abstract: PURPOSE: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has become a viable option for the treatment of select @entity1 with primary @entity4145 with success rates similar to those of open surgery. However, little has been written on the application of this technique for secondary @entity4145 . We report the largest series of secondary @entity4145 managed by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 1994 and March 2001, 36 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for secondary @entity4145 . The @entity1 had undergone an average of 1.3 ureteropelvic junction procedures (range 1 to 4) prior to presentation, including cutting balloon retrograde endopyelotomy in 28, antegrade endoscopic endopyelotomy in 7, retrograde endoscopic endopyelotomy in 4, @entity384 in 4 and open pyeloplasty in 3. A preoperative diagnosis of recurrent obstruction was confirmed by renal scan in 31 cases, retrograde pyelography in 2 and computerized tomography in 3. Of the 31 @entity1 who underwent spiral computerized tomography angiogram 87% had crossing vessels. Laparoscopic repair comprised dismembered pyeloplasty in 31 cases, Fengerplasty in 3 and flap repair in 2. Postoperative renal scan or excretory urography objective followup was available for all @entity1 at a mean of 10 months (range 3 to 40). Postoperative subjective @entity1 well-being was assessed using an analog @entity158 scale at a mean followup of 21.8 months (range 3 to 85). RESULTS: Average operative time was 6.2 hours (range 2.7 to 10). Average hospital stay was 2.9 days (range 1 to 7). One @entity3816 occurred, that is bleeding necessitating conversion to an open procedure. @entity260 occurred in 8 cases, including @entity834 in 4, and @entity293 , @entity55 , @entity891 , @entity221 , @entity425 and stone formation 2 months postoperatively in 1 each. On excretory urography, @entity1483 renal scan or the Whitaker test 32 of 36 @entity1 (89%) had a widely patent ureteropelvic junction. Two @entity1 (5.5%) had equivocal radiographic studies but were asymptomatic. In 2 @entity1 the ureteropelvic junction was obstructed by renal scan. One @entity1 had an indwelling stent for renal function deterioration and 1 was asymptomatic. Hence, 34 of the 36 @entity1 (94%) had a reasonable objective response. Overall a 50% or greater decrease in @entity158 was seen in 32 of 36 @entity1 (89%). In the 4 @entity1 with a less than 50% decrease in @entity158 objective renal scans showed an open ureteropelvic junction. As such, the overall success rate of a greater than 50% decrease in @entity158 , a patent ureteropelvic junction and stable or improved function of the affected renal unit was 83% (30 of 36 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: For secondary @entity4145 , laparoscopic pyeloplasty can be performed safely with a success rate comparable to that of standard open pyeloplasty. The @entity1 benefits of laparoscopic ureteropelvic junction repair of secondary @entity4145 are similar to the benefits of laparoscopic repair of primary @entity4145 .

title: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral upper extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: Nine @entity1 with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) were treated by a portal systemic shunt. One had @entity715 of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and another had @entity6323 (IVC). All other @entity1 had a marked stenosis of the retrohepatic IVC with caval pressure ranging from 12 to 24 mmHg (mean: 17 mmHg). Seven @entity1 had an interposition mesocaval shunt using an autologous jugular vein. The @entity1 with a thrombosed SMV had a portoatrial shunt. The @entity1 with an obstructed IVC had a cavoatrial shunt after an erroneous portacaval shunt had failed to relieve @entity843 . There were no operative deaths and no major @entity260 . One @entity1 died 19 months after operation of acute @entity1778 complicating @entity6582 rubra vera. All other @entity1 were alive and well 8 months to 6 years after operation. None of them had @entity75 . These results suggest several comments: Portal systemic shunts are a good treatment for @entity3181 and have a low operative risk. The mesocaval shunt is an efficient procedure, even when there is stenosis of the IVC with high caval pressure; shunts to the right atrium should be performed only in the case of complete obstruction or inaccessibility of the IVC. The long-term prognosis is excellent, except in @entity1 with potential @entity5 . Therefore, portal systemic shunts should be indicated early in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3181 .

title: Results of portal systemic shunts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: The optimum surgical procedure for treatment of @entity1498 in the neonatal period remains controversial. To assess immediate and long-term results of using primarily the subclavian flap angioplasty procedure (SFA), we reviewed our initial 5-year experience. The average follow-up was 6 years. From 1977 to 1981, 25 @entity1 under 3 months of age (1 to 86 days, mean 21) required emergency surgery for repair of @entity1498 . Three groups of @entity1 were identified. Group I consisted of 10 @entity1 with or without @entity2461 . In group II, 10 @entity1 had @entity1498 association with one or multiple @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) without other @entity154 . In group III, 5 @entity1 had @entity1498 associated with more complex congenital @entity299 . Twenty-three SFAs and two patch aortoplasties were performed. No @entity1 with isolated @entity1757 was banded. All @entity1 except one in group III with an associated @entity473 survived initial hospitalizations. Four late @entity204 occurred, all in @entity1 with associated complex @entity299 . There were three recurrent coarctations requiring surgery or balloon angioplasty (12%)--one in each group, with a total rate of 0.77 recurrences per 100 @entity1 -months. SFA for @entity1498 in the neonatal period is a safe and effective operation with a low initial mortality (4%, 0-19%, 70% confidence limits) well tolerated in this group of ill @entity1 . Long-term outcome is primarily related to the presence of associated complex @entity154 . @entity1 with @entity1757 associated with @entity1498 did not require pulmonary artery banding unless primary intracardiac repair was not feasible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Repair of XXXX in the first three months of life: immediate and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'heart lesions']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate pregnancy outcomes in @entity1 after abdominal radical trachelectomy (RT) for @entity5 . METHODS: The @entity1 ' background, fertility, and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed in a total of 61 pregnancies in 48 of 172 @entity1 who underwent abdominal RT at Keio University Hospital between September 2002 and December 2013. RESULTS: There were 5 @entity1 with stage @entity9216 , 2 with stage @entity9217 , and 41 with stage @entity3846 . Histological types were as follows: @entity957 (n = 36), @entity420 (n = 10), and @entity1358 (n = 2). The pregnancy rate of @entity1 attempting to conceive after abdominal RT was 44% (48/109). The mean    SD duration from abdominal RT to conception was 3.1    1.9 years. Of 61 pregnancies, 42 pregnancies were achieved by fertility treatment (in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, 39; intrauterine insemination, 3). After excluding one pregnancy without detailed clinical information, there were 42 live births (5 in 22-27 weeks, 11 in 28-33weeks, 20 in 34-36 weeks, and 6 in 37-38 weeks), 13 miscarriages, and 5 ongoing pregnancies. While there were 10 first trimester miscarriages, 3 pregnancies ended in the second trimester owing to @entity5870 . The mean gestational age at birth was 33 weeks of pregnancy. Thirty-seven neonates were appropriate-for-date, and one was small-for-date. Six pregnancies exhibited @entity548 from the residual cervix in the late pregnancy. Preterm birth less than 34 weeks of pregnancy was related to premature rupture of the membrane (P < 0.05). @entity5870 was evident in 9 of 11 pregnancies with preterm premature rupture of the membrane followed by birth at less than 34 weeks of pregnancy. No parturients exhibited lochiometra and @entity7288 . CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal RT provided favorable pregnancy outcomes, and fertility treatment could be advantageous to conception. Massive @entity548 from the residual cervix as well as ascending infection might be characteristic features during pregnancy after abdominal RT.

title: Pregnancy Outcomes After Abdominal Radical Trachelectomy for Early-Stage Cervical XXXX : A 13-Year Experience in a Single Tertiary-Care Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis postpartum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['Chorioamnionitis', 'chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: AIM: In Japan, @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is still rare, but the number of @entity1 with @entity1151 has been steadily increasing. It is important for early diagnosis and early management of @entity1151 to recognize epidemiological characteristics of this condition. METHODS: We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of 252 @entity1 with @entity1151 who were admitted to our institutions between 1975 and 2001. @entity1151 was more prevalent in @entity1 that in @entity1 . It was observed the most in the age group between 50s to 70s, especially in @entity1 . Many @entity1 had prolonged immobilization, recent major operation, @entity28 , or @entity5 , as risk factors for @entity1211 . One hundred and thirty-eight @entity1 developed @entity1151 in hospital; 60 @entity1 were in Department of Internal Medicine, 28 in General Surgery, 15 in Orthopedics, 15 in Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 20 in other services. RESULTS: Among 58 @entity1 with @entity5 , 43% had @entity5 in digestive organs, 21% in gynecological, and 17% in urological. Among 61 @entity1 who were examined for the presence of @entity49 , 13 @entity1 had inherited @entity49 (8 @entity7131 , 4 @entity4889 , and 1 @entity10647 ) 11 had antiphospholipid antibodies which indicated @entity49 . Five out of the above 61 @entity1 (8%) had no obvious risk factors including @entity49 . CONCLUSION: The findings in our @entity1 were almost the same as those in Western @entity1 , except for some points. These results might be useful to establish a preventive approach for @entity1151 in Japan.

title: Epidemiological characteristics of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary thromboembolism', 'APTE']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['antithrombin III deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: This study used a prospectively managed clinical database in order to identify 1470 @entity1 with @entity1820 receiving protracted venous infusion (PVI) @entity1487 (5FU). It aimed to determine the time course of @entity137 due to PVI 5FU and to analyse factors predicting @entity137 . The initial development of @entity3136 occurred more rapidly than @entity294 or @entity31339 ( @entity31339 ). The percentage of @entity1 with National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 2 or worse @entity31339 peaked at 9% between weeks 8 and 17, whereas this peak occurred earlier for @entity3136 and @entity294 . The development of CTC grade 1 @entity137 in the first 28 days after commencement of chemotherapy was classified as early grade 1 @entity137 . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female sex, better performance status, elevated @entity648 , early grade 1 @entity31339 and early grade 1 @entity294 were independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity31339 (P<0.01). Female sex, increased age, elevated @entity493 transaminase and urea and early grade 1 @entity31339 were significant independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity3136 (P<0.01). Early CTC grade 1 @entity294 predicted CTC grade 2 or worse @entity294 (P<0.01). Older, female @entity1 with good performance status and impaired liver and renal function who develop early grade 1 @entity31339 alone or in combination with @entity294 are at highest risk of subsequently developing grade 2 or worse @entity31339 or @entity3136 during treatment with PVI 5FU. Reduction of infused 5FU dose should be considered for these @entity1 . Such an approach could both reduce severe @entity137 owing to chemotherapy and minimise treatment delays, and should be evaluated prospectively.

title: Analysis of the time course and prognostic factors determining XXXX due to infused @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity31339 :: ('MESH:C565041', 'Disease') :: ['PPE', 'palmar plantar erythema']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: This study used a prospectively managed clinical database in order to identify 1470 @entity1 with @entity1820 receiving protracted venous infusion (PVI) @entity1487 (5FU). It aimed to determine the time course of @entity137 due to PVI 5FU and to analyse factors predicting @entity137 . The initial development of @entity3136 occurred more rapidly than @entity294 or @entity31339 ( @entity31339 ). The percentage of @entity1 with National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 2 or worse @entity31339 peaked at 9% between weeks 8 and 17, whereas this peak occurred earlier for @entity3136 and @entity294 . The development of CTC grade 1 @entity137 in the first 28 days after commencement of chemotherapy was classified as early grade 1 @entity137 . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female sex, better performance status, elevated @entity648 , early grade 1 @entity31339 and early grade 1 @entity294 were independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity31339 (P<0.01). Female sex, increased age, elevated @entity493 transaminase and urea and early grade 1 @entity31339 were significant independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity3136 (P<0.01). Early CTC grade 1 @entity294 predicted CTC grade 2 or worse @entity294 (P<0.01). Older, female @entity1 with good performance status and impaired liver and renal function who develop early grade 1 @entity31339 alone or in combination with @entity294 are at highest risk of subsequently developing grade 2 or worse @entity31339 or @entity3136 during treatment with PVI 5FU. Reduction of infused 5FU dose should be considered for these @entity1 . Such an approach could both reduce severe @entity137 owing to chemotherapy and minimise treatment delays, and should be evaluated prospectively.

title: Analysis of the time course and prognostic factors determining @entity137 due to infused XXXX .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations in @entity1 @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) with respect to microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC), @entity32 (IAI), microbial-associated IAI, histological @entity5870 , and short-term neonatal morbidity. METHODS: One hundred forty-five @entity1 with singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and were assayed for @entity1421 concentrations by ELISA. IAI was defined as amniotic fluid @entity650 > 745 pg/mL. Microbial-associated IAI was defined as the presence of both MIAC and IAI. RESULT: No differences in @entity1421 concentrations were found between @entity1 with and without MIAC (p=0.27). @entity1 with IAI (p=0.0008) and microbial-associated IAI (p=0.01) had higher @entity1421 concentrations than @entity1 without these complications. @entity1 with histological @entity5870 had higher @entity1421 concentrations only in crude analysis (p=0.02), but not after adjustment for gestational age at sampling (p=0.10). No associations between amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations and the selected conditions of severe neonatal morbidity were found. CONCLUSIONS: The intraamniotic inflammatory response either to infectious or to non-infectious stimulus, but not microbial invasion of the @entity2907 per se, seems to be a main factor associated with the elevation of the amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity13493 .

title: Amniotic fluid @entity1421 in pregnancies complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraamniotic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic cavity']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['PPROM', 'preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes']

answer: @entity13493 :: (MESH:C563032,Disease) :: ['preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations in @entity1 @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) with respect to microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC), @entity32 (IAI), microbial-associated IAI, histological @entity5870 , and short-term neonatal morbidity. METHODS: One hundred forty-five @entity1 with singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis and were assayed for @entity1421 concentrations by ELISA. IAI was defined as amniotic fluid @entity650 > 745 pg/mL. Microbial-associated IAI was defined as the presence of both MIAC and IAI. RESULT: No differences in @entity1421 concentrations were found between @entity1 with and without MIAC (p=0.27). @entity1 with IAI (p=0.0008) and microbial-associated IAI (p=0.01) had higher @entity1421 concentrations than @entity1 without these complications. @entity1 with histological @entity5870 had higher @entity1421 concentrations only in crude analysis (p=0.02), but not after adjustment for gestational age at sampling (p=0.10). No associations between amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations and the selected conditions of severe neonatal morbidity were found. CONCLUSIONS: The intraamniotic inflammatory response either to infectious or to non-infectious stimulus, but not microbial invasion of the @entity2907 per se, seems to be a main factor associated with the elevation of the amniotic fluid @entity1421 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity13493 .

title: Amniotic fluid XXXX in pregnancies complicated by @entity13493 .

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The fascia iliaca compartment block provides a faster and more consistent simultaneous blockade of the lateral cutaneous and femoral nerves than the "3 in 1" block. We studied the effectiveness of this technique for @entity1337 after a femoral @entity174 in pre-hospital care. METHODS: @entity1 with an isolated femoral shaft @entity174 were included. A fascia iliaca compartment block was performed on all of them. Twenty milliliters of @entity3303 1.5 % with @entity1425 were injected under the fascia iliaca. The intensity of @entity158 was measured using a simplified verbal scale (SVS) from 0 (no @entity158 ) to 4 (extreme @entity158 ). The SVS was noted before the block was performed, 10 minutes later, and then on admission to the @entity130 care center. Sensory blockade was evaluated using cold perception in the lateral, medial, and internal part of the thigh 10 minutes after block performance and on arrival at the @entity130 care center. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in this study. The SVS was 3 (3-4) before the block, 1 (0-2) 10 minutes after the block, and 0 (0-1) when arriving at the @entity130 care center (P <.05). The SVS was lower when the internal part of the thigh was blocked. CONCLUSION: The fascia iliaca compartment block is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method of prehospital @entity1337 for femoral shaft @entity174 . A sensory block of the internal part of the thigh is an early predictive sign of @entity158 relief.

title: Fascia iliaca compartment block for femoral XXXX in prehospital care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'optimal pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['bone fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years, the release of chemical pollutants to water bodies has increased due to anthropogenic activities. @entity3411 is an essential metal that causes damage to aquatic biota at high concentrations. Phytoplankton are photosynthesizing microscopic organisms that constitute a fundamental community in aquatic environments because they are primary producers that sustain the aquatic food web. @entity3406 @entity137 has not been characterized in all of the affected levels of biological organization. For this reason, the present study evaluated the toxic effects of @entity3406 on the growth of a primary producer, the green microalga Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and on its biochemical, enzymatic, and structural levels. The IC50 (96h) was determined for @entity3411 . Based on this result, five concentrations were determined for additional tests, in which cell density was evaluated daily. At the end of the assay, pigments and six biomarkers, including antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], @entity2041 peroxidase [GPx], @entity224 dismutase [SOD]), and macromolecules (proteins, @entity3363 and lipids), were quantified; the integrated biomarker response (IBR) was determined also. The microalgae were observed by SEM and TEM. Population growth was affected starting at 7.5 gL(-1) (0.028 M), and at 120 gL(-1) (0.450 M), growth was inhibited completely; the determined IC50 was 17 gL(-1). Exposure to @entity3406 reduced the concentration of pigments, decreased the content of all of the macromolecules, inhibited of SOD activity, and increased CAT and GPx activities. The IBR revealed that @entity3411 increased the antioxidant response and diminished the macromolecules concentration. A. falcatus was affected by @entity3406 at very low concentrations; negative effects were observed at the macromolecular, enzymatic, cytoplasmic, and morphological levels, as well as in population growth. @entity3411 @entity137 could result in environmental impacts with consequences on the entire aquatic community. Current regulations should be revised to protect primary producers.

title: XXXX has biochemical, physiological, and structural effects on the green microalga Ankistrodesmus falcatus: An integrative study.

entities_list: @entity3406 :: ('MESH:D009532', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel', 'Nickel']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity3406 :: (MESH:D009532,Chemical) :: ['Nickel']


abstract: A simple, specific, and rapid confirmatory method for determining 12 @entity11682 ( @entity16324 ) antibacterials in @entity291 liver and kidney is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with an electrospray ion source. The method was tailored for use with both single-quadrupole MS (I) and @entity15 (II) instruments. After acidification and filtration of the aqueous extract, a 250-microL aliquot was injected into instrument I while only 25 microL was analyzed by instrument II. With instrument I MS data acquisition was performed in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, selecting at least three ions for each target compound. With instrument II the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with three fragmentation reactions for each compound was chosen. With the exception of @entity29407 (SQX), recovery of the analytes at the 50 ppb level in both liver and kidney was 72-96% with @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) ranging between 3 and 11%. The very poor recovery of SQX was due to its rapid enzymatic oxidation when in contact with the two tissues. With instrument I, limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) were 5-14 ppb of @entity16324 . Even lower LOQs (1-8 ppb) were estimated by using instrument II, even though the extract volume analyzed was ten times lower than that with instrument I. With both matrices and using instrument I, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity16324 when trying to fractionate analytes by using a short chromatographic run time. This effect was traced to polar endogenous co-extractives eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run that interfered with gas-phase ion formation for @entity16324 . Adopting more selective chromatographic conditions minimized this effect.

title: Confirmatory analysis of @entity11682 antibacterials in XXXX liver and kidney: extraction with hot water and liquid chromatography coupled to a single- or triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer.

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['relative standard deviations', 'RSDs']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity29407 :: ('MESH:D013428', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfaquinoxaline']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['triple-quadrupole MS']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A simple, specific, and rapid confirmatory method for determining 12 @entity11682 ( @entity16324 ) antibacterials in @entity291 liver and kidney is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with an electrospray ion source. The method was tailored for use with both single-quadrupole MS (I) and @entity15 (II) instruments. After acidification and filtration of the aqueous extract, a 250-microL aliquot was injected into instrument I while only 25 microL was analyzed by instrument II. With instrument I MS data acquisition was performed in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, selecting at least three ions for each target compound. With instrument II the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with three fragmentation reactions for each compound was chosen. With the exception of @entity29407 (SQX), recovery of the analytes at the 50 ppb level in both liver and kidney was 72-96% with @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) ranging between 3 and 11%. The very poor recovery of SQX was due to its rapid enzymatic oxidation when in contact with the two tissues. With instrument I, limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) were 5-14 ppb of @entity16324 . Even lower LOQs (1-8 ppb) were estimated by using instrument II, even though the extract volume analyzed was ten times lower than that with instrument I. With both matrices and using instrument I, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity16324 when trying to fractionate analytes by using a short chromatographic run time. This effect was traced to polar endogenous co-extractives eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run that interfered with gas-phase ion formation for @entity16324 . Adopting more selective chromatographic conditions minimized this effect.

title: Confirmatory analysis of XXXX antibacterials in @entity291 liver and kidney: extraction with hot water and liquid chromatography coupled to a single- or triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer.

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: B-cell @entity1074 is a well-recognized entity and its characterization as low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) @entity706 has been widely accepted. In the present study we reviewed a series of 95 surgical specimens of primary @entity6595 selected between 1979 and 1998. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity876 , @entity588 , and Ki67 and @entity1534 (Hp) infection was evaluated, along with a correlation with clinical outcome. METHODS: A morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis, including @entity876 , @entity588 , and Ki67 expression, was carried out in all cases. A complete follow-up was obtained in 49 @entity1 and in these cases a survival analysis was performed. RESULTS: @entity588 protein was highly expressed in 25 of 25 assessed @entity5 and in 20 of 24 assessed @entity5 . @entity876 protein was expressed in 13 of 25 assessed @entity5 and in 21 of 24 assessed @entity5 . High proliferation rate as expressed by Ki67 was detected in 15 of 25 assessed @entity5 and in 23 of 24 assessed @entity5 . @entity13639 was detected in 11 of 16 assessed @entity5 and 2 of 10 assessed @entity5 . Median survival rates were 72 months for @entity5 and 24 months for @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: A significant inverse relationship between @entity13639 and histological grade was found. High @entity876 expression and high-proliferation rate correlated with @entity5 . However, a correlation between @entity876 , @entity588 , and Ki67 expression with clinical outcome was not found.

title: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of surgically treated primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HG tumors', 'LG tumors']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Hp infection']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric MALT lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lesion patterns may predict prognosis after acute @entity385 within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory; yet it remains unclear whether such imaging prognostic factors are related to @entity1 outcome after intravenous thrombolysis. AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in acute MCA @entity385 with respect to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion patterns. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 cases of the MCA territory treated over a 7-year period were retrospectively analyzed. All acute @entity2500 @entity1 underwent a MRI scan before intravenous thrombolytic therapy was included. DWI lesions were divided into 6 patterns (territorial, other cortical, small superficial, internal border zone, small deep, and other @entity1188 ). Lesion volumes were measured by dedicated imaging processing software. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 0-2 at 90 days. RESULTS: Among the 172 @entity1 included in our study, 75 (43.6%) were observed to have territorial @entity1188 patterns or other deep @entity1188 patterns. These @entity1 also had higher baseline NIHSS score (p < 0.001), a higher proportion of large cerebral @entity432 (p < 0.001) and larger @entity1188 volume (p < 0.001). Favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) was achieved in 89 @entity1 (51.7%). After multivariable analysis, groups with specific lesion patterns, including territorial @entity1188 and other deep @entity1188 pattern, were independently associated with favorable outcome (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.99; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Specific lesion patterns predict differential outcome after intravenous thrombolysis therapy in acute @entity2500 @entity1 .

title: DWI Lesion Patterns Predict Outcome in Stroke XXXX with Thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['deep infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Specialized @entity5 services for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are being developed in a number of countries to address the particular needs of this population. However, the evidence base to inform service design and associated care delivery is inadequate. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to undertake a mapping study to identify the main components of @entity5 care to be studied further to reflect the range of approaches to service delivery currently provided in England. METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted with young @entity1 , their family members, and staff in 11 AYA principal treatment centers. Using different levels of extraction, these data were drawn together to illuminate the main components of @entity5 care and the range of approaches to service delivery. RESULTS: Young @entity1 , family members, and staff consistently identified and valued similar areas of @entity5 care: caring and supportive staff, activities designed for AYAs, and an environment that feels like home. CONCLUSION: The mapping exercise successfully informed the selection of 4 sites for an in-depth case study. The main components of specialized AYA care have been described. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This description can assist clinical teams interested in developing or refining their approach to @entity5 care. It could also offer a way to agree priorities, based on the key components young @entity1 consider as being essential for their care, and facilitate services to benchmark against these key components, and it could also go some way to address international AYA goals to support global change to reduce the current disparities in care.

title: Mapping Adolescent Cancer Services: How Do Young XXXX , Their Families, and Staff Describe Specialized Cancer Care in England?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'AYA cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3124 @entity1 appear to be at high risk of developing @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 during their stay in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). However, little is known about the clinical course of @entity1211 in the @entity1213 setting. We therefore evaluated, through a systematic review of the literature, the available data on the impact of a diagnosis of @entity1150 on hospital and @entity1213 stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . We also tried to determine whether currently adopted prophylactic measures need to be revised and improved in the @entity1213 setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to week 4 of June 2012. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Pooled results are reported as relative risks and weighted mean differences and are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Seven studies for a total of 1,783 @entity1 were included. A diagnosis of @entity1150 was frequent in these @entity1 with a mean rate of 12.7% (95% CI: 8.7-17.5%). @entity1150 @entity1 had longer @entity1213 and hospital stays compared to those without @entity1150 (7.28 days; 95% CI: 1.4-13.15; and 11.2 days; 95% CI: 3.82-18.63 days, respectively). The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly increased in @entity1150 @entity1 (weighted mean difference: 4.85 days; 95% CI: 2.07-7.63). @entity1150 @entity1 had a marginally significant increase in the risk of hospital mortality (relative risk 1.31; 95% CI: 0.99-1.74; p=0.06), and a not statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity1213 mortality ( @entity4736 .64; 95% CI: 0.91-2.93; p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity1150 upon @entity1213 admission appears to affect clinically important outcomes including duration of @entity1213 and hospital stay and hospital mortality. Larger, prospective studies are warranted.

title: The impact of @entity1150 in XXXX @entity1 : a meta-analysis of major clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3124 @entity1 appear to be at high risk of developing @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 during their stay in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). However, little is known about the clinical course of @entity1211 in the @entity1213 setting. We therefore evaluated, through a systematic review of the literature, the available data on the impact of a diagnosis of @entity1150 on hospital and @entity1213 stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . We also tried to determine whether currently adopted prophylactic measures need to be revised and improved in the @entity1213 setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to week 4 of June 2012. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Pooled results are reported as relative risks and weighted mean differences and are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Seven studies for a total of 1,783 @entity1 were included. A diagnosis of @entity1150 was frequent in these @entity1 with a mean rate of 12.7% (95% CI: 8.7-17.5%). @entity1150 @entity1 had longer @entity1213 and hospital stays compared to those without @entity1150 (7.28 days; 95% CI: 1.4-13.15; and 11.2 days; 95% CI: 3.82-18.63 days, respectively). The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly increased in @entity1150 @entity1 (weighted mean difference: 4.85 days; 95% CI: 2.07-7.63). @entity1150 @entity1 had a marginally significant increase in the risk of hospital mortality (relative risk 1.31; 95% CI: 0.99-1.74; p=0.06), and a not statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity1213 mortality ( @entity4736 .64; 95% CI: 0.91-2.93; p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity1150 upon @entity1213 admission appears to affect clinically important outcomes including duration of @entity1213 and hospital stay and hospital mortality. Larger, prospective studies are warranted.

title: The impact of XXXX in @entity3124 @entity1 : a meta-analysis of major clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3124 @entity1 appear to be at high risk of developing @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and @entity1151 during their stay in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). However, little is known about the clinical course of @entity1211 in the @entity1213 setting. We therefore evaluated, through a systematic review of the literature, the available data on the impact of a diagnosis of @entity1150 on hospital and @entity1213 stay, duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . We also tried to determine whether currently adopted prophylactic measures need to be revised and improved in the @entity1213 setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to week 4 of June 2012. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data. Pooled results are reported as relative risks and weighted mean differences and are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Seven studies for a total of 1,783 @entity1 were included. A diagnosis of @entity1150 was frequent in these @entity1 with a mean rate of 12.7% (95% CI: 8.7-17.5%). @entity1150 @entity1 had longer @entity1213 and hospital stays compared to those without @entity1150 (7.28 days; 95% CI: 1.4-13.15; and 11.2 days; 95% CI: 3.82-18.63 days, respectively). The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly increased in @entity1150 @entity1 (weighted mean difference: 4.85 days; 95% CI: 2.07-7.63). @entity1150 @entity1 had a marginally significant increase in the risk of hospital mortality (relative risk 1.31; 95% CI: 0.99-1.74; p=0.06), and a not statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity1213 mortality ( @entity4736 .64; 95% CI: 0.91-2.93; p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: A diagnosis of @entity1150 upon @entity1213 admission appears to affect clinically important outcomes including duration of @entity1213 and hospital stay and hospital mortality. Larger, prospective studies are warranted.

title: The impact of @entity1150 in @entity3124 XXXX : a meta-analysis of major clinical outcomes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Regular intake of @entity167 is associated with elevated levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL). Opinions differ, however, on the HDL subfraction which is preferentially influenced by @entity167 . In the present study we measured the HDL subfraction lipid and protein concentrations and postheparin plasma lipase activities in chronic @entity167 users immediately after cessation of drinking and sequentially during one week of total abstention. The @entity9477 mass concentration decreased significantly already during two abstinent days the decline continuing until the 8th day. At this time the mean @entity9477 concentration had decreased by 38% from the initial value (P less than 0.05). The @entity9477 @entity165 , phospholipid and protein concentrations decreased in approximately similar proportions, whereas the @entity9477 @entity412 increased by 40%. The @entity9478 mass concentration decreased by 13% but this change was not significant. Also in @entity9478 the @entity165 , phospholipid and protein contents decreased to a similar extent but the @entity412 content rose. The postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity decreased by 41% and the @entity5705 by 37% during the abstention. It is concluded that in chronic alcoholics @entity9477 accounts for the major part of the increase in HDL.

title: Rapid decrease in high density lipoprotein subfractions and postheparin plasma lipase activities after cessation of chronic XXXX intake.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Adherence of @entity1 with chronic conditions to their treatment is generally low. However, poor medication adherence or persistence reduces therapeutic effectiveness and increases morbidity and health care costs. This is also the case for anti- @entity3604 treatments that, in order to be effective, must be taken correctly, regularly and long-term. The community pharmacist can play an important role in encouraging long-term adherence to antiosteoporotic treatments. To promote adherence, it is essential, from the beginning, to give to the @entity1 the information needed for a good understanding and a proper course of treatment. The repeated contact between pharmacist and @entity1 creates an opportunity to regularly assess adherence. In order to improve adherence, one needs to identify the causes of non-adherence and adapt the interventions accordingly. Persistence also requires follow-up of the @entity1 . Regular reassessment of @entity1 's adherence, taking into account changes that may affect his expectations, preferences and priorities, is essential to adjust interventions to his new needs. This article suggests ways and tools to improve therapeutic adherence, particularly in @entity3604 @entity1 .

title: [How can the community pharmacist improve the adherence to anti- XXXX treatments].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genital @entity1082 ) is a common sexually transmitted @entity281 . In the first 10 years of sexual activity, point prevalence rates approach 25% and the lifetime risk of acquisition of this @entity281 may be as high as 80%. There are over 200 types of HPV, of which approximately 50 infect the genital area. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to discuss HPV detection and its role in @entity5 development. DISCUSSION: The HPV types that cause genital warts do not cause @entity5 . The subclinical types (especially types 16 and 18) are most frequently found in high grade epithelial abnormalities and therefore can potentially cause @entity5 . @entity1082 is a 'necessary but not sufficient cause for @entity5 '. Most genital @entity1083 is transient. @entity5 is actually a rare outcome of @entity1083 . However, only 5% of @entity1 in developing countries have had a Pap smear in the past five years, and worldwide approximately 250 thousand @entity1 die of this disease every year. The role of HPV DNA testing has not yet been defined, but is no doubt a potential tool for the future. Meanwhile, international vaccine trials using HPV virus-like particles are taking place, and look promising.

title: XXXX : beware the @entity281 you can't see.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital cancers', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus', 'human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genital @entity1082 ) is a common sexually transmitted @entity281 . In the first 10 years of sexual activity, point prevalence rates approach 25% and the lifetime risk of acquisition of this @entity281 may be as high as 80%. There are over 200 types of HPV, of which approximately 50 infect the genital area. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to discuss HPV detection and its role in @entity5 development. DISCUSSION: The HPV types that cause genital warts do not cause @entity5 . The subclinical types (especially types 16 and 18) are most frequently found in high grade epithelial abnormalities and therefore can potentially cause @entity5 . @entity1082 is a 'necessary but not sufficient cause for @entity5 '. Most genital @entity1083 is transient. @entity5 is actually a rare outcome of @entity1083 . However, only 5% of @entity1 in developing countries have had a Pap smear in the past five years, and worldwide approximately 250 thousand @entity1 die of this disease every year. The role of HPV DNA testing has not yet been defined, but is no doubt a potential tool for the future. Meanwhile, international vaccine trials using HPV virus-like particles are taking place, and look promising.

title: @entity1082 : beware the XXXX you can't see.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity49 is a rare but dangerous condition. We present three cases of @entity49 . All three @entity1 were females. CT scan was performed. One @entity1 had a @entity1779 in the left temporal lobe, but CT scan was normal in the last two cases. MRI later revealed that @entity49 was the diagnosis in all three cases. MRI is the examination of choice when @entity49 is suspected. The @entity1 were treated with heparin. One developed @entity1939 due to @entity1952 . One had discreet @entity73 , and the last @entity1 had no neurological sequelae after she was discharged from the hospital.

title: [ XXXX . Clinical presentation of three cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic infarct']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Cerebral venous thrombosis']


abstract: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity3296 and its relationship to socioeconomic status, knowledge, and awareness among 12-year-old school @entity1 in Quetta, Pakistan. A cross sectional study was conducted among 349 school @entity1 aged 12 years in Quetta, Pakistan. By interviewing @entity1 and questionnaire for parents, socioeconomic status, knowledge, and awareness of @entity3296 were collected. @entity3296 was examined using Dean's Index and Community @entity3296 Index. Prevalence of @entity3296 was high (63.6%) among @entity1 with a majority of moderate and mild degree at 32.1% and 27.5%, respectively. The community @entity3296 index was 1.6. While most @entity1 and parents had low-to-moderate levels of @entity3296 knowledge, the majority of them worried about @entity3296 . Most parents (84.8%) were uncertain about the condition of @entity3296 in their @entity1 , and 87.4% did not know about @entity3296 before. @entity3296 was found significantly associated with gender, family income, and parents' awareness (p  <= 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that gender, and parent's awareness significantly predicted @entity1 's @entity3296 . Knowledge and basic information regarding @entity3296 is lacking in the community. Efforts in dissemination and communication about @entity3296 should be increased in order to raise awareness and prevent the @entity3296 in Pakistan.

title: DENTAL FLUOROSIS AND ITS RELATION TO SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, PARENTS' KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS AMONG 12-YEAR-OLD SCHOOL XXXX IN QUETTA, PAKISTAN.

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['dental fluorosis', 'fluorosis', 'Fluorosis', 'Dental fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the success and failure factors with rib cartilage graft laryngotracheal reconstruction for severe @entity850 for improving the rate of successful decannulation. METHODS: Thirty-six cases with severe @entity850 , received rib cartilage graft for laryngotracheal reconstruction during the last 18 years in our hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 36 @entity1 (80.5%) were successfully decannulated after one procedure. The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 10 years. All of the 29 @entity1 had a stable airway and normal exercise tolerance. The duration of @entity5274 was 10 days to one year (average 3 months). Seven @entity1 (19.5%) failed to decannulate. The factors of failure were disturbance of local blood circulation, @entity2737 followed rib @entity39 , T-tube injured mucomembrane then became a new @entity850 , and @entity256 for @entity2318 . CONCLUSION: Laryngotracheal reconstraction with rib cartilage graft is one of effective method for severe @entity850 . The procedure is relatively simple, and shorter duration of stenting and higher rate of success. The drawbacks of this technique are @entity63 @entity39 easily occurred for isolated cartilage and required additional surgery for the donor sit. The @entity1 with @entity2318 or undertaken radiotherapy is contraindications. All the managements, appropriate selection of @entity1 , diligent postoperative care, prevented @entity2737 and using T-tube properly, may increase the rate of successful decannulation. PJP].

title: [Rib cartilage graft laryngotracheal reconstruction for severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scar constitution']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['T-tube stent']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ulinastatin (UTI) and thymosin alpha1 (Ta1) have been investigated for their immunoregulatory properties in @entity1 with severe @entity295 . However, it is unclear whether immunomodulatory therapy using @entity18274 ( @entity18274 ), UTI alone (UA), or Ta1 alone (TA) improves the disease outcome. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of @entity18274 , UA, and TA for the treatment of severe @entity295 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were investigated from inception to September 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity295 by @entity18274 , UA, and TA were defined as eligible. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3, and the RCTs were evaluated by the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. The quality of the evidence was evaluated according to the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations (GRADE). RESULTS: Ten articles and 12 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary outcome measures indicated that @entity18274 was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality [risk ratio (RR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.57, 0.80), P<0.00001; n = 915; GRADE rating: moderate] and 90-day mortality [RR = 0.75, 95% CI (0.61, 0.93), P = 0.009; n = 547; GRADE rating: moderate]; UA was associated with no significant difference in the 28-day mortality [RR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.30, 1.20), P = 0.15; n = 182; GRADE rating: low], and there was no report on 90-day mortality; TA was associated with significantly lower 28-day mortality [RR = 0.72, 95% CI (0.55, 0.93), P = 0.01; n = 494; GRADE rating: low], but there was no significant difference in the 90-day mortality [RR = 0.84, 95% CI (0.54, 1.31), P = 0.45; n = 91; GRADE rating: very low]. In the secondary outcome measures, there was obvious heterogeneity in the length of the ICU stay and that of the mechanical ventilation, length of the antibiotics and vasopressor use, and 28-day acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of severe @entity295 with @entity18274 reduced both the 28-day and the 90-day mortality, whereas treatment with TA reduced only the 28-day mortality. The effects of @entity18274 , UA, and TA on ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and vasopressor use, and 28-day APACHE II scores of septic @entity1 are still unclear. Additional high quality RCTs are needed to define clearly the guidelines for the treatment of severe @entity295 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review, level IV.

title: Ulinastatin and/or Thymosin Alpha1 for Severe XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18274 :: ('MESH:D009100', 'Disease') :: ['UCT', 'UTI combined with Ta1']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: identify risk factors for mortality in @entity1 who underwent laparotomy after blunt @entity1661 . METHODS: retrospective study, case-control, which were reviewed medical records of blunt @entity130 victims @entity1 undergoing laparotomy, from March 2013 to January 2015, and compared the result of the @entity204 group with the group healed. RESULTS: of 86 @entity1 , 63% were healed, 36% died, and one @entity1 was excluded from the study. Both groups had similar epidemiology and @entity130 mechanism, predominantly young adults males, automobilistic accident. Most cases that evolved to death had hemodynamic instability as laparotomy indication - 61% against 38% in the other group (p=0.02). The presence of solid organ injury was larger in the group of @entity204 - 80% versus 48% (p=0.001) and 61% of them had other associated @entity3511 compared to 25% in the other group (p=0.01). Of the @entity1 who died 96% had other serious injuries associated (p=0.0003). @entity1 requiring damage control surgery had a higher mortality rate (p=0.0099). Only one of 18 @entity1 with isolated hollow organ lesion evolved to death (p=0.0001). The mean injury score of TRISS of cured (91.70%) was significantly higher than that of @entity204 (46.3%) (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: the risk factors for mortality were hemodynamic instability as an indication for laparotomy, presence of solid organ injury, multiple intra-abdominal injuries, need for damage control surgery, serious injury association and low index of @entity130 score.

title: Risk factors for mortality in blunt XXXX with surgical approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: Experimental chemotherapies for 15 @entity1 @entity5 xenografted into @entity19 were performed using 14 anticancer agents including 6 drugs in clinical use. Treatment with each single agent was performed for every @entity5 line using the maximum tolerated dose through continuous daily (antimetabolites) or intermittent (cytocidal agents) schedules. Effectiveness of each drug was evaluated by inhibition rate (IR) calculated from mean @entity5 weights of both treated and untreated groups. Response to a treatment was judged as effective when the IR was higher than 58%. Response rate of each drug was as follows; @entity1139 was 67%, UFT 67%, CPA 47%, @entity16229 40%, ACNU 33%, ADR 27%, SOAz 87%, 5'-DFUR 80%, MXT 20%, @entity72491 17%, M-83 17%, CAM 0% and GANU 0%. Generally, the experimental results for each drug on the xenografts was in good accordance with the known clinical effect of each drug on the same type of @entity5 . On the other hand, individual @entity5 xenografts showed considerable differences in chemosensitivity. Some @entity5 were sensitive to a majority of the drugs, whereas some were resistant to many of them. Each @entity5 line seemed to retain individuality in its spectrum of chemosensitivity irrespective of whether it originated from the same organ or whether it was of similar histologic type. This fact suggests the necessity of selecting drugs effective to the individual @entity5 when considering a @entity1 chemotherapy regime.

title: [Chemosensitivity of XXXX gastrointestinal and breast cancer xenografts in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity72491 :: ('MESH:C055240', 'Chemical') :: ['Leakadine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Experimental chemotherapies for 15 @entity1 @entity5 xenografted into @entity19 were performed using 14 anticancer agents including 6 drugs in clinical use. Treatment with each single agent was performed for every @entity5 line using the maximum tolerated dose through continuous daily (antimetabolites) or intermittent (cytocidal agents) schedules. Effectiveness of each drug was evaluated by inhibition rate (IR) calculated from mean @entity5 weights of both treated and untreated groups. Response to a treatment was judged as effective when the IR was higher than 58%. Response rate of each drug was as follows; @entity1139 was 67%, UFT 67%, CPA 47%, @entity16229 40%, ACNU 33%, ADR 27%, SOAz 87%, 5'-DFUR 80%, MXT 20%, @entity72491 17%, M-83 17%, CAM 0% and GANU 0%. Generally, the experimental results for each drug on the xenografts was in good accordance with the known clinical effect of each drug on the same type of @entity5 . On the other hand, individual @entity5 xenografts showed considerable differences in chemosensitivity. Some @entity5 were sensitive to a majority of the drugs, whereas some were resistant to many of them. Each @entity5 line seemed to retain individuality in its spectrum of chemosensitivity irrespective of whether it originated from the same organ or whether it was of similar histologic type. This fact suggests the necessity of selecting drugs effective to the individual @entity5 when considering a @entity1 chemotherapy regime.

title: [Chemosensitivity of @entity1 gastrointestinal and breast cancer xenografts in XXXX ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: The right atrium differs from the left ventricle in two respects during @entity1167 : a higher proportion of noncoronary collateral flow is delivered to the right atrium, and the atrium is frequently excluded from topical ice cooling because of its higher position relative to the left ventricle. These factors result in early rewarming of @entity955 . To the best of our knowledge, the surgical literature contains no reports on whether @entity1503 can provide better atrial myocardial preservation than electrolyte cardioplegia. Twenty consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected to receive @entity1503 (Group 1) or electrolyte cardioplegia (Group 2). @entity2332 was achieved by systemic cooling and continuous topical cooling with ice slush. Stereological morphometric study of mitochondria was performed on 40 biopsy specimens taken from the right atrium prior to aortic cross-clamping (preischemia) and at the end of @entity63 . In Group 1, total aortic cross-clamp time was 72.8 +/- 32.5 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity63 was 0.224 +/- 0.032 mu 2 and after @entity63 , 0.336 +/- 0.032 mu 2, a 50.0% increase in mitochondrial size. In Group 2, total aortic cross-clamp time was 69.7 +/- 30.9 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity63 was 0.205 +/- 0.025 mu 2 and after @entity63 , 0.439 +/- 0.111 mu 2, an average increase in mitochondrial size of 114.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mitochondrial size before @entity63 . However, after @entity63 the mean mitochondrial surface areas were significantly different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1503 to electrolyte cardioplegia on the effectiveness of preservation of right XXXX : mitochondrial morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial myocardium']


abstract: The right atrium differs from the left ventricle in two respects during @entity1167 : a higher proportion of noncoronary collateral flow is delivered to the right atrium, and the atrium is frequently excluded from topical ice cooling because of its higher position relative to the left ventricle. These factors result in early rewarming of @entity955 . To the best of our knowledge, the surgical literature contains no reports on whether @entity1503 can provide better atrial myocardial preservation than electrolyte cardioplegia. Twenty consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac operations were randomly selected to receive @entity1503 (Group 1) or electrolyte cardioplegia (Group 2). @entity2332 was achieved by systemic cooling and continuous topical cooling with ice slush. Stereological morphometric study of mitochondria was performed on 40 biopsy specimens taken from the right atrium prior to aortic cross-clamping (preischemia) and at the end of @entity63 . In Group 1, total aortic cross-clamp time was 72.8 +/- 32.5 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity63 was 0.224 +/- 0.032 mu 2 and after @entity63 , 0.336 +/- 0.032 mu 2, a 50.0% increase in mitochondrial size. In Group 2, total aortic cross-clamp time was 69.7 +/- 30.9 minutes. The mean mitochondrial surface area before @entity63 was 0.205 +/- 0.025 mu 2 and after @entity63 , 0.439 +/- 0.111 mu 2, an average increase in mitochondrial size of 114.2%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mitochondrial size before @entity63 . However, after @entity63 the mean mitochondrial surface areas were significantly different (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX to electrolyte cardioplegia on the effectiveness of preservation of right @entity955 : mitochondrial morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Comparison of blood cardioplegia']


abstract: The irreversible transformation of @entity3800 into @entity2931 is catalysed by cytochrome P450 aromatase. In the present study, we explored the contribution of the (TTTA)(n) polymorphism in the aromatase gene ( @entity4819 ) to sperm concentration and motility. Ninety normozoospermic and 60 oligospermic @entity1 were examined during infertility examinations. DNA was extracted from spermatozoa, and the @entity4819 (TTTA)(n) polymorphism was genotyped by PCR. Genotype analysis revealed six @entity4819 (TTTA)(n) alleles with 7-12 repeats. The allelic distribution of the @entity4819 (TTTA)(n) polymorphism differed between normozoospermic and oligospermic @entity1 (P<0.01). Oligospermic @entity1 less frequently had long @entity4819 alleles than did normozoospermic @entity1 (25 and 37.8%, respectively; P<0.02). The higher frequency of short @entity4819 alleles in oligospermic @entity1 compared to normozoospermic @entity1 (43.3 and 28.3%, respectively; P<0.01) was primarily due to the distribution of the @entity4819 (TTTA)(7) allele. The @entity4819 (TTTA)(7) allele was associated with lower sperm concentration in normozoospermic @entity1 (P<0.01) and in the total study population (P<0.01); it was also associated with lower sperm motility in normozoospermic @entity1 (P<0.05) and in the total study population (P<0.01). In conclusion, the @entity4819 (TTTA)(7) allele probably impairs aromatase activity, which in turn alters aromatase and @entity2931 levels in the testis, leading to decreased sperm concentration and motility. These findings support the significance of cytochrome P450 aromatase in @entity1 spermatogenesis and consequently in semen quality.

title: The association of aromatase ( XXXX ) gene variants with sperm concentration and motility.

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['CYP19']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the cervical lymph node @entity3 in negative node with clinically @entity5 @entity1 and decide which level should be dissected reasonably. METHODS: 57 modified neck dissection (MND) cases in the cN0 with @entity5 were performed. Each lymph node in the 57 (63 sides) MND samples was studied pathologically in order to define the level of the lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: 1,877 lymph nodes were obtained in these MND samples; an average of 29.8 lymph nodes was obtained in one side. Among them 43 lymph nodes were @entity3 nodes and 41 lymph nodes were located in the II, III level, 95.4% of @entity3 cases. 15 cases (17 sides) in the 57 @entity1 were @entity3 (26.3%) and 14 cases of them were in the level of II and III (93.3%). Ipsilateral cervical recurrence occurred in the 3 of 57 cases in the II, III and IV level respectively. The recurrent rate was 5.3%, and 5-year survival rate was 80.7%. CONCLUSION: II and III levels should be dissected in the @entity5 with cN0 and IV level should be included when III level was involved. I and V levels should not be included when the evidence of @entity3 is not enough.

title: [Level choice of the neck dissection in clinical N0 @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['supraglottic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of the cervical lymph node @entity3 in negative node with clinically @entity5 @entity1 and decide which level should be dissected reasonably. METHODS: 57 modified neck dissection (MND) cases in the cN0 with @entity5 were performed. Each lymph node in the 57 (63 sides) MND samples was studied pathologically in order to define the level of the lymph node @entity3 . RESULTS: 1,877 lymph nodes were obtained in these MND samples; an average of 29.8 lymph nodes was obtained in one side. Among them 43 lymph nodes were @entity3 nodes and 41 lymph nodes were located in the II, III level, 95.4% of @entity3 cases. 15 cases (17 sides) in the 57 @entity1 were @entity3 (26.3%) and 14 cases of them were in the level of II and III (93.3%). Ipsilateral cervical recurrence occurred in the 3 of 57 cases in the II, III and IV level respectively. The recurrent rate was 5.3%, and 5-year survival rate was 80.7%. CONCLUSION: II and III levels should be dissected in the @entity5 with cN0 and IV level should be included when III level was involved. I and V levels should not be included when the evidence of @entity3 is not enough.

title: [Level choice of the neck dissection in clinical N0 XXXX with @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This procedure was designed to eradicate the advanced @entity189 while preserving the laryngeal physiologic function. The indications and contraindications for the operation were also discussed and evaluated in this paper. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with advanced @entity5 underwent this procedure during the period from 1988 through 1996 in our department. All of the @entity1 were not amenable to conventional partial horizontal and vertical laryngectomies. In those @entity1 , there were 9 supraglottic cancers, 10 @entity5 . Among them, 16 cases had stage T2 lesions and 5 cases had stage T3 lesions. In this procedure, the hyoid and thyroid cartilages were excised in toto, along with both @entity3746 , paraglottic space as well as the partial or total epiglottis and the whole preepiglottic space. The cricoid cartilage and at least one arytenoid cartilage were spared. The new larynx was reconstructed by suturing the cricoid and/or epiglottis to the base of the tongue. RESULTS: Of 21 @entity1 , 95% were able to eat normally without @entity1173 , 90% were decannulated with near normal speech function. In two @entity1 , the tracheotomy tube was reserved, one developed a @entity850 , and another had recurrent @entity1174 . No @entity1 experienced local recurrence. Nineteen @entity1 were followed up for at least 3 years, 13 @entity1 achieved 5 years @entity5 -free survival. CONCLUSION: The term supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy best describes the surgical approach and the reconstruction model of the new larynx. As a useful alternative to total laryngectomy in selected advanced @entity5 , this procedure may greatly improve the quality of life and prolong the life without recurrence.

title: [Supracricoid subtotal laryngectomy for the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancers', 'glottic cancers and 2 transglottic cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['true and false vocal cords']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: P1 is a robust positivity at a latency of 50-150 msec in the auditory evoked potential of young @entity1 . It has been reported that over the first 2-3 years of life, there is a rapid decrease of the latency and the mean P1 latency in adults with normal hearing is approximately 60 msec. This study was designed to evaluate the change of the P1 latency in Koreans with normal hearing according to age and to compare this with the P1 latency of young @entity1 with profound @entity1274 before and/or after cochlear implantation. METHODS: Among the @entity1 who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Seoul National University Hospital from June 2007 to September 2009, the P1 response was recorded in 53 @entity1 in the normal hearing group, in 13 @entity1 in the pre-cochlear implantation (CI) group and in 10 @entity1 in the post-CI group. A synthesized consonant-vowel syllable /ba/ was used to elicit the evoked responses. The evoked responses were collected using the center of the frontal head. For each subject, an individual grand average waveform was computed by averaging the ten recordings. The P1 latency was visually identified as a robust positivity in the waveform. RESULTS: For the normal hearing group, the P1 latency showed the pattern of shortening as the age increased (coefficient, -0.758; P<0.001). For the pre-CI group, 10 cases showed delayed latencies and 3 cases did not show the P1 wave. For the post-CI group, the P1 latencies showed a less delayed tendency than those of the pre-CI group, but this was not statistically different. CONCLUSION: This report provides the standard value of the P1 latency at each age in Koreans for the first time and the findings support that the maturation of the central auditory pathways could be measured objectively using the P1 latency.

title: Analysis of p1 latency in normal hearing and profound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: The life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) type I is generally considered to be less than 2 years. Recently, with the introduction of proactive treatments, a longer survival and an improved survival rate have been reported. In this study, we analyzed the natural courses and survival statistics of @entity2057 @entity1 and compared the clinical characteristics of the @entity1 based on their survival periods. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 14 pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2057 during a 9-year period. We examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of these @entity1 , calculated their survival probabilities, and plotted survival curves as on the censoring date, January 1, 2010. We also compared the characteristics of the @entity1 who died before the age of 24 months (early-death, ED group) and those who survived for 24 months or longer (long-survival, LS group). RESULTS: The mean survival time was 22.8  2.0 months. The survival probabilities at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months were 92.9%, 92.9%, 76.0%, 76.0%, and 65.1%, respectively. Birth weight was the only factor that showed a statistically significant difference between the ED and LS groups (P=0.048). CONCLUSION: In this study, the survival probabilities at 2 years were far greater than expected. Because of the limited number of @entity1 and information in this study, the contribution of improved supportive care on longer survival could not be clarified; this may be elucidated in larger cohort studies.

title: Survival analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['SMA type I', 'SMA', 'spinal muscular atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['spinal muscular atrophy type I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in treating spherical @entity3467 using the VISX STAR S2 excimer laser. INTERVENTION: Fifteen consecutive eyes of 15 @entity1 underwent PRK, and 16 consecutive eyes of 16 @entity1 underwent LASIK (follow-up: 12 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity282 , uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), deviation from intended correction, and loss of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA). RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was + 2.18 diopter [D] for PRK and + 2.03D for LASIK. All PRK @entity1 experienced significant @entity282 that required systemic medication, whereas LASIK @entity1 had minor and transient discomfort. Mean deviation from intended correction was -0.83D, + 0.01D, and + 0.18D at 1, 6, and 12 months after PRK, and + 0.22D, +0.30D, and + 0.40D at 1, 6, and 12 months after LASIK (P = 0.002 at 1 month). A higher proportion of LASIK eyes had a UCVA of 20/20 or better at all time points (P = 0.013 and 0.025 at 1 and 3 months, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in BSCVA loss. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK and PRK are comparable in efficacy and safety. However, PRK was more @entity158 , with an initial and temporary myopic over-correction that did not occur after LASIK. Stability was achieved between 3 and 6 months following PRK, and one month following LASIK.

title: Photorefractive keratectomy versus laser in situ keratomileusis for the treatment of spherical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment of advanced @entity957 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with @entity189 underwent resections combining mandibular ramus and oral cavity approaches, neck dissection and one-stage repair of the defect with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PM). The managements were supplemented with preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: Following up 3 to 9 years, 6 of 8 cases(75%) survived for more than 3 years. Two of 8 cases (25%) died of different causes postoperatively. One case died of serious @entity548 resulted from radio-mandibulomyelitis 3 months after operation, and the other case died of @entity418 2 years after operation. Two cases complicated radio-mandibulomyelitis. Two cases suffered from temporary regurgitation of food to the nasal chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Through this combined approach, the @entity189 could be resected en bloc under direct visual field and keeping 1-1.5 cm safe margin to the @entity5 . Neck dissection, preoperative chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy were supplemental measures. Combined therapy was of great significance in reducing recurrence of the @entity5 . PM was usually survived and easily obtained, hence, suitable for repairing the pharyngeal defect.

title: [Combined therapy of advanced XXXX and one-stage repair of the defect].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['advanced tonsillar carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the role of 14% nonexpansile concentration of @entity16681 ( @entity38096 ) gas in the management of acute @entity4 in @entity2687 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: The study group consisted of 62 eyes of 57 @entity1 and the control group included 90 eyes of 82 @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 who presented within 30 days of onset of symptoms. INTERVENTION: @entity1 in the control group underwent a single intracameral injection of 0.1 mL of nonexpansile concentration (14%) of @entity38096 gas. @entity1 in the control group were treated conservatively. @entity1 in both groups were followed regularly for 12.6  7.7 and 13.4  8.3 months in the study and control groups, respectively, and assessed clinically for complete disappearance of epithelial and stromal @entity4 on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean time to resolution of @entity3279 , which was calculated both from the date of onset of @entity4 and the date of initiation of therapy to the date of resolution in days. RESULTS: The overall time to resolution both from the date of onset of symptoms (90.5  55.8 vs 125  68.9 days; P = 0.0005) and from the date of initiation of therapy (78.7  53.2 vs 117.9  68.2 days; P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. However, on subgroup analysis a significant difference in the resolution time was found only in eyes with @entity9042 (P<0.0001). No difference in the resolution time was seen in eyes with pellucid marginal @entity528 (PMCD) or keratoglobus. The main complication of this procedure was reversible @entity616 (16%; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the final visual acuity or endothelial cell counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral @entity38096 gas in a nonexpansile concentration is a useful modality for faster resolution of @entity3279 in @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 and @entity9042 , and its role in the treatment of PMCD and keratoglobus needs further evaluation.

title: Intracameral XXXX gas in the treatment of acute corneal @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity16681 :: ('MESH:C042852', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoropropane']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ectasias']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corneal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

answer: @entity16681 :: (MESH:C042852,Chemical) :: ['perfluoropropane']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the role of 14% nonexpansile concentration of @entity16681 ( @entity38096 ) gas in the management of acute @entity4 in @entity2687 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: The study group consisted of 62 eyes of 57 @entity1 and the control group included 90 eyes of 82 @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 who presented within 30 days of onset of symptoms. INTERVENTION: @entity1 in the control group underwent a single intracameral injection of 0.1 mL of nonexpansile concentration (14%) of @entity38096 gas. @entity1 in the control group were treated conservatively. @entity1 in both groups were followed regularly for 12.6  7.7 and 13.4  8.3 months in the study and control groups, respectively, and assessed clinically for complete disappearance of epithelial and stromal @entity4 on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean time to resolution of @entity3279 , which was calculated both from the date of onset of @entity4 and the date of initiation of therapy to the date of resolution in days. RESULTS: The overall time to resolution both from the date of onset of symptoms (90.5  55.8 vs 125  68.9 days; P = 0.0005) and from the date of initiation of therapy (78.7  53.2 vs 117.9  68.2 days; P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. However, on subgroup analysis a significant difference in the resolution time was found only in eyes with @entity9042 (P<0.0001). No difference in the resolution time was seen in eyes with pellucid marginal @entity528 (PMCD) or keratoglobus. The main complication of this procedure was reversible @entity616 (16%; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the final visual acuity or endothelial cell counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral @entity38096 gas in a nonexpansile concentration is a useful modality for faster resolution of @entity3279 in @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 and @entity9042 , and its role in the treatment of PMCD and keratoglobus needs further evaluation.

title: Intracameral @entity16681 gas in the treatment of acute corneal XXXX .

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['hydrops']


abstract: The frictional properties of @entity15730 ( @entity15731 ) brushes grown from planar @entity6619 surfaces by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have been characterized using in situ friction force microscopy (FFM). The dry thicknesses of the PMPC brushes ranged from 20 to 421 nm. For brush layers with dry thicknesses greater than ca. 100 nm, the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing film thickness. For shorter brushes, the coefficient of friction varied little with brush thickness. We hypothesize that the amount of bound solvent increases as the brush length increases, causing the osmotic pressure to increase and yielding a reduced tendency for the brush layer to deform under applied load. A comparison of the force-displacement plots acquired for various PMPC brushes under water supports this hypothesis, since a greater repulsive force is measured for thicker brushes. FFM was also used to investigate the well-known co-nonsolvency behavior exhibited by PMPC chains. For a PMPC brush layer of 307 nm dry thickness, the friction force was determined as a function of the volume fraction of @entity167 in @entity167 /water mixtures. Unlike a previous macroscopic study, a significant increase in the coefficient of friction was observed for @entity1068 /water mixtures at a volume fraction of 90%. This is attributed to brush collapse due to co-nonsolvency, leading to loss of hydration of the brush chains and hence substantially reduced lubrication. Force measurements normal to the surface indicate much greater hysteresis between approaching and retraction curves under co-nonsolvency conditions. However, no such effect was observed for @entity5723 /water and @entity1042 /water mixtures over a wide range of volume fractions, in agreement with recent ellipsometric studies of PMPC brushes.

title: Effect of brush thickness and solvent composition on the friction force response of XXXX brushes.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity15730 :: ('MESH:C115766', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphorylcholine)']

answer: @entity15730 :: (MESH:C115766,Chemical) :: ['poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylphosphorylcholine)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consumption of @entity167 and @entity286 are influenced by many factors that require regular epidemiological assessments. As such, the study of a hospital population seems all the more relevant it can help to better identify @entity1 at risk and tailor addiction interventions. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of risky @entity167 use and @entity286 use among hospitalized @entity1 in order to propose to the scale of a General Hospital (CHG), algorithms of interventions with these @entity1 . The secondary objective was the analysis socio-demographic determinants of these @entity1 . METHODS: A descriptive study on any given day was done. Regarding @entity286 use, @entity1 were classified as "smoking", "no smoking" and "ex smoker". Regarding @entity167 consumption, test DETA and AUDIT Court were able to classify @entity1 into "consumer risk", "user without risk" and "non user". RESULTS: Hence, 20.5% of @entity1 reported smoking and 23% of @entity1 were classified as having a risky @entity167 use. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of prevalence, it appears necessary to improve activity-tracking consumption of @entity286 and @entity167 at the hospital. To this end, we propose decision algorithms to better differentiate what is a matter of allowing the @entity1 service (tracking and consultants), which may fall to a strategy of specialized care.

title: [Consumption of XXXX and @entity286 remain high in hospital population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consumption of @entity167 and @entity286 are influenced by many factors that require regular epidemiological assessments. As such, the study of a hospital population seems all the more relevant it can help to better identify @entity1 at risk and tailor addiction interventions. OBJECTIVES: Determine the prevalence of risky @entity167 use and @entity286 use among hospitalized @entity1 in order to propose to the scale of a General Hospital (CHG), algorithms of interventions with these @entity1 . The secondary objective was the analysis socio-demographic determinants of these @entity1 . METHODS: A descriptive study on any given day was done. Regarding @entity286 use, @entity1 were classified as "smoking", "no smoking" and "ex smoker". Regarding @entity167 consumption, test DETA and AUDIT Court were able to classify @entity1 into "consumer risk", "user without risk" and "non user". RESULTS: Hence, 20.5% of @entity1 reported smoking and 23% of @entity1 were classified as having a risky @entity167 use. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of prevalence, it appears necessary to improve activity-tracking consumption of @entity286 and @entity167 at the hospital. To this end, we propose decision algorithms to better differentiate what is a matter of allowing the @entity1 service (tracking and consultants), which may fall to a strategy of specialized care.

title: [Consumption of @entity167 and XXXX remain high in hospital population].

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the @entity32 seen in both diseases (the " @entity6636 " hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 to that from non- @entity8787 controls and to detect disease-specific profiles. RESULTS: Paired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 @entity30 (n = 12) and 6 @entity31 (n = 12) @entity1 were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in @entity8787 , particularly in @entity30 , and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in @entity8787 samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in @entity30 only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut. CONCLUSIONS: These results may support the hypothesis that the overall @entity6636 observed in @entity29 @entity1 relative to non- @entity8787 controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.

title: High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals XXXX and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity6636 :: (MESH:D064806,Disease) :: ['dysbiosis']