abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity72505 and @entity69797 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1735 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1735 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity4826 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity4826 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity26243 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1735 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity4826 in @entity72505 , but not in @entity69797 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity4826 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity19447 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity72506 (Kdn) is present in @entity72505 , and @entity27054 ( @entity27055 ) in @entity69797 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity72505 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity1 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of @entity1735 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species XXXX and @entity69797 .

entities_list: @entity72506 :: ('CHEBI:71429', 'Chemical') :: ['deaminoneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity27054 :: ('MESH:C032592', 'Chemical') :: ['N -glycolylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity69797 :: ('8348', 'Species') :: ['B. variegata', 'Bombina variegata']

entities_list: @entity72505 :: ('8345', 'Species') :: ['Bombina bombina', 'B. bombina']

answer: @entity72505 :: (8345,Species) :: ['Bombina bombina']


abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity72505 and @entity69797 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1735 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1735 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity4826 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity4826 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity26243 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1735 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity4826 in @entity72505 , but not in @entity69797 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity4826 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity19447 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity72506 (Kdn) is present in @entity72505 , and @entity27054 ( @entity27055 ) in @entity69797 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity72505 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity1 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of @entity1735 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species @entity72505 and XXXX .

answer: @entity69797 :: (8348,Species) :: ['Bombina variegata']


abstract: The eggs of amphibians are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, termed jelly coat, which is mainly composed of hydrated mucin-type glycoproteins. These highly glycosylated molecules are synthesized by the oviduct and play an important role in the fertilization process. From a structural and chemical point of view, these oviducal mucins are very different from one species to another and they could be involved in the species-specificity of gamete interactions or could influence the parasite tropism. @entity72505 and @entity69797 are the two most closely related species within the genus, which hybridize readily in nature. Divergence occurred during geographic isolation estimated at 2-7 million years ago. The oviducal mucins of these species have been studied at the @entity1735 level, and the primary structures of 28 compounds have been established by NMR spectroscopy. The @entity1735 chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two species were similar and characterized by the common sequences @entity4826 (beta 1-3)[Fuc(alpha 1-4)]GlcNAc(beta 1-6) and @entity4826 (alpha 1-4)Gal(beta 1-4)Gal(beta 1-3) attached to @entity26243 -ol (core 2). Nevertheless, some differences confirmed the strict species-specificity of amphibian oviducal @entity1735 chains observed previously. On the one hand, the presence of beta Gal 1,4-linked to beta @entity4826 in @entity72505 , but not in @entity69797 , can indicate that beta 4GalT: beta @entity4826 and beta 4GalT: beta @entity19447 are two distinct glycosyltransferases. On the other hand, @entity72506 (Kdn) is present in @entity72505 , and @entity27054 ( @entity27055 ) in @entity69797 . Although the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of Kdn are not as well characterized, it can be suggested that at least one step of the biosynthetic pathway of NeuAc has been disrupted, leading the @entity72505 oviducal NeuAc-9-synthase to use @entity1 -6-P as a substrate, instead of ManNAc-6-P.

title: Comparative study of XXXX chains released from the oviducal mucins of the two very closely related amphibian species @entity72505 and @entity69797 .

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Terminal sprouting, myofiber @entity194 , and fiber type changes were studied in soleus and distal gastrocnemius muscles of 21- and 26-mo-old @entity35 and in @entity35 who performed treadmill running from 21 to 26 mo. End-plate structure and muscle fiber types were demonstrated by staining for @entity4833 and myosin ATPase activity. Terminal sprouting was expressed as the percentage of end plates with growth configurations. Fiber @entity194 was assessed as percentage of small-diameter fibers. In all three groups, the percentage of small-diameter fibers was significantly smaller and the percentage of growth configurations significantly larger in the soleus than in the gastrocnemius. The exercised-soleus group had a significantly higher percentage of growth configurations than the 26-mo controls, which had a higher percentage than the 21-mo controls. Percentages among gastrocnemius groups were not different. Fiber type was similar among gastrocnemius groups. However, the exercised-soleus had significantly more slow-twitch fibers than the controls. These data suggest that the soleus responds differently to chronic exercise during aging than does the gastrocnemius.

title: Effects of chronic exercise during aging on muscle and end-plate morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after @entity1205 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity1 with @entity263 , although biochemical or @entity5 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) who have responded to @entity1205 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity13850 can maintain the response to @entity1205 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity1205 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity263 @entity1 underwent @entity13850 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity5 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity158 (Present @entity158 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity1486 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity263 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity1 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity13850 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity5 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after successful @entity1205 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: XXXX Maintenance Therapy After @entity1205 Induction in Castration-Resistant @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus', 'Temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['castration-resistant prostate cancer', 'CRPC', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity13850 :: (MESH:C401859,Chemical) :: ['Temsirolimus']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after @entity1205 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity1 with @entity263 , although biochemical or @entity5 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) who have responded to @entity1205 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity13850 can maintain the response to @entity1205 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity1205 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity263 @entity1 underwent @entity13850 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity5 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity158 (Present @entity158 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity1486 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity263 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity1 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity13850 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity5 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after successful @entity1205 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: @entity13850 Maintenance Therapy After @entity1205 Induction in Castration-Resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after @entity1205 induction chemotherapyis safe in @entity1 with @entity263 , although biochemical or @entity5 responses are rare;does not diminish quality of life; anddelays radiological and/or symptomatic progression by approximately 6 months. BACKGROUND: No standard therapy is available for @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) who have responded to @entity1205 and do not yet have disease progression. Hence, we designed a single-arm phase II trial to explore whether the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity13850 can maintain the response to @entity1205 without compromising quality of life. METHODS: After successful @entity1205 induction (75 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks; 6-10 cycles), 21 @entity263 @entity1 underwent @entity13850 maintenance treatment (25 mg weekly; 4 weeks per cycle). The primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTTF) (i.e., radiological and/or symptomatic progression). The secondary endpoints included the @entity5 response rate (RECIST 1.0), safety (National @entity5 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0), quality of life (Functional Assessment of @entity5 Therapy-Prostate [FACT-P]), @entity158 (Present @entity158 Intensity [PPI] scale), @entity1486 (PSA) parameters, including time to PSA progression (TTPP) according to @entity263 Clinical Trials Working Group criteria, and serial enumeration of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs). RESULTS: @entity1 received a median of 7 cycles of @entity13850 (range, 1-28), resulting in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1-33.0), 1 partial @entity5 response (4.8%), 1 PSA response (4.8%), and a median TTPP of 12.2 weeks (95% CI, 7.8-23.9). Grade 3-4 adverse events were infrequent, and FACT-P and PPI scores remained stable during treatment. CECs did not predict clinical benefit, and CEPs were not consistently detectable. CONCLUSION: @entity13850 maintenance therapy after successful @entity1205 induction is feasible, does not adversely affect quality of life, and, in this exploratory single-arm phase II study, resulted in a median TTTF of 24.3 weeks.

title: @entity13850 Maintenance Therapy After XXXX Induction in Castration-Resistant @entity263 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['Docetaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hr44 is a target antigen for cross-reactive antibodies to the Onchocerca volvulus antigen Ov39. This study was undertaken to determine the epitopes recognized by antibodies to hr44, including Ov39/hr44 cross-reacting antibodies, and to use these antibodies to determine the distribution of hr44 in normal and inflamed intraocular epithelia and @entity1 cell cultures. METHODS: Epitopes were identified with a peptide-based ELISA and competition ELISA. Immunostaining for hr44 and @entity5775 was conducted on control and inflamed ocular tissues. Exosomes were isolated from @entity1 cell cultures and analyzed by Western blot and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Linear epitopes and the Ov39 cross-reactive epitope of hr44 were identified. Immunohistology indicated that hr44 is present in vesicular structures of the iris and ciliary body and is lost from the epithelial layers of inflamed eyes coincidentally with @entity5775 . A 66-kDa variant of hr44 is present in exosomes purified from @entity1 cell culture supernatants. CONCLUSIONS: Because hr44 is a component of exosomes produced by @entity1 cells, the coincident loss of hr44 and @entity5775 in inflamed epithelia indicates that exosomes may be released from intraocular epithelia in response to @entity32 . This notion suggests that exosomes shed by intraocular epithelial cells influence T-cell survival and antigen presentation in the eye without direct cell-cell contact and have a role in the maintenance of ocular immune privilege.

title: Hr44 secreted with exosomes: loss from ciliary epithelium in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Control of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity2316 improves mortality and slows progression to @entity454 . However, blood pressure is difficult to treat; multiple drug combination therapy is required and treatment algorithms to establish this are lacking. We used a stepped-care algorithm, centered on maximum doses of an @entity1289 inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, to treat @entity101 according to American @entity6 Association recommended blood pressure target goals (<130/80 mmHg) in @entity1 with @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 49 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 (13 with @entity164 1 and 36 with @entity164 2), @entity2316 , and @entity644 > or =500 mg/24 h with a stepped-care blood pressure treatment algorithm. The level of blood pressure control achieved at most recent follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed for a median of 18 months (range 9-48). Mean blood pressure achieved was 140/75 +/- 23/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 146/76 +/- 22/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Target blood pressure was reached in 16 (33%) @entity1 , 6 of 13 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 10 of 36 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , whereas systolic blood pressure remained above the target level in the remaining @entity1 . There was no difference in baseline blood pressure, @entity644 , or serum @entity1011 level between @entity1 who were treated to target and those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of blood pressure control similar to those achieved in clinical trials in @entity2316 were obtained with a stepped-care algorithm. However, in most @entity1 , systolic blood pressure was difficult to control to target despite the use of multiple drug combination therapy.

title: Treating XXXX in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Control of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity2316 improves mortality and slows progression to @entity454 . However, blood pressure is difficult to treat; multiple drug combination therapy is required and treatment algorithms to establish this are lacking. We used a stepped-care algorithm, centered on maximum doses of an @entity1289 inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, to treat @entity101 according to American @entity6 Association recommended blood pressure target goals (<130/80 mmHg) in @entity1 with @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 49 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 (13 with @entity164 1 and 36 with @entity164 2), @entity2316 , and @entity644 > or =500 mg/24 h with a stepped-care blood pressure treatment algorithm. The level of blood pressure control achieved at most recent follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed for a median of 18 months (range 9-48). Mean blood pressure achieved was 140/75 +/- 23/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 146/76 +/- 22/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Target blood pressure was reached in 16 (33%) @entity1 , 6 of 13 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 10 of 36 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , whereas systolic blood pressure remained above the target level in the remaining @entity1 . There was no difference in baseline blood pressure, @entity644 , or serum @entity1011 level between @entity1 who were treated to target and those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of blood pressure control similar to those achieved in clinical trials in @entity2316 were obtained with a stepped-care algorithm. However, in most @entity1 , systolic blood pressure was difficult to control to target despite the use of multiple drug combination therapy.

title: Treating @entity101 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: The differentiation of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) from regional ventilatory abnormalities accompanied by reduced perfusion requires contemporary perfusion and ventilation studies. Distinguishing these conditions in ventilator-dependent @entity1 is aided by administering a Tc-99m aerosol to characterize regional ventilation, and by performing a conventional Tc-99m MAA perfusion study. The technique uses a simple "in-house" constructed apparatus. Simple photographic techniques suffice, but computer subtraction of perfusion from the combined perfusion-ventilation image renders interpretation easier if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging. @entity156 can be examined in a single study. Excluding normal or near-normal perfusion studies, @entity1151 was thought to be present in eight of 16 @entity1 after perfusion imaging alone, but in only one of eight after added aerosol imaging. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis in that @entity1 . Of the eight @entity1 who had abnormal perfusion but were thought unlikely to have @entity1151 from the perfusion study alone, two had normal ventilation, and subsequently were shown to have @entity1151 by angiography. Because angiography was only performed on @entity1 who were thought to have a high probability of @entity1151 on sequential perfusion-ventilation imaging, the true incidence of @entity1151 may have been higher. Aerosol ventilation imaging is a useful adjunct to perfusion imaging in @entity1 on ventilators. It requires an efficient delivery system, particularly if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging, as it does in this study. The major disadvantage of aerosol imaging compared to a gas in intubated @entity1 is the significant bronchial deposition due to retained mucus secretions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radioaerosol ventilation imaging in ventilator-dependent XXXX . Technical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple defects']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In sedentary individuals, postexercise @entity551 following a single bout of aerobic exercise is due to an unexplained peripheral vasodilatation. We tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in the forearm and leg vasculatures is blunted during postexercise @entity551 . We studied 12 @entity1 and two @entity1 before and 30 min after a 60 min bout of cycling at 60 % VO2,peak. In the first five subjects, arterial pressure (brachial artery catheter) and forearm blood flow (plethysmography) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of the @entity6927 -agonist @entity2647 and the alpha2-agonist @entity1338 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (89 +/- 2 vs. 95 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased forearm vascular conductance 77 +/- 33 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the forearm to @entity2647 and @entity1338 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. In the remaining nine subjects, arterial pressure (femoral artery catheter) and leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of @entity2647 and @entity1338 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (80 +/- 2 vs. 89 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased leg vascular conductance 94 +/- 16 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the leg to @entity2647 and @entity1338 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists is maintained during postexercise @entity551 in @entity1 . Thus, while postexercise @entity551 is associated with increased vascular conductance in the forearm and leg, it does not appear that blunting of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness is the cause.

title: Alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness during postexercise XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: In sedentary individuals, postexercise @entity551 following a single bout of aerobic exercise is due to an unexplained peripheral vasodilatation. We tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic responsiveness in the forearm and leg vasculatures is blunted during postexercise @entity551 . We studied 12 @entity1 and two @entity1 before and 30 min after a 60 min bout of cycling at 60 % VO2,peak. In the first five subjects, arterial pressure (brachial artery catheter) and forearm blood flow (plethysmography) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of the @entity6927 -agonist @entity2647 and the alpha2-agonist @entity1338 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (89 +/- 2 vs. 95 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased forearm vascular conductance 77 +/- 33 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the forearm to @entity2647 and @entity1338 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. In the remaining nine subjects, arterial pressure (femoral artery catheter) and leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound of the femoral artery) were measured and vascular conductance was calculated during intraarterial infusions of @entity2647 and @entity1338 . Exercise reduced mean arterial pressure (80 +/- 2 vs. 89 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased leg vascular conductance 94 +/- 16 % (P < 0.05). Despite these changes in baseline vascular conductance, vasoconstrictor responses in the leg to @entity2647 and @entity1338 were similar (or enhanced) postexercise vs. preexercise. These results suggest that vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists is maintained during postexercise @entity551 in @entity1 . Thus, while postexercise @entity551 is associated with increased vascular conductance in the forearm and leg, it does not appear that blunting of alpha-adrenergic responsiveness is the cause.

title: Alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness during postexercise @entity551 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: We have reported earlier the purification of tubulin from a plasmalemmal-microsomal fraction derived from @entity35 hippocampus using an @entity53 (E(2)) affinity column and the specific binding of tubulin to both E(2) and @entity251 (T). To further investigate the effect of E(2) and T on the function of this protein, changes in microtubule polymerization as a result of exposure to the @entity230 were examined in this study, using both pure tubulin and @entity35 hippocampal primary cell cultures. First, pure tubulin was incubated with or without @entity230 for 30 min on ice followed by polymerization at 37 degrees C. The numbers of microtubules formed were counted from electron microscopic pictures. The results showed that at 30 min of polymerization, 10 nM, 30 nM and 30 microM of E(2) inhibited microtubule assembly by -70%, -94%, and -92%, respectively (p < 0.01), while T at the same three concentrations stimulated it by +83%, +66%, and +121%, respectively (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of E(2) and the stimulatory effect of T were observed at 15, 30 and 60 min of the polymerization process. Next, primary cell cultures from 17-day @entity35 fetus hippocampal tissues were treated with the @entity230 and polymerized microtubules (Triton X-100 resistant) were examined by immunocytochemistry. The results demonstrated that 60 min of E(2) treatment (10 nM) decreased the intensity of the immunolabeling of polymerized microtubules. The effect of T at nM concentration was not significant though it increased the immunolabeling at microM concentration. Of great significance was a remarkable inhibition by T of the well-established depolymerization effect of @entity3812 in both the pure tubulin assay and the cell culture model, while E(2) was not effective. In an effort to pursue the possible mechanism(s) of the effect of E(2) and T on microtubule formation, we found that T only inhibited the microtubule depolymerization process without affecting the rate of polymerization. In contrast, E(2) modifies only the polymerization process without altering the depolymerization. Overall, these data indicate that E(2) and T may be considered as novel regulators of microtubule dynamics and thereby controlling cytoskeleton function in cells.

title: @entity53 and XXXX have opposite effects on microtubule polymerization.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: We have reported earlier the purification of tubulin from a plasmalemmal-microsomal fraction derived from @entity35 hippocampus using an @entity53 (E(2)) affinity column and the specific binding of tubulin to both E(2) and @entity251 (T). To further investigate the effect of E(2) and T on the function of this protein, changes in microtubule polymerization as a result of exposure to the @entity230 were examined in this study, using both pure tubulin and @entity35 hippocampal primary cell cultures. First, pure tubulin was incubated with or without @entity230 for 30 min on ice followed by polymerization at 37 degrees C. The numbers of microtubules formed were counted from electron microscopic pictures. The results showed that at 30 min of polymerization, 10 nM, 30 nM and 30 microM of E(2) inhibited microtubule assembly by -70%, -94%, and -92%, respectively (p < 0.01), while T at the same three concentrations stimulated it by +83%, +66%, and +121%, respectively (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect of E(2) and the stimulatory effect of T were observed at 15, 30 and 60 min of the polymerization process. Next, primary cell cultures from 17-day @entity35 fetus hippocampal tissues were treated with the @entity230 and polymerized microtubules (Triton X-100 resistant) were examined by immunocytochemistry. The results demonstrated that 60 min of E(2) treatment (10 nM) decreased the intensity of the immunolabeling of polymerized microtubules. The effect of T at nM concentration was not significant though it increased the immunolabeling at microM concentration. Of great significance was a remarkable inhibition by T of the well-established depolymerization effect of @entity3812 in both the pure tubulin assay and the cell culture model, while E(2) was not effective. In an effort to pursue the possible mechanism(s) of the effect of E(2) and T on microtubule formation, we found that T only inhibited the microtubule depolymerization process without affecting the rate of polymerization. In contrast, E(2) modifies only the polymerization process without altering the depolymerization. Overall, these data indicate that E(2) and T may be considered as novel regulators of microtubule dynamics and thereby controlling cytoskeleton function in cells.

title: XXXX and @entity251 have opposite effects on microtubule polymerization.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: There are few data on the relationships between age and @entity943 , except for the @entity3153 . In clinical practice, the most frequent @entity943 is the @entity955 ( @entity955 ). It is well-known, that the prevalence of @entity955 increases with age from 2 to 4% before 70 years up to 9 to 15% in @entity1 older than 80 years. However, it is unknown if the increased prevalence of @entity955 is related to the increase of the @entity299 , noted in the elderly, or to atrial electrophysiological changes. Probably, the incidence and mechanism of @entity943 do not differ between adults and elderly @entity1 when the other clinical data are similar. @entity943 in elderly @entity1 represent most of the urgencies, consultations or hospitalizations. They could become more and more frequent because we now know that the management of most of these elderly @entity1 should be identical to that of younger @entity1 . However, the treatment frequently is difficult. The difficulties in elderly @entity1 are due to the associated non-cardiac and @entity299 which are more frequent than in adults. Therefore, the quality of management should be particularly careful in elderly @entity1 .

title: Age-related changes in XXXX and electrophysiologic properties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and extracardiac diseases', 'cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: The neuroleptics are currently the primary mode of treatment for @entity161 . Unfortunately, the study of the behavioral effects of these drugs has been hampered by inadequate methodology. Researchers have lacked means sensitive enough to detect the neuroleptic's spontaneous behavioral effects at low doses. Consequently, most previous studies have measured the ability of these drugs to block the effects of various @entity935 agonists. In an attempt to remedy this, the present study employed one of the recently developed automated animal activity monitors. This system was used to measure the spontaneous nocturnal behavioral effects of the neuroleptic @entity1767 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) on 12 male @entity35 . The behavioral effects of @entity2211 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) were also studied in order to compare the effects of central and peripheral @entity935 antagonism. The results showed that @entity1767 depressed all aspects of behavior studied--even at the lowest dose--while @entity2211 depressed only average speed. These results suggest that all of the locomotor variables studied, save average speed, are centrally mediated. Average speed, though influenced by central mechanisms, seems primarily a peripheral function.

title: The topography of the locomotor effects of @entity1767 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity2211 :: (MESH:D004294,Chemical) :: ['domperidone']


abstract: The neuroleptics are currently the primary mode of treatment for @entity161 . Unfortunately, the study of the behavioral effects of these drugs has been hampered by inadequate methodology. Researchers have lacked means sensitive enough to detect the neuroleptic's spontaneous behavioral effects at low doses. Consequently, most previous studies have measured the ability of these drugs to block the effects of various @entity935 agonists. In an attempt to remedy this, the present study employed one of the recently developed automated animal activity monitors. This system was used to measure the spontaneous nocturnal behavioral effects of the neuroleptic @entity1767 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) on 12 male @entity35 . The behavioral effects of @entity2211 (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) were also studied in order to compare the effects of central and peripheral @entity935 antagonism. The results showed that @entity1767 depressed all aspects of behavior studied--even at the lowest dose--while @entity2211 depressed only average speed. These results suggest that all of the locomotor variables studied, save average speed, are centrally mediated. Average speed, though influenced by central mechanisms, seems primarily a peripheral function.

title: The topography of the locomotor effects of XXXX and @entity2211 .

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: The @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signal transduction system has been reported to play a role in prostate tumorigenesis and the regulation of cell cycle-related gene expression including the cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks), and Cdk inhibitors. The objective of this investigation was to examine the expression of @entity2534 and five cell cycle-related genes- @entity8985 , @entity9288 , @entity994 (( @entity994 ), @entity5438 , and cyclin E-in three @entity263 cell lines and normal prostate by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)/polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of the @entity2534 was reduced by 5.5- and 2.2-fold in the LNCaP and DU145 cells, respectively, compared with normal prostate tissue. A similar decrease was observed for the @entity2533 receptor I transcript in the LNCaP cells. In addition, 20-fold less of the @entity2533 inducible @entity9288 (inkb) transcript was produced by the LNCaP and DU145 cell lines compared with the PC-3 cell line. The @entity994 (( @entity994 ) transcript, although present, was only 6% of normal in the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. Furthermore, the steady state levels of @entity994 (( @entity994 ) mRNA significantly increased within 15 minutes after the addition of exogenous @entity2533 to PC-3 cells. Likewise, addition of @entity2533 antibodies to the PC-3 cells significantly reduced @entity994 (( @entity994 ) transcript levels to less than 2% of normal. This suggests that @entity994 (( @entity994 ) expression in PC-3 cells is related not only to @entity876 induction but may function through alternative pathways including @entity2533 . We conclude that the expression of specific cell cycle-related genes may be entirely or partially regulated by alterations in @entity2533 pathway and may play a @entity263 development.

title: Steady state expression of cell-cycle regulatory genes in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['role in prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2534 :: ('7048', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b receptors I and II', 'TGF-b receptor II']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: In contrast to specific shoulder girdle processes tuberculoses of the shoulder joint are observed relatively frequently. From 1955 up to and including 1980, 50 @entity1 with omarthritis tuberculosa were surgically treated at the authors' clinic. Thirty were male, 20 female, 42 were Germans, 8 immigrant workers. Arthrodeses were performed in 28 cases, removal of bone or soft-tissue foci, or a combination of these, in 22. The left joint was affected in 26 cases (52%) and the right in 24 (48%). The youngest @entity1 was 9, the oldest 78 years of age (average age 42.6 years). The time from the onset of complaints to diagnosis was about 1.6 years. Twenty-eight @entity1 (56%) had previously had treatment for @entity378 and 9 (18%) also had @entity378 localized elsewhere. Even though there were clear radiological changes in all cases, abscesses and fistulae or a combination of these in 27 cases (54%), the 1-hour ESR was normal or only slightly elevated (under 20 mm acc. to W.) in 29 @entity1 (58%). The recurrences which occurred immediately after surgery or in the subsequent course of the disease healed without sequelae after secondary interventions. While they prolonged hospitalization they did not influence the result of surgery. Of the 38 (76%) @entity1 who were followed up on average 3 years after the end of inpatient treatment, 30 (79%) had returned to work on average 1.1 year after being discharged from the hospital. Three had meanwhile been retrained for lighter work. In the discussion the etiology and pathogenesis, incidence, side localization, age and sex distribution, complaints, clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis, and differential diagnosis of @entity3084 are reported on with reference to the relevant literature.

title: [ XXXX of the shoulder joint].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder joint tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Permanent @entity227 due to an increase in volume of the orbital contents may be the result of the failure of conservative therapeutic concepts in the treatment of @entity4903 . Considerable progress has been achieved in developing successful orbital decompression techniques with regard to functional and cosmetic outcome. Decompression techniques with resection of the bony orbital walls are adequate tools in restoring visual acuity and reducing exophthalmus. A considerable degree of @entity1319 has been described in the literature depending on the techniques being used. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a modified technique of 3-wall orbital decompression with preservation of a medial part of the periorbital tissue to support the medial rectus muscle, is able to reduce the postoperative risk of @entity892 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A modified technique of orbital 3-wall decompression with resection of the medial orbital wall, the medial orbital floor and the floor of the frontal sinus has been used in @entity1 with @entity1781 (n = 20) and for cosmetic reasons (n = 7) in cases of uni- or bilateral proptosis. Analysis of the results was performed concerning visual outcome, @entity353 and development of horizontal and vertical motility changes. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity1781 improvement of visual function at an average of 4.63 +/- 4.5 lines could be achieved. @entity353 was 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm in the functional group and 3.9 +/- 1.7 mm in the rehabilitative group. In this group motility of the medial rectus muscle remained unaffected except in one eye. In the functional group motility deterioration was observed in 62 %. CONCLUSION: The modified 3-wall decompression technique with preservation of a medial periorbital tissue strip is an adequate alternative technique in the therapy of @entity1781 and exophthalmus @entity4903 with a low risk of @entity1319 .

title: [Development of XXXX following modified 3-wall decompression of the orbita in @entity4903 for functional and rehabilitative indication].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual damage']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmus reduction', 'Exophthalmus reduction']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative motility disorders', 'deterioration of motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine orbitopathy', 'reduction in endocrine orbitopathy']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['ocular motility']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Permanent @entity227 due to an increase in volume of the orbital contents may be the result of the failure of conservative therapeutic concepts in the treatment of @entity4903 . Considerable progress has been achieved in developing successful orbital decompression techniques with regard to functional and cosmetic outcome. Decompression techniques with resection of the bony orbital walls are adequate tools in restoring visual acuity and reducing exophthalmus. A considerable degree of @entity1319 has been described in the literature depending on the techniques being used. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a modified technique of 3-wall orbital decompression with preservation of a medial part of the periorbital tissue to support the medial rectus muscle, is able to reduce the postoperative risk of @entity892 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A modified technique of orbital 3-wall decompression with resection of the medial orbital wall, the medial orbital floor and the floor of the frontal sinus has been used in @entity1 with @entity1781 (n = 20) and for cosmetic reasons (n = 7) in cases of uni- or bilateral proptosis. Analysis of the results was performed concerning visual outcome, @entity353 and development of horizontal and vertical motility changes. RESULTS: In all cases of @entity1781 improvement of visual function at an average of 4.63 +/- 4.5 lines could be achieved. @entity353 was 3.2 +/- 2.4 mm in the functional group and 3.9 +/- 1.7 mm in the rehabilitative group. In this group motility of the medial rectus muscle remained unaffected except in one eye. In the functional group motility deterioration was observed in 62 %. CONCLUSION: The modified 3-wall decompression technique with preservation of a medial periorbital tissue strip is an adequate alternative technique in the therapy of @entity1781 and exophthalmus @entity4903 with a low risk of @entity1319 .

title: [Development of @entity1319 following modified 3-wall decompression of the orbita in XXXX for functional and rehabilitative indication].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4903 :: (MESH:D004700,Disease) :: ['endocrine orbitopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal response to rapid changes in arterial @entity26 tension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) was carried out in five male @entity35 anesthetized with @entity1372 Pentobarbital. @entity35 were subjected to different durations of @entity386 as a rapid, graded, and reversible @entity519 -hypercapnic stimulus. Dynamics of the BOLD signal response were studied on a pixel-by-pixel basis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, third ventricle, and thalamus in the @entity35 brain. RESULTS: @entity386 induced a BOLD signal drop in all the brain regions studied, the magnitude of which increased with longer durations of the stimulus. The signal recovered to preapnic baseline levels after resumption of normal ventilation. Regional variation in the BOLD signal dynamics was observed with the magnitude of the BOLD signal change in the hippocampus being the least, followed by a relatively larger change in the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. The time (t(0)) for the signal change after the onset of the stimulus was estimated for every pixel. Time delay maps generated show the highest onset time values in the hippocampus followed by the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. CONCLUSION: The regional dynamics of the BOLD signal in the brain in response to @entity386 may vary depending on the rate of @entity26 metabolism in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF).

title: Regional dynamics of the fMRI-BOLD signal response to XXXX -hypercapnia in the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal response to rapid changes in arterial @entity26 tension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional MR imaging (fMRI) was carried out in five male @entity35 anesthetized with @entity1372 Pentobarbital. @entity35 were subjected to different durations of @entity386 as a rapid, graded, and reversible @entity519 -hypercapnic stimulus. Dynamics of the BOLD signal response were studied on a pixel-by-pixel basis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, third ventricle, and thalamus in the @entity35 brain. RESULTS: @entity386 induced a BOLD signal drop in all the brain regions studied, the magnitude of which increased with longer durations of the stimulus. The signal recovered to preapnic baseline levels after resumption of normal ventilation. Regional variation in the BOLD signal dynamics was observed with the magnitude of the BOLD signal change in the hippocampus being the least, followed by a relatively larger change in the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. The time (t(0)) for the signal change after the onset of the stimulus was estimated for every pixel. Time delay maps generated show the highest onset time values in the hippocampus followed by the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and third ventricle. CONCLUSION: The regional dynamics of the BOLD signal in the brain in response to @entity386 may vary depending on the rate of @entity26 metabolism in addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF).

title: Regional dynamics of the fMRI-BOLD signal response to @entity519 -hypercapnia in the XXXX brain.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined socioeconomic and ethnic differences in use of lipid-lowering drugs after deregulation of @entity3413 in the UK for adults with moderate or high risk of @entity301 . METHODS: 3631 @entity1 in the @entity1605 (mean age 62.7 years, 91% white) were informed of their risk of @entity301 , based on Framingham score, before deregulation (2002-2004). The use of prescribed lipid-lowering drugs and use of over-the-counter @entity3413 were analysed as outcome variables, after deregulation (2005-2007). RESULTS: 2451 @entity1 were at high risk and 1180 at moderate risk. 20% moderate-risk and 44% high-risk @entity1 reported using prescribed lipid-lowering drugs although no over-the-counter @entity3413 was used. Prescribing rates did not differ between employment grades (an index of socioeconomic position), but was higher among South Asian high-risk compared with White high-risk @entity1 (odds ratio 1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.23). Of the high-risk @entity1 , 44% recalled their increased @entity301 risk. South Asian high-risk @entity1 were less likely to recall than White high-risk @entity1 (odds ratio 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.93). Furthermore, high risk @entity1 with middle (odds ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89) and low (odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.74) employment grades were less likely to recall than those with high grades. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in reported use of lipid-lowering drugs were small, but the use of these drugs in general was much lower than recommended and the @entity1 did not utilise over-the-counter statins. Ethnic minorities and lower socioeconomic position groups were less likely to be aware of their increased coronary risk.

title: Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in use of lipid-lowering drugs after deregulation of XXXX in the UK: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Whitehall II cohort study']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: Inquiries were sent to practising Austrian anesthesiologists to ascertain their premedication-prescribing habits and their assessment of premedicants that they received as @entity1 . The 143 replies received showed @entity6882 / @entity4489 (M/P) as most used n = 83 and received (n = 54) drug (combination), followed by @entity3575 / @entity6918 (F/D) n = 33 (n = 21), @entity1245 (BZ) n = 17 (n = 10) and several other drugs (combinations) n = 10 (n = 14). There was no significant difference in the premedication habits of the 82 anesthesiologists who had received premedication and those (61) who had no personal experience with premedicants. The former judged M/P to be significantly superior to F/D and other schemes; however there was no significant difference from the judgement of the BZ. Unpleasant side effects have been described in 9% of M/P, 10% of BZ, 24% of F/D and 21% of other premedicants. On future occasions 10% of BZ-, 13% of the M/P-, 24% F/D- and 21%-receivers of other combinations would reject the same drug. Seven F/D and five M/P users converted their prescription schemes after they had received the same drug for their own premedication. The prescription habits were not influenced by dependency on departmental or hospital orders. Of those who had received it 75% desired premedication and 25% accepted premedication, suggesting that anesthesiologists believe in the positive effects of premedication. However, the overall incidence of 10% unpleasant side effects, even in the better ranked drugs, shows that the available premedicants do not yet seem to be satisfactory.

title: Premedication administered to anesthesiologists as XXXX : their evaluations of its effect and its influence on premedication prescribing habits.

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complete @entity616 is a significant clinical problem that can limit the quality of life in affected @entity1 . To understand the pathophysiology of this condition and provide for development of novel therapies, we sought to establish a large animal model of permanent, pacemaker-dependent @entity713 ( @entity713 ) that mimics the size and growth characteristics of pediatric @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized nine immature @entity742 weighing 10.5    1.4 kg. After implantation of dual-chamber pacemaker devices with fixed leads, @entity713 was produced by interrupting His-bundle conduction using radio-frequency ablation at the base of the non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve. Ablations (30 to 60 s in duration) were performed under fluoroscopic guidance with electrophysiological monitoring. Interrogation of pacemakers and electrocardiography (ECG) determined the persistence of @entity616 . Ovine hearts were also examined immunohistochemically for localization of conduction tissue. RESULTS: @entity713 was produced in eight animals using an atypical approach from the left side of the heart. One animal died due to @entity2224 during ablation proximal to the tricuspid annulus and one lamb was sacrificed postoperatively due to @entity64 . Four @entity742 were kept for long-term follow-up (109.8    32.9 d) and required continuous ventricular pacing attributable to lasting @entity713 , despite significant increases in body weight and size. CONCLUSIONS: We have created a large animal model of @entity616 that is stable and technically practicable. We anticipate that this lamb model will allow for advancement of cell-based and other innovative treatments to repair complete @entity616 in @entity1 .

title: Development of an ovine model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'AVB']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block', 'pediatric complete heart block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['pediatric complete heart block']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a @entity10521 derivative (C-18) with previously reported anti-angiogenic properties limits @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) formation in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity3483 was generated by intrapleural injection of @entity19 @entity420 cells in C57BL/6 @entity19 . Animals were divided into three groups, a control group and two treatment groups receiving intraperitoneally a daily dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg of C-18 for a total of 12 doses. @entity19 were sacrificed on day 14. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pleural fluid volume and the number of @entity5 implantations were measured. @entity5 angiogenesis, @entity455 and the host @entity32 response were also assessed. C-18 significantly limited pleural fluid formation and inhibited @entity5 . The mean  SEM pleural fluid volume was 758  63  l for the control group, compared to 492  120  l (p=0.042) and 279  77  l (p<0.001) for the low dose and high dose group of C-18, respectively. Control group animals had 6.2  1 @entity5 , while C-18 treated animals had 3.1  0.8 (p=0.014) and 3  0.7 (p=0.009) for the low and high dose respectively. In addition C-18 significantly suppressed @entity455 . No significant difference in @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity32 response was observed, while there was also no measurable effect in @entity5 cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: C-18 halted experimental @entity3483 formation and @entity5 , through down-regulation of @entity455 .

title: A sulindac analogue is effective against XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['pleural vascular permeability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrapleural tumor dissemination', 'tumor', 'intrapleural tumors', 'Tumor', 'pleural tumor']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether a @entity10521 derivative (C-18) with previously reported anti-angiogenic properties limits @entity3483 ( @entity3483 ) formation in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity3483 was generated by intrapleural injection of @entity19 @entity420 cells in C57BL/6 @entity19 . Animals were divided into three groups, a control group and two treatment groups receiving intraperitoneally a daily dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg of C-18 for a total of 12 doses. @entity19 were sacrificed on day 14. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pleural fluid volume and the number of @entity5 implantations were measured. @entity5 angiogenesis, @entity455 and the host @entity32 response were also assessed. C-18 significantly limited pleural fluid formation and inhibited @entity5 . The mean  SEM pleural fluid volume was 758  63  l for the control group, compared to 492  120  l (p=0.042) and 279  77  l (p<0.001) for the low dose and high dose group of C-18, respectively. Control group animals had 6.2  1 @entity5 , while C-18 treated animals had 3.1  0.8 (p=0.014) and 3  0.7 (p=0.009) for the low and high dose respectively. In addition C-18 significantly suppressed @entity455 . No significant difference in @entity5 angiogenesis and @entity32 response was observed, while there was also no measurable effect in @entity5 cell apoptosis and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: C-18 halted experimental @entity3483 formation and @entity5 , through down-regulation of @entity455 .

title: A sulindac analogue is effective against @entity3483 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data describing the epidemiology of adult-onset @entity161 in the United States. Although the military is not proportionately comparable in all demographic characteristics to the civilian population, it is drawn from all racial/ethnic subgroups, and members range in age from 17 to >60 years. We describe the incidence of hospitalization for new onset @entity161 among military members by sex, race, and age. METHODS: Using military inpatient data, we evaluated patterns of initial hospitalizations for @entity161 among military personnel for 2000-2009, focusing on sex, race, and age. No individual-level data were available. RESULTS: From 2000-2009, 1976 military personnel had a first @entity161 hospitalization, with an overall incidence rate of 0.14/1000 @entity1 -years. There were no consistent changes in rates over time. While overall incidence rates were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.10), rates were higher among @entity1 than @entity1 below age 25; after 25-30 rates were higher among @entity1 . Incidence was higher among blacks and other racial groups, with IRR=2.0 and 1.3, respectively. CONCLUSION: Medical screening of military applicants prevents @entity1 with overt or a reported history of @entity716 , and most with serious behavior problems, from enlisting; therefore, first hospitalization is likely to reflect new illness. No pre-military socioeconomic data were available, however, essentially all study subjects were high school graduates; unmeasured differences in socioeconomic status were unlikely to explain the observed results. This report may provide lower bound estimates of the @entity161 incidence in the United States.

title: Incidence of adult onset XXXX in the US military: patterns by sex, race and age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic disorders', 'schizophrenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate if perioperative chest physiotherapy modifies the risk of @entity358 after lobectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: We have reviewed a prospectively recorded database of 784 @entity2 @entity1 treated by scheduled lobectomy (361 operated after implementing a new physiotherapy program). No other changes were introduced in the @entity1 ' perioperative management during the study period. A propensity matching score was generated for all eligible @entity1 and two logistic models were constructed and adjusted. The first one (model A) included age of the @entity1 , forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (FEV1%) and predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (ppoFEV1%); for the second model (model B); chest physiotherapy was added to the previous ones. Using each model, @entity1 ' individual probability of postoperative complication was calculated and maintained in the database as a new variable (risk A and risk B). Individual risks calculated by both models were plotted on a time series and presented in two different graphs. RESULTS: Rates of @entity358 were 15.5% before the intensive physiotherapy program and 4.7% for @entity1 included in the implemented program (p = 0.000). The propensity score identified 359 pairs of @entity1 . Model A included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and ppoFEV1% (p = 0.031) as prognostic variables. Model B included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and physiotherapy (p = 0.000). On graphic representation, a great decrease of the estimated risk could be seen after the onset of the physiotherapy program. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a program of perioperative intensive chest physiotherapy reduced the overall @entity358 after lobectomy for @entity2 .

title: Chest physiotherapy revisited: evaluation of its influence on the XXXX after pulmonary resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary morbidity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). Juvenile @entity5660 were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80  kg  m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as @entity70024 , LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity14555 , @entity25073 and IFN-y1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum @entity701 , ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and @entity880 were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10  kg  m(-3), D2: 40  kg  m(-3) and D3: 80  kg  m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. @entity70024 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P  <  0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity14555 , @entity25073 and IFN-y1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P  <  0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, @entity701 and @entity880 level showed significant density-dependent increase (P  <  0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P  <  0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P  <  0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against @entity1678 , IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P  <  0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in @entity70024 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.

title: Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of XXXX ( @entity5660 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Onchorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ). Juvenile @entity5660 were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80  kg  m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as @entity70024 , LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity14555 , @entity25073 and IFN-y1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum @entity701 , ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and @entity880 were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10  kg  m(-3), D2: 40  kg  m(-3) and D3: 80  kg  m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. @entity70024 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P  <  0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1a, @entity14555 , @entity25073 and IFN-y1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P  <  0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, @entity701 and @entity880 level showed significant density-dependent increase (P  <  0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P  <  0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P  <  0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against @entity1678 , IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P  <  0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in @entity70024 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.

title: Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: @entity146 in captive @entity2608 can range from active whole-body and self-directed stereotypies to self-injurious behavior (SIB). Although @entity146 are common in singly-housed @entity2608 , the type and frequency of these behaviors are highly variable across individual animals, and the factors influencing them are equally varied. The purpose of this investigation was to survey @entity146 in a large population of @entity2608 , to characterize the relationship between stereotypies and self-injury, and to identify potential risk factors for these aberrant behaviors. Behavioral assessments of 362 individually housed @entity2608 were collected at the New England Regional Primate Research Center (NERPRC) and combined with colony records. Of the 362 animals surveyed, 321 exhibited at least one @entity146 (mean: 2.3, range: 1-8). The most common behavior was pacing. Sex differences were apparent, with males showing more @entity146 than females. SIB was also associated with stereotypies. Animals with a veterinary record of self-injury exhibited a greater number of self-directed stereotypies than those that did not self-injure. Housing and protocol conditions, such as individual housing at an early age, longer time housed individually, greater number of blood draws, and nursery rearing, were shown to be risk factors for @entity146 . Thus, many factors may influence the development and maintenance of @entity146 in captive primates. Some of these factors are intrinsic to the individual (e.g., sex effects), whereas others are related to colony management practices, rearing conditions, and research protocols.

title: Stereotypic and self-injurious behavior in XXXX : a survey and retrospective analysis of environment and early experience.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behaviors', 'Abnormal behavior', 'abnormal behavior']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: @entity519 is known to act as a general stimulator of cells derived from marrow precursors. We investigated the effect of @entity26 tension on the formation and function of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bore resorption, which are of promonocytic origin. Using 7- and 13-day cultures of @entity19 marrow cells on ivory discs, we found that reducing @entity26 tension from the ambient atmospheric level of 20% by increasing the proportion of @entity1568 caused progressive increases in the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and resorption pits. Peak effects occurred in 2% @entity26 , where stimulations of resorption up to 21-fold were measured. Significant stimulations of osteoclast formation and resorption were observed even in severely @entity519 cultures gassed with 0.2% @entity26 . Short-term cultures of cells disaggregated from @entity35 bones indicated that @entity519 did not alter the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts, but reduced their survival or adherence. In 3-day organ cultures of @entity19 calvarial bones, exposure to 2% @entity26 resulted in maximal, fivefold stimulation of osteoclast-mediated @entity460 release, an effect equivalent to that of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), a reference osteolytic agent. @entity519 also caused a moderate @entity520 in @entity9332 , presumably as a result of increased anaerobic metabolism; this observation is significant because osteoclast activation is dependent on extracellular acidification. Our experiments reveal a previously-overlooked mechanism of considerable potential importance for the regulation of @entity79 . These findings may help explain the @entity604 associated with a wide range of pathological states involving local or systemic @entity519 , and emphasize the importance of the vasculature in bone.

title: XXXX is a major stimulator of osteoclast formation and bone resorption.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial cultures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: Discovery of the B cell lymphoma gene 2 ( @entity588 gene) led to the concept that development of @entity5 required the simultaneous acquisition, not only of deregulated cell division, but also of resistance to programmed cell death or apoptosis. Apoptosis is arguably the common pathway to cell death resulting from a range of therapeutic initiatives, so that understanding the basis for the resistance of @entity5 cells to apoptosis may hold the key to development of new treatment initiatives. Much has already been learnt about the apoptotic pathways in @entity5 cells and proteins regulating these pathways. In most cells, apoptosis is dependent on the mitochondrial dependent pathway. This pathway is regulated by pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the @entity588 family, and manipulation of these proteins offers scope for a number of treatment initiatives. Effector caspases activated by the mitochondrial pathway or from death receptor signaling are under the control of the @entity23996 ( @entity23996 ) family. Certain proteins from mitochondrial can, however, competitively inhibit their binding to effector caspases. Information about the structure of these proteins has led to initiatives to develop therapeutic agents to block the @entity23996 family. In addition to development of selective agents based on these two ( @entity588 and @entity23996 ) protein families, much has been learnt about signal pathways that may regulate their activity. These in turn might provide additional approaches based on selective regulators of the signal pathways.

title: Overcoming resistance of XXXX cells to apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity23996 :: ('84061', 'Gene') :: ['inhibitor of apoptosis protein', 'IAP']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity5176 inhibit bacterial type II DNA topoisomerases (e.g. DNA gyrase) and are among the most important antibiotics in current use. However, their efficacy is now being threatened by various plasmid-mediated resistance determinants. Of these, the pentapeptide repeat-containing (PRP) Qnr proteins are believed to act as DNA mimics and are particularly prevalent in gram-negative bacteria. @entity1131 are also present in numerous environmental bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that one such, @entity1678 AhQnr, is soluble, stable, and relieves @entity1536 inhibition of @entity526 DNA gyrase, thus providing an appropriate model system for gram-negative Qnr proteins. The AhQnr crystal structure, the first for any gram-negative Qnr, reveals two prominent loops (1 and 2) that project from the PRP structure. Deletion mutagenesis demonstrates that both contribute to protection of @entity526 DNA gyrase from @entity5176 . Sequence comparisons indicate that these are likely to be present across the full range of gram-negative Qnr proteins. On this basis we present a model for the AhQnr:DNA gyrase interaction where loop1 interacts with the gyrase A 'tower' and loop2 with the gyrase B TOPRIM domains. We propose this to be a general mechanism directing the interactions of Qnr proteins with DNA gyrase in gram-negative bacteria.

title: Structural insights into XXXX antibiotic resistance mediated by pentapeptide repeat proteins: conserved surface loops direct the activity of a Qnr protein from a gram-negative bacterium.

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones', 'quinolones']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['Predicted Qnr-like proteins']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: We report on 2 @entity1 with bilateral @entity8880 treated in the last 5 years. One @entity1 underwent bilateral partial nephrectomy for a solitary @entity5 in each kidney. Both @entity5 were confirmed to be @entity8880 by light and electron microscopic examination. After 4 years this @entity1 had no evidence of local recurrence or distal metastasis. The second @entity1 presented with bilateral multiple @entity8880 . Transabdominal bilateral renal exploration revealed 2 @entity5 in the right kidney and 3 @entity5 in the left kidney. Right radical nephrectomy and enucleation of the @entity703 were performed. Examination by light and electron microscopy confirmed that all @entity5 from both kidneys were @entity1637 . Only 8 cases of bilateral @entity8880 have been reported in the literature, including our 2 cases. In 6 of these 8 cases the @entity5 were multicentric, which may be a characteristic of bilateral @entity8880 . Recognizing the coexistence of multicentricity and bilaterality is important because more conservative treatment is required. However, a favorable prognosis may still be anticipated.

title: XXXX : report of 2 cases and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8880 :: ('MESH:C537750', 'Disease') :: ['renal oncocytomas', 'renal oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['left renal tumors']

answer: @entity8880 :: (MESH:C537750,Disease) :: ['Bilateral renal oncocytoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) account for approximately 8% of all @entity1313 and nearly 80% of @entity5513 . Spontaneous intratumoral @entity548 (ITH) remains a rare entity with only 10 published reports existing in the international literature. In the present case, we discuss the clinical presentation, radiographic evaluation and management of a 66-year-old male with a histologically confirmed spontaneous hemorrhagic @entity5513 . STUDY DESIGN: Case Report. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. RESULTS: A 66-year-old male with a history of prodromal left sided @entity1274 presented for evaluation after experiencing a rapid onset severe left sided @entity10 , projectile vomiting and vertigo that woke him from sleep. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left sided 2 X 2 cm cerebellopontine angle mass consistent with a @entity5513 . Local mass effect resulted in 4th ventricle effacement and @entity1276 . Areas of T2 hypointensity and corresponding increased attenuation on CT confirmed an acute ITH. Hematology and coagulation laboratory studies were normal. The @entity1 subsequently underwent a left suboccipital craniotomy with complete resection of a histologically confirmed hemorrhagic @entity5513 . CONCLUSION: Spontaneous @entity548 into a @entity5513 is an extremely rare event. In contrast to the insidious progression typified by nonhemorrhagic VSs, those with gross intratumoral bleeding most often present with acute @entity129 and symptoms of @entity510 . In surgically fit @entity1 , we advocate urgent microsurgical resection. Simple observation with serial radiography may risk repeated @entity548 while the role of radiosurgery is not yet defined.

title: A XXXX presenting with rapid neurologic decline: a case report.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'all cerebellopontine angle tumors', 'Vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: Results of case-control studies of mobile phone use and @entity5513 have been inconsistent. We conducted a case-case study of mobile phone use and @entity5513 using a self-administered postal questionnaire. A total of 1589 cases identified in 22 hospitals throughout Japan were invited to participate, and 787 cases (51%) actually participated. Associations between laterality of mobile phone use prior to the reference dates (1 and 5 years before diagnosis) and @entity5 location were analyzed. The overall risk ratio was 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-1.28) for regular mobile phone use until 1 year before diagnosis and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.96-1.40) for regular mobile phone use until 5 years before diagnosis. A significantly increased risk was identified for mobile phone use for >20   min/day on average, with risk ratios of 2.74 at 1 year before diagnosis, and 3.08 at 5 years before diagnosis. Cases with ipsilateral combination of @entity5 location and more frequently used ear were found to have @entity5 with smaller diameters, suggesting an effect of detection bias. Furthermore, analysis of the distribution of left and right @entity5 suggested an effect of @entity5 -side-related recall bias for recall of mobile phone use at 5 years before diagnosis. The increased risk identified for mobile phone users with average call duration >20   min/day should be interpreted with caution, taking into account the possibilities of detection and recall biases. However, we could not conclude that the increased risk was entirely explicable by these biases, leaving open the possibility that mobile phone use increased the risk of @entity5513 .

title: A case-case study of mobile phone use and XXXX risk in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perioperative management and the results of surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 . METHODS: The clinical data were analysed retrospectively from 42 @entity1 with @entity3083 associated with @entity6 who were surgically treated between July 2001 and January 2009. There were 22 males and 20 females with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 41-78 years). The disease duration was 4-18 months (mean, 7.5 months). The involved vertebrae included 2 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 17 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 10 lumbar vertebrae. Of them, 18 @entity1 complicated by @entity451 , and 25 @entity1 had more than one of concomitant diseases. Anterior debridement and bony grafting with anterior instrumentation fixation were performed in 16 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior instrumentation fixation in 4 @entity1 ; posterolateral costotransversectomy debridement and interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation fixation in 8 @entity1 ; posterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior fixation in 7 @entity1 ; sinus resectomy and focus debridement in 2 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting in 3 @entity1 ; and CT guided percutaneous catheter drainage in 2 patients. Postoperative anti- @entity378 treatment was given for 12-24 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up 1.5-5.0 years, with a mean period of 3.5 years. One @entity1 died of @entity358 after 1 week of operation; 1 @entity1 died of @entity583 after 2 years of operation; and other @entity1 survived without @entity378 recurrence. Among 38 @entity1 who received bony grafting, 34 @entity1 achieved bony fusion, 3 suffered bony grafting failure without @entity85 or instability except 1 @entity1 who died from @entity358 . Among 18 cases complicated by @entity451 , nerve function improved to a certain extent. The intraoperative and @entity260 occurred in 28 cases. The systemic complications mainly included @entity299 in 5, @entity943 in 3, @entity358 in 2, @entity293 in 2, and stree ulcer in 1; they were cured after medical treatment. The local complications mainly included sinus tract formation in 5, pleural tear in 2, @entity16 in 2, intraoperative tear of inferior vena cava in 2, and the loosening of transpedicular screws in 4; they all were cured effectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 appears to be a beneficial procedure on the condition that the blood @entity413 is controlled and the associated @entity260 are properly handled, and reasonably selection of surgical procedures is very important. Instrumentation fixation provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'disorders and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['heart arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perioperative management and the results of surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 . METHODS: The clinical data were analysed retrospectively from 42 @entity1 with @entity3083 associated with @entity6 who were surgically treated between July 2001 and January 2009. There were 22 males and 20 females with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 41-78 years). The disease duration was 4-18 months (mean, 7.5 months). The involved vertebrae included 2 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 17 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 10 lumbar vertebrae. Of them, 18 @entity1 complicated by @entity451 , and 25 @entity1 had more than one of concomitant diseases. Anterior debridement and bony grafting with anterior instrumentation fixation were performed in 16 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior instrumentation fixation in 4 @entity1 ; posterolateral costotransversectomy debridement and interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation fixation in 8 @entity1 ; posterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior fixation in 7 @entity1 ; sinus resectomy and focus debridement in 2 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting in 3 @entity1 ; and CT guided percutaneous catheter drainage in 2 patients. Postoperative anti- @entity378 treatment was given for 12-24 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up 1.5-5.0 years, with a mean period of 3.5 years. One @entity1 died of @entity358 after 1 week of operation; 1 @entity1 died of @entity583 after 2 years of operation; and other @entity1 survived without @entity378 recurrence. Among 38 @entity1 who received bony grafting, 34 @entity1 achieved bony fusion, 3 suffered bony grafting failure without @entity85 or instability except 1 @entity1 who died from @entity358 . Among 18 cases complicated by @entity451 , nerve function improved to a certain extent. The intraoperative and @entity260 occurred in 28 cases. The systemic complications mainly included @entity299 in 5, @entity943 in 3, @entity358 in 2, @entity293 in 2, and stree ulcer in 1; they were cured after medical treatment. The local complications mainly included sinus tract formation in 5, pleural tear in 2, @entity16 in 2, intraoperative tear of inferior vena cava in 2, and the loosening of transpedicular screws in 4; they all were cured effectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 appears to be a beneficial procedure on the condition that the blood @entity413 is controlled and the associated @entity260 are properly handled, and reasonably selection of surgical procedures is very important. Instrumentation fixation provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with @entity935 at 200 micrograms . @entity1009 and 400 micrograms . @entity1009 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ), @entity452 250 micrograms . @entity1009 and 500 micrograms . @entity1009 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ) and @entity3044 2 micrograms . @entity1009 micrograms . @entity1009 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ). @entity3044 at 2 micrograms . @entity1009 , produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left @entity64 work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . @entity1009 a significant increase in @entity64 volume, mixed venous @entity26 tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. @entity935 at 200 micrograms . @entity1009 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous @entity26 tension and at 400 micrograms . @entity1009 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right @entity64 work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial @entity26 tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of XXXX , @entity452 and @entity3044 in the treatment of shock.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 in shock, defined as being present if the mean arterial blood pressure was less than 60 mm Hg, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure was 15 mm Hg or greater, urine output was 20 ml or less for 2 consecutive hours, and there was clinical evidence of poor peripheral perfusion, underwent a comparative therapeutic trial with @entity935 at 200 micrograms . @entity1009 and 400 micrograms . @entity1009 (2.5-5.5 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ), @entity452 250 micrograms . @entity1009 and 500 micrograms . @entity1009 (3.5-7 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ) and @entity3044 2 micrograms . @entity1009 micrograms . @entity1009 (0.025-0.055 micrograms . kg-1 . @entity1009 ). @entity3044 at 2 micrograms . @entity1009 , produced a significant increase in pulse rate, cardiac output, left @entity64 work index and decrease in mean pulmonary blood pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and at 4 micrograms . @entity1009 a significant increase in @entity64 volume, mixed venous @entity26 tension and decrease in right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance was also observed. @entity935 at 200 micrograms . @entity1009 produced a significant increase in cardiac output, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and mixed venous @entity26 tension and at 400 micrograms . @entity1009 a significant increase in pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure mean pulmonary blood pressure, right @entity64 work index, right atrial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and decrease in arterial @entity26 tension was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity935 , @entity452 and XXXX in the treatment of shock.

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']