abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1764 after sternotomy carries a very high mortality, especially in @entity1 receiving immunosuppressive treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the data for @entity1 who had undergone cardiopulmonary transplantation between May 1985 and December 2000 was undertaken. A total of 776 @entity1 had either a median sternotomy or a transverse sternotomy through a clam-shell incision. Transplantations were as follows: 591 heart (3 simultaneous heart and renal, and 1 heart and liver), 126 bilateral sequential lung, 57 heart-lung, 1 en bloc double-lung, and 1 heart and single-lung. RESULTS: In all, 21 (2.7%) recipients had @entity1764 . Of these, 14 had heart, 3 heart-lung, and 4 bilateral lung transplantation. There were 18 median and 3 transverse sternotomies. There were 6 deaths (28.6%). Treatment consisted of antibiotics alone in 2 @entity1 and subxiphisternal drainage in another 2 @entity1 . The sternum was reopened in 17 (80.95%) @entity1 , with debridement and primary closure alone in 5 of these 17 @entity1 and additional irrigation in the other 12. Those who had resternotomy, debridement, and substernal irrigation had a better outcome when compared with the outcomes of other modes of treatment (1 @entity204 among 12 @entity1 ) (p = 0.06). Age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, body mass index, time to diagnosis, and treatment did not differ between those who survived and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Early aggressive debridement with substernal irrigation is the best mode of treatment for @entity1 with posttransplantation @entity1764 .

title: XXXX in heart and lung transplantation: 15 years experience.

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis', 'Mediastinitis']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['Mediastinitis']


abstract: We report herein on a case strongly suspected of being @entity358 . A 22-year-old Indonesian @entity1 referred to our hospital presented with abnormal chest shadows upon medical examination. He had no symptoms. He did not have any pets nor did he eat raw beef or @entity1573 . Hematological examination revealed @entity1712 and elevation of @entity9416 . Chest computed tomography revealed 3 pulmonary nodules with the halo sign. We suspected a parasite infection and performed antiparasite antibody testing. @entity10130 was slightly positive on the screening test. As specific antibody against the larval excretory-secretory products of @entity5603 , measured at the National Institute of @entity166 , was positive (level 3 up to 8). Subsequently, the abnormal chest shadows disappeared. However, two months later, 2 pulmonary nodules with the halo sign reappeared in other places. Diagnostic therapy with @entity3753 was performed for 8 weeks. Mild @entity409 emerged during therapy, but it was within the allowed range. Thereafter, the results improved for the imaging findings, @entity1712 , serum @entity9416 level, and specific antibody. The antibody level became negative two months after the treatment had ended. We should consider @entity13871 in the differential diagnosis of migratory nodular shadows with the halo sign on chest computed tomography, and immunoserological testing is useful for the diagnosis.

title: [A Case Strongly Suspected of Being XXXX Showing Multiple Pulmonary Nodules with a Disappearing and Reappearing Halo Sign].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxocariasis']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['toxocariasis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Toxocariasis']


abstract: The nature of the platelet response to osmotic shock and its relationship to platelet viability were studied. Light absorbancy changes of @entity1 platelet concentrates exposed to @entity2421 were measured in a spectrophotometer: a sudden drop of light absorbancy was followed by a reversal of light absorbancy towards normal (reversal reaction). It was confirmed that the reversal reaction is a complex phenomenon dependent on the integrity of biochemical and enzymatic functions of the platelets. It was suppressed by glycolytic inhibitors and by SH-blocking agents. Ouabain had no immediate effect, but with prolonged incubation it depressed the reaction. Suspension of the platelets in a protein-free medium caused a rapid loss of the reversal reaction. Disappearance of the marginal bundle of microtubules by exposure to @entity3812 did not change the reaction leading to the hypothesis that microfibrils rather than the microtubules may have been responsible for the reversal reaction. The conclusion was derived that the reversal reaction is due to cell volume contraction for which integrity of the platelet contractile protein and energy availability are essential. Platelet storage at 4 degrees C or at 22 degrees C caused a progressive @entity308 of the reversal reaction which was more severe in platelets preserved at 4 C than in those preserved at 22 degrees C, and paralleled the loss of the platelet capacity to survive in vivo. Cryoprotective agents ( @entity3733 , @entity9106 and @entity653 ) partially inhibited the reversal reaction. Freezing with these agents caused a more severe @entity308 of the reaction. The least @entity308 was observed with 5 per cent @entity3733 . The results demonstrated that the reversal reaction is a valid and accurate in vitro indicator of in vivo platelet viability when the results to be compared are limited to a single method of storage. Usefulness of the reversal reaction is reduced when results obtained with different methods of storage are compared.

title: The platelet response to XXXX . Its value as an indicator of platelet viability after storage.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic shock']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity2421 :: (MESH:D009123,Disease) :: ['hypotonic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the most frequently encountered predisposing factors in relation to the etiology of @entity23029 in young adults and to compare these findings with similar studies. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The @entity1 included in this prospective study were those presenting for treatment of signs and symptoms of @entity23029 in the mandibular third molar area during an 8-year period from 1994 to 2001. A standard check sheet of subjective and objective observations was completed, and female @entity1 were asked about menstruation or pregnancy. Each @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity23029 was interviewed and observations were recorded. @entity1 were asked about the symptoms relating to the @entity23029 . @entity1 were divided into five 5-year age groups ranging from 16 to 40 years. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 2,151 @entity1 presented diagnosed cases of @entity23029 ; 932 (43.3%) @entity1 were male and 1,219 (56.7%) were female. The peak age of occurrence of @entity23029 varied from 21 to 25 years (55.2% of the @entity1 ). The incidence of @entity23029 was highest in September (207 [9.6%]), followed by April (181 [8.4%]); for subacute @entity23029 , the highest was in February (128 [5.95%]) and April (112 [5.2%]), followed by October (97 [4.5%]). The most frequently seen predisposing factor was @entity1729 in 815 (37.9%) @entity1 , followed by stress in 473 (22%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the @entity1729 was the most frequently predisposing factor, which could precipitate @entity23029 .

title: The predisposing factors of XXXX of mandibular third molars in a Jordanian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity23029 :: ('MESH:D010497', 'Disease') :: ['pericoronitis']

answer: @entity23029 :: (MESH:D010497,Disease) :: ['pericoronitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of a @entity736 ( @entity736 ) encapsulated @entity5648 stents (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Tempe, AZ) for treatment of hemodialysis-related central @entity432 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design was a single-center nonrandomized retrospective cohort of @entity1 from May 2004 to August 2009 for a total of 64 months. There were 14 @entity1 (mean age 60 years, range 50-83 years; 13 male, 1 female). All @entity1 had autogenous fistulas. All 14 @entity1 had central @entity432 and presented with clinical symptoms of the following: extremity swelling (14%, 2 of 14), extremity and face swelling (72%, 10 of 14), and face swelling/ @entity4 (14%, 2 of 14). There was evidence of @entity409 with decreased access flow in 36% (5 of 14) @entity1 . There were prior interventions or previous line placement at the site of the central @entity455 in all 14 @entity1 . Results were assessed by recurrence of clinical symptoms and function of the access circuit (National Kidney Foundation recommended criteria). RESULTS: Sixteen consecutive straight stent grafts were implanted in 14 @entity1 . Average treated lesion length was 5.0  cm (range, 0.9-7  cm). All 14 @entity1 had complete central @entity432 (100% stenosis). The central @entity432 were located as follows: right subclavian and brachiocephalic vein (21%, 3 of 14), right brachiocephalic vein (36%, 5 of 14), left brachiocephalic vein (36%, 5 of 14), and bilateral brachiocephalic vein (7%, 1 of 14). A total of 16 PTFE stent grafts were placed. Ten- or 12-mm-diameter PTFE stent grafts were placed. The average stent length was 6.1  cm (range, 4-8  cm). Technical (deployment), anatomic (<30% residual stenosis), clinical (resolution of symptoms), and hemodynamic (resolution of @entity409 ) success were 100%. At 3, 6, and 9  months, primary patency of the treated area and access circuit were 100% (14 of 14). CONCLUSIONS: This PTFE encapsulated stent graft demonstrates encouraging intermediate-term patency results for central vein occlusions. Further prospective studies with long-term assessment and larger @entity1 populations will be required.

title: Use of PTFE stent grafts for hemodialysis-related central XXXX : intermediate-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion', 'venous occlusions']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusions']


abstract: The practice in the @entity146 division of Kitasato University East Hospital and Kitasato University Hospital has been emphasizing community psychiatry. The problems and proposed solutions are discussed. 1. Both hospitals are core hospitals located in Sagamihara City (Kanagawa Prefecture), which has no municipal hospital. 2. Kitasato University East Hospital has 94 beds in two closed wards and is one of the hospitals designated for @entity146 emergencies in Kanagawa Prefecture. 3. Over the last 10 years aroud Sagamihara City, cooperation between @entity146 hospitals and outpatient clinics, the treatment of @entity1 with mental and physical diseases, improvement of the quality of @entity146 practice, emergency psychiatry, and imbalances in the incomes and workloads of psychiatrists have been problematic. 4. Problems that need to be solved in practice to treat @entity308 involve inappropriate pharmacotherapy, disease mongering (the practice of widening the diagnostic boundaries of illnesses in order to expand the markets for drug treatment), clinical skills of psychiatrists, profitability, and medical institutions which cannot cope with regular @entity1 in an emergency. 5. Up to now, we have established a consulting service ("Second opinion" clinic) at Sagamihara Mental Health and Welfare Center (Municipal institution), recommended @entity1 ' consultation with family pharmacists, and increased the frequency of conferences for doctors without the support of pharmaceutical companies. 6. In order to develop community @entity146 services for @entity1 with @entity308 , the author is preparing a community-based critical path for @entity308 as well as community-based treatment network in the Sagamihara area. 7. The author believes that the urgent issue necessitates transparency and the increased visibility of @entity146 services.

title: [Practice of Community Psychiatry for the Treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe voice, speech and @entity4939 in @entity1 with Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study. @entity1 with @entity244 were interviewed and physically explored. Nasolaryngeal endoscopy, video laryngeal stroboscopy, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and computerized voice spectrographic analysis (PRAAT   software) of voice and speech were also performed. RESULTS: We included 31 @entity1 (96.7% @entity1 ). Average time of evolution was 5 years; mean age was 48.4 years. Of these @entity244 cases, 87% were secondary and 13% primary. Symptomatology: 70.9% @entity1282 , 41.9% @entity7364 , 35.4% dysglossia, 3.2% @entity4653 . We found abnormalities principally in: one or more cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X, XII) (67.7%), nasopharyngolaryngeal mucosa (77.4%), mucosal wave of vocal cords (90%), swallowing mechanism (90.3%), spectrogram of the vowels /e/ (58.06%) and /i/ (51.61%), and rhythm of the trisyllable "pataka" (35.48%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity244 have voice, speech and @entity4939 , not only associated to xerosis, but perhaps also to @entity16 , probably secondary to the syndrome.

title: [Alterations in voice, speech and swallowing in XXXX with Sj  gren's syndrome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's Syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reactive @entity26 species are a mediator of kidney damage by contrast media, and green tea is a potent-free radical scavenger. This study was designed to examine whether green tea could protect against the nephrotoxicity induced by contrast media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity35 were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was control; group 2 received contrast medium (intravenous @entity7568 , 10 mL/kg, as a single dose); group 3 received contrast medium and then green tea extract for 3 days (10 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal); and group 4 first received green tea and then contrast medium. Histological changes (degeneration, vacuolization of tubular renal cells, dilatation of tubular lumen, and presence of debris in the lumens) were assessed and recorded as scores from zero to 4. The sum of scores were used as the @entity8 level. RESULTS: Groups 3 and 4 with green tea treatment had significantly higher overall scores than the control group, but significantly lower scores than group 2 with contrast medium only. A similar trend was seen for dilatation and degeneration levels. Vacuolization level was not significantly lower in the green tea groups as compared to the contrast medium group. Debris level was not significantly lower in group 3 than group 2. The differences were not significant between groups 3 and 4.    Conclusions. We observed beneficial effect of green tea against nephrotoxicity of contrast media. Green tea extract may offer an inexpensive and nontoxic intervention strategy in @entity1 with a risk for nephrotoxicity with contrast media.

title: Ameliorative Effect of Green Tea Against Contrast-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['overal renal injury']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Tubular Cell Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of specific types of @entity1082 ), and the association with possible risk factors, among female university students at university in Honduras. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, cervical samples from 400 @entity1 aged 18-35years were tested using a Roche HPV linear array to differentiate 37 genotypes of HPV. Associations with risk factors were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 400 @entity1 , 393 completed the study. HPV DNA was detected in 45% of these @entity1 , of whom 73% were infected with high-risk types of HPV and 46% had @entity281 . Overall, 36 HPV genotypes were identified, of which HPV types 16, 51, 84, 66, and 39 were the most common. There was a marked decrease in the prevalence of multiple and high-risk infections with age. The factors that were independently associated with risk of being infected were related to @entity146 . CONCLUSION: The study showed that genital @entity1083 is common among sexually active @entity1 at university in Honduras. In addition, the Roche linear array was shown to be a valuable tool for HPV genotyping, which will be useful for monitoring the future effectiveness of an HPV vaccine in the population.

title: Assessment of XXXX among female university students in Honduras via Roche linear array.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior and smoking habits']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The addition of a chemotherapy drug or drugs to an established regimen is one method used to increase the dose and intensity of treatment for @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of adding one or more chemotherapy drugs to an established regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity0 Group's Specialised Register (to August 2009) using the codes for "advanced @entity0 " and "chemotherapy". This review is an update of the original Cochrane Review (Issue 3, 2006). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials with a first line regimen of at least two chemotherapy drugs compared to the same regimen plus the addition of one or more chemotherapy drugs in @entity1 with @entity0 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors extracted data independently from published trials. We derived hazard ratios (HR) from time-to-event outcomes where possible, and used a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis. We analysed response rates as dichotomous variables and extracted @entity137 data where available. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 17 trials reporting on 22 treatment comparisons (2674 @entity1 randomised). Fifteen trials (20 treatment comparisons) reported results for @entity5 response and 11 trials (14 treatment comparisons) published time-to-event data for overall survival. There were 1532 deaths in 2116 @entity1 randomised to trials of the addition of a drug to the regimen and control (the regimen alone). There was no detectable difference in overall survival between these @entity1 , with an overall HR of 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 1.07, P = 0.47) and no significant heterogeneity. We found no difference in time to progression between these regimens, with an overall HR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.07, P = 0.31) and no significant heterogeneity. Addition of a drug to the regimen was favourably associated with @entity5 response rates (odds ratio 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.44, P = 0.04) although we observed significant heterogeneity for this outcome across the trials. Where measured, acute @entity137 such as @entity1665 , @entity390 and @entity391 and @entity1210 were more common with the addition of a drug. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The addition of one or more drugs to the regimen shows a statistically significant advantage for @entity5 response in @entity1 with @entity0 but the results suggest no difference in survival time or time to progression. The positive effect on @entity5 response was also associated with increased @entity137 .

title: Addition of drug/s to a chemotherapy regimen for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'metastatic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['overall tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of L- and T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on interstitial @entity82 in chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubulointerstitial @entity82 is a common outcome of several progressive @entity8 . @entity460 channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of @entity101 with @entity8 ; however, the direct effect of @entity460 channel blockers on @entity8 independent of lowering blood pressure has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) vehicle control; (2) @entity594 , an L-type @entity460 channel blockers; and (3) @entity16002 , a T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers. Treatment was initiated 1 day before and continued until 6 days after creation of the UUO. RESULTS: Tubulointerstitial @entity82 in the obstructed kidney was significantly increased compared with that in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. Furthermore, the increased @entity82 was accompanied by increased fibrogenic signaling expressed by transforming growth factor b1 and @entity2528 mRNA levels, increased oxidative stress expressed by @entity42458 , @entity12614 and @entity8562 mRNA level. Moreover, treatment with a nonhypotensive dose of @entity16002 but not @entity594 in the obstructed kidney significantly suppressed the fibrogenic signaling and the oxidative stress, resulting in reduced tubulointerstitial @entity82 . The plasma @entity1369 level in @entity16002 -treated animals was increased compared with vehicle-treated animals, although not significantly. The increased plasma @entity1369 level did not increase @entity14357 mRNA level in @entity16002 but not in @entity594 treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity16002 improved tubulointerstitial @entity82 more effectively than treatment with @entity594 in UUO. The antifibrogenic effect by @entity16002 was obtained through suppression of fibrogenic signaling.

title: Inhibitory effects of T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on tubulointerstitial XXXX in obstructed kidneys in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16002 :: ('MESH:C066425', 'Chemical') :: ['efonidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2528 :: ('64032(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['connective tissue growth factor']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of L- and T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on interstitial @entity82 in chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubulointerstitial @entity82 is a common outcome of several progressive @entity8 . @entity460 channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of @entity101 with @entity8 ; however, the direct effect of @entity460 channel blockers on @entity8 independent of lowering blood pressure has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) vehicle control; (2) @entity594 , an L-type @entity460 channel blockers; and (3) @entity16002 , a T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers. Treatment was initiated 1 day before and continued until 6 days after creation of the UUO. RESULTS: Tubulointerstitial @entity82 in the obstructed kidney was significantly increased compared with that in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. Furthermore, the increased @entity82 was accompanied by increased fibrogenic signaling expressed by transforming growth factor b1 and @entity2528 mRNA levels, increased oxidative stress expressed by @entity42458 , @entity12614 and @entity8562 mRNA level. Moreover, treatment with a nonhypotensive dose of @entity16002 but not @entity594 in the obstructed kidney significantly suppressed the fibrogenic signaling and the oxidative stress, resulting in reduced tubulointerstitial @entity82 . The plasma @entity1369 level in @entity16002 -treated animals was increased compared with vehicle-treated animals, although not significantly. The increased plasma @entity1369 level did not increase @entity14357 mRNA level in @entity16002 but not in @entity594 treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity16002 improved tubulointerstitial @entity82 more effectively than treatment with @entity594 in UUO. The antifibrogenic effect by @entity16002 was obtained through suppression of fibrogenic signaling.

title: Inhibitory effects of T/L-type XXXX channel blockers on tubulointerstitial @entity82 in obstructed kidneys in @entity35 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of L- and T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on interstitial @entity82 in chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubulointerstitial @entity82 is a common outcome of several progressive @entity8 . @entity460 channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of @entity101 with @entity8 ; however, the direct effect of @entity460 channel blockers on @entity8 independent of lowering blood pressure has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) vehicle control; (2) @entity594 , an L-type @entity460 channel blockers; and (3) @entity16002 , a T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers. Treatment was initiated 1 day before and continued until 6 days after creation of the UUO. RESULTS: Tubulointerstitial @entity82 in the obstructed kidney was significantly increased compared with that in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. Furthermore, the increased @entity82 was accompanied by increased fibrogenic signaling expressed by transforming growth factor b1 and @entity2528 mRNA levels, increased oxidative stress expressed by @entity42458 , @entity12614 and @entity8562 mRNA level. Moreover, treatment with a nonhypotensive dose of @entity16002 but not @entity594 in the obstructed kidney significantly suppressed the fibrogenic signaling and the oxidative stress, resulting in reduced tubulointerstitial @entity82 . The plasma @entity1369 level in @entity16002 -treated animals was increased compared with vehicle-treated animals, although not significantly. The increased plasma @entity1369 level did not increase @entity14357 mRNA level in @entity16002 but not in @entity594 treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity16002 improved tubulointerstitial @entity82 more effectively than treatment with @entity594 in UUO. The antifibrogenic effect by @entity16002 was obtained through suppression of fibrogenic signaling.

title: Inhibitory effects of T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on tubulointerstitial @entity82 in obstructed kidneys in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate treatment outcome and prognostic factors after radiation therapy in @entity1 with @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-six @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity2946 were treated at the University Hospital of Heidelberg between 1985 and 2009. Forty-two @entity1 (64%) were pediatric ( <= 18 years), and 24 @entity1 (36%) were adults. @entity5 resection was performed in all @entity1 and was complete in 47%. All @entity1 underwent postoperative craniospinal irradiation (CSI) delivering a median craniospinal dose of 35.5 Gy with additional boosts to the posterior fossa up to 54.0 Gy. Forty-seven @entity1 received chemotherapy, including 21 in whom chemotherapy was administered before CSI. Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 93 months. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and local and distant progression-free survival (LPFS and DPFS) were 73%, 62%, and 77% at 60 months. Both local and distant recurrence predisposed for significantly reduced @entity1349 . Macroscopic complete tumor resection, desmoplastic histology and early initiation of postoperative radiation therapy within 28 days were associated with improved outcome. The addition of chemotherapy did not improve survival rates. @entity137 was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Complete resection of @entity2946 followed by CSI yields long survival rates in both @entity1 and adults. Delayed initiation of CSI is associated with poor outcome. @entity2269 histology is associated with improved survival. The role of chemotherapy, especially in the adult population, must be further investigated in clinical studies.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas', 'MB']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: AIMS: Postural @entity591 (POTS) is associated with @entity591 on orthostasis. @entity1 frequently report palpitations, @entity1163 , and @entity1295 . Conventional therapy is effective in less than 60%. Case reports suggest @entity15726 (a selective sinus node blocker, with no effect on blood pressure) may alleviate POTS-related symptoms. This is a retrospective case-series. METHODS AND RESULTS: Postural @entity591 @entity1 prescribed @entity15726 were identified from the pharmacy database. Case notes were reviewed and @entity1 completed a symptom assessment tool. Twenty-two @entity1 were identified. Data were available from 20. Eight @entity1 reported reduced @entity591 and @entity1295 and four reported only reduced @entity591 . The most common reason for discontinuing @entity15726 was lack of efficacy (n = 6). Five @entity1 reported side-effects resulting in two discontinuing treatment. CONCLUSION: This retrospective case series indicates that 60% of @entity1 treated with @entity15726 report a symptomatic improvement. A randomized controlled trial accessing the efficacy of @entity15726 in POTS is indicated, particularly in @entity1 resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional therapy.

title: Single centre experience of XXXX in postural @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

answer: @entity15726 :: (MESH:C088408,Chemical) :: ['ivabradine']


abstract: AIMS: Postural @entity591 (POTS) is associated with @entity591 on orthostasis. @entity1 frequently report palpitations, @entity1163 , and @entity1295 . Conventional therapy is effective in less than 60%. Case reports suggest @entity15726 (a selective sinus node blocker, with no effect on blood pressure) may alleviate POTS-related symptoms. This is a retrospective case-series. METHODS AND RESULTS: Postural @entity591 @entity1 prescribed @entity15726 were identified from the pharmacy database. Case notes were reviewed and @entity1 completed a symptom assessment tool. Twenty-two @entity1 were identified. Data were available from 20. Eight @entity1 reported reduced @entity591 and @entity1295 and four reported only reduced @entity591 . The most common reason for discontinuing @entity15726 was lack of efficacy (n = 6). Five @entity1 reported side-effects resulting in two discontinuing treatment. CONCLUSION: This retrospective case series indicates that 60% of @entity1 treated with @entity15726 report a symptomatic improvement. A randomized controlled trial accessing the efficacy of @entity15726 in POTS is indicated, particularly in @entity1 resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional therapy.

title: Single centre experience of @entity15726 in postural XXXX .

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new procedure for surgical correction of @entity2650 with chordee. METHODS: The design of the urethral plate divide it in two flaps. Chordee must be resected in order to straighten the penis. Ventral side of neourethra is made with preputial skin or Mathieu procedure. This method has been used in 10 pediatric @entity1 diagnosed of @entity2650 with chordee. RESULTS: Medium follow-up was 6 months. Only 2 @entity1 developed urethro-cutaneous fistulae and required a new surgical procedure. No reports of @entity850 , @entity384 or residual curvature were made. 8 @entity1 have excellent cosmetic results and 2 cases were classified as acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is a new surgical method for correction of @entity2650 with chordee.

title: [Use of a urethral plate in surgery for incurving XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dilatation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behaviors of @entity418 are different according to the geographic distribution. The prevalence of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 has been shown to be between 40% and 90%, but clinical correlation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 in the northeast of Iran and its relationship with clinicopathologic findings of the @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 with @entity418 , who were candidates for esophagectomy (without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy), were enrolled in this study from 2007 to 2009. Bone marrow samples derived from rib bone were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) to distinguish tumoral cells, and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (CKIHC) was used to determine micrometastasis. The correlation of the results was studied with the histopathologic indices of @entity5 ( @entity5 ( @entity5 ), N (node) and length of tumoral involvement and grading) as well as characteristics of the @entity1 (sex and age). RESULTS: The mean age was 64 (57-70) years and the M/F ratio was 2.9. As many as 38 @entity1 (88.4%) had @entity957 and five @entity1 (11.6%) had @entity420 . In nine cases (20.9%), the H_E test, and, in 13 cases (30.2%), the CKIHC evaluation was positive. Statistically, there was no relationship between the pathologic type and the stage of @entity5 with the H_E study and CKIHC test, respectively. On the other hand, a significant meaningful correlation was found between microscopic bone @entity236 as well as mediastinal lymph node involvement and grade of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Bone @entity236 incidence was low in our geographic area. According to our study, bone @entity236 in @entity418 is related to differentiation grade and mediastinal lymph node involvement.

title: Bone @entity236 in XXXX @entity1 who underwent surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'T', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behaviors of @entity418 are different according to the geographic distribution. The prevalence of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 has been shown to be between 40% and 90%, but clinical correlation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 in the northeast of Iran and its relationship with clinicopathologic findings of the @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 with @entity418 , who were candidates for esophagectomy (without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy), were enrolled in this study from 2007 to 2009. Bone marrow samples derived from rib bone were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) to distinguish tumoral cells, and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (CKIHC) was used to determine micrometastasis. The correlation of the results was studied with the histopathologic indices of @entity5 ( @entity5 ( @entity5 ), N (node) and length of tumoral involvement and grading) as well as characteristics of the @entity1 (sex and age). RESULTS: The mean age was 64 (57-70) years and the M/F ratio was 2.9. As many as 38 @entity1 (88.4%) had @entity957 and five @entity1 (11.6%) had @entity420 . In nine cases (20.9%), the H_E test, and, in 13 cases (30.2%), the CKIHC evaluation was positive. Statistically, there was no relationship between the pathologic type and the stage of @entity5 with the H_E study and CKIHC test, respectively. On the other hand, a significant meaningful correlation was found between microscopic bone @entity236 as well as mediastinal lymph node involvement and grade of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Bone @entity236 incidence was low in our geographic area. According to our study, bone @entity236 in @entity418 is related to differentiation grade and mediastinal lymph node involvement.

title: Bone XXXX in @entity418 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection.

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow involvement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Behaviors of @entity418 are different according to the geographic distribution. The prevalence of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 has been shown to be between 40% and 90%, but clinical correlation is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the rate of bone @entity236 in @entity1 with @entity418 in the northeast of Iran and its relationship with clinicopathologic findings of the @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 with @entity418 , who were candidates for esophagectomy (without neo-adjuvant chemotherapy), were enrolled in this study from 2007 to 2009. Bone marrow samples derived from rib bone were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) to distinguish tumoral cells, and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (CKIHC) was used to determine micrometastasis. The correlation of the results was studied with the histopathologic indices of @entity5 ( @entity5 ( @entity5 ), N (node) and length of tumoral involvement and grading) as well as characteristics of the @entity1 (sex and age). RESULTS: The mean age was 64 (57-70) years and the M/F ratio was 2.9. As many as 38 @entity1 (88.4%) had @entity957 and five @entity1 (11.6%) had @entity420 . In nine cases (20.9%), the H_E test, and, in 13 cases (30.2%), the CKIHC evaluation was positive. Statistically, there was no relationship between the pathologic type and the stage of @entity5 with the H_E study and CKIHC test, respectively. On the other hand, a significant meaningful correlation was found between microscopic bone @entity236 as well as mediastinal lymph node involvement and grade of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Bone @entity236 incidence was low in our geographic area. According to our study, bone @entity236 in @entity418 is related to differentiation grade and mediastinal lymph node involvement.

title: Bone @entity236 in @entity418 XXXX who underwent surgical resection.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN: Traumatic thoracic aortic injuries are serious and may be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular stent grafting is now an established treatment option which often requires proximal landing zone extension through left subclavian artery (LSA) origin coverage. This in turn can lead to downstream ischaemic complications which may be lessened by LSA revascularisation. This study investigates the consequence of LSA coverage and potential benefit of revascularisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic literature review of studies between 1997 and 2010 identified 94 studies incorporating 1704 @entity1 . Chronological trends in LSA management practice for @entity130 were sought. Designated outcomes of interest were prevalences of left arm ischaemia, @entity64 , @entity602 , @entity1070 , stent migration, need for additional procedure and mortality. These outcomes were compared in @entity1 with and without LSA coverage (taking account of the degree of coverage). The impact of revascularisation on these outcomes was also explored. Statistical analysis included examination with Chi-Square or Fisher's tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Isolated total LSA coverage without revascularisation increases the prevalence of left arm ischaemia [prevalence of 4.06% versus 0.0% (p < 0.001)]; @entity64 [prevalence of 1.19% versus 0.23% (p = 0.025)]; and need for additional procedure [prevalence of 2.86% versus 0.86% (p = 0.004). In contrast there were no reported cases of @entity64 , @entity602 , @entity1070 , stent migration or mortality when the LSA origin was only partially covered. When the LSA territory was revascularised, again no cases of left arm ischaemia, @entity64 , @entity602 , @entity1070 , or mortality were reported. CONCLUSION: Current evidence suggests that LSA coverage in @entity1 undergoing endovascular stent grafting of the thoracic aorta for @entity130 should be avoided where possible to avoid ensuing downstream ischaemic complications. When coverage is anatomically necessary, partial coverage is better than complete in terms of avoiding these complications and revascularisation may be considered, however these decisions must be made in the context of the individual @entity1 scenario.

title: Management of the left subclavian artery during endovascular stent grafting for traumatic XXXX - a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischaemia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['aortic injury']


abstract: We report a rare case of primitive @entity4969 / @entity2828 ( @entity6196 /ES) arising from the urinary bladder. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity811 and @entity3833 . Computed tomography revealed an enlarged invasive @entity5 at the base of the bladder. No additional abnormal findings were disclosed by other diagnostic imaging methods. The surgical specimens showed small round cell @entity5 with positive staining for @entity3778 gene product ( @entity3778 ). EWS- @entity21468 fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing, confirming the diagnosis of @entity6196 /ES. The @entity1 developed swollen pelvic lymph nodes as well as multiple lung metastases at 8  months postoperatively. No effective results could be obtained even with systemic chemotherapy consisting of @entity1891 , @entity1260 , @entity632 and @entity2879 (VIDE) based on the EUROpean @entity5 Working Initiative of National Groups 1999 ( @entity7634 -E.W.I.N.G. 99) multinational trial. The @entity1 died of acute superior mesenteric artery @entity715 at 22  months postoperatively. @entity6196 /ES could have been included in past cases of @entity4153 because of the difficulty in its differential diagnosis. Exact diagnosis is crucial for deciding the treatment strategy for rare @entity150 consisting of small round cells.

title: Primitive XXXX /Ewing's sarcoma of the urinary bladder: a case report and its molecular diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Ewing tumour']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity4969 :: (MESH:D017599,Disease) :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']


abstract: @entity26289 is a rare disease characterized by @entity26282 and anterior horn cell degeneration. The oldest reported @entity1 died at the age of 26 months. Two siblings were diagnosed with @entity26289 after the @entity204 of the second sibling at 40 months of age from @entity1576 and the unexpected finding of anterior horn cell degeneration on her autopsy. The older sibling was a @entity1 who was labeled as having @entity306 . He died at 14 months of age from @entity55 following a clinical course similar to his sister's, who was born 5 years after his @entity204 . Both siblings had significant @entity245 with axial and @entity1897 initially. @entity1897 with brisk reflexes developed later but were absent prior to @entity204 . Extensive investigations in the second sibling ruled out known metabolic (including @entity15619 ) and @entity2383 using skin fibroblast cultures and enzyme analysis. Genetic testing for @entity7960 ; @entity16 , @entity2055 , and @entity6391 (NARP); @entity2057 ; and @entity164 , 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 gene abnormalities was negative. The elecroretinogram showed a previously unreported finding of abnormal and progressive rod/cone response. Our cases provide clinical and previously unreported electroretinographic evidence for @entity179 in @entity26289 and call for the expansion of the disease phenotype.

title: XXXX : new leads for an earlier diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity26289 :: ('MESH:C548069', 'Disease') :: ['pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1', 'Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

entities_list: @entity26282 :: ('MESH:C580383', 'Disease') :: ['pontocerebellar hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['global developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral hypotonia', 'Peripheral hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['spinocerebellar ataxia type 1']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15619 :: ('MESH:D018981', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disorders of glycosylation']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity26289 :: (MESH:C548069,Disease) :: ['Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Light chain @entity2783 is characterized by extracellular deposition of a fibrillar material derived from immunglobulin light chain fragments. AIM: The aim of the authors was to assess survival depending on cardiac involvement, therapy, and presence of @entity1582 . METHOD: The authors studied a retrospective cohort of 29 @entity1 with light chain @entity2783 (13 kappa, 16 lambda) treated in their institution between 2005 and 2014. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity12884 , while 8 had coexisting multiple @entity1582 . One, two and three or more organs were involved in 4, 8, and 17 @entity1 , respectively. Cardiac involvement (22 cases) inversely correlated with survival. Fifteen (52%) @entity1 received chemotherapy only, while 14 (48%) underwent autologous stem cell transplantation with a median survival of 87 and 11.4 months, respectively. Two @entity1 had heart transplantation and survived 70 and 30 months. Median overall survival was 75.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac transplantation followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is feasible in selected @entity1 with light chain @entity2783 and @entity712 .

title: [Prognostic factors in light chain XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['primary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the leading causes of @entity1902 in @entity1 and adults. For the last 2 decades, genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) NoVs have been circulating worldwide. GII.4 NoVs can be divided into variants, and since 2002 they have circulated in the population before being replaced every 2 or 3 years, which raises questions about the role of their histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) ligands in their evolution. To shed light on these questions, we performed an analysis of the interaction between representative GII.4 variants and HBGAs, and we determined the role of selected @entity1522 in the binding profiles. By mutagenesis, we showed that there was a strict structural requirement for the @entity1522 , directly implicated in interactions with HBGAs. However, the ablation of the @entity1889 residue at position 395 (/\T395), an epidemiological feature of the post-2002 variants, was not deleterious to the binding of the virus-like particle (VLP) to the H antigen, while binding to A and B antigens was severely hampered. Nevertheless, the /\T395 VLPs gained the capacity to bind to the Lewis x and sialyl-Lewis x antigens in comparison with the wild-type VLP, demonstrating that @entity535 residues outside the HBGA binding site can modify the binding properties of NoVs. We also analyzed the attachment of baculovirus-expressed VLPs from six variants (Bristol, US95/96, Hunter, Yerseke, Den Haag, and Osaka) that were isolated from 1987 to 2007 to phenotyped saliva samples and synthetic HBGAs. We showed that the six variants could all attach to saliva of secretors irrespective of the ABO phenotype and to oligosaccharides characteristic of the secretor phenotype. Interestingly, Den Haag and Osaka variants additionally bound to @entity3363 present in the saliva of Lewis-positive nonsecretors. The @entity1735 binding profile and the genetic and mutagenesis analysis suggested that GII.4 binding to Lewis x and sialyl-Lewis x antigens might be a by-product of the genetic variation of the @entity1522 located in the vicinity of the binding site. Analysis of the binding properties for the six variants by surface plasmon resonance showed that only post-2002 variants (i.e., Hunter, Yerseke, Den Haag, and Osaka) presented strong binding to A and B antigens, suggesting that the GII.4 evolution could be related to an increased affinity for HBGAs for the post-2002 variants. The combination of increased affinity for ABH antigens and of a newly acquired ability to recognize glycans from Lewis-positive nonsecretors could have contributed to the epidemiological importance of strains such as the Den Haag GII.4 subtype.

title: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the binding of GII.4 norovirus variants onto XXXX blood group antigens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 were found to be involved in the majority of hepatically cleared drugs. To determine the allele frequencies of some SNPs that may have great potential value in forensic science, we screened 50 SNPs in these 5 CYP genes in Chinese Han @entity1 using an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective method. Primers were designed using the MassARRAY Assay Design software. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from individuals of Chinese Han origin. Multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the relevant gene fragments, and the polymorphisms were analysed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A panel of genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods were analysed simultaneously for quality control, and the results demonstrated that this assay was 100% accurate. A total of 17 of the analysed SNPs were polymorphic. Of these 17 SNPs, 8 ( @entity44655 , @entity72554 , @entity72555 , @entity72556 , @entity36782 , @entity72557 , @entity72558 , @entity36478 ) had an allele frequency that was significantly different between this Chinese Han population and Caucasians (p<0.01). In addition, the frequencies of two of these SNPs ( @entity72555 , @entity72559 ) in our Chinese Han population differed significantly from the existing Chinese frequency data (p<0.01). The described method thus provides reliable results and enables the genotyping of up to thousands of samples by taking advantage of the high-throughput MALDI-TOF technology. The results herein are now included as a supplement to the P450 database.

title: Analysis of 50 SNPs in @entity5320 , XXXX , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['CYP2C19']


abstract: One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 were found to be involved in the majority of hepatically cleared drugs. To determine the allele frequencies of some SNPs that may have great potential value in forensic science, we screened 50 SNPs in these 5 CYP genes in Chinese Han @entity1 using an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective method. Primers were designed using the MassARRAY Assay Design software. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from individuals of Chinese Han origin. Multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the relevant gene fragments, and the polymorphisms were analysed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A panel of genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods were analysed simultaneously for quality control, and the results demonstrated that this assay was 100% accurate. A total of 17 of the analysed SNPs were polymorphic. Of these 17 SNPs, 8 ( @entity44655 , @entity72554 , @entity72555 , @entity72556 , @entity36782 , @entity72557 , @entity72558 , @entity36478 ) had an allele frequency that was significantly different between this Chinese Han population and Caucasians (p<0.01). In addition, the frequencies of two of these SNPs ( @entity72555 , @entity72559 ) in our Chinese Han population differed significantly from the existing Chinese frequency data (p<0.01). The described method thus provides reliable results and enables the genotyping of up to thousands of samples by taking advantage of the high-throughput MALDI-TOF technology. The results herein are now included as a supplement to the P450 database.

title: Analysis of 50 SNPs in @entity5320 , @entity4433 , XXXX , @entity5322 and @entity4914 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 were found to be involved in the majority of hepatically cleared drugs. To determine the allele frequencies of some SNPs that may have great potential value in forensic science, we screened 50 SNPs in these 5 CYP genes in Chinese Han @entity1 using an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective method. Primers were designed using the MassARRAY Assay Design software. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from individuals of Chinese Han origin. Multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the relevant gene fragments, and the polymorphisms were analysed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A panel of genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods were analysed simultaneously for quality control, and the results demonstrated that this assay was 100% accurate. A total of 17 of the analysed SNPs were polymorphic. Of these 17 SNPs, 8 ( @entity44655 , @entity72554 , @entity72555 , @entity72556 , @entity36782 , @entity72557 , @entity72558 , @entity36478 ) had an allele frequency that was significantly different between this Chinese Han population and Caucasians (p<0.01). In addition, the frequencies of two of these SNPs ( @entity72555 , @entity72559 ) in our Chinese Han population differed significantly from the existing Chinese frequency data (p<0.01). The described method thus provides reliable results and enables the genotyping of up to thousands of samples by taking advantage of the high-throughput MALDI-TOF technology. The results herein are now included as a supplement to the P450 database.

title: Analysis of 50 SNPs in @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and XXXX by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity4914 :: (1544,Gene) :: ['CYP1A2']


abstract: One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 were found to be involved in the majority of hepatically cleared drugs. To determine the allele frequencies of some SNPs that may have great potential value in forensic science, we screened 50 SNPs in these 5 CYP genes in Chinese Han @entity1 using an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective method. Primers were designed using the MassARRAY Assay Design software. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from individuals of Chinese Han origin. Multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the relevant gene fragments, and the polymorphisms were analysed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A panel of genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods were analysed simultaneously for quality control, and the results demonstrated that this assay was 100% accurate. A total of 17 of the analysed SNPs were polymorphic. Of these 17 SNPs, 8 ( @entity44655 , @entity72554 , @entity72555 , @entity72556 , @entity36782 , @entity72557 , @entity72558 , @entity36478 ) had an allele frequency that was significantly different between this Chinese Han population and Caucasians (p<0.01). In addition, the frequencies of two of these SNPs ( @entity72555 , @entity72559 ) in our Chinese Han population differed significantly from the existing Chinese frequency data (p<0.01). The described method thus provides reliable results and enables the genotyping of up to thousands of samples by taking advantage of the high-throughput MALDI-TOF technology. The results herein are now included as a supplement to the P450 database.

title: Analysis of 50 SNPs in XXXX , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity5320 :: (1565,Gene) :: ['CYP2D6']


abstract: One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , @entity5322 and @entity4914 were found to be involved in the majority of hepatically cleared drugs. To determine the allele frequencies of some SNPs that may have great potential value in forensic science, we screened 50 SNPs in these 5 CYP genes in Chinese Han @entity1 using an accurate, high-throughput, cost-effective method. Primers were designed using the MassARRAY Assay Design software. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from individuals of Chinese Han origin. Multiplex PCR was performed to amplify the relevant gene fragments, and the polymorphisms were analysed by allele-specific primer extension followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A panel of genomic DNA samples previously genotyped by other methods were analysed simultaneously for quality control, and the results demonstrated that this assay was 100% accurate. A total of 17 of the analysed SNPs were polymorphic. Of these 17 SNPs, 8 ( @entity44655 , @entity72554 , @entity72555 , @entity72556 , @entity36782 , @entity72557 , @entity72558 , @entity36478 ) had an allele frequency that was significantly different between this Chinese Han population and Caucasians (p<0.01). In addition, the frequencies of two of these SNPs ( @entity72555 , @entity72559 ) in our Chinese Han population differed significantly from the existing Chinese frequency data (p<0.01). The described method thus provides reliable results and enables the genotyping of up to thousands of samples by taking advantage of the high-throughput MALDI-TOF technology. The results herein are now included as a supplement to the P450 database.

title: Analysis of 50 SNPs in @entity5320 , @entity4433 , @entity5060 , XXXX and @entity4914 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity162 is a severe disease characterized by pathological mood swings from major @entity308 episodes to @entity162 . The biological underpinnings of @entity162 have yet to be defined. As a consequence, pharmacological treatments are suboptimal. In the present paper we test the hypothesis that the molecular pathways involved with the direct targets of @entity1091 , hold significantly more genetic variations associated with @entity2403 . A molecular pathway approach finds its rationale in the polygenic nature of the disease. The pathways were tested in a sample of    7000 @entity1 and controls. Data are available from the public NIMH database. The definition of the pathways was conducted according to the National @entity5 Institute (http://pid.nci.nih.gov/). As a result, 3 out of the 18 tested pathways related to @entity1091 action resisted the permutation analysis and were found to be associated with @entity2403 . These pathways were related to @entity24109 , Integrins and Aurora. A pool of genes selected from the ones linked with the above pathways was further investigated in order to identify the fine molecular mechanics shared by our significant pathways and also their link with @entity1091 mechanism of action. The data obtained point out to a possible involvement of microtubule-related mechanics.

title: The microtubule-associated molecular pathways may be genetically disrupted in @entity1 with XXXX . Insights from the molecular cascades.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar Disorder', 'manic ones and vice versa']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity162 is a severe disease characterized by pathological mood swings from major @entity308 episodes to @entity162 . The biological underpinnings of @entity162 have yet to be defined. As a consequence, pharmacological treatments are suboptimal. In the present paper we test the hypothesis that the molecular pathways involved with the direct targets of @entity1091 , hold significantly more genetic variations associated with @entity2403 . A molecular pathway approach finds its rationale in the polygenic nature of the disease. The pathways were tested in a sample of    7000 @entity1 and controls. Data are available from the public NIMH database. The definition of the pathways was conducted according to the National @entity5 Institute (http://pid.nci.nih.gov/). As a result, 3 out of the 18 tested pathways related to @entity1091 action resisted the permutation analysis and were found to be associated with @entity2403 . These pathways were related to @entity24109 , Integrins and Aurora. A pool of genes selected from the ones linked with the above pathways was further investigated in order to identify the fine molecular mechanics shared by our significant pathways and also their link with @entity1091 mechanism of action. The data obtained point out to a possible involvement of microtubule-related mechanics.

title: The microtubule-associated molecular pathways may be genetically disrupted in XXXX with @entity162 . Insights from the molecular cascades.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There is a widespread interest in defining factors and mechanisms that stimulate proliferation of pancreatic islet b-cells. Pregnancy is a special period when the pancreatic islet displays a highly reproducible physiological proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism of b-cell proliferation during pregnancy is unclear. Here, we used cDNA expression array to explore gene expression profiles of islet at various stages of pregnancy in @entity35 . Differentially expressed genes related to islet proliferation were screened by bioinformatics methods, and further verified by real-time PCR, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. Compared with control group, expressions of hundreds of genes were changed during pregnancy. The differentially expressed genes related to islet proliferation were mainly distributed in three groups: genes involved in transcription regulator activity, genes involved in apoptosis or @entity5 , and genes for @entity29972 signaling pathway. Among these genes, expressions of @entity26844 , @entity14026 , @entity20885 , b-catenin, and @entity4569 mRNA were up-regulated during pregnancy. A prominent expression of @entity26844 and @entity14026 protein was observed in islets on day 10.5 of pregnancy, i.e., with earlier time phases than proliferation peak. Moreover, we found that @entity3695 (PRL) can increase the proliferation of b-cell in vitro, which is accompanied by up-regulation of @entity14026 and @entity26844 , indicating that they may play a crucial role in PRL-induced pancreatic b-cell growth. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcription factor @entity26844 , @entity14026 , and @entity29972 pathway may play an important role in adaptive proliferation of pancreatic islets during pregnancy in @entity35 .

title: Molecular mechanism of pancreatic b-cell adaptive proliferation: studies during pregnancy in XXXX and in vitro.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) experience chronic @entity281 as a result of mucus build up within the lungs. @entity281 often cause lung damage and disease. Airway clearance therapies aim to improve mucus clearance, increase sputum production, and improve airway function. The active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) is an airway clearance method that uses a cycle of techniques to loosen airway secretions including breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, and the forced expiration technique. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical effectiveness of ACBT with other airway clearance therapies in @entity1577 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity1577 Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews.Last search: 05 August 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled clinical studies, including crossover studies, comparing ACBT with other airway clearance therapies in @entity1577 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened each article, abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias of each study. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-eight studies were identified of which 17 (346 @entity1 ) met the inclusion criteria. Four randomised controlled studies (98 @entity1 ) were included in the meta-analysis; three were of crossover design. The 13 remaining studies were crossover studies with inadequate reports for complete assessment.Included studies compared ACBT to autogenic drainage, airway oscillating devices, high frequency chest compression devices, and conventional chest physiotherapy. @entity1 preference varied: more @entity1 preferred autogenic drainage over ACBT, more preferred ACBT over airway oscillating devices, and more were comfortable with ACBT versus high frequency chest compression. No significant difference was seen in sputum weight between ACBT and autogenic drainage or between ACBT and airway oscillating devices. There was no significant difference in lung function and the number of pulmonary exacerbations between ACBT and ACBT plus conventional chest physiotherapy. All other outcomes were either not measured or had insufficient data for analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to support or reject the use of ACBT over any other airway clearance therapy. Four studies, with four different comparators, found that ACBT was comparable to other therapies in outcomes such as @entity1 preference, lung function, sputum weight, @entity26 saturation, and number of pulmonary exacerbations. Longer-term studies are needed to more adequately assess the effects of ACBT on outcomes important for @entity1 such as quality of life and @entity1 preference.

title: Active cycle of breathing technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Repeated infections', 'airway infections']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: Diaphragm @entity4699 activation plays a key role in modulating sepsis-induced @entity4589 . It is also known that double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity52768 ) is a regulator of @entity4699 activation in neural tissue. We tested the hypothesis that the @entity52768 pathway modulates sepsis-induced diaphragmatic @entity4699 activation. We first evaluated the time course of diaphragm @entity52768 activation following endotoxin administration in @entity19 . We then determined whether administration of a @entity52768 inhibitor ( @entity13129 ) prevents endotoxin-induced diaphragm @entity4699 activation and contractile dysfunction in @entity19 . Finally, we investigated if inhibition of @entity52768 (using either @entity13129 or transfection with dominant-negative @entity52768 ) blocks @entity4699 activation in cytokine treated C   C       cells. Endotoxin markedly activated diaphragm @entity52768 (with increases in both active phospho- @entity52768 protein levels, P < 0.03, and directly measured @entity52768 activity, P < 0.01) and increased active @entity4699 levels (P < 0.01). Inhibition of @entity52768 with @entity13129 prevented endotoxin-induced diaphragm @entity4699 activation (P < 0.01) and @entity425 (P < 0.001). Inhibition of @entity52768 with either @entity13129 or transfection with dominant-negative @entity52768 blocked @entity4699 activation in isolated cytokine-treated C   C       cells. These data implicate @entity52768 activation as a major factor mediating cytokine-induced skeletal muscle @entity4699 activation and @entity425 .

title: Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activation modulates endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragm weakness', 'weakness']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['diaphragm weakness']


abstract: Simple chromatographic methods were applied to @entity25164 resins used as gum bases. Five @entity14521 resins, mastic, dammar resin, olibanum, benzoin gum and elemi resin, and two @entity5730 resins, rosin and copal resin, were separated with normal-phase TLC. Characteristic patterns were observed for all resins. Different samples of the same resin gave identical patterns. The TLC method is a candidate for a simple identification test for @entity6399 resins. Samples were then @entity5498 -esterified and analyzed with GC/ @entity15 . All resins exhibited characteristic chromatograms for total ion current. Major constituents of all resins were detected. Unique constituents that can be used as indicators were found in every resin. Therefore, GC/ @entity15 of @entity5498 -esterified @entity25164 resins is a valuable identification method.

title: [Identification methods of @entity25164 gum bases using TLC and GC/ XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoids']

entities_list: @entity5730 :: ('CHEBI:23849', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity25164 :: ('CHEBI:26873', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoid']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Simple chromatographic methods were applied to @entity25164 resins used as gum bases. Five @entity14521 resins, mastic, dammar resin, olibanum, benzoin gum and elemi resin, and two @entity5730 resins, rosin and copal resin, were separated with normal-phase TLC. Characteristic patterns were observed for all resins. Different samples of the same resin gave identical patterns. The TLC method is a candidate for a simple identification test for @entity6399 resins. Samples were then @entity5498 -esterified and analyzed with GC/ @entity15 . All resins exhibited characteristic chromatograms for total ion current. Major constituents of all resins were detected. Unique constituents that can be used as indicators were found in every resin. Therefore, GC/ @entity15 of @entity5498 -esterified @entity25164 resins is a valuable identification method.

title: [Identification methods of XXXX gum bases using TLC and GC/ @entity15 ].

answer: @entity25164 :: (CHEBI:26873,Chemical) :: ['terpenoid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of chemotherapy in @entity418 ( @entity418 ) remains a matter of debate. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the survival impact of chemotherapy after stratification for prognostic factors. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity418 (1995 to 2008) were randomly assigned to a development (n = 171) and a validation cohort (n = 113). We had first identified prognostic factors using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods in the development cohort and then validated them in the validation cohort. Then, we analyzed the impact of chemotherapy after stratification for these prognostic factors. The majority of @entity1 had @entity957 (80%). RESULTS: The Cox model has retained 2 prognostic factors only: associated @entity5 (hazard ratio = 2.77, range 1.39-5.54, p = 0.004) and grade 3-4 @entity1282 (hazard ratio = 1.44, range 1.08-2.14, p = 0.007). Median survival was 10.9 in @entity1 with 0 (n = 77), 6.2 in those with 1 (n = 65) and 1.8 months in those with 2 prognostic factors (n = 11/171; p = 0.025). The median survival times of the @entity1 with 0, 1 and 2 prognostic factors were 13 versus 9 months (nonsignificant, NS), 6 versus 5 months (NS) and 5 versus 1.3 months (NS) in @entity1 with and without chemotherapy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that chemotherapy has no significant effect on survival for unselected @entity418 @entity1 , regardless of the prognostic factors we identified.

title: Palliative chemotherapy does not improve survival in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['MEC', 'metastatic esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effects of a collagen dressing on hard-to-heal @entity3179 ( @entity3179 ) were evaluated in this prospective, randomised, controlled study. METHOD: @entity1 with hard-to-heal vlU were included and divided into two groups using the block randomisation method. The first group was treated with a collagen and an alginate dressing (group A), and the second group with an alginate dressing alone (group b). both groups also had a short-stretch compression system applied at every dressing change. The dressings were changed twice a week for 12 weeks or until the ulcer was healed. Granulation tissue improvement, wound size, overall dressing performance and dressing comfort were evaluated and recorded. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 completed the study evaluation period. Group A had a 65% increase in granulation tissue compared to 38% in group b. The mean ulcer area was reduced to 45% in group A compared to 20% in group b at 12 weeks. no significant side effects were detected in either group. @entity1 of both groups were satisfied with their treatment and healing progress. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed the effectiveness and safety of a collagen dressing in hard-to-heal @entity3179 as an adjunctive therapy with compression bandaging. These encouraging results may positively affect the quality of life of @entity1 with chronic wounds.

title: The use of a collagen matrix in hard-to-heal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['vlUs', 'venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: We previously purified a potent serum suppressor factor from @entity5 fluid and showed that it had serologic cross-reactivity with E receptor of @entity1 T lymphocytes. We termed this factor "suppressive E receptor factor" (SER). Subsequent studies on SER showed that SER interfered with the production of @entity44815 as well as interfering with their activities on target cells. However, SER was not directly cytotoxic to lymphocytes. In this study, we compared the inhibitor of DNA-polymerase (IDP) activity with the suppressive activity on phytohemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis on intact cells. These two activities were closely correlated (with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.988) even with the whole plasmas derived from @entity5 @entity1 . Fractionation and purification of IDP activity identified it with SER of a similar potency. Therefore, SER appeared to exhibit its potent immunosuppressive effect via its direct interference on DNA-polymerase activity. Furthermore, the DNA-polymerase inhibitory activity of SER appeared to be specific to DNA and it did not affect the RNA-polymerase activity. SER inhibition of DNA polymerase activity with respect to DNA primer as well as with the @entity377 substrate. Direct inhibition on @entity10947 activity may be one of the possible mechanisms of action of SER on lymphocyte proliferation.

title: E receptor-related immunosuppressive factor in malignant pleural fluid and plasma: molecular mechanism of action on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity10947 :: ('5422', 'Gene') :: ['DNA-polymerase-alpha']

answer: @entity10947 :: (5422,Gene) :: ['DNA-polymerase-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on experimental studies, pharmacological augmentation (PA) of @entity64 rehabilitation might be reasonable. Whether PA is beneficial in clinical practice is unclear. METHODS: We performed an observational study on the use of PA in addition to regular rehabilitative therapies in a @entity64 rehabilitation unit. Over 20 months, we systematically observed (1) the utilization rate of PA, (2) possible adverse events, and (3) the functional outcome of @entity1 with versus without PA (non-PA). The primary outcome variable was the increase in abilities in activities of daily living during in-hospital rehabilitation as quantified by the delta 'functional independence measure' ( @entity177 ). RESULTS: Ninety-seven of 249 (39%) @entity1 had PA. L-Dopa was used in 63 (65%), acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in 33 (34%), and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors in 31 (32%) PA @entity1 . In 11 (11%) @entity1 , PA was associated with @entity933 (n = 4), @entity344 (n = 4), electrolyte disorders (n = 2), or @entity322 (n = 1). All adverse events were temporary. PA @entity1 did not differ from non-PA @entity1 in age (74 vs. 73 years; p = 0.62), gender ratio, and @entity64 type ( @entity63 85 vs. 82%; p = 0.49). However, compared with non-PA @entity1 , PA @entity1 were more severely affected (median NIH Stroke Scale Score 7 vs. 4; p < 0.001; median @entity177 58 vs. 85; p = 0.01). At discharge, the PA group had a higher median /\ @entity177 compared with non-PA @entity1 (16 vs. 9; p = 0.01). None of the PA @entity1 but 5 (3.3%) of the non-PA @entity1 had died. CONCLUSION: PA of @entity64 rehabilitation was used frequently. The absence of safety concerns suggests that there is scope for benefit from PA in @entity64 rehabilitation. A large randomized controlled trial seems feasible and ethically justified.

title: Safety of pharmacological augmentation of XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few data on mortality rates in the general elderly living in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to detail three-year mortality rates in a population of rural community-dwelling older adults in northern Tanzania. METHODS: We performed a community-based study of 2232 @entity1 aged 70 years and over living in Hai district, Tanzania. At baseline, @entity1 underwent clinical assessment for disability, @entity16 , @entity101 , @entity955 and @entity2414 . At three-year follow-up mortality data were collected. Mortality rates were compared to UK estimates. RESULTS: At follow-up, data were available for 1873 subjects (83.9%). Of those, 208 (11.1%, 95% CI 9.7-12.5) had died. The age-standardised mortality rate was 10.2% (95% CI 8.8-11.6). Age-standardised mortality rates were lower than estimated for the UK (13.9%). In Cox regression analysis, greater age, higher levels of functional disability, use of a walking aid, subjective report of @entity2414 , being severely underweight and being normotensive were significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Those who survive to old age in Tanzania appear to have relatively low mortality rates. Physical and @entity73 were strongly associated with mortality risk in this elderly community-dwelling population. The association between blood pressure and mortality merits further study.

title: Rates and predictors of three-year mortality in older XXXX in rural Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disabilities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, response to treatment and outcome of Zollinger? @entity8579 (ZES)-like gastric acid hypersecretors. METHODS: Over a 20-year period, @entity1 with gastric acid hypersecretion in the absence of ZES were enrolled in an open label prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of @entity10042 . Following baseline evaluations, @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity10042 based on the results of gastric acid analysis. Following stabilization, @entity1 were followed on a 6 monthly basis with interval history, physical examination, endoscopy with gastric biopsies, gastric acid analysis, and laboratory studies. RESULTS: The study group represented 21 @entity1 (median age 47 years, 86% male, 91% Caucasian). Historically, complicated @entity1066 was frequent and symptoms had been present for a median of 10 years before study entry. All @entity1 responded to @entity10042 (median dose 90 mg/day) with excellent control of gastric acid hypersecretion. Mucosal relapse was infrequent and no major complications developed while on therapy. CONCLUSIONS: ZES-like gastric acid hypersecretion presents similarly to the @entity1624 . @entity10042 titrated to gastric acid output is effective in healing @entity3137 and preventing relapse.

title: Presentation, response to @entity10042 therapy, and outcome of XXXX -like gastric acid hypersecretors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole', 'Lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['classic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, response to treatment and outcome of Zollinger? @entity8579 (ZES)-like gastric acid hypersecretors. METHODS: Over a 20-year period, @entity1 with gastric acid hypersecretion in the absence of ZES were enrolled in an open label prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of @entity10042 . Following baseline evaluations, @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity10042 based on the results of gastric acid analysis. Following stabilization, @entity1 were followed on a 6 monthly basis with interval history, physical examination, endoscopy with gastric biopsies, gastric acid analysis, and laboratory studies. RESULTS: The study group represented 21 @entity1 (median age 47 years, 86% male, 91% Caucasian). Historically, complicated @entity1066 was frequent and symptoms had been present for a median of 10 years before study entry. All @entity1 responded to @entity10042 (median dose 90 mg/day) with excellent control of gastric acid hypersecretion. Mucosal relapse was infrequent and no major complications developed while on therapy. CONCLUSIONS: ZES-like gastric acid hypersecretion presents similarly to the @entity1624 . @entity10042 titrated to gastric acid output is effective in healing @entity3137 and preventing relapse.

title: Presentation, response to XXXX therapy, and outcome of @entity8579 -like gastric acid hypersecretors.

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: AIM: Data on the prognostic factors for survival in @entity1 with locally advanced, node-negative @entity694 are limited. This study aimed to determine which factors might predict survival in @entity1 with Dukes' B (T3 or T4, N0) @entity694 . METHOD: One hundred and eighty (93 male; median age 75 [range, 38-96] years) consecutive @entity1 who had resection of a primary Dukes' B (on final histopathological analysis) @entity694 between 1998 and 2003 were studied. No @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression modelling was used to assess the prognostic value of variables. Median follow up was 85 (60-125) months. RESULTS: Thirteen (7%) @entity1 had a perforation at presentation. The median distance from @entity5 to the nearest longitudinal resection margin was 6 (0.3-27) cm. One hundred and twenty-four (69%) @entity1 had a lymph node yield of 12 or more nodes. Actual 5-year survival was 59%. On multivariate regression analysis, @entity5 perforation (perforation vs no perforation, 5-year survival, 23%vs 61%; hazard ratio (HR), 3.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-8.4; P = 0.002), @entity5 -to-margin distance (< 5 cm vs >=  5 cm, 48%vs 65%; HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = 0.039) and older age (>=  75 years vs < 75 years, 45%vs 72%; HR, 3; 95% CI, 1.8-5; P < 0.001) were independent significant variables. CONCLUSION: A lymph node yield of 12 or more nodes is not a significant prognostic factor for survival after resection of Dukes' B @entity694 . @entity1 with @entity5 perforation or limited resection have worse prognosis.

title: Prognostic factors for survival after curative resection of Dukes' B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This article describes the quantitative findings of a mixed-methods study that examined the relationship among knowledge, self-efficacy, health promoting behaviors, and @entity164 2 @entity6 self-management among recent Spanish-speaking, limited English proficient immigrants to the US. This population is at risk for both a higher incidence of disease and increased barriers to successful disease management compared to the general US population. Distinguishing aspects of this study compared to the available literature are the comprehensive nature of the data collected, the theoretical component, and the analysis and modeling approach. Social cognitive theory provides the framework for the study design and analysis. An innovative community-based recruiting strategy was used, a broad range of physiological measures related to health were observed, and instruments related to knowledge, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle behaviors were administered orally in Spanish to 30 @entity1 . A broad range of statistical analysis methods was applied to the data, including a set of three structural equation models. The study results are consistent with the importance of education, health knowledge, and healthy lifestyle practices for @entity164 2 @entity6 self-management. With the usual cautions associated with applying structural equation modeling to modest sample sizes, multiple elements of the posited theoretical model were consistent with the data collected. The results of the investigation of this under-studied population indicate that, on average, @entity1 were not effectively managing their disease. The results suggest that clinical interventions focused on improving knowledge, nutrition, and physical activity, reducing stress, and leveraging the importance of interpersonal relations could be effective intervention strategies to improve self-management among this population.

title: Type 2 XXXX Self-management Among Spanish-Speaking Hispanic Immigrants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Nine (5.1%) of 175 @entity1 with advanced disseminated @entity1893 presented with renal involvement and were initially treated with combination chemotherapy alone. These @entity1 were classified as having renal involvement based on histologic and radiographic criteria. Five of the nine @entity1 presented with a serum @entity1011 level greater than 2.5 mg/dL. Four @entity1 achieved a complete remission of all @entity262 . Eight @entity1 had complete resolution of renal involvement. Two @entity1 later had recurrent @entity8 associated with other sites of recurrence. All five @entity1 who presented with an elevated serum @entity1011 level recovered normal renal function; in fact, four @entity1 had normal renal function by the end of the first cycle of therapy. No @entity1 required hemodialysis. Only one @entity1 remains @entity66 at 55 months; five @entity1 have died with disseminated disease; two @entity1 have died without evidence of disease; and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up while in remission. Initial local control of renal involvement including normalization of renal function in diffuse @entity146 can be rapidly achieved by combination chemotherapy alone.

title: Renal involvement in XXXX : results of treatment with combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['diffuse aggressive lymphomas']