abstract: Few data exist on the effects of specific @entity195 ( @entity195 )-related mutations on cognitive function. We present neuropsychological test results in eight members of a large kindred with variant @entity195 (VarAD) due to a deletion of the @entity3666 ( @entity3666 ) gene, encompassing exon 9. The disease was neuropathologically characterized by the presence of large, unusual, " @entity2708 wool" plaques (CWP). Four surviving @entity1 were prospectively tested, and retrospective neuropsychological data were collected from additional four deceased @entity1 . The neuropsychological evaluation was based on tests of @entity227 , abstract thinking, and visuoconstructive and spatial functions. In addition, @entity146 symptoms were evaluated. In four @entity1 , brain @entity413 metabolism was examined by positron emission tomography (PET). PET showed temporoparietal hypometabolism typical of @entity195 . In addition, variable patterns of hypometabolism (hemispherical asymmetry and occipital accentuation) were related to individual deficits of cognitive performance. However, all these early-onset @entity1 (age range 43-63 years) with a deletion mutation of @entity3666 gene showed prominent @entity73 in visuoconstructive and intellectual functions.

title: Neuropsychological functions in variant XXXX with spastic paraparesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['verbal and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment and deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Although there has been considerable research on @entity2673 and their effect on physical and mental health, there has been little research into the effects of psychosocial domestic conditions on health. The association between @entity2673 (and control at work in particular) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is not as strong for @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Other research suggests that household and domestic factors may have an important effect on @entity1 's health. Some studies have shown that low control at home affects psychological well being. However, there has been little research into its effects on physical health. Furthermore, similar to results analysing low control at work, low control at home may form part of the pathways underlying social inequalities in health. The study investigates the meaning of control at home, the effect of control at home on incident @entity301 events and whether this explains some of the social inequalities in @entity301 events in @entity1 and @entity1 . Data from phases 3-5 of the Whitehall II study, London, UK, were analysed (N = 7470). The results indicate that low control at home predicts @entity301 among @entity1 but not among @entity1 . Furthermore, low control at home may explain part of the association between household social position and @entity301 among @entity1 . There is some evidence suggesting that low control at home among @entity1 results from a lack of material and psychological resources to cope with excessive household and family demands. Psychosocial domestic conditions may have a greater effect on the health of @entity1 compared with @entity1 .

title: The effect of control at home on XXXX events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in @entity301 .

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial working conditions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['CHD']


abstract: Although there has been considerable research on @entity2673 and their effect on physical and mental health, there has been little research into the effects of psychosocial domestic conditions on health. The association between @entity2673 (and control at work in particular) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is not as strong for @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Other research suggests that household and domestic factors may have an important effect on @entity1 's health. Some studies have shown that low control at home affects psychological well being. However, there has been little research into its effects on physical health. Furthermore, similar to results analysing low control at work, low control at home may form part of the pathways underlying social inequalities in health. The study investigates the meaning of control at home, the effect of control at home on incident @entity301 events and whether this explains some of the social inequalities in @entity301 events in @entity1 and @entity1 . Data from phases 3-5 of the Whitehall II study, London, UK, were analysed (N = 7470). The results indicate that low control at home predicts @entity301 among @entity1 but not among @entity1 . Furthermore, low control at home may explain part of the association between household social position and @entity301 among @entity1 . There is some evidence suggesting that low control at home among @entity1 results from a lack of material and psychological resources to cope with excessive household and family demands. Psychosocial domestic conditions may have a greater effect on the health of @entity1 compared with @entity1 .

title: The effect of control at home on @entity301 events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in XXXX .

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['CHD']


abstract: Lead is a common element in the earth's crust, serving useful purposes in industry, but serving no purpose in the @entity1 body. Increase in blood pressure is an important public health problem with numerous factors contributing to many facets of the disease. The relationship of lead exposure and increased blood pressure has long been considered, but only recently critically investigated. Reports of subtle changes in @entity460 metabolism and renal function, as well as in vitro studies examining end-arteriolar smooth muscle contractility, link lead exposure and increased blood pressure. This paper critically examines the evidence associating chronic low-level lead exposure and increased blood pressure. The review focuses on epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological data. The epidemiological evidence is consistent with low-level exposure to lead causing an elevation in blood pressure. The strength of that association, and the dose-response characteristics, are less certain. Individual resistance and susceptibility could affect the degree of blood pressure elevation. The results of animal and in vitro studies are consistent with the epidemiological evidence, and suggest biologically plausible mechanisms for the association. The most probable mechanisms are intracellular perturbations in @entity460 metabolism mediated by direct lead effects at the end-arteriole, and indirect effects via @entity8 . Better indices of lead exposure and lead activity are needed to quantify these effects in @entity1 . New and safer methods of chelating lead suggest interesting approaches for studying the relationship between lead and @entity101 . This link could have significant implications in determining what constitutes a 'safe' level of environmental lead exposure, and whether a proportion of essential @entity101 could be 'cured' by chelation therapy.

title: Chronic low-level lead exposure. Its role in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The effect of highly purified natural porcine @entity8242 on C-peptide release was examined in six type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics ( @entity1798 ) with residual beta-cell function, six type II non-insulin-dependent) diabetics (NIDD), and six normal subjects. All subjects were normal weight. From -120 minutes to 180 minutes @entity413 or insulin was infused IV to achieve a constant plasma @entity413 level of 8 mmol/L. On two separate days @entity8242 (2 pmol/kg/min) or isotonic @entity1219 at random were infused from 0 to 30 minutes. After 10 minutes of @entity8242 infusion plasma IR- @entity8242 concentrations were in the physiologic postprandial range. At 30 minutes a further increase in IR- @entity8242 to supraphysiologic levels occurred. In all subjects plasma, C-peptide increased more after 10 minutes of @entity8242 infusion ( @entity1798 , 0.48 +/- 0.05; NIDD, 0.79 +/- 0.11; normal subjects, 2.27 +/- 0.29 nmol/L) than on the corresponding day with @entity1219 infusion ( @entity1798 , 0.35 +/- 0.03; NIDD, 0.62 +/- 0.08; normal subjects, 1.22 +/- 0.13 nmol/L, P less than .05 for all). The responses of the diabetics were significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (P less than .001 for both groups). No further increase in C-peptide occurred during the remaining 20 minutes of the @entity8242 infusion in the @entity6 subjects ( @entity1798 , 0.49 +/- 0.05; NIDD, 0.83 +/- 0.10 nmol/L). In the presence of a plasma @entity413 concentration of 8 mmol/L, physiologic concentrations of porcine @entity8242 caused an immediate but impaired beta-cell response in @entity1798 and NIDD @entity1 .

title: Effect of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide on beta-cell function in type I and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 is common, causing approximately 11% of @entity5 deaths in the UK. However, a GP would only expect to see one new presentation each year. Referral guidelines outlining clinical scenarios of high risk have been published. These aim to help GPs select @entity1 for rapid investigation. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the presenting features of @entity14 in primary care, using the basic structure of the UK Referral Guidelines for Suspected @entity5 . METHODS: A structured literature review was carried out. RESULTS: Two symptoms have a high predictive value for @entity5 : @entity548 and change in bowel habit towards increased looseness or increased stool frequency. Other symptoms, such as @entity490 , are so prevalent in the community that they have little predictive value. There is little published evidence on abdominal or rectal masses and @entity68 deficiency @entity417 as presenting features for @entity14 . However, these are so likely to have an important cause, investigation is mandated. Two areas in the Referral Guidelines are questioned: the need to defer investigation of change in bowel habit towards increased looseness or increased stool frequency for 6 weeks, and the low risk nature of @entity1142 . CONCLUSION: The Referral Guidelines have a reasonable evidence base.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX in primary care: the evidence base for guidelines.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The development of targeted antitumor agent aiming the HER family of @entity669 kinase transmembrane receptors, focused on the issue of target detection. For @entity1722 , the techniques used to detect an overexpression are well established and none has, to date, shown its superiority. These are immunohistochemistry (protein) and in situ fluorescent hybridization (DNA). For @entity470 , the diversity of the activation means (amplification, mutation, enhanced transcription, ligands...) leads to technical caveats. Immunohistochemistry appears to be the most appropriate test for clinical use but standardized assays and scoring systems are mandatory. The @entity470 levels of expression are very high in some normal tissues such as oral mucosae. In @entity5 , @entity470 levels are variable. The highest expression is found in head and neck @entity5 . @entity470 expression is also elevated in @entity358 . @entity470 testing may be required before targeted treatment. An exciting endpoint would be the functional and dynamic evaluation of @entity470 and downstream proteins for @entity1 , before and during treatment.

title: [Epidermal growth factor receptors: status evaluation methods and XXXX expression].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['oral and lung dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Acute @entity2335 in @entity1 has been associated with @entity9504 as well as with @entity293 due to @entity526 . In the United States, the incidence of @entity2335 due to @entity526 appears to be as high as, or higher than that due to adenovirus type 11, but few studies are available. We studied 14 episodes of @entity2335 in 13 @entity1 aged 2-14 years (mean 6.2). Ten were female. Gross @entity811 lasted 1-9 days (mean 2.2). Urine cultures were positive (greater than 10(5) colonies/ml) in 6 episodes (43%). One additional @entity1 had a suspected @entity281 . All @entity1 grew @entity526 . @entity4658 was present in 78.5% but did not correlate with positive cultures. IVP was normal in 82%. @entity526 appears to be a much more common cause of @entity2335 in @entity1 than heretofore reported.

title: Acute @entity2335 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus type 11 infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['acute hemorrhagic cystitis', 'hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Acute @entity2335 in @entity1 has been associated with @entity9504 as well as with @entity293 due to @entity526 . In the United States, the incidence of @entity2335 due to @entity526 appears to be as high as, or higher than that due to adenovirus type 11, but few studies are available. We studied 14 episodes of @entity2335 in 13 @entity1 aged 2-14 years (mean 6.2). Ten were female. Gross @entity811 lasted 1-9 days (mean 2.2). Urine cultures were positive (greater than 10(5) colonies/ml) in 6 episodes (43%). One additional @entity1 had a suspected @entity281 . All @entity1 grew @entity526 . @entity4658 was present in 78.5% but did not correlate with positive cultures. IVP was normal in 82%. @entity526 appears to be a much more common cause of @entity2335 in @entity1 than heretofore reported.

title: Acute XXXX due to @entity526 .

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']


abstract: @entity10183 ( @entity10183 ) is a member of the @entity1457 protein family ( @entity10183 ). It responds to thermal stress in cultured glial cells. To our knowledge. nothing is known about the expression and response of the @entity10183 in @entity2806 . Therefore, we show here the induction of @entity10183 in the brain of @entity19 after global @entity2806 . @entity10183 -like immunoreactivity was detected at 12, 24, and 48 hours after @entity63 recirculation. The @entity10183 -like immunoreactive cells were observed in astrocytes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and @entity4778 . The peak level of @entity10183 -like immunoreactivity was found 48 hours after the recirculation. @entity10183 -like immunoreactivity was observed in GFAP-positive astrocytes by use of a double immunostaining method. These results provide direct evidence for the induction and localization of @entity10183 immunoreactivity in vivo in a @entity19 @entity2806 . We suggest that @entity10183 , produced in astrocytes after @entity63 -recirculation, may directly affect neurons to protect from cell death.

title: Hippocampal heme oxigenase-1 in a XXXX cardiac arrest model.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: It is well known that in @entity1 with communicating @entity1276 or normal pressure @entity1276 , ventricular volume decreases following implantation of differential pressure valved shunts. @entity340 (Miethke dual-switch valves) were implanted in 60 normal pressure @entity1276 @entity1 at Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin between September 1997 and September 2001. One year postoperatively, these @entity1 underwent CT scan, and their ventricular size was ascertained using the Evans index. Although 77% of these @entity1 showed no postoperative change in ventricular volume, 65% nonetheless showed good to excellent clinical improvement, 13% satisfactory improvement and 22% no improvement. A moderate reduction in ventricular size was observed in 17% of the @entity1 in our cohort. 40% of these @entity1 showed good to excellent clinical improvement, 20% satisfactory improvement, and 40% unsatisfactory improvement. A marked reduction in ventricular size was observed in 6% of our @entity1 . Of these latter @entity1 , 50% showed good to excellent outcomes, while 50% had unsatisfactory outcomes. The favorable outcomes following implantation of a hydrostatic shunt in @entity1 with normal pressure @entity1276 did not correlate with decreased ventricular volume one year after operation. Better clinical outcomes were observed in @entity1 with little or no alteration in ventricular size than in @entity1 with a marked decrease in ventricular size. Postoperative change in ventricular volume should be assessed differently for @entity1 with normal pressure @entity1276 than in @entity1 with hypertensive @entity1276 .

title: Is decreased ventricular volume a correlate of positive clinical outcome following shunt placement in cases of normal pressure XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrostatic valves']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity15 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and XXXX . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with @entity500 and @entity229 only. 4-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity15 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with @entity500 and XXXX only. 4-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of XXXX using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with @entity500 and @entity229 only. 4-year follow-up].

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity15 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, XXXX and @entity229 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with @entity500 and @entity229 only. 4-year follow-up].

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity15 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with XXXX and @entity229 only. 4-year follow-up].

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: Chronic effects of @entity3371 were studied in 29 @entity1 (age, 4 months to 16 years; mean, 6.9 years) suffering from digitalis and diuretic resistant @entity712 ( @entity712 ) or @entity101 of different etiology. Twenty two @entity1 with @entity712 (13 dilated, 4 @entity296 , 5 @entity4297 ) and 7 cases with @entity101 were treated for 1 to 31 months (mean, 9 months). The dose of @entity3371 varied from 1 to 3 mg/kg/day (mean, 2.2 mg) in @entity712 and from 1.1 to 6.8 mg/kg/day (mean, 3.7 mg) in @entity101 . In @entity712 digoxin therapy was maintained while the dose of diuretics could be reduced or discontinued. In 4 severely @entity101 @entity1 the addition of a diuretic or beta blockers was necessary. In @entity712 clinical improvement was observed in 13 @entity1 (59%), while there was no response in 4 and 5 @entity1 died. The survivors exhibited a significant decrease of the cardiothoracic index (p less than 0.05), the PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.05) and an increase of the echocardiographic linear ejection fraction (p less than 0.001). If @entity101 was present, blood pressure decreased in all @entity1 (p less than 0.05). @entity3371 was well tolerated by all @entity1 except one who developed @entity417 . This side effect disappeared after having discontinued the drug. These findings suggest that @entity3371 is of benefit in controlling chronic @entity712 . @entity3371 alone or in combination with other drugs is effective in the management of severe @entity101 .

title: Indications and effects of XXXX therapy in childhood.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document symptoms associated with borderline, early and advanced @entity43 and identify personal characteristics associated with early versus late diagnosis. METHODS: Information concerning symptoms and diagnosis history was available from 811 @entity1 with @entity43 who took part in an Australian case-control study in the early 1990s. @entity1 were classified into three groups for comparison based on their diagnosis: borderline, early (stage I-II) and advanced (stage III-IV) invasive @entity5 . RESULTS: Sixteen percent of @entity1 with borderline @entity5 , 7% with early @entity5 and 4% with advanced @entity5 experienced no symptoms before diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Among @entity1 with symptoms, @entity490 (44%) or swelling (39%) were most frequently reported; an abdominal mass (12%) and gynecological symptoms (12%) were less common. Compared to advanced stage @entity5 , @entity1 with early stage @entity5 were more likely to report an abdominal mass or urinary symptoms but less likely to report gastrointestinal problems or general malaise. General malaise and 'other' symptoms were least common in borderline disease. Older @entity1 , and those with higher parity or a family history of @entity5344 , were more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who experience persistent or recurrent abdominal symptoms, particularly swelling and/or @entity158 should be encouraged to seek medical attention and physicians should be alert to the possibility of @entity43 even in the absence of an abdominal mass. Further information about the prevalence of these symptoms in the general population is essential to assist physicians in @entity1 management.

title: Symptoms and diagnosis of borderline, early and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Models for cell killing and repopulation can provide insight into the efficacy of therapies. Using clinical data on @entity0 recurrence after lumpectomy with or without radiotherapy (L+/- @entity138 ) and brain @entity3 after chemotherapy with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation (C+/-PCI) for @entity151 , estimates of cell killing and subclinical repopulation were tested against the results from simple radiobiologic models. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The rates of local @entity0 recurrence after L+/- @entity138 and of brain @entity3 after C+/-PCI were extracted from published randomized trials. In Method 1, assuming simple exponential growth, the cell number distributions after L+/- @entity138 and C+/-PCI were calculated from the clinical data, and the impact of @entity138 on these distributions was determined. In Method 2, "classic" radiobiology dictates that a typical course of breast @entity138 and PCI results in approximately =7 and approximately =4.5 log of cell kill, respectively. Using an assumption of uniform log-kill, the clinical doubling times (CDTs) can be calculated directly from the clinical data. RESULTS: Using Method 1, for @entity0 and assuming a CDT of 110 days and a clinically detectable cell number of 10(9), the calculated cell number distribution would be approximately uniformly distributed from 1 to 10(8) cells, with @entity138 reducing the frequency at all points by approximately =75%. From the brain metastasis data, assuming a CDT of 55 days, a cell number distribution of 10(3) to 10(8) cells would be calculated. PCI reduces the frequency of @entity3 by roughly 40%. For both the breast and the brain data, the effects of @entity138 on the cell number distribution are not consistent with uniform radiosensitivity. Using Method 2, assuming a cell number of 10 after L+/- @entity138 , the calculated CDTs range from 14 to 124 days. For the brain metastasis case, assuming a starting cell number of 3.16 x 10(3), the CDTs would primarily be in the 10-30-day range. CONCLUSION: The distribution of clinical responses to adjuvant @entity138 suggests a broad range of radiosensitivity, rather than uniform log cell kill. The subpopulation of @entity5 with minimal cell kill appears to be significant. This heterogeneity may be due to radioresistant subpopulations, failure to irradiate @entity5 cells, and/or new @entity5 formation. Similarly, the computed CDTs consistent with the clinical data are shorter than those reported in the literature. Simple radiobiologic models that fail to incorporate heterogeneity of radiosensitivity and/or @entity5 cell repopulation do not adequately describe clinical outcomes.

title: Modeling killing and repopulation kinetics of subclinical XXXX : direct calculations from clinical data.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The antihypertensive effects of exercise have been examined in 2 randomized studies of multiple levels of activity. In 12 normal subjects, 1 month's exercise 3 times weekly lowered blood pressure (BP) and vascular resistance. There was only a slightly greater effect after 7 times/week exercise. In most subjects there was a marked reduction in @entity1063 spillover rate, a measure of sympathetic activity. Exercise also improved @entity413 utilization and lowered plasma @entity165 . Thirteen previously untreated @entity1 with essential @entity101 had an average fall in BP of 11/9 and 16/11 mm Hg after 1 month each of 3/week and 7/week exercise respectively, again associated with fall in vascular resistance and a 20-30% reduction in plasma @entity1063 . BP remained lowered by 3/week exercise for 1 year. In @entity1 who had BP controlled with drug for greater than 1 year, exercise 3 times weekly also prevented the redevelopment of @entity101 after long-term drug therapy was ceased. Regular exercise is useful in the initial management of @entity1 with mild @entity101 . In more severely @entity101 @entity1 , exercise may also be effective after an initial period of drug therapy.

title: The place of exercise in the long-term treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity2329 is as frequent a cause of adult biliary disease as @entity5990 in Kashmir Valley, India. In the present study, we prospectively evaluated the role of sonography in the diagnosis of @entity2329 and its utility in monitoring the exit of worms from the bile duct. Sonography was performed on 28 @entity1 with @entity2329 proven by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The bile ducts were dilated on sonography in 26 @entity1 . The characteristic sonographic features of worms in the bile duct were as follows: (a) a single, long, linear or curved echogenic structure without acoustic shadowing (2 @entity1 ); (b) multiple, long, linear, parallel echogenic strips, usually without acoustic shadowing (15 @entity1 ); (c) a thick, long, linear or curved, nonshadowing echogenic strip containing a central, longitudinal anechoic tube, probably representing the digestive tract of the worm (7 @entity1 ); and (d) characteristic movement of these long echogenic structures within the bile duct (8 @entity1 ). One @entity1 with pancreatic @entity2329 exhibited long, linear, nonshadowing echogenic strips in a dilated pancreatic duct. Other sonographic changes observed in these @entity1 were (a) @entity1085 (10 @entity1 ), @entity4 of the gallbladder wall (8 @entity1 ), sludge within the gallbladder (11 @entity1 ), a coiled echogenic structure within the gallbladder (1 @entity1 ); (b) multiple liver abscesses (1 @entity1 ); and (c) @entity788 (4 @entity1 ). Sonography detected worms in the biliary tree in 24 of 28 @entity1 (85.7%). Serial sonograms accurately demonstrated the spontaneous exit of worms in 18 @entity1 and the persistence of worms in 3 @entity1 . Sonography is a simple, rapid, and noninvasive method for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2329 .

title: Sonographic appearances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder distention']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['edematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary ascariasis', 'biliary ascariasis', 'ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

answer: @entity2329 :: (MESH:D001196,Disease) :: ['biliary ascariasis']


abstract: Over 440 000 @entity1 receive medical attention for @entity130 each year in the US. @entity2737 are a major source of morbidity and mortality in these @entity1 . Infected wounds not only heal more slowly, but also may lead to @entity281 . The factors that contribute to wound complications are both the size and depth of the wound. @entity4808 is usually categorized into first-degree (superficial, involving only the epidermis), second-degree (partial thickness, involving both epidermis and dermis), and third-degree (full thickness, through the epidermis, dermis, and into fat). Burns that will not heal within 2 weeks are at least second-degree and should generally be referred to a burn surgeon for possible excision and grafting, due to the increased risk of @entity281 and scarring. The burn wound is dynamic. Proper treatment minimizes the extent of the @entity130 , whereas improper treatment (lack of proper wound-care, @entity4 formation, lack of resuscitation) may actually increase the size and/or depth of the wound. Topical antimicrobial agents have been shown to decrease wound-related @entity281 and morbidity in burn wounds when used appropriately. The goal of topical antimicrobial therapy is to control microbial colonization, thus preventing development of @entity3 . A wide variety of agents are available for treatment of burn wounds, including ointments, creams, biological and nonbiological dressings. Topical antimicrobials of choice include @entity3637 , @entity5154 , @entity1217 and mafenide.

title: Topical treatment of pediatric XXXX with burns: a practical guide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Burn wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['Burn depth']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive infections']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 has been found to depress the laryngeal reflexes. We studied whether this property could be utilized to relieve @entity8822 . METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 3 years, and included @entity1 aged 3-10 years, ASA status I and II. Most of the @entity1 were undergoing minor surgical procedures, under general anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA trade mark ) and caudal epidural analgesia. RESULTS: During this period, 20 @entity1 developed @entity8822 on removal of the LMA at the end of surgery. Initially, they all were treated with 100% O2, with gentle positive pressure ventilation. Out of 20 @entity1 , seven responded well with 100% O2 and gentle positive pressure ventilation. The remaining 13 were treated with a small dose of @entity1875 (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight). @entity8822 was relieved successfully in 10 @entity1 and three @entity1 required intubation to improve their oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1875 in a small dose (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight) was a useful drug to relieve @entity8822 in most @entity1 (76.9%) following the removal of the LMA. Because it was not found to be effective in all @entity1 , @entity2900 still has a role to play in critical conditions. However, we recommend @entity1875 as a suitable alternative for relieving @entity8822 in situations where @entity2900 is contraindicated.

title: Is there a role of a small dose of @entity1875 in the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal spasm', 'Laryngeal spasm']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity8822 :: (MESH:D007826,Disease) :: ['laryngeal spasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 has been found to depress the laryngeal reflexes. We studied whether this property could be utilized to relieve @entity8822 . METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 3 years, and included @entity1 aged 3-10 years, ASA status I and II. Most of the @entity1 were undergoing minor surgical procedures, under general anaesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA trade mark ) and caudal epidural analgesia. RESULTS: During this period, 20 @entity1 developed @entity8822 on removal of the LMA at the end of surgery. Initially, they all were treated with 100% O2, with gentle positive pressure ventilation. Out of 20 @entity1 , seven responded well with 100% O2 and gentle positive pressure ventilation. The remaining 13 were treated with a small dose of @entity1875 (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight). @entity8822 was relieved successfully in 10 @entity1 and three @entity1 required intubation to improve their oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1875 in a small dose (0.8 mg.kg-1 body weight) was a useful drug to relieve @entity8822 in most @entity1 (76.9%) following the removal of the LMA. Because it was not found to be effective in all @entity1 , @entity2900 still has a role to play in critical conditions. However, we recommend @entity1875 as a suitable alternative for relieving @entity8822 in situations where @entity2900 is contraindicated.

title: Is there a role of a small dose of XXXX in the treatment of @entity8822 ?

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Varying results on the effect of factor XIII (FXIII) @entity22653 on venous @entity715 risk have been reported. The probability of a true association between this polymorphism and venous @entity715 risk would be enhanced by a laboratory phenotype associated with this polymorphism and with the @entity715 risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FXIII @entity22653 , FXIII activity and subunit levels on venous @entity715 risk in a large case-control study, The Leiden @entity49 study (LETS). We found higher FXIII activity for 34Leu carriers (Leu/Leu: 158.0, @entity2596 / @entity2596 : 95.0). FXIII subunit levels were not associated with genotype. Higher FXIII activity was associated with a slightly decreased @entity715 risk [Odds ratio (OR): 0.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.5-1.3]. This effect was not present for elevated FXIII subunit levels. Higher FXIII activity was also associated with a higher dissociation index (percentage A2B2 complex dissociated after activation by thrombin for a fixed time interval). This index was higher for FXIII 34Leu carriers. The risk of @entity1150 was slightly decreased for carriers of the 34Leu allele [OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7-1.1)]. For homozygous 34Leu carriers the OR was 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4-1.3). This finding, suggesting a weak protective effect, was completely restricted to @entity1 . An overall estimate of @entity715 risk was calculated by using earlier reports on the risk of FXIII @entity22653 . The overall risk estimate for homozygous 34Leu carriers was 0.8 (95%CI: 0.6-1.0). In this study, a weak protective effect against @entity49 was found, of FXIII 34Leu as well as of increased FXIII activity.

title: Factor XIII XXXX polymorphism, factor XIII antigen levels and activity and the risk of @entity1150 .

entities_list: @entity22653 :: ('p|SUB|V|34|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val34Leu']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity22653 :: (p|SUB|V|34|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['Val34Leu']


abstract: Varying results on the effect of factor XIII (FXIII) @entity22653 on venous @entity715 risk have been reported. The probability of a true association between this polymorphism and venous @entity715 risk would be enhanced by a laboratory phenotype associated with this polymorphism and with the @entity715 risk. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FXIII @entity22653 , FXIII activity and subunit levels on venous @entity715 risk in a large case-control study, The Leiden @entity49 study (LETS). We found higher FXIII activity for 34Leu carriers (Leu/Leu: 158.0, @entity2596 / @entity2596 : 95.0). FXIII subunit levels were not associated with genotype. Higher FXIII activity was associated with a slightly decreased @entity715 risk [Odds ratio (OR): 0.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.5-1.3]. This effect was not present for elevated FXIII subunit levels. Higher FXIII activity was also associated with a higher dissociation index (percentage A2B2 complex dissociated after activation by thrombin for a fixed time interval). This index was higher for FXIII 34Leu carriers. The risk of @entity1150 was slightly decreased for carriers of the 34Leu allele [OR: 0.9 (95%CI: 0.7-1.1)]. For homozygous 34Leu carriers the OR was 0.7 (95%CI: 0.4-1.3). This finding, suggesting a weak protective effect, was completely restricted to @entity1 . An overall estimate of @entity715 risk was calculated by using earlier reports on the risk of FXIII @entity22653 . The overall risk estimate for homozygous 34Leu carriers was 0.8 (95%CI: 0.6-1.0). In this study, a weak protective effect against @entity49 was found, of FXIII 34Leu as well as of increased FXIII activity.

title: Factor XIII @entity22653 polymorphism, factor XIII antigen levels and activity and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: The tRNA( @entity58235 )-methyltransferase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the modified nucleoside @entity58235 (mnm5s2U) present in the wobble position of some tRNAs, was purified close to homogeneity (95% purity). The molecular mass of the enzyme is 79,000 daltons. The enzyme activity has a pH optimum of 8.0-8.5, is inhibited by @entity1760 ions, and stimulated by @entity3104 ions. Two different intermediates in the biosynthesis of mnm5s2U34 are present in tRNA from the mutants trmC1 and trmC2. Unexpectedly, the product present in tRNA from trmC1 cells was identified by mass spectrometric and chromatographic analyses as @entity70971 (cmnm5s2U), i.e. a more complex derivative than the final product mnm5s2U. The product present in tRNA from trmC2 cells was identified as @entity70972 (nm5s2U). In the presence of @entity7726 the most purified enzyme fraction converts both cmnm5s2U34 and nm5s2U34 into mnm5s2U34. In the absence of @entity7726 , however, cmnm5s2U34 is converted into nm5s2U by this enzyme fraction. We conclude that the purified polypeptide has two enzymatic activities; one actually demodifies cmnm5s2U to nm5s2U and the other catalyzes the transfer of a @entity5498 group from @entity7726 to nm5s2U, thus forming mnm5s2U. The sequential order of the biosynthesis of mnm5s2U34 is suggested to be: (Formula: see text). The molecular activity of the methyltransferase activity (nm5s2U34----mnm5s2U34) is 74 min-1, and the steady state concentration of the enzyme is only 78 molecules/genome equivalent in cells growing at a specific growth rate of 1.0/h.

title: Transfer RNA( XXXX )-methyltransferase from Escherichia coli K-12 has two enzymatic activities.

entities_list: @entity70971 :: ('MESH:C030546', 'Chemical') :: ['5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity70972 :: ('CHEBI:73768', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminomethyl-2-thiouridine']

entities_list: @entity58235 :: ('MESH:C011916', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity58235 :: (MESH:C011916,Chemical) :: ['5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine']


abstract: From 10 endogenous @entity308 and 10 @entity162 alert but relaxed @entity1 closed-eye-EEG's were registered at 8.00 a.m., 12.00 noon, 4.00 p.m., and 8.00 p.m., and recorded on tape for computer processing. Simultaneously each time the body temperature was measured. The findings were compared with corresponding former data of 12 healthy young @entity1 and 10 healthy aged volunteers. RESULTS: The peak-frequency of the @entity162 @entity1 proved to be significantly higher than that of the @entity308 ones, and besides slightly exceeded that of the healthy @entity1 . While in the latter temperature and occipital peak-frequency ascend step by step from the morning to the evening, the @entity308 @entity1 show a resembling increase only in outlines in the peak-frequency, whereas the temperature already decreases from 4.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. In the @entity162 @entity1 peak-frequency and temperature and delta-Power reach their acme at 4.00 p.m., but as well the peak-power as the power of alpha- and beta-frequency-bands show a trough just at 4.00 p.m. In the @entity308 @entity1 , on the other hand, alpha-, theta, and delta-frequency-bands mainly have their summits at 12.00 noon. Finely the @entity162 @entity1 stand out by most significant band-power-variations between the distinct daytimes, while uninterrupted gradual increasing is extreme rare. In the @entity308 @entity1 both these events scarcely are found. The healthy volunteers have intermediate positions. All in all the results show, that in @entity308 circadian variations of EEG-parameters appear disorganized, while in mania a modified organization prevails.

title: [Circadian rhythm-related EEG changes in @entity308 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'endogenous depression']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['manias']


abstract: From 10 endogenous @entity308 and 10 @entity162 alert but relaxed @entity1 closed-eye-EEG's were registered at 8.00 a.m., 12.00 noon, 4.00 p.m., and 8.00 p.m., and recorded on tape for computer processing. Simultaneously each time the body temperature was measured. The findings were compared with corresponding former data of 12 healthy young @entity1 and 10 healthy aged volunteers. RESULTS: The peak-frequency of the @entity162 @entity1 proved to be significantly higher than that of the @entity308 ones, and besides slightly exceeded that of the healthy @entity1 . While in the latter temperature and occipital peak-frequency ascend step by step from the morning to the evening, the @entity308 @entity1 show a resembling increase only in outlines in the peak-frequency, whereas the temperature already decreases from 4.00 p.m. to 8.00 p.m. In the @entity162 @entity1 peak-frequency and temperature and delta-Power reach their acme at 4.00 p.m., but as well the peak-power as the power of alpha- and beta-frequency-bands show a trough just at 4.00 p.m. In the @entity308 @entity1 , on the other hand, alpha-, theta, and delta-frequency-bands mainly have their summits at 12.00 noon. Finely the @entity162 @entity1 stand out by most significant band-power-variations between the distinct daytimes, while uninterrupted gradual increasing is extreme rare. In the @entity308 @entity1 both these events scarcely are found. The healthy volunteers have intermediate positions. All in all the results show, that in @entity308 circadian variations of EEG-parameters appear disorganized, while in mania a modified organization prevails.

title: [Circadian rhythm-related EEG changes in XXXX and @entity162 ].

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous depressions']


abstract: This article explores how myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) may relate to @entity85 ( @entity85 ) in the workplace and what might be done about it. The cause of much @entity85 and @entity158 is often enigmatic to modern medicine and very costly, just as the cause of MTrPs has been elusive for the past century, despite an extensive literature that is confusing because of restricted regional approaches and a seemingly endless variety of names. MTrPs are activated by acute or persistent @entity121 , which is characteristic of @entity85 in the workplace. MTrPs can involve any, and sometimes many, of the skeletal muscles in the body and are a major, complex cause of @entity4512 . The clinical and etiological characteristics of MTrPs have been underexplored by investigators, leading to undertraining of health care professionals, underappreciation of their clinical importance. MTrPs have no gold standard diagnostic criterion, and no routinely available laboratory or imaging test. MTrPs require a specific non-routine examination and muscle-specific treatment for prompt relief when acute, and also resolution of perpetuating factors when chronic. After identifying a critical false assumption, electrodiagnostic studies are now making encouraging progress toward clarifying the etiology of MTrPs based on the 5- or 6-step positive-feedback model of the integrated hypothesis. Specific research needs are noted. MTrPs are treatable and they deserve increased attention and consideration by research investigators and clinicians.

title: Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of XXXX and dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['MSD', 'musculoskeletal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle overload']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['enigmatic musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: The patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the secretory responses of @entity35 peritoneal mast cells at various intracellular @entity460 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i). When @entity460 was introduced into the cell with pipette-loaded @entity29576 , elevation of [ @entity141 ]i into the range 1-10 microM induced membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At higher concentrations a decrease of the response was observed. Cells that were exposed to micromolar [ @entity141 ]i underwent morphological alterations resulting in swelling, which is indicative of cytoskeletal alterations. The presence of @entity29576 (4 mM) strongly inhibited secretion induced by @entity3007 -gamma-S, thus hampering the contribution of G-protein-mediated stimulation. Application of the @entity141 ionophore @entity1360 resulted in transient increases in [ @entity141 ]i which were parallelled by @entity141 -dependent secretion. Effective buffering of the cytosolic @entity460 level below 1 microM abolished the secretory response. Our results show that an increase in [ @entity141 ]i can trigger secretion, but only if it is high and sustained. During physiological stimulation, however, secretion proceeds at [ @entity141 ]i below 1 microM. It is, therefore, concluded that mast cell degranulation under physiological conditions is not simply a result of an increase in [ @entity141 ]i, but that other second messenger systems in conjunction with @entity460 act synergistically in order to ensure fast and efficient secretion.

title: Secretory responses of @entity35 peritoneal mast cells to high intracellular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29576 :: ('MESH:C053459', 'Chemical') :: ['dibromo-BAPTA']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the secretory responses of @entity35 peritoneal mast cells at various intracellular @entity460 concentrations ([ @entity141 ]i). When @entity460 was introduced into the cell with pipette-loaded @entity29576 , elevation of [ @entity141 ]i into the range 1-10 microM induced membrane capacitance increases indicative of exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At higher concentrations a decrease of the response was observed. Cells that were exposed to micromolar [ @entity141 ]i underwent morphological alterations resulting in swelling, which is indicative of cytoskeletal alterations. The presence of @entity29576 (4 mM) strongly inhibited secretion induced by @entity3007 -gamma-S, thus hampering the contribution of G-protein-mediated stimulation. Application of the @entity141 ionophore @entity1360 resulted in transient increases in [ @entity141 ]i which were parallelled by @entity141 -dependent secretion. Effective buffering of the cytosolic @entity460 level below 1 microM abolished the secretory response. Our results show that an increase in [ @entity141 ]i can trigger secretion, but only if it is high and sustained. During physiological stimulation, however, secretion proceeds at [ @entity141 ]i below 1 microM. It is, therefore, concluded that mast cell degranulation under physiological conditions is not simply a result of an increase in [ @entity141 ]i, but that other second messenger systems in conjunction with @entity460 act synergistically in order to ensure fast and efficient secretion.

title: Secretory responses of XXXX peritoneal mast cells to high intracellular @entity460 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity548 are being over investigated because of the fear of missing @entity14 . This study aimed to identify the percentage of @entity1 <45 years of age who undergo flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity548 , and to assess and compare the incidence of @entity14 and @entity1127 above and below this age. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity548 between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2002 were reviewed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of @entity1 aged >or=45 years and group 2 @entity1 <45 years. The histopathology of biopsy specimens taken was also studied. RESULTS: Altogether 18.9% of the @entity1 who had flexible sigmoidoscopy for @entity548 were <45 years. The incidence of @entity14 in group 1 was 3.5%; all these cases were confirmed on histopathology. Only one @entity1 in group 2 was diagnosed with @entity14 on flexible sigmoidoscopy, but the histopathology disproved it. The incidence of @entity1127 was 16.6% in group 1 and 7.9% in group 2. Following histopathology, the incidence of @entity6523 was 6.8% in group 1 and 2.1% in group 2. There was a significant difference between the two groups, with a p value of <0.0001. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity14 and @entity6523 in @entity1 aged <45 years with @entity548 is very low. A flexible sigmoidoscopy costs approximately pound 330. If new guidelines are implemented considering the age of the @entity1 , considerable cost savings could be made, and the available resources could be appropriately used in groups with high incidences of @entity14 .

title: Audit on flexible sigmoidoscopy for XXXX in a district general hospital: are we over-loading the resources?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['rectal bleeding']


abstract: @entity1593 is a @entity29 characterized by flattened villi and crypt @entity1373 , often with @entity8884 . Improvement occurs with a gluten-free diet. Sensitive and specific assays (eg, immunoglobulin A antibodies to @entity8265 [ @entity8265 ]) that can be quantified appear to be valuable tools for population screening studies. In addition, their use is expanding widely in the clinical practice arena, being employed as a method of case finding. In this evaluation, clinical use of a commercially available test kit was explored. Of 1330 samples submitted to our hospital laboratory by physicians in British Columbia, Alberta and the Yukon Territory (from 1999 to 2003, inclusive), 96 @entity1 (7%) had increased values (normal range greater than 20 units) and markedly increased levels greater than 100 units were detected in 36 @entity1 (3%). Of these, 14 @entity1 (almost 40%) were referred to gastroenterologists in our hospital and all 14 had small intestinal biopsies. Of these, three @entity1 (more than 20%) did not have @entity1593 . Two had normal small bowel biopsies and one had unclassified @entity1593 that failed to respond to a gluten-free diet. The other 11 had biopsy-defined @entity1593 . While the @entity8265 assay may be a useful predictor of @entity1593 , small intestinal biopsy is still required to confirm the diagnosis. In clinical practice, even strongly positive @entity8265 results are not specific in individual @entity1 , do not necessarily correlate with the degree of severity of biopsy change and, as a result, are also unlikely to be useful for monitoring diet compliance.

title: Strongly positive XXXX antibody assays without @entity1593 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease', "sprue or 'sprue-like' intestinal disease"]

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel disorder']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase', 'tTG']

answer: @entity8265 :: (7052,Gene) :: ['tissue transglutaminase']


abstract: @entity1593 is a @entity29 characterized by flattened villi and crypt @entity1373 , often with @entity8884 . Improvement occurs with a gluten-free diet. Sensitive and specific assays (eg, immunoglobulin A antibodies to @entity8265 [ @entity8265 ]) that can be quantified appear to be valuable tools for population screening studies. In addition, their use is expanding widely in the clinical practice arena, being employed as a method of case finding. In this evaluation, clinical use of a commercially available test kit was explored. Of 1330 samples submitted to our hospital laboratory by physicians in British Columbia, Alberta and the Yukon Territory (from 1999 to 2003, inclusive), 96 @entity1 (7%) had increased values (normal range greater than 20 units) and markedly increased levels greater than 100 units were detected in 36 @entity1 (3%). Of these, 14 @entity1 (almost 40%) were referred to gastroenterologists in our hospital and all 14 had small intestinal biopsies. Of these, three @entity1 (more than 20%) did not have @entity1593 . Two had normal small bowel biopsies and one had unclassified @entity1593 that failed to respond to a gluten-free diet. The other 11 had biopsy-defined @entity1593 . While the @entity8265 assay may be a useful predictor of @entity1593 , small intestinal biopsy is still required to confirm the diagnosis. In clinical practice, even strongly positive @entity8265 results are not specific in individual @entity1 , do not necessarily correlate with the degree of severity of biopsy change and, as a result, are also unlikely to be useful for monitoring diet compliance.

title: Strongly positive @entity8265 antibody assays without XXXX .

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the tryptase and @entity112 release ability of @entity1 colon mast cells upon IgE dependent or independent activation and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Enzymatically dispersed cells from @entity1 colons were challenged with anti-IgE or @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 , and the cell supernatants after challenge were collected. Both concentration dependent and time course studies with anti-IgE or @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 were performed. Tryptase release was determined with a sandwich ELISA procedure and @entity112 release was measured using a glass fibre-based fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Both anti-IgE and @entity460 ionophore were able to induce dose dependent release of @entity112 from colon mast cells with up to approximately 60% and 25% net @entity112 release being achieved with 1 microg/mL @entity460 ionophore and 10 microg/mL anti-IgE, respectively. Dose dependent release of tryptase was also observed with up to approximately 19 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL release of tryptase being achieved with 10 microg/mL anti-IgE and 1 microg/mL @entity460 ionophore, respectively. Time course study revealed that both tryptase and @entity112 release from colon mast cells stimulated by anti-IgE initiated within 10 sec and reached their maximum release at 6 min following challenge. Pretreatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors abolished the actions of anti-IgE as well as @entity460 ionophore. Tryptase and @entity112 release, particularly that induced by @entity460 ionophore was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. CONCLUSION: Both anti-IgE and @entity460 ionophore are able to induce significant release of tryptase and @entity112 from colon mast cells, indicating that this cell type is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1960 and other mast cell associated intestinal diseases.

title: Induction of tryptase and XXXX release from @entity1 colon mast cells by IgE dependent or independent mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the tryptase and @entity112 release ability of @entity1 colon mast cells upon IgE dependent or independent activation and the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Enzymatically dispersed cells from @entity1 colons were challenged with anti-IgE or @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 , and the cell supernatants after challenge were collected. Both concentration dependent and time course studies with anti-IgE or @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 were performed. Tryptase release was determined with a sandwich ELISA procedure and @entity112 release was measured using a glass fibre-based fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Both anti-IgE and @entity460 ionophore were able to induce dose dependent release of @entity112 from colon mast cells with up to approximately 60% and 25% net @entity112 release being achieved with 1 microg/mL @entity460 ionophore and 10 microg/mL anti-IgE, respectively. Dose dependent release of tryptase was also observed with up to approximately 19 ng/mL and 21 ng/mL release of tryptase being achieved with 10 microg/mL anti-IgE and 1 microg/mL @entity460 ionophore, respectively. Time course study revealed that both tryptase and @entity112 release from colon mast cells stimulated by anti-IgE initiated within 10 sec and reached their maximum release at 6 min following challenge. Pretreatment of cells with metabolic inhibitors abolished the actions of anti-IgE as well as @entity460 ionophore. Tryptase and @entity112 release, particularly that induced by @entity460 ionophore was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. CONCLUSION: Both anti-IgE and @entity460 ionophore are able to induce significant release of tryptase and @entity112 from colon mast cells, indicating that this cell type is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1960 and other mast cell associated intestinal diseases.

title: Induction of tryptase and @entity112 release from XXXX colon mast cells by IgE dependent or independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: An investigation into @entity29 and @entity14 in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001. METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of @entity1 were followed up regularly. RESULTS: The population of the province was decreased from 386,000 to 376,000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of @entity31 ( @entity31 ), 212 of @entity30 ( @entity30 ), and 40 of indeterminate @entity1960 (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100,000 @entity1 for @entity31 , from 0.41 to 4.68 for @entity30 and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for @entity31 and 52.9 cases per 100,000 @entity1 for @entity30 . The peak onset age in @entity31 @entity1 was between 30 and 40 years, in @entity30 between 20 and 30 years. A family history of @entity8787 was present in 3.4 % in @entity31 and 9.9 % in @entity30 @entity1 . Smoking increased the risk for @entity30 (OR=1.98) while it decreased the risk for @entity31 (OR=0.25). Twelve @entity14 were observed in this cohort, the cumulative @entity14 risk after 10 years in @entity31 was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence rates of @entity8787 have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of @entity14 in @entity8787 is similar to that observed in Western countries.

title: Striking elevation in incidence and prevalence of XXXX in a province of western Hungary between 1977-2001.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity6963 (LNF) using 100 mg/week in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1 who were clinically active using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity309 were enrolled. They received a loading dose of 100 mg of LFN for 3 days, followed by 100 mg of LFN weekly. Efficacy and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled; 46 (93.6%) were @entity1 with a mean age of 45.6 years (range: 24 to 83). Disease duration was 3.7 years (range: 0.5 to 12). Twenty @entity1 (40.8%) had previously taken disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Outcomes achieved after 24 weeks of treatment were as follows: ACR20 (74%), ACR50 (64%), and ACR70 (28%). Five @entity1 were withdrawn due to @entity137 : 2 due to @entity110 , 2 @entity1 had elevated liver enzymes, and one had @entity882 . Six @entity1 (12%) were lost to followup. No severe @entity137 were seen. CONCLUSION: The results in our preliminary report indicate that using a 100 mg/week dose achieves a similar benefit to the LFN 20 mg/day treatment, and there were no severe @entity137 . In addition, a single LFN weekly dose has better treatment compliance. A secondary important benefit is the reduction of the monthly cost of medication. Comparative and blind trials are necessary in order to confirm longterm improvement and benefits on this regimen.

title: XXXX treatment with weekly @entity6963 : an open-label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'adverse events']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity6963 (LNF) using 100 mg/week in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1 who were clinically active using the American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity309 were enrolled. They received a loading dose of 100 mg of LFN for 3 days, followed by 100 mg of LFN weekly. Efficacy and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were enrolled; 46 (93.6%) were @entity1 with a mean age of 45.6 years (range: 24 to 83). Disease duration was 3.7 years (range: 0.5 to 12). Twenty @entity1 (40.8%) had previously taken disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Outcomes achieved after 24 weeks of treatment were as follows: ACR20 (74%), ACR50 (64%), and ACR70 (28%). Five @entity1 were withdrawn due to @entity137 : 2 due to @entity110 , 2 @entity1 had elevated liver enzymes, and one had @entity882 . Six @entity1 (12%) were lost to followup. No severe @entity137 were seen. CONCLUSION: The results in our preliminary report indicate that using a 100 mg/week dose achieves a similar benefit to the LFN 20 mg/day treatment, and there were no severe @entity137 . In addition, a single LFN weekly dose has better treatment compliance. A secondary important benefit is the reduction of the monthly cost of medication. Comparative and blind trials are necessary in order to confirm longterm improvement and benefits on this regimen.

title: @entity309 treatment with weekly XXXX : an open-label study.

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: The frequency and pattern of T gamma gene rearrangement and expression was investigated in @entity1583 including T and B lymphoid and @entity5 . 39 of 39 @entity706 , including fresh cases and cell lines, were found to display clonal T gamma gene rearrangements. There was heterogeneity with respect to utilization of the two T gamma constant region genes, T gamma C1 and T gamma C2. In 31 cases (80%) T gamma C1 was deleted and T gamma C2 was rearranged, while in the remaining 8 cases (20%) T gamma C1 was rearranged. T gamma gene rearrangements were found in non-T cells, but were restricted to 6/17 (35%) immature B cell neoplasms. All 24 mature B cell and 14 @entity5 retained the T gamma germ line pattern. T gamma mRNA was found in all T cells tested. However, the majority (16/17) of T cells most likely do not express a T gamma protein since a T alpha/beta heterodimer detected by reactivity with the MoAb WT31 is present on the cell surface together with T3. These data suggest that T gamma gene rearrangements are universal in T cells and frequent in immature B cell neoplastic populations. However, expression of the T gamma protein is extremely infrequent, indicating that @entity784 are very rarely derived from the recently identified T3+T gamma +T alpha/beta- peripheral T cell population.

title: Patterns of T cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement and expression in B and T XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid neoplasms', 'myeloid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoid neoplasms']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid malignancies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Calotropis procera is known to produce @entity5526 and the latex of this plant produces intense @entity32 when injected locally. However, the precise mode of its pro-inflammatory effect is not known. In present study we have pharmacologically characterized the @entity32 induced by latex of C. procera in a @entity35 paw @entity4 model and determined the role of @entity112 in latex-induced @entity32 . METHODS: Inflammation was induced in the hind paw of @entity35 by injecting different doses of dried latex (DL) of C. procera. The inhibitory effect of @entity11464 , @entity619 , @entity12698 , @entity7782 , @entity17567 and compound 48/80 on @entity4 volume was evaluated and compared with that against carrageenan. The @entity112 content of DL was measured fluorometrically. RESULTS: DL produced dose-dependent @entity32 of the @entity35 paw. @entity7782 and @entity17567 effectively inhibited DL-induced @entity32 (90%; p < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory drugs @entity11464 , @entity619 and @entity12698 were more effective against carrageenan-induced @entity32 . Depletion of mast cell @entity112 by compound 48/80 produced a significant decrease in DL-induced @entity32 as compared with carrageenan (500% versus 25%). DL was also found to contain about 6 microg/g of @entity112 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study shows that the biogenic @entity4478 play a significant role in C. procera latex-induced @entity32 and antihistaminic drugs could be effectively used to inhibit inflammatory response elicited by exposure to latex.

title: XXXX mediates the pro-inflammatory effect of latex of Calotropis procera in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine', 'Cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Calotropis procera is known to produce @entity5526 and the latex of this plant produces intense @entity32 when injected locally. However, the precise mode of its pro-inflammatory effect is not known. In present study we have pharmacologically characterized the @entity32 induced by latex of C. procera in a @entity35 paw @entity4 model and determined the role of @entity112 in latex-induced @entity32 . METHODS: Inflammation was induced in the hind paw of @entity35 by injecting different doses of dried latex (DL) of C. procera. The inhibitory effect of @entity11464 , @entity619 , @entity12698 , @entity7782 , @entity17567 and compound 48/80 on @entity4 volume was evaluated and compared with that against carrageenan. The @entity112 content of DL was measured fluorometrically. RESULTS: DL produced dose-dependent @entity32 of the @entity35 paw. @entity7782 and @entity17567 effectively inhibited DL-induced @entity32 (90%; p < 0.01), while anti-inflammatory drugs @entity11464 , @entity619 and @entity12698 were more effective against carrageenan-induced @entity32 . Depletion of mast cell @entity112 by compound 48/80 produced a significant decrease in DL-induced @entity32 as compared with carrageenan (500% versus 25%). DL was also found to contain about 6 microg/g of @entity112 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our study shows that the biogenic @entity4478 play a significant role in C. procera latex-induced @entity32 and antihistaminic drugs could be effectively used to inhibit inflammatory response elicited by exposure to latex.

title: @entity112 mediates the pro-inflammatory effect of latex of Calotropis procera in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriatic plaques have been shown to contain increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, @entity6977 , @entity687 , and @entity379 have been reported elevated in psoriatic @entity1 . AIM: To evaluate serum cytokine profiles in @entity1569 @entity1 by improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and to correlate these levels with disease severity. METHODS: We analyzed single serum samples from 10 @entity1 with active untreated @entity1569 , two @entity1 with active treated @entity1569 , and five healthy volunteers for major T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cytokines using the LINCOplex ELISA multi-analyte detection system that permits simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines from a single sample. The disease severity, including erythema, induration, scale, and surface area, was assessed. RESULTS: @entity379 was markedly elevated in all sera from @entity1569 @entity1 , 33.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (mean +/- standard error) versus 8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml for normal controls (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with all indices of disease severity (Spearman r > 0.6). @entity687 was also increased in @entity1569 @entity1 (24.4 +/- 1.8 pg/ml) versus normal controls (3.6 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the degree of erythema (Spearman r > 0.6). Mean IL-12 levels were decreased in sera from @entity1569 @entity1 (8.5 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) compared with normal controls (42.2 +/- 5.3 pg/ml) (p < 0.01). Also, serum @entity688 levels were below detection levels in psoriatics compared with controls (6.4 +/- 1.3 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: This new ELISA system allowed rapid and reliable detection of numerous cytokines in single serum samples from @entity1 with @entity1569 . We observed that @entity379 and @entity687 cytokines were elevated in psoriatics and correlated with parameters of disease severity while @entity688 and IL-12 were decreased.

title: Simultaneous measurement of multiple Th1 and Th2 serum cytokines in XXXX and correlation with disease severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Fetal @entity742 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity1954 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1063 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5521 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity1169 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity2900 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal XXXX temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity1954 , @entity1063 , @entity1169 and @entity2900 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['suxamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Fetal @entity742 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity1954 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1063 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5521 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity1169 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity2900 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity742 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity1954 , @entity1063 , XXXX and @entity2900 .

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: Fetal @entity742 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity1954 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1063 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5521 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity1169 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity2900 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity742 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity1954 , XXXX , @entity1169 and @entity2900 .

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: Fetal @entity742 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity1954 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1063 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5521 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity1169 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity2900 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity742 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of XXXX , @entity1063 , @entity1169 and @entity2900 .

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: Fetal @entity742 (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering @entity1954 (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of @entity1063 (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with @entity5521 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then @entity1169 (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or @entity2900 (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fetal @entity742 temperatures in utero during cooling and application of @entity1954 , @entity1063 , @entity1169 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['suxamethonium']