abstract: Tumor @entity26 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity5 therapies. Many @entity1 @entity5 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity5 cells in culture to @entity413 decreases @entity26 consumption ( @entity26 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity5 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) with @entity413 (Burd et al., @entity5 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity4854 and MIBG on @entity5 @entity26 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in @entity915 @entity19 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity413 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity413 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity5 @entity26 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity413 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity26 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity413 together with MIBG increases @entity5 @entity26 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity4854 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity221 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in XXXX xenografts after exposure to @entity4854 and @entity7990 .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Tumor @entity26 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity5 therapies. Many @entity1 @entity5 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity5 cells in culture to @entity413 decreases @entity26 consumption ( @entity26 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity5 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) with @entity413 (Burd et al., @entity5 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity4854 and MIBG on @entity5 @entity26 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in @entity915 @entity19 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity413 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity413 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity5 @entity26 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity413 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity26 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity413 together with MIBG increases @entity5 @entity26 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity4854 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity221 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in @entity320 xenografts after exposure to @entity4854 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['MIBG', 'meta-iodo-benzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7990 :: (MESH:D019797,Chemical) :: ['meta-iodo-benzylguanidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Having an inherited predisposition to @entity5 may have a @entity3355 , and one goal of genetic counseling is to promote psychological adjustment to the new situation. Thus, in the genetic context, validated measures of adjustment are required. Given that self-concept is a good indicator of adjustment to the disease or to the risk for it, and a relevant variable in oncology, the goal of the study is to culturally adapt and validate the BRCA Self-Concept Scale. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-five BRCA carriers' @entity1 answered to the questionnaire, previously adapted through a process of forward/back-translation, and to the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as a measure of convergent validity. Theoretical structure of BRCA Self-Concept Scale was assessed by expert judges, and submitted to a confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ). Cronbach's a was calculated for each subscale (Stigma, Vulnerability and Control), and correlations with @entity5 were performed. RESULTS: Expert judges' structure and @entity3795 do not support the original structure of the questionnaire. The respecificity model (with items 10 and 13 loading on Vulnerability factor) show a better fit: comparative fit index 0.973; Tucker-Lewis index 0.968; root mean square error of approximation 0.067. The Cronbach's a is 0.83 for Stigma, 0.84 for Vulnerability, and 0.61 for Control. Evidence of convergent validity with @entity5 has been obtained (Spearman's rho 0.631 for Stigma, 0.683 for Vulnerability, and -0.363 for Control; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the modified Spanish BRCA Self-Concept Scale, which is a potentially useful measure for the study of psychological adjustment to high risk for @entity5344 .

title: [Cultural scale adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the BRCA Self-Concept Scale in @entity1 carriers at high risk for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impact']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CWS', 'cancer', 'Cancer Worry Scale']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Having an inherited predisposition to @entity5 may have a @entity3355 , and one goal of genetic counseling is to promote psychological adjustment to the new situation. Thus, in the genetic context, validated measures of adjustment are required. Given that self-concept is a good indicator of adjustment to the disease or to the risk for it, and a relevant variable in oncology, the goal of the study is to culturally adapt and validate the BRCA Self-Concept Scale. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-five BRCA carriers' @entity1 answered to the questionnaire, previously adapted through a process of forward/back-translation, and to the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as a measure of convergent validity. Theoretical structure of BRCA Self-Concept Scale was assessed by expert judges, and submitted to a confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ). Cronbach's a was calculated for each subscale (Stigma, Vulnerability and Control), and correlations with @entity5 were performed. RESULTS: Expert judges' structure and @entity3795 do not support the original structure of the questionnaire. The respecificity model (with items 10 and 13 loading on Vulnerability factor) show a better fit: comparative fit index 0.973; Tucker-Lewis index 0.968; root mean square error of approximation 0.067. The Cronbach's a is 0.83 for Stigma, 0.84 for Vulnerability, and 0.61 for Control. Evidence of convergent validity with @entity5 has been obtained (Spearman's rho 0.631 for Stigma, 0.683 for Vulnerability, and -0.363 for Control; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the modified Spanish BRCA Self-Concept Scale, which is a potentially useful measure for the study of psychological adjustment to high risk for @entity5344 .

title: [Cultural scale adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the BRCA Self-Concept Scale in XXXX carriers at high risk for @entity5344 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the appearance of normal and malignant upper urinary tract lesion appearance under narrow-band imaging (NBI) using the new URF-V digital flexible ureteroscope (DFU), and to determine if NBI, when used in conjunction with white light (WL), could improve detection of malignancy. @entity1 AND METHODS: NBI and WL were performed in 27 @entity1 at our university teaching hospital, 14 with known cases of @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) as follow-up (group A), and 13 @entity1 with first-suspicion of @entity5 (group B). Full renal collecting system examination was performed first under WL and then under NBI by a single urologist. Biopsies were taken from all detected lesions using the biopsy forceps and sent for examination by a pathologist who was blinded to the gross description of the lesion. Pathology interpretations were then compared with the corresponding WL and NBI images. Holmium laser vaporization was performed for all apparent lesions. RESULTS: Subjectively, NBI significantly improved the endoscopic visualization of the @entity5 , providing a detailed description of their limits and vascular architecture. Objectively, five additional @entity5 (14.2%) in four @entity1 , as well the extended limits of three @entity5 (8.5%) in three @entity1 were detected by NBI when findings by WL imaging were considered normal. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first reports regarding NBI for @entity3484 . From this study, we recommend this technology as a valuable diagnostic method, because it considerably improves @entity5 detection rate by 22.7% compared with WL.

title: Narrow-band imaging digital flexible ureteroscopy in detection of XXXX : initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma', 'UUT-TCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We retrospectively examined the feasibility and safety of this technique to manage symptomatic simple @entity8 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with simple @entity8 were selected and treated by incising the cyst wall to drain into the collecting system through retrograde ureteroscopy. A retrospective observational study was performed to evaluate the @entity1 's symptomatic and radiologic results after ureteroscopic marsupialization. Symptomatic success based on @entity158 relief was evaluated using a visual analog @entity158 scale preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiologic success was defined as no recurrence of the cyst or a reduction in cyst size by at least half. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The mean operative time was 35 minutes (range 20-50 min). The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days (range 2-5 d). Of the 16 @entity1 , one @entity1 was lost at follow-up. The symptoms based on @entity158 had resolved in 13 (83%) cases but remained in 2 cases at a mean follow-up of 24.2 months (range 6-36 mos). The average visual analog @entity158 scale decreased from 6.7 (range 4-9) to 1.1 (range 0-5) at the sixth month. The mean size of all cysts decreased from 6.8 cm (range 4-10 cm) to 1.3 cm (range 0-5 cm). Radiographic success was achieved in 93% (14/15) of @entity1 . Cytology and cyst wall pathology reports revealed no evidence of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a complete transurethral NOTES marsupialization. With appropriate @entity1 selection, the minimally invasive retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is feasible, safe, and effective. It can be preferred to more invasive laparoscopic or open surgical approaches.

title: Pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery management of simple XXXX : 2-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) is an important factor associated with worse clinical outcome in @entity64 . Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can provide better sensitivity to delineate @entity64 pathophysiology and have diagnostic value associated with causative mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early MRI finding and the presence of @entity16 in minor @entity64 @entity1 with lesions in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. METHODS: Consecutive MCA minor @entity64 @entity1 who were admitted to our center within 24 hours of symptom onset were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent MRI within 24 hours of admission. We analyzed baseline characteristics, @entity1188 patterns, and treatment algorithms. The correlation between early MRI findings and @entity16 , defined as National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score increasing more than 2 points during 72 hours after admission, was also determined. RESULTS: Across 211 @entity1 meeting entry criteria between January 2010 and December 2013, internal border-zone (IBZ) @entity1188 on early MRI scan were observed in 23 of 65 @entity1 with @entity16 (35.4%) and in 18 of 146 @entity1 without @entity16 (12.3%, P   <   .001). @entity1 with IBZ @entity1188 were found to have more @entity407 , less perforating @entity1188 , more @entity1188 , more @entity1188 and more ipsilateral large @entity2791 . Logistic regression analysis revealed that IBZ @entity1188 was independently associated with @entity16 after adjustment for other factors (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-5.74; P   =   .031). CONCLUSIONS: Early MRI patterns of IBZ @entity1188 are associated with @entity16 in minor @entity64 @entity1 with @entity2500 .

title: Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Minor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['minor strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['acute infarcts of the MCA territory']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['END', 'Early neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['artery infarcts', 'cortical border-zone infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarcts', 'pial artery infarcts', 'infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A sizeable body of data demonstrates that membrane @entity8024 ( @entity8024 ) plays a significant role in host defense in a site-specific fashion. On the pulmonary vascular endothelium, @entity8024 is necessary for normal leukocyte recruitment during acute @entity32 . On alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), we have shown previously that the presence of normal @entity8024 is essential for optimal alveolar macrophage (AM) function. We have also shown that @entity8024 is present in the alveolar space as a soluble protein that is likely produced through cleavage of @entity8024 (sICAM-1) is abundantly present in the alveolar lining fluid of the normal lung and could be generated by proteolytic cleavage of @entity8024 , which is highly expressed on type I AECs. Although a growing body of data suggesting that intravascular sICAM-1 has functional effects, little is known about sICAM-1 in the alveolus. We hypothesized that sICAM-1 in the alveolar space modulates the innate immune response and alters the response to @entity358 . METHODS: Using the surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter, we developed a transgenic @entity19 (SPC-sICAM-1) that constitutively overexpresses sICAM-1 in the distal lung, and compared the responses of wild-type and SPC-sICAM-1 @entity19 following intranasal inoculation with @entity3274 . RESULTS: SPC-sICAM-1 @entity19 demonstrated increased mortality and increased systemic dissemination of organisms compared with wild-type @entity19 . We also found that inflammatory responses were significantly increased in SPC-sICAM-1 @entity19 compared with wild-type @entity19 but there were no difference in lung CFU between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that alveolar sICAM-1 modulates @entity55 . Manipulating @entity8024 interactions therapeutically may modulate the host response to Gram negative @entity358 .

title: Overexpression of sICAM-1 in the alveolar epithelial space results in an exaggerated inflammatory response and early death in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'mICAM-1', 'mICAM-1. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Gram negative pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the magnitude and pattern of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) versus control @entity1 . DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of lipid levels in published cross-sectional studies worldwide where @entity3610 @entity1 and controls were examined and sampled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Differences in plasma lipids (including @entity1674 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , and nonHDL- @entity165 ) in @entity3610 versus control subjects were calculated. Comparisons were made with and without body mass index (BMI) matching. RESULT(S): @entity412 levels were 26 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 17-35) higher and HDL- @entity165 concentrations 6 mg/dL (95% CI 4-9) lower in @entity1 with @entity3610 . Also, LDL- @entity165 and nonHDL- @entity165 concentrations were higher in @entity3610 : by 12 mg/dL (95% CI 10-16) and 19 mg/dL (95% CI 16-22), respectively. With BMI matching, LDL- @entity165 and nonHDL- @entity165 were still higher in @entity3610 : by 9 mg/dL (95% CI 6-12) and 16 mg/dL (95% CI 14-19), respectively. LDL- @entity165 and nonHDL- @entity165 differences were greater with National Institutes of Health criteria [15 mg/dL (95% CI 13-17) and 21 mg/dL (95% CI 16-25), respectively] versus Rotterdam criteria [8 mg/dL (95% CI 5-12) and 17 (95% CI 13-22), respectively]. CONCLUSION(S): @entity2299 is common in @entity3610 . Beyond known alterations in @entity1674 and HDL- @entity165 , @entity1 with @entity3610 have higher LDL- @entity165 and nonHDL- @entity165 , regardless of BMI. We recommend that all @entity1 with @entity3610 be screened for @entity2299 , including LDL- @entity165 and nonHDL- @entity165 determinations, for effective cardiovascular risk prevention.

title: Lipid levels in XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: With rapid increases in gambling opportunities over the past decade, gambling has emerged as an important social and public health concern. The pending revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM) has prompted a flurry of empirical research evaluating the extant diagnostic classification scheme; however few studies have evaluated the @entity11532 . This paper utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive and validate a typology of gamblers. LCA was applied to the 10 DSM-IV @entity11532 utilizing data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions (n=11,104). LCA identified three latent classes which largely differed according to severity. The majority of respondents were assigned to the no gambling problems class (93.3%). Gamblers in the moderate gambling problems class (6.1%) primarily endorsed the preoccupation, tolerance, and chasing criteria. The pervasive gambling problems class (0.6%) endorsed the majority of the criteria. A number of significant differences between the classes emerged as a function of demographic, @entity146 and substance use disorders. The findings offer a heuristic and clinically useful typology of gamblers. Support for a continuum of gambling-related problems reiterate the need for assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies that reflect this more nuanced understanding of gambling.

title: A latent class analysis of DSM-IV criteria for XXXX : Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling criteria']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['pathological gambling']


abstract: With rapid increases in gambling opportunities over the past decade, gambling has emerged as an important social and public health concern. The pending revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 (DSM) has prompted a flurry of empirical research evaluating the extant diagnostic classification scheme; however few studies have evaluated the @entity11532 . This paper utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive and validate a typology of gamblers. LCA was applied to the 10 DSM-IV @entity11532 utilizing data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity167 and Related Conditions (n=11,104). LCA identified three latent classes which largely differed according to severity. The majority of respondents were assigned to the no gambling problems class (93.3%). Gamblers in the moderate gambling problems class (6.1%) primarily endorsed the preoccupation, tolerance, and chasing criteria. The pervasive gambling problems class (0.6%) endorsed the majority of the criteria. A number of significant differences between the classes emerged as a function of demographic, @entity146 and substance use disorders. The findings offer a heuristic and clinically useful typology of gamblers. Support for a continuum of gambling-related problems reiterate the need for assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies that reflect this more nuanced understanding of gambling.

title: A latent class analysis of DSM-IV criteria for @entity11532 : Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on XXXX and Related Conditions.

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hyperintensity along the ipsilateral cortical spinal tract (CST) on a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been reported to may be associated with @entity717 after @entity4798 and can be misdiagnosed as a new @entity1188 . However, the underlying patho-physiology related to this finding is not clear. The goal of our study was to analyze the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes in @entity1 with this hyperintensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity1 (50    10 years) who exhibited hyperintensity on DWI along ipsilateral CST from 3 to 21 days after @entity64 onset were reviewed as positive group, including 5 @entity1 with serial DTI examinations. Twelve @entity1 without hyperintensity during the matched examination time were classified as reference group. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues and their ratios (ipsilateral/contralateral value) in cerebral peduncle were measured, their correlation with motor function scale at eight months after @entity64 onset were evaluated. RESULTS: The serial examinations showed that hyperintensity could eventually disappear. Both the ipsilateral ADC and FA values were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the contralateral side. The ipsilateral FA significantly correlated with motor function scale in both groups (r = 0.875, 0.738; p = 0.004, 0.006 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The hyperintensity on DWI is a transient pathological process of @entity6441 after @entity385 , its diffusion characteristics include concurrent significant decrease of ipsilateral ADC and FA. The ipsilateral FA value has the potential to predict neurological motor function outcome in such @entity1 .

title: Hyperintensity on diffusion weighted image along ipsilateral cortical spinal tract after cerebral XXXX : a diffusion tensor analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Our therapeutic management to @entity30 was analyzed retrospectively. Among 17 cases with @entity30 , 14 (82%) were operated. Operative indications were due to obstruction (7), perforation (2), @entity292 (2), @entity850 (2) and intractability (1). Postoperative recurrence was developed in 8 out of 14 (57%) and 4 were reoperated. Most of recurrent lesions were around the previous @entity254 . Operation per se does not cure the @entity30 but operation should be indicated when complicated obstruction, @entity292 and perforation. Nutritional treatment has been also performed 8 times. @entity30 activity index (CDAI) was decreased in all but one. In individual item of CDAI, frequency of bowel movement, @entity490 and general status were improved but items such as @entity75 , @entity292 and fever were not improved. CDAI values were turned to remission value in all of cases with complicated stenotic lesions, but it remained in active stage in all cases with complicated @entity292 , obstruction and @entity733 . Nutritional treatment seemed less effective in cases complicated @entity292 , obstruction and @entity733 .

title: [Management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anal lesion']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of age on ultraviolet radiation-B (UVR-B)-induced @entity231 and to detect the maximum acceptable dose in @entity35 of different age groups. METHODS: Four age groups of 20 @entity35 each, aged 3, 6, 10, and 18 weeks, were included. Each age group was divided into five UVR-B dose subgroups. The @entity35 were unilaterally exposed to UVR- @entity5999 (max) = 302.6 nm, lambda(0.5) = 4.5 nm). The incident dose on the cornea varied between 0 and 8 kJ/m(2). One week after exposure, the @entity35 were killed, both lenses were extracted, the intensity of forward light-scattering was measured, and photographs were taken. The sensitivity of the lens to UVR-B was estimated as the maximum acceptable dose. RESULTS: The maximum acceptable dose for 3-, 6-, 10-, and 18-week-old @entity35 was estimated to be 1.4, 2.7, 4.3 and 5.2 kJ/m(2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity35 were more sensitive to UVR-B than old ones. Age should be considered when estimating the risk for UVR-B-induced @entity231 .

title: Ultraviolet radiation-induced XXXX : age and maximum acceptable dose.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: An interrupted noise exposure of sufficient intensity, presented on a daily repeating cycle, produces a @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) following the first day of exposure. TSs measured on subsequent days of the exposure sequence have been shown to decrease relative to the initial @entity1442 . This reduction of @entity1442 , despite the continuing daily exposure regime, has been called a cochlear toughening effect and the exposures referred to as toughening exposures. Four groups of chinchillas were exposed to one of four different noises presented on an interrupted (6 h/day for 20 days) or noninterrupted (24 h/day for 5 days) schedule. The exposures had equivalent total energy, an overall level of 100 dB(A) @entity16811 , and approximately the same flat, broadband long-term spectrum. The noises differed primarily in their temporal structures; two were Gaussian and two were non-Gausssian, nonstationary. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were used to estimate hearing thresholds and surface preparation histology was used to determine sensory cell loss. The experimental results presented here show that: (1) Exposures to interrupted high-level, non-Gaussian signals produce a toughening effect comparable to that produced by an equivalent interrupted Gaussian noise. (2) Toughening, whether produced by Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise, results in reduced @entity130 compared to the equivalent uninterrupted noise, and (3) that both continuous and interrupted non-Gaussian exposures produce more @entity130 than do energy and spectrally equivalent Gaussian noises. Over the course of the 20-day exposure, the pattern of @entity1442 following each day's exposure could exhibit a variety of configurations. These results do not support the equal energy hypothesis as a unifying principal for estimating the potential of a noise exposure to produce @entity393 .

title: Cochlear toughening, protection, and potentiation of noise-induced XXXX by non-Gaussian noise.

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['threshold shift', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: A series of 49 cases with @entity49 ( @entity49 ) and a series of 17 cases with @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) without @entity49 , both observed between 1973 and 1983, have been compared. @entity1829 has been found in 100% of @entity5576 and 28.5% of @entity49 , visual acuity loss in 52% of @entity5576 and 6% of @entity49 , obnubilation in 0% of @entity5576 and 65% of @entity49 . Cerebrospinal fluid, EEG, cerebral angiography and Scanner were normal in all cases of @entity5576 , while in @entity49 the same investigations were abnormal in respectively 90%, 100%, 100% and 54% of cases. Prognosis was excellent in @entity5576 with only one residual mild @entity227 . Recurrences occurred in 18% of @entity5576 . Among @entity49 18% died, 23% developed @entity16 , 59% totally recovered. There was no recurrence. On the basis of this comparative study we emphasize the following points: 6% of @entity49 only follow a course of @entity5576 from end to end, according to Johnston and Paterson's diagnostic criteria of @entity5576 . These cases concern only @entity715 of lateral sinuses. Other cases of @entity49 rather deal with @entity1 admitted in neurosurgical units on emergency. Diagnosis of @entity49 is a difficult one and prognosis is still serious in spite of the use of Heparin. 85% of @entity5576 are irrelevant to @entity49 . @entity5576 is a "quiet" intracranial @entity101 without trouble of vigilance. Prognosis is really good if diagnosis is early made, in spite of possible multiple recurrences. Treatment consists of CSF subtraction, preferably through external lumbar drainage, and @entity3791 prescription. @entity542 and hormonal imbalance in @entity1 are two common etiologies of @entity5576 and @entity49 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Benign intracranial XXXX (17 cases) and cerebral venous thromboses (49 cases). Comparative study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['loss of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injuries']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['CVT', 'cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['Papilledema']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['BIH', 'benign intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The results of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in 19 cases of @entity3620 are presented. Adequate material for a diagnosis of @entity5 was obtained in 17 cases, and in 8 cases a specific diagnosis of @entity2615 could be made. In four other cases, the findings were either consistent with or suggestive of @entity2615 ; in four, accurate distinction from other @entity5 was not possible, and in two cases, @entity420 was suggested. The spectrum of cytologic findings ranged from @entity5 of purely epithelial appearance through more pleomorphic biphasic @entity5 . A combination of epithelial-like cell clusters, pavement-like sheets of epithelial cells with well-defined cell borders and prominent cell separation, dispersed angular cells with dense cytoplasm and some spindle-cell forms was the most specific cytologic pattern for @entity2615 . In four @entity5 , ultrastructural examination of aspirated material provided the additional evidence for a definitive diagnosis. The identification of hyaluronic acid within intracytoplasmic vacuoles, either in smears or in cell blocks, confirmed the diagnosis in three @entity5 . Only in one case, with a strong clinical background suggesting @entity2615 , was the cytologic preparation sufficient for diagnosis without ancillary diagnostic methods. FNA is of particular value in the diagnosis of @entity2615 in @entity1 who do not present with a @entity1143 . Obtaining material for cell block preparations, cytochemistry or ultrastructural study is generally necessary for definitive @entity5 typing.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'tumors', 'neoplasms to anaplastic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: This prosthesis was developed in the Department of Rehabilitation, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India to deal with the problems of badly formed or difficult above-knee @entity9 . @entity1835 @entity9 are still a challenge for the rehabilitation team due to the difficulty in fitting the prosthesis which is the first stage in the total rehabilitation of the amputee. It is the author's observation that those cases with @entity1835 above-knee @entity9 who are fitted with a prosthesis with some type of socket keep attending the prosthetic section complaining of @entity158 . The @entity158 in most of these cases is due to local contact of the stump surface with the socket. None of the prostheses already available can deal with this problem effectively. The hanging stump prosthesis without socket has been developed on the principle of no socket, no contact, no @entity158 . This prosthesis has no socket but a metallic ring consisting of a well padded, well moulded ischial seat. This metallic ring is attached to the hollowed out wooden thigh piece by medial and lateral vertical bars. The outer side of the metallic ring is attached to the pelvic belt through the hip joint. The rest of the prosthesis is similar to the standard above-knee prosthesis.

title: Hanging stump prosthesis without socket for @entity1835 above-knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['stumps']


abstract: This prosthesis was developed in the Department of Rehabilitation, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India to deal with the problems of badly formed or difficult above-knee @entity9 . @entity1835 @entity9 are still a challenge for the rehabilitation team due to the difficulty in fitting the prosthesis which is the first stage in the total rehabilitation of the amputee. It is the author's observation that those cases with @entity1835 above-knee @entity9 who are fitted with a prosthesis with some type of socket keep attending the prosthetic section complaining of @entity158 . The @entity158 in most of these cases is due to local contact of the stump surface with the socket. None of the prostheses already available can deal with this problem effectively. The hanging stump prosthesis without socket has been developed on the principle of no socket, no contact, no @entity158 . This prosthesis has no socket but a metallic ring consisting of a well padded, well moulded ischial seat. This metallic ring is attached to the hollowed out wooden thigh piece by medial and lateral vertical bars. The outer side of the metallic ring is attached to the pelvic belt through the hip joint. The rest of the prosthesis is similar to the standard above-knee prosthesis.

title: Hanging stump prosthesis without socket for XXXX above-knee @entity9 .

answer: @entity1835 :: (572,Gene) :: ['bad']


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity1 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity4381 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity4381 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity174 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity1 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity173 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity1 and 76% @entity1 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity1 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity1 experiencing clinical @entity174 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity174 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity174 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity1 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity1 with @entity173 .

title: XXXX results in better health-related quality of life following hip @entity174 : the HORIZON-Recurrent @entity174 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic Acid']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['low-trauma hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'Fracture', 'non-vertebral fractures']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['Zoledronic acid']


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity1 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity4381 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity4381 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity174 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity1 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity173 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity1 and 76% @entity1 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity1 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity1 experiencing clinical @entity174 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity174 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity174 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity1 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity1 with @entity173 .

title: @entity4381 results in better health-related quality of life following hip XXXX : the HORIZON-Recurrent @entity174 Trial.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity1 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity4381 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity1 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity4381 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity174 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity1 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity173 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity1 and 76% @entity1 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity1 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity1 experiencing clinical @entity174 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity174 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity174 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity1 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity1 with @entity173 .

title: @entity4381 results in better health-related quality of life following hip @entity174 : the HORIZON-Recurrent XXXX Trial.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fracture']


abstract: In the present study, the adhesibility of @entity16762 trophozoites and cysts to hydrogel contact lenses and to @entity1 @entity267 was investigated. Segments of unworn contact lenses were prepared (120 segments in total). In addition, 8 corneal buttons were obtained from 8 enucleated eyes. And each @entity267 cut into 8 radial segments. To these lens and corneal segments, 1.2 x 106/ml and 1.3 x 106/ml of cysts and trophozoites respectively were added under varying conditions. The adhesion was checked at 0, 3 and 24 hours after the exposure. Adhesion analysis showed that the trophozoites adhered equally well to lens or @entity267 . There is an increase in the number of trophozoites adhering to contact lenses as well as @entity267 . This difference is more significant for contact lenses. Washing of contact lenses significantly decreased the adherence of the trophozoites after 3 hours of incubation. When the comparison of adhesion was done between the unwashed worn and unwashed unworn contact lenses, it was observed that there was a significant difference in adherence to new lenses where the adherence was much lower. The study shows that washing of contact lenses does decrease the chances of colonization by Acantamoeba catellani and also that older lenses have higher chances of getting colonized probably due to the occurrence of scratches et. on the surface which may help in colonization.

title: XXXX adherence to soft contact lens and @entity1 corneal stroma.

entities_list: @entity16762 :: ('5755', 'Species') :: ['Acanthamoeba castellani']

answer: @entity16762 :: (5755,Species) :: ['Acanthamoeba']


abstract: In the present study, the adhesibility of @entity16762 trophozoites and cysts to hydrogel contact lenses and to @entity1 @entity267 was investigated. Segments of unworn contact lenses were prepared (120 segments in total). In addition, 8 corneal buttons were obtained from 8 enucleated eyes. And each @entity267 cut into 8 radial segments. To these lens and corneal segments, 1.2 x 106/ml and 1.3 x 106/ml of cysts and trophozoites respectively were added under varying conditions. The adhesion was checked at 0, 3 and 24 hours after the exposure. Adhesion analysis showed that the trophozoites adhered equally well to lens or @entity267 . There is an increase in the number of trophozoites adhering to contact lenses as well as @entity267 . This difference is more significant for contact lenses. Washing of contact lenses significantly decreased the adherence of the trophozoites after 3 hours of incubation. When the comparison of adhesion was done between the unwashed worn and unwashed unworn contact lenses, it was observed that there was a significant difference in adherence to new lenses where the adherence was much lower. The study shows that washing of contact lenses does decrease the chances of colonization by Acantamoeba catellani and also that older lenses have higher chances of getting colonized probably due to the occurrence of scratches et. on the surface which may help in colonization.

title: @entity16762 adherence to soft contact lens and XXXX corneal stroma.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the only option for long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ), but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the perioperative management and short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of @entity201 in a recent, multi-institutional study with a short inclusion period. METHODS: Between January and December 2008, a register prospectively collected data on @entity1 operated on for @entity201 (exploratory or curative surgery) in eight tertiary centers. The register focused on perioperative management, resectability, surgical procedures employed, morbidity, and mortality. The study cohort consisted of 56 @entity1 (40 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) with a median age of 63 years (range, 33-83 years). RESULTS: Among the 56 @entity1 , 47 (84%) were @entity5 were classified as Bismuth-Corlette type III-IV. Nine @entity1 (16%) underwent staging laparoscopy and four (7%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative biliary drainage (endoscopy, 42%) was performed in 38 (81%) @entity1087 @entity1 and @entity887 (right side, 83%) was performed prior to surgery in 18 @entity1 (32%). Among these 56 @entity1 , curative resection was achieved in 39 (70%). All underwent major liver resection (>3 segments), bile duct resection, and lymphadenectomy. Thirteen @entity1 (36%) underwent portal vein resection, one of whom also required pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eighty-two percent of resected @entity1 (n = 32) had no proof of @entity5 prior to hepatectomy. Clear surgical margins were obtained in 77% (n = 30). The postoperative mortality was 8% and complications occurred in 72% of the resected @entity1 . Seven (25%) @entity1 required reoperation, and 15 (54%) @entity1 required percutaneous drainage. In a univariate analysis, the risk factors for morbidity were intraoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.009) and vascular clamping (p = 0.006). The median length of hospitalization was 20    13 days. CONCLUSION: Curative resection for @entity201 is associated with a high rate of R0 resection. However, surgery is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, despite intensive perioperative management.

title: Surgery for @entity201 : a multi-institutional update on practice and outcome by the AFC- XXXX study group.

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'jaundiced and 42 (75%) tumors']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein embolization']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'HC']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['HC']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the only option for long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity201 ( @entity201 ), but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the perioperative management and short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of @entity201 in a recent, multi-institutional study with a short inclusion period. METHODS: Between January and December 2008, a register prospectively collected data on @entity1 operated on for @entity201 (exploratory or curative surgery) in eight tertiary centers. The register focused on perioperative management, resectability, surgical procedures employed, morbidity, and mortality. The study cohort consisted of 56 @entity1 (40 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) with a median age of 63 years (range, 33-83 years). RESULTS: Among the 56 @entity1 , 47 (84%) were @entity5 were classified as Bismuth-Corlette type III-IV. Nine @entity1 (16%) underwent staging laparoscopy and four (7%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative biliary drainage (endoscopy, 42%) was performed in 38 (81%) @entity1087 @entity1 and @entity887 (right side, 83%) was performed prior to surgery in 18 @entity1 (32%). Among these 56 @entity1 , curative resection was achieved in 39 (70%). All underwent major liver resection (>3 segments), bile duct resection, and lymphadenectomy. Thirteen @entity1 (36%) underwent portal vein resection, one of whom also required pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eighty-two percent of resected @entity1 (n = 32) had no proof of @entity5 prior to hepatectomy. Clear surgical margins were obtained in 77% (n = 30). The postoperative mortality was 8% and complications occurred in 72% of the resected @entity1 . Seven (25%) @entity1 required reoperation, and 15 (54%) @entity1 required percutaneous drainage. In a univariate analysis, the risk factors for morbidity were intraoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.009) and vascular clamping (p = 0.006). The median length of hospitalization was 20    13 days. CONCLUSION: Curative resection for @entity201 is associated with a high rate of R0 resection. However, surgery is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, despite intensive perioperative management.

title: Surgery for XXXX : a multi-institutional update on practice and outcome by the AFC- @entity201 study group.

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['hilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbus Morbihan is a rare complication of @entity6509 , consisting of a persistent lymphoedema of the upper part of the face. It has typically a chronic course, unspecific histopathological findings and an extreme refractoriness to therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 2008 and January 2010, 5 @entity1 with Morbus Morbihan were observed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Centre Mainz. In the present cohort study, we describe the clinical, laboratory and histological findings that led to the diagnosis. The course of the affection and the results of different therapeutic options are also reported. RESULTS: Each @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, as well as general and dermatological consultations. All @entity1 showed facial skin alterations typical for @entity6509 . 4 out of 5 subjects underwent a lid biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Morbus Morbihan, one @entity1 refused it. Initial treatment consisted of various systemic and local medical therapies, however, with poor success. One @entity1 had intravenous therapy with @entity288 elsewhere with no effect. We treated 3 cases with intralesional @entity2713 injections with good results. 2 @entity1 underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. Results of surgery remained stable also due to manual lymph drainage and intralesional injections of triamcinolon. No complications or side effects were seen in @entity1 treated with @entity2713 . CONCLUSIONS: Morbus Morbihan can be diagnosed only after excluding other conditions leading to chronic lid swelling. In our series, good results were achieved with intralesional injection of @entity2713 . Surgery also led to relevant improvements for a long period (13 months), with some adjuvant therapy. The treatment of chronic eyelid @entity4 associated with @entity6509 remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist and the oculoplastic surgeon.

title: [ @entity4 and XXXX (Morbus Morbihan): diagnostic and therapeutic challenges].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['rosacea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbus Morbihan is a rare complication of @entity6509 , consisting of a persistent lymphoedema of the upper part of the face. It has typically a chronic course, unspecific histopathological findings and an extreme refractoriness to therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 2008 and January 2010, 5 @entity1 with Morbus Morbihan were observed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Centre Mainz. In the present cohort study, we describe the clinical, laboratory and histological findings that led to the diagnosis. The course of the affection and the results of different therapeutic options are also reported. RESULTS: Each @entity1 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, as well as general and dermatological consultations. All @entity1 showed facial skin alterations typical for @entity6509 . 4 out of 5 subjects underwent a lid biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Morbus Morbihan, one @entity1 refused it. Initial treatment consisted of various systemic and local medical therapies, however, with poor success. One @entity1 had intravenous therapy with @entity288 elsewhere with no effect. We treated 3 cases with intralesional @entity2713 injections with good results. 2 @entity1 underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. Results of surgery remained stable also due to manual lymph drainage and intralesional injections of triamcinolon. No complications or side effects were seen in @entity1 treated with @entity2713 . CONCLUSIONS: Morbus Morbihan can be diagnosed only after excluding other conditions leading to chronic lid swelling. In our series, good results were achieved with intralesional injection of @entity2713 . Surgery also led to relevant improvements for a long period (13 months), with some adjuvant therapy. The treatment of chronic eyelid @entity4 associated with @entity6509 remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist and the oculoplastic surgeon.

title: [ XXXX and @entity6509 (Morbus Morbihan): diagnostic and therapeutic challenges].

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Chronic eyelid oedema']


abstract: Antithyroid drugs are effective in restoring euthyroidism in @entity2743 , but many @entity1 experience relapse after withdrawal. Prevention of recurrence would therefore be a desirable goal. In a prospective study, @entity1 with successful outcome of 12 to 15 months antithyroid drug therapy were stratified for risk factors and randomly assigned to receive @entity1955 in a variable thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive dose for 2 years or no treatment. The @entity1955 group was randomized to continue or discontinue @entity1955 after 1 year. End points included relapse of @entity1378 . Of 346 @entity1 with @entity2743 enrolled 225 were euthyroid 4 weeks after antithyroid drug withdrawal and were randomly assigned to receive @entity1955 (114 @entity1 ) or no treatment (controls, 111 @entity1 ). Of those not randomized, 39 @entity1 showed early relapse within 4 weeks, 61 endogenous TSH suppression, 7 TSH elevation, and 14 had to be excluded. Dropout rate during the study were 13.3%. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed relapse rates to be similar in the @entity1955 group (20% after 1 year, 32% after 2 years) and the randomized controls (18%, 24%), whereas relapses were significantly more frequent in the follow-up group of @entity1 with endogenously suppressed TSH (33%, 49%). @entity1955 therapy did not influence TSH-receptor antibody, nor did it reduce @entity5651 size. The best prognostic marker available was basal TSH determined 4 weeks after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (posttreatment TSH). The study demonstrates that @entity1955 does not prevent relapse of @entity1378 after successful restoration of euthyroid function by antithyroid drugs and characterizes posttreatment TSH as a main prognostic marker.

title: Relapse of XXXX after successful outcome of antithyroid drug therapy: results of a prospective randomized study on the use of @entity1955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'overt hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Antithyroid drugs are effective in restoring euthyroidism in @entity2743 , but many @entity1 experience relapse after withdrawal. Prevention of recurrence would therefore be a desirable goal. In a prospective study, @entity1 with successful outcome of 12 to 15 months antithyroid drug therapy were stratified for risk factors and randomly assigned to receive @entity1955 in a variable thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive dose for 2 years or no treatment. The @entity1955 group was randomized to continue or discontinue @entity1955 after 1 year. End points included relapse of @entity1378 . Of 346 @entity1 with @entity2743 enrolled 225 were euthyroid 4 weeks after antithyroid drug withdrawal and were randomly assigned to receive @entity1955 (114 @entity1 ) or no treatment (controls, 111 @entity1 ). Of those not randomized, 39 @entity1 showed early relapse within 4 weeks, 61 endogenous TSH suppression, 7 TSH elevation, and 14 had to be excluded. Dropout rate during the study were 13.3%. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed relapse rates to be similar in the @entity1955 group (20% after 1 year, 32% after 2 years) and the randomized controls (18%, 24%), whereas relapses were significantly more frequent in the follow-up group of @entity1 with endogenously suppressed TSH (33%, 49%). @entity1955 therapy did not influence TSH-receptor antibody, nor did it reduce @entity5651 size. The best prognostic marker available was basal TSH determined 4 weeks after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (posttreatment TSH). The study demonstrates that @entity1955 does not prevent relapse of @entity1378 after successful restoration of euthyroid function by antithyroid drugs and characterizes posttreatment TSH as a main prognostic marker.

title: Relapse of @entity2743 after successful outcome of antithyroid drug therapy: results of a prospective randomized study on the use of XXXX .

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern about @entity172 -related adverse effects has led to progressive reductions in the @entity172 dose in combination oral contraceptives (COCs). However, reducing the amount of @entity172 to improve safety could result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness and unacceptable changes in @entity548 patterns. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that COCs containing  <= 20  g @entity2082 (EE) perform similarly as those containing > 20  g in terms of contraceptive effectiveness, @entity548 patterns, discontinuation, and side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP, and examined references of eligible trials. Initially, we wrote to oral contraceptive manufacturers to identify trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: English-language reports of randomized controlled trials were eligible that compare a COC containing  <= 20  g EE with a COC containing > 20  g EE. We excluded studies where the interventions were designed to be administered for less than three consecutive cycles or to be used primarily as treatment for non-contraceptive conditions. Trials had to report on contraceptive effectiveness, @entity548 patterns, trial discontinuation due to @entity548 -related reasons or other side effects, or side effects to be included in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One author evaluated all titles and abstracts from literature searches to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted data from studies identified for inclusion. We wrote to the researchers when additional information was needed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan. MAIN RESULTS: No differences were found in contraceptive effectiveness for the 13 COC pairs for which this outcome was reported. Compared to the higher- @entity172 pills, several COCs containing 20  g EE resulted in higher rates of early trial discontinuation (overall and due to adverse events such as @entity548 ) as well as increased risk of @entity548 disturbances (both @entity2588 or infrequent @entity548 and irregular, prolonged, frequent @entity548 , or @entity1867 or spotting). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: While COCs containing 20  g EE may be theoretically safer, this review did not focus on the rare events required to assess this hypothesis. Data from existing randomized controlled trials are inadequate to detect possible differences in contraceptive effectiveness. Low-dose @entity172 COCs resulted in higher rates of @entity548 pattern disruptions. However, most trials compared COCs containing different progestin types, and changes in @entity548 patterns could be related to @entity1871 type as well as @entity172 dose. Higher follow-up rates are essential for meaningful interpretation of results.

title: 20   g versus >20   g XXXX combined oral contraceptives for contraception.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['irregular bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several viruses can cause @entity5163 , a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing diagnostic methods include ELISA and nucleic acid amplification, usually performed individually. OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection of major enteric viral pathogens. (2) Quantitation of viral load by normalizing with an extrinsic control. STUDY DESIGN: A simple protocol combining a one-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with microsphere-based fluorescence detection was developed for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus. An extrinsic control, bacteriophage @entity23493 , was spiked into each fecal sample before nucleic acid extraction to normalize between samples for the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction and amplification. RESULTS: The fluorescent results were quantitative and nearly as sensitive as the corresponding singleplex real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay on analytic samples. Upon testing 229 fecal samples from inpatients with @entity294 in Tanzania the assay yielded between 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity for all analytes. The difference in fluorescence intensities of @entity23493 between samples indicated variable extraction efficiency and was used to better refine the viral load of each specimen. CONCLUSIONS: This one-step nucleic acid-based assay enables rapid, sensitive and specific detection of the major viral causes of @entity1902 . The quantitation yielded by the assay is informative for clinical research particularly in the context of @entity325 .

title: Multiplex reverse transcription PCR Luminex assay for detection and quantitation of viral agents of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5046 ( @entity5046 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in the adult @entity130 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity130 @entity1 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity1 was screened for @entity281 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity281 . Of the 2,645 @entity1 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5046 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity580 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity5046 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity1 with the @entity5046 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity580 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity1 presenting with a @entity5046 was two times greater than in @entity1 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity5046 significantly increases the risk of @entity130 @entity1 acquiring an @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity5046 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity281 on acquisition of @entity580 , length of stay, and mortality in adult XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NI', 'nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5046 ( @entity5046 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in the adult @entity130 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity130 @entity1 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity1 was screened for @entity281 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity281 . Of the 2,645 @entity1 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5046 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity580 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity5046 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity1 with the @entity5046 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity580 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity1 presenting with a @entity5046 was two times greater than in @entity1 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity5046 significantly increases the risk of @entity130 @entity1 acquiring an @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity5046 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity281 on acquisition of XXXX , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity130 @entity1 .

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infection']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5046 ( @entity5046 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in the adult @entity130 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity130 @entity1 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity1 was screened for @entity281 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity281 . Of the 2,645 @entity1 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5046 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity580 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity5046 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity1 with the @entity5046 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity580 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity1 presenting with a @entity5046 was two times greater than in @entity1 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity5046 significantly increases the risk of @entity130 @entity1 acquiring an @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity5046 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired XXXX on acquisition of @entity580 , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity130 @entity1 .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The incidence of @entity5046 ( @entity5046 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in the adult @entity130 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity130 @entity1 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity1 was screened for @entity281 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity281 . Of the 2,645 @entity1 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5046 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity580 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity5046 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity1 with the @entity5046 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity580 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity1 presenting with a @entity5046 was two times greater than in @entity1 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity5046 significantly increases the risk of @entity130 @entity1 acquiring an @entity580 . The combination of @entity5046 and @entity580 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity5046 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity5046 and @entity580 , younger @entity1 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity281 on acquisition of @entity580 , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity130 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Serum CA 19-9 levels were measured in 63 @entity1 with ductal @entity788 and in 49 @entity1 with @entity1689 . Concentrations were abnormally high (greater than 40 U/ml) in 57 (90%) @entity1 with @entity5 and only in 5 (10%) @entity1 with @entity1689 . All @entity1 with falsely normal serum values had poorly differentiated @entity189 . Median CA 19-9 concentrations were progressively higher in @entity1 with more @entity5 . Fifteen of 16 (93%) @entity1 with @entity5 has abnormal serum levels but only 5 (31%) of them had values greater than 120 U/ml, which was the highest score observed in @entity1 with @entity1689 . Pure pancreatic juice was obtained endoscopically from 23 @entity1 with @entity788 and from 20 with @entity1689 . CA 19-9 concentrations in pancreatic juice were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5 than in non-neoplastic @entity1 . All 11 @entity1 with resectable @entity5 investigated had a ratio of CA 19-9 to secretory protein concentration in pancreatic juice above the range of @entity1 with @entity1689 . We conclude that serum CA 19-9 determination is highly sensitive and specific for the differential diagnosis of @entity788 versus @entity1689 . However, moderately increased values (less than 120 U/ml), as seen in @entity1 with localized @entity788 , are not conclusive for @entity5 . The measurement of CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in pure pancreatic juice is proposed as an adjunctive, accurate diagnostic marker for early stages of @entity788 .

title: Determination of CA 19-9 antigen in serum and pancreatic juice for differential diagnosis of XXXX from @entity1689 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized cancer', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Serum CA 19-9 levels were measured in 63 @entity1 with ductal @entity788 and in 49 @entity1 with @entity1689 . Concentrations were abnormally high (greater than 40 U/ml) in 57 (90%) @entity1 with @entity5 and only in 5 (10%) @entity1 with @entity1689 . All @entity1 with falsely normal serum values had poorly differentiated @entity189 . Median CA 19-9 concentrations were progressively higher in @entity1 with more @entity5 . Fifteen of 16 (93%) @entity1 with @entity5 has abnormal serum levels but only 5 (31%) of them had values greater than 120 U/ml, which was the highest score observed in @entity1 with @entity1689 . Pure pancreatic juice was obtained endoscopically from 23 @entity1 with @entity788 and from 20 with @entity1689 . CA 19-9 concentrations in pancreatic juice were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5 than in non-neoplastic @entity1 . All 11 @entity1 with resectable @entity5 investigated had a ratio of CA 19-9 to secretory protein concentration in pancreatic juice above the range of @entity1 with @entity1689 . We conclude that serum CA 19-9 determination is highly sensitive and specific for the differential diagnosis of @entity788 versus @entity1689 . However, moderately increased values (less than 120 U/ml), as seen in @entity1 with localized @entity788 , are not conclusive for @entity5 . The measurement of CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in pure pancreatic juice is proposed as an adjunctive, accurate diagnostic marker for early stages of @entity788 .

title: Determination of CA 19-9 antigen in serum and pancreatic juice for differential diagnosis of @entity788 from XXXX .

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: Fallout of bacteria and contamination at the wound site were studied during a standardized orthopaedic operation using sedimentation plates and a bacterial sampler. The procedure was performed in either a conventionally ventilated operating theatre or in an ultraclean air enclosure. The staff was dressed in either an all- @entity2708 system (working clothes and theatre gown) or @entity2708 working clothes in combination with Ventile theatre gown, or a laminate disposable theatre gown, or finally a @entity7502 coverall and a laminate theatre gown. The @entity1 were draped in @entity2708 or laminate. The study was done during 5 periods. The most striking effect was seen when the combination of the coverall and the laminate theatre gown was used. The fallout in the conventional theatre was then at the same level as in the ultraclean air. It was even less than using Ventile gowns and laminate drapes in ultraclean air. The contamination at the wound site showed the same pattern. However, least contamination was recorded when laminate gowns and laminate drapes were used in ultraclean air.

title: XXXX draping and staff clothing in the operating theatre: a microbiological study.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and symptoms of @entity63 ( @entity63 ) after systematic lymph node dissection (LND) and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in @entity1 with primary @entity2 . METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 1,071 @entity1 underwent a standard resection for @entity1149 and radical systematic lymph node dissection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed systematically between days 7 and 12. We analyzed the clinical and biologic signs of @entity63 . Once the diagnosis established a treatment by hyperbaric @entity26 , therapy was undertaken. RESULTS: A @entity63 was observed in 34 @entity1 (3.21%) (2 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ). Mean age was 59    10 years (range, 25 to 79 years). A @entity63 occurred within 8    3 days; after right pulmonary resection (n = 21; 62%) and after left resection (n = 13; 38%). A @entity63 appeared asymptomatically for 27 @entity1 (80%), whereas only 7 @entity1 (20%) presented with @entity221 and hyperleukocytosis. Their localization were @entity2488 (n = 21; 62%), homolateral bronchial tree (n = 11; 32%), or extension toward the contralateral bronchial tree (n = 2; 6%). The mean number of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy sessions was 14 (1 to 48). A @entity63 worsening was observed in 6 @entity1 (18%), requiring a surgical rescue therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of @entity63 is poor and systematic fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed, especially in @entity1 with a high risk of @entity292 . Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in the management of @entity63 may be a promising adjunctive treatment.

title: Postoperative @entity63 after lymph node dissection and primary XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic bronchitis', 'postoperative ischemic bronchitis', 'POIB']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stumps']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopleural fistula']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and symptoms of @entity63 ( @entity63 ) after systematic lymph node dissection (LND) and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in @entity1 with primary @entity2 . METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 1,071 @entity1 underwent a standard resection for @entity1149 and radical systematic lymph node dissection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed systematically between days 7 and 12. We analyzed the clinical and biologic signs of @entity63 . Once the diagnosis established a treatment by hyperbaric @entity26 , therapy was undertaken. RESULTS: A @entity63 was observed in 34 @entity1 (3.21%) (2 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ). Mean age was 59    10 years (range, 25 to 79 years). A @entity63 occurred within 8    3 days; after right pulmonary resection (n = 21; 62%) and after left resection (n = 13; 38%). A @entity63 appeared asymptomatically for 27 @entity1 (80%), whereas only 7 @entity1 (20%) presented with @entity221 and hyperleukocytosis. Their localization were @entity2488 (n = 21; 62%), homolateral bronchial tree (n = 11; 32%), or extension toward the contralateral bronchial tree (n = 2; 6%). The mean number of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy sessions was 14 (1 to 48). A @entity63 worsening was observed in 6 @entity1 (18%), requiring a surgical rescue therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of @entity63 is poor and systematic fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed, especially in @entity1 with a high risk of @entity292 . Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in the management of @entity63 may be a promising adjunctive treatment.

title: Postoperative XXXX after lymph node dissection and primary @entity2 resection.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic bronchitis']


abstract: A new method for on-line sample preparation of surface water extracts for the reversed phase HPLC analysis of the fungicide @entity36096 at the ppb level is presented. Water samples are extracted with @entity1044 and after concentration and evaporation to dryness, taken up in a mixture of @entity1626 /water. 2-Ml aliquots are injected onto a small precolumn, which is subsequently flushed with 20% @entity1626 in water as a clean-up step. The precolumn is switched on-line with the analytical column, and, using 47.5% @entity1626 in water as the eluent, the concentrated zone of @entity36096 is desorbed and transported to the analytical column. Detection takes place with UV at 229 nm. The resulting chromatograms are free of interferences. The detection limit of the method in 0.02 ppb. Good reproducibility and linear calibration curves are obtained. The results of the method are in agreement with those of capillary GC analysis with cold-on-column injection. The advantage of the method compared to GC is the lower susceptibility to errors due to the presence of interferences.

title: Liquid chromatographic determination of the fungicide XXXX in surface water, using on-line preconcentration.

entities_list: @entity36096 :: ('MESH:C033148', 'Chemical') :: ['iprodione']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

answer: @entity36096 :: (MESH:C033148,Chemical) :: ['iprodione']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity1370 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity870 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity870 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity842 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity35 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity870 , used alone or in association with @entity701 (HY), on intracellular @entity460 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity870 increased intracellular @entity460 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity460 , while dramatically reduced @entity870 -induced @entity460 fluxes. @entity870 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity870 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity35 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity870 @entity137 is due to a @entity460 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity870 -induced @entity137 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity460 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity870 -induced @entity1370 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: @entity701 has a protective effect on XXXX -induced @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['CyclosporinA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric Oxide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['CyclosporinA']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity1370 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity870 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity870 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity842 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity35 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity870 , used alone or in association with @entity701 (HY), on intracellular @entity460 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity870 increased intracellular @entity460 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity460 , while dramatically reduced @entity870 -induced @entity460 fluxes. @entity870 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity870 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity35 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity870 @entity137 is due to a @entity460 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity870 -induced @entity137 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity460 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity870 -induced @entity1370 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: @entity701 has a protective effect on @entity205 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity1370 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity870 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity870 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity842 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity35 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity870 , used alone or in association with @entity701 (HY), on intracellular @entity460 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity870 increased intracellular @entity460 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity460 , while dramatically reduced @entity870 -induced @entity460 fluxes. @entity870 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity870 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity35 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity870 @entity137 is due to a @entity460 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity870 -induced @entity137 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity460 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity870 -induced @entity1370 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: XXXX has a protective effect on @entity205 -induced @entity1370 .

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Hydrocortisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk for atypia and @entity189 in large @entity3243 is not known. Atypia and @entity189 were determined in small (<2 g) and large (>= 2 g) @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy for @entity459 . METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of a 5-year prospective database. Tumor weight, histopathology, age, gender, @entity460 , and parathyroid hormone levels were registered. @entity1 with 4-gland disease were not included. RESULTS: Among 353 @entity3243 , 313 weighed <2 g and 40 weighed >= 2 g. There was no difference in age between groups. @entity1 with large @entity5 were more frequently @entity1 and had higher @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels. Atypia was found in 4 of 313 (1.3%) and 7 of 40 (17.5%) small and large @entity5 , respectively (P < .05). Corresponding figures for @entity189 were 1 of 313 (.3%) and 2 of 40 (5.0%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Large @entity3243 have increased risk for atypia and @entity189 . Even so, most large @entity3243 are benign.

title: Large @entity3243 have an increased risk of atypia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid tumors']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk for atypia and @entity189 in large @entity3243 is not known. Atypia and @entity189 were determined in small (<2 g) and large (>= 2 g) @entity5 in @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy for @entity459 . METHODS: The study was a retrospective analysis of a 5-year prospective database. Tumor weight, histopathology, age, gender, @entity460 , and parathyroid hormone levels were registered. @entity1 with 4-gland disease were not included. RESULTS: Among 353 @entity3243 , 313 weighed <2 g and 40 weighed >= 2 g. There was no difference in age between groups. @entity1 with large @entity5 were more frequently @entity1 and had higher @entity460 and parathyroid hormone levels. Atypia was found in 4 of 313 (1.3%) and 7 of 40 (17.5%) small and large @entity5 , respectively (P < .05). Corresponding figures for @entity189 were 1 of 313 (.3%) and 2 of 40 (5.0%) (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Large @entity3243 have increased risk for atypia and @entity189 . Even so, most large @entity3243 are benign.

title: Large XXXX have an increased risk of atypia and @entity189 .

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity1355 complicated with @entity3620 @entity1 . METHODS: In 3 cases of @entity1355 complicated with @entity3620 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In the 3 @entity1 , 2 cases of @entity2615 , with chest tightness, @entity662 as initial symptom; 1 case of @entity298 , with @entity1661 , @entity490 , @entity3833 as initial symptom. One case of the @entity2615 misdiagnosed as @entity3254 . 3 @entity1 were in CT or B ultrasound guided biopsy pathology confirmed to be @entity3620 . 2 @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy, another received symptomatic and supportive treatment. Up till now, 3 @entity1 have died. CONCLUSION: The disease is a high degree of malignant, the early clinical manifestations are not specific, easily missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The treatment effect is not ideal, the prognosis is poor. Biopsy is a reliable method for diagnosis of MM.

title: [Analysis of the clinical diagnosis of XXXX complicated with @entity3620 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest and back pain']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestosis']