abstract: Five-year-old early maturing @entity2486 trees ( @entity2486 cv. Flordastar grafted on GF-677 @entity2486 rootstock) were subjected to three irrigation treatments from March 18 to November 10, 2006. Control plants (T0 treatment) which received irrigation in excess of their crop water requirements (1089.7 mm) were compared with plants watered according to sap flow (SF; T1 treatment) or @entity851 ( @entity851 ; T2 treatment) measurements, so as to maintain SF and @entity851 signal intensities (control SF/SF in T1 and @entity851 in T2/control @entity851 , respectively) close to unity. When SF or @entity851 signal intensity on at least two of three consecutive days was at or below unity, irrigation was reduced by 10%. When the @entity851 signal intensity on at least two of three consecutive days exceeded unity, irrigation was increased by 10%. During the experiment, estimated crop evapotranspiration was 704.9 mm, and the cumulative amounts of applied water in the T1 and T2 treatments were 463.2 and 654.5 mm, respectively. The @entity851 -signal-intensity-driven irrigation schedule was more suitable than the SF-signal-intensity-driven irrigation schedule because it was more sensitive and reliable in detecting changes in plant water status, preventing the development of detectable plant water stress. Moreover, it had no effect on fruit size. We conclude that @entity2486 tree irrigation scheduling can be based on @entity851 measurements alone. Changes in the irrigation protocol assayed were proposed to reduce @entity851 signal intensity deviations above unity, for example, by increasing the irrigation scheduling frequency or the amount of water applied, or both. Irrigation schedules based on maintaining @entity851 signal intensities close to unity could be applied when local crop factor values are unavailable.

title: Evaluation of sap flow and trunk diameter sensors for irrigation scheduling in early maturing XXXX trees.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'maximum daily trunk shrinkage']

entities_list: @entity2486 :: ('3760', 'Species') :: ['peach', 'Prunus persica (L.) Batsch']

answer: @entity2486 :: (3760,Species) :: ['peach']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of laparoscopic management of @entity8040 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: A tertiary referral hospital in Israel. @entity1 (S): Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 with @entity8040 who were diagnosed and treated at our institute. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopy was undertaken in 20 (74%) of the @entity1 . Resection of the cornua and/or a Vicryl loop placement was performed. In 6 cases, laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy. In addition, laparotomy was performed in 2 other cases. Five cases were managed conservatively: 3 with systemic @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and leucovorin, 1 with transvaginal sonography-guided KCl injection to the amniotic sac, and 1 with hysteroscopic-guided @entity1500 injection to the amniotic sac. Further treatment after surgery was required in 4 cases: transvaginal sonography-guided KCl injection, @entity1500 or @entity4338 + @entity1500 (1 case each) injection to the amniotic sac, and systemic @entity1500 injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Successful laparoscopy, determined as not needing follow-up treatment. RESULT(S): The mean gestational age was 56 days. The average and median serum hCG levels were 31,199 and 6,653 IU/mL, respectively. Six of the @entity1 (22%) were admitted in @entity1457 . Nine @entity1 (33.3%) were asymptomatic upon admission, 14 (52%) had @entity490 , and 8 (29.6%) were evaluated for @entity3556 . One @entity1 developed @entity1457 after admission. Only 15 (55.6%) of the 27 pregnancies were diagnosed as a @entity8040 by transvaginal sonography before the therapeutic procedure. Blood transfusion was given in seven cases (26%) during surgery. The mean number of days of hospitalization was 5.7 days for @entity1 who underwent surgery and was 7.1 days for all @entity1 . A comparison was made between the first 11 and the last 11 cases treated surgically. Although the two groups were similar in all parameters, conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy was higher in the first group, although not at a statistically significant level. CONCLUSION(S): Improved laparoscopic technique, accumulated experience, and possibly earlier diagnosis have led to fewer @entity177 or need to convert to laparotomy during treatment of @entity8040 . Conservative treatment, when possible, should be considered. If surgery is indicated, and as more laparoscopic skill is gained, laparoscopy should be considered the preferred method of treating @entity8040 . In experienced hands, laparoscopy is a safe and effective treatment for @entity8040 .

title: Laparoscopic treatment of XXXX : a series of 20 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['operative failures']

entities_list: @entity8040 :: ('MESH:D065173', 'Disease') :: ['cornual pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity8040 :: (MESH:D065173,Disease) :: ['cornual pregnancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic factors in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity957 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS: We analyzed 108 @entity1 with FIGO stage Ib2-IVa @entity189 treated with CCRT between 1996 and 2003 at the University of the Ryukyus Hospital. @entity1 with a local @entity5 size of 4cm or more in diameter or lymph node enlargement were treated with CCRT. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to test differences in survival. Fisher's exact test was used for univariate analysis. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The median age and the median follow-up were 50 years (range: 25-70 years) and 48 months (range: 4-102 months), respectively. The 4-year distant DFS of all @entity1 were 83%. Thirty-two of 108 @entity1 were diagnosed with recurrence. Twenty @entity1 had distant failure, of which 17 had only distant @entity3 , three @entity1 both distant and loco-regional recurrence, and the remaining 12 @entity1 recurred loco-regionally. @entity957 antigen ( @entity6461 ) immediately after CCRT was an independent predictive factor for distant recurrence on multivariate analysis. The 4-year distant DFS of these @entity1 was 62.5%, which was significantly worse than 89.2% in @entity1 with negative serum @entity6461 level (p=0.003). It should be noted that the distant @entity3 occurred within 6 months in six of the nine @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Positive serum @entity6461 immediately after the treatment was a predictive factor for distant recurrence. New strategies should be considered to control distant recurrence in this group of @entity1 .

title: Predictive factor of distant recurrence in locally advanced XXXX treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Positive serum squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Previous work suggest aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered @entity167 in pre-weanling @entity35 . Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral @entity167 infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of @entity167 . Yet, post-absorptive effects of @entity1068 seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or @entity167 . In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of @entity167 or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the @entity167 -related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with @entity167 or during a later @entity167 post-infusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that @entity167 -pre-exposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with @entity167 's post-absorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral @entity1068 acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to @entity167 allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's post-ingestive effects.

title: Infant @entity35 exhibit aversive learning mediated by XXXX 's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by @entity1068 's post-ingestive effects.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Previous work suggest aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered @entity167 in pre-weanling @entity35 . Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral @entity167 infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of @entity167 . Yet, post-absorptive effects of @entity1068 seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or @entity167 . In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of @entity167 or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the @entity167 -related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with @entity167 or during a later @entity167 post-infusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that @entity167 -pre-exposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with @entity167 's post-absorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral @entity1068 acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to @entity167 allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's post-ingestive effects.

title: Infant @entity35 exhibit aversive learning mediated by @entity1068 's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by XXXX 's post-ingestive effects.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Previous work suggest aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered @entity167 in pre-weanling @entity35 . Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral @entity167 infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of @entity167 . Yet, post-absorptive effects of @entity1068 seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or @entity167 . In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of @entity167 or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the @entity167 -related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with @entity167 or during a later @entity167 post-infusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that @entity167 -pre-exposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with @entity167 's post-absorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral @entity1068 acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to @entity167 allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's post-ingestive effects.

title: Infant XXXX exhibit aversive learning mediated by @entity1068 's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by @entity1068 's post-ingestive effects.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: It is known that certain dietary fats can modulate @entity35 @entity251 metabolism. In the current study we have investigated testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities and serum @entity251 levels in @entity35 fed diets containing either different protein sources (casein, fishmeal, whey) or different lipid sources ( @entity1460 oil, @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), seal oil, fish oil, lard). The diets examined reflect different marine oils and proteins which are significant components of Northern Canadian diets. Male @entity35 (42-45 days old, 6 per group), were assigned to specific diets for 42 days. On the 43rd day of the study, @entity35 were sacrificed and blood plasma and testes frozen (-80 degrees C) until analysis. Microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activities (3beta-HSD, 17-OHase, C-17,20-lyase, @entity27581 ) were measured radiometrically. There were no differences in enzyme activities between the three dietary protein sources. In contrast, compared with the standard casein diet, all lipid sources caused reductions in C-17,20-lyase activity (>50%); seal oil and fish oil reduced 17-OHase activity (approximately 30%) and @entity1460 oil, @entity4601 fish oil and lard reduced @entity27581 activity (approximately 30%). No effect on 3beta-HSD activity was evident. Serum @entity251 levels were determined using ELISA kits and were not affected by any diet with the exception of the @entity1460 oil diet which was significantly elevated compared with the casein protein diet. Body and testis weights were not affected by diet. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that some dietary lipid sources caused reductions in testicular 17-OHase and C-17,20-lyase activities but not to the extent that serum T levels were affected, while @entity1460 oil caused elevated serum @entity251 in the absence of elevated steroidogenic enzyme activities.

title: Effects of dietary fats and proteins on @entity35 testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: It is known that certain dietary fats can modulate @entity35 @entity251 metabolism. In the current study we have investigated testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities and serum @entity251 levels in @entity35 fed diets containing either different protein sources (casein, fishmeal, whey) or different lipid sources ( @entity1460 oil, @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), seal oil, fish oil, lard). The diets examined reflect different marine oils and proteins which are significant components of Northern Canadian diets. Male @entity35 (42-45 days old, 6 per group), were assigned to specific diets for 42 days. On the 43rd day of the study, @entity35 were sacrificed and blood plasma and testes frozen (-80 degrees C) until analysis. Microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activities (3beta-HSD, 17-OHase, C-17,20-lyase, @entity27581 ) were measured radiometrically. There were no differences in enzyme activities between the three dietary protein sources. In contrast, compared with the standard casein diet, all lipid sources caused reductions in C-17,20-lyase activity (>50%); seal oil and fish oil reduced 17-OHase activity (approximately 30%) and @entity1460 oil, @entity4601 fish oil and lard reduced @entity27581 activity (approximately 30%). No effect on 3beta-HSD activity was evident. Serum @entity251 levels were determined using ELISA kits and were not affected by any diet with the exception of the @entity1460 oil diet which was significantly elevated compared with the casein protein diet. Body and testis weights were not affected by diet. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that some dietary lipid sources caused reductions in testicular 17-OHase and C-17,20-lyase activities but not to the extent that serum T levels were affected, while @entity1460 oil caused elevated serum @entity251 in the absence of elevated steroidogenic enzyme activities.

title: Effects of dietary fats and proteins on XXXX testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum @entity251 levels.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene signatures of sporadic @entity14 tissues and microdissected @entity14 cells were analyzed to identify stromal and @entity5 cell-specific markers, respectively. METHODS: Serial sections of frozen @entity14 (n=29) were subjected to RNA isolation of (1) entire tissue sections with a various @entity5 cell content and of (2) microdissected invasive @entity5 cells. Three matching samples of microdissected normal colorectal epithelial and invasive @entity5 cells were similarly obtained. RNA samples were analyzed using the HG95A and HG95Av2 GeneChip microarrays (Affymetrix). The microarray data was evaluated by established methods and validated by Q-RT-PCR. RESULTS: Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of 18 sample pairs (training set) clearly distinguished @entity5 from microdissected @entity5 cells. A 149-gene signature was identified using statistical methods, which was then validated by a hierarchical clustering analysis of 11 independent sample pairs (test set). Genes specifically associated with microdissected invasive @entity5 cells were for example @entity25261 and @entity18962 . In contrast, genes associated with stromal cells were for example @entity1476 , @entity1570 and @entity70802 . Finally, a 65-gene signature distinguished normal colorectal epithelial cells and invasive @entity5 cells, including down-regulation of @entity1841 and @entity10793 mRNA expression as well as up-regulation of @entity20176 , @entity9618 , @entity24487 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our approach allowed precise evaluation of molecular signatures in morphologically defined cell populations and identified novel target genes related to @entity5 interactions in @entity14 . The approach enables further analysis of gene signatures in different @entity5 areas and cell types, such as within invasive margins to decipher molecular mechanisms of @entity14 and @entity3 .

title: Identification of gene signatures for invasive XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stroma-tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer invasion', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumor', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: Excessive @entity1388 (F) can lead to abnormal bone biology. Numerous studies have focused on the anabolic action of F yet little is known regarding any action on osteoclastogenesis. Little is known regarding the influence of an individual's genetic background on the responses of bone cells to F. Four-week old C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) female @entity19 were treated with @entity7034 in the drinking water (0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm F ion) for 3 weeks. Bone marrow cells were harvested for osteoclastogenesis and hematopoietic colony-forming cell assays. Sera were analyzed for biochemical and bone markers. Femurs, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae were subjected to microCT analysis. Tibiae and femurs were subjected to histology and biomechanical testing, respectively. The results demonstrated new actions of F on osteoclastogenesis and hematopoietic cell differentiation. Strain-specific responses were observed. The anabolic action of F was favored in B6 @entity19 exhibiting dose-dependent increases in serum ALP activity (p<0.001); in proximal tibia trabecular and vertebral @entity1555 (tibia at 50_100 ppm, p=0.001; vertebrae at 50 and 100 ppm, p=0.023_0.019, respectively); and decrease in intact PTH and sRANKL (p=0.045 and p<0.001, respectively). F treatment in B6 @entity19 also resulted in increased numbers of CFU-GEMM colonies (p=0.025). @entity6475 in bone [F] were observed. For C3H @entity19 , dose-dependent increases were observed in osteoclast potential (p<0.001), in situ trabecular osteoclast number (p=0.007), hematopoietic colony forming units (CFU-GEMM: p<0.001, CFU-GM: p=0.006, CFU-M: p<0.001), and serum markers for osteoclastogenesis (intact PTH: p=0.004, @entity5271 : p=0.022, TRAP5b: p<0.001). A concordant decrease in serum @entity5271 (p=0.005) was also observed. @entity1388 treatment had no significant effects on bone morphology, @entity1555 , and serum PYD cross-links in C3H suggesting a lack of significant bone resorption. Mechanical properties were also unaltered in C3H. In conclusion, short term F treatment at physiological levels has strain-specific effects in @entity19 . The expected anabolic effects were observed in B6 and novel actions hallmarked by enhanced osteoclastogenesis shifts in hematopoietic cell differentiation in the C3H strain.

title: Genetic background influences XXXX 's effects on osteoclastogenesis.

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Strain-specific accumulations']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity130 occurs in 3% to 12% of @entity1 with @entity1661 . The best procedure to treat major @entity397 continues to be a challenge. The purpose of the present study was to analyze differences between the time of gastroduodenal pylorus reopening after its closure with different suture materials and to verify the influence of vagotomy on local tissue changes. METHODS: Thirty @entity35 were submitted to closure of the gastroduodenal pylorus and gastrojejunal @entity254 . The animals were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to the type of suture material used: plain catgut, @entity6886 , and @entity7502 . Half of the animals in each group (n = 5) were also submitted to truncal vagotomy. Postoperative assessment included weekly abdominal X-ray following intragastric contrast injection until re-establishment of the gastroduodenal transit or for a maximum period of 4 wk. At the end of the follow-up period, the pyloric regions and the gastrojejunal @entity254 were removed for histological analysis. The groups were compared by the Kaplan-Meier test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The @entity7502 suture maintained the pylorus closed for a longer period of time (36.3 +/- 11.6 d) (P < 0.05). No difference was observed between the @entity6886 suture (25.8 +/- 14.2 d) and the plain catgut suture (18.7 +/- 10.2 d). Vagotomy did not influence the time of pyloric reopening, but was associated with a less intense gastric inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The nonabsorbable suture was the most adequate for exclusion of pyloric transit. Vagotomy had no influence on the time of pyloric reopening but reduced @entity356 .

title: Reopening of the gastroduodenal pylorus after its closure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ruptures']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric inflammation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the results of laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy performed for organ confined @entity150 by a single surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1999 and December 2005, 55 laparoscopic radical cystectomies were performed by a single surgeon. Of these @entity1 30 who had organ confined @entity150 on preoperative evaluation formed the laparoscopic radical cystectomy group and 35 who underwent open radical cystectomy performed by the same surgeon formed the open radical cystectomy group. All @entity1 underwent radical cystectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. In the laparoscopic radical cystectomy group the ileal conduit was created through the 6 to 10 cm midline incision used for specimen extraction. RESULTS: Mean operative time was significantly more in the laparoscopic group. However, mean @entity190 , analgesic requirement and transfusion requirement were significantly less in the laparoscopic group. The complication rate in the 2 groups was not significantly different. One @entity1 per group had a margin positive for @entity150 . At a mean followup of 38 (range 15 to 54) and 46 months (range 14 to 96) 23 @entity1 (76%) in the laparoscopic group and 28 (80%) in the open group, respectively, survived free of recurrence (p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic approach provides the benefit of lesser @entity190 and @entity282 in @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy for organ confined @entity150 . The oncological outcome is comparable to that of open radical cystectomy at 3-year followup. However, longer followup in a larger cohort of @entity1 is needed to assess long-term oncological and functional outcomes.

title: Comparison of laparoscopic and open radical cystoprostatectomy for localized XXXX with 3-year oncological followup: a single surgeon experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on contemporary epidemiological and pathological characteristics of @entity263 we explain the rationale for and concerns about focal therapy for @entity263 , review potential methods of delivery and propose study design parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, imaging, treatment and pathology of @entity263 were reviewed with a particular emphasis on technologies applicable for focal therapy, defined as targeted ablation of a limited area of the prostate expected to contain the dominant or only focus of @entity5 . A consensus summary was constructed by a multidisciplinary international task force of @entity263 experts, forming the basis of the current review. RESULTS: In regions with a high prevalence of @entity1486 screening the over detection and subsequent overtreatment of @entity263 is common. The incidence of @entity5 in radical prostatectomy specimens is 13% to 38%. In many others there is an index lesion with secondary foci containing pathological features similar to those found incidentally at autopsy. Because biopsy strategies and imaging techniques can provide more precise @entity5 localization and characterization, there is growing interest in focal therapy targeting unifocal or biologically unifocal @entity5 . The major arguments against focal therapy are multifocality, limited accuracy of @entity5 , the unpredictable @entity146 of secondary foci and the lack of established technology for focal ablation. Emerging technologies with the potential for focal therapy include high intensity focused ultrasound, cryotherapy, radio frequency ablation and photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of @entity263 has led to concerns that while many @entity5 now diagnosed pose too little a threat for radical therapy, many @entity1 are reluctant to accept watchful waiting or active surveillance. Several emerging technologies seem capable of focal destruction of prostate tissue with minimal morbidity. We encourage the investigation of focal therapy in select @entity1 with @entity263 in prospective clinical trials that carefully document safety, functional outcomes and @entity5 control.

title: Focal therapy for XXXX : a critical appraisal of rationale and modalities.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'low risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'unifocal cancers', 'staging', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An overview of the effectiveness of radiosurgery in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4254 with an analysis of potential predictors of good outcome. METHODS: All @entity1 treated with linear accelerator radiosurgery between 2004 and 2011 were analysed. A dose of 60Gy dose was administered 1 to 2mm from the root entry zone with a maximum isodose of 20% delivered to the brainstem. Clinical results for @entity158 control and any side effects were analysed at 12 and 36 months (BNI score). RESULTS: The study included 71 @entity1 (mean follow-up 50.5 months). @entity158 improvement at 12 months was observed in 68.11% of the total (28.98% with BNI score i-ii; 39.12% with BNI score iii) and at 36 months in 58.21% (23.88% BNI score i-ii; 34.32% BNI score iii). Average recovery time was 3.69 months and the relapse rate was 44.68%. @entity1 with typical @entity158 displayed statistically significant differences in improvement rates at 12 and at 36 months (P<047 and P<.002). Onset of improvement was analysed using Kaplan-Meyer plots. Statistically significant differences were observed between @entity1 with typical and atypical @entity158 at 36 months (P<.012) in Kaplan-Meyer plots. Side effects were recorded in 15 @entity1 (20.89%), including 9 cases of facial @entity1183 (13.43%); only 2 cases were clinically relevant (2.98%). CONCLUSION: According to our results, radiosurgery is an effective treatment for @entity4254 , with few side effects. Typical @entity158 seems to be a good predictor of @entity158 relief.

title: Outcome of radiosurgery treatment with a linear accelerator in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An overview of the effectiveness of radiosurgery in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4254 with an analysis of potential predictors of good outcome. METHODS: All @entity1 treated with linear accelerator radiosurgery between 2004 and 2011 were analysed. A dose of 60Gy dose was administered 1 to 2mm from the root entry zone with a maximum isodose of 20% delivered to the brainstem. Clinical results for @entity158 control and any side effects were analysed at 12 and 36 months (BNI score). RESULTS: The study included 71 @entity1 (mean follow-up 50.5 months). @entity158 improvement at 12 months was observed in 68.11% of the total (28.98% with BNI score i-ii; 39.12% with BNI score iii) and at 36 months in 58.21% (23.88% BNI score i-ii; 34.32% BNI score iii). Average recovery time was 3.69 months and the relapse rate was 44.68%. @entity1 with typical @entity158 displayed statistically significant differences in improvement rates at 12 and at 36 months (P<047 and P<.002). Onset of improvement was analysed using Kaplan-Meyer plots. Statistically significant differences were observed between @entity1 with typical and atypical @entity158 at 36 months (P<.012) in Kaplan-Meyer plots. Side effects were recorded in 15 @entity1 (20.89%), including 9 cases of facial @entity1183 (13.43%); only 2 cases were clinically relevant (2.98%). CONCLUSION: According to our results, radiosurgery is an effective treatment for @entity4254 , with few side effects. Typical @entity158 seems to be a good predictor of @entity158 relief.

title: Outcome of radiosurgery treatment with a linear accelerator in XXXX with @entity4254 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine if there were circadian variations in surgeons' ability to diagnose @entity697 . DESIGN: Retrospective database study of all @entity1 admitted to an acute surgical procedure under the potential diagnosis of @entity697 in a 4-year period. The day was divided into 2 time intervals, day to evening hours (08:00-23:59) and night hours (00:00-07:59). Relevant data regarding the admission and surgical procedures were categorized into these 2 time intervals. SETTING: Department of Surgery at a Danish university hospital in Copenhagen. @entity1 : A total of 2366 @entity1 were included. There were no age limitations or selection in sex. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the ability to diagnose @entity698 in day-evening hours vs night hours (p = 0.391), nor was any significant difference found on weekdays (Monday-Thursday) vs weekends (Friday-Sunday) (p = 0.278). There were no differences in duration of the procedures, rate of conversion, or severity of postoperative surgical complications between the 2 groups. More @entity1 underwent diagnostic imaging during day to evening hours compared with night hours (308 vs 46; p = 0.014). The use of imaging had no effect on the ability to diagnose @entity698 . Male sex showed a higher probability of the diagnosis being @entity698 compared with other or no pathology (odds ratio: 3.094; p < 0.001). Age between 40 and 80 years was significantly associated with a higher probability of the diagnosis being @entity698 compared with other or no pathology. The negative appendectomy rate was 10.5%. CONCLUSION: We found no difference in the surgeons' ability to diagnose @entity697 during night hours compared with day to evening hours.

title: No Circadian Variation in Surgeons' Ability to Diagnose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the findings from a massive endoscopic screening program in a high-risk area of China and to evaluate the prognosis of @entity1 diagnosed through endoscopic screening compared with those diagnosed at usual hospital visits because of illness. METHODS: In 2006, an early detection and treatment program was initiated in Yangzhong county, China. Local residents aged 40-69 years were eligible for free endoscopic screening. Endoscopic examination was performed with @entity20046 staining, followed by biopsies. @entity1 diagnosed with esophageal or @entity356 were referred for treatment and followed to assess their long-term survival status. RESULTS: From 2006 through 2012, we screened 12453 @entity1 , including 5334 (42.8%) @entity1 and 7119 (57.2%) @entity1 . The average age was 52.8  8.0 years. We detected 166 @entity1 with upper digestive tract @entity5 , including 106 @entity5 in the esophagus (detection rate: 0.85%) and 60 @entity5 in the stomach (detection rate: 0.48%). Of these @entity1 , 98.11% with @entity418 and 100% with @entity356 were defined as at the early stage. In the process of follow-up, 17 @entity1 died from @entity5 -related causes, and the median survival time was greater than 85 months. The overall survival rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 98.0%, 90.0% and 89.0%, respectively. A significant positive effect was observed for the long-term survival of @entity1 diagnosed through massive endoscopic screening. CONCLUSIONS: In a high-risk population, massive endoscopic screening can identify early stage @entity5 and improve @entity1 ' prognosis through early detection and treatment.

title: Massive Endoscopic Screening for Esophageal and XXXX in a High-Risk Area of China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of esophageal and gastric cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity20046 :: ('MESH:C010389', 'Chemical') :: ["Lugol's iodine"]

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8670 10993-5 provides one of the accepted standards for testing the biotoxicity of new materials. All of the recommended test procedures rely upon the uptake or metabolism of dye by living cells. Results of direct contact tests can be potentially compromised by interaction or adsorption of the dye or its metabolic products. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to validate the use of the eGFP signal of transfected NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with the results of the @entity98 test in order to provide a test procedure that is very close to the @entity8670 10993-5 but has the advantage of not relying on the addition of dye. Our tests show that the @entity98 assay detects @entity137 in the eGFP NIH-3T3 cells at least as well as in the L929 cells. To facilitate the validation, we chose to integrate the fluorescence measurements into the @entity98 test procedure. To that end, an additional washing step was introduced. Additionally, medium without @entity3971 red was used, resulting in a very high correlation of both measurements. Without these modifications, the fluorescence test was comparable to the @entity98 test in its ability to detect the cytotoxic potential of substances; however, it did result in slightly elevated IC50 concentrations. As the results of both tests correlated highly, measurement of the eGFP signal appears to present a reliable tool for detecting @entity137 of materials in line with the @entity8670 10993-5 norm with the advantage of avoiding the addition of dyes and the subsequent potential interaction with test materials.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2015.

title: Validation of eGFP fluorescence intensity for testing in vitro XXXX according to @entity8670 10993-5.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8670 10993-5 provides one of the accepted standards for testing the biotoxicity of new materials. All of the recommended test procedures rely upon the uptake or metabolism of dye by living cells. Results of direct contact tests can be potentially compromised by interaction or adsorption of the dye or its metabolic products. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to validate the use of the eGFP signal of transfected NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with the results of the @entity98 test in order to provide a test procedure that is very close to the @entity8670 10993-5 but has the advantage of not relying on the addition of dye. Our tests show that the @entity98 assay detects @entity137 in the eGFP NIH-3T3 cells at least as well as in the L929 cells. To facilitate the validation, we chose to integrate the fluorescence measurements into the @entity98 test procedure. To that end, an additional washing step was introduced. Additionally, medium without @entity3971 red was used, resulting in a very high correlation of both measurements. Without these modifications, the fluorescence test was comparable to the @entity98 test in its ability to detect the cytotoxic potential of substances; however, it did result in slightly elevated IC50 concentrations. As the results of both tests correlated highly, measurement of the eGFP signal appears to present a reliable tool for detecting @entity137 of materials in line with the @entity8670 10993-5 norm with the advantage of avoiding the addition of dyes and the subsequent potential interaction with test materials.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2015.

title: Validation of eGFP fluorescence intensity for testing in vitro @entity137 according to XXXX 10993-5.

answer: @entity8670 :: (D007545,Chemical) :: ['ISO']


abstract: OBJECT: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the @entity5 control rate and functional outcome after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in @entity1 with a @entity808 . The conditions associated with the development of @entity129 after radiosurgery were scrutinized. METHODS: The authors reviewed the clinical records and radiological data in 22 consecutive @entity1 who received GKS for a @entity808 . The median @entity5 volume was 4.1 ml (0.2-12.0 ml), and the mean @entity5 margin dose was 13.3 +/- 1.3 Gy at an isodose line of 49.9 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- standard deviation). The median clinical follow-up period was 46 months (range 24-89 months), and the median length of imaging follow-up was 37 months (range 24-79 months). RESULTS: @entity5 growth control was achieved in 21 (95%) of the 22 @entity1 . @entity158 responded best to radiosurgery, with two thirds of @entity1 showing improvement. However, only one third of @entity1 with @entity1183 improved. Six @entity1 (27%) experienced new or worsening @entity129 after GKS. Ten @entity1 (46%) showed @entity5 expansion after radiosurgery, and nine of these also showed central enhancement loss. Loss of central enhancement, @entity5 expansion, and a @entity5 in a cavernous sinus were found to be significantly related to the emergence of @entity129 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of GKS to treat @entity808 resulted in a high rate of @entity5 control and functional improvement. @entity129 are bothersome complications of radiosurgery, and @entity5 expansion in a cavernous sinus after radiosurgery appears to be the proximate cause of the complication. Loss of central enhancement could be used as a warning sign of @entity129 , and for this vigilant @entity1 monitoring is required.

title: Gamma Knife surgery and XXXX : is it possible to preserve @entity129 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies', 'Cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Facial pain']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['trigeminal schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECT: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the @entity5 control rate and functional outcome after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in @entity1 with a @entity808 . The conditions associated with the development of @entity129 after radiosurgery were scrutinized. METHODS: The authors reviewed the clinical records and radiological data in 22 consecutive @entity1 who received GKS for a @entity808 . The median @entity5 volume was 4.1 ml (0.2-12.0 ml), and the mean @entity5 margin dose was 13.3 +/- 1.3 Gy at an isodose line of 49.9 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- standard deviation). The median clinical follow-up period was 46 months (range 24-89 months), and the median length of imaging follow-up was 37 months (range 24-79 months). RESULTS: @entity5 growth control was achieved in 21 (95%) of the 22 @entity1 . @entity158 responded best to radiosurgery, with two thirds of @entity1 showing improvement. However, only one third of @entity1 with @entity1183 improved. Six @entity1 (27%) experienced new or worsening @entity129 after GKS. Ten @entity1 (46%) showed @entity5 expansion after radiosurgery, and nine of these also showed central enhancement loss. Loss of central enhancement, @entity5 expansion, and a @entity5 in a cavernous sinus were found to be significantly related to the emergence of @entity129 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of GKS to treat @entity808 resulted in a high rate of @entity5 control and functional improvement. @entity129 are bothersome complications of radiosurgery, and @entity5 expansion in a cavernous sinus after radiosurgery appears to be the proximate cause of the complication. Loss of central enhancement could be used as a warning sign of @entity129 , and for this vigilant @entity1 monitoring is required.

title: Gamma Knife surgery and @entity808 : is it possible to preserve XXXX ?

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve function']


abstract: @entity191 is a @entity179 that has received considerable attention in allopathic medicine over the past decades. However, it is clear that, to date, pharmacological and surgical interventions do not fully address symptoms of @entity1726 and @entity1 ' quality of life. As both an alternative therapy and as an adjuvant to conventional approaches, several types of rhythmic movement (e.g., movement strategies, dance, tandem biking, and Tai Chi) have shown improvements to motor symptoms, lower limb control, and postural stability in @entity1 with @entity1726 (1-6). However, while these programs are increasing in number, still little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying motor improvements attained with such interventions. Studying limb motor control under task-specific contexts can help determine the mechanisms of rehabilitation effectiveness. Both internally guided (IG) and externally guided (EG) movement strategies have evidence to support their use in rehabilitative programs. However, there appears to be a degree of differentiation in the neural substrates involved in IG vs. EG designs. Because of the potential task-specific benefits of rhythmic training within a rehabilitative context, this report will consider the use of IG and EG movement strategies, and observations produced by functional magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging techniques. This review will present findings from lower limb imaging studies, under IG and EG conditions for populations with and without @entity717 . We will discuss how these studies might inform @entity717 rehabilitation (in the form of rhythmic, music-based movement training) and highlight research gaps. We believe better understanding of lower limb neural activity with respect to @entity73 during rhythmic IG and EG movement will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches to mobility limitations and postural instability.

title: Context-Dependent Neural Activation: Internally and Externally Guided Rhythmic Lower Limb Movement in Individuals With and Without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['PD impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegenerative Disease']


abstract: Researches show that @entity3800 have important effects on migration of endothelial cells and endothelial protection in @entity301 . Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as a progenitor cell type that can differentiate into endothelial cells, have a critical role in angiogenesis and endothelial protection. The relationship between @entity342 and the functions of EPCs has animated much interest and controversy. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic and migratory functions of EPCs after treatment by @entity586 ( @entity587 ) and the molecular mechanisms as well. We found that @entity587 treatment enhanced the incorporation of EPCs into tubular structures formed by HUVECs and the migratory activity of EPCs in the transwell assay dose dependently. Moreover, microarray analysis was performed to explore how @entity587 changes the gene expression profiles of EPCs. We found 346 differentially expressed genes in @entity342 -treated EPCs. Angiogenesis-related genes like @entity5738 , @entity24319 , @entity21046 , and @entity31425 were identified to be regulated upon @entity587 treatment. Furthermore, the enhanced angiogenic and migratory abilities of EPCs after @entity587 treatment were inhibited by @entity5738 -siRNA transfection. In conclusion, our findings suggest that @entity587 markedly enhances the vessel forming ability and migration capacity of EPCs. @entity5738 signaling may be a possible pathway in this process.

title: @entity342 Modulates Functions of Endothelial Progenitor Cells through Activated XXXX Signaling.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity5738 :: (1958,Gene) :: ['Egr1']


abstract: Researches show that @entity3800 have important effects on migration of endothelial cells and endothelial protection in @entity301 . Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as a progenitor cell type that can differentiate into endothelial cells, have a critical role in angiogenesis and endothelial protection. The relationship between @entity342 and the functions of EPCs has animated much interest and controversy. In this study, we investigated the angiogenic and migratory functions of EPCs after treatment by @entity586 ( @entity587 ) and the molecular mechanisms as well. We found that @entity587 treatment enhanced the incorporation of EPCs into tubular structures formed by HUVECs and the migratory activity of EPCs in the transwell assay dose dependently. Moreover, microarray analysis was performed to explore how @entity587 changes the gene expression profiles of EPCs. We found 346 differentially expressed genes in @entity342 -treated EPCs. Angiogenesis-related genes like @entity5738 , @entity24319 , @entity21046 , and @entity31425 were identified to be regulated upon @entity587 treatment. Furthermore, the enhanced angiogenic and migratory abilities of EPCs after @entity587 treatment were inhibited by @entity5738 -siRNA transfection. In conclusion, our findings suggest that @entity587 markedly enhances the vessel forming ability and migration capacity of EPCs. @entity5738 signaling may be a possible pathway in this process.

title: XXXX Modulates Functions of Endothelial Progenitor Cells through Activated @entity5738 Signaling.

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility, functional outcome, and disease control of endoscopic surgery and irradiation in @entity1 with @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx. DESIGN: Prospective, single-arm, phase 2 multi-institutional trial. SETTING: Southwest Oncology Group trial S9709. @entity1 : Thirty-four @entity1 diagnosed as having stage I, stage II, or selected stage III (T1-2N1M0) supraglottic @entity189 enrolled from September 15, 1997, to December 1, 2001. INTERVENTIONS: Transoral supraglottic laryngectomy by @entity544 laser followed by planned postoperative radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three-year progression-free survival, proportion of @entity1 requiring tracheostomy as a result of surgery, and time to adequate oral intake. RESULTS: All 34 @entity1 underwent surgery without major protocol deviation. Thirty-two @entity1 (94%) completed planned postoperative radiotherapy without major deviation. At the time of analysis, only 1 @entity1 (3%) had documented local disease recurrence at the primary disease site and required salvage total laryngectomy, and 2 @entity1 (6%) had documented regional recurrence and required salvage neck dissection. Estimated 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 79% and 88%, respectively. No subjects required tracheostomy as a direct consequence of endoscopic resection. @entity1 who required tracheostomy before endoscopic resection due to either obstructive @entity5 bulk or unfavorable anatomy that precluded safe intubation (4 @entity1 [12%]) were all decannulated in the early postoperative period (<or=1 week). Of the 34 @entity1 , 24 (71%) recovered adequate oral intake (no longer requiring supplemental intravenous fluids or tube feeding) in the early postoperative period (before hospital discharge) (median time, 2 days; range, 1-7 days), with an additional 7 @entity1 (21%) achieving delayed recovery (2.7-9.8 months). Three @entity1 (9%) remained dependent on a feeding tube at last documented follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transoral endoscopic @entity544 laser excision of supraglottic @entity5 combined with postoperative radiotherapy appears feasible in a multi-institutional setting, with reasonable disease control. Although timing was variable, most @entity1 recovered adequate swallowing in the early postoperative period.

title: Transoral XXXX laser supraglottic laryngectomy and irradiation in stage I, II, and III squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: report of Southwest Oncology Group Phase 2 Trial S9709.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is the most important complication and the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity1007 is an important modifiable risk factor for @entity301 . Statins are the first line drugs for the treatment of @entity1007 in @entity3918 . Comparative studies between different statins are available but different doses of the same @entity6817 have not been compared in our population. The objective of this study is to compare mean reduction in serum @entity11429 level after using 5mg and 10mg of @entity8671 among @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1007 . This study will help finding lowest effective dose of @entity8671 to achieve internationally set low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) goals. METHODS: A total of 82 @entity1 with @entity6 having fasting @entity11429 levels equal or more than 100mg/dl were randomly allocated into two groups with 41 @entity1 in each group. Baseline fasting serum LCL-C levels were obtained in all @entity1 . Group A received 5mg while group B received 10mg of @entity8671 daily at night. After 6 weeks, fasting @entity11429 levels were obtained and analysed to compare the mean  SD reduction of @entity11429 levels in both groups. RESULTS: Baseline mean  SD @entity11429 levels in group A and group B were 134.12  30.02 and 143.49  32.01 respectively (p 0.176). Follow up mean  SD @entity11429 levels were 81.59  28.47 and 83.24  36.06respectively (p 0.818). Mean  SD reduction in @entity11429 levels from baseline levels in group A and group B were 52.51  19.49 and 60.20  24.09 (p 0.116). CONCLUSION: @entity8671 5mg is as effective as 10mg in reducing the @entity11429 levels in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1007 .

title: EFFICACY OF 5 MG AND 10 MG XXXX IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROALEMIA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8671 :: (MESH:C422923,Chemical) :: ['ROSUVASTATIN']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity2 screening using low-dose computed tomography (CT) has been reported to reduce @entity2 -specific mortality for smokers at high risk. However, despite different characteristics of @entity2 in Asia, there are few data concerning this specific population for screening. We aim to analyze the performance of @entity2 screening with low-dose CT concurrent with chest radiography in Taiwan, with reference to international experience. METHODS: During the 1-year period from January 2012 to December 2012, we conducted a retrospective, single-center population-based screening program for @entity2 in the setting of annual medical examinations. @entity1 were asymptomatic adults without prior history of any @entity5 . Low-dose CT and chest radiography were offered to all individuals. Baseline CT evaluations were defined as positive if any noncalcified nodule>= 4  mm in diameter, which were then classified as solid, pure ground-glass or partial ground-glass opacity. RESULTS: Of 3339 individuals, we detected 34 @entity5 , yielding an overall @entity5 detection rate of 1.02%. There was a particularly high @entity5 detection rate of 6.2% (8/129) in the high-risk group aged younger than 50  years with a positive family history of all types of @entity5 in first-degree relatives. @entity420 accounted for 88% (30/34) of @entity5 and 99% of them were early-stage (including @entity2735 and Stage I). The probability of @entity5 was significant higher in nodules with interval growth (odds ratio 257.89, p  =  0.0002). There was no significant difference in the probability of @entity5 between ground glass opacity nodules and solid nodules (odds ratio 1.16, p=0.72). Of all screen-detected @entity5 , 61.76% (21/34) were chest radiographically occult. CONCLUSION: Low-dose CT is effective to detect early @entity2 . Further establishment of selection criteria for @entity2 screening, specifically for Asian individuals, is definitely warranted.

title: XXXX screening with low-dose computed tomography: Experiences from a tertiary hospital in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Family members of @entity1355 workers are at increased risk of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). Although the hazard is established, the magnitude of the risk is uncertain, and it is unclear whether risk is also increased for other @entity5 . Few cohort studies have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The "Eternit" factory of Casale Monferrato (Italy), active from 1907 to 1986, was among the most important Italian plants producing @entity1355 -cement (AC) goods. In this article we present updated results on mortality and @entity3620 incidence in the wives of workers at the factory. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 1,780 @entity1 , each married to an AC worker during his employment at the factory but not personally occupationally exposed to @entity1355 . Cohort membership was defined starting from the marital status of each worker, which was ascertained in 1988 from the Registrar's Office in the town where workers lived. At the end of follow-up (April 2003), 67% of @entity1 were alive, 32.3% dead, and 0.7% lost to follow-up. Duration of exposure was computed from the husband's period of employment. Latency was the interval from first exposure to the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for @entity5 [21 observed vs. 1.2 expected; SMR = 18.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.14-27.52] was significantly increased. @entity2 was not increased (12 observed vs. 10.3 expected; SMR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.60-2.04). Eleven incident cases of pleural @entity3620 were observed (standardized incidence ratio = 25.19; 95% CI, 12.57-45.07). CONCLUSIONS: Household exposure, as experienced by these AC workers' wives, increases risk for pleural @entity3620 but not for @entity2 .

title: @entity5 mortality and incidence of mesothelioma in a cohort of wives of XXXX workers in Casale Monferrato, Italy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'pleural cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'Mortality for lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Family members of @entity1355 workers are at increased risk of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). Although the hazard is established, the magnitude of the risk is uncertain, and it is unclear whether risk is also increased for other @entity5 . Few cohort studies have been reported. OBJECTIVE: The "Eternit" factory of Casale Monferrato (Italy), active from 1907 to 1986, was among the most important Italian plants producing @entity1355 -cement (AC) goods. In this article we present updated results on mortality and @entity3620 incidence in the wives of workers at the factory. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 1,780 @entity1 , each married to an AC worker during his employment at the factory but not personally occupationally exposed to @entity1355 . Cohort membership was defined starting from the marital status of each worker, which was ascertained in 1988 from the Registrar's Office in the town where workers lived. At the end of follow-up (April 2003), 67% of @entity1 were alive, 32.3% dead, and 0.7% lost to follow-up. Duration of exposure was computed from the husband's period of employment. Latency was the interval from first exposure to the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for @entity5 [21 observed vs. 1.2 expected; SMR = 18.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 11.14-27.52] was significantly increased. @entity2 was not increased (12 observed vs. 10.3 expected; SMR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.60-2.04). Eleven incident cases of pleural @entity3620 were observed (standardized incidence ratio = 25.19; 95% CI, 12.57-45.07). CONCLUSIONS: Household exposure, as experienced by these AC workers' wives, increases risk for pleural @entity3620 but not for @entity2 .

title: XXXX mortality and incidence of mesothelioma in a cohort of wives of @entity1355 workers in Casale Monferrato, Italy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of the @entity1 may favour the appearance of complications. Taking into account the high morbimortality of the process, we believe that is convenient knowing main features of @entity298 in postoperatory in our surgical area. METHODS: We have retrospectively studied the radical cystectomies having @entity86 . Variables considered can be classified in four main categories: @entity1 physiology, operation, @entity298 and morbimortality. RESULTS: During considered time, 9 of 80 cystectomies showed complications related with @entity298 (11,25%). Except one @entity1 , 44-year-old, all others where 50-year-old or older males. 5 surgeries were curative and 4 palliative. 5 of the @entity298 appeared during first week. Initial mechanism was dehiscence, @entity39 or @entity101 (6.2 and 1 respectivelly). In 6 @entity1 , origin was ureteroileal anastomosis, 2 intestinal anastomosis and I cutaneous ureterostomy. 3 of 9 @entity1 died due to @entity298 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1320 during the immediate post operative period of radical cystectomy is high and, often, difficult to diagnose. In @entity1 subjected to this surgery as a palliative method, possibility of showing complications is higher. To correct this medical profile, early intervention is fundamental, determining @entity1 prognosis.

title: [Acute XXXX after radical cystectomy. Experience at our hospital and bibliographic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic classification approaches are commonly used in clinical practice to predict health outcomes. However, there has been limited focus on use of the general approach for predicting costs. We applied a grouping algorithm designed for large-scale data sets and multiple prognostic factors to investigate whether it improves cost prediction among older Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with @entity263 . METHODS: We analysed the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, which included data from 2000 through 2009 for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 between 2000 and 2007. We split the survival data into two data sets (D0 and D1) of equal size. We trained the classifier of the Grouping Algorithm for @entity5 Data (GACD) on D0 and tested it on D1. The prognostic factors included @entity5 stage, age, race and performance status proxies. We calculated the average difference between observed D1 costs and predicted D1 costs at 5  years post-diagnosis with and without the GACD. RESULTS: The sample included 110,843 @entity1 with @entity263 . The median age of the sample was 74  years, and 10  % were African American. The average difference (mean absolute error [MAE]) per @entity1 between the real and predicted total 5-year cost was US 41,525 (MAE US 41,790; 95  % confidence interval [CI] US 41,421-42,158) with the GACD and US 43,113 (MAE US 43,639; 95  % CI US 43,062-44,217) without the GACD. The 5-year cost prediction without grouping resulted in a sample overestimate of US 79,544,508. CONCLUSION: The grouping algorithm developed for complex, large-scale data improves the prediction of 5-year costs. The prediction accuracy could be improved by utilization of a richer set of prognostic factors and refinement of categorical specifications.

title: Cost Prediction Using a Survival Grouping Algorithm: An Application to Incident XXXX Cases.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incident prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although complement fixation is not commonly thought to be part of the pathogenesis of @entity785 ( @entity785 ), hypocomplementemia has been associated with @entity785 . We hypothesized that hypocomplementemia in @entity785 might indicate the presence of overlap disease. We investigated if @entity785 @entity1 with hypocomplementemia had more features of overlap disease than those with normal complement levels. METHODS: Study subjects consisted of those enrolled in the Canadian @entity2631 Research Group Registry. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: those with normal complement levels (normal C3 and C4) and those with hypocomplementemia (low C3 or C4). Evidence of overlap disease was defined as physician reports of other specific @entity627 . Autoantibodies were assayed. Differences in rates of concomitant diseases and in antibody profiles were compared between groups. RESULTS: Our study included 321 @entity1 (88% @entity1 , mean age 56 +/- 13 yrs, mean disease duration 11 +/- 9 yrs). Of these, 276 (86%) had normal complements and 45 (14%) had hypocomplementemia. @entity1 with hypocomplementemia were significantly more likely to have physician-reported inflammatory @entity5442 (27% vs 12%; p < 0.008) and @entity1333 (11% vs 2%; p < 0.011) than those with normal complement. There was also a trend toward more antichromatin antibodies (18% vs 9%; p = 0.051) in @entity1 with hypocomplementemia compared to normals. CONCLUSION: Hypocomplementemia may identify a particular subgroup of @entity785 @entity1 who have overlap disease.

title: Hypocomplementemia in XXXX --clinical and serological correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the impact, in terms of survival, of complete cytoreduction after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and @entity13198 ( @entity13198 ) in @entity1 with advanced @entity43 (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III-IV) by reviewing the recent literature. METHODS: A search of the PubMed database during the last 7  years (2008-2014) was carried out looking for studies specifically showing data on median survival or disease-free survival after complete cytoreduction after either @entity1104 or @entity13198 . RESULTS: We found 24 publications including 14,182 @entity1 with stages III to IV @entity43 . A total of 11871 @entity1 (83.7  %) underwent @entity1104 and 2311 (16.3  %) underwent interval debulking after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 4684 @entity1 (33  %) were considered completely resected with microscopic @entity66 . After @entity1104 , the weighted average of median overall and progression-free survival was 43 and 17  months, respectively, for the whole group. After @entity13198 , median and progression-free survival were 33 and 14  months. The rate of complete cytoreduction after @entity1104 was inferior to the obtained in @entity1 with @entity13198 (27 vs. 59  %). However, the median survival in @entity1 with complete cytoreduction with primary cytoreduction was 23  months longer than in the group with interval debulking (69 vs. 45  months). CONCLUSIONS: Complete cytoreduction after @entity13198 yields a inferior outcome in terms of median survival than @entity1104 of almost 2  years. Despite the higher rate of complete resection, @entity13198 apparently fails to improve the results obtained by primary debulking.

title: What Should We Expect After a Complete Cytoreduction at the Time of Interval or Primary Debulking Surgery in Advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['IDS', 'interval debulking surgery']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'primary debulking surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: The first aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity3251 in newborn @entity1 treated by the public health system in Porto Alegre, a city in southern Brazil, using neonatal screening for @entity3204 -specific IgM. The second aim was to investigate whether the cases detected by this approach could have been identified by the prenatal screening for antibodies to @entity3204 that was performed in the same population. A fluorometric assay was used to analyse @entity3204 -specific IgM in filter paper specimens obtained from newborn @entity1 for routine screening for @entity209 . When the specific IgM was positive, serum samples from the @entity1 and the mother were requested for confirmatory serological testing, and the @entity1 underwent clinical examination. Among 10 000 @entity1 screened for @entity3204 -specific IgM, seven filter paper samples were positive, and @entity3251 was confirmed in six @entity1 . The prevalence of IgM specific for @entity3204 was 6/10 000 [95% CI 2/10 000, 13/10 000]. One infected @entity1 had already been identified in the maternity ward before birth, three had been identified by maternal serology at delivery, and two @entity1 with @entity3251 were identified solely through neonatal screening. Although four mothers of the @entity1 with @entity3251 received prenatal care, and three mothers had one or two serological tests for T. gondii-specific antibodies (one at first trimester, one at first and second trimesters, and the other at second and third trimesters), they were not identified during pregnancy as infected. Neonatal screening identified cases of @entity281 not detected by obtaining only one or two serum samples from pregnant @entity1 for @entity3204 serology, mainly when @entity281 was acquired and transmitted in late pregnancy. Maternal serology at delivery and neonatal screening were especially useful in the identification of @entity1 with @entity3251 when the mother did not receive regular prenatal serological testing or prenatal care.

title: @entity3251 : late pregnancy XXXX detected by neonatal screening and maternal serological testing at delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The first aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity3251 in newborn @entity1 treated by the public health system in Porto Alegre, a city in southern Brazil, using neonatal screening for @entity3204 -specific IgM. The second aim was to investigate whether the cases detected by this approach could have been identified by the prenatal screening for antibodies to @entity3204 that was performed in the same population. A fluorometric assay was used to analyse @entity3204 -specific IgM in filter paper specimens obtained from newborn @entity1 for routine screening for @entity209 . When the specific IgM was positive, serum samples from the @entity1 and the mother were requested for confirmatory serological testing, and the @entity1 underwent clinical examination. Among 10 000 @entity1 screened for @entity3204 -specific IgM, seven filter paper samples were positive, and @entity3251 was confirmed in six @entity1 . The prevalence of IgM specific for @entity3204 was 6/10 000 [95% CI 2/10 000, 13/10 000]. One infected @entity1 had already been identified in the maternity ward before birth, three had been identified by maternal serology at delivery, and two @entity1 with @entity3251 were identified solely through neonatal screening. Although four mothers of the @entity1 with @entity3251 received prenatal care, and three mothers had one or two serological tests for T. gondii-specific antibodies (one at first trimester, one at first and second trimesters, and the other at second and third trimesters), they were not identified during pregnancy as infected. Neonatal screening identified cases of @entity281 not detected by obtaining only one or two serum samples from pregnant @entity1 for @entity3204 serology, mainly when @entity281 was acquired and transmitted in late pregnancy. Maternal serology at delivery and neonatal screening were especially useful in the identification of @entity1 with @entity3251 when the mother did not receive regular prenatal serological testing or prenatal care.

title: XXXX : late pregnancy @entity281 detected by neonatal screening and maternal serological testing at delivery.

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['Congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Young adult smokers are a challenging group to engage in smoking cessation interventions. With wide reach and engagement among users, Facebook offers opportunity to engage young @entity1 in socially supportive communities for quitting smoking and sustaining abstinence. OBJECTIVE: We developed and tested initial efficacy, engagement, and acceptability of the @entity286 Status Project, a smoking cessation intervention for young adults delivered within Facebook. METHODS: The intervention was based on the US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Transtheoretical Model and enrolled @entity1 into study-run 3-month secret Facebook groups matched on readiness to quit smoking. Cigarette smokers (N=79) aged 18-25, who used Facebook on most days, were recruited via Facebook. All @entity1 received the intervention and were randomized to one of three monetary incentive groups tied to engagement (commenting in groups). Assessments were completed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Analyses examined retention, smoking outcomes over 12 months (7-day point prevalence abstinence, >= 50% reduction in cigarettes smoked, quit attempts and strategies used, readiness to quit), engagement, and satisfaction with the intervention. RESULTS: Retention was 82% (65/79) at 6 months and 72% (57/79) at 12 months. From baseline to 12-months follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion prepared to quit (10/79, 13%; 36/79, 46%, P<.001). Over a third (28/79, 35%) reduced their cigarette consumption by 50% or greater, and 66% (52/79) made at least one 24-hour quit attempt during the study. In an intent-to-treat analysis, 13% (10/79) self-reported 7-day abstinence (6/79, 8% verified biochemically) at 12-months follow-up. In their quit attempts, 11% (9/79) used a @entity1239 replacement therapy approved by the Food and Drug Administration, while 18% (14/79) used an electronic @entity1239 delivery system to quit (eg, electronic cigarette). A majority (48/79, 61%) commented on at least one Facebook post, with more commenting among those with biochemically verified abstinence at 3 months (P=.036) and those randomized to receive a personal monetary incentive (P=.015). Over a third of @entity1 (28/79, 35%) reported reading most or all of the Facebook posts. Highest acceptability ratings of the intervention were for post ease (57/79, 72%) and thinking about what they read (52/79, 66%); 71% (56/79) recommended the program to others. Only 5 @entity1 attended the optional cognitive-behavioral counseling sessions, though their attendance was high (6/7 sessions overall) and the sessions were rated as easy to understand, useful, and helpful (all 90-100% agreed). CONCLUSIONS: A Facebook quit smoking intervention is attractive and feasible to deliver, and early efficacy data are encouraging. However, the 1.5-fold greater use of electronic cigarettes over @entity1239 replacement products for quitting is concerning.

title: Feasibility and Quit Rates of the XXXX Status Project: A Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention for Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic anterior release has been shown that it can effectively improve spinal flexibility in animal and @entity1 cadaveric studies, and has been advocated for use in @entity1 with @entity1635 . This prospective case series aims to investigate the improvement of the spinal flexibility and the effectiveness in deformity correction by anterior thoracoscopic release and posterior spinal fusion. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with stiff @entity1514 underwent anterior thoracoscopic release followed by posterior instrumentation. The average number of discs excised was five. Spinal flexibility was assessed by the fulcrum bending technique. Cobb angle before and after the anterior release was compared. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed for an average of 5.6 years (range 2.2 to 8.1 years). Fulcrum bending flexibility was increased from 39% before the thoracoscopic anterior spinal release to 54% after the release. The average Cobb angle before anterior release was 74 degrees on the standing radiograph and 45 degrees with the fulcrum-bending radiograph. This reduced to 34 degrees on the fulcrum-bending radiograph after the release, and highly corresponded to the 31 degrees measured at the post-operative standing radiograph. CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated in @entity1 with stiff @entity1514 that thoracoscopic anterior spinal release can effectively improve the spinal flexibility and increase the correction of the @entity85 .

title: Treatment of stiff XXXX by thoracoscopic anterior release combined with posterior instrumentation and fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Efforts to gather genomic evidence for the processes of gene evolution are ongoing, and are closely coupled to improved gene annotation methods. Such annotation is complicated by the occurrence of disrupted mRNAs (dmRNAs), harbouring frameshifts and premature stop codons, which can be considered indicators of decay into pseudogenes. RESULTS: We have derived a procedure to annotate dmRNAs, and have applied it to @entity1 data. Subsequences are generated from parsing at key frame-disruption positions and are required to align significantly within any original protein homology. We find 419 high-quality @entity1 dmRNAs (3% of total). Significant dmRNA subpopulations include: @entity219 -finger-containing transcription factors with long disrupted exons, and antisense homologies to distal genes. We analysed the distribution of initial frame disruptions in dmRNAs with respect to positions of: (i) protein domains, (ii) alternatively-spliced exons, and (iii) regions susceptible to @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ). We find significant avoidance of protein-domain disruption (indicating a selection pressure for this), and highly significant overrepresentation of disruptions in alternatively-spliced exons, and 'non- @entity1547 ' regions. We do not find any evidence for evolution of novelty in protein structures through frameshifting. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate largely negative selection pressures related to frame disruption during gene evolution.

title: Frame disruptions in XXXX mRNA transcripts, and their relationship with splicing and protein structures.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['nonsense-mediated decay', 'NMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy often fail to develop robust responses to influenza vaccination. Compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine ( @entity168 ), @entity683 ( @entity2033 ) has shown improved immunogenicity and protection against @entity683 in adults 65 years and older. This study compared the immunogenicity and tolerability of @entity2033 to @entity168 in adults younger than 65 years of age receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: This double-blind study randomized @entity1 receiving chemotherapy to vaccination with either @entity168 or @entity2033 influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI) were performed prior to and 4 weeks after vaccination. HAI were summarized as geometric mean titers (GMT), seroconversion rates, and seroprotection rates. RESULTS: A total of 105 subjects were enrolled in the trial (51 received @entity168 and 54 received @entity2033 ). Subjects were well matched for demographic and medical conditions. Both vaccines were well tolerated with no SAEs. Of the 100 subjects with evaluable data, seroconversion rates for all 3 influenza antigens _ post-vaccination GMTs for H3N2 _ B strains were significantly improved with @entity2033 compared to @entity168 . Seroprotection was excellent and equivalent in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Trivalent @entity683 can be safely administered to @entity1 receiving chemotherapy with improved immunogenicity and seroconversion compared to standard-dose vaccine. Post-vaccination seroprotection rates were similar in both groups. A larger study is needed to show clinical benefits with @entity2033 in this population. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01666782.

title: Improved immunogenicity of XXXX compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine in adult oncology @entity1 younger than 65 years receiving chemotherapy: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza illness', 'high-dose influenza vaccine']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['high-dose influenza vaccine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy often fail to develop robust responses to influenza vaccination. Compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine ( @entity168 ), @entity683 ( @entity2033 ) has shown improved immunogenicity and protection against @entity683 in adults 65 years and older. This study compared the immunogenicity and tolerability of @entity2033 to @entity168 in adults younger than 65 years of age receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: This double-blind study randomized @entity1 receiving chemotherapy to vaccination with either @entity168 or @entity2033 influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI) were performed prior to and 4 weeks after vaccination. HAI were summarized as geometric mean titers (GMT), seroconversion rates, and seroprotection rates. RESULTS: A total of 105 subjects were enrolled in the trial (51 received @entity168 and 54 received @entity2033 ). Subjects were well matched for demographic and medical conditions. Both vaccines were well tolerated with no SAEs. Of the 100 subjects with evaluable data, seroconversion rates for all 3 influenza antigens _ post-vaccination GMTs for H3N2 _ B strains were significantly improved with @entity2033 compared to @entity168 . Seroprotection was excellent and equivalent in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Trivalent @entity683 can be safely administered to @entity1 receiving chemotherapy with improved immunogenicity and seroconversion compared to standard-dose vaccine. Post-vaccination seroprotection rates were similar in both groups. A larger study is needed to show clinical benefits with @entity2033 in this population. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01666782.

title: Improved immunogenicity of @entity683 compared to standard-dose influenza vaccine in adult oncology XXXX younger than 65 years receiving chemotherapy: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In Italy, each year 500000 couples refer to specialized centers due to reproductive problems. Among them, recurrent @entity393 (RPL) represents a problem of great importance, given that it affects up to 5% of @entity1 of childbearing age. Infertility, on the other hand, is a condition that currently covers 10-20% of couples of reproductive age, being idiopathic in 20% of cases. Accumulating evidence support the concept that changes of @entity1003 , generically defined as the presence of a thrombophilic state (congenital or acquired), are the basis of 40-70% of cases of multiple abortions or @entity249 . Several evidences support the hypothesis that @entity409 , a hallmark of a condition of low-grade @entity32 , is one of the earliest manifestations of @entity715 phenomena. To date, it's believed that, while the antiinflammatory Th2 cytokines (i.e. @entity688 ) can exert a protective role in pregnancy, the pro-inflammatory @entity1198 ones (i.e. interferon-y, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a,) have deleterious effects on pregnancy outcome, including fertilization and implantation failure. Moreover, development of many pregnancy complications, first and foremost @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), recognizes similar mechanism(s). As @entity1211 is the main preventable cause of mortality during pregnancy, thromboprophylaxis is mandatory according to individual @entity1211 risk, influenced by the presence of thrombophilic conditions. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between @entity49 and pregnancy complications, with particular focus on the role of @entity32 . Subsequently, we will consider some issues related to the @entity1031 risk in pregnancy. Finally, the role of thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy will be discussed.

title: @entity32 and XXXX in Pregnancy Complications: Implications for Risk Assessment and Clinical Management.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['Thrombophilia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In Italy, each year 500000 couples refer to specialized centers due to reproductive problems. Among them, recurrent @entity393 (RPL) represents a problem of great importance, given that it affects up to 5% of @entity1 of childbearing age. Infertility, on the other hand, is a condition that currently covers 10-20% of couples of reproductive age, being idiopathic in 20% of cases. Accumulating evidence support the concept that changes of @entity1003 , generically defined as the presence of a thrombophilic state (congenital or acquired), are the basis of 40-70% of cases of multiple abortions or @entity249 . Several evidences support the hypothesis that @entity409 , a hallmark of a condition of low-grade @entity32 , is one of the earliest manifestations of @entity715 phenomena. To date, it's believed that, while the antiinflammatory Th2 cytokines (i.e. @entity688 ) can exert a protective role in pregnancy, the pro-inflammatory @entity1198 ones (i.e. interferon-y, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a,) have deleterious effects on pregnancy outcome, including fertilization and implantation failure. Moreover, development of many pregnancy complications, first and foremost @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ), recognizes similar mechanism(s). As @entity1211 is the main preventable cause of mortality during pregnancy, thromboprophylaxis is mandatory according to individual @entity1211 risk, influenced by the presence of thrombophilic conditions. In this review, we will analyze the relationship between @entity49 and pregnancy complications, with particular focus on the role of @entity32 . Subsequently, we will consider some issues related to the @entity1031 risk in pregnancy. Finally, the role of thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy will be discussed.

title: XXXX and @entity49 in Pregnancy Complications: Implications for Risk Assessment and Clinical Management.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preoccupation with perceived bodily odor has been described in @entity146 for more than a century; however, @entity4838 (ORS) is scarce. This study investigated the phenomenology of ORS in a broadly ascertained, diverse sample. METHOD: Data were obtained from 253 subjects in an internet-based survey that operated from January - March 2010. Measures included the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for ORS (ORS-YBOCS), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), @entity308 Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), and symptom specific questionnaires developed for this study. RESULTS: Individuals reported, on average, moderately severe ORS symptoms. The average age of onset of ORS symptoms was 21.1years, with 54% reporting a chronic, unremitting course. Individuals endorsed a lifetime average of two malodorous preoccupations, most commonly stool, garbage, and @entity3265 . Odors were most often reported to emanate from the armpits, feet, and breasts. Nearly all @entity1 engaged in time-consuming rituals to try to hide or fix their perceived malodor (e.g., checking and camouflaging). Eighteen percent reported poor or delusional insight and 64.0% reported ideas or delusions of reference. More severe ORS symptoms were moderately associated with female gender, poorer insight, and higher levels of impairment (in work, social leisure, ability to maintain close relationships, and consecutive days housebound). CONCLUSION: This is the largest study on ORS to date. Results underscore the clinical significance and psychosocial impact of this understudied disorder, and highlight the need for subsequent research to examine clinical features and inform treatment.

title: Clinical features of XXXX : An internet-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['empirical research on olfactory reference syndrome']

answer: @entity4838 :: (MESH:D000857,Disease) :: ['olfactory reference syndrome']


abstract: Childhood onset @entity1491 is uncommon. In addition to occurring in @entity1 with @entity4068 , @entity28061 , @entity1491 , nevus sebaceus, radiotherapy-treated @entity5 , solid organ transplants, and @entity2173 , childhood onset @entity1491 has also occurred, albeit less commonly, de novo. We describe a @entity1 with @entity1491 . Previously published @entity1 with de novo @entity1491 were collected from computerized medical literature search (PubMed) and citations from earlier reports. To our knowledge, childhood onset @entity1491 has been observed in a total of 107 @entity1 , including our @entity1 . @entity5 were most commonly located on the head (90%). The @entity5 are most frequently nodular in appearance (52%) and in histology (at least 17%); however, @entity146 histologic variants were observed in 20% of @entity5 . @entity1491 in @entity1 may be associated with prior sun exposure. The most common treatment is excision, with or without using the Mohs technique. However, 15 of 85 @entity1 , nearly 20%, developed recurrent @entity5 during a follow-up period ranging from 4 months to 20 years.

title: XXXX in childhood: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity28061 :: ('MESH:C537663', 'Disease') :: ['Bazex syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2173 :: ('MESH:D014983', 'Disease') :: ['xeroderma pigmentosum']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic childhood onset basal cell carcinoma', 'idiopathic basal cell carcinoma', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'basal cell carcinoma nevus syndrome', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Classification is not a trivial matter. In Burmese Days, George Orwell writes, "It is devilish to suffer from a @entity158 that is all but nameless. Blessed are they who are stricken only with classifiable diseases! Blessed are the poor, the sick, the crossed in love, for at least other @entity1 know what is the matter with them and will listen to their belly-achings with sympathy." @entity1 who have @entity2531 are particularly susceptible to this Orwellian lamentation. They are afflicted by symptoms that defy simple explanations. As detailed in this article, there is a spectrum of medical and psychiatric factors that can cause or contribute to somatic symptom burden. Research is continuing to reveal the central mechanisms that may provide a common pathway for physical and psychologic symptoms. The dualism that places some somatic symptom disorders on @entity2270 and others on @entity2270 III gradually may fade in the coming decades as what the unifying causes are among common symptoms and the multicausal nature of many symptoms are discovered. Meanwhile, the classification systems should continue to operate on pragmatic principles where mechanistic explanations are lacking. This will allow grouping @entity1 into categories that inform research, scientific and @entity1 communication, prognostication, and clinical management. Coupling a heuristic classification system with evidence-based measures for assessing severity and monitoring treatment outcomes are important steps in the optimal care of symptomatic @entity1 .

title: XXXX and recent diagnostic controversies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform disorders']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['Somatoform disorders']