abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , XXXX and @entity1487 versus @entity4181 and @entity1487 for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan', 'CPT-11']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'stage II or III colon cancer', 'improvement in disease-free or overall survival in stage II or III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , @entity4181 and @entity1487 versus XXXX and @entity1487 for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , @entity4181 and XXXX versus @entity4181 and @entity1487 for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , @entity4181 and @entity1487 versus @entity4181 and XXXX for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , @entity4181 and @entity1487 versus @entity4181 and @entity1487 for XXXX : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II and III colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity4181 and @entity1487 versus @entity4181 and @entity1487 for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: @entity1338 , an @entity947 derivative, is a widely used antihypertensive agent which acts by stimulating the alpha 2-adrenergic receptors at the central nervous system. @entity1338 also seems to exert beneficial effects on baroreceptor reflex sensitivity which is usually altered by arterial systemic @entity101 and @entity4288 . Aim of the study was to compare acute and chronic @entity551 response and the effects on baroreflex sensitivity of a newly synthesized central alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, @entity1774 , with those induced by @entity1338 . The effects of acute and chronic treatment were studied by evaluating blood pressure modifications through intraarterial or sphygmomanometric detection. Baroreflex sensitivity was studied before and after acute treatment with the two drugs. Our results show that @entity1774 and @entity1338 may induce comparable effects, both reducing arterial blood pressure levels and heart rate with an order of potency for @entity1774 10 times lower than @entity1338 . After chronic treatment the effect of @entity1774 on blood pressure was more pronounced than that observed after @entity1338 administration. Both drugs may enhance baroreflex sensitivity, with a more evident effect of @entity1774 than @entity1338 in response to a @entity551 . This suggests that @entity1774 could afford a more effective cardiovascular adaptation during acute @entity551 (i.e. during @entity551 ), particularly in the elderly @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Effects of central alpha 2-adrenergic agonists on systemic haemodynamics and on baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in spontaneously XXXX rats.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['guanfacine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['sudden decrease of blood pressure', 'hypotensive', 'orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The appearance of reactive astrocytes following @entity1545 was investigated in 4-week-old @entity35 with special reference to their proliferation and chronological changes in the cytoskeletal proteins. Two days after the injury, @entity40 ( @entity40 )-positive cells had increased in number around the lesion and spread to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days after the injury. To investigate the distribution of mitotic cells and its chronological change, immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was performed. @entity1603 -positive cells began to appear around the lesion and spread to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days and their distribution was the same as that of @entity40 -positive cells. To investigate the association of @entity40 -positive cells with cell division, double labeling experiments using @entity665 autoradiography and immunohistochemical staining with antiserum to @entity40 were performed. Cells doubly labeled with @entity40 and @entity665 were localized in the area adjacent to the lesion, in the molecular layer of the cortex and in the white matter. By contrast, none of the cells were doubly labeled in the IInd to VIth layers of the cortex. Furthermore, only astrocytes in the former areas expressed @entity7229 transiently from 2 to 10 days after the injury. In the @entity35 administered vincristine, cells arrested during mitosis were found in the regions which express @entity7229 . From these results, it was suggested that astrocytes in the molecular layer of the cortex and the white matter adjacent to the lesion proliferated in response to the injury and expressed @entity7229 transiently, then acquired @entity40 , and that astrocytes in the IInd to VIth layers of the cortex became reactive astrocytes without mitosis.

title: Immunohistochemical studies on the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins following XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: The appearance of reactive astrocytes following @entity1545 was investigated in 4-week-old @entity35 with special reference to their proliferation and chronological changes in the cytoskeletal proteins. Two days after the injury, @entity40 ( @entity40 )-positive cells had increased in number around the lesion and spread to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days after the injury. To investigate the distribution of mitotic cells and its chronological change, immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody to @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) was performed. @entity1603 -positive cells began to appear around the lesion and spread to the entire ipsilateral cortex by 3 days and their distribution was the same as that of @entity40 -positive cells. To investigate the association of @entity40 -positive cells with cell division, double labeling experiments using @entity665 autoradiography and immunohistochemical staining with antiserum to @entity40 were performed. Cells doubly labeled with @entity40 and @entity665 were localized in the area adjacent to the lesion, in the molecular layer of the cortex and in the white matter. By contrast, none of the cells were doubly labeled in the IInd to VIth layers of the cortex. Furthermore, only astrocytes in the former areas expressed @entity7229 transiently from 2 to 10 days after the injury. In the @entity35 administered vincristine, cells arrested during mitosis were found in the regions which express @entity7229 . From these results, it was suggested that astrocytes in the molecular layer of the cortex and the white matter adjacent to the lesion proliferated in response to the injury and expressed @entity7229 transiently, then acquired @entity40 , and that astrocytes in the IInd to VIth layers of the cortex became reactive astrocytes without mitosis.

title: Immunohistochemical studies on the proliferation of reactive astrocytes and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins following @entity1545 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although marathon running is associated with transient right ventricular (RV) @entity299 as detected by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, quantitative assessment of the right ventricle is difficult because of its complex geometry. Little is known about the use of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in the detection of @entity299 after a half marathon. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of @entity67 after the completion of a half marathon using cardiac biomarkers, RT3DE, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 15 individuals in 2009 participating in the Manitoba Half Marathon. Cardiac biomarkers (myoglobin, @entity908 kinase-MB and cardiac troponin T) were assessed and RT3DE and CMR were performed 1 week before, immediately after, and 1 week after the race. RESULTS: At baseline, cardiac biomarkers and ventricular function were within normal limits. Immediately following the half marathon, all @entity1 demonstrated elevated cardiac troponin T levels, with a median value of 0.37 ng/mL. RV ejection fraction, as assessed by RT3DE, decreased from 59    4% at baseline to 45    5% immediately following the race (P < .05). On CMR, RV end-diastolic volume increased after the half marathon, and the RV ejection fraction was reduced, at 47    5% compared with 60    2% at baseline (P < .05). There were strong linear correlations between RV ejection fraction assessed by RT3DE and CMR at baseline and after the half marathon (r = 0.69 and r = 0.87, P < .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with CMR, RT3DE is a feasible and reproducible method of assessing transient @entity67 in athletes completing a half marathon.

title: The role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of right XXXX after a half marathon: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: This study investigated childhood physical abuse and @entity1066 in a regionally representative community sample. Age, race and sex were controlled for in addition to five clusters of potentially confounding factors: adverse childhood conditions, adult socioeconomic status, current health behaviors, current stress and marital status, and history of mood/ @entity148 . Childhood physical abuse is associated with many negative physical and psychological adult health outcomes. Two recent studies demonstrate a potential link between childhood physical abuse and @entity10189 in adulthood. The authors use regional data for the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey. Of the 13,069 respondents with complete data on abuse and @entity1066 , 7.3% (n = 1,020) report that they had been physically abused as a @entity1 by someone close to them and 3.0% (n = 493) report that they had been diagnosed with peptic @entity1066 by a health professional. The regional response rate is approximately 84%. Findings show that those reporting abuse had more than twice the prevalence of @entity1066 than did those not reporting abuse (6.6% vs. 2.7%). The fully adjusted odd ratio of peptic @entity1066 among those who had reported childhood physical abuse is 1.68 (95% CI = 1.22, 2.32). A significant and stable relationship between childhood physical abuse and peptic @entity1066 is found, even when taking into account five clusters of potentially confounding factors. Prospective studies that apply the biopsychosocial model are likely to be the most effective for identifying the pathways that connect childhood physical abuse and @entity1066 .

title: Is childhood physical abuse associated with XXXX ? Findings from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: Results of cell kinetic analyses on transurethrally obtained material from urinary bladder are compared with parallel immunohistochemical tests on @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and tissue polypeptide antigen ( @entity865 ), performed on the same material. Labelling index increases from 1.4% in slight to 20% in marked urothelial atypia. @entity787 reaction in slight atypia is slight or moderate, slight, moderate or distinct in atypia, and moderate to distinct in @entity2735 . @entity865 always shows moderate to distinct reactions. Cell kinetically, @entity189 yield similar gradations. They were positive for @entity787 in 70% and for @entity865 in 100%. In @entity189 , negative and slightly positive reactions predominate, poorly differentiated lesions yield predominantly distinct reactions. In all grades, @entity865 ranges from slight to distinctly positive. As in cell kinetic analyses, there is a relationship between differentiation grade and stage for @entity787 expression. This does not apply for @entity865 . The results permit us to draw conclusions on the different biological and histogenetical behavior of @entity189 . There are undoubtedly differences in the behavior of papillary-exophytical and solid @entity189 in terms of both cell kinetics and immunohistochemistry.

title: Comparison between cell kinetical and immunohistochemical studies on XXXX and atypia/dysplasia of urinary bladder mucosa.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['GO and GI carcinomas', 'invasive carcinomas', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: We investigated the antibody dependent cell-mediated @entity137 (ADCC) of lymphocytes and monocytes toward @entity1 O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody using a 51Cr release assay. Lysis of sensitized red cells by lymphocytes occurred rapidly, but monocyte-mediated lysis occurred slowly. This difference might be due to postphagocytic 51Cr release by monocytes. ADCC of lymphocytes increased in proportion to the effector cell number, but large amounts of antibodies were required. In contrast, ADCC of monocytes was independent of the effector/target ratio and very small amounts of antibodies could produce red cell lysis. Large amounts of fluid phase IgG were required to inhibit the lymphocyte ADCC, whereas the monocyte ADCC was markedly inhibited by small amounts of IgG. Monocyte-mediated lysis was completely inhibited by the addition of 10% human AB serum, but lymphocyte-mediated lysis was only slightly inhibited. Purified IgG1 and @entity3172 were much more inhibitory to the lysis by both effectors than IgG2 and IgG4 (IgG2 greater than IgG4). Erythrophagocytosis also was inhibited by IgG1 and @entity3172 . These studies demonstrate that lymphocytes as well as monocytes can cause the lysis of antibody sensitized red cells, and IgG1 and @entity3172 subclasses are more important than IgG2 and IgG4 in causing lysis of anti-D coated red cells.

title: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated XXXX (ADCC) toward @entity1 O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody: comparison between lymphocyte and monocyte ADCC activity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: We investigated the antibody dependent cell-mediated @entity137 (ADCC) of lymphocytes and monocytes toward @entity1 O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody using a 51Cr release assay. Lysis of sensitized red cells by lymphocytes occurred rapidly, but monocyte-mediated lysis occurred slowly. This difference might be due to postphagocytic 51Cr release by monocytes. ADCC of lymphocytes increased in proportion to the effector cell number, but large amounts of antibodies were required. In contrast, ADCC of monocytes was independent of the effector/target ratio and very small amounts of antibodies could produce red cell lysis. Large amounts of fluid phase IgG were required to inhibit the lymphocyte ADCC, whereas the monocyte ADCC was markedly inhibited by small amounts of IgG. Monocyte-mediated lysis was completely inhibited by the addition of 10% human AB serum, but lymphocyte-mediated lysis was only slightly inhibited. Purified IgG1 and @entity3172 were much more inhibitory to the lysis by both effectors than IgG2 and IgG4 (IgG2 greater than IgG4). Erythrophagocytosis also was inhibited by IgG1 and @entity3172 . These studies demonstrate that lymphocytes as well as monocytes can cause the lysis of antibody sensitized red cells, and IgG1 and @entity3172 subclasses are more important than IgG2 and IgG4 in causing lysis of anti-D coated red cells.

title: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 (ADCC) toward XXXX O+ red cells coated with anti-D antibody: comparison between lymphocyte and monocyte ADCC activity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that perioperative transfusion of allogeneic and autologous red blood cells (RBCs) stored for a prolonged period speeds biochemical recurrence of @entity263 after prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated biochemical @entity263 recurrence in @entity1 who had undergone radical prostatectomy and perioperative blood transfusions from July 6, 1998, through December 27, 2007. Those who received allogeneic blood transfusions were assigned to nonoverlapping "younger," "middle," and "older" RBC storage duration groups. Those who received autologous RBC transfusions were analyzed using the maximum storage duration as the primary exposure. We evaluated the association between RBC storage duration and biochemical recurrence using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: A total of 405 @entity1 received allogeneic transfusions. At 5 years, the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 74%, 71%, and 76% for @entity1 who received younger, middle, and older RBCs, respectively; our Cox model indicated no significant differences in biochemical recurrence rates between the groups (P=.82; Wald test). Among @entity1 who received autologous transfusions (n=350), maximum RBC age was not significantly associated with biochemical @entity5 recurrence (P=.95). At 5 years, the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate was 85% and 81% for @entity1 who received younger and older than 21-day-old RBCs, respectively. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy who require RBC transfusion, recurrence risk does not appear to be independently associated with blood storage duration.

title: Blood storage duration and biochemical recurrence of XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Hexokinase I ( @entity855 : @entity31550 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) is the first enzyme required in the metabolism of @entity413 in the central nervous system and plays a major role in regulation of the cerebral glycolytic rate. The distribution of hexokinase I mRNA was examined throughout the central nervous system of the @entity35 by use of oligonucleotide probes and in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the rhinencephalon, strong hexokinase I mRNA labeling was demonstrated in the glomerular, mitral, internal granular, and internal plexiform layers, whereas the olfactory nerve, external plexiform, and @entity655 were devoid of labeling. Within the telencephalon, strong labeling was present in all layers (with the exception of the molecular layer) of the cerebral cortex, in the septum, in @entity73348 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and in several amygdaloid nuclei. There was only weak labeling in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. In the diencephalon, there was in general a strong labeling in the epithalamus, in several thalamic nuclei, including the anteriodorsal, anterioventral, anteriomedial, reticular, paravetricular, intermediodorsal, anteriomedial, interanteriomedial, rhomboid, reuniens, and parafascicular thalamic nuclei. Several hypothalamic regions, including the subfornical organ, the medial preoptic area, the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial nuclei, and the zona incerta, were strongly labeled. In the mesencephalon, there was particularly strong labeling in the pars compacta and reticulata of the substantia nigra, central gray, and red nucleus, in the Darkschewitsch nucleus, and in the medial accessory oculomotor nucleus. In the rhombencephalon, there was strong hybridization in all raphe nuclei, pontine, tegmental, lateral parabrachial, olivary nuclei, and several cranial motor nuclei. All neurons of the locus ceruleus were heavily labeled. Very strong labeling was present in Purkinje and granular cells of the cerebellar cortex. Neurons of the medulla oblongata area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, reticular nucleus, nucleus cuneatus and several motor nuclei were strongly labeled. In the spinal cord, labeled cells were present in all laminae, and also neurons of the dorsal root ganglion were heavily labeled. Hexokinase I mRNA was also demonstrated in the epithelium lining the the choroid plexus. In the E15 fetus, very strong labeling was seen in the liver, heart, and trigeminal ganglion, with less intense labeling in in the brain and other tissues having more moderate labeling. Administration of 2% saline as drinking water resulted in a marked increase in hexokinase I mRNA in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptics and paraventricular nuclei. In summary, the results show extensive neuronal distribution of hexokinase I mRNA with regional differences in the expression pattern.

title: Hexokinase I messenger RNA in the XXXX central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal layers and ependyma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity117 (ASA) has been shown to reduce postoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) mortality and @entity63 events; however, the timing of chronic ASA discontinuation before surgery is controversial because of concern about @entity86 . We evaluated the effect of the timing of ASA discontinuation before CABG on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes and @entity86 using the Cleveland Clinic Cardiovascular Information Registry database. METHODS AND RESULTS: At the Cleveland Clinic between January 1, 2002, and January 31, 2008, 4143 @entity1 undergoing CABG were taking preoperative chronic ASA. Of these, 2298 discontinued ASA 6 or more days before surgery (early discontinuation), and 1845 took ASA within 5 days of the surgery (late use). Because of substantial differences between these 2 groups, propensity score analysis, and matching based on 31 variables were used for fair comparison of outcomes. This resulted in 1519 well-matched pairs of @entity1 (73%). There was no significant difference between those with early discontinuation and late ASA use with regard to the composite outcome of in-hospital mortality, @entity583 , and @entity64 (1.7% versus 1.8%, P=0.80). Late use was associated with more intraoperative transfusions (23% versus 20%, P=0.03) and postoperative transfusions (30% versus 26%, P=0.009) but a similar number of reoperations for @entity548 (3.4% versus 2.4% P=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 undergoing isolated CABG, late discontinuation of @entity1281 resulted in no difference in postoperative cardiovascular outcomes; however, there was an increased transfusion requirement. Thus, we recommend weighing the risks and benefits of late ASA use in these @entity1 .

title: Effect of timing of chronic preoperative XXXX discontinuation on morbidity and mortality in coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The use of liposomes in the treatment of severe @entity281 is under investigation. Classical liposomes which localize in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) can be exploited in two ways. First for targeting of macrophage modulators such as muramyl peptides or @entity379 , to stimulate the cells of the MPS to maximal blood clearance capacity. This enhanced nonspecific anti-infectious resistance is important as in immunocompromised @entity1 micro-organisms frequently appear in the blood from a @entity281 . Secondly, classical liposomes are successfully used as carriers of antibiotics in experimental intracellular parasitic-, @entity364 in MPS tissues. Based on these data extensive studies in @entity1 with severe @entity364 have demonstrated successful treatment with liposomal or lipid-complexed @entity2379 . More recently, liposomal @entity2379 appeared to be effective in @entity1 with @entity234 . For the treatment of @entity3069 complex infection in @entity791 @entity1 the efficacy of liposomal @entity801 is under investigation. With respect to @entity281 in non-MPS tissues the applicability of Stealth liposomes characterized by long circulation half-lives is under investigation. Substantial localization of these liposomes in infected lung tissue of @entity35 was demonstrated. Preliminary data in experimental @entity2348 showed superior efficacy of antibiotic encapsulated in Stealth liposomes.

title: Liposomes in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial lung infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'viral-, fungal- or bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although alteration in @entity15170 induced by head tilt is considered a clinical criterion for diagnosis of superior oblique (SO) palsy, the mechanism of this @entity135 ( @entity135 ) is unclear. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study extraocular muscle (EOM) responses to head tilt in @entity135 . METHODS: Orbital MRI was used to study 16 normal subjects and 22 subjects with HTDT, of whom 12 had unilateral SO @entity194 and 10 had "masquerading" SO palsy with normal SO size. Sizes and paths of all EOMs were compared in 90   roll tilts. RESULTS: Normal subjects exhibited the expected 3   to 7   physiologic extorsion of all four rectus pulleys in the orbit up-versus-down roll positions, corresponding to ocular counterrolling. In orbits with SO @entity194 , the lateral (LR) and @entity75 paradoxically intorted by approximately 2  . Subjects with @entity135 but normal SO size exhibited reduced or reversed extorsion of the medial, superior, and LR pulleys, whereas pulley shift was normal in nonhypertropic fellow orbits in @entity135 . In normal subjects and in SO @entity194 , the inferior oblique (IO) muscle contracted in the orbit up-versus-down roll position, but paradoxically relaxed in @entity135 without SO @entity194 . CONCLUSIONS: The ipsilesional IR and LR pulleys shift abnormally during head tilt in @entity135 with SO @entity194 . In @entity135 without SO @entity194 , the ipsilesional MR, SO, and LR pulleys shift abnormally, and the IO relaxes paradoxically during head tilt. These widespread alterations in EOM pulling directions suggest that complex neural adjustments to the otolith-ocular reflexes mediate @entity135 .

title: Functional imaging of human extraocular muscles in head tilt dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HTDHT', 'head-tilt-dependent hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior rectus (IR) pulleys']

answer: @entity15170 :: (MESH:D013285,Disease) :: ['hypertropia']


abstract: The clinical assessment of @entity1 thought to be suffering from @entity10795 ( @entity10795 ) requires the use of multiple vascular and sensory tests. In a family physician's office, Adson's, Allen's and cold water immersion of the hands are the only feasible vascular tests, while the sensory tests have to be limited to assessing @entity272 and manipulative dexterity. This paper reviews the laboratory tests deemed to be useful in a hospital or clinic facility, and reports on the investigation of 364 @entity1 exposed to hand-arm vibration who were examined in Toronto, Canada during the period 1989-92. A statistical clustering algorithm was used to categorise 138 male subjects according to the results of their diagnostic tests. From the cluster analysis, four vascular and four sensorineural categories of impairment were recognised in @entity1 suffering from @entity10795 . The Stockholm vascular classification stages and the four vascular clusters were found to correspond. The Stockholm sensorineural classification (Stages 1, 2, and 3) correlated with clusters formed from the sensory tests evaluating the sensitivity of the nerve endings and the distal digital branches of the median and ulnar nerves. When the myelinated nerve fibres were affected, as detected by abnormal Tinel's, Phalen's, and nerve conduction tests, an additional cluster group emerged. The subjects with abnormal nerve conduction test results constituted a distinct group with @entity73 , so there is a need for them to be categorised separately i.e. as a Stage 4. It is suggested that a Stage 4 be included in the Stockholm sensorineural classification.

title: Clinical assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['increased impairment']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['HAVS', 'hand-arm vibration syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of skin sensitivity']

answer: @entity10795 :: (MESH:D053421,Disease) :: ['hand-arm vibration syndrome']


abstract: Hearts from 1,676 consecutive autopsies were examined over a 4 1/2 year period between 1980 and 1984. Forty-seven (4.3%) of 1,083 adult hearts were found to have from one to nine distinctive bulbous thickenings (BTs) involving the mitral valve chordae tendineae. By light- and electron-microscopy, the BTs were found to consist of numerous myofibroblasts, collagen, and @entity2362 layered over otherwise normal chordae and occasionally involving adjacent valve leaflets. No evidence of @entity32 , rheumatic or otherwise, was found in histologic sections of the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valves, or in samples of myocardium from all chambers. No BT was present in 593 hearts from @entity1 and @entity1 , indicating that the lesions were acquired. Review of autopsy diagnoses showed that 14 (29.8%) of the 47 @entity1 with BT had @entity99 or @entity82 , as opposed to 80 (7.7%) of the 1,036 @entity1 without BT. This difference was highly statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of viral @entity409 was similar in the two groups. Of all @entity1 with @entity5881 , those with BT tended to be male and older. BT appears to be a distinctive process that is strongly correlated with @entity5881 .

title: Myofibroblastic proliferation on mitral valve chordae tendineae: a distinctive lesion associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['micronodular cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: Applying quantitative microscopic histochemistry, the activity of the mitochondrial @entity2227 dehydrogenase which is localized in astrocytes was determined in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 hippocampus. This hippocampal region contains the important terminations of the glutamatergic perforant path. For comparison, determinations of the mitochondrial @entity4588 dehydrogenase were performed, which is localized preferentially in terminals and dendrites. Two age groups of animals were examined: young adults (three months old) and aged subjects (24 months old). Both age groups were divided into controls, and animals killed three, 21 and 90 days following unilateral electrolytic lesion of the entorhinal cortex. The post-lesional shrinkage of the terminal field of the perforant path, ipsilateral to the lesion side, was determined and considered in the evaluation of enzymatic data. Statistic analysis revealed that ipsilateral to the lesion side there was a significant decrease of @entity2227 and @entity4588 dehydrogenase activities in the terminal field of the perforant path three, 21 and 90 days following lesion. It is reasonable to assume that the decrease of @entity4588 dehydrogenase activity (50-60%) was caused by the loss of mitochondria localized in degenerating terminals, whereas the decrease of @entity2227 dehydrogenase activity (20-30%) was related to the decrease of glutamatergic transmission following lesion. In the terminal field of the perforant path contralateral to the lesion side both significant increases and decreases of enzyme activities were measured following lesion. From these results it is concluded that the hippocampus contralateral to the lesion side cannot be considered as an appropriate intraindividual control. The comparison between young and aged animals showed no differences in the demonstration of @entity2227 dehydrogenase and only restricted differences in the activity level of @entity4588 dehydrogenase post-lesion. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the post-lesional reactivity of the enzymes studied was very similar in both age groups.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase in astrocytes of the @entity35 dentate gyrus following lesion of the entorhinal cortex.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: Applying quantitative microscopic histochemistry, the activity of the mitochondrial @entity2227 dehydrogenase which is localized in astrocytes was determined in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 hippocampus. This hippocampal region contains the important terminations of the glutamatergic perforant path. For comparison, determinations of the mitochondrial @entity4588 dehydrogenase were performed, which is localized preferentially in terminals and dendrites. Two age groups of animals were examined: young adults (three months old) and aged subjects (24 months old). Both age groups were divided into controls, and animals killed three, 21 and 90 days following unilateral electrolytic lesion of the entorhinal cortex. The post-lesional shrinkage of the terminal field of the perforant path, ipsilateral to the lesion side, was determined and considered in the evaluation of enzymatic data. Statistic analysis revealed that ipsilateral to the lesion side there was a significant decrease of @entity2227 and @entity4588 dehydrogenase activities in the terminal field of the perforant path three, 21 and 90 days following lesion. It is reasonable to assume that the decrease of @entity4588 dehydrogenase activity (50-60%) was caused by the loss of mitochondria localized in degenerating terminals, whereas the decrease of @entity2227 dehydrogenase activity (20-30%) was related to the decrease of glutamatergic transmission following lesion. In the terminal field of the perforant path contralateral to the lesion side both significant increases and decreases of enzyme activities were measured following lesion. From these results it is concluded that the hippocampus contralateral to the lesion side cannot be considered as an appropriate intraindividual control. The comparison between young and aged animals showed no differences in the demonstration of @entity2227 dehydrogenase and only restricted differences in the activity level of @entity4588 dehydrogenase post-lesion. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the post-lesional reactivity of the enzymes studied was very similar in both age groups.

title: @entity2227 dehydrogenase in astrocytes of the XXXX dentate gyrus following lesion of the entorhinal cortex.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the development rate of @entity157 and survival of @entity1 diagnosed to have regenerative, and low-grade and high-grade dysplastic liver nodules. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Acute public hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 : @entity1 with non-malignant liver nodules confirmed by imaging-guided liver biopsy between January 1997 and December 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of @entity157 development and survival. RESULTS: A total of 147 @entity1 with non-malignant liver nodules were followed up over a median duration of 29 months. The initial histological diagnosis included regenerative nodules (n=74), low-grade dysplastic nodules (n=34), and high-grade dysplastic nodules (n=39). The respective cumulative @entity157 development rate during the first, second, third, and fourth year were 3%, 5%, 9% and 12% for simple regenerative nodules, 29%, 35%, 38% and 44% for low-grade dysplastic nodules, and 38%, 41%, 51% and 51% for high-grade dysplastic nodules. The @entity157 development rate was highest in those with high-grade dysplastic nodules. Multivariate analysis showed that histological dysplastic changes were associated with increased @entity160 levels and advanced age, which were both independent predictors of @entity157 development. Histological dysplastic changes, male sex, advanced age, prolonged prothrombin time, and ultrasound appearances were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity6349 in liver nodules increased the risk of @entity157 development and @entity204 .

title: Hepatocarcinogenesis of regenerative and dysplastic nodules in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic change']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This is a retrospective review of the clinico-radiological features and neurological outcomes of reversible @entity16757 episodes in Chinese @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy in a regional hospital in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2008. Five @entity1 (3 males and 2 females) with a mean age of 7 years were identified, four of whom had @entity981 and one had a central nervous system germ cell @entity5 . Presenting symptoms included @entity410 (100%), altered mental function (100%), @entity10 (40%), and @entity227 (60%). The mean systolic blood pressure at presentation was 158 mm Hg. Approximately 80% had typical radiological features of reversible @entity16757 . All showed complete recovery after the acute stage, but one subsequently developed @entity302 . Two @entity1 ultimately died of refractory @entity5 . Two others were followed up for a mean of 6 years, and remained neurologically normal. This report was the first case review documenting reversible @entity16757 in Chinese @entity5 @entity1 . The clinico-radiological features and neurological outcomes were similar to those reported in western series. Early recognition of the syndrome is important to facilitate appropriate treatment. The central nervous system damage may not be reversible and thus long-term follow-up is warranted.

title: Reversible XXXX in Chinese @entity1 induced by chemotherapy: a review of five cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant disease', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome']

answer: @entity16757 :: (MESH:D054038,Disease) :: ['posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome']


abstract: This is a retrospective review of the clinico-radiological features and neurological outcomes of reversible @entity16757 episodes in Chinese @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy in a regional hospital in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2008. Five @entity1 (3 males and 2 females) with a mean age of 7 years were identified, four of whom had @entity981 and one had a central nervous system germ cell @entity5 . Presenting symptoms included @entity410 (100%), altered mental function (100%), @entity10 (40%), and @entity227 (60%). The mean systolic blood pressure at presentation was 158 mm Hg. Approximately 80% had typical radiological features of reversible @entity16757 . All showed complete recovery after the acute stage, but one subsequently developed @entity302 . Two @entity1 ultimately died of refractory @entity5 . Two others were followed up for a mean of 6 years, and remained neurologically normal. This report was the first case review documenting reversible @entity16757 in Chinese @entity5 @entity1 . The clinico-radiological features and neurological outcomes were similar to those reported in western series. Early recognition of the syndrome is important to facilitate appropriate treatment. The central nervous system damage may not be reversible and thus long-term follow-up is warranted.

title: Reversible @entity16757 in Chinese XXXX induced by chemotherapy: a review of five cases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Jackets soaked in birth fluids (BF) and @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ) were used in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine their usefulness in fostering @entity742 . Subjects were 39, 3-d-old to 14-d-old @entity742 to be adopted by 39, 2-d to 7-d postpartum ewes rearing their own single @entity742 . Birth fluids were collected by drying newborn @entity742 with cloth jackets. Jackets were frozen for storage and were later thawed and placed on experimental alien @entity742 . Cervical stimulation was applied by attempting to insert a hand into the cervix of the ewe for 5 min immediately before presentation of an alien lamb. Maternal behavior tests, in both the absence and presence of the ewe's own lamb, were conducted twice daily in a small pen for 2.5 d. On d 3 and 4, @entity742 were tested in a large pen with three to four other ewes and their @entity742 . Aggression toward the alien lamb was greater during the first exposure in all treatments. Avoidance and nosing behaviors toward aliens were significantly less, and alien @entity742 were able to suckle more, when the ewe's own lamb was also present. @entity742 receiving BF suckled more and were accepted more often. Cervical stimulation, in the absence of BF, improved acceptance compared with controls. The proportion of ewes accepting alien @entity742 were 100, 80, 60 and 10% for BF, BF- @entity3799 , @entity3799 and control treatments, respectively. Alien @entity742 that were accepted had similar growth rates to weaning as the ewe's own lamb. We conclude that fostering is facilitated by use of jackets soaked in BF and by @entity3799 .

title: Use of birth fluids and XXXX in lamb fostering.

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cervical stimulation']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['cervical stimulation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have a high risk of @entity174 although they have slightly higher @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is no evidence that @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) is involved in the @entity79 of the @entity1 . The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum @entity5735 levels and @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum @entity5735 levels versus @entity79 at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers, and presence of @entity174 in 204 Japanese male @entity1 . RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of @entity6 , body mass index, serum @entity1011 , HbA1c, serum albumin, log( @entity3929 transaminase), and log(C-reactive protein) showed that serum @entity5735 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [ @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b)] (b=0.25, p<0.01; b=0.17, p<0.05; and b=0.30, p<0.01, respectively), but not @entity79 at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum @entity5735 levels were associated with the presence of multiple @entity174 (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidential interval 1.05-2.49 per SD increase, p<0.05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of @entity79 or bone turnover markers except for TRACP-5b. CONCLUSIONS: We firstly showed that high level of serum @entity5735 is associated with prevalent multiple @entity174 independently of @entity79 and bone formation in @entity1 with @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Serum @entity5735 is associated with multiple XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4', 'DPP-4']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'VFs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have a high risk of @entity174 although they have slightly higher @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is no evidence that @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) is involved in the @entity79 of the @entity1 . The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum @entity5735 levels and @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum @entity5735 levels versus @entity79 at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers, and presence of @entity174 in 204 Japanese male @entity1 . RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of @entity6 , body mass index, serum @entity1011 , HbA1c, serum albumin, log( @entity3929 transaminase), and log(C-reactive protein) showed that serum @entity5735 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [ @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b)] (b=0.25, p<0.01; b=0.17, p<0.05; and b=0.30, p<0.01, respectively), but not @entity79 at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum @entity5735 levels were associated with the presence of multiple @entity174 (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidential interval 1.05-2.49 per SD increase, p<0.05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of @entity79 or bone turnover markers except for TRACP-5b. CONCLUSIONS: We firstly showed that high level of serum @entity5735 is associated with prevalent multiple @entity174 independently of @entity79 and bone formation in @entity1 with @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Serum @entity5735 is associated with multiple @entity174 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have a high risk of @entity174 although they have slightly higher @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is no evidence that @entity5735 ( @entity5735 ) is involved in the @entity79 of the @entity1 . The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum @entity5735 levels and @entity174 ( @entity174 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum @entity5735 levels versus @entity79 at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers, and presence of @entity174 in 204 Japanese male @entity1 . RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of @entity6 , body mass index, serum @entity1011 , HbA1c, serum albumin, log( @entity3929 transaminase), and log(C-reactive protein) showed that serum @entity5735 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [ @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b)] (b=0.25, p<0.01; b=0.17, p<0.05; and b=0.30, p<0.01, respectively), but not @entity79 at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum @entity5735 levels were associated with the presence of multiple @entity174 (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidential interval 1.05-2.49 per SD increase, p<0.05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of @entity79 or bone turnover markers except for TRACP-5b. CONCLUSIONS: We firstly showed that high level of serum @entity5735 is associated with prevalent multiple @entity174 independently of @entity79 and bone formation in @entity1 with @entity6 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Serum XXXX is associated with multiple @entity174 in @entity6 .

answer: @entity5735 :: (1803,Gene) :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4']


abstract: To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and three classes of integrons in @entity526 (E. coli) strains (n=57) isolated from @entity291 @entity7288 in Inner Mongolia of China, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of three types of integrons were characterized. Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, @entity15183 , @entity2177 and @entity14116 , while 57 isolates were all resistant to @entity73349 and trimethoprim. High resistant incidence rates were exhibited to @entity4766 , @entity803 , @entity5385 , @entity7048 , @entity2755 . Forty-six of 57 @entity526 strains were resistant to above 10 antibiotics (80.70%). The integrase gene and gene cassettes of integrons were amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing and analysis were used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Neither class II nor class III integron was detected, while 36.8% (n=21) of the isolates were positive for the presence of @entity59499 gene. Analysis of gene cassettes revealed that six gene cassettes were found, which encoded resistance to @entity206 (dhfr, dhfrI, @entity58268 ) and @entity581 ( @entity51126 , @entity51127 , @entity43105 ). Among them, the gene cassette array @entity58268 - @entity43105 was found most prevalent (66.7%). The resistance profile of positive-integron isolates was relatively broad and they were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials (n >=  8). The correlation analysis revealed the incidence of integrons among the isolates were related to the multiple antibiotic resistance profile, indicating integrons play an important role in the dissemination and spread of the antimicrobial resistant strains.

title: Characterization of integrons in multiple antimicrobial resistant XXXX isolates from @entity291 @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity73349 :: ('MESH:D013417', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxydiazine']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and three classes of integrons in @entity526 (E. coli) strains (n=57) isolated from @entity291 @entity7288 in Inner Mongolia of China, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of three types of integrons were characterized. Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, @entity15183 , @entity2177 and @entity14116 , while 57 isolates were all resistant to @entity73349 and trimethoprim. High resistant incidence rates were exhibited to @entity4766 , @entity803 , @entity5385 , @entity7048 , @entity2755 . Forty-six of 57 @entity526 strains were resistant to above 10 antibiotics (80.70%). The integrase gene and gene cassettes of integrons were amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing and analysis were used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Neither class II nor class III integron was detected, while 36.8% (n=21) of the isolates were positive for the presence of @entity59499 gene. Analysis of gene cassettes revealed that six gene cassettes were found, which encoded resistance to @entity206 (dhfr, dhfrI, @entity58268 ) and @entity581 ( @entity51126 , @entity51127 , @entity43105 ). Among them, the gene cassette array @entity58268 - @entity43105 was found most prevalent (66.7%). The resistance profile of positive-integron isolates was relatively broad and they were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials (n >=  8). The correlation analysis revealed the incidence of integrons among the isolates were related to the multiple antibiotic resistance profile, indicating integrons play an important role in the dissemination and spread of the antimicrobial resistant strains.

title: Characterization of integrons in multiple antimicrobial resistant @entity526 isolates from XXXX @entity7288 .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: To assess the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and three classes of integrons in @entity526 (E. coli) strains (n=57) isolated from @entity291 @entity7288 in Inner Mongolia of China, antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of three types of integrons were characterized. Most isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, @entity15183 , @entity2177 and @entity14116 , while 57 isolates were all resistant to @entity73349 and trimethoprim. High resistant incidence rates were exhibited to @entity4766 , @entity803 , @entity5385 , @entity7048 , @entity2755 . Forty-six of 57 @entity526 strains were resistant to above 10 antibiotics (80.70%). The integrase gene and gene cassettes of integrons were amplified by PCR. DNA sequencing and analysis were used to identify the genetic content of the integron-variable regions. Neither class II nor class III integron was detected, while 36.8% (n=21) of the isolates were positive for the presence of @entity59499 gene. Analysis of gene cassettes revealed that six gene cassettes were found, which encoded resistance to @entity206 (dhfr, dhfrI, @entity58268 ) and @entity581 ( @entity51126 , @entity51127 , @entity43105 ). Among them, the gene cassette array @entity58268 - @entity43105 was found most prevalent (66.7%). The resistance profile of positive-integron isolates was relatively broad and they were resistant to more than eight antimicrobials (n >=  8). The correlation analysis revealed the incidence of integrons among the isolates were related to the multiple antibiotic resistance profile, indicating integrons play an important role in the dissemination and spread of the antimicrobial resistant strains.

title: Characterization of integrons in multiple antimicrobial resistant @entity526 isolates from @entity291 XXXX .

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endometritis']


abstract: This work proposes a new method to detect abnormalities in fiber bundles of @entity5665 ( @entity5665 ) @entity161 @entity1 . Existing methods have either examined a particular region of interest or used voxel-based morphometry or used tracts generated using the single tensor model for locating statistically different fiber bundles. Further, a two-sample t test, which assumes a Gaussian distribution for each population, is the most widely used statistical hypothesis testing algorithm. In this study, we use the unscented Kalman filter based two-tensor tractography algorithm for tracing neural fiber bundles of the brain that connect 105 different cortical and subcortical regions. Next, fiber bundles with significant connectivity across the entire population were determined. Several diffusion measures derived from the two-tensor model were computed and used as features in the subsequent analysis. For each fiber bundle, an affine-invariant descriptor was computed, thus obviating the need for precise registration of @entity1 to an atlas. A kernel-based statistical hypothesis testing algorithm, which makes no assumption regarding the distribution of the underlying population, was then used to determine the abnormal diffusion properties of all fiber bundles for 20 @entity5665 @entity1 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Of the 1254 fiber bundles with significant connectivity, 740 fiber bundles were found to be significantly different in at least one diffusion measure after correcting for multiple comparisons. Thus, the changes affecting @entity5665 @entity1 seem to be global in nature (spread throughout the brain).

title: Statistical analysis of fiber bundles using multi-tensor tractography: application to @entity5665 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity5665 :: ('MESH:C563278', 'Disease') :: ['first-episode', 'FE']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: This work proposes a new method to detect abnormalities in fiber bundles of @entity5665 ( @entity5665 ) @entity161 @entity1 . Existing methods have either examined a particular region of interest or used voxel-based morphometry or used tracts generated using the single tensor model for locating statistically different fiber bundles. Further, a two-sample t test, which assumes a Gaussian distribution for each population, is the most widely used statistical hypothesis testing algorithm. In this study, we use the unscented Kalman filter based two-tensor tractography algorithm for tracing neural fiber bundles of the brain that connect 105 different cortical and subcortical regions. Next, fiber bundles with significant connectivity across the entire population were determined. Several diffusion measures derived from the two-tensor model were computed and used as features in the subsequent analysis. For each fiber bundle, an affine-invariant descriptor was computed, thus obviating the need for precise registration of @entity1 to an atlas. A kernel-based statistical hypothesis testing algorithm, which makes no assumption regarding the distribution of the underlying population, was then used to determine the abnormal diffusion properties of all fiber bundles for 20 @entity5665 @entity1 and 20 age-matched healthy controls. Of the 1254 fiber bundles with significant connectivity, 740 fiber bundles were found to be significantly different in at least one diffusion measure after correcting for multiple comparisons. Thus, the changes affecting @entity5665 @entity1 seem to be global in nature (spread throughout the brain).

title: Statistical analysis of fiber bundles using multi-tensor tractography: application to XXXX @entity161 .

answer: @entity5665 :: (MESH:C563278,Disease) :: ['first-episode']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity794 possesses a multitude of mechanisms by which it can obtain @entity68 during growth under @entity68 starvation conditions. It expresses an effective @entity1446 acquisition system (the @entity68 -regulated surface determinant system), it produces two @entity3338 -type siderophores @entity73350 (SA) and @entity73351 (SB), and it expresses transporters for many other siderophores that it itself does not synthesize. The Ferric Uptake Regulator, or Fur, protein regulates expression of genes encoding all of these systems. Mechanisms of fine-tuning expression of @entity68 -regulated genes, beyond simple @entity68 -regulation via Fur, have not been uncovered in this organism. Here, we identify the ninth gene of the sbn operon, sbnI, as encoding a ParB/Spo0J-like protein that is required for expression of genes in the sbn operon from sbnD onwards. Expression of sbnD-I is drastically decreased in an sbnI mutant, and the mutant does not synthesize detectable SB during early phases of growth. Thus, SB-mediated @entity68 acquisition is impaired in an sbnI mutant strain. We show that the protein forms dimers and tetramers in solution and binds to DNA within the sbnC coding region. Moreover, we show that SbnI binds @entity1446 , and that @entity1446 -bound SbnI does not bind DNA. Last, we show that providing exogenous @entity1446 to @entity794 growing in an @entity68 -free medium results in delayed synthesis of SB. This is the first study in @entity794 that identifies a DNA-binding regulatory protein that senses @entity1446 to control gene expression for siderophore synthesis.

title: A @entity1446 -responsive regulator controls synthesis of @entity73351 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity73350 :: ('MESH:C063851', 'Chemical') :: ['staphyloferrin A']

entities_list: @entity73351 :: ('MESH:C083439', 'Chemical') :: ['staphyloferrin B']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity794 possesses a multitude of mechanisms by which it can obtain @entity68 during growth under @entity68 starvation conditions. It expresses an effective @entity1446 acquisition system (the @entity68 -regulated surface determinant system), it produces two @entity3338 -type siderophores @entity73350 (SA) and @entity73351 (SB), and it expresses transporters for many other siderophores that it itself does not synthesize. The Ferric Uptake Regulator, or Fur, protein regulates expression of genes encoding all of these systems. Mechanisms of fine-tuning expression of @entity68 -regulated genes, beyond simple @entity68 -regulation via Fur, have not been uncovered in this organism. Here, we identify the ninth gene of the sbn operon, sbnI, as encoding a ParB/Spo0J-like protein that is required for expression of genes in the sbn operon from sbnD onwards. Expression of sbnD-I is drastically decreased in an sbnI mutant, and the mutant does not synthesize detectable SB during early phases of growth. Thus, SB-mediated @entity68 acquisition is impaired in an sbnI mutant strain. We show that the protein forms dimers and tetramers in solution and binds to DNA within the sbnC coding region. Moreover, we show that SbnI binds @entity1446 , and that @entity1446 -bound SbnI does not bind DNA. Last, we show that providing exogenous @entity1446 to @entity794 growing in an @entity68 -free medium results in delayed synthesis of SB. This is the first study in @entity794 that identifies a DNA-binding regulatory protein that senses @entity1446 to control gene expression for siderophore synthesis.

title: A XXXX -responsive regulator controls synthesis of @entity73351 in @entity794 .

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['heme']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity794 possesses a multitude of mechanisms by which it can obtain @entity68 during growth under @entity68 starvation conditions. It expresses an effective @entity1446 acquisition system (the @entity68 -regulated surface determinant system), it produces two @entity3338 -type siderophores @entity73350 (SA) and @entity73351 (SB), and it expresses transporters for many other siderophores that it itself does not synthesize. The Ferric Uptake Regulator, or Fur, protein regulates expression of genes encoding all of these systems. Mechanisms of fine-tuning expression of @entity68 -regulated genes, beyond simple @entity68 -regulation via Fur, have not been uncovered in this organism. Here, we identify the ninth gene of the sbn operon, sbnI, as encoding a ParB/Spo0J-like protein that is required for expression of genes in the sbn operon from sbnD onwards. Expression of sbnD-I is drastically decreased in an sbnI mutant, and the mutant does not synthesize detectable SB during early phases of growth. Thus, SB-mediated @entity68 acquisition is impaired in an sbnI mutant strain. We show that the protein forms dimers and tetramers in solution and binds to DNA within the sbnC coding region. Moreover, we show that SbnI binds @entity1446 , and that @entity1446 -bound SbnI does not bind DNA. Last, we show that providing exogenous @entity1446 to @entity794 growing in an @entity68 -free medium results in delayed synthesis of SB. This is the first study in @entity794 that identifies a DNA-binding regulatory protein that senses @entity1446 to control gene expression for siderophore synthesis.

title: A @entity1446 -responsive regulator controls synthesis of XXXX in @entity794 .

answer: @entity73351 :: (MESH:C083439,Chemical) :: ['staphyloferrin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have assessed gastroduodenal, endoscopical and histopathological findings in a series of @entity1 with @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ). METHODS: We studied 75 @entity1 with @entity3178 , 27 with @entity4143 ( @entity4143 ) and 48 with @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ), and 60 controls. Data of endoscopical findings were collected and biopsies were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1534 infection rate was 15% in @entity3178 and 28% in the controls (p = 0.088). Age at diagnosis of @entity3178 was higher in @entity1534 positive than negative @entity1 (63.4    9.6 vs. 54.4    13.1 years; p = 0.034). @entity356 were more prevalent in @entity4143 than in @entity11162 (25.9% vs. 6.2%; p = 0.030) and associated with thick body glands and antral predominance of @entity3621 in @entity1534 positive @entity1 . Rates of focal @entity3621 (5.6% vs. 6.9%) and @entity3621 (5.6% vs. 10%) were similar in @entity3178 and controls. @entity11162 was associated with @entity356 and @entity3621 . Fifteen @entity1 (20%) had @entity1593 . CONCLUSIONS: Unlike @entity11162 , @entity4143 is associated with @entity2681 , likely related with the high acid secretion capacity as indicated by the ample body glands and antral predominance of @entity3621 in @entity1534 associated cases of @entity4143 . The presence of some divergent gastroduodenal features in @entity11162 and @entity4143 , and in comparison with those reported in @entity29 ( @entity29 ), supports the concept that these two conditions differ not only from @entity29 but also from each other. The findings also suggest the presence of pathogenetic links between @entity14 .

title: Gastroduodenal mucosa in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic erosions']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'lymphocytic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and gastroduodenal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis', 'CC']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric epithelial lymphocytosis', 'Gastric endoscopic erosions']

answer: @entity3178 :: (MESH:D046728,Disease) :: ['microscopic colitis']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and ineffective therapeutic multimodality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a group of non-coding, small RNAs with active biological activities. In our investigation, @entity1 @entity788 cell line Capan-2 were transfected with @entity10074 mimics, inhibitors or their negative controls. Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), @entity10081 incorporation assay and cell cycle determination by flow cytometry. @entity10074 and putative target gene expression levels including @entity993 , @entity8755 and @entity983 were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting. Our results showed that @entity10074 could lead to increased vitality and proliferative rate of @entity1 cells, and also higher S-phase and lower G1-phase of cell cycle. Further, we found @entity8755 at protein level, but not @entity993 nor @entity983 , was regulated by @entity10074 in @entity1 cells. Finally, we co-transfected @entity10074 inhibitor and @entity8755 si-RNA into @entity1 cells, and found that proliferation-suppressing effects of @entity10074 inhibitor on @entity1 cells could be partially reversed by silencing @entity8755 . Our results indicate that @entity10074 controls @entity1 cell proliferation by targeting @entity8755 . This study provides a novel idea for developing effective therapeutic strategy for @entity788 @entity1 through inhibiting @entity10074 .

title: MicroRNA-222 Controls @entity1 XXXX Cell Line Capan-2 Proliferation by @entity8755 Targeting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Capan-2']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and ineffective therapeutic multimodality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a group of non-coding, small RNAs with active biological activities. In our investigation, @entity1 @entity788 cell line Capan-2 were transfected with @entity10074 mimics, inhibitors or their negative controls. Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), @entity10081 incorporation assay and cell cycle determination by flow cytometry. @entity10074 and putative target gene expression levels including @entity993 , @entity8755 and @entity983 were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting. Our results showed that @entity10074 could lead to increased vitality and proliferative rate of @entity1 cells, and also higher S-phase and lower G1-phase of cell cycle. Further, we found @entity8755 at protein level, but not @entity993 nor @entity983 , was regulated by @entity10074 in @entity1 cells. Finally, we co-transfected @entity10074 inhibitor and @entity8755 si-RNA into @entity1 cells, and found that proliferation-suppressing effects of @entity10074 inhibitor on @entity1 cells could be partially reversed by silencing @entity8755 . Our results indicate that @entity10074 controls @entity1 cell proliferation by targeting @entity8755 . This study provides a novel idea for developing effective therapeutic strategy for @entity788 @entity1 through inhibiting @entity10074 .

title: MicroRNA-222 Controls @entity1 @entity788 Cell Line Capan-2 Proliferation by XXXX Targeting.

answer: @entity8755 :: (1028,Gene) :: ['P57']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and ineffective therapeutic multimodality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are a group of non-coding, small RNAs with active biological activities. In our investigation, @entity1 @entity788 cell line Capan-2 were transfected with @entity10074 mimics, inhibitors or their negative controls. Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), @entity10081 incorporation assay and cell cycle determination by flow cytometry. @entity10074 and putative target gene expression levels including @entity993 , @entity8755 and @entity983 were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting. Our results showed that @entity10074 could lead to increased vitality and proliferative rate of @entity1 cells, and also higher S-phase and lower G1-phase of cell cycle. Further, we found @entity8755 at protein level, but not @entity993 nor @entity983 , was regulated by @entity10074 in @entity1 cells. Finally, we co-transfected @entity10074 inhibitor and @entity8755 si-RNA into @entity1 cells, and found that proliferation-suppressing effects of @entity10074 inhibitor on @entity1 cells could be partially reversed by silencing @entity8755 . Our results indicate that @entity10074 controls @entity1 cell proliferation by targeting @entity8755 . This study provides a novel idea for developing effective therapeutic strategy for @entity788 @entity1 through inhibiting @entity10074 .

title: MicroRNA-222 Controls XXXX @entity788 Cell Line Capan-2 Proliferation by @entity8755 Targeting.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 ( @entity32 ) in @entity1641 , similar to @entity565 in @entity1 , is a common cause of chronic poor respiratory health and exercise intolerance due to airway @entity32 and exaggerated airway constrictive responses. @entity1 rhinovirus is an important trigger for the development of @entity565 ; a similar role for viral @entity1576 in @entity1641 @entity32 has not been established yet. METHODS: In a case-control study, @entity1641 with @entity32 (n   =   24) were compared to control animals from comparable stabling environments (n   =   14). @entity1641 were classified using pulmonary function testing and bronchoalveolar lavage. PCR for @entity1641 @entity2490 virus A and B ( @entity45884 , ERBV), @entity683 virus (EIV), and herpesviruses 2, 4, and 5 ( @entity13444 , @entity13445 , @entity13444 ) was performed on nasal swab, buffy coat from whole blood, and cells from BAL fluid (BALF), and serology were performed. Categorical variables were compared between @entity32 and control using Fisher's exact test; continuous variables were compared with an independent t-test. For all analyses, a value of P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was a significant association between diagnosis of @entity32 and history of cough (P   =   0.001) and exercise intolerance (P   =   0.003) but not between nasal discharge and @entity32 . @entity1641 with @entity32 were significantly more likely to have a positive titer to @entity45884 (68  %) vs. control @entity1641 (32  %). @entity1641 with @entity32 had higher log-transformed titers to @entity45884 than did controls (2.28        0.18 v.1.50        0.25, P   =   0.038). There was a significant association between nasal shedding (positive PCR) of @entity13444 and diagnosis of @entity32 (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity32 remains a persistent problem in the @entity1641 population and has strong similarities to the @entity1 disease, @entity565 , for which @entity1800 is an important trigger. The association between viral @entity1729 and development or exacerbation of @entity32 in this study suggests that @entity1800 may contribute to @entity32 susceptibility; there is, therefore, merit in further investigation into the relationship between respiratory virus exposure and development of @entity32 .

title: Association between inflammatory airway disease of XXXX and exposure to respiratory viruses: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IAD', 'inflammation', 'Inflammatory airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the number of @entity1 that taper or discontinue concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in daily practice in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated with @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and to analyse the effects of that adaption on disease activity and drug survival. METHODS: Data were collected from the Dutch @entity309 Monitoring (DREAM) registry. @entity1 who started their first TNFi were included in the study. Treatment effectiveness after @entity6822 tapering or discontinuation was analysed using Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). Drug survival of the TNFi was analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model with a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: In 458 @entity1 (34%), @entity6822 was tapered, 126 @entity1 (10%) discontinued @entity6822 and 747 @entity1 (56%) continued @entity6822 at the same dose. On average, DAS28 improved after tapering @entity6822 (-0.40, -0.45) and after stopping @entity6822 (-0.28, -0.12) at 6 and 12   months. In the taper group, 21% of the @entity1 relapsed (DAS28 increase >0.6), and in the discontinuation group this was 21% and 24% at 6 and 12   months, respectively. @entity1 who taper and discontinue @entity6822 have a similar DAS28 score over time as @entity1 who continue @entity6822 . Moreover, there was no influence of tapering or discontinuation of @entity6822 on long-term drug survival of TNFi. CONCLUSIONS: In daily practice, tapering or discontinuation of concomitant @entity6822 in @entity1 with @entity309 treated with TNFi frequently occurs and it does not seem to influence the average DAS28 over time or the long-term TNFi drug survival. It appears that in daily clinical practice the correct @entity1 are selected to taper or discontinue @entity6822 .

title: Tapering and discontinuation of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity309 treated with TNF inhibitors: data from the DREAM registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the number of @entity1 that taper or discontinue concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in daily practice in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated with @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and to analyse the effects of that adaption on disease activity and drug survival. METHODS: Data were collected from the Dutch @entity309 Monitoring (DREAM) registry. @entity1 who started their first TNFi were included in the study. Treatment effectiveness after @entity6822 tapering or discontinuation was analysed using Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). Drug survival of the TNFi was analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model with a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: In 458 @entity1 (34%), @entity6822 was tapered, 126 @entity1 (10%) discontinued @entity6822 and 747 @entity1 (56%) continued @entity6822 at the same dose. On average, DAS28 improved after tapering @entity6822 (-0.40, -0.45) and after stopping @entity6822 (-0.28, -0.12) at 6 and 12   months. In the taper group, 21% of the @entity1 relapsed (DAS28 increase >0.6), and in the discontinuation group this was 21% and 24% at 6 and 12   months, respectively. @entity1 who taper and discontinue @entity6822 have a similar DAS28 score over time as @entity1 who continue @entity6822 . Moreover, there was no influence of tapering or discontinuation of @entity6822 on long-term drug survival of TNFi. CONCLUSIONS: In daily practice, tapering or discontinuation of concomitant @entity6822 in @entity1 with @entity309 treated with TNFi frequently occurs and it does not seem to influence the average DAS28 over time or the long-term TNFi drug survival. It appears that in daily clinical practice the correct @entity1 are selected to taper or discontinue @entity6822 .

title: Tapering and discontinuation of @entity1499 in @entity1 with XXXX treated with TNF inhibitors: data from the DREAM registry.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']