abstract: The effects of the level of energy intake (high E and low E) offered before and after calving on body condition score at calving, production performance, and energy status in the first 250 d of lactation were evaluated in a 2   2 factorial design experiment involving 80 Holstein-Friesian dairy animals (40 primiparous and 40 multiparous). From d 80 until d 21 precalving, primiparous animals were offered either high or low pasture allowances. Thereafter, these animals were housed and had ad libitum access to a high energy density diet (high E) or restricted access [6 kg of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) per d] to a low energy density diet (low E), respectively, until calving. From d 100 until d 42 precalving, multiparous animals were offered either ad libitum or restricted (10 kg of @entity62 /d) access to a late lactation diet, and thereafter, had ad libitum access to a high E diet or restricted access (7 kg of @entity62 complete diet/d) to a low E diet, respectively, until calving. The forage to concentrate (F:C) ratios ( @entity62 basis) of these high E and low E diets [d 42 (d 21 in primiparous animals) until calving] were 64:36 and 83:17, respectively. @entity291 offered high E and low E precalving diets were allocated to either a high E or low E postcalving diet [F:C ratio ( @entity62 basis) of 30:70 and 70:30, respectively] and remained on these diets until d 250 of lactation. Multiparous animals offered a high E diet precalving had a significantly higher body condition score at calving than those offered the low E diet precalving. This effect was not evident in primiparous animals. Precalving diet had no significant effect on plasma nonesterified @entity844 concentrations during the last 3 wk precalving in primi- or multiparous animals. Primiparous animals offered a high E diet precalving had significantly higher postcalving plasma concentrations of nonesterified @entity844 , suggesting greater mobilization of body reserves. Primi- and multiparous animals offered a high E diet postcalving had a significantly higher @entity62 intake, milk yield, and energy status postcalving compared with animals offered a low E diet postcalving. Milk yields of primiparous animals offered high E and low E diets postcalving were 29.7 and 24.8 kg/d, respectively, and milk yield of multiparous animals offered high E and low E diets postcalving were 33.5 and 28.2 kg/d, respectively. It is concluded that altering body condition score during the dry period is difficult but that specific dietary regimens applied precalving can have a significant influence on postcalving production and energy-related parameters.

title: Effect of precalving and postcalving dietary energy level on performance and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy XXXX throughout lactation.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity1 genetic studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in different complement proteins can increase the risk for developing @entity13785 . There are three pathways of complement activation, classical ( @entity2723 ), alternative (AP), and lectin (LP), which all activate a final common pathway. Proteins encoded by the @entity13785 risk genes participate in the AP (CFB), @entity2723 /LP (C2), or in the AP and final common pathway (C3). Here we tested which pathway is essential in @entity19 laser-induced @entity471 . @entity471 was analyzed using single complement pathway knockouts (i.e., eliminating one complement pathway at a time), followed by a double knockout in which only the AP is present, and the @entity2723 and LP are disabled, using molecular, histological and electrophysiological outcomes. First, single-gene knockouts were analyzed and compared to wild type @entity19 ; @entity13697 (-/-) (no @entity2723 ), @entity39039 (-/-) (no LP), and CFB(-/-) (no AP). Six days after the laser-induced lesion, @entity19 without a functional AP had reduced @entity471 progression (P<0.001) and preserved ERG amplitudes, whereas those without a functional @entity2723 or LP were indistinguishable from the wild type controls (P>0.3). Second, AP-only @entity19 ( @entity13697 (-/-) @entity39039 (-/-)) were as protected from developing @entity471 as the CFB(-/-) @entity19 . The degree of pathology in each strain correlated with protein levels of the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic protein @entity1611 and @entity29240 , respectively, as well as levels of terminal pathway activation product C5a, and C9. The analysis of complement activation pathways in @entity19 laser-induced @entity471 allows for the following conclusions. Comparing the single pathway knockouts with those having only a functional AP showed: (1) that AP activation is necessary, but not alone sufficient for injury; and (2) that initial complement activation proceeds via both the LP and @entity2723 . Thus, these data indicate an important role for the AP in the generation of complement-dependent @entity130 of @entity2723 - and LP-initiated complement activation. Improving our understanding of the local regulation of this pathway in the eye is essential for developing improved treatment approaches for @entity13785 .

title: The alternative pathway is required, but not alone sufficient, for retinal pathology in XXXX laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the RPE and choroid via amplification']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Three intrapelvic urethral @entity254 techniques were performed on 12 mature male @entity235 to compare the degree of @entity850 . The intrapelvic urethra was transected 1 cm caudal to the prostate, and @entity254 was performed using either suturing of the urethra over an indwelling catheter, suturing of the urethra without an indwelling catheter, or apposition of the urethra without sutures over an indwelling catheter. Postoperatively, the @entity235 were evaluated using clinical urination patterns, biochemical tests, radiography, and pathology. Three of four suture-catheter @entity235 and one of four catheter-only @entity235 had normal urinary patterns. Stricture (25-84%) with @entity384 or @entity292 tracts was visible on retrograde, positive contrast urethrograms of 3 of 12 intact @entity235 20 weeks after surgery, and on all 12 excised lower urinary tracts. Suture-catheter @entity235 subjectively had the least amount of @entity850 . All eight @entity235 (1 suture-catheter @entity235 , 4 suture-only @entity235 , and 3 catheter-only @entity235 ) with severe @entity850 (greater than 60% lumen diameter reduction) had histopathologic signs of chronic, inflammatory @entity5450 , including four with chronic, ascending lymphocytic @entity2885 . Hydroureter and @entity3041 developed in two catheter-only @entity235 . Complete urethral transection resulted in some degree of @entity850 , regardless of technique used for @entity254 . Urethral @entity254 over an indwelling catheter appeared to result in a lesser degree of @entity850 and clinical and histopathologic derangement.

title: Intrapelvic urethral XXXX . A comparison of three techniques.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the @entity8407 and the associated risk factors. METHOD: Published literature was searched through several search engines from 1960 to the end of December 2013. The inclusion criteria included ' @entity12120 ', 'pre- @entity5 ', 'malignant transformation', 'follow-up' and 'outcome'. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of evidence. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 1032 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. There was much variation in the definitions used by the various authors in their original reports to @entity8407 or in the criteria used to recruit their @entity1 for follow-up. The estimated overall (mean) malignant transformation rate for the total population described in these 24 studies amounts to 3.5% (405/11423), with a wide range between 0.13% and 34.0%. Based on the evidence presented, the features that stand out as significant determinants contributing to malignant potential of OL include advanced age, female sex, @entity12120 exceeding 200  mm(2) , non-homogeneous type (eg. erythroleukoplakia) and the higher grades of @entity1141 . CONCLUSION: The review indicates that drawing meaningful evidence-based conclusions are difficult from retrospective studies of this nature. However, many of the determinants exposed in the review require further investigation by well-designed prospective studies.

title: XXXX : a systematic review of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia', 'define oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia']


abstract: 112 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1985 have been referred from 1970 through 1989 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne. One @entity1 remitted spontaneously without medication. Ninety-eight @entity1 responded to @entity229 : 15 had a single bout of @entity3450 , 47 developed a tendency towards relapses and 36 @entity134 dependence. In 28 @entity1 with tendency towards relapses cure took place on either @entity229 alone or @entity229 plus @entity786 . In 18 @entity1 with @entity134 dependency cure took place on @entity229 alone or @entity229 plus @entity786 . Thirteen @entity1 failed to respond to @entity230 . The course of the disease was more benign in 68 @entity1 with @entity1987 as compared with 14 @entity1 with focal and @entity8 . Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated mesangial IgM deposits in 14 out of 54 @entity1 , but this finding was not a marker for poor @entity134 response or progression to @entity177 . The course of the disease was especially unfavourable in @entity1 with persisting @entity3450 on completion of the initial course of @entity134 therapy. In conclusion it appears appropriate to define the disease in terms of @entity134 responsiveness as @entity134 resistant @entity1 sometimes show normal glomeruli, @entity134 responsive sometimes have focal and @entity8 or mesangial IgM deposits, and decisions depend more on the @entity134 responsiveness than on the histological features.

title: Outcome of idiopathic XXXX . A 20 year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['childhood nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['childhood nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity356 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity694 associated with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). A 42-year-old @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity31 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity694 . Three years later the @entity1 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity417 together with elevated serum @entity876 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity420 with @entity2580 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity5 ( @entity356 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity3 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity5 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity5 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity5 cells positive for @entity876 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity1 with @entity31 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity344 .

title: @entity356 following total proctocolectomy for XXXX associated with @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'scirrhous gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity356 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity694 associated with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). A 42-year-old @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity31 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity694 . Three years later the @entity1 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity417 together with elevated serum @entity876 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity420 with @entity2580 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity5 ( @entity356 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity3 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity5 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity5 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity5 cells positive for @entity876 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity1 with @entity31 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity344 .

title: @entity356 following total proctocolectomy for @entity694 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity356 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity694 associated with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). A 42-year-old @entity1 , diagnosed with @entity31 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity694 . Three years later the @entity1 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity417 together with elevated serum @entity876 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity420 with @entity2580 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity5 ( @entity356 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity3 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity5 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity5 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity5 cells positive for @entity876 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity1 with @entity31 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity344 .

title: XXXX following total proctocolectomy for @entity694 associated with @entity31 .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric cancer']


abstract: A surgeon has many options available to @entity3224 in the closure of abdominal wall defects in the elective setting. In the emergent setting, active @entity281 or contamination increases the likelihood of @entity281 of permanent prosthetic material and limits the surgical options. In such settings, we have used absorbable mesh (Dexon) as an adjunct to fascial closure until the acute complications resolve. To evaluate the effectiveness of this technique, we reviewed the outcome of such closures in 26 critically ill @entity1 . Between July 1987 and June 1993, 26 @entity1 were identified who had placement of absorbable mesh as part of an emergent laparotomy at a major urban @entity130 center. Through a retrospective chart review, the incidence of complications and outcome of the closure were tabulated. Seven @entity1 were initially operated on for @entity130 . Two of the @entity1 had mesh placement at their initial procedure secondary to @entity393 from @entity130 . The remainder of the @entity1 hd mesh placement during a subsequent laparotomy for complications related to their initial procedure. Indications for these laparotomies included combinations of wound @entity6783 , @entity6177 , @entity952 , and perforation. Mesh placement in @entity1 with @entity1320 created effectively open abdominal wounds that allowed continued abdominal drainage, but required extensive wound care. Despite the absorbable nature of the mesh and often prolonged hospital stay in these ill @entity1 , none of them required reoperation for @entity6783 , recurrence of @entity6177 , or @entity281 of the mesh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of absorbable mesh as an XXXX in abdominal wall closure in the emergent setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic disruption']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['fascial loss']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['aid']


abstract: Monocyte/macrophages play an important role in the development of @entity731 . Electron microscopic evidence suggests that in the early stages, lipid laden monocytes leave the lesion to reenter the circulation. This reverse monocyte traffic ceases as the lesion develops. We hypothesize that monocyte/macrophages may not be able to exit the lesion and reenter the circulation because of the reduced expression of CD11/CD18 integrins. We have compared CD11b and CD18 expression of peripheral blood monocytes from normal @entity95 (NM  ) to @entity731 -derived macrophages (AthM  ) by anti-CD11b and anti-CD 18 antibody staining, followed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. AthM   were isolated from aortic lesions of @entity95 fed 2 per cent @entity165 diet following balloon angioplasty. AthM   were separated into two regions based on their size and granularity by flow cytometry. All macrophages stained positively with RAM 11. Our results indicated that NM   showed a strong cell surface expression of CD11b and CD18. The less granular and smaller AthM   showed little anti-CD11b or anti-CD18 antibody staining, indicating very little CD11b or CD18 antibody staining, indicating very little CD11b or CD18 expression. The more granular and larger cells showed surface expression of both CD11b and CD18. With respect to CD18, over 90 per cent of NM   expressed CD18, only 37 per cent of the large granular AthM   and less than 1 per cent of the smaller, less granular AthM   stained positive for CD18. Immunohistochemical studies revealed strong surface expression of CD11b and CD18 on normal monocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Down regulation of CD11b and CD18 expression in XXXX -derived macrophages.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 and 16 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years were treated for @entity189 by transanal excision. @entity1 presented with @entity548 (63%), change in bowel habits (11%), @entity158 (4%), or were asymptomatic and discovered on screening proctosigmoidoscopy (22%). The @entity5 were located from the anal verge to 8 cm proximally and ranged in size from 1 to 4 cm. Pathologic findings included @entity420 (92%), @entity957 (4%), and @entity48532 (4%). Postoperative hospitalization averaged two days (0 to 29 days). One @entity1 died of a perioperative @entity583 for an operative mortality of 3 per cent. Morbidity was 7 per cent and included urinary retention and @entity55 . Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to 11 @entity1 with either undifferentiated @entity5 or invasion into the muscularis propria. Follow-up in these 38 @entity1 averaged 30 months. One @entity1 died of @entity189 , and two @entity1 developed local recurrence that was treated successfully by a low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection. Transanal excision of @entity189 can be performed in properly selected @entity1 with good overall survival and local control.

title: Transanal excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity48532 :: ('MESH:C562739', 'Disease') :: ['cloacogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma', 'rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rectal pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors audit the introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy and compare outcomes with a parallel cohort of @entity1 undergoing open splenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic splenectomy was first reported in 1992. It was introduced into clinical practice at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in 1991. Between June 1991 and March 1994, 24 @entity1 have undergone laparoscopic splenectomies and 23 @entity1 have had laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsies. METHODS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using a four- or five-port technique. The splenic hilum was secured using a linear stapler cutter, and the spleen was removed after placing it in a laparoscopic bag. Lymph node biopsy was performed using a three- or four-port technique, depending on the site and size of the lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 @entity1 (92%). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-7 days) and morbidity occurred in two @entity1 (8%). Lymph node biopsy was completed laparoscopically in 21 of 23 @entity1 (91%), with morbidity in two cases (9%). Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-6 days), with a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Comparison with open splenectomy revealed that the laparoscopic approach took significantly longer to perform (p = 0.0002), but resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic lymph node biopsy currently are used as the treatments of choice for @entity1503 in our institution.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy and lymph node biopsy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic disorders']


abstract: Chromaffin cells from the @entity291 adrenal medulla express alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity934 receptors whose subunit composition is unknown. Northern blot analysis showed that the alpha 7 subunit, a main component of these alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity934 receptors in avian and @entity35 brain, is expressed in chromaffin cells. The cDNA of this @entity291 alpha 7 subunit was cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification of adrenal medulla RNA for detailed characterization of structure and function. The protein-coding region revealed 92% @entity535 sequence identity to @entity35 alpha 7 and 89% to @entity1573 alpha 7 subunits. The alpha-bungarotoxin affinity of alpha 7 homomers expressed in @entity1238 oocytes was similar to that observed previously with native chromaffin alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity934 receptors. Cross-linking and @entity969 gradient experiments suggested that, like the muscular and neuronal @entity934 receptors; the alpha 7 receptor has a pentameric structure. Upon activation with nicotinic agonists the alpha 7 receptor exhibited rapidly desensitizing cation currents that were blocked by nicotinic antagonists and showed inward rectification. The amplification of adrenal medulla RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods revealed an alternatively spliced isoform of the @entity291 alpha 7 subunit, where the exon that codes for the M2 transmembrane segment was skipped during mRNA processing. Oocyte expression of this isoform does not yield functional channels. However, this alternative mRNA exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of alpha 7 homomer expression when coinjected with the undeleted isoform.

title: alpha-Bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors on XXXX chromaffin cells: molecular cloning, functional expression and alternative splicing of the alpha 7 subunit.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Two @entity1 , now 5 1/2 and 6 years of age, presented as neonates with @entity2421 , @entity1159 , @entity1736 , @entity425 , @entity1109 , and @entity649 . Fluctuations and episodic exacerbations of @entity425 necessitated respiratory support. Both @entity1 are developmentally delayed and cannot walk independently, although one @entity1 underwent bilateral tenotomies. Biochemical investigations and electromyography, including slow-rate, repetitive nerve stimulation, were normal. @entity934 receptor antibodies in serum were absent. Single-fiber electromyography with axonal stimulation revealed prolonged mean jitter in the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum muscles, with more than 2 abnormal individual jitter values in each muscle. Muscle biopsy demonstrated normal pattern and morphology of muscle fibers; immunohistochemical staining for cholinesterase was positive. Electron microscopy revealed @entity4681 : @entity194 , flattening of primary synaptic clefts, and paucity of side branches. These findings represent one of the @entity66 (i.e., @entity934 receptor deficiency or paucity of synaptic folds). Both @entity1 improved clinically on @entity4836 therapy. Arthrogryposis congenital multiplex due to @entity8491 , as diagnosed in our @entity1 , has been reported once before. The diagnosis can be established by clinical history, neurologic examination, and electrophysiologic and pathologic findings. Clinical improvement can be achieved with high-dose anticholinesterase therapy.

title: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['postsynaptic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar symptoms']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['extraocular weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in motor endplates']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myasthenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['multiple joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity8491 :: (MESH:D020294,Disease) :: ['congenital myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: PROBLEM: Because shared allogeneic antigens are expressed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as trophoblasts, it has been proposed that lymphocyte transfusions may appropriately sensitize recurrent spontaneous aborters (RSA) to trophoblast and lead to pregnancy conservation. The degree to which these responses are affected by this treatment, however, has not been defined. METHOD: @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) and Western blot analyses were used to study the alloantibody responses in RSA @entity1 both before and after immunization with paternal leukocytes (MNC) against membrane proteins isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), first trimester and full term chorionic villi (CV). RESULTS: A distinct set of antigens with apparent molecular weights of 32, 36, 41, 63, 65, and 85 kDa was identified in both MNC and trophoblast membranes by rabbit anti-trophoblast antisera. In addition, a 55 kDa protein was recognized by MNC membranes. Thirty-eight percent of primary RSA sera recognized this 55 kDa protein. After paternal MNC immunization, all primary RSA samples displayed increased reactivity or produced antibodies to this 55 kDa protein when compared with preimmunization sera. The protein was identified as @entity806 using a rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity806 antisera. In contrast, reactivity to the other antigens present in the membrane preparations decreased after paternal MNC immunization. CONCLUSION: Changes in immune reactivity in RSA @entity1 after paternal MNC immunization suggest that immunization alters serum immune reactivity to MNC and trophoblast shared antigens.

title: Alloantibody responses to antigens recognized by rabbit antitrophoblast antisera in trophoblast and mononuclear cell (MNC) membranes by primary aborting XXXX before and after paternal leukocyte immunization.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has been developed as a noninvasive bedside method for the assessment of liver stiffness. In this study, we examined the diagnostic performance of ARFI imaging in 103 @entity1 , focusing on the difference in @entity3145 values between the @entity409 . METHODS: We evaluated @entity3145 values of the right and left lobes in 79 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 who underwent histological examination of liver @entity82 and in 24 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity3145 was compared with several serum markers, including hyaluronic acid, type 4 collagen, and @entity492 transaminase to platelet ratio index. RESULTS: The @entity3145 values (meters per second) in the right and left lobes were 1.61    0.51 and 1.90    0.68, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The @entity3145 values in both liver lobes were correlated significantly with histological @entity82 grades (P < 0.001). The standard deviations of the @entity3145 values in the right lobe were significantly lower than those in the left lobe (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of @entity82 (F >=  3) using @entity3145 values in both liver lobes was superior to serum markers, especially in the right lobe. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3145 is an accurate and reliable tool for the assessment of liver @entity82 . @entity3145 of the right lobe was more accurate for diagnosing liver @entity82 than in the left lobe.

title: New method for assessing liver XXXX based on acoustic radiation force impulse: a special reference to the difference between right and left liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Virtual touch tissue quantification', 'VTTQ']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['right and left liver lobes', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Hybrid crosses were performed between SWR/J, a strain highly sensitive to @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ), and AKR/J, a strain highly resistant to the carcinogen. F1 and F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were tested to determine if proliferative characteristics such as high activity, wide compartment (PC), and a large S-phase population in the middle third of crypts were linked to susceptibility and inherited as a dominant autosomal trait as was reported for @entity18399 @entity5 response. A blend of resistant and sensitive @entity5 and proliferative characteristics was observed in the F1 and F2 crosses. A @entity5 incidence of 43.7% in the F1 and 52% in the F2 was obtained rather than the respective 100% and 75% expected frequencies. One week after the sixth injection of @entity18399 , the incidence of focal areas of atypism (FAA) in the backcross to resistance (BCR) and the backcross to sensitivity (BCS) was the same (4.1 per FAA-bearing animal). This suggested that the response to the carcinogen was similar in both groups up to this point. Yet 20 weeks later, the BCR had a 7.3% @entity5 incidence, far lower than the 50% incidence expected. The BCS had an incidence of 98.6%, not unlike SWR frequencies and close to the expected 100% @entity5 incidence. Proliferative characteristics in the backcrosses, however, did not revert to parental levels. Instead, the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) or percentage of S-phase cells to total cells scored was significantly higher in the BCR than in the BCS (10.2% +/- 3.2% versus 8.1% +/- 2.2%, P less than 0.02). This study has shown that in crosses between these two strains (SWR/J and AKR/J), susceptibility to @entity18399 -induced @entity5 is not inherited as a dominant trait. Neither are the proliferative characteristics of the colonic mucosa inherited in a simple Mendelian manner nor are the kinetic properties of the epithelial cells linked to @entity18399 @entity5 susceptibility. It is suggested that the parental AKR/J strain may contribute a protective or resistant factor, that is, a repressor gene, which impedes the progression of carcinogen-induced foci of @entity694 .

title: Susceptibility to @entity8708 -induced XXXX and epithelial cell proliferation characteristics of F1, F2, and reciprocal backcrosses derived from SWR/J and AKR/J parental mouse strains.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia to colonic neoplasia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic tumors']


abstract: Hybrid crosses were performed between SWR/J, a strain highly sensitive to @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ), and AKR/J, a strain highly resistant to the carcinogen. F1 and F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were tested to determine if proliferative characteristics such as high activity, wide compartment (PC), and a large S-phase population in the middle third of crypts were linked to susceptibility and inherited as a dominant autosomal trait as was reported for @entity18399 @entity5 response. A blend of resistant and sensitive @entity5 and proliferative characteristics was observed in the F1 and F2 crosses. A @entity5 incidence of 43.7% in the F1 and 52% in the F2 was obtained rather than the respective 100% and 75% expected frequencies. One week after the sixth injection of @entity18399 , the incidence of focal areas of atypism (FAA) in the backcross to resistance (BCR) and the backcross to sensitivity (BCS) was the same (4.1 per FAA-bearing animal). This suggested that the response to the carcinogen was similar in both groups up to this point. Yet 20 weeks later, the BCR had a 7.3% @entity5 incidence, far lower than the 50% incidence expected. The BCS had an incidence of 98.6%, not unlike SWR frequencies and close to the expected 100% @entity5 incidence. Proliferative characteristics in the backcrosses, however, did not revert to parental levels. Instead, the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) or percentage of S-phase cells to total cells scored was significantly higher in the BCR than in the BCS (10.2% +/- 3.2% versus 8.1% +/- 2.2%, P less than 0.02). This study has shown that in crosses between these two strains (SWR/J and AKR/J), susceptibility to @entity18399 -induced @entity5 is not inherited as a dominant trait. Neither are the proliferative characteristics of the colonic mucosa inherited in a simple Mendelian manner nor are the kinetic properties of the epithelial cells linked to @entity18399 @entity5 susceptibility. It is suggested that the parental AKR/J strain may contribute a protective or resistant factor, that is, a repressor gene, which impedes the progression of carcinogen-induced foci of @entity694 .

title: Susceptibility to XXXX -induced @entity694 and epithelial cell proliferation characteristics of F1, F2, and reciprocal backcrosses derived from SWR/J and AKR/J parental mouse strains.

answer: @entity8708 :: (MESH:D019813,Chemical) :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']


abstract: The development of a pharyngocutaneous fistulae is a major complication after total laryngectomy. In Denmark radiotherapy is the primary treatment for all @entity189 . Based on the experience with conventional daily irradiation, a split-course radiation schedule was introduced in 1978. The charts of 106 consecutive @entity1 laryngectomized for recurrence in the years 1975 to 1984 were examined. Thirty-four @entity1 developed a @entity292 . An evaluation of the different radiotherapy schedules used during this period allowed a dose-response curve to be constructed. It showed a pronounced increase of fistulae with high doses of radiotherapy. Split-course radiotherapy caused a @entity532 and did not improve @entity5 control. Large field sizes increased the number of fistulae. High-dose fractions showed a surprisingly high incidence of late complications. Prophylactic @entity868 (introduced in 1980) resulted in a highly significant decrease in the frequency of postoperative fistulae. @entity1 in whom @entity292 formed were hospitalized for an average of 54 days, @entity1 without, for 22 days.

title: Pharyngo-cutaneous fistulae after laryngectomy. Influence of previous radiotherapy and prophylactic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['rise in late complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: 1. @entity550 , after purification by using high-density sucrose solutions, were extracted with @entity6000 . The total hexokinase activity of the intact mitochondria was increased by 50-80% in the Triton extracts. 2. @entity6000 was removed from mitochondrial extracts by a combination of @entity4859 fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Mitochondrial hexokinase remained soluble after removal of extractant. 3. The behaviour of solubilized mitochondrial hexokinase was compared with soluble cytoplasmic hexokinase from the same samples of cerebral cortex on identical columns of @entity8851 -cellulose. Two peaks were eluted from each source of hexokinase. The distribution between hexokinase peaks was similar for the two sources. Peak I (approx. 80% of the total hexokinase) from each was eluted at identical concentrations of @entity4337 and slight differences were observed in the elution profiles for peak II. 4. The purified mitochondrial hexokinase showed the following kinetic properties: peak I, K(m)( @entity855 ) 0.60mm, K(m)( @entity413 ) 0.042mm; peak II, K(m)( @entity855 ) 0.66mm, K(m)( @entity413 ) 0.043mm. The purified cytoplasmic hexokinase Michaelis constants were: peak I, K(m)( @entity855 ) 0.56mm, K(m)( @entity413 ) 0.048mm; peak II, K(m)( @entity855 ) 0.68mm, K(m)( @entity413 ) 0.062mm. 5. Although no significant differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases were noted in chromatographic behaviour or in the kinetic properties studied, the purified mitochondrial enzyme was activated slightly (approx. 20%) by @entity6000 , in contrast with the cytoplasmic enzyme, which was not affected. 6. The results, taken to indicate basic similarity between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases, are discussed in relation to the role of the two sources of enzyme in the metabolism of the tissue.

title: XXXX . Comparison of properties of solubilized mitochondrial and cytoplasmic activities.

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral-cortex mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity550 :: (MESH:D000303,Disease) :: ['Cerebral-cortex hexokinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6595 can be histologically classified into two groups, low-grade ( @entity1893 ) and high-grade ( @entity1893 ); however, their natural history is poorly understood. We have studied a large retrospective series aiming to confirm whether the histological groups confer different clinical features and behavior and to analyze the prognostic factors in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 143 gastric B-cell @entity1074 is reported. Eighty-four were @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 59 were @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Median follow-up was 36 months. The clinical and analytical parameters of the 84 @entity1893 @entity1 were compared with those of the 59 @entity1893 @entity1 . In the @entity1 who had been operated on, the pathological features (macroscopical patterns, @entity5 size, involvement of resection margins, degree of parietal invasion and involvement of abdominal lymph nodes and adjacent viscera) of the @entity1893 @entity1 were compared with those of the @entity1893 @entity1 . The sites of relapses were studied. In the 132 treated and followed-up @entity1 the influence of the treatment and that of clinical, analytical and pathological features on survival were investigated with the Kaplan and Meier and log-rank tests. To identify the factors with independent influence on survival, a Cox model was fitted for the whole series and separately for 53 @entity1893 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1893 group differed from the @entity1893 group by a significantly higher frequency of @entity353 at presentation, palpable abdominal mass, @entity382 , @entity1897 , elevated serum LDH, higher incidence of stage III-IV and @entity5 /mass patterns in the endoscopy and in the gastrectomy specimen. The @entity5 was significantly larger in the @entity1893 group than in the @entity1893 and the deeper invasion of the gastric wall, the higher frequency of infiltration of the abdominal lymph nodes and the visceral extension were also significant in the @entity1893 group. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 91% of the @entity1 of the @entity1893 group, but was significantly lower, 70%, in the @entity1893 group. Relapses occurred in the stomach and also in non-MALT sites. In 132 treated and followed-up patients, elevated serum LDH, absence of CR, @entity1893 group and stage III-IV were associated with a worse survival. In the Cox multivariate model, stage was the only variable influencing survival, although stage was related to the histological grade. In the @entity1893 group, stage was also an independent significant risk factor, whereas treatment with surgery, chemotherapy or both was not. In the 103 @entity1 treated with surgery, a worse survival was associated with the involvement of the resection borders, depth of the infiltration of the gastric wall, dissemination to distant abdominal nodes and adjacent organs, but not with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histological classification into @entity1893 and @entity1893 separates distinctive groups of @entity6595 that show striking clinical and prognostic differences. Besides histological grade, stage is the most important prognostic feature.

title: Gastric B-cell mucosa-associated XXXX . Clinicopathological study and evaluation of the prognostic factors in 143 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric MALT lymphoma', 'gastric MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HG', 'low-grade lymphomas', 'LG', 'high-grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6595 can be histologically classified into two groups, low-grade ( @entity1893 ) and high-grade ( @entity1893 ); however, their natural history is poorly understood. We have studied a large retrospective series aiming to confirm whether the histological groups confer different clinical features and behavior and to analyze the prognostic factors in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 143 gastric B-cell @entity1074 is reported. Eighty-four were @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 59 were @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Median follow-up was 36 months. The clinical and analytical parameters of the 84 @entity1893 @entity1 were compared with those of the 59 @entity1893 @entity1 . In the @entity1 who had been operated on, the pathological features (macroscopical patterns, @entity5 size, involvement of resection margins, degree of parietal invasion and involvement of abdominal lymph nodes and adjacent viscera) of the @entity1893 @entity1 were compared with those of the @entity1893 @entity1 . The sites of relapses were studied. In the 132 treated and followed-up @entity1 the influence of the treatment and that of clinical, analytical and pathological features on survival were investigated with the Kaplan and Meier and log-rank tests. To identify the factors with independent influence on survival, a Cox model was fitted for the whole series and separately for 53 @entity1893 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1893 group differed from the @entity1893 group by a significantly higher frequency of @entity353 at presentation, palpable abdominal mass, @entity382 , @entity1897 , elevated serum LDH, higher incidence of stage III-IV and @entity5 /mass patterns in the endoscopy and in the gastrectomy specimen. The @entity5 was significantly larger in the @entity1893 group than in the @entity1893 and the deeper invasion of the gastric wall, the higher frequency of infiltration of the abdominal lymph nodes and the visceral extension were also significant in the @entity1893 group. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 91% of the @entity1 of the @entity1893 group, but was significantly lower, 70%, in the @entity1893 group. Relapses occurred in the stomach and also in non-MALT sites. In 132 treated and followed-up patients, elevated serum LDH, absence of CR, @entity1893 group and stage III-IV were associated with a worse survival. In the Cox multivariate model, stage was the only variable influencing survival, although stage was related to the histological grade. In the @entity1893 group, stage was also an independent significant risk factor, whereas treatment with surgery, chemotherapy or both was not. In the 103 @entity1 treated with surgery, a worse survival was associated with the involvement of the resection borders, depth of the infiltration of the gastric wall, dissemination to distant abdominal nodes and adjacent organs, but not with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histological classification into @entity1893 and @entity1893 separates distinctive groups of @entity6595 that show striking clinical and prognostic differences. Besides histological grade, stage is the most important prognostic feature.

title: Gastric B-cell mucosa-associated @entity1074 . Clinicopathological study and evaluation of the prognostic factors in 143 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinical and epidemiological features of @entity9042 ( @entity9042 ) were studied in a series comprising all the 212 @entity9042 @entity1 treated at Oulu University Central Hospital from 1964 to 1984. Altogether 294 @entity9042 @entity1 and relatives were examined ophthalmologically by the author. The prevalence rate of @entity9042 needing ophthalmic care was estimated to be 0.03% (75/260,000). The annual incidence was 0.0015% (75/260,000 per 20 years) and remained the same throughout the period studied. 62.7% (133) of the @entity1 were male and 37.3% (79) female. 73% were aged 24 years or younger at the onset of symptoms, the mean age of the males at the first examination being 26.5 +/- 8.2 years, and that of the females 30.6 +/- 13.7 years. Corneal transplantation was carried out on 65 of the 144 @entity1 coming from the area served by Oulu University Central Hospital. Familial @entity9042 was found in 19 of the 101 families investigated in the north of Finland (19%) and in 5 of the 58 from the south (9%). The higher frequency of familial @entity9042 in the north is probably due to the more pronounced effect of gene pooling in the larger families (mean family size 4.9 @entity1 as compared with 3.5 in the south). The inheritance was found to be attributable to a dominant autosomal mode in 24 out of 28 multiple-case families (85%), the disease being inherited from the mother in 15 cases and the father in 9. Data on the order of birth of keratoconic @entity1 were obtained from 159 families. 169 out of a total of 688 @entity1 were affected (25%). If families with only one @entity1 were excluded, then 47 of the 149 first @entity1 (32%) and 44 of the 149 second @entity1 (30%) had @entity9042 . Thus the disease is characterized by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. 122 HLA-A,B,C antigen typings were performed in 18 multiple-case families and the HLA genotypes expressed as haplotypes. In 15 families with more than one @entity1 affected, 27 keratoconic @entity1 were noted to share the mutual haplotype with the affected parent, whereas 3 had inherited the mutual haplotype from the healthy parent (p less than 0.001). The HLA haplotype could thus serve as a marker for @entity9042 inside the family. Connective tissue symptoms and @entity854 were seen in 31 out of 46 @entity9042 @entity1 (67%) and in 60 out of 122 first-degree relatives from the town of Oulu and its surroundings (49%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical and epidemiological features of XXXX genetic and external factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['KC', 'keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the preoperative signs and symptoms with the histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 @entity1548 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 @entity1 who had undergone periapical surgery from 2005 to 2008 were studied. The study included @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms before periapical surgery with a sufficient tissue sample (periapical lesion) for histologic analysis and a minimal follow-up of 12 months. The signs and symptoms present in the soft tissues at the initial examination were recorded. The histologic analysis established the diagnosis as @entity738 , cyst, or scar tissue. The postoperative healing at 12 months was evaluated according to the criteria of von @entity23019 and Kurt. RESULTS: Of the 152 @entity1 , 147, with 178 @entity1548 , were included in the present study. No significant relationship was found between the preoperative signs and symptoms, lesion type, and evolution. However, scar tissues were asymptomatic in 78.1%, and 36.4% of @entity738 were @entity158 . Of the 8 cysts, 50% were asymptomatic and 50% caused @entity158 . @entity82 created no soft tissue alterations in 68.7%. @entity738 had fistulized in 31.7%, and 75% of cysts had produced no alterations. The lesions with swelling had worse healing, and those with no soft tissue alterations had better postoperative healing. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity1548 ( @entity738 , @entity8650 ) are usually asymptomatic and do not create soft tissue alterations. However, they can deteriorate, producing @entity158 and fistulization. Worse postoperative healing was observed for lesions with swelling, although the difference was not significant.

title: Symptoms before periapical surgery related to histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrous scars']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['cyst, and scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1548 :: (MESH:D010483,Disease) :: ['periapical lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continent catheterizable @entity4628 require regular irrigations to reduce the risk of @entity793 and @entity293 ( @entity293 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the UTI rate, @entity1 friendliness, and costs of standard sterile irrigation versus irrigation with tap water. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Twenty-three @entity1 participated in a prospective randomized two-arm crossover single-center trial. Aseptic intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) combined with sterile @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) 0.9% irrigation was compared with clean ISC and irrigation with tap water ( @entity2507 ) during two study periods of 90 d each. INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent daily pouch irrigations with @entity1219 0.9% solution or tap water. MEASUREMENTS: Urine @entity3542 dipstick tests were evaluated daily; urine culture (UC) and @entity1 friendliness were evaluated monthly. Costs were documented. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 3916 study days with @entity3542 testing and irrigation were analyzed, 1876 (48%) in the @entity1219 arm and 2040 (52%) in the @entity2507 arm. In the @entity1219 arm, 418 study days (22%) with @entity3542 -positive dipsticks were recorded, 219 d (11%) in the @entity2507 arm, significantly fewer (p=0.01). Of the 149 UCs, 96 (64%) were positive, 48 in each arm, revealing a total of 16 different germs. All @entity1 preferred the @entity2507 method. Monthly costs were up to 20 times lower in the @entity2507 arm. CONCLUSIONS: Pouch irrigation with sterile @entity1219 0.9% solution and tap water had comparable rates of positive UC. Irrigation with tap water significantly lowered the incidence of @entity3542 -positive study days and was substantially less costly and more @entity1 friendly than @entity1219 irrigation. We therefore recommend the use of tap water (or bottled water) instead of sterile @entity1219 0.9% solution for daily irrigation of continent catheterizable @entity4628 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12610000618055, http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12610000618055.aspx.

title: Irrigation of continent catheterizable XXXX : tap water can replace sterile solutions because it is safe, easy, and economical.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouches']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouches']


abstract: To determine the potential role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in cirrhotic @entity1 surviving a first episode of @entity298 ( @entity298 ), medical records of 79 @entity1 presenting with a first episode of @entity298 were reviewed. Of these @entity1 , 37 were selected as potential candidates for OLT using the following criteria: absence of @entity157 ; no severe organ failure other than the liver; age < or = 66 years; and survival after @entity298 > 60 days. Survival time was calculated from the day of @entity298 diagnosis. Prognostic value of clinical, biological and bacteriological data recorded at the time of @entity298 was determined using univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox's regression model). Survival rate of the potential candidates for OLT at 3 months, 1 year and 2 years was 94, 46 and 30% respectively. Serum @entity1011 value (P = 0.001) and Pugh score (P = 0.005) were independently correlated with @entity204 . The 1 year survival rate was 80% for the 11 @entity1 with a Pugh score < 10, and 26% for the 26 @entity1 with a Pugh score > or = 10. Our results suggest that after @entity298 , OLT should be considered in @entity1 with severe @entity409 . Survival of @entity1 with a moderate @entity409 (i.e. Pugh score < 10) might be relatively high.

title: Survival after a first episode of XXXX . Prognosis of potential candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['SBP', 'spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['spontaneous bacterial peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity1028 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity1 @entity1028 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity1028 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity1 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity731 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity1 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity439 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity556 . Arterial segments of aged @entity1 with severe @entity731 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity439 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity1028 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity439 were dissociated from those observed in @entity731 .

title: The dermatan @entity597 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in XXXX and in severe @entity731 while the heparan @entity597 pathway is disrupted.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity1028 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity1 @entity1028 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity1028 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity1 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity731 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity1 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity439 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity556 . Arterial segments of aged @entity1 with severe @entity731 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity439 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity1028 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity439 were dissociated from those observed in @entity731 .

title: The dermatan XXXX -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity439 and in severe @entity731 while the heparan @entity597 pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity1028 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity1 @entity1028 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity1028 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity1 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity731 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity1 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity439 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity556 . Arterial segments of aged @entity1 with severe @entity731 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity439 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity1028 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity439 were dissociated from those observed in @entity731 .

title: The dermatan @entity597 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity439 and in severe @entity731 while the heparan XXXX pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity1028 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity1 @entity1028 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity1028 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity1 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity731 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity1 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity439 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity556 . Arterial segments of aged @entity1 with severe @entity731 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity439 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity597 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity1028 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity439 were dissociated from those observed in @entity731 .

title: The dermatan @entity597 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity439 and in severe XXXX while the heparan @entity597 pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1575 . @entity1259 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity5 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity1 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity1726 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity1 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity236 , and @entity1665 . @entity1370 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity1 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity632 demonstrated that @entity1259 is more effective than @entity632 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity1259 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity157 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity1259 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of XXXX in the treatment of @entity157 . @entity1259 Study Group for @entity157 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1575 . @entity1259 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity5 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity1 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity1726 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity1 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity236 , and @entity1665 . @entity1370 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity1 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity632 demonstrated that @entity1259 is more effective than @entity632 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity1259 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity157 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity1259 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 . XXXX Study Group for @entity157 ].

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1575 . @entity1259 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity5 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity1 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity1726 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity1 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity236 , and @entity1665 . @entity1370 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity1 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity632 demonstrated that @entity1259 is more effective than @entity632 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity1259 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity157 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity1259 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of XXXX . @entity1259 Study Group for @entity157 ].

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1575 . @entity1259 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity5 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity1 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity1726 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity1 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity236 , and @entity1665 . @entity1370 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity1 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity632 demonstrated that @entity1259 is more effective than @entity632 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity1259 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity157 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity1259 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 . @entity1259 Study Group for XXXX ].

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the miscibility of a drug and coformer, as predicted by Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs), can indicate @entity8233 and guide cocrystal screening. It was also our aim to evaluate various HSPs-based approaches in miscibility prediction. HSPs for @entity3352 (the model drug) and over thirty coformers were calculated according to the group contribution method. Differences in the HSPs between @entity3352 and each coformer were then calculated using three established approaches, and the miscibility was predicted. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the experimental miscibility and @entity8233 . The formation of cocrystals was also verified using liquid-assisted grinding. All except one of the drug-coformers that were predicted to be miscible were confirmed experimentally as miscible. All tested theoretical approaches were in agreement in predicting miscibility. All systems that formed cocrystals were miscible. Remarkably, two new cocrystals of @entity3352 were discovered in this study. Though it may be necessary to test this approach in a wide range of different coformer and drug compound types for accurate generalizations, the trends with tested systems were clear and suggest that the drug and coformer should be miscible for @entity8233 . Thus, predicting the miscibility of cocrystal components using solubility parameters can guide the selection of potential coformers prior to exhaustive cocrystal screening work.

title: Hansen solubility parameter as a tool to predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['cocrystal formation']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['cocrystal formation']


abstract: A multicenter randomized study was conducted to compare the effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) with that of @entity1863 in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic phase. From October 1988 to October 1991, 170 @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3027 or @entity1863 . Of 159 eligible @entity1 , 31 (38.8%) of 80 @entity1 in the @entity3027 group and 43 (54.4%) of 79 @entity1 in the @entity1863 group achieved complete hematologic remission, and 38.8% in the @entity3027 group and 43.0% in the @entity1863 group achieved partial hematologic remission. A complete cytogenetic response was induced in seven (8.8%) of 80 @entity1 treated with @entity3027 and two (2.5%) of 79 @entity1 treated with @entity1863 , and a partial cytogenetic response was 7.5% (6/80) and 2.5% (2/79), respectively. The difference in major (complete and partial) cytogenetic response between the two groups was significant (P = .046). At a median follow-up of 50 months, the predicted 5-year survival rate was 54% in the @entity3027 group and 32% in the @entity1863 group (P = .0290), and the predicted 5-year rate of remaining in chronic phase was 41% in the @entity3027 group and 29% in the @entity1863 group (P = .1165). As compared with the @entity1 with no cytogenetic response, the @entity1 with any cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor) after the @entity3027 or @entity1863 treatment were significantly superior in the duration of chronic phase ( @entity3027 group; P = .0017, @entity1863 group; P = .0010) even after correction for the time to response using the landmark analysis. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate in the @entity3027 group (P = .1065). There was no significant difference in survival rate (P = .3923) and the duration of chronic phase (P = .6258) between the @entity3027 and the @entity1863 group in the @entity1 with a cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor). These results demonstrate that @entity3027 treatment produces a significantly superior cytogenetic response and survival rate as compared with the @entity1863 treatment, and unexpectedly, that @entity1863 can also eliminate Philadelphia chromosome positive clone in a few @entity1 who showed prolonged survival rate and duration of chronic phase.

title: A randomized trial comparing interferon-alpha with @entity1863 for newly diagnosed XXXX in chronic phase.

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: A multicenter randomized study was conducted to compare the effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) with that of @entity1863 in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic phase. From October 1988 to October 1991, 170 @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3027 or @entity1863 . Of 159 eligible @entity1 , 31 (38.8%) of 80 @entity1 in the @entity3027 group and 43 (54.4%) of 79 @entity1 in the @entity1863 group achieved complete hematologic remission, and 38.8% in the @entity3027 group and 43.0% in the @entity1863 group achieved partial hematologic remission. A complete cytogenetic response was induced in seven (8.8%) of 80 @entity1 treated with @entity3027 and two (2.5%) of 79 @entity1 treated with @entity1863 , and a partial cytogenetic response was 7.5% (6/80) and 2.5% (2/79), respectively. The difference in major (complete and partial) cytogenetic response between the two groups was significant (P = .046). At a median follow-up of 50 months, the predicted 5-year survival rate was 54% in the @entity3027 group and 32% in the @entity1863 group (P = .0290), and the predicted 5-year rate of remaining in chronic phase was 41% in the @entity3027 group and 29% in the @entity1863 group (P = .1165). As compared with the @entity1 with no cytogenetic response, the @entity1 with any cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor) after the @entity3027 or @entity1863 treatment were significantly superior in the duration of chronic phase ( @entity3027 group; P = .0017, @entity1863 group; P = .0010) even after correction for the time to response using the landmark analysis. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate in the @entity3027 group (P = .1065). There was no significant difference in survival rate (P = .3923) and the duration of chronic phase (P = .6258) between the @entity3027 and the @entity1863 group in the @entity1 with a cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor). These results demonstrate that @entity3027 treatment produces a significantly superior cytogenetic response and survival rate as compared with the @entity1863 treatment, and unexpectedly, that @entity1863 can also eliminate Philadelphia chromosome positive clone in a few @entity1 who showed prolonged survival rate and duration of chronic phase.

title: A randomized trial comparing interferon-alpha with XXXX for newly diagnosed @entity1860 in chronic phase.

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: New factors that influence the viral response in @entity3531 non-genotype 2/3 @entity1 must be identified in order to optimize anti-HCV treatment. This multicenter prospective study evaluates the influence of @entity3531 variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response of these @entity1 to pegylated interferon a2a (peg-IFN-a2a: 180   g/week) and @entity5371 ( @entity17734 ; 800-1,200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. @entity3531 subtypes were identified by sequencing the NS5B region. Serum RBV and peg- @entity3027 2a concentrations were measured at weeks 4 and 12. The 115 @entity1 (67 @entity1 ; median age = 49, range 31-76) included 64 who had never been treated and 27 co-infected with @entity645 . The mean baseline @entity3531 RNA was 6.30    0.06 log IU/ml and the @entity3531 genotypes were: G1 (n = 93) with 1a (n = 37) and 1b (n = 50), G4 (n = 20) and G5 (n = 2). Most @entity1 (79/108; 73%) had an early virological response. Independent predictors of an early virological response were interferon naive @entity1 (OR=    2.98, 95% CI: 1.15-7.72) and RBV of >2,200 ng/ml at week 12 (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.31-8.90). Forty of 104 @entity1 (38%) had a sustained virological response. The only independent predictors of a sustained virological response were subtype 1b (OR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.7-26.8), and @entity3531 RNA <15 IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 25, 95% CI: 6.4-97.6). Thus a serum RBV concentration of >2,200 ng/ml was associated with an early virological response and @entity1 infected with @entity3531 subtype 1b had a better chance of a sustained virological response than did those infected with subtype 1a.

title: Influence of XXXX genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha-2a plus @entity5371 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5371 :: ('MESH:D012254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribavirin']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['HCV']


abstract: New factors that influence the viral response in @entity3531 non-genotype 2/3 @entity1 must be identified in order to optimize anti-HCV treatment. This multicenter prospective study evaluates the influence of @entity3531 variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response of these @entity1 to pegylated interferon a2a (peg-IFN-a2a: 180   g/week) and @entity5371 ( @entity17734 ; 800-1,200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. @entity3531 subtypes were identified by sequencing the NS5B region. Serum RBV and peg- @entity3027 2a concentrations were measured at weeks 4 and 12. The 115 @entity1 (67 @entity1 ; median age = 49, range 31-76) included 64 who had never been treated and 27 co-infected with @entity645 . The mean baseline @entity3531 RNA was 6.30    0.06 log IU/ml and the @entity3531 genotypes were: G1 (n = 93) with 1a (n = 37) and 1b (n = 50), G4 (n = 20) and G5 (n = 2). Most @entity1 (79/108; 73%) had an early virological response. Independent predictors of an early virological response were interferon naive @entity1 (OR=    2.98, 95% CI: 1.15-7.72) and RBV of >2,200 ng/ml at week 12 (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.31-8.90). Forty of 104 @entity1 (38%) had a sustained virological response. The only independent predictors of a sustained virological response were subtype 1b (OR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.7-26.8), and @entity3531 RNA <15 IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 25, 95% CI: 6.4-97.6). Thus a serum RBV concentration of >2,200 ng/ml was associated with an early virological response and @entity1 infected with @entity3531 subtype 1b had a better chance of a sustained virological response than did those infected with subtype 1a.

title: Influence of @entity3531 genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha-2a plus XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity5371 :: (MESH:D012254,Chemical) :: ['ribavirin']


abstract: The bone marrow of 11 @entity1 with @entity151 , who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One @entity1 , after a prodrome of @entity417 and @entity882 , developed @entity3052 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months @entity1778 developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four @entity1 who remain alive and disease free. In one of these @entity1 marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other @entity1 showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All @entity1 showed some degree of @entity2007 on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no @entity2214 was detected in any @entity1 . Follow-up for the development of secondary @entity3052 and other long-term complications continues in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1778 and myelodysplasia in XXXX . Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['before frank leukemia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The bone marrow of 11 @entity1 with @entity151 , who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One @entity1 , after a prodrome of @entity417 and @entity882 , developed @entity3052 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months @entity1778 developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four @entity1 who remain alive and disease free. In one of these @entity1 marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other @entity1 showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All @entity1 showed some degree of @entity2007 on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no @entity2214 was detected in any @entity1 . Follow-up for the development of secondary @entity3052 and other long-term complications continues in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and myelodysplasia in @entity151 . Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Therapy-related leukemia']


abstract: We demonstrate here that complex I-III of @entity291 heart mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by @entity632 derivatives. This inhibition is a @entity6894 -dependent process. This lipid, specific to the inner mitochondrial membrane, has been shown previously to interact specifically with @entity632 in model membranes (Goormaghtigh, E., Chatelain, P., Caspers, J. and Ruysschaert, J.-M. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 597, 1-14) and in mitochondrial membranes (Cheneval, D., M  ller, M., Toni, R., Ruetz, S. and Carafoli, E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13003-13007). The differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that, in multilamellar liposomes, the formation of antibiotic- @entity6894 complexes induces a clustering of @entity6894 molecules. Conformational analysis of the antibiotic- @entity6894 complexes suggests that plane-plane interactions between the antibiotics aromatic moieties stabilize this complex formation. Possible mechanisms of inactivation of complex I-III by @entity632 are proposed.

title: Mechanism of inhibition of mitochondrial enzymatic complex I-III by XXXX derivatives.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: Postural @entity7577 occurs more frequently than usually realized. The cause is multifactorial with certain predisposing anatomic and congenital factors that are not uncommon. An inciting event is required to cause a clinically significant syndrome. The event can be a specific traumatic episode or cumulative @entity130 leading to an adoption of a guarding posture, which results in a self-perpetuating cycle and brachial @entity2850 . The diagnosis and management may be complicated by concurrent @entity2850 , concurrent @entity6865 , and associated inflammatory musculotendinous conditions. Diagnosis relies on the appreciation of a peculiar symptom complex of @entity158 and @entity809 . The important clinical signs are a supraclavicular Tinel's sign and a positive stress abduction test. Treatment includes exercises, @entity1 education, and behavior modification. However, misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment, such as unnecessary carpal and cubital tunnel releases. Operative treatment is reserved for those severe cases that are resistant to extended and intense physical therapy. The preferred surgical technique involves an anterior, supraclavicular approach allowing for complete visualization and release of @entity2850 . Awareness is the key to making the diagnosis, and successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is generally accepted that @entity1897 result in serious losses of function. Paresthesias and motor weakness cause immediate functional limitation, and place the hand at risk for @entity130 . The system has little regenerative capacity, and the chance for recovery is poor even under the best circumstances. Therefore the treatment of @entity697 can be difficult and frustrating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nerve injury complications. Management of neurogenic XXXX syndromes.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute nerve injuries']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['plexus nerve compression', 'intrinsic and extrinsic nerve compression', 'vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus compression neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to peripheral nerves']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['further injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A procedure has been developed which allows the immobilization on glass-fiber sheets coated with the polyquaternary @entity6115 , @entity9850 , of proteins and protein fragments previously separated on @entity3208 -containing @entity2975 gels. The transfer is carried out essentially as has been used for protein blotting on nitrocellulose membranes [Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354], but is now used to determine the @entity535 composition and partial sequence of the immobilized proteins. Protein transfer could be carried out after staining the proteins in the gels with Coomassie blue, by which immobilized proteins are visible as blue spots, or without previous staining, after which transferred proteins are detected as fluorescent spots following reaction with @entity30297 . The latter procedure was found to be more efficient and yielded binding capacities of +/- 20 micrograms/cm2. @entity30297 detection was of equal or higher sensitivity than the classical Coomassie staining of proteins in the gel. Immobilized proteins could be hydrolyzed when still present on the glass fiber and reliable @entity535 compositions were obtained for various reference proteins immobilized in less than 100 pmol quantities. In addition, and more importantly, glass-fiber-bound proteins could be subjected to the Edman degradation procedure by simply cutting out the area of the sheet carrying the immobilized protein and mounting the disc in the reaction chamber of the gas-phase sequenator. Results of this immobilization-sequencing technique are shown for immobilized myoglobin (1 nmol) and two proteolytic fragments of actin (+/- 80 pmol each) previously separated on a @entity1372 - @entity31092 -containing gel.

title: Protein-blotting on XXXX -coated glass-fiber sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on @entity3208 / @entity2975 gel.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity31092 :: ('MESH:C028913', 'Chemical') :: ['dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity9850 :: ('MESH:D006583', 'Chemical') :: ['Polybrene']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity30297 :: ('MESH:D005450', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescamine', 'Fluorescamine']

answer: @entity9850 :: (MESH:D006583,Chemical) :: ['Polybrene']


abstract: A procedure has been developed which allows the immobilization on glass-fiber sheets coated with the polyquaternary @entity6115 , @entity9850 , of proteins and protein fragments previously separated on @entity3208 -containing @entity2975 gels. The transfer is carried out essentially as has been used for protein blotting on nitrocellulose membranes [Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354], but is now used to determine the @entity535 composition and partial sequence of the immobilized proteins. Protein transfer could be carried out after staining the proteins in the gels with Coomassie blue, by which immobilized proteins are visible as blue spots, or without previous staining, after which transferred proteins are detected as fluorescent spots following reaction with @entity30297 . The latter procedure was found to be more efficient and yielded binding capacities of +/- 20 micrograms/cm2. @entity30297 detection was of equal or higher sensitivity than the classical Coomassie staining of proteins in the gel. Immobilized proteins could be hydrolyzed when still present on the glass fiber and reliable @entity535 compositions were obtained for various reference proteins immobilized in less than 100 pmol quantities. In addition, and more importantly, glass-fiber-bound proteins could be subjected to the Edman degradation procedure by simply cutting out the area of the sheet carrying the immobilized protein and mounting the disc in the reaction chamber of the gas-phase sequenator. Results of this immobilization-sequencing technique are shown for immobilized myoglobin (1 nmol) and two proteolytic fragments of actin (+/- 80 pmol each) previously separated on a @entity1372 - @entity31092 -containing gel.

title: Protein-blotting on @entity9850 -coated glass-fiber sheets. A basis for acid hydrolysis and gas-phase sequencing of picomole quantities of protein previously separated on XXXX / @entity2975 gel.

answer: @entity3208 :: (MESH:D012967,Chemical) :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']