abstract: Although randomized clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of coronary irradiation versus placebo for the treatment of in-stent @entity256 (ISR), durable long-term benefit in community practice is less well defined. From January 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002, consecutive percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 3,869) were analyzed at our center with a total of 330 @entity1 undergoing coronary irradiation for ISR (53, Ir192; 12, P32; 265 Novoste Sr90). Novoste Sr90 was successfully performed in 265 of 270 (98%) of @entity1 attempted by 10 operators. The mean @entity1 age was 63 years (range 35 90) with 55% male (145/265) and 45% female (120/265). ISR anatomic subsets included @entity66 (45/265; 17%), multi-vessel (27/265; 10.0%) and saphenous vein graft (16/265; 6.0%) interventions. At a mean follow-up of 10.5 2.8 ( @entity168 ) months, fifty-three (20%) of the Novoste Sr90 treated @entity1 had returned for symptoms requiring repeat angiography. Of these, 23 @entity1 had repeat percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) including 2 target site revascularizations (TSR), twelve non-TSR (distinct from the radiated segment of the target vessel), and 9 non-target vessel revascularizations (TVR). Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in 11 total @entity1 , 4 due to TSR, and 7 due to non-TVR. Clinical TSR was 2.3% (6/265) and TVR was 6.8% (18/265). In conclusion, the Novoste SR90 Beta-Cath System for the treatment of ISR is associated with a high procedural success rate and low TSR and TVR. Revascularization in follow-up is predominantly due to progressive disease outside the radiated segment and aggressive secondary prevention, especially prolonged anti-platelet therapy, appear critical to long-term procedural success.

title: Durable clinical benefit following Sr90 Beta irradiation therapy for in-stent XXXX in high-volume community practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-lesion']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: Hemodialysis vascular @entity409 is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in the hemodialysis population (230,000 @entity1 in the United States) at a cost of well over 1 billion dollars per annum. @entity1211 and @entity715 (due to @entity1211 ), is the most common cause of hemodialysis vascular @entity409 . At the clinical level, this manifests in the form of a 50%, one-year primary patency for new grafts, and a dismal 40% 3-month survival for thrombosed grafts. However, despite the magnitude of the clinical problem, there are currently no effective therapies for this condition. We and others have previously demonstrated that @entity1211 in @entity736 ( @entity736 ) dialysis grafts is composed of smooth muscle cells/myofibroblasts, a perigraft macrophage layer and microvessels within the @entity1211 . Interestingly, there is strong experimental evidence which demonstrates that radiation therapy blocks the proliferation and activation of all these cell types. In addition, endovascular radiation therapy has already been successfully used to prevent restenosis following coronary angioplasty. The BRAVO trial is a randomized, multi-center, double-blind clinical trial of endovascular radiation in PTFE dialysis grafts, sponsored by the Novoste Corporation. This trial is particularly significant as it is the first large multi-center study that is focused on testing a novel local intervention in the specific setting of dialysis @entity409 . The rationale behind this study, and its design and the logistics involved, will also be described in this review.

title: Vascular brachytherapy for hemodialysis vascular XXXX : exploring an unmet clinical need.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous stenosis', 'venous neointima', 'venous neointimal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['access dysfunction']


abstract: In this study, we present anti- @entity5 drug containing nanofiber-mediated gene delivery to treat @entity96 . Electro-spun nanofibers have big potential for local delivery and sustained release of therapeutic gene and drugs. We reported a temperature-responsive nanofibers mainly compounded by branched @entity4351 (PCL) macro-monomers and anti- @entity5 drug @entity1311 . The nanofiber could be administrated into @entity96 to dramatically hinder their growth and prevent their @entity3 . As a result, @entity1311 encapsulated PCL ( @entity4045 /PCL) nanofibers with diameters of around several tens nanometers to 10 nm were successfully obtained by electro-spinning and observed in @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Nanoparticles composed of @entity1520 cross-linked branched @entity8681 (ssPEI) and anti- @entity5 therapeutic gene @entity3373 were complexed based on the electrostatic interaction and coated over the @entity1311 -loaded nanofiber. MicroRNA 145/ss @entity8681 nanoparticles (MSNs) immobilized on the @entity4045 /PCL nanofiber showed time-dependent sustained release of the microRNA for enhanced uptake in neighboring @entity96 cells without any noticeable @entity137 . From this study we are expecting a synergistic effect on the @entity5 cell suppression since we have combined the drug and gene delivery. This approach uses the nanofibers and nanoparticles together for the treatment of @entity5 and the detailed investigation in vitro and in vivo must be conducted for the practicality of this study. The polymer is biodegradable and the @entity137 issues must be cleared by our approach.

title: Simultaneous Drug and Gene Delivery from the Biodegradable XXXX Nanofibers for the Treatment of @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(  -caprolactone)']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['Poly(  -caprolactone)']


abstract: In this study, we present anti- @entity5 drug containing nanofiber-mediated gene delivery to treat @entity96 . Electro-spun nanofibers have big potential for local delivery and sustained release of therapeutic gene and drugs. We reported a temperature-responsive nanofibers mainly compounded by branched @entity4351 (PCL) macro-monomers and anti- @entity5 drug @entity1311 . The nanofiber could be administrated into @entity96 to dramatically hinder their growth and prevent their @entity3 . As a result, @entity1311 encapsulated PCL ( @entity4045 /PCL) nanofibers with diameters of around several tens nanometers to 10 nm were successfully obtained by electro-spinning and observed in @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Nanoparticles composed of @entity1520 cross-linked branched @entity8681 (ssPEI) and anti- @entity5 therapeutic gene @entity3373 were complexed based on the electrostatic interaction and coated over the @entity1311 -loaded nanofiber. MicroRNA 145/ss @entity8681 nanoparticles (MSNs) immobilized on the @entity4045 /PCL nanofiber showed time-dependent sustained release of the microRNA for enhanced uptake in neighboring @entity96 cells without any noticeable @entity137 . From this study we are expecting a synergistic effect on the @entity5 cell suppression since we have combined the drug and gene delivery. This approach uses the nanofibers and nanoparticles together for the treatment of @entity5 and the detailed investigation in vitro and in vivo must be conducted for the practicality of this study. The polymer is biodegradable and the @entity137 issues must be cleared by our approach.

title: Simultaneous Drug and Gene Delivery from the Biodegradable @entity4351 Nanofibers for the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To give an overview on the currently performed decompression techniques in Graves' orbitopathy, its indications, outcome, complications and predictability. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted (PubMed 1993-2010). Case series with a minimum of 10 @entity1 , with a detailed description of surgical methods and available @entity1 data, were included. @entity1 demographics, preoperative amount of exophthalmos, the surgical technique, reduction in exophthalmos and complications such as new-onset @entity892 were assessed. RESULTS: 485 related articles were reviewed, and 37 case series were included in this survey. Irrespective of the surgical method, an average of 4.45 mm in @entity5768 was reported with a wide range of -6 to 11 mm. The choice of the surgical technique rather seems to be a matter of the surgeon's background or preference than objective criteria. The individual orbital anatomy was considered in one case series only with regard to the choice of surgical technique. Based on their data on a pilot study, the authors assume that the intersubject variability of orbital morphology may have a relevant impact on the outcome of orbital decompression. CONCLUSION: Consideration of the individual orbital anatomy in the definition of outcome measures may improve the predictability of @entity5768 in Graves' orbitopathy. Further clinical studies are required to determine the significance of intersubject variability in orbital morphology for the predictability of @entity5768 .

title: How predictable is XXXX in Graves' orbitopathy? A review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos reduction']

answer: @entity5768 :: (MESH:D005094,Disease) :: ['exophthalmos reduction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe variations in blood-based resuscitation in an injured cohort. We hypothesize that distinct transfusion trajectories are present. BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies of @entity548 utilize the concept of massive transfusion, where a set volume of blood is required. Patterns of @entity548 vary and massive transfusion does little to describe these differences. METHODS: @entity1 were prospectively included from June 2012 to 2013. Time of transfusion for each packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfused was recorded, in minutes, for all @entity1 . Additional measures included @entity130 data, admission laboratory values, and vital signs and outcomes including mortality, tempo of transfusion, and operative requirements. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to describe transfusion trajectories throughout the cohort. RESULTS: Three hundred sixteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 72% were @entity1 and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24-50), median injury severity score was 13 (IQR 9-22), median 24-hour transfusion volume was 4 units of PRBCs (IQR 2-8), and mortality was 14%. Six transfusion trajectories were identified. Among the @entity1 , 35% received negligible transfusions (group 1). Groups 2 and 3 received greater than 15 units PRBCs-the former as early resuscitation, whereas the latter intermittently throughout the day. Groups 4 and 5 had similar small resuscitations with distinct demographic differences. Group 6 suffered @entity1913 and required rapid resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional definitions of massive transfusion are broad and imprecise. In cohorts of severely injured @entity1 , there are distinct, identifiable transfusion trajectories. Identification of subgroups is important in understanding clinical course and to anticipate resuscitative and therapeutic needs.

title: Utilizing Group-based Trajectory Modeling to Understand Patterns of XXXX and Resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of surgical @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 with poor prognosis is a priority in clinical oncology because of their high 5-year mortality. This meta-analysis explored the prognostic value of maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in surgical @entity1149 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched until August 1, 2015. Prospective or retrospective studies that evaluated the prognostic roles of preoperative @entity419 PET/CT with complete DFS and @entity1349 data in surgical @entity1149 @entity1 were included. The impact of SUVmax, MTV or TLG on survival was measured using hazard ratios (HR). Sub-group analyses were performed based on disease stage, pathological classification, surgery only and cut-off values. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies comprised of 5807 @entity1 were included. The combined HRs for DFS were 2.74 (95%CI 2.33-3.24, unadjusted) and 2.43 (95%CI: 1.76-3.36, adjusted) for SUVmax, 2.27 (95%CI 1.77-2.90, unadjusted) and 2.49 (95%CI 1.23-5.04, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.46 (95%CI 1.91-3.17, unadjusted) and 2.97 (95%CI 1.68-5.28, adjusted) for TLG. The pooled HRs for @entity1349 were 2.54 (95%CI 1.86-3.49, unadjusted) and 1.52 (95%CI 1.16-2.00, adjusted) for SUVmax, 2.07 (95%CI 1.16-3.69, unadjusted) and 1.91 (95%CI 1.13-3.22, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.47 (95%CI 1.38-4.43, unadjusted) and 1.94 (95%CI 1.12-3.33, adjusted) for TLG. Begg's test detected publication bias, the trim and fill procedure was performed, and similar HRs were obtained. The prognostic role of SUVmax, MTV and TLG remained similar in the sub-group analyses. CONCLUSIONS: High values of SUVmax, MTV and TLG predicted a higher risk of recurrence or @entity204 in @entity1 with surgical @entity1149 . We suggest the use of FDG PET/CT to select @entity1 who are at high risk of disease recurrence or @entity204 and may benefit from aggressive treatments.

title: Prognostic Value of @entity419 PET/CT in Surgical XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The identification of surgical @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 with poor prognosis is a priority in clinical oncology because of their high 5-year mortality. This meta-analysis explored the prognostic value of maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic @entity5 volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in surgical @entity1149 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched until August 1, 2015. Prospective or retrospective studies that evaluated the prognostic roles of preoperative @entity419 PET/CT with complete DFS and @entity1349 data in surgical @entity1149 @entity1 were included. The impact of SUVmax, MTV or TLG on survival was measured using hazard ratios (HR). Sub-group analyses were performed based on disease stage, pathological classification, surgery only and cut-off values. RESULTS: Thirty-six studies comprised of 5807 @entity1 were included. The combined HRs for DFS were 2.74 (95%CI 2.33-3.24, unadjusted) and 2.43 (95%CI: 1.76-3.36, adjusted) for SUVmax, 2.27 (95%CI 1.77-2.90, unadjusted) and 2.49 (95%CI 1.23-5.04, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.46 (95%CI 1.91-3.17, unadjusted) and 2.97 (95%CI 1.68-5.28, adjusted) for TLG. The pooled HRs for @entity1349 were 2.54 (95%CI 1.86-3.49, unadjusted) and 1.52 (95%CI 1.16-2.00, adjusted) for SUVmax, 2.07 (95%CI 1.16-3.69, unadjusted) and 1.91 (95%CI 1.13-3.22, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.47 (95%CI 1.38-4.43, unadjusted) and 1.94 (95%CI 1.12-3.33, adjusted) for TLG. Begg's test detected publication bias, the trim and fill procedure was performed, and similar HRs were obtained. The prognostic role of SUVmax, MTV and TLG remained similar in the sub-group analyses. CONCLUSIONS: High values of SUVmax, MTV and TLG predicted a higher risk of recurrence or @entity204 in @entity1 with surgical @entity1149 . We suggest the use of FDG PET/CT to select @entity1 who are at high risk of disease recurrence or @entity204 and may benefit from aggressive treatments.

title: Prognostic Value of XXXX PET/CT in Surgical @entity1149 : A Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of @entity1187 , reduction of sympathetic stress and @entity5733 release is an important therapeutic goal. One method used to achieve this goal is @entity158 reduction through the systemic administration of analgesia. Historically, @entity1286 has been the analgesic of choice in @entity63 @entity158 . This randomized double-blind controlled trial seeks to prove the utility of @entity3575 as an alternate first-line analgesic for @entity662 in the prehospital setting. Successive @entity1 who were treated for suspected @entity63 @entity662 in the emergency medical services system were considered eligible. Once @entity662 was confirmed, @entity1 received @entity26 , @entity117 , and @entity1242 therapy. If the @entity662 continued the @entity1 was randomized in a double-blinded fashion to treatment with either @entity1286 or @entity3575 . @entity158 scale scores, necessity for additional dosing, and rate of adverse events between the groups were assessed every 5 minutes and were compared using t-testing, Fisher's Exact test, or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) where appropriate. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of @entity551 and the secondary outcome was @entity158 reduction as measured by the visual analog score and numeric rating score. A total of 207 @entity1 were randomized with 187 @entity1 included in the final analysis. Of the 187 @entity1 , 99 were in the @entity1286 group and 88 in the @entity3575 group. No statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to @entity551 was found ( @entity1286 5.1% vs. @entity3575 0%, p = 0.06). Baseline characteristics, necessity for additional dosing, and other adverse events between the two groups were not statistically different. There were no significant differences between the changes in visual analog scores and numeric rating scale scores for @entity158 between the two groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.15, respectively). This study supports that @entity3575 and @entity1286 are comparable in providing analgesia for @entity662 . @entity3575 appears to be a safe and effective alternative to @entity1286 for the management of @entity662 in the prehospital setting.

title: Comparison of @entity3575 and XXXX in the Prehospital Treatment of @entity662 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic-type chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of @entity1187 , reduction of sympathetic stress and @entity5733 release is an important therapeutic goal. One method used to achieve this goal is @entity158 reduction through the systemic administration of analgesia. Historically, @entity1286 has been the analgesic of choice in @entity63 @entity158 . This randomized double-blind controlled trial seeks to prove the utility of @entity3575 as an alternate first-line analgesic for @entity662 in the prehospital setting. Successive @entity1 who were treated for suspected @entity63 @entity662 in the emergency medical services system were considered eligible. Once @entity662 was confirmed, @entity1 received @entity26 , @entity117 , and @entity1242 therapy. If the @entity662 continued the @entity1 was randomized in a double-blinded fashion to treatment with either @entity1286 or @entity3575 . @entity158 scale scores, necessity for additional dosing, and rate of adverse events between the groups were assessed every 5 minutes and were compared using t-testing, Fisher's Exact test, or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) where appropriate. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of @entity551 and the secondary outcome was @entity158 reduction as measured by the visual analog score and numeric rating score. A total of 207 @entity1 were randomized with 187 @entity1 included in the final analysis. Of the 187 @entity1 , 99 were in the @entity1286 group and 88 in the @entity3575 group. No statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to @entity551 was found ( @entity1286 5.1% vs. @entity3575 0%, p = 0.06). Baseline characteristics, necessity for additional dosing, and other adverse events between the two groups were not statistically different. There were no significant differences between the changes in visual analog scores and numeric rating scale scores for @entity158 between the two groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.15, respectively). This study supports that @entity3575 and @entity1286 are comparable in providing analgesia for @entity662 . @entity3575 appears to be a safe and effective alternative to @entity1286 for the management of @entity662 in the prehospital setting.

title: Comparison of @entity3575 and @entity1286 in the Prehospital Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Type Chest Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of @entity1187 , reduction of sympathetic stress and @entity5733 release is an important therapeutic goal. One method used to achieve this goal is @entity158 reduction through the systemic administration of analgesia. Historically, @entity1286 has been the analgesic of choice in @entity63 @entity158 . This randomized double-blind controlled trial seeks to prove the utility of @entity3575 as an alternate first-line analgesic for @entity662 in the prehospital setting. Successive @entity1 who were treated for suspected @entity63 @entity662 in the emergency medical services system were considered eligible. Once @entity662 was confirmed, @entity1 received @entity26 , @entity117 , and @entity1242 therapy. If the @entity662 continued the @entity1 was randomized in a double-blinded fashion to treatment with either @entity1286 or @entity3575 . @entity158 scale scores, necessity for additional dosing, and rate of adverse events between the groups were assessed every 5 minutes and were compared using t-testing, Fisher's Exact test, or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) where appropriate. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of @entity551 and the secondary outcome was @entity158 reduction as measured by the visual analog score and numeric rating score. A total of 207 @entity1 were randomized with 187 @entity1 included in the final analysis. Of the 187 @entity1 , 99 were in the @entity1286 group and 88 in the @entity3575 group. No statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to @entity551 was found ( @entity1286 5.1% vs. @entity3575 0%, p = 0.06). Baseline characteristics, necessity for additional dosing, and other adverse events between the two groups were not statistically different. There were no significant differences between the changes in visual analog scores and numeric rating scale scores for @entity158 between the two groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.15, respectively). This study supports that @entity3575 and @entity1286 are comparable in providing analgesia for @entity662 . @entity3575 appears to be a safe and effective alternative to @entity1286 for the management of @entity662 in the prehospital setting.

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity1286 in the Prehospital Treatment of @entity662 .

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: In young @entity1 ingesting protein meals, slowly digested proteins (caseins: @entity1741 ) induce a higher protein gain than those that are rapidly digested (whey proteins: WP). Our aim was to assess whether or not this is true in elderly @entity1 receiving mixed meals. The effects of meals containing either @entity1741 or two different amounts of WP (WP-iN: isonitrogenous with @entity1741 , or WP-iL: providing the same amount of @entity368 as @entity1741 ) on protein metabolism (assessed by combining oral and intravenous @entity368 tracers) were compared in nine healthy, elderly (mean +/- S.E.M. age 72 +/- 1 years) and six young @entity1 (24 +/- 1 years). In both age groups, WP-iL and WP-iN were digested faster than @entity1741 (P < 0.001, ANOVA). Proteolysis was inhibited similarly whatever the meal and age groups (P = NS). Protein synthesis was higher with WP-iN than with @entity1741 or WP-iL (P < 0.01), irrespective of age (P = NS). An age-related effect (P < 0.05) was found with postprandial @entity368 balance. @entity368 balance was higher with @entity1741 than with WP-iL (P < 0.01) in young @entity1 , but not in elderly subjects (P = NS). In isonitrogenous conditions, @entity368 balance was higher with WP-iN than with @entity1741 (P < 0.001) in both age groups, but the magnitude of the differences was higher in the elderly @entity1 (P = 0.05). In conclusion, during aging, protein gain was greater with WP (rapidly digested protein), and lower with @entity1741 (slowly digested protein). This suggests that a 'fast' protein might be more beneficial than a 'slow' one to limit protein losses during aging.

title: The rate of protein digestion affects protein gain differently during aging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucine', 'leucine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the efficacy of a new cognitive debiasing intervention in reducing decision-making errors in the assessment of @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHOD: The study was a randomized controlled trial using case vignette methodology. @entity1 were 137 mental health professionals working in different regions of the United States (M = 8.6    7.5 years of experience). @entity1 were randomly assigned to a (a) brief overview of @entity162 (control condition), or (b) the same brief overview plus a cognitive debiasing intervention (treatment condition) that educated @entity1 about common cognitive pitfalls (e.g., base-rate neglect, search satisficing) and taught corrective strategies (e.g., mnemonics, Bayesian tools). Both groups evaluated 4 identical case vignettes. Primary outcome measures were clinicians' diagnoses and treatment decisions. The vignette characters' race or ethnicity was experimentally manipulated. RESULTS: @entity1 in the treatment group showed better overall judgment accuracy, p < .001, and committed significantly fewer decision-making errors, p < .001. Inaccurate and somewhat accurate diagnostic decisions were significantly associated with different treatment and clinical recommendations, particularly in cases where @entity1 missed comorbid conditions, failed to detect the possibility of hypomania or @entity162 in @entity308 , and misdiagnosed classic @entity162 . In contrast, effects of @entity1 race were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: The cognitive debiasing intervention outperformed the control condition. Examining specific heuristics in cases of @entity162 may identify especially problematic mismatches between typical habits of thought and characteristics of the disorder. The debiasing intervention was brief and delivered via the Web; it has the potential to generalize and extend to other diagnoses as well as to various practice and training settings. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive debiasing improves assessment and treatment selection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['PBD', 'pediatric bipolar disorder', 'manic symptoms', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed youths']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['pediatric bipolar disorder']


abstract: Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty with @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) have been used for the treatment of @entity3814 . We performed kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty with alpha- @entity9039 cement (CPC) and @entity4625 to compare the biomechanical properties. Thirty osteoporotic vertebrae were harvested from nine embalmed cadavers. We randomized the vertebrae into four treatment groups: (1) kyphoplasty with CPC; (2) kyphoplasty with @entity4625 ; (3) vertebroplasty with CPC; and (4) vertebroplasty with @entity4625 . Prior to injecting the cement, all vertebrae were compressed to determine their initial strength and stiffness. They were then recompressed to determine their augmented strength and stiffness. Although the augmented strength was greater than the initial strength in all groups, there was no significant difference between the two bone cements for either kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty. The augmented stiffness was significantly less than the initial stiffness in the kyphoplasty groups, but the difference between the two cements did not reach significance. In the vertebroplasty groups, the augmented stiffness was not significantly different from the initial stiffness. There was no significant difference between the two bone cements for either procedure when cement volume and restoration of anterior height were assessed. We concluded that kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty with CPC were viable treatment alternatives to @entity4625 for @entity3814 .

title: Biomechanical evaluation of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty with calcium phosphate cement in a simulated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tricalcium phosphate']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic compression fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 are believed to be associated with @entity8 . Whether this depends on fat distribution is not known. We hypothesize that in addition to overweight, fat distribution may be associated with @entity8 . METHODS: We studied the relation between body weight and fat distribution and microalbuminuria and elevated or diminished filtration in 7,676 subjects without @entity6 . Microalbuminuria is defined as urinary albumin excretion (UAE) of 30 to 300 mg/24 h. Elevated and diminished filtration are defined as filtration plus or minus 2 SDs of a nondiabetic lean group with a peripheral fat distribution and UAE of 0 to 15 mg/24 h, corrected for age and sex. The total population was divided into six groups according to body weight (overweight is defined as body mass index [BMI] > 25 and < or = 30 kg/m2; @entity28 , as BMI > 30 kg/m2) and fat distribution. RESULTS: In logistic regression analysis, @entity28 subjects with central fat distribution had a greater risk for microalbuminuria (relative risk, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 2.35). Obese subjects with either peripheral or central fat distribution had a greater risk for elevated filtration (relative risk, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 8.47; relative risk, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.59 to 4.28, respectively). Furthermore, subjects with central fat distribution, either lean, overweight, or @entity28 , had a greater risk for diminished filtration (relative risk, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 3.12; relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 3.19; and relative risk, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 4.85, respectively). Finally, by dividing waist-hip ratio (WHR) into quartiles, greater WHR was associated with a greater risk for diminished filtration, even when corrected for BMI. CONCLUSION: Not only overweight and @entity28 subjects, but also lean subjects with central fat distribution are at risk for diminished filtration. Therefore, a central pattern of fat distribution, not overweight or @entity28 by itself, seems to be important for @entity8 .

title: A central body fat distribution is related to XXXX , even in lean subjects.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal function abnormalities', 'renal damage', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal function impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal involvement is frequently present in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated systemic @entity1333 and is an important cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter, sequential cohort study reports presenting features and outcome of 246 new @entity1 diagnosed in London, UK, between 1995 and 2000. RESULTS: Diagnostic subgroups were @entity6129 , 120 @entity1 (49%); @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ), 82 @entity1 (33%); renal-limited @entity1333 , 33 @entity1 (13.5%); and @entity12534 , 11 @entity1 (4.5%). Median age was 66 years, 57% were @entity1 , and median @entity1011 level at presentation was 3.87 mg/dL (342 micromol/L). ANCA was present in 92%. Cumulative @entity1 survival at 1 and 5 years was 82% and 76%, respectively. Mortality was associated with age older than 60 years (P < 0.001), development of @entity454 (P < 0.001), initial @entity1011 level greater than 2.26 mg/dL (200 micromol/L; P = 0.01), and @entity295 (P < 0.048). @entity454 occurred in 68 @entity1 (28%), of whom 47% died. Fifty-six @entity1 who presented with a @entity1011 level greater than 5.65 mg/dL (500 micromol/L) survived, and 31 @entity1 (55%) achieved dialysis independence. Relapse occurred in 34% after a median of 13 months and was more common in @entity1 with @entity2883 (P = 0.048) and @entity7134 -ANCA (P = 0.034). @entity1431 occurred in 41% and was associated with @entity295 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Mortality and morbidity of ANCA-associated systemic @entity1333 are improving compared with previous series, but remain high. @entity8 often affects older @entity1 , who have a particularly poor outcome. Early diagnosis improves outcome. @entity1431 , caused by immunosuppressive therapy, should be avoided because of the close association with @entity295 and @entity204 .

title: Outcome of ANCA-associated XXXX : a 5-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss angiitis']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vasculitis']


abstract: A survey was carried out on the incidence of @entity7553 amongst the asymptomatic female students of University of Jos. One hundred and three students were selected at guided random. Their first stream urine samples were collected with the aid of sterile McCarthney bottles. The deposits of the centrifuged urine samples were plated out on sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) fortified with antibiotics ( @entity3397 and @entity3639 ). A total number of 42 positive Candida cases were obtained. This represented 40.78% of the total samples (103) examined. The Candida species isolated included @entity5132 , @entity7408 , C. guilliermondi, @entity7409 , C. pseudotropicalis, @entity5132 , @entity9841 and @entity59858 . @entity5132 and @entity9841 were more predominant than the other species. @entity5132 had 38.10% frequency of occurrence while @entity9841 had 21.43% occurrence. The least percentage occurrence was recorded for @entity59858 which had 2.38%. There were significant relationships between the incidence of @entity7553 and the predisposing factors like drug administration (antibiotics and contraceptive pills), cases of pregnancy and previous @entity281 . Neither the marital status nor the age groups of the test female students had significant effects on the incidence of this disease. The pH values of the infected urine samples had a significant effect on the incidence of the disease.

title: The incidence of XXXX amongst the asymptomatic female students of the University of Jos, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. stellatoidea', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cases of urinogenital tract infection']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity7553 :: (MESH:D002177,Disease) :: ['candidiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess contrast material-enhanced ultrasonographic (US) findings seen after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of @entity263 and correlate the US findings with post-HIFU biopsy findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was ethics committee approved. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 referred for @entity263 ablation underwent contrast-enhanced prostate US before treatment, @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and repeat contrast-enhanced US 1-3 days after treatment, and contrast-enhanced US-guided biopsy 30-45 days after treatment. The contrast-enhanced US enhancement patterns of the biopsy sites--assigned a score of S0 for no enhancement, S1 for mild and/or patchy enhancement, or S2 for marked enhancement--were compared with corresponding biopsy findings, which were assigned a score of B0 for @entity39 and/or @entity82 without viable prostate gland tissue, B1 for vascularized tissue without viable gland tissue, or B2 for viable gland tissue (benign or malignant). Then, six additional @entity1 underwent contrast-enhanced prostate US 15-30 minutes and 1 day after HIFU ablation, and the results of these two US examinations were compared. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced US performed on days 1-3 and days 30-45 after HIFU ablation depicted a large devascularized zone with peripheral enhancing areas that were localized anteriorly in all 28 @entity1 , posteriorly in nine, laterally in five, and at the apex in 20 @entity1 . MR findings were concordant. At biopsy, viable gland tissue was found at nine (6.2%) of 146 S0 sites, 10 (34%) of 29 S1 sites, and 44 (60%) of 73 S2 sites. The odds ratios for finding viable tissue (score B1 or B2) at S1 and S2 sites as opposed to S0 sites were 21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6, 71) and 73 (95% CI: 22, 243), respectively (P < .0001). Contrast-enhanced US performed 15-30 minutes and 1 day after treatment in the six additional @entity1 had similar findings. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced US is a promising tool for distinguishing between ablated (devascularized) and viable (enhancing) tissue immediately after HIFU treatment.

title: XXXX ablation with transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound: assessment of tissue destruction with contrast-enhanced US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'HIFU prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate by Scheimpflug photography the capacity of several commercially available ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) to remain in the anterior chamber and maintain @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) during simulated @entity231 surgery in porcine cadaver eyes. SETTING: Department of Preclinical Ophthalmology, Pharmacia _ Upjohn AB, Uppsala, Sweden. METHODS: Eighty eyes from newly slaughtered @entity1707 were used. They were distributed equally among 8 OVDs: Amvisc Plus ( @entity4023 1.6%), Biolon ( @entity4023 1.0%), Biolon Prime ( @entity4023 1.2%), Healon ( @entity4023 1.0%), Healon GV ( @entity4023 1.4%), Healon5 ( @entity4023 2.3%), Provisc ( @entity4023 1.0%), and Viscoat ( @entity4023 3.0%-chondroitin @entity597 4.0%). Scheimpflug photographs were taken using a Nidek EAS-1000 instrument before surgery (control), after injection of the OVD, after continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), and after lens extraction by phacoemulsification. Differences in the @entity8707 with a P value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The retention capacity was visually assessed. RESULTS: Healon5 had a significantly higher capacity to maintain the @entity8707 than the other OVDs after CCC and phacoemulsification. After injection, Healon5, Viscoat, and Biolon Prime showed similar @entity8707 -maintaining capacities. CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of Healon5 to maintain the @entity8707 during @entity231 surgery, ie, neutralizing the vitreous pressure and stabilizing the anterior segment of the eye, was significantly higher than that of the other OVDs.

title: Scheimpflug photography study of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices during simulated XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the survival of @entity1 with @entity1577 whose lung function has deteriorated to a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) below 30% predicted in the recent treatment @entity7971 and to explore factors associated with any change in survival. Design Cohort study. SETTING: Adult @entity1577 unit in London. @entity1 : 276 @entity1 (147 (53%) male) whose FEV(1) was first observed to be less than 30% predicted between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival during follow-up to 31 December 2007 in two year sub-cohorts. RESULTS: Median survival improved from 1.2 years in the 1990-1 group to 5.3 years in the 2002-3 group, with a marked improvement in survival from 1994. The use of nebulised recombinant @entity1 DNase was significantly associated with a reduced risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.79). Significantly increased risks were associated with a body mass index under 19 (hazard ratio 1.52, 1.10 to 2.10), long term oxygen therapy (3.52, 2.49 to 4.99), and nebulised antibiotics (1.84, 1.05 to 3.22). CONCLUSION: A marked improvement has occurred in the survival of @entity1 with @entity1577 with an FEV(1) less than 30% predicted. Secondary analyses suggest that some of this improvement may be due to use of recombinant @entity1 DNase.

title: Improved survival at low lung function in XXXX : cohort study from 1990 to 2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) can be the first sign of @entity1204 . In case of thickened endometrium, endometrial sampling is often used in these @entity1 . In this systematic review, we studied the accuracy of endometrial sampling for the diagnoses of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 (endometrial pathology, including benign @entity1127 ). We systematically searched the literature for studies comparing the results of endometrial sampling in @entity1 with @entity548 with two different reference standards: blind dilatation and curettage (D_C) and hysteroscopy with histology. We assessed the quality of the detected studies by the QUADAS-2 tool. For each included study, we calculated the fraction of @entity1 in whom endometrial sampling failed. Furthermore, we extracted numbers of cases of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 that were identified or missed by endometrial sampling. We detected 12 studies reporting on 1029 @entity1 with @entity548 : five studies with dilatation and curettage (D_C) and seven studies with hysteroscopy as a reference test. The weighted sensitivity of endometrial sampling with D_C as a reference for the diagnosis of @entity1204 was 100% (range 100-100%) and 92% (71-100) for the diagnosis of @entity1373 . Only one study reported sensitivity for @entity1478 , which was 76%. When hysteroscopy was used as a reference, weighted sensitivities of endometrial sampling were 90% (range 50-100), 82% (range 56-94) and 39% (21-69) for the diagnosis of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 , respectively. For all diagnosis studied and the reference test used, specificity was 98-100%. The weighted failure rate of endometrial sampling was 11% (range 1-53%), while insufficient samples were found in 31% (range 7-76%). In these @entity1 with insufficient or failed samples, an @entity1204 was found in 7% (range 0-18%). In @entity1 with @entity548 , the sensitivity of endometrial sampling to detect @entity1204 and especially @entity1373 and @entity1478 , including @entity1478 , is lower than previously thought. Therefore, further diagnostic work-up for focal pathology is warranted, after a benign result of endometrial sampling.

title: The accuracy of endometrial sampling in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial (pre) cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'Postmenopausal bleeding', 'PMB']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial disease', 'endometrial polyps']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) can be the first sign of @entity1204 . In case of thickened endometrium, endometrial sampling is often used in these @entity1 . In this systematic review, we studied the accuracy of endometrial sampling for the diagnoses of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 (endometrial pathology, including benign @entity1127 ). We systematically searched the literature for studies comparing the results of endometrial sampling in @entity1 with @entity548 with two different reference standards: blind dilatation and curettage (D_C) and hysteroscopy with histology. We assessed the quality of the detected studies by the QUADAS-2 tool. For each included study, we calculated the fraction of @entity1 in whom endometrial sampling failed. Furthermore, we extracted numbers of cases of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 that were identified or missed by endometrial sampling. We detected 12 studies reporting on 1029 @entity1 with @entity548 : five studies with dilatation and curettage (D_C) and seven studies with hysteroscopy as a reference test. The weighted sensitivity of endometrial sampling with D_C as a reference for the diagnosis of @entity1204 was 100% (range 100-100%) and 92% (71-100) for the diagnosis of @entity1373 . Only one study reported sensitivity for @entity1478 , which was 76%. When hysteroscopy was used as a reference, weighted sensitivities of endometrial sampling were 90% (range 50-100), 82% (range 56-94) and 39% (21-69) for the diagnosis of @entity1204 , @entity1373 and @entity1478 , respectively. For all diagnosis studied and the reference test used, specificity was 98-100%. The weighted failure rate of endometrial sampling was 11% (range 1-53%), while insufficient samples were found in 31% (range 7-76%). In these @entity1 with insufficient or failed samples, an @entity1204 was found in 7% (range 0-18%). In @entity1 with @entity548 , the sensitivity of endometrial sampling to detect @entity1204 and especially @entity1373 and @entity1478 , including @entity1478 , is lower than previously thought. Therefore, further diagnostic work-up for focal pathology is warranted, after a benign result of endometrial sampling.

title: The accuracy of endometrial sampling in XXXX with @entity548 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We showed previously that the vasopeptidase inhibitor (VPI) omapatrilat improves @entity583 ( @entity583 ) survival, but the mechanisms involved and whether these effects are sustained remained to be determined, and are the subject of this study. @entity35 (n = 272) received omapatrilat (20 mg x kg-1x day-1) starting 7 days before @entity583 and continued peri- and @entity583 , or no treatment (control). One group of @entity35 had continuous ambulatory ECG and blood pressure recordings started 6 h before @entity583 and continued until 24 h after @entity583 , when survival was evaluated, and the @entity35 were killed, and @entity583 size was evaluated. A second group had left ventricular (LV) remodeling evaluated by echocardiography at 30 days and, at 38 days, had cardiac hemodynamics and morphology done and survival evaluated. Survival 24 h after @entity583 (n = 255) improved with omapatrilat (60% vs. 46% for control; P = 0.0378). Over the next 37 days, there was no further improvement with omapatrilat but the early benefit was sustained. Omapatrilat reduced @entity583 size 24 h after @entity583 (36 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 2 mm2 for controls; P = 0.034). Omapatrilat reduced ventricular @entity943 score 1-12 h after @entity583 . Omapatrilat decreased blood pressure, but not during the first 24 h after @entity583 . Omapatrilat reduced LV diastolic and systolic dimensions and LV and right ventricular weights compared with control large @entity583 , indicating a decrease in reactive @entity1184 . Improvement in cardiac remodeling was accompanied by improved cardiac hemodynamics. Thus this study indicates that pre-, peri-, and @entity583 treatment with the VPI omapatrilat is beneficial in survival, @entity943 , LV remodeling, and cardiac function.

title: Effects of pre-, peri-, and postmyocardial infarction treatment with omapatrilat in @entity35 : survival, XXXX , ventricular function, and remodeling.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI', 'MI', 'peri-myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: We showed previously that the vasopeptidase inhibitor (VPI) omapatrilat improves @entity583 ( @entity583 ) survival, but the mechanisms involved and whether these effects are sustained remained to be determined, and are the subject of this study. @entity35 (n = 272) received omapatrilat (20 mg x kg-1x day-1) starting 7 days before @entity583 and continued peri- and @entity583 , or no treatment (control). One group of @entity35 had continuous ambulatory ECG and blood pressure recordings started 6 h before @entity583 and continued until 24 h after @entity583 , when survival was evaluated, and the @entity35 were killed, and @entity583 size was evaluated. A second group had left ventricular (LV) remodeling evaluated by echocardiography at 30 days and, at 38 days, had cardiac hemodynamics and morphology done and survival evaluated. Survival 24 h after @entity583 (n = 255) improved with omapatrilat (60% vs. 46% for control; P = 0.0378). Over the next 37 days, there was no further improvement with omapatrilat but the early benefit was sustained. Omapatrilat reduced @entity583 size 24 h after @entity583 (36 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 2 mm2 for controls; P = 0.034). Omapatrilat reduced ventricular @entity943 score 1-12 h after @entity583 . Omapatrilat decreased blood pressure, but not during the first 24 h after @entity583 . Omapatrilat reduced LV diastolic and systolic dimensions and LV and right ventricular weights compared with control large @entity583 , indicating a decrease in reactive @entity1184 . Improvement in cardiac remodeling was accompanied by improved cardiac hemodynamics. Thus this study indicates that pre-, peri-, and @entity583 treatment with the VPI omapatrilat is beneficial in survival, @entity943 , LV remodeling, and cardiac function.

title: Effects of pre-, peri-, and postmyocardial infarction treatment with omapatrilat in XXXX : survival, @entity943 , ventricular function, and remodeling.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: For optimal decision making on access to and regulations around biologicals availability of national utilisation data is a prerequisite. This study characterises the main categories of critical issues in collecting available national utilisation data on @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) inhibitors in different European countries. METHODS: Data were collected on characteristics of the nature of @entity310 usage data and on usage of @entity310 itself (2003-2007). Utilisation rates were expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000 inhabitants/day. Data from Denmark, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Portugal were included. RESULTS: Characteristics of @entity310 (usage settings and ways of distribution to @entity1 ) and databases (type of data collected, public availability and data sources) influenced the way data were collected and determined the type of research and policy questions that can validly be addressed. The prevailing differences in the structure of national databases are prohibitive for critical aspects of medicines utilisation studies. An increase in @entity310 usage over time was observed in all countries and varied widely from 0.32 (Portugal) to 1.89 (Norway) DDDs/1000 inhabitants/day (2007). CONCLUSIONS: In the European countries studied data on national @entity310 usage is not easily, if at all accessible. Intercountry collaboration and sharing of technical resources will facilitate harmonisation of data collection allowing independent, population based, health and outcomes research.

title: Quality and completeness of utilisation data on biological agents across European countries: XXXX necrosis factor alpha inhibitors as a case study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5216 arising from the distal part of the aortic arch and passing behind the oesophagus (arteria lusoria) is a rare @entity154 , it is the 4th most common @entity6127 . At the site of the orifice there is the @entity8529 , which is the locus minoris resistentiae with the possible arise of the @entity449 . @entity384 of the anomalous artery and of the aorta may be the cause of distal embolism or @entity397 . Less frequently there is also the possibility of aortic dissection or @entity397 . CASE REPORT: 54-old @entity1 with a symptomatic aberrant @entity384 (arteria lusoria) and an anerurysmatic dilatation of the @entity8529 was indicated to staged combined management. Firstly we performed open surgical debranching of two supraaortic trunks (both subclavian arteries). Thereafter we excluded the orifice of the aberrant artery with the @entity8529 by use of the endovascular techniques. There have been no complications during the perioperative period and the effect of surgery was optimal. DISCUSSION: It is generally accepted that the presence of @entity439 of the @entity5216 is an indication for surgery, whether symptomatic or not. The conventional surgery is usually staged. Firstly there is a carotid-subclavian bypass or transposition on the right side and thereafter a transthoracic resection of the @entity8529 and aortic angioplasty. The combined management with supraaortic revascularization followed with the stentgraft exclusion of the @entity439 is a sophisticated alternative. CONCLUSION: Experiences with the combined treatment published in the literature and ours are excellent, this technique is miniinvasive with a low complication rate. In our opinion it is the management of choice.

title: [Successfully combined management of the abberant retroesophageal arteria subcalvia dextra XXXX (arteria lusoria)].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmatic dilated right subclavian artery', 'Aneurysmatic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['Aberrant right subclavian artery', 'aberrant right subclavian artery']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch anomaly']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Kommerell's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Targeted biologic therapy has been proven to be effective compared to the current therapy of metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) in clinical studies as well as in actual clinical practice, but its high cost is a potentially limiting factor. Since the local cost-effectiveness analysis is missing, we assessed the cost of @entity2240 and @entity2857 in the treatment of mRCC in a comprehensive @entity5 centre. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 31 @entity1 were treated with @entity2240 and/or @entity2857 between 06/2006 and 09/2009 and then followed for at least 12 months. Clinical (disease progression, adverse events, dose reduction) and cost data (medication, examination, hospitalization) were assessed in the comprehensive @entity5 centre (1 @entity7634 = 25.78 CZK). RESULTS: The multikinase inhibitors were the second line treatment for most @entity1 after @entity13089 therapy failure (86.7%). The mean cost per month to progression ( @entity1726 ) was 94,141.8 CZK/3651.7 @entity7634 ( @entity2240 : 11 months to @entity1726 , cost to @entity1726 1,267,648.5 CZK/49,171.8 @entity7634 ; @entity2857 : 8 months to @entity1726 , cost to @entity1726 896,670.1 CZK / 34,781.6 @entity7634 ). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 123,659.5 CZK / 4796.7 @entity7634 per progression-free month in @entity2240 vs @entity2857 @entity1 . The mean cost per month after @entity1726 was 45,767.0 CZK/1775.3 @entity7634 with sequential therapy ( @entity2857 after @entity2240 failure and vice-versa in more than half of @entity1 ) or best supportive care. 16 @entity1 died during the study period with mean cost of 1,180,795.4CZK/45,802.8 @entity7634 per 12 months (median between treatment initiation with @entity2240 or @entity2857 and @entity204 ). 8 @entity1 (26%) did not achieve progression (median progression-free survival to 09/2009: @entity2240 18 months, @entity2857 14 months). CONCLUSION: The cost of medication made up more than 95% of total costs to @entity1726 and more than 90% after @entity1726 . The cost per progression-free month was 123,659.5 CZK/4796.7 @entity7634 in mRCC @entity1 treated with @entity2240 vs @entity2857 .

title: [Economic evaluation of targeted biologic therapy in metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In primary @entity320 , the sentinel node (SN) biopsy is an accurate method for the staging of the lymph nodes. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been suggested as a useful alternative. However, the sensitivity of PET may be too low to detect SN @entity3 , which are often small. AIM: To predict the value of PET for initial lymph node staging in @entity320 based on morphometric analysis of SN metastatic load, without exposing @entity1 to PET. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 59 SN positive @entity1 with @entity320 , the sizes of @entity5 deposits in the SNs and subsequent dissection specimens were measured by morphometry and correlated with the detection limits of current and future PET scanners. RESULTS: The median @entity5 volume within the basin was 0.15 mm(3) (range, 0.0001-118.86). Seventy per cent of these deposits were smaller than 1 mm(3). State of the art PET scanners that have a resolution of about 5 mm would detect only 15-49% of positive basins. Logistic regression analysis revealed no pretest indicators identifying @entity1 expected to have a positive PET. However, the SN @entity5 load was a significant and single predictor of the presence of PET detectable @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Morphometric analysis of metastatic load predicts that PET scanning is unable to detect most metastatic deposits in sentinel lymph nodes of @entity1 with @entity320 because the @entity3 are often small. Therefore, the SN biopsy remains the preferred method for initial regional staging.

title: How morphometric analysis of metastatic load predicts the (un)usefulness of PET scanning: the case of lymph node staging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spectrum of @entity8 in older adults remains incompletely defined. The purpose of the present study was to determine if differences exist in diagnostic approach, etiology, therapy, and outcome between older (> or = 60 years) and younger (<60 years) @entity1 referred for evaluation of @entity644 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of outpatient office charts in a 7-physician, hospital-based nephrology practice. RESULTS: We identified 69 @entity1 with at least 1 subsequent follow-up assessment after reviewing approximately 500 sequential charts. Forty-five were younger (mean +/- SD age, 38 +/- 2 years), and 24 were older (69 +/- 1 years). The degree of @entity644 at presentation was similar (4.5 +/- 0.7 vs 3.9 +/- 0.6 g/d, older vs younger, p = NS), but older @entity1 had higher @entity1011 levels (1.7 +/- 0.2 vs 1.2 +/- 0.07 mg/dl, p <.01), lower @entity1011 clearances (64 +/- 7 vs 111 +/- 7 ml/min., p <.05), and higher systolic blood pressure (164 +/- 8/88 +/- 2 vs 145 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mm Hg, p <.01). Older @entity1 were more likely to decline a renal biopsy (21% vs 7.6%, p <.01). The most common final renal diagnoses were immunoglobulin A @entity8 (31%), @entity628 (24%), @entity101 (13%), and @entity8 (11%) in the younger @entity1 , and @entity8 (29%), @entity101 (25%), @entity2316 (17%), and @entity1987 (8%) in the older @entity1 . @entity230 were given to 17.7% of younger @entity1 and 16.7% of older @entity1 (p = NS). The percentage of @entity1 with improvement, defined as a 50% reduction in @entity644 with stable or improved renal function, was similar among older and younger @entity1 (33.3% vs 35.5%). However, older @entity1 were more likely to develop progression of @entity8 (33.3% vs 8.8%) and less likely to retain stable renal function (29.2% vs 53.3%). CONCLUSION: Significant differences exist in @entity8 between older and younger adults.

title: Evaluation and outcome of XXXX in older and younger adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy', 'renal disease', 'proteinuric renal disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The co-occurrence of severe @entity1032 and @entity734 , or dual diagnosis, is prevalent and is associated with significant clinical and social problems. Most studies have treated @entity1 with a dual diagnosis as a homogeneous population, grouping together different substances of misuse. This study investigated whether subgroups defined by their main substances of misuse were heterogeneous. The primary hypothesis was that users of stimulants, such as @entity2072 or @entity889 , would be characterized by especially high rates of inpatient admission, violence, and self-harm. METHODS: Case managers' ratings were used to identify individuals with serious @entity1032 and comorbid substance abuse or @entity734 who were being treated by 13 community mental health teams in South London. Standardized instruments were used to elicit sociodemographic, clinical, social, and service use data. RESULTS: A total of 233 cases of comorbid @entity734 and @entity716 were identified. On the basis of best available information, 78 (34 percent) @entity1 were classified as @entity167 misusers only, 52 (22 percent) as @entity167 and @entity835 users, 29 (12 percent) as users of @entity835 only, and 55 (24 percent) as stimulant users; 19 @entity1 (8 percent) were excluded from the analysis. No significant differences were found between subgroups in the use of inpatient services and lifetime history of self-harm, but there was a significant difference in lifetime history of violence, which was more frequent among stimulant users. The @entity167 users were older and more likely to be white, but otherwise few differences between subgroups were suggested by exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from differences in history of violence, little heterogeneity was found among subgroups of @entity1 with different types of substance misuse.

title: Characteristics of subgroups of individuals with @entity716 and a comorbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance use disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The co-occurrence of severe @entity1032 and @entity734 , or dual diagnosis, is prevalent and is associated with significant clinical and social problems. Most studies have treated @entity1 with a dual diagnosis as a homogeneous population, grouping together different substances of misuse. This study investigated whether subgroups defined by their main substances of misuse were heterogeneous. The primary hypothesis was that users of stimulants, such as @entity2072 or @entity889 , would be characterized by especially high rates of inpatient admission, violence, and self-harm. METHODS: Case managers' ratings were used to identify individuals with serious @entity1032 and comorbid substance abuse or @entity734 who were being treated by 13 community mental health teams in South London. Standardized instruments were used to elicit sociodemographic, clinical, social, and service use data. RESULTS: A total of 233 cases of comorbid @entity734 and @entity716 were identified. On the basis of best available information, 78 (34 percent) @entity1 were classified as @entity167 misusers only, 52 (22 percent) as @entity167 and @entity835 users, 29 (12 percent) as users of @entity835 only, and 55 (24 percent) as stimulant users; 19 @entity1 (8 percent) were excluded from the analysis. No significant differences were found between subgroups in the use of inpatient services and lifetime history of self-harm, but there was a significant difference in lifetime history of violence, which was more frequent among stimulant users. The @entity167 users were older and more likely to be white, but otherwise few differences between subgroups were suggested by exploratory analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from differences in history of violence, little heterogeneity was found among subgroups of @entity1 with different types of substance misuse.

title: Characteristics of subgroups of individuals with XXXX and a comorbid @entity734 .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is little information about early outcome after intravenous application of tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) for @entity64 @entity1 treated in community-based settings. We investigated the association between @entity865 therapy and in-hospital mortality in a pooled analysis of German @entity64 registers. METHODS: @entity385 @entity1 admitted to hospitals cooperating within the German @entity64 Registers Study Group (ADSR) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, were analyzed. The ADSR is a network of regional @entity64 registers, combining data from 104 @entity4207 and community hospitals throughout Germany. @entity1 treated with @entity865 were matched to @entity1 not receiving @entity865 on the basis of propensity scores and were analyzed with conditional logistic regression. Analyses were stratified for hospital experience with the administration of @entity865 . RESULTS: A total of 13,440 @entity385 @entity1 were included. Of these, 384 @entity1 (3%) were treated with @entity865 . In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for @entity1 treated with @entity865 compared with @entity1 not receiving @entity865 (11.7% versus 4.5%, respectively; P<0.0001). After matching for propensity score, overall risk of @entity204 was still increased for @entity1 treated with @entity865 (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8). @entity1 receiving @entity865 in hospitals that administered <or=5 thrombolytic therapies in 2000 had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 9.9). No significant influence of @entity865 use for risk of @entity204 was found in hospitals administering >5 thrombolytic treatments per year (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital mortality of @entity385 @entity1 after @entity865 use varied between hospitals with different experience in @entity865 treatment in routine clinical practice. Our study suggested that thrombolytic therapy in hospitals with limited experience in its application increase the risk of in-hospital mortality.

title: Frequency of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity385 and the risk of in-hospital mortality: the German XXXX Registers Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['inpatient death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is little information about early outcome after intravenous application of tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) for @entity64 @entity1 treated in community-based settings. We investigated the association between @entity865 therapy and in-hospital mortality in a pooled analysis of German @entity64 registers. METHODS: @entity385 @entity1 admitted to hospitals cooperating within the German @entity64 Registers Study Group (ADSR) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, were analyzed. The ADSR is a network of regional @entity64 registers, combining data from 104 @entity4207 and community hospitals throughout Germany. @entity1 treated with @entity865 were matched to @entity1 not receiving @entity865 on the basis of propensity scores and were analyzed with conditional logistic regression. Analyses were stratified for hospital experience with the administration of @entity865 . RESULTS: A total of 13,440 @entity385 @entity1 were included. Of these, 384 @entity1 (3%) were treated with @entity865 . In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for @entity1 treated with @entity865 compared with @entity1 not receiving @entity865 (11.7% versus 4.5%, respectively; P<0.0001). After matching for propensity score, overall risk of @entity204 was still increased for @entity1 treated with @entity865 (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8). @entity1 receiving @entity865 in hospitals that administered <or=5 thrombolytic therapies in 2000 had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 9.9). No significant influence of @entity865 use for risk of @entity204 was found in hospitals administering >5 thrombolytic treatments per year (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital mortality of @entity385 @entity1 after @entity865 use varied between hospitals with different experience in @entity865 treatment in routine clinical practice. Our study suggested that thrombolytic therapy in hospitals with limited experience in its application increase the risk of in-hospital mortality.

title: Frequency of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 with acute XXXX and the risk of in-hospital mortality: the German @entity64 Registers Study Group.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is little information about early outcome after intravenous application of tissue-type plasminogen activator ( @entity865 ) for @entity64 @entity1 treated in community-based settings. We investigated the association between @entity865 therapy and in-hospital mortality in a pooled analysis of German @entity64 registers. METHODS: @entity385 @entity1 admitted to hospitals cooperating within the German @entity64 Registers Study Group (ADSR) between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000, were analyzed. The ADSR is a network of regional @entity64 registers, combining data from 104 @entity4207 and community hospitals throughout Germany. @entity1 treated with @entity865 were matched to @entity1 not receiving @entity865 on the basis of propensity scores and were analyzed with conditional logistic regression. Analyses were stratified for hospital experience with the administration of @entity865 . RESULTS: A total of 13,440 @entity385 @entity1 were included. Of these, 384 @entity1 (3%) were treated with @entity865 . In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for @entity1 treated with @entity865 compared with @entity1 not receiving @entity865 (11.7% versus 4.5%, respectively; P<0.0001). After matching for propensity score, overall risk of @entity204 was still increased for @entity1 treated with @entity865 (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8). @entity1 receiving @entity865 in hospitals that administered <or=5 thrombolytic therapies in 2000 had an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 9.9). No significant influence of @entity865 use for risk of @entity204 was found in hospitals administering >5 thrombolytic treatments per year (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital mortality of @entity385 @entity1 after @entity865 use varied between hospitals with different experience in @entity865 treatment in routine clinical practice. Our study suggested that thrombolytic therapy in hospitals with limited experience in its application increase the risk of in-hospital mortality.

title: Frequency of thrombolytic therapy in XXXX with acute @entity385 and the risk of in-hospital mortality: the German @entity64 Registers Study Group.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reports on prevalence rates of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity1 with @entity13797 ( @entity13797 ) have varied widely. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the prevalence rates of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity13797 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A computer search was conducted through the PubMed from 1950 to June 2015 using key words or search terms of @entity299 , @entity13797 , @entity3384 and prevalence. RESULTS: The search resulted in nine studies with 598 @entity299 cases identified in 5,707 @entity1 with @entity13797 . The prevalence of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity13797 ranged from 3.9% to 23.9%. The five prospective studies had prevalence rates of 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9 to 13.2) whilst the four retrospective studies had prevalence rates of 8.6% (95% CI: 7.5 to 9.8). Concerning the prospective studies, the newborn study had a higher prevalence than those of other childhood studies [23.9% vs. 11.5% (95% CI: 10.4 to 12.7)]. The newborn study with the use of echocardiography had a higher prevalence than those without using echocardiography (23.9% vs. 12.8%). @entity118 was the most frequent CHD found. CONCLUSION: CHD is commonly found in a @entity1 with @entity15853 . Echocardiography should be used to assess CHD in @entity1 with @entity13797 .

title: Prevalence of Congenital XXXX in @entity1 with Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13797 :: ('MESH:C566121', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial clefts', 'OFCs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases', 'CHDs']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip/palate']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reports on prevalence rates of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in @entity1 with @entity13797 ( @entity13797 ) have varied widely. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the prevalence rates of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity13797 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A computer search was conducted through the PubMed from 1950 to June 2015 using key words or search terms of @entity299 , @entity13797 , @entity3384 and prevalence. RESULTS: The search resulted in nine studies with 598 @entity299 cases identified in 5,707 @entity1 with @entity13797 . The prevalence of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity13797 ranged from 3.9% to 23.9%. The five prospective studies had prevalence rates of 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9 to 13.2) whilst the four retrospective studies had prevalence rates of 8.6% (95% CI: 7.5 to 9.8). Concerning the prospective studies, the newborn study had a higher prevalence than those of other childhood studies [23.9% vs. 11.5% (95% CI: 10.4 to 12.7)]. The newborn study with the use of echocardiography had a higher prevalence than those without using echocardiography (23.9% vs. 12.8%). @entity118 was the most frequent CHD found. CONCLUSION: CHD is commonly found in a @entity1 with @entity15853 . Echocardiography should be used to assess CHD in @entity1 with @entity13797 .

title: Prevalence of Congenital @entity299 in XXXX with Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the accuracy of the @entity2790 calculation by @entity6755 /T formula in pediatric @entity231 @entity1 , by means of the @entity2246 after the @entity231 surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective review of pediatric @entity1 requiring @entity231 extraction with @entity2790 implantation, between January 2006 and December 2013 was performed. Post-operative spherical equivalent was compared with the predicted calculation value from pre-operative @entity6755 /T measurement, defined as @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). RESULTS: 139 eyes from 106 @entity1 were studied. The median age of @entity1 at surgery was 4.56 years (IQR, 14). The two most common causes of @entity231 were @entity735 (25.9%), respectively. Primary @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation was performed in 87 (62.6%) eyes. The mean @entity2246 was -1.32  1.89 D (-7.78, 2.24). At one to three months after surgery, the mean @entity2246 of @entity2790 in bag and sulcus were -0.87 D and -2.02 D, respectively. In non-traumatic group, the mean @entity2246 of @entity2790 in bag and sulcus were -1.1 D and 2.28 D, respectively, whilst the traumatic group was -0.33 D and -1.16 D, respectively. Post-operative @entity2246 within   1 diopter was found in 30 eyes (37.97%) at one to three months of follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The majority of post-operative refraction was more myopic than the taigeted @entity2516 , which was calculated by @entity6755 /T formula. Aiming for a more hyperopic target and @entity2790 implantation in the bag would decrease the post-operative @entity2246 in the use of the @entity6755 /T formnula in pediatric @entity231 @entity1 .

title: Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Calculation by XXXX /T Formula in Pediatric Cataracts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic and traumatic; 85 eyes (61.2%) and 36 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['prediction error', 'PE']

answer: @entity6755 :: (7535,Gene) :: ['SRK']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: to analyze @entity1 -related factors that may influence adherence in @entity1 with @entity712 in an African cardiology department. This prospective observational study took place in the in- @entity1 department of the Abidjan cardiology institute and enrolled consecutive @entity1 hospitalized for decompensated @entity712 from January to November 2014. The inclusion criteria were @entity712 in @entity1 older than 18  years, developing for at least 6  months and treated by medication. The revised @entity712 compliance questionnaire was used. The study included 121  @entity1 . Overall adherence was poor in 88.4% of @entity1 . Multiple linear regression analyses showed that use of traditional medicine was associated with poor adherence for the following 3 components: keeping follow-up appointments, medication intake, and @entity1372 limitations. Overall adherence increased with the number of hospitalizations (OR  =  1.69, 95% CI 1.13-2.53; p  =  0.01). This increase persisted after adjustment for age, sex, educational level, marital status, medical insurance coverage and the use of alternative medicines (traditional and Chinese) (OR  =  1.70; CI 1.12-2.28; p  =  0.01). Adherence among black Africans with @entity712 remains poor, influenced too much by traditional medicine. Therapeutic education is essential to improve @entity1 ' knowledge about their disease and its treatment.

title: Assessment of treatment adherence among black Africans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: This paper aims to understand the transaction costs implications of two different governance modes for large scale contracting of @entity645 prevention services to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in 2 states in India as part of the National @entity791 Control Programme between 2001 and 2003. Interviews at purposively selected case study NGOs, contracting agencies and key informants as well as document review were used to compile qualitative data and make comparisons between the states on five themes theoretically proposed to shape transaction costs: institutional environment, informational problems, opportunism, scale of activity and asset specificity (the degree to which investments made specifically for the contract have value elsewhere). The @entity791 ( @entity791 ) in state Y used a management agency to manage the NGO contracts whereas the @entity791 in state X contracted directly with the NGOs. A high level of uncertainty, endemic corruption and weak information systems served to weaken the contractual relationships in both states. The management agency in state Y enabled the development of a strong NGO network, greater transparency and control over corrupt practises than the contract model in state X. State X's contractual process was further weakened by inadequate @entity1 resources. The application of the transaction cost framework to contracting out public services to NGOs identified the key costs associated with the governance of @entity645 prevention services through NGO contracts in India. A more successful form of relational contract evolved within the network of the contract management agency and the NGOs. This led to improved flows of information and perceived quality, and limited corrupt practises. It is unlikely that the @entity791 on its own, with broader responsibilities and limited autonomy can achieve the same ends. The management agency approach therefore appears to be both transaction cost reducing and better able to cope with the large scale of these contracting programmes.

title: What can transaction costs tell us about governance in the delivery of large scale XXXX prevention programmes in southern India?

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['SACS', 'AIDS', 'State AIDS Control Society']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: AIMS: To establish the ability of the rhamnolipids biosurfactants from @entity796 , in the presence and absence of @entity6212 and @entity620 , to disrupt bacterial biofilms, compared with the anionic @entity72579 surfactant @entity3208 ( @entity214 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity796 ATCC 15442 biofilms were disrupted by rhamnolipids at concentrations between 0.5 and 0.4g/L and with @entity214 at 0.8g/L. The combination of rhamnolipids 0.4g/L and @entity6212 at 0.1 g/L showed a remarkable effect on biofilm disruption and cell killing. After 30 min of treatment most of the biofilm was disrupted and cell viability was significantly reduced. Neither @entity6212 nor @entity620 has any effect on biofilm disruption at 0.1g/L. @entity214 is an effective antimicrobial agent, however in the presence of @entity6212 its effect was neutralised. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that rhamnolipids at low concentration in the presence of @entity6212 are promising molecules for inhibition/disruption of biofilms formed by @entity796 ATCC 15442. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The disruption of biofilms has major significance in many industrial and domestic cleaning applications and in medical situations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX biofilm disruption using microbial surfactants.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['caprylic acid']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity72579 :: ('CHEBI:29281', 'Chemical') :: ['alkyl sulfate']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective, randomized, controlled single center study was designed to evaluate clinical efficacy of a @entity25107 containing bio-cellulose dressing (group B) compared to a @entity1217 cream (group A) in sixty partial-thickness burn @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Local ethics committee approval was obtained and @entity1 consented. Parameters were: @entity158 reduction (VAS), healing time and wound bed condition, comparing day 0 (start) versus day 14 (end), as well as, ease of dressing use and treatment costs. RESULTS: All completed the study (n=30/n=30) and were included in the ITT analysis, with a total of 72 burns (group A: n=38, group B: n=34). We noted no differences in healing time. @entity158 reduction was significantly faster and better in group B (p<0.01). There were fewer dressing changes in group B, compared to group A. Ease of use for the bio-cellulose dressing was rated better compared to group A. In group B,     95.20 was saved for a 10 day treatment period, compared to group A. CONCLUSION: Group B demonstrated a better and faster @entity158 reduction in the treated @entity121 , compared to group A. The results indicate the @entity25107 containing bio-cellulose dressing to be a safe and cost effective treatment for @entity121 .

title: Randomized controlled single center study comparing a XXXX containing bio-cellulose dressing with @entity1217 cream in partial-thickness dermal burns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity25107 :: ('MESH:C012599', 'Chemical') :: ['polyhexanide']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver-sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['partial-thickness burns']

answer: @entity25107 :: (MESH:C012599,Chemical) :: ['polyhexanide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective, randomized, controlled single center study was designed to evaluate clinical efficacy of a @entity25107 containing bio-cellulose dressing (group B) compared to a @entity1217 cream (group A) in sixty partial-thickness burn @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Local ethics committee approval was obtained and @entity1 consented. Parameters were: @entity158 reduction (VAS), healing time and wound bed condition, comparing day 0 (start) versus day 14 (end), as well as, ease of dressing use and treatment costs. RESULTS: All completed the study (n=30/n=30) and were included in the ITT analysis, with a total of 72 burns (group A: n=38, group B: n=34). We noted no differences in healing time. @entity158 reduction was significantly faster and better in group B (p<0.01). There were fewer dressing changes in group B, compared to group A. Ease of use for the bio-cellulose dressing was rated better compared to group A. In group B,     95.20 was saved for a 10 day treatment period, compared to group A. CONCLUSION: Group B demonstrated a better and faster @entity158 reduction in the treated @entity121 , compared to group A. The results indicate the @entity25107 containing bio-cellulose dressing to be a safe and cost effective treatment for @entity121 .

title: Randomized controlled single center study comparing a @entity25107 containing bio-cellulose dressing with XXXX cream in partial-thickness dermal burns.

answer: @entity1217 :: (MESH:D012837,Chemical) :: ['silver sulfadiazine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of specimen radiography in evaluating the surgical margins of impalpable @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study from June 2009 to June 2010 in Orleans Hospital Center. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study involved @entity1 with impalpable in situ @entity0 diagnosed by mammography. Only @entity1 with larger in situ @entity189 than @entity189 were included. @entity1 underwent a breast conserving surgery after preoperative localization of the lesion. PRIMARY ENDPOINT: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the specimen radiography are determined by correlation between radiologic and histologic margins. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The following results were obtained from 46 @entity1 : 36 @entity3821 cases (78%), six @entity3821 with IDC cases (13%), two LCIS cases (4%) and two biopsy suggested @entity3821 (4%). A radiologic margin of 2mm (by analogy with the histological margins) results in a NPV of 73%. NPV, sensibility and specificity were respectively 79, 60 and 74% for a radiologic margin of 5mm. The measure or inter-rater reliability found a moderate agreement (kappa: 0.62). The systematic review on this topic found only eight articles (small samples and only two prospective studies). We could not make any recommendations from the literature review on a threshold to define excision margin status. CONCLUSION: The specimen radiography is a useful tool to assess margins of impalpable @entity0 . However, further studies are necessary as this point to determine a threshold for those radiologic margins.

title: [Specimen radiography assessment of surgical margins status in subclinical XXXX : a diagnostic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']