abstract: BACKGROUND: Globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation ( @entity14243 -DBS) can be an effective treatment for @entity3520 . However, @entity8408 have previously been reported as a common possible side effect of the treatment. OBJECTIVES: To study possible deterioration of speech after @entity14243 -DBS and describe this in different dimensions. METHODS: Speech was systematically evaluated in 15 @entity1 with predominant torticollis and @entity14243 -DBS. Each @entity1 was tested twice within one day in two stimulation conditions: ON-DBS vs. OFF-DBS. Speech analyses comprised both function-oriented (perceptual scales, acoustic analyses) and communication-related measures (intelligibility, naturalness). A control sample of 15 healthy speakers underwent the same speech assessment. RESULTS: On the group level, @entity1 with @entity3519 showed mild but significant @entity73 scale, the intelligibility score, and the naturalness ratings in both stimulation conditions (Mann-Whitney, P  <  .05). No stimulation-induced deterioration was found. A slight increase in articulation rate was measured in the ON condition. On the single-case level, effects of @entity14243 -DBS on speech were heterogenous. In one @entity1 we observed a deterioration of speech ( @entity4653 ), in a second @entity1 with a history of childhood stuttering we found an aggravation of dysfluency. Impressive benefits could be documented in another @entity1 who also suffered from @entity7364 . CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence that @entity73 is not a necessary side-effect of @entity14243 -DBS in @entity3520 . Both, recurring of stuttering and a worsening of @entity4653 may be seen in individual @entity1 . The positive effects of @entity14243 -DBS on the symptoms of @entity7364 merits further research as DBS is not commonly applied in this population.

title: How Does @entity14243 -DBS Affect Speech in XXXX ?

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['Primary Dystonia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv (Cecropiaceae) is a shrub or a tree plant widely distributed in Tropical Africa. In the South Eastern part of Nigeria, the leaves are used in traditional medicine as an analgesic for muscular @entity158 , and also as an enema to relieve @entity615 . Although no scientific study has been performed to validate its traditional use in @entity158 management, this study therefore aims at investigating the anti-nociceptive activity of M. arboreus leaves extract in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-nociceptive activity of M. arboreus was investigated using @entity1543 induced writhing, @entity406 induced paw licks, hot plate, and tail flick tests. Acute @entity137 was determined using a slightly modified Lorkes method. RESULTS: The extract of M. arboreus produced a significant dose-dependent [F (4, 20)=13.48 p<0.001] inhibition of abdominal writhings induced by @entity1543 . In the @entity406 paw licking test, it produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of neurogenic and inflammatory @entity158 [F (4, 17.5)=60.13 p<0.001]. It also produced a significant dose dependent [F (4, 20)=30.5 p<0.001; F (4, 20)=0.321 p<0.0001] prolongation of the latency and reaction time in the hot plate and tail immersion tests. Peak effect was observed at the highest dose (40mg/kg). LD50 of the plant was found to be 894mg/kg. CONCLUSION: M. arboreus possesses potent antinociceptive activity mediated centrally and peripherally, an effect which may justify its traditional use in the management of @entity158 .

title: Anti-nociceptive activity of the crude extract of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv (Cecropiaceae) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the back and loins']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Candida @entity375 are ubiquitous commensals, which can cause @entity1292 in any location of the body. The source of @entity281 may be both endogenous and exogenous. @entity3 encompasses different entities ranging from @entity3 to disseminated @entity281 . @entity3 is the third leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream @entity281 and the fourth of all @entity580 . It is also the most common invasive @entity364 in non-neutropenic critically ill @entity1 , with a remarkable increase in the last 20 years owing to the increased survival of these @entity1 and to more complex diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical procedures. Its incidence in @entity1 , according to recent reviews, stands at 38.8 cases/100,000 @entity1 younger than 1 year. @entity5132 remains the most frequent isolate in invasive @entity281 , although @entity281 caused by other species have risen in the last years, such as C. kruzsei, @entity7408 and @entity7409 ; the latter causing @entity3 mainly associated with central venous catheter management, especially in neonatal units. The overall mortality of @entity3 is high, with 30-day mortality reaching 20-44% in some series involving paediatric @entity1 . This report provides an update on incidence, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of invasive @entity281 by Candida spp. in the paediatric @entity1 .

title: [The Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP) recommendations on the diagnosis and management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'multiorgan infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis', 'Invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pandemic H1N1 @entity683 in 2009 led health authorities to promptly start massive vaccination campaigns. Due to the need of shortening time for development and approval, the pandemic vaccine was prepared by mock-up strategy, and limited safety data were available upon starting vaccine administration. AIMS: To determine the frequencies and clinical features of adverse events (AEs) observed in a population of subjects of an Italian health district receiving pandemic vaccination. The risk for the development of at least one AE was calculated for @entity1 receiving H1N1 vaccine only or H1N1+seasonal vaccine. METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed on the population of La Spezia Health District scheduled to receive pandemic @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine. Subjects were enrolled at the time of vaccine administration and followed up at least for 6 months. The study population was stratified in two subgroups defined by administration of H1N1 vaccine only or H1N1+seasonal vaccine. AEs were recorded during the first hour following vaccine administration (early AEs) and through periodic telephonic interviews (delayed AEs). RESULTS: An overall number of 506 subjects receiving pandemic vaccine were enrolled (H1N1 only: 131 subjects; H1N1+seasonal: 375 subjects). 233 AEs occurred throughout the study period. Among them, 211 were resolved, while 22 were ongoing at the last available follow-up. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the development of at least one AE was 1.14 (0.77-1.69) for H1N1 only group vs H1N1+seasonal group. @entity1 with a nervous system AE were more frequent in the H1N1+seasonal group (adjusted IRR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.04-5.23). Only two cases of @entity385 , both in the H1N1+seasonal vaccine group, occurred in @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors, were classified as serious AEs. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine was generally well tolerated. AEs were usually transient and mild to moderate in intensity. Our findings support the validity of mock-up strategy for rapid development of a safe vaccine in the emergency of a pandemic @entity683 .

title: Safety of XXXX adjuvanted vaccine for pandemic @entity683 : results of the vaccination campaign in an Italian health district.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1156 :: (MESH:C089950,Chemical) :: ['MF-59']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pandemic H1N1 @entity683 in 2009 led health authorities to promptly start massive vaccination campaigns. Due to the need of shortening time for development and approval, the pandemic vaccine was prepared by mock-up strategy, and limited safety data were available upon starting vaccine administration. AIMS: To determine the frequencies and clinical features of adverse events (AEs) observed in a population of subjects of an Italian health district receiving pandemic vaccination. The risk for the development of at least one AE was calculated for @entity1 receiving H1N1 vaccine only or H1N1+seasonal vaccine. METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed on the population of La Spezia Health District scheduled to receive pandemic @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine. Subjects were enrolled at the time of vaccine administration and followed up at least for 6 months. The study population was stratified in two subgroups defined by administration of H1N1 vaccine only or H1N1+seasonal vaccine. AEs were recorded during the first hour following vaccine administration (early AEs) and through periodic telephonic interviews (delayed AEs). RESULTS: An overall number of 506 subjects receiving pandemic vaccine were enrolled (H1N1 only: 131 subjects; H1N1+seasonal: 375 subjects). 233 AEs occurred throughout the study period. Among them, 211 were resolved, while 22 were ongoing at the last available follow-up. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the development of at least one AE was 1.14 (0.77-1.69) for H1N1 only group vs H1N1+seasonal group. @entity1 with a nervous system AE were more frequent in the H1N1+seasonal group (adjusted IRR: 2.33; 95%CI: 1.04-5.23). Only two cases of @entity385 , both in the H1N1+seasonal vaccine group, occurred in @entity1 with cardiovascular risk factors, were classified as serious AEs. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine was generally well tolerated. AEs were usually transient and mild to moderate in intensity. Our findings support the validity of mock-up strategy for rapid development of a safe vaccine in the emergency of a pandemic @entity683 .

title: Safety of @entity1156 adjuvanted vaccine for pandemic XXXX : results of the vaccination campaign in an Italian health district.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether pre-surgical @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) forget verbal and non-verbal material faster than healthy controls over retention intervals of an hour and 6 weeks, and whether any observed @entity2414 was associated with structural changes to the hippocampus and/or @entity410 frequency. METHODS: A mixed factorial design compared the performance of 27 @entity1 with @entity1315 and 22 healthy control @entity1 , matched for IQ, age and gender, on tests of story recall and complex figure recall at three delays: immediate, 1 h and 6 weeks. Performance of the @entity1 and control groups was matched at the immediate delay, which enabled comparisons of forgetting rate over the longer delays. RESULTS: We found that @entity1315 can affect the acquisition and retention of new memories over a relatively short delay of 1h. This deficit was associated with @entity75 , with a material-specific effect that was particularly evident for the verbal task. We also found evidence of accelerated long-term forgetting in both @entity1 groups, for the verbal and non-verbal tasks. It was demonstrated most strongly on the verbal task by the @entity1 with right lateralized @entity131 whose verbal recall was normal at the 1-h delay. Accelerated long-term forgetting was not associated with hippocampal pathology, but was associated with the frequency of @entity302 . DISCUSSION: The findings from the verbal task in particular provide evidence consistent with an extended period of memory consolidation that can be disrupted by both left and right @entity1315 . The material-specific effects at the 1-h delay only, suggest that the initial consolidation of verbal and non-verbal, information depends on the integrity of the left and right hippocampus, respectively.

title: Long-term accelerated forgetting of verbal and non-verbal information in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural hippocampal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity209 is responsible for increasing the fat content of the liver. Among several non-invasive methods of liver fat analysis, the most important role is played by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This pilot study describes the methodology for measurements of @entity1674 in the liver in a group of liver transplant @entity1 using 1H MRS at 3T. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (12 Female, 27 male, aged 19-71) who underwent routine preventive examination at IKEM were included in the MRS study. The fat content of liver biopsies was classified according to the number of affected hepatocytes, HIS. Based on this classification, there were 20 @entity1 with a @entity1560 score of S0, 15 @entity1 with a score of S1, 2 @entity1 with a score of @entity72983 @entity1 with a score of S3. 1H MR spectra were measured from three positions in the liver. Following Longo et al, the concentration of fat phi(fat), was calculated from the signal intensities of water and @entity1674 . Linear correlation between the number of affected hepatocytes and fat content was described by the equation: HIS = 6.4 phi(fat) -2.1; r2 = 0.85; p = 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot study confirmed that examination of fat content using 1H MRS at 3T is well tolerated by @entity1 . Significant correlation was found between the results of histology and 1H MRS measurement of liver fat content. The method is suitable for non-invasive repetitive and screening examination measurement of fat in the liver.

title: [Determination of liver XXXX by 1H MR spectroscopy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: We discuss the efficacy 3 pandemic @entity683 , measures planned against an anticipated outbreak. First was an exclusive @entity683 outpatient clinic. Second was a medical call center for @entity221 subjects needing with @entity221 clinic recommendation. The last was isolation. Before the outbreak, we had thought that all confirmed or suspected new @entity683 case should be quarantined. May 2009 brought the first A1/H1 pandemic @entity683 outbreak to Kobe, Japan. After the first infection announcement, call center and @entity221 clinic consultations skyrocketed, filling all 55 designated Kobe hospital bed within 48 hours. Inquiries at call centers increased more rapidly than numbers of subjects @entity221 . Just after designated hospital beds were filled, medical service restrictions were rapidly relaxed. Our experiences suggest that compulsory hospitalization broke down quickest in the @entity221 case overflow, so medical call centers may be crucial in preventing @entity221 clinic overflows by subjects with @entity221 of unknown origin not recommended to consult @entity221 clinics. Those with severe @entity683 symptoms should be given priority in hospitalization and flexible policies are recommended.

title: [Early phase medical system review in Kobe 2009 XXXX A (H1N1) pandemic].

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'rushing to fever clinics', 'fever']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: The study was performed to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of @entity7988 after transdermal administration using a microdialysis technique in @entity1707 , in comparison with @entity35 . @entity7988 release from patches was determined by analysis of the remaining drug content after application to hairless @entity35 and @entity1707 . Skin and knee joint penetration of @entity7988 was tested by microdialysis, and recovery was determined by retrodialysis. Residual rates in hairless @entity35 and @entity1707 were 68.1    1.6% and 81.7    4.4%, respectively, at 10h. The average recoveries of @entity7988 over 480 min in the skin and knee joint cases were 72.0    3.4% and 9.8    6.2% in @entity35 and 72.3    2.5% and 57.6    3.1% in @entity1707 , respectively. In @entity35 , @entity7988 was rapidly absorbed with transdermal administration, with C(max) values of 191.7    76.2 and 35.5    21.7 ng/mL and AUC(0-8h) values of 918.2    577.5 and 195.9    137.1 ngh/mL, respectively, for the skin and knee joint. The C(max) values for the @entity1707 were 20.9    18.5 and 3.7    3.0 ng/mL, with AUC(0-8h) values of 73.1    69.2 and 16.1    16.1 ngh/mL. @entity7988 concentrations within skin and knee joint of non-application sites in @entity35 and @entity1707 were less than 0.8 ng/mL. Transdermal administration of @entity7988 significantly reduced @entity1421 levels in the skin of the application site and showed a tendency for inhibition in the knee joint. We thus demonstrated that topical patches containing @entity7988 can deliver the drug through the skin and knee joint of @entity1707 and @entity35 via direct diffusion, and microdialysis data with the @entity1707 may be useful for the prediction of @entity1 tissue penetration of drugs with transdermal administration.

title: Microdialysis assessment of percutaneous penetration of XXXX after transdermal administration to hairless @entity35 and domestic pigs.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen', 'ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: The study was performed to evaluate the percutaneous penetration of @entity7988 after transdermal administration using a microdialysis technique in @entity1707 , in comparison with @entity35 . @entity7988 release from patches was determined by analysis of the remaining drug content after application to hairless @entity35 and @entity1707 . Skin and knee joint penetration of @entity7988 was tested by microdialysis, and recovery was determined by retrodialysis. Residual rates in hairless @entity35 and @entity1707 were 68.1    1.6% and 81.7    4.4%, respectively, at 10h. The average recoveries of @entity7988 over 480 min in the skin and knee joint cases were 72.0    3.4% and 9.8    6.2% in @entity35 and 72.3    2.5% and 57.6    3.1% in @entity1707 , respectively. In @entity35 , @entity7988 was rapidly absorbed with transdermal administration, with C(max) values of 191.7    76.2 and 35.5    21.7 ng/mL and AUC(0-8h) values of 918.2    577.5 and 195.9    137.1 ngh/mL, respectively, for the skin and knee joint. The C(max) values for the @entity1707 were 20.9    18.5 and 3.7    3.0 ng/mL, with AUC(0-8h) values of 73.1    69.2 and 16.1    16.1 ngh/mL. @entity7988 concentrations within skin and knee joint of non-application sites in @entity35 and @entity1707 were less than 0.8 ng/mL. Transdermal administration of @entity7988 significantly reduced @entity1421 levels in the skin of the application site and showed a tendency for inhibition in the knee joint. We thus demonstrated that topical patches containing @entity7988 can deliver the drug through the skin and knee joint of @entity1707 and @entity35 via direct diffusion, and microdialysis data with the @entity1707 may be useful for the prediction of @entity1 tissue penetration of drugs with transdermal administration.

title: Microdialysis assessment of percutaneous penetration of @entity7988 after transdermal administration to hairless XXXX and domestic pigs.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The MNREAD reading acuity (RA) charts use continuous-text reading to measure (1) RA, ie, the smallest size of print that the @entity1 can resolve; (2) @entity5545 ( @entity5545 ); and (3) critical print size (CPS), ie, the smallest print that the @entity1 can read with maximum speed. This project used the MNREAD charts to evaluate reading performance in @entity1 and adults with @entity4068 to determine the smallest print size recommended to facilitate effortless reading. METHODS: A total of 63 subjects with @entity4068 were administered the MNREAD test to determine the critical print size for effortless reading. The subjects read continuous, high-contrast text print until they could no longer discern the words. The @entity5545 and CPS were determined with the MNREAD protocol. Presence or absence of @entity346 and strabismus was recorded. Distance visual acuity was measured with ETDRS charts. RESULTS: The sample included 25 male and 38 female subjects with a median age of 16 years. Median @entity5545 was 150 words per minute. The mean CPS was 0.84 logMAR, notably larger than the mean RA of 0.53 logMAR. CONCLUSIONS: The MNREAD acuity charts can be used to determine functional reading ability and critical print size for effortless reading in individuals with @entity4068 . The amount of enlargement in print size can be used in educational and vocational recommendations to facilitate reading.

title: Reading acuity in XXXX : evaluation with MNREAD charts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'maximum reading speed']

answer: @entity4068 :: (MESH:D000417,Disease) :: ['albinism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To observe the effect of a topical anesthetic on @entity158 and corneal clarity in premature @entity1 undergoing eye examinations for @entity989 ( @entity989 ). METHODS: @entity989 examinations were performed on premature @entity1 who were randomized to receive either @entity24505 0.5% or an artificial tear solution in the right eye. All @entity1 received an artificial tear solution in the left eye. Assessment of discomfort was performed by use of the Premature @entity1 @entity158 Profile (PIPP) during examination of the right eye, with a @entity158 event defined as a PIPP score>= 11. The left eye was then examined and a comparison of corneal clarity was made between the 2 eyes. RESULTS: A total of 39 examinations were performed on 34 @entity1 : artificial tear solution was administered 17 times and topical @entity24505 anesthetic 22 times. The mean PIPP score for those receiving artificial tears was 10.4 compared with 8.8 for the anesthetic group (p=0.17). Of the examinations without anesthetic, 65% were @entity158 , compared with 27% with anesthetic (p=0.04). No effect on corneal clarity was observed in any examination. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a topical anesthetic appears to marginally decrease @entity158 and has no adverse effect on subjectively assessed corneal clarity during examination of premature @entity1 for @entity989 .

title: Masked trial of topical anesthesia for XXXX eye examinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity24505 :: ('MESH:C005717', 'Chemical') :: ['proparacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: @entity957 is a highly evolving @entity5 . Thus an early diagnosis is a major matter in order to avoid tumoral spread and mutilating surgery. Intra-epithelial @entity5 is a @entity189 in situ involving a disorganized cytological structure and intraepithelial architecture without any change on the derma. It has a bimodal pathogenesis: it can be induced by @entity778 and thus @entity1490 or Boweno  d papulosis, or by a @entity3854 . @entity1490 concerns mainly @entity1 after 50 years old. There are not any spontaneous remission and it transforms slowly in 20-30% of the cases into a @entity957 . Its treatment is surgical @entity75 . The Boweno  d papulosis concerns mainly young @entity1 . These lesions are rarely invasive and are likely to regress spontaneously. It can be treated conservatively. The @entity3854 is an inflammatory chronic disease which etiology is still unknown. It is localized on the glans and the prepuce. Its treatment is essentially circumcision. After treatment, @entity1 must be followed-up and biopsies must be performed for any sign of degeneration.

title: [Penile dermatological lesions: how to identify XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus', 'lichen sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma virus HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Penile squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term oncological impact of @entity834 ( @entity834 ) after restorative surgery for @entity14 using meta-analytical methods. Outcomes evaluated were local recurrence, distant recurrence, and survival. BACKGROUND: Recurrence after potentially curative surgery for @entity14 remains a significant clinical problem and has a poor prognosis. @entity834 may be a risk factor for disease recurrence, however available studies have been conflicting. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of @entity834 on disease recurrence and long-term survival. METHODS: Studies published between 1965 and 2009 evaluating the long-term oncological impact of @entity834 were identified by an electronic literature search. Outcomes evaluated included local recurrence, distant recurrence, and @entity5 specific survival. Meta-analysis was performed using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model to compute odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Study heterogeneity was evaluated using Q statistics and I and publication bias assessed with funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies comprising 13 prospective nonrandomized studies, 1 prospective randomized, and 7 retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 21,902 @entity1 . For rectal anastomoses, the odd ratios (OR) of developing a local recurrence when there was @entity834 was 2.05 (95% CI = 1.51-2.8; P = 0.0001). For studies describing both colon and rectal anastomoses, the OR of local recurrence when there was an @entity834 was 2.9 (95% CI = 1.78-4.71; P < 0.001). The OR of developing a distant recurrence after @entity834 was 1.38 (95% CI = 0.96-1.99; P = 0.083). Long term @entity5 specific mortality was significantly higher after @entity834 with an OR of 1.75 (95% CI = 1.47-2.1; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity834 has a negative prognostic impact on local recurrence after restorative resection of @entity5 . A significant association between colorectal @entity834 and reduced long-term @entity5 specific survival was also noted. No association between @entity834 and distant recurrence was found.

title: Increased local recurrence and reduced survival from XXXX following anastomotic leak: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document the evolution and functional and structural significance of parafoveal rings of high-density fundus autofluorescence (AF) in @entity1 with @entity6391 and preserved visual acuity. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity6391 or @entity15439 , who had a parafoveal ring of high-density AF and a visual acuity of 20/30 or better, were ascertained. All had international standard full-field electroretinography and pattern electroretinography. Autofluorescence imaging was repeated in 30 @entity1 after periods of up to 9.3 years. Of the 52 @entity1 , 35 underwent optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Progressive constriction of the ring was detected in 17 @entity1 . Ring radius reduced by up to 40% at a mean rate of between 0.8% and 15.8% per year. In 1 @entity1 , a small ring was replaced by irregular AF; visual acuity deteriorated over the same period. There was a high correspondence between the lateral extent of the preserved optical coherence tomography inner segment/outer segment band and the diameter of the ring along the same optical coherence tomographic scan plane (slope, 0.9; r = 0.97; P < 0.005; n = 35) and between preserved inner segment/outer segment lamina and the pattern electroretinography P50 measure of macular function (R = 0.72; P < 0.005; n = 34). CONCLUSION: Rings of increased AF surround areas of preserved outer retina and preserved photopic function. Serial fundus AF may provide prognostic indicators for preservation of central acuity and potentially assist in the identification and evaluation of @entity1 suitable for treatment aimed at preservation of remaining function.

title: Serial imaging and structure-function correlates of high-density rings of fundus autofluorescence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa', 'retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of adult @entity1 hospitalised with @entity683 or @entity55 during a pandemic season in a sentinel network in Australia. DESIGN, @entity1 AND SETTING: Prospective case series of adult hospital admissions to eight acute care general public hospitals (Influenza Complications Alert Network [Flu CAN] sentinel hospitals) in six Australian jurisdictions, 1 July to 4 December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic, clinical and outcome measures in @entity1 admitted with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 in the sentinel hospitals compared with data from national notifications and intensive care unit (ICU) surveillance; admissions for @entity55 over time in each jurisdiction. RESULTS: During 190 hospital-weeks of observation, there were 538 @entity683 admissions. Of these, 465 @entity1 (86.4%) had the pandemic strain, representing 9.3% of total admissions with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 @entity683 (n = 4992) recorded nationally in 2009. Of these @entity1 , 250/465 (53.8%) were @entity1 , 67/453 (14.8%) were Indigenous, and the median age was 46 years (interquartile range, 29-58 years). Comorbidities were present in 354/464 @entity1 (76.3%), and 40 were pregnant (30.3% of @entity1 aged 15-49 years). FluCAN reported that 102 @entity1 (21.9%) were admitted to ICUs, and of @entity1 admitted to hospital, 26 (5.6%) died. FluCAN results were very similar to national notification data and published ICU admissions data. Of those who were followed to 30 days after discharge, 30 (6.5%) were readmitted. Of 1468 @entity1 hospitalised with @entity55 , 718 (48.9%) were tested for @entity683 and 163 (11.1%) were co-infected with the pandemic strain. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel surveillance systems can provide important and reliable information in a timely fashion and can monitor changes in severity of @entity683 during a pandemic season.

title: FluCAN 2009: initial results from sentinel surveillance for adult XXXX in eight Australian hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'influenza and pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['influenza and pneumonia']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and atypical @entity304 (AP) cause a significant socioeconomic burden, but there is insufficient information about the total disease burden at a national level. Thus, the goal of this study was to estimate the excess direct and indirect costs of @entity191 and AP in a national sample. Using records from the Danish National @entity1 Registry (1997-2007), 13,400 @entity191 and 647 AP @entity1 were identified and compared with, respectively, 53,600 and 2,588 control cases randomly selected with respect to age, gender, civil status, and geographic location. Direct costs including frequencies of primary and sector contacts and procedures, and medication from primary and secondary sectors were obtained from the Danish Ministry of Health, the Danish Medicines Agency, and the National Health Security. Indirect costs, which included labor supply and social transfer payments, were based on income data derived from the Coherent Social Statistics. @entity1 with @entity191 and AP had significantly higher rates of health-related contact and medication use and a higher socioeconomic cost. Furthermore, they had very low employment rates, and those in employment had a lower income level than employed control subjects. The annual mean excess health-related cost was < @entity7634 >6,500 ( 8,975/  5,543) and < @entity7634 >9,771 ( 13,491/  8,332) for each @entity1 with @entity191 and AP, respectively. In addition, the @entity1 with @entity191 and AP received an annual mean excess social transfer income of < @entity7634 >324 (  276/ 447) and < @entity7634 >844 (  719/ 1,165), respectively. The employment- and health-related consequences could be identified up to 8 years before the first diagnosis and increased with disease advancement. @entity191 and AP have major socioeconomic consequences for @entity1 and society. The health effects are present for up to more than 8 years before a diagnosis of @entity191 /AP.

title: The health-related, social, and economic consequences of XXXX : a controlled national study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the terminology used when describing clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the investigation of complex @entity154 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 and @entity1 with complex @entity154 underwent vaginal examination and pelvic MRI. The findings from both procedures were compared. Different terms used to refer to the vagina were noted. Where clinical and MRI results were discordant, findings and terminology were reviewed by the multidisciplinary team. RESULTS: Eleven different terms were used to describe vaginal anatomy. In 10 cases (23%) clinical and MRI findings appeared discordant. On review, it became clear that in all but two cases identical findings were being described using different vocabulary. CONCLUSION: At present, there is no standard descriptive terminology recommended for these anomalies and clinical @entity911 can arise. A uniform protocol for terminology should be agreed between specialists undertaking this work.

title: Correlation or XXXX : the need for accurate terminology when comparing magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessment of @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital Mullerian anomalies']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['confusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the terminology used when describing clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the investigation of complex @entity154 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 and @entity1 with complex @entity154 underwent vaginal examination and pelvic MRI. The findings from both procedures were compared. Different terms used to refer to the vagina were noted. Where clinical and MRI results were discordant, findings and terminology were reviewed by the multidisciplinary team. RESULTS: Eleven different terms were used to describe vaginal anatomy. In 10 cases (23%) clinical and MRI findings appeared discordant. On review, it became clear that in all but two cases identical findings were being described using different vocabulary. CONCLUSION: At present, there is no standard descriptive terminology recommended for these anomalies and clinical @entity911 can arise. A uniform protocol for terminology should be agreed between specialists undertaking this work.

title: Correlation or @entity911 : the need for accurate terminology when comparing magnetic resonance imaging and clinical assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital vaginal anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a versatile large animal model for @entity850 repair using autologous urothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 male minipigs were used. An artificial @entity850 model was established using suture-ligation, thermo-coagulation and internal urethrotomy. A vesicostomy served for urinary diversion. @entity850 formation was confirmed radiologically and histologically. Autologous urothelial cells were harvested from bladder washings, cultivated and labeled. Internal urethrotomy was done in all, and the cultivated cells were injected into the urethrotomy wound. All animals were sacrificed after 4 or 8 weeks. Immunohistology was done to confirm the presence of autologous urothelial cells within the reconstituted urethra. RESULTS: @entity850 formation was verified with all three methods. Histologically, no significant differences in the severity of @entity850 development could be observed with regard to the method used. The autologous urothelial cells in the area of the urethrotomy could be detected in the urothelium and the corpus spongiosum until 8 weeks after re-implantation. CONCLUSIONS: We created a reliable and reproducible porcine model for artificial @entity3832 . Autologous urothelial cells can be implanted into an artificial @entity850 after urethrotomy. These cells retain their epithelial phenotype and are integrated in the resident urothelium. Further comparative studies are needed to ultimately determine a superior efficacy of this novel approach.

title: Development of a porcine animal model for XXXX repair using autologous urothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture', 'stricture', 'endoscopic stricture']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral stricture']


abstract: Despite advances in the treatment of @entity120 , a truly restorative therapy has not been achieved. Attention has been given to circulating angiogenic cells (CACs, also termed early endothelial progenitor cells) because of their ability to home to sites of @entity1317 and regenerate blood vessels. We studied the efficacy of @entity1 CAC therapy in the treatment of @entity120 at two different stages of disease severity. Cells were isolated from peripheral blood and administered to nude @entity35 on day 14 ("early") or day 21 ("late") after @entity6560 injection. The control group received @entity6560 but no cell treatment. Disease progression was assessed using right heart catheterization and echocardiography at multiple time points. Survival differences, @entity8158 ( @entity8158 ), and vascular @entity1184 were analyzed at the study endpoint. Quantitative PCR was performed to evaluate cell engraftment. Treatment with @entity1 CACs either at the early or late time points did not result in increased survival, and therapy did not prevent or reduce the severity of disease compared with control. Histological analysis of @entity8158 and vascular muscularization showed no benefit with therapy compared with control. No detectable signal was seen of @entity1 transcript in transplanted lungs at 14 or 21 days after cell transplant. In conclusion, CAC therapy was not associated with increased survival and did not result in either clinical or histological benefits. Future studies should be geared toward either earlier therapeutic time points with varying doses of unmodified CACs or genetically modified cells as a means of delivery of factors to the pulmonary arterial circulation.

title: Treatment of XXXX with circulating angiogenic cells.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy', 'RVH']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize literature on the responsiveness and reliability of @entity7994 -based measures of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) structural change. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using articles published up to the time of the search, April 2009. 1338 abstracts obtained with this search were preliminarily screened for relevance and of these, 243 were selected for data extraction. For this analysis we extracted data on reliability and responsiveness for every reported synovial joint tissue as it relates to @entity7994 measurement in knee @entity571 . Reliability was defined by inter- and intra-reader @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), or coefficient of variation, or kappa statistics. @entity6372 was defined as standardized response mean (SRM) - ratio of mean of change over time divided by standard deviation of change. Random-effects models were used to pool data from multiple studies. RESULTS: The reliability analysis included data from 84 manuscripts. The inter-reader and intra-reader @entity7166 were excellent (range 0.8-0.94) and the inter-reader and intra-reader kappa values for quantitative and semi-quantitative measures were all moderate to excellent (range 0.52-0.88). The lowest value (kappa=0.52) corresponded to semi-quantitative synovial scoring intra-reader reliability and the highest value ( @entity7166 =0.94) for semi-quantitative cartilage morphology. The responsiveness analysis included data from 42 manuscripts. The pooled SRM for quantitative measures of cartilage morphometry for the medial tibiofemoral joint was  -0.86 (95% confidence intervals (CI)  -1.26 to  -0.46). The pooled SRM for the semi-quantitative measurement of cartilage morphology for the medial tibiofemoral joint was 0.55 (95% CI 0.47-0.64). For the quantitative analysis, SRMs are negative because the quantitative value, indicating a @entity393 , goes down. For the semi-quantitative analysis, SRMs indicating a loss in cartilage are positive (increase in score). CONCLUSION: @entity7994 has evolved substantially over the last decade and its strengths include the ability to visualize individual tissue pathologies, which can be measured reliably and with good responsiveness using both quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques.

title: XXXX and reliability of @entity7994 in @entity626 : a meta-analysis of published evidence.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['intra-class correlation', 'ICC']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of cartilage']

answer: @entity6372 :: (MESH:C538007,Disease) :: ['Responsiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize literature on the responsiveness and reliability of @entity7994 -based measures of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) structural change. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using articles published up to the time of the search, April 2009. 1338 abstracts obtained with this search were preliminarily screened for relevance and of these, 243 were selected for data extraction. For this analysis we extracted data on reliability and responsiveness for every reported synovial joint tissue as it relates to @entity7994 measurement in knee @entity571 . Reliability was defined by inter- and intra-reader @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), or coefficient of variation, or kappa statistics. @entity6372 was defined as standardized response mean (SRM) - ratio of mean of change over time divided by standard deviation of change. Random-effects models were used to pool data from multiple studies. RESULTS: The reliability analysis included data from 84 manuscripts. The inter-reader and intra-reader @entity7166 were excellent (range 0.8-0.94) and the inter-reader and intra-reader kappa values for quantitative and semi-quantitative measures were all moderate to excellent (range 0.52-0.88). The lowest value (kappa=0.52) corresponded to semi-quantitative synovial scoring intra-reader reliability and the highest value ( @entity7166 =0.94) for semi-quantitative cartilage morphology. The responsiveness analysis included data from 42 manuscripts. The pooled SRM for quantitative measures of cartilage morphometry for the medial tibiofemoral joint was  -0.86 (95% confidence intervals (CI)  -1.26 to  -0.46). The pooled SRM for the semi-quantitative measurement of cartilage morphology for the medial tibiofemoral joint was 0.55 (95% CI 0.47-0.64). For the quantitative analysis, SRMs are negative because the quantitative value, indicating a @entity393 , goes down. For the semi-quantitative analysis, SRMs indicating a loss in cartilage are positive (increase in score). CONCLUSION: @entity7994 has evolved substantially over the last decade and its strengths include the ability to visualize individual tissue pathologies, which can be measured reliably and with good responsiveness using both quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques.

title: @entity6372 and reliability of @entity7994 in XXXX : a meta-analysis of published evidence.

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize literature on the responsiveness and reliability of @entity7994 -based measures of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) structural change. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using articles published up to the time of the search, April 2009. 1338 abstracts obtained with this search were preliminarily screened for relevance and of these, 243 were selected for data extraction. For this analysis we extracted data on reliability and responsiveness for every reported synovial joint tissue as it relates to @entity7994 measurement in knee @entity571 . Reliability was defined by inter- and intra-reader @entity7166 ( @entity7166 ), or coefficient of variation, or kappa statistics. @entity6372 was defined as standardized response mean (SRM) - ratio of mean of change over time divided by standard deviation of change. Random-effects models were used to pool data from multiple studies. RESULTS: The reliability analysis included data from 84 manuscripts. The inter-reader and intra-reader @entity7166 were excellent (range 0.8-0.94) and the inter-reader and intra-reader kappa values for quantitative and semi-quantitative measures were all moderate to excellent (range 0.52-0.88). The lowest value (kappa=0.52) corresponded to semi-quantitative synovial scoring intra-reader reliability and the highest value ( @entity7166 =0.94) for semi-quantitative cartilage morphology. The responsiveness analysis included data from 42 manuscripts. The pooled SRM for quantitative measures of cartilage morphometry for the medial tibiofemoral joint was  -0.86 (95% confidence intervals (CI)  -1.26 to  -0.46). The pooled SRM for the semi-quantitative measurement of cartilage morphology for the medial tibiofemoral joint was 0.55 (95% CI 0.47-0.64). For the quantitative analysis, SRMs are negative because the quantitative value, indicating a @entity393 , goes down. For the semi-quantitative analysis, SRMs indicating a loss in cartilage are positive (increase in score). CONCLUSION: @entity7994 has evolved substantially over the last decade and its strengths include the ability to visualize individual tissue pathologies, which can be measured reliably and with good responsiveness using both quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques.

title: @entity6372 and reliability of XXXX in @entity626 : a meta-analysis of published evidence.

answer: @entity7994 :: (78996,Gene) :: ['MRI']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the expression profile of multiple @entity5 ( @entity5 ) genes in transitional cell @entity150 ( @entity8214 ), and investigate its possible correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS: The mRNA expression of 6 @entity5 genes was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 102 @entity8214 samples (59 Ta-T1, 43 T2-T4, 44 G1, 32 G2, and 26 G3 samples) as well as the matching adjacent normal bladder mucosa for each sample. The @entity5840 protein expression was also determined by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed in selected samples to confirm the @entity5840 protein expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of all 6 @entity5 genes was detected with relatively high frequencies in @entity8214 tissues. The percent of samples positive for each gene in the @entity8214 samples are: @entity5840 , 58.8%; @entity6472 , 56.9%; @entity72984 , 52.9%; MAGE-A12, 51%; @entity72984 , 49%; and @entity16051 , 45.1%. Furthermore, @entity5840 protein expression was positive in 52.9% of @entity8214 tissues by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry showed an exclusively cytoplasmic staining pattern of @entity5840 protein. Neither @entity5 gene mRNA expression nor @entity5840 protein expression was found in the adjacent normal tissue. There was no significant correlation between @entity5 gene expression and clinicopathologic characteristics (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All six @entity5 genes are highly expressed in @entity8214 , and may serve as therapeutic targets of specific immunotherapy for @entity8214 , especially in multi-antigen vaccine preparations.

title: Expression profile of @entity5 genes in transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'cancer testis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the expression profile of multiple @entity5 ( @entity5 ) genes in transitional cell @entity150 ( @entity8214 ), and investigate its possible correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS: The mRNA expression of 6 @entity5 genes was detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 102 @entity8214 samples (59 Ta-T1, 43 T2-T4, 44 G1, 32 G2, and 26 G3 samples) as well as the matching adjacent normal bladder mucosa for each sample. The @entity5840 protein expression was also determined by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed in selected samples to confirm the @entity5840 protein expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of all 6 @entity5 genes was detected with relatively high frequencies in @entity8214 tissues. The percent of samples positive for each gene in the @entity8214 samples are: @entity5840 , 58.8%; @entity6472 , 56.9%; @entity72984 , 52.9%; MAGE-A12, 51%; @entity72984 , 49%; and @entity16051 , 45.1%. Furthermore, @entity5840 protein expression was positive in 52.9% of @entity8214 tissues by immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry showed an exclusively cytoplasmic staining pattern of @entity5840 protein. Neither @entity5 gene mRNA expression nor @entity5840 protein expression was found in the adjacent normal tissue. There was no significant correlation between @entity5 gene expression and clinicopathologic characteristics (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All six @entity5 genes are highly expressed in @entity8214 , and may serve as therapeutic targets of specific immunotherapy for @entity8214 , especially in multi-antigen vaccine preparations.

title: Expression profile of XXXX genes in transitional cell @entity150 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-testis']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize @entity1 with urate measurements by urate-lowering therapy (ULT) use and to study the impact of @entity208 treatment on cardiovascular and mortality outcomes. METHODS: A cohort study using a record-linkage database. The study included 7135 @entity1 aged >= 60 years with urate measurements between 2000 and 2002 followed up until 2007. A Cox regression model was used. The association between urate levels, dispensed @entity208 and cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality was determined. RESULTS: Six thousand and forty-two @entity1 were not taking ULT and 45.9% of those (2774 of 6042) had urate concentrations  <=6 mg dl(-1) . Among 1035 @entity208 users, 44.7% (45.6% for @entity1 and 43.3% for @entity1 ) reached target urate concentration. There was no significant increased risk of cardiovascular events for @entity208 users when compared with non-ULT users [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-1.26] and the non-ULT group with urate >6 mg dl(-1) (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89-1.28). Within the @entity208 use cohort, cardiovascular event rates were 74.0 (95% CI 61.9-86.1) per 1000 @entity1 years for the 100 mg group, 69.7 (49.6-89.8) for the 200 mg group and 47.6 (38.4-56.9) for the >= 300 mg group. Compared with low-dose (100 mg) users, high-dose (>= 300 mg) users had significant reductions in the risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94) and mortality (adjusted HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Less than 50% of @entity1 taking @entity208 reached target urate concentration. Higher doses of @entity208 were associated with better control of urate and lower risks of both cardiovascular events and mortality.

title: Impact of XXXX use on urate concentration and cardiovascular outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: Actin cytoskeleton has been shown to play a regulating role in several signaling pathways, and disruption of actin filament has been reported to increase sTNF-a-induced cell death. However, whether actin is involved in tmTNF-a-mediated @entity137 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of HL-60 with CytD or LatA to depolymerize actin significantly suppressed tmTNF-a-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, tmTNF-a increased the actin immunoprecipitated by anti- @entity10733 but not anti- @entity10736 antibody, and disruption of the actin filament totally blocked this effect. In addition, @entity10736 knockdown by siRNA did not affect tmTNF-a-mediated @entity137 and the inhibitory effect of CytD, suggesting that the involvement of actin in the tmTNF-a-induced apoptosis is linked to the @entity10733 pathway. Our results revealed further that tmTNF-a signaled the inhibition of IkB degradation and NF-kB activity by recruiting @entity5398 to and uncoupling @entity9134 from the @entity10733 complex. Nevertheless, CytD totally reversed the tmTNF-a signaling and activated NF-kB by recruiting @entity9134 to and dissociating @entity5398 from the @entity10733 complex. Furthermore, tmTNF-a led to activation of @entity8186 by dissociation of cFLIP from @entity10733 and inhibition of the cFLIP expression. Activated @entity8186 cleft @entity5398 to suppress NF-kB activity and also mediated tmTNF-a-induced apoptosis. However, CytD blocked the tmTNF-a-induced uncoupling of cFLIP from @entity10733 and prevented @entity8186 activation and the resulting cleavage of @entity5398 , converting the signaling for tmTNF-a-mediated apoptosis into one for activating NF-kB to survive. These results suggest that the actin cytoskeleton functions in transmitting signals via @entity10733 to mediate tmTNF-a-induced apoptosis.

title: The involvement of b-actin in the signaling of transmembrane TNF-a-mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Circadian clocks regulate many molecular and physiological processes in @entity958 ( @entity958 ), allowing the timing of these processes to occur at the most appropriate time of the day in a 24-h period. The accuracy of timing relies on the synchrony of the clock and the environmental day/night cycle. Visible light is the most potent signal for such synchronization, but light-induced responses are also rhythmically attenuated (gated) by the clock. Here, we report a similar mutual interaction of the circadian clock and non-damaging photomorphogenic UV-B light. We show that low-intensity UV-B radiation acts as entraining signal for the clock. UV RESISTANCE LOCUS   8 ( @entity72985 ) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC   1 ( @entity29820 ) are required, but ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL   5 ( @entity47340 ) and @entity47340 HOMOLOG (HYH) are dispensable for this process. UV-B responsiveness of clock gene expression suggests that photomorphogenic UV-B entrains the plant clock through transcriptional activation. We also demonstrate that UV-B induction of gene expression under these conditions is gated by the clock in a @entity47340 /HYH-independent manner. The arrhythmic early flowering   3-4 mutant showed non-gated, high-level gene induction by UV-B, yet displayed no increased tolerance to UV-B stress. Thus, the temporal restriction of UV-B responsiveness by the circadian clock can be considered as saving resources during acclimation without losing fitness.

title: Functional interaction of the circadian clock and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS   8-controlled UV-B signaling pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity808 is a neurogenic @entity5 rarely found in the sinonasal tract. It is a @entity5 arising from the sheath of myelinated nerve fibers that may occur in any part of the body. Its diagnosis and treatment can pose certain challenges. METHODS: A 35-year-old @entity1 presented to the senior surgeon with a nasal tip @entity5 that had been developing for almost 10  years. Ultrasound showed @entity4 of the nose because of multiple solid nodes. The computed tomography (CT) scan did not show invasion of the bony framework around the @entity5 (maxilla, septum, nasal bones). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a deviation of the septum and well-defined round nodes at the nasal tip with a thick layer of skin around them. Resection of the @entity5 was performed using open rhinoplasty. RESULTS: The limits of the excision were free of @entity5 , and histologic analysis of the @entity5 showed the characteristics of a @entity808 . At this writing, 2  years postoperatively, the @entity1 is free of recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity808 of the nasal tip is a @entity5 that gradually causes @entity2383 . Radiologic examinations can assist in its diagnosis. The treatment is surgical excision and histologic analysis of the specimen.

title: XXXX of the nasal tip: diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['aesthetic and functional disorders']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4044 extract, @entity12689 , is widely used as herbal supplements throughout Western society. It has been used in the treatment of various common geriatric complaints including @entity2414 . Our previous study has shown that acute systemic administration of @entity12689 enhanced extinction of fear-potentiated @entity427 (FPS) in @entity35 . Little is known about the behavioral effects of hippocampally administered @entity12689 on the extinction of FPS. OBJECTIVE: The current study was performed to evaluate the involvement of the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on the extinction of FPS. METHODS AND RESULT: Male adult SD @entity35 were used. @entity12689 (28  ng/side, bilaterally) was infused into @entity27202 bilaterally 10  min prior to extinction training. Animals were then tested for FPS 24  h later. Results showed that intra-hippocampal infusion of @entity12689 prior to extinction training facilitated extinction, which was not due to impairments of expression of conditioned fear. Intra-hippocampal injection of ERK1/2 inhibitor @entity4286 partially attenuates the above @entity12689 effect. Therefore, acute @entity12689 administration modulated extinction of conditioned fear, which might be mediated by more than one signal cascade. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity27202 may participate in the facilitation effect of @entity12689 on the extinction of conditioned fear. In addition to ERK1/2, another signal cascade may also be involved in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on extinction.

title: The role of the XXXX on the @entity4044 facilitation effect of fear extinction as assessed with fear-potentiated @entity427 .

entities_list: @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal hippocampus', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory loss']

answer: @entity27202 :: (MESH:C538109,Disease) :: ['dorsal hippocampus']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4044 extract, @entity12689 , is widely used as herbal supplements throughout Western society. It has been used in the treatment of various common geriatric complaints including @entity2414 . Our previous study has shown that acute systemic administration of @entity12689 enhanced extinction of fear-potentiated @entity427 (FPS) in @entity35 . Little is known about the behavioral effects of hippocampally administered @entity12689 on the extinction of FPS. OBJECTIVE: The current study was performed to evaluate the involvement of the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on the extinction of FPS. METHODS AND RESULT: Male adult SD @entity35 were used. @entity12689 (28  ng/side, bilaterally) was infused into @entity27202 bilaterally 10  min prior to extinction training. Animals were then tested for FPS 24  h later. Results showed that intra-hippocampal infusion of @entity12689 prior to extinction training facilitated extinction, which was not due to impairments of expression of conditioned fear. Intra-hippocampal injection of ERK1/2 inhibitor @entity4286 partially attenuates the above @entity12689 effect. Therefore, acute @entity12689 administration modulated extinction of conditioned fear, which might be mediated by more than one signal cascade. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity27202 may participate in the facilitation effect of @entity12689 on the extinction of conditioned fear. In addition to ERK1/2, another signal cascade may also be involved in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on extinction.

title: The role of the @entity27202 on the XXXX facilitation effect of fear extinction as assessed with fear-potentiated @entity427 .

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4044 extract, @entity12689 , is widely used as herbal supplements throughout Western society. It has been used in the treatment of various common geriatric complaints including @entity2414 . Our previous study has shown that acute systemic administration of @entity12689 enhanced extinction of fear-potentiated @entity427 (FPS) in @entity35 . Little is known about the behavioral effects of hippocampally administered @entity12689 on the extinction of FPS. OBJECTIVE: The current study was performed to evaluate the involvement of the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on the extinction of FPS. METHODS AND RESULT: Male adult SD @entity35 were used. @entity12689 (28  ng/side, bilaterally) was infused into @entity27202 bilaterally 10  min prior to extinction training. Animals were then tested for FPS 24  h later. Results showed that intra-hippocampal infusion of @entity12689 prior to extinction training facilitated extinction, which was not due to impairments of expression of conditioned fear. Intra-hippocampal injection of ERK1/2 inhibitor @entity4286 partially attenuates the above @entity12689 effect. Therefore, acute @entity12689 administration modulated extinction of conditioned fear, which might be mediated by more than one signal cascade. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity27202 may participate in the facilitation effect of @entity12689 on the extinction of conditioned fear. In addition to ERK1/2, another signal cascade may also be involved in the @entity12689 facilitation effect on extinction.

title: The role of the @entity27202 on the @entity4044 facilitation effect of fear extinction as assessed with fear-potentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']


abstract: The objectives of the study are to investigate gestational age-specific mortality and neonatal outcomes in preterm @entity1 admitted to a tertiary center in Lithuania, and to make comparison with tertiary centers in western countries. Three hundred thirty-eight newborns born at  <= 32 weeks of gestation and with birth weight  <= 1,500 g between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2005, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Kaunas Medical University Hospital, were prospectively investigated. Mortality and associations between maternal, perinatal, and neonatal variables and short-term outcomes were examined for two gestational age (GA) groups (group I, extremely preterm, 22-27 weeks GA; group II, very preterm, 28-32 weeks GA). Mortality in group I was 53.5% and 2.9% in group II. GA <28 weeks, Apgar score <5 at 5 min, and birth weight <1,000 g posed the highest risk for @entity204 . Overall, 78.2% of the surviving @entity1 were discharged from hospital without adverse short-term outcomes. The incidence of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ) was 6.3%, of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) requiring treatment 4.2%, of @entity548 ( @entity548 ) III-IV 10.9%, and for @entity5719 ( @entity5719 ) 8.0%. In conclusion, a decade after introduction of perinatal programs, mortality in the very preterm group is similar to those reported from cohorts in western countries. In the extremely preterm group, however, mortality is still higher. Neonatal outcomes such as @entity989 are now similar, and @entity2107 is lower to those in other cohorts, whereas the incidence of @entity75 is still higher. We speculate that differences in outcomes between studies may be explained by differences in resources, definitions, and treatment routines.

title: Neonatal outcomes of very preterm XXXX admitted to a tertiary center in Lithuania between the years 2003 and 2005.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['cystic periventricular leukomalacia', 'cPVL']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: This research is motivated by a pilot @entity2513 study, where the outcome of interest is the presence of @entity2513 representing risk for @entity14 , and the predictors of interest are protein biomarkers that are repeatedly measured with errors along the length of a microscopic structure in the @entity1 colon, the colon crypt. Biomarkers of this type are referred to as functional biomarkers. The investigators are interested in identifying features of functional biomarkers that are associated with risk for @entity14 . In this paper, we investigate a joint modeling approach, where the binary clinical outcome is modeled using a logistic regression model with the unobserved true functional biomarkers as the predictors. Most existing methods are developed either for linear models or for functional biomarkers measured without errors and cannot be directly applied to our data. The applicable methods include a two-step method and a maximum likelihood method, which have some limitations. We propose a robust semiparametric method to overcome the limitations of the existing methods. We study the properties of the proposed method, and show in simulations that it compares favorably with other methods and also offers significant savings in CPU time. We analyze the pilot @entity2513 data and show that expression levels of AFC, a @entity5 suppressor gene, in the transitional area from the proliferation zone to the differentiation zone of colon crypts are likely to be associated with risk for @entity14 . Given the relatively small sample size in the pilot study, our results need to be validated in the future full-scale studies.

title: Semiparametric estimation for joint modeling of XXXX risk and functional biomarkers measured with errors.

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: SUMMARY: We compared skeletal parameters in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) and non- @entity6 postmenopausal @entity1 . Bone structure by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and HR-pQCT was not different, although procollagen type 1 @entity1472 -terminal propeptide (P1NP) and osteocalcin levels were lower in T2DM. INTRODUCTION: T2DM is associated with increased @entity174 risk, but, paradoxically, with higher cross-sectional bone density (BMD) as measured by DXA. We sought explanations to this puzzle by investigating detailed structural and biochemical skeletal parameters in T2DM. METHODS: Cross-sectional comparison of 25 postmenopausal T2DM @entity1 and 25 matched controls using DXA, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and biochemical bone turnover markers. RESULTS: BMD by DXA did not differ between T2DM and controls. HR-pQCT assessment also did not differ, with the exception of cortical area at the tibia, which tended to be lower in the diabetics (difference of 12        6 [mean    SD] mm, p   =   0.06). P1NP and osteocalcin levels were lower in T2DM as compared to controls (P1NP, 34.3        16 vs. 57.3        28 ng/ml; p   =   0.005; osteocalcin, 4.5        2 vs. 6.2        2 nmol/L; p   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal @entity1 with T2DM had lower levels of bone formation markers as compared to controls. Aside from a possible decrease in cortical bone area at a weight-bearing site, bone structure was not altered in T2DM. @entity79 may be a skeletal parameter that is present in T2DM.

title: Bone structure and turnover in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Lower bone turnover']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity628 ( @entity628 ) involves considerable histological heterogeneity in terms of location and quality of the @entity8 . The present study investigated the heterogeneity of @entity1347 in each variant of @entity628 , determined by the Columbia classification, and its clinical relevance. All @entity8 of 80 cases of primary @entity628 were evaluated histologically based on location [tip (TIP), perihilar (PH), or not otherwise specified (NOS)], and quality ( @entity465 or fibrous). Among the 1,299 glomeruli of the 80 biopsy specimens, 210 glomeruli (16.2%) had @entity1347 , comprising 57 (27%) @entity465 TIP, 4 (2%) fibrous TIP, 42 (20%) @entity465 NOS, 86 (41%) fibrous NOS, and 21 (10%) fibrous PH lesions. Each case was also classified into one of the five histological variants of the Columbia classification: collapsing (COL), TIP, @entity465 ( @entity465 ), PH, or NOS. Overlap of @entity1347 in different location categories was seen in the COL, TIP, and PH variants, and heterogeneity of quality was apparent in the COL and @entity465 variants. Histological findings of the @entity465 variant (endocapillary hypercellularity) were observed in nine of the 13 COL variants. Both location and quality correlated with disease duration, degree of @entity644 , and histological severity of @entity8 and tubulo-interstitial lesions. These results demonstrated the histological heterogeneity of @entity8 in all variants of the Columbia classification, except NOS. However, the fidelity of location and dominance of histological features were generally conserved in the TIP and PH variants. The COL and @entity465 variants warrant further investigation because of their overlapping histological findings and apparent histological heterogeneity in the @entity8 .

title: Histological heterogeneity of XXXX in @entity628 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['global glomerular sclerosis', 'glomerular segmental lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental lesions']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['FSGS', 'Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['CEL', 'cellular']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular segmental lesions']


abstract: @entity628 ( @entity628 ) involves considerable histological heterogeneity in terms of location and quality of the @entity8 . The present study investigated the heterogeneity of @entity1347 in each variant of @entity628 , determined by the Columbia classification, and its clinical relevance. All @entity8 of 80 cases of primary @entity628 were evaluated histologically based on location [tip (TIP), perihilar (PH), or not otherwise specified (NOS)], and quality ( @entity465 or fibrous). Among the 1,299 glomeruli of the 80 biopsy specimens, 210 glomeruli (16.2%) had @entity1347 , comprising 57 (27%) @entity465 TIP, 4 (2%) fibrous TIP, 42 (20%) @entity465 NOS, 86 (41%) fibrous NOS, and 21 (10%) fibrous PH lesions. Each case was also classified into one of the five histological variants of the Columbia classification: collapsing (COL), TIP, @entity465 ( @entity465 ), PH, or NOS. Overlap of @entity1347 in different location categories was seen in the COL, TIP, and PH variants, and heterogeneity of quality was apparent in the COL and @entity465 variants. Histological findings of the @entity465 variant (endocapillary hypercellularity) were observed in nine of the 13 COL variants. Both location and quality correlated with disease duration, degree of @entity644 , and histological severity of @entity8 and tubulo-interstitial lesions. These results demonstrated the histological heterogeneity of @entity8 in all variants of the Columbia classification, except NOS. However, the fidelity of location and dominance of histological features were generally conserved in the TIP and PH variants. The COL and @entity465 variants warrant further investigation because of their overlapping histological findings and apparent histological heterogeneity in the @entity8 .

title: Histological heterogeneity of @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1374 are among the most common diseases in Germany, affecting around 15 million @entity1 and leading to more than 100,000 thyroid surgeries per year. Since the first German guidelines for the surgical treatment of benign goiter were published in 1998, abundant new information has become available, significantly shifting surgical strategy towards more radical interventions. Additionally, minimally invasive techniques have been developed and gained wide usage. These circumstances demanded a revision of the guidelines. METHODS: Based on a review of relevant recent guidelines from other groups and additional literature, unpublished data, and clinical experience, the German Association of Endocrine Surgeons formulated new recommendations on the surgical treatment of benign @entity1374 . These guidelines were developed through a formal expert consensus process and in collaboration with the German societies of Nuclear Medicine, Endocrinology, Pathology, and Phoniatrics _ Pedaudiology as well as two @entity1 organizations. Consensus was achieved through several moderated conferences of surgical experts and representatives of the collaborating medical societies and @entity1 organizations. RESULTS: The revised guidelines for the surgical treatment of benign @entity1374 include recommendations regarding the preoperative assessment necessary to determine when surgery is indicated. Recommendations regarding the extent of resection, surgical techniques, and perioperative management are also given in order to optimize @entity1 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based recommendations for the surgical treatment of benign @entity1374 have been created to aid the surgeon and to support optimal @entity1 care, based on current knowledge. These recommendations comply with the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany requirements for S2k guidelines.

title: German Association of Endocrine Surgeons practice guidelines for the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases', 'Benign thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['benign thyroid disease']


abstract: @entity13797 , including @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 (CL (P)), are common @entity600 , second only to clubfoot in frequency of occurrence. The epidemiology and genetics of this disorder have been studied extensively in various countries by several investigators. The objective of this study is to assess the epidemiology and some genetic aspects of orofacial clefting at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. This study was a 7-year case series (retrospective) study from 1999 to 2006. The setting for the study was Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, and the @entity1 were all consecutive surgical cases with @entity13797 referred to this hospital. One hundred and 77 cases of @entity3384 and/or @entity2419 were recorded during these 7 years. Seventy four of them (41.8%) were female and 103(58.2%) were male (M/F Ratio=1.39). Of all @entity1 , 40 @entity1 (22.6%) had isolated CP, 45 (25.4%) had @entity3384 without @entity2419 , and 92 (52%) had @entity3384 with @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ). Their M/F ratios were 1.66, 0.6 and 1.96 respectively. Of all CL (P) probands, 41 @entity1 (29.9%) were bilaterally affected. In unilateral cases, the left side was affected nearly twice as frequently as the right side. Among the @entity1 , 23 cases (13%) had other @entity600 ; most commonly head and @entity154 and then @entity299 . Fifty-four @entity1 (30.5%) had consanguine parents; 33 (18.6%) were first cousins, 7 (4%) were second cousins, and 14 (7.9%) were distant relatives. There was a positive family history for @entity2419 in 23 cases; most commonly CL-P. Our study reveals that the epidemiologic aspects of oral clefts in Iran are very similar to other Caucasian populations. It also suggests that a routine screening such as echocardiography and ruling out skeletal, hearing and @entity227 may be necessary in cleft @entity1 especially in @entity1 . It seems that genetic counseling and karyotyping can be very useful in @entity1 with multiple @entity600 .

title: Epidemiological aspects of XXXX in Iran.

entities_list: @entity13797 :: ('MESH:C566121', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial clefts', 'Orofacial clefts']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['face abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual problems']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'cleft syndrome', 'CL+P']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies in the systemic @entity627 are clinically useful biomarkers of the diagnosis or of certain clinical characteristics. An unusual pattern of immunoprecipitation, in which the D, E, F, and G proteins of small nuclear RNPs ( @entity12922 ) but without other components of the @entity12922 , was noticed at the autoantibody screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the target antigens and clinical manifestations associated with this specificity. METHODS: Autoantibodies in sera from 1,966 American @entity1 (including 434 with @entity1252 , 121 with @entity2631 , 86 with @entity6558 / @entity6017 [PM/DM]) and 248 Italian @entity1 with @entity792 were screened by immunoprecipitation of (35) @entity4508 -labeled cell extracts. Sera with which D, E, F, and G proteins of @entity12922 was immunoprecipitated, but without the other @entity12922 proteins, were further examined by analysis of RNA components by immunoprecipitation ( @entity575 staining), Western blotting using survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Three sera that immunoprecipitated D, E, F, and G proteins without other components (U1-70K, A, B'/B, C) of the @entity12922 were found. Four additional proteins (130 kd, 120 kd, 38 kd, and 33 kd) were also commonly immunoprecipitated. The target antigen was identified as SMN complex ( @entity29203 , @entity58556 , SMN, and @entity65219 , respectively), which plays a critical role in the assembly of @entity12922 . In immunofluorescence analyses, all 3 sera showed nuclear dots (Cajal bodies) and cytoplasmic staining. Only 1 serum was weakly positive on Western blotting of SMN, suggesting that these sera mainly recognize native molecule or quaternary structure. All 3 @entity1 were white @entity1 with PM, an interesting finding, since deletion or mutation of SMN is known to cause @entity2057 . CONCLUSION: SMN complex was identified as a new Cajal body autoantigen recognized by sera from white @entity1 with PM. The biologic and clinical significance of anti-SMN autoantibodies will need to be clarified.

title: Autoantibodies to survival of motor neuron complex in @entity1 with XXXX : immunoprecipitation of D, E, F, and G proteins without other components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity4508 :: ('CHEBI:16643', 'Chemical') :: ['S-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity6558 :: (MESH:D017285,Disease) :: ['polymyositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autoantibodies in the systemic @entity627 are clinically useful biomarkers of the diagnosis or of certain clinical characteristics. An unusual pattern of immunoprecipitation, in which the D, E, F, and G proteins of small nuclear RNPs ( @entity12922 ) but without other components of the @entity12922 , was noticed at the autoantibody screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the target antigens and clinical manifestations associated with this specificity. METHODS: Autoantibodies in sera from 1,966 American @entity1 (including 434 with @entity1252 , 121 with @entity2631 , 86 with @entity6558 / @entity6017 [PM/DM]) and 248 Italian @entity1 with @entity792 were screened by immunoprecipitation of (35) @entity4508 -labeled cell extracts. Sera with which D, E, F, and G proteins of @entity12922 was immunoprecipitated, but without the other @entity12922 proteins, were further examined by analysis of RNA components by immunoprecipitation ( @entity575 staining), Western blotting using survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Three sera that immunoprecipitated D, E, F, and G proteins without other components (U1-70K, A, B'/B, C) of the @entity12922 were found. Four additional proteins (130 kd, 120 kd, 38 kd, and 33 kd) were also commonly immunoprecipitated. The target antigen was identified as SMN complex ( @entity29203 , @entity58556 , SMN, and @entity65219 , respectively), which plays a critical role in the assembly of @entity12922 . In immunofluorescence analyses, all 3 sera showed nuclear dots (Cajal bodies) and cytoplasmic staining. Only 1 serum was weakly positive on Western blotting of SMN, suggesting that these sera mainly recognize native molecule or quaternary structure. All 3 @entity1 were white @entity1 with PM, an interesting finding, since deletion or mutation of SMN is known to cause @entity2057 . CONCLUSION: SMN complex was identified as a new Cajal body autoantigen recognized by sera from white @entity1 with PM. The biologic and clinical significance of anti-SMN autoantibodies will need to be clarified.

title: Autoantibodies to survival of motor neuron complex in XXXX with @entity6558 : immunoprecipitation of D, E, F, and G proteins without other components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The mutations of survival motor neuron (SMN) gene result in @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ), a common @entity179 . Some of the motor neurons undergoing cell death is the predominant characteristic in @entity2057 pathology. However, the viability and sensitivity to stresses of other cell types also need to be determined. In this article, we established HeLa stable cell line with inducible SMN knockdown to study its viability and sensitivity to oxidative stress. SMN knockdown in the HeLa stable cell line was induced by @entity3403 . The proliferative and survival rates of SMN knockdown cells with or without @entity273 ( @entity274 ) treatment were determined. Our results showed that the proliferative rate of SMN knockdown cells decreased only slightly compared with that of the cells without @entity3403 treatment. In contrast, after @entity274 reached certain concentrations, the survival rate of SMN knockdown cells decreased significantly. Our data indicate that SMN knockdown alone is not critical to cell viability. However, when SMN knockdown cells are under stress, such as oxidative stress, their survival rate may significantly decrease. Our results will be helpful to prevent the detrimental effect caused by the cell death of non-motor neurons under stress in @entity2057 @entity1 . In addition, the cell model we established can be used to study the mechanism and screen drugs to prevent the detrimental effects in cases of @entity2057 .

title: XXXX decreases the survival rate of HeLa cells with stable knockdown of survival motor neuron protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA disease', 'SMA']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The bioartificial renal tubule device is a cell therapy system for @entity177 . The major obstacle in the development of the bioartificial renal tubule device is the obtainment of a large number of viable renal tubule cells to seed on the inner surface of hollow fibers. Although our previous studies had used a transformed cell line, they may be dangerous for clinical uses. Therefore, different approaches to amplify renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) in culture without oncogenes, vectors and carcinogens have been required. METHODS: The limitation of the replicative lifespan of @entity1 RPTEC, which is    12 population doublings (PDs), was extended by invalidating messenger RNA of cell cycle-related genes with antisense oligonucleotide or small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS: Periodic transfection of siRNA to a @entity5 suppressor @entity876 or a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity986 ( @entity986 ) extended the lifespan by 33 and 63 PDs, respectively, in 3 months of culture. The siRNA-mediated lifespan extension was controllable because cell division ceased within 2 weeks after the transfection was discontinued. Expressions of y-glutamyltransferase 1 and @entity413 transporter 1 were recovered in siRNA-transfected RPTEC cultured on porous membranes. Bioartificial renal tubule devices (0.8 m(2)) constructed with these cells showed reabsorption of water (122.3    4.2 mL/30 min), @entity1372 (18.1    0.7 mEq/30 min) and @entity413 (121.7    4.4 mg/30 min) after 1 week of circulation. Furthermore, @entity6393 and @entity23032 were metabolized by RPTEC in mini-devices (65 cm(2)) within 48 h of circulation. CONCLUSIONS: These approaches enabled us to yield a high enough number of RPTEC for construction of bioartificial renal tubule devices repeatedly. Lifespan-extended RPTEC could recover their specific characteristics by culturing on porous membranes, and bioartificial renal tubule devices constructed with these cells showed good performances of reabsorption and metabolism. SUMMARY: A large number of @entity1 renal tubular cells required for construction of the bioartificial renal tubule device were prepared by extending the lifespan of the primary cells by invalidating mRNA of cell cycle-related genes. Constructed bioartificial renal tubule devices with lifespan-extended cells showed good performances of in vitro examination of reabsorption and metabolism. Requiring no oncogenes, vectors or cell cloning, the RNAi-mediated lifespan extension can help advance tissue-replacement therapy as well as basic research.

title: Development of bioartificial renal tubule devices with lifespan-extended XXXX renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity23032 :: ('CHEBI:59951', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosidine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity72986 (CFAs) are synthetized in situ by the transfer of a @entity845 group from @entity3874 to a double bond of @entity5031 chains of membrane phospholipids. This conversion, catalyzed by the @entity3795 synthase enzyme, occurs in many bacteria and is recognized to play a key role in the adaptation of bacteria in response to a drastic perturbation of the environment. The role of CFAs in the acid tolerance response was investigated in the lactic acid bacterium @entity7878 MG1363. A mutant of the @entity3795 gene was constructed by allelic exchange. The @entity3795 gene encoding the @entity3795 synthase was cloned and introduced into the mutant to obtain the @entity465 for homologous system studies. Data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) validated that the mutant could not produce @entity3795 . The @entity3795 levels in both the wild-type and complemented strains increased upon their entry to stationary phase, especially with acid-adapted cells or, more surprisingly, with @entity1068 -adapted cells. The results obtained by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments showed that transcription of the @entity3795 gene was highly induced by acidity (by 10-fold with cells grown at pH 5.0) and by @entity1068 (by 9-fold with cells grown with 6% @entity1068 ) in comparison with that in stationary phase. Cell viability experiments were performed after an acidic shock on the mutant strain, the wild-type strain, and the @entity465 , as a control. The higher viability level of the acid-adapted cells of the three strains after 3 h of shock proved that the cyclopropanation of @entity1474 is not essential for @entity26135 survival under acidic conditions. Moreover, fluorescence anisotropy data showed that @entity3795 itself could not maintain the membrane fluidity level, particularly with @entity1068 -grown cells.

title: Cyclopropanation of membrane XXXX is not essential to the acid stress response of @entity7878 subsp. @entity26135 .

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity72986 :: ('MESH:C028775', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclopropane fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['L. lactis subsp. cremoris']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complemented strain']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: @entity72986 (CFAs) are synthetized in situ by the transfer of a @entity845 group from @entity3874 to a double bond of @entity5031 chains of membrane phospholipids. This conversion, catalyzed by the @entity3795 synthase enzyme, occurs in many bacteria and is recognized to play a key role in the adaptation of bacteria in response to a drastic perturbation of the environment. The role of CFAs in the acid tolerance response was investigated in the lactic acid bacterium @entity7878 MG1363. A mutant of the @entity3795 gene was constructed by allelic exchange. The @entity3795 gene encoding the @entity3795 synthase was cloned and introduced into the mutant to obtain the @entity465 for homologous system studies. Data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) validated that the mutant could not produce @entity3795 . The @entity3795 levels in both the wild-type and complemented strains increased upon their entry to stationary phase, especially with acid-adapted cells or, more surprisingly, with @entity1068 -adapted cells. The results obtained by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments showed that transcription of the @entity3795 gene was highly induced by acidity (by 10-fold with cells grown at pH 5.0) and by @entity1068 (by 9-fold with cells grown with 6% @entity1068 ) in comparison with that in stationary phase. Cell viability experiments were performed after an acidic shock on the mutant strain, the wild-type strain, and the @entity465 , as a control. The higher viability level of the acid-adapted cells of the three strains after 3 h of shock proved that the cyclopropanation of @entity1474 is not essential for @entity26135 survival under acidic conditions. Moreover, fluorescence anisotropy data showed that @entity3795 itself could not maintain the membrane fluidity level, particularly with @entity1068 -grown cells.

title: Cyclopropanation of membrane @entity1474 is not essential to the acid stress response of XXXX subsp. @entity26135 .

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']