abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6010 rarely occur in the retropharynx with only three cases reported in the current literature. The most common symptom associated with @entity6010 is @entity1282 . We report a @entity6010 with an unusual clinical presentation of neck stiffness and @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of literature. METHODS: A 42 year old @entity1 presented with incapacitating @entity4048 and neck stiffness as well as @entity1282 . Neurological work up was normal. Imaging revealed a hyper-dense, ill-defined, diffuse right retropharyngeal mass suggestive of a possible @entity4847 with no communication with the cervical spine. Surgical removal was uneventful and associated with a post-operative @entity4820 . In follow-up, @entity1282 and neck symptoms improved. CONCLUSION: @entity6010 can occur in a wide age range of @entity1 . @entity954 via a cervical approach offers definitive therapy but maybe associated with an iatrogenic @entity4820 for which the @entity1 should be counseled prior to operative intervention. @entity4048 is an atypical symptom that needs to be worked up to rule out a communication with the spinal column prior to surgical removal. @entity1 must be counseled that atypical symptoms may not completely resolve with surgical treatment.

title: XXXX presenting with neck stiffness: report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['Retropharyngeal ganglioneuromas', 'retropharyngeal ganglioneuromas', 'Ganglioneuromas', 'retropharyngeal ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['neck pain', 'Neck pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['Retropharyngeal ganglioneuroma']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 , who had been treated with @entity1092 for 3 years because of generalized @entity410 , ingested a large amount of this drug in an attempt to suicide. The exact amount he had swallowed could not be determined. The @entity1 arrived in the intensive care unit in a deep @entity772 , was intubated, and artificially ventilated. He developed a massive @entity2657 , as proved by computerized tomography (CT). This was supported by electroencephalography (EEG). The measured value for the concentration of @entity1092 in serum was markedly elevated on the day of admission (2300 mumol/l; therapeutic range 350-700 mumol/l). Treatment with @entity19014 , @entity653 , and glucocorticoids was initiated. A second CT scan performed 9 days after admission showed a complete normalization and the EEG yielded a markedly improved pattern. At this point the @entity1 slowly regained @entity1662 . We conclude that in @entity1 with an acute @entity1092 intoxication, care should be taken with regard to the development of a severe @entity2657 , which in the reported case could be treated successfully.

title: A case of valproate intoxication with excessive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral seizures']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate', 'sodium valproate', 'sodium-valproate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity19014 :: ('CHEBI:9561', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium thiopental']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity177 commencing CAPD treatment were studied by a sensitive ferrokinetic technique. All were severely anaemic with a low red cell volume (RCV). Plasma volume (PV) was raised in twelve. Mean red cell lifespan (MRCL) was reduced in eleven subjects, and marrow @entity68 turnover (MIT) was inappropriately low but this was not related to @entity1307 levels. Six @entity1 were restudied after several months CAPD. PV fell in four and RCV increased in all six. MRCL rose to normal in three. The other three subjects has an increase in MIT. @entity1307 levels did not change significantly. The major cause of @entity417 is a failure of erythropoiesis to match fully the demands of red cell destruction.

title: Erythropoiesis in the XXXX of @entity177 : the response to CAPD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['uraemic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity177 commencing CAPD treatment were studied by a sensitive ferrokinetic technique. All were severely anaemic with a low red cell volume (RCV). Plasma volume (PV) was raised in twelve. Mean red cell lifespan (MRCL) was reduced in eleven subjects, and marrow @entity68 turnover (MIT) was inappropriately low but this was not related to @entity1307 levels. Six @entity1 were restudied after several months CAPD. PV fell in four and RCV increased in all six. MRCL rose to normal in three. The other three subjects has an increase in MIT. @entity1307 levels did not change significantly. The major cause of @entity417 is a failure of erythropoiesis to match fully the demands of red cell destruction.

title: Erythropoiesis in the @entity417 of XXXX : the response to CAPD.

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: During the 1960s, it was suggested that, at least in clinical stage I disease, simple mastectomy or even wide excision, plus radiotherapy to the breast and gland fields resulted in the same distant recurrence rate and survival as the orthodox radical operation. It was thought that local control of the disease was not important in terms of ultimate prognosis and it was felt that minimal surgery incurred no penalty. It was forecast that @entity0 would soon be treated by radiotherapy alone, possibly even without @entity5 . Four developments have materially affected the situation. 1. It has been shown that assays of hormone receptors should be carried out on all primary @entity5 . 2. In clinical stage II disease, it has been demonstrated that restricted surgery results in a penalty in terms of distant recurrence and survival. 3. It is now realised that the number of involved axillary lymph nodes must be known to evaluate future prognosis. 4. Adjuvant chemo or endocrine therapy have proved to be effective in treating @entity1 with heavy axillary node involvement. These developments mean that the effective treatment of early @entity0 must entail @entity5 , achieve local control of disease and include axillary node dissection. Currently, only the modified radical mastectomy effectively equates with these three aims. Nevertheless, it is possible that @entity5 excision, irradiation to the @entity5 bed and breast, and axillary node dissection would achieve the same object whilst conserving the breast.

title: The surgeon's role in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: During development of vertebrate cerebellum, a multiple innervation of each Purkinje cell (PC) by several climbing fibers (CFs) (Cr  pel, F., J. Mariani, and N. Delhaye-Bouchaud (1976) J. Neurobiol. 7: 567-578; Mariani, J., and J. -P. Changeux (1981) J. Neurosci. 1: 696-702) precedes the one-to-one relationship characteristic of the adult stage. In the present study, the spontaneous activity of inferior olivary neurons (whose axons constitute the CFs) and the spontaneous activity elicited in PCs by the @entity1577 system were investigated in developing @entity35 . Extracellular unitary recordings were obtained in medial and dorsal accessory olives from 249 neurons from 1-day-old to adult animals. The mean discharge rate varied from 0.19 spike . @entity41286 on day 1 to 1.69 spikes . @entity41286 on postnatal day 21 and 1.78 spikes . @entity41286 in adult animals. Although the spontaneous discharge was low, interspike interval histograms were constructed for a sample of cells. Their modal value varied from a mean value of 660 msec on day 1 to 250 msec in the adult with, however, marked variations at each age in the young animals. Intracellular recordings from PCs were performed in @entity35 ranging in age from 5 to 15 postnatal days. The spontaneous (i.e., asynchronous) discharge of excitatory postsynaptic potentials mediated neurons at the same age. The main results are the following: (1) In PCs innervated by one @entity1577 , the mean frequency of @entity1577 -EPSPs was similar to the discharge of inferior olivary neurons; (2) in PCs innervated by several CFs, the mean discharge of @entity1577 -EPSPs was much higher than the discharge of inferior olivary neurons; (3) as a whole, the @entity1577 -mediated activity of PCs decreased from day 5 to day 11, while the multiple innervation disappeared; from then on, the activity increased with the maturation of inferior olivary neurons until adult values. The ratio of the frequencies of @entity1577 -EPSPs and olivary neurons discharges gives an approximate mean number of @entity1577 collaterals per PC at each age; it varied from 3.6 on day 5 to values close to 1 on day 11 and the following days.

title: Ontogenesis of olivocerebellar relationships. II. Spontaneous activity of inferior olivary neurons and climbing fibermediated activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells in developing XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The hormonal status of @entity1 with @entity1575 has been investigated in numerous studies. Little, however, is known about changes of sexual hormones in @entity1 afflicted by this disorder. In a study of 31 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age 63 +/- 8 years) suffering from @entity82 of various etiology (alcoholic, n = 8; posthepatitic B, n = 1; PBC, n = 5; cryptogenetic, n = 17) the blood levels of @entity53 (E2), @entity1815 (E1), @entity2671 (A), @entity251 (T) and basal and stimulated values of gonadotropins are reported and compared with the data obtained in an age-matched control group (n = 9). In @entity82 a significant increase of the median E2 (28 vs 12 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) was found, whereas the changes of the blood levels of E1 (88 vs 76 pg/ml), A (63 vs 111 ng/dl), and T (0.30 vs 0.15 ng/ml) did not attain statistical significance in comparison to controls. Within the study group, however, a significant positive correlation with the degree of decompensation of @entity82 (Childscore A-C) was observed for the @entity134 hormones measured. Thus, in subgroup C the hormone levels are higher than physiologically expected for postmenopausal @entity1 . On the other hand the median FSH (32 vs 48 mU/ml, P less than 0.05) is significantly lower in @entity82 compared to controls with a trend to decreased values of LH. Very low levels of LH and FSH are found in decompensated @entity82 . The decrease of LH and FSH can partly be explained by the rise of peripheral hormones (i.e. E2, E1, and in some cases T and A).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Sex hormones and the hypophyseo-gonadal axis in females with XXXX in postmenopause].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is a clinically used drug with mutagenic and antitumor activities, presumably elicited through its covalent binding to DNA, however, little is known about @entity1139 binding to DNA in vivo. @entity73103 -postlabeling method that does not require radiolabeled test compounds was employed here to study the formation of DNA adducts in somatic and reproductive tissues of @entity35 24 h after an i.p. dose of 9 mg/kg @entity1139 . Among 14 tissues studied in female @entity35 , @entity1139 -DNA adduct levels were within a 2-fold range in 11 tissues, i.e. bladder, colon, esophagus, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, small intestine and stomach (minimum levels of 9.6-21.9 adducts per 10(7) N). Three other tissues, i.e. brain, spleen and thymus, exhibited lower adduct levels (0.2 5.4 and 1.4 adducts, respectively, per 10(7) N). Liver DNA adduct levels were 32% lower in male than in female @entity35 . Testicular DNA contained 2.5 adducts per 10(7) N, i.e. 5.3 times less than ovarian DNA. 32P-labeled adduct patterns were qualitatively similar among the different tissues and consisted of 10 adducts, one of which comprised 71 (+/- 5)% of the total. All these adducts were chromatographically identical to adducts formed by the reaction of chemically reduced @entity1139 with DNA in vitro, demonstrating that metabolic activation of @entity1139 occurred via reduction. Using homopolydeoxyribonucleotides modified with @entity1139 , in vivo adducts were shown to be mostly (greater than 90%) @entity2774 derivatives and small amounts of @entity5536 , @entity5538 and @entity6244 products. Most of the adducts appeared to be monofunctional derivatives of DNA @entity2036 . Dose-dependent @entity1139 -DNA adduct formation was determined in @entity35 liver over an 82-fold range of @entity1139 administered (0.11-9.0 mg/kg). The lowest dose level studied was 4.5 times lower than the recommended single dose for @entity1 @entity5 chemotherapy (20 mg/m2). Thus, these results predict that 32P-postlabeling methodology is suitable to monitor and quantify DNA adducts in tissue biopsies of @entity1 receiving @entity1139 chemotherapy.

title: 32P-analysis of DNA adducts in somatic and reproductive tissues of @entity35 treated with the anticancer antibiotic, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity73103 :: ('p|SUB|A|32|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A 32P']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is a clinically used drug with mutagenic and antitumor activities, presumably elicited through its covalent binding to DNA, however, little is known about @entity1139 binding to DNA in vivo. @entity73103 -postlabeling method that does not require radiolabeled test compounds was employed here to study the formation of DNA adducts in somatic and reproductive tissues of @entity35 24 h after an i.p. dose of 9 mg/kg @entity1139 . Among 14 tissues studied in female @entity35 , @entity1139 -DNA adduct levels were within a 2-fold range in 11 tissues, i.e. bladder, colon, esophagus, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, small intestine and stomach (minimum levels of 9.6-21.9 adducts per 10(7) N). Three other tissues, i.e. brain, spleen and thymus, exhibited lower adduct levels (0.2 5.4 and 1.4 adducts, respectively, per 10(7) N). Liver DNA adduct levels were 32% lower in male than in female @entity35 . Testicular DNA contained 2.5 adducts per 10(7) N, i.e. 5.3 times less than ovarian DNA. 32P-labeled adduct patterns were qualitatively similar among the different tissues and consisted of 10 adducts, one of which comprised 71 (+/- 5)% of the total. All these adducts were chromatographically identical to adducts formed by the reaction of chemically reduced @entity1139 with DNA in vitro, demonstrating that metabolic activation of @entity1139 occurred via reduction. Using homopolydeoxyribonucleotides modified with @entity1139 , in vivo adducts were shown to be mostly (greater than 90%) @entity2774 derivatives and small amounts of @entity5536 , @entity5538 and @entity6244 products. Most of the adducts appeared to be monofunctional derivatives of DNA @entity2036 . Dose-dependent @entity1139 -DNA adduct formation was determined in @entity35 liver over an 82-fold range of @entity1139 administered (0.11-9.0 mg/kg). The lowest dose level studied was 4.5 times lower than the recommended single dose for @entity1 @entity5 chemotherapy (20 mg/m2). Thus, these results predict that 32P-postlabeling methodology is suitable to monitor and quantify DNA adducts in tissue biopsies of @entity1 receiving @entity1139 chemotherapy.

title: 32P-analysis of DNA adducts in somatic and reproductive tissues of XXXX treated with the anticancer antibiotic, @entity1138 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A vast array of new antiarrhythmic agents have joined the old agents among the clinician's available resources. While treatment of @entity943 is completely justifiable for @entity1 with symptoms, their use to prevent @entity1164 has not yet been established. Because of their potential risks, the benefit/risk ratio must always be kept in mind. If we elect to treat @entity1 who have benign or potentially lethal @entity943 (usually to eliminate refractory symptoms) we typically begin with either a beta blocker or one of the new potent class IC antiarrhythmic agents such as @entity6237 or @entity11808 . These drugs cause few side effects, no organ @entity137 , and in the case of @entity11808 or @entity6237 , have marked potency. Few important proarrhythmic effects are seen with these potent drugs in this group of @entity1 . If these fail, one can try either a class IA or IB agent or a combination of a IA and IB agent. We always avoid @entity2643 . In @entity1 with lethal @entity943 , one should choose a drug without negative inotropic potential such as @entity5126 or @entity11808 as initial therapy. The combination of IA and IB agents should also be considered early in therapy. In @entity1 with overt @entity712 with markedly depressed left ventricular function in the setting of lethal @entity943 , @entity7306 , beta blockers, and @entity6237 should be avoided. @entity2643 is used in this population only when the other available agents have proven to be ineffective or badly tolerated.

title: Antiarrhythmic agents for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity11808 :: ('MESH:D016700', 'Chemical') :: ['encainide']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative @entity73 (POCD) can affect 30% of orthopedic surgery @entity1 . We hypothesized that perioperative temperature has an impact on POCD. METHODS: We included 150 @entity1 over 65 years of age scheduled for total knee replacement under spinal anesthesia. They were randomized to receive standard care (sheet cover) or active warming. Neurocognitive assessment (11 subtests) was performed pre-operatively and at day 4 (three subtests) and 3 months (10 subtests). A control group of 55 nonsurgical @entity1 took the same tests at equivalent times. POCD was defined as an individual score decrease of more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the baseline on at least two subtests or 2 SDs in the combined z-score, in both cases using control-adjusted changes. RESULTS: Tympanic temperature declined below 35   C in 88% of standard-care @entity1 ; 25.3% of warmed @entity1 had a temperature >= 36   C. On day 4, 3.2% of standard-care @entity1 and 19.4% of warmed @entity1 had POCD (P=0.0058). At 3 months, there were no between-group differences (standard care, 14.3%; warmed, 6.5%) (P=0.2440). CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative warming was associated with a higher incidence of @entity73 at 4 days after total knee replacement in @entity1 >65 years of age.

title: Intraoperative warming and post-operative XXXX after total knee replacement.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term success reports by Dr. Ponseti with the Ponseti method in the treatment of @entity5149 have led to a renewed interest in this method among pediatric orthopedists. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mid-term effectiveness of Ponseti method for the treatment of @entity5149 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 49 @entity1 (67 clubfeet) were treated by Ponseti method by single orthopedic surgeon during the period of October 03 to July 07 and were studied prospectively up to July 10 (mean follow up period 5 years, minimum follow-up period of 3 years). Age at the initiation of the treatment, gender, bilaterality, severity of the initial @entity85 measured by Pirani Severity Score System, total numbers of Ponseti casts before the tenotomy, details of tenotomy, compliance with brace and CTEV shoes were examined. Passive range of movements and look of @entity5149 are evaluated with mean 5 years follow-up. RESULTS: We followed the functional Ponseti Scoring System and got good to excellent results in 44 @entity1 --89.79% (58 clubfeet--86.56%) at mean five year of follow up. Parents of 32 @entity1 (65.30%) accept the look of the clubfoot nearly normal and parents of 12 @entity1 (24.49%) accept the look of clubfoot as normal. Of the 49 @entity1 who responded to initial Ponseti casting, 14 @entity1 --28.57% (19 clubfeet--28.35%) had relapse at varying age; out of which 9 @entity1 --64.29% (10 clubfeet--52.63%) were corrected by Ponseti casting method, while 5 @entity1 --35.71% (9 clubfeet--47.37%) were resistant to Ponseti method. Poor compliance with the Denis Browne splint was thought to be the main cause of failure in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Ponseti method is a safe and satisfactory treatment for @entity5149 with mid- term effectiveness.

title: Mid-term results of Ponseti method for the treatment of XXXX --(a study of 67 clubfeet with mean five year follow-up).

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['clubfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital idiopathic clubfoot', 'club foot']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['congenital idiopathic clubfoot']


abstract: The size and activity of the shoot apical meristem is regulated by transcription factors and low molecular mass signals, including the plant hormone cytokinin. The cytokinin status of the meristem depends on different factors, including metabolic degradation of the hormone, which is catalyzed by cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) enzymes. Here, we show that @entity17624 and @entity44479 regulate the activity of the reproductive meristems of @entity958 . @entity17624 is expressed in the central WUSCHEL (WUS) domain, while @entity44479 shows a broader meristematic expression. @entity17624 @entity44479 double mutants form larger inflorescence and floral meristems. An increased size of the WUS domain and enhanced primordia formation indicate a dual function for cytokinin in defining the stem cell niche and delaying cellular differentiation. Consistent with this, mutation of a negative regulator gene of cytokinin signaling, @entity958 HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 6, which is expressed at the meristem flanks, caused a further delay of differentiation. Terminal cellular differentiation was also retarded in @entity17624 @entity44479 flowers, which formed more cells and became larger, corroborating the role of cytokinin in regulating flower organ size. Furthermore, higher activity of the @entity17624 @entity44479 placenta tissue established supernumerary ovules leading to an increased seed set per silique. Together, the results underpin the important role of cytokinin in reproductive development. The increased cytokinin content caused an ~55% increase in seed yield, highlighting the relevance of sink strength as a yield factor.

title: Cytokinin regulates the activity of reproductive meristems, flower organ size, ovule formation, and thus seed yield in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'ARABIDOPSIS']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: The case was a 36-year-old male whose chief complaints were @entity448 and @entity353 . Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed circumferential stenosis in the fourth portion of the duodenum, while CT revealed a @entity5 with a diameter of 60 mm continuing as a single mass from the pancreatic body and tail to the fourth portion of the duodenum, and this was accompanied by findings that raised suspicions of circumferential invasion of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ). Based on these results and biopsy, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity788 that was considered to be unresectable. After performing gastrojejunostomy, we administered @entity4420 (40 mg/m2, day 1), CDDP (60 mg/m2, day 1), and S-1( 80 mg/m2, day 1-14) for 3 courses. The @entity5 response was PR and the images indicated the @entity6029 invasion was disappeared. We judged that the @entity5 could be gone by a resection while preserving the @entity6029 . In the surgical findings, the @entity5 continued as a single mass from the pancreatic body and tail to the third portion of the duodenum, and the surrounding area exhibited marked @entity82 . We performed a pancreatic tail resection along with combined resection of third and fourth portions of the duodenum, transverse @entity694 , and left adrenal gland. The case was diagnosed to be well-differentiated @entity788 with duodenal invasion. Cancer invasion was not observed in any of the stripped surfaces surrounding the pancreas. The T3, N1, M0, fStage III antitumor effects were mildly effective. In this case, the treatment was initially started by considering the case as one of @entity5 , but the final results of a pathological diagnosis revealed that it was @entity788 . However, either way, even though the case was unresectable before the chemotherapy performed for @entity5 was significantly effective for the @entity788 . Therefore, a resection became possible, and an R0 resection was also effective.

title: [A case report--locally advanced XXXX was resected after chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic and SMA invasion of duodenal cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesentric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: We herein report an extremely rare operative case of an isolated extraperitoneal @entity3 of @entity694 . A female @entity1 had undergone a sigmoidectomy for ileus due to sigmoid @entity694 when she was 40 years old. Peritoneal @entity3 , 5 mm in diameter, was on the sigmoid colon mesentery and she was histologically diagnosed as Stage IV. She received @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy for 24 months. Serum @entity787 increased gradually from 36 months after the operation, and CT scan demonstrated bilateral @entity5 . Bilateral oophorectomy was performed at 44 months after the operation. Serum @entity787 decreased temporarily, but increased again. Serum @entity787 increased in spite of giving UFT/LV, so we changed to mFOLFOX6 therapy. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after 9 courses, and stopped mFOLFOX6 therapy. Four months later, serum @entity787 increased again and PET-CT demonstrated a 3 cm mass with @entity730 in pelvic, and accumulation of FDP. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after a resection of extraperitoneal mass. A histological examination of the @entity5 revealed a moderately differentiated @entity694 . She has been well without recurrence 77 months after the first operation.

title: [Successfully resected an isolated extraperitoneal @entity3 of sigmoid XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ovarium tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma similar to colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: We herein report an extremely rare operative case of an isolated extraperitoneal @entity3 of @entity694 . A female @entity1 had undergone a sigmoidectomy for ileus due to sigmoid @entity694 when she was 40 years old. Peritoneal @entity3 , 5 mm in diameter, was on the sigmoid colon mesentery and she was histologically diagnosed as Stage IV. She received @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy for 24 months. Serum @entity787 increased gradually from 36 months after the operation, and CT scan demonstrated bilateral @entity5 . Bilateral oophorectomy was performed at 44 months after the operation. Serum @entity787 decreased temporarily, but increased again. Serum @entity787 increased in spite of giving UFT/LV, so we changed to mFOLFOX6 therapy. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after 9 courses, and stopped mFOLFOX6 therapy. Four months later, serum @entity787 increased again and PET-CT demonstrated a 3 cm mass with @entity730 in pelvic, and accumulation of FDP. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after a resection of extraperitoneal mass. A histological examination of the @entity5 revealed a moderately differentiated @entity694 . She has been well without recurrence 77 months after the first operation.

title: [Successfully resected an isolated extraperitoneal XXXX of sigmoid @entity694 --a case report].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: A 75-year-old female presented with appetite and weight loss and epigastralgia. CT revealed a primary @entity1086 Stage IVb with multiple hepatic metastases. Gastrofiberscopy revealed an invasion to duodenal and bleeding from the @entity5 . For her poor performance status, it seems to be too difficult to undergo a general chemotherapy. So after gastrojejunostomy, transarterial embolization (TAE) was performed. She underwent 2 times TAE. There was a notable reduction in @entity5 size. But pulmonary metastases were found in bilateral lung. She died after 8 months. TAE may be useful for advanced @entity1086 with @entity5 vascularity.

title: [A case report--transarterial embolization for advanced XXXX with hepatic metastasis].

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prevalence and reliability study of Modic changes (MCs) in the cervical spine. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and reliability of diagnosing and classifying MCs and their relationship to disc herniations (DHs) in the cervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity236 (Modic) changes in the spine can be seen on MRI with some evidence linking them to @entity158 . Many studies have been published on MCs in the lumbar spine, but only one small prevalence study focusing on MCs in the cervical spine has been reported. METHODS: The cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 500 @entity1 over the age of 50 were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence, type, and location of MCs and DHs. Two hundred of these same scans were independently analyzed by a second observer to evaluate interobserver reliability of diagnosis with 100 re-evaluated by the same observer 1 month later to assess intraobserver reliability. The SPSS program and Kappa statistics were used to assess prevalence and reliability. The risk ratio comparison of DH and MC was calculated. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-six @entity1 (85.2%) met the inclusion criteria. MCs were observed in 40.4% of @entity1 (14.4% of all motion segments). A 4.3% were type 1 and 10.1% were type 2. DH were seen in 78.2% of @entity1 (13.3% of motion segments). Both MC and DH were most frequently observed at @entity23633 . Disc extrusions were positively associated with MC (RR=2.4). The reliability showed an upper moderate interobserver (k=0.54) and an almost perfect intraobserver agreement (k=0.82). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of MCs was observed with type 2 predominating. The @entity23633 levels are most effected. @entity1 with MC are more likely to have a DH at the same level. MC type 2 predominates. The classification is reliable.

title: XXXX (modic) changes on cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging scans: prevalence, inter- and intra-examiner reliability and link to disc herniation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative marrow']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['Degenerative marrow']


abstract: Pump failure, ranging from @entity67 to acute @entity1455 , is now the leading cause of @entity204 . Efforts at temporary mechanical or pharmacologic support of the heart have been largely unsuccessful so that attention is now directed toward prevention of @entity67 and limitation of @entity583 size or even outright prevention of @entity1188 itself. In particular, attention has been refocused on earlier reperfusion efforts with streptokinase. The effect of thrombolysis in acute @entity583 on enzymatic @entity1188 size, left ventricular function and early mortality was studied in subsets of @entity1 in a randomized trial (Netherlands Interuniversity Cardiology Institute). Early thrombolytic therapy with intracoronary streptokinase (152 @entity1 ) or with intracoronary streptokinase preceded by intravenous streptokinase (117 @entity1 ) was compared with conventional treatment (264 @entity1 ). All 533 @entity1 were admitted to the coronary care unit within 4 hours after onset of symptoms indicative of acute @entity583 . Of the @entity1 eligible for this detailed analysis, 245 were allocated to thrombolytic therapy and 243 to conventional treatment. Early angiography was preformed in 212 of the 245 @entity1 allocated to thrombolytic therapy. Patency of the @entity1188 was achieved in 181 @entity1 (85%). Enzymatic @entity1188 size, measured from cumulative @entity27216 dehydrogenase release, was smaller in @entity1 allocated to thrombolytic therapy (median 760 versus 1,179 U/liter in control subjects, p = 0.0001). Left ventricular ejection fraction measured by radionuclide angiography before discharge was higher after thrombolytic therapy (median 50% versus 43% in control subjects, p = 0.0001). Twelve month mortality was lower in @entity1 allocated to thrombolytic therapy (8% versus 16% in the control group, p less than 0.01). In multivariate regression analysis @entity1188 size limitation, improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction and 3 month mortality were predicted by sigma ST, time from onset of symptoms to admission and Killip class at admission. Thrombolysis was most useful in @entity1 admitted within 2 hours after onset of symptoms and in @entity1 with a sigma ST segment of 1.2 mV or more. On the other hand, no beneficial effects of streptokinase on enzymatic @entity1188 size, left ventricular function or mortality were observed in the subset of @entity1 with sigma ST less than 1.2 mV, admitted 2 to 4 hours after onset of symptoms.

title: Acute coronary artery obstruction in XXXX : overview of thrombolytic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity27216 :: ('MESH:C031570', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction', 'ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical resection and reconstruction methods of @entity320 on the heel. METHODS: Between July 2007 and June 2009, 15 cases of @entity320 on the heel were treated. There were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 32 to 71 years with a mean age of 47.2 years. Of them, 13 @entity1 were initially treated, and 2 @entity1 received repair after local excision. Tumor thickness was from 0.6 mm to 7.2 mm, and the size of the lesion was from 1.3 cm x 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm x 3.5 cm. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage system, there were 1 case of IA, 2 cases of IB, 3 cases of IIA, 5 cases of IIB, 1 case of IIC, and 3 cases of III. Wide excision was performed in all cases. Defects were repaired by medial pedal skin flap (5 cases), lateral pedal skin flap (2 cases), and retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessels (8 cases), and the flap size ranged from 7 cm x 5 cm to 12 cm x 8 cm. Inguinal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 @entity1 . Wounds of donor site were repaired by skin graft. RESULTS: One case had marginal @entity39 of lateral pedal skin flap and 2 cases had local @entity39 of medial pedal skin flap on the skin graft; the other flaps and skin grafts survived and incisions healed by first intention. All @entity1 were followed up from 12 to 36 months (mean, 21 months). Considering the recovery of the function and sense, the best result was acquired in the lateral pedal skin flap, followed by the medial pedal skin flap, and the poor result in the retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessel. No @entity1 had local recurrence at follow-up. Five @entity1 had inguinal lymph node @entity3 , and 1 @entity1 died of lung @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Wide resection can provide satisfactory local control for @entity320 on the heel. Local flap can cover the wound safely, but the retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessel has poor sensory recovery.

title: [Resection of XXXX on heel and reconstruction of defect].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2002, tight glycemic control (TGC) was mandated at Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit) to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). THE FIVE STEPS FOR IMPROVEMENT: The TGC initiative was developed in terms of the five primary steps of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) framework for leadership for improvement to drive practice change and maintain continuous improvement. In terms of Steps 1-3 (set direction, establish the foundation, and build will), in April 2002 the chief executive officer of the Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit) announced a hospitalwide initiative to reduce SSIs. For steps 4 and 5 (generate ideas and execute change), the 40-bed @entity954 ( @entity954 ) was designated the practice-change setting. TGC protocols were implemented in cardiothoracic @entity1 , followed by all @entity954 @entity1 , with target @entity413 ranges moving from the initial < 150 mg/dL to 80-110 mg/dL. Results showed decreases in SSIs and mortality. The project's success led initiation of hospitalwide TGC in the next two years. RESPONDING TO A CHANGING EVIDENCE BASE: In 2009, as studies began to show that the recommended @entity413 target of 80-110 mg/dL was not associated with clinical improvement in ICU @entity1 and perhaps may cause harm (increased mortality), the target ranges were modified. LESSONS LEARNED: Barriers to adoption of new practice change must be integrated into the planning process. Leadership champions are required across multiple levels of the organization to drive change to the bedside for effective and lasting improvement. CONCLUSIONS: A universal TGC protocol continues to be used throughout the hospital, with modifications and next-generation improvements occurring as evidence arises.

title: A tight glycemic control initiative in a XXXX and hospitalwide.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['SICU', 'surgical intensive care unit']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['surgical intensive care unit']


abstract: @entity0 survivors are at life-time risk of developing @entity4269 ( @entity4269 ). Quantification of @entity4269 has been problematic as the criteria used to identify @entity4269 use various methods to assess changes in the volume of the affected limb. In part because of difficulties and variability in measurement and diagnosis, the reported incidence of @entity4269 varies greatly among @entity1 treated with surgery and radiation for @entity0 . The goal of this research was to describe the trends for @entity4269 occurrence over three points in time (12, 30, and 60 months) among @entity0 survivors using four diagnostic criteria based on three measurement techniques. @entity1 were enrolled following diagnosis of @entity0 but before surgery. Baseline limb volume and symptom assessment data were obtained. @entity1 were followed every 3 months for 12 months, then every 6 months thereafter for a total of 60 months. Limb volume changes (LVC) in both limbs were measured using three techniques: objectively by (a) circumferences at 4 cm intervals and (b) perometry and subjectively by (c) symptom experience via interview. Four diagnostic criteria for @entity4269 most often reported in the literature were used: (i) 2 cm circumferential change; (ii) 200 mL perometry LVC; (iii) 10% perometry LVC; and (iv) @entity13185 ( @entity13185 ) report of limb heaviness and @entity4 , either 'now' or 'in the past year' (diagnostic criteria i-iii define increases/differences in limb volume from baseline and/or between the affected and non-affected limb). Standard survival analysis methods were applied to identify when the criteria corresponding to @entity4269 were met. Trends in @entity4269 occurrence are reported for preliminary analysis of data from 236 @entity1 collected at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 30-, and 60-months post-op. At 60 months post-treatment, @entity4269 incidence using the four criteria ranged from 43% to 94%, with 2 cm associated with the highest frequency for @entity4269 occurrence and @entity13185 the lowest. Sixty-month trends are compared to earlier trends at 12- and 30-months, per criterion. These preliminary findings provide additional evidence that @entity0 survivors are at risk for developing @entity4269 beyond the first year following treatment. Cases of @entity4269 continue to emerge through 60-months post- @entity0 surgery. This 60-month analysis supports the previous 12- and 30-month analyses in finding the 2 cm criteria to be the most liberal definition of @entity4269 . The self-report of heaviness and @entity4 , along with 10% LVC, represent the most conservative definitions (41% and 45%, respectively). Furthermore, the variety of criteria used to identify @entity4269 , along with the absence of baseline (pre-treatment) measurements, likely contribute to the wide range of @entity4269 incidence rates reported in the literature.

title: XXXX : incidence increases from 12 to 30 to 60 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['LE', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity13185 :: ('MESH:D012816', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'signs and symptoms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Post-breast cancer lymphedema']


abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate 2 prophylactic @entity114 regimens in 18 @entity1 undergoing orthognathic surgery. The effects on the oral microflora were also studied. All @entity1 received 3 g @entity37933 - @entity114 as infusion from the beginning of operation and then 3 g every 6th hour during 24 h. One group of 9 @entity1 then received 1 g @entity11121 as oral suspension twice daily for 6 days postoperatively. The second group of 9 @entity1 received no further @entity114 . One @entity281 occurred in this second group, but the @entity1 was cured with @entity868 . 7 of the 9 @entity1 who received @entity114 for 1 week, showed pronounced decreases in the number of streptococci and micrococci. In the 9 other @entity1 who received only @entity3397 for one day, much smaller changes in the aerobic microflora were observed. Colonization with different enterococci, enterobacteria or @entity375 was greater in the group receiving 1-week treatment. No major differences between the 2 groups of @entity1 , concerning the impact on the anaerobic microflora were observed. The results indicate that @entity3397 is still a suitable prophylactic antibiotic in maxillofacial surgery. Extension of the antibiotic coverage to 1 week is doubtful because of the increased ecological risks. The clinical significance of anaerobes was obvious, as one @entity86 occurred caused by an anaerobic micro-organism.

title: Ecological effects of XXXX prophylaxis in orthognatic surgery.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxymethylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pentax- @entity8404 ( @entity8404 (  )), a new video laryngoscope, has been shown to be useful in cases of difficult intubation. We hypothesized that the @entity8404 (  ) would be more useful in the settings of a narrow upper airway than the Macintosh laryngoscope. We compared each device in simulated scenarios of representative difficulty of tracheal intubation using a manikin. The primary endpoint was the rate of successful intubation. METHODS: With each device, 23 anesthesiologists performed tracheal intubation in a SimMan(  ) manikin in the following scenarios: (1) normal airway, (2) @entity4 , (3) cervical @entity2003 , (4) @entity3885 , (5) jaw trismus, (6) @entity4 with @entity3885 . The intubation time and success rate were measured. Each @entity1 was asked to rate the difficulty of intubation (1=very easy; 5=very difficult). RESULTS: In the scenarios of @entity4 and @entity4 with @entity3885 , the @entity8404 (  ) yielded a higher success rate (100% vs. 34.8%; P<0.001, 65.2% vs. 21.7%; P=0.006), a shorter intubation time [14.6 (7.0) vs. 33.4 (13.0) s; P<0.001, 24.5 (12.0) vs. 37.6 (11.9); P=0.047; mean (standard deviation)], and a lower difficulty score [2 (1-4) vs. 5 (1-5); P<0.001, 4 (2-5) vs. 5 (3-5); P<0.001; median (range)], compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. CONCLUSION: The @entity8404 (  ) has an advantage over the Macintosh laryngoscope in simulated @entity4 and @entity4 with @entity3885 . Further studies in a clinical setting are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: Evaluation of the Pentax- XXXX (  ) and the Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult intubation: a manikin study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['spine rigidity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['tongue edema']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal obstruction']

answer: @entity8404 :: (MESH:D016738,Disease) :: ['AWS']


abstract: A pathological study was carried out on 124 cases of primary @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in Japan. Macroscopically the cases were divided into three groups; flat, polypoid, and ulcerative types. @entity706 were distinguished from advanced by the depth of infiltration. Histologically the commonest type was ML, immunoblastic (ML, ibl.). Most were high grade @entity5 , in terms of morphology. Lymph node involvement was found in 44 cases. Correlation between macroscopical appearance, histological diagnosis, stage and accompanying @entity12293 ( @entity12293 ) was studied. Three main prototypes of @entity1893 were noted: The first was macroscopically ulcerative type, histologically high grade @entity5 and lacked @entity12293 ; the second was mostly flat, ML, lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid (ML, l-p.) or ML, ibl., associated with @entity12293 , and arose from neoplastic proliferation of the interfollicular lymphoid cell in @entity12293 (termed @entity1893 of interfollicular type); the third was mostly flat, ML, centroblastic (ML, cbl.) or lymphoblastic (ML, lbl.), associated with @entity12293 , and originated from neoplastic proliferation of the follicular center cell in @entity12293 ( @entity1893 of follicular type).

title: Primary XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'gastric NHL']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia', 'RLH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Early lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: A total of 17 @entity1 , 6 female and 11 male (age range 13 to 56 years), received high dose @entity2592 for treatment of refractory acute @entity2800 . @entity2592 was given at 3 g/m2 twice daily for 6 days as a 1 infusion. 1 @entity1 (with induced @entity3052 ) was treated directly, two after failure of a chemotherapy schedule containing the usual dose @entity2592 , 12 for first relapse and 2 for subsequent relapse. Maximum follow up is 16 months. Beside hematological @entity137 , systemic tolerance was good with no neurological of cutaneous effects. Despite preventive corticoid eyewash, @entity2194 occurred in 6 cases, mild and resolvable in 5 of them. The immediate results were as follows: 3 deaths during induction (18%); 6 failures (35%); 8 complete remissions (CR) (47%). After primary chemo-resistance (two cases) failure was always noted. In 3 cases, after less than 12 infusions had been given, 2 failures and 1 very short CR were noted. In 2 @entity1 , when @entity632 was added to @entity2592 , we observed 1 @entity204 during induction and 1 failure. Of the @entity1 achieving CR 8 were treated by periodic courses with high dose @entity2592 and 4 of them relapsed. The longest failure free duration was 11 months. Median survival duration of the 17 @entity1 is 5 months.

title: [ @entity2592 in high doses in refractory acute XXXX . Apropos of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular complications']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['granulocytic leukemia']


abstract: A total of 17 @entity1 , 6 female and 11 male (age range 13 to 56 years), received high dose @entity2592 for treatment of refractory acute @entity2800 . @entity2592 was given at 3 g/m2 twice daily for 6 days as a 1 infusion. 1 @entity1 (with induced @entity3052 ) was treated directly, two after failure of a chemotherapy schedule containing the usual dose @entity2592 , 12 for first relapse and 2 for subsequent relapse. Maximum follow up is 16 months. Beside hematological @entity137 , systemic tolerance was good with no neurological of cutaneous effects. Despite preventive corticoid eyewash, @entity2194 occurred in 6 cases, mild and resolvable in 5 of them. The immediate results were as follows: 3 deaths during induction (18%); 6 failures (35%); 8 complete remissions (CR) (47%). After primary chemo-resistance (two cases) failure was always noted. In 3 cases, after less than 12 infusions had been given, 2 failures and 1 very short CR were noted. In 2 @entity1 , when @entity632 was added to @entity2592 , we observed 1 @entity204 during induction and 1 failure. Of the @entity1 achieving CR 8 were treated by periodic courses with high dose @entity2592 and 4 of them relapsed. The longest failure free duration was 11 months. Median survival duration of the 17 @entity1 is 5 months.

title: [ XXXX in high doses in refractory acute @entity2800 . Apropos of 17 cases].

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['Cytosine-arabinoside']


abstract: @entity75 tissue or mature peripheral nerves into the adult @entity1 central nervous system promotes axonal regrowth from axotomized central nervous system neurons; however, the cellular origin and molecular nature of the factors promoting axonal growth in vivo are unknown. To further characterize cellular environments that facilitate regeneration of central nervous system axons, we developed a methodology whereby cultured cell preparations can be transplanted into the brain of mature mammals. For this procedure, lesions are produced in the septal-hippocampal system of adult @entity35 , and selected regions from collagen-supported Schwann cell/neuron cultures (consisting of Schwann cells, extracellular matrix, and degenerating neuronal processes and myelin but devoid of neuronal perikarya and fibroblasts) are positioned within the intracephalic cavity so that they bridge the lesion gap (approximately 3 mm) separating the septum and hippocampus. At various time up to 3 weeks after transplantation, specimens were prepared for acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and the immunocytochemical localization of laminin (an extracellular matrix protein) and @entity10287 (a Schwann cell membrane antigen). All specimens (from uninjured controls and from animals with either acellular collagen or mature Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants) contained laminin immunoreactivity associated with the meninges, @entity2846 , and cerebral blood vessels. All animals with transplants showed prominent laminin staining on astrocytic processes along the intracephalic cavity, but only the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants exhibited dense laminin and @entity10287 immunoreactivity within the cellular portion of the transplants. Regeneration of acetylcholinesterase-positive septal fibers occurred only in animals containing Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants. By 6 days after transplantation, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers were observed both on laminin-positive cellular tissue strands connecting the septum and the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants and on the initial portions of the transplants. By day 14, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers traversed the entire lesion cavity in intimate association with the laminin- and @entity10287 -positive cellular layer of the transplants and reinnervated the host hippocampus. However, cholinergic fibers were not associated with all laminin-containing processes along the lesion cavity nor did they grow along acellular collagen transplants. These results indicate the presence of factors in transplants of cultured Schwann cells and their associated extracellular matrix that promote rapid regeneration of central nervous system cholinergic axons in vivo.

title: Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Transplantation of embryonic brain']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus, ependyma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: 71 abortions after prenatal diagnosis of @entity74 have been performed between 1974 and 1983. Mean duration of pregnancy was 21 weeks, mean hospital stay 10 days. In 28 per cent an intraamnial prostaglandin induction was done, which was successful in 85 per cent. Extraamnial prostaglandin application was combined with @entity398 in 51 per cent, which was followed by abortion in 51 per cent within 26 hours. Primary hysterectomy was performed in 4 per cent and @entity397 of the membranes combined with @entity398 infusion in 6 per cent. Complication rate overall was 20 per cent. In 6 per cent the following complications have been observed: 1 perforation with lesion of intestine, 1 cervical @entity397 with @entity548 , 1 colpaporrhexis, 1 shock. Pelveoperitonitis and @entity397 of the symphysis pubis in one case each (3 per cent). Other complications, like fever, @entity548 and @entity2268 have been observed in 11 per cent. Midtrimester abortion after prenatal diagnosis of @entity74 should be done only in experienced clinics. Special importance in prophylaxis of complications of abortion has chorion biopsy to predate prenatal diagnosis in the 6th till 12th gestational week.

title: [Abortion following prenatal diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic defects']


abstract: The evolution of simple satellite DNAs was examined by DNA-DNA hybridization of ten @entity238 satellite sequences to DNAs of the sibling species, @entity12137 and @entity7012 . Seven of these repeat types are present in tandem arrays in @entity12137 and each of the ten sequences is repeated in @entity7012 . In thermal melts, six of the seven satellite sequences in @entity12137 and seven of the ten sequences in @entity7012 melted within 1 deg.C of the corresponding values in @entity238 . The remaining sequences melted within 3 deg.C of the homologous hybrids. Therefore, there is little or no alteration in those satellite sequences held in common, despite a period of about ten million years since the divergence of @entity238 and @entity12137 from a common ancestor. Simple satellite sequences appear to be more highly conserved than coding regions of the genome, on a per @entity377 basis. Since multiple copies of three satellite sequences could not be detected in @entity12137 yet are present in @entity7012 , a species more distantly related to @entity238 than is @entity12137 , these sequences show discontinuities in evolution. There were major quantitative variations between species, showing that satellite DNAs are prone to massive amplification or diminution events over timespans as short as those separating sibling species. In @entity238 , these sequences amount to 21% of the genome but only 5% in @entity12137 and 0.4% in @entity7012 . There was a general trend of lower abundance with evolutionary distance for most satellites, suggesting that the amounts of different satellite sequences do not vary independently during evolution.

title: Identical satellite DNA sequences in sibling species of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12137 :: ('7240', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila simulans', 'D. simulans']

entities_list: @entity7012 :: ('7220', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila erecta', 'D. erecta']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antihypertensive therapy for mild to moderate @entity101 @entity1 after 3 or more visits. We tested the hypothesis that an ambulatory blood pressure recording could also help to decide which @entity1 need therapy. Blood pressure was measured in 89 essential, uncomplicated, @entity101 @entity1 (diastolic ( @entity13520 ): 90-110 mmHg, mean age: 41 +/- 13 years), with a @entity349 sphygmomanometer at 3 visits and with an ambulatory blood pressure recorder (Spacelabs) during 12 hours. According to WHO recommendations, @entity1 were classified "WHO+" if they need a treatment (n = 44) and "WHO-" if they did not. The mean ambulatory @entity13520 of each subject was compared to the arbitrary limit defined as the mean +2 standard deviations of the ambulatory @entity13520 of a population of normotensive subjects in the same decade and same sex: @entity1 with ambulatory @entity13520 above this limit were defined " @entity11015 +" (n = 27), the others were " @entity11015 -". Ten @entity1 were "WHO- @entity11015 +" and 24 were "WHO+ @entity11015 -". These discordances were independent of age, body weight, duration of @entity101 , @entity551 defined by the standard deviation. By contrast, the difference between the measurements of the simultaneous blood pressure measurements performed with the two methods ( @entity349 sphyngmomanometer and Spacelabs) 2 times by each @entity1 could explain in part these discrepancies. The Spacelabs underestimates @entity13520 measured with the @entity349 sphyngmomanometer in @entity1 " @entity11015 -" but not in @entity1 " @entity11015 +".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The decision to treat moderate XXXX : repetition of office visits or ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['variability of ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A panel of B lymphoid-reactive monoclonal antibodies was used to analyze the phenotypic changes that accompany B lymphocyte development in normal @entity1 bone marrow. The B lymphoid cells were identified using light scattering and the expression of @entity1075 on a flow cytometer. Quantitative three-color immunofluorescence was then used to correlate other cell surface antigens on these cells identified as B lymphoid in normal marrow. @entity2282 and @entity2225 identified almost exclusive populations and provided a convenient means of discriminating between the less and more mature B lineage cells. The @entity2282 + cells could be further subdivided using @entity2280 . The population of @entity1075 +, @entity2282 +, @entity2280 + cells comprised only 0.6% of marrow cells, but these contained the majority of @entity10730 ( @entity10730 +) cells. In the assessment of class II antigens, HLA-DR was expressed on all B lineage cells whereas HLA-DP preceded HLA-DQ in appearance during the developmental process. Among the later antigens expressed on B lineage cells, cell surface IgM, @entity2225 , and HLA-DQ were expressed at essentially the same time. Cell surface @entity2282 was lost at the time when @entity10911 and @entity10317 were acquired on the cell surface. These data illustrate that multiparameter flow cytometry can be used to define a continuous progression of stages of B lymphocyte development based on cell surface antigen expression even though these cells represent a minor fraction of normal marrow cells.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of XXXX bone marrow. II. Normal B lymphocyte development.

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the radiographic assessment of primary @entity85 , it is important for therapy planning to accurately define the extent of a @entity5 . Using a double spin-echo pulse sequence, the T1 and T2 relaxation times and relative @entity3884 densities of several neoplastic tissues and of several normal tissues in four @entity1 were measured. @entity5 measured included one @entity1492 , two @entity421 , and one @entity2967 . Normal tissues measured included normal muscle, fat, and bone marrow. Using a mathematical model of the double spin-echo pulse sequence, the intensity difference between each @entity5 and each normal tissue for multiple values of TR and TE was calculated. These calculated intensity differences were then used to plot isodifference contour curves for each tissue pair. These plots enabled us to pick combinations of TR and TE that optimized the signal difference between @entity5 and normal tissue. When comparing @entity5 with predominantly fatty tissue such as marrow or subcutaneous fat, optimal signal difference in our imager occurred at a TR of 600 to 800 msec and a very short TE. When comparing @entity5 with muscle, optimal signal difference occurred with very long TR times, and TE times ranging from 30 to 90 msec. These preliminary results suggest that an optimal scanning protocol for primary @entity85 should contain at least two different pulse sequences with widely separated TR values (500 and 2000 msec in our instrument), and short to intermediate values of TE (28 and 56 msec in our instrument). It is believed that analysis of isodifference contour plots is a useful method for optimizing intensity differences between any two tissue types.

title: Theoretical considerations for optimizing intensity differences between primary XXXX and normal tissue with spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: Ultrastructure of perisomatic gliocytes and glio-neuronal interrelations were studied in celiac nodes in normal young (6 months) and old (28--30 months) @entity35 and at 45-days' @entity2845 . Several variants on how deep gliocytes are situated in the perikaryon, their relation to neuronal processes, as well as the character of border-line membrane relations are described. It was stated that processes of gliocytes have varied relations with each other, with neuronal perikaryon, with neural fibres. In old animals some @entity3986 were revealed in glio-neuronal complexes. At @entity2845 a wide range of @entity3986 in all structural elements in the nodes and destruction of some glio-neuronal complexes were observed. These changes were more evident in the old animals and at early stages, but by the end of the experiment they notably subsided. Simultaneously, some qualitative rearrangements of glio-neuronal interrelations took place: the relief of contacting membranes grew complex at the expense of interdirected small processes and deep invaginations of gliocytic processes into the neuronal perikaryon; the number of layers in the glial capsule increased as a result of @entity1373 of perisomatic gliocytic processes migrating towards gliocytic neurons and lemmocytic processes. Variety of forms in the glio-neuronal interrelations evidence in favour of their high structural plasticity. At @entity2845 , great resources of gliocytes to plastic transformations, of compensatory-adaptive importance are realized. In the celiac nodes of the old animals the adaptive rearrangements of the glio-neuronal interrelations developed more slowly and with less efficiency than in the young animals.

title: [Ultrastructure of glial-neuronal interrelationships in the celiac nodes of normal and hypokinetic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic changes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Symmetrical @entity15206 was found in 2% of 8000 computerized tomography (CT) scans. Of 19 cases, only 2 were detectable on conventional skull films. The less prominent @entity730 were most often found in the region of the pallidum, the knee of the internal capsule. Also, the lesions were generally symmetrical. Thus these factors must be considered basic morphological characteristics of the pathophysiological process. Additional @entity16 were present in 6 @entity1 . @entity16 in the remaining 13, when present, depended on the extent of the lesion. The most common finding was @entity400 , although disturbances of fine motor control, transient lateralizing signs, and @entity410 were also noted. No particular constellation of symptoms or signs permitted accurate clinical localization of the lesions. The @entity1 could be divided into three groups on the basis of clinical findings: (1) young @entity1 with marked @entity1779 ('idiopathic' @entity15206 ), (2) @entity1 with @entity261 , and (3) older @entity1 with relatively little @entity730 . Most @entity1 with @entity730 will be included in the third group. Any @entity15206 detected by CT scans demands careful evaluation of @entity460 metabolism.

title: [Clinical, endocrinological, and computerized tomography scans for symmetrical XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'calcific lesions', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['calcification of basal ganglia', 'calcification of the basal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral calcinosis']

answer: @entity15206 :: (MESH:C535607,Disease) :: ['calcification of the basal ganglia']


abstract: Two types of plasminogen activator (tissue-type, tPA; urokinase-type, @entity11693 ) have been demonstrated in ovarian granulosa cells, but only tPA activity was found in denuded oocytes. Immature @entity35 were treated subcutaneously with 20 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to stimulate follicle maturation, followed 2 days later by an injection of 10 IU @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Cellular plasminogen activator activities were determined by @entity3208 ( @entity214 )- @entity2975 gel electrophoresis followed by a fibrin-overlay technique. Cumulus-oocyte complexes from @entity35 before and after PMSG treatment contained low amounts of tPA, but not @entity11693 , activity. After hCG treatment, tPA activity showed a time-dependent increase, reaching a maximum at 24 h after injection. At 12 and 24 h after hCG treatment, @entity11693 activity was also detected. The appearance of high molecular weight lysis zones further suggested the formation of plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes. Morphological analysis indicated that the increases in oocyte tPA activity were correlated with the extent of cumulus cell expansion and dispersion. In denuded oocytes, tPA activity also progressively increased during the periovulatory period to a maximum at 24 h after hCG treatment. In contrast, neither @entity11693 activity nor activator-inhibitor complex was detected. Secretion of the proteases was measured in the conditioned media of cumulus-oocyte complexes cultured for 24 h in vitro. Substantial increases in tPA release were found in complexes obtained at 8 and 12 h after hCG injection, with lower secretion from complexes obtained at 24 h after hCG treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasminogen activator activity in cumulus-oocyte complexes of gonadotropin-treated XXXX during the periovulatory period.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The present study was done in order to examine the durability of the @entity803 -induced antimicrobial capacity, and also to assess the reproducibility of the bacterial growth-inhibitory assay used. Standardized enamel and dentin specimens were impregnated in aqueous solutions of @entity803 @entity5828 , @entity5385 @entity5828 or @entity3403 @entity5828 , rinsed in water, and stored dry for 200 days. Another series of specimens was impregnated in solutions of @entity73104 and then rinsed in tap water for varying periods up to 35 days. In addition, drug-impregnated specimens were used for reproducibility tests without storage or prolonged rinsing. Impregnated specimens were tested for antimicrobial capacity on agar plates seeded with @entity885 . After 24 h aerobic incubation in 10% @entity515 atmosphere, the plates were inspected and the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zones measured. The drug-impregnated enamel and dentin specimens consistently demonstrated growth-inhibitory capacity. The results of the reproducibility tests showed moderate intrasample and day-to-day variation. Two hundred days of dry storage or 35 days soaking in water reduced, but did not eliminate, the bacterial growth-inhibitory capacity of the impregnated dental specimens. The results show that a short-term exposure of dental hard tissues to @entity2930 may result in a long-lasting antibacterial capacity.

title: XXXX -impregnated enamel and dentin: duration of antimicrobial capacity.

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity73104 :: ('CHEBI:652992', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline HCl']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['Tetracycline']


abstract: This is a resume of a @entity0 carried out by the American College of Surgeons in 1978. Four hundred and ninety-eight hospitals in 47 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico participated, contributing a total of 24,136 female @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity0 . In these @entity1 , five-year cure rates were 60.5% for clinically localized disease and 33.9% for regional disease. Five-year survival rates were 72.8% for localized disease and 49.1% for regional disease. From the 1960's into the early 1970's, there was a gradual shift away from radical mastectomy towards so-called modified radical mastectomy. In a group of @entity1 treated by either radical or modified mastectomies, the axillary nodal status, size of the @entity5 , and location of the @entity5 were examined in relation to the prognosis. In the study of number of metastatic nodes in the axilla, there were reduced cure and survival rates in @entity1 with one or more positive nodes as compared to those with negative axillary nodes. With the increase in the number of positive nodes, there was a continuing associated decline in survival and cure. The clinical size of the @entity5 also correlated well to the prognosis. With the increase in the size of the @entity5 , there was a gradual increase in the probability of axillary nodal involvement. However, in the group of @entity1 with @entity5 size smaller than 1 cm, axillary @entity3 occurred in 25%. When the axillary nodes were involved, the cure rate in those @entity1 was not significantly better than the rates for those with larger primary @entity5 in this study. @entity5 located in the medial half of the breast were associated with a slightly lower cure rate than those in the lateral half. Young @entity1 under 35 years of age had poorer survival and cure rates, although in @entity1 35-44 years of age, the five-year results were comparable to the older group of @entity1 . In blacks, @entity0 was diagnosed in a relatively more advanced stage than in whites. Survival and cure rates were generally lower for blacks, and such lower rates seem to be associated with the relatively advanced stage of the disease.

title: Management and survival of female XXXX : results of a national survey by the American College of Surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer Survey', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The use of @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity706 has been limited by severe host @entity137 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity11667 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity7222 and @entity7726 decarboxylases and @entity4664 pools have been characterized in the @entity35 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity137 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity7222 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity7726 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity4664 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4663 were highest in the crypts, with @entity11667 and @entity8037 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity7726 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity7222 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7224 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity4664 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity137 of the drug.

title: XXXX and biosynthetic enzymes in the @entity35 intestinal mucosa and the influence of @entity2665 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid disorders']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ornithine', 'ornithine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['Putrescine']

entities_list: @entity2665 :: ('MESH:D008935', 'Chemical') :: ['MGBG', 'methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['Polyamines']


abstract: The use of @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity706 has been limited by severe host @entity137 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity11667 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity7222 and @entity7726 decarboxylases and @entity4664 pools have been characterized in the @entity35 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity137 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity7222 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity7726 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity4664 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4663 were highest in the crypts, with @entity11667 and @entity8037 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity7726 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity7222 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7224 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity4664 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity137 of the drug.

title: @entity4663 and biosynthetic enzymes in the @entity35 intestinal mucosa and the influence of XXXX .

answer: @entity2665 :: (MESH:D008935,Chemical) :: ['methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone)']


abstract: The use of @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity706 has been limited by severe host @entity137 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity11667 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity7222 and @entity7726 decarboxylases and @entity4664 pools have been characterized in the @entity35 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity137 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity7222 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity7726 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity4664 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4663 were highest in the crypts, with @entity11667 and @entity8037 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity7726 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity7222 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7224 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity4664 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity137 of the drug.

title: @entity4663 and biosynthetic enzymes in the XXXX intestinal mucosa and the influence of @entity2665 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In 64 @entity1 for therapeutic abortion between the 17th to 26th week of pregnancy abortion was induced with a standardized two-step procedure. After priming of the cervix with intracervical application of @entity3009 gel, labour was induced with extraamniotic PG-administration under epidural anaesthesia. The priming effect was demonstrated objectively in 10 @entity1 with a mechanical tonometer. @entity3774 , @entity1421 and @entity6002 were used in the study. There were no significant differences in the total length of therapy (cervix priming time plus induction of labour to abortion interval) between the three groups of @entity1 . Except for 4 @entity1 who required an instrumental extraction of the fetus, abortion occurred in all the @entity1 within a total time of 30 hours (93.8%). The mean induction of labour to abortion interval was 8.3 hours (range: 1.0 to 17.3 hours) in all @entity1 and there was, again, no significant difference between the three groups. Epidural anaesthesia gave a painless induction of abortion in 60 out of 62 @entity1 , while 2 @entity1 required additional analgesics. In 2 @entity1 epidural anaesthesia was contraindicated. In contrast to the systemic administration of PG the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects was low (10.9%). In one case a @entity75 was observed due to a tenaculum laceration. Although there was no general antibiotic prophylaxis @entity7288 occurred in only 3 cases (4.7%). The combination of intracervical PG gel for cervical priming, extraamniotic PG gel for labour induction and epidural anaesthesia presents a gentle and efficient method for the termination of pregnancy in the middle to late second trimester.

title: [Cervix ripening and labor induction in therapeutic abortion in the middle and late 2d trimester using intracervical and extra-amniotic XXXX gel administration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity6002 :: ('MESH:C016767', 'Chemical') :: ['sulprostone']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: A representative sample of 899 middle-aged urban Swedish @entity1 underwent a @entity146 interview on two occasions with 6 years between studies (waves). The point prevalence of all @entity146 was 39.9% at the first wave and 39.0% at the second. The corresponding one-year onset rates of all @entity146 were 18.0% and 14.2%. No significant differences were found between ages or between waves. Major @entity308 episodes accounted for about half of the @entity146 morbidity. Those @entity1 whose menopause started early were more often mentally impaired than others and they also tended to have been more often impaired even before the climacteric (ages 30-39). Menopause was not associated with any onset risk of @entity146 , but a relationship was found between this rate and the weighted sum of other life events. The latter association remained significant even when correction was made for age, social class and marital status. Divorced and the childless @entity1 ran an increased risk of developing a @entity146 with functional impairment in the 6-year period between the waves. @entity1 from the lower social classes evidenced an increased risk of contracting some @entity146 during the same period.

title: Mental health in the climacteric. The longitudinal study of XXXX in Gothenburg.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'mental disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We retrospectively studied 82 consecutive @entity1 with idiopathic @entity8 accepted at two separate Renal Services. These @entity1 had @entity1985 at presentation and had been followed up for at least 10 years. The duration of the disease before renal biopsy ranged between 1 and 18 months. Forty-nine @entity1 never received treatment (non-treated group) whereas 33 @entity1 (treated group) received @entity288 (and cytotoxic agents). The two groups were age and sex matched. There was no difference in clinical findings or in outcome between the two Renal Services. A complete and sustained remission of @entity644 was observed in about 25% of @entity1 , and there was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the treated and non-treated group (mean value 39.1% vs 14.3%). Forty-four per cent of the non-treated @entity1 and 24.2% of the treated ones developed @entity177 or @entity8 during a mean potential follow-up of 14 years. @entity8 was recorded in 19.5% of the @entity1 . The staging of the @entity75 represented a very important prognostic index. We confirm, therefore, that idiopathic @entity8 with @entity1985 is frequently a progressive disease. @entity288 (and cytotoxic drugs) seem to be of some benefit in interfering with the natural course of the disease.

title: Long-term outcome of idiopathic XXXX with @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal death', 'membranous nephropathy', 'Non-renal death']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['capillary wall lesion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['membranous nephropathy']


abstract: We retrospectively studied 82 consecutive @entity1 with idiopathic @entity8 accepted at two separate Renal Services. These @entity1 had @entity1985 at presentation and had been followed up for at least 10 years. The duration of the disease before renal biopsy ranged between 1 and 18 months. Forty-nine @entity1 never received treatment (non-treated group) whereas 33 @entity1 (treated group) received @entity288 (and cytotoxic agents). The two groups were age and sex matched. There was no difference in clinical findings or in outcome between the two Renal Services. A complete and sustained remission of @entity644 was observed in about 25% of @entity1 , and there was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the treated and non-treated group (mean value 39.1% vs 14.3%). Forty-four per cent of the non-treated @entity1 and 24.2% of the treated ones developed @entity177 or @entity8 during a mean potential follow-up of 14 years. @entity8 was recorded in 19.5% of the @entity1 . The staging of the @entity75 represented a very important prognostic index. We confirm, therefore, that idiopathic @entity8 with @entity1985 is frequently a progressive disease. @entity288 (and cytotoxic drugs) seem to be of some benefit in interfering with the natural course of the disease.

title: Long-term outcome of idiopathic @entity8 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: A series of 18 @entity89 is reviewed. The ages of the 11 males and 7 females ranged from 11 to 65 years with a mean age of 37.4 years. The maxilla was involved in 10 cases whereas the mandible was the site of disease in 8 @entity1 . A widened periodontal space was an invariably present radiological feature in those @entity1 in whom the @entity5 involved the tooth-bearing area of the jaw. Treatment consisted of radical surgery with incidental radiotherapy or chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy. The local recurrence rate was 36% whereas the rate of @entity3 was 40%. A five year survival time free of disease was shown by 47%. Prognosis was found to be adversely influenced by a high age and a high grade of @entity5 as determined by counting mitoses. Features that distinguish @entity89 from @entity5 elsewhere in the skeleton are a higher mean age of occurrence, a lower rate of @entity3 , a longer period of time before clinical manifestation of @entity3 and a more favourable prognosis. Factors that could be responsible for this variation in behaviour are discussed.

title: XXXX . Analysis of 18 cases.

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw osteosarcomas', 'jaw osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['histological malignancy', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity89 :: (MESH:D007571,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma of the jaw bones']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). However, little is known of the characteristics of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in @entity1316 . METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 @entity1 with a @entity1316 : 86 euthymic @entity162 , 33 @entity308 and 39 medication-free @entity308 @entity1 . Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the @entity1054 distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all @entity1 samples. Due to minimal changes in average @entity1054 , CoV was only increased significantly in @entity308 @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic @entity162 [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in @entity308 . The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of @entity1316 . This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional @entity1054 distribution parameters between @entity308 and @entity162 , and @entity308 and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.

title: Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in @entity1316 : effects on attentional XXXX distributions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['BD depression', 'MDD', 'BD depressed', 'major depressive disorder', 'depressed BD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'response time']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['response time']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). However, little is known of the characteristics of @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in @entity1316 . METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 @entity1 with a @entity1316 : 86 euthymic @entity162 , 33 @entity308 and 39 medication-free @entity308 @entity1 . Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the @entity1054 distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all @entity1 samples. Due to minimal changes in average @entity1054 , CoV was only increased significantly in @entity308 @entity1 . Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic @entity162 [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in @entity308 . The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of @entity1316 . This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional @entity1054 distribution parameters between @entity308 and @entity162 , and @entity308 and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.

title: Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in XXXX : effects on attentional @entity1054 distributions.

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']