abstract: Background. Treatment of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) in higher risk @entity263 is controversial. The primary focus of the study was to evaluate the early @entity137 profile for this cohort of @entity1 treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Methods. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics of those who received VMAT from May 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. A simplified contouring process of the PLNs to the aortic bifurcation was developed based on consensus guidelines. @entity344 were documented according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Version 2 Guidelines. Successive @entity1486 (PSA) values after treatment were measured on average 3 months apart. Results. 113 @entity1 were treated between May 2010 to December 2012 with a median follow-up of 14 months. No @entity1 experienced acute grade 3 or 4   GU and @entity344 . Only 1 @entity1 experienced a late grade 3   GU complication. No late grade 4   GU or GI events have yet occurred. Conclusions. This study reviews the first Australian experience of VMAT in the treatment of pelvic lymph nodes in @entity263 , specifically to the level of the aortic bifurcation. It demonstrates a favorable acute @entity137 profile whilst treating large PLN volumes with optimal dose coverage.

title: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes to the Aortic Bifurcation in Higher Risk Prostate Cancer: Early XXXX Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'Acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate Specific Antigen']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity353 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity353 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity28 @entity1 and compared to @entity28 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity28 @entity1 had higher @entity1243 levels and lower levels of @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin than @entity28 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity1243 levels and an increase in @entity1254 levels to the levels observed in @entity28 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity1254 and @entity26156 , but not @entity37462 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity1243 levels. The percentage of total @entity353 correlated positively with @entity1254 levels and negatively with @entity1243 levels. @entity1 with adequate @entity353 had a significantly lower @entity1243 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity353 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity1243 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in @entity28 @entity1 following XXXX induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obese', 'non-obese']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity353 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity353 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity28 @entity1 and compared to @entity28 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity28 @entity1 had higher @entity1243 levels and lower levels of @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin than @entity28 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity1243 levels and an increase in @entity1254 levels to the levels observed in @entity28 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity1254 and @entity26156 , but not @entity37462 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity1243 levels. The percentage of total @entity353 correlated positively with @entity1254 levels and negatively with @entity1243 levels. @entity1 with adequate @entity353 had a significantly lower @entity1243 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity353 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity1243 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in XXXX @entity1 following @entity353 induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity353 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity353 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity28 @entity1 and compared to @entity28 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity28 @entity1 had higher @entity1243 levels and lower levels of @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin than @entity28 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity1243 levels and an increase in @entity1254 levels to the levels observed in @entity28 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity1254 and @entity26156 , but not @entity37462 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity1243 levels. The percentage of total @entity353 correlated positively with @entity1254 levels and negatively with @entity1243 levels. @entity1 with adequate @entity353 had a significantly lower @entity1243 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity353 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity1243 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in @entity28 XXXX following @entity353 induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5 cells tend to develop resistance to various types of anticancer agents, whether they adopt similar or distinct mechanisms to evade cell death in response to a broad spectrum of @entity5 therapeutics is not fully defined. Current study concludes that DNA-damaging agents ( @entity2879 and @entity632 ), ER stressor ( @entity2426 ), and histone deacetylase inhibitor (apicidin) target oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for apoptosis induction, whereas other anticancer agents including @entity866 , @entity1311 , and @entity2857 induce apoptosis in an OXPHOS-independent manner. DNA-damaging agents promoted mitochondrial biogenesis accompanied by increased accumulation of cellular and mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial protein-folding machinery, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis occurred in a caspase activation-independent mechanism but was reduced by autophagy inhibition and @entity876 -deficiency. Abrogation of complex-I blocked DNA-damage-induced caspase activation and apoptosis, whereas @entity14377 or a combined deficiency of OXPHOS complexes I, III, IV, and V due to impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis did not modulate caspase activity. Mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of caspase activation in response to anticancer agents associates with decreased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c in complex-I-deficient cells compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) cells. Gross @entity2383 promoted increased release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria compared with @entity164 or complex-I-deficient cells, suggesting that cells harboring defective OXPHOS trigger caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent apoptosis in response to anticancer agents. Interestingly, DNA-damaging agent @entity632 showed strong binding to mitochondria, which was @entity952 but not by @entity1605 . @entity2426 -induced caspase activation was reduced upon @entity2383 whereas a reverse trend was observed with apicidin. Together, these finding provide a new strategy for differential mitochondrial targeting in @entity5 therapy.

title: Oxidative phosphorylation-dependent regulation of XXXX cell apoptosis in response to anticancer agents.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['complex-II-deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin', 'thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of complex-II']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disrupted by complex-I-deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['OXPHOS deficiencies', 'abrogation of complex-I or gross OXPHOS deficiency']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity1031 risk must be taken into account. Despite the widespread use of NOAC (non @entity2067 dependent oral anticoagulants) and recommendations of regulatory agencies and first consensus meeting on handling the @entity548 situation under NOAC, especially in hospitals without a large hemostatic focus, uncertainty still exists. In case of mild @entity548 from a clinical perspective, the medical care of these @entity1 and the delay of the next dose or discontinuation is advised. A special laboratory analysis is indicated i.e. in case of known higher grade liver and @entity177 , which can cause a prolonged elimination of NOAC. The administration of factor concentrates is not indicated in this situation. In case of moderate to severe @entity548 , the primary measures focus on the stabilization of the heart and circulatory function and parallel on the treatment depending on the localization of the @entity548 source. According to experience, mostly @entity360 occurs under the NOAC, which should be supplied endoscopically. In life-threatening @entity548 in addition to the measures of hemodynamic stabilization usually a special haemostasis management is required, which should be mainly clinically oriented. After the assessment of @entity548 predictor, the time of the last dose and the dose of @entity15796 should be learned, but other causes of @entity548 , including Fibrinolysis, should be excluded or treated. Subsequently, routinely promptly @entity3925 and/or @entity5424 sensitive thromboplastin time (Quick's value) and a @entity9900 time ( @entity9900 -poor calibrator) for qualitative assessment can be carried out because only very few hospitals have specific tests (anti-Xa measurements, @entity291 @entity9900 ), which could be promptly done. If there is a significant deviation from the normal range or to present preliminary value of particular @entity1 , an effect of NOAC most likely exists. In life-threatening @entity548 the use of factor concentrates (procoagulants) is indicated. The first-line therapy should be PPSB. Only in exceptional cases, especially when @entity3926 is taken, the use of aPPSB ( @entity33081  ) for prompt haemostasis can be considered. The haemostasis should be always clinically estimated and not according to coagulation tests. The use of rFVIIa (Novo Seven  ) shows different results in the @entity548 therapy (reversal) under @entity3926 . The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity1031 risk must be taken into account. CONCLUSION: The current concepts of the newly developed antidotes are not clinically validated. First prospective, clinical registries have been started.

title: [Bleedings under NOAC (non XXXX dependent oral anticoagulants). Evidence and practical management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin-K']


abstract: Injuries missed at initial operation have the potential to cause the most disastrous complications in @entity130 @entity1 . Over the past 5 years, 12 @entity1 have required re-operation for 14 injuries missed at initial laparotomy and/or thoracotomy. Six missed injuries were vascular, two each in the thorax, pelvis, and retroperitoneum. The other eight were visceral: three small bowel (one @entity1 ), two pancreatic, and one each of the heart, ureter, and diaphragm. Five @entity1 (42%) died, three with missed vascular and two with missed @entity130 . Three died due to complications directly related to their missed injuries, while the unrecognized injury did not play a significant role in the other two. Indications for re-operation in @entity1 with @entity1317 were @entity551 in two @entity1 , persistent output from drains in three, and refractory @entity520 in one. Re-exploration in @entity130 was for clinical sepsis in three @entity1 , DIC in one, @entity2293 in one, and persistent chest tube drainage in one. Eleven of the 12 @entity1 presented to the E.D. in shock. All @entity1 had @entity1230 with a mean of 3.25 organ systems injured. @entity551 , @entity1003 , and/or @entity2332 (T less than 92 degrees) were felt to have contributed to missing the injury in five of the @entity1 with vascular, and three of the @entity1 with @entity130 . In the four other @entity1 , injuries were missed due to inadequate exploration or a low index of suspicion in the presence of @entity1230 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Injuries missed at operation: nemesis of the XXXX surgeon.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The primary radiologic evidence of @entity4036 is disturbance of normal small intestine arrangement. Loops of intestine are crowded together as if in a bag, giving the appearance of clumping or sacculation. Dilatation and @entity393 may occur with varying degrees of @entity3179 . Displacement of viscera or @entity551 may be observed. Studies of the small bowel are necessary to demonstrate these conditions and must be made with the @entity1 in the erect as well as the horizontal position. Repeated studies may be required, and the best time to make them is during an acute attack, as the @entity547 may be temporarily reduced during a remission. The clinical symptoms are sufficiently characteristic to suggest the diagnosis in most cases. The usual history is of repeated attacks of @entity490 or discomfort, usually accompanied by distention, varying in periodicity and intensity, with or without @entity390 or @entity391 , and not accompanied by laboratory data or clinical signs indicative of @entity32 . Similar or identical clinical and roentgenologic evidence may be produced by torsion of the small bowel or by peritoneal adhesions. The @entity547 or torsion may reduce spontaneously before or at the time of operation. Therefore, a careful search for abnormal fossae, mesenteric defects or @entity1104 is necessary if herniation or torsion is not found.

title: Roentgen diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hernia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive bands']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of mobility']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pressure deformity']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal hernia']


abstract: Secondary vascular procedures to below-knee vessels for @entity63 present a challenge to the vascular surgeon. Autogenous vein is often unavailable and failure of the previous bypass often limits the choice of distal vessels suitable for revascularization. This dilemma raises the question of amputation vs secondary vascular surgery. To address this question we reviewed the results of our previous aggressive approach to revascularization in a select group of 25 @entity1 (26 limbs) who had secondary procedures with @entity736 grafts to tibial vessels or the infragenicular popliteal artery with single-vessel runoff. Nine of these 26 bypasses (35%) have remained patent for a mean of 17.2 months and no amputations have been done in this group. The other 17 bypasses (65%) have occluded from 1 day to 36 months postoperatively (mean 4.3 months); 15 of these limbs have required major amputation (58%). Ten were performed within the first 3 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 25 @entity1 died in the follow-up period (mean 27.5 months); five of these @entity1 had viable limbs. Of 12 surviving @entity1 (mean follow-up 19.9 months), six had viable limbs and six have required amputation. These results indicate that @entity1 having secondary vascular surgical procedures with @entity736 grafts to tibial vessels have a high amputation rate and poor overall survival. Within this select group of @entity1 , those who could walk with the aid of a prosthesis should be considered as candidates for primary amputation. This would facilitate rehabilitation and avoid the anguish of recurrent graft failure and multiple procedures.

title: Secondary vascular procedures with XXXX grafts for @entity63 in a male veteran population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity ischemia']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: Secondary vascular procedures to below-knee vessels for @entity63 present a challenge to the vascular surgeon. Autogenous vein is often unavailable and failure of the previous bypass often limits the choice of distal vessels suitable for revascularization. This dilemma raises the question of amputation vs secondary vascular surgery. To address this question we reviewed the results of our previous aggressive approach to revascularization in a select group of 25 @entity1 (26 limbs) who had secondary procedures with @entity736 grafts to tibial vessels or the infragenicular popliteal artery with single-vessel runoff. Nine of these 26 bypasses (35%) have remained patent for a mean of 17.2 months and no amputations have been done in this group. The other 17 bypasses (65%) have occluded from 1 day to 36 months postoperatively (mean 4.3 months); 15 of these limbs have required major amputation (58%). Ten were performed within the first 3 months postoperatively. Thirteen of the 25 @entity1 died in the follow-up period (mean 27.5 months); five of these @entity1 had viable limbs. Of 12 surviving @entity1 (mean follow-up 19.9 months), six had viable limbs and six have required amputation. These results indicate that @entity1 having secondary vascular surgical procedures with @entity736 grafts to tibial vessels have a high amputation rate and poor overall survival. Within this select group of @entity1 , those who could walk with the aid of a prosthesis should be considered as candidates for primary amputation. This would facilitate rehabilitation and avoid the anguish of recurrent graft failure and multiple procedures.

title: Secondary vascular procedures with @entity736 grafts for XXXX in a male veteran population.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower extremity ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18050 emulsion infusion into the carotid artery has been reported to induce temporary and reversible opening of the blood-brain barrier by increasing vascular permeability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity18050 emulsion infusion on brain permeance by anticancer agents. METHODS: In the @entity632 study. 2.4 mg/kg @entity632 was injected immediately after @entity18050 emulsion (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) infusion into @entity95 carotid arteries. Two hours later, bilateral hemispheres and eyeballs were harvested, and @entity632 concentrations were measured fluorometrically. @entity632 ratios of ipsilateral/contralateral hemispheres were compared with those of @entity632 controls by use of the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test. In the @entity900 study, 10 mg/kg @entity900 was injected immediately after 2% @entity18050 emulsion infusion into @entity35 carotid arteries. Ipsilateral hemispheres were harvested 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Time-dependent @entity900 concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity632 concentrations were significantly higher in ipsilateral hemispheres and eyeballs in all 3 @entity18050 treatment groups than in @entity632 controls. In the @entity900 study, @entity900 concentrations in the ipsilateral hemispheres peaked at 6 hours after infusion of @entity900 . CONCLUSION: Brain permeance to anticancer agents was increased by @entity18050 emulsion infusion, which suggests that @entity18050 infusion might be a useful adjuvant treatment for @entity1313 . ABBREVIATIONS: BBB, blood-brain barrierHPLC, high-performance liquid chromatographyLC/ESI-MS/MS, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.

title: XXXX Emulsion Infusion Into the Carotid Artery Increases Brain Permeability to Anticancer Agents.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity18050 :: ('MESH:D014304', 'Chemical') :: ['triolein', 'Triolein']

answer: @entity18050 :: (MESH:D014304,Chemical) :: ['Triolein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6087 ( @entity16841 ) is an increasingly common subtype of @entity542 , especially in the elderly population. The optimization of treatment strategies has been hampered by the collection of heterogeneous outcome measures and data elements, precluding cross-study comparisons. This study aimed to quantify the heterogeneity of data elements in the pre-operative, operative, and post-operative phases of care, and build the basis for the development of a set of common data elements (CDEs) for @entity16841 . This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews (CRD42014007266). All full-text English studies with more than 10 @entity1 (prospective) or more than 100 @entity1 (retrospective) published after 1990 examining clinical outcomes in @entity16841 were eligible for inclusion. One hundred two eligible studies were found. Only 40 studies (39.2%) reported the main presenting symptom/feature and 24 (23.5%) reported additional symptoms/features. Admitting neurological/functional status was classified by the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (25 studies; 24.5%), the Markwalder Score (26 studies; 25.5%) and the modified Rankin Scale (three studies; 2.9%). Fifty-four studies (52.9%) made some mention of @entity1 comorbidities and 58 studies (56.9%) reported the proportion or excluded patients on anticoagulant medication. Eighteen studies (17.6%) reported @entity3459 status. Sixty-four studies (62.7%) stratified or assessed severity based on radiological findings, although the methods used varied widely. There was variable reporting of surgical technique and post-operative care; 32 studies (31.4%) made no mention of whether the operations were performed under general or local anesthetic. This study, a part of the Core Outcomes and Common Data Elements in @entity16841 ( @entity16841 ) project, confirms and quantifies the heterogeneity of data elements collected and reported in @entity16841 studies to date. It establishes the basis for the consensus-based development of a set of common data elements, facilitating robust cross-study comparisons and resulting improvements in @entity1 outcomes.

title: Core Outcomes and Common Data Elements in XXXX : A Systematic Review of the Literature Focusing on Baseline and Peri-Operative Care Data Elements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['baseline coagulation']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['Chronic Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Operating room (OR) time is an expensive resource that should be optimized to reduce costs. Individual preoperative risk parameters (PORS) assessment may aid in predicting @entity231 surgery time. METHODS: Dedicated software was developed and known risk factors for @entity231 surgery were integrated into it. Preoperative risk parameters were assigned to each @entity1 in the preoperative meeting and the risk score was calculated. A total of 153 @entity1 were divided according to a standard classification into low-risk group (PORS  <=2) and high-risk group (PORS >5). Duration of surgery for each group was compared by Student t test and linear regression analysis was used to calculate the relation between change in OR time and change in risk score. RESULTS: @entity1 in the high PORS group had longer surgery times when compared with @entity1 in the low PORS group (37.6 vs 19.6, p<0.001). Risk scores positively correlated with surgery time (r = 0.30, p<0.001). Prediction equations for the OR time demonstrated for 2 surgeons that every increase in 1 risk point added 2.2 or 3.3 minutes to the OR time. Outliers (more than 1 standard deviation [SD] from each surgeon's surgery mean time) had more than twice the risk score of cases within 1 SD from the mean. CONCLUSIONS: The PORS system may be a useful tool for predicting OR time based on individual @entity1 risk and may improve OR scheduling.

title: Predicting XXXX surgery time based on preoperative risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Our case is a 31-year-old primipara who had undergone a cesarean section for multiple pregnancy and was referred to our clinic because of @entity3036 . On admission, her consciousness level was lethargic. Computed tomography on admission showed high density area indicating right paraventricular @entity548 with @entity9009 , and low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Examination of the cerebral angiogram done six days after onset of symptoms revealed multisegmental @entity2553 in Willis' circle mainly. An emergent ventricular drainage was performed. Two weeks later, repeat angiogram revealed that @entity2473 had almost disappeared. Repeat CT scan three months after the onset showed small low density area in the right caudate nucleus and disappearance of the low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Her clinical course was uneventful and she was discharged without @entity51 at about three weeks after the onset. In spite of absence of @entity510 on CT scan, remarkable multisegmental @entity2473 was found on cerebral angiogram. We suspected that @entity3036 may have been responsible for the @entity2473 in this case. Bleeding was believed to have originated in the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle. It was supposed that infarcted @entity548 or @entity548 from small artery due to changes in arterial or venous pressure might have occurred and penetrated into the lateral ventricle.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity548 ].

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular perforation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid clot']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'attack of eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: Our case is a 31-year-old primipara who had undergone a cesarean section for multiple pregnancy and was referred to our clinic because of @entity3036 . On admission, her consciousness level was lethargic. Computed tomography on admission showed high density area indicating right paraventricular @entity548 with @entity9009 , and low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Examination of the cerebral angiogram done six days after onset of symptoms revealed multisegmental @entity2553 in Willis' circle mainly. An emergent ventricular drainage was performed. Two weeks later, repeat angiogram revealed that @entity2473 had almost disappeared. Repeat CT scan three months after the onset showed small low density area in the right caudate nucleus and disappearance of the low density areas in bilateral basal ganglia. Her clinical course was uneventful and she was discharged without @entity51 at about three weeks after the onset. In spite of absence of @entity510 on CT scan, remarkable multisegmental @entity2473 was found on cerebral angiogram. We suspected that @entity3036 may have been responsible for the @entity2473 in this case. Bleeding was believed to have originated in the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle. It was supposed that infarcted @entity548 or @entity548 from small artery due to changes in arterial or venous pressure might have occurred and penetrated into the lateral ventricle.

title: [A case of @entity3036 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']


abstract: Three cases of communicating @entity1276 after @entity510 are reported that underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and suffered from delayed @entity1779 along the ventricular catheter. Ventricular catheters were inserted into the posterior horn with minimal @entity75 by our method, in case 1 and 2, 3 times try of ventriculostomy, in case 3, replacement along the same route on the shunt revision. Blood pressure control after the operation was good and @entity548 tendency was not observed. @entity455 was not found in preoperative angiography in any case. In case 1, 60 year-old @entity1 , @entity1779 occurred on the 7th-9th postoperative day as the result of @entity12906 and generalized @entity410 which needed assisted ventilation for two days. In case 2, 54 year-old @entity1 and case 3, 59 year-old @entity1 , @entity10 and @entity1269 suddenly developed immediately after micturition 4 days after operation. Postoperative CT scan revealed that cranioplasty, performed at the same time as shunt operation, caused mass effect on the shunted side of the brain in case 2. In case 3, VP shunt system revised did not seem to function so well. These conditions might predispose the shunted brain to bleed, in addition to the @entity428 or blood pressure probably produced by Valsalva effect at micturition. These cases indicate that the small surgical wound in the brain induced by shunt procedure could cause @entity455 and bring about delayed @entity932 under some predisposing factors.

title: [Delayed XXXX following VP shunt operation].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['progressive degenerative vascular change', 'Vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: A 30-year-old, right handed male was admitted with @entity10 and mild right-sided motor weakness of one year's duration. A CT scan revealed a mass over the left frontal convexity. A cerebral angiogram showed a huge, hypervascular @entity5 which was fed by bilateral external carotid and left internal carotid arteries. Because of its size and location, a surgical intervention was considered contraindicated at that time. Instead he was initially irradiated 52 Gy in total dose with 10MV x-rays (Lineac). A CT scan 4 months thereafter revealed remarkable decrease in the size of @entity5 and reduction of its mass effect. A CT scan 12 months later, however, revealed increase in low density area around mass, although the size of the @entity5 was much smaller than before. He was readmitted for surgery 14 months after irradiation. An angiogram visualized more reduction of @entity5 stain and the caliber of feeding arteries. The @entity5 was totally removed without resultant @entity51 . A histological diagnosis of the @entity5 was @entity1653 with well developed vascular networks. @entity1653 is usually not a radiosensitive @entity5 , but there are some reports of cases with @entity1653 which have been effectively treated with irradiation preoperatively. In the present case, because of a huge @entity5 in the dominant hemisphere, irradiation was given initial and 14 months thereafter the @entity5 was totally removed without @entity51 .

title: [A case of XXXX : the effect of preoperative irradiation].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular meningiomas', 'meningotheliomatous meningioma', 'Meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['hypervascular meningioma']


abstract: Previous observational studies conducted predominantly in white @entity1 before 1988 estimated that 20% to 40% of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are unrecognized. Recent data on the proportion of @entity583 that are unrecognized, especially in @entity1 and African-Americans, are largely unavailable. @entity1 in the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 45 to 65 years, who were free of clinically recognized @entity301 and electrocardiographic evidence of MI at baseline (n = 12,843). Three follow-up clinic examinations were conducted approximately 3, 6, and 9 years after baseline, and included a 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest. Electrocardiographic evidence of @entity1188 was defined as the appearance between the baseline and subsequent examinations of a major Q wave or a minor Q wave with @entity63 changes. Clinically recognized (hospitalized) MI events were also identified and validated. Incident unrecognized MI was defined as electrocardiographic evidence of MI before, or in the absence of, a clinically recognized MI during the follow-up period. Of 508 @entity583 , 20% were unrecognized (95% confidence interval 16% to 23%), with African-Americans having a slightly higher percentage (23%) than whites (19%). The percentage of unrecognized @entity583 in @entity1 and @entity1 was similar. The percentage of unrecognized @entity583 in the ARIC sample between 1987 and 1998 was slightly lower than previous estimates from other populations.

title: Occurrence of unrecognized XXXX in subjects aged 45 to 65 years (the ARIC study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ST-T']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MIs', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: This report presents the long-term subjective and objective results of esophageal myotomy and fundoplication by thoracotomy in the treatment of @entity1208 . From 1977 to 1995, a total of 16 @entity1 with @entity1208 were referred to our unit and underwent a myotomy with an added partial (n = 12) or total (n = 4) fundoplication. The median follow-up was 6 years. Assessments included clinical evaluation, esophagogram, radionuclide emptying, manometry, 24-hour pH studies, and endoscopy. From the global results, @entity1 with pure @entity508 (n = 8) were compared to @entity1 with @entity508 with an accompanying @entity7261 (n = 8). There were no deaths, and morbidity was minimal. Preoperative symptoms were similar in all @entity1 with @entity508 . After surgery, the clinical outcome was significantly better in @entity1 with @entity508 in the presence of a @entity7261 . Delays in esophageal emptying persisted after surgery. @entity1 with pure @entity508 showed more @entity66 . @entity1 with a @entity7261 had dysfunction mostly in the distal esophagus. Both groups showed signs of @entity854 in the lower esophageal sphincter. Myotomy with antireflux surgery resulted in decreased propulsion and contraction pressure. The resting pressure and relaxation at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter improved, but the @entity854 remained. Failure resulted from either @entity532 (n = 1) or obstruction (n = 4). @entity1 with @entity508 plus a @entity7261 showed better clinical results and improved esophageal function after surgery when compared to @entity1 with pure @entity508 .

title: Long myotomy with antireflux repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse functional abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic disorders']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['reflux complications']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['epiphrenic diverticulum', 'diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal spastic disorders']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coordination and relaxation abnormalities', 'coordination abnormalities']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal spastic disorders']


abstract: This study was designed to clarify whether or not leukotoxin ( @entity71039 ), which is biosynthesized by neutrophils, might be involved in the genesis of @entity854 . Twelve @entity235 were divided into 2 groups. In the test group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity44836 was injected intravenously, and in the control group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity4722 was injected. In each group, a series of blood samples were collected and used for coagulation studies. After the end of the experimental period, a histological study was performed on organs removed from the @entity235 . In the leukotoxin group, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was increased time-dependently. Fibrinogen was decreased, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in parallel with the increase in FDP. A decrease in number of platelets was also observed. @entity5642 was observed in sections of lung. These data were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). No significant changes in these parameters were observed in the @entity4722 group. @entity44836 has been confirmed to show antifungal and antibacterial activity, and its production might be a defensive response to @entity281 . Over-production of leukotoxin associated with severe @entity281 might therefore account for @entity5642 .

title: The role of leukotoxin ( XXXX ) in the genesis of @entity854 .

entities_list: @entity71039 :: ('MESH:C051208', 'Chemical') :: ['9, 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate']

entities_list: @entity44836 :: ('MESH:C018579', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotoxin', 'leukotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'infection-induced DIC', 'Intravascular coagulation', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulating abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity71039 :: (MESH:C051208,Chemical) :: ['9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate']


abstract: This study was designed to clarify whether or not leukotoxin ( @entity71039 ), which is biosynthesized by neutrophils, might be involved in the genesis of @entity854 . Twelve @entity235 were divided into 2 groups. In the test group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity44836 was injected intravenously, and in the control group (n = 6), 100 mumol/kg of @entity4722 was injected. In each group, a series of blood samples were collected and used for coagulation studies. After the end of the experimental period, a histological study was performed on organs removed from the @entity235 . In the leukotoxin group, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) was increased time-dependently. Fibrinogen was decreased, and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged in parallel with the increase in FDP. A decrease in number of platelets was also observed. @entity5642 was observed in sections of lung. These data were compatible with a diagnosis of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). No significant changes in these parameters were observed in the @entity4722 group. @entity44836 has been confirmed to show antifungal and antibacterial activity, and its production might be a defensive response to @entity281 . Over-production of leukotoxin associated with severe @entity281 might therefore account for @entity5642 .

title: The role of leukotoxin ( @entity71039 ) in the genesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['coagulation abnormalities']


abstract: @entity5493 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity5 . It is a @entity5 because it is a @entity75 and biopsies of the lesion are false negative in 25% to 56% of @entity1 . The primary focus of this report @entity4318 of 30 @entity1 with @entity5493 of the ampulla of Vater who underwent Whipple operations. @entity982 blocks from 22 @entity1 were available. In eight @entity1 , blocks of the biopsies and the corresponding resected specimens were available. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to @entity876 and Ki-67 were performed to determine whether accumulation of these antibodies in the biopsy specimens would identify false negative biopsies. There was one @entity204 . The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for the 22 @entity1 surviving a Whipple operation were 74%, 57%, and 35%, respectively. Three @entity1 died of @entity5 . The mean @entity876 expression index was increased in @entity2513 to 114 (P = 0.01), compared with 12.6 for normal ampullary epithelium adjacent to @entity5 . Significant differences in the Ki-67 proliferation index were noted between normal adjacent epithelium (13%), @entity652 (34%, P = 0.0002), and @entity189 (53%, P = 0.034), as well as between adenomatous epithelium and @entity189 (34% vs. 53%, P = .012). @entity420 was present in 65% of @entity1 with @entity5493 (87% if @entity1 with @entity189 in situ in resected specimens are included). Because of the high false negative rate of ampullary biopsies, and the inability to accurately stage these lesions, we recommend pancreaticoduodenectomy in most @entity1 . Studies with @entity876 and Ki-67 markers suggest that they may be helpful in the recognition of ampullary villous @entity5 not identified on routine biopsies.

title: Treatment of @entity5493 that may harbor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma', 'Villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deceptive tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas to 88 (P = 0.001) and in carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['operative death']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Villous ampullary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5493 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity5 . It is a @entity5 because it is a @entity75 and biopsies of the lesion are false negative in 25% to 56% of @entity1 . The primary focus of this report @entity4318 of 30 @entity1 with @entity5493 of the ampulla of Vater who underwent Whipple operations. @entity982 blocks from 22 @entity1 were available. In eight @entity1 , blocks of the biopsies and the corresponding resected specimens were available. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to @entity876 and Ki-67 were performed to determine whether accumulation of these antibodies in the biopsy specimens would identify false negative biopsies. There was one @entity204 . The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates for the 22 @entity1 surviving a Whipple operation were 74%, 57%, and 35%, respectively. Three @entity1 died of @entity5 . The mean @entity876 expression index was increased in @entity2513 to 114 (P = 0.01), compared with 12.6 for normal ampullary epithelium adjacent to @entity5 . Significant differences in the Ki-67 proliferation index were noted between normal adjacent epithelium (13%), @entity652 (34%, P = 0.0002), and @entity189 (53%, P = 0.034), as well as between adenomatous epithelium and @entity189 (34% vs. 53%, P = .012). @entity420 was present in 65% of @entity1 with @entity5493 (87% if @entity1 with @entity189 in situ in resected specimens are included). Because of the high false negative rate of ampullary biopsies, and the inability to accurately stage these lesions, we recommend pancreaticoduodenectomy in most @entity1 . Studies with @entity876 and Ki-67 markers suggest that they may be helpful in the recognition of ampullary villous @entity5 not identified on routine biopsies.

title: Treatment of XXXX that may harbor @entity189 .

answer: @entity5493 :: (MESH:D018253,Disease) :: ['ampullary villous adenomas']


abstract: Injury is recognised internationally as the major threat to adolescent health. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity130 in New Zealand, and to examine opportunities for prevention. National mortality data were searched to identify all 15-19 year-olds, who died from injuries in the period 1986-1995. Leading causes of injury were reviewed in light of known risk factors, injury mortality rates in other industrialised countries, and available prevention strategies. The results showed that injury accounted for 2,095 @entity204 (72.8 per 100,000 @entity1 years). Males comprised 77% of victims (110.6 per 100,000 @entity1 years), and there was a three-fold increase in mortality from age 15 (35.3 per 100,000 @entity1 years) to 19 years (106.4 per 100,000 @entity1 years). The leading causes of @entity204 were road traffic crashes (42.6 per 100,000 @entity1 years), suicide (16.4 per 100,000 @entity1 years), and unintentional drowning (3.6 per 100,000 @entity1 years). The Graduated Driver Licensing System addresses a range of risk factors for adolescent road traffic crashes. Despite inadequate enforcement, early indications are that it has yielded modest reductions in injury. Hazardous drinking is implicated in the high rates of road traffic crashes and drownings, and given recent liberalization of supply-side policies, proactive identification of hazardous drinkers followed by brief intervention holds promise as a prevention measure. Suicide accounts for an increasing rate of adolescent @entity204 in New Zealand. The effect of national policies to address a range of suicide risk factors remains to be fully evaluated.

title: XXXX mortality in New Zealand and opportunities for prevention.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent fatal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Adolescent injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is increasingly used as a therapeutic tool in psychiatry and has been demonstrated to attenuate the activity of the stress hormone system. Stress-induced structural remodeling in the adult hippocampus may provide a cellular basis for understanding the impairment of neural plasticity in @entity308 . Accordingly, reversal of structural remodeling might be a desirable goal for antidepressant therapy. The present study investigated the effect of chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment on stress hormone regulation and hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were submitted to daily psychosocial stress and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (20 Hz) for 18 days. Cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus was quantified by using @entity1603 immunohistochemistry, and both the proliferation rate of progenitors and the survival rate of @entity1603 -labeled cells were evaluated. To characterize the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, plasma @entity3317 and @entity2819 concentrations were measured. RESULTS: @entity102 resulted in a significant increase of stress hormone levels and potently suppressed the proliferation rate and survival of the newly generated hippocampal granule cells. Concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment normalized the stress-induced elevation of stress hormones; however, despite the normalized activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system, the decrement of hippocampal cell proliferation was only mildly attenuated by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, while the survival rate of @entity1603 -labeled cells was further suppressed by the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that attenuation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system is an important mechanism underlying the clinically observed antidepressant effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, whereas this experimental design did not reveal beneficial effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

title: XXXX and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects on stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic psychosocial stress']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotropin']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic psychosocial stress']


abstract: Age is the main clinical determinant of large artery stiffness. Central arteries stiffen progressively with age, whereas peripheral muscular arteries change little with age. A number of clinical studies have analyzed the effects of age on @entity2333 . Increase of central artery stiffness with age is responsible for earlier wave reflections and changes in pressure wave contours. The stiffening of aorta and other central arteries is a potential risk factor for increased @entity65 and mortality. Arterial stiffening with aging is accompanied by an elevation in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). Although arterial stiffening with age is a common situation, it has now been confirmed that older subjects with increased @entity432 and elevated PP have higher @entity65 and mortality. Increase in @entity2333 with age occurs gradually and continuously, similarly for @entity1 and @entity1 . Cross-sectional studies have shown that aortic and carotid stiffness (evaluated by the pulse wave velocity) increase with age by approximately 10% to 15% during a period of 10 years. @entity1 always have 5% to 10% lower stiffness than @entity1 of the same age. Although large artery stiffness increases with age independently of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or other associated conditions, the extent of this increase may depend on several environmental or genetic factors. @entity101 may increase @entity432 , especially in older subjects. Among other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1723 and 2 accelerates @entity432 , whereas the role of @entity2299 and @entity286 smoking is unclear. Arterial stiffness is also present in several cardiovascular and @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity454 , and those with @entity731 often develop central artery stiffness. Decreased carotid distensibility, increased arterial thickness, and presence of calcifications and plaques often coexist in the same subject. However, relationships between these three alterations of the arterial wall remain to be explored.

title: Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and XXXX on @entity432 : clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 1']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Age is the main clinical determinant of large artery stiffness. Central arteries stiffen progressively with age, whereas peripheral muscular arteries change little with age. A number of clinical studies have analyzed the effects of age on @entity2333 . Increase of central artery stiffness with age is responsible for earlier wave reflections and changes in pressure wave contours. The stiffening of aorta and other central arteries is a potential risk factor for increased @entity65 and mortality. Arterial stiffening with aging is accompanied by an elevation in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). Although arterial stiffening with age is a common situation, it has now been confirmed that older subjects with increased @entity432 and elevated PP have higher @entity65 and mortality. Increase in @entity2333 with age occurs gradually and continuously, similarly for @entity1 and @entity1 . Cross-sectional studies have shown that aortic and carotid stiffness (evaluated by the pulse wave velocity) increase with age by approximately 10% to 15% during a period of 10 years. @entity1 always have 5% to 10% lower stiffness than @entity1 of the same age. Although large artery stiffness increases with age independently of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or other associated conditions, the extent of this increase may depend on several environmental or genetic factors. @entity101 may increase @entity432 , especially in older subjects. Among other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1723 and 2 accelerates @entity432 , whereas the role of @entity2299 and @entity286 smoking is unclear. Arterial stiffness is also present in several cardiovascular and @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity454 , and those with @entity731 often develop central artery stiffness. Decreased carotid distensibility, increased arterial thickness, and presence of calcifications and plaques often coexist in the same subject. However, relationships between these three alterations of the arterial wall remain to be explored.

title: Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and @entity8 on XXXX : clinical applications.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: We previously reported the production of a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize glycoproteins abnormally expressed in @entity1 @entity0 . Using two of these antibodies, a double antibody radioimmunoassay was designed to quantify levels of these @entity0 marker glycoproteins in serum. Marker levels greater than 28 units were considered abnormal. Using this criterion, 63% and 75% of @entity1 with @entity0 stages I and II, respectively, and 88% of those with @entity3 were found to have elevated marker levels. Thirteen percent of @entity1 with non-malignant @entity1558 also had elevated marker levels. Elevated marker levels were also detected in @entity1 with non @entity0 . One hundred and eleven @entity1 with @entity3 were followed. Eighty-two percent of those with progressive disease and 73% of those where disease regressed had 20% changes in marker levels. These changes in marker levels preceded by up to 6 months changes in disease state. From these results we conclude that this assay may be useful for monitoring the course of disease in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Double antibody radioimmunoassay for monitoring metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumour', 'breast neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity2299 , cigarette smoking, and @entity101 . The @entity2299 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity412 levels (73% of Turkish @entity1 and 94% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity301 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity301 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity1 with @entity301 or free of @entity301 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity1 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity1 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity165 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity1 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity233 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing @entity2299 in XXXX : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity2299 , cigarette smoking, and @entity101 . The @entity2299 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity412 levels (73% of Turkish @entity1 and 94% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity301 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity301 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity1 with @entity301 or free of @entity301 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity1 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity1 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity165 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity1 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity233 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing XXXX in @entity233 : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein @entity165 .

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Based on data from the Turkish Society of Cardiology and others, it is established that Turks have a high prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Several risk factors are prominent in Turks: @entity2299 , cigarette smoking, and @entity101 . The @entity2299 is unique in that very low levels of HDL-C and typically "normal" LDL-C levels characterize the Turkish population. The low HDL-C levels appear to be genetic in origin and are largely independent of high @entity412 levels (73% of Turkish @entity1 and 94% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels <150 mg/dl; only 15% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 with HDL-C <40 mg/dl have @entity412 levels >200 mg/dl). HDL-C levels are 10-15% mg/dl lower in Turks than seen in the United States or western Europe. Low HDL-C is a major risk factor; @entity301 risk increases 2-4% for every 1 mg/dl decrease in HDL-C levels. Existing treatment guidelines focus on plasma LDL-C levels and fail to take into account the continuous increase in @entity301 risk that occurs as HDL-C levels decrease. However, several studies show that @entity1 with @entity301 or free of @entity301 but with multiple risk factors, who have low HDL-C and near optimal LDL-C, benefit very significantly from lipid-lowering therapy. Many of these @entity1 with low HDL-C levels do not qualify for drug therapy based on existing guidelines. Therefore, we believe that unique guidelines must be developed to guide the treatment of low HDL-C Turkish @entity1 . We suggest that treatment based on both the LDL-C level and the total @entity165 /HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) ratio is the best way to address treatment of @entity1 with low HDL-C levels. The most effective drug treatment available presently in @entity233 relies on lowering LDL-C levels to optimize the TC/HDL-C ratio.

title: Managing @entity2299 in @entity233 : suggested guidelines for a population characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein XXXX .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 remains the leading cause of @entity204 in the United States. The association between serum @entity2313 and @entity65 remains controversial. We used data collected prospectively from @entity1 of the Framingham Offspring Study to assess whether a lower concentration of serum @entity2313 was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: During 21.9 years of mean follow-up, 280 cases of @entity583 occurred. From the highest to the lowest tertile of serum @entity2313 , crude incidence rates of @entity583 were 26.7, 46.7, and 67.8 cases per 10 000 @entity1 -years, respectively, for @entity1 and 5.9, 15.0, and 16.8 cases per 10 000 @entity1 -years, respectively, for @entity1 . In a Mantel-Haenszel method adjusting for age, total @entity165 , and @entity101 , lower serum @entity2313 was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 in both sexes. From the highest to the lowest tertile of @entity2313 , the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of @entity583 were 1.0 (reference), 1.25 (0.84 to 1.84), and 1.49 (1.01 to 2.21), respectively, for @entity1 and 1.0, 1.79 (0.88 to 3.65), and 2.12 (1.06 to 4.27), respectively, for @entity1 . The @entity2313 - @entity583 association was stronger among @entity101 subjects in both sexes. In addition, low @entity2313 was associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum @entity2313 concentrations appear to be associated with an increased risk of @entity301 in both sexes and with all-cause mortality in @entity1 and could help along with traditional risk factors in identifying @entity1 at risk of @entity583 .

title: Serum XXXX and risk of @entity583 and all-cause mortality in the Framingham Offspring Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'Coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 remains the leading cause of @entity204 in the United States. The association between serum @entity2313 and @entity65 remains controversial. We used data collected prospectively from @entity1 of the Framingham Offspring Study to assess whether a lower concentration of serum @entity2313 was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: During 21.9 years of mean follow-up, 280 cases of @entity583 occurred. From the highest to the lowest tertile of serum @entity2313 , crude incidence rates of @entity583 were 26.7, 46.7, and 67.8 cases per 10 000 @entity1 -years, respectively, for @entity1 and 5.9, 15.0, and 16.8 cases per 10 000 @entity1 -years, respectively, for @entity1 . In a Mantel-Haenszel method adjusting for age, total @entity165 , and @entity101 , lower serum @entity2313 was associated with an increased risk of @entity583 in both sexes. From the highest to the lowest tertile of @entity2313 , the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of @entity583 were 1.0 (reference), 1.25 (0.84 to 1.84), and 1.49 (1.01 to 2.21), respectively, for @entity1 and 1.0, 1.79 (0.88 to 3.65), and 2.12 (1.06 to 4.27), respectively, for @entity1 . The @entity2313 - @entity583 association was stronger among @entity101 subjects in both sexes. In addition, low @entity2313 was associated with an increased rate of all-cause mortality in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum @entity2313 concentrations appear to be associated with an increased risk of @entity301 in both sexes and with all-cause mortality in @entity1 and could help along with traditional risk factors in identifying @entity1 at risk of @entity583 .

title: Serum @entity2313 and risk of XXXX and all-cause mortality in the Framingham Offspring Study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) and T ( @entity10020 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity204 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity454 @entity1 and measured for @entity6949 and @entity10020 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity453 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity1 had an increased @entity10020 versus @entity6949 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity10020 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity6949 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity10020 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity6949 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity204 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity10020 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity6949 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity453 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity10020 and @entity6949 in @entity454 @entity1 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity1 having an increased @entity10020 .

title: Predictive value of @entity6949 and T for subsequent XXXX in @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) and T ( @entity10020 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity204 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity454 @entity1 and measured for @entity6949 and @entity10020 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity453 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity1 had an increased @entity10020 versus @entity6949 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity10020 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity6949 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity10020 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity6949 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity204 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity10020 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity6949 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity453 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity10020 and @entity6949 in @entity454 @entity1 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity1 having an increased @entity10020 .

title: Predictive value of @entity6949 and T for subsequent @entity204 in XXXX .

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study determined the prevalence of increased @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) and T ( @entity10020 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 and whether an increased troponin was predictive of @entity204 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Serum was obtained from 733 @entity454 @entity1 and measured for @entity6949 and @entity10020 . Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and @entity453 . Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of @entity1 had an increased @entity10020 versus @entity6949 at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal @entity10020 was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for @entity6949 . Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in @entity10020 from normal (<0.01 microg/L, 8.4%) to small (> or =0.01 to <0.04 microg/L, 26%), moderate (> or =0.04 to <0.1 microg/L, 39%), and large (> or =0.1 microg/L, 47%) increases. Two-year mortalities were 30% for @entity6949 <0.1 microg/L and 52% if > or =0.1 microg/L. Univariate and adjusted relative risks of @entity204 associated with elevated (>99th percentile) @entity10020 were 5.0 (CI, 2.5 to 10; P<0.001) and 3.9 (CI, 1.9 to7.9; P<0.001) and @entity6949 were 2.0 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.008) and 2.1 (CI, 1.3 to 3.3; P=0.007). Age, @entity453 , and time on dialysis were also independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity10020 and @entity6949 in @entity454 @entity1 show a 2- to 5-fold increase in mortality, with a greater number of @entity1 having an increased @entity10020 .

title: Predictive value of XXXX and T for subsequent @entity204 in @entity454 .

answer: @entity6949 :: (7137,Gene) :: ['cardiac troponin I']


abstract: The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and @entity130 . However, many preventable @entity130 and @entity204 still occur. Barriers to progress in @entity5281 prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of @entity204 has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker @entity204 from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community.

title: XXXX prevention research: progress and priorities.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['Occupational injury']


abstract: AIMS: It has been suggested that @entity1 with T1-2 @entity0 and sentinel node (SLN) micrometastases, defined as foci of @entity5 cells smaller than 2 mm, may be spared completion axillary lymph node dissection because of the low incidence of further @entity3 . To gain insight into the extent of non-sentinel lymph node (n-SLN) involvement, SLNs and complementary axillary clearance specimens in @entity1 with SLN micrometastases were examined. METHODS: A set of 32 @entity1 with SLN micrometastases was selected on the basis of pathology reports and review of SLNs. Five hundred and thirteen n-SLNs from the axillary clearance specimens were serially sectioned and analysed by means of immunohistochemistry for @entity3 . Lymph node @entity3 were grouped as macrometastases (> 2 mm), and micrometastases (< 2 mm), and further subdivided as @entity5 cells (ITCs) or clusters. RESULTS: In 11 of 32 @entity1 , one or more n-SLN was involved. Grade 3 @entity5 and @entity5 > 2 cm (T2-3 v T1) were significantly associated with n-SLN micrometastases as clusters (grade: odds ratio (OR), 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 50.0; size: T2-3 @entity5 v T1: OR, 15; 95% CI, 2.18 to 103.0). However, no subgroup of @entity5 with regard to size and grade was identified that did not have n-SLN @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity0 and SLN micrometastases, n-SLN involvement is relatively common. The incidence of metastatic clusters in n-SLN is greatly increased in @entity1 with T2-3 @entity5 and grade 3 @entity5 . Therefore, axillary lymph node dissection is especially warranted in these @entity1 . However, because n-SLN @entity3 also occur in T1 and low grade @entity5 , even these should be subjected to routine axillary dissection to achieve local control.

title: Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in @entity1 with XXXX and sentinel node micrometastasis; too early to abandon axillary clearance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: It has been suggested that @entity1 with T1-2 @entity0 and sentinel node (SLN) micrometastases, defined as foci of @entity5 cells smaller than 2 mm, may be spared completion axillary lymph node dissection because of the low incidence of further @entity3 . To gain insight into the extent of non-sentinel lymph node (n-SLN) involvement, SLNs and complementary axillary clearance specimens in @entity1 with SLN micrometastases were examined. METHODS: A set of 32 @entity1 with SLN micrometastases was selected on the basis of pathology reports and review of SLNs. Five hundred and thirteen n-SLNs from the axillary clearance specimens were serially sectioned and analysed by means of immunohistochemistry for @entity3 . Lymph node @entity3 were grouped as macrometastases (> 2 mm), and micrometastases (< 2 mm), and further subdivided as @entity5 cells (ITCs) or clusters. RESULTS: In 11 of 32 @entity1 , one or more n-SLN was involved. Grade 3 @entity5 and @entity5 > 2 cm (T2-3 v T1) were significantly associated with n-SLN micrometastases as clusters (grade: odds ratio (OR), 8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4 to 50.0; size: T2-3 @entity5 v T1: OR, 15; 95% CI, 2.18 to 103.0). However, no subgroup of @entity5 with regard to size and grade was identified that did not have n-SLN @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity0 and SLN micrometastases, n-SLN involvement is relatively common. The incidence of metastatic clusters in n-SLN is greatly increased in @entity1 with T2-3 @entity5 and grade 3 @entity5 . Therefore, axillary lymph node dissection is especially warranted in these @entity1 . However, because n-SLN @entity3 also occur in T1 and low grade @entity5 , even these should be subjected to routine axillary dissection to achieve local control.

title: Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in XXXX with @entity0 and sentinel node micrometastasis; too early to abandon axillary clearance.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: One of the limitations of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is @entity189 ( @entity189 ) from @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). It has been proposed that the presence of myoepithelial cells overlying epithelial malignant cell clusters suggests @entity3821 . However, the recognition of myoepithelial cells in aspirates may be difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate a new nuclear myoepithelial cell marker, @entity4206 , a @entity876 homologue nuclear transcription factor, in a series of breast FNABs in an attempt to distinguish @entity189 from @entity3821 . METHODS: Papanicolaou stained smears from eight cases of pure @entity3821 and 15 cases of pure @entity189 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis were submitted to immunocytochemical analysis using the antibody 4A4 against @entity4206 . Two pathologists evaluated the presence of @entity4206 positive cells overlying malignant cell clusters and admixed with malignant cells. The frequency of @entity4206 positive cells in @entity3821 and @entity189 was compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: @entity4206 consistently stained the nuclei of myoepithelial cells, either overlying malignant cell clusters and/or admixed with malignant cells. @entity4206 positive myoepithelial cells were seen in all @entity3821 cases and in nine of the 15 cases of @entity189 (p = 0.0375). In eight cases (three @entity3821 and five @entity189 ), scattered @entity4206 + epithelial malignant cells were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4206 positive myoepithelial cells are found more frequently in @entity3821 cases, their presence cannot be used as a criterion to rule out invasion in breast FNABs because they are present in up to 60% of invasive cases.

title: XXXX Staining of myoepithelial cells in breast fine needle aspirates: a study of its role in differentiating in situ from invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['in distinguishing invasive carcinoma', 'IDC']

answer: @entity4206 :: (8626,Gene) :: ['p63']


abstract: AIMS: To describe and revise a flow cytometric assay for evaluating @entity4910 overexpression in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs). METHODS: @entity4910 expression was evaluated in 11 healthy controls and 51 @entity1 with B-LPD by flow cytometry using the 5D4 monoclonal antibody. In 25 cases, experiments were repeated up to four times with mononuclear cells (MNC) fixed in @entity1068 for 1-120 days to evaluate the consistency of @entity4910 expression. Flow cytometry results were compared with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for the t(11;14) translocation in 19 @entity1 and with immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the DCS-6 monoclonal antibody in nine @entity1 . RESULTS: A mean fluorescence intensity ratio (MFIR) of 4.8 was defined as the cut off point for positivity based on @entity4910 expression in healthy controls (mean + 3 SD). Ten @entity1 overexpressed @entity4910 by flow cytometry. These included five of eight @entity1 with @entity1073 , four of 19 with @entity6444 , and one with @entity706 . MFIR in the repeat experiments differed less than 25% in 20 of 25 @entity1 and in no cases did it cross the cut off point. There was a good correlation between @entity4910 expression by flow cytometry and FISH for t(11;14) in 15 of 19 @entity1 and six of nine had concordant results with flow cytometry, FISH, and IHC. CONCLUSION: @entity4910 expression remains fairly stable once MNC are fixed in @entity1068 and the flow cytometric assay can be used for the routine screening of B-LPD. Further comparisons between flow cytometry, IHC, and FISH may be needed to ascertain the diagnostic value of the flow cytometric assay.

title: Detection of XXXX in B cell lymphoproliferative disorders by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: Terminal cell differentiation usually results in an irreversible arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and loss of cell renewal ability. @entity1 @entity2799 HL-60 cells induced with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and accumulate in G1. We determined the effect of @entity865 on the growth kinetics of a @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (KOPM-28), which developed several of the characteristics of megakaryocytes in response to @entity865 , such as the surface antigen complex IIb/IIIa, platelet peroxidase and polyploidy. Cell growth was immediately and completely inhibited by @entity865 . Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content revealed a gradual decrease in cells in G1 and an accumulation of cells in G2. These data suggest that @entity865 prolonged G1 and rapidly arrested the cells in G2. Synchronized cells were utilized to further analyze the rapid G2 arrest. Cells arrested with aphidicolin at the G1/S interphase were released, and the effects of @entity865 (added at different intervals) on cell cycle progression were examined 14 h after release. The results showed that @entity865 added at the end of the S phase, as well as at the G1/S interphase incompletely but distinctly arrested cells in G2. Moreover, G2 arrest was observed when @entity865 was added to cells released from a colcemid-induced G2/M block, suggesting that cells already in G2 were inhibited by @entity865 from moving through M to G1. Since some cells became multi-nucleated in the course of incubation with @entity865 , this G2 accumulation may have resulted at least in part from a prolongation of the phase or a transient @entity616 . These changes in cell cycle progression induced by @entity865 may be characteristic of and/or related to megakaryocytic differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells.

title: Alteration of cell cycle progression in @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (KOPM-28) induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['promyelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: Terminal cell differentiation usually results in an irreversible arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and loss of cell renewal ability. @entity1 @entity2799 HL-60 cells induced with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and accumulate in G1. We determined the effect of @entity865 on the growth kinetics of a @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (KOPM-28), which developed several of the characteristics of megakaryocytes in response to @entity865 , such as the surface antigen complex IIb/IIIa, platelet peroxidase and polyploidy. Cell growth was immediately and completely inhibited by @entity865 . Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content revealed a gradual decrease in cells in G1 and an accumulation of cells in G2. These data suggest that @entity865 prolonged G1 and rapidly arrested the cells in G2. Synchronized cells were utilized to further analyze the rapid G2 arrest. Cells arrested with aphidicolin at the G1/S interphase were released, and the effects of @entity865 (added at different intervals) on cell cycle progression were examined 14 h after release. The results showed that @entity865 added at the end of the S phase, as well as at the G1/S interphase incompletely but distinctly arrested cells in G2. Moreover, G2 arrest was observed when @entity865 was added to cells released from a colcemid-induced G2/M block, suggesting that cells already in G2 were inhibited by @entity865 from moving through M to G1. Since some cells became multi-nucleated in the course of incubation with @entity865 , this G2 accumulation may have resulted at least in part from a prolongation of the phase or a transient @entity616 . These changes in cell cycle progression induced by @entity865 may be characteristic of and/or related to megakaryocytic differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells.

title: Alteration of cell cycle progression in @entity1 XXXX cell line (KOPM-28) induced by @entity864 .

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Terminal cell differentiation usually results in an irreversible arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and loss of cell renewal ability. @entity1 @entity2799 HL-60 cells induced with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and accumulate in G1. We determined the effect of @entity865 on the growth kinetics of a @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (KOPM-28), which developed several of the characteristics of megakaryocytes in response to @entity865 , such as the surface antigen complex IIb/IIIa, platelet peroxidase and polyploidy. Cell growth was immediately and completely inhibited by @entity865 . Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content revealed a gradual decrease in cells in G1 and an accumulation of cells in G2. These data suggest that @entity865 prolonged G1 and rapidly arrested the cells in G2. Synchronized cells were utilized to further analyze the rapid G2 arrest. Cells arrested with aphidicolin at the G1/S interphase were released, and the effects of @entity865 (added at different intervals) on cell cycle progression were examined 14 h after release. The results showed that @entity865 added at the end of the S phase, as well as at the G1/S interphase incompletely but distinctly arrested cells in G2. Moreover, G2 arrest was observed when @entity865 was added to cells released from a colcemid-induced G2/M block, suggesting that cells already in G2 were inhibited by @entity865 from moving through M to G1. Since some cells became multi-nucleated in the course of incubation with @entity865 , this G2 accumulation may have resulted at least in part from a prolongation of the phase or a transient @entity616 . These changes in cell cycle progression induced by @entity865 may be characteristic of and/or related to megakaryocytic differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells.

title: Alteration of cell cycle progression in XXXX @entity1778 cell line (KOPM-28) induced by @entity864 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of small (< or =1.0-cm in diameter) @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 (34 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 ) 21-89 years old (mean age, 61.3 years) with lung nodules 1.0 cm or smaller underwent CT-guided transthoracic FNAB. Fifty-seven of the 61 @entity1 had an underlying primary @entity5 . Maximum nodule diameters were 0.5-0.7 cm in 10 @entity1 and 0.8-1.0 cm in 51 @entity1 . Cytopathologic evaluation of FNAB samples was immediate in all @entity1 . Sensitivity and accuracy were calculated, and each case was reviewed for complications, including pneumothorax and thoracostomy tube insertion. Four @entity1 were not included in our statistical analysis because of a lack of follow-up information. RESULTS: FNAB samples were adequate for diagnosis in 47 (77%) of 61 @entity1 . Diagnoses were @entity5 (n = 29) or suspected @entity5 (n = 3) in 52% (n = 32) and benign or atypical findings in 25% (n = 15). Findings were nondiagnostic in 23% (n = 14). Of the 29 @entity1 without evidence of @entity5 , 25 had follow-up findings available. Follow-up included chest CT in 16 @entity1 and surgical resection in nine. Four @entity1 were not included in statistical analysis because of a lack of follow-up information. Overall sensitivity was 82% (32 of 39); specificity, 100% (18 of 18); and diagnostic accuracy, 88% (50 of 57) on the basis of 57 @entity1 being evaluable. Results for 47 0.8-1.0-cm lesions were considerably better (sensitivity, 88%; accuracy, 92%) than those for 10 0.5-0.7-cm lesions (sensitivity, 50%; accuracy, 70%). Sensitivity (75% vs 87%) and accuracy (87% vs 89%) also improved when comparing subpleural (< or =1.0 cm from pleural surface, n = 30) with deeper (>1 cm from pleural surface, n = 27) @entity358 , but the improvement did not indicate statistical significance. Core biopsy did not reveal @entity5 in any of the nine @entity1 in whom preliminary cytologic results were inconclusive and did not improve diagnostic yield. Thirty-eight (62%) @entity1 had pneumothorax, with 19 (31%) requiring thoracostomy tube placement. CONCLUSION: CT-guided FNAB of @entity358 1.0 cm or smaller can yield high diagnostic accuracy rates approaching those of larger lesions; FNAB of 0.8-1.0-cm lesions that are not subpleural offers the best opportunity for success.

title: CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of small (< or =1-cm) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lesions']