abstract: @entity15617 is a @entity4670 caused by changes in @entity920 metabolism derived from mutations in the @entity34001 gene. It is characterized by physical and neurological alterations. In the neonatal period, these alterations can be nonspecific, which makes early diagnosis a challenge. Diagnosis can be suspected when there are low levels of ceruloplasmin and serum @entity920 . Molecular analysis confirms the diagnosis. Treatment is parenteral administration of @entity52353 . We report a familial case with molecular confirmation. The proband had clinical and biochemical suspicious. Treatment with @entity52353 was indicated, but initiated at the age of 2 months and 27 days only. He did not present improvements and died at 6 months. The mother became pregnant again, a male fetus was identified and @entity52353 was manufactured during pregnancy. He was born healthy, biochemical markers were reduced and treatment was indicated. Molecular analysis was performed confirming mutation in both the mother and the proband, while the other son did not have mutation, so treatment was discontinued. We support the clinical relevance of molecular confirmation for the correct diagnosis and genetic counseling, once clinical findings in the neonatal period are nonspecific and early treatment with parenteral @entity52353 must be indicated.

title: XXXX : importance of diagnosis with molecular analysis in the neonatal period.

entities_list: @entity52353 :: ('MESH:C098468', 'Chemical') :: ['copper histidine']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorder']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['Menkes disease']

answer: @entity15617 :: (MESH:D007706,Disease) :: ['Menkes disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic arch surgery for @entity1 with @entity697 is frequently complicated by excessive @entity548 and transfusion of allogeneic blood products. However, the physiopathology of @entity697 and surgery-induced @entity1003 has never been precisely studied. The aim of the present study is to describe the changes of the perioperative hemostatic system in @entity1 with @entity697 undergoing aortic arch surgery. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 undergoing emergent aortic arch surgery for Stanford type A @entity697 were enrolled in this study from January 2013 to September 2014. The hemostatic system was evaluated using standard laboratory tests, plasma @entity2002 levels, and thromboelastogragh at 5 time points: anesthesia induction (T0), lowest nasopharyngeal temperature (T1), protamine reversal (T2), 4 h after surgery (T3), and on the first postoperative day (T4). RESULTS: The study results revealed that clotting factors had a tendency to be consumed in the preoperative period. Surgery and @entity2332 resulted in a progressive reduction in clotting factors, platelet counts, and function, as well as @entity2002 concentration and function. After hemostatic therapy, although platelet counts were constantly low, clotting factors and platelet function returned to nearly preoperative levels. In contrast, @entity2002 concentration and function were still significantly lower than preoperative levels. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this prospective analysis showed that @entity697 itself activated the hemostatic system even before surgery. After hemostatic therapy, fibrin formation was more @entity73 . In this setting, we proposed that hemostatic therapy should focus on rapid and sufficient supplementation of @entity2002 . Thus, we recommend further increases in @entity2002 concentration to improve @entity1003 in @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Changes in the Hemostatic System of XXXX With  Acute Aortic Dissection Undergoing Aortic  Arch Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired than platelet function']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In invasive extramammary @entity4261 (EMPD), distant @entity3 may develop and the condition may become fatal; however, no standardized treatment has been established. Although based on only a few cases, several chemotherapy regimens were reported to be promising. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1205 for metastatic EMPD. We retrospectively collected data on 18 metastatic EMPD @entity1 treated using @entity1205 from 1998 to 2012 in 12 institutes in Japan. The following clinical data were collected: @entity5 response, time to progression, overall survival and adverse effects. Of those, three @entity1 treated combined with S-1, one @entity1 treated with weekly schedule and one @entity1 treated combined with radiotherapy were excluded from the further analysis. All 13 @entity1 received monthly @entity1205 as the first-line treatment. The average number of treatment cycles was 9.1. Among the 12 @entity1 with a confirmed response, seven (58%) showed a partial response, three (25%) stable disease and two (17%) progressive disease. The disease control rate (partial response + stable disease) was as high as 83%. The time to progression and median overall survival were 7.1 and 16.6 months, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rate determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was 75.0%. All adverse effects were manageable and no treatment-related deaths were observed. The high disease control rate and overall survival shown by this study suggest that first-line use of @entity1205 may be a promising treatment for metastatic EMPD. A prospective clinical trial is required to confirm our results.

title: Usefulness of @entity1205 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic extramammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In invasive extramammary @entity4261 (EMPD), distant @entity3 may develop and the condition may become fatal; however, no standardized treatment has been established. Although based on only a few cases, several chemotherapy regimens were reported to be promising. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1205 for metastatic EMPD. We retrospectively collected data on 18 metastatic EMPD @entity1 treated using @entity1205 from 1998 to 2012 in 12 institutes in Japan. The following clinical data were collected: @entity5 response, time to progression, overall survival and adverse effects. Of those, three @entity1 treated combined with S-1, one @entity1 treated with weekly schedule and one @entity1 treated combined with radiotherapy were excluded from the further analysis. All 13 @entity1 received monthly @entity1205 as the first-line treatment. The average number of treatment cycles was 9.1. Among the 12 @entity1 with a confirmed response, seven (58%) showed a partial response, three (25%) stable disease and two (17%) progressive disease. The disease control rate (partial response + stable disease) was as high as 83%. The time to progression and median overall survival were 7.1 and 16.6 months, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rate determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was 75.0%. All adverse effects were manageable and no treatment-related deaths were observed. The high disease control rate and overall survival shown by this study suggest that first-line use of @entity1205 may be a promising treatment for metastatic EMPD. A prospective clinical trial is required to confirm our results.

title: Usefulness of XXXX as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic extramammary @entity4261 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: In eleven @entity1 with @entity1580 or perforated endocarditic aortic wall abscess cavity, the diagnostic usefulness of Color Doppler Echocardiography (CDE) for the identification of true and false lumen as well as the perforation jet was assessed by comparison with the findings of angiography, digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography and surgery. The information gained in addition to that of these procedures, as well as to that of the four conventional echocardiographic techniques was evaluated. Six @entity1 had @entity1580 or III; in all of them the diagnosis had been established with conventional ultrasonic techniques. Similarly, in all @entity1 with @entity1580 , a clear differentiation between true and false lumen in the aortic root and ascending aorta could already be made by grey-scaled echocardiography. In these @entity1 , however, CDE made the additional demonstration of the perforation jet into the false lumen possible. In those three @entity1 with @entity1580 of @entity164 as well as in the abdominal aortic region of DeBakey type I, color Doppler echocardiography was the only method to define true and false lumen and to clearly localize the perforation sites. Two further @entity1 were found to have a small, local dissection, which could only be assumed by conventional echocardiography; the color Doppler M-mode image led to a clear diagnosis. In three @entity1 an @entity733 of the aortic wall could be detected by conventional echocardiography. Two-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography additionally enabled us to visualize the presence and the course of perforation flows. In two @entity1 color-coded Doppler echocardiography made it possible to detect perforations in regions which could not be localized either with conventional echocardiographic techniques or the above-mentioned control procedures.

title: [Color Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of XXXX and aortic wall abscesses].

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['DeBakey type III']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditic abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections of DeBakey type I', 'aortic dissection of DeBakey type I', 'aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess whether various parameters of the extension of @entity337 with color Doppler imaging are comparable with angiographic techniques for classification of severity. In 39 @entity1 with @entity337 , 14 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 , mean age 53 +/- 14 years, Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed prospectively for determination of length, width and area of the maximal extension of regurgitant flow (Figure 1). Angiographic assessment of severity showed grade I regurgitation in nine, grade II in 14, grade III in twelve, and grade IV in four @entity1 . The length of regurgitant flow in the color Doppler image showed an increasing tendency with increasing angiographic severity (r = 0.38, SEE = 13 mm), however, for various grades of severity, there was clear overlap. The area of regurgitation, similarly, due to substantial overlap, correlated only weakly with the angiographic data (r = 0.54, SEE = 196 mm2). To date, there is not theoretical basis for a correlation of the length and area of regurgitant flow with the severity and experimental studies have shown that there is no simple relationship. The best correlation was found for the width of the regurgitant flow (r = 0.63, SEE = 3 mm), however, here as well, there was clear overlap of data such that there was no statistically significant difference between grades II and III. Unequivocal differentiation of the values could only be achieved between grades I and IV. Based on a width of 7 mm, high-grade regurgitation could be detected with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 74%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Grading of the XXXX with the color Doppler echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Duration of a stay in an @entity341 ( @entity341 ) is considered a measure of quality, but current measures average lengths of stay across all conditions. Previous research on @entity341 length of stay has been limited to a single condition or a few hospitals. We use a census of one state's data to measure length of @entity341 stays by @entity1 ' conditions and dispositions and explore differences between means and medians as quality metrics. METHODS: The data source was the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2011 State Emergency Department Databases and State Inpatient Databases for Florida. Florida is unique in collecting @entity341 length of stay for both released and admitted @entity1 . Clinical Classifications Software was used to group visits based on first-listed International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification, diagnoses. RESULTS: For the 10 most common diagnoses, @entity1 with relatively minor injuries typically required the shortest mean stay (3 hours or less); conditions resulting in admission or transfer tended to be more serious, resulting in longer stays. @entity1 requiring the longest stays, by disposition, had discharge diagnoses of nonspecific @entity662 (mean 7.4 hours among discharged @entity1 ), @entity293 (4.8 hours among admissions), and @entity161 (9.6 hours among transfers) among the top 10 diagnoses. CONCLUSION: Emergency department length of stay as a measure of @entity341 quality should take into account the considerable variation by condition and disposition of the @entity1 . Emergency department length of stay measurement could be improved in the United States by standardizing its definition; distinguishing visits involving treatment, observation, and boarding; and incorporating more distributional information.

title: Length of stay in EDs: variation across classifications of clinical condition and XXXX discharge disposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: If the aortic arch is clamped between the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery and the brachiocephalic trunk is also clamped, the total ascending aorta can be replaced without @entity1167 . Candidates for this technique need to have the following characteristics: preoperative demonstration of Willis polygon patency by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, preoperative computed tomographic scan that shows no calcification in the arch or in the brachiocephalic trunk, and preoperative or intraoperative evidence of separate origins of the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. METHODS: In three different institutions (with different time frames in each) from December 2000 to December 2001, the possibility of replacing the total ascending aorta without @entity1167 was evaluated in 14 cases. In 10 of them it was possible (feasibility of 71.4%). During the procedure continuous electroencephalographic monitoring was performed. RESULTS: No @entity1 died in the early or midterm follow-up. None of the @entity1 had any cerebral complications. The electroencephalographic activity was normal during the period of brachiocephalic trunk occlusion. In 5 @entity1 a postoperative spiral computed tomographic scan showed good surgical results. CONCLUSIONS: The technique described here allows replacement of the total ascending aorta without @entity1167 in selected cases. Furthermore, the evidence of lack of right @entity1779 in all the procedures we performed allows future exploration of the possibility of avoiding cerebral monitoring.

title: Total replacement of the ascending aorta without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: In a few @entity1 , 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) derived from reduced-lead-set configurations do not match the standard ECG. Constructing an ECG from a reduced number of standard leads should minimize this problem because some of the resultant 12 leads would always include "true" standard leads. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of a new reduced-lead-set 12-lead ECG ("interpolated" ECG) with the standard ECG to diagnose @entity943 and @entity741 . The interpolated ECG uses six standard electrode sites (limb leads plus @entity16728 and V(5)), from which the remaining four precordial leads ( @entity11759 , V(3), V(4), and V(6)) are constructed. Standard and interpolated ECGs were compared using data from 2 prospective clinical trials involving 649 @entity1 evaluated for 1) @entity662 in the emergency department ( @entity63 group, n = 509) or 2) @entity591 in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory ( @entity943 group, n = 140). Diagnoses were identical between standard and interpolated ECGs for bundle branch and @entity714 , left @entity1283 , @entity8158 , prior inferior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and the distinction of @entity1165 from @entity4710 with @entity713 . There was 99% agreement for prior anterior @entity583 (kappa, .935, P =.000). The percent agreement for @entity741 on the initial ECG recorded in @entity662 @entity1 in the emergency department was 99.2% (kappa, .978, P =.000). Of the 120 @entity1 who had ST events with continuous standard 12-lead ECG monitoring, 116 (97%) also had criteria for transient @entity63 with the interpolated ECG (ie, DeltaST >or= 100 microV in >or=1 lead(s) lasting >or=1 minute(s). The interpolated 12-lead ECG is comparable to the standard ECG for diagnosing multiple @entity299 , including wide-QRS-complex @entity591 and @entity741 . The advantages of this ECG method are that the standard electrode sites are familiar to clinicians and that eight of the 12 leads are "true" standard leads. Hence, QRS-axis and morphology criteria for diagnosing wide-QRS-complex @entity591 and bundle branch and @entity714 are preserved.

title: Comparison of a new reduced lead set ECG with the standard ECG for diagnosing XXXX and @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest-pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular blocks']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant conduction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: In a few @entity1 , 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) derived from reduced-lead-set configurations do not match the standard ECG. Constructing an ECG from a reduced number of standard leads should minimize this problem because some of the resultant 12 leads would always include "true" standard leads. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of a new reduced-lead-set 12-lead ECG ("interpolated" ECG) with the standard ECG to diagnose @entity943 and @entity741 . The interpolated ECG uses six standard electrode sites (limb leads plus @entity16728 and V(5)), from which the remaining four precordial leads ( @entity11759 , V(3), V(4), and V(6)) are constructed. Standard and interpolated ECGs were compared using data from 2 prospective clinical trials involving 649 @entity1 evaluated for 1) @entity662 in the emergency department ( @entity63 group, n = 509) or 2) @entity591 in the cardiac electrophysiology laboratory ( @entity943 group, n = 140). Diagnoses were identical between standard and interpolated ECGs for bundle branch and @entity714 , left @entity1283 , @entity8158 , prior inferior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and the distinction of @entity1165 from @entity4710 with @entity713 . There was 99% agreement for prior anterior @entity583 (kappa, .935, P =.000). The percent agreement for @entity741 on the initial ECG recorded in @entity662 @entity1 in the emergency department was 99.2% (kappa, .978, P =.000). Of the 120 @entity1 who had ST events with continuous standard 12-lead ECG monitoring, 116 (97%) also had criteria for transient @entity63 with the interpolated ECG (ie, DeltaST >or= 100 microV in >or=1 lead(s) lasting >or=1 minute(s). The interpolated 12-lead ECG is comparable to the standard ECG for diagnosing multiple @entity299 , including wide-QRS-complex @entity591 and @entity741 . The advantages of this ECG method are that the standard electrode sites are familiar to clinicians and that eight of the 12 leads are "true" standard leads. Hence, QRS-axis and morphology criteria for diagnosing wide-QRS-complex @entity591 and bundle branch and @entity714 are preserved.

title: Comparison of a new reduced lead set ECG with the standard ECG for diagnosing @entity943 and XXXX .

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: @entity2664 ( @entity44727 ) has recently been introduced into @entity5 therapy as a possible substitute for the structurally related drug, @entity632 (ADR), because it causes less @entity1370 and fewer gastrointestinal side effects. However, the dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity44727 is pronounced @entity1398 . The in vitro hematoxicity of both drugs in granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM-CFCs) was analyzed using drug-exposure schedules analogous to the principles of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of @entity44727 . Bone-marrow and peripheral-blood cells were exposed to 0.075-20 ng/ml @entity44727 or ADR for 5, 20, 60, and 120 min, and for 14 days. The 14-day exposure resulted in Do values of 0.95 and 0.68 ng/ml for bone-marrow and peripheral-blood GM-CFCs subjected to @entity44727 . Exposure to ADR resulted in Do values of 5.43 and 5.13 ng/ml, respectively. As was the case after 14-day exposure to @entity44727 or ADR, short-term exposure again revealed that peripheral-blood GM-CFCs were more sensitive to both drugs. Moreover, at low concentrations, ADR was less toxic than @entity44727 in both types of GM-CFCs, but was more toxic than @entity44727 when a concentration of 20 ng/ml was used. The intracellular concentration of @entity44727 , as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was constantly below 1 ng per 2 X 10(7) cells, even when it was applied at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for an exposure time of 2 h. The fact that such low concentrations of @entity44727 are toxic for hemopoietic precursor cells may explain the myelotoxicity of this drug. However, the difference between the precursor-cell @entity137 of @entity44727 and that of ADR was small when their respective therapeutic doses were taken into consideration. Further analyses of their @entity137 in stem cells and/or the microenvironment would appear to be needed.

title: Comparative in vitro @entity137 of XXXX and @entity632 in human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: @entity2664 ( @entity44727 ) has recently been introduced into @entity5 therapy as a possible substitute for the structurally related drug, @entity632 (ADR), because it causes less @entity1370 and fewer gastrointestinal side effects. However, the dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity44727 is pronounced @entity1398 . The in vitro hematoxicity of both drugs in granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM-CFCs) was analyzed using drug-exposure schedules analogous to the principles of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of @entity44727 . Bone-marrow and peripheral-blood cells were exposed to 0.075-20 ng/ml @entity44727 or ADR for 5, 20, 60, and 120 min, and for 14 days. The 14-day exposure resulted in Do values of 0.95 and 0.68 ng/ml for bone-marrow and peripheral-blood GM-CFCs subjected to @entity44727 . Exposure to ADR resulted in Do values of 5.43 and 5.13 ng/ml, respectively. As was the case after 14-day exposure to @entity44727 or ADR, short-term exposure again revealed that peripheral-blood GM-CFCs were more sensitive to both drugs. Moreover, at low concentrations, ADR was less toxic than @entity44727 in both types of GM-CFCs, but was more toxic than @entity44727 when a concentration of 20 ng/ml was used. The intracellular concentration of @entity44727 , as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was constantly below 1 ng per 2 X 10(7) cells, even when it was applied at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for an exposure time of 2 h. The fact that such low concentrations of @entity44727 are toxic for hemopoietic precursor cells may explain the myelotoxicity of this drug. However, the difference between the precursor-cell @entity137 of @entity44727 and that of ADR was small when their respective therapeutic doses were taken into consideration. Further analyses of their @entity137 in stem cells and/or the microenvironment would appear to be needed.

title: Comparative in vitro XXXX of @entity2664 and @entity632 in human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells.

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: @entity2664 ( @entity44727 ) has recently been introduced into @entity5 therapy as a possible substitute for the structurally related drug, @entity632 (ADR), because it causes less @entity1370 and fewer gastrointestinal side effects. However, the dose-limiting @entity137 of @entity44727 is pronounced @entity1398 . The in vitro hematoxicity of both drugs in granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM-CFCs) was analyzed using drug-exposure schedules analogous to the principles of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of @entity44727 . Bone-marrow and peripheral-blood cells were exposed to 0.075-20 ng/ml @entity44727 or ADR for 5, 20, 60, and 120 min, and for 14 days. The 14-day exposure resulted in Do values of 0.95 and 0.68 ng/ml for bone-marrow and peripheral-blood GM-CFCs subjected to @entity44727 . Exposure to ADR resulted in Do values of 5.43 and 5.13 ng/ml, respectively. As was the case after 14-day exposure to @entity44727 or ADR, short-term exposure again revealed that peripheral-blood GM-CFCs were more sensitive to both drugs. Moreover, at low concentrations, ADR was less toxic than @entity44727 in both types of GM-CFCs, but was more toxic than @entity44727 when a concentration of 20 ng/ml was used. The intracellular concentration of @entity44727 , as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was constantly below 1 ng per 2 X 10(7) cells, even when it was applied at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for an exposure time of 2 h. The fact that such low concentrations of @entity44727 are toxic for hemopoietic precursor cells may explain the myelotoxicity of this drug. However, the difference between the precursor-cell @entity137 of @entity44727 and that of ADR was small when their respective therapeutic doses were taken into consideration. Further analyses of their @entity137 in stem cells and/or the microenvironment would appear to be needed.

title: Comparative in vitro @entity137 of @entity2664 and XXXX in human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells.

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this paper, we review the experience with @entity4899 in @entity302 and other @entity74 . Since the best available data are from the treatment of @entity3148 , we will focus primarily on this condition. Originally @entity4899 was launched as an anorectic agent. As early as 1985, @entity410 reduction in @entity1 could be demonstrated in a few cases with photosensitive, self-induced @entity302 . Hereafter, a small study was launched in @entity1 with self-induced @entity302 . Results showed a significant @entity410 reduction, and review of the @entity1 data showed that 5 of the 12 @entity1 had @entity3148 . During that observation period, @entity4899 was withdrawn from the market because of cardiovascular side effects associated with prescribing higher doses in combination with @entity21938 for @entity353 . In March 2002, a Belgian Royal Decree was issued permitting further study of @entity4899 in pediatric @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . In 2011 under the Royal Decree, a prospective study of @entity1 with @entity3148 treated with low-dose @entity4899 was initiated and is currently ongoing. The initial results are promising in terms of reduction of @entity410 frequency and overall tolerability.

title: Low-dose XXXX in the treatment of neurologic disorders: experience in @entity3148 .

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity21938 :: ('MESH:D010645', 'Chemical') :: ['phentermine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Dravet syndrome']

answer: @entity4899 :: (MESH:D005277,Chemical) :: ['fenfluramine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this paper, we review the experience with @entity4899 in @entity302 and other @entity74 . Since the best available data are from the treatment of @entity3148 , we will focus primarily on this condition. Originally @entity4899 was launched as an anorectic agent. As early as 1985, @entity410 reduction in @entity1 could be demonstrated in a few cases with photosensitive, self-induced @entity302 . Hereafter, a small study was launched in @entity1 with self-induced @entity302 . Results showed a significant @entity410 reduction, and review of the @entity1 data showed that 5 of the 12 @entity1 had @entity3148 . During that observation period, @entity4899 was withdrawn from the market because of cardiovascular side effects associated with prescribing higher doses in combination with @entity21938 for @entity353 . In March 2002, a Belgian Royal Decree was issued permitting further study of @entity4899 in pediatric @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . In 2011 under the Royal Decree, a prospective study of @entity1 with @entity3148 treated with low-dose @entity4899 was initiated and is currently ongoing. The initial results are promising in terms of reduction of @entity410 frequency and overall tolerability.

title: Low-dose @entity4899 in the treatment of neurologic disorders: experience in XXXX .

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['Dravet syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When a @entity1 with @entity543 presents emergently with acute @entity385 , the optimum treatment plan is not clearly defined. If intervention is warranted, and open surgery is prohibitive, endovascular revascularization may be performed. The use of stents places the @entity1 at additional risk due to their thrombogenic potential. The intent of this study was to compare outcomes following endovascular approaches (angioplasty alone vs. stent) in the setting of @entity64 . METHODS: We extracted a population from the National Inpatient Sample (2012) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2003-2011) composed of @entity1 with @entity543 with @entity1188 that were admitted nonelectively and received endovascular revascularization. @entity1 treated with mechanical thrombectomy or thrombolysis were excluded. Categorical variables were compared between treatment groups with Chi-squared tests. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate mortality and @entity64 while controlling for age, case severity, and comorbidity burden. RESULTS: About 6,333 admissions met our criteria. A majority were treated via stenting (89%, n = 5,608). The angioplasty-alone group had significantly higher mortality (9.0% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001) and @entity64 rate (3.9% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001) than the stent group. The adjusted odds ratios of mortality and @entity64 for @entity1 treated with angioplasty alone were 1.953 (p < 0.001) and 1.451 (p = 0.105), respectively, in comparison to @entity1 treated with carotid stenting. CONCLUSION: Multivariate analysis found the risk of mortality to be elevated following angioplasty alone. This may represent selection bias, but it also may indicate that symptomatic @entity1 with @entity64 suffer from severe @entity850 and unstable plaques that would benefit from stent placement. These results would caution angioplasty alone as an arm of a future randomized trial involving this severely burdened @entity1 population requiring urgent intervention.

title: Carotid Artery Stenosis with Acute XXXX : Stenting versus Angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke', 'iatrogenic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) has produced guidelines for the management of @entity1643 in primary care. AIM: To investigate the impact on @entity1 management of an educational strategy to promote these guidelines among general practitioners (GPs). DESIGN OF STUDY: Group randomised controlled trial, using the health centre as the unit of randomisation. SETTING: Primary care teams in north-west England. METHOD: Twenty-four health centres were randomly allocated to an intervention or control arm. Practices in the intervention arm were offered outreach visits to promote national guidelines on @entity1643 , as well as access to fast-track physiotherapy and to a triage service for @entity1 with persistent symptoms. RESULTS: Twenty-four centres were randomised. Two thousand, one hundred and eighty-seven eligible @entity1 presented with @entity1643 during the study period: 1049 in the intervention group and 1138 in the control group. There were no significant differences between study groups in the proportion of @entity1 who were referred for X-ray, issued with a sickness certificate, prescribed opioids or muscle relaxants, or who were referred to secondary care, but significantly more @entity1 in the intervention group were referred to physiotherapy or the @entity615 unit (difference in proportion = 12.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.8% to 21.6%). CONCLUSION: The management of @entity1 presenting with @entity1643 to primary care was mostly unchanged by an outreach educational strategy to promote greater adherence to RCGP guidelines among GPs. An increase in referral to physiotherapy or educational programmes followed the provision of a triage service.

title: Implementation of RCGP guidelines for XXXX : a cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'acute low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['acute low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity135 are willing to undergo aggressive treatments and accept alterations in quality of life to attain recovery or to prolong their life. It is unclear how physicians perceive alterations in quality of life. This study examined whether physicians considered changes in quality of life when selecting a treatment for @entity135 . METHODOLOGY: A large, Belgian, general practitioner population received a questionnaire in the mail requesting their opinions on quality of life for @entity1 with @entity5 . They assessed the impacts of symptoms, treatments, and side effects. RESULTS: 506 responses were received and evaluated. A majority of physicians (85.7%) thought that quality of life must be considered when selecting a treatment, even when it represented lower chance of survival. Moreover, 82.4% felt that proposing no treatment was justified when treatment caused impaired quality of life. Most physicians thought that the quality of life was worse for @entity1 with @entity5 in the head and neck than for @entity1 with @entity5 in any other location. Moreover, most physicians thought that the @entity1 (98.2%) and the family doctor (89%) should participate in selecting the treatment. The symptoms that ranked highest for impacting quality of life were @entity158 and breathing quality, followed by feeding requirements, voice quality, and physical appearance. Radiotherapy was thought to offer the best quality of life. CONCLUSION: Physicians considered quality of life a very important factor in treating @entity1 with @entity135 . This medical perception strongly influences the choice of treatment.

title: The generalists' perception of quality of life in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even in high-income countries some population groups depend on food banks to support their food intake. We aimed to explore and compare health and nutritional status of food bank clients (Tafel e.V.) in different cities in Germany. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, self-reported health and nutritional status of food bank clients living in three cities (Berlin - capital, Ludwigsburg- affluent city, Fulda - small town) which differ in size, available income and poverty rate, were assessed and compared to survey variables of the low socioeconomic status population of national surveys ( @entity17161 and GEDA). RESULTS: Across cities, food bank clients (N   =   276, response rate of 21.5  %) did not differ in main socio-demographic characteristics (age, nationality, education, professional qualification, household income). Smoking, having at least one @entity102 , estimating their own health status as moderate to poor and low consumption of fruits and vegetables were common characteristics. Comparing selected variables with the low socioeconomic status population of @entity17161 and GEDA, differences were found for a higher prevalence of @entity6 among food bank clients and a worse self-reported health status. Considerably lower fruit consumption and lower @entity101 prevalence among female and lower overweight rates among male food bank clients were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 using food banks vary in socio-demographic background, no differences for main demographics across the cities were found. In addition, the study suggests that for some health- and nutrition-related variables, national surveys in Germany might underestimate socioeconomic differences.

title: An explorative cross-sectional study examining self-reported health and nutritional status of disadvantaged XXXX using food banks in Germany.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the entity of @entity997 caused by tethering of the tricuspid valve leaflets by aberrant tendinous chords. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary care centre (university teaching hospital). @entity1 : 10 @entity1 with unexplained severe @entity997 . METHODS: The last 13 500 echocardiographic studies from our facility were reviewed to identify @entity1 with severe unexplained @entity997 . Tethering was defined by the presence of aberrant tendinous chords to the tricuspid valve leaflets limiting the mobility of the tricuspid leaflet and resulting in incomplete coaptation and apical displacement of the regurgitant jet origin. Aberrant tendinous chords were defined as those inserting at the clear zone of the tricuspid leaflet and not originating from the papillary muscle. @entity1 fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for @entity4924 were excluded. RESULTS: 10 @entity1 with aberrant tendinous chords tethering one or more tricuspid valve leaflets were identified. There were short non-aberrant tendinous chords in seven @entity1 , five of whom also had right ventricular or tricuspid annulus dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Tethering of the tricuspid valve leaflets by aberrant tendinous chords can be the sole mechanism of @entity997 . It is often associated with short non-aberrant tendinous chords, which may develop secondary to right ventricular or tricuspid annulus dilatation. Awareness of tethering as a cause of @entity997 may be important in planning reconstructive surgery.

title: Aberrant tendinous chords with tethering of the tricuspid leaflets: a congenital anomaly causing severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tricuspid regurgitation', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity689 inhibitors (NAIs) on @entity683 -related @entity55 ( @entity17731 ) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and @entity17731 incidence and outcomes in @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 . METHODS: A worldwide meta-analysis of individual @entity1 data from 20 634 hospitalised @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) 'pandemic @entity683 '. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed @entity17731 . Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included @entity1 , 5978 (29  0%) had @entity17731 ; conversely, 3349 (16  2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic @entity55 (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with @entity17731 [adj. OR 0  83 (95% CI 0  64-1  06; P = 0  136)]. Among the 5978 @entity1 with @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0  72 (0  44-1  17; P = 0  180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1  17 (0  71-1  92; P = 0  537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0  70 (0  55-0  88; P = 0  003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0  68 (0  54-0  85; P = 0  001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of @entity17731 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support.

title: Impact of XXXX inhibitors on @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09-related @entity55 : an individual @entity1 data meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity689 :: (4758,Gene) :: ['neuraminidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity689 inhibitors (NAIs) on @entity683 -related @entity55 ( @entity17731 ) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and @entity17731 incidence and outcomes in @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 . METHODS: A worldwide meta-analysis of individual @entity1 data from 20 634 hospitalised @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) 'pandemic @entity683 '. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed @entity17731 . Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included @entity1 , 5978 (29  0%) had @entity17731 ; conversely, 3349 (16  2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic @entity55 (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with @entity17731 [adj. OR 0  83 (95% CI 0  64-1  06; P = 0  136)]. Among the 5978 @entity1 with @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0  72 (0  44-1  17; P = 0  180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1  17 (0  71-1  92; P = 0  537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0  70 (0  55-0  88; P = 0  003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0  68 (0  54-0  85; P = 0  001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of @entity17731 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support.

title: Impact of @entity689 inhibitors on XXXX A(H1N1)pdm09-related @entity55 : an individual @entity1 data meta-analysis.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity689 inhibitors (NAIs) on @entity683 -related @entity55 ( @entity17731 ) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and @entity17731 incidence and outcomes in @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 . METHODS: A worldwide meta-analysis of individual @entity1 data from 20 634 hospitalised @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) 'pandemic @entity683 '. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed @entity17731 . Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included @entity1 , 5978 (29  0%) had @entity17731 ; conversely, 3349 (16  2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic @entity55 (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with @entity17731 [adj. OR 0  83 (95% CI 0  64-1  06; P = 0  136)]. Among the 5978 @entity1 with @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0  72 (0  44-1  17; P = 0  180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1  17 (0  71-1  92; P = 0  537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0  70 (0  55-0  88; P = 0  003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0  68 (0  54-0  85; P = 0  001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of @entity17731 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support.

title: Impact of @entity689 inhibitors on @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09-related XXXX : an individual @entity1 data meta-analysis.

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity689 inhibitors (NAIs) on @entity683 -related @entity55 ( @entity17731 ) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and @entity17731 incidence and outcomes in @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 . METHODS: A worldwide meta-analysis of individual @entity1 data from 20 634 hospitalised @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) 'pandemic @entity683 '. The primary outcome was radiologically confirmed @entity17731 . Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using generalised linear mixed modelling, adjusting for NAI treatment propensity, antibiotics and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of 20 634 included @entity1 , 5978 (29  0%) had @entity17731 ; conversely, 3349 (16  2%) had confirmed the absence of radiographic @entity55 (the comparator). Early NAI treatment (within 2 days of symptom onset) versus no NAI was not significantly associated with @entity17731 [adj. OR 0  83 (95% CI 0  64-1  06; P = 0  136)]. Among the 5978 @entity1 with @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus none did not impact on mortality [adj. OR = 0  72 (0  44-1  17; P = 0  180)] or likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 1  17 (0  71-1  92; P = 0  537)], but early treatment versus later significantly reduced mortality [adj. OR = 0  70 (0  55-0  88; P = 0  003)] and likelihood of requiring ventilatory support [adj. OR = 0  68 (0  54-0  85; P = 0  001)]. CONCLUSIONS: Early NAI treatment of @entity1 hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 @entity778 versus no treatment did not reduce the likelihood of @entity17731 . However, in @entity1 who developed @entity17731 , early NAI treatment versus later reduced the likelihood of mortality and needing ventilatory support.

title: Impact of @entity689 inhibitors on @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09-related @entity55 : an individual XXXX data meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participant']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total @entity65 risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of @entity231 . However, the results are conflicting. The @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity472 and no history of @entity6 , @entity301 , or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40  mg @entity3413 plus 10  mg @entity3709 versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident @entity231 . Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) @entity165 lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident @entity231 per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3  years, 65 @entity1 (3.5%) developed @entity231 . Mean age at baseline was 68  years and 39% were @entity1 . In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, @entity617 treatment, smoking, baseline LDL @entity165 and high sensitivity @entity1851 ; @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of @entity231 development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p  = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL- @entity165 with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL- @entity165 was in itself associated with lower risk of incident @entity231 (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1  mmol/ml lower total @entity165 , 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p  = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident @entity231 development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.

title: Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With @entity3413 and XXXX on Cataract Development (from the @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'lens opacities']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe', 'Ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3709 :: (MESH:C108606,Chemical) :: ['Ezetimibe']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total @entity65 risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of @entity231 . However, the results are conflicting. The @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity472 and no history of @entity6 , @entity301 , or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40  mg @entity3413 plus 10  mg @entity3709 versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident @entity231 . Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) @entity165 lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident @entity231 per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3  years, 65 @entity1 (3.5%) developed @entity231 . Mean age at baseline was 68  years and 39% were @entity1 . In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, @entity617 treatment, smoking, baseline LDL @entity165 and high sensitivity @entity1851 ; @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of @entity231 development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p  = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL- @entity165 with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL- @entity165 was in itself associated with lower risk of incident @entity231 (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1  mmol/ml lower total @entity165 , 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p  = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident @entity231 development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.

title: Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With @entity3413 and @entity3709 on Cataract Development (from the @entity3413 and XXXX in @entity472 Study).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity3709 :: (MESH:C108606,Chemical) :: ['Ezetimibe']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total @entity65 risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of @entity231 . However, the results are conflicting. The @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity472 and no history of @entity6 , @entity301 , or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40  mg @entity3413 plus 10  mg @entity3709 versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident @entity231 . Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) @entity165 lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident @entity231 per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3  years, 65 @entity1 (3.5%) developed @entity231 . Mean age at baseline was 68  years and 39% were @entity1 . In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, @entity617 treatment, smoking, baseline LDL @entity165 and high sensitivity @entity1851 ; @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of @entity231 development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p  = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL- @entity165 with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL- @entity165 was in itself associated with lower risk of incident @entity231 (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1  mmol/ml lower total @entity165 , 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p  = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident @entity231 development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.

title: Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With @entity3413 and @entity3709 on Cataract Development (from the @entity3413 and @entity3709 in XXXX Study).

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total @entity65 risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of @entity231 . However, the results are conflicting. The @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity472 and no history of @entity6 , @entity301 , or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40  mg @entity3413 plus 10  mg @entity3709 versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident @entity231 . Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) @entity165 lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident @entity231 per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3  years, 65 @entity1 (3.5%) developed @entity231 . Mean age at baseline was 68  years and 39% were @entity1 . In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, @entity617 treatment, smoking, baseline LDL @entity165 and high sensitivity @entity1851 ; @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of @entity231 development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p  = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL- @entity165 with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL- @entity165 was in itself associated with lower risk of incident @entity231 (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1  mmol/ml lower total @entity165 , 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p  = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident @entity231 development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.

title: Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With XXXX and @entity3709 on Cataract Development (from the @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 Study).

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines on statin initiation on the basis of total @entity65 risk argue that the preventive effect of statins on cardiovascular events outweigh the side effects, although this is controversial. Studies indicate a possible effect of statin therapy on reducing risk of @entity231 . However, the results are conflicting. The @entity3413 and @entity3709 in @entity472 study (NCT00092677) enrolled 1,873 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity472 and no history of @entity6 , @entity301 , or other serious co-morbidities were randomized (1:1) to double-blind 40  mg @entity3413 plus 10  mg @entity3709 versus placebo. The primary end point in this substudy was incident @entity231 . Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to analyze: (1) if the active treatment reduced the risk of the primary end point and (2) if time-varying low-density lipoproteins (LDL) @entity165 lowering (annually assessed) was associated with less incident @entity231 per se. During an average follow-up of 4.3  years, 65 @entity1 (3.5%) developed @entity231 . Mean age at baseline was 68  years and 39% were @entity1 . In Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, @entity617 treatment, smoking, baseline LDL @entity165 and high sensitivity @entity1851 ; @entity3413 plus @entity3709 versus placebo was associated with 44% lower risk of @entity231 development (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.96, p  = 0.034). In a parallel analysis substituting time-varying LDL- @entity165 with randomized treatment, lower intreatment LDL- @entity165 was in itself associated with lower risk of incident @entity231 (hazard ratio 0.78 per 1  mmol/ml lower total @entity165 , 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.93, p  = 0.008). In conclusion, randomized treatment with @entity3413 plus @entity3709 was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident @entity231 development. This effect should perhaps be considered in the risk-benefit ratio of statin treatment.

title: Effect of Randomized Lipid Lowering With @entity3413 and @entity3709 on Cataract Development (from the XXXX and @entity3709 in @entity472 Study).

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is associated with an increased mortality risk in elderly or high-risk @entity1 . Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) is an alternative to surgery in @entity1 with symptomatic severe @entity472 who are inoperable or at high operative risk. The impact of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on @entity1 referred to TAVI merits further investigation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and the impact of @entity6 status on the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium 2-defined outcomes of TAVI and to stratify @entity1 outcomes according to their initial glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. We enrolled and stratified @entity1 who underwent TAVI at our institution according to @entity6 status. A total of 586 @entity1 were enrolled: 348 (59%) without @entity6 and 238 (41%) with @entity6 . There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality @entity1 with @entity6 compared to @entity1 without @entity6 (3.3% vs 2.9%, p  =  0.974). Insulin-treated @entity6 was not associated with adverse outcome in comparison to orally treated @entity6 . To delineate the prognostic power of @entity4051 C in these @entity1 , the cohort was divided into 3 groups according to HbA1C levels (<5.7%, 5.7% to 6.49%, and >= 6.5%). @entity1 with HbA1C >= 6.5% were at increased risk for mortality during follow-up (hazard ratio 2.571, 95% confidence interval 1.077 to 6.136, p  = 0.033) compared to @entity1 with HbA1C <5.7%. In conclusion, unlike SAVR, @entity6 is not associated with an increased mortality risk after TAVI, nor is it associated with increased complications rates. A more poorly controlled disease, as manifested by elevated HbA1c levels, may be associated with increased mortality during long-term follow-up.

title: Impact of XXXX and Hemoglobin A1C on Outcome After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: @entity1575 is characterized by a dramatic increase in the expression of type I collagen. Several deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I-hypersensitive sites (HS) have been located in the distal 5'-flanking region of the alpha1(I) collagen gene that are specific to collagen-producing cells. To assess the role of the @entity9828 -HS in regulating alpha1(I) collagen gene expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), 3 transgenic @entity19 lines expressing collagen-alpha1(I) reporter genes were used (Krempen et al. Gene Expr 1999;8:151-163). The pCol9GFP transgene contains the collagen gene promoter (-3122 to +111) linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene. The pCol9GFP-HS4,5 transgene contains HS4,5 and pColGFP-HS8,9 contains HS8,9 positioned upstream of the collagen promoter in pCol9GFP. HSCs isolated from @entity19 containing pCol9GFPHS4,5 and pColGFP-HS8,9 showed earlier and higher GFP expression patterns than HSCs isolated from pCol9GFP @entity19 . HSCs from pCol9GFP-HS4,5 showed the highest levels of GFP expression and culture-induced expression correlated with induction of the endogenous alpha1(I) collagen gene. After @entity14605 administration, pCol9GFP-HS4,5 @entity19 showed increased GFP expression compared with pCol9GFP @entity19 in both whole liver extracts and isolated HSCs. Several sites for DNA-protein interactions in both HS4 and HS5 were identified that included a binding site for @entity9829 . In conclusion, @entity9828 -HS4,5 enhance expression of the alpha1(I) collagen gene promoter in HSCs both in vitro and in vivo after a fibrogenic stimulus. The collagen-GFP @entity19 provide a convenient and reliable model system to investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling increased collagen expression during @entity82 .

title: XXXX -hypersensitive sites enhance alpha1(I) collagen gene expression in hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity9828 :: (13419(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['DNase I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) is a frequently encountered @entity558 , especially in the elderly. We investigated predictive factors for surgical and functional outcomes after @entity937 ( @entity937 ) surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity6087 treated by @entity937 between January 2012 and December 2014 were included in this study. All @entity1 were classified by symptom, clinical grade, time, location, @entity1410 density, midline shift, and other characteristics. Pre- and postoperative CT evaluation was performed at 0, 3, and 6  months. Clinical grades were classified as described in Markwalder et al. Surgical and clinical outcomes were evaluated with the brain expansion rate and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Brain expansion rate was calculated as the ratio between post- and pre-operative @entity1410 thickness. Recurrence was defined as the occurrence of symptoms and @entity1410 on CT within 6  months. RESULTS: This study included 130 @entity1 over 2  years. Among the variable parameters, young age (<75), iso-density of @entity1410 on CT, and short duration from symptom to surgery were correlated with good brain expansion. @entity1 with good brain expansion had fewer recurrences. In terms of mRS, young age, iso-density, and good clinical grade were correlated with good functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be more aware of general conditions and medical problems, especially in elderly @entity1 . Membranectomy should be considered in @entity1 with a long duration of symptoms or hypo-dense @entity1410 to promote good brain expansion and good mRS scores.

title: Preoperative predictive factors for surgical and functional outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical condition']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['burr-hole drainage', 'BHD']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural hematoma', 'CSDH']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We prospectively evaluated the effects of preventive surgery for unruptured @entity438 on attention, executive function, learning and memory. METHODS: Between March 2012 and June 2013, 56 @entity1 were recruited for this study. Fifty-one @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age    <=65  years and (2) planned microsurgery or endovascular surgery for unruptured @entity438 . Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) preoperative intelligence quotient   <80 (n   =   3); (2) initial modified Rankin scale   >= 1 (n   =   1); (3) loss to follow-up (n   =   1). An auditory controlled continuous performance test (ACCPT), word-color test (WCT) and verbal learning test (VLT) were performed before and after (6  months) preventive surgery. RESULTS: ACCPT (attention), WCT (executive function) and VLT (learning and memory) scores did not change significantly between the pre- and postoperative evaluations. The ACCPT, WCT, total VLT scores (verbal learning) and delayed VLT scores (memory) did not differ significantly between @entity1 undergoing microsurgery and those undergoing endovascular surgery. However, ACCPT, WCT and delayed VLT scores decreased postoperatively in @entity1 with @entity10334 on preoperative FLAIR images (OR 9.899, p   =   0.041; OR 11.421, p   =   0.006; OR 2.952, p   =   0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive surgery for unruptured @entity438 did not affect attention, executive function, learning or memory. However, @entity1 with @entity10334 on FLAIR images might be prone to deficits in attention, executive function and memory postoperatively, whereas learning might not be affected.

title: Effects of preventive surgery for unruptured XXXX on attention, executive function, learning and memory: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 is a frequently reported side-effect of adjuvant chemotherapy. A large number of animal studies has been performed to examine the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, however, definite conclusions from these studies are restricted due to differences in experimental set-up. We systematically investigated the effects of 6 cytotoxic agents on various neurobiological parameters. C57Bl/6J @entity19 were treated with @entity786 , @entity1205 , @entity632 , @entity1487 , @entity1499 , or @entity1945 . The animals were sacrificed 3 or 15 weeks after treatment and the effect on neurogenesis, blood vessel density, and neuroinflammation was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. None of the cytostatic agents tested affected neurogenesis (cell survival or cell proliferation). Blood vessel density was increased in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex 3 weeks after treatment with @entity1205 and @entity632 compared with control animals. A decrease in the number of microglial cells was observed in the prefrontal cortex after treatment with @entity786 , @entity1205 , @entity1487 , and @entity1945 compared with control @entity19 . The observed decrease in microglia cells is indicative of @entity32 that occurred after treatment. Overall, the magnitude of the effects was relatively modest. Therefore, we conducted a similar study with @entity1945 in @entity34736 ; @entity678 /b knock out and wildtype FVB @entity19 . Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks after treatment and no notable effect was seen in hippocampal cell differentiation ( @entity20446 ), microglia activation, or blood vessel density. Perhaps the FVB strain is more resistant to the @entity2359 effects of @entity1945 which makes this not the correct model to study the mechanism of chemotherapy-induced @entity73 .

title: Neurobiological changes by cytotoxic agents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cerebral gray matter volume alterations in unilateral sudden @entity1274 @entity1 within the acute period by the voxel-based morphometry method, and to determine if @entity393 is associated with regional gray matter alterations in unilateral sudden @entity1274 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case study. SETTING: Tertiary class A teaching hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with left-side unilateral sudden @entity1274 and 47 @entity1 with right-side unilateral sudden @entity1274 . INTERVENTION: Diagnostic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: To compare the regional gray matter of unilateral sudden @entity1274 @entity1 and healthy control @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with control groups, @entity1 with left side unilateral sudden @entity1274 had significant gray matter reductions in the right middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus, whereas @entity1 with right side unilateral sudden @entity1274 showed gray matter decreases in the left superior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. A significant negative correlation with the duration of the sudden @entity1274 (R=-0.427, p=0.012 for left-side unilateral SSNHL and R=-0.412, p=0.013 for right-side unilateral SSNHL) was also found in these brain areas. There was no region with increased gray matter found in both groups of unilateral sudden @entity1274 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that detectable decreased contralateral auditory cortical morphological changes have occurred in unilateral SSNHL @entity1 within the acute period by voxel-based morphometry methods. The gray matter volumes of these brain areas also perform a negative correlation with the duration of the disease, which suggests a gradual brain structural impairment after the progression of the disease.

title: Altered Contralateral Auditory Cortical Morphology in Unilateral Sudden XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['Sensorineural Hearing Loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether computer simulation predicts airway pressures after increments of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in @entity1576 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, nonrandomized comparative trial in an intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : Twelve consecutive @entity1576 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS. PEEP increments from 0 to 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 cm @entity2507 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A physiological profile comprising values for compliance, respiratory resistance and @entity515 elimination as a function of tidal volume was established from a recording of ordinary breaths prior to increments of PEEP. Airway pressures and CO(2 )elimination were measured 30 s after resetting, pressures also after 10 min. Values from simulation of the resetting, based on the profile, were compared to measured values. The profiles indicated vast differences in physiology between the 12 subjects. Errors of simulation of airway pressures were nonsignificant or trivial up to PEEP levels of 10 cm @entity2507 (95% of errors <3 cm @entity2507 ). After 10 min plateau pressure averaged 1.5 cm @entity2507 lower than 30 s after resetting. At increments to PEEP 7.5, 10, and 15, @entity515 elimination fell by on average 4%, 8%, and 11%, respectively. As tidal volume and respiratory rate was unchanged this was not predicted. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a simple lung model, simulation predicted effects of moderate increments of PEEP on airway pressures in @entity1 with complex physiology.

title: Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure increments can be predicted by computer simulation based on a physiological profile in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using questionnaires and accelerometers to measure physical activity and @entity146 among inpatient adults with @entity1032 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a physical activity and sitting time questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Feasibility was assessed in terms of @entity1 engagement, self-reported ease/difficulty of completing study components, extreme self-report data values and adherence to accelerometer wear time criteria. Ease/difficulty ratings were examined by level of distress. RESULTS: 177 inpatients were invited to the study, 101 completed the questionnaires and 36 provided valid accelerometry data. @entity1 found it more difficult to complete sitting time and physical activity questionnaires than to wear the accelerometer during waking hours (z=3.787, p<0.001; z=2.824, p=0.005 respectively). No significant differences were found in ease/difficulty ratings by level of distress for any of the study components. Extreme values for self-reported sitting time were identified in 27% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Inpatient adults with @entity1032 can engage with self-report and objective methods of measuring physical activity and @entity146 . They were initially less willing to participate in objective measurement, which may however be more feasible than self-report measures.

title: The Feasibility of Using Questionnaires and Accelerometers to Measure Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Inpatient Adults With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behavior']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental Illness']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to compare the ability of larvae of different species, @entity2083 ( @entity2083 ), @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ), and @entity15249 ( @entity15249 ), to regulate their @entity460 balance. Whole-body @entity141 content and @entity141 influx in the larvae of the three species, which were incubated in low- (0.02 mM), mid- (0.2 mM), and high- (2.0 mM) @entity141 artificial fresh water from embryonic stages, were compared. The @entity141 uptake kinetics were determined in @entity3392 and @entity2083 incubated in high- or low- @entity141 artificial fresh water. @entity141 content of both @entity3392 and @entity15249 acclimated to low- @entity141 media were significantly lower than those acclimated to mid- or high- @entity141 media. However, @entity141 contents of @entity2083 in low-, mid-, and high- @entity141 groups showed no significant differences. In @entity2083 , @entity141 influx in the low- @entity141 group was significantly higher than those of the mid- and high- @entity141 groups. In contrast, the @entity141 influx rate in the low- @entity141 group was significantly lower than those in the mid- and high- @entity141 groups in @entity3392 and @entity15249 . Compared to the high- @entity141 group, the low- @entity141 group of @entity2083 showed a 13% increase in the maximal velocity (J(max)) and an 84% decrease in the Michaelis constant (K(m)) for @entity141 influx. Smaller changes, i.e., an 8% increase in J(max) and a 67% decrease in K(m), were found in @entity3392 larvae. @entity2083 possess a more effective @entity141 regulatory capacity than do @entity3392 and @entity15249 . Differences in the strategies for @entity141 balance may be associated with different development patterns and environments in which these fish naturally occur.

title: Comparisons of XXXX regulation in fish larvae.

entities_list: @entity15249 :: ('61084', 'Species') :: ['ayu', 'Plecoglossus altivelis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['Goldfish', 'goldfish', 'Carassius auratus']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs can distinguish active inflammatory disease from inactive cicatricial disease in @entity1 treated for @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ). Twenty-eight @entity2883 @entity1 with active @entity358 underwent a first HRCT examination immediately before standard immunosuppressive treatment and a second examination after clinical remission had been achieved. Lesions remaining after treatment were categorized as @entity16 and were compared with findings during active disease to see by what features active and cicatricial disease can be distinguished. During active disease 17 @entity1 had nodules/masses, 12 had ground-glass opacities, 6 had septal lines and 6 had non-septal lines. After treatment, ground-glass opacities had resolved completely. Nodules/masses had resolved in 8 @entity1 and had diminished in 7 @entity1 . Residual nodules were distinguished from nodules/masses in active disease by lack of cavitation and a diameter of mostly <15 mm. In one-third of @entity1 lines resolved, but in 8 instances new lines evolved during immunosuppression. During a follow-up period of a median 26.5 months (range 20.0-33.8), @entity1 with residual nodules or lines had no more relapses than @entity1 with completely cleared lungs. Treated @entity2883 leaves substantial @entity16 . High-resolution CT does assist in the distinction between active and inactive lesions. Ground-glass opacities, cavitating nodules/masses and masses measuring more than 3 cm represent active disease ordinarily. Non-cavitary small nodules and septal or non-septal lines can be either active or cicatricial lesions. The nature of these lesions needs to be clarified by longitudinal observation.

title: Active disease and XXXX in treated @entity2883 : an observational study using pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['residual damage']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis", 'pulmonary WG']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['residual damage']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs can distinguish active inflammatory disease from inactive cicatricial disease in @entity1 treated for @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ). Twenty-eight @entity2883 @entity1 with active @entity358 underwent a first HRCT examination immediately before standard immunosuppressive treatment and a second examination after clinical remission had been achieved. Lesions remaining after treatment were categorized as @entity16 and were compared with findings during active disease to see by what features active and cicatricial disease can be distinguished. During active disease 17 @entity1 had nodules/masses, 12 had ground-glass opacities, 6 had septal lines and 6 had non-septal lines. After treatment, ground-glass opacities had resolved completely. Nodules/masses had resolved in 8 @entity1 and had diminished in 7 @entity1 . Residual nodules were distinguished from nodules/masses in active disease by lack of cavitation and a diameter of mostly <15 mm. In one-third of @entity1 lines resolved, but in 8 instances new lines evolved during immunosuppression. During a follow-up period of a median 26.5 months (range 20.0-33.8), @entity1 with residual nodules or lines had no more relapses than @entity1 with completely cleared lungs. Treated @entity2883 leaves substantial @entity16 . High-resolution CT does assist in the distinction between active and inactive lesions. Ground-glass opacities, cavitating nodules/masses and masses measuring more than 3 cm represent active disease ordinarily. Non-cavitary small nodules and septal or non-septal lines can be either active or cicatricial lesions. The nature of these lesions needs to be clarified by longitudinal observation.

title: Active disease and @entity16 in treated XXXX : an observational study using pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography.

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: Gonadal function in the male @entity329 ( @entity329 ) was investigated during exposure to a @entity851 . Within 3 weeks of exposure to the @entity851 , FSH and @entity251 in the plasma significantly decreased, and subsequently immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin significantly decreased. Testicular contents of ir-inhibin and @entity251 , and pituitary contents of LH and FSH also significantly decreased by 3 weeks with regression of weight of testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles and sperm head count. Circulating LH varied but not significantly. Thereafter, all reproductive parameters and secretion of LH, FSH, ir-inhibin and @entity251 gradually recovered after 17 weeks of exposure even though animals continued to be subjected to the @entity851 . Plasma concentrations of @entity25086 and inhibin pro-alphaC were detectable and were significantly decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to the short photoperiod, but their levels were still detectable. Immunopositive reaction of @entity72232 and betaB subunits was found in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the regressed testes of animals subjected to short photoperiod as was also seen in animals before exposure to the short photoperiod. Although the spermatogenic cycle was suppressed like prepubertal animals, the present study showed that the testicular recovery, so-called refractoriness, is functionally different from the developing stage of immature animals, especially with regard to inhibin secretion. The present results showed that changes in FSH preceded changes in inhibin during the regression and recovery phases, indicating that FSH is a major regulatory factor of inhibin secretion in male @entity329 . The present study also demonstrated that regressed testes still secrete a small amount of bioactive inhibin during exposure to a short-photoperiod condition.

title: Inhibin secretion in the XXXX ( @entity329 ) testis during active and inactive states of spermatogenesis induced by the restriction of photoperiod.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short photoperiod condition']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Mesocricetus auratus', 'golden hamsters', 'golden hamster']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamster']


abstract: Gonadal function in the male @entity329 ( @entity329 ) was investigated during exposure to a @entity851 . Within 3 weeks of exposure to the @entity851 , FSH and @entity251 in the plasma significantly decreased, and subsequently immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin significantly decreased. Testicular contents of ir-inhibin and @entity251 , and pituitary contents of LH and FSH also significantly decreased by 3 weeks with regression of weight of testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles and sperm head count. Circulating LH varied but not significantly. Thereafter, all reproductive parameters and secretion of LH, FSH, ir-inhibin and @entity251 gradually recovered after 17 weeks of exposure even though animals continued to be subjected to the @entity851 . Plasma concentrations of @entity25086 and inhibin pro-alphaC were detectable and were significantly decreased after 15 weeks of exposure to the short photoperiod, but their levels were still detectable. Immunopositive reaction of @entity72232 and betaB subunits was found in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the regressed testes of animals subjected to short photoperiod as was also seen in animals before exposure to the short photoperiod. Although the spermatogenic cycle was suppressed like prepubertal animals, the present study showed that the testicular recovery, so-called refractoriness, is functionally different from the developing stage of immature animals, especially with regard to inhibin secretion. The present results showed that changes in FSH preceded changes in inhibin during the regression and recovery phases, indicating that FSH is a major regulatory factor of inhibin secretion in male @entity329 . The present study also demonstrated that regressed testes still secrete a small amount of bioactive inhibin during exposure to a short-photoperiod condition.

title: Inhibin secretion in the @entity329 ( XXXX ) testis during active and inactive states of spermatogenesis induced by the restriction of photoperiod.

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Mesocricetus auratus']


abstract: Cell surfaces of aggregation, adherence, and hydrophilic variants of @entity885 were compared with cell surfaces of the parent strain with regard to their protein and antigenic constituents. Cell surface molecules were released by digestion with mutanolysin. Extraction with @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) @entity1133 , @entity72233 , and boiling water did not solubilize any material which stained with @entity4673 in an @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis gel. The parent organism @entity885 12, which aggregates in saliva, adheres to saliva-coated @entity692 and is hydrophobic, was found to possess a prominently staining 160,000 molecular weight (MW) protein. This protein was almost completely absent from strain 12na, a hydrophobic nonaggregating variant, and was completely absent from the hydrophilic nonaggregating strain 12L. Trypsinization of strain 12 resulted in the coincident loss of the 160,000-MW protein and the ability to aggregate in saliva. Trypsin treatment reduced but did not eliminate the hydrophobic character of the cells. Boiling destroyed their ability to aggregate, but did not alter their hydrophobicity. Cell wall digests of strain 12 contained a number of proteins which were absent from strains 12na and 12L. Mutanolysin digests of cell walls of the hydrophilic strains contained almost no material that was visible in a @entity575 -stained @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis gel. Culture supernatants contained a number of proteins which were immunologically cross-reactive with cell surface proteins. The hydrophilic organisms released a number of 60,000- to 90,000-MW proteins not seen in culture supernatants from the parent strain.

title: Cell surface components of XXXX : relationship to aggregation, adherence, and hydrophobicity.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity72233 :: ('MESH:C020891', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium diiodosalicylate']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis', 'S. sanguis']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity885 :: (1305,Species) :: ['Streptococcus sanguis']


abstract: We have screened 22 @entity150 -derived cell lines and one normal urothelium-derived cell line for genome-wide copy number changes using array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Comparison of @entity8625 with existing multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization ( @entity24328 ) results revealed excellent concordance. Regions of gain and loss were defined more accurately by @entity8625 , and several small regions of deletion were detected that were not identified by @entity24328 . Numerous genetic changes were identified, many of which were compatible with previous results from conventional CGH and loss of heterozygosity analyses on @entity150 . The most frequent changes involved complete or partial loss of 4q (83%) and gain of 20q (78%). Other frequent losses were of 18q (65%), 8p (65%), 2q (61%), 6q (61%), 3p (56%), 13q (56%), 4p (52%), 6p (52%), 10p (52%), 10q (52%) and 5p (43%). We have refined the localization of a region of deletion at 8p21.2-p21.3 to an interval of approximately 1 Mb. Five homozygous deletions of @entity5 suppressor genes were confirmed, and several potentially novel homozygous deletions were identified. In all, 15 high-level amplifications were detected, with a previously reported amplification at 6p22.3 being the most frequent. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a novel candidate gene with consistent overexpression in all cell lines with the 6p22.3 amplicon.

title: High-resolution analysis of genomic copy number alterations in XXXX by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Bacteria and viruses are suspected to induce @entity4288 ; however, most investigators have focused on coincidences rather than causal relationships. The aim of this work was to establish a @entity95 model in which the vessel reaction to local perivascular injection of defined bacterial products can be analyzed. A total of 23 @entity95 were randomized to four groups. Groups A and B were fed a normal diet, groups C and D were fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Groups A and C were treated with a single perivascular injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) placed next to auricular, carotid and femoral arteries, and @entity2827 placed next to the contralateral arteries (control). Group B and D animals were treated with repeated perivascular injections over 90 days. Vascular tissues (n=116 treated segments of 23 @entity95 ) were analyzed using morphometry at histology, and using immunohistochemistry to detect macrophages, lymphocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. LPS treatment resulted in transient focal intima thickening. After single LPS application, no increase in @entity75 formation was observed in comparison with controls (group C, lesion area index 0.031+/-0.012 vs 0.015+/-0.006, P=1.0). Repeated LPS application resulted in significant @entity75 formation compared with saline control (group D, lesion area index 0.148+/-0.049 vs 0.008+/-0.006, P=0.003) in @entity753 @entity95 . @entity32 in normocholesterolemic did not lead to @entity75 formation (intima media ratio 0.04+/-0.01 vs 0.04+/-0.007, P=1.0). Single perivascular administration of low-dose bacterial LPS resulted in transient focal intimal thickening, while significant increase in lesion formation occurred after repeated LPS application in @entity165 -fed animals. In conclusion, this animal model will allow the assessment of the impact of defined dosages of different bacterial pathogens onto the vascular wall in the context of atherogenesis. The @entity75 -promoting effect of repeated perivascular administration of LPS supports the hypothesis that bacterial pathogens may be involved in atherogenesis.

title: Recurrent @entity32 induced by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) results in the formation of XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Repeated LPS inflammation']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['atheromatous lesions']