abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of bayesian pharmacokinetic studies and the influence of clinical variables have been carried out in adults. PURPOSE: The aim was to estimate population-based pharmacokinetic of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) and to determine the effect of treatment and additional disease on its performance in @entity1 with @entity302 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study steady-state serum concentrations of @entity2052 were determined from 108 @entity302 @entity1 (44 females and 64 males) who were receiving the anticonvulsant as main drug of treatment with age range since 1 to 16 years (median 4y, 6m) and weight since 5.2 to 50 kg (median 17.5 kg). All @entity1 had their renal, hepatic and nutritional functions normal. One compartment model using interactive two-stage Bayesian approach was employed in the analysis. RESULTS; Population estimates of CL/F and V/F for @entity2052 were 0.022 +/- 0.013 L/h and 0.217 +/- 0.134 L/kg, respectively. These estimates were significantly affected by weight, age, @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The final regression models were: CL/F (L/h) = 0.0696 + 0.0031 (Age) + 0.0075 (Weight); and V/F (L) = 0.674 + 0.0308 (Age) + 0.0756 (Weight). Prediction of @entity2052 serum concentration in other validation group revealed an important improvement in the predictive performance of @entity2052 concentrations in comparison with the basic model that did not include any co-variables. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a population model of @entity1 with @entity302 , the pharmacokinetic of @entity2052 could be altered by weight, age and the administration of @entity2050 and additional @entity354 to @entity302 .

title: Effect of treatment and additional disease on pharmacokinetic of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of bayesian pharmacokinetic studies and the influence of clinical variables have been carried out in adults. PURPOSE: The aim was to estimate population-based pharmacokinetic of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) and to determine the effect of treatment and additional disease on its performance in @entity1 with @entity302 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study steady-state serum concentrations of @entity2052 were determined from 108 @entity302 @entity1 (44 females and 64 males) who were receiving the anticonvulsant as main drug of treatment with age range since 1 to 16 years (median 4y, 6m) and weight since 5.2 to 50 kg (median 17.5 kg). All @entity1 had their renal, hepatic and nutritional functions normal. One compartment model using interactive two-stage Bayesian approach was employed in the analysis. RESULTS; Population estimates of CL/F and V/F for @entity2052 were 0.022 +/- 0.013 L/h and 0.217 +/- 0.134 L/kg, respectively. These estimates were significantly affected by weight, age, @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The final regression models were: CL/F (L/h) = 0.0696 + 0.0031 (Age) + 0.0075 (Weight); and V/F (L) = 0.674 + 0.0308 (Age) + 0.0756 (Weight). Prediction of @entity2052 serum concentration in other validation group revealed an important improvement in the predictive performance of @entity2052 concentrations in comparison with the basic model that did not include any co-variables. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a population model of @entity1 with @entity302 , the pharmacokinetic of @entity2052 could be altered by weight, age and the administration of @entity2050 and additional @entity354 to @entity302 .

title: Effect of treatment and additional disease on pharmacokinetic of @entity1092 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of bayesian pharmacokinetic studies and the influence of clinical variables have been carried out in adults. PURPOSE: The aim was to estimate population-based pharmacokinetic of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) and to determine the effect of treatment and additional disease on its performance in @entity1 with @entity302 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study steady-state serum concentrations of @entity2052 were determined from 108 @entity302 @entity1 (44 females and 64 males) who were receiving the anticonvulsant as main drug of treatment with age range since 1 to 16 years (median 4y, 6m) and weight since 5.2 to 50 kg (median 17.5 kg). All @entity1 had their renal, hepatic and nutritional functions normal. One compartment model using interactive two-stage Bayesian approach was employed in the analysis. RESULTS; Population estimates of CL/F and V/F for @entity2052 were 0.022 +/- 0.013 L/h and 0.217 +/- 0.134 L/kg, respectively. These estimates were significantly affected by weight, age, @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) and @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The final regression models were: CL/F (L/h) = 0.0696 + 0.0031 (Age) + 0.0075 (Weight); and V/F (L) = 0.674 + 0.0308 (Age) + 0.0756 (Weight). Prediction of @entity2052 serum concentration in other validation group revealed an important improvement in the predictive performance of @entity2052 concentrations in comparison with the basic model that did not include any co-variables. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a population model of @entity1 with @entity302 , the pharmacokinetic of @entity2052 could be altered by weight, age and the administration of @entity2050 and additional @entity354 to @entity302 .

title: Effect of treatment and additional disease on pharmacokinetic of @entity1092 in XXXX with @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A 37-year-old housewife who had episodes of surgical removal for an @entity11552 of her right leg 15 years ago, and total removal for right lung metastasis 2 years ago, was admitted to our service with complaints of @entity10 , @entity391 , @entity1056 and recent memory disturbance which started about 4 months prior to admission. Neurological examination revealed @entity1829 and disorientation. Left carotid angiography and CT scan showed @entity5 in the @entity75 . Presumptive diagnosis of metastatic @entity1313 in the @entity75 was made in our service. Left fronto-parietal craniotomy was carried out on Feb. 22, 1977 and total removal for the @entity3 were made. Specimens of the @entity5 showed typical feature of @entity11552 histologically. Postoperative course was well and she was discharged without @entity51 . Two years after the previous surgery for cerebral metastasis, another @entity3 was found in the @entity75 . Total removal for this solitary @entity3 was performed again. Histological and electron microscopical examination was made with this @entity5 specimen. Typical feature of @entity11552 was confirmed. She was discharged with a marked improvement of her symptoms. At present, it has been passed about a year after the second surgery on her, she is doing well without @entity51 . Clinical features of @entity11552 were discussed, especially with the comparison of clinical feature between the reported cases of Japan and the cases of foreign countries. Regarding the choice of the treatment of this @entity5 , total removal was seemed to be the best management. Therefore, all efforts should be focussed to discover in the earlier stage of this @entity5 .

title: [A case of XXXX with lung and cerebral metastasis (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'a ball-like vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lobe again', 'left frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['dyscalculia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft-part sarcoma']

answer: @entity11552 :: (MESH:D018234,Disease) :: ['alveolar soft-part sarcoma']


abstract: MOTIVATION: High-throughput methods for detecting molecular interactions have produced large sets of biological network data with much more yet to come. Analogous to sequence alignment, efficient and reliable network alignment methods are expected to improve our understanding of biological systems. Unlike sequence alignment, network alignment is computationally intractable. Hence, devising efficient network alignment heuristics is currently a foremost challenge in computational biology. RESULTS: We introduce a novel network alignment algorithm, called @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ), which can integrate any number and type of similarity measures between network nodes (e.g. proteins), including, but not limited to, any topological network similarity measure, sequence similarity, functional similarity and structural similarity. Hence, we resolve the ties in similarity measures and find a combination of similarity measures yielding the largest contiguous (i.e. connected) and biologically sound alignments. @entity1297 exposes the largest functional, connected regions of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network similarity to date: surprisingly, it reveals that 77.7% of proteins in the @entity375 high-confidence PPI network participate in such a subnetwork that is fully contained in the @entity1 high-confidence PPI network. This is the first demonstration that species as diverse as @entity375 and @entity1 contain so large, continuous regions of global network similarity. We apply @entity1297 's alignments to predict functions of un-annotated proteins in @entity375 , @entity1 and bacteria validating our predictions in the literature. Furthermore, using network alignment scores for PPI networks of different herpes viruses, we reconstruct their phylogenetic relationship. This is the first time that phylogeny is exactly reconstructed from purely topological alignments of PPI networks. AVAILABILITY: Supplementary files and @entity1297 executables: http://bio-nets.doc.ic.ac.uk/ @entity1297 /.

title: Integrative network alignment reveals large regions of global network similarity in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', "baker's yeast"]

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['MI-GRAAL', 'Matching-based Integrative GRAph ALigner']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: MOTIVATION: High-throughput methods for detecting molecular interactions have produced large sets of biological network data with much more yet to come. Analogous to sequence alignment, efficient and reliable network alignment methods are expected to improve our understanding of biological systems. Unlike sequence alignment, network alignment is computationally intractable. Hence, devising efficient network alignment heuristics is currently a foremost challenge in computational biology. RESULTS: We introduce a novel network alignment algorithm, called @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ), which can integrate any number and type of similarity measures between network nodes (e.g. proteins), including, but not limited to, any topological network similarity measure, sequence similarity, functional similarity and structural similarity. Hence, we resolve the ties in similarity measures and find a combination of similarity measures yielding the largest contiguous (i.e. connected) and biologically sound alignments. @entity1297 exposes the largest functional, connected regions of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network similarity to date: surprisingly, it reveals that 77.7% of proteins in the @entity375 high-confidence PPI network participate in such a subnetwork that is fully contained in the @entity1 high-confidence PPI network. This is the first demonstration that species as diverse as @entity375 and @entity1 contain so large, continuous regions of global network similarity. We apply @entity1297 's alignments to predict functions of un-annotated proteins in @entity375 , @entity1 and bacteria validating our predictions in the literature. Furthermore, using network alignment scores for PPI networks of different herpes viruses, we reconstruct their phylogenetic relationship. This is the first time that phylogeny is exactly reconstructed from purely topological alignments of PPI networks. AVAILABILITY: Supplementary files and @entity1297 executables: http://bio-nets.doc.ic.ac.uk/ @entity1297 /.

title: Integrative network alignment reveals large regions of global network similarity in @entity375 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of interventions in community and workplace settings to reduce sickness @entity393 in workers with @entity85 ( @entity85 ). METHODS: Relevant @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and cohort studies, published since 1990, were identified by screening citations from 35 earlier systematic reviews and by searching MEDLINE and Embase until April 2010. Effects were estimated by intervention category and other features, including study quality. RESULTS: Among 42 studies (including 34 @entity23 ), 27 assessed return to work (RTW), 21 duration of sickness absence and 5 job loss. Interventions included exercise therapy, behavioural change techniques, workplace adaptations and provision of additional services. Studies were typically small {median sample 107 [inter-quartile range (IQR) 77-148]} and limited in quality. Most interventions appeared beneficial: the median relative risk (RR) for RTW was 1.21 (IQR 1.00-1.60) and that for avoiding MSD-related job loss was 1.25 (IQR 1.06-1.71); the median reduction in sickness absence was 1.11 (IQR 0.32-3.20) days/month. However, effects were smaller in larger and better-quality studies, suggesting publication bias. No intervention was clearly superior, although effort-intensive interventions were less effective than simple ones. No cost-benefit analyses established statistically significant net economic benefits. CONCLUSION: As benefits are small and of doubtful cost-effectiveness, employers' practice should be guided by their value judgements about the uncertainties. Expensive interventions should be implemented only with rigorous cost-benefit evaluation planned from the outset. Future research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of simple, low-cost interventions, and further explore impacts on job retention.

title: Effectiveness of community- and workplace-based interventions to manage musculoskeletal-related sickness XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'MSDs']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['absence and job loss']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['absence and job loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In our institution, @entity1 with suspected @entity358 undergo multiple induced-sputum sampling for microscopy, culture and nucleic acid amplification (NAA) with the @entity21035 (  ) Gen-probe assay. Those with negative induced-sputum results still suspected with @entity1906 are then referred for bronchoscopy. We sought to determine the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in these @entity1 with negative initial induced-sputum results both via smear and @entity14728 testing. METHODS: We identified 30 consecutive cases of suspected @entity358 between 2001 and 2007, who had undergone a diagnostic bronchoscopy after negative results on induced-sputum smears and the @entity21035 (  ) Gen-probe on at least 2 samples. RESULTS: The cohort (M = 20 _ F = 10) had a median age of 37 (range 16-85 yrs); were predominantly foreign born (27/30); @entity645 -negative (29/30) individuals with strongly positive TST's (mean 18 + 5 mm). Induced-sputum cultures were negative for M- @entity1906 in all @entity1 after a full 60-day incubation period. BAL was culture positive for M- @entity1906 in 3/30 cases (10%) with 2 strains being pan-sensitive and the third being INH resistant. BAL microscopy with acid-fast smear (n = 30) and BAL Gen-probe (n = 23) were negative in all cases. A third of the @entity1 (9/27, 33%) with negative bronchoscopy results were treated for culture negative @entity1906 . Treatment for @entity1906 was initiated in 5/27 (18%) individuals whereas 13/27 (48%) received no further treatment. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy provided diagnostic confirmation of @entity358 in 10% of subjects at least 2 negative induced-sputum samples by smear microscopy and NAA testing.

title: Bronchoscopy in suspected XXXX with negative induced-sputum smear and @entity21035 (  ) Gen-probe testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary TB']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In our institution, @entity1 with suspected @entity358 undergo multiple induced-sputum sampling for microscopy, culture and nucleic acid amplification (NAA) with the @entity21035 (  ) Gen-probe assay. Those with negative induced-sputum results still suspected with @entity1906 are then referred for bronchoscopy. We sought to determine the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy in these @entity1 with negative initial induced-sputum results both via smear and @entity14728 testing. METHODS: We identified 30 consecutive cases of suspected @entity358 between 2001 and 2007, who had undergone a diagnostic bronchoscopy after negative results on induced-sputum smears and the @entity21035 (  ) Gen-probe on at least 2 samples. RESULTS: The cohort (M = 20 _ F = 10) had a median age of 37 (range 16-85 yrs); were predominantly foreign born (27/30); @entity645 -negative (29/30) individuals with strongly positive TST's (mean 18 + 5 mm). Induced-sputum cultures were negative for M- @entity1906 in all @entity1 after a full 60-day incubation period. BAL was culture positive for M- @entity1906 in 3/30 cases (10%) with 2 strains being pan-sensitive and the third being INH resistant. BAL microscopy with acid-fast smear (n = 30) and BAL Gen-probe (n = 23) were negative in all cases. A third of the @entity1 (9/27, 33%) with negative bronchoscopy results were treated for culture negative @entity1906 . Treatment for @entity1906 was initiated in 5/27 (18%) individuals whereas 13/27 (48%) received no further treatment. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy provided diagnostic confirmation of @entity358 in 10% of subjects at least 2 negative induced-sputum samples by smear microscopy and NAA testing.

title: Bronchoscopy in suspected @entity358 with negative induced-sputum smear and XXXX (  ) Gen-probe testing.

answer: @entity21035 :: (4493,Gene) :: ['MTD']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 who presented with chronic cough as an isolated manifestation of @entity1576 were evaluated for the presence of exercise-induced @entity1224 . Pulmonary function tests using air and a helium/ @entity26 gas mixture were performed before exercise. Eight subjects were also evaluated by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume curves before and after @entity3044 inhalation on a separate day. Ten subjects had normal pulmonary function tests at rest and five had isolated @entity854 . No significant changes in pulmonary function tests were recorded after inhalation of @entity3044 in the eight subjects studied. Following exercise, all 15 subjects demonstrated changes in pulmonary function tests which were similar to those seen in @entity1 with mild exercise-induced @entity5143 . After institution of @entity2544 , exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity were blocked in all subjects; however, several subjects had persistent mild decreases in peak flow. Within six months of discontinuing the @entity2544 , cough recurred in 11 of the 15 subjects. Nine subjects were restudied after return of their cough. Exercise again resulted in @entity6314 . Reinstitution of @entity2544 eliminated the cough in these nine subjects. This study demonstrates that chronic cough in some @entity1 may be a manifestation of @entity1224 . Both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with @entity2544 .

title: Chronic cough in @entity1 : a manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lung function']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['minor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway hyperreactivity']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 who presented with chronic cough as an isolated manifestation of @entity1576 were evaluated for the presence of exercise-induced @entity1224 . Pulmonary function tests using air and a helium/ @entity26 gas mixture were performed before exercise. Eight subjects were also evaluated by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume curves before and after @entity3044 inhalation on a separate day. Ten subjects had normal pulmonary function tests at rest and five had isolated @entity854 . No significant changes in pulmonary function tests were recorded after inhalation of @entity3044 in the eight subjects studied. Following exercise, all 15 subjects demonstrated changes in pulmonary function tests which were similar to those seen in @entity1 with mild exercise-induced @entity5143 . After institution of @entity2544 , exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity were blocked in all subjects; however, several subjects had persistent mild decreases in peak flow. Within six months of discontinuing the @entity2544 , cough recurred in 11 of the 15 subjects. Nine subjects were restudied after return of their cough. Exercise again resulted in @entity6314 . Reinstitution of @entity2544 eliminated the cough in these nine subjects. This study demonstrates that chronic cough in some @entity1 may be a manifestation of @entity1224 . Both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with @entity2544 .

title: Chronic cough in XXXX : a manifestation of @entity1224 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Plants from temperate regions are able to withstand freezing temperatures and to increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, but non-freezing, temperatures through a process known as cold acclimation. Key regulatory proteins in this process are the cold-induced @entity62061 transcription factors which control many cold regulated genes. Although much work has focused on this signal transduction pathway, the details of its regulation and of its quantitative contribution to cold acclimation are still unclear. Here, we have used the large natural variation present in the 48 accessions of the Versailles core collection of @entity958 to further elucidate the function of the CBF transcription factors. CBF gene expression studies showed that the freezing sensitive accessions had mostly low expression levels 2h after transfer of plants to 5  C, while the most tolerant accessions showed a wide range of CBF expression levels. To investigate the quantitative contribution of CBF expression to plant freezing tolerance and low temperature growth performance, RNAi lines targeting all three CBF genes were produced in eight different accessions. We observed striking differences between different accessions in the effects that reduced CBF expression had on freezing tolerance, while effects on growth were generally too small to draw firm conclusions. Analysis of CBF expression indicated a tight co-regulation between @entity28782 and @entity16125 , while the relationship between the expression levels of @entity28779 and @entity28782 or @entity16125 strongly depended on the genetic background of the RNAi lines. In agreement with the observed differences between the different accessions, QTL analyses with two different RIL populations indicated that QTL localisation varies strongly between populations. Collectively, these results show that both the regulation of the CBF genes and their relative contribution to freezing tolerance strongly depend on the accession studied. In addition, natural variation is suggested to be an interesting source of novel regulatory pathways and genes that may be useful in the future for improving plant freezing tolerance.

title: Natural variation in the freezing tolerance of XXXX : effects of RNAi-induced CBF depletion and QTL localisation vary among accessions.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) has impaired accuracy in the prediction of functional recovery after revascularisation in cases of intermediate myocardial viability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of layer-specific @entity296 analysis for improvement in @entity409 after revascularisation. METHODS: In 132 @entity1 with @entity1002 undergoing revascularisation, myocardial viability was assessed by pixel-tracking-derived @entity296 imaging and ceMRI. Peak systolic circumferential strain was determined for total wall thickness and for three @entity296 (endocardial, mid-myocardial and epicardial) in a 16-segment model. Analysis to predict recovery of function at 8  2 months after revascularisation was performed considering all dysfunctional segments or only segments with intermediate viability by ceMRI (hyperenhancement 25-75%, N=735 segments). RESULTS: Segments with functional recovery (N=568) had higher circumferential strain in all @entity296 and a smaller degree of hyperenhancement than segments without functional recovery (N=433). Analysis of all dysfunctional segments showed that the predictive accuracy for functional recovery was high for endocardial strain, total wall thickness strain and hyperenhancement by ceMRI (area under the curve (AUC) 0.883, 0.782 and 0.834, respectively). Considering only segments with intermediate viability by ceMRI, endocardial circumferential strain allowed prediction of functional recovery with higher accuracy (specificity 75%, sensitivity 78%, AUC=0.811, 95% CI 0.776 to 0.851) than hyperenhancement analysis (specificity 59%, sensitivity 72%, AUC=0.705, 95% CI 0.659 to 0.747, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Analysis of layer-specific myocardial function using deformation imaging allows accurate identification of reversible @entity296 . In segments with intermediate viability analysis of layer-specific deformation may have special advantages for prediction of functional recovery.

title: Layer-specific analysis of myocardial function for accurate prediction of reversible XXXX in intermediate viability defined by contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial layers', 'myocardial deformation', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['ischaemic dysfunction']


abstract: Hereditary causes are decisive for the development of unsystematic forms of @entity161 . In periodic @entity2436 a dominant, and in affective @entity4696 a recessive hereditary succession must be assumed. In cataphasia, the findings do not give any clear information about the hereditary succession. In all three forms, considerable variations of the manifestations are found. Imperative indications have been observed suggesting that the brother-and-sister constellations, which have scientifically been too much neglected, have an essential share in these phenomena. In periodic @entity2436 , the lack of brothers and sisters and in particular a lack of elder sisters proved to be an essential factor. Affective paraphrenics frequently are the youngest of the brothers and sisters in a family. An attempt has been made to give an explanation of these findings. Further external influences proved to be essential. In @entity1 suffering from cataphasia, for example, the origin from rural districts and, on the other hand, the origin from a large town seem to play a role.

title: [What increases the probability of manifestation in hereditary XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['paraphrenia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies provide conflicting results about the impact of comorbid conditions on the quality of @entity102 care. We assessed the effect of comorbidity type (concordant, discordant, or both) on the receipt of guideline-recommended care among @entity1 with @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN: @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 condition groups: @entity6 -concordant ( @entity101 , @entity741 , @entity407 ), and/or @entity6 -discordant ( @entity625 , @entity308 , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) conditions, or neither. We evaluated hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 readings at index and measured overall good quality of @entity6 care, including a 6-month follow-up interval. We assessed the effect of condition group on overall good quality of care with logistic regression and generalized ordered logistic regression. RESULTS: We assigned 35,872 @entity1 to the @entity6 comorbid condition groups, ranging from 2.0% in the discordant-only group to 58.0% in the concordant-only group. @entity1 with both types of conditions were more likely than those with no comorbidities to receive overall good quality for glycemic [odds ratio (OR), 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.86-2.41], blood pressure (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.84), and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 3.08-4.05) control within 6 months of an index visit. They were also more likely to receive overall good quality for all 3 quality measures combined (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.96-2.39). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with the greatest clinical complexity were more likely than less complex @entity1 to receive high quality @entity6 care, suggesting that increased complexity does not necessarily predispose chronically ill @entity1 to receiving poorer care. However, caution should be used in treating certain @entity1 groups, such as the elderly, for whom adherence to multiple condition-specific guidelines may lack benefit or cause harm.

title: Impact of comorbidity type on measures of quality for XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report including technical note. OBJECTIVE: We describe 2 cases of intraoperative cervical plate @entity1349 treated by modified screw augmentation using polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ), which used the anchoring effect of hardened @entity4625 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intraoperative @entity1349 during cervical plating is not rare. @entity4625 augmentation for a damaged pilot hole is one of the rescue techniques in such a case. METHODS: A 52-year-old @entity1 who had complained of @entity4048 and left @entity158 underwent anterior cervical discectomy and plating with cage at the level of C6/7. An 82-year-old @entity1 presenting bilateral arm weakness and @entity158 after @entity130 underwent the same operation at @entity9509 . Both of them showed intraoperative @entity1349 , which was rectified by modified screw augmentation with @entity4625 . The difference between this technique and conventional @entity4625 augmentation is the anchoring effect of hardened @entity4625 . This technique does not need a new screw trajectory, but uses the existing dead space around the loosened screw. After filling the dead space with about 0.5 mL of @entity4625 , we inserted a small-sized screw. Once the @entity4625 hardened, we could remove the small screw and insert a thicker screw along the existing screw thread to increase the screws' pullout strength and achieve rigid fixation of plate. RESULTS: The condition of both @entity1 improved without any instrument failure. In the first case, the visual analog scale and Neck Disability Index improved from 10 to 1 and from 64% to 2%, respectively. In the other @entity1 , the visual analog scale and Neck Disability Index improved from 10 to 4 and from 66% to 40%, respectively. X-ray at 6-month follow-up showed no evidence of @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: This modified @entity4625 augmentation is a simple, safe, and promising surgical technique to correct intraoperative @entity1349 during cervical plating.

title: Modified polymethylmethacrylate cervical plate and screw augmentation technique for intraoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['posterior neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radiating pain', 'arm pain']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['screw loosening']

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['screw loosening']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is associated with cardiovascular @entity731 events later in life. Impaired arterial elasticity is considered to be a marker of @entity455 and to be involved in the @entity731 process. We investigated whether previously preeclamptic @entity1 have lower arterial elasticity indices in comparison with controls. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. SAMPLE: 14 non-pregnant @entity1 with a history of early-onset @entity1468 (cases) and 16 non-pregnant @entity1 (controls) with an uncomplicated pregnancy in 2003-2004. METHODS: Measurement of radial artery elasticity indices combined with the brachial blood pressure using pulse wave contour analysis. The assessment of traditional risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) including body mass index, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum insulin and plasma @entity1255 . MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: Arterial elasticity indices and traditional risk factors for @entity65 in cases and controls. RESULTS: Arterial elasticity was impaired in cases as compared with controls. Body mass index, blood pressure, pulse pressure, hsCRP and @entity1674 were significantly higher in cases. CONCLUSION: Arterial elasticity indices are reduced in formerly preeclamptic @entity1 , indicating @entity455 . This and the more established risk factors for @entity65 are likely to contribute to a higher risk of @entity65 in @entity1 with a history of early-onset @entity1468 .

title: Decreased arterial elasticity in formerly early-onset preeclamptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular (endothelial) dysfunction', 'vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The molecular mechanism linking @entity731 formation and periodontal pathogens is not clear, although a positive correlation between periodontal @entity281 and @entity65 has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation with @entity2523 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affected the expression of @entity731 -related genes, during and after the formation of foam cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Macrophages from @entity1 @entity1357 monocytes were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) to induce the formation of foam cells. @entity2523 LPS was added to cultures of either oxLDL-induced macrophages or foam cells. The expression of @entity731 -related genes was assayed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-10 and IL-12 proteins was determined using ELISA. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) P(65) was detected by immunocytochemistry, and western blotting was used to evaluate inhibitory kappa B-a (Ik  -a) degradation to confirm activation of the NF-kB pathway. RESULTS: @entity2523 LPS stimulated @entity731 -related gene expression in foam cells and increased the oxLDL-induced expression of chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, apoptotic genes and nuclear receptors in macrophages. Transcription of the proinflammatory cytokines IL1b and IL12 was elevated in response to LPS in both macrophages and foam cells, whereas transcription of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10, was not affected. Increased activation of the NF-kB pathway was also observed in macrophages costimulated with LPS + oxLDL. CONCLUSION: @entity2523 LPS appears to be an important factor in the development of @entity731 by stimulation of @entity731 -related gene expression in both macrophages and foam cells via activation of the NF-kB pathway.

title: XXXX lipopolysaccharide alters atherosclerotic-related gene expression in oxidized low-density-lipoprotein-induced macrophages and foam cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas   gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is the standard procedure for surgical management of @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) is reported to be as effective as LNF but to be associated with a lower incidence of post-operative @entity1282 . This meta-analysis was performed to compare the two techniques with respect to reflux control and associated complications, particularly @entity1282 . METHODS: Pubmed, Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Library were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LNF and LTF were included. Outcomes evaluated were occurrences of heartburn and associated complications (e.g. @entity1282 ) and degree of @entity1 's satisfaction at early (three to six months) and later (one to three years) post-operative periods. RESULTS: Of 939 @entity1 in seven RCTs, 478 received LNF and 461 received LTF. For both groups, control of reflux was good and occurrence of heartburn were similar. A lower incidence of post-operative @entity1282 for both early and later post-operative periods was observed for the LTF group. @entity1 's satisfaction following either procedure was similar. CONCLUSION: LNF and LTF are both safe and effective. LTF is truly associated with a lower occurrence of @entity1282 . However, LTF is more likely than LNF to be associated with early surgical complications. On the whole, post-surgical satisfaction ratios for the two groups were comparable.

title: Meta-analysis of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior (Toupet) fundoplication for XXXX based on randomized clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'GORD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of distal malignant @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) remains challenging. Acute surgical intervention is often associated with poorer clinical outcome compared to an elective procedure. @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) as a bridge to surgery (BTS) or palliation remain controversial and are not yet widely available. METHODS: From 1998 to 2008, a retrospective analysis of the @entity1 presenting with an acute malignant @entity1744 to The Tweed Public and John Flynn Private Hospitals was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-six admissions with @entity694 were reviewed. On an intention to treat, @entity1 underwent either stent 30 or surgery 26. American Association of Anaesthetists (ASA) scores, @entity28 rates and palliative procedures were all higher in the stent group. Inpatient @entity204 numbered four (two stent group, two surgery group). The technical success of inserted stents was 29/30, while clinical success was 27/30. Complications both medical, surgical and intensive care unit admissions were more common in the surgical group. Length of stay was 8.5 days for stent and 17.7 days for surgery. Of the 25 successful stent survivors, 14 were palliative and 11 were BTS. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1702 are effective in treatment of @entity1744 either as palliation or BTS. They are associated with an overall better outcome and improved quality of life of @entity1 . Surgery is indicated where @entity1702 are unavailable or have failed.

title: Management of malignant left-sided XXXX : a comparison between colonic stents and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['Self-expandable metallic stents', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['malignant distal colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['LBO', 'large bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['large bowel obstruction']


abstract: The rapidity of response to induction therapy is emerging as an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Urine inorganic @entity1391 (IP) and @entity414 (UA) may increase in @entity1 with @entity3052 who undergo their induction chemotherapy, owing to the breakdown of @entity5 cells. The crystallization of UA or @entity78 in renal tubules can result in acute @entity5405 (ATLS). Some reports indicate that @entity1 who experience ATLS have a better prognosis than those who do not. We investigated the relationship between urinary IP and UA excretion and treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity3052 . @entity1 included 93 @entity1 with @entity981 and 31 @entity1 with @entity3052 . Urine samples were collected and measured for the first 3 days of induction chemotherapy. Among @entity1 with @entity981 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity1 without relapse than in those with relapse and correlated with long-term outcome. Among @entity1 with @entity3052 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity1 without induction failure (IF) than those with IF. We propose that higher urinary IP excretion could be a useful prognostic marker for determining favorable outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Higher urinary excretion of inorganic XXXX during early induction chemotherapy predicts a good prognosis in childhood @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: The rapidity of response to induction therapy is emerging as an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Urine inorganic @entity1391 (IP) and @entity414 (UA) may increase in @entity1 with @entity3052 who undergo their induction chemotherapy, owing to the breakdown of @entity5 cells. The crystallization of UA or @entity78 in renal tubules can result in acute @entity5405 (ATLS). Some reports indicate that @entity1 who experience ATLS have a better prognosis than those who do not. We investigated the relationship between urinary IP and UA excretion and treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity3052 . @entity1 included 93 @entity1 with @entity981 and 31 @entity1 with @entity3052 . Urine samples were collected and measured for the first 3 days of induction chemotherapy. Among @entity1 with @entity981 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity1 without relapse than in those with relapse and correlated with long-term outcome. Among @entity1 with @entity3052 , urinary IP excretion was significantly higher in @entity1 without induction failure (IF) than those with IF. We propose that higher urinary IP excretion could be a useful prognostic marker for determining favorable outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Higher urinary excretion of inorganic @entity1391 during early induction chemotherapy predicts a good prognosis in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted as a controlled, prospective investigation to show the safety and efficacy of a @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) device in a @entity742 model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a permanent @entity939 hydrogel barrier to reduce the risk of potential vessel damage during anterior vertebral revision surgery, to provide a nonadhesive barrier at the surgical site, and to create a surgical revision plane of dissection. BACKGROUND: The development of scar tissue and adhesions presents a significant postoperative problem in spine surgery, where adhesion involvement of overlying structures can cause @entity158 , and present a difficult surgical environment during revisions. METHODS: The devices were implanted onto the ventral surface of exposed lumbar intervertebral discs using an anterolateral approach. One disc separated from the study site was also exposed to serve as a control. Three @entity742 each were then evaluated with an explant procedure at 30 and 90 days. Extensive sampling was undertaken to evaluate gross anatomic, micropathologic, and biochemical environments and properties of the device. RESULTS: The structural properties and appearance of the device remained intact at both 30 and 90 days. The material remained flexible, hydrophilic, and soft, without visible resorption or decomposition. The material was well tolerated by the animal, with minimal histologic signs of @entity32 or rejection. Tissue planes were easily able to be localized by the surgeon attempting to locate the prior surgical site at the time of resection. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity939 vessel shield effectively protected the structures overlying the @entity742 spine during revision, providing a clear dissection plane for resection at repeat surgery. The overlying structures separated from the previous surgical site with no adhesion, and allowed safe separation of adjacent tissues without the use of sharp dissection.

title: Safety and effectiveness of a XXXX barrier in reducing risks of vascular tissue damage during anterior spinal revision surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurovascular complications']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: @entity3 of the inner auditory canal is a really rare event. Clinically, it usually presents with rapid worsening @entity129 . Authors present a review of the literature reporting clinical features, radiological findings, intraoperative aspects of an illustrative case. A 56-year-old female @entity1 presented with a peripheral @entity2103 . MRI showed two left p-fossa @entity5 whose one into the inner canal. Rapid worsening of @entity16 despite corticosteroid treatment and the possibility to remove both @entity5 in the same surgical step suggested authors to operated on the @entity1 . Intraoperatively, inner canal @entity5 looked totally involving the VII-VIII nerve complex so surgical extirpation was only partially feasible. Posterior wall drilling of the meatus was performed which improved @entity3541 . Leptomeningeal spinal seeding occurred and spinal irradiation was performed. The case highlights the importance of maintaining a high degree of awareness of the auditory canal @entity3 in @entity1 with a previous history of @entity5 who develop a rapid progressive @entity1897 . Furthermore, our case and literature data suggest that inner canal @entity3 is a distinct entity from temporal bone and ponto-cerebellar angle @entity3 on the base of the peculiarity of clinical features, prognosis, therapeutic strategies. In fact, inner canal metastases usually arise in @entity1 apparently cured, and they imply a better prognosis even if with an higher risk of leptomeningeal seeding. Moreover, surgery rarely allows the @entity75 , also if symptoms relief may be achieved, as in our case.

title: Internal auditory canal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial damage']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral VII nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Bone geometry is an important measure of bone strength and is known to be affected by weight-bearing and adult ageing. Engagement in weight-bearing activity decreases with age, thus in this study we compared bone geometry changes between weight-bearing ( @entity2091 ) and non-weight-bearing (fibula) leg bones in three different age groups of @entity1 . Magnetic resonance images of the right leg were acquired in 9 young (20-27  years), 7 old (61-69  years) and 7 very old (71-80  years) @entity1 . Total and cortical bone volumes and medullary cavity volumes (mm(3)) were calculated at proximal and distal sites for both bones. Tibial cortical bone volume was significantly less at the proximal site in old (17%) and very old (24%) groups versus young subjects. Cortical bone volume in the proximal fibula was also significantly reduced in the older groups (7 and 12%), but to a substantially lesser extent than in the @entity2091 . In contrast, distal bone geometry appeared largely to be conserved in both @entity2091 and fibula. Proximally, medullary cavity volume was greater in the older groups in the @entity2091 but not the fibula. Distally, the only difference found in either bone was a significantly greater fibular medullary cavity in the very old group. These findings suggest weight-bearing bones in @entity1 are more susceptible than non-weight-bearing bones to age-related changes in bone geometry likely due to decreases in weight-bearing activities. Also, weight-bearing activity appears to provide a greater osteogenic stimulus at the distal portions of the leg bones.

title: Differences in leg bone geometry in young, old and very old XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To prepare a dietary recommendation for young Japanese for the prevention of @entity301 , we surveyed the dietary habits, serum lipids, serum @entity1718 and blood pressure levels among male and female students. METHODS: In this study, 175 male and 246 female university students were interviewed for the frequency of consumption of selected food items and the habit of skipping breakfast. Serum @entity1718 were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The frequencies of consumption of dishes cooked with oil and intake of vegetables were higher in female students than in male students. Serum n-6 @entity1474 were slightly higher in females students than in male students while that of serum n-3 @entity1474 was 6.4% in both sexes. For both males and females, those who skipped breakfast at least once a week were less likely to consume vegetables and fruits than those who did not. Female students who skipped breakfast were also less likely to consume fish and had lower composition of n-3 @entity5204 and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than males. For female, the intake of milk and dairy products correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure levels and the intake of n-3 @entity1474 correlated inversely with diastolic blood pressure levels. For males, the intake of fruits and consumption of dishes cooked with oil correlated inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that increased intake of fish, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables from early adulthood and a regular dietary pattern are important to reduce the risk factors for @entity301 .

title: Possible effects of diets on serum lipids, XXXX and blood pressure levels in male and female Japanese university students.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although recent studies suggest that medical treatment is appropriate for @entity1 with @entity1410 (IMH), the outcomes of supportive medical treatment alone have not been satisfactory, and clear guidelines for medical treatment are not yet available. We assessed whether a management protocol of combined early aggressive medical treatment and selective prophylactic aortic stent-grafting would benefit @entity1 with IMH. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with IMH were prospectively studied; after initial clinical and radiological evaluation, 13 underwent early aggressive medical therapy (group 1), and 6 underwent early aggressive medical therapy and prophylactic endovascular stent-grafting (group 2). RESULTS: In group 1, one @entity1 with type A IMH died prior to surgical consultation because of @entity2293 ; another @entity1 with type A IMH underwent replacement of the ascending aorta at the 6-month follow-up. The condition of the other 11 @entity1 stabilized during hospitalization and after discharge. The disease spontaneously regressed in 10 @entity1 , and the intramural @entity1410 completely resolved in 5 @entity1 . In group 2, follow-up imaging revealed complete coverage of the penetrating aortic ulcers and regression of the intramural @entity1410 ; endovascular leaks have not yet occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our protocol may be used as an alternative approach for @entity1 with IMH. After initial clinical and radiological evaluation, the condition of @entity1 without complications can be stabilized with medical treatment; frequent follow-up imaging is required in such cases. Early aggressive medical treatment combined with prophylactic aortic stent-grafting is a safe and effective treatment modality for IMH @entity1 with penetrating aortic ulcers in the descending aorta.

title: Early aggressive medical treatment associated with selective prophylactic aortic stent-grafting for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['aortic intramural hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['aortic intramural hematoma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in Middle-Finland 1976-78 was 19.4/100,000/year. The incidence increased consistently with age. The early prognosis was similar to that in earlier studies, with 25% dying on the first day, and 49% during the first 3 months after the initial @entity548 . The fatality rate decreased sharply after the @entity548 : of all deaths during the first 3 months, the weekly fatality rate was 65% during the 1st week, 12% during the 2nd, and 4% during the 3rd. Thereafter the weekly fatalities up to 3 months averaged 1.6%. Only 20% of the @entity1 of the entire series were assessed as being eligible for neurosurgical treatment. Intercurrent fatal rebleeds further reduced this number. The chances of increasing the number of @entity510 @entity1 suitable for neurosurgery are discussed. The timing of surgery should be earlier than in the present study (median 15 days after the @entity548 ) in order to avoid frequently fatal recurrences. Vertebral angiograms should be obtained from @entity1 with no @entity439 found by bilateral carotid angiography. The upper age limit of 60 years should be abolished. By these means the proportion of @entity510 @entity1 potentially eligible for neurosurgery could be increased to about 40%.

title: XXXX in middle-Finland: incidence, early prognosis and indications for neurosurgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: Particularly elder multimorbid @entity1 suffering from a @entity1504 need a long term therapy. One condition for success, however, is the regular intake of drugs by the @entity1 . Therefore the final goal is the increase of drug-compliance. This is based on the enhancement of the knowledge of the actual drug-compliance, the subject we wanted to learn more about by empirical investigations. During one year the drug-compliance of each @entity1 of the Special Clinic Klausenbach was tested over a period of 20 days. The results were taken by checking @entity8728 fluorometrically (method according to Gundert-Remy). In this way the @entity1 could be classified as "takers" and "non-takers". The following variables wee considered: diagnoses, marital status, age, nationality, profession, IQ, mood, subjective evaluation of success of cure and medication. since according to a pre-study foreigners show a lower rate of compliance we restricted the sample to the 892 german cure @entity1 , 343 of whom suffered from @entity66 . Their compliance-level was almost 50%. The results of the subgroups hardly differed. The cure @entity1 suffering from @entity1504 did not show any striking compliance behaviour: the values are far below the ideal value, however. Further multivariate statistical analyses are designed to contribute to the development of effective measures of intervention.

title: [ XXXX and compliance with drug therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular insufficiencies', 'cerebrovascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular insufficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tiny @entity438 pose a significant therapeutic challenge for interventional neuroradiologists. The authors report their preliminary results of endovascular treatment of these @entity439 . METHODS: Between January 2002 and December 2009, 52 tiny @entity438 (defined as  <= 3 mm in maximum diameter) in 46 @entity1 (22 @entity1 ; mean age, 57.9 years) were treated by endosaccular coil embolisation or sole stent deployment in the parent artery. Of 52 @entity439 , 29 had @entity397 and 23 remained unruptured. The initial angiographic results, procedural complications, and clinical outcomes were assessed at discharge. Imaging follow-up was performed with cerebral angiography. RESULTS: One @entity439 coiling procedure failed because of unsuccessful micro-catheterization. Forty-three @entity439 were successfully coil embolized, of which complete occlusion was obtained in 14, @entity432 in 11. The other 8 @entity439 were treated by sole stent deployment in the parent artery. Procedural complications (2 intraprocedural ruptures and 3 @entity1031 events) occurred in 5 (9.6%) of 52 @entity439 , resulting in permanent morbidity in only 1 (2.2%, 1/46) @entity1 . No rebleeding occurred during clinical follow-up (mean duration, 46.7 months). Of the 16 @entity439 that receiving repetitive angiography, 6 initially completely and 3 subtotally @entity439 remained unchanged, 4 initially subtotally and 3 @entity439 progressed to total occlusion. Five sole stent deployed @entity439 received angiographic follow-up (mean duration, 10.0 months), of which 3 remained unchanged, 1 became smaller and 1 progressed to total occlusion. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of tiny @entity438 is technical feasible and relatively safe. Coil embolisation seems to be effective in preventing early recanalisation, whereas sole stenting technique needs further investigation to determine its effectiveness.

title: Tiny XXXX : endovascular treatment by coil embolisation or sole stent deployment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'coiled aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'incompletely occluded aneurysms', 'occluded aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal occlusion in 18 and incomplete occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is associated with a @entity308 of T cell function, as suggested by the impaired production of cytokines by Th cells collected from @entity298 @entity1 . Although treatment biocompatibility could be implicated in this @entity1200 , it has been poorly investigated, thus far. Therefore, we undertook a study aiming to analyze the effects of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the @entity1198 /Th2 balance in @entity298 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty three @entity1 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were evaluated. Seven @entity1 were on CAPD with icodextrin solution (ICO- @entity298 ), seven with @entity413 and @entity880 / @entity3157 -buffered solution (LAC/BIC- @entity298 ), and nine with @entity413 and @entity880 -buffered solution (LAC- @entity298 ). The @entity1198 /Th2 balance was evaluated by measuring @entity379 ( @entity1198 subset) and @entity3646 (Th2 subset), both in circulating and peritoneum-derived Th lymphocytes unstimulated or stimulated by phytohemoagglutinin (PHA). Moreover inflammatory, nutritional and dialysis-related parameters were recorded. Eight normal subjects comprised the control group (CON). RESULTS: Circulating T cells: @entity379 was significantly lower in the LAC- @entity298 group (p<0.05) compared to the ICO- @entity298 and LAC/BIC- @entity298 groups. The @entity379 / @entity3646 -producing cell ratio was significantly lower in @entity298 @entity1 than in CON. Peritoneal T cells: after 24-h PHA stimulation, @entity379 increased in all @entity1 , but the rise was less pronounced in the LAC- @entity298 group (p<0.05) than in the other two @entity298 groups. The @entity1198 /Th2 ratio was significantly lower in the LAC- @entity298 group when compared both to LAC/BIC- @entity298 and ICO- @entity298 groups. In addition, the LAC- @entity298 group presented a significantly higher rate of @entity298 compared to the other @entity298 groups. CONCLUSIONS: CAPD with @entity880 -buffered peritoneal fluid has deleterious effects on the @entity1198 cell subset, while the use of more biocompatible fluids, @entity3157 -buffered and icodextrin, is associated with a more physiologically representative @entity1198 /Th2 balance and a reduced @entity298 rate.

title: Effects of different peritoneal dialysis fluids on the XXXX /TH2 balance.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritoneal infections', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['TH1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in eight @entity1 who developed @entity236 after undergoing physiotherapy with use of ultrasound diathermy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and MR images of eight @entity1 (six @entity1 and two @entity1 aged 22-69 years) who received ultrasound diathermy treatment for a variety of soft tissue injuries involving primarily the knee, shoulder, and wrist. All @entity1 underwent MR imaging without the use of intravenous @entity2287 -based contrast material. The institutional review board approved the study, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. RESULTS: MR imaging of all @entity1 revealed subcortical rim or arc lesions with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, without involvement of the deeper aspect of the bone marrow. The imaging features of the lesions were similar to those of focal @entity2530 . Follow-up MR imaging performed in three @entity1 approximately 2-3 months after cessation of ultrasound therapy revealed resolution of the @entity79 . Symptoms resolved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that ultrasound diathermy may produce an @entity130 . The abnormality itself was usually mild and transient, with apparent full recovery after termination of therapy.

title: XXXX as a complication of ultrasound diathermy: a report of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow lesions']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['osseous injury']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Focal bone abnormality']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed the ability of 3 clinical factors-stage, D'Amico risk stratification, and Roach formula-estimated nodal risk-to predict the pathologic outcomes in a modern @entity263 @entity1 . METHODS: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for 2004 and 2005. @entity1 with @entity263 who had complete staging information were included. @entity1 were stratified according to the D'Amico criteria into low, intermediate, or high-risk groups using clinical T-stage, Gleason sum, and @entity1486 . Comparison was made with risk groups obtained after replacing clinical with pathologic T-stage. In addition, the Roach formula-predicted risk of positive lymph nodes was calculated and compared with the pathologic incidence of positive nodes. RESULTS: A total of 56,446 @entity1 were included, of whom 13,135 had a prostatectomy with complete pathologic staging. Of 3476 @entity1 with clinically palpable disease, who underwent prostatectomy, 2.5% were down-T-staged pathologically, whereas 34.7% were up-T-staged. Replacing clinical T-stage with pathologic T-stage in the D'Amico risk stratification resulted in the majority of @entity1 being up-risk-stratified to a higher risk group. Three hundred and forty-three @entity1 had positive nodes. The @entity1 with a Roach formula-predicted likelihood of positive nodes of 0% to 5%, 5.1% to 10%, 10.1% to 15%, and greater than 15% were found to have 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.2%, and 6.6% pathologic incidence of positive nodes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pathologic staging results in higher risk stratification than that predicted by clinical criteria in the majority of @entity1 . Nodal positivity at diagnosis is uncommon in the current era, and the Roach formula overestimates the actual risk of node-positive disease.

title: Clinical versus pathologic staging for XXXX : how do they correlate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'cohort of prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) was licensed in Europe as an add-on antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of partial-onset @entity410 in 2004. This audit assessed the response to adjunctive @entity11974 in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity410 . METHODS: @entity11974 was titrated in 135 @entity1 [73 @entity1 ; 62 @entity1 , aged 18-76 (median 44 years) until one of the following occurred: >=  6 months' @entity410 freedom, >=  50% or < 50% @entity410 reduction over 6 months; @entity11974 withdrawal because of adverse effects, lack of efficacy or both. RESULTS: Of the 135 @entity1 , 14 (10.4%) became @entity410 -free for >=  6 months (median @entity11974 dose 300 mg/day; range 75-600 mg). A >=  50% @entity410 reduction occurred in 33 (24.4%) @entity1 ; 20 (14.8%) had < 50% reduction. @entity11974 was withdrawn in 68 (50.4%) (40 adverse effects, seven lack of efficacy and 21 both). Commonest problems resulting in withdrawal were sedation (n = 18), @entity1017 (n = 14) and @entity2055 (n = 9). There was a positive correlation between increasing dose and @entity1017 (r = 0.42, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on @entity11974 benefited 50% of @entity1 , but only 10% achieved 6 months' @entity410 freedom. Adverse effects, most commonly sedation, dose-related @entity1017 and @entity2055 , led to drug discontinuation by 45%. Prospective audits of novel AEDs are a useful adjunct to randomized, controlled trials in managing @entity302 .

title: Adjunctive @entity4481 for uncontrolled partial-onset XXXX : findings from a prospective audit.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: AIMS: @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) was licensed in Europe as an add-on antiepileptic drug (AED) for the treatment of partial-onset @entity410 in 2004. This audit assessed the response to adjunctive @entity11974 in @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity410 . METHODS: @entity11974 was titrated in 135 @entity1 [73 @entity1 ; 62 @entity1 , aged 18-76 (median 44 years) until one of the following occurred: >=  6 months' @entity410 freedom, >=  50% or < 50% @entity410 reduction over 6 months; @entity11974 withdrawal because of adverse effects, lack of efficacy or both. RESULTS: Of the 135 @entity1 , 14 (10.4%) became @entity410 -free for >=  6 months (median @entity11974 dose 300 mg/day; range 75-600 mg). A >=  50% @entity410 reduction occurred in 33 (24.4%) @entity1 ; 20 (14.8%) had < 50% reduction. @entity11974 was withdrawn in 68 (50.4%) (40 adverse effects, seven lack of efficacy and 21 both). Commonest problems resulting in withdrawal were sedation (n = 18), @entity1017 (n = 14) and @entity2055 (n = 9). There was a positive correlation between increasing dose and @entity1017 (r = 0.42, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on @entity11974 benefited 50% of @entity1 , but only 10% achieved 6 months' @entity410 freedom. Adverse effects, most commonly sedation, dose-related @entity1017 and @entity2055 , led to drug discontinuation by 45%. Prospective audits of novel AEDs are a useful adjunct to randomized, controlled trials in managing @entity302 .

title: Adjunctive XXXX for uncontrolled partial-onset @entity410 : findings from a prospective audit.

answer: @entity4481 :: (MESH:C080245,Chemical) :: ['pregabalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has become a public health issue in the USA, especially among African American youths. Research on the association between ideal body image (IBI) and @entity28 and related lifestyle factors among African American @entity1 and adolescents is limited. METHODS: Data collected from 402 low-income African American adolescents aged 10-14 years in four Chicago public schools were used. Questionnaires were used to assess IBI, @entity353 , weight control practices, and self-efficacy towards food and physical activity. Body mass index was calculated using measured weight and height. Associations between IBI and @entity353 , overweight/ @entity28 and lifestyle behaviours were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: The most frequently chosen ideal body size was the fourth of eight silhouettes (from thinnest to heaviest) for @entity1 (55%) and @entity1 (49%). Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 selected larger ideal body figures than the others (trend test: P < 0.001). Compared with those with middle ideal body figures, @entity1 who selected smaller ones were twice as likely to have an unhealthy diet as indicated by less fruit and milk consumption; the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 2.40 (1.15-5.02) for fruits intake (<once/week) and 2.13 (1.06-4.29) for milk consumption (<once/day), respectively. @entity1 with larger IBI were less likely to eat snack often [>= once/day; OR = 0.11 (0.02-0.50)]. @entity1 with larger IBI were less likely to spend more screen time [OR = 0.12 (0.02-0.70)] and reported better food choice intentions (P < 0.05). Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 appeared to have better food choice intentions and food self-efficacy than their non-overweight peers (trend test: both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ideal body image is associated with weight status, food self-efficacy and lifestyle behaviours among low-income African American adolescents.

title: Is ideal body image related to XXXX and lifestyle behaviours in African American adolescents?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight perception']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity epidemic', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIM: With the goal of identifying a valid biomarker of early @entity3949 , we aimed to identify the most reliable in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) parameter for detection of abnormality of small nerve fibre morphology. METHODS: Cross-sectional examination of 46 subjects (26 with Type 1 @entity6 and 20 healthy volunteers) examined by corneal confocal microscopy for intra- and interobserver reproducibility by the intraclass correlation coefficient method. Corneal nerve fibre density, nerve branch density, nerve fibre length and tortuosity were measured on the same day that subjects underwent clinical and electrophysiological examination. RESULTS: The 26 subjects with Type 1 @entity6 had mean age and @entity6 duration 42.8    16.9 and 22.7    16.4 years, respectively. Twelve of those subjects (46%) did not meet criteria for @entity3949 , while five (19%) had mild, three (12%) had moderate and six (23%) had severe @entity3949 . None of the healthy volunteers (mean age 41.4    17.3 years) had @entity305 . Re-examination of selected corneal confocal microscopy images or sets of 40 images yielded very good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients for all parameters. However, only one parameter (corneal nerve fibre length) emerged with consistently very good reproducibility using a clinically relevant 'study-level' protocol of subject re-examination (intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficient 0.72; interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient 0.73). Despite no differences in intraclass correlation coefficient between subgroups, corneal nerve fibre length was significantly lower (14.76 vs. 16.15 mm/mm(2), P = 0.04) in those with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Development of corneal confocal microscopy may need to focus on the measurement of corneal nerve fibre length, as it appears to have superior reliability in comparison with other parameters, and as evidence exists for its potential as a clinical biomarker of early @entity3949 .

title: Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy']


abstract: Plasma concentrations and side effects were followed in 52 adults treated with @entity2890 for 4-39 days (mean 12.2 days). In order to obtain 1-h peak levels above the recommended 4 microgram/ml in @entity1 with normal renal function, loading doses of 160 mg followed by 100-120 mg every 8 h were usually necessary. Both the leading dose and the mean daily dose of 304 mg were higher than usually recommended. Great individual variations in doses required were found and nomograms were of little value. Reduced maintenance doses were given to @entity1 with @entity8 . Adequate treatment required plasma level determinations 2-3 times a week. The high dose of @entity2890 regimen used in this study implied that 30% of the trough levels exceeded 2 microgram/ml. The frequency of clinically significant side effects were, however, low and the treatment was only interrupted once because of a decrease in renal function. @entity346 in renal function probably related to @entity2890 was found in 6 @entity1 , and 5 @entity1 got temporary disturbances of vestibular function. One @entity1 experienced a @entity393 and 2 @entity1 a permanent @entity393 , which might have been caused by simultaneous treatment with @entity1483 and @entity2890 .

title: XXXX therapy of serious infections. Pharmacological aspects and side effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hearing loss', 'hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary reduction']

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['Tobramycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic hepatic abscesses are relatively rare, though untreated are uniformly fatal. A recent paradigm shift in the management of liver abscesses, facilitated by advances in diagnostic and interventional radiology, has decreased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to review our experience in managing @entity10577 , review the literature in this field, and propose guidelines to aid in the current management of this complex disease. METHODS: Demographic and clinical details of all @entity1 admitted to a single institution with @entity5572 over a 5 year period were reviewed. Clinical presentation, aetiology, diagnostic work-up, treatment, morbidity and mortality data were collated. RESULTS: Over a 5 year period 11 @entity1 presented to a single institution with @entity99 (55% males, mean age 60.3 years). Common clinical features at presentation were non-specific constitutional symptoms and signs. Aetiology was predominantly @entity5990 (45%) or @entity66 (27%). In addition to empiric antimicrobial therapy, all @entity1 underwent radiologically guided percutaneous @entity5572 at diagnosis and only 2 @entity1 required surgical intervention, including one 16-year old female who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for a complex and rare @entity733 . There were no mortalities after minimum follow-up of one year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10577 are uncommon, and mortality has decreased over the last two decades. Antimicrobial therapy and radiological intervention form the mainstay of modern treatment. Surgical intervention should be considered for @entity1 with large, complex, septated or multiple abscesses, underlying disease or in whom percutaneous drainage has failed.

title: Modern management of XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of the liver abscess', 'liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['Pyogenic liver abscesses', 'pyogenic liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycotic abscess']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic hepatic abscess']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['pyogenic hepatic abscess']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of sex on @entity1167 outcomes. There is evidence that @entity1 are more likely to survive @entity1167 than @entity1 . However, few large studies have examined these sex differences in detail. It is unknown whether the female survival advantage is age-specific or whether sex affects neurologic outcomes after @entity1167 events. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a nationwide population-based @entity1167 database (between January 2005 and December 2007) involving 318,123 @entity1 (male: 188,357, female: 129,766) to assess the effects of sex on @entity1167 outcomes in Japan. We selected 276,590 @entity1 aged 20 to 89 years with @entity1167 and compared the frequencies of initial cardiac rhythms, 1-month survival rates, and favorable neurologic outcome rates between sexes. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1167 was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 ( @entity1 : 0.12%; @entity1 : 0.07%). @entity1 were witnessed more often while @entity1167 was occurring ( @entity1 : 42.1% and @entity1 : 36.9%), typically presented with @entity2224 / @entity1165 rhythms, and had a higher 1-month survival rate overall after @entity1167 events ( @entity1 : 5.2% and @entity1 : 4.3%). However, the rate of survival with a favorable neurologic outcome for @entity1 aged 30 to 49 years was significantly higher than that for @entity1 within the same age range. Among @entity1 initially presenting with @entity2224 / @entity1165 , the rate of survival with favorable neurologic outcome was higher for @entity1 than @entity1 in the group aged 40 to 59 years. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity1 have a higher 1-month survival rate after @entity1167 because of a higher frequency of @entity2224 / @entity1165 compared with @entity1 . Although @entity1 of both sexes with @entity1167 initially presenting with @entity2224 / @entity1165 exhibited similar overall survival rates, the rate of survival with favorable neurologic outcome was significantly higher for @entity1 than @entity1 in the group aged 40 to 59 years.

title: The effects of sex on XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia presentation', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['initial ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['out-of-hospital cardiac arrest']


abstract: The side population (SP) of @entity5 cell lines shares characteristics with @entity5 stem cells. The objective of this study was to phenotypically and genotypically characterize the SP of @entity356 cell lines. SP cells were obtained from AGS and @entity1 @entity356 cells using @entity5956 staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The cells were subsequently studied morphologically at cytology and immunocytochemistry, on the transcriptional level via gene array, and in cell culture using recultivation assays. Genes differentially expressed in SP cells were evaluated at immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 486 @entity1 with @entity356 . The SP cells were smaller and rounder then non-SP cells. SP cells self-renewed in recultivation experiments and differentiated into SP and non-SP cells. Recultivated SP and non-SP cells exhibited distinct phenotypes in culture insofar as cell shape and colony formation. SP cells demonstrated increased levels of the stem cell markers @entity5439 and @entity5440 . Transcriptional analyses demonstrated that SP cells express genes that encode for stem cell properties including @entity13037 , @entity21507 , SMO, and @entity3375 . It was observed that @entity3375 and @entity13037 are differentially expressed in @entity1 @entity356 , and @entity13037 -positive @entity5 are associated with significantly shorter @entity1 survival. In conclusion, @entity1 @entity356 cell lines enclose a phenotypically and genotypically distinct cell population with @entity5 stem cell features. Phenotypic characteristics of this distinct cell population are also present in @entity356 tissue, and correlate with @entity1 survival.

title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of side population of XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'MKN45', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increase in adult orthodontic @entity1 in the last 20 years makes it more likely that a clinician will have adult cases to present to the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) for board certification. The applicability of the Objective Grading System (OGS) to adult dentitions, however, has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if well-treated adult cases, as designated by orthodontists, could pass the ABO clinical examination using the OGS. METHODS: Posttreatment casts of 35 adult @entity1 from Temple University, Department of Orthodontics were ranked by 4 examiners based on visual examination of the quality of case finish using the Q-sort method. Data on each examiner's personal selection criteria to classify a well-treated case were gathered. @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and OGS scores were measured, and the number of missing teeth was recorded. RESULTS: There was a moderate correlation between the rankings of the 4 examiners and their rankings to the OGS score. A 63% overall ABO pass rate was found. The pass rate for the well-treated cases and failure rate in the lower ranked group were both 100%. The @entity894 scores of 97% of the cases were high enough to qualify as a board case, and 77% had 1 or more missing teeth after treatment. Examiners largely used the factors of the OGS in deciding if a case was well treated, with intercuspation being the most important factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that well-treated adult cases can pass the ABO clinical examination using the OGS. In addition, it illustrates that missing teeth automatically inflate the @entity894 score and improve the OGS score.

title: The quality of treatment in the adult orthodontic XXXX as judged by orthodontists and measured by the Objective Grading System.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'Discrepancy index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the utility of the JOSTENT @entity736 ( @entity736 ) stent-graft (Jomed GmbH, Rangendingen, Germany) in @entity1 with diseased saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Prior trials of the JOSTENT stent-graft did not mandate high-pressure implantation or prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, and were limited by short-term follow-up. METHODS: A total of 243 @entity1 at 47 centers with 1 to 2 discrete lesions in SVGs were prospectively randomized to JOSTENT implantation (>= 18 atm.) versus bare-metal stents (BMS). The JOSTENT @entity1 were treated with @entity117 indefinitely and @entity1397 for >= 8 months. Routine angiographic follow-up was performed at 8 months, and all @entity1 were followed for 5 years. RESULTS: The primary end point of in-lesion binary restenosis occurred in 31.8% of lesions treated with the JOSTENT versus 28.4% of lesions treated with BMS (relative risk: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72 to 1.75, p = 0.63). At 9 months, the major secondary end point of target vessel failure ( @entity204 , @entity583 , or clinically driven target vessel revascularization) occurred in 32.2% of @entity1 treated with the JOSTENT versus 22.1% of @entity1 treated with BMS (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.94 to 2.53, p = 0.08). During long-term follow-up, significantly more events accrued in the JOSTENT arm such that by 5 years target vessel failure had occurred in 68.3% of JOSTENT @entity1 versus 51.8% of BMS @entity1 (hazard ratio: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.23, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term prognosis for diseased SVGs requiring PCI is dismal. The JOSTENT PTFE stent-graft results in inferior outcomes compared with BMS, despite high-pressure implantation and prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, a finding that becomes more evident with longer-term follow-up.

title: 5-year follow-up of XXXX -covered stents compared with bare-metal stents in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts the randomized BARRICADE (barrier approach to restenosis: restrict intima to curtail adverse events) trial.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role for testis-sparing surgery in the treatment of primary @entity75 in childhood is growing. The reliability of scrotal ultrasonograpy (US) in the management of these lesions is still controversial. @entity1 : Between 1991 and 2007, 383 @entity1 and adolescents presented with @entity10523 . Ultrasound results and records of @entity1 with primary @entity1062 were analyzed. RESULTS: 12 of 383 @entity1 (3.1%) had a histologically proven primary intratesticular @entity5 . Scrotal US was highly sensitive for the detection of these lesions. @entity1 ' mean age at initial US was 6 years (9 prepubertal, 3 juvenile @entity1 ). The most frequent symptom was a painless unilateral scrotal mass (75%). Tumor markers or @entity251 were elevated in 6/12 @entity1 . Histology was intratesticular germ cell in 7, sexcord @entity5 in 4 and @entity8702 in 1 @entity1 . US correctly distinguished between benign and malignant lesions in all cases. When combined with clinical symptoms, US predicted 75% of histologies. After including hormone and @entity5 marker levels, a correct preoperative diagnosis was made for all @entity1 with germ cell, and for 75% of @entity1 with sexcord @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Scrotal US is highly sensitive for the detection of childhood primary @entity5 and, when combined with clinical data, highly reliable for differential diagnosis. It may help clinicians to decide when to opt for testis-sparing surgery.

title: High reliability of scrotal ultrasonography in the management of childhood primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intratesticular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stromal tumor', 'tumor', 'intratesticular tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity8702 :: ('MESH:D018324', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['testicular neoplasms']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testicular neoplasms']


abstract: The primary effort of neurosurgery over the past two or three decades has been to deal effectively with @entity438 surgically. Concomitantly with aggressive medical treatment, considerable progress has occurred in the prevention of early rebleeding and the treatment of the @entity63 , the most serious features of the natural history of a @entity1756 . The major problem now becoming evident is that in spite of this progress, the majority of @entity1 are not seen by physicians and there has been only a small impact on the overall morbidity. It is dismaying to realize that many @entity1 go unrecognized, at least until a massive brain-destroying @entity548 has occurred. Only a small fraction of the @entity1 are seen after the initial bleed when the greatest therapeutic reward would occur. The challenge for the future, then, will be the early recognition of the initial @entity548 , the warning @entity548 . It will require public education about the problem in a continuing fashion, as well as continuing emphasis on it for students and physicians. The potential for prevention of @entity204 or dreadful disability is large for thousands in the prime of life each year. While delayed surgery is safe, a significant amount of rebleeding and @entity63 with @entity2553 still occur, resulting in an unsatisfactory overall morbidity. A collaborative study is desirable to determine with sufficient @entity1 whether very early modern operation in many hands will reduce this morbidity.

title: Progress in cerebrovascular disease. Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic syndrome', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']