abstract: AIM: To investigate and compare the effect on @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) of a long intestinal tube inserted by two different endoscopic placements which are transnasal ultrathin endoscopy and conventional endoscopy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 who had been diagnosed as suffering from @entity1744 underwent long tube insertion placed by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy were included as subjects. Thirty-two @entity1 who had undergone insertion of a long tube placed by conventional endoscopy were included as controls. The success rate of intubation of the small bowel, the time required for the procedure, and complications were compared between the subjects and controls. RESULTS: The success rate of intubation was 100% (29/29) in subjects and 93.8% (30/32) in controls, without a significant difference (P = 0.493). There are 2 failed cases that the procedure was attempted near 60 min in 2 @entity1 who had performed @entity1605 before, and the intestinal tube could not be inserted into efferent loops of jejunum in controls. The mean time required for the procedure was 15.3 min in subjects and 22.9 min in controls, respectively, and with a significant difference (P < 0.001). @entity1415 occurred in both groups, and 2 cases encountered @entity548 of the gastrointestinal tract in controls. CONCLUSION: Long tube insertion facilitated by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy takes shorter time and has a higher success rate compared with the procedure conducted with the help of conventional endoscopy. It is safe and useful to insert a long intestinal tube assisted by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy for the decompression of small bowel.

title: Two different endoscopic long intestinal tube placements for XXXX : Transnasal ultrathin endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Billroth II anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['Epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 is administered to prevent stent @entity715 ; however, the uniformity of platelet inhibition after treatment and the influence of pretreatment reactivity on drug response have not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Platelet aggregation (5 and 20 micromol/L @entity857 ), the activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity23022 antibody), and the expression of @entity8729 were measured in @entity1 undergoing elective coronary stenting (n=96) at baseline and at 2 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, and 30 days after stenting. All @entity1 received @entity117 (325 mg). @entity1397 (300 mg) was administered in the catheterization laboratory and followed by 75 mg daily. There was marked interindividual variability in drug response as measured by all markers that showed a normal distribution. Resistance, defined as baseline aggregation (%) minus posttreatment aggregation (%) < or =10% by 5 micromol/L @entity857 , was present in 31% and 15% of @entity1 at 5 and 30 days, respectively. @entity1 with the highest pretreatment platelet reactivity remained the most reactive at 24 hours after treatment (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Interindividual variability in the platelet inhibitory response from @entity1397 occurs in @entity1 undergoing elective coronary stenting. @entity1 with high pretreatment reactivity are least protected. Alternative pharmacological strategies and the association of adverse @entity63 events should be investigated in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX for coronary stenting: response variability, drug resistance, and the effect of pretreatment platelet reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['Clopidogrel']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Expert consensus recommends testing pleural fluid for pH to assist the selection of @entity1 with @entity3483 for pleurodesis. Although published studies report an association between pleural fluid pH and @entity1 outcomes after pleurodesis, clinicians have no definitive information on how to use pH to select @entity1 for pleurodesis. Thus, we quantitatively assessed different methods for deriving likelihood ratios from pleural fluid pH and evaluated the potential role of pH in selecting @entity1 for pleurodesis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, systematic reviews, article reference lists, and contact with primary authors. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that assessed the impact of pleural fluid pH on survival and @entity177 rates among @entity1 with @entity3483 . DATA EXTRACTION: Primary authors provided their data in electronic spreadsheets. DATA SYNTHESIS: Retrieved data sets included survival and @entity177 rates for 417 @entity1 and 433 @entity1 , respectively. Binary, multilevel, and continuous likelihood ratios were calculated to estimate the likelihood of @entity204 within 3 months of pleurodesis or @entity177 rates. Values for the likelihood ratios were compared for each of the three strategies, and relative clinical and statistical significance were assessed. Pleural fluid pH had marginal performance for identifying @entity1 with < 3-month anticipated survival; binary likelihood ratios provided as much information as the multilevel and continuous strategies. Likelihood ratios for identifying @entity1 likely to fail pleurodesis were clinically useful. Continuous likelihood ratios provided statistically more information as compared with the multilevel and binary strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural fluid pH has marginal value for estimating @entity204 within 3 months of pleurodesis, and binary likelihood ratios (cut point </= 7.20) perform as well as the other strategies assessed. Pleural fluid pH provides more useful information for estimating the likelihood of @entity177 for which continuous likelihood ratios provide the most information as compared with binary or multilevel likelihood ratios.

title: Multilevel and continuous pleural fluid pH likelihood ratios for evaluating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pleurodesis failure']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the accuracy of modern laboratory tests for the diagnosis of serious @entity2348 in newborns. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords newborn, @entity281 , @entity295 , and diagnosis. We included studies published from 1995 through 2001 that included @entity1 younger than 90 days with proven bacterial growth in a sample from a sterile site. Whenever possible, relevant data were extracted to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs) for whether each test can diagnose a serious @entity2348 . Two independent reviewers selected and reviewed the articles (interobserver agreement, kappa = 0.80). All disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Of the 137 citations we retrieved, 37 articles met the inclusion criteria; 17 studies, evaluating 11 different tests, met the highest methodological criteria. The most commonly evaluated test was @entity650 ( @entity650 ) level (n = 7 studies). The remaining tests were each evaluated in no more than 3 studies. Positive LRs ranged from 1.5 to infinity. Six individual tests examined in 8 studies had LRs of more than 10 (range, 12.5- infinity ). Combined tests also had a wide range of LRs (3.4-9.9). All studies were performed in single medical centers and had small sample sizes, making recommendations according to gestational age criteria difficult. CONCLUSIONS: We found few methodologically rigorous studies of the accuracy of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of @entity2348 in newborns; in a significant proportion of studies, the accuracy of the tests could not be independently determined because of a lack of adequate data. There was marked heterogeneity in sample selection and cutoff levels for diagnosis of @entity295 . A few tests showed promising accuracy, but there are insufficient data to support their confident use as clinical tools.

title: Beyond the complete blood cell count and C-reactive protein: a systematic review of modern diagnostic tests for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['neonatal sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity5 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity5 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity1 with a potential @entity5 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) gene expression is @entity5 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity3419 promoter element in a large @entity1 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity1820 @entity1 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity10431 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity10431 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity3419 to region -152/-135 in @entity5 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity356 @entity1 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity18720 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity356 @entity1 . A significant correlation between @entity18720 (P < 0.0001) and @entity3419 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity10431 expression was observed in @entity5 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity1 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity5 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity10431 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity5 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity1 with @entity5 -restricted @entity10431 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity18720 / XXXX element of the @entity10431 promoter in a first large series of resected @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['u-PAR', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3419 :: (6667,Gene) :: ['Sp1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity5 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity5 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity1 with a potential @entity5 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) gene expression is @entity5 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity3419 promoter element in a large @entity1 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity1820 @entity1 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity10431 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity10431 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity3419 to region -152/-135 in @entity5 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity356 @entity1 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity18720 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity356 @entity1 . A significant correlation between @entity18720 (P < 0.0001) and @entity3419 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity10431 expression was observed in @entity5 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity1 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity5 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity10431 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity5 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity1 with @entity5 -restricted @entity10431 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity18720 / @entity3419 element of the @entity10431 promoter in a first large series of resected XXXX .

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity5 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity5 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity1 with a potential @entity5 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) gene expression is @entity5 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity3419 promoter element in a large @entity1 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity1820 @entity1 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity10431 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity10431 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity3419 to region -152/-135 in @entity5 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity356 @entity1 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity18720 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity356 @entity1 . A significant correlation between @entity18720 (P < 0.0001) and @entity3419 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity10431 expression was observed in @entity5 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity1 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity5 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity10431 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity5 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity1 with @entity5 -restricted @entity10431 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an XXXX / @entity3419 element of the @entity10431 promoter in a first large series of resected @entity1820 .

answer: @entity18720 :: (7020,Gene) :: ['activator protein-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity5 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity5 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity1 with a potential @entity5 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) gene expression is @entity5 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity3419 promoter element in a large @entity1 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity1820 @entity1 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity10431 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity10431 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity3419 to region -152/-135 in @entity5 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity356 @entity1 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity18720 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity356 @entity1 . A significant correlation between @entity18720 (P < 0.0001) and @entity3419 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity10431 expression was observed in @entity5 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity1 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity5 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity10431 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity5 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity1 with @entity5 -restricted @entity10431 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity18720 / @entity3419 element of the XXXX promoter in a first large series of resected @entity1820 .

answer: @entity10431 :: (5329,Gene) :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 survivors in Alaska and elsewhere have unmet support needs. The @entity1 's @entity263 Survivorship Retreat, or " @entity1 's retreat," was developed targeting Alaska Native and non-Native @entity1 who were survivors of @entity263 . The program brought together survivors in a supportive environment to discuss and share their experiences. OBJECTIVE: Despite the proven effectiveness of support groups for improving quality of life for @entity5 @entity1 , @entity1 typically do not participate in formal support groups. This descriptive study was conducted to explore the needs of Alaska Native and @entity263 survivors and assess satisfaction and acceptability of a @entity1 's @entity5 survivorship retreat in Alaska. METHODS: @entity263 survivors (N=80) who attended @entity1 's retreats during 2009-2013 were asked to complete a retreat application and post-retreat evaluation. Comments regarding social support, helpful and valuable aspects of the retreat including overall satisfaction were reported. RESULTS: A @entity1 's retreat with activities that engage @entity1 can be successful for @entity263 survivors. Many @entity1 returned for successive retreats. After the retreat, 97% of the @entity1 said they would continue with support activities. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 's retreat provides a valued opportunity for @entity1 to interact with other survivors and access information from health professionals. The results from this study highlight a successful model for social support and resources specific to male @entity263 survivors.

title: Development and evaluation of a support program for XXXX survivors in Alaska.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['non-Native prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: To report the functional and oncologic results of larynx preservation surgery with free flap reconstruction for @entity189 . Retrospective medical chart review. Tertiary care referral center. We present a series of seven @entity1 , who were treated for an advanced stage @entity189 between 1995 and 1998. All @entity1 underwent posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation via a suprahyoidal approach for @entity189 of the posterior pharyngeal wall, with radial forearm free flap reconstruction. Complications occurred in three @entity1 with grade 3 comorbidity, one of whom suffered flap loss. After a mean follow-up of 48 months, three @entity1 are alive without disease. One @entity1 is alive with a second primary @entity5772 . Two @entity1 died of disease, whereas one @entity1 died of another cause. All @entity1 could be decannulated and maintain their voice. Six out of seven @entity1 were able to take oral nutrition, although four @entity1 needed additional @entity970 -tube feeding. Posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation and radial forearm free flap reconstruction is feasible in selected @entity1 , with acceptable functional results and survival. However, the @entity1 must be aware of the risk of chronic aspiration and the possibility of long-term @entity970 feedings.

title: Larynx preservation surgery for advanced XXXX with free flap reconstruction: a critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1369 receptor blockade in @entity712 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity35 with moderate @entity583 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity62944 , the active metabolite of @entity1482 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity3372 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity1063 and @entity11474 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity62944 , @entity3372 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity62944 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity82 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity1063 content was decreased while @entity2224 threshold significantly augmented by @entity62944 . @entity11474 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62944 attenuated @entity384 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity35 model of @entity712 . Addition of @entity3372 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity62944 also reduced myocardial @entity1063 content and @entity2224 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity944 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity1369 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity712 . @entity35 with @entity712 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity62944 , or @entity3372 , or a combination of @entity62944 and @entity3372 . @entity62944 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity384 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity82 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, @entity62944 @entity2224 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity1063 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: @entity1369 receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and @entity2224 threshold in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62944 :: ('MESH:D002192', 'Chemical') :: ['Canrenone', 'canrenone']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'increased ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1369 receptor blockade in @entity712 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity35 with moderate @entity583 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity62944 , the active metabolite of @entity1482 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity3372 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity1063 and @entity11474 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity62944 , @entity3372 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity62944 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity82 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity1063 content was decreased while @entity2224 threshold significantly augmented by @entity62944 . @entity11474 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62944 attenuated @entity384 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity35 model of @entity712 . Addition of @entity3372 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity62944 also reduced myocardial @entity1063 content and @entity2224 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity944 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity1369 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity712 . @entity35 with @entity712 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity62944 , or @entity3372 , or a combination of @entity62944 and @entity3372 . @entity62944 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity384 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity82 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, @entity62944 @entity2224 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity1063 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: @entity1369 receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and XXXX threshold in experimental @entity712 .

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['increases ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1369 receptor blockade in @entity712 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity35 with moderate @entity583 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity62944 , the active metabolite of @entity1482 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity3372 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity1063 and @entity11474 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity62944 , @entity3372 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity62944 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity82 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity1063 content was decreased while @entity2224 threshold significantly augmented by @entity62944 . @entity11474 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62944 attenuated @entity384 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity35 model of @entity712 . Addition of @entity3372 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity62944 also reduced myocardial @entity1063 content and @entity2224 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity944 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity1369 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity712 . @entity35 with @entity712 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity62944 , or @entity3372 , or a combination of @entity62944 and @entity3372 . @entity62944 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity384 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity82 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, @entity62944 @entity2224 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity1063 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: XXXX receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and @entity2224 threshold in experimental @entity712 .

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['Aldosterone']


abstract: @entity61738 can be adsorbed onto a methylated @entity3440 surface in a monomolecular layer via its transmembrane hydrophobic protein core domain. Due to electrostatic repulsion, its anionic glycosaminoglycan side chains are stretched out into the blood substitute solution, thereby representing a receptor site for specific lipoprotein binding through basic @entity535 -rich residues within their apolipoproteins. The binding process was studied by ellipsometric techniques suggesting that HDL has a high binding affinity and a protective effect on interfacial heparan @entity597 proteoglycan layers with respect to LDL and @entity141 complexation. LDL was found to be deposited strongly at the proteoheparan @entity597 -coated surface, particularly in the presence of @entity141 , apparently through complex formation 'proteoglycan-low density lipoprotein- @entity460 '. This ternary complex build-up may be interpreted as arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation on the molecular level responsible for the @entity75 . In a receptor-based biosensor application, this system was tested on its reliability to unveil possible acute pleiotropic effects of the lipid lowering drug @entity5470 . The VLDL/IDL/LDL and VLDL/IDL/LDL/HDL plasma fractions from a high risk @entity1 with dyslipoproteinaemia and @entity6 showed the start of arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation at a normal blood @entity141 concentration, with a strong increase at higher @entity141 concentrations. Nanoplaque formation and size of the HDL-containing lipid fraction remained well below that of the LDL-containing lipid fraction. @entity5470 , whether applied acutely to the @entity1 (one single 80 mg slow release matrix tablet) or in a 2-month medication regimen, markedly slowed down this process of ternary aggregational nanoplaque build-up and substantially inhibited nanoplaque size development at all @entity141 concentrations used. The acute action gave no significant change in lipid concentrations of the @entity1 . Furthermore, after nanoplaque generation, @entity5470 , similar to HDL, was able to reduce nanoplaque formation and size. These immediate effects of @entity5470 have to be taken into consideration when interpreting the clinical outcome of long-term studies.

title: Reduction of arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation and size by XXXX in a receptor-based biosensor model.

entities_list: @entity5470 :: ('MESH:C065180', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvastatin', 'Fluvastatin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity61738 :: ('MESH:D019812', 'Chemical') :: ['Proteoheparan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity5470 :: (MESH:C065180,Chemical) :: ['fluvastatin']


abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the evidence from rigorous clinical trials of the use of hawthorn extract to treat @entity1 with @entity712 . We searched the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CISCOM, and AMED. Experts on and manufacturers of commercial preparations containing hawthorn extract were asked to contribute published and unpublished studies. There were no restrictions about the language of publication. Two reviewers independently performed the screening of studies, selection, validation, data extraction, and the assessment of methodological quality. To be included, studies were required to state that they were randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled, and used hawthorn extract monopreparations. Thirteen trials met all inclusion criteria. In most of the studies, hawthorn was used as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Eight trials including 632 @entity1 with @entity712 (New York Heart Association classes I to III) provided data that were suitable for meta-analysis. For the physiologic outcome of maximal workload, treatment with hawthorn extract was more beneficial than placebo (weighted mean difference, 7 Watt; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3 to 11 Watt; P < 0.01; n = 310 @entity1 ). The pressure-heart rate product also showed a beneficial decrease (weighted mean difference, -20; 95% CI: -32 to -8; n = 264 @entity1 ) with hawthorn treatment. Symptoms such as @entity1353 and fatigue improved significantly with hawthorn treatment as compared with placebo. Reported adverse events were infrequent, mild, and transient; they included @entity344 . In conclusion, these results suggest that there is a significant benefit from hawthorn extract as an adjunctive treatment for @entity712 .

title: Hawthorn extract for treating XXXX : meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, dizziness, and cardiac and gastrointestinal complaints']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the temporal relationship between the development of self-reported symptoms of @entity3556 and the development of @entity458 among @entity1 in the community. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using postal surveys at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. SETTING: An urban four-partner general practice with 10000 registered @entity1 . POPULATION: All @entity1 aged 18-54 years on the practice age-sex register. METHODS: Baseline postal questionnaire with follow up questionnaires sent at 6 and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The associations between the development of heavy periods and @entity458 . RESULTS: Two thousand and four hundred and thirty-five baseline questionnaires were sent out with an initial response rate of 76%. One thousand and five hundred and thirteen @entity1 (62%) responded to all three questionnaires. @entity1 with @entity458 at baseline were more likely to develop heavy periods 6 months later than @entity1 without @entity147 (adjusted odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.15, 3.02). @entity1 with heavy periods at baseline were no more likely to develop @entity458 6 months later than @entity1 with @entity3257 (adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.73, 1.63). Similar findings existed with respect to @entity1867 and @entity548 . Results of the 12-month analysis were similar. CONCLUSION: In the community, @entity458 appears to influence the future self-reporting of heavy periods and other symptoms of @entity3556 .

title: Increased XXXX : a longitudinal study of their relationship in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postcoital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-heavy periods']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['vaginal bleeding and psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity120 associated with @entity712 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity1808 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity35 with large @entity583 or sham surgery received the @entity1808 receptor antagonist @entity7056 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity1188 groups developed @entity120 and @entity8158 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity1188 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity120 and @entity8158 were completely normalized by @entity7056 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity1188 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7056 . Lung weight doubled after @entity1188 with no evidence of @entity3126 and was also normalized by @entity7056 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity583 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity120 and @entity8158 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity1808 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity583 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and XXXX after @entity583 : complete reversal with @entity7056 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'progressive pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity120 associated with @entity712 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity1808 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity35 with large @entity583 or sham surgery received the @entity1808 receptor antagonist @entity7056 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity1188 groups developed @entity120 and @entity8158 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity1188 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity120 and @entity8158 were completely normalized by @entity7056 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity1188 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7056 . Lung weight doubled after @entity1188 with no evidence of @entity3126 and was also normalized by @entity7056 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity583 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity120 and @entity8158 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity1808 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity583 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and @entity120 after @entity583 : complete reversal with XXXX .

answer: @entity7056 :: (MESH:C081309,Chemical) :: ['irbesartan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity120 associated with @entity712 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity1808 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity35 with large @entity583 or sham surgery received the @entity1808 receptor antagonist @entity7056 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity1188 groups developed @entity120 and @entity8158 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity1188 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity120 and @entity8158 were completely normalized by @entity7056 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity1188 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7056 . Lung weight doubled after @entity1188 with no evidence of @entity3126 and was also normalized by @entity7056 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity583 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity120 and @entity8158 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity1808 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity583 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and @entity120 after XXXX : complete reversal with @entity7056 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: One hundred forty-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity150 Stages C or D1 were randomized between continuous-course radiotherapy (6,000 cGy in 30 fractions of 200 cGy each, over 6 weeks) and split-course radiotherapy (2,750 cGy in 10 fractions of 275 cGy each, over 2 weeks; a rest period of 3 weeks; 2,750 cGy in 2 weeks); 139 are analyzed in this report. Ninety-four percent of the @entity1 have been followed at least 5 years or until @entity204 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 45 to 80 with a median of 69. Seventy-six percent of the @entity1 were males and 58% had Stage C disease. In @entity1 with information on the size of the @entity5 , in 66% the lesion measured 5 cm or larger; 26% had a diameter of 8 cm or larger. In general, the treatment groups were well balanced with respect to @entity1 characteristics. Both treatment groups tolerated therapy well. Eighty-seven percent of the @entity1 completed therapy, 66% as planned. Fifty-four percent experienced at least one severe reaction, with the most common types being @entity294 (28%), frequency of urination (24%), soreness or burning on urination (25%), and urgency of urination (19%). Late effects of therapy were minimal. Median survival times were 11.5 months and 9.4 months for continuous-course and split-course, respectively. The treatment differences were not significant (p = 0.88; Mantel-Haenszel stratified by stage and sex). Forty percent of the @entity1 became free of all clinically detectable disease following radiotherapy either alone or in combination with additional surgery (40% for continuous-course, 4% cleared by surgery, and 39% for split-course, 3% cleared by surgery). When the @entity5 measured less than 5 cm, the clearance rate was 61% (20/33) vs. 33% (13/39) for 5-7.9 cm, and 24% (6/25) for 8 cm or larger (p less than 0.01; chi2 test for linear trend). For those who became disease free, median time disease free within the irradiated volume was 72 months for continuous-course and is currently undefined for split-course; median time disease free was 28 months and undefined, respectively. There were no significant treatment differences in @entity5 control for any of these endpoints. The ultimate long-term @entity5 control in the pelvis was 28% (19/68) for continuous- and 25% (18/71) for split-course therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Split-course radiotherapy of XXXX stages C and D1. A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the results, technique, and complications of transperitoneal laparoscopic (LSC) pelvic and aortic lymph node dissection (LND) using the @entity3503 -beam coagulator (ABC) and monopolar electrosurgical instruments in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 114 @entity1 who underwent LSC pelvic and/or aortic LND in addition to other LSC procedures between 1/1994 and 12/2001 was conducted. All intraoperative complications and complications that occurred within the first 30 postoperative days were included. Complications were graded according to an institutional surgical secondary events reference. During the same time period, 89 @entity1 underwent LSC followed immediately by laparotomy that included LND, resulting in a total of 203 cases. These 203 total cases are used as a denominator to determine the etiology of cases converted from LSC to laparotomy. Monopolar electrosurgical instruments or the 10-mm ABC (Conmed) set at 70 W with @entity3503 flow of 3-4 L/m min were used for laparoscopic nodal dissection. RESULTS: Sixty-one of 114 (53%) @entity1 underwent pelvic LND, 35 (31%) underwent both pelvic and aortic LND, and 18 (16%) underwent aortic LND only. Mean @entity1 age and body mass index were 53.3 years (range, 16 to 87 years) and 25 (range, 16 to 40), respectively. In addition, the mean number of pelvic and aortic lymph nodes removed was 10.7 (range, 1 to 39) and 5.7 (range, 0 to 21), respectively. The mean estimated @entity190 was 151 mL (range, 25 to 600 ml) and the mean hospital stay was 2.8 days (range, 0 to 35 days). Overall, complications occurred in eight (7%) cases. There were no fatal complications, and no @entity1 required conversion to laparotomy due to uncontrollable @entity548 from the laparoscopic nodal dissection. Only 17 of 203 (8%) @entity1 required conversion to laparotomy secondary to adhesions and unsatisfactory exposure. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pelvic and aortic LND for @entity5 can be satisfactorily performed in the majority of @entity1 , with only 8% of @entity1 requiring conversion to laparotomy due to adhesions or unsatisfactory exposure. The overall complication rate was 7% and was limited to grade 3 or less.

title: Transperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection using the XXXX -beam coagulator and monopolar instruments: an 8-year study and description of technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity3503 :: (MESH:D001128,Chemical) :: ['argon']


abstract: AIM: Three papers including five @entity1 have described en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: Six @entity1 (median age 63 years) underwent en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced (3) or recurrent (3) @entity5 involving the prostate. Quality of life questionnaires were answered postoperatively and the data prospectively entered in a database. RESULTS: One primary case had low anterior resection (LAR), the others abdominoperineal resections (APR) of R0 stage. Two recurrent cases had APRs and one @entity5 resection-all R1 stage. @entity834 led to construction of an ileal conduit in one @entity1 and in two healed on conservative treatment. Follow up was 10-50 months. One @entity1 died from distant metastases at 29 months postoperatively, one was operated for a single lung metastasis and one has disseminated lung metastases. None has developed local recurrence. Four of the five with anastomoses had good quality of life and none wanted an ileal conduit. CONCLUSION: In spite of a relatively high urinary leak rate the total complication rate seems to be lower than after pelvic exenteration. En bloc radical prostatectomy seems an option in selected @entity1 otherwise needing pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent @entity5 .

title: Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced primary or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of epicardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation in @entity1 with incessant @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). BACKGROUND: Management of @entity1 with incessant @entity1165 is a difficult clinical problem. Drugs and RF catheter ablation are not always effective. A nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial RF ablation can be an alternative in @entity1 refractory to conventional therapy. METHODS: Epicardial RF ablation was performed in 10 @entity1 who presented with incessant @entity1165 despite the use of two or more intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: In eight @entity1 , endocardial ablation (EdA) failed to control the @entity591 . In the remaining two @entity1 , epicardial ablation (EpA) was first attempted because of @entity1002 and severe @entity455 , respectively. Eight @entity1 had a diagnosis of @entity453 with healed @entity583 . One @entity1 had @entity384 , and one @entity1 had idiopathic, incessant @entity1165 . In @entity1 with structural @entity299 , the mean ejection fraction was 0.28 +/- 0.10%. Four @entity1 previously received an implantable defibrillator. The EpA effectively terminated the incessant @entity591 in eight @entity1 , which represents a success rate of 80%. In them, after a follow-up of 18 +/- 18 months, a single episode of a different @entity1165 was documented in one @entity1 . No significant complications occurred related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with incessant @entity1165 despite the use of drugs or standard EdA, the epicardial approach was very effective and should be considered as an alternative in this life-threatening situation.

title: Nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial radiofrequency ablation: an alternative in incessant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular thrombus']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures are believed to influence the sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) control. To further investigate this hypothesis, three groups of experiments with @entity8 ( @entity4247 ) were conducted. We investigated 1) the stop-flow pressure ( @entity13645 ) feedback response; 2) urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), subcapsular interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Psc), and interstitial oncotic pressure (pi int); and 3) the proximal-distal single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). The results showed that the @entity13645 feedback response was unaffected by @entity4247 elevation. Psc increased from 0.5 to 3.5 mmHg and pi int increased from 2.1 to 5.8 mmHg; thus, no change in net interstitial pressure (Psc - pi int) was found during elevated @entity4247 . There was a significant proximal-distal SNGFR difference during both control and elevated @entity4247 (8.0 and 6.3 nl/min, respectively). A 20% reduction in total GFR and SNGFR was observed at increased @entity4247 . In separate experiments using the same protocol, a 5% body wt/h volume expansion with saline was induced before @entity4247 was elevated. During volume expansion, TGF sensitivity declined and net interstitial pressure increased, both of which were normalized by increasing @entity4247 . The results show that the TGF sensitivity is normal during elevated @entity4247 to 20 mmHg and that the increase in Psc during this condition is counter-balanced by an increase in pi int. In addition, the decrease in GFR and SNGFR during increased @entity4247 cannot be explained by a change in TGF activity. However, these findings indicate that both interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures may influence the resetting of the TGF sensitivity.

title: Tubuloglomerular feedback during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['elevated renal venous pressure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['elevated renal venous pressure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK National Service Framework recommends @entity1 with suspected @entity712 undergo echocardiography. Selection of @entity1 for this investigation in primary care is difficult. It is not clear which clinical features best identify @entity1 with @entity1002 . AIM: Using echocardiography, to establish the accuracy of primary care diagnosis of @entity1002 . To investigate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of clinical features in the diagnosis of @entity1002 . STUDY: A cross-sectional study of 621 @entity1 from a population prescribed loop diuretics in 7 general practices. METHOD: Clinical diagnoses were extracted from general practice records. Symptoms, clinical signs, ECG features, brain natriuretic peptide levels and echocardiographic findings were studied in a research clinic. RESULTS: @entity1002 (ejection fraction <40%) was present in 50% of 621 @entity1 prescribed loop diuretics in primary care. General practice diagnoses showed high false positive rates. Individual or combinations of clinical features did not accurately predict @entity1002 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest the clinical diagnosis of @entity1002 is inaccurate in this population. General practitioners should have a low threshold for referring @entity1 prescribed loop diuretics for echocardiography. Increased open access echocardiography facilities will be needed.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX in general practice: implications for the UK National Service Framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improvement of self-care behaviour is an aim of several non-pharmacological nurse-led management programmes for @entity1 with @entity712 . These programmes are often evaluated based on their effects on readmission, costs and quality of life. It is, however, also important to know how @entity1 changed their self-care behaviour as a result of such a programme. Therefore a comprehensive, reliable and valid measure of the self-care behaviour of HF @entity1 is needed. OBJECTIVES: To develop a scale measuring the behaviour that @entity712 @entity1 perform to maintain life, healthy functioning, and well-being. METHOD: The European @entity712 Self-Care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) was developed in three phases: (1) concept analysis and first construction; (2) revision of items and response and scoring format; and (3) testing of the new scale for validity and reliability. RESULTS: The European @entity712 Self-Care Behaviour Scale is a 12-item, self-administered questionnaire that covers items concerning self-care behaviour of @entity1 with @entity712 . Face-validity and concurrent validity was established and the internal consistency of the scale was tested using pooled data of 442 @entity1 from two centres in Sweden, three in the Netherlands and one in Italy. Cronbachs's alpha was 0.81. CONCLUSION: The instrument is a valid, reliable and practical scale to measure the self-reported self-care behaviour of @entity712 @entity1 . It is ready to use by investigators evaluating the outcome of @entity712 management programmes that target changes in @entity1 ' self-care practices.

title: Development and testing of the European XXXX Self-Care Behaviour Scale.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity528 in the brain resulting from @entity159 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity35 was assessed. @entity410 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity15945 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity15945 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity1188 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity410 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity410 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity410 , moderate @entity528 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity16711 and @entity1249 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity1251 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity410 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity528 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: XXXX in well-oxygenated @entity35 causes @entity528 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarction']

entities_list: @entity15945 :: ('MESH:D005481', 'Chemical') :: ['flurothyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal necrosis', 'Neuronal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['Status epilepticus']


abstract: @entity528 in the brain resulting from @entity159 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity35 was assessed. @entity410 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity15945 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity15945 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity1188 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity410 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity410 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity410 , moderate @entity528 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity16711 and @entity1249 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity1251 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity410 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity528 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: @entity159 in well-oxygenated @entity35 causes XXXX .

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal necrosis']


abstract: @entity528 in the brain resulting from @entity159 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity35 was assessed. @entity410 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity15945 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity15945 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity1188 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity410 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity410 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity410 , moderate @entity528 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity16711 and @entity1249 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity1251 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity410 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity528 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: @entity159 in well-oxygenated XXXX causes @entity528 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Integrins are thought to be important receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) components on growing axons. Ventral motor axons in the trunk of embryonic @entity3392 grow in a midsegmental pathway through an environment rich in ECM components. To test the role of integrins in this process, integrin antagonists (the disintegrin @entity47317 in native and recombinant form, as well as the @entity9044 peptide) were injected into embryos just prior to axon outgrowth at 14-16 h postfertilization (hpf). All integrin antagonists affected growth of ventral motor nerves in a similar way and native @entity47317 was most effective. At 24 hpf, when only the three primary motor axons per trunk hemisegment had grown out, 80% (16 of 20) of the embryos analyzed had abnormal motor nerves after injection of native @entity47317 , corresponding to 19% (91 of 480) of all nerves. At 33 hpf, when secondary motor axons were present in the pathway, 100% of the embryos were affected (24 of 24), with 20% of all nerves analyzed (196 of 960) being abnormal. Phenotypes comprised abnormal branching (64% of all abnormal nerves) and truncations (36% of all abnormal nerves) of ventral motor nerves at 24 hpf and mostly branching of the nerves at 33 hpf (94% of all abnormal nerves). Caudal branches were at least twice as frequent as rostral branches. Surrounding trunk tissue and a number of other axon fascicles were apparently not affected by the injections. Thus integrin function contributes to both growth and pathfinding of axons in ventral motor nerves in the trunk of @entity3392 in vivo.

title: Integrin antagonists affect growth and pathfinding of ventral motor nerves in the trunk of embryonic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9044 :: ('MESH:C046617', 'Chemical') :: ['Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser']

entities_list: @entity47317 :: ('MESH:C057986', 'Chemical') :: ['echistatin']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity204 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity4767 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity1 with @entity5825 or @entity5826 with CNS @entity281 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity281 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 and @entity1 with EV71 @entity281 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity1 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity1 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity551 and died. The other 16 @entity1 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity1 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity6949 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity1 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity5422 have varying degrees of non- @entity63 @entity299 , manifesting as leakage of @entity6949 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity5422 likely to die with an early @entity296 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity6949 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity281 quickly leads to @entity204 due to severe @entity75 associated with @entity296 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early XXXX with @entity5422 after fatal enterovirus-71 @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['fatal EV71 central nervous system (CNS) infection']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['hand foot mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5826 :: ('MESH:D006557', 'Disease') :: ['herpangina']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial involvement']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity204 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity4767 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity1 with @entity5825 or @entity5826 with CNS @entity281 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity281 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 and @entity1 with EV71 @entity281 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity1 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity1 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity551 and died. The other 16 @entity1 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity1 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity6949 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity1 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity5422 have varying degrees of non- @entity63 @entity299 , manifesting as leakage of @entity6949 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity5422 likely to die with an early @entity296 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity6949 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity281 quickly leads to @entity204 due to severe @entity75 associated with @entity296 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early @entity296 with @entity5422 after fatal enterovirus-71 XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity204 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity4767 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity1 with @entity5825 or @entity5826 with CNS @entity281 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity281 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 and @entity1 with EV71 @entity281 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity1 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity1 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity551 and died. The other 16 @entity1 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity1 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity6949 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity1 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity5422 have varying degrees of non- @entity63 @entity299 , manifesting as leakage of @entity6949 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity5422 likely to die with an early @entity296 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity6949 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity281 quickly leads to @entity204 due to severe @entity75 associated with @entity296 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early @entity296 with XXXX after fatal enterovirus-71 @entity281 .

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']


abstract: Acute cellular allograft rejection is characterized by leukocyte invasion and tissue destruction, associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment. Metabolism of ECM proteins is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), that are @entity219 depended endoproteinases. MMP, especially basement membrane degrading @entity11017 and @entity6929 , also facilitate tissue invasion of leukocytes. In addition, @entity11017 exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect upon glomerular mesangial cells. Therefore, the investigation of the role of MMP in transplant rejection may lead to novel approaches in the therapy of rejection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study of acute allograft rejection, formally addressing expression and activity of MMP, including the effect of a MMP inhibiting agent. For our studies, we used the orthotopic kidney allograft model in the stringent Dark Agouti-to-Lewis @entity35 combination. Animals were divided into four groups: group A, healthy untreated Lewis @entity35 (n=3); group B, sham operated Lewis @entity35 (n=3); group C, transplanted Lewis @entity35 treated with vehicle solution only (n=12); group D, transplanted Lewis @entity35 treated with MMP inhibitor @entity11556 (n=12). Respective animals were treated once daily intraperitonealy with @entity11556 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle solution only. Treatment lasted from the third preoperative day until the end of the experiment, the time of severe rejection at day +7. Acute kidney allograft rejection led to alterations in the expression and activity of MMP. Overall MMP activity slightly increased despite severe destruction of kidney histology. The MMP inhibitor @entity11556 successfully inhibited MMP activity to a high extent. MMP expression did not show uniform findings, since acute rejection led to differential expression of @entity11017 and @entity6929 . During the rejection process, @entity6929 showed a small but significant increase, whereas @entity11017 production decreased substantially. Interestingly, @entity11556 was able to keep @entity644 at a low level in transplanted animals. In conclusion, MMP-especially @entity6929 -appear to represent new mediators involved in acute kidney transplant rejection.

title: Differential expression of XXXX / @entity6929 and potential benefit of an MMP inhibitor in experimental acute kidney allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat strain', 'rats']

answer: @entity11017 :: (81686(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MMP-2']


abstract: Acute cellular allograft rejection is characterized by leukocyte invasion and tissue destruction, associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment. Metabolism of ECM proteins is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), that are @entity219 depended endoproteinases. MMP, especially basement membrane degrading @entity11017 and @entity6929 , also facilitate tissue invasion of leukocytes. In addition, @entity11017 exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect upon glomerular mesangial cells. Therefore, the investigation of the role of MMP in transplant rejection may lead to novel approaches in the therapy of rejection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study of acute allograft rejection, formally addressing expression and activity of MMP, including the effect of a MMP inhibiting agent. For our studies, we used the orthotopic kidney allograft model in the stringent Dark Agouti-to-Lewis @entity35 combination. Animals were divided into four groups: group A, healthy untreated Lewis @entity35 (n=3); group B, sham operated Lewis @entity35 (n=3); group C, transplanted Lewis @entity35 treated with vehicle solution only (n=12); group D, transplanted Lewis @entity35 treated with MMP inhibitor @entity11556 (n=12). Respective animals were treated once daily intraperitonealy with @entity11556 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle solution only. Treatment lasted from the third preoperative day until the end of the experiment, the time of severe rejection at day +7. Acute kidney allograft rejection led to alterations in the expression and activity of MMP. Overall MMP activity slightly increased despite severe destruction of kidney histology. The MMP inhibitor @entity11556 successfully inhibited MMP activity to a high extent. MMP expression did not show uniform findings, since acute rejection led to differential expression of @entity11017 and @entity6929 . During the rejection process, @entity6929 showed a small but significant increase, whereas @entity11017 production decreased substantially. Interestingly, @entity11556 was able to keep @entity644 at a low level in transplanted animals. In conclusion, MMP-especially @entity6929 -appear to represent new mediators involved in acute kidney transplant rejection.

title: Differential expression of @entity11017 / XXXX and potential benefit of an MMP inhibitor in experimental acute kidney allograft rejection.

answer: @entity6929 :: (81687(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MMP-9']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of Lenercept , a recombinant soluble TNF receptor @entity10736 fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain IgG1, on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in @entity295 . DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a subgroup of @entity1 enrolled in a multicenter phase III, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of Lenercept in severe @entity295 . SETTING: Surgical and medical intensive care units, and postoperative recovery room of a tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : A total of 57 @entity1 were enrolled in the multicenter study in our center. INTERVENTION: Septic @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either Lenercept 0.125 mg/kg or placebo. The @entity1 were followed for up to 28 days after randomization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Circulating levels of @entity310 , @entity650 , TNFsR75 and @entity1193 were measured before and after treatment. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, gender and diagnosis distribution. The total level of @entity310 increased significantly in treated @entity1 , compared to @entity1 receiving placebo. The levels of the other inflammatory mediators did not differ between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: Lenercept -treated @entity1 experienced a protracted @entity310 half-life, leading to higher total @entity310 levels throughout the study. However, the treatment had no effects on anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, peripheral inflammatory processes might not have been significantly modified by the treatment. This might account for the lack of efficacy this treatment in septic @entity1

title: Anti-inflammatory response after infusion of @entity10736 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of Lenercept , a recombinant soluble TNF receptor @entity10736 fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain IgG1, on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in @entity295 . DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a subgroup of @entity1 enrolled in a multicenter phase III, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of Lenercept in severe @entity295 . SETTING: Surgical and medical intensive care units, and postoperative recovery room of a tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : A total of 57 @entity1 were enrolled in the multicenter study in our center. INTERVENTION: Septic @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either Lenercept 0.125 mg/kg or placebo. The @entity1 were followed for up to 28 days after randomization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Circulating levels of @entity310 , @entity650 , TNFsR75 and @entity1193 were measured before and after treatment. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, gender and diagnosis distribution. The total level of @entity310 increased significantly in treated @entity1 , compared to @entity1 receiving placebo. The levels of the other inflammatory mediators did not differ between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: Lenercept -treated @entity1 experienced a protracted @entity310 half-life, leading to higher total @entity310 levels throughout the study. However, the treatment had no effects on anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, peripheral inflammatory processes might not have been significantly modified by the treatment. This might account for the lack of efficacy this treatment in septic @entity1

title: Anti-inflammatory response after infusion of XXXX soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein for severe @entity295 .

answer: @entity10736 :: (7132,Gene) :: ['p55']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity227 from @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) after hemodialysis. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: Neuro-ophthalmic examination, neuro-imaging including computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and orbits, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the neck and cerebral vasculature, as well as electrophysiologic testing including electroretinogram (ERG) and visually evoked response (VER) were performed. RESULTS: Acute onset of painless bilateral no light perception vision with absent pupillary response to light and normal funduscopic examination occurred shortly after completion of hemodialysis. Computed tomography scan and MRA results were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed small vessel @entity63 white matter changes. Electroretinogram results were normal and the VER was unrecordable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity227 after hemodialysis is a rare complication and is associated with @entity417 and @entity551 events. The @entity227 is usually a result of @entity6810 . We were unable to find another instance in the literature of @entity227 after hemodialysis resulting from @entity1781 .

title: XXXX after hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['posterior ischemic optic neuropathy', 'PION']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study modelled the cost-effectiveness of 11 oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention among @entity1 with remitted @entity161 in Singapore. A network meta-analysis determined the relative efficacy and tolerability of 11 oral antipsychotics ( @entity14867 , @entity1770 , @entity2644 , @entity1767 , @entity1037 , @entity7302 , @entity1089 , @entity1090 , @entity3216 , @entity6105 and @entity1280 ). The clinical estimates were applied in a Markov model to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years gained. Quality-of-life data were obtained from published literature. Resource utilization and cost data were retrieved from local hospital databases. The annual direct cost of healthcare services for a @entity1 experiencing a relapse episode was three-fold that of a @entity1 not in relapse of @entity161 . The most favourable pharmacological treatment for relapse prevention was @entity1037 with an annual probability of relapse of 0.24 (0.13-0.38) with placebo as a reference of 0.75 (0.73-0.78). @entity1037 emerged as the dominant treatment with the highest quality-adjusted life-years gained and lowest lifetime costs. @entity1280 , @entity1770 and @entity7302 incurred higher lifetime costs compared with no treatment. Probability and cost of relapse were key drivers of cost-effectiveness in sensitivity analyses. The data can help prescribers in choosing appropriate treatment and payers in allocating resources for the clinical management of this serious @entity146 .

title: Comparative cost-effectiveness of 11 oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention in XXXX within Singapore using effectiveness estimates from a network meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['paliperidone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone', 'Ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity6105 :: ('MESH:D014268', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoperazine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Describing and analyzing heart multiphysics requires the acquisition and fusion of multisensor cardiac images. Multisensor image fusion enables a combined analysis of these heterogeneous modalities. We propose to register intra- @entity1 multiview 2D+t ultrasound (US) images with multiview late @entity2287 -enhanced (LGE) images acquired during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to fuse mechanical and tissue state information. The proposed procedure registers both US and LGE to cine MRI. The correction of slice misalignment and the rigid registration of multiview LGE and cine MRI are studied, to select the most appropriate similarity measure. It showed that mutual information performs the best for LGE slice misalignment correction and for LGE and cine registration. Concerning US registration, @entity11459 resulting from speckle tracking echocardiography were exploited in a geometry-based dynamic registration. We propose the use of an adapted dynamic time warping procedure to synchronize cardiac dynamics in multiview US and cine MRI. The registration of US and LGE MRI was evaluated on a dataset of @entity1 with @entity1121 . A visual assessment of 330 left ventricular regions from US images of 28 @entity1 resulted in 92.7% of regions successfully aligned with cardiac structures in LGE. Successfully-aligned regions were then used to evaluate the abilities of strain indicators to predict the presence of @entity82 . @entity6475 and peak-delay of aligned left ventricular regions were computed from corresponding regional strain curves from US. The Mann-Withney test proved that the expected values of these indicators change between the populations of regions with and without @entity82 (p < 0.01). ROC curves otherwise proved that the presence of @entity82 is one factor amongst others which modifies @entity6475 and peak-delay.

title: Registration of dynamic multiview 2D ultrasound and late XXXX enhanced images of the heart: Application to @entity1121 characterization.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic endocardial contours']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal peak-strain', 'longitudinal peak-strain']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Describing and analyzing heart multiphysics requires the acquisition and fusion of multisensor cardiac images. Multisensor image fusion enables a combined analysis of these heterogeneous modalities. We propose to register intra- @entity1 multiview 2D+t ultrasound (US) images with multiview late @entity2287 -enhanced (LGE) images acquired during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to fuse mechanical and tissue state information. The proposed procedure registers both US and LGE to cine MRI. The correction of slice misalignment and the rigid registration of multiview LGE and cine MRI are studied, to select the most appropriate similarity measure. It showed that mutual information performs the best for LGE slice misalignment correction and for LGE and cine registration. Concerning US registration, @entity11459 resulting from speckle tracking echocardiography were exploited in a geometry-based dynamic registration. We propose the use of an adapted dynamic time warping procedure to synchronize cardiac dynamics in multiview US and cine MRI. The registration of US and LGE MRI was evaluated on a dataset of @entity1 with @entity1121 . A visual assessment of 330 left ventricular regions from US images of 28 @entity1 resulted in 92.7% of regions successfully aligned with cardiac structures in LGE. Successfully-aligned regions were then used to evaluate the abilities of strain indicators to predict the presence of @entity82 . @entity6475 and peak-delay of aligned left ventricular regions were computed from corresponding regional strain curves from US. The Mann-Withney test proved that the expected values of these indicators change between the populations of regions with and without @entity82 (p < 0.01). ROC curves otherwise proved that the presence of @entity82 is one factor amongst others which modifies @entity6475 and peak-delay.

title: Registration of dynamic multiview 2D ultrasound and late @entity2287 enhanced images of the heart: Application to XXXX characterization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is characterized by an accumulation of @entity1434 crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral @entity8488 have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in @entity1 with @entity8518 treated with oral and topical @entity8488 . METHODS: Data were recorded for all @entity1 with @entity8518 examined between 1980 and 2000. For each @entity1 , @entity3917 and @entity227 were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some @entity1 , an electroretinogram was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were observed during this period. They received oral and topical @entity8488 . Photophobia and loss of @entity227 generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the @entity267 during the second decade of life. @entity989 was present in 51.7% of the @entity1 , with 3 cases of @entity1020 and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram. CONCLUSIONS: Photophobia and @entity2687 , although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical @entity8488 and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these @entity1 , with mild @entity227 . This could be related to the treatment with oral @entity8488 reaching the retinal vascularization.

title: Evolution of ocular manifestations in @entity8518 : a long-term study of a population treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis', 'nephropathic cystinosis', 'Nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infiltration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity8488 :: (MESH:D003543,Chemical) :: ['cysteamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is characterized by an accumulation of @entity1434 crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral @entity8488 have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in @entity1 with @entity8518 treated with oral and topical @entity8488 . METHODS: Data were recorded for all @entity1 with @entity8518 examined between 1980 and 2000. For each @entity1 , @entity3917 and @entity227 were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some @entity1 , an electroretinogram was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were observed during this period. They received oral and topical @entity8488 . Photophobia and loss of @entity227 generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the @entity267 during the second decade of life. @entity989 was present in 51.7% of the @entity1 , with 3 cases of @entity1020 and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram. CONCLUSIONS: Photophobia and @entity2687 , although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical @entity8488 and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these @entity1 , with mild @entity227 . This could be related to the treatment with oral @entity8488 reaching the retinal vascularization.

title: Evolution of ocular manifestations in XXXX : a long-term study of a population treated with @entity8488 .

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['nephropathic cystinosis']


abstract: Natural populations exhibit a great deal of interindividual genetic variation in the response to toxins, exemplified by the variable clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs in @entity1 , and the evolution of pesticide resistant insects. Such variation can result from several phenomena, including variable metabolic detoxification of the xenobiotic, and differential sensitivity of the molecular target of the toxin. Our goal is to genetically dissect variation in the response to xenobiotics, and characterize naturally-segregating polymorphisms that modulate @entity137 . Here, we use the @entity238 Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multiparent advanced intercross panel of recombinant inbred lines, to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) underlying xenobiotic resistance, and employ @entity5834 as a model toxic compound. Phenotyping over 1,700 genotypes led to the identification of ten QTL, each explaining 4.5-14.4% of the broad-sense heritability for @entity5834 resistance. Four QTL harbor members of the cytochrome P450 family of detoxification enzymes, which represent strong a priori candidate genes. The case is especially strong for @entity72281 , with multiple lines of evidence indicating the gene causally impacts @entity5834 resistance. @entity72281 is implicated by QTL mapped in both panels of DSPR RILs, is significantly upregulated in the presence of @entity5834 , and RNAi knockdown robustly decreases @entity5834 tolerance. Furthermore, copy number variation at @entity72281 is strongly associated with phenotype in the DSPR, with a trend in the same direction observed in the DGRP ( @entity238 Genetic Reference Panel). No additional plausible causative polymorphisms were observed in a full genomewide association study in the DGRP, or in analyses restricted to QTL regions mapped in the DSPR. Just as in @entity1 populations, replicating modest-effect, naturally-segregating causative variants in an association study framework in flies will likely require very large sample sizes.

title: Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']