abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity0 cells, T-47D, irradiated with low dose-rates and to study activation of the @entity995 gene product in the G1 and G2 phases during irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were irradiated with (60)Co gamma-rays with dose-rates of 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1). Cell survival was measured as the ability of cells to form colonies. Cells were extracted, fixed and stained for simultaneous measurements of nuclear-bound @entity996 content and DNA content. Cell nuclei were stained with monoclonal antibody PMG3-245 and @entity2455 was used for additional staining of DNA. Two-parametric flow cytometry measurements of @entity996 and DNA content were performed using a FACSTAR(PLUS) flow cytometer. RESULTS: It was observed that irradiated cells were arrested in G2. No increase in radiation sensitivity was observed when the cells accumulated in G2. Irradiation of cells at both 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1) resulted in exponential dose-survival curves with nearly equal alpha values, i.e. the same radiosensitivity. However, the @entity995 gene product was bound in the nucleus, i.e. hypophosphorylated, in about 15% of the cells arrested in G2. CONCLUSIONS: T47-D cells accumulate in G2 during low dose irradiation, but no inverse dose-rate effect, i.e. a more efficient inactivation of cells at lower than at higher dose-rates, was observed. A population of arrested G2 cells has @entity996 protein bound in the nucleus, and @entity996 therefore could play a role in protecting cells against radiation-induced cell death in G2.

title: Lack of inverse dose-rate effect and binding of the @entity995 gene product in the nucleus of XXXX cancer T-47D cells arrested in G2 by ionizing radiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 and @entity65 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 , @entity301 , and @entity204 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity1 and 423 @entity1 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity1 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, @entity301 , and @entity204 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity65 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity1 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity65 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in @entity1 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity301 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity204 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of XXXX , @entity301 , and @entity204 : the Framingham Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 and @entity65 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 , @entity301 , and @entity204 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity1 and 423 @entity1 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity1 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, @entity301 , and @entity204 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity65 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity1 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity65 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in @entity1 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity301 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity204 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of @entity64 , XXXX , and @entity204 : the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 and @entity65 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity64 , @entity301 , and @entity204 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity1 and 423 @entity1 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity1 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack, @entity301 , and @entity204 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity65 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity1 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity65 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in @entity1 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity301 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity204 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity64 or transient @entity63 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of @entity64 , @entity301 , and XXXX : the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors associated with node involvement. STUDY DESIGN: In the period 1990-2008 a total of 265 @entity1204 were treated in the Institut Universitari Dexeus. We analysed the rate of myometrial invasion, @entity5 grade, histological type and node involvement. RESULTS: Overall, 86% of @entity5 were endometrioid, 5.3% papillary serous, 4.9% mixed and 2.6% endometrial stroma @entity242 . Among those with endometrioid histology, lymphadenectomy was not performed (NL) in 85 cases (37.2%), whereas pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) or @entity530 ( @entity530 ) was carried out in 84 (36.84%) and 59 @entity1 (25.87%), respectively. In NL @entity1 the overall disease-free survival (DFS) rate at five years was 92.8%. In the PL group, node involvement was observed in 2.4% of cases and the five-year DFS rate was 92.3%. Among @entity530 @entity1 , 18.6% showed node involvement (72.7% positive pelvic nodes and 63.6% aortic). Aortic involvement was present in 5.9% of cases when there was no pelvic disease, whereas in the presence of positive pelvic nodes the rate of aortic involvement was 50%. The DFS rate at five years was 93.6%. Referring to the risk factors, when infiltration was > 50% of the myometrium, lymph node involvement occurred in 37% of cases and G3 @entity5 in 45.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Node involvement is more commonly observed in cases with > 50% myometrial invasion and G3, accounting for 25% of cases that can be considered as at-risk @entity1 . When node involvement is present it is equally distributed between the pelvic and aortic levels. As node involvement is a predictive factor for distant @entity3 , the 25% of @entity1 considered to be at risk should undergo @entity530

title: Role of lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['PAL', 'pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrioid endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of catheter-associated @entity793 with a noble metal alloy-coated latex catheter or a non-coated @entity1346 catheter in @entity1 undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery with short-term catheterization. Secondary objectives included identifying risk factors for @entity793 and catheter-associated urinary tract symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study compared 217 @entity1 randomized to and receiving a @entity1346 catheter with 222 @entity1 treated with a coated latex catheter. Before removal of the catheter a sample for urinary culture was obtained. @entity793 was defined as the growth of >= 100 000 cfu/ml. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk groups for @entity793 . @entity1 were interviewed about urinary tract symptoms during and after catheterization. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity793 was 1.5% with the coated latex catheter and 5.5% with the @entity1346 catheter (p = 0.027) after a mean period of 2 days' catheterization time. Female gender (odds ratio 6.02) and @entity28 (odds ratio 5.08) were significant risk factors for @entity793 . A quarter of the @entity1 reported at least one symptom from the urinary tract during and after catheterization. Most @entity1 defined the symptoms as "yes, a little" and a few consulted a healthcare professional because of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed previous results that the noble metal alloy coating significantly reduces the risk of catheter-associated @entity793 in short-term catheterization (1-3 days). Female gender and @entity28 were significant risk factors for developing @entity793 , while the use of an open drainage system and insertion of the catheter on the ward were not.

title: Noble metal alloy-coated latex versus XXXX Foley catheter in short-term catheterization: a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteriuria', 'bacteriuria']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: The overall management results with 61 consecutive @entity1 admitted within 3 days of @entity510 from a @entity1756 were analyzed. During the course of this study, the preferred method of management shifted from late surgery (planned at least 7 days after the last @entity548 ) to early surgery (within 4 days of the last @entity548 ). Ten moribund @entity1 were excluded from analysis, leaving 24 in the late group and 27 in the early group. Both groups had comparable @entity1 demographic characteristics and @entity16 , and their care was supervised by one neurosurgeon (N.F.K.). A microsurgical intracranial operation was performed on all @entity1 who survived long enough to have surgery. The intraoperative conditions and complications were similar for the two groups. The average length of follow-up was 11 months in the late and 9 months in the early group. The overall management results for the late group showed a 42% favorable outcome, a 17% unfavorable outcome, and a 42% mortality. The early group had an 81% favorable outcome, a 7% unfavorable outcome, and an 11% mortality. @entity1 in both good and poor conditions fared better in the early group. Seven late group @entity1 rebled, compared to none in the early group. The number of medical complications, the length of hospitalization, and the occurrence of symptomatic @entity2553 were all greater in the late group. @entity2553 in the early group occurred only postoperatively and, with the @entity439 secured, was treated more aggressively and successfully with @entity101 /hypervolemic therapy than the predominantly operative @entity2553 in the late group.

title: Overall management of XXXX : comparison of early and late operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological conditions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2438 is a @entity245 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity1 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity137 with a case of @entity72 through a @entity15248 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity1068 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with an @entity72 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity74 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity353 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity26360 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity15248 . The mother reported a significant @entity353 during the pregnancy and a @entity28598 . @entity9138 ( @entity9138 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity1068 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity1068 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity1 with @entity72 . Maternal consumption of @entity1068 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity137 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a @entity1 with XXXX to 'horsetail' ( @entity26360 ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15248 :: ('MESH:D001361', 'Disease') :: ['vitamin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurodevelopmental toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28598 :: ('MESH:D014804', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of B-complex vitamins']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['complex neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B1', 'Thiamine']

entities_list: @entity26360 :: ('3258', 'Species') :: ['Equisetum arvense']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopment disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2438 is a @entity245 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity1 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity137 with a case of @entity72 through a @entity15248 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity1068 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with an @entity72 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity74 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity353 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity26360 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity15248 . The mother reported a significant @entity353 during the pregnancy and a @entity28598 . @entity9138 ( @entity9138 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity1068 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity1068 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity1 with @entity72 . Maternal consumption of @entity1068 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity137 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a @entity1 with @entity72 to 'horsetail' ( XXXX ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

answer: @entity26360 :: (3258,Species) :: ['Equisetum arvense']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2438 is a @entity245 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity1 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity137 with a case of @entity72 through a @entity15248 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity1068 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with an @entity72 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity74 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity353 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity26360 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity15248 . The mother reported a significant @entity353 during the pregnancy and a @entity28598 . @entity9138 ( @entity9138 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity1068 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity1068 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity1 with @entity72 . Maternal consumption of @entity1068 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity137 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a XXXX with @entity72 to 'horsetail' ( @entity26360 ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: Weight and length measurements were recorded for 1583 babies during the 1st year of life. The population sample was fairly constant and composed of @entity1 from white, middle and upper income families seen in the private practice of 11 pediatricians in Dallas, Texas. This study was part of a larger research effort to determine how diets during the 1st 6 months affect subsequent development of @entity566 . The babies were subdivided into 3 groups according to family history for @entity566 and 3 groups according to diet ( @entity291 , breast or soy milk) during the 1st 6 months. After examination at birth, the babies were reexamined monthly up to 6 months of age and bimonthly thereafter up to age 1. Nearly 22,000 observations were made in all. Tables and charts were constructed showing mean weight and length measurements plotted from birth through 38 weeks against 24 possible combinations of sex, family @entity566 history, and diet. No significant difference was detectable between subgroups when differences in birth weight were taken into account. Compared with the Iowa norms for @entity1 growth which were established from measurements taken 1926-49, these babies grew taller in the 1st year of life; weight differences were minimal. Revised @entity1 growth charts, more consistent with today's growth patterns, are needed.

title: New growth charts: soy, XXXX , and breast milk comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'children']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: We have studied 50 consecutive @entity1 who had sustained their first @entity583 . Using the noninvasive technique of radionuclide ventriculography, ventricular performance, as assessed by left ventricular @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ), was measured at rest just before discharge from hospital when @entity1 were well and free from @entity712 and then at one and four months after @entity1188 , at rest and during submaximal supine exercise. Left ventricular @entity9568 was below normal in 42 @entity1 (normal range 0.43-0.71). Mean @entity9568 for those @entity1 recovering from inferior @entity1188 was 0.43 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- 1 S.D.), whereas for those who had sustained anterior @entity1188 mean @entity9568 was significantly lower, 0.33 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.01). @entity9568 was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in those @entity1 whose early progress was complicated either by serious @entity943 or @entity1002 . There was only poor correlation between @entity9568 and radiographically determined heart size but global left ventricular performance correlated well with the presence of abnormalities of regional wall movement. Over the first four months low @entity9568 failed to improve in seven @entity1 with areas of dyskinesis ( @entity9568 less tha 0.30) and despite diuretic therapy five suffered further episodes of @entity712 . Excluding those with dyskinesis there were 18 @entity1 who were unable to increase @entity9568 on exercise on month after @entity1188 . Of these four already had symptoms of @entity951 but a further 10 @entity1 developed @entity951 in the subsequent three months. Poor left ventricular performance is common after anterior @entity583 , complicated in the acute phase by serious @entity943 or @entity1002 . @entity1 with persistently low @entity9568 had an increased risk of further episodes of @entity712 , whereas a fall in @entity9568 on exercise was associated with subsequent @entity951 .

title: Prognostic value of radionuclide ventriculography after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As supplement to @entity984 mutational analysis, @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations as well as expression of @entity983 may account for additional non-responders to anti- @entity470 -MoAbs treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility as biomarkers of these mutations in a uniform cohort of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated with third-line cetuximab/ @entity2600 . METHODS: One-hundred-and-seven @entity1 were prospectively included in the study. Mutational analyses of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were performed on DNA from confirmed malignant tissue using commercially available kits. Loss of @entity983 and @entity470 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DNA was available in 94 @entity1 . The frequency of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations were 44%, 3% and 14%, respectively. All were non-responders. EGF receptor status by IHC and loss of @entity983 failed to show any clinical importance. @entity984 and @entity817 were mutually exclusive. Supplementing @entity984 analysis with @entity817 and @entity10160 identified additional 11% of non-responders. @entity1 with any mutation had a high risk of early progression, whereas triple-negative status implied a response rate (RR) of 41% (p<0.001), a disease control (DC) rate of 73% (p<001), and a significantly higher PFS of 7.7(5.1-8.6 95%CI) versus 2.3 months (2.1-3.695%CI) (p<0.000). CONCLUSION: Triple-negative status implied a clear benefit from treatment, and we suggest that @entity1 selection for third-line combination therapy with cetuximab/ @entity2600 could be based on triple mutational testing.

title: XXXX related mutational status and association to clinical outcome of third-line cetuximab- @entity2600 in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As supplement to @entity984 mutational analysis, @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations as well as expression of @entity983 may account for additional non-responders to anti- @entity470 -MoAbs treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility as biomarkers of these mutations in a uniform cohort of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated with third-line cetuximab/ @entity2600 . METHODS: One-hundred-and-seven @entity1 were prospectively included in the study. Mutational analyses of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were performed on DNA from confirmed malignant tissue using commercially available kits. Loss of @entity983 and @entity470 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DNA was available in 94 @entity1 . The frequency of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations were 44%, 3% and 14%, respectively. All were non-responders. EGF receptor status by IHC and loss of @entity983 failed to show any clinical importance. @entity984 and @entity817 were mutually exclusive. Supplementing @entity984 analysis with @entity817 and @entity10160 identified additional 11% of non-responders. @entity1 with any mutation had a high risk of early progression, whereas triple-negative status implied a response rate (RR) of 41% (p<0.001), a disease control (DC) rate of 73% (p<001), and a significantly higher PFS of 7.7(5.1-8.6 95%CI) versus 2.3 months (2.1-3.695%CI) (p<0.000). CONCLUSION: Triple-negative status implied a clear benefit from treatment, and we suggest that @entity1 selection for third-line combination therapy with cetuximab/ @entity2600 could be based on triple mutational testing.

title: @entity470 related mutational status and association to clinical outcome of third-line cetuximab- @entity2600 in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As supplement to @entity984 mutational analysis, @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations as well as expression of @entity983 may account for additional non-responders to anti- @entity470 -MoAbs treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility as biomarkers of these mutations in a uniform cohort of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated with third-line cetuximab/ @entity2600 . METHODS: One-hundred-and-seven @entity1 were prospectively included in the study. Mutational analyses of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were performed on DNA from confirmed malignant tissue using commercially available kits. Loss of @entity983 and @entity470 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DNA was available in 94 @entity1 . The frequency of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations were 44%, 3% and 14%, respectively. All were non-responders. EGF receptor status by IHC and loss of @entity983 failed to show any clinical importance. @entity984 and @entity817 were mutually exclusive. Supplementing @entity984 analysis with @entity817 and @entity10160 identified additional 11% of non-responders. @entity1 with any mutation had a high risk of early progression, whereas triple-negative status implied a response rate (RR) of 41% (p<0.001), a disease control (DC) rate of 73% (p<001), and a significantly higher PFS of 7.7(5.1-8.6 95%CI) versus 2.3 months (2.1-3.695%CI) (p<0.000). CONCLUSION: Triple-negative status implied a clear benefit from treatment, and we suggest that @entity1 selection for third-line combination therapy with cetuximab/ @entity2600 could be based on triple mutational testing.

title: @entity470 related mutational status and association to clinical outcome of third-line cetuximab- XXXX in metastatic @entity14 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: 18 @entity1 suffering from @entity2403 were treated with @entity5805 . In addition 6 @entity1 who were threatened by acute and permanent @entity1939 received antilymphocyte globulines. The follow-up varies from 1 to 12 years with an average of 4,5 years. Recovery from ocular inflammation was total in 14 @entity1 , and partial in 4 @entity1 . 6 eyes underwent an uneventful @entity231 extraction. None of the 8 one-eyed @entity1 became blind. The mean improvement of visual acuity at the end of the follow-up period was 0,4. However recurrences occurred in 3 @entity1 when the treatment was stopped. In this series blood cell tolerance was the major problems encountered. The results achieved in this series lead to confirm that @entity5805 and A.L.G. have dramatically improved the ocular prognosis of @entity2403 . However @entity5805 must not be considered to be the ultimate answer to the treatment of @entity2403 since recurrences occur when the treatment has been stopped. In addition to this, long term treatments with @entity5805 involve a high risk of severe @entity1503 .

title: [Immunosuppressive therapy of XXXX . Long term follow-up evaluation (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood complications']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's syndrome']


abstract: High-grade @entity1313 are heterogeneous with respect to the composition of bona fide @entity5 cells and with respect to a range of intermingling parenchymal cells. @entity463 harbor multiple cell types, some with increased tumorigenicity and stem cell-like capacity. The stem-like cells may be the cells of origin for @entity5 relapse. However, the @entity5 -associated parenchymal cells-such as vascular cells, microglia, peripheral immune cells, and neural precursor cells-also play a vital role in controlling the course of pathology. In this review, we describe the multiple interactions of bulk @entity11 cells and @entity11 stem cells with parenchymal cell populations and highlight the pathological impact and signaling pathways known for these types of cell-cell communication. The @entity5 not only nourishes @entity463 , but also provides a specialized niche for these stem-like cells. In addition, microglial cells, which can contribute up to 30% of a @entity1313 mass, play a role in @entity463 cell invasion. Moreover, non-neoplastic astrocytes can be converted into a reactive phenotype by the @entity11 microenvironment and can then secrete a number of factors which influences @entity5 biology. The young brain may have the capacity to inhibit gliomagenesis by the endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells, which secrete @entity5 suppressive factors. The factors, pathways, and interactions described in this review provide a new prospective on the cell biology of primary @entity1313 , which may ultimately generate new treatment modalities. However, our picture of the multiple interactions between parenchymal and @entity5 cells is still incomplete.    2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: The XXXX microenvironment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-vasculature', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastomas', 'glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: There is a need for a simple technique to collect breath samples of @entity1 suspected of driving under the influence of @entity167 . Solutions containing @entity1068 were analyzed using dichromatic oxidation procedures. The standard solutions were placed in a breath @entity167 simulator at 34 degrees C and the vapors analyzed with a CMI Intoxilyzer, Model 4011AS, with one-way valves placed at either end to prevent air entering the outlet or leaving through the inlet. The analyzed 715-mL vapor sample was then pumped through an activated @entity3440 gel column. The trapped @entity167 was removed from the column with water, and the resulting solution was analyzed by @entity31752 oxidation, liquid injection, and headspace gas chromatographic procedures. A very good linear relationship between concentration and peak height ratio was obtained by gas chromatography. The slope of the graph was used to calculate the percentage of blood @entity167 for breath samples previously analyzed by the Intoxilyzer. The average deviation from the correct @entity167 value was +/- 5%. Samples were collected, stored, and analyzed after 15, 90, and 120 days with no apparent loss of @entity167 . The three methods of analyzing the trapped @entity167 were compared. Over 100 trapped samples were collected in the field and analyzed, and the laboratory analyses were compared with the breath analyzer printouts.

title: The trapping, storing, and subsequent analysis of XXXX in in-vitro samples previously analyzed by a nondestructive technique.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity31752 :: ('CHEBI:33141', 'Chemical') :: ['dichromate']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: This Phase II trial investigated the combination @entity1311 (P) and @entity5537 -tegafur (UFT) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Main eligibility criteria included @entity1722 negative @entity0 , ECOG performance status of 0-2, exposure to 1-2 prior chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting, previous exposure to an @entity4349 containing regimen either at metastatic or adjuvant setting. Each 35-day cycle consisted of P at 80  mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 and oral UFT at 300  mg/m(2) TID (three time a day) from days 1-28 and oral @entity4181 at 90  mg QD (one a day). RESULTS: Between March 2003 and December 2007, 31 @entity1 were enrolled. Median age was 66  years (range 44-78). All @entity5 were @entity1722 negative and 7% were triple negative (ER, @entity7273 , @entity1722 ). The majority of @entity1 had @entity66 (81%). All @entity1 had received an @entity4349 containing regimen and 74% had a previous docetaxel containing treatment. Median of 4 and 3 cycles of P and UFT were administered with a relative dose intensity of 85.3% and 94.3%, respectively. Twelve (40%)(95% CI:  22.5-57.5) confirmed ORR were observed. Stable and progression disease were reported in 43% and 17% of cases. Median Response duration was 8.4 month (95% CI: 4.9-11.7), median Time to progression was 9.5 months (95% CI: 6.6-13.8) and median Overall Survival was 23.5 months (95% CI: 16.8-37.2). Thirteen pts (43%) experienced a grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs): One @entity204 occurred related to the study drugs ( @entity1398 ). Chemotherapy was discontinued due to @entity137 in 30% of pts CONCLUSIONS: Accrual was closed in January 2008 due to concerns regarding the degree and accumulative nature of AEs. Nonetheless, the ORR is encouraging and warranted further studies with adapted doses and schedules.

title: Phase II trial of @entity1311 and XXXX --tegafur in @entity0 . TEGATAX trial.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity5537 :: (MESH:D014498,Chemical) :: ['uracil']


abstract: This Phase II trial investigated the combination @entity1311 (P) and @entity5537 -tegafur (UFT) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Main eligibility criteria included @entity1722 negative @entity0 , ECOG performance status of 0-2, exposure to 1-2 prior chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting, previous exposure to an @entity4349 containing regimen either at metastatic or adjuvant setting. Each 35-day cycle consisted of P at 80  mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 and oral UFT at 300  mg/m(2) TID (three time a day) from days 1-28 and oral @entity4181 at 90  mg QD (one a day). RESULTS: Between March 2003 and December 2007, 31 @entity1 were enrolled. Median age was 66  years (range 44-78). All @entity5 were @entity1722 negative and 7% were triple negative (ER, @entity7273 , @entity1722 ). The majority of @entity1 had @entity66 (81%). All @entity1 had received an @entity4349 containing regimen and 74% had a previous docetaxel containing treatment. Median of 4 and 3 cycles of P and UFT were administered with a relative dose intensity of 85.3% and 94.3%, respectively. Twelve (40%)(95% CI:  22.5-57.5) confirmed ORR were observed. Stable and progression disease were reported in 43% and 17% of cases. Median Response duration was 8.4 month (95% CI: 4.9-11.7), median Time to progression was 9.5 months (95% CI: 6.6-13.8) and median Overall Survival was 23.5 months (95% CI: 16.8-37.2). Thirteen pts (43%) experienced a grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs): One @entity204 occurred related to the study drugs ( @entity1398 ). Chemotherapy was discontinued due to @entity137 in 30% of pts CONCLUSIONS: Accrual was closed in January 2008 due to concerns regarding the degree and accumulative nature of AEs. Nonetheless, the ORR is encouraging and warranted further studies with adapted doses and schedules.

title: Phase II trial of @entity1311 and @entity5537 --tegafur in XXXX . TEGATAX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: This Phase II trial investigated the combination @entity1311 (P) and @entity5537 -tegafur (UFT) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: Main eligibility criteria included @entity1722 negative @entity0 , ECOG performance status of 0-2, exposure to 1-2 prior chemotherapy regimen in the metastatic setting, previous exposure to an @entity4349 containing regimen either at metastatic or adjuvant setting. Each 35-day cycle consisted of P at 80  mg/m(2) by intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29 and oral UFT at 300  mg/m(2) TID (three time a day) from days 1-28 and oral @entity4181 at 90  mg QD (one a day). RESULTS: Between March 2003 and December 2007, 31 @entity1 were enrolled. Median age was 66  years (range 44-78). All @entity5 were @entity1722 negative and 7% were triple negative (ER, @entity7273 , @entity1722 ). The majority of @entity1 had @entity66 (81%). All @entity1 had received an @entity4349 containing regimen and 74% had a previous docetaxel containing treatment. Median of 4 and 3 cycles of P and UFT were administered with a relative dose intensity of 85.3% and 94.3%, respectively. Twelve (40%)(95% CI:  22.5-57.5) confirmed ORR were observed. Stable and progression disease were reported in 43% and 17% of cases. Median Response duration was 8.4 month (95% CI: 4.9-11.7), median Time to progression was 9.5 months (95% CI: 6.6-13.8) and median Overall Survival was 23.5 months (95% CI: 16.8-37.2). Thirteen pts (43%) experienced a grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs): One @entity204 occurred related to the study drugs ( @entity1398 ). Chemotherapy was discontinued due to @entity137 in 30% of pts CONCLUSIONS: Accrual was closed in January 2008 due to concerns regarding the degree and accumulative nature of AEs. Nonetheless, the ORR is encouraging and warranted further studies with adapted doses and schedules.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX and @entity5537 --tegafur in @entity0 . TEGATAX trial.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum and characteristic of @entity3 in selected haematological departments in the Czech and Slovak Republics, and to compare @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) of some antifungal agents for isolates obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1 March 2009 and 31 October 2010, Candida strains from clinically important material obtained from @entity1 with haematological @entity5 were collected. Each isolate was biochemically identified and tested for in vitro susceptibility to three known @entity5626 and @entity2379 and selected azoles using the E-test. Relevant clinical data were collected. RESULTS: The study included 63 isolates from 61 @entity1 . The most frequently isolated species were @entity5132 and @entity7408 (28 % and 19 %, respectively). However, after exclusion of isolates from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the percentage changed in favour of @entity5132 and @entity7409 (25 % and 17 respectively). The @entity6251 data showed a high susceptibility of @entity375 to @entity5626 and @entity2379 . Ten (16 %) strains were cross-resistant to @entity8201 (mostly @entity7408 ). CONCLUSION: @entity3 is not frequent @entity281 in @entity1 with haematological @entity5 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Moreover, the spectrum of pathogens was similar to that described in recent international studies. However, identification of susceptible and resistant strains according to @entity6251 could be beneficial for choice of antifungal treatment.

title: [ XXXX in selected heamatology departments in the Czech Republic and Slovakia - microbiological results of the CAN CELL project].

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection complication']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis', 'Invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentrations']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive candidiasis']


abstract: @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ) has been associated with a number of complex brain functions, including @entity148 -like behaviors, arousal, sleep-wakefulness regulation, drug-seeking behaviors, and learning and memory. In order to better understand how @entity4889 influences these functions in a neuronal network context, it is critical to identify transmitter systems that control @entity4889 release and transmitters that are co-released with @entity4889 . For this purpose, we generated several lines of @entity19 that express enhanced green-fluorescent protein (EGFP) under control of the endogenous @entity4889 precursor promoter. @entity4889 /EGFP- @entity19 show anatomically correct and overlapping expression of both @entity4889 and EGFP. A total number of    500 @entity4889 /EGFP-positive neurons are present in the @entity19 brain, located in the pericoerulear region and the K  lliker-Fuse nucleus. @entity4889 and transgene expression is first detectable around E14, indicating a potential role for @entity4889 in brain development. EGFP-positive cells were harvested by laser-capture microdissection, and mRNA was extracted for expression profiling by using microarray analysis. @entity4889 was found co-localized with galanin in the K  lliker-Fuse nucleus of the lateral parabrachial area. A dense network of orexin/ @entity24068 neuronal projections contacting pericoerulear @entity4889 -producing neurons was observed by immunostaining. Expression of a distinct repertoire of metabotropic and ionotropic receptor genes was identified in both @entity4889 neuronal clusters that will allow for detailed investigations of incoming neurotransmission, controlling neuronal activity of @entity4889 -producing neurons. Stress-induced functional activation of @entity4889 -producing neurons was detected by staining for the @entity9829 gene @entity9830 , thus supporting earlier findings that @entity4889 might be part of the brain stress response network.

title: Molecular fingerprint of neuropeptide S-producing neurons in the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'Neuropeptide S']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The overall @entity1031 risk results from @entity1 -related risk and surgical risk. The latter has been decreasing regularly over the last decades due to the advances in perioperative management. The benefits of perioperative @entity1211 prophylaxis have been firmly established. Mechanical prophylaxis should be considered as first-line therapy in @entity1 with @entity548 risk. The association with a drug therapy increases the antithrombotic efficiency. However, the effect of mechanical prophylaxis on @entity1151 and mortality has not been demonstrated. Assessing renal function is a prerequisite before prescribing low-molecular-weight heparin, fondaparinux, @entity3926 or @entity3925 . Age over 75 years and low weight (less than 50 kg) should also be taken into account. @entity1 undergoing surgery associated with a moderate or high overall risk should receive prophylaxis until full mobilization. In case of total hip replacement, surgery for @entity2249 or major abdominal surgery, the prophylaxis should be extended by approximately 5 weeks. The clinical significance of distal deep vein @entity715 is greatly debated. Surrogate venographic endpoints should be gradually replaced by clinical criteria. The latest oral antithrombotic agents may modify prevention strategies in the next few years. So far, no antagonists or biological monitoring are available for these products.

title: [Perioperative XXXX prophylaxis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: This study was designed to examine the @entity1372 , @entity972 , and @entity2865 transport rates across the cortical and outer medullary collecting tubule and to localize the action of mineralocorticoid hormone. @entity95 collecting tubules were dissected from the cortex (CCT), the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OMCT0), or the inner stripe of the outer medulla (OMCTi). From normal @entity95 , the transepithelial voltage was -20.8 +/- 2.7 mV in CCT, -4.2 +/- 1.4 mV in OMCT0, and +10.6 +/- 2.3 mV in OMCTi. From @entity8147 -treated @entity95 , only the CCT voltage was different (-42.9 mV). Net @entity1372 absorption across the CCT increased ith @entity8147 -treatment from 23 +/- 5 to 54 +/- 8 pEq . mm-1 . min-1, whereas net @entity972 secretion increased from 15 +/- 2 to 43 +/- 5 pEq . min-1 . min-1. Net @entity2865 absorption was significant only in @entity8147 -treated @entity95 . The OMCTi, in contrast, displayed no net transport of @entity1372 , @entity972 , or @entity2865 and had a lower rate coefficient for @entity1372 efflux than did the CCT. @entity8147 treatment had no effect on any transport rate measured in this segment. The OMCT0 has small @entity972 secretion, which did not increase with @entity8147 treatment. The collecting tubule is heterogeneous along its length with respect to ion transport. Mineralocorticoid-hormone-sensitive @entity1372 absorption is present predominantly, if not exclusively, in the cortical collecting tubule.

title: Heterogeneity of the XXXX collecting tubule: localization of mineralocorticoid hormone action to the cortical portion.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: We evaluated the late results following repair of otherwise anatomically uncomplicated incomplete persistent @entity473 in 39 consecutive operative survivors who underwent operation at our institution prior to 1976. Average follow-up was 12 years. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 35 @entity1 (90%) at an average of 11 months after operation. Seven (20%) had residual @entity339 with elevated mean pulmonary arterial wedge of left atrial pressures with abnormal v waves. Regurgitation was mild to moderate (pulmonary artery wedge or left atrial pressure 12 to 15 mm Hg) in five and severe (pulmonary artery wedge pressure over 20 mm Hg) in two @entity1 . Clinically significant @entity943 including complete @entity616 , @entity944 , @entity1442 , and chronic @entity955 occurred in seven @entity1 (18%). Two @entity1 have required reoperation for @entity339 . Five have clinically recognizable mild-to-moderate @entity339 controlled with medical management; 25 @entity1 are asymptomatic at current evaluation. Estimated actuarial survival rate at 13 years is 88% +/- 6%, with an actuarial survival free of reoperation of 82% +/- 6%. However, actuarial survival free of any late complication including late @entity204 , reoperation, serious @entity943 , or @entity339 is only 52% +/- 10% at 13 years.

title: Long-term results of repair of incomplete persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['nodal rhythm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity473 :: (MESH:C563240,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular canal']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the long-term anatomical and visual outcomes of @entity1 with @entity6654 (ERM) removed by vitrectomy and membrane peeling with or without the use of intravitreal injection of @entity2995 (IVTA). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed. Subjects who underwent vitrectomy and who were followed over 12 months were included. The study included two groups of @entity1 . In group 1 (71 eyes), the @entity1 underwent vitrectomy and membrane peeling without the use of IVTA. In group 2 (27 eyes), 2 mg of IVTA was given at the end of the surgery. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), the number of @entity231 surgeries, and the use of anti-glaucomatous drugs during the follow-up period. RESULTS: This study included 98 eyes with ERM from 98 @entity1 . There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, gender, pre- and postoperative lens status, BCVA, CFT, or length of the follow-up period. The mean age for all of the @entity1 was 62.45    10.01 (mean    SD) years, and the mean follow-up length was 20.58    9.64 (mean    SD) months. In all cases, the mean best-corrected logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) acuity improved from a preoperative value of 0.91    0.32 [Snellen equivalent (SE), 0.16    0.14] to a postoperative value of 0.46    0.36 (SE, 0.46    0.29) (P < 0.0001). The CFT was reduced from a preoperative value of 473.46    96.91  m to a postoperative value of 302.44    69.80  m (P < 0.0001). Six @entity1 (22.2%) in group 2 required anti-glaucomatous drugs to control intraocular pressure (IOP) during the follow-up period, and three @entity1 (4.2%) in group 1 required drugs to control IOP (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative visual outcomes for @entity1 with idiopathic ERM were favorable, but CFT did not return to a normal level, even in eyes in which 2 mg IVTA was used. The IVTA use after ERM removal produced no significant benefits during long-term follow-up, but IVTA did increase the risk of increased IOP.

title: The long-term anatomical and visual effect of intravitreal triamcinolone injection during vitrectomy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membrane']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of oral extended-release @entity11440 for urge @entity322 in older female nursing home residents with mild to severe @entity73 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Twelve skilled nursing homes. @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 aged 65 and older with urge @entity322 and @entity73 . INTERVENTION: Four-week treatment with daily oral extended-release @entity11440 5 mg or placebo. MEASUREMENTS: @entity322 , urinary frequency, and total dryness assessed hourly over two 8-hour days (8 AM TO 4 PM), and evening and night nursing staff ratings of urinary symptoms. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 96% (n = 25) on @entity11440 and 92% (n = 22) on placebo completed the trial. Compared with baseline, both groups achieved a  significant median decrease in mean @entity322 and urinary frequency at 4 weeks (P  = .01-.05). There were no significant between-group differences in any urological outcome. In the exploratory analysis, there were no significant differences from baseline or placebo in any urological outcome with @entity11440 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 and/or adequate mobility compared with @entity1 with more severe @entity73 . Staff ratings found that more @entity1 had improvement in urinary symptoms from baseline with @entity11440 than placebo but significant only for delaying evening voiding (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Extended-release @entity11440 5 mg per day for 4 weeks in older cognitively impaired female nursing home residents did not significantly reduce @entity322 and urinary frequency or achieve dryness. @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 were no more likely to benefit from @entity11440 than more severely impaired individuals in an exploratory analysis but further research in a larger population and perhaps using a larger dose is needed.

title: Efficacy of oral extended-release @entity11440 in cognitively impaired older nursing home residents with urge XXXX : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive and physical impairment', 'cognitive and/or physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence episodes', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'urinary incontinence episodes']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of oral extended-release @entity11440 for urge @entity322 in older female nursing home residents with mild to severe @entity73 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Twelve skilled nursing homes. @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 aged 65 and older with urge @entity322 and @entity73 . INTERVENTION: Four-week treatment with daily oral extended-release @entity11440 5 mg or placebo. MEASUREMENTS: @entity322 , urinary frequency, and total dryness assessed hourly over two 8-hour days (8 AM TO 4 PM), and evening and night nursing staff ratings of urinary symptoms. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 96% (n = 25) on @entity11440 and 92% (n = 22) on placebo completed the trial. Compared with baseline, both groups achieved a  significant median decrease in mean @entity322 and urinary frequency at 4 weeks (P  = .01-.05). There were no significant between-group differences in any urological outcome. In the exploratory analysis, there were no significant differences from baseline or placebo in any urological outcome with @entity11440 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 and/or adequate mobility compared with @entity1 with more severe @entity73 . Staff ratings found that more @entity1 had improvement in urinary symptoms from baseline with @entity11440 than placebo but significant only for delaying evening voiding (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Extended-release @entity11440 5 mg per day for 4 weeks in older cognitively impaired female nursing home residents did not significantly reduce @entity322 and urinary frequency or achieve dryness. @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 were no more likely to benefit from @entity11440 than more severely impaired individuals in an exploratory analysis but further research in a larger population and perhaps using a larger dose is needed.

title: Efficacy of oral extended-release XXXX in cognitively impaired older nursing home residents with urge @entity322 : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The large randomized controlled multicentre clinical trial, HF-ACTION, recently demonstrated that a programme of recommendation of regular exercise training at moderate intensity is safe, improves quality of life, and reduces the combined endpoint of all-cause @entity204 and hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity712 . However, the size of beneficial effects was modest compared to results published in smaller single studies and meta-analyses. OBJECTIVE: Based on results of a pilot study, the objective of the present investigation is to test the hypothesis that a programme comprising interval training at high relative intensity would yield significantly larger effects in terms of left ventricular remodelling compared to moderate continuous exercise training. STUDY DESIGN: In a three-armed randomized multicentre study of stable @entity712 @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%, the effects of a 12-week programme of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ; 85-90% of peak @entity26 uptake, VO(2peak)) will be compared to actual practice in Europe, represented by either an isocaloric programme of moderate continuous training (MCT; 50-60% of VO(2peak)) and a recommendation of regular exercise (RE) of the individual @entity1 ' own preference based on clinical practice at the local centre. The primary endpoint is reverse remodelling, defined as change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints include peak @entity26 uptake (VO(2peak)), biomarkers, quality of life, and level of physical activity assessed by questionnaires. In addition, long-term maintenance of effects after the supervised training period will be determined. Assessments will be made at baseline, after the 12-week intervention programme, and at 1-year follow up. A total number of 200 @entity1 on treatment per protocol, randomized to the three groups in a 1   :   1   :   1 manner, is estimated to detect clinically relevant differences in effect with @entity2101 vs. MCT and RE (p   <   0.05; statistical power 0.90) for the primary endpoint. Inclusion of @entity1 started May 2009 and will run until total number has been reached.

title: Controlled study of myocardial recovery after interval training in XXXX : SMARTEX-HF--rationale and design.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-intensity interval training', 'HIT']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Two personal cases of @entity8579 ( @entity8579 ) are described. @entity348 ( @entity348 ) was performed in the first case as an emergency measure, following acute @entity298 caused by a recurrence of @entity1066 , with perforation 27 days after the first gastric resection. The @entity1 is in good health, though with persistently high blood @entity8243 levels. The second case was marked by a long history of recurrent @entity1066 , with two earlier gastric resections. Here, success was obtained by simply enucleating a small @entity7581 from the head of the pancreas in view of the arteriographic evidence. The @entity1 is in excellent health 2 1/2 yr after surgery with stable, normal blood @entity8243 . The recent literature and these cases suggest that surgery is the method of choice for @entity8579 , its primary aim being the @entity7581 , since these prove malignant in 60-100% of cases, and @entity348 does not in any way inhibit their growth, as was once supposed. Blood @entity8243 values permit early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring, while arteriography and transhepatic portal catheterisation constitute a useful guide to the location of the @entity5 . Hyperchlorhydria can be effectively controlled with H2 receptor inhibitors, both in the preoperative diagnostic stage, and after surgery in the event of failure. @entity348 offers the best results in over 60% of cases, when the @entity5 is multifocal, widely metastasised, or undiscoverable.

title: [Surgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma', 'removal of gastrinomas']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome', 'ZES']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) is associated with an increased risk of early @entity65 . The majority of @entity3657 subjects are asymptomatic with a prevalence of 11 per cent among the elderly. Long-term drug prevention aiming to minimize disease progression and CV events in these subjects is probably beneficial, but expensive. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological risk reduction in subclinical @entity3657 . Long-term costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated by employing a decision-analytic model for @entity1289 -inhibitor, @entity1780 , @entity117 and non- @entity117 anti-platelet therapy. Rates of CV events without treatment were derived from epidemiological studies and event rate reduction were retrieved from clinical trials. Costs and health-related quality of life estimates were obtained from published sources. All four drugs reduced CV events. Using @entity1289 -inhibition resulted in a heart rate (HR) of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.55-0.79), statins 0.74 (0.70-0.79), and @entity1397 0.72 (0.43-1.00). @entity117 had a HR of 0.87 and the 95% CI passed included one (0.72-1.03). @entity1289 -inhibition was associated with the largest reduction in events leading to the highest gain in QALYs (7.95). Furthermore, @entity1289 -inhibitors were associated with the lowest mean cost    40.556. In conclusion, while all drugs reduced CV events, @entity1289 -inhibition was the most cost-effective. These results suggest that we should consider efforts to identify @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity3657 and, when identified, offer @entity1289 -inhibition.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX : is pharmacological prevention of cardiovascular risk cost-effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['death in cardiovascular (CV) disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: @entity302 may be the earliest and the sole clinical manifestation of @entity1313 . Different studies present @entity302 as the first symptom of a @entity1313 in adults in approximately 30-40% of cases and in @entity1 from 1-10%. In order to evaluate the incidence of @entity302 in @entity1 versus adults with @entity1313 , we investigated the group of 113 @entity1 and 578 adults who were hospitalized at the Departments of Neurology and Developmental Neurology between 1990-1999. Clinical presentation, imaging findings, EEG and pathology reports were collected by chart review and entered into computerized database. Of 113 @entity1 , @entity302 as a first symptom occurred in 14 @entity1 and in 211 adults. Histopathological origin and localization of @entity5 changed according to the age of @entity1 . In all @entity1 's @entity410 were caused by @entity5 originated from neuroepithelial tissue and mainly @entity816 . In adult @entity1 @entity410 were observed also mainly in @entity5 (5 cases infratentorial) which were of metasthatic origin (60%) others were @entity463 multiforme and @entity1653 . The types of @entity410 in both groups differ significantly. @entity1 had mainly secondary generalized @entity410 , while adults simple and complex partial @entity410 . Electroencephalographical findings showed paroxysmal activity always associated with @entity1313 with @entity410 ; however, we found also abnormal EEG patterns in @entity1 with @entity5 without @entity410 . Partial and secondary generalized @entity410 , especially when they are intractable, should be subjected to further investigation for exclusion of @entity1313 not only in adults but also in @entity1 . Normal EEG argues against the likehood of supratentorial lesions.

title: [ XXXX as a manifestation of @entity1313 : clinical and electroencephalographic correlations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial brain tumours', 'brain tumours', 'brain tumour', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'infratentorial tumours', 'supratentorial tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['sporadically meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptic seizures']


abstract: @entity302 may be the earliest and the sole clinical manifestation of @entity1313 . Different studies present @entity302 as the first symptom of a @entity1313 in adults in approximately 30-40% of cases and in @entity1 from 1-10%. In order to evaluate the incidence of @entity302 in @entity1 versus adults with @entity1313 , we investigated the group of 113 @entity1 and 578 adults who were hospitalized at the Departments of Neurology and Developmental Neurology between 1990-1999. Clinical presentation, imaging findings, EEG and pathology reports were collected by chart review and entered into computerized database. Of 113 @entity1 , @entity302 as a first symptom occurred in 14 @entity1 and in 211 adults. Histopathological origin and localization of @entity5 changed according to the age of @entity1 . In all @entity1 's @entity410 were caused by @entity5 originated from neuroepithelial tissue and mainly @entity816 . In adult @entity1 @entity410 were observed also mainly in @entity5 (5 cases infratentorial) which were of metasthatic origin (60%) others were @entity463 multiforme and @entity1653 . The types of @entity410 in both groups differ significantly. @entity1 had mainly secondary generalized @entity410 , while adults simple and complex partial @entity410 . Electroencephalographical findings showed paroxysmal activity always associated with @entity1313 with @entity410 ; however, we found also abnormal EEG patterns in @entity1 with @entity5 without @entity410 . Partial and secondary generalized @entity410 , especially when they are intractable, should be subjected to further investigation for exclusion of @entity1313 not only in adults but also in @entity1 . Normal EEG argues against the likehood of supratentorial lesions.

title: [ @entity302 as a manifestation of XXXX : clinical and electroencephalographic correlations].

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Evaluation of: Aguilar D, Chan W, Bozkurt B, Ramasubbu K, Deswal A. @entity2449 use and mortality in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 . Circ. Heart Fail. 4(1), 53-58 (2010). @entity2449 has long been the cornerstone of therapy for glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 worldwide. It is recommended as first-line therapy by all major @entity6 clinical practice guidelines owing to its efficacy, favorable tolerability profile and beneficial effects in limiting @entity1017 . Moreover, @entity2449 is the only oral anthyperglycemic agent shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce mortality in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, the use of @entity2449 has not been without controversy, in particular in @entity1 with @entity712 . This article will review a recent observational study by Aguilar et al. published in Circulation - Heart Failure that reported improved outcomes associated with @entity2449 therapy in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 .

title: Wrongfully accused: @entity2449 use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Evaluation of: Aguilar D, Chan W, Bozkurt B, Ramasubbu K, Deswal A. @entity2449 use and mortality in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 . Circ. Heart Fail. 4(1), 53-58 (2010). @entity2449 has long been the cornerstone of therapy for glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 worldwide. It is recommended as first-line therapy by all major @entity6 clinical practice guidelines owing to its efficacy, favorable tolerability profile and beneficial effects in limiting @entity1017 . Moreover, @entity2449 is the only oral anthyperglycemic agent shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce mortality in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, the use of @entity2449 has not been without controversy, in particular in @entity1 with @entity712 . This article will review a recent observational study by Aguilar et al. published in Circulation - Heart Failure that reported improved outcomes associated with @entity2449 therapy in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 .

title: Wrongfully accused: XXXX use in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: @entity455 is a major contributory factor of @entity65 and mortality. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could make it possible to evaluate @entity2003 in a site by the measurement of the arterial wall velocity. The objective of this work is to validate the use of tissue Doppler imaging in the assessment of @entity2003 . The following parameters were measured with @entity10345 (ATL HDI 5000 and software HDI Lab): maximum velocity and mean acceleration of parietal motion (VMax and AccMax). These measurements were corrected for the arterial diameter and pulse pressure (VMax cor and AccMax cor). These data have been compared to the calculated parameters of elasticity from a mode M echography. Thirty-one subjects aged of 26 to 77 years (41.6 +/- 10.6 years, m +/- ESM), without @entity101 , have been included. The VMax is correlated very significantly at the parietal velocity calculated with mode M echography (r = 0.77; p = 0.00002). The VMax cor is correlated significantly with the parameters of @entity2693 following: distensibility coefficient, compliance coefficient, pulse wave velocity, elasticity modulus of Young, coefficient beta. [table: see text] Tissue Doppler imaging allows an easy evaluation of the carotid @entity2693 correlated with the parameters of elasticity. Therefore it constitutes a method of evaluation of the cardiovascular risk. Further longitudinal studies will be able to assess the involvement of the carotid @entity2693 as causal agent of the cardiovascular risk.

title: [A new approach to XXXX : ultrasonic tissue mode imaging].

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['vascular rigidity', 'carotid rigidity']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque or high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['arterial rigidity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and awareness of @entity27634 in Guinean rural populations with respect to age and gender. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey in rural Guinea: K  p  r  -D  fili (400 inhabitants) and T  b  l  n (900 inhabitants). @entity1 : 188 subjects (81 in K  p  r  -D  fili and 107 in T  b  l  n), 15 years and older were visited in their homes between November 2000 and April 2001. METHODS: The blood pressures were measured with an electronic tensiometer "Philips HF305". Awareness of @entity27634 and risk factors were determined by interviews. @entity27634 was defined as mean @entity13519 / @entity13520 = 140/90 mmHg. RESULTS: Overall, 69% (56/81) in K  p  r  -D  fili and 27% (29/107) in T  b  l  n were @entity101 . Among these, only 2 (K  p  r  ) and 6 @entity1 (T  b  l  n) were aware of their condition. @entity27634 was strongly gender dependent in K  p  r   where 98% (44/45) of the males were concerned. In K  p  r  -D  fili, the combined systolo-diastolic @entity101 (SDH) was predominant (80%; 45/56) and was associated to the male gender (80%; 36/45). In the @entity101 population of T  b  l  n, the isolated PAD (DH) was mainly associated with the female group (47%, 8/17). The grade III @entity27634 (PAS/PAD > or = 180/110 mmHg) concerned both gender (41%, 18/44 for males; 42%, 5/12 for females) in K  p  r  -D  fili and mainly the female group in T  b  l  n (29%, 5/17). Smoking was the most frequently associated risk factor in the studied population of K  p  r  -D  fili (70%) and T  b  l  n (45%). The smokers were predominantly female in K  p  r  -D  fili (89%, 32/36) or male in T  b  l  n (51%, 24/47). Among the smokers, the @entity101 individuals were 96% (24/25) of the males and 38% (12/32) of the females in K  p  r  , 29% (7/24) of the males and 38% (9/24) of the females in T  b  l  n. CONCLUSION: @entity101 is highly prevalent in two Guinean rural localities where less than 5% of the studied population were aware of their conditions, suggesting the nationwide demand for preventing and controlling @entity27634 in Guinea.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in Guinean rural areas].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated pre-hospital documentation quality. We retrospectively assessed emergency medical service (EMS) documentation of key logistic, physiologic, and mechanistic variables in @entity64 ( @entity64 ). METHODS: Records from police, Emergency Medical Communication Centers (EMCC), ground and air ambulances were retrospectively collected for 189 @entity64 involving 392 @entity1 . Documentation of Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), respiratory rate (RR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was classified as exact values, @entity2641 categories, clinical descriptions enabling post-hoc inference of @entity2641 categories, or missing. The distribution of values of exact versus inferred @entity2641 categories were compared (Chi-square test for trend). RESULTS: 25% of ground and 11% of air ambulance records were unretrieveable. @entity1 name, birth date, and transport destination was documented in >96% of ambulance records and 81% of EMCC reports. Only 54% of @entity1 encounter times were transmitted to the EMCC, but 77% were documented in ground and 96% in air ambulance records. Ground ambulance records documented exact values of GCS in 48% and SBP in 53% of cases, exact RR in 10%, and RR @entity2641 categories in 54%. Clinical descriptions made post-hoc inference of @entity2641 categories possible in another 49% of cases for GCS, 26% for RR, and 20% for SBP. Air ambulance records documented exact values of GCS in 89% and SBP in 84% of cases, exact RR in 7% and RR @entity2641 categories in 80%. Overall, for lower @entity2641 categories of GCS, RR and SBP the proportion of actual documented values to inferred values increased (All: p<0.001). Also, documentation of repeated assessment was more frequent for low @entity2641 categories of GCS, RR, and SBP (All: p<0.001). Mechanism of injury was documented in 80% of cases by ground and 92% of cases by air ambulance. CONCLUSION: EMS documentation of logistic and mechanistic variables was adequate. @entity1 physiology was frequently documented only as descriptive text. Our finding indicates a need for improved procedures, training, and tools for EMS documentation. Documentation is in itself a quality criterion for appropriate care and is crucial to @entity130 research.

title: A retrospective quality assessment of pre-hospital emergency medical documentation in XXXX in south-eastern Norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['MVAs', 'motor vehicle accidents']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['motor vehicle accidents']


abstract: As an extension of our studies on vascular responses to @entity5694 , we evaluated sequential ultrastructural lesions of splenic red pulp and correlated these lesions with coagulation changes observed in @entity2608 following infusion with endotoxin either as a single bolus (10 mg. per kg.) or at a continuous rate of 10 mg. per kg. per hour for periods up to 16 hours. Controls included monkeys infused with Ringer's @entity880 solution. Progressive reactions of the splenic cords included increased phagocytic activity of macrophages in association with aggregation and degranulation of platelets and prominent fibrinous deposits characteristically abutting basement membranes of endothelial and reticular cells. The sinuses demonstrated endothelial damage, platelet-fibrin microthrombi obstructing interendothelial slits, and severe engorgement with entrapment of erythrocytes by tactoids of fibrin. The @entity5892 of the red pulp developed earlier than similar lesions in hepatic sinusoids, and they were accompanied by progressive @entity882 and @entity5642 . The findings suggest that the unique microcirculation of the spleen is an early target and trigger of endotoxin-induced microthrombosis. It is proposed that phagocytosis of endotoxin by splenic phagocytic cells and associated inflammatory events result in disruption of reticular cells and endothelium leading to massive microthrombosis with breakdown of the splenic filter. In addition, rapid activation of coagulation mechanisms in the red pulp as well as liver sinusoids may promote the development of @entity882 and @entity5642 in @entity326 .

title: Role of splenic red pulp in endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['disseminated intravascular coagulation']


abstract: Consonant articulation patterns of 200 @entity304 @entity1 were defined by two expert listeners from high fidelity tape recordings of the sentence version of the Fisher-Logemann Test of Articulation Competence (1971). Phonetic transcription and phonetic feature analysis were the methodologies used. Of the 200 @entity1 , 90 (45%) exhibited some misarticulations. Phonetic data on these 90 dysarthric @entity304 @entity1 revealed @entity1742 highly consistent in detailed production characteristics. Manner changes predominated. Phoneme classes that were most affected were the stop-plosives, affricates, and fricatives. In terms of perception features (Chomsky _ Halle, 1968), the stop-plosives and affricates, which are normally [-continuant] were produced as [+continuant] fricatives; fricatives that are [+strident] were produced as [-strident]. There is no implication, however, that @entity304 involves a perception deficit. Analysis of the @entity51 reveals inadequate tongue elevation to achieve complete closure on stop-plosives and affricates, which can be expressed in production features as a change from [+stop] to [+fricative]. There was also inadequate close constriction of the airway in lingual fricatives, which in articulatory features can be expressed as a change from [+fricative] to [-fricative]. Both the incomplete contact for stops and the partial constriction for fricatives represent an inadequate narrowing of the vocal tract at the point of articulation. These results are discussed in relation to recent EMG studies and other physiologic examinations of @entity191 .

title: Vocal tract control in XXXX : phonetic feature analysis of misarticulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'Parkinson']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['articulatory deficit']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['articulatory errors']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Current pharmacological treatment of @entity22 involves the use of sedative-hypnotic @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 drugs. Although @entity1245 improve sleep, their multiple adverse effects hamper their application. Adverse effects include @entity2414 and cognitive functions, next-day hangover and @entity734 . Non- @entity1245 are effective for initiating sleep but are not as effective as @entity1245 for improving @entity25 or efficiency. Furthermore, their prolonged use produces adverse effects similar to those observed with @entity1245 . Inasmuch as @entity22 may be associated with decreased nocturnal @entity2493 , administration of @entity2493 is a strategy that has been increasingly used for treating @entity22 . @entity2493 can be effective for improving @entity25 without the adverse effects associated with hypnotic-sedatives. Ramelteon, a synthetic analog of @entity2493 which has a longer half life and a stronger affinity for @entity4911 , has been reportedly effective for initiating and improving sleep in both adult and elderly insomniacs without showing hangover, @entity734 , or @entity73 . @entity22 is also a major complaint among @entity1 suffering from @entity308 and is often aggravated by conventional antidepressants especially the specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. The novel antidepressant @entity29050 , a dual action agent with affinity for @entity2493 @entity4911 and @entity13498 receptors and 5-HT2c antagonistic properties, constitutes a new approach to the treatment of major @entity308 . @entity29050 ameliorates the symptoms of @entity308 and improves the quality and efficiency of sleep. Taken together, the evidence indicates that @entity4911 / @entity13498 receptor agonists like @entity12123 or @entity29050 may be valuable pharmacological tools for @entity22 and for @entity308 .

title: @entity2493 agonists in primary @entity22 and XXXX : are they superior to sedative-hypnotics?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression', 'depression-associated insomnia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity4911 :: ('644314', 'Gene') :: ['MT1', 'MT1 and MT2 melatonergic receptors']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity29050 :: ('MESH:C084711', 'Chemical') :: ['agomelatine', 'Agomelatine']

entities_list: @entity12123 :: ('MESH:C495910', 'Chemical') :: ['ramelteon']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of memory']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression-associated insomnia']


abstract: Current pharmacological treatment of @entity22 involves the use of sedative-hypnotic @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 drugs. Although @entity1245 improve sleep, their multiple adverse effects hamper their application. Adverse effects include @entity2414 and cognitive functions, next-day hangover and @entity734 . Non- @entity1245 are effective for initiating sleep but are not as effective as @entity1245 for improving @entity25 or efficiency. Furthermore, their prolonged use produces adverse effects similar to those observed with @entity1245 . Inasmuch as @entity22 may be associated with decreased nocturnal @entity2493 , administration of @entity2493 is a strategy that has been increasingly used for treating @entity22 . @entity2493 can be effective for improving @entity25 without the adverse effects associated with hypnotic-sedatives. Ramelteon, a synthetic analog of @entity2493 which has a longer half life and a stronger affinity for @entity4911 , has been reportedly effective for initiating and improving sleep in both adult and elderly insomniacs without showing hangover, @entity734 , or @entity73 . @entity22 is also a major complaint among @entity1 suffering from @entity308 and is often aggravated by conventional antidepressants especially the specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. The novel antidepressant @entity29050 , a dual action agent with affinity for @entity2493 @entity4911 and @entity13498 receptors and 5-HT2c antagonistic properties, constitutes a new approach to the treatment of major @entity308 . @entity29050 ameliorates the symptoms of @entity308 and improves the quality and efficiency of sleep. Taken together, the evidence indicates that @entity4911 / @entity13498 receptor agonists like @entity12123 or @entity29050 may be valuable pharmacological tools for @entity22 and for @entity308 .

title: XXXX agonists in primary @entity22 and @entity308 : are they superior to sedative-hypnotics?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: Current pharmacological treatment of @entity22 involves the use of sedative-hypnotic @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 drugs. Although @entity1245 improve sleep, their multiple adverse effects hamper their application. Adverse effects include @entity2414 and cognitive functions, next-day hangover and @entity734 . Non- @entity1245 are effective for initiating sleep but are not as effective as @entity1245 for improving @entity25 or efficiency. Furthermore, their prolonged use produces adverse effects similar to those observed with @entity1245 . Inasmuch as @entity22 may be associated with decreased nocturnal @entity2493 , administration of @entity2493 is a strategy that has been increasingly used for treating @entity22 . @entity2493 can be effective for improving @entity25 without the adverse effects associated with hypnotic-sedatives. Ramelteon, a synthetic analog of @entity2493 which has a longer half life and a stronger affinity for @entity4911 , has been reportedly effective for initiating and improving sleep in both adult and elderly insomniacs without showing hangover, @entity734 , or @entity73 . @entity22 is also a major complaint among @entity1 suffering from @entity308 and is often aggravated by conventional antidepressants especially the specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. The novel antidepressant @entity29050 , a dual action agent with affinity for @entity2493 @entity4911 and @entity13498 receptors and 5-HT2c antagonistic properties, constitutes a new approach to the treatment of major @entity308 . @entity29050 ameliorates the symptoms of @entity308 and improves the quality and efficiency of sleep. Taken together, the evidence indicates that @entity4911 / @entity13498 receptor agonists like @entity12123 or @entity29050 may be valuable pharmacological tools for @entity22 and for @entity308 .

title: @entity2493 agonists in primary XXXX and @entity308 : are they superior to sedative-hypnotics?

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: We have identified and sequenced two members of a @entity1573 middle repetitive DNA sequence family. By reassociation kinetics, members of this family (termed @entity18204 ) are estimated to be present in 1500-7000 copies per @entity1573 haploid genome. The first family member sequenced (CRlUla) is located approximately 2 kb upstream from the previously cloned @entity1573 Ul RNA gene. The second @entity18204 sequence ( @entity18204 )Va) is located approximately 12 kb downstream from the 3' end of the @entity1573 ovalbumin gene. The region of homology between these two sequences extends over a region of approximately 160 base pairs. In each case, the 160 base pair region is flanked by imperfect, but homologous, short direct repeats 10-15 base pairs in length. When the @entity18204 sequences are compared with @entity1 ubiquitous interspersed repetitive DNA sequences ( @entity1 Alu and @entity19 Bl families), several regions of extensive homology are evident. In addition, the short nucleotide sequence CAGCCTGG which is completely conserved in ubiquitous repetitive sequence families from several @entity1 species is also conserved at a homologous position in the @entity1573 sequences. These data imply that at least certain aspects of the sequence and structure of these interspersed repeats must predate the avian- @entity1 divergence. It seems that the @entity18204 family may possibly represent an avian counterpart of the @entity1 ubiquitous repeats.

title: A XXXX middle-repetitive DNA sequence which shares homology with @entity1 ubiquitous repeats.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: We have identified and sequenced two members of a @entity1573 middle repetitive DNA sequence family. By reassociation kinetics, members of this family (termed @entity18204 ) are estimated to be present in 1500-7000 copies per @entity1573 haploid genome. The first family member sequenced (CRlUla) is located approximately 2 kb upstream from the previously cloned @entity1573 Ul RNA gene. The second @entity18204 sequence ( @entity18204 )Va) is located approximately 12 kb downstream from the 3' end of the @entity1573 ovalbumin gene. The region of homology between these two sequences extends over a region of approximately 160 base pairs. In each case, the 160 base pair region is flanked by imperfect, but homologous, short direct repeats 10-15 base pairs in length. When the @entity18204 sequences are compared with @entity1 ubiquitous interspersed repetitive DNA sequences ( @entity1 Alu and @entity19 Bl families), several regions of extensive homology are evident. In addition, the short nucleotide sequence CAGCCTGG which is completely conserved in ubiquitous repetitive sequence families from several @entity1 species is also conserved at a homologous position in the @entity1573 sequences. These data imply that at least certain aspects of the sequence and structure of these interspersed repeats must predate the avian- @entity1 divergence. It seems that the @entity18204 family may possibly represent an avian counterpart of the @entity1 ubiquitous repeats.

title: A @entity1573 middle-repetitive DNA sequence which shares homology with XXXX ubiquitous repeats.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']