abstract: In the present study, we examined prolonged @entity281 after antigenic co-stimulation by inoculation of the fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi at two different sites in three @entity19 strains (BALB/c, Swiss, and C57BL/6). Using this @entity19 model of @entity281 , we showed that antigen induction of @entity281 at more than one site led to a local suppression of active lesions, which increased the time course of experimental @entity8711 ( @entity8711 ). @entity281 with a simultaneous @entity281 of the peritoneum or a mucosal site appeared to cause prolonged @entity364 . Using knockout (KO) @entity19 , we observed that antigenic co-stimulation caused progressive illness in CD8-KO animals and an effective immune response in the absence of @entity1618 . In @entity73097 @entity19 , co-stimulation provoked @entity281 (not prolonged), suggesting that B1 B cells play an important role in the control of @entity364 . The tissue response to @entity281 was similar in all co-stimulated @entity19 groups, as anatomopathologic sections revealed @entity75 ( @entity738 -like). In general, these @entity19 had acute responses at primary antigenic sites with an intense migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), whereas the distant @entity281 sites (footpad) showed signs of @entity281 . The migration of PMNs to the secondary site (footpad) increased in the later periods of @entity281 , especially after the disappearance of the primary antigenic focus. PMN migration was associated with lesion-dormancy breakage and fungal elimination. Our findings suggest that the host inflammatory/suppression mechanisms induced by antigenic co-stimulation to systemically fight the same pathogen act coordinately through responses that differ at the sites of @entity281 between acute and chronic integrated healing processes that are more prolonged than an acute @entity281 at a single site. However, the long persistence of fungal cells in the host may be linked to microbial adaptation to a @entity281 as observed in co-stimulated @entity73097 @entity19 .

title: Prolonged infection by Fonsecaea pedrosoi after antigenic co-stimulation at different sites in experimental XXXX @entity8711 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: A @entity1 presenting severe @entity4053 despite low or normal secretion of insulin was found to have IgM antibodies to the @entity8277 . These antibodies stimulated lipogenesis in fat cells in vitro and competed with insulin for binding to insulin receptors. After treatment with glucocorticoids, the anti-receptor antibodies and the @entity4053 both disappeared, and antibodies to insulin appeared in the patient's serum. The anti-insulin antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and were found to inhibit the anti- @entity8277 antibodies that were present earlier. The interaction between the patient's anti-insulin antibodies and his anti-receptor antibodies suggests that these two species of antibodies are related as idiotypes and anti-idiotypes. We also studied the interaction of the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies with anti-insulin antibodies of a @entity6 @entity1 and with anti-insulin antibodies of @entity19 immunized to insulin. The hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies were neutralized by the @entity6 patient's anti-insulin antibodies, indicating that anti-insulin antibodies with a common idiotype may arise in both @entity6 and @entity4053 . Moreover, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that interacted with mouse anti-receptor antibodies neutralized the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. In contrast, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that did not interact with the mouse anti-receptor antibodies did not neutralize the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. Thus, the human anti-insulin antibodies share an idiotype with a specific class of mouse anti-insulin antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antibodies to XXXX followed by anti-idiotype. Antibodies to insulin in @entity1 with @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-receptor', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: A @entity1 presenting severe @entity4053 despite low or normal secretion of insulin was found to have IgM antibodies to the @entity8277 . These antibodies stimulated lipogenesis in fat cells in vitro and competed with insulin for binding to insulin receptors. After treatment with glucocorticoids, the anti-receptor antibodies and the @entity4053 both disappeared, and antibodies to insulin appeared in the patient's serum. The anti-insulin antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and were found to inhibit the anti- @entity8277 antibodies that were present earlier. The interaction between the patient's anti-insulin antibodies and his anti-receptor antibodies suggests that these two species of antibodies are related as idiotypes and anti-idiotypes. We also studied the interaction of the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies with anti-insulin antibodies of a @entity6 @entity1 and with anti-insulin antibodies of @entity19 immunized to insulin. The hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies were neutralized by the @entity6 patient's anti-insulin antibodies, indicating that anti-insulin antibodies with a common idiotype may arise in both @entity6 and @entity4053 . Moreover, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that interacted with mouse anti-receptor antibodies neutralized the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. In contrast, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that did not interact with the mouse anti-receptor antibodies did not neutralize the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. Thus, the human anti-insulin antibodies share an idiotype with a specific class of mouse anti-insulin antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antibodies to @entity8277 followed by anti-idiotype. Antibodies to insulin in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: A @entity1 presenting severe @entity4053 despite low or normal secretion of insulin was found to have IgM antibodies to the @entity8277 . These antibodies stimulated lipogenesis in fat cells in vitro and competed with insulin for binding to insulin receptors. After treatment with glucocorticoids, the anti-receptor antibodies and the @entity4053 both disappeared, and antibodies to insulin appeared in the patient's serum. The anti-insulin antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and were found to inhibit the anti- @entity8277 antibodies that were present earlier. The interaction between the patient's anti-insulin antibodies and his anti-receptor antibodies suggests that these two species of antibodies are related as idiotypes and anti-idiotypes. We also studied the interaction of the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies with anti-insulin antibodies of a @entity6 @entity1 and with anti-insulin antibodies of @entity19 immunized to insulin. The hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies were neutralized by the @entity6 patient's anti-insulin antibodies, indicating that anti-insulin antibodies with a common idiotype may arise in both @entity6 and @entity4053 . Moreover, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that interacted with mouse anti-receptor antibodies neutralized the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. In contrast, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that did not interact with the mouse anti-receptor antibodies did not neutralize the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. Thus, the human anti-insulin antibodies share an idiotype with a specific class of mouse anti-insulin antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antibodies to @entity8277 followed by anti-idiotype. Antibodies to insulin in XXXX with @entity4053 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: In this paper we report the @entity943 recorded on basal ECG, on Holter monitoring or on exercise test, in 32 pts affected by arrhythmogenic right ventricle (ARV). A sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was present in 11 pts a non sustained @entity1165 in 15 pts, a slow @entity1165 in 2 pts, a @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) in 3 pts and both sustained @entity1165 and @entity2224 in 1 pt. All but 1 case of sustained @entity1165 showed a LBBB like pattern. The heart rate during @entity1165 ranged between 170 and 280 beats/min. The frontal axis of the @entity1165 showed a wide range of deviation. Among non sustained @entity1165 , 9 cases had LBBB like pattern and 6 cases had polymorphic configuration. The 2 cases of slow @entity1165 showed LBBB like pattern with right axis deviation. A comparison between @entity943 and @entity73 was made. The data obtained suggest that the effort plays an important role in the induction of @entity1165 in pts with localized @entity73 . In conclusion a wide spectrum of @entity1165 is present in the ARV. Probably the RV "arrhythmogenic" zones and the electrophysiological mechanism causing the @entity943 are various.

title: [Tachycardia and XXXX in the arrhythmogenic right ventricle (arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle). Clinical and electrocardiographic spectrum].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['RV impairment']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with early @entity1020 of various etiologies were tested with pattern and focal electroretinograms (macular ERGs), with high (400 cd/M2) and moderate (40 cd/M2) stimulus intensities and a four-alternative forced choice (4AFC) contrast sensitivity test in addition to intensive clinical examinations. High spatial frequency contrast sensitivity loss on the 4AFC test was the most striking and consistent feature of all cases. The only eyes not outside normal contrast sensitivity limits were three in which diagnosis was uncertain and the @entity1 had not recognized any problem, including two @entity4808 . @entity1020 also substantially reduced macular ERG amplitudes. Criterion scores on these tests separated @entity1 from normals more effectively than other noninvasive procedures and only missed one eye detected by contrast sensitivity. Latencies were affected but the delays were of no clinical significance in the individual case. Stimulus intensity was not critical. The results indicate that contrast sensitivity testing and macular ERGs are very reliable indices of central @entity227 at a stage when visible macular changes are too subtle for confident diagnosis. Contrast sensitivity has appeal because of its reliability, objectivity, simplicity, and noninvasive nature. It is equally applicable to @entity1 and adults. Pattern and focal ERGs can establish that the @entity227 has a retinal origin and can provide the most reliable objective confirmation.

title: Macular electroretinograms and contrast sensitivity as sensitive detectors of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopathy', 'maculopathies']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficit', 'visual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['marginal solar burns']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: Operations for pulmonary @entity3 were carried out on 33 @entity1 from January 1st 1976 to December 31st 1985 at the Surgical Division, University of Cologne. In six cases each, the @entity5 were @entity1358 , @entity14 and osteocarcinoma. There were five cases of @entity320 , three cases of @entity189 , two cases of @entity189 and two cases of soft-tissue @entity242 as well as one case each of parotid, tonsillar and @entity189 . The large number of @entity3 could be determined in 21 cases (64%) by means of preoperative radiodiagnostics with X-rays of the chest in two planes, conventional tomography and computer tomography of the thorax. Computer tomography was the most efficient single investigation. 17 @entity1 received atypical resection and lobectomy was carried out in 16 cases. For all @entity1 , the cumulative survivals revealed a one-year actuarial survival of around 70% and a three-year actuarial survival of about 20%. @entity1 with several @entity3 (two to six) had a very much poorer prognosis than @entity1 with solitary pulmonary @entity3 . There was no connection between the surgical technique selected and the expected survival time in any case. The @entity5 -free interval between operation on the @entity5 and resection of the pulmonary @entity3 only had a slight prognostic significance.

title: [Diagnosis and surgical therapy of lung XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['testicular carcinoma', 'laryngeal carcinoma', 'corpus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephromas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The dimerization of avian @entity11850 (PP) was studied by large-zone gel chromatography using integral boundary analysis. The association constant has been determined as a function of temperature and pH. The dimerization is endothermic and entropically driven, which suggests hydrophobic interactions, and is enhanced with increasing pH. Analysis of the pH dependence indicates the involvement of ionizable groups. with pKa values of 4.5-5.5. In the avian PP molecule, there are six groups which are potentially titratable in this pH range. A comparison of the @entity3689 sequence of avian PP with that of the @entity291 and @entity235 homologues, which also exhibit pH-dependent dimerization [Noelken, M.E., Chang, P.J. _ Kimmel, J.R. (1980) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], shows that they have three @entity3338 and two @entity2097 groups in common. It is suggested that salt linkages involving these groups participate in dimerization. In the avian peptide, @entity3793 -34 may also be involved.

title: Reversible dimerization of avian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11850 :: ('280900(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity11850 :: (280900(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']


abstract: Carroll et al. reported that an abnormal @entity619 suppression test (DST) may identify approximately 50% of endogenous depressives and that normalization of the test occurs with clinical recovery. Brown et al. and Schlesser et al. have confirmed the diagnostic utility of the test. A preliminary study suggested that when the DST failed to normalize at discharge, @entity1 were at high risk for early relapse. In this study, we compared ten unipolar or bipolar endogenous depressives who had an abnormal DST on admission and a normal DST at discharge, with four @entity1 whose abnormal DST on admission failed to convert at discharge. On all measures, those whose DST fail to convert showed substantially less improvement. @entity1 whose DST fail to normalize may have incomplete resolution of their underlying depressive process. Despite clinical judgment that discharge may be appropriate these @entity1 may require further active treatment. Use of the DST prior to discharge may help discriminate between @entity1 whose remaining symptoms reflect situational or psychosocial problems and those with a continuing endogenomorphic process.

title: Normalization of XXXX suppression test: a laboratory index of recovery from endogenous depression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Probability models for assessing a mosquito repellent's potential to reduce @entity311 transmission are not readily available to public health researchers. To provide a means for estimating the epidemiological efficacy of mosquito repellents in communities, we developed a simple mathematical model. STUDY DESIGN: A static probability model is presented to simulate @entity281 in a community during a single transmission season. The model includes five parameters- sporozoite rate, @entity1 @entity281 rate, biting pressure, repellent efficacy, and product-acceptance rate. INTERVENTIONS: The model assumes that a certain percentage of the population uses a personal mosquito repellent over the course of a seven-month transmission season and that this repellent maintains a constant rate of protective efficacy against the bites of @entity311 vectors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This model measures the probability of evading @entity281 in circumstances where vector biting pressure, repellent efficacy, and product acceptance may vary. [corrected] RESULTS _ CONCLUSION: Absolute protection using mosquito repellents alone requires high rates of repellent efficacy and product acceptance. [corrected] Using performance data from a highly effective repellent, the model estimates an 88.9% reduction of infections over a seven- month transmission season. A corresponding reduction in the incidence of @entity281 in community members not completely evading @entity281 can also be presumed. Thus, the model shows that mass distribution of a repellent with >98% efficacy and >98% product acceptance would suppress new @entity281 to levels lower than those achieved with insecticide treated nets (ITNs). A combination of both interventions could create synergies that result in reductions of disease burden significantly greater than with the use of ITNs alone.

title: Estimating a mosquito repellent's potential to reduce XXXX in communities.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infections', 'malaria infection', 'super-infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) chemotherapy over @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) alone in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) has been demonstrated in two randomised trials; ABC02 and the Biliary Tract (BT) 22 study. We used a combined dataset from these two trials to investigate the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), which is thought to be a prognostic factor associated with clinical outcomes in several solid @entity5 , including @entity1125 . METHODS: White blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were available for 379 of 410 @entity1 from @entity1125 -02 and all 83 @entity1 in @entity4377 . The dNLR was calculated as ANC/(WBC-ANC), as previously specified. We examined the association between dNLR and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as comparing the treatment effect in two @entity1 groups defined by their dNLR level. A high dNLR was defined as >= 3.0, which was approximately the upper tertile value. RESULTS: A total of 462 individual @entity1 records were analysed, 328 with baseline dNLR <3 and 134 with dNLR >= 3. There were 443 deaths in the cohort, and all surviving @entity1 had a dNLR <3. There was strong evidence that dNLR was closely associated with both @entity1349 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.01] and PFS (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.13-1.72). There was limited evidence (P = 0.10) of a differential effect of CisGem on @entity1349 between the two dNLR groups, but this was clearest in the @entity1125 -02 dataset (P = 0.06). There was good evidence (P = 0.008) of an association between low baseline dNLR and long-term survival on a CisGem regimen. There was also good evidence of an association between ECOG performance status (split at 0 and 1 versus 2) on both @entity1349 (P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.01), but no evidence of a differential treatment effect, with both groups receiving benefit from the addition of @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that high dNLR is associated with worse @entity1349 and PFS, and suggests it may also be predictive of benefit for the addition of @entity900 to @entity136 in European @entity1 with @entity1125 . Incorporating dNLR into the clinical context may better inform prognosis and chemotherapy decisions in @entity1125 @entity1 .

title: Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may predict benefit from XXXX in the advanced @entity5 : the @entity1125 -02 and @entity4377 studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['advanced biliary tract cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) chemotherapy over @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) alone in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) has been demonstrated in two randomised trials; ABC02 and the Biliary Tract (BT) 22 study. We used a combined dataset from these two trials to investigate the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), which is thought to be a prognostic factor associated with clinical outcomes in several solid @entity5 , including @entity1125 . METHODS: White blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were available for 379 of 410 @entity1 from @entity1125 -02 and all 83 @entity1 in @entity4377 . The dNLR was calculated as ANC/(WBC-ANC), as previously specified. We examined the association between dNLR and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as comparing the treatment effect in two @entity1 groups defined by their dNLR level. A high dNLR was defined as >= 3.0, which was approximately the upper tertile value. RESULTS: A total of 462 individual @entity1 records were analysed, 328 with baseline dNLR <3 and 134 with dNLR >= 3. There were 443 deaths in the cohort, and all surviving @entity1 had a dNLR <3. There was strong evidence that dNLR was closely associated with both @entity1349 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.01] and PFS (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.13-1.72). There was limited evidence (P = 0.10) of a differential effect of CisGem on @entity1349 between the two dNLR groups, but this was clearest in the @entity1125 -02 dataset (P = 0.06). There was good evidence (P = 0.008) of an association between low baseline dNLR and long-term survival on a CisGem regimen. There was also good evidence of an association between ECOG performance status (split at 0 and 1 versus 2) on both @entity1349 (P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.01), but no evidence of a differential treatment effect, with both groups receiving benefit from the addition of @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that high dNLR is associated with worse @entity1349 and PFS, and suggests it may also be predictive of benefit for the addition of @entity900 to @entity136 in European @entity1 with @entity1125 . Incorporating dNLR into the clinical context may better inform prognosis and chemotherapy decisions in @entity1125 @entity1 .

title: Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may predict benefit from @entity900 in the advanced XXXX : the @entity1125 -02 and @entity4377 studies.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) chemotherapy over @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) alone in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) has been demonstrated in two randomised trials; ABC02 and the Biliary Tract (BT) 22 study. We used a combined dataset from these two trials to investigate the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), which is thought to be a prognostic factor associated with clinical outcomes in several solid @entity5 , including @entity1125 . METHODS: White blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were available for 379 of 410 @entity1 from @entity1125 -02 and all 83 @entity1 in @entity4377 . The dNLR was calculated as ANC/(WBC-ANC), as previously specified. We examined the association between dNLR and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as comparing the treatment effect in two @entity1 groups defined by their dNLR level. A high dNLR was defined as >= 3.0, which was approximately the upper tertile value. RESULTS: A total of 462 individual @entity1 records were analysed, 328 with baseline dNLR <3 and 134 with dNLR >= 3. There were 443 deaths in the cohort, and all surviving @entity1 had a dNLR <3. There was strong evidence that dNLR was closely associated with both @entity1349 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.01] and PFS (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.13-1.72). There was limited evidence (P = 0.10) of a differential effect of CisGem on @entity1349 between the two dNLR groups, but this was clearest in the @entity1125 -02 dataset (P = 0.06). There was good evidence (P = 0.008) of an association between low baseline dNLR and long-term survival on a CisGem regimen. There was also good evidence of an association between ECOG performance status (split at 0 and 1 versus 2) on both @entity1349 (P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.01), but no evidence of a differential treatment effect, with both groups receiving benefit from the addition of @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that high dNLR is associated with worse @entity1349 and PFS, and suggests it may also be predictive of benefit for the addition of @entity900 to @entity136 in European @entity1 with @entity1125 . Incorporating dNLR into the clinical context may better inform prognosis and chemotherapy decisions in @entity1125 @entity1 .

title: Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may predict benefit from @entity900 in the advanced @entity5 : the XXXX -02 and @entity4377 studies.

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['ABC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) chemotherapy over @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) alone in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) has been demonstrated in two randomised trials; ABC02 and the Biliary Tract (BT) 22 study. We used a combined dataset from these two trials to investigate the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), which is thought to be a prognostic factor associated with clinical outcomes in several solid @entity5 , including @entity1125 . METHODS: White blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were available for 379 of 410 @entity1 from @entity1125 -02 and all 83 @entity1 in @entity4377 . The dNLR was calculated as ANC/(WBC-ANC), as previously specified. We examined the association between dNLR and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS), as well as comparing the treatment effect in two @entity1 groups defined by their dNLR level. A high dNLR was defined as >= 3.0, which was approximately the upper tertile value. RESULTS: A total of 462 individual @entity1 records were analysed, 328 with baseline dNLR <3 and 134 with dNLR >= 3. There were 443 deaths in the cohort, and all surviving @entity1 had a dNLR <3. There was strong evidence that dNLR was closely associated with both @entity1349 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-2.01] and PFS (HR, 1.40; 95% CI 1.13-1.72). There was limited evidence (P = 0.10) of a differential effect of CisGem on @entity1349 between the two dNLR groups, but this was clearest in the @entity1125 -02 dataset (P = 0.06). There was good evidence (P = 0.008) of an association between low baseline dNLR and long-term survival on a CisGem regimen. There was also good evidence of an association between ECOG performance status (split at 0 and 1 versus 2) on both @entity1349 (P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.01), but no evidence of a differential treatment effect, with both groups receiving benefit from the addition of @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that high dNLR is associated with worse @entity1349 and PFS, and suggests it may also be predictive of benefit for the addition of @entity900 to @entity136 in European @entity1 with @entity1125 . Incorporating dNLR into the clinical context may better inform prognosis and chemotherapy decisions in @entity1125 @entity1 .

title: Derived neutrophil lymphocyte ratio may predict benefit from @entity900 in the advanced @entity5 : the @entity1125 -02 and XXXX studies.

answer: @entity4377 :: (10385,Gene) :: ['BT-22']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the strength of the association between victimisation by peers at age 13 years and @entity308 at 18 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal observational study. SETTING: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and @entity1 , a UK community based birth cohort. @entity1 : 6719 @entity1 who reported on peer victimisation at age 13 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Depression defined according to international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria, assessed using the clinical interview schedule-revised during clinic assessments with @entity1 when they were aged 18 years. 3898 @entity1 had data on both victimisation by peers at age 13 years and @entity308 at age 18 years. RESULTS: Of the 683 @entity1 who reported frequent victimisation at age 13 years, 101 (14.8%) were @entity308 according to ICD-10 criteria at 18 years; of the 1446 @entity1 reporting some victimisation at age 13 years, 103 (7.1%) were @entity308 at age 18 years; and of the 1769 @entity1 reporting no victimisation at age 13 years, 98 (5.5%) were @entity308 at age 18 years. Compared with @entity1 who were not victimised those who were frequently victimised by peers had over a twofold increase in odds of @entity308 (odds ratio 2.96, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 3.97, P<0.001). This association was slightly reduced when adjusting for confounders (2.32, 1.49 to 3.63, P<0.001). The population attributable fraction suggested that 29.2% (95% confidence interval 10.9% to 43.7%) of @entity308 at age 18 years could be explained by peer victimisation if this were a causal relation. CONCLUSION: When using observational data it is impossible to be certain that associations are causal. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that victimisation by peers in adolescence is associated with an increase in the risk of developing @entity308 as an adult.

title: Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on XXXX in early adulthood: prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the long-term outcome after intramedullary nailing of femoral diaphysial fractures measured as disease-specific @entity1 reported function, walking ability, muscle strength, @entity158 and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Retrospective review and follow-up with clinical examination of 48 @entity1 treated with intramedullary nailing after femoral shaft @entity174 between 2007 and 2010. The @entity1 underwent a clinical examination and assessment of walking ability, maximal muscle strength during knee flexion and extension and hip abduction. @entity717 and @entity571 Outcome Score (HOOS) and questionnaire evaluating QOL (Eq5D-5L) were completed by @entity1 . RESULTS: Fourty-eight @entity1 agreed to participate. Mean time for follow-up was 4.7  years. The mean HOOS scores were 84.9 ( @entity158 ), 86.6 (ADL), 85.0 (Symptoms), 72.6 (QOL), and 69.1 (Sport). The mean muscle strength of knee flexion with the injured leg (226.0  N) was significantly lower then knee flexion with the non-injured leg (259.5  N, P  <  0.0001). Likewise for knee extension (335.2 vs 406.4  N, P  <  0.001) and hip abduction (129.2 vs 156.0  N, P  <  0.001). Significant association between HOOS and an increase in the difference in muscle strength were observed as well as between worse HOOS outcome and increasing body mass index. CONCLUSION: This study showed that decreased muscle strength for knee flexion, knee extension and hip abduction was associated with worse long-term functional outcome measured with a disease-specific questionnaire (HOOS) after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft @entity174 .

title: Decreased muscle strength is associated with impaired long-term functional outcome after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Hip disability']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies comparing @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) vs. @entity5806 ( @entity5806 ) for distal tibia shaft @entity174 focus upon closed injuries containing small @entity1 series with open @entity174 . As such, complication rates for open @entity174 are unknown. To characterize complications associated with @entity1538 vs. @entity5806 , we compared complications based on surgical approach in a large @entity1 series of open distal tibia shaft @entity174 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis at an urban level I @entity130 center, 180 @entity5806 and 36 @entity1538 @entity1 with open distal tibia @entity174 from 2002 to 2012 were evaluated. @entity1 charts were reviewed to identify @entity1 demographics, @entity174 grade (G), @entity1 comorbidities, and postoperative complications including nonunion, malunion, @entity281 , hardware-related @entity158 , and wound dehiscence. Fisher's exact tests compared complications between @entity1538 and @entity5806 groups. Multivariate regression identified risk factors with statistical significance for the development of a @entity260 . RESULTS: One hundred and eighty @entity5806 (G1 22, G2 79, and G3 79) and 36 @entity1538 (G1 10, G2 16, and G3 10) @entity1 were included for analysis. @entity1538 @entity1 had a higher rate of nonunion (25.0  %, n  =  9) compared with @entity5806 @entity1 (10.6  %, n  =  20, p  =  0.03). No additional complication had a significant statistical difference between groups. Multivariable analysis shows only surgical method influenced the development of complications: @entity1538 @entity1 had 2.52 greater odds of developing complications compared with @entity5806 @entity1 (95  % CI 1.05-6.02; p  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1538 leads to higher rates of nonunion and significantly increases the odds of developing a complication compared with @entity5806 for open distal tibia @entity174 . This is the first study investigating complication rates based on surgical approach in a large cohort of @entity1 with exclusively open distal tibia @entity174 .

title: Open distal tibial shaft XXXX : a retrospective comparison of medial plate versus nail fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['ORIF', 'open reduction internal fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['intramedullary nailing', 'IMN']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stellate @entity616 is usually performed with the classic anterior paratracheal approach. The anatomy of the stellate ganglion being in close proximity to various critical structures renders a number of complications, which are potentially associated with its blockade. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of a new approach of the stellate @entity616 using an oblique fluoroscopic view. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity158 were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: the anterior paratracheal stellate block group and the oblique fluoroscopic stellate block group. Four blocks were performed for each @entity1 using the same approach each time. The results were evaluated in terms of @entity158 intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale score, @entity1286 consumption, and @entity1931 surface area (in cm). @entity1 satisfaction score (PSS), skin temperature, side effects, and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 studied groups after each block had been performed. RESULTS: The mean visual analog scale score, daily @entity1286 consumption, and areas of @entity1931 were significantly decreased and the PSS was significantly increased after each block and for up to 3 months after the last block in both the groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at the same study period apart from PSS, which was statistically more significant in group oblique at certain times. The incidences of side effects were significantly more in group classic than in group oblique. CONCLUSIONS: The oblique fluoroscopic approach of the stellate @entity616 is as effective as the anterior paratracheal approach but is safer and more satisfactory to the @entity1 .

title: @entity616 for postmastectomy XXXX : a comparison of the classic anterior approach and the oblique approach.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postmastectomy pain syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion block']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stellate @entity616 is usually performed with the classic anterior paratracheal approach. The anatomy of the stellate ganglion being in close proximity to various critical structures renders a number of complications, which are potentially associated with its blockade. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of a new approach of the stellate @entity616 using an oblique fluoroscopic view. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity158 were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: the anterior paratracheal stellate block group and the oblique fluoroscopic stellate block group. Four blocks were performed for each @entity1 using the same approach each time. The results were evaluated in terms of @entity158 intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale score, @entity1286 consumption, and @entity1931 surface area (in cm). @entity1 satisfaction score (PSS), skin temperature, side effects, and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 studied groups after each block had been performed. RESULTS: The mean visual analog scale score, daily @entity1286 consumption, and areas of @entity1931 were significantly decreased and the PSS was significantly increased after each block and for up to 3 months after the last block in both the groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at the same study period apart from PSS, which was statistically more significant in group oblique at certain times. The incidences of side effects were significantly more in group classic than in group oblique. CONCLUSIONS: The oblique fluoroscopic approach of the stellate @entity616 is as effective as the anterior paratracheal approach but is safer and more satisfactory to the @entity1 .

title: XXXX for postmastectomy @entity158 : a comparison of the classic anterior approach and the oblique approach.

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['Fluoroscopic stellate ganglion block']


abstract: Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is advocated to recruit alveoli during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), but its effect on cardiopulmonary physiology and @entity651 is poorly documented. We hypothesized that high PEEP would recruit alveoli and @entity651 but compromise pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Preterm @entity742 of anesthetized ewes were instrumented, intubated, and delivered by cesarean section after instillation of surfactant. HFJV was commenced with a PEEP of 5 cm @entity2507 . @entity742 were allocated randomly at delivery to remain on constant PEEP (PEEPconst, n = 6) or to recruitment via stepwise adjustments in PEEP (PEEPadj, n = 6) to 12 cm @entity2507 then back to 8 cm @entity2507 over the initial 60 min. PBF was measured continuously while ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gases were measured at intervals. At postmortem, in situ pressure-volume deflation curves were recorded, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were obtained to assess @entity32 . PEEPadj @entity742 had lower pressure amplitude, fractional inspired @entity26 concentration, oxygenation index, and PBF and more compliant lungs. Inflammatory markers were lower in the PEEPadj group. Adjusted PEEP during HFJV improves oxygenation and lung compliance and reduces ventilator requirements despite reducing pulmonary perfusion.

title: High positive end-expiratory pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation improves oxygenation and ventilation in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['reduce lung injury', 'lung injury']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of @entity244 with a delayed diagnosis. The @entity1 's first presentation in our pediatric orthopedics department was 2 month after surgery (cochlea implantation) with a persistent torticollis. Radiographs revealed a subluxated @entity9807 . We treated our @entity1 with manual repositioning and calculated antibiotics, which lead to a restitutio ad integrum within a short time. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity244 is synonymous with rare nontraumatic, rotational subluxation of the @entity9807 (C1-C2). All formerly reported cases showed a clear association to @entity281 or were related to head and neck surgery. Still, there is a lack of understanding about pathogenetic features and causative agents. In 1977 Fielding proposed a classification of the @entity9807 and stage-related therapy was recommended. METHODS: Our @entity1 was a 11-year-old @entity1 with a torticollis after insertion of a cochlea implant. After surgery, physiotherapy was performed because of her wryneck. As the symptoms did not improve, she was presented in our clinic. Our radiographs revealed a subluxated @entity9807 . RESULTS: In general anesthesia we performed a manual repositioning and she was temporarily immobilized with a cervical collar for 2 weeks. In addition, we administered calculated antibiotics, although CRP and leukocytes were not elevated. The follow up showed a good repositioning within a short time. CONCLUSION: At least in this case, our treatment led to shorter recovery and avoidance of halo fixation. Our new therapeutic approach to @entity1 with @entity244 might lead to a shorter recovery.

title: Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint as rare form of acquired torticollis: diagnosis and clinical features of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation', 'atlantoaxial joint']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Grisel's syndrome"]

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Grisel's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy is a widely recognized quality measure of @entity14 care. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that surgical complications are associated with omission of chemotherapy for @entity14 . METHODS: We used the 1998 to 2005 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database to study adjuvant chemotherapy use among @entity1 with @entity14 who underwent surgical resection. Chemotherapy use was compared between @entity1 with and without complications. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to test the association between complications and chemotherapy omission, while adjusting for demographics, comorbidity, and other factors. Associations between complications and time to chemotherapy were also studied. RESULTS: We identified 17,108 eligible @entity1 with @entity14 (median age, 75 y; 24% rectal/rectosigmoid). Using a parsimonious list of complication codes, 18% of @entity1 had >=  1 complication. Thirteen percent of @entity1 had medical complications and 3.8% of @entity1 had complications requiring reoperation or another procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted among 46% of @entity1 with complications, compared with 31% of @entity1 with no complications (P < .0001). Having a complication was independently associated with omission of chemotherapy in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR, 1.76; 95% CI 1.59-1.95). Other factors significantly associated with chemotherapy omission were age, race, marital status, urgent/emergent admission, and type of operation. Risk ratios increase with multiple complications (P < .0001). Complications were also associated with an increased risk of chemotherapy delay (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical complications are independently associated with omission of chemotherapy for @entity14 and with a delay in adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest that complications of colorectal surgery may affect both short- and long-term @entity5 outcomes. Thus, the implementation of quality improvement measures that effectively reduce perioperative complications may also provide a long-term @entity5 survival benefit.

title: Surgical complications are associated with omission of chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage III colorectal cancer']


abstract: Cryosurgery has been recommended for the treatment of cutaneous @entity5 , including benign and malignant @entity5 . The main side effect of this treatment is pigment disruption which may be prolonged. There are no quantitative studies on melanocyte distribution after freeze injury. In this study the effect of standardized freeze times on melanocytes in @entity840 skin (tricolored) is described at the anatomic level and at the light and electron microscopic level. Melanocytes are quantified in epidermal sheets following dopa staining at 1-, 2-, and 3-month intervals after freezing. All the lesions were @entity4182 with a peripheral rim of @entity2117 . This was a transient phenomenon associated with an absence of melanocytes. Pigment migrated into the lesions so that after 3 months all the lesions on black skin were diffusely hyperpigmented. Pigment was slower to return to the red skin. Hair follicles were destroyed in the center of the lesion. The epidermal sheets demonstrated that the @entity2117 was an epidermal phenomenon and was associated with increased numbers of melanocytes (p less than 0.001). These melanocytes were distributed evenly throughout the lesion in contrast to the irregular distribution in normal skin.

title: Pigment change and melanocyte distribution in XXXX skin after cutaneous freeze injury.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'melanocytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['initially hypopigmented']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: 1. In @entity35 , two-kidney, one-clip @entity4815 was induced, and the drinking behaviour as well as total fluid and @entity1372 intake were studied before and for 16 days after the operation. 2. When water alone was offered as drinking fluid, the blood pressure reached values that were by about 20 mmHg higher than those in the @entity35 which had free choice of drinking water or 2% saline. 3. In those @entity35 which had water and 2% saline to drink, the total @entity1372 and fluid intake rose transiently for three days, as compared with that of the sham-operated controls, and increased steeply starting from the 7th and 10th day, respectively. When a @entity2791 was induced, the pressure rose more rapidly, and the total fluid and @entity1372 intake increased continuously after the operation until the end of the experiment. 4. A positive correlation was demonstrable between the height of blood pressure and the total daily intake of fluid and @entity1372 , respectively. 5. The relation between the total daily fluid and the total daily @entity1372 intake followed a straight regression line. 6. The @entity101 @entity35 which had a high total @entity1372 intake responded to the withdrawal of the 2% saline solution, within 2 days, with increased water intake, decreased food intake, and loss of body weight, whereas the blood pressure remained high. 7. In the two-kidney, one-clip @entity101 , no 'critical level of blood pressure' can be defined, beyond which the contralateral kidney starts to lose @entity1372 .

title: Fluid and salt intake during the development of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['tighter stenosis of the renal artery']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity4815 :: (MESH:D006977,Disease) :: ['renal hypertension']


abstract: 1. In @entity35 , two-kidney, one-clip @entity4815 was induced, and the drinking behaviour as well as total fluid and @entity1372 intake were studied before and for 16 days after the operation. 2. When water alone was offered as drinking fluid, the blood pressure reached values that were by about 20 mmHg higher than those in the @entity35 which had free choice of drinking water or 2% saline. 3. In those @entity35 which had water and 2% saline to drink, the total @entity1372 and fluid intake rose transiently for three days, as compared with that of the sham-operated controls, and increased steeply starting from the 7th and 10th day, respectively. When a @entity2791 was induced, the pressure rose more rapidly, and the total fluid and @entity1372 intake increased continuously after the operation until the end of the experiment. 4. A positive correlation was demonstrable between the height of blood pressure and the total daily intake of fluid and @entity1372 , respectively. 5. The relation between the total daily fluid and the total daily @entity1372 intake followed a straight regression line. 6. The @entity101 @entity35 which had a high total @entity1372 intake responded to the withdrawal of the 2% saline solution, within 2 days, with increased water intake, decreased food intake, and loss of body weight, whereas the blood pressure remained high. 7. In the two-kidney, one-clip @entity101 , no 'critical level of blood pressure' can be defined, beyond which the contralateral kidney starts to lose @entity1372 .

title: Fluid and salt intake during the development of @entity4815 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Early diagnosis of @entity1615 is essential to prevent severe @entity85 . The accuracy of thermographic examination of the spine in the detection of minor degrees of curvature has been assessed in 125 asymptomatic young @entity1 mean age 13.4 +/- 0.8 years who were also examined clinically and by spinal X-ray. Assessment of thermograms selected at random from the group of 154 young subjects showed that thermography has a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 91.0% in the identification of @entity1635 when compared with radiography. Thermographic examination of the spine is simple, noninvasive and provides a permanent recording which is easily interpreted. It may provide an ideal method for use in large-scale prospective surveys. The criteria used to detect the thermographic abnormality associated with @entity2112 was derived from the spinal thermograms of 29 @entity1 , mean age 10.25 +/- 4.65 years with known @entity1635 , mean angle of curve 27 degrees +/- 12 degrees. In contrast to the thermal symmetry of the normal spine, all the thermograms of these @entity1 show asymmetry, characteristically an increase in thermal emission on the concave aspect of the curve. Eight of the 16 @entity1 with @entity1635 with minor curves and a characteristic thermogram were not detected clinically. There were 25 asymmetrical thermograms in the asymptomatic group. Three of these @entity1 had a simple postural defect, 5 had dorsal @entity1513 and 16 had @entity2112 . @entity154 and @entity1513 were readily recognized on clinical examination and did not produce the characteristic scoliotic thermogram.

title: Identifying XXXX in the adolescent with thermography: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Postural defects']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: In 36 @entity1 treated for @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) of the elbow, ankle and hip during a period of 20 years in the same hospital, @entity130 seems to have been the main etiologic factor in about half of the @entity1 . The first symptoms of the lesions occurred when the @entity1 were between 15 and 20 years of age. @entity1843 was seen in 19 @entity1 . @entity1843 in the ankle occurred in 6 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . @entity1843 in the hip appeared in 5 @entity1 and one @entity1 . The first symptoms were @entity158 and restriction of joint movement. Conservative treatment was satisfactory for about one-half of the @entity1 . When operative treatment was indicated, extirpation of loose bodies or loosening fragments was the treatment of choice in @entity1843 of the elbow and ankle. Fixation of the fragment gave satistfactory results in some cases of @entity1843 of the hip. Late results were excellent in only about one-half of the @entity1 . Osteoarthritic changes appeared in the hip, elbow, ankle, in order of decreasing frequency.

title: XXXX , ankle and hip: a comparison survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow', 'OCD', 'Osteochondritis dissecans', 'osteochondritis dissecans']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['Osteochondritis dissecans of elbow']


abstract: During eye development in the @entity7547 ( @entity7547 Shaw), morphogenetic movements bring together tissues from @entity135 , @entity6648 . The stages 0 to 14 of @entity7547 eye development were expanded from Rabl's (1898) stages 1 to 10 and correlated with @entity5 . At the onset of neurulation (stage 13 of Harrison), the @entity135 is already determined to form skin, and the neuroectoderm is committed to form brain, because these tissues develop autonomously in 60% Leibovitz L-15 culture medium. However, a sequence of mutual tissue interactions is necessary to stimulate eye development. When @entity135 and neuroectoderm were cocultured, eyes developed, containing retinas with photoreceptors (stage 8) and lenses with secondary lens fibres (stage 8). The first event needed in this case appears to be the secretion of a growth factor from the @entity135 which stimulates retina development from the neuroectoderm. When neuroectoderm cultures were exposed to nondialysable extracts (30 micrograms ml-1) of an adult epidermis derivative, the @entity291 @entity267 , @entity2118 (stage 6) and at higher concentrations (3000 micrograms ml-1) neural retinas developed (stage 6). In turn, lens formation is stimulated in the @entity135 by a retina-derived growth factor. A mutation that causes adult eyelessness (e eyeless, nonlethal, recessive) affects the earliest event in eye development (stage 1a), while a mutation that causes @entity1167 development (mi microphthalmic, lethal, recessive) acts in a later event (stage 8). Two possibilities have been considered in the case of mutation e: either the @entity135 does not secrete sufficient amounts of active growth factor, or the presumptive retina itself is defective. The latter statement turned out to be correct, because mutant e neural plates rarely developed early retina stages (stage 5) in organ culture when combined with wild-type @entity135 . On the other hand, wild-type neural plates formed advanced retinas (stage 8) in all cases when combined with mutant e @entity135 . As expected, no retina or lens developed when both neural plate and @entity135 were from mutant e donors. The heterozygous presence of genes e and r ( @entity177 , lethal, recessive) produces duplications of the presumptive retina at the optic stalk. This observation is consistent with the notion that the mutation e, assisted by the r locus, causes a primary failure in the presumptive retinal region.

title: XXXX retina and lens development: mutual tissue stimulation and autonomous failure in the eyeless mutant retina.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head epidermis']

entities_list: @entity7547 :: ('8296', 'Species') :: ['axolotl', 'Ambystoma mexicanum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Harrison's (1969) stages"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented retinas']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectoderm and neural crest']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['arrest of eye']

answer: @entity7547 :: (8296,Species) :: ['Axolotl']


abstract: Primary @entity0 treatment is determined by @entity5 factors and by @entity1 preference. @entity0 treatments that preserve the cosmetic appearance of the breast are appealing and effective for appropriately selected @entity1 ; long-term survival following @entity5 excision and breast irradiation appears to be comparable to that for mastectomy. Since April 1981, when a protocol was developed and treatment options were offered, factors influencing treatment selection have been analyzed in 206 consecutive primary @entity0 @entity1 . Mastectomy was dictated by @entity5 -related factors in 96 @entity1 (47%); 110 @entity1 (53%) had the option of mastectomy or conservation-- @entity5 excision plus radiotherapy to the breast. Among these 110 eligible @entity1 , 54 chose conservation (49%) and 56 chose mastectomy (51%). Intraoperative findings for ten @entity1 electing conservation necessitated mastectomy, so conservation was accomplished for 44 (21%) of those treated for @entity0 . Beginning in July 1982, @entity0 @entity1 took a battery of psychosexual assessments before any operation (Profile of Mood States [POMS], Health Locus of Control Scale [HLCS] Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test [MAT], Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale [PAIS], Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory [DSFI], Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory [MCMI], and a @entity0 Information Test [BCIT]). Comparisons of psychologic and demographic variables were made between @entity1 who chose mastectomy and those who chose conservation. No demographic variable was statistically significantly related to choice, although older @entity1 tended to select mastectomy more than younger @entity1 . Compared with those who elected conservation, @entity1 who elected mastectomy were more tense and anxious (P less than .01), more introverted (P less than .01), felt more depressed and dejected (P less than .05), and reported more sexual problems (P less than .05). Those who elected conservation valued their physical appearance more highly (P less than .01) and were generally more self-interested (P less than .05). Mastectomy was dictated by medical considerations for approximately half of @entity1 with @entity0 . Among candidates for breast conservation, the importance of retaining the breast appeared to be determined to a significant degree by measurable psychological factors.

title: Factors influencing options in primary XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We used the model of one-stage uninephrectomy and contralateral heminephrectomy to study the effect of protein restriction on growth and renal function in young (starting age 21 d) female @entity35 . Normal, sham-operated, pair-fed, and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) @entity35 were fed a 6, 14 or 22% protein (casein) diet. Diets were otherwise isoenergetic and equivalent in @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity2865 , @entity1391 and @entity460 . Weight, length, urinary protein and @entity1011 clearances were measured up to 6 mo of age. Regardless of group (normal, sham or @entity740 ), animals fed a 6% protein diet weighed less and were shorter than animals fed 14 or 22% protein diets. No difference in growth could be found between 14 and 22% protein intake. However, animals with @entity740 fed 22% protein diet had a shorter survival time than animals fed 14 or 6% protein diets. Six percent protein intake led to a lower growth rate over the first 10-12 wk of age than 14 or 22% protein intake. We conclude that 14% protein intake in @entity35 with @entity740 maintains normal growth and improves survival over 22% protein intake. @entity35 with @entity740 fed a 6% protein diet have improved survival compared to @entity35 fed a 22% protein diet but suffer @entity851 .

title: Beneficial effect of moderate protein restriction on growth, renal function and survival in young XXXX with chronic renal failure.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 . In @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in particular, the question has been raised whether specific characteristics of @entity1 confer a worse prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in @entity583 @entity1 between the genders in cardiovascular risk profile, clinical presentation, therapeutic approach and in-hospital and 6-month mortality rates. METHODS: We analyzed 1578 @entity1 admitted consecutively with @entity583 during a 7-year period (from January 13, 2002 to December 31, 2008). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to gender, and compared in terms of baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, pre-hospital and in-hospital delay, clinical presentation on admission, reperfusion therapy, severity of @entity301 and in-hospital and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: Of the 1578 @entity1 , 26% were female. @entity1 were older (by 8 years), and had a higher cardiovascular risk profile. On admission, their clinical presentation was more severe, with a higher frequency of @entity583 and @entity712 . @entity1 had longer ischemic times and lower rates of reperfusion therapy. Mortality in @entity1 was significantly higher than in @entity1 , both in-hospital (17.5 vs. 5.3%) and at 6 months (23.5% vs. 8.2%). After adjustment in multivariate analysis, mortality in @entity1 remained higher. CONCLUSIONS: The adverse demographic and clinical profile could partially explain the worse prognosis of @entity583 in @entity1 . This, together with longer pre-hospital delays, led to underuse of reperfusion therapy. Even so, female gender by itself had a negative and independent influence on mortality in @entity583 @entity1 .

title: Female gender: an independent factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the effect of a modest @entity353 either by a calorie restricted diet or mainly by increased physical exercise on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight-to- @entity28 and inactive postmenopausal @entity1 . We hypothesize that HRQoL improves with @entity353 , and that exercise-induced @entity353 is more effective for this than diet-induced @entity353 . METHODS: The SHAPE-2 trial was primarily designed to evaluate any additional effect of @entity353 by exercise compared with a comparable amount of @entity353 by diet on biomarkers relevant for @entity0 risk. In the present analysis we focus on HRQoL. We randomly assigned 243 eligible @entity1 to a diet (n = 97), exercise (n = 98), or control group (n = 48). Both interventions aimed for 5-6 kg @entity353 . HRQoL was measured at baseline and after 16 weeks by the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Data of 214 @entity1 were available for analysis. Weight loss was 4.9 kg (6.1%) and 5.5 kg (6.9%) with diet and exercise, respectively. Scores of the SF-36 domain 'health change' increased significantly by 8.8 points (95% CI 1.6;16.1) with diet, and by 20.5 points (95% CI 13.2;27.7) with exercise when compared with control. Direct comparison of diet and exercise showed a statistically significantly stronger improvement with exercise. Both intervention groups showed a tendency towards improvements in most other domains, which were more pronounced in the exercise group, but not statistically different from control or each other. CONCLUSION: In a randomized trial in overweight-to- @entity28 and inactive postmenopausal @entity1 a comparable 6%-7% @entity353 was achieved by diet-only or mainly by exercise and showed improvements in physical and mental HRQoL domains, but results were not statistically significant in either the diet or exercise group. However, a modest @entity353 does lead to a positive change in self-perceived health status. This effect was significantly larger with exercise-induced @entity353 than with comparable diet-induced @entity353 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01511276.

title: Quality of Life after Diet or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Overweight to Obese Postmenopausal XXXX : The SHAPE-2 Randomised Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ambulatory arterial stiff ness index (AASI) is a new method for estimating @entity432 , which is associated with cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of AASI for new CV events. METHODS: Casual and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained in 1200 @entity101 @entity1 (645 female, age 51 +/- 12 years, BMI 27 +/- 5 kg/m2), 53% under stabilized therapy, 47% untreated, all without previous CV events. The occurrence of CV events was determined for 9833 @entity1 -years and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for confounding variables. AASI was calculated from 24h ABPM data and all @entity1 were classified from very high to average CV risk. RESULTS: There were 62 deaths and 152 new fatal and non-fatal CV events (79 strokes, 51 coronary events, 22 other CV events) during the 15.2 years of follow-up (mean 8.2 +/- 3.0 years). AASI correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), casual and 24h ambulatory BP, age and BMI. In subjects with very high or high CV risk (n = 401), AASI was 0.338 +/- 0.178, while in those with low or moderate CV risk (n = 715), it was 0.291 +/- 0.173 and in those with average CV risk (n = 84), it was 0.219 +/- 0.170) (p < 0.002, ANOVA). The probability of event-free and @entity64 -free survival (Kaplan-Meier) was better for AASI values below vs. above the median. The adjusted relative risk (HR 95% CI) for CV events, @entity64 and coronary events associated with a 1-SD increment in AASI values was respectively 1.27 (1.01-1.59), 1.36 (95% CI 1.02-1.89) (p < 0.02) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.67-1.48) (NS), similar to that of 24h pulse pressure (PP) and @entity122 . AASI hazard ratios were no longer significant after additional adjustment for 24h PP, whereas the converse did not occur. However, AASI above the median increases the predictive value of 24h PP for CV events and @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: AASI correlates with @entity122 , stratifies CV risk and predicts total cardiovascular events and @entity64 but not coronary events. AASI may add predictive value to 24h PP for CV events and @entity64 .

title: Prognostic significance of ambulatory @entity432 index in XXXX followed for 8.2 years: its relation with new events and cardiovascular risk estimation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensives']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ambulatory arterial stiff ness index (AASI) is a new method for estimating @entity432 , which is associated with cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of AASI for new CV events. METHODS: Casual and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained in 1200 @entity101 @entity1 (645 female, age 51 +/- 12 years, BMI 27 +/- 5 kg/m2), 53% under stabilized therapy, 47% untreated, all without previous CV events. The occurrence of CV events was determined for 9833 @entity1 -years and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for confounding variables. AASI was calculated from 24h ABPM data and all @entity1 were classified from very high to average CV risk. RESULTS: There were 62 deaths and 152 new fatal and non-fatal CV events (79 strokes, 51 coronary events, 22 other CV events) during the 15.2 years of follow-up (mean 8.2 +/- 3.0 years). AASI correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), casual and 24h ambulatory BP, age and BMI. In subjects with very high or high CV risk (n = 401), AASI was 0.338 +/- 0.178, while in those with low or moderate CV risk (n = 715), it was 0.291 +/- 0.173 and in those with average CV risk (n = 84), it was 0.219 +/- 0.170) (p < 0.002, ANOVA). The probability of event-free and @entity64 -free survival (Kaplan-Meier) was better for AASI values below vs. above the median. The adjusted relative risk (HR 95% CI) for CV events, @entity64 and coronary events associated with a 1-SD increment in AASI values was respectively 1.27 (1.01-1.59), 1.36 (95% CI 1.02-1.89) (p < 0.02) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.67-1.48) (NS), similar to that of 24h pulse pressure (PP) and @entity122 . AASI hazard ratios were no longer significant after additional adjustment for 24h PP, whereas the converse did not occur. However, AASI above the median increases the predictive value of 24h PP for CV events and @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: AASI correlates with @entity122 , stratifies CV risk and predicts total cardiovascular events and @entity64 but not coronary events. AASI may add predictive value to 24h PP for CV events and @entity64 .

title: Prognostic significance of ambulatory XXXX index in @entity101 followed for 8.2 years: its relation with new events and cardiovascular risk estimation.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: A young @entity1 with a clinical history characterized by recurrent @entity1729 , occurring since early infancy, was referred to our hospital. When the @entity1 was a young @entity1 , she underwent sweat @entity2865 test, serum analysis of immunoglobulins, and evaluation of blood lymphocyte subsets; all these diagnostic tests were normal, as well as chest X ray aside from @entity55 episodes. Skin prick tests were positive for several different allergens, and a diagnosis of @entity2023 was made. At the age of 11 years, she started to complain of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) symptoms, and a gastroscopy detected a @entity357 with @entity2910 . Despite pharmacologic treatments for @entity2023 and @entity354 , the @entity1 continued to complain of chronic cough, associated with @entity1224 and recurrent @entity1729 treated with antibiotic therapy. For the first time in her life, we performed a spirometry that showed a flow-volume curve characterized by a plateau in the expiratory phase, suggestive of an central @entity1224 . Bronchoscopy demonstrated a compression of the distal portion of @entity825 . Computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed a double aortic arch. Barium enhancement evidenced an esophageal compression. A surgical division of the smaller of the two arches was then performed. Therefore, we strongly suggest to perform lung function tests in all cases of unexplained respiratory complaints.

title: Recurrent XXXX caused by a double aortic arch: The  diagnostic role of spirometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['choking', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity750 reuptake inhibitors were recently reported to possess antimicrobial potentials, potentiate activity of several antibiotics, reverse multidrug resistant phenotypes of bacteria and make them susceptible to previously resistant drugs. We investigated antimicrobial potentials of @entity3756 (SR) against ATCC strains, clinical isolates of @entity794 , @entity526 and @entity796 alone and in-combination with seven antibiotics. Antifungal activity was investigated against four fungal strains including @entity11150 , @entity54 , @entity11792 , and Fusarium solani. Intrinsic antibacterial action and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined using well assay, nutrient broth and agar dilution techniques. Disk diffusion and nutrient broth methods were used to study bacterial susceptibility to SR. Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFCs) of SR were determined using Sabouraud dextrose Agar (SDA). RESULTS: @entity3756 possesses strong intrinsic antibacterial, antifungal activities and has augmented the antibacterial activities of antibiotics. For @entity794 ATCC 6538, @entity65543 and @entity796 ATCC 9027, the MICs of SR were 20, 40 and 60   g  ml(-1), respectively, whereas 55.5% clinical isolates of @entity794 and 50% of @entity526 strains were inhibited at 20 and 60   g  ml(-1) of SR, respectively. Among the tested fungi, 60% of A. @entity3456 and A. fumigatus were inhibited at 40 and 80   g  ml(-1), respectively. MFCs were 60 and 80   g  ml(-1) for A. flavus and F. solani, respectively. Antibacterial activities of all antibiotics were significantly increased (p   <   0.001) with the addition of SR 100   g  ml(-1) against all tested bacteria. CONCLUSION: Combination study revealed that SR had significantly increased the activity of antibiotics, and some previously resistant strains were made susceptible. Thus antidepressants are potential sources of resistance modifying agents when used in combination.

title: XXXX enhances the activity of antimicrobial agents against pathogens of clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['Sertraline', 'sertraline']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['Sertraline']


abstract: Beta-adrenergic blockers (BB) were developed to treat @entity951 . Trials of BB with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) setting were highly successful in the pre-thrombolytic @entity7971 . Subsequently BB proved to be beneficial in post-thrombolytic @entity583 in long-term use. In stable @entity951 BB gives good symptomatic relief primarily by reducing myocardial @entity26 demand. In the set-up of unstable @entity951 /non-ST elevation @entity583 they prevent @entity943 and progression to ST elevation @entity583 . BB have also been shown to retard the progression of @entity731 . In @entity712 ( @entity712 ) they are now the first-line drugs with ACE inhibitors to impart prognostic benefit. Their role in improving outcome of cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries has found good evidence and recommendation. But in the field where BB have scored maximally, ie, in @entity101 , their role is recently debated. But the unchallenged fact remains that in presence of any form of @entity453 , BB are the most preferred class of drugs to treat @entity101 .

title: Beta blockers in @entity453 with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure', 'CCF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Beta-adrenergic blockers (BB) were developed to treat @entity951 . Trials of BB with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) setting were highly successful in the pre-thrombolytic @entity7971 . Subsequently BB proved to be beneficial in post-thrombolytic @entity583 in long-term use. In stable @entity951 BB gives good symptomatic relief primarily by reducing myocardial @entity26 demand. In the set-up of unstable @entity951 /non-ST elevation @entity583 they prevent @entity943 and progression to ST elevation @entity583 . BB have also been shown to retard the progression of @entity731 . In @entity712 ( @entity712 ) they are now the first-line drugs with ACE inhibitors to impart prognostic benefit. Their role in improving outcome of cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries has found good evidence and recommendation. But in the field where BB have scored maximally, ie, in @entity101 , their role is recently debated. But the unchallenged fact remains that in presence of any form of @entity453 , BB are the most preferred class of drugs to treat @entity101 .

title: Beta blockers in XXXX with and without @entity101 .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: An association between urate @entity210 and @entity4850 has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of @entity1 studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between @entity210 and @entity2738 . 138 @entity1 with @entity210 and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 @entity1 with @entity210 (5.8%), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P less than 0.025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 @entity1 gave a history of acute @entity603 of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of 8 @entity1 showed evidence of @entity4850 elsewhere. No association was apparent between @entity4850 and the presence of tophaceous deposits or @entity8 , though the duration of @entity210 appeared to be longer in the @entity1 with @entity4850 than in the other @entity210 @entity1 and @entity571 of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other @entity209 commonly associated with @entity4850 . No cases of @entity2738 were found.

title: Frequency of @entity4850 of the knees and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads in XXXX : a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['chondrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of the femoral head']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: An association between urate @entity210 and @entity4850 has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of @entity1 studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between @entity210 and @entity2738 . 138 @entity1 with @entity210 and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 @entity1 with @entity210 (5.8%), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P less than 0.025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 @entity1 gave a history of acute @entity603 of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of 8 @entity1 showed evidence of @entity4850 elsewhere. No association was apparent between @entity4850 and the presence of tophaceous deposits or @entity8 , though the duration of @entity210 appeared to be longer in the @entity1 with @entity4850 than in the other @entity210 @entity1 and @entity571 of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other @entity209 commonly associated with @entity4850 . No cases of @entity2738 were found.

title: Frequency of XXXX of the knees and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads in @entity210 : a controlled study.

answer: @entity4850 :: (MESH:D002805,Disease) :: ['chondrocalcinosis']


abstract: @entity932 or @entity83 is rarely seen. A case of @entity705 in the right middle fossa was presented with a review of twenty-six cases reported in Japan. A 41-year-old male was admitted to Nippon Medical School hospital with five years history of @entity892 . Neurological examination revealed @entity9175 and a slight degree of @entity5768 . Craniogram showed a mottled @entity730 without definite @entity79 . EMI scan showed an irregularly shaped high density area, which was not enhanced after contrast media infusion. The bone scintigraphy employing 99mTec-MDP revealed an abnormal uptake in the right orbital region and proved to be a valuable technique for the detection of @entity705 . The @entity5 was subtotally removed by a right frontotemporal craniotomy. Histologically this @entity5 was confirmed to be @entity705 . The @entity1 was discharged about one month after operation and then returned to work.

title: [ XXXX -case report (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['right abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondroma']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral exophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial osteochondroma']


abstract: The use of gauze swabs in drains or sewers to clarify the path followed by a salmonella from source to @entity1 host has been reviewed in the light of experience gained in Cardiff over 15 years. This period has seen a marked change in attitudes to salmonella epidemiology in that infected food is now regarded as of greater importance than @entity281 . In these 15 years, butchers, abattoirs and knackers' yards, markets and bakehouses have been monitored. In the bakehouse survey the existence of staff @entity281 was demonstrated by sewage examination. Sewage investigation has also been used to show frequent entry of salmonellas into households in a residential estate. The estate was carefully chosen to exclude salmonellas from industrial sources and shops. The frequent finding of @entity281 in this sewage implies that a commonly consumed heavily infected food item is involved. The wide range of serotypes isolated suggests an animal usually fed on infected animal feed. Poultry and @entity1707 are put forward as animals liable to spread @entity5746 to @entity1 .It is hoped that clarification of the salmonella pathway may eventually lead to measures likely to prevent the transmission of @entity281 to @entity1 . It is also suggested that swabs placed in abattoir drains serve as an economical method of obtaining warning of a persistent build-up of contamination. The persistence of a serotype in an abattoir is not infrequently followed by @entity1 @entity281 .

title: Sewer and drain swabbing as a means of investigating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infected food handlers']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['salmonellosis']


abstract: This study has analyzed the relationships between the Type A, or coronary-prone, behavior pattern and several physiological, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics and also has tested whether an increase in @entity4207 demands was associated with an increase in students' Type A scores. The Type A behavior pattern, as assessed by the Type A score of the Jenkins Activity Survey, was not related to average blood pressure, variability in blood pressure over a nine-week period, or increases in blood pressure following weeks when the respondent's normal life routine had been disrupted. Students who were more Type A spent more time studying or in classes. Type A students also had higher grade point averages. In contrast, Type A students were not more successful in relationships with the opposite sex nor in social relationships generally. Thus, the Type A behavior pattern appears to contribute to career success, which has traditionally been emphasized for @entity1 , but not to social success of the type that has traditionally been emphasized for @entity1 . Type A @entity1 recalled their fathers as having been more severe, having punished them more often physically, and having made them feel resentful rather than guilty when punished. Type A @entity1 recalled their mothers as having punished them more often physically. These parental behaviors may contribute to the development of anger and @entity146 , which are important components of the Type A behavior pattern. For the students who showed a large change in Type A scores between the beginning and the end of the @entity4207 semester, Type A scores increased at the end of the semester. Students with greater evidence of @entity4207 pressure showed more increase in Type A scores.

title: Type A behavior pattern: relationship to variation in blood pressure, parental characteristics, and XXXX and social activities of students.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: In a prospective, randomised study 40 primigravidae were treated intracervically with 0.05 mg or 0.1 mg @entity6002 -Tylose gel in order to soften the cervix prior to first trimester termination of pregnancy. Curettage was performed on the average 7.5 hours after prostaglandin administration. For objective demonstration of the priming effect, the force required for dilatation of the cervical canal was measured in Newtons by a special tonometer before @entity3009 application and before operation. The maximal dilatability with a force of 10 N, the increase in dilatability after local PG application, and the patency of the cervix were measured. The occurrence of PG-induced lower @entity490 associated with contractions was analysed with regard to the number of episodes at @entity158 , their timing and the required amount of analgesics. A modified visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the subjective @entity158 experience. The abortive effect of 0.1 mg @entity6002 was found to be more efficient than the 0.05 mg dose. There was no statistical significant difference between the two doses, however, for the priming effect detectable with the tonometer. The subjective experience of @entity158 , use of analgesics and the frequency of gastrointestinal side effects were significantly higher with 0.1 mg than with 0.05 mg @entity6002 . The visual analogue scale allows the @entity1 to quantify, at least to some extent, her experience of @entity158 , and enables a differentiated analgetic therapy. Because of its effectiveness and low rate of side effects, the intracervical application of 0.05 mg @entity6002 gel promises to be an advantageous alternative to other methods of cervical priming.

title: [Cervix priming in induced abortion in the 1st trimester using intracervical administration of XXXX gel].

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulprostone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity6002 :: (MESH:C016767,Chemical) :: ['sulprostone']


abstract: Direct measurements of coronary venous outflow in a right-heart bypass preparation were used to study the critical closing (CC) and critical @entity1538 (CO) phenomena in the anesthetized @entity235 heart. Arterial pressure was lowered rapidly by @entity548 , and CC pressure was the pressure at which coronary flow stopped completely. Shed blood was returned immediately or after 3 min of @entity63 . The pressure at which coronary flow resumed (CO pressure) was measured. Coronary flow stopped at a mean aortic pressure of 14.3 mmHg. Vasodilator drugs and @entity63 lowered CC pressure to 10.5 and 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Aortic pressure of 47.3 mmHg was needed to resume coronary flow following perfusion arrest. A brief period of @entity63 did not significantly change the CO pressure. These results confirm the presence of CC phenomenon in @entity235 heart and show that CC pressure can be altered by @entity63 or vasodilators. It is suggested that the high value of CO pressure may be responsible for @entity296 associated with @entity63 @entity1167 during open-heart surgery.

title: Critical closing and critical XXXX phenomena in the coronary vasculature of the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['opening']


abstract: Direct measurements of coronary venous outflow in a right-heart bypass preparation were used to study the critical closing (CC) and critical @entity1538 (CO) phenomena in the anesthetized @entity235 heart. Arterial pressure was lowered rapidly by @entity548 , and CC pressure was the pressure at which coronary flow stopped completely. Shed blood was returned immediately or after 3 min of @entity63 . The pressure at which coronary flow resumed (CO pressure) was measured. Coronary flow stopped at a mean aortic pressure of 14.3 mmHg. Vasodilator drugs and @entity63 lowered CC pressure to 10.5 and 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Aortic pressure of 47.3 mmHg was needed to resume coronary flow following perfusion arrest. A brief period of @entity63 did not significantly change the CO pressure. These results confirm the presence of CC phenomenon in @entity235 heart and show that CC pressure can be altered by @entity63 or vasodilators. It is suggested that the high value of CO pressure may be responsible for @entity296 associated with @entity63 @entity1167 during open-heart surgery.

title: Critical closing and critical @entity1538 phenomena in the coronary vasculature of the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic @entity1219 , @entity969 , @entity413 , @entity1133 , or isotonic @entity1219 solution on thirst and plasma @entity5463 concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious @entity235 . The changes in osmolality and @entity1372 concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. @entity4372 @entity1219 and @entity969 stimulated drinking in all @entity235 and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic @entity413 , @entity1133 , or isotonic @entity1219 failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and @entity1372 concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma @entity1372 was increased by hypertonic @entity1219 , decreased by @entity969 and @entity413 , and not changed by @entity1133 . Isotonic @entity1219 had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a @entity1372 or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral @entity1372 receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results.

title: Thirst and vasopressin release in the XXXX : an osmoreceptor or @entity1372 receptor mechanism?

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']