed from the @entity1 ' perspective and consists of 196 items pertaining to three @entity1295 dimensions: severity, impact and variability of @entity1295 . METHODS: The CAT Fatigue @entity309 was completed by fifteen @entity1 . To test the CAT's working mechanism, we applied the flowchart-check-method. The adaptive item selection procedure for each @entity1 was checked by the researchers. The estimated @entity1295 levels and the measurement precision per dimension were illustrated with the selected items, answers and flowcharts. RESULTS: The CAT Fatigue @entity309 selected all items in a logical sequence and those items were selected which provided the most information about the @entity1 's individual @entity1295 . Flowcharts further illustrated that the CAT reached a satisfactory measurement precision, with less than 20 items, on the dimensions severity and impact and to somewhat lesser extent also for the dimension variability. @entity1 ' @entity1295 scores varied across the three dimensions; sometimes severity scored highest, other times impact or variability. The CAT's ability to display different @entity1295 experiences can improve communication in daily clinical practice, guide interventions, and facilitate research into possible predictors of @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the CAT Fatigue @entity309 measures precise and comprehensive. Once it is examined in more detail in a consecutive, elaborate validation study, the CAT will be available for implementation in daily clinical practice and for research purposes.

title: Working mechanism of a multidimensional computerized adaptive test for XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper demonstrates the mechanism of a multidimensional computerized adaptive test (CAT) to measure @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). A CAT can be used to precisely measure @entity1 -reported outcomes at an individual level as items are consequentially selected based on the @entity1 's previous answers. The item bank of the CAT Fatigue @entity309 has been developed from the @entity1 ' perspective and consists of 196 items pertaining to three @entity1295 dimensions: severity, impact and variability of @entity1295 . METHODS: The CAT Fatigue @entity309 was completed by fifteen @entity1 . To test the CAT's working mechanism, we applied the flowchart-check-method. The adaptive item selection procedure for each @entity1 was checked by the researchers. The estimated @entity1295 levels and the measurement precision per dimension were illustrated with the selected items, answers and flowcharts. RESULTS: The CAT Fatigue @entity309 selected all items in a logical sequence and those items were selected which provided the most information about the @entity1 's individual @entity1295 . Flowcharts further illustrated that the CAT reached a satisfactory measurement precision, with less than 20 items, on the dimensions severity and impact and to somewhat lesser extent also for the dimension variability. @entity1 ' @entity1295 scores varied across the three dimensions; sometimes severity scored highest, other times impact or variability. The CAT's ability to display different @entity1295 experiences can improve communication in daily clinical practice, guide interventions, and facilitate research into possible predictors of @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the CAT Fatigue @entity309 measures precise and comprehensive. Once it is examined in more detail in a consecutive, elaborate validation study, the CAT will be available for implementation in daily clinical practice and for research purposes.

title: Working mechanism of a multidimensional computerized adaptive test for @entity1295 in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems are widely used tools to verify and correct the target position before each fraction, allowing to maximize treatment accuracy and precision. In this study, we evaluate automatic three-dimensional intensity-based rigid registration (RR) methods for prostate setup correction using CBCT scans and study the @entity3355 on registration quality. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 115 CBCT scans of 10 prostate @entity1 . CT-to-CBCT registration was performed using (a) global RR, (b) bony RR, or (c) bony RR refined by a local prostate RR using the CT clinical target volume (CTV) expanded with 1-to-20-mm varying margins. After propagation of the manual CT contours, automatic CBCT contours were generated. For evaluation, a radiation oncologist manually delineated the CTV on the CBCT scans. The propagated and manual CBCT contours were compared using the Dice similarity and a measure based on the bidirectional local distance (BLD). We also conducted a blind visual assessment of the quality of the propagated segmentations. Moreover, we automatically quantified @entity5584 between the CT and CBCT scans without using the manual CBCT contours and we investigated its correlation with the registration failures. To improve the registration quality, the air in the rectum was replaced with soft tissue using a filter. The results with and without filtering were compared. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of the Dice coefficients and the BLD values resulted in highly significant differences (p<10(-6)) for the 5-mm and 8-mm local RRs vs the global, bony and 1-mm local RRs. The 8-mm local RR provided the best compromise between accuracy and robustness (Dice median of 0.814 and 97% of success with filtering the air in the rectum). We observed that all failures were due to high @entity5584 . Moreover, the visual assessment confirmed the superiority of the 8-mm local RR over the bony RR. CONCLUSION: The most successful CT-to-CBCT RR method proved to be the 8-mm local RR. We have shown the correlation between its registration failures and @entity5584 . Furthermore, we have provided a simple (easily applicable in routine) and automatic method to quantify @entity5584 and to predict registration failure using only the manual CT contours.

title: Development of CBCT-based prostate setup correction strategies and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal distension']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['impact of rectal distension']

answer: @entity3355 :: (MESH:D014095,Disease) :: ['impact of rectal distension']


abstract: Adult intussusception is rare and usually caused by a @entity5 acting as the lead point. Therefore, laparotomy should be considered for the treatment. Laparoscopic procedures for use in cases of adult intussusception have been recently reported; however, there is no consensus regarding the safety and efficacy. Here, we describe a successful case of laparoscopic management of an octogenarian adult intussusception caused by an @entity362 , which was preoperatively suspected. An 87-year-old male presented with progressive @entity391 . Contrast radiography of the small intestine showed an @entity5 , and magnetic resonance imaging indicated a target-like mass, consistent with an ileal intussusception. The @entity1 was suspected with an intussusception due to an @entity362 , and laparoscopic surgery was performed. An approximately 10-cm-long ileal intussusception with a preceding @entity5 was present, and partial resection of the ileum, including the @entity5 , was performed. Macroscopic examination of the excised specimen showed a pedunculated @entity5 measuring 4.0   *   3.5   *   1.9  cm with an uneven surface, yielding a histological diagnosis of @entity362 . The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on postoperative day 8. This successful case showed that laparoscopic surgery can be a useful, safe, and efficacious procedure for adult intussusception, even in octogenarians.

title: Laparoscopic management of an octogenarian adult intussusception caused by an XXXX suspected preoperatively: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ileal tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'ileal lipoma']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['ileal lipoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary umbilical @entity320 is an uncommon @entity5 that is poorly described in the medical literature. The umbilical region is a particular anatomic site owing to the presence of embryonal remnants, which can be a potential metastatic pathway, as well as the braided lymphatic network drainage. Hence, primary @entity5 affecting the umbilicus require a different and more radical surgical approach compared with other @entity320 . CASE PRESENTATION: In this report, we describe a series of three @entity1 of Caucasian ethnicity who presented with primary umbilical @entity320 at the National @entity5 Institute of Naples, Italy. All @entity1 underwent wide excision of the @entity5 including the underlying peritoneum. No surgical complications, either immediate or delayed, were observed in any of the @entity1 . Sentinel lymph node biopsy was negative in two cases. Two of the @entity1 developed @entity3 and died after systemic medical therapy. The other @entity1 is currently in follow-up, and remains disease-free after 21 months. CONCLUSIONS: The umbilicus has vascular and embryological connections with the underlying peritoneum, so that early visceral involvement is more likely to occur with primary umbilical @entity320 . As such, @entity5 resection including the underlying peritoneum is required to avoid local relapse, whilst sentinel lymph node biopsy appears to be of poor diagnostic value.

title: Clinicopathologic features and surgical management of primary umbilical XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated by an equation that incorporates @entity1 ' age, gender, @entity1011 and weight or, ideally, lean body mass (LBM). However, measuring LBM is not easy if the @entity1 is @entity28 . The aim was to determine an acceptable bedside method for GFR estimation in @entity28 @entity1 . In 82 @entity28 Caucasian outpatients, anthropometric and other characteristics were collected including LBM by impedance analysis. Estimates of GFR were compared with a reference equation (CCGLBM) using Bland-Altman plots, correlation analysis and an independent sample t-test. The @entity1 (72% female) were aged 43.1  12.7 years with BMI 47.0  8.0kg/m(2), height 168.4  9.4cm and serum @entity1011 70.3  25.7 M. The GFR estimated by the CCGLBM equation was 98.2  33.6ml/min compared to other equations which ranged from 100.0  22.8 to 218.4  85.5ml/min. Any equation incorporating actual body weight overestimated the GFR by >120ml/min (p<0.001) with a significant fixed proportional bias (p<0.001). For GFRs between 20 and 180ml/min, an equation using ideal body weight (CCGIBW) equated to the CCGLBM estimate. The Modified Diet in @entity8 and @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration equations performed as well as the CCGLBM in estimating GFR but with proportional bias (p<0.001). Considering the ease of calculation of the CCGIBW at the bedside, it has a role in GFR estimation of @entity28 inpatients.

title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about health outcomes in severe @entity565 reflected by Global Initiative for @entity565 and  5. OBJECTIVE: To analyze control, risk, economic, and @entity283 ( @entity283 ) outcomes associated with treatment escalation to Global Initiative for @entity565 and  5. METHODS: This was a before-vs-after retrospective cohort study of @entity1 (12-75 years old) with @entity565 newly @entity1613 , high-intensity corticosteroids (HICS; >= 1,000  g/day of inhaled @entity5023 equivalent or oral @entity229 ), or high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (HDICS; >= 500 to <1,000  g/day of @entity5023 equivalent) using 2002 to 2011 MarketScan data. Poisson regression was used to model @entity283 outcomes; Tobit regression was used to model medical expenditures. RESULTS: Of 19,227 @entity1 , 856 @entity1613 , 6,926 initiated HICS, and 11,445 initiated HDICS. Use of b-agonist increased for the HDICS and HICS cohorts and decreased for the omalizumab cohort; acute care visits and oral @entity228 use decreased during follow-up for the HDICS and omalizumab cohorts. Annual health care expenditures, polypharmacy burden, and outpatient visits were high for all cohorts and increased in the follow-up year (baseline to follow-up; general health care expenditures: omalizumab  14,071 to  34,887, HICS  12,030 to  15,557, HDICS  7,570 to  9,826; annual number of @entity565 prescriptions: omalizumab 11.74 to 19.46, HICS 7.8 to 12.44, HDICS 5.17 to 9.69; outpatient visits: omalizumab 26.79 to 34.06, HICS 18.78 to 21.37, HDICS 15.06 to 16.64). CONCLUSION: Omalizumab use was associated with improvements in risk and control accompanied by large increases in expenditures per @entity283 . @entity1 on HDICS and HICS showed improvements in risk but worsening control and increased expenditures per @entity283 . Innovations in disease management and available treatment options are needed to more optimally achieve treatment goals.

title: Outcomes before and after treatment escalation to Global Initiative for XXXX and 5 in severe @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health resource use', 'HRU']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma steps 4', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiated to omalizumab', 'initiated omalizumab']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma steps 4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about health outcomes in severe @entity565 reflected by Global Initiative for @entity565 and  5. OBJECTIVE: To analyze control, risk, economic, and @entity283 ( @entity283 ) outcomes associated with treatment escalation to Global Initiative for @entity565 and  5. METHODS: This was a before-vs-after retrospective cohort study of @entity1 (12-75 years old) with @entity565 newly @entity1613 , high-intensity corticosteroids (HICS; >= 1,000  g/day of inhaled @entity5023 equivalent or oral @entity229 ), or high-dose inhaled corticosteroid (HDICS; >= 500 to <1,000  g/day of @entity5023 equivalent) using 2002 to 2011 MarketScan data. Poisson regression was used to model @entity283 outcomes; Tobit regression was used to model medical expenditures. RESULTS: Of 19,227 @entity1 , 856 @entity1613 , 6,926 initiated HICS, and 11,445 initiated HDICS. Use of b-agonist increased for the HDICS and HICS cohorts and decreased for the omalizumab cohort; acute care visits and oral @entity228 use decreased during follow-up for the HDICS and omalizumab cohorts. Annual health care expenditures, polypharmacy burden, and outpatient visits were high for all cohorts and increased in the follow-up year (baseline to follow-up; general health care expenditures: omalizumab  14,071 to  34,887, HICS  12,030 to  15,557, HDICS  7,570 to  9,826; annual number of @entity565 prescriptions: omalizumab 11.74 to 19.46, HICS 7.8 to 12.44, HDICS 5.17 to 9.69; outpatient visits: omalizumab 26.79 to 34.06, HICS 18.78 to 21.37, HDICS 15.06 to 16.64). CONCLUSION: Omalizumab use was associated with improvements in risk and control accompanied by large increases in expenditures per @entity283 . @entity1 on HDICS and HICS showed improvements in risk but worsening control and increased expenditures per @entity283 . Innovations in disease management and available treatment options are needed to more optimally achieve treatment goals.

title: Outcomes before and after treatment escalation to Global Initiative for @entity565 and 5 in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity472 may be related to @entity453 in @entity1 with tricuspid aortic valve, while aortic dilatation often is present in @entity1 with @entity4503 . We sought to define associations among @entity472 , @entity453 , and @entity2334 in @entity1 with tricuspid or @entity4503 undergoing surgery for @entity472 in a large referral medical center. METHODS: Two hundred seventy @entity1 with severe @entity472 (tricuspid 175, bicuspid 95) undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) were studied. RESULTS: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery plus AVR was required more often in tricuspid compared to @entity4503 [62.2% versus 26.3%; p<0.0001; odds ratio 4.5, confidence interval (CI) 2.5-8.3]. The incidence of @entity453 requiring CABG in @entity4503 (26.3%) was greater than that expected in the general population for similar age. Thoracic aorta surgery due to @entity449 plus AVR was performed more often in bicuspid compared to tricuspid aortic valve (27.3% versus 3.4%; p<0.0001; odds ratio 7.7, CI 3.0-22.1). The incidence of ascending @entity439 requiring surgery, however, was not more common in tricuspid aortic valve (3.4%) to that expected in the general population for similar age. CONCLUSION: Incidence of @entity453 is high in @entity1 with @entity472 , both in those with tricuspid and @entity4503 . Incidence of ascending @entity449 is high in @entity1 with bicuspid, but not those with tricuspid aortic valve. These findings should be taken into consideration in the evaluation and management of @entity1 with the @entity472 complex.

title: The XXXX complex: aortic valve, atherosclerosis, aortopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aorta aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathophysiological features and response to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of nonruptured/eroded plaque versus @entity397 as a cause of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: Autopsy series identified nonruptured/eroded plaque and @entity397 as the principal pathological substrates underlying @entity1186 in @entity583 . The real incidence of different plaque morphologies, associated biological factors, superimposed @entity715 , and their interaction with primary PCI remain largely unknown. METHODS: In a prospective study, 140 @entity1 with @entity583 underwent optical coherence tomography of the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) before PCI, after @entity2239 -eluting stent implantation and at 9-month follow-up. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of @entity715 aspirates and serum biomarkers were assessed at baseline. RESULTS: Culprit plaque morphology was adjudicated in 97 @entity1 : 32 plaques (33.0%) with an intact fibrous cap (IFC), 63 (64.9%) plaques with a ruptured fibrous cap (RFC), and 2 (2.1%) spontaneous dissections. @entity1 with an IFC and RFC had similar clinical characteristics, serum inflammatory, and platelets biomarkers. An IFC presented more frequently with a patent @entity1188 (56.2% vs. 34.9%; p  = 0.047), and had fewer lipid areas (lipid-rich areas: 75.0% vs. 100.0%; p  < 0.001) and less residual @entity715 before stenting (white @entity715 : 0.41 mm(3) vs. 1.52 mm(3); p  = 0.001; red  @entity715 : 0 mm(3) vs. 0.29 mm(3); p  = 0.001) with a lower peak of @entity908 kinase-myocardial band (66.6 UI/l vs. 149.8  UI/l; p  = 0.025). At the 9-month optical coherence tomography, IFC and RFC had similar high rates of stent strut  coverage (92.5% vs. 91.2%; p  = 0.15) and similar percentage of @entity3885 (12.6 vs. 10.2%; p  = 0.27). No  significant differences in clinical outcomes were observed up to 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, an IFC was observed at the culprit lesion site of one-third of STEMIs. IFC, compared with RFC, was associated with higher rates of patent @entity1188 at first angiography, fewer lipid areas, and residual endoluminal @entity715 . However, no difference in vascular response to @entity2239 -eluting stent was observed. (Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Gender Diversity in Primary Angioplasty [OCTAVIA]; NCT01377207).

title: Eroded Versus Ruptured Plaques at the Culprit Site of XXXX : In  Vivo Pathophysiological Features and Response to Primary  PCI.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['volume obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured plaque']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study examined the prognostic ability of our proposed performance status combined Japan Integrated Staging (PS-JIS) system in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 with @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) comparing with other four prognostic systems including original JIS system, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system, TNM classification system and the @entity96 Italian Program (CLIP) scoring system. A total of 1,170 @entity157 @entity1 complicated with @entity1575 were analysed. The disease was staged for all analysed @entity1 by means of the five staging systems. The cumulative @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank test. We also examined prognostic factors associated with @entity1349 using univariate and multivariate analyses and compared the prognostic ability in each prognostic system using concordance index (c-index) at 1-, 3- and 5-year time-points. Overall significance in each prognostic system was P<0.001. In the multivariate analyses, @entity5 number, @entity1 -Pugh classification, PS, initial treatment modality and several laboratory parameters were significant independent predictors linked to @entity1349 . For all cases, in each time-point, the c-index of PS-JIS system was the highest among five staging systems (0.847, 0.816 and 0.808, respectively), indicating that PS-JIS system has the best predictability among these staging systems. According to subgroup analyses stratified by initial treatment modality, in @entity1 treated with surgical resection (n=205), CLIP scoring system had the highest c-index at every time-point, whereas in @entity1 treated with percutaneous ablative therapies (n=632) at 3- and 5-year time-point and in those with transcatheter arterial therapies (n=281) at every time-point, the c-index of PS-JIS system was the highest. In conclusion, the proposed PS-JIS score can be a useful prognostic system for @entity157 @entity1 complicated with @entity1575 .

title: Proposal of the performance status combined Japan Integrated Staging system in XXXX complicated with cirrhosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the Liver']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72153 ( @entity72153 ) is an @entity9308 @entity990 resin used in, for example, resin systems of pre-impregnated composite materials (prepregs) of the aircraft industry. @entity3408 caused by @entity72153 in prepregs has been described previously. OBJECTIVES: To report on 9 @entity1 with @entity3408 caused by @entity72153 in @entity990 glues used in helicopter assembly. METHODS: The @entity1 were examined with patch testing at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2004-2009. The first @entity1 was diagnosed by testing both components of two @entity990 glues from the workplace, and was also tested with glue ingredients, including @entity72153 . The following @entity1 were tested with the glues and @entity72153 . The resin parts of the glues were analysed for their @entity990 compounds, including @entity72153 . RESULTS: All of the @entity1 had a patch test reaction to one or both of the resin parts of the @entity72153 -containing glues. Eight of them had a strong @entity56 to @entity72153 , and one had a doubtful reaction to @entity72153 . Two of the @entity1 also had an @entity56 to @entity72154 ( @entity72154 ), another @entity9308 @entity990 resin, which was not present in the @entity72153 -containing glues. CONCLUSIONS: In aircraft industry workers with suspected @entity3680 , @entity9308 @entity990 resins should be considered and patch tested as possible contact allergens.

title: Occupational contact dermatitis caused by XXXX @entity990 resins in the aircraft industry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['occupational allergic contact dermatitis', 'Allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3680 :: ('MESH:D009783', 'Disease') :: ['occupational dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity72154 :: ('MESH:C414224', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycidyl-p-aminophenol', 'TGPAP']

entities_list: @entity72153 :: ('MESH:C042840', 'Chemical') :: ["Tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylenedianiline", 'TGMDA']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity9308 :: (MESH:C023650,Chemical) :: ['aniline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72153 ( @entity72153 ) is an @entity9308 @entity990 resin used in, for example, resin systems of pre-impregnated composite materials (prepregs) of the aircraft industry. @entity3408 caused by @entity72153 in prepregs has been described previously. OBJECTIVES: To report on 9 @entity1 with @entity3408 caused by @entity72153 in @entity990 glues used in helicopter assembly. METHODS: The @entity1 were examined with patch testing at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2004-2009. The first @entity1 was diagnosed by testing both components of two @entity990 glues from the workplace, and was also tested with glue ingredients, including @entity72153 . The following @entity1 were tested with the glues and @entity72153 . The resin parts of the glues were analysed for their @entity990 compounds, including @entity72153 . RESULTS: All of the @entity1 had a patch test reaction to one or both of the resin parts of the @entity72153 -containing glues. Eight of them had a strong @entity56 to @entity72153 , and one had a doubtful reaction to @entity72153 . Two of the @entity1 also had an @entity56 to @entity72154 ( @entity72154 ), another @entity9308 @entity990 resin, which was not present in the @entity72153 -containing glues. CONCLUSIONS: In aircraft industry workers with suspected @entity3680 , @entity9308 @entity990 resins should be considered and patch tested as possible contact allergens.

title: Occupational contact dermatitis caused by @entity9308 XXXX resins in the aircraft industry.

answer: @entity990 :: (CHEBI:30721,Chemical) :: ['epoxy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of pH and temperature on the stability of @entity28585 in analgesic admixtures containing @entity1286 and @entity1342 . METHODS: All admixtures were combined using a wide range of concentrations, in implantable pumps and syringes, using temperatures from 4  C to 37  C. Quantification was made thanks to a specific chromatographic technique. pH has also been measured throughout the study. RESULTS: Admixtures confirm excellent stability for @entity1286 and @entity1342 . Concerning @entity28585 , an acid hydrolysis has been observed, reducing the time of use of our admixtures in a significant way, but producing non-toxic degradation products. The degradation was linear in all conditions. Inside the implantable pumps at body temperature turned out to be the best conditions for lower protein breakdown. Finally the degradation process showed a high correlation with the pH and the @entity1286 concentration with a median loss of concentration delay due to degradation of 3.5 days [3; 5] when pH<4.5 and 13 days [13; 24] when pH>= 4.5. CONCLUSION: Our admixtures showed different stability depending on the drug concentrations, pH and temperature. The great majority of mixtures in real life in our institution have stability highly compatible with our practice and with the delay between two pump refilling.

title: Influence of pH and temperature on XXXX stability in intrathecal analgesic admixtures in implantable pumps and syringes.

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity28585 :: ('MESH:C078452', 'Chemical') :: ['ziconotide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity28585 :: (MESH:C078452,Chemical) :: ['ziconotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 occurs frequently after kidney transplantation and may be reversed when the dosage of the immunosuppressive agents is tapered. However, the effect of transient post-transplantation @entity4854 (PTH) on transplantation outcomes is not well described. METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients without @entity6 who underwent kidney transplantation between 2001 and 2012 were enrolled in the study. Transient PTH was defined as recovery from PTH without further antidiabetic therapy and the maintenance of glycated hemoglobin levels  <6.5% at 1 year after transplantation. Persistent PTH until 1 year after transplantation was considered to be new-onset @entity6 after transplantation (NODAT). The factors associated with increased risk of PTH were analyzed. We compared the development of @entity6 , @entity65 , and other transplantation outcomes among @entity1 with no PTH, transient PTH, and NODAT. RESULTS: Among 176 kidney transplant recipients, 106 (60.2%) developed PTH and 58 (54.7%) of 106 @entity1 with PTH had transient PTH. Older age, high body mass index (BMI), and female gender were independent risk factors for transient PTH. The incidence of @entity6 was not significantly different between @entity1 with no PTH and those with transient PTH. The incidence of @entity65 was significantly increased in NODAT group compared with that in no PTH and transient PTH groups. However, the incidences of acute rejection, allograft loss, and @entity1 @entity204 were comparable among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transient @entity4854 after kidney transplantation was found to be associated with older age, high body mass index, and female gender. Transient elevation of blood @entity413 level did not affect post-transplantation outcomes, including @entity6 and @entity65 . However, @entity1 with NODAT should be carefully monitored for the occurrence of @entity65 .

title: Effect of Transient Post-transplantation XXXX on the Development of @entity6 and Transplantation Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4854 occurs frequently after kidney transplantation and may be reversed when the dosage of the immunosuppressive agents is tapered. However, the effect of transient post-transplantation @entity4854 (PTH) on transplantation outcomes is not well described. METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients without @entity6 who underwent kidney transplantation between 2001 and 2012 were enrolled in the study. Transient PTH was defined as recovery from PTH without further antidiabetic therapy and the maintenance of glycated hemoglobin levels  <6.5% at 1 year after transplantation. Persistent PTH until 1 year after transplantation was considered to be new-onset @entity6 after transplantation (NODAT). The factors associated with increased risk of PTH were analyzed. We compared the development of @entity6 , @entity65 , and other transplantation outcomes among @entity1 with no PTH, transient PTH, and NODAT. RESULTS: Among 176 kidney transplant recipients, 106 (60.2%) developed PTH and 58 (54.7%) of 106 @entity1 with PTH had transient PTH. Older age, high body mass index (BMI), and female gender were independent risk factors for transient PTH. The incidence of @entity6 was not significantly different between @entity1 with no PTH and those with transient PTH. The incidence of @entity65 was significantly increased in NODAT group compared with that in no PTH and transient PTH groups. However, the incidences of acute rejection, allograft loss, and @entity1 @entity204 were comparable among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transient @entity4854 after kidney transplantation was found to be associated with older age, high body mass index, and female gender. Transient elevation of blood @entity413 level did not affect post-transplantation outcomes, including @entity6 and @entity65 . However, @entity1 with NODAT should be carefully monitored for the occurrence of @entity65 .

title: Effect of Transient Post-transplantation @entity4854 on the Development of XXXX and Transplantation Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate (I) trastuzumab-containing primary systemic therapy (PST) in @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing @entity0 .; (II) compare the @entity1 who achieved and those who did not achieve pathological complete remission (pCR), and (III) analyze the accuracy of different clinical-imaging modalities in @entity5 response monitoring. METHODS: 188 @entity1 who received PST between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed and 43 @entity1722 overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 (28 Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive and 15 @entity1722 -positive) were enrolled. 26 @entity1 received mostly @entity3907 -based PST without trastuzumab (Group 1) and 17 @entity1 received trastuzumab-containing PST (Group 2). We compared the concordance between pCR and complete remission (CR) defined by breast-ultrasound, CR defined by standard @entity419 positron emission tomography and computerized tomography (FDG-PET/CT) criteria (Method 1) and CR defined by a novel, @entity0 specific FDG-PET/CT criteria (Method 2). Sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), and positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (38.5%) in Group 1 and eight (47%) in Group 2 achieved pCR. pCR was significantly more frequent in @entity1722 -positive than in Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive @entity5 in both Group 1: (P=0.043) and Group 2: (P=0.029). PET/CT evaluated by the @entity0 specific criteria (Method 2) differentiated pCR from non-pCR more accurately in both groups (Group 1: sens=77.8%, spec=%, @entity2286 =100%, NPV=71.4%; Group 2: sens=87.5%, spec=62.5%, @entity2286 =70%, NPV=83.3%) than standard PET/CT criteria (Method 1) (Group 1: sens=22.2% spec=100% @entity2286 =100% NPV=41.7%; in Group 2: sens=37.5%, spec=87.5%, @entity2286 =75% NPV=58.3%) or breast ultrasound (Group 1, sens=83.3% spec=25% @entity2286 =62.5% NPV=50%; Group 2, sens=100% spec=12.5% @entity2286 =41.6% NPV=100%). CONCLUSION: The benefit of targeted treatment with trastuzumab-containing PST in @entity1722 overexpressing @entity0 was defined in terms of pCR rate. Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive subtype needs further subdivision to identify @entity1 who would benefit from PST. Combined evaluation of @entity5 response by our novel, @entity0 specific FDG-PET/CT criteria accurately differentiated pCR from non-pCR @entity1 .

title: Response evaluation after primary systemic therapy of XXXX positive @entity0 - an observational cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['Her2', 'epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['Her2']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate (I) trastuzumab-containing primary systemic therapy (PST) in @entity1 @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing @entity0 .; (II) compare the @entity1 who achieved and those who did not achieve pathological complete remission (pCR), and (III) analyze the accuracy of different clinical-imaging modalities in @entity5 response monitoring. METHODS: 188 @entity1 who received PST between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed and 43 @entity1722 overexpressing @entity0 @entity1 (28 Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive and 15 @entity1722 -positive) were enrolled. 26 @entity1 received mostly @entity3907 -based PST without trastuzumab (Group 1) and 17 @entity1 received trastuzumab-containing PST (Group 2). We compared the concordance between pCR and complete remission (CR) defined by breast-ultrasound, CR defined by standard @entity419 positron emission tomography and computerized tomography (FDG-PET/CT) criteria (Method 1) and CR defined by a novel, @entity0 specific FDG-PET/CT criteria (Method 2). Sensitivity (sens), specificity (spec), and positive ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (38.5%) in Group 1 and eight (47%) in Group 2 achieved pCR. pCR was significantly more frequent in @entity1722 -positive than in Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive @entity5 in both Group 1: (P=0.043) and Group 2: (P=0.029). PET/CT evaluated by the @entity0 specific criteria (Method 2) differentiated pCR from non-pCR more accurately in both groups (Group 1: sens=77.8%, spec=%, @entity2286 =100%, NPV=71.4%; Group 2: sens=87.5%, spec=62.5%, @entity2286 =70%, NPV=83.3%) than standard PET/CT criteria (Method 1) (Group 1: sens=22.2% spec=100% @entity2286 =100% NPV=41.7%; in Group 2: sens=37.5%, spec=87.5%, @entity2286 =75% NPV=58.3%) or breast ultrasound (Group 1, sens=83.3% spec=25% @entity2286 =62.5% NPV=50%; Group 2, sens=100% spec=12.5% @entity2286 =41.6% NPV=100%). CONCLUSION: The benefit of targeted treatment with trastuzumab-containing PST in @entity1722 overexpressing @entity0 was defined in terms of pCR rate. Luminal B/ @entity1722 -positive subtype needs further subdivision to identify @entity1 who would benefit from PST. Combined evaluation of @entity5 response by our novel, @entity0 specific FDG-PET/CT criteria accurately differentiated pCR from non-pCR @entity1 .

title: Response evaluation after primary systemic therapy of @entity1722 positive XXXX - an observational cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity227 in primary @entity10064 (PCG) and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study visual fields of consecutive PCG @entity1 were examined using @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) or Goldmann visual field (GVF). All @entity1 had maintained an intraocular pressure (IOP)  <=14 mm Hg on standard care. Mean deviation, pattern standard deviation (PSD), foveal threshold in @entity2194 (degrees) in 24 meridians for targets V4e, I4e, I2e in GVF were recorded and evaluated with respect to baseline IOP and age at detection. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Qualitative analysis of GVF and reliable fields in @entity2194 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 100 eyes of 77 @entity1 were included: 56 eyes of 47 @entity1 were in the @entity2194 group; 44 eyes of 30 @entity1 , in the GVF group. On @entity2194 , mean deviation detected at  <=1 month of age was significantly lower than eyes detected after 1 year (P < 0.001). On GVF, the global visual field extent for target I4e and I2e was significantly lower for PCG detected at  <=1 month of age compared to those seen at >1 year (I4e, P < 0.001; I2e, P = 0.005). Mean deviation, PSD, and foveal threshold were significantly lower in PCG with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg than with IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (mean deviation, P < 0.001; PSD, P = 0.002; foveal threshold, P = 0.002). Extent for targets V4e and I4e on GVF were significantly lower in @entity1 with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg compared to those with baseline IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (V4e, P = 0.002; I4e, P = 0.003). @entity154 were found in 36 eyes (41%), most ommon being arcuate scotoma (19 eyes [22%]). CONCLUSIONS: PCG detected at age  <=1 month and those having a baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg show greater visual field loss.

title: XXXX in primary @entity10064 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Definitive glaucomatous defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HFA', 'HFA, and global visual field extent', 'Humphery Field Analyzer']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual field loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity227 in primary @entity10064 (PCG) and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study visual fields of consecutive PCG @entity1 were examined using @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) or Goldmann visual field (GVF). All @entity1 had maintained an intraocular pressure (IOP)  <=14 mm Hg on standard care. Mean deviation, pattern standard deviation (PSD), foveal threshold in @entity2194 (degrees) in 24 meridians for targets V4e, I4e, I2e in GVF were recorded and evaluated with respect to baseline IOP and age at detection. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Qualitative analysis of GVF and reliable fields in @entity2194 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 100 eyes of 77 @entity1 were included: 56 eyes of 47 @entity1 were in the @entity2194 group; 44 eyes of 30 @entity1 , in the GVF group. On @entity2194 , mean deviation detected at  <=1 month of age was significantly lower than eyes detected after 1 year (P < 0.001). On GVF, the global visual field extent for target I4e and I2e was significantly lower for PCG detected at  <=1 month of age compared to those seen at >1 year (I4e, P < 0.001; I2e, P = 0.005). Mean deviation, PSD, and foveal threshold were significantly lower in PCG with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg than with IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (mean deviation, P < 0.001; PSD, P = 0.002; foveal threshold, P = 0.002). Extent for targets V4e and I4e on GVF were significantly lower in @entity1 with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg compared to those with baseline IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (V4e, P = 0.002; I4e, P = 0.003). @entity154 were found in 36 eyes (41%), most ommon being arcuate scotoma (19 eyes [22%]). CONCLUSIONS: PCG detected at age  <=1 month and those having a baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg show greater visual field loss.

title: @entity227 in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['congenital glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fruit of litchi (Litchi chinensis) comprises a white translucent edible aril surrounded by a pericarp. The pericarp of litchi has been the focus of studies associated with fruit size, coloration, cracking and shelf life. However, research at the molecular level has been limited by the lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. In this study, an analysis of the transcriptome of litchi pericarp was performed to obtain information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological changes in the pericarp, including those leading to fruit surface coloration. RESULTS: Coincident with the rapid break down of @entity38 , but substantial increase of @entity4211 in litchi pericarp as fruit developed, two major physiological changes, degreening and pigmentation were visually apparent. In this study, a cDNA library of litchi pericarp with three different coloration stages was constructed. A total of 4.7 Gb of raw RNA-Seq data was generated and this was then de novo assembled into 51,089 unigenes with a mean length of 737  bp. Approximately 70% of the unigenes (34,705) could be annotated based on public protein databases and, of these, 3,649 genes were significantly differentially expressed between any two coloration stages, while 156 genes were differentially expressed among all three stages. Genes encoding enzymes involved in @entity38 degradation and @entity3096 biosynthesis were identified in the transcriptome dataset. The transcript expression patterns of the Stay Green (SGR) protein suggested a key role in @entity38 degradation in the litchi pericarp, and this conclusion was supported by the result of an assay over-expressing LcSGR protein in @entity286 leaves. We also found that the expression levels of most genes especially late @entity4211 biosynthesis genes were co-ordinated up-regulated coincident with the accumulation of @entity4211 , and that candidate MYB transcription factors that likely regulate @entity3096 biosynthesis were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a large collection of transcripts and expression profiles associated with litchi fruit maturation processes, including coloration. Since most of the unigenes were annotated, they provide a platform for litchi functional genomic research within this species.

title: Transcriptomic analysis of Litchi chinensis pericarp during maturation with a focus on @entity38 degradation and XXXX biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins', 'anthocyanin']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['flavonoid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fruit of litchi (Litchi chinensis) comprises a white translucent edible aril surrounded by a pericarp. The pericarp of litchi has been the focus of studies associated with fruit size, coloration, cracking and shelf life. However, research at the molecular level has been limited by the lack of genomic and transcriptomic information. In this study, an analysis of the transcriptome of litchi pericarp was performed to obtain information regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological changes in the pericarp, including those leading to fruit surface coloration. RESULTS: Coincident with the rapid break down of @entity38 , but substantial increase of @entity4211 in litchi pericarp as fruit developed, two major physiological changes, degreening and pigmentation were visually apparent. In this study, a cDNA library of litchi pericarp with three different coloration stages was constructed. A total of 4.7 Gb of raw RNA-Seq data was generated and this was then de novo assembled into 51,089 unigenes with a mean length of 737  bp. Approximately 70% of the unigenes (34,705) could be annotated based on public protein databases and, of these, 3,649 genes were significantly differentially expressed between any two coloration stages, while 156 genes were differentially expressed among all three stages. Genes encoding enzymes involved in @entity38 degradation and @entity3096 biosynthesis were identified in the transcriptome dataset. The transcript expression patterns of the Stay Green (SGR) protein suggested a key role in @entity38 degradation in the litchi pericarp, and this conclusion was supported by the result of an assay over-expressing LcSGR protein in @entity286 leaves. We also found that the expression levels of most genes especially late @entity4211 biosynthesis genes were co-ordinated up-regulated coincident with the accumulation of @entity4211 , and that candidate MYB transcription factors that likely regulate @entity3096 biosynthesis were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a large collection of transcripts and expression profiles associated with litchi fruit maturation processes, including coloration. Since most of the unigenes were annotated, they provide a platform for litchi functional genomic research within this species.

title: Transcriptomic analysis of Litchi chinensis pericarp during maturation with a focus on XXXX degradation and @entity3096 biosynthesis.

answer: @entity38 :: (MESH:D002734,Chemical) :: ['chlorophyll']


abstract: Multiple studies have addressed @entity1150 timing in traumatic @entity1545 . However, a precise time for safe and effective chemoprophylaxis is uncertain according to experts. A comprehensive literature review on @entity1545 was performed to delineate temporal proportions for 1) spontaneous @entity932 ( @entity932 ) progression, 2) post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion, and 3) post-chemoprophylaxis @entity1150 . Twenty-three publications were found including more than 5,000 @entity1 . Spontaneous @entity932 expansion at 24 hours was 14.8% in 1,437 @entity1 from chemoprophylaxis studies and 29.9% in 1,257 @entity1 not in chemoprophylaxis studies (P   <   0.0001). With low-risk @entity932 (n   =   136), 99% of spontaneous @entity932 expansion occurred within 48 hours. In moderate or high-risk @entity932 (n   =   109), 18% of spontaneous @entity932 expansion occurred after day 3. If @entity1 with pre-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion are included, the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 5.6% in 1,258 @entity1 with chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3 and was 1.5% in 401 with chemoprophylaxis after day 3 (P   =   0.0116). If @entity1 with pre-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion were excluded, the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 3.1% in 1,570 @entity1 with chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3 and was 2.8% in 582 with chemoprophylaxis after day 3 (P   =   0.7769). In @entity21 (n   =   188), the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 1.6% with chemoprophylaxis after day 3. The @entity1150 proportions were as follows: chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3, 2.6% in 2,384 @entity1 ; chemoprophylaxis on days 4 or 5, 2.2% in 831; and chemoprophylaxis on day 8, 14.1% in 99 (P   <   0.0001). Spontaneous @entity932 expansion proportions at 24 hours substantially vary between chemoprophylaxis and non-chemoprophylaxis studies. Chemoprophylaxis should not be given within 3 days of injury for moderate-risk or high-risk @entity932 . Chemoprophylaxis is reasonable when low-risk @entity1 have not developed @entity932 expansion within 48 hours @entity130 . Chemoprophylaxis is also acceptable after day 3, when low-risk @entity1 develop @entity932 expansion within 48 hours @entity130 . In @entity21 @entity1 who have not developed @entity932 within 72 hours, chemoprophylaxis is reasonable. @entity1150 proportions significantly increase when chemoprophylaxis is withheld for greater than 7 days.

title: Timing for XXXX in traumatic brain injury: an evidence-based review.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different maternal psychological states during pregnancy have been associated with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in @entity1 . However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal @entity308 and @entity148 during pregnancy with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in infancy. METHODS: In a longitudinal birth cohort (GUSTO) of 1152 mother- @entity1 pairs, wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in the @entity1 during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal @entity308 and @entity148 symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: An increased risk of wheezing was found in @entity1 of pregnant @entity1 with probable @entity308 (EPDS >=  15) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.12)], and an increased risk of @entity2490 was associated with maternal @entity148 [STAI state >=  41: OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.93); STAI trait >=  43: OR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of @entity56 , these associations remained significant [EPDS >=  15: adjusted OR = 2.09 (95% CI 1.05-4.19); STAI state >=  41: adjusted OR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.17-2.82); STAI trait >=  43: adjusted OR = 1.70 (95% CI 1.10-2.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with @entity483 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal @entity308 on wheezing and @entity148 on @entity2490 in infancy.

title: An independent association of prenatal XXXX with wheezing and @entity148 with @entity2490 in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['infantile eczema']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different maternal psychological states during pregnancy have been associated with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in @entity1 . However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal @entity308 and @entity148 during pregnancy with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in infancy. METHODS: In a longitudinal birth cohort (GUSTO) of 1152 mother- @entity1 pairs, wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in the @entity1 during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal @entity308 and @entity148 symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: An increased risk of wheezing was found in @entity1 of pregnant @entity1 with probable @entity308 (EPDS >=  15) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.12)], and an increased risk of @entity2490 was associated with maternal @entity148 [STAI state >=  41: OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.93); STAI trait >=  43: OR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of @entity56 , these associations remained significant [EPDS >=  15: adjusted OR = 2.09 (95% CI 1.05-4.19); STAI state >=  41: adjusted OR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.17-2.82); STAI trait >=  43: adjusted OR = 1.70 (95% CI 1.10-2.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with @entity483 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal @entity308 on wheezing and @entity148 on @entity2490 in infancy.

title: An independent association of prenatal @entity308 with wheezing and @entity148 with XXXX in infancy.

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different maternal psychological states during pregnancy have been associated with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in @entity1 . However, previous studies were limited and it was unclear whether the type of prenatal psychological state was associated with a particular symptom. We examined the association of maternal @entity308 and @entity148 during pregnancy with wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in infancy. METHODS: In a longitudinal birth cohort (GUSTO) of 1152 mother- @entity1 pairs, wheeze- @entity2490 - @entity484 symptoms in the @entity1 during the first year of life were collected by parental report. Maternal @entity308 and @entity148 symptoms were assessed at 26 weeks of gestation using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and State Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI). Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: An increased risk of wheezing was found in @entity1 of pregnant @entity1 with probable @entity308 (EPDS >=  15) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-3.12)], and an increased risk of @entity2490 was associated with maternal @entity148 [STAI state >=  41: OR = 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.93); STAI trait >=  43: OR = 1.38 (95% CI 1.01-1.88)]. After adjusting for known risk factors for the development of @entity56 , these associations remained significant [EPDS >=  15: adjusted OR = 2.09 (95% CI 1.05-4.19); STAI state >=  41: adjusted OR = 1.82 (95% CI 1.17-2.82); STAI trait >=  43: adjusted OR = 1.70 (95% CI 1.10-2.61)]. However, maternal psychological states were not associated with @entity483 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there may be an independent effect of prenatal @entity308 on wheezing and @entity148 on @entity2490 in infancy.

title: An independent association of prenatal @entity308 with wheezing and XXXX with @entity2490 in infancy.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple procedures have been described to treat a large-angle esodeviation with an associated abduction deficit. We report a plication augmentation of the Hummelsheim procedure for the management of @entity5971 and severe abduction deficit due to @entity2896 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 operated on using the plication augmentation Hummelsheim procedure at two tertiary centers were retrospectively reviewed. The surgery involved ipsilateral lateral rectus plication, half muscle transposition of the vertical rectus muscles to the paralytic plicated lateral rectus, Foster augmentation sutures, and ipsilateral medial rectus recession or botulinum toxin injection if it was found to be tight on intraoperative forced duction testing. Pre- and postoperative deviations, ocular motility findings, and complications were noted. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 were included, all of whom had an @entity5971 with profound abduction deficit (-4 or more). Postoperative deviations ranged from 14(  ) of @entity5971 to 14(  ) of @entity5770 , with significant improvement of the abductive motion. No @entity1 developed @entity1347 . CONCLUSIONS: The plication augmentation Hummelsheim procedure resulted in correction of even very large esodeviations and improvement of the abduction force. This procedure may also better preserve the blood supply to the anterior segment compared to other surgical approaches.

title: Plication augmentation of the modified Hummelsheim procedure for treatment of large-angle @entity5971 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['abducens nerve palsy or type 1 Duane syndrome']

answer: @entity2896 :: (MESH:D020434,Disease) :: ['abducens nerve palsy and type 1 Duane syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple procedures have been described to treat a large-angle esodeviation with an associated abduction deficit. We report a plication augmentation of the Hummelsheim procedure for the management of @entity5971 and severe abduction deficit due to @entity2896 . METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 operated on using the plication augmentation Hummelsheim procedure at two tertiary centers were retrospectively reviewed. The surgery involved ipsilateral lateral rectus plication, half muscle transposition of the vertical rectus muscles to the paralytic plicated lateral rectus, Foster augmentation sutures, and ipsilateral medial rectus recession or botulinum toxin injection if it was found to be tight on intraoperative forced duction testing. Pre- and postoperative deviations, ocular motility findings, and complications were noted. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 were included, all of whom had an @entity5971 with profound abduction deficit (-4 or more). Postoperative deviations ranged from 14(  ) of @entity5971 to 14(  ) of @entity5770 , with significant improvement of the abductive motion. No @entity1 developed @entity1347 . CONCLUSIONS: The plication augmentation Hummelsheim procedure resulted in correction of even very large esodeviations and improvement of the abduction force. This procedure may also better preserve the blood supply to the anterior segment compared to other surgical approaches.

title: Plication augmentation of the modified Hummelsheim procedure for treatment of large-angle XXXX due to @entity2896 .

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']