abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1278 is responsible for @entity79 , which are well known and described in adults, but less well documented in adolescents. The aim of this research was to evaluate the frequency and severity and to determine predictive factors for these abnormalities in a population of adolescents with diagnosed @entity1278 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 39 female adolescents with @entity1278 having undergone dual energy X-ray absorptiometry prior to the age of 18 years. Clinical (age, Tanner puberty stages, weight, body mass index [BMI] at different times during the @entity448 phase and @entity2588 features), radiological ( @entity79 [ @entity79 ] in Z-score units and in absolute values), and biological (calcemia and @entity560 ) parameters were collected. RESULTS: In total, 20 @entity1 (51%) presented @entity2331 (Z-score <-1 DS and >-2.5 DS) and 2 (5%) had @entity170 (Z-score <-2.5 DS). Five (13%) exhibited a Z-score less than -2 DS. @entity79 expressed in Z-scores correlated with none of the parameters assessed. At univariate analysis, @entity79 in absolute values correlated with the age at disease onset, BMI, weight loss at the lowest weight achieved and BMI at the time of densitometry (P<0.01). At multivariate analyses, only the correlation with the age at disease onset persisted (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity604 in @entity1278 is a complication that may be present as early as adolescence. It must be systematically searched for in all adolescents with severe @entity3147 because, even if @entity79 correlated with nutritional parameters, no clinical predictor for @entity170 or @entity2331 could be identified in this study.

title: [ XXXX : consequences on bone mineralization].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in bone mineralization', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Adolescent with anorexia nervosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze mortality due to @entity600 from 1998-2006. To select municipalities with high mortality among @entity1 under 5 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The source of information was mortality records from vital statistics collected by SSA/INEGI. We used the 2005 Municipal Geostatistical Framework by INEGI and SIGEPI for the spatial analysis. The selection criteria were municipalities with 80% and over of @entity204 due to @entity600 . RESULTS: Deaths diminished 8% during 1998-2006 and rates decreased 20%. A total of 42.57% - 48% of @entity204 are due to circulatory system defects and 13.69% - 19.39% are due to the nervous system; the former rose 4% and the latter fell 32%. Eighty percent or more occur in @entity1 under 5 years and the rate in this group fell 8.63%. A total of 1 025 (41.82%) municipalities are priorities, 104 (10.14%) are high and 102 (9.95%) are very high priorities, where 66% of @entity204 occur among @entity1 under 5 years old. DISCUSSION: The interventions to decrease mortality due to @entity600 should be directed towards one-year-old @entity1 (75%) and towards 8.4% of the municipalities that are a very high priority, since they represent 66% of the @entity204 .

title: [ XXXX mortality in five-year-old minors of age, Mexico, 1998-2006].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Birth defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study documents @entity1 outcomes with one department's approach to performing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: 101 consecutive @entity1 underwent: preoperative @entity2700 ; intraoperative CVP <5 cm @entity2507 and selective continuous @entity432 . OUTCOME VARIABLES: pathology; type of hepatic resection; intraoperative @entity190 and transfusion rate; 30 day morbidity and mortality; disease free and long term survival. Perioperative liver function was assessed by serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Of 101 resections: 90% malignant disease; 59% major resections and 35% synchronous procedures. Median estimated @entity190 was 400 mL (mean 512 mL, range 50-3000 mL) with postoperative transfusions in 4%. Thirty day morbidity was 20% with no deaths. Median time to local recurrence after colorectal liver metastases resection was 17.1 months with 3 year survival of 51%. Distinct perioperative changes in hepatic function were seen. CONCLUSION: Selective continuous @entity432 and perioperative fluid restriction result in minimal @entity190 , low morbidity and zero mortality in @entity1 undergoing partial hepatectomy.

title: Selective continuous XXXX and perioperative fluid restriction in partial hepatectomy. Outcomes in 101 consecutive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['vascular occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study documents @entity1 outcomes with one department's approach to performing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: 101 consecutive @entity1 underwent: preoperative @entity2700 ; intraoperative CVP <5 cm @entity2507 and selective continuous @entity432 . OUTCOME VARIABLES: pathology; type of hepatic resection; intraoperative @entity190 and transfusion rate; 30 day morbidity and mortality; disease free and long term survival. Perioperative liver function was assessed by serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Of 101 resections: 90% malignant disease; 59% major resections and 35% synchronous procedures. Median estimated @entity190 was 400 mL (mean 512 mL, range 50-3000 mL) with postoperative transfusions in 4%. Thirty day morbidity was 20% with no deaths. Median time to local recurrence after colorectal liver metastases resection was 17.1 months with 3 year survival of 51%. Distinct perioperative changes in hepatic function were seen. CONCLUSION: Selective continuous @entity432 and perioperative fluid restriction result in minimal @entity190 , low morbidity and zero mortality in @entity1 undergoing partial hepatectomy.

title: Selective continuous @entity432 and perioperative fluid restriction in partial hepatectomy. Outcomes in 101 consecutive XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breslow thickness, @entity1066 , and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) status are well established as the most important prognostic factors for @entity1 with @entity320 . Anatomic location of the @entity5 is generally considered to play a minor role in determining prognosis compared with these other factors. This analysis was performed to better define the influence of anatomic location of the primary @entity320 on prognosis. METHODS: In this post hoc analysis of a prospective randomized trial that included @entity1 ages 18 to 70 years with @entity320 1 mm or greater in Breslow thickness, all @entity1 underwent @entity1600 biopsy and completion lymphadenectomy if @entity5 -positive @entity1600 were found. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors predictive of disease-free survival (DFS), @entity13177 ( @entity13177 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: A total of 2,500 @entity1 were included in this analysis with a median follow-up period of 68 months. Anatomic locations included head, neck, trunk, @entity2045 , and lower extremity. Age, Breslow thickness, and percentage of @entity1 with a positive @entity1600 were significantly different by anatomic location on univariate analysis, as were positive @entity1600 status, presence of regression, sex, and histologic subtype (P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, anatomic location was an independent predictor of @entity1600 status (P < .0001), DFS (P = .045), @entity13177 (P = .023), and @entity1349 (P < .0001). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, anatomic location was associated significantly with DFS, @entity13177 , and @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic location of the primary @entity320 is an important independent predictor of @entity1600 status and prognosis. @entity1 with primary @entity320 of the head/neck and trunk have a worse prognosis than primary @entity320 of other anatomic locations.

title: Prognostic implications of anatomic location of primary XXXX of 1 mm or thicker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity13177 :: ('MESH:D009364', 'Disease') :: ['LITRFS', 'local and in-transit recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring over time in @entity1 with @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity6391 @entity1 with a hyperautofluorescent ring were studied. Ring constriction was evaluated by measurements of its external and internal boundaries along the vertical and horizontal axes at baseline and at 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month follow-ups. Repeat fundus autofluorescence was obtained at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months in 13, 7, 5, and 1 eyes respectively. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained on 8 eyes and the horizontal extent of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction was measured. SD-OCT was repeated at 12 and 24 months in 6 and 4 eyes respectively. RESULTS: The external boundaries of the ring were identified along the horizontal @entity2270 in 12 eyes and along the vertical @entity2270 in 13. Internal boundaries were identified in 7 eyes. Constriction was demonstrated in all @entity1 except 1 who demonstrated minimal expansion of the internal boundary along the horizontal @entity2270 . SD-OCT measurements showed a decrease in the IS/OS junction length. CONCLUSION: Progressive constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring and a concordant decrease in IS/OS junction length were observed over time.

title: Progressive constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy with conventional chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . METHOD: Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library). The efficacy data included overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR), and @entity137 data contained @entity294 , @entity391 and @entity390 , @entity33 , @entity1395 , and @entity1897 . The meta-analysis was performed with the fixed-effect model or random-effect model according to heterogeneity. RESULT: From 79 articles screened, five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria contributing a total of 958 @entity1 . There was a significant OS benefit (hazard ratio (HR)=0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.97; P=0.023) in favor of the chronomodulated chemotherapy. The ORR was not significantly different between two arms (relative risk=1.27; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.83; P=0.196). A higher incidence of grade 3/4 @entity33 (odds ratio=2.26, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.83; P=0.724), @entity1395 (2.15, 1.30 to 3.56; P=0.428), and a lower incidence of grade 3/4 @entity1398 (0.26, 0.16 to 0.42; P=0.641) were associated with the chronomodulated chemotherapy. The two arms were similar in terms of grade 3/4 @entity294 (1.10, 0.72 to 1.69; P=0.756), @entity391 and @entity390 (0.69, 0.42 to1.13; P=0.239), and @entity1897 (0.56, 0.25 to 1.27, 0.164). CONCLUSION: Chronomodulated chemotherapy showed significant improvement in OS comparing with conventional chemotherapy. Side effects of the chronomodulated chemotherapy are predictable and manageable. But these results still need more high-quality RCTs for confirmation.

title: Chronomodulated chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy for advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone marrow adherent cells contain conventional bone marrow stromal cells and mesenchymal stem cells and these cells constitute the hematopoietic microenvironment. Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineage cells and even ectodermal lineage cells. In the present study, we investigated what types of @entity5 cells are inducible from BM adherent cells by chemical carcinogens. METHODS: Bone marrow cells from neonatal C3H/HeN @entity19 were collected within 24 h after birth and then cultured. Four days later, bone marrow adherent cells were obtained and the cells were treated with @entity5954 . RESULTS: By this treatment, some transformed clones consisting of large spindle cells were obtained. The transformed cells were highly positive for @entity3844 and were positive for @entity185 , @entity27063 and @entity6580 , whereas the cells were negative for hematolymphoid markers. The cell clones had the ability to support hematopoiesis in vitro. These results indicate that the transformed cell lines have the characteristics of BM stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, during culture of the transformed cells, spontaneous bone nodule formation was observed. When the transformed cells were inoculated into immunodeficient @entity19 subcutaneously, the @entity5 grew in the subcutaneous tissue of the @entity19 . @entity3178 and ultrastructurally, the @entity5 showed the typical morphology of undifferentiated high-grade @entity242 (UHGPS). Bone-related genes have been found to be expressed in both transformed cells and UHGPSs. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that UHGPSs are derived from BM stromal cells, probably mesenchymal stem cells.

title: Transformation potential of bone marrow stromal cells into undifferentiated high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['Microscopically']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']


abstract: @entity2265 and @entity2742 , frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity8 , are associated with @entity8 , organ calcification, @entity65 and @entity944 . Restriction of dietary protein and @entity3151 is beneficial in slowing the progression of @entity177 . Dietary @entity3151 restriction must be prescribed at all stages of @entity177 in adults. It may be achieved by decreasing protein intake and avoiding foods rich in @entity3151 . An average of 60-80% of the @entity3151 intake is absorbed in the gut in dialysis @entity1 . If @entity1391 binders are employed, the @entity3151 absorbed from the diet may be reduced to 40%. Conventional hemodialysis with a high-flux, high-efficiency dialyzer removes approximately 30 mmol (900 mg) @entity3151 during each dialysis performed three times weekly. Therefore, 750 mg of @entity3151 intake should be the critical value above which a positive balance of @entity3151 may occur. This value corresponds to a protein diet of 45-50 g/day or 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for a 60 kg @entity1 . Target levels should become 9.2-9.6 mg/dl for @entity460 , 2.5-5.5 mg/dl for @entity3151 , <55 mg2/dl2 for the @entity460 - @entity3151 product, and 100-200 pg/ml for intact @entity461 .

title: XXXX restriction in diet therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['endstage renal disease', 'renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['Phosphate']


abstract: AIMS: Midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is useful for diagnosing @entity712 (HF) in @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Department with dyspnoea. Optimal interpretation of MR-proANP requires understanding of how various demographic variables influence its levels and performance as a diagnostic marker. We sought to determine how age, race, sex, and body mass index (BMI) affect the levels and interpretation of MR-proANP for the diagnosis of acute HF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Biomarkers in @entity712 (BACH) study was an international 15-centre study of 1641 @entity1 presenting to the Emergency Department with acute dyspnoea. Of these, 1352 had complete information on age, race, sex, and BMI. MR-proANP levels increased with age and were higher in @entity1 and in @entity1 with lower BMI. MR-proANP performed better as a diagnostic marker in younger individuals and in blacks compared with whites. Despite this, MR-proANP at the recommended cut-off point of 120 pmol/L was >90 % sensitive in ruling out the diagnosis of acute HF in all subgroups of @entity1 except white subjects <50 years old. CONCLUSION: Age, race, sex, and BMI affect MR-proANP levels to various degrees. However, the diagnostic performance of the recommended cut-off point of 120 pmol/L to rule out acute HF was robust across most subgroups. Although both sex and BMI affected MR-proANP levels, they did not alter its overall diagnostic performance. Lower cut-off points for MR-proANP could be considered in younger @entity1 and in @entity1 with a higher BMI, to optimize diagnostic sensitivity.

title: Influence of age, race, sex, and body mass index on interpretation of midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of XXXX : results from the BACH multinational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Heart Failure', 'acute heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: Somatic activation of Ras occurs frequently in @entity1 @entity5 , including one-third of @entity2 . Activating Ras mutations also occur in the germline, leading to @entity245 . The precise mechanism by which Ras activation results in @entity1 disease is uncertain. Here we describe the phenotype of a @entity19 engineered to harbor a germline oncogenic K-rasG12D mutation. This @entity19 exhibits early @entity2085 due to a placental trophoblast defect. Reconstitution with a wild-type placenta rescues the early lethality, but mutant embryos still succumb to cardiovascular and @entity1583 . In addition, mutant embryos demonstrate a profound defect in lung branching morphogenesis associated with striking up-regulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist @entity5743 and abnormal localization of MAPK activity within the lung epithelium. This defect can be significantly suppressed by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of @entity5743 in vivo. Furthermore, in the context of K-rasG12D-mediated lung tumorigenesis, @entity5743 is also up-regulated and functions as a @entity5 suppressor to limit @entity5 number and overall @entity5 burden. These findings indicate that in the lung, @entity5743 plays a critical role in the regulation of oncogenic @entity984 , and implicate counter-regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Ras-based disease.

title: @entity5743 regulates oncogenic XXXX in lung development and tumorigenesis.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['complex developmental syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic defects']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: Somatic activation of Ras occurs frequently in @entity1 @entity5 , including one-third of @entity2 . Activating Ras mutations also occur in the germline, leading to @entity245 . The precise mechanism by which Ras activation results in @entity1 disease is uncertain. Here we describe the phenotype of a @entity19 engineered to harbor a germline oncogenic K-rasG12D mutation. This @entity19 exhibits early @entity2085 due to a placental trophoblast defect. Reconstitution with a wild-type placenta rescues the early lethality, but mutant embryos still succumb to cardiovascular and @entity1583 . In addition, mutant embryos demonstrate a profound defect in lung branching morphogenesis associated with striking up-regulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist @entity5743 and abnormal localization of MAPK activity within the lung epithelium. This defect can be significantly suppressed by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of @entity5743 in vivo. Furthermore, in the context of K-rasG12D-mediated lung tumorigenesis, @entity5743 is also up-regulated and functions as a @entity5 suppressor to limit @entity5 number and overall @entity5 burden. These findings indicate that in the lung, @entity5743 plays a critical role in the regulation of oncogenic @entity984 , and implicate counter-regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Ras-based disease.

title: XXXX regulates oncogenic @entity984 in lung development and tumorigenesis.

answer: @entity5743 :: (10253,Gene) :: ['Sprouty-2']


abstract: We report 32 cases of acute @entity198 consecutively hospitalized in one hospital, from January 1991 to December 2002. The causative agent was identified in 26 cases (81%). The main associated viruses were @entity6079 (10 @entity1 ; 31%), Herpes simplex (6 @entity1 ; 19%), and enteroviruses (4 @entity1 ; 13%). At the acute phase, the most relevant biological findings were electroencephalogram results and CSF analysis. The initial encephalic imaging was primarily helpful to exclude other @entity16 whereas long-term imaging was a prognostic factor for necrotizing @entity198 . The microbiological diagnosis required several days or weeks to be determined. It did not influence the initial management. In addition to the 6 cases of @entity10926 , 19 @entity1 (78% altogether) were then treated by @entity1033 before a definitive diagnosis was made. Twenty-two @entity1 (69%) had a favorable outcome, 2 (6%) had moderate sequels, 2 (6%) had important ones, and 5 (16%) had major ones. One (3%) @entity1 died. The outcome was highly dependant on the causative agent and the mechanism of @entity198 . This series gives information on the epidemiology of @entity198 in @entity1 in our region over a period of 12 years.

title: [Acute XXXX : report on 32 consecutive pediatric cases observed in one hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity6079 :: ('MESH:D020804', 'Disease') :: ['varicella-zoster']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic encephalitis']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: This study aimed to assess quantitatively the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation and medication on @entity5048 parkinsonian @entity4653 . Twelve Italian @entity1 (11 males and 1 female) with @entity191 (mean age 60.29+/-7.50 years) and bilateral STN implantation were studied. Neurological assessments and acoustic recordings were performed in four clinical conditions combining stimulation and medication to assess the degree of @entity717 and @entity73 . Acoustic analysis was performed by means of the Multidimensional Voice Program and the Advanced Motor Speech Profile (Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ). None of the evaluated parameters deteriorated after STN deep brain stimulation. STN stimulation significantly improved motor performances and vocal @entity400 and provided a major stability to glottal vibration. Effect of stimulation on these parameters was superior to that of levodopa. No significant variations were observed in perceptual evaluation and in acoustic parameters related to prosody, articulation, and intensity after either stimulation or medication. The improvement of acoustic parameters related to glottal vibration and voice @entity400 was not accompanied by a substantial effect on speech intelligibility. STN stimulation was more effective on @entity66 than on @entity4653 , but we did not report negative consequences on speech.

title: Effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and medication on parkinsonian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['global motor limb dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['speech impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disabilities']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['speech impairment']


abstract: @entity19 @entity65290 is a new subunit belonging to the TWIK channel family. This 335- @entity535 polypeptide has four transmembrane segments, two pore-forming domains, and a @entity141 -binding EF-hand motif. Expression of @entity65290 transcripts is principally observed in eyes, lung, stomach and embryo. In the eyes, immunohistochemistry reveals protein expression only in some of the retina neurons. Although @entity65290 is able to dimerize as other functional two-P domain K+ channels when it is expressed in COS-7 cells, it remains in the endoplasmic reticulum and is unable to generate ionic channel activity. Deletions, mutations, and chimera constructions suggest that @entity65290 is not an intracellular channel but rather a subunit that needs to associate with a partner, which remains to be discovered, in order to reach the plasma membrane. A closely related @entity1 @entity65289 -A subunit has been cloned. @entity65289 displays an intriguing GLE sequence in its filter region instead of the G(Y/F/L)G sequence, which is considered to be the K+ channel signature. This subunit is alternatively spliced and gives rise to the shorter forms @entity65289 -B and -C. None of the @entity65289 structures can generate channel activity by itself. The @entity65289 gene is situated on chromosome 11, in the q13 region, where several candidate diseases have been identified.

title: Cloning of a new XXXX two-P domain channel subunit and a @entity1 homologue with a unique pore structure.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity19 @entity65290 is a new subunit belonging to the TWIK channel family. This 335- @entity535 polypeptide has four transmembrane segments, two pore-forming domains, and a @entity141 -binding EF-hand motif. Expression of @entity65290 transcripts is principally observed in eyes, lung, stomach and embryo. In the eyes, immunohistochemistry reveals protein expression only in some of the retina neurons. Although @entity65290 is able to dimerize as other functional two-P domain K+ channels when it is expressed in COS-7 cells, it remains in the endoplasmic reticulum and is unable to generate ionic channel activity. Deletions, mutations, and chimera constructions suggest that @entity65290 is not an intracellular channel but rather a subunit that needs to associate with a partner, which remains to be discovered, in order to reach the plasma membrane. A closely related @entity1 @entity65289 -A subunit has been cloned. @entity65289 displays an intriguing GLE sequence in its filter region instead of the G(Y/F/L)G sequence, which is considered to be the K+ channel signature. This subunit is alternatively spliced and gives rise to the shorter forms @entity65289 -B and -C. None of the @entity65289 structures can generate channel activity by itself. The @entity65289 gene is situated on chromosome 11, in the q13 region, where several candidate diseases have been identified.

title: Cloning of a new @entity19 two-P domain channel subunit and a XXXX homologue with a unique pore structure.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity8265 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity8265 in @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity986 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity281 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), a molecule @entity32 and @entity5 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity8265 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity6461 were analyzed for @entity8265 , @entity986 , and @entity2451 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity8265 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity8265 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity8265 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity8265 was noted in CIN3/ @entity6461 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity8265 with either @entity986 of @entity2451 expression. Combining @entity8265 immunoreactivity with @entity986 increased the immunolabeling of @entity1141 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity8265 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity3799 , especially for low-grade @entity1141 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and its relationship to XXXX and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['crucial to inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['invasive squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16INK4A']


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity8265 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity8265 in @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity986 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity281 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), a molecule @entity32 and @entity5 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity8265 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity6461 were analyzed for @entity8265 , @entity986 , and @entity2451 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity8265 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity8265 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity8265 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity8265 was noted in CIN3/ @entity6461 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity8265 with either @entity986 of @entity2451 expression. Combining @entity8265 immunoreactivity with @entity986 increased the immunolabeling of @entity1141 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity8265 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity3799 , especially for low-grade @entity1141 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of XXXX ( @entity3146 ) and its relationship to @entity986 and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity8265 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity8265 in @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity986 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity281 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), a molecule @entity32 and @entity5 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity8265 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity6461 were analyzed for @entity8265 , @entity986 , and @entity2451 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity8265 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity8265 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity8265 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity8265 was noted in CIN3/ @entity6461 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity8265 with either @entity986 of @entity2451 expression. Combining @entity8265 immunoreactivity with @entity986 increased the immunolabeling of @entity1141 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity8265 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity3799 , especially for low-grade @entity1141 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of @entity3146 ( XXXX ) and its relationship to @entity986 and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['CIN']


abstract: The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity10322 ) is an enormous, 470-kDa protein @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase that has homology with members of the @entity4357 (PI) 3-kinase superfamily. This protein contributes to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by assembling broken ends of DNA molecules in combination with the DNA-binding factors @entity10320 and @entity10321 . It may also serve as a molecular scaffold for recruiting DNA repair factors to DNA strand breaks. This study attempts to better define the role of protein kinase activity in the repair of DNA DSBs. We constructed a contiguous 14-kb @entity1 @entity10322 cDNA and demonstrated that it can complement the DNA DSB repair defects of two mutant cell lines known to be deficient in @entity10322 (M059J and V3). We then created deletion and site-directed mutations within the conserved PI 3-kinase domain of the @entity10322 gene to test the importance of protein kinase activity for DSB rejoining. These @entity10322 mutant constructs are able to express the protein but fail to complement the DNA DSB or V(D)J recombination defects of @entity10322 mutant cells. These results indicate that the protein kinase activity of @entity10322 is essential for the rejoining of DNA DSBs in @entity1 cells. We have also determined a model structure for the @entity10322 kinase domain based on comparisons to the crystallographic structure of a @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase. This structure gives some insight into which @entity535 residues are crucial for the kinase activity in @entity10322 .

title: Requirement for the kinase activity of XXXX DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA strand break rejoining.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The adult external sense organ precursor (SOP) lineage is a model system for studying asymmetric cell division. Adult SOPs divide asymmetrically to produce IIa and @entity70839 daughter cells; IIa generates the external socket (tormogen) and hair (trichogen) cells, while @entity70839 generates the internal neuron and sheath (thecogen) cells. Here we investigate the expression and function of @entity24007 in the adult SOP lineage. Although @entity24007 is asymmetrically localized in embryonic SOP lineage, this is not observed in the adult SOP lineage: @entity24007 is first detected in the @entity70839 nucleus and, during @entity70839 division, it is cytoplasmic and inherited by both neuron and sheath cells. Subsequently, @entity24007 is downregulated in the neuron but maintained in the sheath cell. Loss of @entity24007 function leads to 'double bristle' sense organs (reflecting a @entity70839 -to-IIa transformation) or 'single bristle' sense organs with abnormal neuronal differentiation (reflecting defective @entity70839 development). Conversely, ectopic @entity24007 expression results in duplicate neurons and sheath cells and a complete absence of hair/socket cells (reflecting a IIa-to- @entity70839 transformation). We conclude that (1) despite the absence of asymmetric protein localization, @entity24007 expression is restricted to the @entity70839 cell but not its IIa sibling, (2) @entity24007 promotes @entity70839 cell fate and inhibits IIa cell fate, and (3) @entity24007 is required for proper axon and dendrite morphology of the neuron derived from the @entity70839 cell. Thus, @entity24007 plays a fundamental role in establishing binary IIa/ @entity70839 sibling cell fates without being asymmetrically localized during SOP division. Finally, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the @entity70839 cell divides prior to the IIa cell in the SOP lineage.

title: XXXX distinguishes sibling cell fate without asymmetric localization in the Drosophila adult external sense organ lineage.

answer: @entity24007 :: (41363(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Prospero']


abstract: The @entity958 photoreceptors @entity16606 , @entity16607 and @entity28781 are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that @entity28781 mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and @entity16607 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the @entity28781 function. Studies of the @entity16607 / @entity28781 double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the @entity16607 / @entity16606 double mutants. The @entity16607 / @entity16606 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic @entity16606 nor @entity16607 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the @entity28781 -dependent function, @entity16607 also acts redundantly with @entity16606 to promote floral initiation in a @entity28781 -independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the @entity28781 gene or both the @entity16606 and @entity16607 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.

title: Antagonistic actions of @entity958 cryptochromes and XXXX in the regulation of floral induction.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity28781 :: (816394(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['phytochrome B']


abstract: The @entity958 photoreceptors @entity16606 , @entity16607 and @entity28781 are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that @entity28781 mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and @entity16607 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the @entity28781 function. Studies of the @entity16607 / @entity28781 double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the @entity16607 / @entity16606 double mutants. The @entity16607 / @entity16606 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic @entity16606 nor @entity16607 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the @entity28781 -dependent function, @entity16607 also acts redundantly with @entity16606 to promote floral initiation in a @entity28781 -independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the @entity28781 gene or both the @entity16606 and @entity16607 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.

title: Antagonistic actions of XXXX cryptochromes and @entity28781 in the regulation of floral induction.

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity14184 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity2449 and @entity4136 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity6 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity2449 and @entity4136 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity14184 QD (12 U before supper); @entity14184 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity2749 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity14184 BID and @entity14184 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity14184 BID-exenatide: @entity4051 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity14184 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity14184 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity4051 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity2749 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity14184 QD, @entity14184 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity14184 group ( @entity14184 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity14184 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity1209 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity14184 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity6 @entity1 (poorly controlled with combination @entity2449 / @entity4136 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity14184 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity6 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity6 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity6757 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity1017 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity14184 was more efficacious in helping @entity1 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 @entity6 failing to achieve glycemic control with @entity2449 and a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea or vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4136 :: (CHEBI:26831,Chemical) :: ['sulfonylurea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity14184 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity2449 and @entity4136 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity6 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity2449 and @entity4136 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity14184 QD (12 U before supper); @entity14184 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity2749 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity14184 BID and @entity14184 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity14184 BID-exenatide: @entity4051 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity14184 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity14184 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity4051 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity2749 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity14184 QD, @entity14184 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity14184 group ( @entity14184 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity14184 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity1209 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity14184 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity6 @entity1 (poorly controlled with combination @entity2449 / @entity4136 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity14184 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity6 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity6 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity6757 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity1017 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity14184 was more efficacious in helping @entity1 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 @entity6 failing to achieve glycemic control with XXXX and a @entity4136 .

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity14184 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity2449 and @entity4136 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity6 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity2449 and @entity4136 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity14184 QD (12 U before supper); @entity14184 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity2749 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity14184 BID and @entity14184 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity14184 BID-exenatide: @entity4051 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity14184 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity14184 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity4051 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity2749 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity14184 QD, @entity14184 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity14184 group ( @entity14184 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity14184 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity1209 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity14184 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity6 @entity1 (poorly controlled with combination @entity2449 / @entity4136 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity14184 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity6 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity6 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity6757 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity1017 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity14184 was more efficacious in helping @entity1 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 XXXX failing to achieve glycemic control with @entity2449 and a @entity4136 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Whether infancy-onset @entity11530 is best regarded as a habit, an early sign of @entity3119 , a symptom of @entity148 , or a sign of severe @entity1949 has been a topic of continuous debate. In this paper, we describe our clinical experience with nine consecutive cases of infancy-onset @entity11530 and detail the evaluation process and treatment course in one case. A distinct psychosocial stressor was identified in all cases, often accompanied by loss in the parents' histories. Most of the @entity1 had no transitional object. In six @entity1 , the symptom resolved after treatment and did not recur, while in three others improvement was partial. Length of treatment varied from four to twenty-one sessions and outcome was unrelated to treatment duration. In all cases, mother- @entity1 interactions were characterized by a lack of maternal physical contact and warmth, sharp maternal transitions between under-involvement and intrusiveness, lack of mutual engagement, and no elaboration of symbolic play. The @entity1 's behavior during play was marked by @entity148 , @entity146 , and momentary withdrawal from the interaction. Our cases reveal an impaired affective interpersonal communication between mother and @entity1 , often masked by a fair overallfamily instrumental functioning. It is tenta- tively suggested that infancy-onset @entity11530 represents an end-point symptom of several factors, such as a disturbed parent- @entity1 relationship, a @entity158 threshold in the @entity1 , and a parental @entity56 to overt expressions of aggressive impulses and negative affects. Issues related to treatment modalities are also addressed. Discussion focused on our experience that early-onset cases of @entity11530 are often not benign or homogenous in terms of etiology, course, or response to treatment and require much further study.

title: Some reflections on infancy-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity11530 :: ('MESH:D014256', 'Disease') :: ['trichotillomania']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity11530 :: (MESH:D014256,Disease) :: ['trichotillomania']


abstract: Results of histological examinations of sentinel lymphatic nodes (SLN) obtained by rapid peroperative biopsy (RPB) are presented. Our first experience with 77 @entity1 undergoing localized excision of axillary sentinel nodes is reported. Negative nodes were subsequently examined by means of immunohistochemistry of serial sectioned blocks. The aim of the study was to verify the percentage of identified @entity3 , and thus define the reliability of the RPB. At the same time we tried to determine the ratio of the negative biopsies of SLN, which were found positive subsequent to immunohistochemistry examination of serial sections, to the total amount of peroperative negative findings or a "false negativity". Our results were compared with those recently published. Particular demands and possibilities of the method used are briefly discussed. In the group of 77 @entity1 with @entity0 , the total number of 193 SLN were examined (average 2.5, in a @entity1 ranging from 1 to 7). Out of all examined SLN, 45 @entity1 (58.4%) were negative. @entity3 were identified in 32 @entity1 (41.6%). By rapid preoperative biopsy alone, @entity3 were found in 24%, which represents 75% sensitivity. The specificity was 100%. The following examination of serial sectioned specimens with or without immunohistochemistry showed 8 more @entity1 with @entity3 , which represents the false negativity of 15.1%. The @entity3 found in all 8 @entity1 were small micrometastases, isolated @entity5 cells or clusters of cells.

title: [Assessment of sentinel nodes in XXXX by rapid peroperative biopsy and immunohistochemistry in serial sectioning].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5 cell adherence to and migration on the extracellular matrix is an important aspect of @entity5 progression. This interaction with the extracellular matrix is mediated primarily through the integrin class of cell adhesion molecules. We identified a restricted expression of alphavbeta3 in highly metastatic K1735M2 and of alphavbeta5 in poorly metastatic K1735C23 @entity19 @entity320 cells. The highly metastatic cells were ten times more motile on @entity18755 and fibronectin and approximately three times more invasive through a reconstituted basement membrane than the poorly metastatic cells. This motility was inhibited by addition of anti- @entity21464 antibodies. Injection of the alphavbeta3-negative K1735C23 cells into syngeneic @entity19 resulted in the generation of a metastatic variant (K1735C23PM) that neo expressed the alphavbeta3 complex, indicating that expression of alphavbeta3 is required for K1735 @entity320 @entity3 . Injection of highly metastatic K1735M2 cells in the presence of blocking antibody to @entity21464 reduced @entity5 size by approximately 80%. Treatment of the K1735M2 cells with a retroviral antisense @entity21464 construct significantly reduced their expression of alphavbeta3 and also reduced their motility on extracellular matrix ligands and their invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane. In contrast, when the K1735C23 cells were treated with a construct containing the full-length @entity21464 cDNA, their motility on extracellular matrix proteins and invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane were significantly increased. These results indicate that alphavbeta3 is required for migration and invasion of K1735 @entity320 cells in vitro and primary @entity5 growth and @entity3 in vivo.

title: Differential expression of alphav integrins in K1735 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the outcome of various causes of non-malignant lesions of the esophagus after endoscopic therapeutic intervention. METHODS: A cohort of @entity1 with non-malignant @entity1282 presenting at Aga Khan University hospital, a tertiary care setting who underwent endoscopic intervention was studied. Response to treatment was evaluated by improvement in @entity1282 score on a scale of 0-4 and @entity1017 . RESULTS: 99 subjects (53 males) were included. Mean age was 48.6 +/- 17.2 years. @entity1282 for solids was present in 48%, for liquids in 3% and for both in 49% @entity1 . Significant @entity353 (>10% body weight) occurred in 35 (35.3%) @entity1 . @entity1318 was diagnosed in 49.5%, peptic stricture in 30.4%, post sclerotherapy stricture in 12.1%, @entity130 in 4%, post-operative stricture in 4%. In comparative analysis of @entity1318 and inflammatory groups, good response to @entity1282 was seen in 40/49 (82%) and 22/50 (44%) respectively p < 0.001. Weight gain was 35/49 (72%) and 22/50 (44%) p <0.001 respectively. Significantly, more endoscopic sessions were required in inflammatory group compare to @entity1318 ; 2.2 and 1.1 respectively; p <0.001 and 160% complications rate in inflammatory group comparing to no complications in @entity1318 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1282 and @entity353 were common presentations in non-malignant @entity1208 . Therapeutic intervention in inflammatory group was associated with high complication than the @entity1318 group.

title: Outcome of endoscopic therapeutic interventions: are they different among various non-malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Achalasia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['corrosive injury']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 from a rural district in North-Tanzania, and their relationship to aerobic fitness and body fat. METHODS: In Manyara region in Tanzania, @entity1 (aged 9-10 years) were randomly selected to participate in the present cross-sectional study. Hundred and seventy two @entity1 completed a video questionnaire showing the symptoms and signs of @entity565 . Lung function was measured by maximum forced expiratory flow-volume curves. Aerobic fitness was estimated from a standardized indirect maximal cycle ergometer test and sum of three skinfolds reflected body fat. RESULTS: Twenty four per cent reported @entity565 symptoms last year. Severe wheezing attacks last year were reported in 5% of the @entity1 . Thirty seven per cent of the @entity1 were underweight. Underweight @entity1 had significantly lower (P < 0.02) lung function (per cent of predicted). Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of @entity565 symptoms (odds ratio and 95% CI; 0.45 (0.22-0.95; P = 0.04). Aerobic fitness was not associated with @entity565 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: More than every fifth 9-10 year old @entity1 from a rural district in North-Tanzania reported @entity565 symptoms. Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of @entity565 symptoms, but aerobic fitness was not associated with @entity565 symptoms.

title: Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian XXXX ; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participants', 'child']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A pilot study of @entity3754 was conducted in two contiguous villages of Patna district in Bihar situated at the side of the river Ganges, known to be endemic for @entity3754 , to study present status of transmission parameters of @entity6565 . Of the 1872 @entity1 examined, 8.4% were found asymptomatic but microfilaraemic. Morbidity pattern due to filarial infection showed an increase with advancement of age and significantly high in males as compared to female (p < 0.001). @entity697 was observed as 0.5% and 9% respectively. Microfilaria was found in 10% of acute and 11.2% of chronic filarial cases. The Mf rate was found to be 9.9% in males and 9.0% in females respectively. The parasite species was identified as @entity10065 . The vector fauna surveyed show highest prevalence of vector species of Cx. quinquefasciatus (43%) in both domestic as well as predomestic area in the community. Other species like Cx. vishnui and Ma. uniformis were also seen. Each household and predomestic area was searched for mosquito fauna at night. The infection rate in vectors was found to be 14% and infectivity rate (L3) was 8%. The @entity6565 cases detected in the study were treated with 12 days course of DEC 6 mg/kg body weight.

title: A pilot study on the status of XXXX in a rural community of Bihar.

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic filarial disease']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase) activity is inhibited in cultured hippocampal cells following direct application of @entity2227 . The goal of the present study was to determine if hippocampal regions that undergo delayed cell @entity204 following @entity2227 microinfusion would exhibit changes in CaM kinase immunoreactivity. Gerbils received bilateral intra-hippocampal infusions of @entity8854 (34 microg/microl), or control treatments of @entity27303 or saline. Animals were sacrificed at 12 or 24 hr to assess cell loss and determine changes in CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity. Hippocampi of gerbils euthanized 12 hr following @entity8854 , or 24 hr following @entity27303 , did not exhibit cell @entity204 in the hippocampal @entity1399 region. Animals injected with @entity8854 and sacrificed 24 hr after infusion had extensive cell damage that was restricted to the hippocampal @entity1399 region. CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity was absent in the hippocampal @entity1399 region of all @entity8854 treated animals sacrificed at 12 hr. In these same sections, CaM kinase immunoreactivity was evident in the subiculum, @entity7464 and @entity1400 regions. Reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity following @entity8854 were also observed using Western analysis. The results confirm and extend the findings of earlier cell culture studies by demonstrating a reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity that occurred prior to cell @entity204 .

title: In vivo XXXX neurotoxicity is associated with reductions in @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity27303 :: ('CHEBI:29986', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glutamate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase) activity is inhibited in cultured hippocampal cells following direct application of @entity2227 . The goal of the present study was to determine if hippocampal regions that undergo delayed cell @entity204 following @entity2227 microinfusion would exhibit changes in CaM kinase immunoreactivity. Gerbils received bilateral intra-hippocampal infusions of @entity8854 (34 microg/microl), or control treatments of @entity27303 or saline. Animals were sacrificed at 12 or 24 hr to assess cell loss and determine changes in CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity. Hippocampi of gerbils euthanized 12 hr following @entity8854 , or 24 hr following @entity27303 , did not exhibit cell @entity204 in the hippocampal @entity1399 region. Animals injected with @entity8854 and sacrificed 24 hr after infusion had extensive cell damage that was restricted to the hippocampal @entity1399 region. CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity was absent in the hippocampal @entity1399 region of all @entity8854 treated animals sacrificed at 12 hr. In these same sections, CaM kinase immunoreactivity was evident in the subiculum, @entity7464 and @entity1400 regions. Reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity following @entity8854 were also observed using Western analysis. The results confirm and extend the findings of earlier cell culture studies by demonstrating a reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity that occurred prior to cell @entity204 .

title: In vivo @entity2227 neurotoxicity is associated with reductions in XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information is lacking on effectiveness of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity272 , side-effects, and duration of remission after discontinuation. OBJECTIVES: To determine effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission gained by use of @entity1500 in @entity272 . METHODS: All @entity1 with a @entity272 who were treated with @entity1500 (group A) or @entity1500 with @entity288 (CS) (group B) between 1995 and 2007 were evaluated. Detailed information was collected on dosage and duration of @entity1500 treatment, concomitant immunosuppressive medication and CS treatment, effectiveness, side-effects, duration of the remission period, and time until restart. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (A, n = 47; B, n = 11) were evaluated. Clinical assessment revealed that 38 @entity1 (81%) treated with @entity1500 and 11 @entity1 (100%) treated with @entity1500 + CS showed improvement of @entity3808 skin. After one treatment course 51% of the @entity1 treated with @entity1500 and 73% treated with @entity1500 + CS reached remission status with a median follow-up time of 55 and 58 months. @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and even to a third course of @entity1500 . @entity1 who showed a relapse had received a lower cumulative dose, due to a shorter period of treatment with @entity1500 in the first course. Serious side-effects were seen in six @entity1 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1500 was an effective treatment for various @entity272 with a long period of remission and relatively low @entity137 . @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and third course of @entity1500 .

title: Effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission after treatment with XXXX in localized scleroderma and related @entity272 : an inception cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic skin diseases', 'sclerotic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information is lacking on effectiveness of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity272 , side-effects, and duration of remission after discontinuation. OBJECTIVES: To determine effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission gained by use of @entity1500 in @entity272 . METHODS: All @entity1 with a @entity272 who were treated with @entity1500 (group A) or @entity1500 with @entity288 (CS) (group B) between 1995 and 2007 were evaluated. Detailed information was collected on dosage and duration of @entity1500 treatment, concomitant immunosuppressive medication and CS treatment, effectiveness, side-effects, duration of the remission period, and time until restart. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (A, n = 47; B, n = 11) were evaluated. Clinical assessment revealed that 38 @entity1 (81%) treated with @entity1500 and 11 @entity1 (100%) treated with @entity1500 + CS showed improvement of @entity3808 skin. After one treatment course 51% of the @entity1 treated with @entity1500 and 73% treated with @entity1500 + CS reached remission status with a median follow-up time of 55 and 58 months. @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and even to a third course of @entity1500 . @entity1 who showed a relapse had received a lower cumulative dose, due to a shorter period of treatment with @entity1500 in the first course. Serious side-effects were seen in six @entity1 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1500 was an effective treatment for various @entity272 with a long period of remission and relatively low @entity137 . @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and third course of @entity1500 .

title: Effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission after treatment with @entity1499 in localized scleroderma and related XXXX : an inception cohort study.

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['sclerotic skin diseases']


abstract: Veterans General Hospital started study for @entity73 ( @entity73 ) since 1996. We used clinical @entity303 rating (CDR) of 0.5 to define our @entity303 ( @entity303 ) subjects. These @entity303 subjects received annual neuropsychological assessment in 5-year follow-up period. Annual conversion rate, @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) genotype and neuropsychological risk factors for @entity303 were investigated. We found a 19.9% @entity1 -year conversion rate for these @entity303 subjects. Both of the poor cognitive performance and @entity2204 epsilon4 allele were risk factors for progressing to @entity303 . Based on the results of this study and the progress in the concept of @entity73 , we added more complex verbal and visual memory tests as well as MRI-based volumetry measurement in our subsequent research. Peterson's @entity73 criteria were used to diagnose our @entity73 subjects. In the 3-year follow-up period, the conversional rate was 18.2% @entity1 -year for @entity73 subjects, similar to our previous finding in @entity303 . We found hippocampal volume was positively associated with cognitive performance. @entity2204 genotype had effect on hippocampal volume. Subjects with lower cognitive performance and smaller hippocampi had higher risk converting to @entity195 . With rapidly expanding research on @entity303 and @entity73 worldwide, we are looking forward to seeing the integration in neurobiology, neuroimaging, and neurobehavior fields to establish a multidisciplinary approach to @entity73 and @entity303 .

title: The XXXX study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['QD', 'questionable dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment', 'amnestic MCI']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['MCI']


abstract: @entity13187 ( @entity13187 ) has been associated with the administration of @entity2287 -based contrast agents in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ), or @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Since the vast majority of these @entity1 do not get @entity13187 , it is highly likely that @entity1 factors play a role in its development. Although "free" or dechelated @entity2287 is thought by some to be the only trigger of @entity13187 , recent evidence suggests that chelated @entity2287 may be important. Chelated @entity2287 such as Omniscan ( @entity5777 ) and Magnevist ( @entity27307 ) can directly stimulate macrophages and monocytes in vitro to release profibrotic cytokines and growth factors capable of initiating and supporting the tissue @entity82 that is characteristic of @entity13187 . In addition, an effect of chelated @entity2287 on fibroblasts has also been demonstrated. Chelated @entity2287 in the form of Omniscan, Magnevist, MultiHance, and ProHance increased proliferation of @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. Indeed, increased numbers of macrophages, together with activated fibroblasts and fibrocytes, are essential cells in the fibrotic process and are present in @entity13187 skin. Accordingly, it is important that chelated @entity2287 , in combination with @entity1 cofactors, is considered in the etiology of @entity13187 associated with enhanced scans. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1277-1283. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Mechanism of XXXX : New evidence challenging the prevailing theory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['endstage renal disease', 'ESRD', 'SIRF', 'severely impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity13187 :: ('MESH:D054989', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis', 'NSF']

entities_list: @entity27307 :: ('CHEBI:35778', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity13187 :: (MESH:D054989,Disease) :: ['NSF']


abstract: OBJECT: Lumbar @entity12897 are a potential cause of @entity614 and @entity615 , and the definitive treatment is the complete excision of the cyst. This report summarizes the authors' preliminary clinical experience with the minimally invasive resection of lumbar @entity12897 . METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 (nine @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ) with symptomatic @entity12897 underwent minimally invasive resection. The mean @entity1 age was 64 years of age (range 43-80 years). The presenting symptom was @entity614 in 16 @entity1 , @entity1643 in two, and @entity425 in one. There were 16 cases of a cyst located at the L4-5 level, two at @entity6357 , and one at L5-S1. The mean cyst diameter was 13.7 mm (range 3-30 mm). The mean follow-up time was 16 months (range 4-29 months). Clinical outcomes were graded, based on the Macnab modified criteria, as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Eighteen @entity1 (95% of cases) reported either excellent (10 @entity1 ) or good (eight @entity1 ) results, and a fair result was reported by one @entity1 (5% of cases). The mean operative time was 158 minutes (range 75-270 minutes), and the average intraoperative @entity190 was 31 ml (range 10-100 ml). Two @entity1 had intraoperative dural tears that resulted in @entity5173 that resolved following primary closure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12897 can be safely and effectively treated using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Long-term follow up is required to determine whether this approach results in less need for fusion than conventional surgical approaches.

title: Treatment of lumbar XXXX using minimally invasive surgical techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial cysts', 'synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity weakness']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leaks']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: Major hormonal changes emerge during pregnancy. The pituitary gland is one of the most affected organs with altered anatomy and physiology. The pituitary gland is enlarged as a result of @entity1373 . Due to physiological changes in the pituitary and target hormone levels, binding globulins, and placental hormones, hormonal evaluation becomes more complex in pregnant @entity1 . As a consequence of physiological hormonal changes, the evaluation of pituitary functions in pregnant @entity1 is quite different from that done in the prepregnant state. @entity977 may cause problems by their hormone secretion that affects the mother and the fetus besides causing an increased risk of @entity5 growth. Furthermore, diagnosis, course, and treatment of @entity4611 point out differences. The changes in anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland during pregnancy are reviewed. @entity4611 namely @entity699 ; @entity2012 ; @entity2013 ; TSH-secreting, gonadotropin-producing, and clinically nonfunctioning @entity652 ; @entity976 ; and @entity4614 , which is one of the most common causes of @entity4614 , @entity4611 , and @entity4614 , in relation to pregnancy are discussed. Being aware of all this information will prevent any serious problems which mother and @entity1 will be exposed to.

title: Pregnancy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lactotroph hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis', 'Pituitary disorders', 'pituitary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', "Sheehan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intrapleural fibrinolytic enzymes have been used for over 60 years in the treatment of complicated pleural effusions to lyse loculations and promote resolution. Despite this extensive history of use, however, little is known about complications that may arise with the use of this therapy. Here we discuss a @entity1 with @entity177 on hemodialysis who developed an @entity548 after the administration of intrapleural tPA to treat a complicated parapneumonic effusion. A review of the literature examines the efficacy and safety of this therapy, focusing on @entity548 complications. Specific attention is paid to @entity1 who have underlying @entity1003 or who are receiving anticoagulation. DATA SOURCES: A review of the literature, as indexed in PubMed, was undertaken using the following search terms in combination: tPA, @entity1143 , complications of thrombolytics, and @entity548 . The search was inclusive of @entity1 under the age of 18, but was limited by English language and @entity1 subjects. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: All relevant articles identified during the search were reviewed. Those studies that reported on @entity548 complications, or lack thereof, were included in this review. Limitations of each article are noted in the text. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple studies, including a 2000 ACP consensus statement and a 2008 Cochrane review, indicate the need for further investigations to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrapleural thrombolytics for the treatment of complicated @entity1143 . Limited studies specifically address @entity548 complications, especially in subpopulations of @entity1 receiving concurrent anticoagulant therapy.

title: XXXX after administration of tPA: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions and empyemas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intrapleural hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Intrapleural hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the efficacy of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) in decreasing the ventricular rate in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 presenting with new-onset, rapid @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in an adult university hospital. @entity1 aged > or =18 years with @entity955 onset of less than 48 hours and a sustained ventricular rate of >100 beats/min were randomized to either intravenous (IV) @entity2400 10 mmol or normal saline (NSal). Rhythm and instantaneous heart rate as measured by the monitor were recorded at baseline and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate and rhythm were compared at 2 hours. A multilevel modeling analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline heart rate and any additional treatment and to examine changes in heart rate over time. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were randomized to @entity2400 and 24 to NSal. Baseline heart rate was lower in the @entity2400 group (mean +/- standard deviation [+/-SD] = 125 +/- 24 vs. 140 +/- 21 beats/min]. One and 3 @entity1 in the @entity2400 and NSal groups, respectively, were given another antiarrhythmic or were electrically cardioverted within 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate (mean +/- SD) at 2 hours in both @entity2400 (116 +/- 30 beats/min) and NSal groups (114 +/- 31 beats/min) decreased below their respective baseline levels. However, the rate of heart rate decrease across time did not differ between groups (p = 0.124). The proportion of @entity1 who converted to sinus rhythm 2 hours post-trial drug did not differ ( @entity2400 8.7% vs. NSal 25.0%, p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to demonstrate a difference between IV @entity2400 10 mmol and saline placebo for reducing heart rate or conversion to sinus rhythm at 2 hours posttreatment in @entity341 @entity1 with @entity955 of less than 48 hours duration.

title: @entity2399 versus placebo for XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the efficacy of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) in decreasing the ventricular rate in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 presenting with new-onset, rapid @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in an adult university hospital. @entity1 aged > or =18 years with @entity955 onset of less than 48 hours and a sustained ventricular rate of >100 beats/min were randomized to either intravenous (IV) @entity2400 10 mmol or normal saline (NSal). Rhythm and instantaneous heart rate as measured by the monitor were recorded at baseline and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate and rhythm were compared at 2 hours. A multilevel modeling analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline heart rate and any additional treatment and to examine changes in heart rate over time. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were randomized to @entity2400 and 24 to NSal. Baseline heart rate was lower in the @entity2400 group (mean +/- standard deviation [+/-SD] = 125 +/- 24 vs. 140 +/- 21 beats/min]. One and 3 @entity1 in the @entity2400 and NSal groups, respectively, were given another antiarrhythmic or were electrically cardioverted within 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate (mean +/- SD) at 2 hours in both @entity2400 (116 +/- 30 beats/min) and NSal groups (114 +/- 31 beats/min) decreased below their respective baseline levels. However, the rate of heart rate decrease across time did not differ between groups (p = 0.124). The proportion of @entity1 who converted to sinus rhythm 2 hours post-trial drug did not differ ( @entity2400 8.7% vs. NSal 25.0%, p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to demonstrate a difference between IV @entity2400 10 mmol and saline placebo for reducing heart rate or conversion to sinus rhythm at 2 hours posttreatment in @entity341 @entity1 with @entity955 of less than 48 hours duration.

title: XXXX versus placebo for @entity955 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSES: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is an @entity74 and is the frequently common lethal genetic pathology. The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the presence of 3 different types of enamel defects: (a) demarcated @entity231 ; (b) diffuse @entity231 ; and (c) @entity509 in the deciduous and permanent dentition of @entity1577 @entity1 ; and (2) compare with a control group. METHODS: The case group was defined as 13 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1577 and enrolled in a multiprofessional project of the Catholic University of Bras  lia (CUB), Brasilia, Brazil. All @entity1577 subjects were compared with control subjects selected from @entity1 at the CUB. Each @entity1577 subject was individually paired with a control subject of similar sex and age. A full-mouth examination was carried out for the developmental defects of enamel (DDE) index. RESULTS: The most prevalent @entity154 in deciduous teeth was demarcated @entity231 present in 16% of the case group and in 7% of the control group. Although the defects were more prevalent in the case group, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.57). The frequency of demarcated @entity231 was more prevalent in permanent teeth of the case group: 39% compared to 11% in the control group. For the control group, diffuse @entity231 were the more prevalent defects: 17% compared to 15% in the case group. The case group had more enamel defects in permanent teeth compared to the control (P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, enamel defects were frequently found in the permanent teeth of @entity1577 @entity1 . Therefore, professionals who treat @entity1 should be alerted to promoting oral health among these @entity1 .

title: Presence of developmental defects of enamel in cystic fibrosis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['enamel defect']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1118 is a major contributor to disability in older adults; however, the potential role of @entity1118 as a risk factor for falls is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether chronic @entity4512 is associated with an increased occurrence of falls in a cohort of community-living older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Study is a population-based longitudinal study of falls involving 749 adults aged 70 years and older. @entity1 were enrolled from September 2005 through January 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 recorded falls on monthly calendar postcards mailed to the study center during an 18-month period. RESULTS: There were 1029 falls reported during the follow-up. A report of 2 or more locations of @entity4512 at baseline was associated with greater occurrence of falls. The age-adjusted rates of falls per @entity1 -year were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.23) for the 300 @entity1 with 2 or more sites of joint @entity158 , 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92) for the 181 @entity1 with single-site @entity158 , and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.81) for the 267 @entity1 with no joint @entity158 . Similarly, more severe or disabling @entity158 at baseline was associated with higher fall rates (P < .05). The association persisted after adjusting for multiple confounders and fall risk factors. The greatest risk for falls was observed in @entity1 who had 2 or more @entity158 sites (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-1.99), and those in the highest tertiles of @entity158 severity (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08) and @entity158 interference with activities (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95%CI, 1.15-2.05), compared with their peers with no @entity158 or those in the lowest tertiles of @entity158 scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1118 measured according to number of locations, severity, or @entity158 interference with daily activities was associated with greater risk of falls in older adults.

title: XXXX and the occurrence of falls in an older population.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['Chronic musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed @entity1 after HTx (group III, n = 31), in @entity1 with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in @entity1 with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, @entity1547 and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, @entity694 increased within group III from 28.5% [ @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [ @entity9104 / @entity9104 (T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between @entity694 and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent @entity6923 .

title: Caries-, Candida- and Candida antigen/antibody frequency in XXXX after heart transplantation and @entity1 with congenital heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['oral Candida colonization']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']