abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonatal inspiratory stridor is an important examination finding that requires immediate and adequate evaluation of the underlying etiology. Depending on the severity of the @entity1224 or absence of associated symptoms such as @entity649 and feeding problems, early initiation of a complete diagnostic workup can be crucial. The most common cause of neonatal inspiratory stridor is @entity12203 , however, several differential diagnoses need to be investigated. More rare causes include oral or laryngeal masses. @entity44 of the head and neck region are one of the most unusual causes of @entity649 during the neonatal period. We present a case of a mature @entity44 in the oropharynx presenting with @entity1224 in a newborn @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A four-day-old female Caucasian @entity1 was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital because of inspiratory stridor and profound desaturations while feeding. Diagnostic workup by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and flexible endoscopy revealed a pediculated lesion in the pharyngeal region causing intermittent complete @entity1224 . The mass was surgically removed by transoral laser resection on the seventh day of life. Histological evaluation was consistent with a mature @entity44 without any signs of @entity5 . The further hospital course was uneventful, routine follow-up examinations at 3, 6 and 9  months of age showed no evidence of @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Neonatal stridor is a frequent symptom in the neonatal period and is mostly caused by non-life-threatening pathologies. On rare occasions, however, the underlying conditions are more critical. A careful stepwise diagnostic investigation to rule out these conditions, to identify rare causes and to initiate early treatment is therefore warranted.

title: An unusual cause of inspiratory stridor in the newborn: congenital pharyngeal XXXX - a case report.

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'Teratomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity12203 :: ('MESH:D055092', 'Disease') :: ['laryngomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction and the presence', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: This study analyzed neuronal encoding and response thresholds to thermal stimuli at the ventro-basal (V.B.) thalamus level during a hyperalgesic @entity32 induced by intra-plantar injection of carrageenin in the @entity35 . The threshold and the encoding capacity of the cells were studied during two phases of the inflammatory process, namely the "acute" phase (the first two hours following the injection), and "sub-acute" phase 24 h after). In this second phase the @entity1931 was verified using a behavioral nociceptive test, just prior to the recording session. Only VB neurones with a receptive field that included the injected paw were considered. In the acute phase, neurones exclusively driven by noxious stimuli were studied before and during the first two hours following the induction of the @entity4 . In the sub-acute phase two groups of neurones which, on the basis of our previous studies, were presumably involved in the transmission of messages giving rise to the @entity1931 could be separated: a group of neurones which were driven by intense mechanical stimuli and another group driven by moderate mechanical stimulation applied to the inflamed joints and/or the surrounding cutaneous areas. In the "acute" phase there was a dramatic lowering (by about 4 degrees C) of the response threshold of the neurones when the thermal stimulus was applied to the injected paw, although their threshold to the mechanical stimulus was still high. A linear encoding of the bath temperature used as a stimulus was observed for both the injected and the non-injected paws. For a few neurones, a leftward shift of the stimulus-response curve was found for the inflamed limb. In the "sub-acute" phase, neurones with high thresholds to the mechanical indentations still exhibited a low response threshold to the thermal stimulation, not only from the injected but also from the non-injected paw. The other group of neurones responded with relatively low thresholds to the both stimulus modalities. By contrast to the acute phase, the two groups of neurones exhibited only a weak ability to encode the stimulus intensity especially when the stimulus was applied to the inflamed paw. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are likely to be involved in the modifications of response threshold and encoding capacity at the VB thalamus level seen in these conditions of hyperalgesic @entity32 . The differential time course of the responses to a liminal or to a supra-liminal temperature during the @entity32 , are discussed in reference to some of the mismatches occurring in clinical situations of @entity1931 .

title: Neuronal response thresholds to and encoding of thermal stimuli during carrageenin- XXXX in the ventro-basal thalamus of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory oedema']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesic-inflammation']


abstract: This study analyzed neuronal encoding and response thresholds to thermal stimuli at the ventro-basal (V.B.) thalamus level during a hyperalgesic @entity32 induced by intra-plantar injection of carrageenin in the @entity35 . The threshold and the encoding capacity of the cells were studied during two phases of the inflammatory process, namely the "acute" phase (the first two hours following the injection), and "sub-acute" phase 24 h after). In this second phase the @entity1931 was verified using a behavioral nociceptive test, just prior to the recording session. Only VB neurones with a receptive field that included the injected paw were considered. In the acute phase, neurones exclusively driven by noxious stimuli were studied before and during the first two hours following the induction of the @entity4 . In the sub-acute phase two groups of neurones which, on the basis of our previous studies, were presumably involved in the transmission of messages giving rise to the @entity1931 could be separated: a group of neurones which were driven by intense mechanical stimuli and another group driven by moderate mechanical stimulation applied to the inflamed joints and/or the surrounding cutaneous areas. In the "acute" phase there was a dramatic lowering (by about 4 degrees C) of the response threshold of the neurones when the thermal stimulus was applied to the injected paw, although their threshold to the mechanical stimulus was still high. A linear encoding of the bath temperature used as a stimulus was observed for both the injected and the non-injected paws. For a few neurones, a leftward shift of the stimulus-response curve was found for the inflamed limb. In the "sub-acute" phase, neurones with high thresholds to the mechanical indentations still exhibited a low response threshold to the thermal stimulation, not only from the injected but also from the non-injected paw. The other group of neurones responded with relatively low thresholds to the both stimulus modalities. By contrast to the acute phase, the two groups of neurones exhibited only a weak ability to encode the stimulus intensity especially when the stimulus was applied to the inflamed paw. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are likely to be involved in the modifications of response threshold and encoding capacity at the VB thalamus level seen in these conditions of hyperalgesic @entity32 . The differential time course of the responses to a liminal or to a supra-liminal temperature during the @entity32 , are discussed in reference to some of the mismatches occurring in clinical situations of @entity1931 .

title: Neuronal response thresholds to and encoding of thermal stimuli during carrageenin- @entity32 in the ventro-basal thalamus of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of bronchial lavage @entity986 promoter methylation and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases of PubMed, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were electronically searched by two reviewers to find the suitable studies related to the association between @entity986 Apromoter methylation and @entity2 . The @entity986 Apromoter methylation rate was extracted from each included individual study. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic ROC curve of bronchial lavage @entity986 Aas a biomarker for diagnosis of @entity2 were pooled by stata11.0 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). RESULTS: At last, 10 publications were included in this meta-analysis. Of the included 10 studies, five are published in English with relatively high quality and other five papers published in Chinese have relatively low quality. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of bronchial lavage @entity986 Apromoter methylation for @entity2 diagnosis were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.65) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85), respectively, with random effect model. The ROC curve were calculated and drawn according to Bayes' theorem by stata11.0 software. The systematic area under the ROC was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68-0.76), which indicated that the diagnostic value of bronchial lavage @entity986 Apromoter methylation for @entity2 was relatively high. Moreover, no significant publication bias was existed in this meta-analysis (t = 0.69, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bronchial lavage @entity986 promoter methylation can be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Bronchial lavage P(16INK4A)gene promoter methylation and XXXX diagnosis: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied heart-rate (HR) changes at the transition from the preictal to the ictal state in @entity1 with @entity1625 to gain some insight into the mechanisms involved in the neuronal regulation of cardiovascular function. METHODS: We assessed ECG changes during 145 @entity410 recorded with scalp EEG in 58 @entity1 who underwent video-EEG monitoring. Consecutive RR intervals were analyzed with a newly developed mathematical method for a total of 90 s. RESULTS: Ictal-onset @entity591 occurred in 86.9% of all @entity410 , whereas @entity1168 was documented only in 1.4%. The incidence as well as the amount of ictal HR increase was significantly more pronounced in @entity1 with mesial @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) as compared with those with non-lesional @entity1315 or @entity302 . Moreover, right hemispheric @entity410 were associated with ictal-onset @entity591 . On average, ictal HR increase preceded EEG @entity410 onset by 13.7 s in @entity1315 @entity1 and 8.2 s in @entity1 with @entity302 . This difference was significant. Ictal HR changes could be classified according to their temporal evolution into two different patterns. These two patterns differed significantly between the temporal lobe and the @entity302 @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity302 directly influence areas of the central autonomic network, thus regulating HR and rhythm. Such changes occur before ictal discharges appear on surface electrodes. Our newly developed method may be of potential use for clinical applications such as @entity410 systems. Moreover, our method might help to clarify further the basic mechanisms of interactions between heart and brain.

title: Electrocardiographic changes at the onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'automatic seizure-detection']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal epilepsy', 'Epileptic discharges']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28772 ( @entity28772 ) is a @entity395 that is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue growth mainly at the neck, abdominal wall, back, shoulder girdle, and arms. A suggested mechanism for accumulation of adipose tissue is a defect in the lipolytic pathway of fat cell. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, morphologic, and biochemical findings in Korean @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 32 @entity1 with @entity28772 were evaluated retrospectively. Ten @entity1 were seen at our hospital. The remaining 22 @entity1 from literature were reviewed. Biochemical analyses and neurologic studies were performed. RESULTS: All cases were a sporadic form of @entity28772 . The age of onset ranged from 26 to 70 years (mean of 49.4 years). The male-to-female ratio was 31:1. All but two @entity1 were alcoholics with a daily intake of more than 80 g of @entity167 for at least 10 years. In metabolic studies of 17 @entity1 , a @entity6340 or IV @entity5522 was found in three @entity1 . High-density lipoprotein @entity165 values were higher in three @entity1 . A @entity413 tolerance test was abnormal in five @entity1 . A high prevalence of @entity16 was observed. Clinical signs of @entity1897 were present in 11 of 13 @entity1 . Central nervous system involvement was found clinically in 3 of 13 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The surgical removal of the fatty tissue and abstinence from @entity167 are essential for relieving the @entity1 from functional impairment. Not only metabolic studies of @entity14822 but also a complete neurologic examination were required in order to improve the quality of life in @entity28772 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : Korean experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28772 :: ('MESH:D008069', 'Disease') :: ['MSL', 'Multiple symmetric lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['Fredrickson type IIb']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28772 :: (MESH:D008069,Disease) :: ['Multiple symmetric lipomatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Currently, comprehensive genetic testing of @entity5 requires multiple testing strategies with high costs. Somatic mutations can be detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) but copy number variants (CNVs) require cytogenetic methods including karyotyping, fluorescence in  situ hybidization and microarray. Here, we evaluated a new method for @entity471 detection using read depth data derived from a targeted NGS mutation panel. In a cohort of 270 samples, we detected pathogenic mutations in 208 samples and targeted CNVs in 68 cases. The most frequent CNVs were 7q deletion including @entity72622 and @entity16719 , @entity876 deletion, @entity9604 deletion, gain of @entity18258 on 8q, and 5q deletion, including @entity14538 and @entity8102 . We were also able to detect exon-level duplications, including so-called @entity11626 ( @entity11626 ) partial tandem duplication, in 9 cases. In the 63 cases that were negative for mutations, targeted CNVs were observed in 4 cases. Targeted @entity471 detection by NGS had very high concordance with single nucleotide polymorphism microarray, the current gold standard. We found that @entity9604 deletion was strongly associated with @entity876 alterations and 7q deletion was associated with mutations in @entity876 , @entity984 and @entity818 . This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of using the same NGS data to simultaneously detect both somatic mutations and targeted CNVs.

title: Concurrent detection of targeted copy number variants and mutations using a XXXX next generation sequencing panel allows comprehensive genetic analysis using a single testing strategy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloid malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1744 has no observable symptom markers and there is little that the medical profession can do to help sufferers. Psychotherapy, antidepressants and drugs aimed at the most problematic symptoms have been shown to have limited efficacy. In an attempt to help understand the illness better, and to suggest alternative forms of intervention, the study tested whether outcome might be influenced by @entity1 ' representation of their illness and by their coping strategies. METHOD: All members of the @entity1744 Network (an independent charitable support network based in the UK) were invited to participate via their quarterly newsletter, and 209 completed questionnaires were returned. @entity1 completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), the @entity5786 , and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), and rated their quality of life and their satisfaction with their health. RESULTS: The reporting of serious consequences was associated with lower quality of life and lower satisfaction with health, and with higher scores for @entity148 and @entity308 (p <.001). Weaker control beliefs were related to lower quality of life, lower satisfaction with health, and higher @entity308 scores (p <.01). Lower illness scores were associated with more satisfaction with health (p <.01), but not with quality of life (p >.05). Psychological causal attribution of @entity1744 was positively correlated with @entity148 (p <.001) and @entity308 (p <.01). Path analyses based on multiple linear regression demonstrated that (1) the reporting of serious consequences was a strong independent predictor of outcome; (2) coping mediated the link between representation and outcome; and (3) when predicting @entity308 , coping strategies predicted coping independently of representation dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the illness representations of @entity1744 sufferers can have significant implications for outcome. Therapeutic interventions based on illness representations may prove useful for treatment.

title: Illness representation, coping and outcome in XXXX ( @entity1744 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1744 has no observable symptom markers and there is little that the medical profession can do to help sufferers. Psychotherapy, antidepressants and drugs aimed at the most problematic symptoms have been shown to have limited efficacy. In an attempt to help understand the illness better, and to suggest alternative forms of intervention, the study tested whether outcome might be influenced by @entity1 ' representation of their illness and by their coping strategies. METHOD: All members of the @entity1744 Network (an independent charitable support network based in the UK) were invited to participate via their quarterly newsletter, and 209 completed questionnaires were returned. @entity1 completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), the @entity5786 , and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), and rated their quality of life and their satisfaction with their health. RESULTS: The reporting of serious consequences was associated with lower quality of life and lower satisfaction with health, and with higher scores for @entity148 and @entity308 (p <.001). Weaker control beliefs were related to lower quality of life, lower satisfaction with health, and higher @entity308 scores (p <.01). Lower illness scores were associated with more satisfaction with health (p <.01), but not with quality of life (p >.05). Psychological causal attribution of @entity1744 was positively correlated with @entity148 (p <.001) and @entity308 (p <.01). Path analyses based on multiple linear regression demonstrated that (1) the reporting of serious consequences was a strong independent predictor of outcome; (2) coping mediated the link between representation and outcome; and (3) when predicting @entity308 , coping strategies predicted coping independently of representation dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the illness representations of @entity1744 sufferers can have significant implications for outcome. Therapeutic interventions based on illness representations may prove useful for treatment.

title: Illness representation, coping and outcome in @entity1744 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['IBS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinicians switch from one @entity935 agonist to another for various reasons. However, each change may inadvertently result in certain potential risks such as decreased medication efficacy or new side-effects. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the tolerability of a switch of @entity2847 to @entity23150 using two conversion ratios as a primary outcome measure, with motor function as a secondary outcome measure, in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 (Hoehn and Yahr, stage II-III) on treatment with stable doses of @entity2847 and levodopa were randomized to two groups of 10 @entity1 each, to receive @entity23150 based on 1:5 or 1:10 conversion ratios. Blinded evaluations were performed: 1) @entity304 's Diseased Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores both in 'on' and 'off', 2) Open-ended interviews for adverse events, 3) Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 4) Purdue Pegboard assessment during 'on' and 'off', 5) Hand-arm movement test during 'on' and 'off', and 6) Walking test during 'on' and 'off'. RESULTS: Major adverse events included ' @entity25 ' in one @entity1 and minor side-effects included giddiness, @entity390 , @entity1833 , sleepiness and lethargy. However, these were mild and 19 (95%) of the 20 @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant improvement in both the UPDRS 'off' total and motor scores at 1 month compared with baseline for the group on 1:10 ratio. The walking times during the 'off' state at 1 and 2 months were significantly better compared with baseline in the 1:5 group. There were otherwise no significant differences in the rating tests during both 'off' and 'on' states before and after the @entity2847 switch. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 who were on relatively low doses of @entity2847 can be safely switched to @entity23150 based on a conversion ratio of either 1:5 or 1:10. However, the higher conversion ratio has to be carried out with caution in @entity1 with daytime somnolence.

title: @entity23150 and XXXX in @entity191 : a single-blind crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['United Parkinson']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep attacks']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['piribedil']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinicians switch from one @entity935 agonist to another for various reasons. However, each change may inadvertently result in certain potential risks such as decreased medication efficacy or new side-effects. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the tolerability of a switch of @entity2847 to @entity23150 using two conversion ratios as a primary outcome measure, with motor function as a secondary outcome measure, in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 (Hoehn and Yahr, stage II-III) on treatment with stable doses of @entity2847 and levodopa were randomized to two groups of 10 @entity1 each, to receive @entity23150 based on 1:5 or 1:10 conversion ratios. Blinded evaluations were performed: 1) @entity304 's Diseased Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores both in 'on' and 'off', 2) Open-ended interviews for adverse events, 3) Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 4) Purdue Pegboard assessment during 'on' and 'off', 5) Hand-arm movement test during 'on' and 'off', and 6) Walking test during 'on' and 'off'. RESULTS: Major adverse events included ' @entity25 ' in one @entity1 and minor side-effects included giddiness, @entity390 , @entity1833 , sleepiness and lethargy. However, these were mild and 19 (95%) of the 20 @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant improvement in both the UPDRS 'off' total and motor scores at 1 month compared with baseline for the group on 1:10 ratio. The walking times during the 'off' state at 1 and 2 months were significantly better compared with baseline in the 1:5 group. There were otherwise no significant differences in the rating tests during both 'off' and 'on' states before and after the @entity2847 switch. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 who were on relatively low doses of @entity2847 can be safely switched to @entity23150 based on a conversion ratio of either 1:5 or 1:10. However, the higher conversion ratio has to be carried out with caution in @entity1 with daytime somnolence.

title: XXXX and @entity2847 in @entity191 : a single-blind crossover study.

answer: @entity23150 :: (MESH:D010891,Chemical) :: ['Piribedil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinicians switch from one @entity935 agonist to another for various reasons. However, each change may inadvertently result in certain potential risks such as decreased medication efficacy or new side-effects. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the tolerability of a switch of @entity2847 to @entity23150 using two conversion ratios as a primary outcome measure, with motor function as a secondary outcome measure, in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 (Hoehn and Yahr, stage II-III) on treatment with stable doses of @entity2847 and levodopa were randomized to two groups of 10 @entity1 each, to receive @entity23150 based on 1:5 or 1:10 conversion ratios. Blinded evaluations were performed: 1) @entity304 's Diseased Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores both in 'on' and 'off', 2) Open-ended interviews for adverse events, 3) Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 4) Purdue Pegboard assessment during 'on' and 'off', 5) Hand-arm movement test during 'on' and 'off', and 6) Walking test during 'on' and 'off'. RESULTS: Major adverse events included ' @entity25 ' in one @entity1 and minor side-effects included giddiness, @entity390 , @entity1833 , sleepiness and lethargy. However, these were mild and 19 (95%) of the 20 @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant improvement in both the UPDRS 'off' total and motor scores at 1 month compared with baseline for the group on 1:10 ratio. The walking times during the 'off' state at 1 and 2 months were significantly better compared with baseline in the 1:5 group. There were otherwise no significant differences in the rating tests during both 'off' and 'on' states before and after the @entity2847 switch. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 who were on relatively low doses of @entity2847 can be safely switched to @entity23150 based on a conversion ratio of either 1:5 or 1:10. However, the higher conversion ratio has to be carried out with caution in @entity1 with daytime somnolence.

title: @entity23150 and @entity2847 in XXXX : a single-blind crossover study.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Onychocryptosis, commonly referred to as @entity14602 , has many therapeutic alternatives for its management. Although mild cases can be treated conservatively, in severe cases, surgical treatment is preferred. @entity1346 gel sheeting is found to be effective in the treatment of @entity2805 and keloids. OBJECTIVE: To document the effectiveness of @entity1346 gel sheeting in the management of @entity1 with onychocryptosis and in the prevention of the recurrences by breaking the devil's circle, which usually took place after the surgical procedures used in the treatment of the onychocryptosis. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Entry criteria required the presence of slight (2 @entity1 ), moderate (2 @entity1 ), or severe (10 @entity1 ) onychocryptosis. The simple technique used in the study was the excision of the one-quarter part of the lesional side of the nail plate without excising the granulation tissue. After 24 hours, the @entity1346 was placed on the granulation tissue and the exposed nail bed. @entity1346 gel sheet was bandaged loosely without applying any pressure. @entity1 entering the study were given detailed instructions in applying and using the gel for 12 hours during the daytime. The study lasted for 14 months and was composed of a treatment period of 4 months and a follow-up period of 10 months. The @entity1 were evaluated every 2 weeks in the first month and then monthly. The change in thickness of granulation tissue was evaluated by comparing them with the baseline photographs and those taken at each visit. RESULTS: The management and prevention of onychocryptosis were achieved in 12 of 14 @entity1 (85.71%). The @entity1346 gel sheeting treatment was well tolerated except for an occasional transient exudation, which was resolved when the treatment was withdrawn. CONCLUSION: The results show that the new method that we used for the treatment of onychocryptosis is successful in reducing the thickness of the @entity1184 nail fold and prevents the recurrence of the condition during the regrowth of the nail plate by breaking the devil's circle. The advantage of this method is that it is not destructive to the nail matrix and the adjacent tissue.

title: XXXX gel sheeting for the management and prevention of onychocryptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity14602 :: ('MESH:D009263', 'Disease') :: ['ingrown nails']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: We investigated the antioxidant potential of @entity11676 (GA), a natural compound found in vegetal sources, on the motor and oxidative damages induced by lead. @entity35 exposed to lead (50 mg/kg, i.p., once a day, 5 days) were treated with GA (13.5mg/kg, p.o.) or @entity1098 (110 mg/kg, i.p.) daily, for 3 days. Lead exposure decreased the locomotor and exploratory activities, reduced blood @entity72623 activity, and increased brain @entity12609 (CAT) activity without altering other antioxidant defenses. Brain @entity66 ( @entity66 ) estimated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein @entity6738 were increased by lead. GA reversed the motor behavior parameters, the @entity72623 activity, as well as the markers of @entity66 changed by lead exposure. CAT activity remained high, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to eliminate hydroperoxides during lead @entity4968 . @entity1098 , a conventional chelating agent, was not beneficial on the lead-induced motor behavior and oxidative damages. Both GA (less) and @entity1098 (more) reduced the lead accumulation in brain tissue. Negative correlations were observed between the behavioral parameters and lipid peroxidation and the lead levels in brain tissue. In conclusion, GA may be an adjuvant in lead exposure, mainly by its antioxidant properties against the motor and oxidative damages resulting from such @entity4968 .

title: Locomotor damage and brain XXXX induced by lead exposure are attenuated by @entity11676 treatment.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity11676 :: ('MESH:D005707', 'Chemical') :: ['gallic acid']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['oxidative stress']


abstract: We investigated the antioxidant potential of @entity11676 (GA), a natural compound found in vegetal sources, on the motor and oxidative damages induced by lead. @entity35 exposed to lead (50 mg/kg, i.p., once a day, 5 days) were treated with GA (13.5mg/kg, p.o.) or @entity1098 (110 mg/kg, i.p.) daily, for 3 days. Lead exposure decreased the locomotor and exploratory activities, reduced blood @entity72623 activity, and increased brain @entity12609 (CAT) activity without altering other antioxidant defenses. Brain @entity66 ( @entity66 ) estimated by lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein @entity6738 were increased by lead. GA reversed the motor behavior parameters, the @entity72623 activity, as well as the markers of @entity66 changed by lead exposure. CAT activity remained high, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to eliminate hydroperoxides during lead @entity4968 . @entity1098 , a conventional chelating agent, was not beneficial on the lead-induced motor behavior and oxidative damages. Both GA (less) and @entity1098 (more) reduced the lead accumulation in brain tissue. Negative correlations were observed between the behavioral parameters and lipid peroxidation and the lead levels in brain tissue. In conclusion, GA may be an adjuvant in lead exposure, mainly by its antioxidant properties against the motor and oxidative damages resulting from such @entity4968 .

title: Locomotor damage and brain @entity66 induced by lead exposure are attenuated by XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity11676 :: (MESH:D005707,Chemical) :: ['gallic acid']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity5 often experience multiple concurrent symptoms. Few studies have explored symptom clusters (SCs) in this population. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to explore SCs in @entity5 , evaluate the characteristics associated with various clusters, and determine their relationship to survival. METHODS: This study included @entity1 in the palliative care program of the Hospital Universitario La Paz from 2003 to 2005. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and a supplement including 13 other symptoms were used to detect symptoms. Principal component analysis was performed to determine symptom relationships and compare SCs with associated parameters. RESULTS: In total, 406 @entity1 were included, 61% @entity1 and 39% @entity1 . The median age was 66.4 (range 18-95). The most common primaries were gastrointestinal (35%), lung (25%), genitourinary (8%), breast (5%), and @entity135 . The following clusters were identified: @entity911 ( @entity73 , @entity2146 , @entity322 ), neuropsychological ( @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity22 ), @entity3085 ( @entity3085 , @entity353 , and tiredness), and gastrointestinal ( @entity390 and @entity391 ). The presence of these SCs was influenced by primary @entity5 site, gender, age, and performance status. Survival was related to the number of SCs present in a given @entity1 : zero SC, 52 days; one SC, 38 days; two SCs, 23 days; and three to four SCs, 19 days; P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: Different SCs can be identified in @entity1 with @entity5 . These SCs are influenced by primary @entity5 site, gender, age, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and they can have prognostic value.

title: Symptom clusters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck (5%) carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia-cachexia', 'anorexia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: A moving correlation index (Mx-CPP) of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and mean middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) allows continuous monitoring of dynamic @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) in @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). In this study we validated Mx-CPP for @entity131 , examined its prognostic relevance, and assessed its relationship with @entity551 ( @entity551 ), CPP, @entity428 ( @entity428 ), and CBFV. We tested whether using @entity551 instead of CPP for Mx calculation (Mx- @entity551 ) produces similar results. Mx was calculated for each hemisphere in 37 @entity131 @entity1 during the first 5 days of treatment. All @entity1 received sedation and @entity1337 . CPP and bilateral CBFV were recorded, and GOS was estimated at discharge. Both Mx indices were calculated from 10,000 data points sampled at 57.4Hz. Mx-CPP > 0.3 indicates impaired @entity1779 ; in these @entity1 CPP had a significant positive correlation with CBFV, confirming failure of @entity1779 , while in those with Mx < 0.3, CPP was not correlated with CBFV, indicating intact @entity1779 . These findings were confirmed for Mx- @entity551 . We found a significant correlation between impaired @entity1779 , indicated by Mx- @entity8547 and Mx- @entity551 , and poor outcome for @entity131 @entity1 . @entity551 , CPP, @entity428 , and CBFV were not correlated with @entity1779 but it must be noted that our average CPP was considerably higher than in other studies. This study confirms the validity of this index to demonstrate @entity1779 preservation or failure in @entity131 . This index is also valid if @entity551 is used instead of CPP, which eliminates the need for @entity428 for @entity1779 assessment. An unfavorable outcome is associated with early @entity1779 failure. Further studies using the Mx- @entity551 will reveal whether @entity1779 improves along with @entity1 ' clinical improvement.

title: Noninvasive cerebrovascular autoregulation assessment in XXXX : validation and utility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'invasive ICP measurements']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'cerebral autoregulation']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity19 homozygous for the mutation @entity43048 develop a lethal @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and have abnormal elevations of @entity2819 in the postnatal period. We examined the development of these elevated glucocorticoid levels in early life. The histological progression of a cystic lesion of the biliary ducts in older heterozygotes was also studied. Normal @entity19 had low (less than 85 nmol/liter) or undetectable (less than 36 nmol/liter) levels from the sixth to twelfth day of life. @entity2819 levels were significantly higher in all homozygote ( @entity43048 / @entity43048 ) and some of the normal sibs, who were presumed to be heterozygote ( @entity43048 /+) @entity19 compared to age-matched controls from day seven to 12. @entity2819 levels were similar from the fifteenth day. A significant proportion of adult obligate heterozygotes from breeding pairs were found to have focal areas of @entity384 of the biliary ducts, in the absence of any @entity8 . The incidence of this lesion increased with age (10% at 150 days, 23% at 300 days, 29% at 450 days, 65% at greater than 450 days of age). The livers of homozygote @entity19 dying in infancy, and control adult @entity19 of the C57BL/6J background strain were free of cysts. The finding of @entity99 is reminiscent of adult type @entity8 . The @entity43048 model thus supports the concept that the different forms of @entity8 may represent varying expression of a similar gene complex.

title: Polycystic kidney and liver disease and @entity2819 changes in the XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PKD', 'renal abnormality', 'infantile polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity43048 :: (12879(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cpk']


abstract: @entity19 homozygous for the mutation @entity43048 develop a lethal @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and have abnormal elevations of @entity2819 in the postnatal period. We examined the development of these elevated glucocorticoid levels in early life. The histological progression of a cystic lesion of the biliary ducts in older heterozygotes was also studied. Normal @entity19 had low (less than 85 nmol/liter) or undetectable (less than 36 nmol/liter) levels from the sixth to twelfth day of life. @entity2819 levels were significantly higher in all homozygote ( @entity43048 / @entity43048 ) and some of the normal sibs, who were presumed to be heterozygote ( @entity43048 /+) @entity19 compared to age-matched controls from day seven to 12. @entity2819 levels were similar from the fifteenth day. A significant proportion of adult obligate heterozygotes from breeding pairs were found to have focal areas of @entity384 of the biliary ducts, in the absence of any @entity8 . The incidence of this lesion increased with age (10% at 150 days, 23% at 300 days, 29% at 450 days, 65% at greater than 450 days of age). The livers of homozygote @entity19 dying in infancy, and control adult @entity19 of the C57BL/6J background strain were free of cysts. The finding of @entity99 is reminiscent of adult type @entity8 . The @entity43048 model thus supports the concept that the different forms of @entity8 may represent varying expression of a similar gene complex.

title: Polycystic kidney and liver disease and XXXX changes in the @entity43048 @entity19 .

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: @entity19 homozygous for the mutation @entity43048 develop a lethal @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and have abnormal elevations of @entity2819 in the postnatal period. We examined the development of these elevated glucocorticoid levels in early life. The histological progression of a cystic lesion of the biliary ducts in older heterozygotes was also studied. Normal @entity19 had low (less than 85 nmol/liter) or undetectable (less than 36 nmol/liter) levels from the sixth to twelfth day of life. @entity2819 levels were significantly higher in all homozygote ( @entity43048 / @entity43048 ) and some of the normal sibs, who were presumed to be heterozygote ( @entity43048 /+) @entity19 compared to age-matched controls from day seven to 12. @entity2819 levels were similar from the fifteenth day. A significant proportion of adult obligate heterozygotes from breeding pairs were found to have focal areas of @entity384 of the biliary ducts, in the absence of any @entity8 . The incidence of this lesion increased with age (10% at 150 days, 23% at 300 days, 29% at 450 days, 65% at greater than 450 days of age). The livers of homozygote @entity19 dying in infancy, and control adult @entity19 of the C57BL/6J background strain were free of cysts. The finding of @entity99 is reminiscent of adult type @entity8 . The @entity43048 model thus supports the concept that the different forms of @entity8 may represent varying expression of a similar gene complex.

title: Polycystic kidney and liver disease and @entity2819 changes in the @entity43048 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: To investigate the relationship between @entity731 and age-associated changes in the normal @entity1 kidney, autopsy findings and renal histology from 57 individuals with mild systemic @entity731 (group I), were compared to 57 sex- and age-matched individuals with moderate-to-severe @entity731 (group II). Age, sex, body build, the presence or absence of @entity101 , semiquantitative aorta and coronary-artery @entity731 scores, organ weights, and the percent of globally @entity3808 glomeruli were determined in each. Glomerular area, arcuate/interlobular arteries, and percent @entity82 were measured using standard morphometric techniques. Group I individuals had a 8.3 +/- 7.0% incidence of @entity3808 glomeruli, compared to 15.4 +/- 16.3% in group II (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01). Relative intrarenal arterial wall area was increased in group II (60 +/- 12%) compared to group I (55 +/- 11%, P less than 0.05). The mean glomerular area of nonsclerotic glomeruli was greater in group II (23,700 +/- 6,000 sq mu) than in group I (19,600 +/- 3,700 sq mu, P less than 0.01), suggesting that there were compensatory increases in glomerular size in group II. Interstitial @entity82 was similar in both groups. The relative impact of age, sex, body build, @entity101 , systemic @entity731 , @entity455 and @entity82 on @entity631 and glomerular size was investigated using multiple linear regression. Both age and @entity455 exhibited highly significant, independent associations with @entity631 . Glomerular area was positively correlated with heart weight and @entity453 . In contrast, there was no independent correlation between glomerular area and @entity631 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between XXXX and age-associated changes in the @entity1 kidney.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['intrarenal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: To investigate the relationship between @entity731 and age-associated changes in the normal @entity1 kidney, autopsy findings and renal histology from 57 individuals with mild systemic @entity731 (group I), were compared to 57 sex- and age-matched individuals with moderate-to-severe @entity731 (group II). Age, sex, body build, the presence or absence of @entity101 , semiquantitative aorta and coronary-artery @entity731 scores, organ weights, and the percent of globally @entity3808 glomeruli were determined in each. Glomerular area, arcuate/interlobular arteries, and percent @entity82 were measured using standard morphometric techniques. Group I individuals had a 8.3 +/- 7.0% incidence of @entity3808 glomeruli, compared to 15.4 +/- 16.3% in group II (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01). Relative intrarenal arterial wall area was increased in group II (60 +/- 12%) compared to group I (55 +/- 11%, P less than 0.05). The mean glomerular area of nonsclerotic glomeruli was greater in group II (23,700 +/- 6,000 sq mu) than in group I (19,600 +/- 3,700 sq mu, P less than 0.01), suggesting that there were compensatory increases in glomerular size in group II. Interstitial @entity82 was similar in both groups. The relative impact of age, sex, body build, @entity101 , systemic @entity731 , @entity455 and @entity82 on @entity631 and glomerular size was investigated using multiple linear regression. Both age and @entity455 exhibited highly significant, independent associations with @entity631 . Glomerular area was positively correlated with heart weight and @entity453 . In contrast, there was no independent correlation between glomerular area and @entity631 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between @entity455 and age-associated changes in the XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Three reported episodes of @entity2021 , where 1:1000 @entity1425 was not immediately obtainable, triggered us to assess its availability on all adult wards. We found @entity1425 was unavailable on 50% of audited wards. A questionnaire for doctors and nurses revealed lack of knowledge on both the management of @entity2021 and location of emergency drugs. Given that @entity2021 is a treatable but potentially fatal condition, we held a meeting to discuss the situation with senior pharmacists, resuscitation managers, and senior doctors. Our intervention was to advise the production of ' @entity2021 packs' as part of the crash trolley kit. This was to be added to the laminated crash trolley check list and to include @entity1425 , @entity17567 , @entity701 , and the @entity2021 algorithm. The aim was to improve ward stock, staff knowledge, and create a consistent location for emergency drugs, so minimising @entity1 error, and @entity1 harm. With a PDSA approach we trialled the intervention on four pilot wards. The packs have now been dispersed trust-wide. Re-audit at four months showed 100% ward stock of @entity2021 packs, more consistent drug location and improved staff knowledge. There were 17 coded incidents of @entity2021 at this hospital in 2011, the actual figure likely being higher. We feel our project has greatly improved @entity1 safety in this area.

title: Introduction of 'Anaphylaxis Packs' to improve XXXX safety in a hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorphenamine']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the effect of high-dose intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy with and without orbital radiotherapy on Graves' @entity6875 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: We selected 39 Japanese @entity1 (age range, 22-64 years; mean, 48 years; 31 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ) who had active Graves' @entity6875 among 195 consecutive @entity1 . In the first 20 @entity1 , high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g per day for 3 successive days, repeated 3 times within 3 weeks) followed by 24-Gy orbital radiotherapy was performed. In the other 19 of the 39 @entity1 , high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy without orbital radiotherapy was performed. Coronal computed tomography (CT) of the orbit and exophthalmometry were performed before the corticosteroid pulse therapy, and 1 and 6 months after the corticosteroid pulse therapy. The maximum coronal section area of the most @entity1184 rectus muscle in each eye was measured based on orbital CT imaging. RESULTS: Clinical findings at study entry were not significantly different between the two groups. No significant difference was found in the maximum coronal section area of the most @entity1184 rectus muscle and the results of exophthalmometry measurements in both groups before the therapy. Extraocular muscle @entity1184 was significantly reduced 1 month and 6 months after the therapy (P < .01) in both groups. However, no beneficial therapeutic effect on @entity5768 was observed in either group at 1 month and 6 months after the therapy. No significant difference in the therapeutic effect on extraocular muscle @entity1184 and @entity5768 was found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital irradiation after @entity228 pulse therapy had no beneficial therapeutic effects on rectus muscle @entity1184 or @entity5768 of active Graves' @entity6875 during the 6-month follow-up period.

title: Effect of steroid pulse therapy with and without orbital radiotherapy on Graves' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity149 is an important complication in @entity1 undergoing open heart surgery. The aim of this prospective, contemporary study was to objectively measure neurocognitive brain function following mechanical mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair. METHODS: Forty consecutive, unselected @entity1 (mechanical valve replacement n=20, mean age 65+/-14; valve repair n=20, mean age 64+/-7, P=0.896) entered this prospective, contemporary study. Neurocognitive function was objectively measured by means of P300 auditory evoked potentials (peak latencies, ms) and two standard psychometric tests (Mini Mental State Examination, Trailmaking Test A (TTA)), preoperatively, 7 days and 4 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Before operation, neurocognitive brain function was comparable in both @entity1 groups (mechanical valve replacement versus valve repair: P300 potentials 374+/-25 versus 378+/-46 ms; P=0.791 and TTA 57+/-15 versus 54+/-10 s; P=0.552). Following mechanical valve replacement, neurocognitive function continuously worsened (7 day-follow-up: P300 potentials 392+/-28, P=0.001 versus preop and TTA 65+/-17, P=0.0001; 4-month follow-up: P300 potentials 406+/-39, P=0.0004; TTA 69+/-17, P=0.0001). Interestingly, neurocognitive brain function was unaffected in @entity1 undergoing valve repair (7-day follow-up: P300 potentials 386+/-40, P=0.890 versus preop and TTA: 53+/-10, P=0.644; 4-month follow-up: P300 potentials 374+/-36, P=0.166 and TTA 54+/-11, P=0.147). At 4-month follow-up, @entity1 with mechanical prostheses performed worse as compared to valve repair (P300 potentials: P=0.024; TTA P=0.014). CONCLUSION: As shown by P300 auditory evoked potentials and Trailmaking Test A, there is marked @entity16 related to mechanical valve replacement, whereas mitral valve repair does not affect neurocognitive function. This finding supports the beneficial effect of mitral valve repair over mechanical valve replacement in the decision-making tree of borderline cases, which are suitable for both types of procedure.

title: XXXX following mitral valve surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive damage']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive deficit']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Neurocognitive deficit']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are a common presentation in a medical assessment unit, and we wanted to check compliance with hospital guidelines for antibiotic prescribing in @entity1 presenting to hospital with @entity293 . The guidelines are based on local organisms and sensitivities. A retrospective audit of 40 @entity1 records with positive urine cultures from July to August 2013 showed that 20% of @entity1 with culture confirmed @entity293 were not given antibiotics at all. Of those prescribed antibiotics, 25% were non-compliant with local policy, and nearly one in two @entity1 received more than one antibiotic. Furthermore, stop dates were not stated on 77% of the drug charts and duration of treatment ranged from one to 11 days. Interventions were then introduced in the form of group teaching sessions, proactive checks by Trust pharmacists and widely distributed posters, and the same data sets collected for April to March 2014 to assess for efficacy of the interventions. On re-auditing, 35% @entity1 were not prescribed any antibiotics. However, compliance with local policy was 100%, including 100% drug charts having a stop/review date stated. The overall duration of treatment now ranged from one to seven days, and fewer than one in four @entity1 had more than one antibiotic. Our results showed that improvement was needed in antibiotic stewardship, in particular with regards to compliance with the local guidelines and documentation of prescription. We have demonstrated that it is possible to improve compliance through teaching, by displaying information prominently, and vigilance by the clinical team. The outcome of this is a decreased number and duration of antibiotics prescribed, which has benefits for the @entity1 , the hospital, and the community as a whole. Further work would include interventions to improve the number of @entity1 who are missing antibiotic prescriptions altogether.

title: CQUIN audit for prescription of antibiotics for XXXX in an acute medical assessment unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'Urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity24179 is due to a microcrystalline infringement (hydroxyapatite or @entity24178 ) of the retro-odontoidal ligament of atlas, often leading to the erroneous diagnosis of @entity693 or @entity1511 . We report on three new cases diagnosed from 1996 to 1999. EXEGESIS: The @entity1 complained of cervicalgies, @entity10 or @entity221 . The initially evoked diagnoses were @entity693 , @entity1512 or @entity884 . Clinical exam found @entity693 and an inflammatory syndrome in all @entity1 . Analysis of the cerebro-spinal fluid realised in two cases was normal. The diagnosis of crowned dens syndrome was assessed in two cases by cervical CT scan of @entity6350 . In the third case, @entity4850 of a wrist allowed this diagnosis. We report a probably non fortuitous case of crowned dens syndrome associated with @entity9595 . A non steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment allowed a dramatic regression of clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: This entity should be better known; it can mimick numerous diagnosis and be responsible for @entity221 in the long course.

title: [ XXXX : three new cases].

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity24179 :: ('MESH:D003719', 'Disease') :: ['Crowned dens syndrome']

entities_list: @entity24178 :: ('MESH:D002131', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningism', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['chondrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['genetic hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity24179 :: (MESH:D003719,Disease) :: ['Crowned dens syndrome']


abstract: OBJECT: Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy are commonly used in the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity5 and cavernous sinus. A major risk associated with radiosurgical or radiotherapy treatment of residual or recurrent @entity5 adjacent to normal functional pituitary gland is radiation of the pituitary, which frequently leads to the development of @entity4614 . The authors have used a technique of pituitary transposition to reduce the radiation dose to the normal pituitary gland in cases of planned radiosurgical treatment of @entity41 within the cavernous sinus. Here, the authors analyze the long-term endocrinological outcomes in @entity1 with residual and recurrent @entity5 who undergo hypophysopexy and adjuvant radiosurgical or conformal fractionated radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: Pituitary transposition involves placement of a fat graft between the normal @entity977 in the cavernous sinus. A sellar exploration for @entity5 resection is performed, the pituitary gland is transposed from the region of the cavernous sinus, and the graft is interposed between the @entity977 . The @entity41 may then be treated with stereotactic radiosurgery or conformal fractionated radiation therapy. The authors evaluated endocrinological outcome, safety of the procedure, and @entity260 in @entity1 who underwent this procedure during a 7-year period. RESULTS: Hypophysopexy has been used in 34 @entity1 with nonfunctioning @entity977 (19), functional @entity977 (8), @entity3580 (2), @entity1653 (2), @entity511 (1), @entity2698 (1), or @entity2695 (1) involving the sella and cavernous sinus. Follow-up (radiographic and endocrinological) has been performed yearly in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 experienced @entity86 before radiosurgery (1 transient), but none of the @entity1 developed new @entity4614 during the median 4-year follow-up (range 1-8 years) after radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The increased distance between the normal @entity977 facilitates treatment of the @entity5 with radiosurgery or radiotherapy and effectively reduces the incidence of @entity1161 to the normal pituitary gland when compared with historical controls.

title: Endocrinological outcome after pituitary transposition (hypophysopexy) and adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX involving the cavernous sinus.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors of the skull base', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland and the residual tumor', 'pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary gland and residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endocrine deficits']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The ultimate goal of every @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment program is a high treatment success rate. Treatment success is extremely important because, when the rate is high, it significantly contributes to declining numbers of new cases by reducing the number and period of infectious cases, @entity378 morbidity and mortality, and prevents the emergence of resistant strains. Our aim was to decrease @entity378 mortality by increasing @entity1907 @entity1 ' treatment success rate to at least 85 % in @entity19882 Health District by end of July 2014. A systems and dialogic analysis of the public health system related to @entity378 @entity1 ' treatment revealed that it was not performing well; we found weak coverage and quality of @entity378 services, a poorly-functioning @entity378 health information system, poor-performing health workforce, poor availability of @entity645 tests and antiretroviral for @entity378 @entity1 , and low degree of @entity1 ' participation in their care. We redesigned the system to correct those weaknesses. The effectiveness of these changes was monitored using plan, do, study, act (PDSA) cycles. We increased @entity378 @entity1 success rate from 80% to 95% between February 2012 and July 2014.The mortality rate dropped from 13% to 3% and the failure to follow-up rate dropped from 3% to 2%. In conclusion, district health systems performance depends on factors such as the closeness of services to population; skilled workforce; the ability to collect and analyze data and use information for action; population empowerment, and good management and improvement capabilities of management team especially the public health director. High @entity378 @entity1 ' success rate depends also on the availability of antiretroviral drugs. It is highly important that every district health management team member develops improvement capabilities.

title: From many deaths to some few cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis: travelling with the systems quality improvement model in XXXX Health District, Togo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity19882 :: (2180,Gene) :: ['Lacs']


abstract: We previously identified the @entity19 @entity72624 ( @entity72624 ; related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis proteins) gene as a direct target of @entity899 with proapoptotic activities in various @entity5 cell lines, including @entity263 . To test the therapeutic potential of @entity72624 we constructed an adenoviral vector capable of efficient transduction and expression of @entity72624 (AdmRTVP-1) and used this vector in an orthotopic, metastatic @entity19 model of @entity263 . A single intratumoral administration of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy significantly reduced @entity5 wet weight compared with control Adbetagal-injected @entity5 at two time points after injection with two different vector doses (p < or = 0.01 at 7 and 14 days). Spontaneous @entity3 to lung was also significantly reduced (p < or = 0.02). Evaluation of treated @entity5 revealed increased apoptosis and lower microvessel density counts. In a @entity35 aortic ring sprouting assay, AdmRTVP-1 inhibited endothelial cell sprouting compared with Adbetagal, confirming its antiangiogenic activity. These therapeutic activities were associated with a significant increase in survival from 22.9 to 26.8 days (p = 0.003) in this @entity263 . Interestingly, there were significant increases in the infiltration of @entity5 -associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells, which persisted at 14 days posttreatment in the AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 compared with @entity5 . In addition, significantly increased natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities were demonstrated in the @entity19 with AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 . The unique therapeutic properties of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy demonstrated in this study provide new opportunities for gene and immunotherapy of @entity263 and potentially other @entity5 .

title: Adenoviral vector-mediated @entity72624 gene therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive model of prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Adbetagal control-treated tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We previously identified the @entity19 @entity72624 ( @entity72624 ; related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis proteins) gene as a direct target of @entity899 with proapoptotic activities in various @entity5 cell lines, including @entity263 . To test the therapeutic potential of @entity72624 we constructed an adenoviral vector capable of efficient transduction and expression of @entity72624 (AdmRTVP-1) and used this vector in an orthotopic, metastatic @entity19 model of @entity263 . A single intratumoral administration of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy significantly reduced @entity5 wet weight compared with control Adbetagal-injected @entity5 at two time points after injection with two different vector doses (p < or = 0.01 at 7 and 14 days). Spontaneous @entity3 to lung was also significantly reduced (p < or = 0.02). Evaluation of treated @entity5 revealed increased apoptosis and lower microvessel density counts. In a @entity35 aortic ring sprouting assay, AdmRTVP-1 inhibited endothelial cell sprouting compared with Adbetagal, confirming its antiangiogenic activity. These therapeutic activities were associated with a significant increase in survival from 22.9 to 26.8 days (p = 0.003) in this @entity263 . Interestingly, there were significant increases in the infiltration of @entity5 -associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells, which persisted at 14 days posttreatment in the AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 compared with @entity5 . In addition, significantly increased natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities were demonstrated in the @entity19 with AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 . The unique therapeutic properties of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy demonstrated in this study provide new opportunities for gene and immunotherapy of @entity263 and potentially other @entity5 .

title: Adenoviral vector-mediated XXXX gene therapy for @entity263 .

answer: @entity72624 :: (73690(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mRTVP-1']


abstract: In the U.S., where the prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 has reached epidemic proportions, many @entity1 with this disease are treated by primary care physicians in community-based systems, including accountable care organisations (ACOs). To address gaps in the quality of @entity6 care, national quality measures have been established, including @entity1 -centered measures adopted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for its Shared Savings Program for ACOs. From a @entity1 -centered perspective, high-quality @entity6 care depends on effective communication between clinicians and @entity1 , along with @entity1 education and counseling about medications and lifestyle. We designed and implemented a quality improvement (QI) program for 30 primary care physicians treating @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in three structurally similar but geographically diverse ACOs. Retrospective chart audits were conducted before (n = 300) and after (n = 300) each physician participated in accredited continuing medical education (CME) courses that focused on QI strategies. Randomly selected charts were audited to measurably assess essential interventions for improved outcomes in @entity164 2 @entity6 including the physicians' documentation of @entity1 counseling and assessment of side effects, and @entity1 ' medication adherence status and changes in hemoglobin @entity3916 ( @entity3916 ) and body mass index (BMI). Paced educational interventions included a private performance improvement Internet live course conducted for each physician, small-group Internet live courses involving peer discussion, and a set of enduring materials, which were also multi-accredited for all clinicians in the physician's practice. Continual improvement cycles were guided by analysis of the baseline chart audits, quantitative survey data, and qualitative feedback offered by @entity1 . To extend the benefit of the education, the enduring materials were offered to the interprofessional team of clinicians throughout the U.S. who did not participate in the QI program. For brevity, this article presents outcomes of the 30 primary care physicians. Baseline to post-education improvements were observed for percentages of charts with documented assessment of medication side effects (+11%) and counseling about medication risks/benefits (+28%), medication adherence (+13%), and lifestyle modifications (+8%). Improvements were also observed for documented adherence to @entity6 medications (+24%) and first-to-last visit changes in @entity3916 (-0.16%) and BMI (-2.1). The findings indicate a positive influence of QI education on primary care physicians' performance of @entity1 -centered quality measures and @entity1 outcomes.

title: Applying Quality Improvement into Systems-based Learning to Improve XXXX Outcomes in Primary Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Comminuted @entity174 ( @entity34296 ) continue to pose a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. When internal fixation is not possible, radial head arthroplasty has been advocated as the treatment of choice. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical and radiological short-term results of @entity1 with @entity174 treated with a cemented bipolar radial prosthesis. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 received cemented bipolar radial head hemiarthroplasty for comminuted @entity174 . In all @entity1 a CT scan was obtained prior to surgical treatment to assess all associated injuries. Postoperatively an early motion protocol was applied. All @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiologically at an average of 12.7 months. RESULTS: According to the Mayo Modified Wrist Score, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, the functional rating index of Broberg and Morrey, and the DASH Score good to excellent results were obtained. Grip strength and range of motion were almost at the level of the unaffected contralateral side. @entity1 satisfaction was high, no instability or signs of loosening of the implant, and only mild signs of @entity571 were seen. CONCLUSION: Overall good to excellent short-term results for primary arthroplasty for comminuted @entity174 were observed. These encouraging results warrant the conduction of further studies with long-term follow-up and more cases to see if these short-term results can be maintained over time.

title: One-year results of cemented bipolar radial head prostheses for comminuted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity34296 :: ('MESH:C562772', 'Disease') :: ['Mason type III']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['radial head fractures', 'Mason type III radial head fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['radial head fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity149 is common after cardiac surgery but few studies have examined the relationship between postoperative neuropsychological test performance and everyday behavior. The influence of postoperative @entity73 on car driving has previously not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate neurocognitive function and driving performance after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with standard cardiopulmonary bypass technique and 20 @entity1 scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) under local anesthesia (control group) were enrolled in this prospective study conducted from April 1999 to September 2000. Complete data were obtained in 23 and 19 @entity1 , respectively. The @entity1 underwent neuropsychological examination with a test battery including 12 tests, a standardized on-road driving test and a test in an advanced driving simulator before and 4-6 weeks after intervention. RESULTS: More @entity1 in the coronary artery bypass grafting group (n=11, 48%) than in the percutaneous coronary intervention group (n=2, 10%) showed a @entity73 after intervention (P=0.01). In the on-road driving test, @entity1 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting deteriorated after surgery in the cognitive demanding parts like traffic behavior (P=0.01) and attention (P=0.04). @entity1 who underwent percutaneous intervention deteriorated in maneuvering of the vehicle (P=0.04). No deterioration was detected in the simulator in any of the groups after intervention. @entity1 with a @entity73 after intervention also tended to drop in the on-road driving scores to a larger extent than did @entity1 without a @entity73 . CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cognitive functions important for safe driving may be influenced after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX and driving performance after coronary artery bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive impairment']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Neurocognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery has been one of the recent developments in liver surgery, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) was initially performed for benign lesions at easily accessible locations. As the surgical techniques, technology and experience improved over the past decades, LLR surgery had evolved to tackle malignant lesions, major resections and even in difficult locations without compromising safety and principles of oncology. It was also shown to be beneficial in cirrhotic @entity1 . We describe our initial experience with LLR in a population with significant proportion having @entity82 , emphasising our approach for lesions in the posterosuperior (PS) segments of the liver (segments 1, 4a, 7, and 8). METHODS: A review of @entity1 undergoing LLR in single institution from 2006 to 2015 was performed from a prospective surgical database. Clinicopathological, operative and perioperative parameters were analyzed to compare outcomes in @entity1 who underwent LLR for PS vs. @entity75 ( @entity75 ). RESULTS: LLR was performed in consecutive 197 @entity1 , with a mean age of 60 years. The indications for resection were @entity157 ( @entity157 ) (n=105; 53%), @entity14 liver @entity3 (n=31; 16%), other @entity5 (n=19; 10%) and benign lesions (n=42; 21%). A significant proportion had @entity1575 (25.9%). More females underwent surgery in the @entity75 group and indications for surgery were similar between both groups. Major liver resection was performed more frequently for the PS group than for the @entity75 group (P<0.001) and significantly more PS resections was performed in our latter experience (P=0.02). The mean operative time and the conversion rate were significantly greater in the PS group than in the @entity75 group (P <=0.001 and 0.03, respectively). However, the estimated @entity190 (EBL), rate of blood transfusion and mean postoperative stay were similar in the two groups (P=0.04, 0.88 and 0.92, respectively). The overall 90-day morbidity and mortality rate was 21.3% and 0.5% respectively, with no differences between the two groups. Surrogates of difficulty such as operative time, @entity190 , conversion and outcomes e.g., morbidity and mortality, were similar in @entity1 who underwent PS resections with or without @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: LLR in selected @entity1 is technically feasible and safe including cirrhotic @entity1 with lesions in the PS segments.

title: Laparoscopic liver resection for posterosuperior and XXXX -a comparison experience in an Asian centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral lesions', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['anterolateral lesions']


abstract: AIM: To conduct an integrative review to examine evidence of @entity158 and associated symptoms in adult (>= 21  years of age), postcraniotomy, @entity1313 @entity1 hospitalized on intensive care units. BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers believe craniotomies are less @entity158 . Understanding how @entity158 unfolds over time will help inform @entity1 care and aid in future research and policy development. DESIGN: Systematic literature search to identify relevant literature. Information abstracted using the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms' concepts of influencing factors, symptom clusters and @entity1 performance. Inclusion criteria were indexed, peer-reviewed, full-length, English-language articles. Keywords were 'traumatic @entity1545 ', ' @entity158 , post-operative', ' @entity1545 ', ' @entity282 ', 'craniotomy', 'decompressive craniectomy' and 'trephining'. DATA SOURCES: Medline, OVID, PubMed and CINAHL databases from 2000-2014. REVIEW METHOD: Cooper's five-stage integrative review method was used to assess and synthesize literature. RESULTS: The search yielded 115 manuscripts, with 26 meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies were randomized, controlled trials conducted outside of the United States. All tested pharmacological @entity158 interventions. Postcraniotomy @entity1313 @entity158 was well-documented and associated with @entity390 , @entity391 and changes in blood pressure, and it impacted the @entity1 's length of hospital stay, but there was no consensus for how best to treat such @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms provided structure to the search. @entity158 is experienced by @entity1 , but associated symptoms and impact on @entity1 performance remain poorly understood. Further research is needed to improve understanding and management of @entity158 in this population.

title: Integrative review: postcraniotomy XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'postcraniotomy pain', 'Postcraniotomy pain', 'painful than other surgical procedures']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['pain in the brain tumour']


abstract: AIM: To conduct an integrative review to examine evidence of @entity158 and associated symptoms in adult (>= 21  years of age), postcraniotomy, @entity1313 @entity1 hospitalized on intensive care units. BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers believe craniotomies are less @entity158 . Understanding how @entity158 unfolds over time will help inform @entity1 care and aid in future research and policy development. DESIGN: Systematic literature search to identify relevant literature. Information abstracted using the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms' concepts of influencing factors, symptom clusters and @entity1 performance. Inclusion criteria were indexed, peer-reviewed, full-length, English-language articles. Keywords were 'traumatic @entity1545 ', ' @entity158 , post-operative', ' @entity1545 ', ' @entity282 ', 'craniotomy', 'decompressive craniectomy' and 'trephining'. DATA SOURCES: Medline, OVID, PubMed and CINAHL databases from 2000-2014. REVIEW METHOD: Cooper's five-stage integrative review method was used to assess and synthesize literature. RESULTS: The search yielded 115 manuscripts, with 26 meeting inclusion criteria. Most studies were randomized, controlled trials conducted outside of the United States. All tested pharmacological @entity158 interventions. Postcraniotomy @entity1313 @entity158 was well-documented and associated with @entity390 , @entity391 and changes in blood pressure, and it impacted the @entity1 's length of hospital stay, but there was no consensus for how best to treat such @entity158 . CONCLUSION: The Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms provided structure to the search. @entity158 is experienced by @entity1 , but associated symptoms and impact on @entity1 performance remain poorly understood. Further research is needed to improve understanding and management of @entity158 in this population.

title: Integrative review: postcraniotomy @entity1313 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A @entity3329 associated with brief periods of @entity448 or acute @entity353 was noted in monkeys. Affected monkeys died unexpectedly or after a very short illness. Consistent gross findings at necropsy were enlarged, pale yellow livers, pale tan to yellow kidneys, abundant deposits of body fat and empty gastrointestinal tracts. @entity1560 was the predominant and characteristic lesion found microscopically. Most of the monkeys were female @entity5434 greater than 8 years of age. However, monkeys of other species and ages, and one male also died of this syndrome. Affected monkeys generally had losses of 8-33% of body weight (last measured weight--weight at @entity204 ). In some animals, this syndrome was associated with a location change forcing new social interactions. A common clinical pathologic finding was @entity2629 . These findings suggest that @entity28 monkeys may be prone to a @entity3329 characterized by @entity1560 , and @entity353 .

title: Fatal XXXX in @entity28 monkeys.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['fatal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change of the liver and kidney', 'Fatty change of the liver and kidney']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['fatty liver-kidney syndrome']


abstract: A @entity3329 associated with brief periods of @entity448 or acute @entity353 was noted in monkeys. Affected monkeys died unexpectedly or after a very short illness. Consistent gross findings at necropsy were enlarged, pale yellow livers, pale tan to yellow kidneys, abundant deposits of body fat and empty gastrointestinal tracts. @entity1560 was the predominant and characteristic lesion found microscopically. Most of the monkeys were female @entity5434 greater than 8 years of age. However, monkeys of other species and ages, and one male also died of this syndrome. Affected monkeys generally had losses of 8-33% of body weight (last measured weight--weight at @entity204 ). In some animals, this syndrome was associated with a location change forcing new social interactions. A common clinical pathologic finding was @entity2629 . These findings suggest that @entity28 monkeys may be prone to a @entity3329 characterized by @entity1560 , and @entity353 .

title: Fatal @entity1560 in XXXX monkeys.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mechanistic modeling of DNA double strand break (DSB) rejoining is important for quantifying and medically exploiting radiation-induced @entity137 (e.g. in @entity5 radiotherapy). Most radiation-induced DSBs are quickly-rejoinable and are rejoined within the first 1-2 hours after irradiation. Others are slowly-rejoinable (persist for several hours), and yet others are essentially unrejoinable (persist for >24 hours). The dependences of DSB rejoining kinetics on radiation dose and dose rate remain incompletely understood. We hypothesize that the fraction of slowly-rejoinable and/or unrejoinable DSBs increases with increasing dose/dose rate. This @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) model was implemented using differential equations for three DSB classes: quickly-rejoinable, slowly-rejoinable and unrejoinable. Radiation converts quickly-rejoinable to slowly-rejoinable, and slowly-rejoinable to unrejoinable DSBs. We used large published data sets on DSB rejoining in @entity375 exposed to sparsely-ionizing (electrons and y-rays, single or split-doses, high or low dose rates) and densely-ionizing (a-particles) radiation to compare the performances of the proposed @entity1161 formalism and the established two-lesion kinetic (TLK) model. These @entity375 DSB rejoining data were measured within the radiation dose range relevant for clonogenic cell survival, whereas in @entity1 cells DSB rejoining is usually measured only at supra-lethal doses for technical reasons. The @entity1161 model described both sparsely-ionizing and densely-ionizing radiation data much better than the TLK model: by 217 and 14 sample-size-adjusted Akaike information criterion units, respectively. This occurred because: the @entity1161 (but not the TLK) model reproduced the observed upwardly-curving dose responses for slowly-rejoinable/unrejoinable DSBs at long times after irradiation; the @entity1161 model adequately described DSB yields at both high and low dose rates using one parameter set, whereas the TLK model overestimated low dose rate data. These results support the hypothesis that DSB rejoining is progressively impeded at increasing radiation doses/dose rates.

title: Mechanistic Modeling of Dose and Dose Rate Dependences of Radiation-Induced DNA Double Strand Break Rejoining Kinetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'radiation-dependent']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute disseminated @entity1651 (ADEM) is an inflammatory, @entity17 occurring several weeks after @entity1800 . Enteroviruses have been described as potential triggers of ADEM, but the closely related parechoviruses have not. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence and disease presentation of ADEM after @entity281 in a syndromic surveillance program for pediatric @entity4767 (CNS). METHODS: The surveillance was conducted at the Charit   Department of Pediatrics in Berlin, Germany, from November 2010 to November 2014. All hospitalized @entity1 meeting predefined case criteria underwent highly standardized prospective clinical assessments based on the published case definitions, including for ADEM. Stool samples were independently analyzed by enterovirus and parechovirus real-time polymerase chain reaction at the Robert Koch Institute. RESULTS: Of 105,557 @entity1 screened, 774 (0.7%) fulfilled entry criteria for CNS @entity32 , with 114 cases ascertained as ADEM. Parechoviruses were detected in 2.5% of @entity1 with CNS @entity32 , including 1 case fulfilling ADEM case criteria with the highest level of diagnostic certainty. CONCLUSIONS: We report a first case of ADEM after @entity281 in a 5-year-old female presenting with @entity1269 2 weeks after a @entity1576 . Parechovirus disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of ADEM.

title: Acute Disseminated XXXX After Human Parechovirus Infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection/inflammation of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['acute hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parechovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['Encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged preoperative @entity4053 may impair nutritional status of the @entity1 and their recovery. In contrast, some studies show that @entity4053 abbreviation can improve the response to @entity130 and decrease the length of hospital stay. AIM: Investigate whether the prescribed perioperative @entity4053 time and practiced by @entity1 is in compliance with current multimodal protocols and identify the main factors associated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 65 @entity1 undergoing elective surgery of the digestive tract or abdominal wall. We investigated the @entity4053 time in the perioperative period, hunger and thirst reports, physical status, @entity6 diagnosis, type of surgery and anesthesia. RESULTS: The @entity1 were between 19 and 87 years, mostly female (73.8%). The most performed procedure was cholecystectomy (47.69%) and general anesthesia the most used (89.23%). The most common approach was to start @entity4053 from midnight for liquids and solids, and most of the @entity1 received grade II (64.6%) to the physical state. The real @entity4053 average time was 16 h (9.5-41.58) was higher than prescribed (11 h, 6.58 -26.75). The @entity1 submitted to surgery in the afternoon were in more @entity4053 time than those who did in the morning (p<0.001). The intensity of hunger and thirst increased in postoperative @entity4053 period (p=0.010 and 0.027). The average period of postoperative @entity4053 was 18.25 h (3.33-91.83) and only 23.07% restarted feeding on the same day. CONCLUSION: @entity1 were fasted for prolonged time, higher even than the prescribed time and intensity of the signs of discomfort such as hunger and thirst increased over time. To better recovery and the @entity1 's well-being, it is necessary to establish a preoperative @entity4053 abbreviation protocol.

title: FASTING IN ELECTIVE SURGICAL XXXX : COMPARISON AMONG THE TIME PRESCRIBED, PERFORMED AND RECOMMENDED ON PERIOPERATIVE CARE PROTOCOLS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity1642 plays a significant role in the outcome of @entity166 , but data related to the effect of stress on periodontal @entity281 is limited. The present study was designed to test the impact of emotional stress on the humoral immune response to the periodontal pathogen @entity2523 in a @entity19 model of @entity32 . Chambers constructed from @entity702 wire were implanted in the subcutaneous dorsolumbar region of @entity19 . All @entity19 were immunized with @entity2523 followed by an intrachamber challenge with the bacteria. One group of @entity19 was used as control, while the other two experienced experimental stress conditions (isolation/restraint stress). Stress-1 group was stressed during the immunization period, while Stress-2 group was stressed during the local challenge period. Chamber exudates and serum were collected and analyzed for levels of anti-P. gingivalis antibodies (IgG, @entity6527 and @entity9749 ). The levels of serum antibodies to @entity2523 were not different between the three tested groups, excluding increased levels of @entity9749 in Stress-1 group at baseline. The levels of antibodies in the chamber exudates were significantly lower in the stressed groups at baseline, but higher at d 7. The @entity6527 to @entity9749 ratio was significantly higher in the control group compared with the two stressed groups. The findings of the present study suggest that chronic @entity1642 had a marked impact on the localized response to @entity2523 challenge. The lower @entity6527 / @entity9749 ratio observed in the stress groups suggests elevated @entity630 response during stress.

title: The effect of chronic emotional stress on the humoral immune response to XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']