abstract: A retrospective study of @entity957 (SCC) @entity1 attending a department of oral and maxillofacial surgery was performed for the period 2000-2010. The clinical information of 100 cases treated during this period was acquired and analyzed. @entity1 survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. For these 100 cases, the total metastatic rate was 34.0% and occult metastatic rate was 27.5%. Positive lymph nodes were mostly detected at levels I-III. There was no significant difference in metastatic rate between the primary sites of maxillary gingiva and hard palate. @entity5 involving the gingival-buccal sulcus presented a significantly higher risk of @entity3 . Advanced stage (T3/4) was significantly correlated with a higher @entity3 rate. The pathological grade also showed a significant relationship with @entity3 . Twenty-four @entity1 presented regional recurrence. Elective neck dissection could significantly reduce the recurrence rate. The overall 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 66.3% and 56.7%, respectively. Both the T and the N stages had a significant impact on survival rates. Selective neck dissection from level I to III is recommended for T3/4 stage cN0 @entity1 , especially those with gingival-buccal sulcus involvement.

title: Cervical XXXX of @entity957 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure @entity26 ( @entity4095 ) in eyes of @entity1 undergoing intraocular surgery and identify correlations with @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: setting: Institutional. @entity1 population: 124 @entity1 undergoing @entity231 and/or @entity726 surgery. observation procedure: Prior to surgery, an @entity26 sensor was introduced into the anterior chamber (AC) via peripheral corneal paracentesis. The tip of the flexible fiberoptic probe was positioned for 3 measurements in all @entity1 : (1) near central corneal endothelium; (2) in mid-AC; and (3) in AC angle. In @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction, additional measurements were taken (4) at the anterior lens surface and (5) in the posterior chamber. main outcome measures: @entity4095 measurements at 5 locations within the eye were compared to @entity2840 measurements by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between @entity2840 and @entity4095 in the anterior chamber angle (P  = .048). @entity4095 was not significantly related to @entity2840 at any other location, including beneath the central @entity267 . Regression analysis relating @entity2840 to age, race, and @entity26 levels in all 5 locations in the anterior segment revealed an association of a thinner @entity267 with increasing age (P  = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic correlations with @entity2840 may provide clues to understanding why a thinner @entity267 increases the risk of open @entity726 . Associations between @entity726 risk, @entity2840 , and @entity4095 in the AC angle suggest that exposure of the outflow system to increased @entity26 or @entity26 metabolites may increase oxidative damage to the trabecular meshwork cells, resulting in elevation of intraocular pressure.

title: Central Corneal Thickness Correlates With XXXX Levels in the @entity1 Anterior Chamber Angle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure @entity26 ( @entity4095 ) in eyes of @entity1 undergoing intraocular surgery and identify correlations with @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ). DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: setting: Institutional. @entity1 population: 124 @entity1 undergoing @entity231 and/or @entity726 surgery. observation procedure: Prior to surgery, an @entity26 sensor was introduced into the anterior chamber (AC) via peripheral corneal paracentesis. The tip of the flexible fiberoptic probe was positioned for 3 measurements in all @entity1 : (1) near central corneal endothelium; (2) in mid-AC; and (3) in AC angle. In @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction, additional measurements were taken (4) at the anterior lens surface and (5) in the posterior chamber. main outcome measures: @entity4095 measurements at 5 locations within the eye were compared to @entity2840 measurements by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between @entity2840 and @entity4095 in the anterior chamber angle (P  = .048). @entity4095 was not significantly related to @entity2840 at any other location, including beneath the central @entity267 . Regression analysis relating @entity2840 to age, race, and @entity26 levels in all 5 locations in the anterior segment revealed an association of a thinner @entity267 with increasing age (P  = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic correlations with @entity2840 may provide clues to understanding why a thinner @entity267 increases the risk of open @entity726 . Associations between @entity726 risk, @entity2840 , and @entity4095 in the AC angle suggest that exposure of the outflow system to increased @entity26 or @entity26 metabolites may increase oxidative damage to the trabecular meshwork cells, resulting in elevation of intraocular pressure.

title: Central Corneal Thickness Correlates With @entity26 Levels in the XXXX Anterior Chamber Angle.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity50250 are important compounds that exhibit multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimitotic and antibacterial properties. In the present study, we have analyzed the potential anti- @entity5 activity of a @entity25368 named N9 (a hybrid @entity25368 - @entity5188 compound) using in  vitro and in  vivo experimental @entity11 models. Here, we report N9-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and also N9-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in U87-MG @entity11 cells. These effects of N9 appear to be associated with its ability to inhibit the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins, and also the augmentation in the expression of the @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Additionally, N9 also potentiates the production of the pro-apoptotic markers @entity589 and @entity876 via inhibition of @entity7465 . Moreover, our results show that N9 also significantly enhanced apoptosis of U87-MG cells with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of ROS and @entity8187 activation. In  vivo experiments carried out in a @entity19 xenograft model of U87-MG revealed that N9 produced a significant reduction of @entity5 volume when compared to vehicle treated @entity19 . Collectively, data demonstrate that N9 possess in  vitro and in  vivo anti- @entity5 activity, an effect that seems to involve the induction of @entity876 and @entity994 proteins, as well as, the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway associated with the inhibition of protein @entity7465 . Overall, this study suggests N9 is affecting a variety of intracellular pathways related to @entity5 apoptosis. Perhaps N9 or derivate molecules could represent new potential drugs for @entity5 therapeutics.

title: In  vitro and in  vivo anti- @entity11 activity of a @entity25368 - XXXX hybrid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5188 :: ('CHEBI:36616', 'Chemical') :: ['quinoxaline']

entities_list: @entity50250 :: ('MESH:D047188', 'Chemical') :: ['Chalcones']

answer: @entity5188 :: (CHEBI:36616,Chemical) :: ['quinoxaline']


abstract: @entity50250 are important compounds that exhibit multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimitotic and antibacterial properties. In the present study, we have analyzed the potential anti- @entity5 activity of a @entity25368 named N9 (a hybrid @entity25368 - @entity5188 compound) using in  vitro and in  vivo experimental @entity11 models. Here, we report N9-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and also N9-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in U87-MG @entity11 cells. These effects of N9 appear to be associated with its ability to inhibit the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins, and also the augmentation in the expression of the @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Additionally, N9 also potentiates the production of the pro-apoptotic markers @entity589 and @entity876 via inhibition of @entity7465 . Moreover, our results show that N9 also significantly enhanced apoptosis of U87-MG cells with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of ROS and @entity8187 activation. In  vivo experiments carried out in a @entity19 xenograft model of U87-MG revealed that N9 produced a significant reduction of @entity5 volume when compared to vehicle treated @entity19 . Collectively, data demonstrate that N9 possess in  vitro and in  vivo anti- @entity5 activity, an effect that seems to involve the induction of @entity876 and @entity994 proteins, as well as, the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway associated with the inhibition of protein @entity7465 . Overall, this study suggests N9 is affecting a variety of intracellular pathways related to @entity5 apoptosis. Perhaps N9 or derivate molecules could represent new potential drugs for @entity5 therapeutics.

title: In  vitro and in  vivo anti- @entity11 activity of a XXXX - @entity5188 hybrid.

answer: @entity25368 :: (MESH:D002599,Chemical) :: ['chalcone']


abstract: @entity50250 are important compounds that exhibit multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimitotic and antibacterial properties. In the present study, we have analyzed the potential anti- @entity5 activity of a @entity25368 named N9 (a hybrid @entity25368 - @entity5188 compound) using in  vitro and in  vivo experimental @entity11 models. Here, we report N9-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and also N9-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in U87-MG @entity11 cells. These effects of N9 appear to be associated with its ability to inhibit the expression of cell cycle-associated proteins, and also the augmentation in the expression of the @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) protein, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. Additionally, N9 also potentiates the production of the pro-apoptotic markers @entity589 and @entity876 via inhibition of @entity7465 . Moreover, our results show that N9 also significantly enhanced apoptosis of U87-MG cells with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of ROS and @entity8187 activation. In  vivo experiments carried out in a @entity19 xenograft model of U87-MG revealed that N9 produced a significant reduction of @entity5 volume when compared to vehicle treated @entity19 . Collectively, data demonstrate that N9 possess in  vitro and in  vivo anti- @entity5 activity, an effect that seems to involve the induction of @entity876 and @entity994 proteins, as well as, the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway associated with the inhibition of protein @entity7465 . Overall, this study suggests N9 is affecting a variety of intracellular pathways related to @entity5 apoptosis. Perhaps N9 or derivate molecules could represent new potential drugs for @entity5 therapeutics.

title: In  vitro and in  vivo anti- XXXX activity of a @entity25368 - @entity5188 hybrid.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Introduction Biocompatibility ranks as one of the most important properties of dental materials. One of the criteria for biocompatibility is the absence of material @entity137 to cells, according to the ISO 7405 and 10993 recommendations. Among numerous available methods for @entity137 assessment; 3-dimensional Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (3D CLSM) imaging was chosen because it provides an accurate and sensitive index of living cell behavior in contact with chitosan coated tested implants. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro biocompatibility of functionalized @entity702 with chitosan via a silanation using sensitive and innovative 3D CLSM imaging as an investigation method for @entity137 assessment. Methods The biocompatibility of four samples (controls cells, TA6V, TA6V-TESBA and TA6V-TESBAChitosan) was compared in vitro after 24h of exposure. Confocal imaging was performed on cultured @entity1 gingival fibroblast ( @entity1 ) like cells using Live/Dead   staining. Image series were obtained with a FV10i confocal biological inverted system and analyzed with FV10-ASW 3.1 Software (Olympus France). Results Image analysis showed no @entity137 in the presence of the three tested substrates after 24 h of contact. A slight decrease of cell viability was found in contact with TA6V-TESBA with and without chitosan compared to negative control cells. Conclusion Our findings highlighted the use of 3D CLSM confocal imaging as a sensitive method to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the biocompatibility behavior of functionalized @entity702 with chitosan via a silanation. The biocompatibility of the new functionalized coating to @entity1 cells is as good as the reference in biomedical device implantation TA6V.

title: Functionalization of XXXX surface with Chitosan via silanation: 3D CLSM imaging of cell biocompatibility behaviour.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent literature pertaining to delayed @entity2806 following @entity510 has downplayed the role of angiographic @entity2553 . However, it is our hypothesis that angiographic @entity2553 has a significant pathophysiological role in this disease. We undertook an observational radiographic study of @entity1 who presented in a delayed manner (>72   h from ictus) with evidence of severe angiographic @entity2553 on initial angiography in order to describe an apparent association between @entity2553 and @entity1188 location. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 treated at our unit. Initial, subsequent, and follow-up cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI was analyzed in conjunction with initial angiography. Sites of angiographic narrowing, angiographic hypoperfusion, and subsequent sites of @entity1188 were assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) of mean age 49   years were assessed. Mean time to presentation was 6   days. All had severe angiographic @entity2553 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 suffered @entity1188 ; the @entity1188 in seven of the nine @entity1 were large. There was correlation between sites of angiographic narrowing and @entity1188 in all cases and eight of the nine cases showed angiographic hypoperfusion in a location corresponding to eventual @entity1188 location. CONCLUSIONS: Severe angiographic @entity2553 may be linked to @entity1188 in @entity1 who present late. These @entity1188 are mostly large despite maximal treatment. We question the notion that proximal @entity2553 has a minor role in delayed @entity63 .

title: Delayed XXXX following @entity510 : Can the role of severe angiographic @entity2553 really be dismissed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent literature pertaining to delayed @entity2806 following @entity510 has downplayed the role of angiographic @entity2553 . However, it is our hypothesis that angiographic @entity2553 has a significant pathophysiological role in this disease. We undertook an observational radiographic study of @entity1 who presented in a delayed manner (>72   h from ictus) with evidence of severe angiographic @entity2553 on initial angiography in order to describe an apparent association between @entity2553 and @entity1188 location. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 treated at our unit. Initial, subsequent, and follow-up cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI was analyzed in conjunction with initial angiography. Sites of angiographic narrowing, angiographic hypoperfusion, and subsequent sites of @entity1188 were assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) of mean age 49   years were assessed. Mean time to presentation was 6   days. All had severe angiographic @entity2553 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 suffered @entity1188 ; the @entity1188 in seven of the nine @entity1 were large. There was correlation between sites of angiographic narrowing and @entity1188 in all cases and eight of the nine cases showed angiographic hypoperfusion in a location corresponding to eventual @entity1188 location. CONCLUSIONS: Severe angiographic @entity2553 may be linked to @entity1188 in @entity1 who present late. These @entity1188 are mostly large despite maximal treatment. We question the notion that proximal @entity2553 has a minor role in delayed @entity63 .

title: Delayed @entity1188 following XXXX : Can the role of severe angiographic @entity2553 really be dismissed?

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recent literature pertaining to delayed @entity2806 following @entity510 has downplayed the role of angiographic @entity2553 . However, it is our hypothesis that angiographic @entity2553 has a significant pathophysiological role in this disease. We undertook an observational radiographic study of @entity1 who presented in a delayed manner (>72   h from ictus) with evidence of severe angiographic @entity2553 on initial angiography in order to describe an apparent association between @entity2553 and @entity1188 location. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 treated at our unit. Initial, subsequent, and follow-up cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI was analyzed in conjunction with initial angiography. Sites of angiographic narrowing, angiographic hypoperfusion, and subsequent sites of @entity1188 were assessed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) of mean age 49   years were assessed. Mean time to presentation was 6   days. All had severe angiographic @entity2553 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 suffered @entity1188 ; the @entity1188 in seven of the nine @entity1 were large. There was correlation between sites of angiographic narrowing and @entity1188 in all cases and eight of the nine cases showed angiographic hypoperfusion in a location corresponding to eventual @entity1188 location. CONCLUSIONS: Severe angiographic @entity2553 may be linked to @entity1188 in @entity1 who present late. These @entity1188 are mostly large despite maximal treatment. We question the notion that proximal @entity2553 has a minor role in delayed @entity63 .

title: Delayed @entity1188 following @entity510 : Can the role of severe angiographic XXXX really be dismissed?

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: Treatment of the elderly @entity1 can be significantly compromised by complications which are less troublesome in younger individuals. In the authors' experience this has been the case with septic @entity2268 secondary to intravenous infusion. Thirteen @entity1 over 65 years of age presented with septic @entity2268 during the course of hospitalization for a variety of diseases. All @entity281 occurred in an upper extremity site of @entity691 catheter insertion. Twenty-five per cent of @entity1 had proven @entity2259 and clinically recorded @entity295 , with @entity794 as the most common organism. Treatment consisted of either a full course of intravenous antibiotics or more commonly surgical therapy (either incision and drainage or resection of the involved vein). Three @entity1 required extensive procedures including muscle debridement and fasciotomy. The mean hospital stay of 19 days was largely related to @entity2268 and not primary disease. There was one mortality. Prevention of this condition by meticulous attention to sites of intravenous infusion and frequent changing of these sites rather than treatment after the fact provides the safest mode of @entity1 care.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2268 :: (MESH:D013924,Disease) :: ['Thrombophlebitis']


abstract: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) results from genetic or acquired dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. A subset of @entity1 may have clinical and biochemical characteristics compatible with an @entity792 . We studied a cohort of 85 @entity1 with confirmed @entity631 (2007-2014), of which ten @entity1 (3 male, 7 female; mean age 38.5  years) had an associated @entity792 . All @entity1 had abnormal ANA titers, 6 also had positive ds-DNA titers. At the time of presentation with @entity631 , all 7 female @entity1 had autoimmune-related presentations. Of the 3 male @entity1 , only 1 @entity1 had autoimmune-related presentations. Kidney biopsy showed predominantly mesangial proliferative or @entity631 . In 5 @entity1 , the alternative pathway was evaluated. All had allele variants/polymorphisms associated with @entity631 . One @entity1 was also positive for C3Nefs. Treatment varied form conservative management to the use of @entity229 alone or with cytotoxic therapy. Mean serum @entity1011 decreased from 2.0 to 1.4  mg/dL while @entity644 decreased from 2300 to 994  mg/24  h in 8 @entity1 with follow-up. The study highlights the association between @entity631 and @entity792 , particularly in female @entity1 . The study suggests that an autoimmune milieu may act as a trigger for the development of @entity631 in genetically susceptible @entity1 . Short-term prognosis of @entity631 associated with @entity792 appears excellent.

title: XXXX and @entity792 : more than a fortuitous association?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['C3 glomerulonephritis', 'C3GN', 'membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['C3 glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity631 ( @entity631 ) results from genetic or acquired dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. A subset of @entity1 may have clinical and biochemical characteristics compatible with an @entity792 . We studied a cohort of 85 @entity1 with confirmed @entity631 (2007-2014), of which ten @entity1 (3 male, 7 female; mean age 38.5  years) had an associated @entity792 . All @entity1 had abnormal ANA titers, 6 also had positive ds-DNA titers. At the time of presentation with @entity631 , all 7 female @entity1 had autoimmune-related presentations. Of the 3 male @entity1 , only 1 @entity1 had autoimmune-related presentations. Kidney biopsy showed predominantly mesangial proliferative or @entity631 . In 5 @entity1 , the alternative pathway was evaluated. All had allele variants/polymorphisms associated with @entity631 . One @entity1 was also positive for C3Nefs. Treatment varied form conservative management to the use of @entity229 alone or with cytotoxic therapy. Mean serum @entity1011 decreased from 2.0 to 1.4  mg/dL while @entity644 decreased from 2300 to 994  mg/24  h in 8 @entity1 with follow-up. The study highlights the association between @entity631 and @entity792 , particularly in female @entity1 . The study suggests that an autoimmune milieu may act as a trigger for the development of @entity631 in genetically susceptible @entity1 . Short-term prognosis of @entity631 associated with @entity792 appears excellent.

title: @entity631 and XXXX : more than a fortuitous association?

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a major health burden and the most common @entity5 among @entity1 worldwide. Though its incidence is fourfold greater in high-income countries, in sharp contrast, mortality rates are greatest among the low-income countries. Early detection linked to appropriate treatment is the most effective strategy to improve survival. The purpose of this study therefore was to establish the survival experiences of @entity1 with @entity0 at a Ugandan hospital. METHODS: This study is an observational analytical study. It involved 262 @entity1 during the periods 2004 to 2007 and 2010 to 2012. Kaplan Meier method and Cox regression were used to calculate @entity0 mortality and cumulative survival experiences. RESULTS: Sixty-three out of 262 (23  %) deaths were observed; mean age was 45  years, and 91 observations ended on or before follow-up. Luminal B median survival was months. The 5-year cumulative survival was 51.8 %. There were no stage I and II deaths. There were no differences in survival by phenotype adjusted for age, but there were differences for stage IV (p   =   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative 5-year survival was 51.8 %. The burden of @entity1442 and associated mortality were high, and a significant number of @entity1 were lost to follow-up after their first contact.

title: XXXX survival experiences at a tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Cancer of the breast']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Carbapenems are first-line agents for severe @entity281 with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. The use of carbapenems, however, is associated with the emergence of resistant organisms. We investigated the effects of empirical therapy with non-carbapenems on @entity293 ( @entity293 ) with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a hospital where antimicrobial stewardship has been established. METHODS: This retrospective chart review was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital where antimicrobial stewardship and restriction of carbapenems has been established. @entity1 with a UTI with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were stratified into susceptible and non-susceptible therapy groups according to the susceptibility of the causative organism to the initial antimicrobial therapy. Outcome measures were the duration of antimicrobial therapy, 14-day mortality, infection-related mortality, and clinical cure. RESULTS: Of 90 @entity1 , 30 (33.3%) exhibited susceptible therapy. However, no significant difference was observed in the duration of antimicrobial therapy, 14-day mortality, infection-related mortality, or clinical cure between the susceptible and non-susceptible groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that the independent risk factor for 14-day morality was the use of immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio 5.23, 95% confidence interval 1.26-24.04; p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Non- @entity2893 therapy against @entity293 with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae does not pose a significant risk to @entity1 who are not taking immunosuppressive agents.

title: Efficacy of empirical therapy with non-carbapenems for XXXX with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced @entity101 is a common clinical problem still poorly understood. The presence of GC receptor (GR) in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells suggests a direct role for GC in vasculature. In response to hemodynamic shear stress, endothelium tonically releases @entity842 (NO), @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and prostacyclin contributing to vascular homeostasis. Recently, @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been proposed as a candidate for @entity4059 . @entity3958 is endogenously mainly formed from @entity462 by the action of @entity3959 -b-synthase (CBS) and @entity3959 -y-lyase (CSE). It plays many physiological roles and contributes to cardiovascular function. Here we have evaluated the role played by @entity3958 in mesenteric arterial bed and in carotid artery harvested from @entity35 treated with vehicle or @entity619 (DEX; 1.5   mg/kg/day) for 8 days. During treatments systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in conscious @entity35 . @entity4059 contribution was evaluated in ex-vivo by performing a concentration-response curve induced by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in presence of a combination of @entity3352 and L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester in both vascular districts. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was significantly reduced in DEX-treated group in both mesenteric bed and carotid artery. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was abolished by pre-treatment with both apamin and charybdotoxin, inhibitors of small and big @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channels respectively, or with @entity60372 , inhibitor of CSE. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in CBS and CSE expression as well as @entity3958 production in homogenates of mesenteric arterial bed and carotid artery from DEX-treated @entity35 . In parallel, @entity3958 plasma levels were significantly reduced in DEX group compared with vehicle. In conclusion, an impairment in @entity4059 / @entity3958 signaling occurs in earlier state of GC-induced @entity101 in @entity35 suggesting that counteracting this dysfunction may be beneficial to manage DEX-associated increase in blood pressure.

title: XXXX is involved in @entity619 -induced @entity101 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor', 'EDHF']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity60372 :: ('MESH:C009055', 'Chemical') :: ['propargylglycine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced @entity101 is a common clinical problem still poorly understood. The presence of GC receptor (GR) in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells suggests a direct role for GC in vasculature. In response to hemodynamic shear stress, endothelium tonically releases @entity842 (NO), @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and prostacyclin contributing to vascular homeostasis. Recently, @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been proposed as a candidate for @entity4059 . @entity3958 is endogenously mainly formed from @entity462 by the action of @entity3959 -b-synthase (CBS) and @entity3959 -y-lyase (CSE). It plays many physiological roles and contributes to cardiovascular function. Here we have evaluated the role played by @entity3958 in mesenteric arterial bed and in carotid artery harvested from @entity35 treated with vehicle or @entity619 (DEX; 1.5   mg/kg/day) for 8 days. During treatments systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in conscious @entity35 . @entity4059 contribution was evaluated in ex-vivo by performing a concentration-response curve induced by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in presence of a combination of @entity3352 and L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester in both vascular districts. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was significantly reduced in DEX-treated group in both mesenteric bed and carotid artery. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was abolished by pre-treatment with both apamin and charybdotoxin, inhibitors of small and big @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channels respectively, or with @entity60372 , inhibitor of CSE. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in CBS and CSE expression as well as @entity3958 production in homogenates of mesenteric arterial bed and carotid artery from DEX-treated @entity35 . In parallel, @entity3958 plasma levels were significantly reduced in DEX group compared with vehicle. In conclusion, an impairment in @entity4059 / @entity3958 signaling occurs in earlier state of GC-induced @entity101 in @entity35 suggesting that counteracting this dysfunction may be beneficial to manage DEX-associated increase in blood pressure.

title: @entity3957 is involved in XXXX -induced @entity101 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced @entity101 is a common clinical problem still poorly understood. The presence of GC receptor (GR) in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells suggests a direct role for GC in vasculature. In response to hemodynamic shear stress, endothelium tonically releases @entity842 (NO), @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and prostacyclin contributing to vascular homeostasis. Recently, @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been proposed as a candidate for @entity4059 . @entity3958 is endogenously mainly formed from @entity462 by the action of @entity3959 -b-synthase (CBS) and @entity3959 -y-lyase (CSE). It plays many physiological roles and contributes to cardiovascular function. Here we have evaluated the role played by @entity3958 in mesenteric arterial bed and in carotid artery harvested from @entity35 treated with vehicle or @entity619 (DEX; 1.5   mg/kg/day) for 8 days. During treatments systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in conscious @entity35 . @entity4059 contribution was evaluated in ex-vivo by performing a concentration-response curve induced by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in presence of a combination of @entity3352 and L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester in both vascular districts. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was significantly reduced in DEX-treated group in both mesenteric bed and carotid artery. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was abolished by pre-treatment with both apamin and charybdotoxin, inhibitors of small and big @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channels respectively, or with @entity60372 , inhibitor of CSE. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in CBS and CSE expression as well as @entity3958 production in homogenates of mesenteric arterial bed and carotid artery from DEX-treated @entity35 . In parallel, @entity3958 plasma levels were significantly reduced in DEX group compared with vehicle. In conclusion, an impairment in @entity4059 / @entity3958 signaling occurs in earlier state of GC-induced @entity101 in @entity35 suggesting that counteracting this dysfunction may be beneficial to manage DEX-associated increase in blood pressure.

title: @entity3957 is involved in @entity619 -induced XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced @entity101 is a common clinical problem still poorly understood. The presence of GC receptor (GR) in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells suggests a direct role for GC in vasculature. In response to hemodynamic shear stress, endothelium tonically releases @entity842 (NO), @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and prostacyclin contributing to vascular homeostasis. Recently, @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been proposed as a candidate for @entity4059 . @entity3958 is endogenously mainly formed from @entity462 by the action of @entity3959 -b-synthase (CBS) and @entity3959 -y-lyase (CSE). It plays many physiological roles and contributes to cardiovascular function. Here we have evaluated the role played by @entity3958 in mesenteric arterial bed and in carotid artery harvested from @entity35 treated with vehicle or @entity619 (DEX; 1.5   mg/kg/day) for 8 days. During treatments systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in conscious @entity35 . @entity4059 contribution was evaluated in ex-vivo by performing a concentration-response curve induced by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in presence of a combination of @entity3352 and L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester in both vascular districts. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was significantly reduced in DEX-treated group in both mesenteric bed and carotid artery. @entity4059 -mediated relaxation was abolished by pre-treatment with both apamin and charybdotoxin, inhibitors of small and big @entity460 -dependent @entity972 channels respectively, or with @entity60372 , inhibitor of CSE. Western blot analysis revealed a marked reduction in CBS and CSE expression as well as @entity3958 production in homogenates of mesenteric arterial bed and carotid artery from DEX-treated @entity35 . In parallel, @entity3958 plasma levels were significantly reduced in DEX group compared with vehicle. In conclusion, an impairment in @entity4059 / @entity3958 signaling occurs in earlier state of GC-induced @entity101 in @entity35 suggesting that counteracting this dysfunction may be beneficial to manage DEX-associated increase in blood pressure.

title: @entity3957 is involved in @entity619 -induced @entity101 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of @entity1127 carrying a @entity5 and match association between clinical factors and oncologic progression. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3) at a university hospital in Rome, Italy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 1027 @entity1 consecutively treated for @entity1478 at our center in the period 2002-2011. The association of @entity5 with hormonal status, @entity440 , @entity101 , symptoms, @entity6 , @entity28 , and hormonal replacement therapy in pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 was assessed. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.8  10.8 years. @entity1127 accounted for 95.8% of the total, pre-malignant for 2.67%, malignant for 1.54%. Our data showed that post-menopausal and older @entity1 (>60y) with @entity1478 have a higher risk of developing a related @entity1204 (OR: 3.05, 95% CI [1.54, 6.19], p<0.001 and OR: 2.8, 95% CI [1.38, 5.56], p <=0.003. Also we observed that @entity1 with AUB in the post-menopausal period displayed a risk of @entity5 (OR: 31.1, 95% CI [10.3,111], p value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Special attention should be drawn to symptomatic post-menopausal @entity1 that appear to be at higher risk of @entity5 . Symptomatic pre-menopausal @entity1 and asymptomatic post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity1127 may be a group with intermediate-risk. These @entity1 should undergo an individualized management plan, balancing both risks and benefits of surgical intervention after discussion with the @entity1 .

title: Clinical factors and @entity5 in XXXX . Analysis of 1027 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Benign polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of @entity1127 carrying a @entity5 and match association between clinical factors and oncologic progression. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3) at a university hospital in Rome, Italy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 1027 @entity1 consecutively treated for @entity1478 at our center in the period 2002-2011. The association of @entity5 with hormonal status, @entity440 , @entity101 , symptoms, @entity6 , @entity28 , and hormonal replacement therapy in pre- and post-menopausal @entity1 was assessed. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.8  10.8 years. @entity1127 accounted for 95.8% of the total, pre-malignant for 2.67%, malignant for 1.54%. Our data showed that post-menopausal and older @entity1 (>60y) with @entity1478 have a higher risk of developing a related @entity1204 (OR: 3.05, 95% CI [1.54, 6.19], p<0.001 and OR: 2.8, 95% CI [1.38, 5.56], p <=0.003. Also we observed that @entity1 with AUB in the post-menopausal period displayed a risk of @entity5 (OR: 31.1, 95% CI [10.3,111], p value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Special attention should be drawn to symptomatic post-menopausal @entity1 that appear to be at higher risk of @entity5 . Symptomatic pre-menopausal @entity1 and asymptomatic post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity1127 may be a group with intermediate-risk. These @entity1 should undergo an individualized management plan, balancing both risks and benefits of surgical intervention after discussion with the @entity1 .

title: Clinical factors and XXXX in @entity1478 . Analysis of 1027 cases.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression of many genes have been found in @entity356 . DNA methyltransferases are enzymes potentially affecting promoter hypermethylation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed proteins expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3b by immunohistochemistry in 47 surgically resected @entity356 samples for which clinicopathological characteristics, @entity1 's outcome and methylation status of 11 selected @entity5 -related genes have been determined. Promoter methylation status of genes was assessed by methylation specific PCR. RESULTS: We found that @entity20480 were up-regulated in @entity356 and were detected in 51.1% and 57.4% of cases, respectively. Co-expression of @entity20480 was detected in 44.7%. Correlations analysis have showed that @entity16610 overexpression was significantly correlated with @entity356 of intestinal histological type (P=0.01) and with gender of @entity1 (P=0.01). However, there was no correlation between @entity16610 and @entity15894 overexpression in @entity5 and @entity1 outcome. Moreover, there were no clear relations between the proteins expression of @entity20480 and DNA methylation status of genes. But co-expression of @entity16610 and @entity15894 was significantly associated with promoter hypermethylation of RAR-b2 (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Results from our study indicate that @entity20480 were overexpressed and could be involved in gastric tumorigenesis of intestinal histological type in the case of Tunisian @entity1 .

title: Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 protein expression correlates significantly with intestinal histological type and gender in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5132 is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that induces strong proinflammatory responses, such as @entity1356 production. Much less is known about the induction of immune modulatory cytokines, such as the IL-1 receptor antagonist ( @entity1193 ) that is the main natural antagonist of IL-1, by @entity5132 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy individuals were stimulated with @entity5132 and different components of the fungal cell wall. The role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) for the induction of @entity1356 and @entity1193 was investigated by using specific blockers or in PBMC from @entity9651 deficient @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity5132 induced a strong @entity1193 response, and this induction was primarily induced by the cell-wall component b-glucan. Blocking @entity1193 significantly increased @entity5132 b-glucan hyphae induced @entity1356 and IL-6 production. Surprisingly, blocking the b-glucan receptor @entity9651 or the downstream Syk or Raf-1 pathways only marginally reduced @entity5132 -induced @entity1193 production, while blocking of the complement receptor 3 (CR3), TLR2 or TLR4 had no effect. In line with this, blocking MAP kinases had little effect on Candida-induced @entity1193 production. PBMC isolated from @entity9651 deficient @entity1 produced normal @entity1193 amounts in response to @entity5132 stimulation. Interestingly, the @entity1193 synthesis induced by b-glucan was blocked by inhibitors of the Akt/PI3K pathway. CONCLUSIONS: b-glucan of @entity5132 induces a strong @entity1193 response, which is independent of the b-glucan receptors @entity9651 and CR3. These data strongly argue for the existence of an unknown b-glucan receptor that specifically induces an Akt/PI3K-dependent anti-inflammatory @entity1193 response upon recognition of @entity5132 .

title: An anti-inflammatory property of @entity5132 b-glucan: Induction of high levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist via a XXXX /CR3 independent mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity9651 :: (64581,Gene) :: ['Dectin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5132 is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that induces strong proinflammatory responses, such as @entity1356 production. Much less is known about the induction of immune modulatory cytokines, such as the IL-1 receptor antagonist ( @entity1193 ) that is the main natural antagonist of IL-1, by @entity5132 . METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy individuals were stimulated with @entity5132 and different components of the fungal cell wall. The role of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) for the induction of @entity1356 and @entity1193 was investigated by using specific blockers or in PBMC from @entity9651 deficient @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity5132 induced a strong @entity1193 response, and this induction was primarily induced by the cell-wall component b-glucan. Blocking @entity1193 significantly increased @entity5132 b-glucan hyphae induced @entity1356 and IL-6 production. Surprisingly, blocking the b-glucan receptor @entity9651 or the downstream Syk or Raf-1 pathways only marginally reduced @entity5132 -induced @entity1193 production, while blocking of the complement receptor 3 (CR3), TLR2 or TLR4 had no effect. In line with this, blocking MAP kinases had little effect on Candida-induced @entity1193 production. PBMC isolated from @entity9651 deficient @entity1 produced normal @entity1193 amounts in response to @entity5132 stimulation. Interestingly, the @entity1193 synthesis induced by b-glucan was blocked by inhibitors of the Akt/PI3K pathway. CONCLUSIONS: b-glucan of @entity5132 induces a strong @entity1193 response, which is independent of the b-glucan receptors @entity9651 and CR3. These data strongly argue for the existence of an unknown b-glucan receptor that specifically induces an Akt/PI3K-dependent anti-inflammatory @entity1193 response upon recognition of @entity5132 .

title: An anti-inflammatory property of XXXX b-glucan: Induction of high levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist via a @entity9651 /CR3 independent mechanism.

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity99 is a rare @entity1350 with an unpredictable malignant potential. Different therapeutic options are available, depending on the basis of disease extension and the @entity1 's overall condition. A correct pathological diagnosis is necessary and is often based on scant material. Here, we report a case diagnosed on fine needle aspiration and on a small surgical biopsy. In addition, we will review the literature. The @entity1 is a 54-year-old @entity1 who presented with persistent @entity158 in the right hypochondrium and suffered from @entity353 . Ultrasound examination and CT scan showed several focal and confluent hepatic lesions. Thus, an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) was performed. A cytological diagnosis of @entity455 with epithelioid component was performed. Afterwards, a hepatic "small biopsy" (SB) was made. Histological and immunohistochemical data were consistent with a @entity99 diagnosis. The @entity1 , however, is in good general condition and is waiting for a hepatic transplantation; repeated total CT scan showed no signs of @entity3 . The literature was reviewed in order to define the pathological features that were helpful in the cytological and histological diagnosis of @entity99 , and to better understand if pathological data is prognostically useful.

title: XXXX : Pitfalls in the diagnosis on fine needle cytology and "small biopsy" and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular proliferation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma', 'Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: Electrophysiological characteristics of olfactory-hippocampal relations were examined because recent anatomical studies have described a substantial olfactory input to the hippocampus via the entorhinal cortex. Potentials evoked in the dorsal hippocampus of anesthetized @entity35 by stimulation of the prepyriform cortex, pyriform cortex, diagonal band, lateral olfactory tract, anterior commissure, olfactory tubercle and anterior olfactory nucleus had similar characteristics, although latencies differed. For example, latencies were twice as long after stimulation of the obliquely oriented portion of the diagonal band than after stimulation of the prepyriform cortex. A relatively low-amplitude, initially negative wave was recorded in the subiculum, @entity1249 and @entity1250 , and a relatively high-amplitude, initially positive wave was recorded in @entity16711 and the dentate gyrus. In @entity1251 negative potentials were observed at dorsal recording sites and positive potentials were recorded at more ventral sites. Peak latencies were usually two to four msec shorter for the negative than for the positive wave. Laminar distributions of responses evoked in the hippocampus by stimulation of the prepyriform cortex and diagonal band were evaluated by driving eight electrodes mounted on one carrier through the brain and were found to be strikingly similar. Maximal amplitudes of the negative wave were recorded at the level of stratum moleculare of @entity1249 and the subiculum, and peak amplitudes of the positive wave were associated with the hilus of the dentae gyrus. Transition from negative to positive waveforms occurred approximately at the hippocampal fissure. Although the negative and positive waves were usually elicited together, they also were separable in that only negative waves were recorded along some tracks and only positive waves along others. Also, various stimulation sites in the prepyriform cortex elicited stable high-amplitude positive waves accompanied by negative waves of varying amplitude. It is suggested that branches of the perforant path are involved in generation of the two waves and that activity in a number of olfactory structures may influence the hippocampus, probably via the perforant pathway. Thus, hippocampal potentials following prepyriform or diagnonal band stimulation were not abolished by transection of the fornix-fimbria. Dorsolateral septal stimulation evoked hippocampal responses with characteristics and distribution distinctly different from those evoked by stimulation of olfactory areas. The findings suggest that lateral septal stimulation may activate the hippocampus antidromically.

title: Hippocampal potentials evoked by stimulation of olfactory basal forebrain and lateral septum in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are common yet underappreciated risk factors for adverse perioperative outcomes. We hypothesize that @entity810 and @entity740 are associated with similar increases in 90-day mortality and cost in @entity1 undergoing major vascular surgery. METHODS: We used multivariable regression analyses to evaluate the associations between @entity810 and @entity740 and incremental 90-day mortality and hospital cost in a single-center cohort of 3646 adult @entity1 undergoing major vascular surgery. We defined @entity810 using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria as change in @entity1011 >=  0.3 mg/dL or >=  50% increase from the reference value. @entity740 was determined from medical history. Regression models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, comorbid conditions, surgery type, and @entity260 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity8 among vascular surgery @entity1 is high with 49% of @entity1 developing @entity810 during hospitalization and 17% presenting with @entity740 on admission. In risk-adjusted logistic regression analysis, perioperative @entity810 (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5-3.3) was the most significant predictor of 90-day mortality. The risk-adjusted average cost was significantly higher for @entity1 with any @entity8 . The incremental cost of having any @entity8 ranged from  9100 to  19,100, even after adjustment for underlying comorbidities and other @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 after major vascular surgery is associated with significant increases in 90-day mortality and cost with the highest risk observed among @entity1 with @entity810 regardless of previous @entity740 .

title: Mortality and Cost of XXXX after Vascular Surgery.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['type of kidney disease', 'Kidney disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing techniques for operative treatment of @entity24070 commonly combine skeletal and soft tissue interventions to obtain long-lasting relief of @entity158 . To date, operative treatments include implant arthroplasty, cheilectomy, various osteotomies, nonimplant arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. We assessed a technique that respects the anatomy and joint function and used a shortening osteotomy of the head of the first metatarsal. METHODS: We evaluated a series of 40 consecutive @entity1 affected by grade II and III @entity24070 , aged 32 to 79 years, who had undergone surgery from January 2010 to January 2014. All @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically, preoperatively and postoperatively, and underwent a final follow-up at a mean of 35.4 (range = 12-51) months. For the clinical evaluation, the American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical rating scale for the hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal joints was used. RESULTS: A @entity1 survey revealed excellent and good overall satisfaction in 90% of the sample. Postoperative results included a significant increase (P < .001) in the median global AOFAS score, from 39 (range = 25-60) to 84 (range = 78-94). CONCLUSIONS: The technique of a shortening osteotomy of the first metatarsal head appeared to be useful for the correction of stiffness, @entity158 relief, and an improvement in range of motion. Other advantages were that it preserved the integrity of the metatarsophalangeal joint and led to a rapid functional recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

title: Outcome of Distal First Metatarsal Osteotomy Shortening in XXXX Grades II and III.

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['Hallux Rigidus']


abstract: Bifidobacteria are anaerobes and are difficult to culture in conventional fermentation system. It was observed that @entity39814 enhanced growth of @entity71811 by about 3-fold in a whole @entity1460 solid-state co-fermentation, in a non-anaerobic condition. For the purpose of understanding the metabolic interactions between Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto, the transcriptome of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto was analyzed in single and mixed cultures using RNA-Seq. Compared with the single culture, 459 genes of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 were up regulated and 21 were down regulated in the mixed culture with Ba. subtilis natto, with more than 2-fold difference. Predictive metagenomic analyses suggested that Ba. subtilis natto up regulated transport functions, complex @entity3363 and @entity3689 metabolism, DNA repair, oxydative stress-related functions, and cell growth of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9. In the mixed culture with Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9, only 3 transcripts of Ba. subtilis natto were over-expressed and 3115 were under-expressed with more than 2-fold difference. The highest down-regulated genes were those involved in @entity1735 and @entity3689 metabolism. The data presented here demonstrated a parasitic-like interaction regulated at the transcription level, between Ba. subtilis natto and Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture. The over-expression of genes involved in substrate uptake and metabolism in Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture nevertheless, led to its higher cell concentration in the nutrient rich whole @entity1460 medium.

title: RNA-Seq reveals transcriptomic interactions of XXXX and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in whole @entity1460 solid-state co-fermentation.

entities_list: @entity71811 :: ('573236', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis v9']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity39814 :: ('86029', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis natto']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity39814 :: (86029,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis natto']


abstract: Bifidobacteria are anaerobes and are difficult to culture in conventional fermentation system. It was observed that @entity39814 enhanced growth of @entity71811 by about 3-fold in a whole @entity1460 solid-state co-fermentation, in a non-anaerobic condition. For the purpose of understanding the metabolic interactions between Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto, the transcriptome of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 and Ba. subtilis natto was analyzed in single and mixed cultures using RNA-Seq. Compared with the single culture, 459 genes of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9 were up regulated and 21 were down regulated in the mixed culture with Ba. subtilis natto, with more than 2-fold difference. Predictive metagenomic analyses suggested that Ba. subtilis natto up regulated transport functions, complex @entity3363 and @entity3689 metabolism, DNA repair, oxydative stress-related functions, and cell growth of Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9. In the mixed culture with Bif. animalis subsp. lactis v9, only 3 transcripts of Ba. subtilis natto were over-expressed and 3115 were under-expressed with more than 2-fold difference. The highest down-regulated genes were those involved in @entity1735 and @entity3689 metabolism. The data presented here demonstrated a parasitic-like interaction regulated at the transcription level, between Ba. subtilis natto and Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture. The over-expression of genes involved in substrate uptake and metabolism in Bif. animalis subsp. lactis in the mixed culture nevertheless, led to its higher cell concentration in the nutrient rich whole @entity1460 medium.

title: RNA-Seq reveals transcriptomic interactions of @entity39814 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in whole XXXX solid-state co-fermentation.

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During agonistic encounters, the perception of a larger opponent through morphological signaling typically suppresses @entity146 in the smaller individual, preventing contest intensity escalation. However, non-morphological factors such as central @entity750 ( @entity750 ) activity can influence individual @entity146 , potentially altering contest intensity despite initial size discrepancies. When male stalk-eyed flies (Teleopsis dalmanni) fight, contest escalation is directly proportional to similarity in body size, with escalation being lower in size-mismatched contests. We have shown that both high-intensity @entity146 and the probability of winning are increased in males with pharmacologically elevated @entity750 relative to size-matched non-treated opponents. Here, we hypothesized that, in size-mismatched contests, increasing brain @entity750 in the smaller opponent could similarly increase @entity146 and counteract the low contest intensity normally driven by size discrepancy. Size-mismatched male pairs (greater than 5% difference in @entity3656 ) engaged in a forced fight paradigm, with the smaller @entity238 either untreated or with pharmacologically elevated @entity750 levels. The expression of high-intensity aggressive behaviors was significantly increased in smaller treated opponents, but the probability of winning was not altered. This suggests that while elevated serotonergic activity can increase @entity146 and intensity despite perception of a larger opponent, this is not sufficient to overcome size biases with respect to contest outcome. However, the fact that larger opponents continued to win against smaller treated flies was not simply a function of size. Instead, untreated larger males adjusted their fighting strategy to match the increased @entity146 of their smaller treated opponent, suggesting contextual flexibility in behavior based on individual opponent assessment.

title: David vs. Goliath: XXXX modulates opponent perception between smaller and larger rivals.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['eyestalk length']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Extravascular smooth muscle cells are often observed in the endocardium of @entity1 failing hearts. Here we characterized the phenotype of those cells and investigated their physiological significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We examined left ventricular biopsy specimens obtained from 44 @entity1 with @entity384 and 6 nonfailing hearts. In Masson's trichrome-stained histological preparations, bundles of smooth muscle cells were seen localized in the endocardium in 23 of the 44 specimens (none of the 6 controls). These cells were immunopositive for a-smooth muscle actin, type 2 smooth muscle myosin, @entity2283 and calponin, but were negative for embryonic smooth muscle myosin, @entity2277 , fibronectin and periostin. This profile is indicative of a late differentiation (contractile) smooth muscle phenotype. Electron microscopy confirmed that phenotype, revealing the cells to contain abundant myofilaments with dense bodies but little rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus. In the endocardial smooth muscle-positive group, the left ventricular end-systolic volume index (73  34 vs. 105  50 mL/m(2), p = 0.021), left ventricular peak wall stress (164  47 vs. 196  43 dynes   10(3)/cm(2), p = 0.023) and left ventricular end-systolic meridional wall stress (97  38 vs. 121  37 dynes   10(3)/cm(2), p = 0.036) were all significantly smaller and the ejection fraction was larger (41  8.8 vs. 33  9.3%, p = 0.005) than in the endocardial smooth muscle-negative group. However, no histological parameters differed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: -Endocardial smooth muscle cell bundles in hearts with @entity384 exhibit a mature contractile phenotype and may play a compensatory role mitigating @entity712 by reducing left ventricular wall stress and @entity299 .

title: Phenotype and Physiological Significance of the Endocardial Smooth Muscle Cells in XXXX Failing Hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and visitor violence ( @entity36350 ) towards staff is common across health settings. It has negative effects on staff and treatment provision. Little data is available from the developing world. AIMS: To examine the prevalence of @entity36350 in India and make comparisons with the existing data. METHODS: We administered an abbreviated version of the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff (SOVES-A) in English in Mysore on medical and @entity146 wards. RESULTS: 249 staff participated. 16% of staff in @entity146 wards were subjected to some form of @entity36350 in the past 4 weeks which is lower than in the developed world. 57% of staff on medical wards experienced @entity36350 which is similar to the developed world. @entity1 and Visitors were almost equal sources of this violence. @entity734 was more common than threats and physical assaults. Training in aggression management may be a protective factor. CONCLUSION: @entity36350 is a significant problem in India, especially on medical wards. Aggression management training may be a way to reduce the prevalence of @entity36350 .

title: @entity1 and visitor violence towards staff on medical and XXXX wards in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Verbal abuse']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and visitor violence ( @entity36350 ) towards staff is common across health settings. It has negative effects on staff and treatment provision. Little data is available from the developing world. AIMS: To examine the prevalence of @entity36350 in India and make comparisons with the existing data. METHODS: We administered an abbreviated version of the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff (SOVES-A) in English in Mysore on medical and @entity146 wards. RESULTS: 249 staff participated. 16% of staff in @entity146 wards were subjected to some form of @entity36350 in the past 4 weeks which is lower than in the developed world. 57% of staff on medical wards experienced @entity36350 which is similar to the developed world. @entity1 and Visitors were almost equal sources of this violence. @entity734 was more common than threats and physical assaults. Training in aggression management may be a protective factor. CONCLUSION: @entity36350 is a significant problem in India, especially on medical wards. Aggression management training may be a way to reduce the prevalence of @entity36350 .

title: XXXX and visitor violence towards staff on medical and @entity146 wards in India.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: One hundred forty-four critically ill @entity1 admitted to an intensive care setting were randomly assigned to @entity4444 or antacid treatament groups. Gastric pH was monitored hourly. One hundred twenty-three (85%) @entity1 demonstrated a fall in pH to less than 4 and were considered to require prophylaxis. Prophylaxis was considered adequate if the measured pH could then be maintained at greater than or equal to 4. Fifty-eight @entity1 received antacids alone, the average requirement being 41 cc/hour. Sixty-five @entity1 received @entity4444 . Seventeen (26%) of the @entity4444 prophylaxis @entity1 failed to raise their pH and were than placed on hourly administration of antacid with successful elevations of pH to greater than or equal to 4 in all cases on an average supplementary dose of 53 cc/hour. Risk factors, including @entity295 , @entity551 , @entity542 , @entity1576 , degree of @entity130 , and age, were not statistically different in the two treated groups. Using these same criteria, responders to @entity4444 could not be differentiated from nonresponders. All @entity1 were protected from significant stress @entity548 while on this study. Significant complications of either treatment were minimal. Antacids offered consistent protection against @entity356 and were 100% effective. A routine schedule of 300 mg every six hours of @entity4444 was effective in only 47% of @entity1 , and the maximum dose of @entity4444 was effective in only 74% of @entity1 . Hourly measurement of intragastric pH is required for monitoring the response to prophylaxis of stress @entity548 in severely ill @entity1 .

title: Randomized prospective evaluation of XXXX and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric acidity']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 with @entity0 , the association between the number of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) removed and survival is poorly known. Our objective was to evaluate this association on @entity66 ( @entity66 ). METHODS: Data of 144 517 @entity1 with invasive T1-3M0 @entity0 and initial treatment with @entity1600 biopsy were extracted from the SEER database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: The number of SLNs harvested and the completion of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) were not associated with @entity66 improvement for @entity1 without metastatic nodes. After adjustment, @entity1 with three SLNs had a better @entity66 than did other groups (HR of 0.73 CI 95% [0.60-0.88], p  =  0.001). This result was mainly driven by the group of @entity1 with one metastatic LN. When @entity1 had two or more metastatic LNs, there was no difference in @entity66 according to the number of SLNs or to completion of @entity1600 . CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity1600 harvested was associated with @entity66 . According to @entity66 , the optimal number of SLNs harvested was three in this large series, thereby calling into question the understaging or undertreatment of @entity1600 biopsy in which only one or two SLNs are harvested but also the therapeutic effect of completion @entity1600 .

title: Association of the number of sentinel lymph nodes harvested with survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make an inventory of the number and nature of @entity5883 caused by private firework use in the Netherlands during the New Year celebrations 2013-2014 and that were seen and treated by plastic surgeons. DESIGN: Descriptive study. METHOD: In October 2013 the Netherlands Association of Plastic Surgeons (Nederlandse Vereniging voor Plastische Chirurgie) asked its members to register @entity1 treated for @entity5883 caused by fireworks during the New Year celebrations 2013-2014. The registration form was sent to all members by email. @entity1 data, the sort of firework, the nature of and treatment for the @entity130 of the fireworks were registered. It was also important to note which hand was affected, whether it was the dominant hand and how many fingers were involved. Finger, thumb and hand amputations were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 76 @entity1 were seen by a plastic surgeon for the treatment of @entity5883 caused by fireworks. The @entity1 were all male. In 50% of @entity1 the injury was caused by setting off illegal fireworks. The largest group of victims were aged < 18 years. In 7 @entity1 the hand was amputated to the level of the radiocarpal joint. A total of 232 fingers were injured by fireworks, leading to 63 total finger amputations, including 11 total thumb amputations. Many serious injuries occurred outside the legally permitted time period for setting off fireworks. CONCLUSION: The number of victims with serious @entity5883 caused by fireworks was high during the New Year celebrations 2013-2014 and had increased in comparison with the preceding year. The majority of victims were aged < 18 years and were injured while setting off illegal fireworks by themselves.

title: [ XXXX caused by fireworks and treated by plastic surgeons].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and the legality']

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['Hand injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Subchondral bone mineral density (sBMD) contributes to the initiation and progression of @entity626 ( @entity571 ). Reliable methods to assess sBMD status may predict the response of specific @entity571 phenotypes to targeted therapies. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the knee can determine sBMD, no consensus exists regarding its methodology. OBJECTIVE: Construct a semi-standardized protocol for knee DXA to measure sBMD in @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee by evaluating the varying methodologies present in existing literature. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of original papers published in PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to July 2014 using the following search terms: subchondral bone, @entity571 , and bone mineral density. RESULTS: DXA of the knee can be performed with similar reproducibility values to those proposed by the International Society for Clinical Densitometry for the hip and spine. We identified acquisition view, @entity717 , knee positioning and stabilization, ROI location and definition, and the type of analysis software as important sources of variation. A proposed knee DXA protocol was constructed taking into consideration the results of the review. CONCLUSIONS: DXA of the knee can be reliably performed in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . Nevertheless, we found substantial methodological variation across previous studies. Methodological standardization may provide a foundation from which to establish DXA of the knee as a valid tool for identification of SB changes and as an outcome measure in clinical trials of disease modifying osteoarthritic drugs.

title: DXA in the assessment of subchondral bone mineral density in XXXX -A semi-standardized protocol after systematic review.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['hip rotation']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity2643 on ablation outcome in longstanding persistent @entity955 (LSPAF) @entity1 is not known yet. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of @entity2643 on procedural-outcomes in LSPAF @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation. METHODS: We enrolled 112 LSPAF @entity1 on @entity2643 and scheduled to undergo @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. @entity1 were randomized to @entity2643 discontinuation 4 months before ablation (group 1, n = 56) and a control group (group 2, n = 56) in which ablation was performed without @entity2643 discontinuation. All @entity1 underwent pulmonary vein (PV) antrum and posterior wall isolation, defragmentation and extra PV triggers ablation. @entity1 were followed up for recurrence for 32    8 months post-ablation. Repeat procedures in all recurrent @entity1 were performed off @entity2643 . RESULTS: During ablation, @entity955 termination was more frequent in group 2 compared to group 1 [44 (79%) vs 32 (57%), P = .015]. After high-dosage @entity3044 , more non-PV triggers were disclosed in group 1 compared to group 2 (42 [75%] vs 24 [43%] respectively, P <.001). Group 2 had lower procedure, radiofrequency and fluoroscopy times compared to group 1 (2.7    1 vs 3.1    1 h, 69    13 min vs 87    11 min and 64    14 min vs 85    18 min respectively). At 32    8 month follow-up, on or off antiarrhythmic drug success rate was 37 (66%) in group 1 and 27 (48%) in group 2 (P = .04). During redo, new non-PV trigger sites were identified in group 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Periprocedural continuous @entity2643 was associated with higher organization rate and lower radiofrequency ablation rate. However, masking non-PV triggers increased the late recurrence rate.

title: Effect of periprocedural XXXX on procedure outcome in longstanding persistent @entity955 undergoing extended pulmonary vein antrum isolation: Results from a randomized study (SPECULATE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity2643 on ablation outcome in longstanding persistent @entity955 (LSPAF) @entity1 is not known yet. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of @entity2643 on procedural-outcomes in LSPAF @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation. METHODS: We enrolled 112 LSPAF @entity1 on @entity2643 and scheduled to undergo @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. @entity1 were randomized to @entity2643 discontinuation 4 months before ablation (group 1, n = 56) and a control group (group 2, n = 56) in which ablation was performed without @entity2643 discontinuation. All @entity1 underwent pulmonary vein (PV) antrum and posterior wall isolation, defragmentation and extra PV triggers ablation. @entity1 were followed up for recurrence for 32    8 months post-ablation. Repeat procedures in all recurrent @entity1 were performed off @entity2643 . RESULTS: During ablation, @entity955 termination was more frequent in group 2 compared to group 1 [44 (79%) vs 32 (57%), P = .015]. After high-dosage @entity3044 , more non-PV triggers were disclosed in group 1 compared to group 2 (42 [75%] vs 24 [43%] respectively, P <.001). Group 2 had lower procedure, radiofrequency and fluoroscopy times compared to group 1 (2.7    1 vs 3.1    1 h, 69    13 min vs 87    11 min and 64    14 min vs 85    18 min respectively). At 32    8 month follow-up, on or off antiarrhythmic drug success rate was 37 (66%) in group 1 and 27 (48%) in group 2 (P = .04). During redo, new non-PV trigger sites were identified in group 2 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Periprocedural continuous @entity2643 was associated with higher organization rate and lower radiofrequency ablation rate. However, masking non-PV triggers increased the late recurrence rate.

title: Effect of periprocedural @entity2643 on procedure outcome in longstanding persistent XXXX undergoing extended pulmonary vein antrum isolation: Results from a randomized study (SPECULATE).

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The collection of a complete, verified medication history is essential to @entity1 safety. The involvement of clinical pharmacists has been shown to improve the completeness and accuracy of medication histories; however, to our knowledge, involvement of pharmacy technicians has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine whether verification of medication histories by pharmacy technicians in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) would result in fewer errors in inpatient medication regimens compared to verification by the admitting physician team. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of adult @entity341 @entity1 admitted for continuing care. In the intervention group, medication reconciliation was performed by pharmacy technicians in the @entity341 before the creation of physician admitting orders. In the control group, pharmacy technicians conducted their history taking later, after admission. Initial admitting orders were then compared to the pharmacy technicians' medication reconciliation taken before admission (intervention group) or after admission (control group). Medication discrepancies were classified and determined to be justified or unjustified. Unjustified discrepancies were rated for harm potential. RESULTS: In our cohort of 113 intervention and 75 control subjects, the mean age was 55  years (standard deviation [SD] 16  years); 96 @entity1 (51%) were male. In the intervention group, 566 changes to home medications were observed on admission; 352 (62%) were unjustified. Among controls, 406 changes to home medications were observed; 228 (56%) were unjustified. This difference was not statistically significant (p  =  0.0586). The rate of unjustified medication changes per @entity1 was likewise not significantly different (3.14 [SD 2.98] in interventions vs. 3.17 [SD 2.81] in controls; p  =  0.9570). The rate of medical errors did not differ between study groups, nor did severity ratings of unjustified changes. CONCLUSIONS: Medication reconciliation by pharmacy technicians in the @entity341 did not lead to a significant reduction in unjustified medication discrepancies.

title: A Prospective Cohort Study of Medication Reconciliation Using Pharmacy Technicians in the Emergency Department to Reduce Medication Errors among Admitted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after radical cystectomy (RC) in non-organ-confined @entity150 . METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) underwent RC for locally advanced (pT3-4) or node-positive (pN1-3) @entity150 , or both, between 1990 and 2012. Of these @entity1 , 39 (64%) received @entity900 -based AC after RC (AC group) and the remaining 22 @entity1 (36%) did not (non-AC group). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The AC group was significantly younger (P  = .004), but no significant differences were noted between the groups for pT stage, pN stage, nuclear grade, renal function, and salvage chemotherapy rates after recurrence. During a follow-up of 29 months (median), 40 @entity1 (67%) experienced recurrence/ @entity3 and 34 (56%) died of recurrent @entity150 . The AC group showed better @entity1349 than the non-AC group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( @entity1349 [ @entity1349 ], 23.7 vs. 11.4 months, respectively; P  = .154). CSS was significantly better for the AC group than for the non-AC group ( @entity1349 , 57.4 vs. 17.9 months, respectively; P  = .008). On multivariate analysis, AC was an independent predictive factor for both @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.325; P  = .005) and CSS (HR, 0.186; P  < .001), along with surgical margin status and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). In a subgroup analysis of 31 node-positive cases, the AC group had a significantly better CSS compared with the non-AC group (P  = .029). Analysis of node-negative cases (n  = 30) yielded no significant benefit for AC. CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that postoperative @entity900 -based AC improves survival in locally advanced or node-positive @entity150 , especially in node-positive cases.

title: Adjuvant Chemotherapy Is Possibly Beneficial for  Locally Advanced or Node-Positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder  Cancer']


abstract: @entity5424 is increasingly used for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 . Data about the safety of left atrial radiofrequency ablation procedures under continuous @entity5424 therapy are lacking. We performed a matched-cohort study of @entity1 undergoing left atrium ablation procedures for @entity955 or left @entity956 . For each @entity1 on @entity5424 , 2 @entity1 on @entity3924 were matched by age, gender, and type of @entity943 . The primary safety end point was a composite of @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 . We identified 105 consecutive @entity1 (35 @entity1 ; mean age 63  years) on @entity5424 and matched 210 @entity3924 @entity1 (70 @entity1 , mean age 64  years). The primary end point was met in 11 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 26 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (10.5% vs 12.3%, p  = 0.71). Major @entity548 complications occurred in 1 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 1 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (1% vs 0.5%, p >0.99). @entity548 were observed in 10 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 25 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (9.5% vs 11.9%, p  = 0.61). No @entity1 in either group experienced a @entity1031 event and no @entity1 died. In @entity1 on @entity5424 , no clinical variable was predictive for @entity548 complications. Left atrial ablation procedures under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity5424 are feasible and as safe as under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity3924 .

title: Comparison of safety of left atrial catheter ablation procedures for XXXX under continuous anticoagulation with @entity5424 versus @entity3924 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Minor bleeding complications']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity5424 is increasingly used for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 . Data about the safety of left atrial radiofrequency ablation procedures under continuous @entity5424 therapy are lacking. We performed a matched-cohort study of @entity1 undergoing left atrium ablation procedures for @entity955 or left @entity956 . For each @entity1 on @entity5424 , 2 @entity1 on @entity3924 were matched by age, gender, and type of @entity943 . The primary safety end point was a composite of @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 . We identified 105 consecutive @entity1 (35 @entity1 ; mean age 63  years) on @entity5424 and matched 210 @entity3924 @entity1 (70 @entity1 , mean age 64  years). The primary end point was met in 11 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 26 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (10.5% vs 12.3%, p  = 0.71). Major @entity548 complications occurred in 1 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 1 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (1% vs 0.5%, p >0.99). @entity548 were observed in 10 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 25 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (9.5% vs 11.9%, p  = 0.61). No @entity1 in either group experienced a @entity1031 event and no @entity1 died. In @entity1 on @entity5424 , no clinical variable was predictive for @entity548 complications. Left atrial ablation procedures under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity5424 are feasible and as safe as under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity3924 .

title: Comparison of safety of left atrial catheter ablation procedures for @entity943 under continuous anticoagulation with @entity5424 versus XXXX .

answer: @entity3924 :: (MESH:D010644,Chemical) :: ['phenprocoumon']


abstract: @entity5424 is increasingly used for @entity64 prevention in @entity1 with @entity955 . Data about the safety of left atrial radiofrequency ablation procedures under continuous @entity5424 therapy are lacking. We performed a matched-cohort study of @entity1 undergoing left atrium ablation procedures for @entity955 or left @entity956 . For each @entity1 on @entity5424 , 2 @entity1 on @entity3924 were matched by age, gender, and type of @entity943 . The primary safety end point was a composite of @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 . We identified 105 consecutive @entity1 (35 @entity1 ; mean age 63  years) on @entity5424 and matched 210 @entity3924 @entity1 (70 @entity1 , mean age 64  years). The primary end point was met in 11 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 26 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (10.5% vs 12.3%, p  = 0.71). Major @entity548 complications occurred in 1 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 1 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (1% vs 0.5%, p >0.99). @entity548 were observed in 10 @entity1 of the @entity5424 group and 25 @entity1 of the @entity3924 group (9.5% vs 11.9%, p  = 0.61). No @entity1 in either group experienced a @entity1031 event and no @entity1 died. In @entity1 on @entity5424 , no clinical variable was predictive for @entity548 complications. Left atrial ablation procedures under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity5424 are feasible and as safe as under continuous oral anticoagulation with @entity3924 .

title: Comparison of safety of left atrial catheter ablation procedures for @entity943 under continuous anticoagulation with XXXX versus @entity3924 .

answer: @entity5424 :: (MESH:C522181,Chemical) :: ['apixaban']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of @entity1911 after adrenalectomy is 6.5-16.5%. This study aims to identify predictors of recurrence and optimal biochemical testing and imaging for detecting the recurrence of @entity1911 . METHODS: In this retrospective study we reviewed all @entity1 who underwent adrenalectomy for @entity1911 during a 14-year period at a single institution. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-five @entity1 had adrenalectomy for @entity1911 . Eight @entity1 (6%) developed recurrent disease. The median time from initial operation to diagnosis of recurrence was 35  months. On multivariate analysis, @entity5 size >5  cm was an independent predictor of recurrence. One @entity1 with recurrence died, 4 had stable disease, 2 had progression of disease, and 1 was cured. Recurrence was diagnosed by increases in plasma and/or urinary metanephrines and positive imaging in 6 @entity1 (75%), and by positive imaging and normal biochemical levels in 2 @entity1 (25%). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with large @entity5 (>5  cm) should be followed vigilantly for recurrence. Because 25% of @entity1 with recurrence had normal biochemical levels, we recommend routine imaging and testing of plasma or urinary metanephrines for prompt diagnosis of recurrence.

title: Predictors of recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity128 ( @entity128 ) is recognized as an important complication during @entity955 ablation. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and outcome of @entity128 during superior vena cava isolation (SVCI) and circumferential @entity358 (CPVI) using radiofrequency (RF) energy and the factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-seven consecutive @entity1 who underwent SVCI after CPVI without substrate modification who completed a 12-month follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Point-by-point RF applications were applied with maximum energy settings of 35 W and 30 seconds for the SVCI. In the former 210 @entity1 , sites where pacing captured the @entity6841 were avoided whenever possible; however, the maximum power was 35 W. In the latter 357 @entity1 , RF energy was delivered regardless of @entity6841 capture; however, the power at @entity6841 capture sites was limited to 10 W during continuous diaphragmatic movement monitoring on fluoroscopy. Circumferential @entity358 and SVCI were successfully achieved in all. Twelve @entity1 (2.1%) had @entity128 during SVCI but not during CPVI. @entity128 completely recovered in all @entity1 a median of 8.0 months after the procedure. The prevalence was higher in the former period (3.8% vs 1.1%; P = .03). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the study period (odds ratio 3.546; 95% CI 1.051-11.965; P = .041) was the sole independent predictor for identifying @entity1 with @entity128 during SVCI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity128 occurred in 2.1% of the @entity1 . All occurred during SVCI but not during contemporary CPVI. Energy titration and continuous diaphragmatic movement monitoring significantly decreased the incidence during SVCI.

title: Prevalence and clinical outcome of XXXX during superior vena cava isolation and circumferential pulmonary vein antrum isolation using radiofrequency energy.

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Phrenic nerve injury', 'PNI']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['phrenic nerve injury']