abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study birthweight in consecutively born sibling singletons conceived with and without @entity52 ( @entity52 ) to disentangle the effects of maternal characteristics from those of the @entity52 treatment itself. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity1 (S): Firstborn and secondborn @entity1 from a 9-year birth cohort (1999-2007) comprising of 272,551 @entity1 who conceived two siblings. INTERVENTION(S): No intervention; @entity1 were conceived naturally or through @entity52 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Birthweight. RESULT(S): The study included 545,102 @entity1 born by natural conception (NC) or @entity52 with the data set obtained from the population-based Netherlands Perinatal Registry (PRN) containing information on pregnancies, deliveries, and neonatal outcomes. We used two approaches: [1] the intersibling approach and [2] the sibling-ship approach. In the first approach we included @entity1 born to four groups of mothers who conceived in the following order (numbers indicate birth order): NC1- @entity5958 (reference, n = 254,721), @entity5958 (n = 1342), NC1-IVF2 (n = 471), and IVF1-IVF2 (n = 687). Several comparisons were made to interpret the effects of @entity52 and maternal characteristics separately. In the second approach, perinatal outcomes of @entity52 @entity1 (n = 1,813) were compared with those of their NC siblings (n = 1,813). The intersibling analyses suggested an association between maternal characteristics and a lower birthweight, with estimates of the maternal effect ranging from -7  g (95% CI, -40; 26) to -101  g (95% CI, -170; -32). Neither the intersibling analyses nor the sibling-ship analyses indicated an additional adverse effect of @entity52 treatment itself. CONCLUSION(S): Maternal characteristics of subfertile @entity1 are associated with a lower birthweight. In  vitro fertilization treatment itself does not additionally contribute to a lower birthweight in the offspring.

title: Effects of XXXX and maternal characteristics on perinatal outcomes: a population-based study using siblings.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in  vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'PATIENT']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in  vitro fertilization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity2728 on @entity308 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity2728 for @entity1295 in @entity5 @entity1 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity2728 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity1295 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity2728 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity1 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity2728 would be associated with reduced @entity308 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity2728 did not have a significant effect on @entity308 , even for those @entity1 with severe @entity1295 . However, for subjects with severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity2728 had lower @entity308 scores than did control subjects. @entity2728 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity2728 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2728 differentially impacts @entity308 based on a @entity1 's level of @entity1295 and reduced @entity308 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity1295 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity1 with high levels of @entity1295 , @entity2728 might also reduce @entity308 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: XXXX Moderates the Relationship Between @entity5 in 541 @entity1 Receiving Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['Modafinil', 'modafinil']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['Modafinil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity2728 on @entity308 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity2728 for @entity1295 in @entity5 @entity1 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity2728 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity1295 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity2728 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity1 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity2728 would be associated with reduced @entity308 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity2728 did not have a significant effect on @entity308 , even for those @entity1 with severe @entity1295 . However, for subjects with severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity2728 had lower @entity308 scores than did control subjects. @entity2728 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity2728 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2728 differentially impacts @entity308 based on a @entity1 's level of @entity1295 and reduced @entity308 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity1295 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity1 with high levels of @entity1295 , @entity2728 might also reduce @entity308 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity2728 Moderates the Relationship Between XXXX in 541 @entity1 Receiving Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer-Related Fatigue and Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity2728 on @entity308 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity2728 for @entity1295 in @entity5 @entity1 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity2728 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity1295 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity2728 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity1 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity2728 would be associated with reduced @entity308 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity2728 did not have a significant effect on @entity308 , even for those @entity1 with severe @entity1295 . However, for subjects with severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity2728 had lower @entity308 scores than did control subjects. @entity2728 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity2728 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2728 differentially impacts @entity308 based on a @entity1 's level of @entity1295 and reduced @entity308 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity1295 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity1 with high levels of @entity1295 , @entity2728 might also reduce @entity308 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity2728 Moderates the Relationship Between @entity5 in 541 XXXX Receiving Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This paper reviews the literature reports concerning @entity3458 . @entity3458 can cause progressive @entity99 with significant @entity82 , often @entity82 , and decreased liver function by adulthood. Asymptomatic @entity1 commonly have @entity382 and elevated liver enzyme levels. The presence of @entity3458 obscures features otherwise useful in differential diagnosis. Acute episodes of the disease selectively affect the liver in 10% of @entity1 , causing hepatic crisis with @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity221 , @entity1087 , and transaminase elevation. @entity99 is often clinically indistinguishable from hepatic crisis, but in @entity99 the @entity490 is usually less, the @entity1087 tends to be more severe, and the transaminase elevation more prolonged. The two can be distinguished by serology and liver biopsy. Furthermore, acute @entity2679 or @entity2877 may have clinical and laboratory features similar to sickle cell hepatic crisis or @entity99 . By adulthood, 50%-70% of sickle cell @entity1 have @entity5990 . Elective cholecystectomy is indicated for those who are symptomatic, but, because of operative mortality, there is disagreement concerning surgery for asymptomatic @entity1 . The literature contains nine well-documented cases of @entity879 related to @entity3458 . The mechanism is unclear; however, as the @entity39 is often not severe, a metabolic problem is suggested.

title: Hepatobiliary system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Sickle cell disease', 'sickle cell disease', 'sickle cell disease and the hepatobiliary system']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Viral hepatitis', 'viral hepatitis', 'injury to the liver']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists are known to induce both cellular adaptations resulting in tolerance to therapeutic effects and withdrawal symptoms upon treatment discontinuation. @entity3264 neurotransmission is an integral part of sleep-wake mechanisms, which processes have translational relevance for central activity and target engagement. Here, we investigated the efficacy and tolerance potential of the metabotropic @entity3264 receptors ( @entity9449 /3) agonist @entity13288 versus @entity9449 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) @entity72411 on sleep-wake organisation in @entity35 . In vitro, the selectivity and potency of @entity72411 were characterized. In vivo, effects on sleep measures were investigated in @entity35 after once daily oral repeated treatment for 7 days, withdrawal and consecutive re-administration of @entity13288 (1-10 mg/kg) and @entity72411 (3-30 mg/kg). @entity72411 showed high affinity, potency and selectivity at @entity9449 . Binding site analyses and knowledge-based docking confirmed the specificity of @entity72411 at the @entity9449 allosteric binding site. Acute @entity13288 and @entity72411 dose-dependently decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time and prolonged its onset latency. Sub chronic effects of @entity13288 on REM sleep measures disappeared from day 3 onwards, whereas those of @entity72411 were maintained after repeated exposure. @entity13288 attenuated REM sleep homeostatic recovery, while this was preserved after @entity72411 administration. @entity72411 enhanced sleep continuity and efficiency, suggesting its potential as an add-on medication for @entity25 during early stages of treatment. Abrupt cessation of @entity72411 did not induce @entity25 , while the initial drug effect was fully reinstated after re-administration. Collectively, long-term treatment with @entity72411 did not induce tolerance phenomena to its primary functional effects on sleep measures, nor adverse effects at withdrawal, while it promoted homeostatic recovery sleep. From the translational perspective, the present rodent findings suggest that @entity9449 positive allosteric modulation has therapeutic potential based on its superior long term efficacy over agonists in @entity146 , particularly of those commonly occurring with REM sleep overdrive.

title: mGlu2 Receptor Agonism, but Not Positive Allosteric Modulation, Elicits Rapid Tolerance towards Their Primary Efficacy on Sleep Measures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['impaired sleep quality', 'withdrawal phenomena and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The results obtained with the various types of treatment in @entity1893 are reviewed and the data from the recent EORTC trials are summarized. In @entity1 with Stage I follicular histology, regional radiotherapy (RT) alone gives excellent results. The long-term @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) is high and relapsing @entity1 can be rescued by aggressive combination chemotherapy; initial chemotherapy with CVP improves @entity4557 but not @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). In @entity1 with Stage I diffuse histology, the long-term survival is less satisfactory. CVP chemotherapy does not improve either @entity4557 or @entity1349 ; therefore if adjuvant chemotherapy is justified, it should be more aggressive than CVP. In @entity1 with Stage II follicular type, regional radiotherapy alone gives good results. The addition of abdominal bath irradiation to regional RT increases @entity4557 but not @entity1349 . After relapse, @entity1 can be rescued by combination chemotherapy. In @entity1 with Stage II diffuse histology, extended RT followed by CVP gives poor results and RT should be combined with more aggressive combination CT; the preliminary results of an integrated alternating regimen being excellent. In @entity1 with Stage III and IV follicular type, the 8 year @entity1349 of @entity1 treated with combination CT regimen (CHVP) followed by localized irradiation is approximately 55%, however the indications for the various types of treatment are still unclear. In @entity1 with diffuse Stage III and IV, the results obtained with a combination CT regimen (CHVP) are still unsatisfactory, but are better in @entity1 treated by a more aggressive CT regimen (CHVP-Bleo-VCR). Therefore aggressive CT associated with localized irradiation appears to be the best treatment. Further research should aim to identify the optimal combination CT regimen. In @entity1 with high grade @entity706 who have relapsed the use of bone marrow autografts will be investigated. The present data show that besides histological type and age, the main prognostic factor is total @entity5 body burden as assessed by clinical stage, number of involved lymph node areas, and bulk of the disease. The study of the biological characteristics of the disease may provide more powerful prognostic indicators.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'total survival']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) was used as a novel method to detemine tissue molecular conformation changes during hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of OMIS for the assessment of HBO therapy effectiveness on the diseased tissue. METHODS: OMIS is concerned with obtaining paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties of materials, related to the presence of unpaired/paired electrons based on their interaction with visible light. The basic tool is light of wavelength in the range between 400 nm and 700 nm and its interaction with tissue. The study included 22 subjects: 16 @entity2333 @entity1 and 6 healthy subjects as the control group. OMIS was used with @entity1 on the 1st, 10th and 20th session and with the control group on the 1st, 10th and 20th day without HBO therapy in between. RESULTS: The obtained results showed that healthy skin of all the control group subjects had the same shape curve. In the @entity2333 @entity1 group, before the first session OMIS showed tissue disorder and after the last session results resembled more closely the results in healthy tissue. The differences in the tissue state in the @entity2333 group before each session were noticeable, showing normalized tissue under the influence of HBO. CONCLUSION: The results show that OMIS could be used as a diagnostic tool for detection of the tissue state before and after the HBO therapy.

title: Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterization of the tissues during hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity717 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity1032 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity2008 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity1032 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity1032 with @entity154 and @entity154 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity1032 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial @entity717 with XXXX and @entity154 --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features', 'congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic mental retardation', 'mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital defects']


abstract: @entity717 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity1032 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity2008 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity1032 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity1032 with @entity154 and @entity154 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity1032 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial @entity717 with @entity154 and XXXX --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['dysmorphic features']


abstract: @entity717 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity1032 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity2008 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity1032 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity1032 with @entity154 and @entity154 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity1032 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial XXXX with @entity154 and @entity154 --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: In the @entity19 the maturation of mononuclear phagocytes was followed by comparing the ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity (PA) at different time points during an acute @entity298 induced with newborn calf serum (NCS). Exudate macrophages demonstrate PA only in lysosomes, whereas resident macrophages have reaction product in the nuclear envelope (NE) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Transitional cells called "exudate-resident" macrophages have PA in the NE, @entity1893 , and some virginal lysosomes. In addition, peroxidase-negative macrophages were also present. A monoclonal antibody, @entity11496 , that specifically recognizes a @entity19 macrophage differentiation antigen (Austyn and Gordon, 1981) was used in this study. To compare the indirect immunoperoxidase labeling of this antigen and the endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry on the cellular level, a combined method was developed. Finally, the method was applied to the peritoneal cells at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of NCS in @entity19 . The relative numbers of cells demonstrating the different patterns of endogenous PA and the proportions of each subpopulation expressing @entity11496 antigen were estimated. It appeared that the expression of the antigen @entity11496 coincides with the development of the resident pattern of PA. It is therefore concluded that the macrophages with the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidase are derived from monocyte-like exudate macrophages. In addition, the results indicate that both exudate-resident macrophages and at least a part of the peroxidase-negative macrophages are transitional forms.

title: The development of the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity in @entity19 peritoneal macrophages coincides with the expression of the differentiation antigen XXXX . A combined method for immunoperoxidase labeling and endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity11496 :: (13733(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['F4/80']


abstract: In the @entity19 the maturation of mononuclear phagocytes was followed by comparing the ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity (PA) at different time points during an acute @entity298 induced with newborn calf serum (NCS). Exudate macrophages demonstrate PA only in lysosomes, whereas resident macrophages have reaction product in the nuclear envelope (NE) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Transitional cells called "exudate-resident" macrophages have PA in the NE, @entity1893 , and some virginal lysosomes. In addition, peroxidase-negative macrophages were also present. A monoclonal antibody, @entity11496 , that specifically recognizes a @entity19 macrophage differentiation antigen (Austyn and Gordon, 1981) was used in this study. To compare the indirect immunoperoxidase labeling of this antigen and the endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry on the cellular level, a combined method was developed. Finally, the method was applied to the peritoneal cells at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of NCS in @entity19 . The relative numbers of cells demonstrating the different patterns of endogenous PA and the proportions of each subpopulation expressing @entity11496 antigen were estimated. It appeared that the expression of the antigen @entity11496 coincides with the development of the resident pattern of PA. It is therefore concluded that the macrophages with the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidase are derived from monocyte-like exudate macrophages. In addition, the results indicate that both exudate-resident macrophages and at least a part of the peroxidase-negative macrophages are transitional forms.

title: The development of the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity in XXXX peritoneal macrophages coincides with the expression of the differentiation antigen @entity11496 . A combined method for immunoperoxidase labeling and endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11332 genotype (HBoV-1) is a parvovirus associated with @entity1729 in @entity1 with different degrees of severity. The current study intended to improve the direct gene sequencing of the HBoV-1 using a newly developed primer set. Screening the presence of @entity11332 @entity281 among in- @entity1 @entity1 suffering from @entity1729 was another aim of the current study. Nasopharyngeal swab samples from in- @entity1 @entity1 suffering from @entity1729 were examined. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for the initial screening as a highly sensitive method to detect the HBoV. Genotyping of real-time positive samples was attempted by direct sequencing of PCR amplicons using NP, VP1/2 and the newly developed @entity3548 /NC primers. HBoV-1 was present in 56.8% of the examined @entity1 . The newly developed primer set successfully amplified all real-time PCR positive samples, however, the other primer pairs did not reliably detect real-time PCR positive samples. The gene sequences of the detected HBoV-1 showed conserved sequences to each other with a low rate of discrepancies. The high rate of @entity281 and the similarity between the detected strains strongly suggest @entity580 .

title: A novel primer set for improved direct gene sequencing of XXXX genotype-1 from clinical samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11332 :: ('329641', 'Species') :: ['Human bocavirus', 'human bocavirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity11332 :: (329641,Species) :: ['human bocavirus']


abstract: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, intensity and effects of soil-transmitted helminth and @entity12354 was undertaken among @entity1 at the Buea Hospital Annex located in Buea sub-division of Cameroon. Stool samples from 356 subjects (174 males and 182 females) were collected and processed using standard concentration methods. Our results showed that 31.0% of subjects were infected with intestinal helminths and the prevalence was higher in females (32.4%) than in males (30.5%). A significantly higher prevalence was observed in rural (47.2%) than in urban areas (21.0%); significance < 0.1%. Prevalence was highest among those aged between 6 and 12 years (41.4%). The total prevalence of @entity281 were 19.3% for @entity9124 , 14.0% for hookworm and 11.8% for @entity13857 . The intensity of @entity281 was unevenly distributed, with very heavy loads concentrated in a few individuals. Data also showed that 28.1% (100/356) of the subjects were infected with protozoans. Females showed a higher prevalence (28.6%; 52/182) than males (20.7%; 36/174). Also, there was a significantly higher prevalence in rural (34.0%; 49/144) than urban areas (18.4%; 39/212); significance < 0.1%. The age group 6-12 years again had a higher prevalence (37.1%; 26/70). The total prevalence of intestinal protozoans was: @entity2330 (24.4%), Entamoeba coli (11.2%) and @entity461 (0.6%). These relatively heavy prevalences in @entity1 may be reduced by appropriate medication and maintaining strict personal hygiene. Health education, clean water supply, good sewage management and a congenial environment will all help to minimize @entity281 .

title: The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth and XXXX in south-west Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'intestinal helminth infections']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity12354 :: ('MESH:D011528', 'Disease') :: ['protozoan infections']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura']

answer: @entity12354 :: (MESH:D011528,Disease) :: ['protozoan infections']


abstract: The authors report their findings on @entity4509 concentrations in serum and in the lungs, its diffusion in the parenchyma of the lungs--evaluated from the ratio tissue/serum concentrations, and they also compare their results with those registered during a study on @entity8911 , @entity2890 and @entity5153 , designed according to the same protocol. Ten @entity1 with @entity153 who had to undergo chirurgical excision, received 5 IM injections at 12-hourly intervals. The dose administrated at each injection was 7.5 mg/kg. The assay of @entity4509 was realized by HPLC. Serum concentrations at the presumed peak (17 micrograms/ml) and 12 hours after that were somewhat lower than those reported by other authors. The mean tissue concentrations 2 h 20 min. after the last injection were 14,95 +/- 4,52 micrograms/g in the normal parenchyma, and 16,18 +/- 3,67 micrograms/g in the pathological parenchyma. The ratio concentrations in the tissues and in serum were comparable for both the normal and pathological parenchyma. Compared to @entity8911 , @entity2890 and @entity5153 , this study confirms the large distribution of the @entity581 in the lung parenchyma. The behaviour of @entity8911 and @entity2890 with regard to the pathological parenchyma is rather comparable; @entity5153 better penetrates into the normal parenchyma, and the diffusion of @entity4509 is parallel for both the normal and pathological tissues.

title: [Diffusion of XXXX in the lungs].

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity8911 :: ('MESH:D003982', 'Chemical') :: ['dibekacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with normal @entity886 requires aggressive resection in the subaortic region and preservation of the aortic valve. The modified Konno procedure allows generous exposure of the LVOT from the left ventricular apex to the inter leaflet trigones of the aortic valve. Widespread use of this procedure has been limited by concern over injury to the aortic valve, the conduction system, and possibility of residual @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of pertinent data for all @entity1 undergoing the modified Konno procedure (1994 to 2001) at the University of Iowa were reviewed. RESULTS: The modified Konno procedure was used in 18 @entity1 (age 1 to 31) for @entity3585 associated with diffuse narrowing of the LVOT (n = 7), a discrete @entity82 (n = 7), or a @entity82 associated with abnormal mitral attachments (n = 4). Eight @entity1 had previously undergone LVOT resection. There were no perioperative @entity204 . Estimated LVOT peak gradients by echocardiogram were 70.4 +/- 24.2 mm Hg (preoperative) and 19.2 +/- 20.4 mm Hg (postoperative) at most recent followup (p < 0.001 vs preop). @entity337 was moderate in one @entity1 (present preop) and mild or less in all other @entity1 . There were no cases of permanent @entity616 . Small residual VSDs were present in five @entity1 (28%). Median follow-up is 3.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Konno procedure can effectively relieve complex @entity3585 and preserve @entity886 . Extension of this procedure for use in the initial presentation of LVOT may be appropriate in cases at increased risk of recurrent @entity3585 .

title: The modified Konno procedure for complex left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous ring']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['LVOT obstruction']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve function']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been substantial demand for @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ) in Uganda in the early programme scale-up phase. Research indicates that early adopters of new interventions often differ from later adopters in relation to a range of behaviours. However, there is limited knowledge about the risk profile of @entity1 who were willing to be circumcised at the time of launching the @entity3930 programme, i.e., potential early adopters, compared to those who were reluctant. The aim of this study was to address this gap to provide indications on whether it is likely that potential early adopters of male circumcision were more in need of this new prevention measure than others. METHODS: Data were from the 2011 Uganda AIDS Indictor Survey (UAIS), with a nationally representative sample of @entity1 15 to 59 years. The analysis was based on generalized linear models, obtaining prevalence risk ratios (PRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as measures of association between willingness to be circumcised and multiple sexual partners, transactional sex, non-marital sex and non-use of condoms at last non-marital sex. RESULTS: Of the 5,776 @entity1 in the survey, 44% expressed willingness to be circumcised. Willingness to be circumcised was higher among the younger, urban and educated @entity1 . In the unadjusted analyses, all the @entity458 were associated with willingness to be circumcised, while in the adjusted analysis, non-marital sex (Adj @entity6765 .27; CI: 1.16-1.40) and non-use of condoms at last such sex (Adj @entity6765 .18; CI: 1.07-1.29) were associated with higher willingness to be circumcised. CONCLUSION: Willingness to be circumcised was relatively high at the launch of the @entity3930 programme and was more common among uncircumcised @entity1 reporting @entity458 . This indicates that the early adopters of @entity3930 were likely to be in particular need of such additional @entity645 protective measures.

title: Sexual Risk Behaviours and Willingness to Be Circumcised among Uncircumcised Adult XXXX in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'safe male circumcision']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual risk behaviours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: Ovarian hormonal influences on the range of physiological and behavioral variables which combine to affect overall energy balance are poorly delineated. In the present study 4 groups of virgin, female @entity35 (intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized with @entity172 replacement and ovariectomized with @entity172 plus @entity1420 ) were allowed access to running wheels and activity; food intake and @entity1017 were measured initially under food restricted, then under ad lib conditions. Serum insulin, @entity413 , @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) were determined on trunk blood samples obtained at the end of the experiment. Ovariectomy resulted in an increased rate of @entity1017 through reduced activity and T3 but food intake was unchanged. Insulin levels were greatly reduced. @entity172 replacement restored activity to the intact group's level and normalized @entity1017 . Insulin and T3 were also raised to control levels but T4 was reduced as was serum @entity413 . @entity172 plus @entity1420 replacement reduced @entity1017 markedly and increased T3 with normal T4. Despite the lower body weight this group was @entity1602 and @entity1717 suggesting insulin resistance. The results have important implications for the glucoregulatory and energy balance perturbations of @entity43 and focus particularly on @entity1420 .

title: Ovarian hormone effects on activity, glucoregulation and thyroid hormones in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hormone fluctuations']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (serum @entity14257 <32 ng/mL; HVD) in a population of elderly veterans and conduct a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of supplementation with @entity3875 in correcting HVD. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Geriatric clinic at the Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida. @entity1 : Veterans aged 70 and older. INTERVENTION: Oral @entity3875 2,000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity460 , @entity14257 , parathyroid hormone, and 24-hour urinary @entity460 . RESULTS: Of the 34 @entity1 who completed the study, 62% had HVD at baseline. In the treatment group, mean serum @entity14257 level rose from 28.4  7.9 ng/mL at baseline to 42.7  10.5 ng/mL at the end of the trial, but levels remained less than 32 ng/mL in three of 17 (18%) of the @entity1 . In the placebo group, the baseline level of 27.7  8.3 ng/mL remained unchanged (28.8  8.7 ng/mL). Supplementation did not alter serum or urinary @entity460 levels and did not result in any adverse events. CONCLUSION: These initial observations suggest that, in older veterans, @entity3875 2,000 IU daily for 6 months is generally safe and corrects HVD in most but not all individuals.

title: The response of elderly veterans to daily XXXX supplementation of 2,000 IU: a pilot efficacy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity74 in dairy herds negatively influences productivity and reproductive performance. Concrete data from local areas are helpful for explaining the importance of peripartum management to dairy farmers. This study was conducted to clarify the association of culling and @entity204 rate within 30 days after calving with productivity or reproductive performance in 179 dairy herds in Fukuoka, Southern Japan. A database was compiled from the records of the Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, the Dairy Cooperative Association and the Federation of Agricultural Mutual Relief Association. In this study, we created a comprehensive database of dairy farm production data for epidemiological analysis and used a general linear mixed model to analyze the association of culling and @entity204 rate within 30 days after calving with milk production or reproductive performance. The database can be used to describe, analyze and predict the risk of production. A cross-sectional analysis with contrasts was applied to investigate the association of @entity291 served by AI/all @entity291 , pregnant @entity291 / @entity291 served by AI, days open, milk yield and somatic cell counts with culling and @entity204 rate within 30 days after calving. The days open value significantly increased with increasing rate of culling and @entity204 within 30 days after calving (P for trend <0.001). No significant differences were found for the other comparisons. Our data suggest that proper feeding and management in the dry period may lead to improved postpartum reproductive performance in this dairy @entity291 cohort.

title: The association of culling and XXXX rate within 30 days after calving with productivity or reproductive performance in dairy herds in Fukuoka, Southern Japan.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['peripartum disorders']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1881 and @entity2076 are the two major forms of @entity270 in @entity1 plasma and the primary lipid soluble antioxidants. The dietary intake of @entity2076 is generally higher than that of @entity1881 . However, @entity1881 plasma levels are about four fold higher than those of @entity2076 . Among other factors, a preferential cellular uptake of @entity2076 over @entity1881 could contribute to the observed higher plasma @entity1881 levels. In this investigation, we studied the uptake and depletion of both @entity1881 and @entity2076 (separately and together) in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages. Similar studies were performed with @entity5629 and @entity5629 , which are oxidation products of @entity4793 . RESULTS: RAW 264.7 macrophages showed a greater uptake of @entity2076 compared to @entity1881 (with uptake being defined as the net difference between @entity4793 transported into the cells and loss due to catabolism and/or in vitro oxidation). Surprisingly, we also found that the presence of @entity2076 promoted the cellular uptake of @entity1881 . Mass balance considerations suggest that products other than @entity3276 were formed during the incubation of @entity4793 with macrophages. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that @entity2076 could play a significant role in modulating intracellular antioxidant defence mechanisms. Moreover, we found the presence of @entity2076 dramatically influenced the cellular accumulation of @entity1881 , i.e., @entity2076 promoted the accumulation of @entity1881 . If these results could be extrapolated to in vivo conditions they suggest that @entity2076 is selectively taken up by cells and removed from plasma more rapidly than @entity1881 . This could, in part, contribute to the selective maintenance of @entity1881 in plasma compared to @entity2076 .

title: The uptake of XXXX by RAW 264.7 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5629 :: ('MESH:C002421', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-tocopheryl quinone', 'alpha-tocopheryl quinone']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol', 'Alpha-Tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol', 'tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity2076 :: ('MESH:D024504', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-tocopherol']

answer: @entity4793 :: (MESH:D024505,Chemical) :: ['tocopherols']


abstract: The mechanism by which leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induces airway narrowing in @entity1 is unclear. We have investigated this by examining the effect of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 on the sensitivity of in vitro preparations of @entity1 bronchi to LTD4 and @entity2710 , and on the bronchoconstriction induced in normal subjects by these agonists in vivo. In vitro smooth muscle sensitivity was assessed by the concentration of LTD4 and @entity2710 causing a 50% of maximum contraction (EC50) and as the maximum @entity2701 generated. @entity1855 did not alter baseline @entity2701 or the response to LTD4 but did inhibit contractile responses to @entity2710 . In vivo studies were performed in six normal subjects; they inhaled increasing concentrations of LTD4 (0.4-50 micrograms/ml) or @entity2710 (2-64 mg/ml). Airway responsiveness in vivo was expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) of agonist producing a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PC35sGaw) and a 30% fall in flow at 30% of vital capacity (PC30 V30(p)). @entity1855 did not alter baseline sGaw or V30(p). One subject did not respond to LTD4 on either day. In contrast to the in vitro results, @entity1855 produced a greater than 10 fold reduction in LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction, but had no effect on @entity2710 induced bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that in normal subjects bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled LTD4 is due to a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms.

title: In vitro and in vivo effect of XXXX on @entity1 airway responsiveness to leukotriene D4.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The mechanism by which leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induces airway narrowing in @entity1 is unclear. We have investigated this by examining the effect of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 on the sensitivity of in vitro preparations of @entity1 bronchi to LTD4 and @entity2710 , and on the bronchoconstriction induced in normal subjects by these agonists in vivo. In vitro smooth muscle sensitivity was assessed by the concentration of LTD4 and @entity2710 causing a 50% of maximum contraction (EC50) and as the maximum @entity2701 generated. @entity1855 did not alter baseline @entity2701 or the response to LTD4 but did inhibit contractile responses to @entity2710 . In vivo studies were performed in six normal subjects; they inhaled increasing concentrations of LTD4 (0.4-50 micrograms/ml) or @entity2710 (2-64 mg/ml). Airway responsiveness in vivo was expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) of agonist producing a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PC35sGaw) and a 30% fall in flow at 30% of vital capacity (PC30 V30(p)). @entity1855 did not alter baseline sGaw or V30(p). One subject did not respond to LTD4 on either day. In contrast to the in vitro results, @entity1855 produced a greater than 10 fold reduction in LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction, but had no effect on @entity2710 induced bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that in normal subjects bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled LTD4 is due to a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms.

title: In vitro and in vivo effect of @entity1855 on XXXX airway responsiveness to leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity5070 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity6822 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity6822 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity5 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity2 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity6822 release of (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity6822 - @entity4625 and (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity840 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity4653 at 6 months. Viability of @entity1 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity6822 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity6822 - @entity4625 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity6822 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity6822 - @entity4625 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity4653 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity6822 - @entity4625 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity5 properties of @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating XXXX Chitosan into @entity4625 Bone Cement Containing @entity1499 .

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity5070 :: (CHEBI:41402,Chemical) :: ['Carboxymethyl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity5070 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity6822 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity6822 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity5 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity2 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity6822 release of (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity6822 - @entity4625 and (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity840 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity4653 at 6 months. Viability of @entity1 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity6822 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity6822 - @entity4625 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity6822 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity6822 - @entity4625 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity4653 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity6822 - @entity4625 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity5 properties of @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating @entity5070 Chitosan into @entity4625 Bone Cement Containing XXXX .

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity5070 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity6822 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity6822 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity5 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity2 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity6822 release of (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity6822 - @entity4625 and (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity840 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity4653 at 6 months. Viability of @entity1 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity6822 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity6822 - @entity4625 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity6822 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity6822 - @entity4625 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity4653 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity6822 )- @entity4625 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity6822 - @entity4625 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity5 properties of @entity6822 - @entity4625 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating @entity5070 Chitosan into XXXX Bone Cement Containing @entity1499 .

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment variables associated with survival in @entity1 with @entity89 ( @entity89 ) and to compare survival in @entity1 treated before 1991 with those managed with more @entity146 treatment protocols since 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with @entity89 treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1967 through 2007. @entity1 were divided by treatment date into Group 1, 1967 to 1991 (n = 30) and Group 2, 1992 to 2009 (n = 17). Medical records were reviewed to collect the following: demographic, radiographic, @entity5 -specific, treatment, and survival data. The 2 subgroups were statistically compared. RESULTS: There were 47 @entity1 (32 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 30.9 years (range 4 to 74). Mandibular location showed a trend toward improved survival (P = .06). Average @entity5 size was 4.38 cm (range 0.5 to 9.0 cm). Larger @entity5 were associated with decreased overall survival (P = .016). Higher grade @entity5 had decreased overall survival (P = .01). Clear surgical margins were obtained in 67% of @entity1 . Clear surgical margins correlated with improved survival (P = .002). Maxillary @entity89 constituted 83% of those with positive margins. Overall, 5-year survival was 68%. Improved 5-year survival was noted in group 2 (77%) compared with group 1 (52%) [P = .0073]. @entity1 who developed secondary @entity421 (n = 10) had 4.5-fold increased risk of @entity204 (P = .01). Recurrence was associated with 7-fold increased risk of @entity204 (P = .0008). Thirteen @entity1 died of @entity89 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival was noted in treatment group 2. This group benefited from improved imaging, earlier diagnosis and more @entity146 treatment that included improved surgical clearance. A clear survival advantage for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated.

title: XXXX of the jaws: factors influencing prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['JOS', 'jaw osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity1 with @entity613 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity66 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 were selected initially. Their @entity158 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity1 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity1 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity1 received for six months @entity10099 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity1 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity10099 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity10099 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity10099 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity10099 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity455 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: XXXX in chronic @entity455 . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using @entity10099 tablets 200 mg.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous origin of the disease']

entities_list: @entity10099 :: ('MESH:D009257', 'Chemical') :: ['Naftidrofuryl']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity10099 :: (MESH:D009257,Chemical) :: ['Naftidrofuryl']


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity1 with @entity613 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity66 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 were selected initially. Their @entity158 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity1 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity1 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity1 received for six months @entity10099 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity1 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity10099 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity10099 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity10099 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity10099 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity455 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: @entity10099 in chronic @entity455 . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using XXXX tablets 200 mg.

answer: @entity10099 :: (MESH:D009257,Chemical) :: ['Naftidrofuryl']


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity1 with @entity613 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity66 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 were selected initially. Their @entity158 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity1 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity1 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity1 received for six months @entity10099 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity1 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity10099 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity10099 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity10099 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity10099 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity455 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: @entity10099 in chronic XXXX . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using @entity10099 tablets 200 mg.

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['arterial disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avoiding tangential clamping of the ascending aorta during coronary bypass operations reduces the @entity130 to the aorta and may avoid local particulate embolization. METHODS: From December 2000 to May 2001, 21 male @entity1 , mean age 64.1 +/- 7.2 years (range, 46-76 years), with coronary artery 2-vessel (n = 3) and 3-vessel (n = 18) disease were divided randomly into 2 groups and underwent myocardial revascularization. In 11 @entity1 an aorta-saphenous vein graft @entity254 was performed with the CorLink device for @entity254 between the saphenous vein and the ascending aorta. Ten @entity1 served as control subjects. In these @entity1 the central bypass @entity254 was performed with a 6-0 running suture. Clinical follow-up was performed 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Six months after surgery, multislice computed tomography was performed to evaluate bypass patency for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Mean number of study vessels was 1.2 +/- 0.4 in the CorLink group and 1.5 +/- 0.5 in the control group. In the CorLink group, 13 additional arterial and vein grafts were performed, and in the suture control group 15 additional mammary artery grafts were carried out. No @entity3816 occurred. In 2 CorLink anastomoses an additional stitch was necessary because of minor @entity548 . Follow-up was carried out at 6 months with multislice computed tomography for all @entity1 and showed only 1 study vessel occlusion in the CorLink group. All 62 other bypass grafts were revealed to be patent and had anastomoses of good quality. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that the CorLink device is a safe and effective technique for @entity254 between saphenous vein grafts and the ascending aorta. The CorLink device could be used for totally endoscopic coronary bypass operations. Further randomized studies enrolling a larger number of @entity1 are necessary to determine which @entity1 may benefit the most from this procedure.

title: Clinical experience with the CorLink device for proximal XXXX of the saphenous vein to the aorta: a clinical, prospective, and randomized study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been clarified. Furthermore, less is known about the indication and strategy of revascularization in these high risk @entity1 . AIMS: This study sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity453 in @entity1 undergoing TAVI, and to assess the safety and feasibility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before TAVI. METHODS: @entity1 with severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) undergoing TAVI were included into a prospective single center registry from 2007 to 2012. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity453 . In some @entity1 with @entity453 , it was decided to perform elective PCI before TAVI after decision by the Heart team. The primary endpoints were 30-day and 2-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 91 consecutive @entity1 with mean age of 79        9   years (52% @entity1 ) underwent TAVI with a median follow-up duration of 16   months (interquartile range of 27.6   months). @entity453 was present on 46 @entity1 (51%). At 30-day, the incidences of @entity204 were similar between @entity453 and non- @entity453 @entity1 (9 and 5%, p   =   0.44), but at 2   years were 50% in @entity453 @entity1 and 24% in non- @entity453 @entity1 [crude hazard ratio with @entity453 , 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.6; p   =   0.04]. Adjusting for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and glomerular filtration rate, the hazard of @entity204 was 2.6-fold higher in @entity1 with @entity453 (95% CI, 1.1-6.0; p   =   0.03). Elective PCI before TAVI was performed in 13 @entity1 (28% of @entity453 @entity1 ). There were no more adverse events in @entity1 who underwent TAVI   +   PCI when compared with those who underwent isolated TAVI. CONCLUSION: In severe symptomatic @entity472 who underwent TAVI, @entity453 is frequent and adversely impacts long-term outcomes, but not procedure outcomes. In selected @entity1 , PCI before TAVI appears to be feasible and safe.

title: @entity453 and Symptomatic Severe XXXX : Clinical Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Valve Stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been clarified. Furthermore, less is known about the indication and strategy of revascularization in these high risk @entity1 . AIMS: This study sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity453 in @entity1 undergoing TAVI, and to assess the safety and feasibility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before TAVI. METHODS: @entity1 with severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) undergoing TAVI were included into a prospective single center registry from 2007 to 2012. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity453 . In some @entity1 with @entity453 , it was decided to perform elective PCI before TAVI after decision by the Heart team. The primary endpoints were 30-day and 2-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 91 consecutive @entity1 with mean age of 79        9   years (52% @entity1 ) underwent TAVI with a median follow-up duration of 16   months (interquartile range of 27.6   months). @entity453 was present on 46 @entity1 (51%). At 30-day, the incidences of @entity204 were similar between @entity453 and non- @entity453 @entity1 (9 and 5%, p   =   0.44), but at 2   years were 50% in @entity453 @entity1 and 24% in non- @entity453 @entity1 [crude hazard ratio with @entity453 , 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.6; p   =   0.04]. Adjusting for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and glomerular filtration rate, the hazard of @entity204 was 2.6-fold higher in @entity1 with @entity453 (95% CI, 1.1-6.0; p   =   0.03). Elective PCI before TAVI was performed in 13 @entity1 (28% of @entity453 @entity1 ). There were no more adverse events in @entity1 who underwent TAVI   +   PCI when compared with those who underwent isolated TAVI. CONCLUSION: In severe symptomatic @entity472 who underwent TAVI, @entity453 is frequent and adversely impacts long-term outcomes, but not procedure outcomes. In selected @entity1 , PCI before TAVI appears to be feasible and safe.

title: XXXX and Symptomatic Severe @entity472 : Clinical Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['Coronary Artery Disease']


abstract: Although chronic intrathecal catheterization is a widely used method in @entity35 , few calibration experiments have been performed. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the side position of the catheter tip and the side differences observed in the motor and @entity132 after intrathecal administration of @entity3303 to a large number of @entity35 . The existence of a @entity616 was determined by the paw withdrawal test. The motor impairment was assessed by observing the complete clubbing of the hindpaw and measuring the hindpaw grip strength. After experimental use, we established the position of the catheter tip. The catheter tips were variously located in all directions of the transverse plane in the @entity35 spinal subarachnoid space. @entity3303 administration (100 or 500 microg/5 microL; n = 264 and 112, respectively) led to dose-dependent motor and @entity132 . The effect of 100 microg of @entity3303 exhibited side differences; i.e., the extents of both motor (r = 0.77) and sensory (r = 0.60 and r = 0.67 for the right and the left side, respectively) disturbances correlated significantly with the location of the catheter tip. Our data have shown that detection of the paralytic and/or antinociceptive effect of small-dose @entity3303 before planned experiments is a simple and reliable method for prediction of the location of the catheter tip. We suggest that the position of the catheter might cause side differences in the drug effect, especially if small doses of drugs are administered and their effects are investigated on both sides.

title: The significance of intrathecal catheter location in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The third-generation cephalosporins and some newer @entity3405 compounds such as the monobactams and carbapenems, when compared with first- and second-generation cephalosporins, have an extended spectrum of activity and generally greater activity against gram-negative bacilli of clinical importance. The increased spectrum includes the Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 . Although the third-generation cephalosporins have some activity against @entity796 , of those drugs now available in the United States, @entity5505 and @entity2891 are much more active than the others, and @entity5505 is more active than @entity2891 . The activity of the third-generation compounds against Acinetobacter species and other @entity796 species is limited. These compounds inhibit the growth of @entity6728 and Neisseria species (including beta-lactamase-producing isolates), nonenterococcal streptococci, and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. They also inhibit the growth of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci but generally are not as active against these organisms as are the first-generation cephalosporins. They do not inhibit @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . The activity of third-generation cephalosporins against anaerobes varies, but @entity3399 and @entity8933 are similar in activity to @entity3398 , a second-generation compound. The third-generation @entity2886 do not inhibit the growth of Listeria. A majority of organisms resistant to @entity5821 and @entity5503 (first- and second-generation cephalosporins) and to @entity581 are inhibited by third-generation cephalosporins.

title: Review of in vitro activity of third-generation cephalosporins and other newer XXXX antibiotics against clinically important bacteria.

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: Because of apparent inconsistencies in the two trials of neutron therapy carried out under its auspices, the MRC in 1982 requested a comparative review of the data in the Hammersmith and Edinburgh trials in so far as the clinical material allowed of such comparison. It was clear that the two trials were not only not contemporaneous (Hammersmith 1971-75; Edinburgh 1977-82) but that they differed in site and stage of disease as well as in the parameters of radiation dosage. Only a fraction of the @entity1 were comparable and this review, which sets out the differences in design and conduct of the two trials, focuses on @entity957 in the four sites--oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx--which were common in both. The first 120 @entity1 entered into the Edinburgh trial have been compared with the 95 @entity1 selected from 161 in the Hammersmith trial who would have been eligible at Edinburgh by reason of the site of disease and histology. Thus, Hammersmith @entity1 with @entity5 of salivary glands, sinuses and neck nodes were, of necessity, excluded. Within such limitations the data on case distribution, @entity5 size and stage, the parameters of radiation dosage and the outcome in @entity5 control, survival and treatment morbidity have been subjected to rigorous assessment and analysis. The important aspects in which the two investigations had differed included the stage of disease (more advanced at Hammersmith, with 63% of @entity1 having fixed nodes, compared with 27% at Edinburgh); radiation dosage (the median neutron dose being 5% lower at Edinburgh than at Hammersmith while the median photon dose was l0% higher at Edinburgh); the "photon arm" of the Edinburgh trial being on site whereas that at Hammersmith had been at multiple centres; and the years in which the trials had been carried out. The two series are comparable in terms of treatment failure (local recurrence or late radiation death) following local @entity5 control. The results are also consistent in associating an increased incidence of late severe radiation morbidity and of intercurrent deaths with neutron therapy. In three other respects the results of the two series differ. At Edinburgh there was advantage to the photon-treated @entity1 in terms of overall mortality, whereas at Hammersmith the advantage was to those treated with neutrons. The incidence of @entity5 regression for @entity1 randomised to photons was much lower in the Hammersmith trial than for neutrons, whereas in Edinburgh the two modalities gave similar results.

title: A comparative review of the Hammersmith (1971-75) and Edinburgh (1977-82) neutron therapy trials of certain XXXX of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Medical Research Council Neutron Therapy Working Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'terms of tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clinically whether the addition of @entity3584 to the one-bottle enamel-dentin adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (GCB) has a desensitizing function, as insinuated by the brand name Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity158 studies following identical protocols were conducted in Abu Dhabi (A) and Bologna (B). Each of the 60 and 59 @entity1 selected, respectively, had two sensitive cervical tooth sites, characterized by a score three or higher on a five-step @entity158 scale: 1 (no), 2 (slight), 3 (mild), 4 (severe), 5 (very severe) discomfort upon application of a 2-second cold air stimulus. The buccal sensitive sites treated in A were generally small, in B larger and in most cases extending into the proximal tooth area. The @entity1 indicated their discomfort level according to the @entity158 scale prior to and immediately after topical application of GCB and GCB+D, respectively, and then at recalls after 1 week, 1 (A) or 3 (B) months, and 6 months. The data was statistically analyzed by chi2-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: With the cumulative scores 1 and 2, the following percentage success rates were found for GCB/GCB+D. A: postoperatively 93/98, 1 week and 1 month 98/98, and at 6 months 92/100. In B, the respective decrease in sensitivity was uniformly 43/100 throughout the entire evaluation period, postoperatively through 6 months. The 33 teeth (57%) of GCB with scores 3 and 4 in the B-study received a rescue treatment with Gluma Desensitizer immediately after the 1 week recall. This regimen reduced the sensitivity instantaneously to scores 1 and 2 until the end of the evaluation after 6 months. In the A-study, GCB+D was significantly more effective than GCB after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, in the B-study at all recall sessions. It is hypothesized that a thin film of adhesive applied to a sensitive area may not polymerize and seal the dentin surface adequately due to @entity26 inhibition. In particular, proximal sensitive tooth sites with poor access for adhesive application are suspected to remain inadequately sealed with a polymer film and thus sensitive. In this latter case however, @entity3584 as a component of the adhesive compound will result in coagulation of peripheral tubular liquid protein and thus desensitization, due to hampering of the liquid shift across the tubules upon excitation of a cold stimulus. In conclusion, @entity3584 played an active and effective role as a desensitizing agent, when added to the @entity1068 -water based one-bottle adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond.

title: Clinical evaluation of the role of XXXX in a one-bottle adhesive.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutardialdehyde']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutardialdehyde']


abstract: Over the past 30 years, treatment advances and the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have led to improved 5-year survival in @entity1 with @entity421 . More recent literature suggests the overall prognosis remains highly variable, with little improvement since the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor @entity39 is an important predictor of @entity1 prognosis. Necrosis of more than 90% correlates with overall survival (OS) approaching 75%. We reviewed the history of @entity421 treatment and survival and performed a meta-analysis of the 2000-2011 literature. Forty articles were included in the study. Five-year OS was 63% (95% confidence interval, 60%-66%) in studies that included @entity1 with metastatic and nonmetastatic disease and 71% (95% confidence interval, 67%-76%) in studies that included only @entity1 with nonmetastatic disease. Fifty percent of the @entity1 in the studies of those with nonmetastatic @entity421 achieved 90% @entity39 on histology. Five-year OS and number of @entity1 achieving 90% @entity39 are consistent with previous reports. Research is needed to improve treatment regimens and @entity1 outcomes.

title: XXXX : A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity1 race/ethnicity in electronic health records is mandated and important for tracking health disparities. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the quality of race/ethnicity data collection efforts. METHODS: For all @entity5 @entity1 diagnosed (2007-2010) at two hospitals, we extracted demographic data from five sources: 1) a university hospital @entity5 registry, 2) a university electronic medical record (EMR), 3) a community hospital @entity5 registry, 4) a community EMR, and 5) a joint clinical research registry. The @entity1 whose data we examined (N   =   17  834) contributed 41   025 entries (range: 2-5 per @entity1 across sources), and the source comparisons generated 1-10 unique pairs per @entity1 . We used generalized estimating equations, chi-squares tests, and kappas estimates to assess data availability and agreement. RESULTS: Compared to sex and insurance status, race/ethnicity information was significantly less likely to be available (  (2   )>   8043, P   <   .001), with variation across sources (  (2   )>   10  589, P   <   .001). The university EMR had a high prevalence of "Unknown" values. Aggregate kappa estimates across the sources was 0.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.45; N   =   31  276 unique pairs), but improved in sensitivity analyses that excluded the university EMR source (k   =   0.89). Race/ethnicity data were in complete agreement for only 6988 @entity1 (39.2%). Pairs with a "Black" data value in one of the sources had the highest agreement (95.3%), whereas pairs with an "Other" value exhibited the lowest agreement across sources (11.1%). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that high-quality race/ethnicity data are attainable. Many of the "errors" in race/ethnicity data are caused by missing or "Unknown" data values. CONCLUSIONS: To facilitate transparent reporting of healthcare delivery outcomes by race/ethnicity, healthcare systems need to monitor and enforce race/ethnicity data collection standards.

title: Assessing race and ethnicity data quality across XXXX registries and EMRs in two hospitals.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from lectin-stimulated @entity1 leukocytes contains factors that induce @entity1 promyelocytic cell lines to differentiate along the monocytic pathway. In this report, we show that @entity1 promyelocytic cell lines are also induced to differentiate along this pathway by immune interferon ( @entity379 ). Various preparations of @entity3027 tested did not induce this differentiation. In cultures containing @entity379 , the cells are induced to coordinately express monocyte markers and functions such as monocyte-specific surface antigens, HLA-DR antigens, nonspecific esterase, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, and the ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 . Our data indicate that differentiation induced by @entity379 is not secondary to an arrest of growth of promyelocytic cell lines, but rather that a proportion of cells is induced along a programmed pathway of terminal differentiation similar to that of normal monocytes. @entity558 contains @entity379 , but its ability to induce differentiation is greater than expected on the basis of its content of @entity379 . Treatments at 56 degrees C or at pH 2.0, which abolish @entity379 activity, abrogate the differentiation ability of @entity558 . The antiviral activity and the differentiation activity contained in the @entity558 are coeluted from gel filtration and reverse-phase columns. Monoclonal antibodies anti- @entity379 , which completely abrogate the differentiation ability of @entity379 and the antiviral activity in the @entity558 , completely suppress the induction of some monocyte markers by @entity558 , but only reduce the expression of others. When @entity379 is added to @entity558 , promyelocytic cell lines are induced to differentiate to a much greater extent than that induced by either @entity379 or @entity379 -depleted @entity558 alone. These results show that the differentiation activity of leukocyte @entity558 is due to the synergistic effect of @entity379 and other factors not yet identified.

title: Role of immune interferon in the monocytic differentiation of XXXX promyelocytic cell lines induced by leukocyte conditioned medium.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Synthetic @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), @entity1 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and salmon LHRH (sLHRH) were injected intravenously into conscious, adult toads (Bufo marinus) to elucidate the cardiovascular actions of the hormones. The maximal increases in pulse pressure elicited by the three peptides did not differ from each other but only @entity2178 increased cardiac frequency. The maximal @entity101 (MAP) caused by LHRH and sLHRH were identical, while @entity2178 caused a 100% greater maximal effect. The median effective doses (ED50) for both @entity2178 and LHRH were approximately 0.1 nmol kg-1 whereas the potency of sLHRH was 10 fold less. Pressor responses to LHRH and sLHRH were blocked completely by (D-pGlu1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6)-LHRH but this antagonist did not inhibit @entity2178 . Significant proportions of circulating, endogenous @entity935 , @entity1063 (NA) and @entity1425 (Ad) were found to be sulphoconjugated. Arterial plasma concentration of free NA increased simultaneously with the rise in blood pressure following @entity2178 injection. The magnitude of the free NA response increased with increasing @entity2178 dose but even a high dose failed to augment the plasma level of conjugated NA. @entity2178 did not alter concentrations of free or conjugated @entity935 and Ad. Intraarterial injection of an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity3159 , caused sustained elevation of arterial pressure and free Ad. Subsequently @entity2178 lowered plasma Ad concentration. @entity3159 inhibited the NA response to @entity2178 yet the pressor effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist and @entity2178 were additive. Administration of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity1169 , largely reversed the cardiovascular sequelae of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. It is concluded, firstly, that the cardiovascular actions of @entity2178 and LHRH are mediated through different receptors. Secondly, although it had been shown that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor mechanisms mediate the pressor effect of LHRH, the present experiments showed that mobilization of @entity2661 cannot account for the pressor response to @entity2178 . Thirdly, both free and conjugated @entity2661 circulate in toads; however the extent of conjugation can be dissociated from the changes in free NA and Ad induced by @entity2178 and prazosin.

title: Conjugated XXXX and pressor responses to angiotensin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and prazosin in conscious toads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in mean arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: Chronic ingestion of diets containing 34% or 54% fat have been reported [Peptides 19 (1998) 1407] to decrease the inhibitory effect on food intake of doses of @entity8586 -8 (CCK-8) less than 1 microg/kg i.p. We attempted to replicate this phenomenon in three experiments by comparing the effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on the threshold dose of CCK-8 for inhibition and on the dose-response function for doses of CCK-8 that ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 microg/kg. The first experiment tested @entity35 five times per week. @entity35 on a 34% fat diet had a higher threshold (1.0 microg/kg) than @entity35 on a 5% fat diet (0.25 microg/kg). The dose-response functions, however, were not significantly different. This result replicated the earlier report [Peptides 19 (1998) 1407]. The second experiment tested @entity35 maintained on the same diets every other day as in the original report. It failed, however, to replicate the results of the first experiment or the earlier report because the threshold doses and the dose-response functions of CCK-8 were not significantly different between @entity35 on 34% and 5% fat diets. The third experiment compared the potency of CCK-8 in @entity35 on a 60% fat diet with the potency in @entity35 on a 5% fat diet. CCK-8 was significantly more potent in the @entity35 on the 60% fat diet because the threshold dose of these @entity35 was lower (0.125 microg/kg) than in @entity35 on the 5% fat diet (0.25 microg/kg), and the dose-response function in @entity35 on the 60% fat diet was significantly more potent than in @entity35 on the 5% fat diet. Thus, we observed two effects of the chronic ingestion of high-fat diets on the inhibitory potency of CCK-8: (1). A 34% fat diet increased the threshold dose of CCK-8 without changing the dose-response function in one of two experiments. (2). A 60% fat diet increased the potency of CCK-8 because it decreased the threshold dose and increased the dose-response function significantly.

title: Two effects of high-fat diets on the satiating potency of XXXX -8.

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']