abstract: BACKGROUND: Inevitable warm @entity63 time before organ procurement aggravates posttransplantation @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, but its role in donation after @entity204 ( @entity6061 ) liver transplantation is not clear and the effect of ER stress inhibitors, @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10022 ( @entity14030 ), on the prognosis of recipient of @entity6061 liver transplantation remains unclear. METHODS: Male @entity35 (8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into the control group: liver grafts without warm @entity63 were implanted; @entity6061 group: warm @entity63 time of the liver grafts was 60 minutes; @entity13805 and @entity14030 groups: based on the @entity6061 group, donors were intraperitoneally injected with @entity13805 or @entity14030 30 minutes before the organ procurements. Serum aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress activation and expression of ER stress signal molecules were evaluated. Pathological examinations were performed. The survivals of the recipients in each group were compared for 14 days. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, @entity6061 @entity35 had significantly higher levels of serum aminotransferase at 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after operation (P<0.01, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and oxidative indices (P<0.01 for both @entity1234 and @entity7599 ), more severe @entity409 (P<0.01) and up-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01 for @entity21205 , phos-eIF2alpha1, @entity21206 , @entity12382 , @entity37735 , PERK, @entity12381 and pro-caspase-12). All recipients died within 3 days after liver transplantation. Administration of @entity13805 or @entity14030 significantly decreased aminotransferase levels (P<0.05), increased @entity224 dismutase activities (P<0.01), alleviated @entity409 (P<0.01), down-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01) and improved postoperative survivals (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ER stress was involved with @entity6061 liver transplantation in @entity35 . Preoperative intraperitoneally injection of @entity13805 or @entity14030 protected ER stress and improved prognosis.

title: XXXX and @entity10022 alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve prognosis of donation after @entity204 liver transplantation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13805 :: ('MESH:C031655', 'Chemical') :: ['tauroursodeoxycholic acid', 'TUDCA']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity10022 :: ('MESH:C075773', 'Chemical') :: ['4-phenyl butyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity13805 :: (MESH:C031655,Chemical) :: ['Tauroursodeoxycholic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inevitable warm @entity63 time before organ procurement aggravates posttransplantation @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, but its role in donation after @entity204 ( @entity6061 ) liver transplantation is not clear and the effect of ER stress inhibitors, @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10022 ( @entity14030 ), on the prognosis of recipient of @entity6061 liver transplantation remains unclear. METHODS: Male @entity35 (8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into the control group: liver grafts without warm @entity63 were implanted; @entity6061 group: warm @entity63 time of the liver grafts was 60 minutes; @entity13805 and @entity14030 groups: based on the @entity6061 group, donors were intraperitoneally injected with @entity13805 or @entity14030 30 minutes before the organ procurements. Serum aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress activation and expression of ER stress signal molecules were evaluated. Pathological examinations were performed. The survivals of the recipients in each group were compared for 14 days. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, @entity6061 @entity35 had significantly higher levels of serum aminotransferase at 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after operation (P<0.01, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and oxidative indices (P<0.01 for both @entity1234 and @entity7599 ), more severe @entity409 (P<0.01) and up-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01 for @entity21205 , phos-eIF2alpha1, @entity21206 , @entity12382 , @entity37735 , PERK, @entity12381 and pro-caspase-12). All recipients died within 3 days after liver transplantation. Administration of @entity13805 or @entity14030 significantly decreased aminotransferase levels (P<0.05), increased @entity224 dismutase activities (P<0.01), alleviated @entity409 (P<0.01), down-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01) and improved postoperative survivals (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ER stress was involved with @entity6061 liver transplantation in @entity35 . Preoperative intraperitoneally injection of @entity13805 or @entity14030 protected ER stress and improved prognosis.

title: @entity13805 and @entity10022 alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve prognosis of donation after XXXX liver transplantation in @entity35 .

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inevitable warm @entity63 time before organ procurement aggravates posttransplantation @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, but its role in donation after @entity204 ( @entity6061 ) liver transplantation is not clear and the effect of ER stress inhibitors, @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10022 ( @entity14030 ), on the prognosis of recipient of @entity6061 liver transplantation remains unclear. METHODS: Male @entity35 (8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into the control group: liver grafts without warm @entity63 were implanted; @entity6061 group: warm @entity63 time of the liver grafts was 60 minutes; @entity13805 and @entity14030 groups: based on the @entity6061 group, donors were intraperitoneally injected with @entity13805 or @entity14030 30 minutes before the organ procurements. Serum aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress activation and expression of ER stress signal molecules were evaluated. Pathological examinations were performed. The survivals of the recipients in each group were compared for 14 days. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, @entity6061 @entity35 had significantly higher levels of serum aminotransferase at 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after operation (P<0.01, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and oxidative indices (P<0.01 for both @entity1234 and @entity7599 ), more severe @entity409 (P<0.01) and up-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01 for @entity21205 , phos-eIF2alpha1, @entity21206 , @entity12382 , @entity37735 , PERK, @entity12381 and pro-caspase-12). All recipients died within 3 days after liver transplantation. Administration of @entity13805 or @entity14030 significantly decreased aminotransferase levels (P<0.05), increased @entity224 dismutase activities (P<0.01), alleviated @entity409 (P<0.01), down-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01) and improved postoperative survivals (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ER stress was involved with @entity6061 liver transplantation in @entity35 . Preoperative intraperitoneally injection of @entity13805 or @entity14030 protected ER stress and improved prognosis.

title: @entity13805 and XXXX alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve prognosis of donation after @entity204 liver transplantation in @entity35 .

answer: @entity10022 :: (MESH:C075773,Chemical) :: ['4-phenyl butyric acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inevitable warm @entity63 time before organ procurement aggravates posttransplantation @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in @entity63 -reperfusion injury, but its role in donation after @entity204 ( @entity6061 ) liver transplantation is not clear and the effect of ER stress inhibitors, @entity13805 ( @entity13805 ) and @entity10022 ( @entity14030 ), on the prognosis of recipient of @entity6061 liver transplantation remains unclear. METHODS: Male @entity35 (8-10 weeks) were randomly divided into the control group: liver grafts without warm @entity63 were implanted; @entity6061 group: warm @entity63 time of the liver grafts was 60 minutes; @entity13805 and @entity14030 groups: based on the @entity6061 group, donors were intraperitoneally injected with @entity13805 or @entity14030 30 minutes before the organ procurements. Serum aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress activation and expression of ER stress signal molecules were evaluated. Pathological examinations were performed. The survivals of the recipients in each group were compared for 14 days. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, @entity6061 @entity35 had significantly higher levels of serum aminotransferase at 6 hours, 1 day and 3 days after operation (P<0.01, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and oxidative indices (P<0.01 for both @entity1234 and @entity7599 ), more severe @entity409 (P<0.01) and up-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01 for @entity21205 , phos-eIF2alpha1, @entity21206 , @entity12382 , @entity37735 , PERK, @entity12381 and pro-caspase-12). All recipients died within 3 days after liver transplantation. Administration of @entity13805 or @entity14030 significantly decreased aminotransferase levels (P<0.05), increased @entity224 dismutase activities (P<0.01), alleviated @entity409 (P<0.01), down-regulated ER stress signal expressions (P<0.01) and improved postoperative survivals (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ER stress was involved with @entity6061 liver transplantation in @entity35 . Preoperative intraperitoneally injection of @entity13805 or @entity14030 protected ER stress and improved prognosis.

title: @entity13805 and @entity10022 alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve prognosis of donation after @entity204 liver transplantation in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The definition of @entity6372 ( @entity6372 ) was proposed because of its clinical relevance. @entity6372 relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Whether this rationale can be applied to all @entity377 analogues (NA) is not clear. This study was undertaken to analyze @entity6372 influence on therapeutic outcomes during @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy in NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 150 NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 . These subjects received @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy between February 2001 and July 2013. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were treated with @entity16332 , 35 with @entity17705 , and 46 with @entity15833 . The median therapeutic duration was 19.5 (6-147) months. @entity6372 rates at 24 weeks were similar among three @entity144 ( @entity16332 33.3%, @entity17705 35.0%, @entity15833 32.4%, P=0.981). For all three NAs, @entity1 with a higher baseline viral load or HBeAg-positive status had a higher serum viral positive rate tested by polymerase chain reaction at week 24 and 48. Cumulative probability of virological breakthrough (VBR) for @entity1 treated with @entity16332 was 67% at 5 years, and @entity6372 at 24 weeks was the independent risk factor for VBR (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.09-8.74; P=0.034); also @entity16332 treated @entity1 older than 50 years seemed to have a tendency for VBR (HR: 2.80; 95% CI: 0.99-8.18; P=0.052). A majority of @entity17705 and @entity15833 partial responders achieved and maintained virological response with prolonged monotherapy, except one @entity17705 treated @entity1 who experienced VBR due to resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Management strategy for @entity16332 treatment should include adaptation of regimen according to @entity6372 as an on-treatment response parameter due to its relation with unacceptably high VBR probability. Similar conclusion should not be directly related to @entity17705 or @entity15833 treatment.

title: Partial virological response to three different XXXX analogues in naive @entity1 with @entity6194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'partial virological response']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The definition of @entity6372 ( @entity6372 ) was proposed because of its clinical relevance. @entity6372 relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Whether this rationale can be applied to all @entity377 analogues (NA) is not clear. This study was undertaken to analyze @entity6372 influence on therapeutic outcomes during @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy in NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 150 NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 . These subjects received @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy between February 2001 and July 2013. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were treated with @entity16332 , 35 with @entity17705 , and 46 with @entity15833 . The median therapeutic duration was 19.5 (6-147) months. @entity6372 rates at 24 weeks were similar among three @entity144 ( @entity16332 33.3%, @entity17705 35.0%, @entity15833 32.4%, P=0.981). For all three NAs, @entity1 with a higher baseline viral load or HBeAg-positive status had a higher serum viral positive rate tested by polymerase chain reaction at week 24 and 48. Cumulative probability of virological breakthrough (VBR) for @entity1 treated with @entity16332 was 67% at 5 years, and @entity6372 at 24 weeks was the independent risk factor for VBR (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.09-8.74; P=0.034); also @entity16332 treated @entity1 older than 50 years seemed to have a tendency for VBR (HR: 2.80; 95% CI: 0.99-8.18; P=0.052). A majority of @entity17705 and @entity15833 partial responders achieved and maintained virological response with prolonged monotherapy, except one @entity17705 treated @entity1 who experienced VBR due to resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Management strategy for @entity16332 treatment should include adaptation of regimen according to @entity6372 as an on-treatment response parameter due to its relation with unacceptably high VBR probability. Similar conclusion should not be directly related to @entity17705 or @entity15833 treatment.

title: Partial virological response to three different @entity377 analogues in naive @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The definition of @entity6372 ( @entity6372 ) was proposed because of its clinical relevance. @entity6372 relates to subsequent therapeutic failure which results in the modification of the regimen. Whether this rationale can be applied to all @entity377 analogues (NA) is not clear. This study was undertaken to analyze @entity6372 influence on therapeutic outcomes during @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy in NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 150 NA-naive @entity1 with @entity6194 . These subjects received @entity16332 , @entity17705 or @entity15833 monotherapy between February 2001 and July 2013. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were treated with @entity16332 , 35 with @entity17705 , and 46 with @entity15833 . The median therapeutic duration was 19.5 (6-147) months. @entity6372 rates at 24 weeks were similar among three @entity144 ( @entity16332 33.3%, @entity17705 35.0%, @entity15833 32.4%, P=0.981). For all three NAs, @entity1 with a higher baseline viral load or HBeAg-positive status had a higher serum viral positive rate tested by polymerase chain reaction at week 24 and 48. Cumulative probability of virological breakthrough (VBR) for @entity1 treated with @entity16332 was 67% at 5 years, and @entity6372 at 24 weeks was the independent risk factor for VBR (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.09-8.74; P=0.034); also @entity16332 treated @entity1 older than 50 years seemed to have a tendency for VBR (HR: 2.80; 95% CI: 0.99-8.18; P=0.052). A majority of @entity17705 and @entity15833 partial responders achieved and maintained virological response with prolonged monotherapy, except one @entity17705 treated @entity1 who experienced VBR due to resistance mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Management strategy for @entity16332 treatment should include adaptation of regimen according to @entity6372 as an on-treatment response parameter due to its relation with unacceptably high VBR probability. Similar conclusion should not be directly related to @entity17705 or @entity15833 treatment.

title: Partial virological response to three different @entity377 analogues in naive XXXX with @entity6194 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Peritonitis from perforation of abdominal viscera is associated with high mortality. In western countries individuals older than 65 years constitute a significant proportion of the population and @entity1320 are more challenging to manage in these aged @entity1 . Methods: This prospective cohort study included 143 consecutive @entity1 operated on for primary perforative @entity298 . The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic efficacy of @entity298 Index (MPI) in a population with a significant proportion of older @entity1 and to substantiate advanced age as an independent prognostic factor. @entity1 ' informations were collected both on hospitalization and after surgical exploration; severity of @entity298 was evaluated using the MPI. The prognostic value of MPI was compared to older age and other clinical variables. Results: The intra-hospital mortality was 25.2%. According to the MPI score, the ROC curve identified 21 as cut-off value with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 59% in predicting the risk of @entity204 . MPI score and age over 80 years old resulted independent predictors of mortality at multivariate analysis. In the subgroup of @entity1 with MPI score >= 21, the mortality rate was 46.4% for @entity1 older than 80 years old and 38.3% for younger @entity1 (p  =  0.07); in @entity1 with MPI score <21, the mortality of those aged more than 80 years reached 33.3% compared to 3.4% for younger @entity1 (p  =  0.001). Conclusions: Age older than 80 years is strongly related to major increase in mortality rates and should be taken into account together with the MPI score in planning the surgical approach and the post-operative care.

title: Re-evaluation of Mannheim prognostic index in perforative XXXX : Prognostic role of advanced age. A prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Mannheim Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adolescents go through a phase characterised by physical, mental, psychological and social changes which justify periods of hostile behaviours. The occurrence and intensity of these behaviours may correspond to a psychopathological condition that will affect their future lives. The aim of this research is to identify the socio-demographic and family background variables that influence hostile behaviours in adolescents and to analyse the influence of @entity308 and @entity148 in hostile behaviours in adolescents. METHODS: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study with epidemiological characteristics. The sample consists of 1890 adolescents, 863 (45.7%) @entity1 and 1027 (54.3%) @entity1 whose average age is 16.26 years. The data collection instrument includes the socio-demographic and family background and @entity148 , @entity308 and hostile behaviours in adolescence measurement scales: the State-Trait @entity148 Scale, the @entity308 Scale and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. RESULTS: We found that the prevalent group is between 17 and 21 years old (40.3%) 41.4% @entity1 and 39.4% @entity1 ; the highest percentage of the adolescents (37.8%) are in the 10th year of schooling; 50.7% live in the city, 70.0% live with their parents; the monthly household income is medium-high (56.7%) for (56.5%) @entity1 ; 3.5% of the adolescents exhibit @entity308 , mostly @entity1 who are 17 or older; @entity1 have higher levels of @entity148 -trait and @entity1 of @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: We may conclude that only @entity308 has a relationship with hostile behaviours. It is higher in adolescents with these behaviours. The presence or absence of @entity148 is not related to the hostile behaviour in adolescents.

title: XXXX and @entity308 in adolescents with hostile behaviour.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety-state']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adolescents go through a phase characterised by physical, mental, psychological and social changes which justify periods of hostile behaviours. The occurrence and intensity of these behaviours may correspond to a psychopathological condition that will affect their future lives. The aim of this research is to identify the socio-demographic and family background variables that influence hostile behaviours in adolescents and to analyse the influence of @entity308 and @entity148 in hostile behaviours in adolescents. METHODS: This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study with epidemiological characteristics. The sample consists of 1890 adolescents, 863 (45.7%) @entity1 and 1027 (54.3%) @entity1 whose average age is 16.26 years. The data collection instrument includes the socio-demographic and family background and @entity148 , @entity308 and hostile behaviours in adolescence measurement scales: the State-Trait @entity148 Scale, the @entity308 Scale and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. RESULTS: We found that the prevalent group is between 17 and 21 years old (40.3%) 41.4% @entity1 and 39.4% @entity1 ; the highest percentage of the adolescents (37.8%) are in the 10th year of schooling; 50.7% live in the city, 70.0% live with their parents; the monthly household income is medium-high (56.7%) for (56.5%) @entity1 ; 3.5% of the adolescents exhibit @entity308 , mostly @entity1 who are 17 or older; @entity1 have higher levels of @entity148 -trait and @entity1 of @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: We may conclude that only @entity308 has a relationship with hostile behaviours. It is higher in adolescents with these behaviours. The presence or absence of @entity148 is not related to the hostile behaviour in adolescents.

title: @entity148 and XXXX in adolescents with hostile behaviour.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: This study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity842 (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental @entity2790 models. A total of 75 @entity95 were used. One of four different materials [i.e., a-chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or @entity4023 (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 @entity95 were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1-3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the @entity7462 were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by a-chymotrypsin (p  <  0.01) and Polybead (p  <  0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p  <  0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1-3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p  <  0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the @entity7462 NO levels increased significantly in the models of a-chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p  <  0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of a-chymotrypsin and Polybead (p  <  0.005). Persistent @entity2790 models were induced with a-chymotrypsin and Polybead in the @entity95 . The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased @entity7462 NO level, similar to @entity1 eyes with @entity2747 and @entity2297 .

title: @entity842 levels in the @entity7462 vary in different XXXX experimental models.

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: This study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity842 (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental @entity2790 models. A total of 75 @entity95 were used. One of four different materials [i.e., a-chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or @entity4023 (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 @entity95 were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1-3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the @entity7462 were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by a-chymotrypsin (p  <  0.01) and Polybead (p  <  0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p  <  0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1-3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p  <  0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the @entity7462 NO levels increased significantly in the models of a-chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p  <  0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of a-chymotrypsin and Polybead (p  <  0.005). Persistent @entity2790 models were induced with a-chymotrypsin and Polybead in the @entity95 . The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased @entity7462 NO level, similar to @entity1 eyes with @entity2747 and @entity2297 .

title: @entity842 levels in the XXXX vary in different @entity2790 experimental models.

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: This study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity842 (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental @entity2790 models. A total of 75 @entity95 were used. One of four different materials [i.e., a-chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or @entity4023 (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 @entity95 were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1-3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the @entity7462 were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by a-chymotrypsin (p  <  0.01) and Polybead (p  <  0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p  <  0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1-3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p  <  0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the @entity7462 NO levels increased significantly in the models of a-chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p  <  0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of a-chymotrypsin and Polybead (p  <  0.005). Persistent @entity2790 models were induced with a-chymotrypsin and Polybead in the @entity95 . The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased @entity7462 NO level, similar to @entity1 eyes with @entity2747 and @entity2297 .

title: XXXX levels in the @entity7462 vary in different @entity2790 experimental models.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: Elderly @entity1 are more susceptible to @entity438 . However, many of them are poor surgical candidates and often have to undergo endovascular treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of double-microcatheter technique as an alternative to a balloon- or stent-assisted techniques for @entity439 in elderly @entity1 . A retrospective review of 58 @entity1 with 58 @entity439 treated with the double-microcatheter technique between October 2010 and December 2012 was performed. Immediate post-embolization angiograms were evaluated using a conventional angiographic scale, and clinical evaluation was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Clinical and imaging follow-ups were available in 32 (55  %) @entity1 , with a mean of 12.5  months. Post-embolization angiograms demonstrated @entity432 in 46 of 58 (79  %) @entity439 , a neck remnant in 7 (13  %), and body filling in 5 (8  %). The technique-related complication rate was 5  % (3/58), and the procedural-related mortality rate was 0. Of the 32 @entity439 with follow-ups, recanalization developed in 3 (9  %) @entity439 , and none received re-treatment. Using double-microcatheter technique for embolization of wide-neck @entity438 is safe and effective in the elderly @entity1 . This technique is feasible and safe for coil embolization of @entity439 , especially in cases, which are not suitable for balloon- or stent-assisted techniques.

title: Improved Endovascular Coiling of Wide-Neck XXXX in Elderly @entity1 by Double-Microcatheter Technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'wide-neck aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: Elderly @entity1 are more susceptible to @entity438 . However, many of them are poor surgical candidates and often have to undergo endovascular treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of double-microcatheter technique as an alternative to a balloon- or stent-assisted techniques for @entity439 in elderly @entity1 . A retrospective review of 58 @entity1 with 58 @entity439 treated with the double-microcatheter technique between October 2010 and December 2012 was performed. Immediate post-embolization angiograms were evaluated using a conventional angiographic scale, and clinical evaluation was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Clinical and imaging follow-ups were available in 32 (55  %) @entity1 , with a mean of 12.5  months. Post-embolization angiograms demonstrated @entity432 in 46 of 58 (79  %) @entity439 , a neck remnant in 7 (13  %), and body filling in 5 (8  %). The technique-related complication rate was 5  % (3/58), and the procedural-related mortality rate was 0. Of the 32 @entity439 with follow-ups, recanalization developed in 3 (9  %) @entity439 , and none received re-treatment. Using double-microcatheter technique for embolization of wide-neck @entity438 is safe and effective in the elderly @entity1 . This technique is feasible and safe for coil embolization of @entity439 , especially in cases, which are not suitable for balloon- or stent-assisted techniques.

title: Improved Endovascular Coiling of Wide-Neck @entity438 in Elderly XXXX by Double-Microcatheter Technique.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Wertheim radical hysterectomy combined with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed at the Helsinki University Central Hospital on 132 @entity1 of whom 120 had @entity2622 from Stage IA to early IIB and 12 had @entity1204 Stage II. None of the @entity1 died or had severe complications during their hospitalisation. The left ureter was accidently transected in two @entity1 and both were corrected immediately. Wound complications occurred in 16 @entity1 (12%). The high incidence of wound complications is probably partly related to the low-dose heparin prophylaxis. The initial clinical staging was found to be correct in 85% of the cases. Five cases were under-staged. All ten @entity1 cases of early Stage IIB were over-staged, none of whom had parametrial invasion. The predictive value of lymphangiography was low, 14% in histologically positive cases and 89% in negative cases of lymph node @entity3 . Lymphangiography proved to be only of value in facilitating complete lymph node dissection. Intra-operative lymphangiographic control revealed radio-positive nodes and lead to further dissection in 30 @entity1 (24%).

title: Wertheim radical hysterectomy. Surgical complications, accuracy of clinical staging and value of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['lymphangiography in cervical carcinoma']


abstract: Many outpatients who inadequately prepared for the procedure were cancelled on the day of the examination for various reasons. The aim of study was to investigate whether @entity851 ( @entity851 ) can improve @entity1 ' compliance and reduce cancellation rates. Outpatients scheduled for sedation gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned to mobile phone @entity851 group or control group. @entity1 in the control group received a leaflet on preparation instructions, while @entity1 in the @entity851 group received @entity851 reminders after making an appointment. A total of 1786 @entity1 were analyzed. There was a significant @entity1168 for @entity1 in the @entity851 group (4.8  %) compared with @entity1 in the control group (8.0  %) (P   <   0.001). @entity1 in the @entity851 group were 40  % less likely to be cancelled by medical staff than @entity1 in the control group. The compliance score of the two groups based on demographic and clinic characteristic distribution showed that for both male and female @entity1 , the compliance score was higher in the @entity851 group than that in the control group (P   =   0.023, P   <   0.001, respectively). Additionally, the compliance score was also significantly higher in the @entity851 group among @entity1 who were under 50  years old, less than an undergraduate education level, experiencing their first time for procedure, or whose procedures were gastroscopy, waiting time was between 4 and 15  days, and schedules were in morning (P    <=   0.032). @entity851 reminders can be considered a complement to conventional preparation instructions, which could help improve the compliance of outpatients and reduce the rate of cancellations.

title: XXXX ( @entity851 ) can Enhance Compliance and Reduce Cancellations in a Sedation Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the rate of cancellations']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['Short Message Service']


abstract: Many outpatients who inadequately prepared for the procedure were cancelled on the day of the examination for various reasons. The aim of study was to investigate whether @entity851 ( @entity851 ) can improve @entity1 ' compliance and reduce cancellation rates. Outpatients scheduled for sedation gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly assigned to mobile phone @entity851 group or control group. @entity1 in the control group received a leaflet on preparation instructions, while @entity1 in the @entity851 group received @entity851 reminders after making an appointment. A total of 1786 @entity1 were analyzed. There was a significant @entity1168 for @entity1 in the @entity851 group (4.8  %) compared with @entity1 in the control group (8.0  %) (P   <   0.001). @entity1 in the @entity851 group were 40  % less likely to be cancelled by medical staff than @entity1 in the control group. The compliance score of the two groups based on demographic and clinic characteristic distribution showed that for both male and female @entity1 , the compliance score was higher in the @entity851 group than that in the control group (P   =   0.023, P   <   0.001, respectively). Additionally, the compliance score was also significantly higher in the @entity851 group among @entity1 who were under 50  years old, less than an undergraduate education level, experiencing their first time for procedure, or whose procedures were gastroscopy, waiting time was between 4 and 15  days, and schedules were in morning (P    <=   0.032). @entity851 reminders can be considered a complement to conventional preparation instructions, which could help improve the compliance of outpatients and reduce the rate of cancellations.

title: @entity851 ( XXXX ) can Enhance Compliance and Reduce Cancellations in a Sedation Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['SMS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of infliximab versus corticosteroids in achieving clinical remission in pediatric @entity1 with @entity30 in China. METHOD: Data of all newly diagnosed active @entity30 pediatric cases seen from June 2009 to December 2013 in @entity1 's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of @entity2837 were retrospectively recorded and reviewed. INCLUSION CRITERIA: the age of the @entity1 was less than 18 years; pediatric @entity30 activity index (PCDAI) was more than 10; infliximab or corticosteroids were used for inducing remission; infliximab, immunosuppressive medications or @entity2983 was prescribed for maintaining remission. @entity1 in @entity230 group were followed up for more than 1 year. The enrolled @entity1 were divided into two groups: infliximab group and @entity230 group. Clinical data, laboratory findings and side effects of the medications were collected at week 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48. PCDAI and @entity30 endoscopic index score (CDEIS) were calculated. Clinical response rate, clinical remission rate, relapse rate, @entity33 and growth were evaluated. RESULT: Eleven @entity1 received infliximab therapy and 11 subjects received corticosteroids. In Infliximab group, 6, 5 and 7 @entity1 were in clinical remission at week 2, 4, and 8, while so were 6, 9, and 9 @entity1 in @entity230 group. The difference was not statistically significant (     = 0.00, 3.14, 0.92, P > 0.05). In infliximab group, 8, 8, and 11 @entity1 were in clinical remission at week 2, 4, and 8, so were 8, 9, and 9 @entity1 in @entity230 group. The difference was not statistically significant (     = 0.00,0.26, 2.20, P > 0.05). When compared with data at baseline, significant decreases were observed in the median PCDAI between the two groups at week 2, 4, and 8 (all P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences between two groups at week 2, 4, and 8 (all P > 0.05). At week 12, 24 and 48, 8/11, 7/8, 3/5 cases on infliximab versus 7/11, 9/11, 8/11 cases on @entity230 maintained remission. There was no significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In 7 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 remission was successfully induced at week 8. The relapse rate was similar at week 12, 24, and 48 (     = 0.83, 0.09, 1.00, all P > 0.05). Height for age Z score in infliximab group was significantly higher than that in @entity230 group at week 24 (P < 0.05). Body mass index Z score between the two groups at week 8, 24, and 48 were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Of the @entity1 treated with infliximab, 3 developed side effects. All the @entity1 treated with @entity230 got @entity699 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity30 , infliximab therapy is as effective as @entity288 to induce remission.Less side effects were observed with infliximab therapy compared with immunosuppressive medication and @entity2983 .

title: [Efficacy of infliximab in treatment of pediatric XXXX in China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2837 :: ('CHEBI:23888', 'Chemical') :: ['Medicine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical @entity2040 in endemic countries is treated with a single dose of @entity2039 per 40 mg/kg body weight. Treating according to weight, in resource-poor settings when thousands of doses are to be administered in mass treatment campaigns, is considered problematic. A calibrated dose-pole based on height was developed and is now used in mass treatment campaigns for determining the doses for schoolchildren. The dose-pole will generate dose errors since every @entity1 population contains individuals that are either short or tall for weight. The aim of this study is to explore whether the WHO @entity2039 pole is a satisfactory dose instrument for mass treatment of @entity4114 . METHODS: In 1996 and 2002, 1,694 @entity1 were surveyed in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. We compared doses given by weight to doses given by height using descriptive statistics and regression. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION: The WHO dose-pole for @entity2039 is based on height of the @entity1 ; however, @entity1 with the same height will differ in weight. Our study shows that @entity1 with the same weight could qualify for up to four different dose levels based on their height. The largest variation of doses based on the WHO dose-pole will be found in @entity1 below 20 kg of bodyweight. Using bodyweight and tablet halves as the smallest tablet division unit to determine the doses of @entity2039 , one only has to identify every 6th kilogram of bodyweight; the doses will then vary a lot less than when using the WHO dose-pole.

title: From a weighing scale to a pole: a comparison of two different dosage strategies in mass treatment of XXXX haematobium.

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['Schistosomiasis']


abstract: Phytoremediation of sites contaminated with iron cyanides can be performed using poplar and willow trees. Poplar and willow trees were grown in potting substrate spiked with @entity9970 concentrations of up to 2,000  mg  kg(-1) for 4 and 8  weeks respectively. Soil solution and leaf tissue of different age were sampled for total @entity3789 analysis every week. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was determined to quantify @entity3789 @entity137 . Results showed that @entity3789 in the soil solution of spiked soils differed between treatments and on weekly basis and ranged from 0.5 to 1,200  mg  l(-1). The maximum @entity3789 content in willow and poplar leaves was 518  mg  kg(-1) fresh weight (FW) and 148  mg  kg(-1) FW respectively. @entity3789 accumulated in the leaves increased linearly with increasing @entity3789 concentration in the soil solution. On the long term, significantly more @entity3789 was accumulated in old leaf tissue than in young tissue. Chlorophyll content in poplar decreased linearly with increasing @entity3789 in the soil solution and in leaf tissue, and over time. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for poplars after 4  weeks of exposure was 173  mg  l(-1) and for willow after 8  weeks of exposure-768  mg  l(-1). Results show that willows tolerate much more @entity3789 and over a longer period than poplars, making them very appropriate for remediating sites highly contaminated with iron cyanides.

title: Uptake of XXXX in willow and poplar trees in a long term greenhouse experiment.

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide', 'Cyanide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9970 :: ('MESH:C020354', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrocyanide']

answer: @entity9970 :: (MESH:C020354,Chemical) :: ['ferrocyanide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine perceptions of medical doctor behavior in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) utilization disparities. DATA SOURCES: Secondary data analyses of the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and the National Latino and Asian American Study (2001-2003). STUDY DESIGN: Sample included non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), blacks, Asians, and Latinos. Dependent variables were @entity1 reports of providers' assessment of and counseling on @entity1032 and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) problems, and recommendation for medications or specialty @entity1032 care. The initial sample consisted of 9,100 adults; the final sample included the 3,447 individuals who had been asked about @entity1032 and @entity734 problems. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Bivariate analyses indicated that Asians were the least likely to report being assessed, counseled, and recommended medications and specialty care. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, there were no racial/ethnic differences in assessment of @entity1032 or @entity734 problems. Compared to NHWs, black @entity1 were less likely to report receiving a medication recommendation. Latinos were more likely to report counseling and a recommendation to specialty care. U.S.-born @entity1 were more likely to report a medication recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of provider behavior might contribute to documented disparities in @entity1032 utilization. Further research is needed to determine other points in the treatment utilization process that might account for racial/ethnic disparities.

title: Disparities in Assessment, Treatment, and Recommendations for Specialty Mental Health Care: XXXX Reports of Medical Provider Behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity453 and @entity583 still represent the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Therefore, great efforts have been made in the last decades to improve reperfusion strategies and adjunctive antithrombotic therapies. In fact, despite optimal epicardial recanalisation, a large proportion of @entity1 still experience impaired reperfusion and in-stent @entity715 . The adjunctive use of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa inhibitors may certainly contribute in the @entity455 , especially when administered in the early phase of @entity1188 . In fact, in this phase a larger platelet composition of the @entity715 and the presence of a larger amount of viable myocardium, as compared to a delayed phase, may increase the benefits from this therapy and counterbalance the potential higher risk of @entity548 . A large body of evidence has been accumulated on the benefits from @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors in terms of prevention of stent @entity715 , and benefits in mortality, especially among high-risk @entity1 and as upstream strategy. Therefore, based on current available data, @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors can be recommended as early as possible (upstream strategy) among high-risk @entity1 , such as those with advanced Killip class or anterior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and those presenting within the first three hours. Even though it is not universally accepted, in our opinion this strategy should be implemented in a pre-hospital setting (in ambulance) or at first hospital admission (Emergency Room or Coronary Care Unit, irrespective of whether they are in the spoke or hub hospitals). Peri-procedural intracoronary administration of @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors has not provided additional benefits as compared to intravenous administration and therefore cannot be recommended. Even though the vast majority of trials have been conducted with abciximab, several meta-analyses comparing small molecules (mainly high-dose tirofiban rather than eptifibatide) versus abciximab showed similar angiographic and clinical results between the molecules. Several recent investigations and meta-analyses have documented the higher risk of stent @entity715 associated with bivalirudin as compared to unfractionated heparin (UFH). Being that these results are independent from the use of @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors, UFH should still remain the anticoagulation therapy of choice in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 . Minimisation of @entity548 complications by extensive use of the radial approach, in the setting of @entity583 , may further contribute to the adoption of a more aggressive antithrombotic and antiplatelet therapy incorporating the use of @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors. The establishment of dedicated networks for @entity583 , and the large @entity583 campaign, will certainly contribute to increase the proportion of @entity1 presenting at first medical contact within the early phase (3  h) of @entity1188 and therefore highly suitable for a more aggressive pharmacoinvasive approach with upstream administration of @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors. In fact, although the current therapeutic targets of increased rates of timely reperfusion, mainly by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), has been achieved, a deep look into the future in the fight against @entity583 will certainly put aborting @entity1188 as the major desirable target to be achieved.

title: Platelet XXXX -IIIa Receptor Antagonists in Primary Angioplasty: Back to the Future.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of such complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1427 :: (3674,Gene) :: ['GP IIb']


abstract: Gastric electrical stimulation with the implanted DIAMOND device has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease weight and systolic blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents. The objective of this study was to determine if device implantation alone (placebo effect) contributes to the long-term metabolic benefits of DIAMOND(  ) meal-mediated gastric electrical stimulation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The study was a 48  week randomized, blinded, cross-over trial in university centers comparing glycemic improvement of DIAMOND(  ) implanted @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with no activation of the electrical stimulation (placebo) versus meal-mediated activation of the electrical signal. The endpoint was improvement in glycemic control (HbA1c) from baseline to 24 and 48  weeks. In period 1 (0-24  weeks), equal improvement in HbA1c occurred independent of whether the meal-mediated electrical stimulation was turned on or left off (HbA1c -0.80% and -0.85% [-8.8 and -9.0  mmol/mol]). The device placebo improvement proved to be transient as it was lost in period 2 (25-48  weeks). With electrical stimulation turned off, HbA1c returned toward baseline values (8.06 compared to 8.32%; 64.2 to 67.4  mmol/mol, P  =  0.465). In contrast, turning the electrical stimulation on in period 2 sustained the decrease in @entity4051 c from baseline (-0.93%, -10.1mmol/mol, P  =  0.001) observed in period 1. The results indicate that implantation of the DIAMOND device causes a transient improvement in HbA1c which is not sustained beyond 24  weeks. Meal-mediated electrical stimulation accounts for the significant improvement in @entity4051 c beyond 24  weeks.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation treatment of XXXX 2 @entity6 : effects of implantation versus meal-mediated stimulation. A randomized blinded cross-over trial.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: Gastric electrical stimulation with the implanted DIAMOND device has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease weight and systolic blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic agents. The objective of this study was to determine if device implantation alone (placebo effect) contributes to the long-term metabolic benefits of DIAMOND(  ) meal-mediated gastric electrical stimulation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The study was a 48  week randomized, blinded, cross-over trial in university centers comparing glycemic improvement of DIAMOND(  ) implanted @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with no activation of the electrical stimulation (placebo) versus meal-mediated activation of the electrical signal. The endpoint was improvement in glycemic control (HbA1c) from baseline to 24 and 48  weeks. In period 1 (0-24  weeks), equal improvement in HbA1c occurred independent of whether the meal-mediated electrical stimulation was turned on or left off (HbA1c -0.80% and -0.85% [-8.8 and -9.0  mmol/mol]). The device placebo improvement proved to be transient as it was lost in period 2 (25-48  weeks). With electrical stimulation turned off, HbA1c returned toward baseline values (8.06 compared to 8.32%; 64.2 to 67.4  mmol/mol, P  =  0.465). In contrast, turning the electrical stimulation on in period 2 sustained the decrease in @entity4051 c from baseline (-0.93%, -10.1mmol/mol, P  =  0.001) observed in period 1. The results indicate that implantation of the DIAMOND device causes a transient improvement in HbA1c which is not sustained beyond 24  weeks. Meal-mediated electrical stimulation accounts for the significant improvement in @entity4051 c beyond 24  weeks.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation treatment of @entity164 2 XXXX : effects of implantation versus meal-mediated stimulation. A randomized blinded cross-over trial.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) management with allergoids in @entity1 with @entity56 by monitoring changes in clinical parameters and inflammatory markers in exhaled breath. METHODS: The study population included 43 @entity1 (24 males) of 6-14 years of age, who had @entity56 and were sensitized to mites. Twenty-three individuals were treated with subcutaneous @entity6542 (PURETHAL   Mites, HAL Allergy) for 8 months, i.e. the @entity6542 group, and 20 were given medication to treat symptoms only, i.e. the control group. Before treatment and after 4 and 8 months, several clinical parameters, the levels of exhaled @entity842 and the pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) were determined. RESULTS: The @entity6542 group presented with an improvement in @entity565 classification, a reduction in maintenance drug therapy and improved scores on the quality-of-life questionnaire. These changes were not observed in the control group. Both groups presented significant decreases in EBC pH values at 4 and 8 months after treatment compared to at baseline. However, analysis of the variable 'ratio' showed an increase in the EBC pH values after 8 months of treatment in the @entity6542 group compared with the values at 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6542 with standardized mite extract reduces @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 . A decrease in EBC pH values was observed in both groups, although the @entity6542 group presented a tendency of recovered values after 8 months. Future studies of EBC pH monitoring in the longer term are needed to determine the effectiveness of this marker.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Assessing the efficacy of immunotherapy with a glutaraldehyde-modified house dust mite extract in XXXX by monitoring changes in clinical parameters and inflammatory markers in exhaled breath.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The disposition of @entity1288 ( @entity5708 ) and metabolites in hair remains poorly characterized. We present a case involving a pharmacist in an impaired professionals' monitoring program in whom hair testing yielded @entity5708 on two occasions. On both occasions, his hair was negative for the @entity12336 (OM) metabolite at the cutoff concentration of 100 pg/mg. He claimed that, absent the detection of metabolite, the @entity5708 necessarily represented external contamination. This prompted a review of the laboratory's @entity5708 -positive hair results for the quarter April-June 2014. Overall, 466 specimens contained @entity5708 , with a mean (median) concentration of 2,375 (1,060) pg/mg. Of these @entity5708 -positive specimens, only 47 (10%) contained detectable OM. When @entity5708 was present at or below the mean (median) concentration, only 2.2% (1.3%) of specimens were OM-positive. In the setting of @entity5708 administration, the detection of OM in hair is unlikely at a cutoff concentration of 100 pg/mg. More consistent demonstration of @entity5708 metabolite(s) in hair will require the validation of methods to detect OM at lower concentrations and/or methods to detect @entity71774 .

title: The Disposition of XXXX and Metabolite in Human Hair.

entities_list: @entity12336 :: ('MESH:D010111', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymorphone']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity71774 :: ('MESH:C077256', 'Chemical') :: ['noroxycodone']

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['Oxycodone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: 15-30% of @entity1 with lung cancer will have supraclavicular and cervical lymphadenopathy (SCLN). Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is regarded as an effective diagnostic tool in small size lymph nodes (LNs) and impalpable positron emission tomography detected nodes. We evaluated our diagnostic service performance in relation to the adequacy of samples for @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis from electronic records, searching for all suspected lung cancer referrals that underwent US of the neck  FNA, over a continuous period of 4   years. RESULTS: Of 306 cases with suspected lung cancer referred to our department for US FNA of SCLN, 228 @entity1 underwent the procedure. Of the remaining 78 @entity1 , LNs were not detected in 52 cases and appeared benign in 26. Cytological diagnosis was established in 171 @entity1 (75%) for treatment decisions without further investigations. The remaining 57 @entity1 had further investigations; 45 reconfirmed the US-guided FNA diagnosis. The average LN size was 12.9   mm, and positive cytology was obtained in LNs ranging from 3 to 45   mm. Of 57 adenocarcinoma cases, 34 were tested for @entity470 confirming 4 positive, 25 negative and 5 insufficient samples. No complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: US-guided FNA of SCLN remains an important diagnostic tool in lung cancer. Adequate tissue can be obtained for reliable diagnosis from LNs and for @entity470 mutational analysis, without the need for more invasive and expensive investigations in more than 80% of cases.

title: Reliable XXXX mutation testing in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular lymph node fine-needle aspirates: a cohort study with diagnostic performance analysis.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: We studied the bronchial arterial blood flow (Qbr) and bronchial vascular resistance (BVR) in @entity742 prepared with carotid-bronchial artery shunt. Nine adult @entity742 were anesthetized, and through a left thoracotomy a heparinized Teflon-tipped Silastic catheter was introduced into the bronchial artery. The other end of the catheter was brought out through the chest wall and through a neck incision was introduced into the carotid artery. A reservoir filled with warm heparinized blood was connected to this shunt. The height of blood column in the reservoir was kept constant at 150 cm by adding more blood. Qbr was measured, after interrupting the carotid-bronchial artery flow, by the changes in the reservoir volume. The bronchial arterial back pressure (Pbr) was measured through the shunt when both carotid-bronchial artery and reservoir Qbr had been temporarily interrupted. The mean Qbr was 34.1 +/- 2.9 (SE) ml/min, Pbr = 17.5 +/- 3.3 cm @entity2507 , BVR = 3.9 +/- 0.5 cm @entity2507 X ml-1 X min, mean pulmonary arterial pressure = 21.5 +/- 3.6 cm @entity2507 , and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppcw) = 14.3 +/- 3.7 cm @entity2507 . We further studied the effect of increased left atrial pressure on these parameters by inflating a balloon in the left atrium. The left @entity661 increased Ppcw to 25.3 +/- 3.1 cm @entity2507 , Qbr decreased to 21.8 +/- 2.4 ml/min (P less than 0.05), and BVR increased to 5.5 +/- 1.0 cm @entity2507 .ml-1.min (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of bronchial arterial blood flow and bronchovascular resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['atrial balloon inflation']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: With @entity21934 , the role of @entity3634 is compensated by increased glycolipid content in thylakoid membrane biogenesis but not photosynthetic electron transport in @entity958 chloroplasts. In plants and cyanobacteria, anionic @entity3634 (PG) is the only major phospholipid in thylakoid membranes, where neutral galactolipids @entity10675 ( @entity46502 ) and @entity62618 ( @entity62619 ) are predominant. In addition to provide a lipid bilayer matrix, PG plays a specific role in photosynthetic electron transport. Non-phosphorous sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is another anionic lipid in thylakoids; it substitutes for PG under @entity1391 (Pi) deficiency to maintain proper balance of anionic charge in thylakoid membranes. Although the crucial role of PG in photosynthesis has been deeply analyzed in cyanobacteria, its physiological function in seed plants other than photosynthesis remains unclear. To reveal specific roles of PG and functional overlaps with other thylakoid lipids, we characterized a @entity942 @entity958 mutant ( @entity48735 -2) under Pi-controlled conditions. Under Pi-sufficient conditions, the proportion of PG and other thylakoid lipids was decreased in @entity48735 -2, which led to severe disruption of thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Under Pi-deficient conditions, the proportion of all glycolipids in the mutant was greatly increased, with that of PG further decreased. In Pi-deficient @entity48735 -2, thylakoid membranes remarkably developed, which was accompanied by a change in nucleoid morphology and restored expression of nuclear- and plastid-encoded photosynthesis genes. Increase in glycolipid content with @entity942 may compensate for the loss of PG in terms of thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Although @entity942 increased chlorophyll and photosynthesis protein content in @entity48735 -2, it critically decreased photochemical activity in PSII. Further deprivation of PG in photosynthesis complexes may abolish the PSII activity in Pi-deficient @entity48735 -2, which suggests that glycolipids cannot replace PG in photosynthesis.

title: Specific role of XXXX and functional overlaps with other thylakoid lipids in @entity958 chloroplast biogenesis.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity62618 :: ('MESH:C007388', 'Chemical') :: ['digalactosyldiacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity21934 :: ('MESH:D005955', 'Disease') :: ['phosphate deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['PG-deficient', 'Pi deficiency']

entities_list: @entity10675 :: ('MESH:C009909', 'Chemical') :: ['monogalactosyldiacylglycerol']

answer: @entity3634 :: (MESH:D010715,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: With @entity21934 , the role of @entity3634 is compensated by increased glycolipid content in thylakoid membrane biogenesis but not photosynthetic electron transport in @entity958 chloroplasts. In plants and cyanobacteria, anionic @entity3634 (PG) is the only major phospholipid in thylakoid membranes, where neutral galactolipids @entity10675 ( @entity46502 ) and @entity62618 ( @entity62619 ) are predominant. In addition to provide a lipid bilayer matrix, PG plays a specific role in photosynthetic electron transport. Non-phosphorous sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) is another anionic lipid in thylakoids; it substitutes for PG under @entity1391 (Pi) deficiency to maintain proper balance of anionic charge in thylakoid membranes. Although the crucial role of PG in photosynthesis has been deeply analyzed in cyanobacteria, its physiological function in seed plants other than photosynthesis remains unclear. To reveal specific roles of PG and functional overlaps with other thylakoid lipids, we characterized a @entity942 @entity958 mutant ( @entity48735 -2) under Pi-controlled conditions. Under Pi-sufficient conditions, the proportion of PG and other thylakoid lipids was decreased in @entity48735 -2, which led to severe disruption of thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Under Pi-deficient conditions, the proportion of all glycolipids in the mutant was greatly increased, with that of PG further decreased. In Pi-deficient @entity48735 -2, thylakoid membranes remarkably developed, which was accompanied by a change in nucleoid morphology and restored expression of nuclear- and plastid-encoded photosynthesis genes. Increase in glycolipid content with @entity942 may compensate for the loss of PG in terms of thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Although @entity942 increased chlorophyll and photosynthesis protein content in @entity48735 -2, it critically decreased photochemical activity in PSII. Further deprivation of PG in photosynthesis complexes may abolish the PSII activity in Pi-deficient @entity48735 -2, which suggests that glycolipids cannot replace PG in photosynthesis.

title: Specific role of @entity3634 and functional overlaps with other thylakoid lipids in XXXX chloroplast biogenesis.

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Regulation of macrophage @entity16179 plays an important role in pathogenesis of @entity232 . However, the precise involvement of any parasite molecule in this process remains uncertain. In the current study, in silico wide analysis demonstrated that genes in the @entity3911 genome are highly enriched for CpG motifs, with sequence frequency of 8.7%. Here, we show that unmethylated species-specific CpG motifs in LdDNA significantly (P = 0.01) delay macrophage @entity16179 by endosomal interaction with TLR9 via the adaptor protein MyD88. Importantly, LdDNA triggered high levels of luciferase activity (P = 0.001) under NF-kB-dependent transcription in HEK-TLR9 cells. Furthermore, the activation of caspases in macrophages was inhibited (P = 0.001) in the presence of LdDNA. Notably, the delay of @entity16179 was mediated by modulation of the antiapoptotic proteins, Mcl-1 and Bfl-1, and impairment of loss of     m in macrophages through the neutralization of oxidative and nitrosative stress. The inhibition of caspase activation and up-regulation of Mcl-1 by LdDNA were TLR9 dependent. Analysis of the targets of LdDNA identified an early activation of the TLR9-dependent PI3K/Akt and SFK pathways, which were required for the observation of the antiapoptotic effects in macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate that LdDNA modulates the TLR9-IkB-a pathway by promoting the @entity669 phosphorylation of TLR9 and the TLR9-mediated recruitment of Syk kinase. The results have identified a novel, TLR9-dependent antiapoptotic function of LdDNA, which will provide new opportunities for discovering and evaluating molecular targets for drug and vaccine designing against @entity10389 .

title: Unmethylated CpG motifs in the XXXX DNA regulate TLR9-dependent delay of programmed cell death in macrophages.

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania donovani']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['L. donovani']


abstract: In the past few decades, @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) has evolved from a disease that was untreatable and progressive, to one that can be easily controlled with antiviral therapy. However, @entity1 with severe @entity409 still remain difficult to treat despite the availability of highly potent nucleos(t)ide analogs. These include those with underlying @entity82 , severe flares of @entity6194 ( @entity157 ), and for those undergoing liver transplantation. For those with established @entity82 , antiviral therapy should be considered for all, as unpredictable flares can still occur, which can be fatal for those with @entity409 . However, even with effective viral suppression, the development of @entity157 can still occur. For @entity1 with severe flares of @entity6194 , although the use of antiviral can improve long term outcomes, a significant proportion may still die without liver transplantation. The short term prognosis of these @entity1 is dependent on both the severity of flare and underlying pre-existing @entity409 . In @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 , @entity1578 secondary to severe flares, or those with @entity157 , liver transplantation may be curative. After liver transplantation, long term antiviral therapy is required to prevent @entity393 from recurrent @entity1956 . The use of @entity1956 immune globulin (HBIG) in combination with an oral antiviral agent has been the mainstay of post-transplant antiviral regimen for over a decade. With newer and more potent antiviral agents such as @entity15833 and @entity17705 , use of these agents along with HBIG have demonstrated to be effective in preventing significant recurrence in the long term.

title: Management of @entity6194 in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'advanced chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB, hepatocellular carcinoma', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['graft loss']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: In the past few decades, @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) has evolved from a disease that was untreatable and progressive, to one that can be easily controlled with antiviral therapy. However, @entity1 with severe @entity409 still remain difficult to treat despite the availability of highly potent nucleos(t)ide analogs. These include those with underlying @entity82 , severe flares of @entity6194 ( @entity157 ), and for those undergoing liver transplantation. For those with established @entity82 , antiviral therapy should be considered for all, as unpredictable flares can still occur, which can be fatal for those with @entity409 . However, even with effective viral suppression, the development of @entity157 can still occur. For @entity1 with severe flares of @entity6194 , although the use of antiviral can improve long term outcomes, a significant proportion may still die without liver transplantation. The short term prognosis of these @entity1 is dependent on both the severity of flare and underlying pre-existing @entity409 . In @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 , @entity1578 secondary to severe flares, or those with @entity157 , liver transplantation may be curative. After liver transplantation, long term antiviral therapy is required to prevent @entity393 from recurrent @entity1956 . The use of @entity1956 immune globulin (HBIG) in combination with an oral antiviral agent has been the mainstay of post-transplant antiviral regimen for over a decade. With newer and more potent antiviral agents such as @entity15833 and @entity17705 , use of these agents along with HBIG have demonstrated to be effective in preventing significant recurrence in the long term.

title: Management of XXXX in severe @entity409 .

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: Five cases of @entity299 occurring in chronic alcoholics are described. The clinical diagnosis was based on the presence of @entity177 , low dietary intake of @entity9138 and the therapeutic response to oral @entity9138 . Complicating @entity299 was excluded by haemodynamic studies, left ventriculography; coronary angiography and endomyocardial biopsy. Haemodynamic measurements including quantitative left ventriculography are reported. They indicate that left ventricular function is depressed despite elevated cardiac output. Biopsy material was studied by light and electron microscopy. No lesion specific to beriberi was detected by either technique although the biopsies were quantitatively abnormal. The histological changes resemble those in early reports based on necropsy material, and consist of vacuolation and intercellular @entity4 in the early stages with myofibre @entity1184 , @entity82 and cellular infiltration in the chronic cases. The @entity20176 test and response to intravenous @entity9138 during catheter studies are valuable diagnostic tests. Plasma @entity916 , @entity2178 and @entity1369 levels were lower than in @entity1 with low output @entity712 . The incidence of @entity299 appears to be greater than is generally realized.

title: The haemodynamic, histopathological and hormonal features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'cardiac beriberi']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['alcoholic cardiac beriberi']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical features and surgical outcomes of 23-Gauge (G) vitrectomy for lens fragments dropped into the vitreous during @entity231 surgery. METHODS: A retrospective, non-comparative, interventional case series at a single medical center. The medical records of 45 eyes from 45 consecutive @entity1 who were referred to our hospital for surgical retrieval of phacoemulsification dropped lens fragments and who underwent 23-G vitrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to @entity1 demographics, pre- and post-operative Snellen visual acuity, and @entity260 were recorded. Factors associated with dropped lens fragments were also examined. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 68.18      11.47  years. The preoperative and postoperative mean logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity was 1.91      0.59 (Snellen equivalent 0.06      0.15) and 0.42      0.51 (Snellen equivalent 0.54      0.31), respectively. Forty-two eyes (93.3%) had dislocated lens fragments <50% of the total lens size. Two eyes (4.4%) had a large and hard lens nucleus, which necessitated the use of a 20-G fragmatome to efficiently and completely remove the lens material. At the final examination, 30 eyes (66.6%) had a visual acuity better than 20/40. Post-vitrectomy complications included elevated IOP for at least 3  months (n  =  5 eyes, 11.1%), intraocular @entity7194 (n  =  2 eyes, 4.4%), and @entity1103 (n  =  1 eye, 2.2%). No cases of @entity86 or @entity1713 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A 23-G vitrectomy is safe and efficient for the surgical management of dropped lens fragments following @entity231 surgery.

title: Surgical outcomes of 23-gauge vitrectomy for the management of lens fragments dropped into the vitreous cavity during XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['lens dislocation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: Study the ophthalmic morbidities for @entity1 born prematurely at a Tertiary care center in Riyadh city. METHODS: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study at King Fahad Medical City for premature @entity1 born at gestational age (GA)    32  weeks or birth weight (BW)    1500  g during the study period from January 1, 2007, until the end of December 2009 was conducted. Short term outcome was diagnosis with @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and long-term outcome was ophthalmic findings at age 18-24  months. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of @entity989 was 30%. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity989 had a mean GA of 27  weeks (23-35  weeks) and mean BW of 907  g (530-1730  g). Risk factors other than GA and BW for @entity989 , identified in the predictive logistic regression model, were blood transfusion [ @entity18704 ] and diagnosis with @entity548 (OR  =  2.90). Strabismus was identified in 14% of the study cohort. Diagnosis of @entity3467 (spherical equivalent    +0.75  D) was equal in both @entity989 and no- @entity989 groups (p  =  0.56). @entity1714 (spherical equivalent    -0.75  D) and @entity940    1.00  D were diagnosed more frequently in the @entity989 group (p  <  0.0001 and 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A higher incidence of @entity989 was observed in this cohort compared to some Saudi Arabian centers. It is recommended that the screening criteria be maintained and that the effects of further control of blood transfusion be assessed in a prospective study. The authors recommend an extra ophthalmic evaluation at the age of 18-24  months for all premature @entity1 born with GA       32  weeks.

title: Ophthalmic short- and long-term outcomes for premature XXXX : Results of an extended follow-up program in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['ROP', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aim: Intragastric balloons are used as a treatment for @entity28 . Much of the data collected on balloons has been in the context of clinical trials in academic medical centers or as a bridge to bariatric surgery in @entity28 centers. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of balloon treatment in private practice. @entity1 and methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 6-month @entity353 data and balloon-related complications of @entity1 referred to three private centers for @entity28 treatment. Results: A total of 815 @entity1 (131 males) were referred for balloon treatment (mean age 36.5 years, mean body weight 111.7kg, mean body mass index [BMI] 38.1kg/m(2)). The 6-month @entity353 data were available for 672 @entity1 . Mean @entity353 was 20.9kg (7.2 BMI units). A total of 372 @entity1 visited the center only once following balloon placement (i.e. for balloon removal), but these @entity1 still achieved a mean @entity353 of 19.4kg (6.6 BMI units). Successful @entity353 (i.e. >= 10%) was achieved in 85.0%. Severe complications consisted of dehydration requiring hospital admission (n=2; 0.2%), and @entity1321 caused by @entity661 , which required surgery (n=2; 0.2%). A total of 35 deflated balloons (4.3%) were passed rectally without any adverse events. Severe @entity2910 following balloon placement was diagnosed in 12 @entity1 (1.5%). A total of 53 @entity1 (6.5%) requested balloon removal during the first month. Nine balloons (1.1%) were removed for medical reasons. Conclusion: In the private practice setting, intragastric balloons on their own, without an intensive lifestyle program and supportive consultations, resulted in safe and substantial weight losses, and may fill the therapeutic gap between pharmacotherapy and surgery.

title: Outcomes of XXXX in a private practice setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['balloon deflation']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['intragastric balloon placements']


abstract: Background and study aims: Endoscopic resection is the standard treatment for superficial @entity418 . Data on early @entity420 (EAC) are widely restricted to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), whereas large studies have been published on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for @entity957 ( @entity957 ). ESD has potential advantages regarding en bloc and R0 resection rates, which have been demonstrated for @entity957 . However, studies have failed to confirm these advantages in EAC. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ESD in early @entity418 . @entity1 and methods: A total of 111 early @entity418 (87 EACs and 24 ESCCs) were resected by ESD at a German tertiary referral center. A total of 60 EACs were resected within Barrett's segments  <=M3. Resection rates, complications, and follow-up data were recorded prospectively. Results: En bloc resection rates were 95.4% for EAC and 100% for @entity957 (P=0.575), and R0 resection rates were 83.9% and 91.7%, respectively (P=0.515). The R0 resection rate was higher in Barrett's  <=M3 vs. >M3 (90% vs. 70.4%; P=0.029). The curative resection rate was 72.4% for EAC vs. 45.8% for @entity957 (P=0.026). Endoluminal recurrence was observed in 2.4% of EACs (8% in Barrett's >M3, 0% in Barrett's  <=M3), and 0% of ESCCs. Complications included strictures (11.7%) and bleedings (0.9%), but no perforation. Disease-specific survival was 97.7% (EAC) and 95.8% ( @entity957 ), and overall survival was 96.6% (EAC) and 66.7% ( @entity957 ) over a mean follow-up period of 24.3 months and 38.0 months, respectively. Conclusions: ESD was shown to be a safe resection method, achieving high R0 resection rates in both EAC and @entity957 . Recurrence rates were low. To improve R0 resection within long Barrett's segments, diagnosis of the lateral extension of the lesion needs to be improved.

title: Early XXXX in Europe: endoscopic treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['early squamous cell carcinoma', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancers']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3303 for treating @entity63 -induced @entity943 was determined in a conscious @entity235 model with a previous @entity583 remote from the @entity63 area. Temporary (up to 5.5 minutes) occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery was made in eight conscious @entity235 that had sustained an @entity583 13 to 35 days previously. Each @entity235 served as its own control. @entity943 were observed in 100% of control experiments but in only 25% of experiments after @entity1855 pretreatment at 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Repetitive ventricular complexes, defined as two or more consecutive ventricular complexes terminating spontaneously in sinus rhythm, were seen in 88% of control experiments and 13% of @entity1855 experiments, whereas @entity2224 was seen in 6% of control experiments but in no @entity1855 experiment. Thus, @entity1855 abolished @entity943 or reduced the grade of @entity943 in all @entity235 . Six of the eight @entity235 were also tested with @entity3303 pretreatment at one or two doses resulting in mean plasma levels of 3.8 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml. @entity943 were seen in 92% of control experiments and 100% of @entity3303 experiments. The incidence of @entity2224 increased from 8% in control to 60% in @entity3303 experiments. It is concluded that @entity1855 may prevent severe @entity63 -induced @entity943 after a recent @entity583 , whereas @entity3303 may in some cases aggravate @entity943 .

title: Effects of @entity1855 and XXXX in a @entity235 model of sudden coronary death.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3303 for treating @entity63 -induced @entity943 was determined in a conscious @entity235 model with a previous @entity583 remote from the @entity63 area. Temporary (up to 5.5 minutes) occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery was made in eight conscious @entity235 that had sustained an @entity583 13 to 35 days previously. Each @entity235 served as its own control. @entity943 were observed in 100% of control experiments but in only 25% of experiments after @entity1855 pretreatment at 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Repetitive ventricular complexes, defined as two or more consecutive ventricular complexes terminating spontaneously in sinus rhythm, were seen in 88% of control experiments and 13% of @entity1855 experiments, whereas @entity2224 was seen in 6% of control experiments but in no @entity1855 experiment. Thus, @entity1855 abolished @entity943 or reduced the grade of @entity943 in all @entity235 . Six of the eight @entity235 were also tested with @entity3303 pretreatment at one or two doses resulting in mean plasma levels of 3.8 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml. @entity943 were seen in 92% of control experiments and 100% of @entity3303 experiments. The incidence of @entity2224 increased from 8% in control to 60% in @entity3303 experiments. It is concluded that @entity1855 may prevent severe @entity63 -induced @entity943 after a recent @entity583 , whereas @entity3303 may in some cases aggravate @entity943 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity3303 in a @entity235 model of sudden coronary death.

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3303 for treating @entity63 -induced @entity943 was determined in a conscious @entity235 model with a previous @entity583 remote from the @entity63 area. Temporary (up to 5.5 minutes) occlusion of the circumflex coronary artery was made in eight conscious @entity235 that had sustained an @entity583 13 to 35 days previously. Each @entity235 served as its own control. @entity943 were observed in 100% of control experiments but in only 25% of experiments after @entity1855 pretreatment at 0.4 mg/kg body weight. Repetitive ventricular complexes, defined as two or more consecutive ventricular complexes terminating spontaneously in sinus rhythm, were seen in 88% of control experiments and 13% of @entity1855 experiments, whereas @entity2224 was seen in 6% of control experiments but in no @entity1855 experiment. Thus, @entity1855 abolished @entity943 or reduced the grade of @entity943 in all @entity235 . Six of the eight @entity235 were also tested with @entity3303 pretreatment at one or two doses resulting in mean plasma levels of 3.8 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml. @entity943 were seen in 92% of control experiments and 100% of @entity3303 experiments. The incidence of @entity2224 increased from 8% in control to 60% in @entity3303 experiments. It is concluded that @entity1855 may prevent severe @entity63 -induced @entity943 after a recent @entity583 , whereas @entity3303 may in some cases aggravate @entity943 .

title: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity3303 in a XXXX model of sudden coronary death.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Recruitment of basophils to sites of homocytotropic antibody-mediated @entity56 has been well documented in both experimental and clinical situations. Mechanisms underlying tissue basophil accumulation, however, remain unclear and may involve @entity6722 , cell proliferation, or both. We have recently reported the presence in @entity1 blood of circulating basophil/mast cell progenitors on the basis of @entity112 content of granulocyte colonies grown in methylcellulose. In the current studies we have analyzed the peripheral blood of 30 @entity1 with @entity402 and 25 comparable control subjects for frequency of basophil/mast cell progenitors by analysis of the @entity112 content of individual granulocyte colonies. Forty percent of granulocyte colonies in cultures of @entity1097 @entity1 contained @entity112 in comparison to only 11% in cultures of control subjects (p less than 0.001). @entity112 content per colony as well as mean @entity112 per cell in each colony was higher in granulocyte colonies of @entity1097 subjects and could not be related to colony size or culture conditions. Granulocyte colony growth was enhanced by antigen-stimulated, peripheral blood lymphomononuclear cell--conditioned media of @entity1097 @entity1 . @entity112 -positive colonies were found more frequently in active versus quiescent @entity66 (p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basophils accumulate at sites of @entity56 at least in part by recruitment of progenitors from circulation and subsequent differentiation in situ in response to lymphokines. Further studies by use of hemopoietic assays could elucidate the contribution of basophil production to the development of @entity56 .

title: Increased numbers of circulating basophil progenitors in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conditions', 'hypersensitivity reactions', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic']


abstract: Recruitment of basophils to sites of homocytotropic antibody-mediated @entity56 has been well documented in both experimental and clinical situations. Mechanisms underlying tissue basophil accumulation, however, remain unclear and may involve @entity6722 , cell proliferation, or both. We have recently reported the presence in @entity1 blood of circulating basophil/mast cell progenitors on the basis of @entity112 content of granulocyte colonies grown in methylcellulose. In the current studies we have analyzed the peripheral blood of 30 @entity1 with @entity402 and 25 comparable control subjects for frequency of basophil/mast cell progenitors by analysis of the @entity112 content of individual granulocyte colonies. Forty percent of granulocyte colonies in cultures of @entity1097 @entity1 contained @entity112 in comparison to only 11% in cultures of control subjects (p less than 0.001). @entity112 content per colony as well as mean @entity112 per cell in each colony was higher in granulocyte colonies of @entity1097 subjects and could not be related to colony size or culture conditions. Granulocyte colony growth was enhanced by antigen-stimulated, peripheral blood lymphomononuclear cell--conditioned media of @entity1097 @entity1 . @entity112 -positive colonies were found more frequently in active versus quiescent @entity66 (p less than 0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basophils accumulate at sites of @entity56 at least in part by recruitment of progenitors from circulation and subsequent differentiation in situ in response to lymphokines. Further studies by use of hemopoietic assays could elucidate the contribution of basophil production to the development of @entity56 .

title: Increased numbers of circulating basophil progenitors in @entity1097 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']