abstract: BACKGROUND: The evaluation of the interaction of @entity1 , venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) with body foreign materials on the cellular level cannot be performed in vivo, but is investigated in vitro under standard culture conditions. To maintain the vitality, proliferation and morphology of HUVEC seeded on body foreign substrates over days, the cell culture medium is usually exchanged every second day. It is well known, that alterations in the microenvironment of cells bear the risk of influencing cell morphology and function. In the current study the influence of cell culture medium exchange on HUVEC cytoskeletal microfilament structure and function was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: HUVEC in the third passage were seeded on extracellular matrix (ECM) - which was secreted from @entity291 corneal endothelial cells on glass- until functional confluence was reached. The experiment started 11 days after HUVEC seeding with an exchange of the cell culture medium followed by a staining of the actin microfilaments with @entity6286 -rhodamin 1.5 and 5 minutes after medium exchange. The microfilaments were documented by use of an Olympus microscope (IMT-2) equipped with a UV lamp and online connected to a TV chain (Sony XC 50 ST/monochrome) implying an OPTIMAS - Image analysis system. @entity4770 was analysed in the cell culture supernatant. RESULTS: 1.5min after culture medium exchange in the functionally confluent cultures a slight disturbance of the actin microfilament structure with a broadening of the marginal filament band, a partial disconnection of cell-cell contacts and the appearance of intercellular fenestrations were observed. 5 minutes after medium exchange a redevelopment of the slightly disturbed microfilament structure with a condensation and narrowing of the marginal filament band was seen. 12h later a further consolidation of the microfilament structure occurred. In addition, a perturbation of the cultured HUVEC occurred after cell culture medium exchange. The @entity4770 concentration in the supernatant increased significantly after 1.5min to 466    543 pg  mL-1 (p< 0.001) and after 5min to 408    458 pg  mL-1 (p< 0.001), while in control cells the @entity4770 concentration did not change remaining in the range of 50    48.9 pg  mL-1. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the exchange of the cell culture medium led to a rapid disturbance of the HUVEC with stress fiber formation, disconnection of cell-cell contacts and an altered @entity4770 secretion, which had regressed nearly completely after 12 hours. Therefore, the evaluation of HUVEC on body foreign materials should be performed not earlier than 12 hours after cell culture medium exchange to avoid a misinterpretation of the endothelial cell morphological state. This procedure minimizes the risk of a misinterpretation of the endothelial cell morphology - caused by the culture medium exchange and not by the interaction between biomaterials and HUVEC.

title: Morphology of primary XXXX venous endothelial cell cultures before and after culture medium exchange.

entities_list: @entity6286 :: ('MESH:D010590', 'Chemical') :: ['phalloidin']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a @entity35 model of post-traumatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) created by anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT  +  pMMx). In this model, mild to moderate structural changes that are typical of knee @entity571 have been observed within 2 and 8  weeks post-surgery. We aimed to determine whether @entity158 can distinguish between an ACLT  +  pMMx and a sham surgery group. DESIGN: Three-month old male @entity35 underwent ACLT  +  pMMx on their right hindlimb within two groups of n  =  6 each, and sham surgery within two groups of n  =  5 each. Assessments evaluated percent ipsilateral weight-bearing for static weight-bearing and 18 different variables of exploratory motor behaviour at multiple time points between 1 and 8  weeks post-surgery. Histology was performed on the right hindlimbs at 4 and 8  weeks post-surgery. RESULTS: Histology confirmed mild to moderate knee @entity571 changes in the ACLT  +  pMMx group and the absence of knee @entity571 changes in the sham group. Compared to the sham group, the ACLT  +  pMMx group had significantly lower percent ipsilateral weight-bearing from 1 through 8  weeks post-surgery. Compared to the sham group, the ACLT  +  pMMx group had significantly lower vertical activity (episode count, time, and count) values. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ipsilateral weight-bearing deficit and vertical activity limitations resulted from the presence of knee @entity571 -like changes in this model. When using the ACLT  +  pMMx-induced @entity35 model of knee @entity571 , percent ipsilateral weight-bearing and vertical activity distinguished between @entity35 with and without knee @entity571 changes. These variables may be useful outcome measures in preclinical research performed with this experimental post-traumatic knee @entity571 model.

title: Weight-bearing asymmetry and vertical activity differences in a @entity35 model of post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related behaviours']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a @entity35 model of post-traumatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ) created by anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT  +  pMMx). In this model, mild to moderate structural changes that are typical of knee @entity571 have been observed within 2 and 8  weeks post-surgery. We aimed to determine whether @entity158 can distinguish between an ACLT  +  pMMx and a sham surgery group. DESIGN: Three-month old male @entity35 underwent ACLT  +  pMMx on their right hindlimb within two groups of n  =  6 each, and sham surgery within two groups of n  =  5 each. Assessments evaluated percent ipsilateral weight-bearing for static weight-bearing and 18 different variables of exploratory motor behaviour at multiple time points between 1 and 8  weeks post-surgery. Histology was performed on the right hindlimbs at 4 and 8  weeks post-surgery. RESULTS: Histology confirmed mild to moderate knee @entity571 changes in the ACLT  +  pMMx group and the absence of knee @entity571 changes in the sham group. Compared to the sham group, the ACLT  +  pMMx group had significantly lower percent ipsilateral weight-bearing from 1 through 8  weeks post-surgery. Compared to the sham group, the ACLT  +  pMMx group had significantly lower vertical activity (episode count, time, and count) values. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ipsilateral weight-bearing deficit and vertical activity limitations resulted from the presence of knee @entity571 -like changes in this model. When using the ACLT  +  pMMx-induced @entity35 model of knee @entity571 , percent ipsilateral weight-bearing and vertical activity distinguished between @entity35 with and without knee @entity571 changes. These variables may be useful outcome measures in preclinical research performed with this experimental post-traumatic knee @entity571 model.

title: Weight-bearing asymmetry and vertical activity differences in a XXXX model of post-traumatic @entity626 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity131 is a common and serious @entity14827 that lacks a pharmaceutical intervention to improve long-term outcome. @entity3072 is implicated in some of the consequences of @entity131 and is a potential pharmacological target. Protein phosphatase 2A is a heterotrimeric protein that regulates key signalling pathways, and protein phosphatase 2A heterotrimers consisting of the PR55 B-subunit represent the major tau phosphatase in the brain. Here we investigated whether @entity131 in @entity35 and @entity1 would induce changes in protein phosphatase 2A and phosphorylated tau, and whether treatment with @entity28980 -a potent PR55 activator-would reduce phosphorylated tau and improve @entity131 outcomes in @entity35 . Ninety young adult male Long-Evans @entity35 were administered either a fluid percussion injury or sham-injury. A proportion of @entity35 were killed at 2, 24, and 72 h post-injury to assess acute changes in protein phosphatase 2A and tau. Other @entity35 were given either @entity28980 or saline-vehicle treatment that was continuously administered via subcutaneous osmotic pump for 12 weeks. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was acquired prior to, and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury to assess evolving structural @entity75 and @entity21 . Behavioural impairments were assessed at 12 weeks post-injury. The results showed that @entity131 in @entity35 acutely reduced PR55 expression and protein phosphatase 2A activity, and increased the expression of phosphorylated tau and the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau. Similar findings were seen in post-mortem brain samples from acute @entity1 @entity131 @entity1 , although many did not reach statistical significance. Continuous @entity28980 treatment for 12 weeks after sham or fluid percussion injury in @entity35 increased protein phosphatase 2A activity and PR55 expression, and reduced the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau, attenuated @entity75 , and improved behavioural outcomes in @entity35 given a fluid percussion injury. Notably, total tau levels were decreased in @entity35 12 weeks after fluid percussion injury, and several other factors, including the use of anaesthetic, the length of recovery time, and that some @entity1545 and behavioural dysfunction still occurred in @entity35 treated with @entity28980 must be considered in the interpretation of this study. However, taken together these data suggest protein phosphatase 2A and hyperphosphorylated tau may be involved in the neurodegenerative cascade of @entity131 , and support the potential use of @entity28980 as a novel @entity131 therapy.

title: @entity28980 reduces hyperphosphorylated tau and improves outcomes after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphorylated tau']

entities_list: @entity28980 :: ('MESH:C021747', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium selenate']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative condition']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity131 is a common and serious @entity14827 that lacks a pharmaceutical intervention to improve long-term outcome. @entity3072 is implicated in some of the consequences of @entity131 and is a potential pharmacological target. Protein phosphatase 2A is a heterotrimeric protein that regulates key signalling pathways, and protein phosphatase 2A heterotrimers consisting of the PR55 B-subunit represent the major tau phosphatase in the brain. Here we investigated whether @entity131 in @entity35 and @entity1 would induce changes in protein phosphatase 2A and phosphorylated tau, and whether treatment with @entity28980 -a potent PR55 activator-would reduce phosphorylated tau and improve @entity131 outcomes in @entity35 . Ninety young adult male Long-Evans @entity35 were administered either a fluid percussion injury or sham-injury. A proportion of @entity35 were killed at 2, 24, and 72 h post-injury to assess acute changes in protein phosphatase 2A and tau. Other @entity35 were given either @entity28980 or saline-vehicle treatment that was continuously administered via subcutaneous osmotic pump for 12 weeks. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was acquired prior to, and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury to assess evolving structural @entity75 and @entity21 . Behavioural impairments were assessed at 12 weeks post-injury. The results showed that @entity131 in @entity35 acutely reduced PR55 expression and protein phosphatase 2A activity, and increased the expression of phosphorylated tau and the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau. Similar findings were seen in post-mortem brain samples from acute @entity1 @entity131 @entity1 , although many did not reach statistical significance. Continuous @entity28980 treatment for 12 weeks after sham or fluid percussion injury in @entity35 increased protein phosphatase 2A activity and PR55 expression, and reduced the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau, attenuated @entity75 , and improved behavioural outcomes in @entity35 given a fluid percussion injury. Notably, total tau levels were decreased in @entity35 12 weeks after fluid percussion injury, and several other factors, including the use of anaesthetic, the length of recovery time, and that some @entity1545 and behavioural dysfunction still occurred in @entity35 treated with @entity28980 must be considered in the interpretation of this study. However, taken together these data suggest protein phosphatase 2A and hyperphosphorylated tau may be involved in the neurodegenerative cascade of @entity131 , and support the potential use of @entity28980 as a novel @entity131 therapy.

title: XXXX reduces hyperphosphorylated tau and improves outcomes after @entity131 .

answer: @entity28980 :: (MESH:C021747,Chemical) :: ['Sodium selenate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus ( @entity14243 -DBS) is an efficient and safe treatment for medically refractory @entity3519 . However, recent studies reported gait problems, falls and @entity2845 in @entity1 after the DBS procedure. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of @entity14243 -DBS on postural performance in @entity1 with @entity6389 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with focal @entity3519 and @entity14243 -DBS participated in the study. We performed two postural tests (pull test and push and release test) in on- and off-stimulation conditions and recorded the movements of the @entity1 with inertial sensors. RESULTS: Under stimulation @entity1 exhibited a higher number of steps (p=0.015), reduced first step length (p=0.011) and lower stepping velocity (p=0.001), compared to off stimulation. We observed a higher number of steps in the push and release test compared to the pull test (p=0.038). The interaction between stimulation condition and test type was significant (p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The velocity and amplitude of postural reactions are compromised by @entity14243 -DBS in @entity1 with @entity6389 . SIGNIFICANCE: This information corresponds to @entity1 's reports of falls and postural instability after @entity14243 -DBS. Pre-operatively, @entity1 should be informed about the possibility of the occurrence of such phenomena.

title: Postural stability under globus pallidus internus stimulation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia', '/segmental dystonia']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity14 are less likely than unaffected controls to have had one or more endoscopic procedures (flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or polypectomy) before being diagnosed with @entity5 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Hospitals of the Department of Veterans Affairs. @entity1 : 8722 and 7629 case- @entity1 with @entity694 , respectively, and age-, sex-, race-matched controls who were discharged at the same time as the corresponding case- @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Number and type of endoscopic procedures of the large bowel done from 1981 until the development of @entity14 in each case- @entity1 . The influence of endoscopic procedures on the development of @entity14 was tested by conditional multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity14 were less likely to have had an endoscopic procedure of the large bowel before being diagnosed with @entity5 (odds ratio for @entity694 , 0.51 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.58]; odds ratio for @entity5 , 0.55 [CI, 0.47 to 0.64]). In @entity1 who had flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and polypectomy, the odds ratios were even smaller. When analyzed by separate 1-year intervals, @entity1 with @entity5 had significantly fewer procedures during periods of up to 6 years before their onset of their @entity5 . Similarly, fewer inpatient and outpatient procedures were done in @entity1 than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic procedures of the large bowel reduce the risk for developing @entity694 by 50%, their protective influence lasting 6 years.

title: Prevention of XXXX by flexible endoscopy and polypectomy. A case-control study of 32,702 veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The relationship between @entity9667 genetic polymorphisms and essential @entity101 (EH) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of @entity9667 genetic polymorphisms with EH in Han and Uighur populations in China. A Han population including 558 @entity1 (270 EH @entity1 and 288 controls) and a Uighur population including 473 @entity1 (181 EH @entity1 and 292 controls) were selected. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ( @entity71597 , @entity71598 , @entity71599 , @entity71600 , and @entity71601 ) were genotyped using real-time PCR (TaqMan). In the Uighur population, for the total and the @entity1 , @entity71597 , @entity71599 and @entity71600 were found to be associated with EH ( @entity71597 : P <=0.02, @entity71599 : P <=0.002, @entity71600 : P <=0.004, respectively). The difference remained statistically significant after the multivariate adjustment (all P<0.05). The overall distributions of the haplotypes established by @entity8107 -SNP3, @entity8107 -SNP4, @entity8107 -SNP3-SNP5 and @entity8107 -SNP4-SNP5 were significantly different between the EH @entity1 and the control subjects (for the total: P=0.013, P=0.008, P=0.032, P=0.010, for @entity1 : P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.010, P=0.00). In the Han population, for @entity1 , @entity71601 was found to be associated with EH in a recessive model (P=0.007); the significant difference was not retained after the adjustment for the covariates (date not shown). The A allele of @entity71597 could be a susceptible genetic marker, and the T allele of @entity71600 could be a protective genetic marker of EH. The AC genotype of @entity71597 , the AG genotype of @entity71599 and the TT genotype of @entity71600 could be protective genetic markers of EH.

title: Relationship between XXXX Genetic Polymorphism and Essential @entity101 in a Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity9667 :: (1586,Gene) :: ['CYP17A1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The relationship between @entity9667 genetic polymorphisms and essential @entity101 (EH) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of @entity9667 genetic polymorphisms with EH in Han and Uighur populations in China. A Han population including 558 @entity1 (270 EH @entity1 and 288 controls) and a Uighur population including 473 @entity1 (181 EH @entity1 and 292 controls) were selected. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ( @entity71597 , @entity71598 , @entity71599 , @entity71600 , and @entity71601 ) were genotyped using real-time PCR (TaqMan). In the Uighur population, for the total and the @entity1 , @entity71597 , @entity71599 and @entity71600 were found to be associated with EH ( @entity71597 : P <=0.02, @entity71599 : P <=0.002, @entity71600 : P <=0.004, respectively). The difference remained statistically significant after the multivariate adjustment (all P<0.05). The overall distributions of the haplotypes established by @entity8107 -SNP3, @entity8107 -SNP4, @entity8107 -SNP3-SNP5 and @entity8107 -SNP4-SNP5 were significantly different between the EH @entity1 and the control subjects (for the total: P=0.013, P=0.008, P=0.032, P=0.010, for @entity1 : P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.010, P=0.00). In the Han population, for @entity1 , @entity71601 was found to be associated with EH in a recessive model (P=0.007); the significant difference was not retained after the adjustment for the covariates (date not shown). The A allele of @entity71597 could be a susceptible genetic marker, and the T allele of @entity71600 could be a protective genetic marker of EH. The AC genotype of @entity71597 , the AG genotype of @entity71599 and the TT genotype of @entity71600 could be protective genetic markers of EH.

title: Relationship between @entity9667 Genetic Polymorphism and Essential XXXX in a Chinese Population.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 6-month, 1- and 2-year endothelial cell loss (ECL), @entity260 in a large series of @entity1 undergoing either Descemets stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) or a combined phacoemulsification and DSEK in a UK centre. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 undergoing DSEK with or without concurrent @entity231 surgery were included in this retrospective study. Surgeries were performed between January 2006 and May 2013. Main outcomes included @entity260 and percentage ECL. RESULTS: DSEK was performed in 226 eyes (210 @entity1 ). Of these, 141 eyes (126 @entity1 ) underwent DSEK alone and 85 eyes (84 @entity1 ) underwent DSEK combined with @entity231 surgery. Excluding complex anterior segment pathology the mean percentage ECL at 6, 12 and 24 months was 40.5  13.4, 45.1  14.6 and 53.1  13.0 in the DSEK group and 40.7  15.4, 42.6  15.3 and 49.6  16.5 in @entity1 undergoing the combined procedure, respectively. There was no significant difference in percentage ECL at 6 or 24 months between the two groups both in complex and routine cases. @entity3816 occurred in four @entity1 undergoing DSEK and three undergoing combined procedure. @entity260 rates did not reach statistical significance between the groups. CONCLUSION: Mean ECL and complication rates were comparable at 6, 12 and 24 months in routine cases undergoing concurrent DSEK with @entity231 surgery and those undergoing DSEK. These data support the combined procedure in @entity1 requiring both @entity231 surgery and endothelial keratoplasty. Further collaboration to report endothelial cell counts from other UK centres should be encouraged.

title: Endothelial cell loss and complication rates with combined Descemets stripping endothelial keratoplasty and XXXX surgery in a UK centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication', 'intra- and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) has been found to be closely associated with many types of @entity1 @entity5 and often shows strong correlations with specific @entity5 features. However, the relationship between @entity124 and @entity5 are still unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between @entity124 , @entity5 formation under the mutagenic effects of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). @entity19 were administered with either @entity7045 (90mg/kg) or PBS and @entity3733 (control) at the beginning of the 1st week of the experiment. Of the 31 @entity19 that survived the entire experimental time course, 19 (61.3%) @entity19 developed @entity6732 . In addition, 52.6% (10/19) of the @entity5 had metastasized to the liver. We detected @entity124 in @entity7045 -treated @entity19 using a panel of 42 mutation-sensitive loci. Nineteen loci (45.2%) in six organs showed 70 @entity124 events. Locus D8Mit14 showed enhanced @entity124 compared with the other examined loci. @entity124 frequency in thymus was higher than in other organs. Interestingly, there was no significant difference observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic livers. The @entity124 frequency (4.6%, 23/(42*12)) in the @entity7045 -treated thymus that had never developed @entity5 was significantly higher than this in the thymus that had developed @entity706 (0.5%, 4/(42*19)) (p<0.0001). These results indicate that, although thymic tumorigenesis is associated with @entity124 , it occurs with higher frequency in these that have not developed @entity5 upon the @entity7045 -treatment. Our study provides additional insights into the relationship between @entity124 occurrence and tumorigenesis.

title: Analysis of the relationship between microsatellite instability and XXXX induced by @entity7044 in C57BL/6J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['thymic lymphoma']


abstract: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) has been found to be closely associated with many types of @entity1 @entity5 and often shows strong correlations with specific @entity5 features. However, the relationship between @entity124 and @entity5 are still unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between @entity124 , @entity5 formation under the mutagenic effects of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). @entity19 were administered with either @entity7045 (90mg/kg) or PBS and @entity3733 (control) at the beginning of the 1st week of the experiment. Of the 31 @entity19 that survived the entire experimental time course, 19 (61.3%) @entity19 developed @entity6732 . In addition, 52.6% (10/19) of the @entity5 had metastasized to the liver. We detected @entity124 in @entity7045 -treated @entity19 using a panel of 42 mutation-sensitive loci. Nineteen loci (45.2%) in six organs showed 70 @entity124 events. Locus D8Mit14 showed enhanced @entity124 compared with the other examined loci. @entity124 frequency in thymus was higher than in other organs. Interestingly, there was no significant difference observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic livers. The @entity124 frequency (4.6%, 23/(42*12)) in the @entity7045 -treated thymus that had never developed @entity5 was significantly higher than this in the thymus that had developed @entity706 (0.5%, 4/(42*19)) (p<0.0001). These results indicate that, although thymic tumorigenesis is associated with @entity124 , it occurs with higher frequency in these that have not developed @entity5 upon the @entity7045 -treatment. Our study provides additional insights into the relationship between @entity124 occurrence and tumorigenesis.

title: Analysis of the relationship between microsatellite instability and @entity6732 induced by XXXX in C57BL/6J @entity19 .

answer: @entity7044 :: (MESH:D008770,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']


abstract: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) has been found to be closely associated with many types of @entity1 @entity5 and often shows strong correlations with specific @entity5 features. However, the relationship between @entity124 and @entity5 are still unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between @entity124 , @entity5 formation under the mutagenic effects of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). @entity19 were administered with either @entity7045 (90mg/kg) or PBS and @entity3733 (control) at the beginning of the 1st week of the experiment. Of the 31 @entity19 that survived the entire experimental time course, 19 (61.3%) @entity19 developed @entity6732 . In addition, 52.6% (10/19) of the @entity5 had metastasized to the liver. We detected @entity124 in @entity7045 -treated @entity19 using a panel of 42 mutation-sensitive loci. Nineteen loci (45.2%) in six organs showed 70 @entity124 events. Locus D8Mit14 showed enhanced @entity124 compared with the other examined loci. @entity124 frequency in thymus was higher than in other organs. Interestingly, there was no significant difference observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic livers. The @entity124 frequency (4.6%, 23/(42*12)) in the @entity7045 -treated thymus that had never developed @entity5 was significantly higher than this in the thymus that had developed @entity706 (0.5%, 4/(42*19)) (p<0.0001). These results indicate that, although thymic tumorigenesis is associated with @entity124 , it occurs with higher frequency in these that have not developed @entity5 upon the @entity7045 -treatment. Our study provides additional insights into the relationship between @entity124 occurrence and tumorigenesis.

title: Analysis of the relationship between microsatellite instability and @entity6732 induced by @entity7044 in C57BL/6J XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of circulating @entity3800 on neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The effects of conditioned stress were studied in male @entity35 that were intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized and treated with @entity586 ( @entity587 ). Intact animals received sham surgeries. Animals were stressed 3 wk after surgery. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to conditioned stress was significantly potentiated (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized @entity587 -treated animals. In stressed @entity35 , plasma @entity2819 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in gonadectomized animals compared with @entity587 -treated castrates. The prolactin response to stress was decreased (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized @entity587 -treated @entity35 . The stress-induced increases in plasma @entity3449 activity and concentration were not altered in gonadectomized or in gonadectomized @entity587 -treated animals. Nonstressed @entity587 -treated castrates exhibited more "fearlike" behavior compared with nonstressed sham-operated and gonadectomized animals. However, conditioned stress produced the same behavioral effects in all treatment groups. The results demonstrate that the ACTH/ @entity2819 , prolactin, and behavioral responses to a psychological stressor are differentially regulated by circulating @entity3800 .

title: Castration attenuates prolactin response but potentiates ACTH response to conditioned stress in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blastic plasmacytoid @entity1544 (BPDCN) is a rare @entity1583 that was once believed to be derived from natural killer cells and is now recognized as originating from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. It generally involves the skin and has an aggressive clinical course. Due to its highly malignant behavior, a fast and accurate diagnosis of this condition is of the utmost importance. METHODS: Six cytology specimens from 5 @entity1 diagnosed with BPDCN were reviewed as well as their clinical records. Findings were compared with 3 previously published cases. RESULTS: Two exfoliative cytology specimens (cerebrospinal fluid) and 4 fine-needle aspiration specimens (3 lymph node specimens and 1 cutaneous specimen) were reviewed. The cytomorphological aspects were similar in all cases. The smears were hypercellular with a monotonous population of intermediate-sized cells, dispersed singly or arranged in loose aggregates. The cells had round to oval nuclei, with fine chromatin and prominent nucleoli; the cytoplasm was generally scant, without visible granules. Intracytoplasmic microvacuoles were found in the majority of cases. Four cases were also characterized by flow cytometry, which revealed expression of @entity9988 , @entity2940 and/or @entity404 . Fine-needle aspiration was used in 1 case for primary diagnosis. Histological confirmation was available in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: BPDCN is a highly malignant @entity5 with a poor outcome. Cytology, in association with flow cytometry immunophenotyping and clinical history, is a reliable method with which to establish the diagnosis. @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Cytomorphological features of XXXX on FNA and cerebrospinal fluid cytology: A review of 6 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic tumor']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm']


abstract: Atraumatic @entity9440 is an uncommon complication of @entity656 . This report describes the case of a 30-year-old @entity1 with @entity656 and @entity715 complicated by @entity9440 . The @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with @entity158 in the upper abdomen that had been present for six hours and was associated with @entity391 and sweating. He was diagnosed with @entity656 of alcoholic etiology. Upon computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, the @entity788 was scored as Balthazar C grade, and a suspicious area of @entity39 affecting 30% of the pancreas with @entity715 was revealed. Seventy-two hours after admission, the @entity1 had significant improvement in symptoms. However, he showed clinical worsening on the sixth day of hospitalization, with increasing abdominal distension and reduced hemoglobin levels. A CT angiography showed a large amount of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, along with a large splenic @entity1410 and contrast extravasation along the spleen artery. The @entity1 subsequently underwent laparotomy, which showed hemoperitoneum due to @entity9440 . A splenectomy was then performed, followed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage.

title: Acute XXXX complicated with @entity9440 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the splenic parenchyma', 'splenic rupture']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Atraumatic @entity9440 is an uncommon complication of @entity656 . This report describes the case of a 30-year-old @entity1 with @entity656 and @entity715 complicated by @entity9440 . The @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with @entity158 in the upper abdomen that had been present for six hours and was associated with @entity391 and sweating. He was diagnosed with @entity656 of alcoholic etiology. Upon computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, the @entity788 was scored as Balthazar C grade, and a suspicious area of @entity39 affecting 30% of the pancreas with @entity715 was revealed. Seventy-two hours after admission, the @entity1 had significant improvement in symptoms. However, he showed clinical worsening on the sixth day of hospitalization, with increasing abdominal distension and reduced hemoglobin levels. A CT angiography showed a large amount of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, along with a large splenic @entity1410 and contrast extravasation along the spleen artery. The @entity1 subsequently underwent laparotomy, which showed hemoperitoneum due to @entity9440 . A splenectomy was then performed, followed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage.

title: Acute @entity788 complicated with XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['splenic rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to investigate socioeconomic disparities in cervical @entity5 screening utilization among and between ethnic groups in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: Data on 26,338 @entity1 aged 21 to 64 years were obtained from the 2007 to 2011 years of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Data on cervical @entity5 screening utilization in the preceding 12 months and 3 years, and a range of sociodemographic characteristics were included. Analyses were undertaken for all @entity1 and across racial/ethnic grouping (ie, white, black, Hispanic, and other). Concentration indices were used to measure the socioeconomic gradient across ethnic groups. Probit regression analyses were used to examine variations in utilization related to socioeconomic factors across ethnic groups controlling for a range of pertinent characteristics. RESULTS: Annual utilization rates are high in the United States (60.15%) and greatest among black @entity1 (66.25%). Disparities, as measured by concentration indices (CIs), are large in the United States, with the largest being for white @entity1 (CI, 0.179) relative to black (CI, 0.103) and Hispanic (CI, 0.081) @entity1 . Screening differences across income, education and insurance status are also greater amongst white @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of cervical @entity5 screening is common in the United States, with large socioeconomic disparities also evident. Those from lower socioeconomic or uninsured groups who are most likely to have, and to die from, cervical @entity5 , are least likely to use preventive screening. Disparities differ across ethnic groups and are greatest amongst white @entity1 . Incorporating organized screening may serve to improve both the systems efficiency and address disparities between and within groups.

title: Socioeconomic disparities across ethnicities: an application to cervical XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rheumatoid factors (RF) and the disease-specific anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies ( @entity7134 ) coexist in the joints of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 where they probably contribute to @entity603 . We investigated the influence of IgM and IgA RF on the FcR- and complement-dependent effects of @entity7134 immune complexes ( @entity7134 -IC). When stimulated by @entity7134 -IC formed in the presence of IgM RF or IgA RF fractions purified from @entity309 serum pools, @entity6824 -generated macrophages skewed their cytokine response toward @entity32 , with increases in the @entity310 / @entity688 ratio and in @entity650 and @entity687 secretion, and decreases in the @entity1193 / @entity1356 ratio. In the IgM RF-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of macrophages, the participation of an IgM receptor was excluded, notably by showing that they did not express any established receptor for IgM. Rather, this amplification depended on the IgM RF-mediated recruitment of more IgG into the @entity7134 -IC. However, the macrophages expressed FcaRI and blocking its interaction with IgA inhibited the IgA RF-mediated amplification of @entity310 secretion induced by @entity7134 -IC, showing its major implication in the effects of RF of the IgA class. @entity558 further amplified the @entity310 response of macrophages to RF-containing @entity7134 -IC. Lastly, the presence of IgM or IgA RF increased the capacity of @entity7134 -IC to activate the complement cascade. Therefore, specifically using autoantibodies from @entity309 @entity1 , the strong FcR-mediated or complement-dependent pathogenic potential of IC including both @entity7134 and IgM or IgA RF was established. Simultaneous FcR triggering by these RF-containing @entity7134 -IC and @entity2939 ligation possibly makes a major contribution to @entity309 .

title: IgM and IgA Rheumatoid Factors Purified from XXXX Sera Boost the Fc Receptor- and Complement-Dependent Effector Functions of the Disease-Specific Anti-Citrullinated Protein Autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA synovitis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few reports exist regarding @entity439 where the initial work up was concerning for a @entity5 . To date, no published reports exist regarding a nongiant thrombosed @entity438 , where the primary workup and treatment plan was directed toward a preliminary diagnosis of @entity5 . CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a 43-year-old female who presented with a generalized @entity410 attributed to a lesion along the right superior temporal gyrus. The lesion enhanced on initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, as well as on follow-up MRI. Subsequent vascular studies and metastatic work up were negative. A craniotomy with image guidance was performed and an intraoperative diagnosis was made of a thrombosed @entity439 along a branch of the middle cerebral artery. The @entity439 was trapped and resected as there was no significant flow from the branch as seen on the prior cerebral angiogram. The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course. CONCLUSION: Completely thrombosed, nongiant @entity439 can mimic an @entity5 . Typical imaging features for @entity439 may be missed, especially if the @entity439 are small, where imaging characteristics of the intraluminal contents is more difficult to appreciate. Although imaging may be consistent with a @entity1313 , there should be suspicion for a potential underlying @entity439 .

title: A completely thrombosed, nongiant XXXX mimicking an @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic seizure']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-axial neoplasm', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'thrombosed aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few reports exist regarding @entity439 where the initial work up was concerning for a @entity5 . To date, no published reports exist regarding a nongiant thrombosed @entity438 , where the primary workup and treatment plan was directed toward a preliminary diagnosis of @entity5 . CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a 43-year-old female who presented with a generalized @entity410 attributed to a lesion along the right superior temporal gyrus. The lesion enhanced on initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, as well as on follow-up MRI. Subsequent vascular studies and metastatic work up were negative. A craniotomy with image guidance was performed and an intraoperative diagnosis was made of a thrombosed @entity439 along a branch of the middle cerebral artery. The @entity439 was trapped and resected as there was no significant flow from the branch as seen on the prior cerebral angiogram. The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course. CONCLUSION: Completely thrombosed, nongiant @entity439 can mimic an @entity5 . Typical imaging features for @entity439 may be missed, especially if the @entity439 are small, where imaging characteristics of the intraluminal contents is more difficult to appreciate. Although imaging may be consistent with a @entity1313 , there should be suspicion for a potential underlying @entity439 .

title: A completely thrombosed, nongiant @entity438 mimicking an XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['intra-axial neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic resistance is the major cause for @entity1534 eradication failure. @entity1534 @entity4581 resistance mutations were evaluated in 84 (82 phenotypically @entity4581 resistant and 2 intermediately susceptible) strains by allele-specific PCR and 3'-mismatched PCR. Many (57.1%) of these strains were @entity868 resistant. Prevalence of cagA(+), cagE(+), vacA s1a, m1, i1, and i2 strains was 76.2%, 58.0%, 82.1%, 35.7%, 50.0%, and 50.0%, respectively. @entity26121 , @entity26122 , @entity26123 , and @entity26121 + @entity26122 mutation rates were 64.3%, 23.8%, 1.2%, and 10.7%, respectively. Strains harboring the @entity26122 mutation showed 5.3-fold higher @entity4581 MIC50 than those harboring the @entity26121 mutation. The @entity26121 mutation alone was 1.7-fold more common in vacA i2 strains compared with vacA i1 strains, while the @entity26122 mutation alone was 3-fold more frequent in vacA i1 strains than vacA i2 strains and 3.1-fold more common in @entity868 -susceptible compared with @entity868 -resistant strains. Briefly, @entity4581 resistance mutations were significantly linked to vacA i allele and @entity868 susceptibility. This is the first report about associations between the @entity26121 mutation and less virulent vacA i2 strains, and between the @entity26122 mutation and more virulent vacA i1 strains. As the 2143G mutation often predicts eradication failure by @entity4581 -based regimens, the results may be linked to the better eradication of more virulent strains compared with the less virulent strains.

title: XXXX Resistance Mutations in @entity1534 in Association with Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Strains.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['Clarithromycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antibiotic resistance is the major cause for @entity1534 eradication failure. @entity1534 @entity4581 resistance mutations were evaluated in 84 (82 phenotypically @entity4581 resistant and 2 intermediately susceptible) strains by allele-specific PCR and 3'-mismatched PCR. Many (57.1%) of these strains were @entity868 resistant. Prevalence of cagA(+), cagE(+), vacA s1a, m1, i1, and i2 strains was 76.2%, 58.0%, 82.1%, 35.7%, 50.0%, and 50.0%, respectively. @entity26121 , @entity26122 , @entity26123 , and @entity26121 + @entity26122 mutation rates were 64.3%, 23.8%, 1.2%, and 10.7%, respectively. Strains harboring the @entity26122 mutation showed 5.3-fold higher @entity4581 MIC50 than those harboring the @entity26121 mutation. The @entity26121 mutation alone was 1.7-fold more common in vacA i2 strains compared with vacA i1 strains, while the @entity26122 mutation alone was 3-fold more frequent in vacA i1 strains than vacA i2 strains and 3.1-fold more common in @entity868 -susceptible compared with @entity868 -resistant strains. Briefly, @entity4581 resistance mutations were significantly linked to vacA i allele and @entity868 susceptibility. This is the first report about associations between the @entity26121 mutation and less virulent vacA i2 strains, and between the @entity26122 mutation and more virulent vacA i1 strains. As the 2143G mutation often predicts eradication failure by @entity4581 -based regimens, the results may be linked to the better eradication of more virulent strains compared with the less virulent strains.

title: @entity4581 Resistance Mutations in XXXX in Association with Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Susceptibility of the Strains.

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: @entity8162 was added to cardioplegia and studied for its efficacy in stabilizing the postischemic rhythm after aortic declamping in cardiac surgery. Fifty-six @entity1 scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were included in a randomized, double-blind study. The @entity1 were anesthetized with @entity5161 , low-dose @entity3575 , @entity3175 , and @entity6305 . In the study group (28 @entity1 ), St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution II (Plegisol) was prepared with 1 mM @entity8162 . The control group (28 @entity1 ) was given the same cardioplegia with saline. @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) occurring after declamping was treated with direct current (DC) shock (8-12-12-20 J). There were no significant differences with regard to demographic properties or anesthesiologic and surgical treatment. Two @entity1 (7%) in the @entity8162 group required DC shock for @entity2224 , compared to 28 (100%) in the control group (P < 0.001). The amount of @entity3303 (mean +/- SEM) given for resistant @entity943 was 3.6 mg +/- 3.6 in the @entity8162 group compared to 35.7 mg +/- 9.2 in the control group (P < 0.002). One @entity1 in each group required temporary pacing. The number of synchronized DC shocks for conversion of @entity955 was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). The enzyme release the first day after surgery was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). @entity8162 (1 mM) in cardioplegia stabilizes the postischemic rhythm in CABG surgery in @entity1 without any observed adverse effects.

title: XXXX is effective for minimizing @entity2224 in cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine', 'Procaine', 'Procaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity8162 :: (MESH:D011343,Chemical) :: ['Procaine']


abstract: @entity8162 was added to cardioplegia and studied for its efficacy in stabilizing the postischemic rhythm after aortic declamping in cardiac surgery. Fifty-six @entity1 scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were included in a randomized, double-blind study. The @entity1 were anesthetized with @entity5161 , low-dose @entity3575 , @entity3175 , and @entity6305 . In the study group (28 @entity1 ), St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution II (Plegisol) was prepared with 1 mM @entity8162 . The control group (28 @entity1 ) was given the same cardioplegia with saline. @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) occurring after declamping was treated with direct current (DC) shock (8-12-12-20 J). There were no significant differences with regard to demographic properties or anesthesiologic and surgical treatment. Two @entity1 (7%) in the @entity8162 group required DC shock for @entity2224 , compared to 28 (100%) in the control group (P < 0.001). The amount of @entity3303 (mean +/- SEM) given for resistant @entity943 was 3.6 mg +/- 3.6 in the @entity8162 group compared to 35.7 mg +/- 9.2 in the control group (P < 0.002). One @entity1 in each group required temporary pacing. The number of synchronized DC shocks for conversion of @entity955 was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). The enzyme release the first day after surgery was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). @entity8162 (1 mM) in cardioplegia stabilizes the postischemic rhythm in CABG surgery in @entity1 without any observed adverse effects.

title: @entity8162 is effective for minimizing XXXX in cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['postischemic ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We studied the processes of inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the @entity1251 field by examining the effects of paired-pulse stimulation on the evoked @entity12463 ( @entity12463 ) in dorsal (DH) and ventral (VH) hippocampal slices from the adult rat. The antidromic-orthodromic (A-O) and the orthodromic-orthodromic (O-O) paired-pulse stimulation protocols were used at varying inter-pulse intervals (IPI). In the DG, the A-O stimulation produced an early @entity308 of @entity12463 lasting 30-40ms which was significantly stronger in the VH compared with DH. The O-O stimulation produced a biphasic pattern of effects, in both dorsal and ventral DG, consisting of an early @entity308 of @entity12463 followed by facilitation at relatively longer intervals. In the DH but not the VH the phase of facilitation was followed by a late @entity308 of @entity12463 (>200ms). In the @entity1251 field both A-O and O-O stimulation had a biphasic effect consisting of an early phase of strong @entity308 of similar strength in DH and VH. The @entity308 was followed by a phase of facilitation which was more pronounced with O-O stimulation. The facilitation observed with the O-O stimulation was much stronger in DH than VH and in DH only it was significantly reduced by the antagonist of GABAB receptors @entity33797 . Furthermore, the facilitation was insensitive to changes in [ @entity141 ]o in both hippocampal poles. These findings suggest that the dorsal compared with ventral DG is more amenable to fast-frequency input but filters out slow-frequency inputs more reliably while the gating and amplification of the excitatory input in the @entity1251 circuitry is more prominent in DH than in VH.

title: Differences in paired-pulse inhibition and facilitation in the dentate gyrus and XXXX field between dorsal and ventral rat hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['PS', 'population spike']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atypical antipsychotic augmentation was demonstrated to be efficacious in @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) in previous meta-analyses. We investigate whether there are differences in the effect size of atypical antipsychotic augmentation in @entity308 according to the degree of treatment resistance. METHODS: A comprehensive search of four databases identified 11 randomized controlled trials. The 11 trials, which included 3 341 @entity1 , were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Atypical antipsychotic augmentation of antidepressant therapy showed superior efficacy compared to antidepressant monotherapy in @entity13217 in terms of both response and remission rates (response, risk ratio [RR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 1.53; remission, RR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.85). In addition, regarding response rates in the @entity13217 trials, atypical antipsychotic augmentation exhibited significantly different effect sizes according to the degree of treatment resistance ( @entity13217 1: RR = 1.24; @entity13217 2: RR = 1.37; @entity13217 2-4: RR = 1.58). In non- @entity13217 trials, atypical antipsychotic augmentation failed to show superior efficacy over antidepressant monotherapy in terms of remission rates (RR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.69 to 1.14). Atypical antipsychotic augmentation of antidepressant therapy exhibits greater effect size in @entity1 with a higher degree of treatment resistance. CONCLUSIONS: This finding strengthens the rationale for considering atypical antipsychotic augmentation among @entity308 @entity1 with multiple previous treatment failures in clinical practice. The efficacy of atypical antipsychotic augmentation for non- @entity13217 seems to be different from that for @entity13217 and, thus, further studies of non- @entity13217 populations are needed.

title: Can Atypical Antipsychotic Augmentation Reduce Subsequent Treatment Failure More Effectively Among Depressed XXXX with a Higher Degree of Treatment Resistance? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The authors present a case report that provides support for a relationship between @entity172 and the menstrual cycle on the 1 hand and @entity1316 on the other. The @entity1 in this case, a 35-year old @entity1 , suffered from a rapid cycling affective disorder that was severely affected by her menstrual cycle and responded positively to oral contraceptives (OCs). The @entity1 had a 24-year history of numerous manic and @entity308 episodes, the 1st of which coincided with menarche. She had noted that, 4 days before menses, she would experience symptoms of @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) and often the onset of an affective episode. Treatment with a series of psychotropic agents had not been effective in controlling the number of episodes. However, the @entity1 reported that there had been an 8-9-month period in the past when she had taken OCs and had fewer symptoms. Thus, the @entity1 was placed on Ortho-Novum as well as @entity2645 . At the 9-month follow-up, she reported there had been no further episodes of @entity308 or @entity162 . The exact mechanism behind @entity172 's psychotropic effect is unclear, although it increases the central availability of @entity1063 and induces changes in dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic receptors. @entity4545 levels covary with @entity172 levels, and @entity172 seems to affect every major neurotransmitter system. The fact that @entity172 has not consistently been shown to be effective in this regard may only signify the existence of a distinct subclass of @entity1316 closely linked to the menstrual cycle. This subclass may have some type of dysfunction within the @entity2339 that contributes to @entity1316 .

title: Antidepressant effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders', 'mood swings']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual tension syndrome', 'PMS']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity31 Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) accounts for 86% of the variance between observers in the overall assessment of endoscopic severity, but has not been correlated with outcomes. METHODS: Consecutive cases of acute severe @entity1960 (ASC) defined by Truelove and Witts (TW) criteria were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic details, number of TW criteria, prior medical therapy, UCEIS and inpatient medical therapy were recorded. Pre-specified (adverse) endpoints included rescue therapy, colectomy and readmission. RESULTS: Eighty-nine @entity1 , 48 (54%) male, mean age 38 years, all received intravenous @entity701 400mg/d (median 5 days [range 1-11]). Median follow-up was 14 months (2-33). Forty-eight (54%) were diagnosed the year prior to or at the time of admission. Thirty-six (40%) required rescue therapy (infliximab 25/36, @entity205 12/36, one receiving both). Twenty-one (24%) underwent colectomy on the index admission (9/21) or during follow-up (12/21). Median UCEIS score (possible range 0-8) was 5 (3-8). UCEIS was higher in @entity1 requiring rescue therapy or colectomy (median score 6 [range 4-8] versus 5/8 [3-8], both p < 0.005). For UCEIS >= 5, 27/54 (50%) required rescue therapy, compared with 9/33 (27%) for UCEIS  <=4 (p = 0.037). When UCEIS was >= 5, 18/54 (33%) came to colectomy during follow-up, compared with 3/33 (9%) with UCEIS  <=4. Of 14 @entity1 with UCEIS 7 or 8, 11/14 needed rescue therapy and 13/14 met any adverse endpoint. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic severity is associated with a worse outcome in ASC. When the UCEIS is >= 7 on admission, almost all @entity1 will need treatment with infliximab or @entity205 beyond @entity230 . This may mark a threshold for an early decision to use infliximab or @entity205 .

title: Association Between the @entity31 Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Outcomes in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Severe Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity31 Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) accounts for 86% of the variance between observers in the overall assessment of endoscopic severity, but has not been correlated with outcomes. METHODS: Consecutive cases of acute severe @entity1960 (ASC) defined by Truelove and Witts (TW) criteria were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic details, number of TW criteria, prior medical therapy, UCEIS and inpatient medical therapy were recorded. Pre-specified (adverse) endpoints included rescue therapy, colectomy and readmission. RESULTS: Eighty-nine @entity1 , 48 (54%) male, mean age 38 years, all received intravenous @entity701 400mg/d (median 5 days [range 1-11]). Median follow-up was 14 months (2-33). Forty-eight (54%) were diagnosed the year prior to or at the time of admission. Thirty-six (40%) required rescue therapy (infliximab 25/36, @entity205 12/36, one receiving both). Twenty-one (24%) underwent colectomy on the index admission (9/21) or during follow-up (12/21). Median UCEIS score (possible range 0-8) was 5 (3-8). UCEIS was higher in @entity1 requiring rescue therapy or colectomy (median score 6 [range 4-8] versus 5/8 [3-8], both p < 0.005). For UCEIS >= 5, 27/54 (50%) required rescue therapy, compared with 9/33 (27%) for UCEIS  <=4 (p = 0.037). When UCEIS was >= 5, 18/54 (33%) came to colectomy during follow-up, compared with 3/33 (9%) with UCEIS  <=4. Of 14 @entity1 with UCEIS 7 or 8, 11/14 needed rescue therapy and 13/14 met any adverse endpoint. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic severity is associated with a worse outcome in ASC. When the UCEIS is >= 7 on admission, almost all @entity1 will need treatment with infliximab or @entity205 beyond @entity230 . This may mark a threshold for an early decision to use infliximab or @entity205 .

title: Association Between the XXXX Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Outcomes in Acute @entity31 .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 is a known potential complication of @entity281 . Because U.S. veterans cared for at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs are older and have more @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors than the general U.S. population, veterans are at risk for @entity299 of @entity281 . We investigated biomarkers of @entity299 characteristics and associated @entity299 among veterans who received cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed @entity778 . METHODS: Laboratory-confirmed @entity683 cases among veterans cared for at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' facilities for October 2010-December 2012 were identified using electronic medical records (EMRs). Influenza confirmation was based on respiratory specimen viral culture or antigen or nucleic acid detection. Acute @entity299 (ACI) was defined as an elevated cardiac biomarker (troponin I or @entity1011 kinase isoenzyme MB) >99  % of the upper reference limit occurring  <=30  days after @entity683 specimen collection. EMRs were reviewed for demographics, @entity65 history and risk factors, and ACI-associated @entity299 . RESULTS: Among 38,197 @entity1 with @entity683 testing results, 4,469 (12  %) had a positive result; 600 of those @entity1 had cardiac biomarker testing performed  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, and 143 (24  %) had one or more elevated cardiac biomarkers. Among these 143, median age was 73  years (range 44-98 years), and 98 (69  %) were non-Hispanic white. All @entity1 had one or more @entity65 risk factors, and 98 (69  %) had a history of @entity65 . Eighty-six percent of ACI-associated events occurred within 3  days of @entity683 specimen collection date. Seventy @entity1 (49  %) had documented or probable acute @entity583 , 8 (6  %) acute @entity712 , 6 (4  %) @entity2401 , and 4 (3  %) @entity955 . Eleven (8  %) had non-cardiac explanations for elevated cardiac biomarkers, and 44 (31  %) had no documented explanation. Sixty-eight (48  %) @entity1 had received @entity683 vaccination during the related @entity683 season. CONCLUSION: Among veterans with laboratory-confirmed @entity281 and cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, approximately 25  % had evidence of ACI, the majority within 3  days. Approximately half were @entity583 . Our findings emphasize the importance of considering ACI associated with @entity281 among @entity1 at high risk, including this older population with prevalent @entity65 risk factors.

title: Acute XXXX events  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed @entity778 among U.S. veterans, 2010-2012.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac injury', 'cardiac injury', 'cardiac events', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 is a known potential complication of @entity281 . Because U.S. veterans cared for at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs are older and have more @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors than the general U.S. population, veterans are at risk for @entity299 of @entity281 . We investigated biomarkers of @entity299 characteristics and associated @entity299 among veterans who received cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed @entity778 . METHODS: Laboratory-confirmed @entity683 cases among veterans cared for at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' facilities for October 2010-December 2012 were identified using electronic medical records (EMRs). Influenza confirmation was based on respiratory specimen viral culture or antigen or nucleic acid detection. Acute @entity299 (ACI) was defined as an elevated cardiac biomarker (troponin I or @entity1011 kinase isoenzyme MB) >99  % of the upper reference limit occurring  <=30  days after @entity683 specimen collection. EMRs were reviewed for demographics, @entity65 history and risk factors, and ACI-associated @entity299 . RESULTS: Among 38,197 @entity1 with @entity683 testing results, 4,469 (12  %) had a positive result; 600 of those @entity1 had cardiac biomarker testing performed  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, and 143 (24  %) had one or more elevated cardiac biomarkers. Among these 143, median age was 73  years (range 44-98 years), and 98 (69  %) were non-Hispanic white. All @entity1 had one or more @entity65 risk factors, and 98 (69  %) had a history of @entity65 . Eighty-six percent of ACI-associated events occurred within 3  days of @entity683 specimen collection date. Seventy @entity1 (49  %) had documented or probable acute @entity583 , 8 (6  %) acute @entity712 , 6 (4  %) @entity2401 , and 4 (3  %) @entity955 . Eleven (8  %) had non-cardiac explanations for elevated cardiac biomarkers, and 44 (31  %) had no documented explanation. Sixty-eight (48  %) @entity1 had received @entity683 vaccination during the related @entity683 season. CONCLUSION: Among veterans with laboratory-confirmed @entity281 and cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, approximately 25  % had evidence of ACI, the majority within 3  days. Approximately half were @entity583 . Our findings emphasize the importance of considering ACI associated with @entity281 among @entity1 at high risk, including this older population with prevalent @entity65 risk factors.

title: Acute @entity299 events  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed XXXX among U.S. veterans, 2010-2012.

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza virus infection']


abstract: @entity9653 -associated @entity9058 (EBV-HLH) is a life-threatening complication of @entity2025 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were small non-coding RNA, and EBV could encode miRNAs that are involved in the progression of @entity281 . However, the profiles of EBV-miRNAs in EBV-HLH were unknown. Here, we aimed to profile the expression of EBV-miRNAs in @entity1 with EBV-HLH by analyzing 44 known EBV-miRNAs, encoded within the BamHI fragment H rightward open reading frame 1 (BHRF1) and the BamHI-A region rightward transcript (BART), in plasma and cellular targets by real-time quantitative PCR. The study included 15 @entity1 with EBV-HLH, 15 @entity1 with @entity4539 ( @entity4539 ), and 15 healthy controls. @entity405 (+) T cells were found to be the cellular target of @entity2025 in EBV-HLH, while @entity1075 (+) B cells were infected with EBV in @entity4539 . We also found the greater levels of several miRNAs encoded by BART in EBV-HLH, compared to those in @entity4539 and healthy controls, whereas the levels of BHRF1 miRNAs were lower than those in @entity4539 . The profile and pattern of EBV-miRNAs in EBV-HLH indicated that EBV could display type II latency in EBV-HLH. Importantly, the level of plasma @entity11216 -BART16-1 continued decreasing during the whole chemotherapy, suggesting that plasma @entity11216 -BART16-1 could be a potential biomarker for monitoring EBV-HLH progression. The pathogenesis of EBV-HLH might be attributed to the abundance of EBV-miRNAs in EBV-HLH. These findings help elucidate the roles of EBV miRNAs in EBV-HLH, enabling the understanding of the basis of this disease and providing clues for its treatment.

title: Profiling of EBV-Encoded microRNAs in EBV-Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['EBV infection']

entities_list: @entity4539 :: ('MESH:D007244', 'Disease') :: ['IM', 'infectious mononucleosis']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity748 @entity1 have marked circadian variation in disease severity, with @entity5143 far worse between midnight and 8 AM than at other times of day. In this study we sought to determine whether circadian variation in @entity565 severity is clinically relevant for purposes of emergency management. DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING: The emergency department of a large urban university hospital. @entity1 : @entity748 @entity1 16 years and older who presented with the complaint of @entity565 exacerbation. RESULTS: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), respiratory rate, and objective and subjective assessments of @entity1353 severity were determined at the time of each @entity1 's presentation to the @entity2613 and at the time of disposition decision. Time of symptom onset, duration of symptoms, response to therapy, and final disposition were recorded. Nocturnal presentation and onset were defined as arrival in the @entity2613 or onset of symptoms between midnight and 8 AM. We enrolled 188 @entity748 @entity1 in the study; 52 (28%) presented nocturnally. Comparison of @entity748 @entity1 who presented nocturnally and those who presented at other times revealed no differences in initial or final PEFR or respiratory rate, change in PEFR, subjective or objective @entity1353 , or rate of hospitalization, although nocturnal @entity1 did have a significantly shorter @entity2613 treatment time. Analysis by time of symptom onset also revealed no differences between nocturnally and nonnocturnally presenting subjects in disease severity or outcome, with the exception that those with nocturnal symptom onset had less subjective @entity1353 than other @entity748 @entity1 . Repeat analysis with different "nocturnal" time periods did not alter the results. CONCLUSION: In our study group, @entity748 @entity1 who presented nocturnally to the @entity2613 did not differ from other @entity748 @entity1 in disease severity and therefore do not appear to represent a unique population for purposes of @entity2613 management or disposition decisions.

title: Is circadian variation in XXXX severity relevant in the emergency department?

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences have indicated that there are gender differences in the prevalence of @entity209 ( @entity15 ), but the mechanism is uncertain. METHODS: A total of 711 subjects aged 35-65  years accepted health examinations both in 1992 and 2007. Since 114 subjects had @entity15 and 7 had @entity299 at baseline, they were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, 590 subjects with complete data (male: 61.5  %) were available and analysed. After the relationship between gender and incident @entity15 at follow-up was tested, these subjects were categorized into four groups according to the baseline resting heart rate(RHR) classified by genders. Trend tests of @entity15 incidences across the four groups of resting heart rate were conducted by Cochran-Armitage tend tests in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Additionally, three logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of RHR on the new onset of @entity15 by taking RHR as a continuous variable(per 4 beats/min elevation). RESULTS: Gender( @entity1 ) itself was an independent risk factor for incident @entity15 at follow-up(OR   =   2.64, 1.33-5.23, P   =   0.005). The incidences of @entity15 according to the RHR categories showed a statistical linear trend in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.018) rather than in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.194). The ORs[95  % confidence intervals(CIs)] of @entity15 for each 4  bpm elevation in RHR was 1.18(1.03-1.36)(P   =   0.020) in a univariate model, 1.20 (1.04-1.38) (P   =   0.011) adjusted for age and health related behaviors only and 1.23(1.06-1.43)(P   =   0.007) adjusted for age, health related behaviors and pre-existing components of @entity15 in the baseline in @entity1 . Otherwise, RHR did not have any significant associations with incident @entity15 in @entity1 neither in a univariate model nor in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, elevated RHR is correlated with the development of @entity15 in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 .

title: Elevated resting heart rate predisposes XXXX in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 : a 15-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences have indicated that there are gender differences in the prevalence of @entity209 ( @entity15 ), but the mechanism is uncertain. METHODS: A total of 711 subjects aged 35-65  years accepted health examinations both in 1992 and 2007. Since 114 subjects had @entity15 and 7 had @entity299 at baseline, they were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, 590 subjects with complete data (male: 61.5  %) were available and analysed. After the relationship between gender and incident @entity15 at follow-up was tested, these subjects were categorized into four groups according to the baseline resting heart rate(RHR) classified by genders. Trend tests of @entity15 incidences across the four groups of resting heart rate were conducted by Cochran-Armitage tend tests in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Additionally, three logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of RHR on the new onset of @entity15 by taking RHR as a continuous variable(per 4 beats/min elevation). RESULTS: Gender( @entity1 ) itself was an independent risk factor for incident @entity15 at follow-up(OR   =   2.64, 1.33-5.23, P   =   0.005). The incidences of @entity15 according to the RHR categories showed a statistical linear trend in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.018) rather than in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.194). The ORs[95  % confidence intervals(CIs)] of @entity15 for each 4  bpm elevation in RHR was 1.18(1.03-1.36)(P   =   0.020) in a univariate model, 1.20 (1.04-1.38) (P   =   0.011) adjusted for age and health related behaviors only and 1.23(1.06-1.43)(P   =   0.007) adjusted for age, health related behaviors and pre-existing components of @entity15 in the baseline in @entity1 . Otherwise, RHR did not have any significant associations with incident @entity15 in @entity1 neither in a univariate model nor in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, elevated RHR is correlated with the development of @entity15 in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 .

title: Elevated resting heart rate predisposes @entity209 in XXXX rather than in @entity1 : a 15-year prospective study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences have indicated that there are gender differences in the prevalence of @entity209 ( @entity15 ), but the mechanism is uncertain. METHODS: A total of 711 subjects aged 35-65  years accepted health examinations both in 1992 and 2007. Since 114 subjects had @entity15 and 7 had @entity299 at baseline, they were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, 590 subjects with complete data (male: 61.5  %) were available and analysed. After the relationship between gender and incident @entity15 at follow-up was tested, these subjects were categorized into four groups according to the baseline resting heart rate(RHR) classified by genders. Trend tests of @entity15 incidences across the four groups of resting heart rate were conducted by Cochran-Armitage tend tests in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Additionally, three logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of RHR on the new onset of @entity15 by taking RHR as a continuous variable(per 4 beats/min elevation). RESULTS: Gender( @entity1 ) itself was an independent risk factor for incident @entity15 at follow-up(OR   =   2.64, 1.33-5.23, P   =   0.005). The incidences of @entity15 according to the RHR categories showed a statistical linear trend in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.018) rather than in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.194). The ORs[95  % confidence intervals(CIs)] of @entity15 for each 4  bpm elevation in RHR was 1.18(1.03-1.36)(P   =   0.020) in a univariate model, 1.20 (1.04-1.38) (P   =   0.011) adjusted for age and health related behaviors only and 1.23(1.06-1.43)(P   =   0.007) adjusted for age, health related behaviors and pre-existing components of @entity15 in the baseline in @entity1 . Otherwise, RHR did not have any significant associations with incident @entity15 in @entity1 neither in a univariate model nor in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, elevated RHR is correlated with the development of @entity15 in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 .

title: Elevated resting heart rate predisposes @entity209 in @entity1 rather than in XXXX : a 15-year prospective study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 (PVAs) are rare, and the pathogenesis is not fully understood. The optimum management of these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity939 were identified over an 18-year period (1992-2010). A retrospective review was conducted. Clinical presentation, modality of diagnosis, surgical treatment, 30-day morbidity and mortality, and follow-up are reported. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were identified who underwent surgical management of an extrahepatic @entity939 . Operative technique using left renal vein, femoral vein panel graft, @entity736 (ePTFE) graft, and segmental @entity439 wall resected with aneurysmorrhaphy is described. Early complications occurred in 1 @entity1 with an ePTFE graft. The @entity1 returned to the operating room for @entity548 . In addition, the same @entity1 had a late graft @entity715 6 years postoperatively when the anticoagulation was discontinued for pregnancy. The remainder of the @entity1 recovered without complication, and their repairs are still patent with a mean follow-up of 78  months (17-144  months). There were no mortalities in the series. CONCLUSIONS: Operative intervention for portomesenteric @entity439 can be done safely in select @entity1 and should be considered in those with symptoms, rapid growth, mural @entity715 , or @entity439 >= 4  cm in diameter. Repair with an autogenous interposition graft affords good long-term patency. Aneurysmorrhaphy may be performed if the remaining venous wall is of good quality.

title: Operative Interventions for Extrahepatic XXXX and Long-Term Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Extrahepatic portal venous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'venous aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Portomesenteric Venous Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 are rarely witnessed by physicians, and the diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the history. Tongue biting is classically considered to favor a diagnosis of @entity302 . The usefulness of tongue biting in the differential diagnosis of @entity410 was evaluated. METHODS: A prospective study of the presence of oral lacerations in 106 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and a retrospective study of a population of 45 @entity1 with @entity1163 were performed. The relationship between tongue biting and diagnosis ( @entity302 vs nonepileptic events) was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 106 monitored @entity1 , 63 had episodes characterized by bilateral motor activity, @entity909 , or both; 34 @entity1 had @entity302 , while 29 @entity1 had exclusively nonepileptic episodes. Eight @entity1 suffered an oral laceration; all involved the side of the tongue, and all had documented @entity302 . Of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1163 , in only one was the tongue lacerated, and this was at the tip. Tongue biting had a sensitivity of 24% and a specificity of 99% for the diagnosis of generalized @entity410 . @entity5773 was 100% specific to grand @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Tongue biting, particularly if it is lateral, is highly specific to generalized @entity410 .

title: @entity5773 biting in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'mal seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral tongue biting']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['complete loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity410 are rarely witnessed by physicians, and the diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the history. Tongue biting is classically considered to favor a diagnosis of @entity302 . The usefulness of tongue biting in the differential diagnosis of @entity410 was evaluated. METHODS: A prospective study of the presence of oral lacerations in 106 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit and a retrospective study of a population of 45 @entity1 with @entity1163 were performed. The relationship between tongue biting and diagnosis ( @entity302 vs nonepileptic events) was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 106 monitored @entity1 , 63 had episodes characterized by bilateral motor activity, @entity909 , or both; 34 @entity1 had @entity302 , while 29 @entity1 had exclusively nonepileptic episodes. Eight @entity1 suffered an oral laceration; all involved the side of the tongue, and all had documented @entity302 . Of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1163 , in only one was the tongue lacerated, and this was at the tip. Tongue biting had a sensitivity of 24% and a specificity of 99% for the diagnosis of generalized @entity410 . @entity5773 was 100% specific to grand @entity410 . CONCLUSION: Tongue biting, particularly if it is lateral, is highly specific to generalized @entity410 .

title: XXXX biting in the diagnosis of @entity410 .

answer: @entity5773 :: (MESH:D014060,Disease) :: ['Value of tongue']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Upper intestinal leaks and perforations are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite the growing experience using endoscopically placed stents, the treatment of these leaks and perforations remain a challenge. Endoluminal vacuum (E-Vac) therapy is a novel treatment that has been successfully used in Germany to treat upper @entity344 and perforations. There currently are no reports on its use in the USA. METHODS: E-Vac therapy was used to treat 11 @entity1 with upper @entity344 and perforations from September 2013 to September 2014. Five @entity1 with leaks following sleeve gastrectomy were excluded from this study. A total of six @entity1 were treated with E-Vac therapy; these included: (n  =  2) iatrogenic esophageal perforations, (n  =  1) iatrogenic esophageal and gastric perforations, (n  =  1) iatrogenic @entity356 , (n  =  1) gastric staple line leak following a surgical repair of a traumatic @entity356 , and (n  =  1) esophageal perforation due to an invasive @entity364 . Four @entity1 had failed an initial surgical repair prior to starting E-Vac therapy. RESULTS: All six @entity1 (100  %) had complete closure of their perforation or leak after an average of 35.8  days of E-Vac therapy requiring 7.2 different E-Vac changes. No @entity204 occurred in the 30  days following E-Vac therapy. One @entity1 died following complete closure of his perforation and transfer to an acute care facility due to an unrelated complication. There were no complications directly related to the use of E-Vac therapy. Only one @entity1 had any symptoms of @entity1282 . This @entity1 had severe @entity1282 from an esophagogastric anastomotic stricture prior to her iatrogenic perforations. Following E-Vac therapy, her @entity1282 had actually improved and she could now tolerate a soft diet. CONCLUSIONS: E-Vac therapy is a promising new method in the treatment of upper @entity344 and perforations. Current successes need to be validated through future prospective controlled studies.

title: The use of endoluminal vacuum (E-Vac) therapy in the management of upper XXXX and perforations.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal leaks']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric perforation']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal leaks']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We herein describe a rare case of a sclerosing @entity1764 without IgG4-related disease. This case was clearly excluded from IgG4-related disease, because this patient's serum IgG4 level was not elevated. Specifically, this patient's serum IgG4 level was 7.9mg/dl (4.8-105). PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 61-year-old Japanese female presented at our hospital due to an abnormal chest X-ray that showed a growing shadow in the mediastinum. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed an 80*75*75mm @entity5 , which located in the anterior mediastinum. This large @entity5 surrounded the thoracic aorta, left brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. It was difficult to obtain a definitive diagnosis. We tried to perform three biopsies, and eventually performed a partial resection of the @entity5 . DISCUSSION: This case did not fit the criteria for IgG4-related disease, and it was therefore unclear whether @entity134 therapy should be used for this case. We will continue to carefully follow up this @entity1 's residual lesion, and there have been no changes in the lesion at present. CONCLUSION: Sclerosing @entity1764 and IgG4-related disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 presenting with a @entity5 . However, sclerosing @entity1764 is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to obtain a sufficient amount of tissue to ensure an accurate diagnosis.

title: Sclerosing XXXX of unknown origin: Report of a case.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mediastinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We present a @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, plus @entity2903 . A 58-year-old female @entity1 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity463 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity2903 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity2903 cycles, the @entity1 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity12379 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity2903 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity1313 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity1 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity12379 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity1 had several @entity470 ( @entity470 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity71602 ). The @entity1 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . The complex @entity470 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity12379 plus @entity2903 .

title: XXXX , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, with protracted @entity2903 in recurrent @entity463 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'ErbB', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity12379 :: (MESH:C522924,Chemical) :: ['Afatinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We present a @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, plus @entity2903 . A 58-year-old female @entity1 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity463 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity2903 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity2903 cycles, the @entity1 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity12379 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity2903 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity1313 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity1 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity12379 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity1 had several @entity470 ( @entity470 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity71602 ). The @entity1 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . The complex @entity470 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity12379 plus @entity2903 .

title: @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, with protracted XXXX in recurrent @entity463 : a case report.

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are few effective treatments for recurrent @entity463 ( @entity463 ). We present a @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who achieved a prolonged response to treatment with @entity12379 , an irreversible @entity470 family blocker, plus @entity2903 . A 58-year-old female @entity1 was diagnosed with multifocal primary @entity463 . After surgical resection, first-line therapy comprised radiotherapy and @entity2903 . Following disease progression after 3 @entity2903 cycles, the @entity1 entered a phase I/II clinical trial of @entity12379 (20-40 mg daily for 28 days) plus @entity2903 (50 mg/m2 every 21/28 days). Next-generation sequencing analysis of the @entity1313 specimen was performed. At the last assessment, 63 treatment cycles had been completed and the @entity1 had survived for ~5 years since recurrence. Significant disease regression was observed after 5 cycles and was maintained during long-term follow-up. Adverse events were consistent with the known tolerability profile of @entity12379 and were managed by treatment interruption/dose reduction. The @entity1 had several @entity470 ( @entity470 ) aberrations, including gene amplification and EGFRvIII positivity. Three somatic mutations were identified, including an unprecedented extracellular-domain substitution ( @entity71602 ). The @entity1 has survived ~6-fold longer than normally expected in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . The complex @entity470 genotype may underlie sustained response to @entity12379 plus @entity2903 .

title: @entity12379 , an irreversible XXXX family blocker, with protracted @entity2903 in recurrent @entity463 : a case report.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['ErbB']