abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging is associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory challenge. However, the effects of altered inflammatory response on the metabolic status of tissues or organs are not well documented. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway is accompanied with an increased inflammatory response and abnormal lipid accumulation in livers of aged @entity35 . To monitor the effects of aging on LPS-induced @entity32 , we administered LPS (2  mg  kg(-1) ) to young (6-month old) and aged (24-month old) @entity35 and found abnormal lipid metabolism in only aged @entity35 with increased lipid accumulation in the liver. This lipid accumulation in the liver was due to the dysregulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . We also observed severe @entity409 in aged @entity35 as indicated by increased ALT levels in serum and increased Kupffer cells in the liver. Importantly, among many @entity32 -associated factors, the aged @entity35 liver showed chronically increased @entity3426 production. Increased levels of @entity3426 were caused by the upregulation of @entity7268 activity and inflammasome activation. In vitro studies with HepG2 cells demonstrated that treatment with @entity3426 significantly induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through the regulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . In summary, we demonstrated that @entity99 and lipid accumulation were associated with a chronically overactive inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway in aged @entity35 livers. Based on the present findings, we propose a mechanism of aging-associated progression of @entity1560 induced by endotoxin, delineating a pathogenic role of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway involved in lipid accumulation in the liver.

title: Age-related sensitivity to endotoxin-induced XXXX : Implication of inflammasome/ @entity3426 for @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['LPS-induced liver inflammation']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging is associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory challenge. However, the effects of altered inflammatory response on the metabolic status of tissues or organs are not well documented. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway is accompanied with an increased inflammatory response and abnormal lipid accumulation in livers of aged @entity35 . To monitor the effects of aging on LPS-induced @entity32 , we administered LPS (2  mg  kg(-1) ) to young (6-month old) and aged (24-month old) @entity35 and found abnormal lipid metabolism in only aged @entity35 with increased lipid accumulation in the liver. This lipid accumulation in the liver was due to the dysregulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . We also observed severe @entity409 in aged @entity35 as indicated by increased ALT levels in serum and increased Kupffer cells in the liver. Importantly, among many @entity32 -associated factors, the aged @entity35 liver showed chronically increased @entity3426 production. Increased levels of @entity3426 were caused by the upregulation of @entity7268 activity and inflammasome activation. In vitro studies with HepG2 cells demonstrated that treatment with @entity3426 significantly induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through the regulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . In summary, we demonstrated that @entity99 and lipid accumulation were associated with a chronically overactive inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway in aged @entity35 livers. Based on the present findings, we propose a mechanism of aging-associated progression of @entity1560 induced by endotoxin, delineating a pathogenic role of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway involved in lipid accumulation in the liver.

title: Age-related sensitivity to endotoxin-induced @entity409 : Implication of inflammasome/ @entity3426 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatohepatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging is associated with increased vulnerability to inflammatory challenge. However, the effects of altered inflammatory response on the metabolic status of tissues or organs are not well documented. In this study, we present evidence demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway is accompanied with an increased inflammatory response and abnormal lipid accumulation in livers of aged @entity35 . To monitor the effects of aging on LPS-induced @entity32 , we administered LPS (2  mg  kg(-1) ) to young (6-month old) and aged (24-month old) @entity35 and found abnormal lipid metabolism in only aged @entity35 with increased lipid accumulation in the liver. This lipid accumulation in the liver was due to the dysregulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . We also observed severe @entity409 in aged @entity35 as indicated by increased ALT levels in serum and increased Kupffer cells in the liver. Importantly, among many @entity32 -associated factors, the aged @entity35 liver showed chronically increased @entity3426 production. Increased levels of @entity3426 were caused by the upregulation of @entity7268 activity and inflammasome activation. In vitro studies with HepG2 cells demonstrated that treatment with @entity3426 significantly induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through the regulation of @entity3725 and @entity37850 . In summary, we demonstrated that @entity99 and lipid accumulation were associated with a chronically overactive inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway in aged @entity35 livers. Based on the present findings, we propose a mechanism of aging-associated progression of @entity1560 induced by endotoxin, delineating a pathogenic role of the inflammasome/ @entity3426 pathway involved in lipid accumulation in the liver.

title: Age-related sensitivity to endotoxin-induced @entity409 : Implication of inflammasome/ XXXX for @entity1560 .

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: The controversy surrounding the interpretation of observed increases in the high spontaneous @entity96 incidence of the B6C3F1 @entity19 after administration of certain chemical agents necessitates a mechanistic understanding into the nature of @entity5 development in this particular strain of @entity19 . Recently, @entity5 genes (oncogenes) have been detected in the DNA from a variety of @entity1 @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines. These genes have been implicated to play a role in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones. To investigate the role that cellular oncogenes might play in the development of spontaneous @entity96 in the B6C3F1 @entity19 , DNA was isolated from spontaneously occurring @entity96 and transfected into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. DNA from this @entity5 tissue was capable of transforming NIH 3T3 cells from 82% of the animals examined strongly suggesting the presence of an active cellular oncogene. In contrast, DNA isolated from surrounding non-tumorous liver tissue and liver tissue from non- @entity5 bearing @entity19 did not cause any transformation in the NIH 3T3 assay. These data demonstrate that the active cellular oncogene is not present in the hepatic tissue via a germ-line transmission but is activated only in those cells of the @entity5 tissue. Experiments using Southern blot hybridization analysis have identified this active cellular oncogene to be a member of the ras oncogene family. Identification of this cellular oncogene will now allow the evaluation of factors which might modify its expression. These future studies will lead to an increased understanding of potential mechanisms by which @entity99 are enhanced and should provide more informed estimates of risk for @entity1 based on bioassay data generated in this strain of @entity19 .

title: Activation of a cellular proto-oncogene in spontaneous XXXX tissue of the B6C3F1 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: The controversy surrounding the interpretation of observed increases in the high spontaneous @entity96 incidence of the B6C3F1 @entity19 after administration of certain chemical agents necessitates a mechanistic understanding into the nature of @entity5 development in this particular strain of @entity19 . Recently, @entity5 genes (oncogenes) have been detected in the DNA from a variety of @entity1 @entity5 and @entity5 cell lines. These genes have been implicated to play a role in the transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones. To investigate the role that cellular oncogenes might play in the development of spontaneous @entity96 in the B6C3F1 @entity19 , DNA was isolated from spontaneously occurring @entity96 and transfected into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. DNA from this @entity5 tissue was capable of transforming NIH 3T3 cells from 82% of the animals examined strongly suggesting the presence of an active cellular oncogene. In contrast, DNA isolated from surrounding non-tumorous liver tissue and liver tissue from non- @entity5 bearing @entity19 did not cause any transformation in the NIH 3T3 assay. These data demonstrate that the active cellular oncogene is not present in the hepatic tissue via a germ-line transmission but is activated only in those cells of the @entity5 tissue. Experiments using Southern blot hybridization analysis have identified this active cellular oncogene to be a member of the ras oncogene family. Identification of this cellular oncogene will now allow the evaluation of factors which might modify its expression. These future studies will lead to an increased understanding of potential mechanisms by which @entity99 are enhanced and should provide more informed estimates of risk for @entity1 based on bioassay data generated in this strain of @entity19 .

title: Activation of a cellular proto-oncogene in spontaneous @entity96 tissue of the B6C3F1 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux can cause high acidity in the esophagus and trigger heartburn and @entity158 . However, because of the esophageal mucosal barrier, the acidity at the nerve terminals of @entity158 -mediating C-fibers in esophageal mucosa is predicted to be substantially lower. We hypothesized that the esophageal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) C-fibers are activated by mild acid (compared to acidic reflux), and express receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid. METHODS: Extracellular single unit recordings of activity originating in esophageal DRG @entity7183 nerve terminals were performed in the innervated esophagus preparation ex vivo. Acid was delivered in a manner that bypassed the esophageal mucosal barrier. The expression of mRNA for selected receptors in esophagus-specific DRG neurons was evaluated using single cell RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: Mild acid (pH = 6.5-5.5) activated esophageal DRG C-fibers in a pH-dependent manner. The response to mild acid at pH = 6 was not affected by the @entity31592 selective antagonist @entity54049 . The majority (70-95%) of esophageal DRG @entity7183 neurons ( @entity31592 -positive) expressed mRNA for acid sensing ion channels (ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2b, and/or ASIC3), two-pore-domain (K2P) @entity972 channel TASK1, and the proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor OGR1. Other evaluated targets (PKD2L1, TRPV4, TASK3, TALK1, @entity47112 , GPR4, and TDAG8) were expressed rarely. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: @entity840 esophageal DRG C-fibers are activated by mild acid via a @entity31592 -independent mechanism, and express mRNA for several receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid. The high acid sensitivity of esophageal C-fibers may contribute to heartburn and @entity158 in conditions of reduced mucosal barrier function.

title: Acid sensitivity of the spinal dorsal root ganglia @entity7183 nociceptors innervating the XXXX esophagus.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity54049 :: ('MESH:C468130', 'Chemical') :: ['iodo-resiniferatoxin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux can cause high acidity in the esophagus and trigger heartburn and @entity158 . However, because of the esophageal mucosal barrier, the acidity at the nerve terminals of @entity158 -mediating C-fibers in esophageal mucosa is predicted to be substantially lower. We hypothesized that the esophageal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) C-fibers are activated by mild acid (compared to acidic reflux), and express receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid. METHODS: Extracellular single unit recordings of activity originating in esophageal DRG @entity7183 nerve terminals were performed in the innervated esophagus preparation ex vivo. Acid was delivered in a manner that bypassed the esophageal mucosal barrier. The expression of mRNA for selected receptors in esophagus-specific DRG neurons was evaluated using single cell RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS: Mild acid (pH = 6.5-5.5) activated esophageal DRG C-fibers in a pH-dependent manner. The response to mild acid at pH = 6 was not affected by the @entity31592 selective antagonist @entity54049 . The majority (70-95%) of esophageal DRG @entity7183 neurons ( @entity31592 -positive) expressed mRNA for acid sensing ion channels (ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2b, and/or ASIC3), two-pore-domain (K2P) @entity972 channel TASK1, and the proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor OGR1. Other evaluated targets (PKD2L1, TRPV4, TASK3, TALK1, @entity47112 , GPR4, and TDAG8) were expressed rarely. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: @entity840 esophageal DRG C-fibers are activated by mild acid via a @entity31592 -independent mechanism, and express mRNA for several receptors and ion channels highly sensitive to acid. The high acid sensitivity of esophageal C-fibers may contribute to heartburn and @entity158 in conditions of reduced mucosal barrier function.

title: Acid sensitivity of the spinal dorsal root ganglia XXXX nociceptors innervating the @entity840 esophagus.

answer: @entity7183 :: (10185,Species) :: ['C-fiber']


abstract: To investigate the potential role of platelets in the inhibition of megakaryocytopoiesis, freeze-thawed extracts of @entity1 platelets were added to serumless liquid cultures of @entity19 marrow. When @entity4360 ( @entity4360 ), a marker of megakaryocytic differentiation in @entity19 , was assayed, a significant inhibition of enzymatic activity was noted in cultures containing the equivalent of greater than 5 X 10(6) solubilized platelets per milliliter. Freeze-thawed extracts of granulocytes had significantly less inhibitory effect than did platelets. @entity4383 growth factor beta ( @entity641 ), a growth factor known to be inhibitory to some cell lineages and to be found at relatively high concentrations in platelets, was then added to liquid marrow cultures. A similar inhibition of @entity4360 activity was detected when cultures were stimulated with mitogen-stimulated conditioned medium. The effect was potent with 50% inhibition of @entity4360 activity observed at 4 pmol @entity641 /L. To determine if @entity641 inhibited specifically one aspect of megakaryocytic differentiation, the factor was added to isolated single megakaryocytes in serumless culture induced by @entity3019 ( @entity3019 ) to increase in size. The number of megakaryocytes increasing in size in response to @entity3019 exposure was reduced from 68% to 20% when both factors were simultaneously added to cultures. Colony assays showed that megakaryocytic and granulocyte-macrophage colony detection was inhibited at picomolar concentrations of the factor. These data suggest that @entity641 is a potent in vitro inhibitor of the @entity19 megakaryocytic lineage, although its effects are not limited to this lineage.

title: Type beta transforming growth factor is a potent inhibitor of XXXX megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase', 'AchE']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transforming']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Road traffic @entity130 account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and @entity130 requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the @entity1 body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in injury tolerance research to the characteristics of @entity130 occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of experimental injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight experimental injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower @entity130 , @entity764 , and injury to the elderly - although these @entity130 occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric @entity130 (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).

title: The tolerance of the XXXX body to automobile collision impact - a systematic review of injury biomechanics research, 1990-2009.

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury types still', 'injuries', 'extremity injury', 'injury and physiological injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling following acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has prognostic importance. We aimed to predict 90-day left ventricular (LV) function following acute @entity583 using variables from clinical presentation, biomarkers, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for anterior @entity583 as part of the Selective Inhibition of Delta-protein Kinase C for the Reduction of @entity1188 Size in Acute @entity583 (PROTECTION-AMI) trial were enrolled into the CMR sub-study at selected sites. CMR was performed at baseline (days 3 to 5) and 90 days and used to evaluate @entity1188 size, myocardial salvage index, @entity1188 heterogeneity, @entity3885 and global LV function. Biochemical markers including @entity1011 kinase area under the curve (CK AUC), peak CK, peak CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) and AUC, and troponin I were collected at specific time-points. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 were enrolled in the CMR sub study and 85 completed the 90-day follow-up, across 24 centres worldwide. LV ejection fraction (EF) was 56% (46-63%) at baseline and 60% (49-67%) at 90 days (p<0.001). @entity1188 size had moderate inverse correlation with 90-day EF (Spearman's rho=-0.7, p < 0.001) and had the strongest correlation when compared to myocardial salvage index (Spearman's rho=0.5, p=0.001), @entity1188 heterogeneity (Spearman's rho=-0.4, p=0.02 or @entity3885 (Spearman's rho=-0.4, p<0.001). All biochemical markers had similar moderate relationship to LVEF at 90 days (Spearman's rho -0.6 to -0.8, p=0.001). In a multivariable model, only baseline LVEF, CMR @entity1188 size and @entity1188 heterogeneity independently predicted 90-day LVEF. CONCLUSION: This study reports findings of a combined CMR protocol (including @entity296 imaging) in a multi-centre, multi-vendor setting. We found @entity1188 size, @entity1188 heterogeneity and myocardial salvage index correlated favourably with 90-day LVEF, however only the former two were independently predictive.

title: Utility of CMR Markers of XXXX in Predicting LV Functional Recovery: Results from PROTECTION AMI CMR sub-study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial oedema']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) mostly occurs in @entity1 as a result of entrapment of the leg in the bicycle spokes. No guideline or protocol exists that defines what type of radiography is indicated to diagnose or rule out a @entity174 commonly associated with these injuries. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the type of radiographs that are obtained in @entity1 with @entity130 , (2) to assess in which anatomical regions @entity174 occur and (3) to evaluate on which radiographs a @entity174 can be detected in @entity1 with @entity130 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in paediatric @entity1 presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) of a university hospital with a paediatric surgery department between June 2008 and December 2013. RESULTS: In 99 of the 320 @entity1 (31.4%) evaluated with radiography following @entity130 a @entity174 was diagnosed. In almost two third of the @entity1 (63%) radiographic imaging of two or more anatomical regions was performed. In 98 @entity1 (99%) the @entity174 was located at the distal tibia or fibula. All @entity174 were diagnosed on a radiograph of the ankle or lower leg (including the ankle region). No @entity174 of the foot were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: We suggest that in @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of a @entity174 at the ankle region, in which no @entity174 is seen at the radiograph of the ankle, no additional radiographs are necessary.

title: Plain radiography in @entity1 with spoke XXXX : A retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['BSI', 'Bicycle spoke injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['wheel injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) mostly occurs in @entity1 as a result of entrapment of the leg in the bicycle spokes. No guideline or protocol exists that defines what type of radiography is indicated to diagnose or rule out a @entity174 commonly associated with these injuries. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the type of radiographs that are obtained in @entity1 with @entity130 , (2) to assess in which anatomical regions @entity174 occur and (3) to evaluate on which radiographs a @entity174 can be detected in @entity1 with @entity130 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in paediatric @entity1 presenting at the Emergency Department (ED) of a university hospital with a paediatric surgery department between June 2008 and December 2013. RESULTS: In 99 of the 320 @entity1 (31.4%) evaluated with radiography following @entity130 a @entity174 was diagnosed. In almost two third of the @entity1 (63%) radiographic imaging of two or more anatomical regions was performed. In 98 @entity1 (99%) the @entity174 was located at the distal tibia or fibula. All @entity174 were diagnosed on a radiograph of the ankle or lower leg (including the ankle region). No @entity174 of the foot were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: We suggest that in @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of a @entity174 at the ankle region, in which no @entity174 is seen at the radiograph of the ankle, no additional radiographs are necessary.

title: Plain radiography in XXXX with spoke @entity130 : A retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous work on the association between maternal @entity565 and @entity600 was based on cohorts formed by @entity1 with public drug insurance, i.e., over-represented by @entity1 with lower socioeconomic status, questioning the generalizability of our findings. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not drug insurance status, as a proxy of socioeconomic status, is an effect modifier for the association between maternal @entity565 and major @entity600 . METHODS: A cohort of 36,587 pregnancies from @entity748 @entity1 and 198,935 pregnancies from nonasthmatic @entity1 selected independently of their drug insurance status was reconstructed with Qu  bec administrative databases (1998-2009). Asthmatic @entity1 were identified using a validated case definition of @entity565 . Cases of major @entity600 were identified using diagnostic codes recorded in the hospitalization database. Drug insurance status at the beginning of pregnancy was classified into three groups: publicly insured with social welfare, publicly insured without social welfare, and privately insured. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated with generalized estimation equations, including an interaction term between maternal @entity565 and drug insurance status. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity600 was 6.8% among @entity748 @entity1 and 5.8% among nonasthmatics. The impact of @entity565 on the prevalence of @entity600 was significantly greater in @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare (odds ratio   =   1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.61) than in the other two groups ([odds ratio   =   1.10; 1.00-1.21] in the publicly insured without social welfare and [odds ratio   =   1.13; 1.07-1.20] in the privately insured group). CONCLUSION: The increased risk of major @entity600 associated with @entity565 was significantly higher among pregnant @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare than among those privately insured. As a result of this effect modification by drug insurance status, findings from Qu  bec observational studies using databases mainly formed of @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare may not be generalized to the entire population.

title: Is drug insurance status an effect modifier in epidemiologic database studies? The case of maternal @entity565 and major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'congenital malformation']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous work on the association between maternal @entity565 and @entity600 was based on cohorts formed by @entity1 with public drug insurance, i.e., over-represented by @entity1 with lower socioeconomic status, questioning the generalizability of our findings. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not drug insurance status, as a proxy of socioeconomic status, is an effect modifier for the association between maternal @entity565 and major @entity600 . METHODS: A cohort of 36,587 pregnancies from @entity748 @entity1 and 198,935 pregnancies from nonasthmatic @entity1 selected independently of their drug insurance status was reconstructed with Qu  bec administrative databases (1998-2009). Asthmatic @entity1 were identified using a validated case definition of @entity565 . Cases of major @entity600 were identified using diagnostic codes recorded in the hospitalization database. Drug insurance status at the beginning of pregnancy was classified into three groups: publicly insured with social welfare, publicly insured without social welfare, and privately insured. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated with generalized estimation equations, including an interaction term between maternal @entity565 and drug insurance status. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity600 was 6.8% among @entity748 @entity1 and 5.8% among nonasthmatics. The impact of @entity565 on the prevalence of @entity600 was significantly greater in @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare (odds ratio   =   1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.61) than in the other two groups ([odds ratio   =   1.10; 1.00-1.21] in the publicly insured without social welfare and [odds ratio   =   1.13; 1.07-1.20] in the privately insured group). CONCLUSION: The increased risk of major @entity600 associated with @entity565 was significantly higher among pregnant @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare than among those privately insured. As a result of this effect modification by drug insurance status, findings from Qu  bec observational studies using databases mainly formed of @entity1 publicly insured with social welfare may not be generalized to the entire population.

title: Is drug insurance status an effect modifier in epidemiologic database studies? The case of maternal XXXX and major @entity600 .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diagnosing @entity4806 is challenging because of varied clinical presentation, nonspecific neuroimaging features, and rare confirmation of causality. We reviewed acute neuroimaging of @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity198 to identify findings that may correlate with etiology and length of stay. METHODS: Imaging of 141 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity198 as part of The @entity7452 Project from 2005 to 2012 at a single institution was reviewed to compare the extent of @entity854 to @entity1 age, gender, length of stay, and unknown, possible, or confirmed pathogen. Scan review was blinded and categorized by extent and distribution of abnormal findings. RESULTS: Abnormal findings were evident on 23% (22/94) of computed tomography and 50% (67/134) of magnetic resonance imaging studies in the acute setting. Twenty @entity1 with normal admission computed tomography had abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging performed within 2  days. Length of stay was significantly longer among @entity1 with abnormal acute magnetic resonance imaging (P  <  0.001) and correlated with increased complexity (Spearman rho  =  0.4, P  <  0.001) categorized as: no imaging abnormality, meningeal enhancement and/or focal nonenhancing lesion, multifocal lesions, confluent lesions, and lesions plus diffusion restriction, @entity548 , or @entity1276 . There was no correlation between neuroimaging findings and an identifiable pathogen (P  =  0.8). CONCLUSION: Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings are more common than abnormal computed tomography findings in @entity4806 . Increasing complexity of magnetic resonance imaging findings correlated with disease severity as evidenced by longer length of stay, but were not specific for an identifiable pathogen using a standardized diagnostic @entity198 panel.

title: Acute @entity4806 neuroimaging: single-institution series as part of the XXXX project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neuroimaging abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California Encephalitis']

answer: @entity7452 :: (MESH:D004670,Disease) :: ['california encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diagnosing @entity4806 is challenging because of varied clinical presentation, nonspecific neuroimaging features, and rare confirmation of causality. We reviewed acute neuroimaging of @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity198 to identify findings that may correlate with etiology and length of stay. METHODS: Imaging of 141 @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity198 as part of The @entity7452 Project from 2005 to 2012 at a single institution was reviewed to compare the extent of @entity854 to @entity1 age, gender, length of stay, and unknown, possible, or confirmed pathogen. Scan review was blinded and categorized by extent and distribution of abnormal findings. RESULTS: Abnormal findings were evident on 23% (22/94) of computed tomography and 50% (67/134) of magnetic resonance imaging studies in the acute setting. Twenty @entity1 with normal admission computed tomography had abnormal findings on magnetic resonance imaging performed within 2  days. Length of stay was significantly longer among @entity1 with abnormal acute magnetic resonance imaging (P  <  0.001) and correlated with increased complexity (Spearman rho  =  0.4, P  <  0.001) categorized as: no imaging abnormality, meningeal enhancement and/or focal nonenhancing lesion, multifocal lesions, confluent lesions, and lesions plus diffusion restriction, @entity548 , or @entity1276 . There was no correlation between neuroimaging findings and an identifiable pathogen (P  =  0.8). CONCLUSION: Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings are more common than abnormal computed tomography findings in @entity4806 . Increasing complexity of magnetic resonance imaging findings correlated with disease severity as evidenced by longer length of stay, but were not specific for an identifiable pathogen using a standardized diagnostic @entity198 panel.

title: Acute XXXX neuroimaging: single-institution series as part of the @entity7452 project.

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric encephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of @entity1 epididymis protein 4 ( @entity3422 ) and @entity5 antigen 125 (CA 125) biomarkers in differential diagnosis of @entity5 in a population of Czech @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine at Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital in Brno. METHODS: Our prospective study includes 115 @entity1 with @entity4348 and 106 @entity1 with @entity5 in the control group. They were diagnosed with endometrial biopsy in the period from 7/2010 to 6/2013. The @entity1 with @entity5 underwent definitive surgical treatment to determine the stage of disease. The median and ranges of serum levels were determined in relation to the histological result (benign vs @entity5 ). Statistical analysis operates with logarithm values of markers because their distribution is not normal and uses logistic regression. RESULTS: While analysing two groups of @entity1 with different histology, there was demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), only in @entity3422 , by cut-off 48,5 pmol/l there was achieved sensitivity of 87.8%, specificity of 56.6% and negative predictive value of 81.1%.Coclusion: Diagnostic benefit of @entity3422 can be considered especially in @entity1 with increased risk of @entity1204 and in @entity1 with serious internal co-morbidities. @entity3422 could help in combination with clinical and ultrasound finding in the differentiation of prognostically various groups of @entity1 and in decision-making in relation to the individualization of the treatment plan. However, the optimal cut-off for @entity3422 has not been solved yet, and to do so, it will require more research with larger studies and their comparative analysis..

title: [The importance of XXXX in differential diagnosis of @entity1204 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign endometrial tumours', 'malignant disease', 'benign endometrial tumours', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3422 :: (10406,Gene) :: ['HE4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of @entity1 epididymis protein 4 ( @entity3422 ) and @entity5 antigen 125 (CA 125) biomarkers in differential diagnosis of @entity5 in a population of Czech @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine at Masaryk University and Faculty Hospital in Brno. METHODS: Our prospective study includes 115 @entity1 with @entity4348 and 106 @entity1 with @entity5 in the control group. They were diagnosed with endometrial biopsy in the period from 7/2010 to 6/2013. The @entity1 with @entity5 underwent definitive surgical treatment to determine the stage of disease. The median and ranges of serum levels were determined in relation to the histological result (benign vs @entity5 ). Statistical analysis operates with logarithm values of markers because their distribution is not normal and uses logistic regression. RESULTS: While analysing two groups of @entity1 with different histology, there was demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), only in @entity3422 , by cut-off 48,5 pmol/l there was achieved sensitivity of 87.8%, specificity of 56.6% and negative predictive value of 81.1%.Coclusion: Diagnostic benefit of @entity3422 can be considered especially in @entity1 with increased risk of @entity1204 and in @entity1 with serious internal co-morbidities. @entity3422 could help in combination with clinical and ultrasound finding in the differentiation of prognostically various groups of @entity1 and in decision-making in relation to the individualization of the treatment plan. However, the optimal cut-off for @entity3422 has not been solved yet, and to do so, it will require more research with larger studies and their comparative analysis..

title: [The importance of @entity3422 in differential diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To clarify the relationship between facility-level mammography interpretive volume and @entity0 screening outcomes. METHODS: We calculated annual mammography interpretive volumes from 2000-2009 for 116 facilities participating in the U.S. @entity0 Surveillance Consortium (BCSC). Radiology, pathology, @entity5 registry, and @entity1 's self-report information were used to determine the indication for each exam, @entity5 characteristics, and @entity1 characteristics. We examined the effect of annual total volume and percentage of mammograms that were screening on @entity5 detection rates using multinomial logistic regression adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, time since last mammogram, and BCSC registries. "Good prognosis" @entity5 were defined as screen-detected invasive @entity5 that were <15   mm, early stage, and lymph node negative at diagnosis. RESULTS: From 3,098,481 screening mammograms, 9,899 @entity5 were screen-detected within one year of the exam. Approximately 80% of facilities had annual total interpretive volumes of >2,000 mammograms, and 42% had >5,000. Higher total volume facilities were significantly more likely to diagnose invasive @entity5 with good prognoses (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.60, for total volume of 5,000-10,000/year v. 1,000-2,000/year; p-for-trend <0.001). A concomitant decrease in @entity5 with poor prognosis was seen (OR 0.78; 95%CI 0.63-0.98 for total volume of 5,000-10,000/year v. 1,000-2,000/year). CONCLUSIONS: Mammography facilities with higher total interpretive volumes detected more good prognosis invasive @entity5 and fewer poor prognosis invasive @entity5 , suggesting that @entity1 attending these facilities may be more likely to benefit from screening.

title: Facility Mammography Volume in Relation to XXXX Screening Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Two potential mechanisms leading to postural and osseous @entity85 after @entity5300 are @entity121 between functioning internal @entity717 and paralyzed external @entity717 and @entity851 of paralyzed muscles. Our goal was to evaluate the combined and isolated effects of these 2 mechanisms on transverse plane shoulder forces using a computational model of @entity9509 @entity2685 . METHODS: We modeled a @entity9509 injury using a computational musculoskeletal upper limb model. Muscles expected to be denervated by @entity9509 injury were classified as affected, with the remaining shoulder muscles classified as unaffected. To model @entity121 , affected muscles were given no resting tone whereas unaffected muscles were given resting tone at 30% of maximal activation. To model impaired growth, affected muscles were reduced in length by 30% compared with normal whereas unaffected muscles remained normal in length. Four scenarios were simulated: normal, @entity121 only, impaired growth only, and both @entity121 and impaired growth. Passive shoulder rotation range of motion and glenohumeral joint reaction forces were evaluated to assess postural and @entity85 . RESULTS: All impaired scenarios exhibited restricted range of motion and increased and posteriorly directed compressive glenohumeral joint forces. Individually, @entity121 caused worse restriction in range of motion and higher and more posteriorly directed glenohumeral forces than did @entity121 . Combined @entity121 and impaired growth caused the most restricted joint range of motion and the highest joint reaction force of all scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity121 and @entity851 contributed to range of motion and force changes consistent with clinically observed deformity, although the most substantial effects resulted from @entity121 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Simulations suggest that treatment strategies emphasizing treatment of @entity851 are warranted for @entity85 after @entity5300 .

title: Contributions of Muscle Imbalance and Impaired Growth to Postural and Osseous XXXX Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A  Computational Simulation Analysis.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['impaired longitudinal growth']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus birth palsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotators']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['osseous deformity', 'reducing deformity', 'shoulder deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle imbalance', 'impaired muscle growth']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Shoulder Deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) with three, monthly, intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections for refractory @entity1103 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative, interventional study. Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled and randomized in two groups. Twenty-two eyes enrolled in Group I received three IVB injections at monthly interval. Twenty-two eyes were enrolled in Group II which underwent @entity2286 with ILM removal. The primary outcomes measured were: (1) Best corrected logMAR visual acuity (BCVA) using Snellen's visual acuity chart. (2) Central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography. The secondary outcome measures were: Complication rates like (1) progression of @entity231 , (2) high intraocular pressure needing further treatment/procedure, (3) development of @entity548 related to the procedure employed, (4) @entity1713 and (5) severe @entity32 / @entity3225 . RESULTS: In Group I (IVB): 3 (13.6%) eyes showed no change in BCVA; 3 (13.6%) eyes reported decrease in BCVA and 16 (72.8%) eyes showed improvement in BCVA; (P = 0.0181). In Group II ( @entity2286 ): 4 (18.2%) eyes showed no change in BCVA; 5 (22.7%) eyes showed decrease and 13 (59.1%) eyes showed improvement in BCVA (P = 0.0281). Mean decrease in CMT in IVB group was 108.45  , whereas mean decrease in CMT in @entity2286 group was 161.36  . No major complications were seen in either group. CONCLUSION: Posttreatment decrease in CMT was more in @entity2286 group and vision improvement more in IVB group. However, no statistically significant difference between the two methods was found.

title: Pars plana vitrectomy versus three intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for nontractional XXXX . A prospective, randomized comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A meaningful analysis in research requires robust, valid data. Paper diaries allow the collection of data from individuals over time but are notorious for poor compliance and validity. @entity87 -technology is a novel method for data collection in medical research. Time-tagged @entity87 are transferred directly to an electronic file. We used @entity87 to collect symptoms and peak flow rate (PEFR) meter readings from 32 @entity1 with @entity565 . Parents responded first to five @entity87 daily for 7 days during an asymptomatic period and then for 14 days during a cold. Compliance with use of PEFR meter and @entity87 system were assessed. Digital PEFR meters enabled data download at the end of the study to confirm validity of transmitted data. Parents of 24 @entity1 provided feedback about this data collection tool. Mean (  SD) " @entity87 -diary and PEFR-meter compliance" were 96% (  8) and 84% (  21) during baseline and 91% (  12) and 82% (  20) during cold respectively. Correctly reported PEFR values were found in 65.5% of all cases, in 8.3% PEFR values sent were "self-invented" and 2.4% of values were missing. All of the 22 parents completing the baseline questionnaire were happy to use @entity87 for this study. Of the 20 parents completing the follow up questionnaire, 95% (19/20) found the system user-friendly, 55% (11/20) would be more likely to participate in studies if they were using @entity87 data collection and 25% (5/20) were "sometimes unhappy" about receiving messages. This real-time capture of data is well accepted and could avoid some of the pitfalls of backfilled paper diaries. Pediatr Pulmonol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The validity and acceptability of a text-based monitoring system for pediatric XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participants']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity2220 remains a @entity66 . Gene-expression phenotypes (GEPs) in @entity420 have potential to provide clinically relevant disease stratification for improved prognosis and treatment prediction, given appropriate clinical and methodologic validation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 2,395 transcriptional @entity420 profiles were assembled from 17 public cohorts and classified by a nearest centroid @entity21864 classifier into three subtypes: terminal respiratory unit (TRU), proximal-proliferative, and proximal-inflammatory, and additionally scored by five transcriptional metagenes representing different biologic processes, including proliferation. Prognostic- and chemotherapy-predictive associations of the subtypes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis using overall survival or distant metastasis-free survival as endpoints. RESULTS: Overall, GEPs were associated with @entity1 outcome in both univariate and multivariate analyses, although not in all individual cohorts. The prognostically relevant division was between TRU- and non-TRU-classified cases, with expression of proliferation-associated genes as a key prognostic component. In contrast, @entity21864 classification was not predictive of adjuvant chemotherapy response. @entity21864 classification showed stability to random perturbations of genes or samples and alterations to classification procedures (typically <10% of cases/cohort switching subtype). High classification variability (>20% of cases switching subtype) was observed when removing larger or entire fractions of a single subtype, due to gene-centering shifts not addressable by the classifier. CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale evaluation, we show that GEPs add prognostic value to standard clinicopathologic variables in @entity2220 . Subject to classifier refinement and confirmation in prospective cohorts, GEPs have potential to affect the prognostication of @entity420 @entity1 through a molecularly driven disease stratification. Clin Cancer Res; 1-12.   2015 AACR.

title: Prognostic and Chemotherapy Predictive Value of Gene-Expression Phenotypes in Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Pre-test probability assessment is key in the approach to suspected @entity697 ( @entity697 ). However, most @entity1 with @entity24293 -compatible symptoms are classified at low probability, warranting further evaluation for decision on aortic imaging. White blood cell count, platelet count and @entity2002 explore pathophysiological pathways mobilized in @entity697 and are routinely assayed in the workup of @entity697 . However, the diagnostic performance of these variables for @entity697 , alone and as a bundle, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that white blood cell count, platelet count and/or @entity2002 at presentation may be applied as additional tools to standard clinical evaluation for pre-test risk assessment in @entity1 at low probability of @entity24293 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on consecutive @entity1 managed in our Emergency Department from 2009 to 2014 for suspected @entity24293 . White blood cell count, platelet count and @entity2002 were assayed during evaluation in the Emergency Department. The final diagnosis was obtained by computed tomography angiography. The pre-test probability of @entity24293 was defined according to guidelines. Of 1210 @entity1 with suspected @entity24293 , 1006 (83.1%) were classified at low probability, and 271 (22.4%) were diagnosed with @entity24293 . Within @entity1 at low probability, presence of at least one alteration among white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l, platelet count <200*10(3)/  l and @entity2002 <350 mg/dl was associated with a sensitivity of 95.5% (89.7-98.5%) and a specificity of 18.3% (15.6-21.2%). In @entity1 at low probability, white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l and platelet count <200*10(3)/  l were found as independent predictors of @entity24293 beyond established clinical risk markers. Within @entity1 at low probability, the estimated risk of @entity24293 based on the number of alterations amongst white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l and platelet count <200*10(3)/  l was 2.7% (1.2-5.7%) with zero alterations, 11.3% (8.8-14.3%) with one alteration and 31.9% (24.8-40%) with two alterations (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In addition to standard clinical evaluation, white blood cell count and platelet count may be used in @entity1 at low pre-test probability to fine-tune risk assessment of @entity24293 .

title: White blood cell and platelet count as adjuncts to standard clinical evaluation for risk assessment in @entity1 at low probability of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic syndromes', 'AASs']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute aortic syndrome']


abstract: AIMS: Pre-test probability assessment is key in the approach to suspected @entity697 ( @entity697 ). However, most @entity1 with @entity24293 -compatible symptoms are classified at low probability, warranting further evaluation for decision on aortic imaging. White blood cell count, platelet count and @entity2002 explore pathophysiological pathways mobilized in @entity697 and are routinely assayed in the workup of @entity697 . However, the diagnostic performance of these variables for @entity697 , alone and as a bundle, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that white blood cell count, platelet count and/or @entity2002 at presentation may be applied as additional tools to standard clinical evaluation for pre-test risk assessment in @entity1 at low probability of @entity24293 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on consecutive @entity1 managed in our Emergency Department from 2009 to 2014 for suspected @entity24293 . White blood cell count, platelet count and @entity2002 were assayed during evaluation in the Emergency Department. The final diagnosis was obtained by computed tomography angiography. The pre-test probability of @entity24293 was defined according to guidelines. Of 1210 @entity1 with suspected @entity24293 , 1006 (83.1%) were classified at low probability, and 271 (22.4%) were diagnosed with @entity24293 . Within @entity1 at low probability, presence of at least one alteration among white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l, platelet count <200*10(3)/  l and @entity2002 <350 mg/dl was associated with a sensitivity of 95.5% (89.7-98.5%) and a specificity of 18.3% (15.6-21.2%). In @entity1 at low probability, white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l and platelet count <200*10(3)/  l were found as independent predictors of @entity24293 beyond established clinical risk markers. Within @entity1 at low probability, the estimated risk of @entity24293 based on the number of alterations amongst white blood cell count >9*10(3)/  l and platelet count <200*10(3)/  l was 2.7% (1.2-5.7%) with zero alterations, 11.3% (8.8-14.3%) with one alteration and 31.9% (24.8-40%) with two alterations (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In addition to standard clinical evaluation, white blood cell count and platelet count may be used in @entity1 at low pre-test probability to fine-tune risk assessment of @entity24293 .

title: White blood cell and platelet count as adjuncts to standard clinical evaluation for risk assessment in XXXX at low probability of @entity697 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-standing fistulizing and stenotic proctitis (LFSP) in @entity30 ( @entity30 ) indicates the end stage of the disease. Definitive diversion such as proctectomy is considered to be the only surgical option. The impact of intersphincteric sphincter-sparing anterior rectal resection (IAR) as an alternative to proctectomy is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility, morbidity, outcome, and quality of life (QL) in @entity1 with LFSP undergoing intended IAR. @entity1 AND METHODS: Out of a single institution database, 15 @entity1 with LFSP intended for surgery from 856 @entity1 with @entity30 were selected for follow-up analyses. RESULTS: In 12/15 cases, IAR was carried out while 3/15 @entity1 underwent primary proctectomy due to @entity5 (n   =   2) or due to @entity1 's wish (n   =   1). In one case, IAR revealed @entity5 , which led to secondary proctectomy. In @entity1 with IAR, complete healing of @entity292 and @entity850 was observed in 46  % (n   =   5) while 36  % (n   =   4) of @entity1 showed relapse of @entity292 and 18  % (n   =   2) developed @entity256 . Ileostomy closure was performed in seven @entity1 from which six @entity1 remained stoma free. QL and @entity1241 measured by standardized scoring systems were unchanged while stool frequency was reduced after IAR in @entity1 with ileostomy closure. The rate of @entity5 in this cohort was 20  % (n   =   3). CONCLUSION: LFSP in @entity30 was associated with 20  % of malignant transformation. Although IAR fails to improve QL, it is a suitable procedure for the treatment of @entity292 and @entity850 associated with acceptable healing rates and can avoid a permanent stoma.

title: Sphincter-sparing intersphincteric rectal resection as an alternative to proctectomy in long-standing fistulizing and stenotic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unexpected malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's proctitis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between pit and fissure sealants and the prevention of @entity1547 in permanent molars of @entity1 in China. METHODS: The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions was followed. Articles published in English and Chinese from 2002 to 2013 were selected. All these studies were randomized clinical trials related to pit and fissure sealants on caries prevention. Data were analyzed using Software Review Manager 5.1. RESULTS: A search of the four largest Chinese medical literature databases and the PubMed/Medline database yielded a total of 397 clinical research studies about the effects of pit and fissure sealants on the prevention of @entity1547 ; 20 original research studies were selected. In this meta-analysis, a total of 12  187 @entity1 were included. Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant association between pit and fissure sealants and @entity1547 prevention for a 6-month follow-up period (combined odds ratio  =  0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.32, P  <  0.0001). For other follow ups, there was a trend in pit and fissure sealants preventing the occurrence of @entity1547 . CONCLUSION: Current clinical evidence suggests that pit and fissure sealants are effective for @entity1547 prevention. Sealants should be placed as part of an overall caries prevention approach. Further research with larger sample sizes and rigorously-designed clinical trials are required to corroborate the current results.

title: Systemic review of the prevention of pit and fissure caries of permanent molars by resin sealants in XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis is often supplemented with autograft to promote bony union. Autograft harvest can lead to increased perioperative morbidity. Purified recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor BB homodimer (rhPDGF-BB) has stimulated bone formation in mandibular defects and hindfoot fusion. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of rhPDGF-BB combined with an injectable, osteoconductive @entity13065 ( @entity28687 )-collagen matrix versus autograft in ankle and hindfoot fusions. METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 requiring ankle or hindfoot fusion were randomized 5:1 for rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen (treatment, n = 63) or autograft (control, n = 12). Prospective analysis included 142 autograft control subjects from another clinical trial with identical study protocols. Standardized operative and postoperative protocols were used. @entity1 underwent standard internal fixation augmented with autograft or 0.3 mg/mL rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen. Radiologic, clinical, and quality-of-life outcomes were assessed over 52 weeks. Primary outcome was joint fusion (50% or more osseous bridging on computed tomography) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included radiographs, clinical healing status, visual analog scale @entity158 score, American Orthopaedic Foot _ Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score, Foot Function Index score, and Short Form-12 score. Noninferiority P values were calculated. RESULTS: Complete fusion of all involved joints at 24 weeks as indicated by computed tomography was achieved in 53 of 63 (84%) rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen-treated @entity1 and 100 of 154 (65%) autograft-treated @entity1 (P < .001). Mean time to fusion was 14.3    8.9 weeks for rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen @entity1 versus 19.7    11.5 weeks for autograft @entity1 (P < .01). Clinical success at 52 weeks was achieved in 57 of 63 (91%) rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen @entity1 and 120 of 154 (78%) autograft @entity1 (P < .001). Safety-related outcomes were equivalent. Autograft controls had 2 bone graft harvest infections. CONCLUSIONS: Application of rhPDGF-BB/ @entity28687 -collagen was a safe, effective alternative to autograft for ankle and hindfoot fusions, eliminating the @entity158 and morbidity associated with autograft harvesting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I, prospective randomized study.

title: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Hindfoot and Ankle Fusions Treated With rhPDGF-BB in Combination With a XXXX -Collagen Matrix.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13065 :: ('MESH:C485817', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-tricalcium phosphate']

answer: @entity28687 :: (CHEBI:64145,Chemical) :: ['b-TCP']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the exponential increase in the use of laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy, overall recurrence rates have remained unchanged. Therefore, a growing number of @entity1 are presenting with recurrent @entity547 after conventional anterior and laparoscopic repairs have failed. This study reports our experience with @entity302 ( @entity302 ) intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair of these @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 referred with two or more recurrences of @entity169 underwent @entity302 -IPOM from November 1, 2009, to June 24, 2014. A 2.5-cm infraumbilical incision was made, and an @entity302 port was placed intraperitoneally. Modified dissection techniques were used: chopstick and inline dissection, 5.5-mm/52-cm/30   angled laparoscope, and conventional straight dissecting instruments. The peritoneum was incised above the pubic symphysis, and dissection was continued laterally and proximally, raising the inferior flap below the previous extraperitoneal mesh while reducing any direct, indirect, femoral, or @entity362 before placement of antiadhesive mesh, which was fixed to the pubic ramus, as well as superiorly, with nonabsorbable tacks before the inferior border was fixed with fibrin sealant. The inferior peritoneal flap was then tacked back onto the mesh. RESULTS: Nine male @entity1 underwent @entity302 -IPOM. Their mean age was 53 years and mean body mass index was 26.8 kg/m(2). Mean mesh size was 275 cm(2). Mean operation time was 125 minutes, with a hospital stay of 1 day. The umbilical scar length was 23 mm at the 6-week follow-up. There were no intra-/postoperative complications, port-site @entity547 , @entity1118 , or recurrence of the @entity547 during a mean follow-up of 24 months. CONCLUSION: @entity169 recurring after two or more failed conventional anterior and laparoscopic repairs can be safely and efficiently treated with @entity302 -IPOM.

title: Single-port onlay mesh repair of recurrent XXXX after failed anterior and laparoscopic repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['cord lipoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SIL', 'single-incision laparoscopic']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['Inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic groin pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ) can cause @entity911 in the assessment of ventricular function with scintigraphy even in the absence of @entity1757 and @entity63 . Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is associated with various @entity299 . In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between paradoxical septal motion and fQRS after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records showing scintigraphic images and electrocardiograms (ECG) of the @entity1 who had undergone CABG. The @entity1 were classified based on the evaluation of motion and thickening of the septal wall. The @entity1 with regular thickening of the septal wall and abnormal motion were classified as @entity10107 (+) group. The @entity1 with normal motion and thickening of the septal wall were classified as @entity10107 (-) group. fQRS complexes are defined as various RSR patterns either with or without Q-waves on a 12-lead resting ECG. RESULTS: @entity10107 was found to be more common in fQRS @entity1 (p  <  0.001). @entity10107 was seen in 91.4  % of cases with fQRS and in 79.8  % of cases without fQRS. No significant differences were found in the phase analysis parameters. A correlation was found between septal wall motion values and the presence of fQRS (r  =  0.197, p  =  0.012). CONCLUSION: fQRS was associated with @entity10107 . fQRS may cause @entity10107 in @entity1 with CABG without @entity714 due to a @entity8526 . @entity10107 and fQRS are predictive of cardiac mortality. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity10107 and fQRS, should be monitored closely.

title: Relationship between fragmented QRS and paradoxical septal motion in coronary artery bypass graft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal damage']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['PSM', 'Paradoxical septal motion']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to estimate the between- (HTP) and within- (TP) herd true prevalence distribution of @entity3069 . @entity3068 in dairy @entity291 herds participating in the Danish MAP control programme. All herds enrolled in the programme between 2011 and 2013 were included in the analysis, and one annual milk-ELISA test of all lactating @entity291 present in such herds was considered. A Bayesian latent class model was used to obtain HTP and TP posterior distributions for each year. The model adjusts for uncertainty in age-specific test sensitivity and prior prevalence estimates. Bayesian posterior probabilities were computed in order to compare prevalence between the years. A total of 665,700 samples were included in the study, from 221,914, 224,040, and 220,466 @entity291 sourced from 1138, 1112, and 1059 herds in years 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. In that period, HTP estimates of 0.92 (95% posterior probability interval (PPI), 0.87-0.96), 0.78 (95% PPI, 0.74-0.83), and 0.75 (95% PPI, 0.71-0.78) were recorded, respectively. Low TP were observed, with population mean estimates of 0.08 (95% PPI, 0.07-0.08), 0.07 (95% PPI, 0.07-0.08), and 0.07 (95% PPI, 0.06-0.07) for the three consecutive years. Statistically-important differences were recorded for HTP and population mean TP estimates between years, indicating a trend for a decreasing level of @entity19262 at both herd and animal level. Model results showed that @entity19262 was widespread among the Dairy @entity291 herds participating in the Danish control programme, though in general it was kept at very low levels.

title: Within- and between-herd prevalence variation of XXXX . paratuberculosis infection among control programme herds in Denmark (2011-2013).

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['MAP infection']

entities_list: @entity3068 :: ('MESH:D010283', 'Disease') :: ['paratuberculosis (MAP) infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']


abstract: AIMS: The @entity5 metabolic and proliferative indices in predicting @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 ' prognosis is unclear. We correlated @entity2862 18 @entity419 (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) value and Ki67 index to @entity1 ' survival, taking into account @entity5 heterogeneity, disease characteristics and genetic aberrations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of 383 NSCLCs was arranged into tissue microarrays and Ki67 staining was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The maximum standardized uptake (SUV(MAX) ) value detected by @entity419 -PET analysis was calculated over a region of interest. @entity957 had higher proliferative and metabolic activities than @entity420 , and the two measures were correlated significantly. The hot-spot Ki67 value was correlated with @entity1 ' survival and the cut-off to discriminate @entity1 in the survival risk groups was 20%. Ki67 hot-spot values were greater in @entity706 kinase (ALK) rearranged @entity5 . @entity420 showed the highest intratumour heterogeneity in proliferative activity and the hot-spot Ki67 value predicted only the prognosis of @entity1 in this group. Although @entity5 metabolic activity was not associated with @entity1 ' prognosis, a SUV(MAX) > 2 was related to nodal metastases, @entity5 size and grade. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight how @entity5 heterogeneity influences evaluation of prognostic biomarkers. Our data support Ki67 evaluation to estimate @entity1149 @entity1 ' prognosis, particularly for @entity420 .

title: Analysis of XXXX heterogeneity, proliferative and 18F-FDG PET indices reveals Ki67 prognostic role in @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18) F-FDG', '((18) F)-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'role of tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Large-cell and squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC tumour']


abstract: AIMS: The @entity5 metabolic and proliferative indices in predicting @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 ' prognosis is unclear. We correlated @entity2862 18 @entity419 (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) value and Ki67 index to @entity1 ' survival, taking into account @entity5 heterogeneity, disease characteristics and genetic aberrations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A series of 383 NSCLCs was arranged into tissue microarrays and Ki67 staining was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The maximum standardized uptake (SUV(MAX) ) value detected by @entity419 -PET analysis was calculated over a region of interest. @entity957 had higher proliferative and metabolic activities than @entity420 , and the two measures were correlated significantly. The hot-spot Ki67 value was correlated with @entity1 ' survival and the cut-off to discriminate @entity1 in the survival risk groups was 20%. Ki67 hot-spot values were greater in @entity706 kinase (ALK) rearranged @entity5 . @entity420 showed the highest intratumour heterogeneity in proliferative activity and the hot-spot Ki67 value predicted only the prognosis of @entity1 in this group. Although @entity5 metabolic activity was not associated with @entity1 ' prognosis, a SUV(MAX) > 2 was related to nodal metastases, @entity5 size and grade. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight how @entity5 heterogeneity influences evaluation of prognostic biomarkers. Our data support Ki67 evaluation to estimate @entity1149 @entity1 ' prognosis, particularly for @entity420 .

title: Analysis of @entity1149 heterogeneity, proliferative and 18F-FDG PET indices reveals Ki67 prognostic role in XXXX .

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the maintenance of efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml ( @entity9984 -300) versus glargine 100 U/ml ( @entity9984 -100) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) using basal plus meal-time insulin for 12 months in the EDITION 1 trial. METHODS: EDITION 1 was a multicentre, randomized, open-label, two-arm, phase IIIa study. @entity1 completing the initial 6-month treatment period continued to receive @entity9984 -300 or @entity9984 -100, as previously randomized, once daily for a further 6-month open-label extension phase. Changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations, insulin dose, hypoglycaemic events and body weight were assessed. RESULTS: Of 807 @entity1 enrolled in the initial phase, 89% (359/404) assigned to @entity9984 -300 and 88% (355/403) assigned to @entity9984 -100 completed 12 months. Glycaemic control was sustained in both groups (mean HbA1c: @entity9984 -300, 7.24%; @entity9984 -100, 7.42%), with more sustained @entity4051 c reduction for @entity9984 -300 at 12 months: least squares mean difference @entity9984 -300 vs @entity9984 -100: HbA1c -0.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.30 to -0.05]%. The mean daily basal insulin dose at 12 months was 1.03 U/kg for @entity9984 -300 and 0.90 U/kg for @entity9984 -100. Lower percentages of @entity1 had >= 1 confirmed [ <=3.9 mmol/l ( <=70 mg/dl)] or severe hypoglycaemic event with @entity9984 -300 than @entity9984 -100 at any time of day [24 h; 86 vs 92%; relative risk 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99)] and during the night [54 vs 65%; relative risk 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.94)], while the annualized rates of such hypoglycaemic events were similar. No between-treatment differences in adverse events were apparent. CONCLUSION: During 12 months of treatment of @entity6 requiring basal and meal-time insulin, glycaemic control was better sustained and fewer individuals reported hypoglycaemia with @entity9984 -300 than with @entity9984 -100. The mean basal insulin dose was higher with @entity9984 -300 compared with @entity9984 -100, but total numbers of hypoglycaemic events and overall tolerability did not differ between treatments.

title: One-year sustained glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with 100 U/ml in @entity1 with type 2 XXXX using basal plus meal-time insulin: the EDITION 1 12-month randomized trial, including 6-month extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the maintenance of efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/ml ( @entity9984 -300) versus glargine 100 U/ml ( @entity9984 -100) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) using basal plus meal-time insulin for 12 months in the EDITION 1 trial. METHODS: EDITION 1 was a multicentre, randomized, open-label, two-arm, phase IIIa study. @entity1 completing the initial 6-month treatment period continued to receive @entity9984 -300 or @entity9984 -100, as previously randomized, once daily for a further 6-month open-label extension phase. Changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations, insulin dose, hypoglycaemic events and body weight were assessed. RESULTS: Of 807 @entity1 enrolled in the initial phase, 89% (359/404) assigned to @entity9984 -300 and 88% (355/403) assigned to @entity9984 -100 completed 12 months. Glycaemic control was sustained in both groups (mean HbA1c: @entity9984 -300, 7.24%; @entity9984 -100, 7.42%), with more sustained @entity4051 c reduction for @entity9984 -300 at 12 months: least squares mean difference @entity9984 -300 vs @entity9984 -100: HbA1c -0.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.30 to -0.05]%. The mean daily basal insulin dose at 12 months was 1.03 U/kg for @entity9984 -300 and 0.90 U/kg for @entity9984 -100. Lower percentages of @entity1 had >= 1 confirmed [ <=3.9 mmol/l ( <=70 mg/dl)] or severe hypoglycaemic event with @entity9984 -300 than @entity9984 -100 at any time of day [24 h; 86 vs 92%; relative risk 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99)] and during the night [54 vs 65%; relative risk 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.94)], while the annualized rates of such hypoglycaemic events were similar. No between-treatment differences in adverse events were apparent. CONCLUSION: During 12 months of treatment of @entity6 requiring basal and meal-time insulin, glycaemic control was better sustained and fewer individuals reported hypoglycaemia with @entity9984 -300 than with @entity9984 -100. The mean basal insulin dose was higher with @entity9984 -300 compared with @entity9984 -100, but total numbers of hypoglycaemic events and overall tolerability did not differ between treatments.

title: One-year sustained glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with 100 U/ml in XXXX with type 2 @entity6 using basal plus meal-time insulin: the EDITION 1 12-month randomized trial, including 6-month extension.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity1 become @entity308 more frequently than @entity1 , a consistent pattern across cultures. @entity32 plays a key role in initiating @entity308 among a subset of individuals, and @entity308 also has inflammatory consequences. Notably, @entity1 experience higher levels of @entity32 and greater autoimmune disease risk compared to @entity1 . In the current review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between @entity32 and @entity308 and describe how this link may be particularly relevant for @entity1 . Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 may be more vulnerable to @entity32 -induced mood and behavior changes. For example, transient elevations in @entity32 prompt greater feelings of loneliness and social disconnection for @entity1 than for @entity1 , which can contribute to the onset of @entity308 . @entity1 also appear to be disproportionately affected by several factors that @entity32 , including prior @entity308 , somatic symptomatology, interpersonal stressors, childhood adversity, @entity28 , and physical inactivity. @entity147 and @entity28 , both of which elevate @entity308 risk, are also more strongly tied to @entity32 for @entity1 than for @entity1 . Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity1 's susceptibility to @entity32 and its mood effects may contribute to sex differences in @entity308 . @entity308 continues to be a leading cause of disability worldwide, with @entity1 experiencing greater risk than @entity1 . Due to the @entity308 connection, these patterns may promote additional health risks for @entity1 . Considering the impact of @entity32 on @entity1 's mental health may foster a better understanding of sex differences in @entity308 , as well as the selection of effective @entity308 treatments.

title: Sex Differences in XXXX : Does @entity32 Play a Role?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'elevate inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depression-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Relationship distress']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity1 become @entity308 more frequently than @entity1 , a consistent pattern across cultures. @entity32 plays a key role in initiating @entity308 among a subset of individuals, and @entity308 also has inflammatory consequences. Notably, @entity1 experience higher levels of @entity32 and greater autoimmune disease risk compared to @entity1 . In the current review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between @entity32 and @entity308 and describe how this link may be particularly relevant for @entity1 . Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 may be more vulnerable to @entity32 -induced mood and behavior changes. For example, transient elevations in @entity32 prompt greater feelings of loneliness and social disconnection for @entity1 than for @entity1 , which can contribute to the onset of @entity308 . @entity1 also appear to be disproportionately affected by several factors that @entity32 , including prior @entity308 , somatic symptomatology, interpersonal stressors, childhood adversity, @entity28 , and physical inactivity. @entity147 and @entity28 , both of which elevate @entity308 risk, are also more strongly tied to @entity32 for @entity1 than for @entity1 . Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity1 's susceptibility to @entity32 and its mood effects may contribute to sex differences in @entity308 . @entity308 continues to be a leading cause of disability worldwide, with @entity1 experiencing greater risk than @entity1 . Due to the @entity308 connection, these patterns may promote additional health risks for @entity1 . Considering the impact of @entity32 on @entity1 's mental health may foster a better understanding of sex differences in @entity308 , as well as the selection of effective @entity308 treatments.

title: Sex Differences in @entity308 : Does XXXX Play a Role?

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with medical conditions may present with @entity146 symptoms, which may lead to worse physical health care. Here we present the case of a @entity1 with @entity697 masked by @entity146 symptoms after a stressful event. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old female medical student presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) complaining about the feeling of " @entity9496 " after an argument with her boyfriend earlier the same day. She did not report other symptoms or @entity158 . Careful physical examination, initially impeded by the @entity1 's agitation, revealed pulseless extremities. Blood gas analysis showed @entity520 . Transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography ultimately led to the correct diagnosis: Stanford Type-A aortic dissection. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Medical conditions requiring acute diagnostic work-up and therapy may present with @entity146 symptoms. Increased awareness and the use of standardized operating procedures in the @entity341 may prevent fatal misdiagnoses in these @entity1 .

title: Aortic Dissection Presenting as " XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

answer: @entity9496 :: (MESH:D007046,Disease) :: ['Hysteria']


abstract: Step-reduction (SR) in older adults results in @entity2057 and an attenuated rise in postprandial muscle protein synthesis (MPS): anabolic resistance. Knowing that @entity7047 ( @entity7047 ) can enhance MPS, we examined whether @entity7047 could enhance MPS following 2  weeks of SR. In addition, as we postulated that SR may impair feeding-induced vasodilation limiting nutrient delivery to muscle, we also examined whether @entity7792 ( @entity7792 ), as an @entity369 and @entity842 precursor, could attenuate muscle anabolic resistance accompanying SR. We used a unilateral leg model to compare older subjects' who had undergone SR to a loaded condition of SR plus @entity7047 (SR  +  @entity7047 ). Thirty older @entity1 (70      1  years) underwent 14  days of SR (<1500  steps/day) with supplementation of either 5  g/day @entity7792 or @entity8959 placebo. Throughout SR, subjects performed unilateral low-load @entity7047 thrice weekly. We assessed muscle protein synthesis in the postabsorptive and postprandial state (20  g whey isolate plus 15  g @entity8959 or as micellar-whey with 5  g @entity7792 or 15  g @entity8959 , n  =  10/group). As MPS was similar after ingestion of either whey isolate, micellar-whey, or micellar-whey  +  @entity7792 data related to different dietary groups were collapsed to compare SR and SR  +  @entity7047 legs. Subjects' daily steps were reduced by 80      2% during SR (P  <  0.001) compared with baseline. Leg fat-free mass decreased with SR (-124      61  g) and increased in the SR  +  @entity7047 (+126      68  g; P  =  0.003). Myofibrillar FSR was lower (P  <  0.0001) in the SR as compared with the SR  +  @entity7047 leg in the postabsorptive (0.026      0.001%/h vs. 0.045      0.001%/h) and postprandial states (0.055      0.002%/h vs. 0.115      0.003%/h). We conclude that low-load @entity7047 , but not supplementation with @entity7792 , can attenuate the deleterious effects of SR in aging muscle.

title: Low-load resistance training during step-reduction attenuates declines in muscle mass and strength and enhances anabolic sensitivity in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['CIT', 'citrulline']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['resistance exercise', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Cottonseed contains 16% seed oil and 23% seed protein by weight. High levels of @entity7609 provides a degree of stability to the oil, while the presence of bound @entity6319 in proteins considerably changes their properties, including their biological value. This study uses genetic principles to identify genomic regions associated with seed oil, protein and fibre content in @entity2708 cultivars. @entity2708 association mapping panel representing the US germplasm were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, yielding 234 polymorphic DNA fragments. Phenotypic analysis showed high genetic variability for the seed traits, seed oil range from 6.47-25.16%, protein from 1.85-28.45% and fibre content from 15.88-37.12%. There were negative correlations between seed oil and protein content.With reference to genetic diversity, the average estimate of FST was 8.852 indicating a low level of genetic differentiation among subpopulations. The AMOVA test revealed that variation was 94% within and 6% among subpopulations. Bayesian population structure identified five subpopulations and was in agreement with their geographical distribution. Among the mixed models analysed, @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) identified 21 quantitative trait loci for lint percentage and seed quality traits, such as seed protein and oil. Establishing genetic diversity, population structure and marker trait associations for the seed quality traits could be valuable in understanding the genetic relationships and their utilization in breeding programmes.

title: Genetic diversity, population structure and marker trait associations for seed quality traits in XXXX ( @entity2708 ).

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['upland cotton', 'Cotton']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['MLM', 'mixed linear model']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: Cottonseed contains 16% seed oil and 23% seed protein by weight. High levels of @entity7609 provides a degree of stability to the oil, while the presence of bound @entity6319 in proteins considerably changes their properties, including their biological value. This study uses genetic principles to identify genomic regions associated with seed oil, protein and fibre content in @entity2708 cultivars. @entity2708 association mapping panel representing the US germplasm were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, yielding 234 polymorphic DNA fragments. Phenotypic analysis showed high genetic variability for the seed traits, seed oil range from 6.47-25.16%, protein from 1.85-28.45% and fibre content from 15.88-37.12%. There were negative correlations between seed oil and protein content.With reference to genetic diversity, the average estimate of FST was 8.852 indicating a low level of genetic differentiation among subpopulations. The AMOVA test revealed that variation was 94% within and 6% among subpopulations. Bayesian population structure identified five subpopulations and was in agreement with their geographical distribution. Among the mixed models analysed, @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) identified 21 quantitative trait loci for lint percentage and seed quality traits, such as seed protein and oil. Establishing genetic diversity, population structure and marker trait associations for the seed quality traits could be valuable in understanding the genetic relationships and their utilization in breeding programmes.

title: Genetic diversity, population structure and marker trait associations for seed quality traits in @entity2708 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['Gossypium hirsutum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data comparing different braces for @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) are scant. The @entity6815 criteria represent some guidelines for comparing results from different studies, but controlled studies are much more reliable. Recently, super-rigid braces have been introduced in clinical practice with the aim of replacing Risser and EDF casts. The aim of the present study is to compare the short-term radiographic results of two super-rigid braces, the ART and the SPORT (Sforzesco) brace. METHODS: A group of consecutive @entity1 with Cobb >40  , Risser 0-4, age >10 treated with the ART brace for 6 months were matched with a group of similar @entity1 taken from a prospective database of @entity1 treated with the Sforzesco brace. @entity1 were matched according to Cobb severity, pattern and localization of the curve. All @entity1 had a full-time brace prescription (23-24 hours per day) and an indication to perform scoliosis-specific exercises and were assessed radiographically both immediately in the brace and after 6 months of treatment out of brace. Curves were analyzed according to the pattern and localization taking into consideration both the in-brace correction and the 6-month out-of-brace results. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: t-test, ANOVA, linear regression, alpha set at 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were included in the ART brace group, and 26 in the Sforzesco brace group. At baseline, no differences were noted for gender (3 males for each group), age (14.1        0.3 for ART vs 13.9        0.3 for Sforzesco), @entity15126 (11.8        3.2 vs 11.5        4.2 for @entity1514 curves and 7.8        4.0 vs 7.1        6.1 for lumbar/thoracolumbar), Cobb angle (44.8        2 vs 45.5        2 for @entity1514 ; 43.8        2 vs 46.0        2 for lumbar/thoracolumbar) or Risser sign (median 2 for both groups). The in-brace correction was slightly better for the ART brace, but didn't reach statistical significance (24.3        8.5 vs 28.0        6.8 for @entity1514 ; 23.7        10.4 vs 29.9        4.2 for lumbar/thoracolumbar). At 6  months, results were similar both for @entity1514 (34.4        10.4 vs34.8        6.8) and for lumbar/thoracolumbar (32.8        10.8 vs 36.6        5.2). Also, with regard to the pattern, results were similar for double major and for @entity1514 , while there were not enough data for single lumbar to make a comparison. No differences for @entity15126 were found (7.8        3.2 vs 8.6        2.9 for @entity1514 ; 4.3        3.4 vs 4.3        3.7 for lumbar/thoracolumbar). CONCLUSION: These two super-rigid braces showed similar short-term results, despite the better in-brace correction for lumbar curves shown by the ART brace. According to our data, the asymmetric design showed results similar to the symmetric one. After these preliminary data, further studies are needed to check end growth results and the impact of compliance, @entity2003 of curve, exercise and assessing quality of life.

title: SOSORT Award Winner 2015: a multicentre study comparing the SPoRT and ART braces effectiveness according to the SOSORT- XXXX recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity6815 :: (MESH:D056730,Disease) :: ['SRS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow is a valuable source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be used in regenerative medicine. MSCs are able to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers under specific conditions. The aim of the current work was to study the differentiation of @entity35 MSCs (rMSCs) into neuron-like cells. NEW METHOD: We investigated how the antidepressants @entity2645 , @entity5829 , @entity905 and @entity13707 affect the differentiation of rMSCs. Furthermore, we present differentiation cocktails using a cortex astrocyte-conditioned medium (CACM) separately or in conjunction with each of the antidepressants and investigated their additive effect on the efficiency of differentiation. We also observed how various differentiation conditions affect the number of primary @entity2343 per cell. RESULTS: Gene expression for an early neuronal marker (b-III-tubulin) and markers that are typical for adult neurons such as Th, @entity14919 and @entity38224 were observed. The @entity72166 and @entity14919 gene expression were up-regulated, Th decreased slightly and @entity38224 was down-regulated after differentiation We observed a two-fold higher percentage of b-III-tubulin positive cells after treatment with antidepressants and two-fold increase of neuron-like cells after using CACM with @entity2645 or @entity905 simultaneously. Differentiation using @entity2645 or in conjunction with CACM and @entity5829 or @entity905 simultaneously increased the number of cell dendrites. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: The results that were obtained are completely new and need further investigations in the nearest future. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that antidepressants improve differentiation efficiency of rMSCs and may be useful in the preparation of rMSCs for transplantation. Differentiation efficiency is higher after long-term exposure to antidepressants, than after a 24-h exposure. Nearly additive effect of CACM and @entity2645 or @entity905 suggests a beneficial role of antidepressants after transplantation.

title: Affect of antidepressants on the in vitro differentiation of XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells.

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity13707 :: ('MESH:C050504', 'Chemical') :: ['tianeptine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendrites and branching dendrites']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the repeatability of measurement of @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) by spectral domain optical coherence (SD-OCT) in premature @entity1 and compare it to @entity2840 measurement by ultrasonic pachymetry (USP). Methods. Three @entity2840 measurements of the left eyes of 50 premature @entity1 were obtained by SD-OCT using the iVue system. 10 @entity2840 measurements of each 28 left eyes of 28 @entity1 were obtained by USP using the Pacscan 300P system. Bland-Altman plots were developed and the limit of agreement (LoA) was determined to compare the mean of the SD-OCT and USP measurements. Results. No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 @entity2840 measurements by SD-OCT. Both USP and SD-OCT have been performed for only left eyes of 28 of the 50 babies. Those results have been compared with each other. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean @entity2840 measurements by SD-OCT and USP (p < 0.05). The LoA between the SD-OCT and USP measurements ranged from 11.4 to -64.1. Conclusions. @entity2840 can be measured using the iVue SD-OCT system with a high level of repeatability. Although measurement of @entity2840 by SD-OCT and USP is highly correlated, the 2 systems cannot be used interchangeably in premature @entity1 .

title: Comparison of Measurement of Central Corneal Thickness with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Standard Ultrasonic Pachymeter in Premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']