abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective To study the incidence, clinical presentation, risk factors, imaging diagnosis, and clinical outcome of perinatal @entity64 . Methods Data was retrospectively collected from full-term newborns admitted to the neonatal unit of a level III maternity in Lisbon with @entity64 , from January 2007 to December 2011. Results There were 11 cases of @entity64 : nine were arterial @entity385 and two were @entity50 . We estimated an incidence of arterial @entity50 of 7.2/100,000 births. There were two cases of recurrent @entity64 . Eight @entity1 presented with symptoms while the remaining three were asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed. The most frequently registered symptoms (8/11) were @entity410 ; in that, generalized clonic (3/8) and focal clonic (5/8). @entity64 were more commonly left-sided (9/11), and the most affected artery was the left middle cerebral artery (8/11). Transfontanelle ultrasound was positive in most of the @entity1 (10/11), and @entity64 was confirmed by cerebral magnetic resonance in all @entity1 . Electroencephalographic recordings were carried out in five @entity1 and were abnormal in three (focal abnormalities n=2, burst-suppression pattern n=1). Eight @entity1 had previously identified risk factors for @entity64 which included @entity2143 . Ten @entity1 were followed up at outpatients setting; four @entity1 developed @entity51 and one presented with @entity302 . Conclusions Although a modest and heterogeneous sample, this study emphasizes the need for a high level of suspicion when it comes to @entity64 , primarily in the presence of risk factors. The prevalence of neurological sequelae in our series supports the need of long-term follow-up and early intervention strategies.

title: Perinatal XXXX : a five-year retrospective study in a level-III maternity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Strokes', 'neonatal stroke', 'stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric and neonatal causes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'ischemic stroke of 1.6/5,000 births and of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Both @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )A and GABAB receptor subtypes have been implicated in spinally mediated antinociception in @entity12761 models. In the current study, the @entity406 test was used as a model of protracted nociception to examine the effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered @entity1772 (GABAB agonist), @entity6341 (GABAA agonist) or @entity1363 (a @entity1245 ) on antinociception. At doses that did not affect motor function, @entity1772 (0.3 and 1.0 micrograms, i.t.) decreased the flinch response in a dose-dependent manner during Phase 1 and Phase 2. This effect was reversible by the GABAB-specific antagonist, @entity7233 ( @entity7233 ). @entity6341 (0.3 and 1.0 microgram i.t.) evoked a dose-dependent, @entity1027 -reversible decrease in flinching during Phase 1 and Phase 2, but @entity1363 had no effect on either phase. No attenuation of the quiescent period between Phase 1 and Phase 2 was seen upon administration of @entity1772 , @entity6341 or @entity1363 . Additionally, no increase in nocifensive behavior was observed upon administration of either GABAA or GABAB antagonists alone. Therefore, our conclusions are that both GABAA and GABAB agonists are antinociceptive at the spinal cord level and that endogenous spinal @entity1246 levels are insufficient for a @entity1246 potentiator to act alone in an antinociceptive manner.

title: Intrathecal XXXX and @entity6341 , but not @entity1363 , are antinociceptive using the rat-formalin model.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['Muscimol', 'muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity7233 :: ('MESH:C066430', 'Chemical') :: ['[P-(3-aminopropyl)-P-diethoxymethyl-phosphinic acid]', 'CGP35348']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: Both @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )A and GABAB receptor subtypes have been implicated in spinally mediated antinociception in @entity12761 models. In the current study, the @entity406 test was used as a model of protracted nociception to examine the effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered @entity1772 (GABAB agonist), @entity6341 (GABAA agonist) or @entity1363 (a @entity1245 ) on antinociception. At doses that did not affect motor function, @entity1772 (0.3 and 1.0 micrograms, i.t.) decreased the flinch response in a dose-dependent manner during Phase 1 and Phase 2. This effect was reversible by the GABAB-specific antagonist, @entity7233 ( @entity7233 ). @entity6341 (0.3 and 1.0 microgram i.t.) evoked a dose-dependent, @entity1027 -reversible decrease in flinching during Phase 1 and Phase 2, but @entity1363 had no effect on either phase. No attenuation of the quiescent period between Phase 1 and Phase 2 was seen upon administration of @entity1772 , @entity6341 or @entity1363 . Additionally, no increase in nocifensive behavior was observed upon administration of either GABAA or GABAB antagonists alone. Therefore, our conclusions are that both GABAA and GABAB agonists are antinociceptive at the spinal cord level and that endogenous spinal @entity1246 levels are insufficient for a @entity1246 potentiator to act alone in an antinociceptive manner.

title: Intrathecal @entity1772 and XXXX , but not @entity1363 , are antinociceptive using the rat-formalin model.

answer: @entity6341 :: (MESH:D009118,Chemical) :: ['muscimol']


abstract: Both @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )A and GABAB receptor subtypes have been implicated in spinally mediated antinociception in @entity12761 models. In the current study, the @entity406 test was used as a model of protracted nociception to examine the effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered @entity1772 (GABAB agonist), @entity6341 (GABAA agonist) or @entity1363 (a @entity1245 ) on antinociception. At doses that did not affect motor function, @entity1772 (0.3 and 1.0 micrograms, i.t.) decreased the flinch response in a dose-dependent manner during Phase 1 and Phase 2. This effect was reversible by the GABAB-specific antagonist, @entity7233 ( @entity7233 ). @entity6341 (0.3 and 1.0 microgram i.t.) evoked a dose-dependent, @entity1027 -reversible decrease in flinching during Phase 1 and Phase 2, but @entity1363 had no effect on either phase. No attenuation of the quiescent period between Phase 1 and Phase 2 was seen upon administration of @entity1772 , @entity6341 or @entity1363 . Additionally, no increase in nocifensive behavior was observed upon administration of either GABAA or GABAB antagonists alone. Therefore, our conclusions are that both GABAA and GABAB agonists are antinociceptive at the spinal cord level and that endogenous spinal @entity1246 levels are insufficient for a @entity1246 potentiator to act alone in an antinociceptive manner.

title: Intrathecal @entity1772 and @entity6341 , but not XXXX , are antinociceptive using the rat-formalin model.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: China has implemented a free-service policy for @entity378 . However, @entity1 still have to pay a substantial proportion of their annual income for treatment of this disease. This study describes the economic burden on @entity1 with @entity378 ; identifies related factors by comparing two areas with different management models; and provides policy recommendation for @entity378 control reform in China. METHODS: There are three @entity378 management models in China: the @entity378 dispensary model, specialist model and integrated model. We selected Zhangjiagang (ZJG) and Taixing (TX) as the study sites, which correspond to areas implementing the integrated model and dispensary model, respectively. @entity1 diagnosed and treated for @entity378 since January 2010 were recruited as study subjects. A total of 590 @entity1 (316 @entity1 from ZJG and 274 @entity1 from TX) were interviewed with a response rate of 81%. The economic burden attributed to @entity378 , including direct costs and indirect costs, was estimated and compared between the two study sites. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare the cost differences between the two groups. Potential factors related to the total out-of-pocket costs were analyzed based on a step-by-step multivariate linear regression model after the logarithmic transformation of the costs. RESULTS: The average (median, interquartile range) total cost was 18793.33 (9965, 3200-24400) CNY for @entity1 in ZJG, which was significantly higher than for @entity1 in TX (mean: 6598.33, median: 2263, interquartile range: 983-6688) (Z = 10.42, P < 0.001). After excluding expenses covered by health insurance, the average out-of-pocket costs were 14304.4 CNY in ZJG and 5639.2 CNY in TX. Based on the multivariable linear regression analysis, factors related to the total out-of-pocket costs were study site, age, number of clinical visits, residence, diagnosis delay, hospitalization, intake of liver protective drugs and use of the second-line drugs. CONCLUSION: Under the current "free of diagnosis and treatment" policy, the financial burden remains heavy on @entity378 @entity1 . Policy makers need to consider appropriate steps to lessen the burden of out-of-pocket costs for @entity378 @entity1 in China and how best to improve service delivery for poor @entity1 .

title: Is XXXX Treatment Really Free in China? A Study Comparing Two Areas with Different Management Models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: C-peptide has intrinsic biological activity and may be renoprotective. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether C-peptide had a beneficial effect on renal outcomes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Databases were searched for @entity1 and animal studies in which C-peptide was administered and renal endpoints were subsequently measured. We identified 4 @entity1 trials involving 74 @entity1 as well as 18 animal studies involving 35 separate experiments with a total of 641 animals. In @entity1 , the renal effects of exogenously delivered C-peptide were only studied in type 1 diabetics with either normal renal function or incipient @entity8 . Pooled analysis showed no difference in GFR (mean difference, -1.36 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2, p = 0.72) in @entity1 receiving C-peptide compared to a control group, but two studies reported a reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration (p<0.05). Reduction in @entity633 was also reported in the C-peptide group (p<0.05). In @entity6 rodent models, C-peptide led to a reduction in GFR (mean difference, -0.62 mL/min, p<0.00001) reflecting a partial reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration. C-peptide also reduced @entity644 (mean difference, -186.25 mg/day, p = 0.05), glomerular volume (p<0.00001), and mesangial matrix area (p<0.00001) in @entity6 animals without affecting blood pressure or plasma @entity413 . Most studies were relatively short-term in duration, ranging from 1 hour to 3 months. @entity1 studies of sufficient sample size and duration are needed to determine if the beneficial effects of C-peptide seen in animal models translate into improved long-term clinical outcomes for @entity1 with @entity740 . (PROSPERO CRD42014007472).

title: C-peptide as a Therapy for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is currently the most efficacious treatment for @entity28 and its associated metabolic co-morbidities, such as @entity6 . The metabolic improvements occur through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) have emerged as key signalling molecules that have a central role in modulating many of the physiological effects seen after bariatric surgery. This systematic review assesses the evidence from both @entity1 and animal studies for the role of @entity7902 in reducing the metabolic complications of @entity28 following bariatric surgery. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of Medline and Embase databases to identify all articles investigating the role of @entity7902 in mediating the metabolic changes observed following bariatric surgery in both animal and @entity1 studies. Boolean logic was used with relevant search terms, including the following MeSH terms: ' @entity3645 and salts', 'bariatric surgery', 'metabolic surgery', 'gastrointestinal tract/surgery' and ' @entity28 /surgery'. RESULTS: Following database searches (n=1197), inclusion from bibliography searches (n=2) and de-duplication (n=197), 1002 search results were returned. Of these, 132 articles were selected for full-text review, of which 38 articles were deemed relevant and included in the review. The findings support the effects of @entity7902 on satiety, lipid and @entity165 metabolism, incretins and @entity413 homoeostasis, energy metabolism, gut microbiota and endoplasmic reticulum stress following bariatric surgery. Many of these metabolic effects are modulated through the BA receptors @entity4961 and @entity14646 . We also explore a possible link between @entity7902 and @entity105 following bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Overall there is good evidence to support the role of @entity7902 in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery through the above mechanisms. @entity7902 could serve as a novel therapeutic pharmacological target for the treatment of @entity28 and its associated co-morbidities.

title: The role of XXXX in reducing the metabolic complications of @entity28 after bariatric surgery: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is currently the most efficacious treatment for @entity28 and its associated metabolic co-morbidities, such as @entity6 . The metabolic improvements occur through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) have emerged as key signalling molecules that have a central role in modulating many of the physiological effects seen after bariatric surgery. This systematic review assesses the evidence from both @entity1 and animal studies for the role of @entity7902 in reducing the metabolic complications of @entity28 following bariatric surgery. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of Medline and Embase databases to identify all articles investigating the role of @entity7902 in mediating the metabolic changes observed following bariatric surgery in both animal and @entity1 studies. Boolean logic was used with relevant search terms, including the following MeSH terms: ' @entity3645 and salts', 'bariatric surgery', 'metabolic surgery', 'gastrointestinal tract/surgery' and ' @entity28 /surgery'. RESULTS: Following database searches (n=1197), inclusion from bibliography searches (n=2) and de-duplication (n=197), 1002 search results were returned. Of these, 132 articles were selected for full-text review, of which 38 articles were deemed relevant and included in the review. The findings support the effects of @entity7902 on satiety, lipid and @entity165 metabolism, incretins and @entity413 homoeostasis, energy metabolism, gut microbiota and endoplasmic reticulum stress following bariatric surgery. Many of these metabolic effects are modulated through the BA receptors @entity4961 and @entity14646 . We also explore a possible link between @entity7902 and @entity105 following bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Overall there is good evidence to support the role of @entity7902 in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery through the above mechanisms. @entity7902 could serve as a novel therapeutic pharmacological target for the treatment of @entity28 and its associated co-morbidities.

title: The role of @entity3645 in reducing the metabolic complications of XXXX after bariatric surgery: a systematic review.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ciliary photocoagulation was used to reduce pressure in eyes with @entity726 or to suppress @entity158 . The efficiency of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) with a clinical diode laser system (Iris Medical Instrument, Oculight SLX) was evaluated. METHODS: This diode laser system (wavelengh: 810 nm) provides light energy to the eye through a specially designed quartz glass fiberoptic probe allowing precise location centered 1.2 mm behind the limbus, i.e. in front of the ciliary body. Thirty eight eyes in 38 @entity1 with @entity726 underwent TSCPC with the diode laser. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, intra-ocular pressure was controlled at 20 mmHg or below in 70% of the @entity1 . @entity1 who most failed with the TSCPC had higher initial IOP (neovascular and @entity10064 ). Seventy five percent of the @entity158 were painless after the laser treatment. Only a few cases (10%) of transient secondary hypertony were observed. The inflammatory response (21%) was mild and transient. No case of scleral perforation, no case of posterior @entity1596 , @entity8814 were observed. CONCLUSION: The transscleral ciliary photocoagulation laser diode system is efficient to reduce intraocular pressure in @entity726 . Complications are mild compared with other methods of cyclophotocoagulation. A long-term study is necessary to evaluate the results on IOP and the incidence of @entity8814 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX by diode semiconductor laser cyclophotocoagulation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['refractory glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity8814 :: ('MESH:D015814', 'Disease') :: ['hypotony', 'cararact or hypotony']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in blind painful eyes', 'painful glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['refractory glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to examine the use of antithrombotic therapy and predictors of @entity64 and @entity204 in very elderly (>= 85 years) @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 in a general practice cohort from the UK. DESIGN: retrospective, observational cohort study; 12-month follow-up period. SETTING: eleven general practices serving the town of Darlington, England representing a population of 105,000 @entity1 . @entity1 : two thousand two hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 with a history of @entity955 , 561 (24.8%) aged >= 85 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: use of antithrombotic therapy by age group and predictors of @entity64 and @entity204 . RESULTS: five hundred and sixty-one (24.8%) @entity955 @entity1 aged >= 85 years (mean (SD) age 89 (4) years; 66% female) identified with a mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of 4.6 (SD 1.4). Thirty-six per cent received oral anticoagulation (OAC) compared with 57% in the 75-84 years age group. Forty-nine per cent of the very elderly received antiplatelet (AP) monotherapy; recorded OAC contraindications and declines were greatest among those aged >= 85 years. @entity64 risk was highest among the very elderly (5.2% per annum), despite anticoagulation (3.9%). Multivariate analyses demonstrated an increased risk of @entity64 with AP monotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 2.45, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.05-5.70) and a significant reduction in all-cause mortality with OAC therapy (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.99). CONCLUSION: the majority of very elderly @entity955 @entity1 in general practice do not receive OAC despite their higher @entity64 risk; almost half received AP monotherapy. AP use independently increased the risk of @entity64 , signifying that effective @entity64 prevention requires OAC regardless of age, except where true contraindications exist.

title: Impact of advanced age on management and prognosis in XXXX : insights from a population-based study in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity799 is a @entity11682 -containing antibiotic that is effective in the treatment of several infections and for prophylaxis of @entity10592 . This drug has been reported as a common culprit drug for the @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and for @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) play a key role in the immunopathogenesis of severe cutaneous reactions induced by several drugs. This study investigated the association between the HLA class I and @entity1533 polymorphisms and @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 in a Thai population. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 and 91 @entity799 -tolerant @entity1 were enrolled in the study. HLA class I and @entity1533 were genotyped using the reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe method. RESULTS: The frequencies of three alleles of HLA, namely @entity1530 *15:02, @entity18698 *06:02, and @entity18698 *08:01, were significantly higher in the @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 group compared with controls. The risks for @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 in @entity1 with the @entity1530 *15:02, @entity18698 *06:02, or @entity18698 *08:01 allele were about 3-11-fold higher when compared with those who did not carry one of these alleles. Individuals who carried the @entity1530 *15:02-C*08:01 haplotype had a 14-fold higher risk for @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Evidence of associations between @entity799 -induced @entity6715 / @entity137 and HLA alleles including @entity1530 *15:02, @entity18698 *06:02, and @entity18698 *08:01 were found in the study population. These findings may suggest that apart from the HLA molecules, other molecules involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions may play an important role in the susceptibility of individuals to @entity6715 / @entity137 caused by @entity799 .

title: Candidate HLA genes for prediction of XXXX -induced severe cutaneous reactions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Co-trimoxazole', 'co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

answer: @entity799 :: (MESH:D015662,Chemical) :: ['co-trimoxazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous attempts at meta-analysis and systematic review have not provided clear recommendations for the clinical application of thermal ablation in metastatic @entity14 . Many authors believe that the probability of gathering randomised controlled trial (RCT) data is low. Our aim is to provide a consensus document making recommendations on the appropriate application of thermal ablation in @entity1 with @entity14 . METHODS: This consensus paper was discussed by an expert panel at The Interventional Oncology Sans Fronti  res 2013. A literature review was presented. Tumour characteristics, ablation technique and different clinical applications were considered and the level of consensus was documented. RESULTS: Specific recommendations are made with regard to @entity3 size, number, and location and ablation technique. Mean 31  % 5-year survival post-ablation in selected @entity1 has resulted in acceptance of this therapy for those with technically inoperable but limited @entity409 and those with limited liver reserve or co-morbidities that render them inoperable. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of RCT data, it is our aim that this consensus document will facilitate judicious selection of the @entity1 most likely to benefit from thermal ablation and provide a unified interventional oncological perspective for the use of this technology. KEY POINTS:     Best results require due consideration of @entity5 size, number, volume and location.     Ablation technology, imaging guidance and intra-procedural imaging assessment must be optimised.     Accepted applications include @entity66 due to @entity5 distribution or inadequate liver reserve.     Other current indications include concurrent co-morbidity, @entity1 choice and the test-of-time approach.     Future applications may include resectable disease, e.g. for @entity5 .

title: Thermal ablation of XXXX : a position paper by an international panel of ablation experts, the interventional oncology sans fronti  res meeting 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inoperable disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['small solitary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate  the influence of region-of-interest (ROI) placement on 3D @entity5 enhancement [Quantitative European Association for the Study of the Liver (qEASL)] in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Phase 1: 40 @entity157 @entity1 had nine ROIs placed by one reader using systematic techniques (3 ipsilateral to the lesion, 3 contralateral to the lesion, and 3 dispersed throughout the liver) and qEASL variance was measured. Intra-class correlations were computed. Phase 2: 15 @entity157 @entity1 with histosegmentation were selected. Six ROIs were systematically placed by AC (3 ROIs ipsilateral and 3 ROIs contralateral to the lesion). Three ROIs were placed by 2 radiologists. qEASL values were compared to histopathology by @entity6632 , linear regression, and median difference. RESULTS: Phase 1: The dispersed method (abandoned in phase 2) had low consistency and high variance. Phase 2: qEASL correlated strongly with pathology in systematic methods [ @entity6632 coefficient   =   0.886 (ipsilateral) and 0.727 (contralateral)] and in clinical methods (0.625 and 0.879). However, ipsilateral placement matched best with pathology (median difference: 5.4  %; correlation: 0.89; regression CI: [0.904, 0.1409]). CONCLUSIONS: qEASL is a robust method with comparable values among tested placements. Ipsilateral placement showed high consistency and better pathological correlation. KEY POINTS:     Ipsilateral and contralateral ROI placement produces high consistency and low variance.     Both ROI placement methods produce qEASL values that correlate well with histopathology.     Ipsilateral ROI placement produces best correlation to pathology along with high consistency.

title: Radiologic-pathologic analysis of quantitative 3D XXXX enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR imaging: a study of ROI placement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ["Pearson's correlation"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a simple method of creating an animal model of non-trauma @entity2738 using African ostriches with weights similar to those of @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen African ostriches were subjected to liquid nitrogen cryo-insult in the unilateral femoral head through surgical procedures using homemade cryogenic equipment combined with tract drilling inside the femoral head. Three animals were sacrificed at postoperative weeks 6 and 12, respectively, and the remaining animals were sacrificed at postoperative week 24. Bilateral femoral heads were harvested and subjected to gross observation, histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and radiographic examination. Micro-computed tomography was performed on a portion of the specimens at postoperative week 24, and angiographic examination of the femoral head was performed before sacrificing the animals. RESULTS: Eight ostriches developed a limp at postoperative week 8, with a mean duration of 16.5  weeks. The postoperative femoral head specimens showed changes in contour and articular cartilage degeneration. Sagittal sectioning of the collapsed femoral head specimens revealed distinct boundaries among the osteonecrotic areas, @entity16631 , and normal trabeculae. Histological examinations revealed active bone resorption in the osteonecrotic area of the subchondral bone, an increased number of fat cells, and active trabecular bone regeneration in the @entity16631 . The postoperative radiographic examinations revealed that the height of the femoral head gradually decreased and progressed to collapse. Micro-computed tomography scans showed the interrupted trabecular bone with an irregular shape in the collapsed femoral head. Compared with the normal samples, angiographic findings revealed interrupted blood supply of the cryo-injured samples in some areas of the femoral heads, blood vessel narrowing, and decreased number of blood vessels in the cryo-injured areas. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that an animal model of @entity2738 progressing to collapse can be established via a simplified method of cryosurgery. This model possesses histological features that are similar to those of @entity1 ; thus, it can be used as an ideal animal model for the study of femoral @entity39 .

title: A simple method for establishing an ostrich model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis and collapse', 'osteonecrotic femoral head']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16631 :: ('MESH:C535282', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerotic areas']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis and collapse']


abstract: PURPOSE: This article reports the outcome of free temporalis fascia and muscle graft ( @entity26610 ) reconstruction of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) with and without simultaneous orthognathic surgery (SOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (45 joints) were evaluated retrospectively. Group 1 consisted of 17 @entity1 (16 @entity1 1 @entity1 ) and 30 joints. Fifteen (88%) @entity1 had sagittal split ramus osteotomies (SSRO); 8 (53%) of these @entity1 also had Le @entity196 , and 2 @entity1 (12%) had only Le @entity196 with @entity26610 . Group 2 consisted of 12 @entity1 (15 joints) who received only @entity26610 and no SOS. RESULTS: Group 1 had 9 @entity1 (53%) with an incisal opening greater than 35 mm, 11 joints (37%) with greater than 6 mm lateral excursive movement, and 11 @entity1 (65%) were asymptomatic postoperatively. Average follow-up was 57.4 months (range, 23 to 69 months). Group 2 had eight @entity1 (67%) with an incisal opening greater than 35 mm, six joints (40%) with greater than 6 mm lateral excursive movement, and seven @entity1 (58%) were asymptomatic postoperatively. Average follow-up was 55.1 months (range, 48 to 64 months). CONCLUSION: @entity26610 with and without SOS produced similar treatment outcomes in comparing groups 1 and 2. No significant differences were observed for the number of @entity1 with an incisal opening > 35 mm (P = .703), lateral excursion > 6 mm (P = 1.00), and successful elimination of @entity158 (P = 1.00), even though group 2 had a significantly greater number of @entity1 (P < 0.01) that were operated on unilaterally. Combining treatment outcomes for both groups, the number of previous joint surgeries significantly affected success (P < .01). The presence of osteoarthritic changes did-not significantly affect treatment outcome (P = .187).

title: Reconstruction of the XXXX using a temporalis graft with or without simultaneous orthognathic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Fort I osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether the symptoms of first and recurrent @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are similar in the same @entity1 . This study examined the frequency of symptom mismatch, which factors are associated with a symptom mismatch and how symptom mismatch is related to 28-day case fatality. DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1282 @entity1 with a first and recurrent @entity583 , recruited from a population-based @entity583 registry, 1985-2011. Occurrence of 11 symptoms was recorded in first and recurrent @entity583 using standardized @entity1 interview. Logistic regression modelling adjusted for demographic and clinical variables was applied. RESULTS: Mismatch was highest for dyspnoea (40.6%) and lowest for chest symptoms (10.4%). Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 were less likely to have a mismatch of @entity158 between the shoulder blades (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.79), @entity158 in the throat/jaw (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91), @entity390 (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.82), @entity391 (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36-0.71), or fear of death (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.94), or to have three or more mismatching symptoms (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45-0.79). @entity1 with @entity6 were more likely to have a mismatch in chest symptoms, whereas @entity1 with hyperlipidaemia or @entity1 who received any revascularization therapy at first @entity1188 were significantly less likely to have a mismatch of chest symptoms. Twenty-eight-day case fatality significantly increased with the number of mismatching symptoms (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity583 may benefit from information about the possibility that a recurrent @entity1188 may be associated with different symptoms.

title: Mismatch of presenting symptoms at first and recurrent XXXX . From the MONICA/KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2857 , an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the only targeted agent approved for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) after demonstration to increase overall survival compared to placebo in two randomized phase III study. GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in @entity157 and Of its treatment with @entity2857 ) is the largest, global, non-interventional, prospective study of @entity1 with uHCC (n>3200) treated with @entity2857 in real-life clinical practice conditions. Here we report the final analysis of safety and efficacy in the Italian cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 who are candidates for systemic therapy, and for whom a decision has been made to treat with @entity2857 , are eligible for inclusion. @entity1 demographics disease characteristics and treatment history were recorded at baseline visit. @entity2857 dose, concomitant medications, performance status, liver function, adverse events and efficacy (survival and response rate) were collected throughout the study. RESULTS: In the Italian cohort of the GIDEON study 278 @entity1 were included in 36 centers. The global rate of adverse events was 81%. Drug-related events accounted for 67%, mostly of grade 1 and 2, and only 8% were classified as serious. The most common were @entity294 (24%), @entity1295 (23%), dermatological (14%), @entity1910 /exfoliation (10%), @entity101 (9%), hemorrage/bleeding of gastrointestinal tract (6%). Overall survival was 14.4 months and time to progression 6.2 months. Objective responses were observed in 14 @entity1 (5%) with 3 complete responses (1%). Stable diseases of at least 6 weeks were observed in 113 @entity1 (41%) with a 30% of disease control rate. DISCUSSION: The safety profile of @entity2857 in terms of rate and type of adverse events is similar to that emerged in the global international GIDEON study as well as in the pivotal registration studies.

title: [Therapeutic decisions and treatment with XXXX in @entity157 : final analysis of GIDEON study in Italy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib', 'sorafeNib']

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2857 , an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the only targeted agent approved for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) after demonstration to increase overall survival compared to placebo in two randomized phase III study. GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in @entity157 and Of its treatment with @entity2857 ) is the largest, global, non-interventional, prospective study of @entity1 with uHCC (n>3200) treated with @entity2857 in real-life clinical practice conditions. Here we report the final analysis of safety and efficacy in the Italian cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 who are candidates for systemic therapy, and for whom a decision has been made to treat with @entity2857 , are eligible for inclusion. @entity1 demographics disease characteristics and treatment history were recorded at baseline visit. @entity2857 dose, concomitant medications, performance status, liver function, adverse events and efficacy (survival and response rate) were collected throughout the study. RESULTS: In the Italian cohort of the GIDEON study 278 @entity1 were included in 36 centers. The global rate of adverse events was 81%. Drug-related events accounted for 67%, mostly of grade 1 and 2, and only 8% were classified as serious. The most common were @entity294 (24%), @entity1295 (23%), dermatological (14%), @entity1910 /exfoliation (10%), @entity101 (9%), hemorrage/bleeding of gastrointestinal tract (6%). Overall survival was 14.4 months and time to progression 6.2 months. Objective responses were observed in 14 @entity1 (5%) with 3 complete responses (1%). Stable diseases of at least 6 weeks were observed in 113 @entity1 (41%) with a 30% of disease control rate. DISCUSSION: The safety profile of @entity2857 in terms of rate and type of adverse events is similar to that emerged in the global international GIDEON study as well as in the pivotal registration studies.

title: [Therapeutic decisions and treatment with @entity2857 in XXXX : final analysis of GIDEON study in Italy].

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 )-associated @entity1960 and @entity239 , and to assess treatment strategies. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed hospital charts and autopsy reports of all University of Minnesota @entity1 with @entity1577 between 1975 and August 1994. We identified six @entity1 with colonopathy and compared them with a cohort of 79 @entity1 with @entity1577 in the same age range and seen during the same period. RESULTS: All @entity1 with colonopathy had bloody @entity294 ; five of the six had @entity490 . Stool frequency and related symptoms distinguished the @entity1 with colonopathy from the cohort population. All took a higher median dose of pancreatic enzymes than the cohort population during the 3 months preceding the onset of symptoms (p < 0.002). For all six @entity1 , barium studies revealed loss of haustration, and shortening and diffuse narrowing of the colonic lumen with relative rectal sparing. The distal ileal mucosa was irregular in four @entity1 . A histopathologic study reveal @entity82 , and focal acute cryptitis in all six @entity1 . Other features included @entity843 (2/6) and nodular regenerative @entity1373 of the liver (1/6). One @entity1 continues to have symptoms, three had subtotal colectomy, and the condition of two improved after a regimen including a low-fat diet, withholding of pancreatic enzymes, and supplemental parenteral nutrition was initiated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity239 represents a newly recognized @entity344 of @entity1577 . Affected @entity1 have taken larger doses of pancreatic enzymes than similar @entity1 with @entity1577 , and have bloody @entity294 . We developed a medical protocol that may avoid surgical resection of the colon in some of these @entity1 .

title: @entity1577 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosing colonopathy', 'Fibrosing colonopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the submucosa or lamina propria']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complication']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibrosing colonopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 )-associated @entity1960 and @entity239 , and to assess treatment strategies. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed hospital charts and autopsy reports of all University of Minnesota @entity1 with @entity1577 between 1975 and August 1994. We identified six @entity1 with colonopathy and compared them with a cohort of 79 @entity1 with @entity1577 in the same age range and seen during the same period. RESULTS: All @entity1 with colonopathy had bloody @entity294 ; five of the six had @entity490 . Stool frequency and related symptoms distinguished the @entity1 with colonopathy from the cohort population. All took a higher median dose of pancreatic enzymes than the cohort population during the 3 months preceding the onset of symptoms (p < 0.002). For all six @entity1 , barium studies revealed loss of haustration, and shortening and diffuse narrowing of the colonic lumen with relative rectal sparing. The distal ileal mucosa was irregular in four @entity1 . A histopathologic study reveal @entity82 , and focal acute cryptitis in all six @entity1 . Other features included @entity843 (2/6) and nodular regenerative @entity1373 of the liver (1/6). One @entity1 continues to have symptoms, three had subtotal colectomy, and the condition of two improved after a regimen including a low-fat diet, withholding of pancreatic enzymes, and supplemental parenteral nutrition was initiated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity239 represents a newly recognized @entity344 of @entity1577 . Affected @entity1 have taken larger doses of pancreatic enzymes than similar @entity1 with @entity1577 , and have bloody @entity294 . We developed a medical protocol that may avoid surgical resection of the colon in some of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity239 .

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic fibrosis-associated colitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although there are approximately 1.1 million case presentations of mild @entity131 (mTBI) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) each year, little data is available to clinicians to identify @entity1 who are at risk for poor outcomes, including 72-hour @entity341 return after discharge. An understanding of @entity1 at risk for @entity341 during the hyperacute phase following @entity542 would allow @entity341 providers to develop clinical interventions that reduce its occurrence and improve outcomes. METHODS: This institutional review board-approved consecutive cohort study collected injury and outcome variables on adults with the purpose of identifying positive predictors for 72-hour @entity341 in mTBI @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 2,787 mTBI @entity1 , 145 (5%) returned unexpectedly to the @entity341 within 72 hours of hospital discharge. Positive predictors for @entity341 included being male (p=0.0298), being black (p=0.0456), having a lower prehospital Glasgow @entity772 Score (p=0.0335), suffering the injury due to a motor vehicle collision (p=0.0065), or having a bleed on head computed tomography (CT) (p=0.0334). @entity341 were not significantly associated with age, @entity174 on head CT, or symptomology following @entity542 . @entity1 with return visits most commonly reported post-concussion syndrome (43.1%), @entity158 (18.7%), and recall for further clinical evaluation (14.6%) as the reason for return. Of the 124 @entity1 who returned to the @entity341 within 72 hours, one out of five were admitted to the hospital for further care, with five requiring intensive care unit stays and four undergoing neurosurgery. CONCLUSION: Approximately 5% of adult @entity1 who present to the @entity341 for mTBI will return within 72 hours of discharge for further care. Clinicians should identify at-risk individuals during their initial visits and attempt to provide anticipatory guidance when possible.

title: Understanding Why @entity1 Return to the Emergency Department after Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED', 'ED return visits']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury within 72 Hours']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although there are approximately 1.1 million case presentations of mild @entity131 (mTBI) in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) each year, little data is available to clinicians to identify @entity1 who are at risk for poor outcomes, including 72-hour @entity341 return after discharge. An understanding of @entity1 at risk for @entity341 during the hyperacute phase following @entity542 would allow @entity341 providers to develop clinical interventions that reduce its occurrence and improve outcomes. METHODS: This institutional review board-approved consecutive cohort study collected injury and outcome variables on adults with the purpose of identifying positive predictors for 72-hour @entity341 in mTBI @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 2,787 mTBI @entity1 , 145 (5%) returned unexpectedly to the @entity341 within 72 hours of hospital discharge. Positive predictors for @entity341 included being male (p=0.0298), being black (p=0.0456), having a lower prehospital Glasgow @entity772 Score (p=0.0335), suffering the injury due to a motor vehicle collision (p=0.0065), or having a bleed on head computed tomography (CT) (p=0.0334). @entity341 were not significantly associated with age, @entity174 on head CT, or symptomology following @entity542 . @entity1 with return visits most commonly reported post-concussion syndrome (43.1%), @entity158 (18.7%), and recall for further clinical evaluation (14.6%) as the reason for return. Of the 124 @entity1 who returned to the @entity341 within 72 hours, one out of five were admitted to the hospital for further care, with five requiring intensive care unit stays and four undergoing neurosurgery. CONCLUSION: Approximately 5% of adult @entity1 who present to the @entity341 for mTBI will return within 72 hours of discharge for further care. Clinicians should identify at-risk individuals during their initial visits and attempt to provide anticipatory guidance when possible.

title: Understanding Why XXXX Return to the Emergency Department after Mild @entity131 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Deficiencies in DNA repair due to inherited germ-line mutations in DNA repair genes cause increased risk of @entity1820 . In @entity1820 , mutations in DNA repair genes are relatively rare. However, epigenetic alterations that reduce expression of DNA repair genes are frequent in @entity1820 . These epigenetic reductions are also found in field defects that give rise to @entity5 . Reduced DNA repair likely allows excessive DNA damages to accumulate in somatic cells. Then either inaccurate translesion synthesis past the un-repaired DNA damages or error-prone DNA repair can cause mutations. Erroneous DNA repair can also cause epigenetic alterations (i.e., epimutations, transmitted through multiple replication cycles). Some of these mutations and epimutations may cause progression to @entity5 . Thus, deficient or absent DNA repair is likely an important underlying cause of @entity5 . Whole genome sequencing of @entity1820 show that between thousands to hundreds of thousands of mutations occur in these @entity5 . Epimutations that reduce DNA repair gene expression and occur early in progression to @entity1820 are a likely source of this high genomic instability. @entity5 cells deficient in DNA repair are more vulnerable than normal cells to inactivation by DNA damaging agents. Thus, some of the most clinically effective chemotherapeutic agents in @entity5 treatment are DNA damaging agents, and their effectiveness often depends on @entity14183 in @entity5 cells. Recently, at least 18 DNA repair proteins, each active in one of six DNA repair pathways, were found to be subject to epigenetic reduction of expression in @entity1820 . Different DNA repair pathways repair different types of DNA damage. Evaluation of which DNA repair pathway(s) are @entity1820 and/or particular @entity1 may prove useful in guiding choice of therapeutic agents in @entity5 therapy.

title: Epigenetic reduction of DNA repair in progression to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14183 :: ('MESH:D049914', 'Disease') :: ['deficient DNA repair']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in particular types of GI cancer', 'sporadic GI cancers', 'GI cancers', 'gastrointestinal (GI) cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laser phototherapy is used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity3136 in @entity1 with @entity1778 , although there are limited data supporting the safety of this method. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of low-level laser on proliferation of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell line (KG-1a) in vitro. METHODS: A plastic flask containing 5,000,000 KG-1a cultured cells was provided by Iran Pasteur Institute. KG-1a cell line has been produced from the bone marrow aspirate of a 59-year-old white male with @entity3052 . Upon completion of the proliferation steps of KG-1a cell line, 7*10(4) cells were placed in 96-well tissue culture plates. All the surrounding wells were filled with Wright-Giemsa stain in order to prevent laser from scattering to the neighboring wells. In total, 28 plates were prepared using this method. After a forty-eight hours incubation period, irradiation was performed in continuous mode with an infrared laser of 810nm wavelength. After 24 hours, cells cultures were exposed to one, two, or three applications of laser irradiation. Irradiation exposures were performed at energy densities of 5, 10, and 20 J/cm(2) . Each experiment included 18 replicates for each application of laser and 6 replicates of negative/untreated controls. For experiments with two and three repeated exposures, the irradiation applications were separated by 48 hours. All the culture plates were incubated for seven days. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the @entity98 ( @entity2454 ) assay after seven days. Spectroscopy (620nm) was used to determine the optical density (OD) of both irradiated and control samples. RESULTS: Significant increase in cell proliferation was seen only after two exposures at energy density of 20J/cm2 (P=0.021). CONCLUSION: Although LLLT is commonly used to treat radiotherapy- or chemotherapy- induced @entity33 , as long as further studies demonstrate that different wavelengths and doses of laser phototherapy are safe and effective in treatment of @entity33 , clinicians should remain cautious regarding the use of this treatment modality to treat @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: The effect of low-level laser therapy on XXXX leukemic cells.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical testing of potential therapies for @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is conducted predominantly of the mdx @entity19 . But lack of a detailed quantitative description of the pathology of this animal limits our ability to evaluate the effectiveness of putative therapies or their relevance to @entity1555 . METHODS: Accordingly, we have measured the main cellular components of muscle growth and regeneration over the period of postnatal growth and early pathology in mdx and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 ; @entity6286 binding is used as a measure of fibre size, myonuclear counts and @entity1603 labelling as records of myogenic activity. RESULTS: We confirm a two-phase postnatal growth pattern in @entity164 muscle: first, increase in myonuclear number over weeks 1 to 3, then expansion of myonuclear domain. Mdx muscle growth lags behind that of @entity164 prior to overt signs of pathology. Fibres are smaller, with fewer myonuclei and smaller myonuclear domains. Moreover, satellite cells are more readily detached from mdx than @entity164 muscle fibres. At 3  weeks, mdx muscles enter a phase of florid myonecrosis, accompanied by concurrent regeneration of an intensity that results in complete replacement of pre-existing muscle over the succeeding 3 to 4  weeks. Both @entity164 and mdx muscles attain maximum size by 12 to 14  weeks, mdx muscle fibres being up to 50% larger than those of @entity164 as they become increasingly branched. Mdx muscle fibres also become hypernucleated, containing twice as many myonuclei per sarcoplasmic volume, as those of @entity164 , the excess corresponding to the number of centrally placed myonuclei. CONCLUSIONS: The best-known consequence of lack of dystrophin that is common to @entity1555 and the mdx @entity19 is the conspicuous @entity39 and regeneration of muscle fibres. We present protocols for measuring this in terms both of loss of muscle nuclei previously labelled with @entity1603 and of the intensity of myonuclear labelling with @entity1603 administered during the regeneration period. Both measurements can be used to assess the efficacy of putative antinecrotic agents. We also show that lack of dystrophin is associated with a number of previously unsuspected abnormalities of muscle fibre structure and function that do not appear to be directly associated with myonecrosis.

title: Muscular dystrophy in the mdx XXXX is a severe myopathy compounded by hypotrophy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The precursor (pmAspAT) and mature ( @entity55985 ) forms of mitochondrial @entity492 aminotransferase interact with hsp70 very early during translation when synthesized in either @entity95 reticulocyte lysate or @entity3505 germ extract (Lain, B., Iriarte, A., and Martinez-Carrion. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 15588-15596). The nature of the structural elements responsible for recognition and binding of this protein to hsp70 has been studied by examining the folding and potential association with the chaperone of several engineered forms of this enzyme. Whereas pmAspAT and @entity55985 bind hsp70 very early during translation, the cytosolic form of this enzyme (cAspAT) does not interact with hsp70. A fusion protein consisting of the mitochondrial presequence peptide attached to the @entity1472 terminus of cAspAT associates with hsp70 only after the protein has acquired its native-like conformation, apparently through binding to the presequence exposed on the surface of the folded protein. Deletion of the @entity1472 -terminal segment of @entity55985 or its replacement with the corresponding domain from the cytosolic isozyme eliminates the cotranslational binding of hsp70 to the mitochondrial protein. We conclude that both the presequence and @entity2733 -terminal region of pmAspAT represent recognition signals for binding of hsp70 to the newly synthesized mitochondrial precursor. Results from competition studies with synthetic peptides support this conclusion. The ability of hsp70 to discriminate between these two highly homologous proteins probably involves the recognition of specific sequence elements in the @entity2733 -terminal portion of the mitochondrial protein and may relate to their separate localization in the cell. A slower folding rate and higher affinity for cytosolic chaperones may represent evolutionary adaptations of translocated mitochondrial proteins to ensure their efficient importation into the organelle.

title: Structural features of the precursor to mitochondrial XXXX aminotransferase responsible for binding to hsp70.

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if a comprehensive supragingival control can modify the periodontal risk and suggested recall interval over time, using an adaptation of an available model of periodontal risk assessment (PRA, Perio-Tools   website). METHOD AND MATERIALS: Single-arm clinical trial data (visible plaque and @entity548 indexes, periodontal probing depth, @entity548 on probing, and clinical attachment level from baseline (day 0, T0), day 30 (T1), and day 180 (T2) from 50 moderate-to-severe @entity2521 @entity1 (25 never-smokers; 25 smokers) submitted to a comprehensive @entity527 control regimen for 180 days were subjected to a secondary analysis using an adaptation of the PRA. The periodontal risk (high, medium, or low) and suggested recall interval were calculated per @entity1 and at each experimental time. General linear models and the Cochran test were used for statistical analysis, considering the dependence of the data. RESULTS: All @entity1 were at high risk at baseline. At T1, 20% migrated to medium-risk (P = .002). At T2, 38% and 8% exhibited medium- and low-risk, respectively (P  <= .001). The reduction between T1 and T2 was significant (P = .001). The mean recall interval increased from 3.0    0.0 (T0) to 3.6    1.2 (T1), and 4.9    2.6 months at T2 (P < .003). The effect that smoking habit exerted on risk was limited to the first 30 days, and no effect on recall interval was observed. CONCLUSION: The oral hygiene condition is an important indicator that influences the risk and the recall interval over time, thus deserving attention when evaluating the individual periodontal prognosis.

title: Periodontal risk and recall interval evaluation after a program of comprehensive XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['supragingival plaque']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery has been the treatment of choice for @entity1 with localized @entity418 . Several studies have investigated whether preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery leads to improvement in cure rates, but individual reports have provided conflicting results. An explicit systematic update of the role of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with resectable @entity418 is, therefore, warranted. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to determine the role of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with resectable @entity418 . SEARCH METHODS: We identified trials by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1966 to 2013), EMBASE (1988 to 2013), and CANCERLIT (1993 to 2013). We did not confine our search to English language publications. We updated searches in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE in October 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA: All trials of @entity1 with potentially resectable @entity189 (of any histologic type) who were randomly assigned to chemotherapy or no chemotherapy before surgery. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was survival, which was assessed with the use of hazard ratios. This is an amendment to the original review, which used risk ratios to assess survival at yearly intervals. Hazard ratios (HRs) have now been introduced to summarize the complete survival experience in a single analysis. Risk ratios (RRs) were used to compare rates of resection, @entity5 recurrences, and treatment morbidity and mortality. MAIN RESULTS: We identified a total of 13 randomized trials involving 2362 @entity1 . Ten trials (2122 @entity1 ) reported sufficient detail on survival to be included in a meta-analysis for the primary outcome. Preoperative chemotherapy improves overall survival (HR 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80 to 0.96) and is associated with a significantly higher rate of complete (R0) resection (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19).No evidence suggests that the overall rate of resection (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.01), @entity5 recurrence (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.22) or nonfatal complications (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.06) was different for preoperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone. Trials reported risks of @entity137 with chemotherapy that ranged from 11% to 90%. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In summary, preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery offers a survival advantage compared with surgery alone for @entity1 with resectable @entity418 , but the evidence is of moderate quality. Some evidence of @entity137 and preoperative mortality have been associated with chemotherapy.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy for resectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'thoracic esophageal cancer', 'thoracic esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['thoracic esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prepare the monoclonal antibody of @entity3964 @entity3793 -rich protein, and analyze the roles of semi-solid culture technique and screening strategies in the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 was immunized with the recombinant antigen of @entity3964 @entity3793 -rich protein (rePf-HRP). The spleen cells of immunized @entity19 were fused with SP20 cells. The fused cells were cultured in semi-solid medium containing 2% methylcellulose to promote colony growth. The single cell clone was transferred to a liquid medium. Testing methods for screening culture supernatant was established based on the immune antigen and other related antigens. The positive cell clones by coarse screening and specific screening were preserved in liquid @entity1568 . The positive cell lines were used for ascite antibody preparation, identification of IgG subclass, recognition sites, antibody affinity and application analysis on sensitivity of detecting antigen. RESULTS: A total of 915 cell clones were obtained in semi-solid culture after cell fusion. The positive rate by coarse screening was 37.8% (346/915). The positive rate of specific screening accounted for only 2.6% (9/346) of the coarse screening-positive clones, 0.98% (9/915) of the total number of clones. Eight specific antibody-secreting cell clones were obtained after liquid @entity1568 frozen recovery tests. After further detection, 2 specific cell clones could be used as a pair of antibody for rapid detecting circulating antigen in the blood of @entity1 with @entity9231 . CONCLUSION: Semi-solid culture method can provide enough fused cells for screening. Combined strategy of coarse and specific screening ensures the rapid selection of specific clones.

title: [Application of Semi-solid Culture and Rapid Screening Strategy in the Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against XXXX @entity3793 -rich Protein].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prepare the monoclonal antibody of @entity3964 @entity3793 -rich protein, and analyze the roles of semi-solid culture technique and screening strategies in the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 was immunized with the recombinant antigen of @entity3964 @entity3793 -rich protein (rePf-HRP). The spleen cells of immunized @entity19 were fused with SP20 cells. The fused cells were cultured in semi-solid medium containing 2% methylcellulose to promote colony growth. The single cell clone was transferred to a liquid medium. Testing methods for screening culture supernatant was established based on the immune antigen and other related antigens. The positive cell clones by coarse screening and specific screening were preserved in liquid @entity1568 . The positive cell lines were used for ascite antibody preparation, identification of IgG subclass, recognition sites, antibody affinity and application analysis on sensitivity of detecting antigen. RESULTS: A total of 915 cell clones were obtained in semi-solid culture after cell fusion. The positive rate by coarse screening was 37.8% (346/915). The positive rate of specific screening accounted for only 2.6% (9/346) of the coarse screening-positive clones, 0.98% (9/915) of the total number of clones. Eight specific antibody-secreting cell clones were obtained after liquid @entity1568 frozen recovery tests. After further detection, 2 specific cell clones could be used as a pair of antibody for rapid detecting circulating antigen in the blood of @entity1 with @entity9231 . CONCLUSION: Semi-solid culture method can provide enough fused cells for screening. Combined strategy of coarse and specific screening ensures the rapid selection of specific clones.

title: [Application of Semi-solid Culture and Rapid Screening Strategy in the Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against @entity3964 XXXX -rich Protein].

answer: @entity3793 :: (CHEBI:27570,Chemical) :: ['Histidine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: rIX-FP is a @entity4682 (recombinant), albumin fusion protein with more than fivefold half-life prolongation over other standard @entity4682 ( @entity4682 ) products available on the market. AIM: This prospective phase II, open-label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of rIX-FP for the prevention of @entity548 episodes during weekly prophylaxis and assessed the haemostatic efficacy for on-demand treatment of @entity548 episodes in previously treated @entity1 with @entity4777 . METHODS: The study consisted of a 10-14  day evaluation of rIX-FP pharmacokinetics (PK), and an 11  month safety and efficacy evaluation period with subjects receiving weekly prophylaxis treatment. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of related adverse events, and immunogenic events, including development of inhibitors. Efficacy was evaluated by annualized spontaneous @entity548 rate (AsBR), and the number of injections to achieve haemostasis. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects participated in the study, 13 received weekly prophylaxis and 4 received episodic treatment only. No inhibitors were detected in any subject. The mean and median AsBR were 1.25, and 1.13 respectively in the weekly prophylaxis arm. All @entity548 episodes were treated with 1 or 2 injections of rIX-FP. Three prophylaxis subjects who were treated on demand prior to study entry had >85% reduction in AsBR compared to the @entity548 rate prior to study entry. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the efficacy for weekly routine prophylaxis of rIX-FP to prevent spontaneous @entity548 episodes and for the treatment of @entity548 episodes. In addition no safety issues were detected during the study and an improved PK profile was demonstrated.

title: Results of a phase I/II open-label, safety and efficacy trial of XXXX (recombinant), albumin fusion protein in @entity4777 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia B']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4682 :: ('2158', 'Gene') :: ['factor IX', 'coagulation factor IX', 'FIX']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['coagulation factor IX']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: rIX-FP is a @entity4682 (recombinant), albumin fusion protein with more than fivefold half-life prolongation over other standard @entity4682 ( @entity4682 ) products available on the market. AIM: This prospective phase II, open-label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of rIX-FP for the prevention of @entity548 episodes during weekly prophylaxis and assessed the haemostatic efficacy for on-demand treatment of @entity548 episodes in previously treated @entity1 with @entity4777 . METHODS: The study consisted of a 10-14  day evaluation of rIX-FP pharmacokinetics (PK), and an 11  month safety and efficacy evaluation period with subjects receiving weekly prophylaxis treatment. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of related adverse events, and immunogenic events, including development of inhibitors. Efficacy was evaluated by annualized spontaneous @entity548 rate (AsBR), and the number of injections to achieve haemostasis. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects participated in the study, 13 received weekly prophylaxis and 4 received episodic treatment only. No inhibitors were detected in any subject. The mean and median AsBR were 1.25, and 1.13 respectively in the weekly prophylaxis arm. All @entity548 episodes were treated with 1 or 2 injections of rIX-FP. Three prophylaxis subjects who were treated on demand prior to study entry had >85% reduction in AsBR compared to the @entity548 rate prior to study entry. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the efficacy for weekly routine prophylaxis of rIX-FP to prevent spontaneous @entity548 episodes and for the treatment of @entity548 episodes. In addition no safety issues were detected during the study and an improved PK profile was demonstrated.

title: Results of a phase I/II open-label, safety and efficacy trial of @entity4682 (recombinant), albumin fusion protein in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity4777 :: (MESH:D002836,Disease) :: ['haemophilia B']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: rIX-FP is a @entity4682 (recombinant), albumin fusion protein with more than fivefold half-life prolongation over other standard @entity4682 ( @entity4682 ) products available on the market. AIM: This prospective phase II, open-label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of rIX-FP for the prevention of @entity548 episodes during weekly prophylaxis and assessed the haemostatic efficacy for on-demand treatment of @entity548 episodes in previously treated @entity1 with @entity4777 . METHODS: The study consisted of a 10-14  day evaluation of rIX-FP pharmacokinetics (PK), and an 11  month safety and efficacy evaluation period with subjects receiving weekly prophylaxis treatment. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of related adverse events, and immunogenic events, including development of inhibitors. Efficacy was evaluated by annualized spontaneous @entity548 rate (AsBR), and the number of injections to achieve haemostasis. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects participated in the study, 13 received weekly prophylaxis and 4 received episodic treatment only. No inhibitors were detected in any subject. The mean and median AsBR were 1.25, and 1.13 respectively in the weekly prophylaxis arm. All @entity548 episodes were treated with 1 or 2 injections of rIX-FP. Three prophylaxis subjects who were treated on demand prior to study entry had >85% reduction in AsBR compared to the @entity548 rate prior to study entry. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the efficacy for weekly routine prophylaxis of rIX-FP to prevent spontaneous @entity548 episodes and for the treatment of @entity548 episodes. In addition no safety issues were detected during the study and an improved PK profile was demonstrated.

title: Results of a phase I/II open-label, safety and efficacy trial of @entity4682 (recombinant), albumin fusion protein in @entity4777 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity472 . In response to proinflammatory stimulation, the AVIC undergoes a phenotypic change from that of a myofibroblast phenotype to that of osteoblast-like cell. @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) has been identified as an important inhibitor of @entity729 . We therefore hypothesized that @entity9198 expression is reduced in diseased AVICs, and loss of this protective protein contributes to @entity730 of the aortic valve. Our purpose was to compare @entity9198 expression in normal versus diseased AVICs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 AVICs were isolated from normal aortic valves from explanted hearts (n  =  6) at the time of heart transplantation. AVICs were also isolated from calcified, diseased valves of @entity1 (n  =  6) undergoing aortic valve replacement. AVICs were grown in culture until they reached passages 2-6 before experimentation. Immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to compare levels of @entity9198 in normal and diseased AVICs. Statistics were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P  <  0.05). RESULTS: @entity9198 expression was significantly decreased in diseased AVICs relative to normal AVICs by immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS: An important anti- @entity730 defense mechanism is deficient in calcified aortic valves. @entity9198 expression is significantly lower in diseased relative to normal AVICs. Lack of this important "anti- @entity730 " protein may contribute to @entity730 of the aortic valve.

title: Matrix Gla protein regulates XXXX of the aortic valve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'Matrix Gla-protein']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: Among 172 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting, 9 cases (5%) revealed severely @entity731 ascending aorta. In 3 of the 9 cases, total aortic cross-clamping in the distal anastomoses of saphenous vein graft (SVG) and partial aortic clamp in the proximal anastomoses of SVG were performed. In 1 case with this technique, @entity385 was occurred. In 4 cases, total aortic cross-clamping in the distal and proximal anastomoses of SVG was performed. In 2 of these cases with this technique, @entity385 were occurred. Hypothermic @entity1167 was performed in 2 of the rest. In one case that was predicted to have @entity731 of ascending aorta prior to operation, the left internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending, and SVG to the right coronary artery with @entity2332 and @entity2224 . And during the proximal anastomoses of SVG, hypothermic @entity1167 without aortic clamping was initiated. In another case, @entity731 of ascending aorta was noted after aortic cross-clamping. Then the aorta was declamped, hypothermic @entity1167 was established, the aorta was opened, the diseased segment was resected, and proximal anastomoses of SVG was performed to Dacron patch which was implanted for aortic wall. There were no @entity385 in last two @entity1 .

title: [Coronary artery bypass grafting in cases with the XXXX ascending aorta].

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarctions', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of probiotics to treat @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: Publications from database including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Data were searched up to August 31, 2014. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on probiotics to treat @entity1744 were eligible. The related articles were extracted and cross-checked independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality of trials was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 criteria. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. RESULTS: A total of 17 RCTs involving 1 700 @entity1 were included. Results of meta-analyses showed that compared with the placebo, probiotics was statistically better in improving the overall symptoms integral ( @entity7126 = -0.20, 95% CI -0.33--0.07, P = 0.002), alleviating @entity490 /discomfort ( @entity7126 = -0.19, 95% CI -0.29--0.09, P<0.001), relieving abdominal distention ( @entity7126 = -0.16, 95% CI -0.28--0.03, P = 0.020), and defecation discomfort ( @entity7126 = -0.22, 95% CI -0.42--0.02, P = 0.030). There was no statistical significance in the overall quality of life ( @entity7126 = -0.08, 95% CI -0.07-0.23, P = 0.290) and adverse effect ratio (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.49, P = 0.630). CONCLUSION: Probiotics have beneficial effects on @entity1744 , which can improve the @entity1 ' symptoms and with less adverse reaction. Due to the bias, further large-scale, multicenter and high-quality RCTs are required to unify outcome indicators, further define sensitive strain, and standardize its usage, dosage and course of treatment.

title: [A meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Even though @entity3147 is frequently observed in cardiac population outcome data after cardiac surgery in malnourished @entity1 is very rare. No thorough research was done concerning the impact of @entity3147 on neuropsychological outcomes after cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of @entity260 development in malnourished @entity1 undergoing on pump bypass grafting. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of adults admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics for elective coronary artery bypass grafting. The nutritional status of the @entity1 was assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) questionnaire the day before surgery. @entity1 were considered as having no risk of @entity3147 when NRS-2002 score was less than 3 and at risk of @entity3147 when NRS-2002 score was >= 3. During ICU stay @entity1 were screened for @entity260 development using the CAM-ICU method. and divided into two groups: @entity933 and non @entity933 . The statistical analysis was preformed to evaluate the differences between the two independent groups. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential preoperative and intraoperative risk factors of @entity260 . RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Preoperative risk of @entity3147 was detected in 24 % (n = 24) of the @entity1 . The incidence of early @entity260 in overall study population was 8.0 % (n = 8). The incidence of the @entity1 at risk of @entity3147 was significantly higher in the @entity933 group (5 (62.5 %) vs 19 (20.9 %), p <0.0191). In multivariate logistic regression analysis risk of @entity3147 defined by NRS 2002 was an independent preoperative and intraoperative risk factor of @entity260 after coronary artery bypass grafting (OR: 6.316, 95 % CI: 1.384-28.819 p = 0.0173). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative @entity3147 is common in @entity1 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Nutrition deprivation is associated with early @entity260 after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity260 development after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Even though @entity3147 is frequently observed in cardiac population outcome data after cardiac surgery in malnourished @entity1 is very rare. No thorough research was done concerning the impact of @entity3147 on neuropsychological outcomes after cardiac surgery. The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of @entity260 development in malnourished @entity1 undergoing on pump bypass grafting. METHODS: We performed a cohort study of adults admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics for elective coronary artery bypass grafting. The nutritional status of the @entity1 was assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) questionnaire the day before surgery. @entity1 were considered as having no risk of @entity3147 when NRS-2002 score was less than 3 and at risk of @entity3147 when NRS-2002 score was >= 3. During ICU stay @entity1 were screened for @entity260 development using the CAM-ICU method. and divided into two groups: @entity933 and non @entity933 . The statistical analysis was preformed to evaluate the differences between the two independent groups. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential preoperative and intraoperative risk factors of @entity260 . RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Preoperative risk of @entity3147 was detected in 24 % (n = 24) of the @entity1 . The incidence of early @entity260 in overall study population was 8.0 % (n = 8). The incidence of the @entity1 at risk of @entity3147 was significantly higher in the @entity933 group (5 (62.5 %) vs 19 (20.9 %), p <0.0191). In multivariate logistic regression analysis risk of @entity3147 defined by NRS 2002 was an independent preoperative and intraoperative risk factor of @entity260 after coronary artery bypass grafting (OR: 6.316, 95 % CI: 1.384-28.819 p = 0.0173). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative @entity3147 is common in @entity1 undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Nutrition deprivation is associated with early @entity260 after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Impact of @entity3147 on XXXX development after on pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative delirium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine factors that may have impact on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) screening validity, which could lead to further establishing the general model of the MMSE score in Chinese health elderly and to improve the screening accuracy of the existing MMSE reference. METHODS: Based on the data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), the MMSE scores of 19 117 normal elderly and 137 @entity303 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria were used for the analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) and validity indexes were used to compare the screening accuracy of various criteria. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors that had impact on the MMSE score for both the normal and @entity303 elderly. Descriptive analysis was performed for differences in the MMSE scores by age trends and gender between the normal and @entity303 elderly. RESULTS: The AUC of MMSE was >= 0.75(P<0.05). The MMSE score of the normal elderly declined nonlinearly as the age grew older(male: R(2)=0.924, P<0.05; female: R(2)=0.951, P<0.05), and increased nonlinearly as the education level rose(male: R(2)=0.948, P<0.05; female: R(2)=0.859, P< 0.05). The females had significantly lower MMSE scores than the males, with a faster decline trend with age than the males (95%CI of female partial regression coefficient was not overlapped with 95%CI of male partial regression coefficient). The @entity303 elderly showed a much lower MMSE score (male: difference of Z score:-1.573, P<0.05; female: difference of Z score:-1.222, P<0.05) and tended to with a faster decline speed than that of the normal elderly (95%CI of @entity303 partial regression coefficient included 95%CI of normal partial regression coefficient). CONCLUSION: The screening validity of MMSE in CLHLS is not affected by educational level. The analysis of factors that may impact on the MMSE screening validity are gender, age, vision and residence which with validity identification. These four factors can be used as assist tool of MMSE in the screening of @entity303 to improve the screening accuracy.

title: [Factors and validity analysis of Mini-Mental State Examination in Chinese elderly XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32015 ( @entity14842 , @entity32015 ) is still a widely used illicit designer drug and its detection in different matrices is of major importance for forensic purposes (e.g.   driving under the influence) as well as for workplace drug testing or abstinence control. Established analytical methods for the determination of @entity14842 are mainly employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometric detection. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 ) is so far rarely used in forensics and offers an ultrafast high-throughput platform. The Quantisal    Oral Fluid Collection Device was used for sample collection. After addition of the deuterated internal standard and a @entity6445 buffer (0.75   M @entity4339 ), oral fluid samples were liquid-liquid extracted (ButOAc/ @entity20220 , 1:1). As little as 1 microlitre of a mixture of this extract and the MALDI matrix ( @entity43790 ) was spotted onto the MALDI plate and could directly be analyzed. With MALDI omitting chromatographic separation, very short analysis times of about 10   s per sample were possible. The method was developed and validated according to international guidelines including specificity, recovery, matrix effects, accuracy and precision, stabilities and limit of quantification. All validation criteria were fulfilled except for ion suppression/enhancement. Comparison with a routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) method showed good agreement of the results. Applicability of the method was shown by analyzing about 250 oral fluid samples collected after controlled administration of 125   mg @entity14842 in a pharmacokinetic study. The whole lot of samples could be analyzed in less than 1   h, proving the ultra-high-speed of the method. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Development of a high-speed MALDI-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the determination of XXXX ( @entity14842 ) in oral fluid.

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity32015 :: ('D018817', 'Chemical') :: ['ecstasy', '3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity43790 :: ('MESH:C007175', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid']

answer: @entity32015 :: (D018817,Chemical) :: ['3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32015 ( @entity14842 , @entity32015 ) is still a widely used illicit designer drug and its detection in different matrices is of major importance for forensic purposes (e.g.   driving under the influence) as well as for workplace drug testing or abstinence control. Established analytical methods for the determination of @entity14842 are mainly employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometric detection. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-QqQ- @entity15 / @entity15 ) is so far rarely used in forensics and offers an ultrafast high-throughput platform. The Quantisal    Oral Fluid Collection Device was used for sample collection. After addition of the deuterated internal standard and a @entity6445 buffer (0.75   M @entity4339 ), oral fluid samples were liquid-liquid extracted (ButOAc/ @entity20220 , 1:1). As little as 1 microlitre of a mixture of this extract and the MALDI matrix ( @entity43790 ) was spotted onto the MALDI plate and could directly be analyzed. With MALDI omitting chromatographic separation, very short analysis times of about 10   s per sample were possible. The method was developed and validated according to international guidelines including specificity, recovery, matrix effects, accuracy and precision, stabilities and limit of quantification. All validation criteria were fulfilled except for ion suppression/enhancement. Comparison with a routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) method showed good agreement of the results. Applicability of the method was shown by analyzing about 250 oral fluid samples collected after controlled administration of 125   mg @entity14842 in a pharmacokinetic study. The whole lot of samples could be analyzed in less than 1   h, proving the ultra-high-speed of the method. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Development of a high-speed MALDI-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the determination of @entity32015 ( XXXX ) in oral fluid.

answer: @entity14842 :: (MESH:D018817,Chemical) :: ['MDMA']


abstract: @entity5 has a great impact on morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing surgery. Failure to maintain lean tissue against @entity5 -induced @entity2495 results in cumulative weight loss and ultimate failure of the host. Cellular free energy is among the factors that regulates metabolic pathways and may be altered in the @entity5 -bearing state. We studied in-vivo and in-vitro @entity855 levels and metabolic parameters in Fischer @entity35 bearing a @entity5954 -induced @entity242 to elucidate the energy state. Tissue @entity855 was measured in freeze-clamped liver and muscle in 15 @entity5 -bearing @entity35 (TBR) at different @entity5 burdens and their pair-fed controls (CTR) by bioluminescence assay. Plasma metabolites, hormones, and enzymes were determined in the same animals. Liver @entity855 level was lower in TBR with a 5% @entity5 burden: 3.07 +/- 0.56 (SE) nmole/mg tissue vs CTR: 5.33 +/- 0.60 (P < 0.05), 10% TBR: 2.48 +/- 0.54 vs CTR: 4.05 +/- 0.63 (n.s.), and 20% TBR: 1.91 +/- 0.21 vs CTR: 3.86 +/- 0.40 (P < 0.01). Muscle @entity855 was not different between TBR and CTR. This progressive loss of liver @entity855 was associated with decreased plasma insulin level (P < 0.001) and with increased alkaline phosphatase level (P < 0.01) by multiple regression. In vitro, hepatocytes were isolated from 8 TBR and 8 CTR by in-situ liver perfusion with collagenase and the cellular @entity855 was measured before and after 60 min incubation with glucogenic substrates. Hepatocytes from TBR decreased @entity855 by 42% (P < 0.05) in 10 mM @entity880 with higher gluconeogenesis, while control hepatocytes maintained the @entity855 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Energy depletion in the liver and in isolated hepatocytes of XXXX -bearing animals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer cachexia']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) inhibition was measured in @entity35 after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) doses of @entity71851 @entity460 , and the correlation between peak inhibition and tissue concentration of the drug was investigated. Five minutes after @entity71851 @entity460 (3 mg/kg i.v. as free acid), @entity1811 in the examined tissues (serum, lungs, kidneys, heart, aorta, adrenals, testes, and brain) showed > 50% inhibition, always associated with measurable amounts of @entity71851 . After 90 min, @entity1811 activity was still inhibited only in serum, lungs, kidneys, and aorta, recovering to basal values by 8 h in all samples but serum. Oral @entity71851 @entity460 (30 mg/kg) produced > 50% peak @entity1811 inhibition in serum, lungs, and kidneys, in which measurable levels of the drug were detected, and in the aorta, where @entity71851 was not detected. Other tissues showed neither marked inhibition nor measurable drug levels. Kinetics of @entity1811 inhibition in affected tissue mirrored those observed after intravenous administration. @entity71851 , despite its hydrophilic nature, is able to reach extravascular tissues and to inhibit local @entity1811 . However, in no tissue did the effect on @entity1811 last longer than in serum and the hypothesis of a peculiar role of tissue RAS in determining the @entity551 activity of @entity71851 @entity460 is not supported in @entity35 .

title: Effects of XXXX @entity460 on tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity71851 :: ('MESH:C076966', 'Chemical') :: ['idrapril', 'Idrapril']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity71851 :: (MESH:C076966,Chemical) :: ['idrapril']