abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the development regularity, treatment methods and @entity44 ( @entity44 ). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity44 , admitted from 1958 to 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 31 @entity1 with stage I, 4 with stage II, 2 with stage III and 1 with stage IV lesions. Twenty-seven @entity1 had recurrences and 2 had distant metastases. Unilateral adnexectomy was performed for stage I lesions. From the 1980s, this was followed by four-cycles of combination chemotherapy (VAC, @entity7297 or BEP x 3 cycles) as post-operative adjuvant therapy. Combined chemotherapy and multiple operations were performed for advanced and recurrent lesions. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 75% (50/67). However, there was a remarkable difference in the results from the various periods. From 1958 to 1983, the 5-year survival rate was 40% (6/15), and it was raised to 79% (26/33) from 1984 to 1993. In the period 1994 to 1998, 95% (18/19)of @entity1 were rescued. Thirty-five @entity1 who had early lesions (stage I and II) had a 5-year survival rate of 91.4% (32/35). Thirty-two @entity1 with recurrent or advanced lesions had a 5-years survival rate of 56% (18/32). There were 8 @entity1 with @entity5 and their 5-year survival rate was only 25% (2/8). The chief prognostic factors for this disease are clinical stage, pathological grade and adequate treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity44 is a potentially curable disease in today's practice. It is characterized by the fact that recurrent @entity5 may be converted back to mature ones as time goes on. With chemotherapy, these is a good opportunity to rescue those @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 . At present, treatment of @entity44 gives the most satisfactory results among all @entity43 types. Tests of serum specific @entity5 markers (CA19-9, @entity160 , CA125, @entity787 ) performed preoperatively or before chemotherapy and during follow-up have been found helpful in the evaluation of prognosis.

title: Retrospective analysis of 67 consecutive cases of pure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ovarian germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['prognosis of ovary immature teratoma', 'POIT']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian immature teratoma']


abstract: The question of whether the steroidal components in oral contraceptives (OCs) may have an initiating or promotional influence on the development of @entity5 continues to be raised as a public health issue. It is estimated that since the introduction of OCs nearly 25 years ago, more than 150 million @entity1 have used 1 or more types of the formulation and nearly 1 billion @entity1 -years of exposure to the @entity230 have accumulated. Contraceptive practice in Australia would indicate that about 25% of @entity1 of reproductive age are using OCs. The debate about the OC's carcinogenic potential has recently been reopened with 2 reports in "The Lancet" of an association between the incidence of @entity0 and OC usage. Biologically the relationship between the contraceptive @entity230 and @entity5 must continue to be regarded as the most important concern with the longterm use of OCs. The demonstration of receptors to these steriods in these organs, in both normal and malignant tissues, further increases the speculation that the @entity134 hormones have a biological role in @entity105 in these target organs. Theoretical reasons exist for the concern about @entity105 and contraceptive @entity230 . This paper reviews the available evicence. Data can be derived only from large-scale epidemiological research, by means of case-control or cohort studies. No clear evidence exists that OCs cause or increase the chance of developing any @entity5 in the female genital tract and the breast. In fact, OC offers a significant protection against the development of @entity43 , especially to those @entity1 who have taken OCs for a long time. The association between the risk of @entity0 and OC use is less certain, but factors such as the history of @entity1558 , a close relationship with @entity0 , or nulliparity -- previously considered to be important -- do not appear to contribute significantly to the risk. The weight of evidence indicates that no increased risk of @entity0 exists, even in those younger @entity1 aged less than 25 years who decide to use OCs before their 1st full-term pregnancy. There is some evidence that suggests that the risk of cervical @entity5 , @entity2735 and @entity189 -- may increase slightly in OC users but the actual part played by the @entity1 's sexual history under these circumstances remains to be defined. There is now strong evidence to implicate multiplicity of @entity778 in @entity105 of the uterine cervix. There does not appear to be an overall relationship between OCs and @entity320 . Overall, the evidence is reassuring. The low-dose combined OC can be considered safe, not only in terms of @entity65 , but also in relation to @entity105 .

title: XXXX risks and the contraceptive pill. What is the evidence after nearly 25 years of use?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['sexual partners and wart virus infection']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and cervical cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma-in-situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia -- dysplasia', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and thromboembolic risks']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Between 1976 and 1984, 99 @entity1 were treated with radical external irradiation ( @entity138 ) for @entity957 of the @entity135 excluding the glottis and paranasal cavity. Twenty-six out of 55 @entity1 (47%) on chemotherapy (CT) were treated by split-course (split) @entity138 , mainly because of acute @entity33 . Only 8 out of 44 @entity1 (18%) not on CT were treated by split @entity138 . Although the group given split @entity138 alone rested for 14 days and received 35 Gy, the split @entity138 + CT group rested for 16 days and received a lower dose (30.5 Gy). The mean total doses for each treatment modality were 64 Gy in the continuous course (contin.) of @entity138 alone, 63 Gy in contin. @entity138 + CT, 67 Gy in split @entity138 , and 62 Gy in split @entity138 + CT. The observed/predicted (by a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) control ratios of primary lesions at 2 yrs were 61/80 (0.76), 72/83 (0.87), 75/73 (1.03), and 69/71 (0.97), respectively. Among @entity1 with a predicted rate of over 80%, the observed rates were almost identical (72%, 74%, 4/4, and 75%, respectively). However, for @entity1 with predicted rates of 50-80%, the observed rate was 71% (12/17) in the group given combined therapy against 50% (5/10) in @entity138 alone group. Among @entity1 with predicted rates under 50%, the observed rate was 57% (4/7) in split @entity138 + CR and only 25% (1/4) in contin. @entity138 ; there were no cases in contin. @entity138 + CT. Split @entity138 + CT is considered to be favorable for @entity1 with poor prognostic factors.

title: Local control rate of split-course irradiation combined with chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Sperm-rich semen and washed porcine spermatozoa were incubated for up to 2 hr either in utero in the presence of oviduct fluid or in vitro at 37 degrees C. Sperm lipids were extracted and separated into phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions. Eleven phospholipid and five neutral lipid @entity1718 were identified and quantified using GC and GC-MS. The percentage of 22:5n6, the major phospholipid @entity844 , decreased slightly but significantly during 1.5 hr of in utero incubation (41.2-38.0%), but after 2.0 hr of in utero incubation no significant difference was observed (40.0%). None of the phospholipid @entity1718 changed in concentration during in vitro incubation. The mole ratio of phospholipid to phospholipid @entity844 (1.00:1.27) did not change during incubation. The levels of neutral lipid-bound 14:0 decreased (43.5% to 31.8%) and that of 18:0 increased (11.1% to 18.2%) during in utero incubation. Similar but less pronounced changes were observed during in vitro incubation. (43.5% to 36.0%; and 11.1% to 15.8%, respectively). Two major @entity3150 , @entity165 (73%) and @entity19980 (27%) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mole ratio of phospholipid to @entity5068 (2.47:1:00) did not change during incubation.

title: Effects of in utero and in vitro incubation on the lipid-bound XXXX and @entity3150 of porcine spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity19980 :: ('MESH:D003897', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosterol']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Sperm-rich semen and washed porcine spermatozoa were incubated for up to 2 hr either in utero in the presence of oviduct fluid or in vitro at 37 degrees C. Sperm lipids were extracted and separated into phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions. Eleven phospholipid and five neutral lipid @entity1718 were identified and quantified using GC and GC-MS. The percentage of 22:5n6, the major phospholipid @entity844 , decreased slightly but significantly during 1.5 hr of in utero incubation (41.2-38.0%), but after 2.0 hr of in utero incubation no significant difference was observed (40.0%). None of the phospholipid @entity1718 changed in concentration during in vitro incubation. The mole ratio of phospholipid to phospholipid @entity844 (1.00:1.27) did not change during incubation. The levels of neutral lipid-bound 14:0 decreased (43.5% to 31.8%) and that of 18:0 increased (11.1% to 18.2%) during in utero incubation. Similar but less pronounced changes were observed during in vitro incubation. (43.5% to 36.0%; and 11.1% to 15.8%, respectively). Two major @entity3150 , @entity165 (73%) and @entity19980 (27%) were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mole ratio of phospholipid to @entity5068 (2.47:1:00) did not change during incubation.

title: Effects of in utero and in vitro incubation on the lipid-bound @entity1718 and XXXX of porcine spermatozoa.

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for @entity1 @entity71080 ( @entity7435 ) and to examine the presence of @entity7435 in @entity1 tissues and biological fluids. METHODS: Recombinant @entity7435 protein was produced and purified with use of a @entity10056 @entity375 expression system. The protein was used as an immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity7435 antibodies. A sandwich-type immunoassay was developed with these antibodies. The assay was used to measure @entity7435 in various biological fluids and tissue extracts. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed on nondiseased and cancerous prostatic sections. RESULTS: The @entity7435 immunoassay had a detection limit of 0.05 micro g/L and showed no cross-reactivity with homologous kallikreins. The assay was linear at 0-20 micro g/L, and within-and between-run CVs were <10% (n = 12). @entity7435 was detected in tissues, including esophagus, tonsil, @entity825 , lung, cervix, and prostate. @entity7435 was also found in seminal plasma, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, ascites of @entity43 @entity1 , breast milk, and cytosolic extracts of @entity43 tissues. @entity7435 was immunohistochemically localized in epithelial cells of both nondiseased and cancerous prostate. @entity7435 appears to be overexpressed in 50% of @entity43 tissues compared with healthy ovarian tissues. Recovery of active enzyme added to milk or amniotic fluid was 70-98%, but was <20% when added to serum, suggesting rapid sequestration by protease inhibitors. In fluids and tissue extracts, @entity7435 was found in its free (approximately 30 kDa) form. CONCLUSIONS: This immunofluorometric assay for @entity7435 may be used to examine the value of @entity7435 as a disease biomarker and to further explore the physiologic and pathobiologic role of this enzyme in @entity1 disease.

title: @entity1 XXXX : production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

answer: @entity71080 :: (26085,Gene) :: ['kallikrein 13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for @entity1 @entity71080 ( @entity7435 ) and to examine the presence of @entity7435 in @entity1 tissues and biological fluids. METHODS: Recombinant @entity7435 protein was produced and purified with use of a @entity10056 @entity375 expression system. The protein was used as an immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity7435 antibodies. A sandwich-type immunoassay was developed with these antibodies. The assay was used to measure @entity7435 in various biological fluids and tissue extracts. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed on nondiseased and cancerous prostatic sections. RESULTS: The @entity7435 immunoassay had a detection limit of 0.05 micro g/L and showed no cross-reactivity with homologous kallikreins. The assay was linear at 0-20 micro g/L, and within-and between-run CVs were <10% (n = 12). @entity7435 was detected in tissues, including esophagus, tonsil, @entity825 , lung, cervix, and prostate. @entity7435 was also found in seminal plasma, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, ascites of @entity43 @entity1 , breast milk, and cytosolic extracts of @entity43 tissues. @entity7435 was immunohistochemically localized in epithelial cells of both nondiseased and cancerous prostate. @entity7435 appears to be overexpressed in 50% of @entity43 tissues compared with healthy ovarian tissues. Recovery of active enzyme added to milk or amniotic fluid was 70-98%, but was <20% when added to serum, suggesting rapid sequestration by protease inhibitors. In fluids and tissue extracts, @entity7435 was found in its free (approximately 30 kDa) form. CONCLUSIONS: This immunofluorometric assay for @entity7435 may be used to examine the value of @entity7435 as a disease biomarker and to further explore the physiologic and pathobiologic role of this enzyme in @entity1 disease.

title: XXXX @entity71080 : production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The currently used standards for @entity1 @entity1465 ) contain substantial amounts of contaminating variants of @entity1465 and other impurities. Furthermore, some partially degraded forms of @entity1465 and its subunits have become of potential clinical importance, e.g., "nicked" forms of @entity1465 ( @entity10399 ) and @entity7807 (hCGbetan), which contain cuts in the peptide backbone between @entity1522 44-45 or 47-48 in @entity7807 , and a fragment of @entity7807 (hCGbetacf) consisting of @entity1522 6-40 and 55-92 bound together by @entity1520 bridges. The IFCC appointed a working group with the aim of preparing new standards for @entity1465 and related substances to improve standardization of their immunoassays. METHODS: Large amounts of @entity1465 and its subunits as well as of @entity10399 , hCGbetan, and hCGbetacf were prepared by previously developed purification methods in combination with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Each preparation was characterized on the basis of @entity535 and sequence analyses, @entity1735 composition, and electrophoretic patterns. Immunoassays for relevant contaminating proteins were also performed. RESULTS: The major preparations were homogeneous and free of contaminating proteins. Concentrations of the final preparations were determined by @entity535 analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Calibrated in substance concentrations (mol/L) based on @entity535 analyses, these preparations will facilitate improved standardization of immunoassays for @entity1465 and its metabolites. The six preparations have now been established by the WHO as new 1st Reference Reagents for immunoassays with the following codes: @entity1465 99/688, @entity7807 99/650, hCGalpha 99/720, @entity10399 99/642, hCGbetan 99/692, and hCGbetacf 99/708. In contrast to the 3rd International Standard (75/537), the clinically most important Reference Reagent for @entity1465 (99/688) contains no @entity10399 and negligible amounts of free subunits.

title: Preparation and characterization of new WHO reference reagents for XXXX chorionic gonadotropin and metabolites.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its alpha and beta subunits (hCGalpha and hCGbeta']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of extra-corporeal shock wave (ESW) on the penile hemodynamics and histopathology in @entity35 . METHODS: Adult male @entity35 were divided at random into 3 groups. ESW application was performed with a @entity5377 Lithostar with the @entity35 under anesthesia lying prone on the balloon probe. @entity35 in Group I received a total of 1000 shocks at 18 kV and immediately underwent hemodynamic evaluation performed by direct electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve and measurement of @entity551 ( @entity551 ). @entity35 in Group II received 3 times 1000 shocks at 18 kV at weekly intervals and hemodynamic evaluation was performed 1 month after the last ESW application. Group III served as the control. Histopathological examinations of penile tissues were done on Masson's trichrome and @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained sections. RESULTS: Penile hemodynamic evaluation showed a trend toward a diminished mean maximal @entity551 , duration of erection, @entity551 during the plateau phase and maximal @entity551 / blood pressure ratio in Group I, although there was no significant significance. The mean latency period in Groups I and II was prolonged. Petechial bleeding within tunical layers and small foci of @entity548 within the corpora cavernosa were observed in Group I. However, histopathological examination failed to reveal any significant differences between the groups in terms of smooth muscle content, tunical thickness, organization of collagen bundles and elastic fiber-lattice framework. CONCLUSION: ESW has certain damaging effects on the penis.

title: Effects of extra-corporeal shock waves on penile hemodynamics and histopathology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracavernous pressure', 'ICP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity44610 is a newly discovered photopigment that is believed to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in tetrapods. Here we describe the characterization of the first two teleost melanopsins ( @entity71081 and @entity71081 ) isolated from @entity7980 ( @entity7980 ). These two teleost genes belong to a subgroup of melanopsins that also include members from @entity1238 , @entity1573 , and Takifugu. In situ hybridization revealed that @entity71081 and @entity71081 are differentially expressed within the retina and brain. In the larval and adult retina, both melanopsins are expressed in a subset of cells in the inner retina, resembling amacrine and ganglion cells. In addition, @entity71081 is expressed in the horizontal cells, indicating a separate task for this gene. In the brain, the two melanopsins are separately expressed in two major retinal and extraretinal photosensitive integration centers, namely, the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( @entity71081 ) and the habenula ( @entity71081 ). The expression of @entity71081 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in cod is similar to the @entity44610 expression found in @entity1238 . This suggests a conserved role for this @entity19780 and an involvement in mediation of nonvisual photoreceptive tasks, such as entraining circadian rhythms and/or hypophysiotrophic systems. The differential expression of @entity71081 in the habenula suggests that this gene plays a role similar to that of @entity71081 , in that it is also situated in an area that integrates photic inputs from the pineal as well as other brain regions. Thus, the habenula may be an additional region that mediates photic cues in teleosts.

title: Isolation and characterization of two teleost XXXX genes and their differential expression within the inner retina and brain.

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Gadus morhua', 'Atlantic cod']

answer: @entity44610 :: (779067(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['melanopsin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee and early functional limitations in a cohort of high-functioning older @entity1 , and evaluate the contributions of muscle strength, body weight, and @entity158 severity to these limitations. Methods. Cross sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data of the @entity1 's Health and Aging Study II (WHAS II), an observational study of disability transitions in a cohort of @entity1 aged 70-79 upon entry and who were representative of the one-third highest-functioning community-resident @entity1 . Standardized questionnaires and examinations were used to assess knee @entity571 features, medication use, @entity158 severity, knee extensor muscle strength, and body weight. Functional limitation was assessed using validated performance measures and self-report measures of task modification and task difficulty. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 classified as "symptomatic" for knee @entity571 , 48 with "asymptomatic/intermittently symptomatic," knee @entity571 , and 285 with "no knee @entity571 " were included in the final analysis. Despite selection for their high level of self-reported function, performance was slower and task modification was more frequently reported among @entity1 with knee @entity571 than @entity1 without knee @entity571 . Lower knee extensor strength, higher body weight, and greater @entity158 severity were associated with knee @entity571 , and also with functional limitations. Conclusion. Knee @entity571 appeared to be associated with early functional limitations in this cohort of high-functioning, older, community-resident @entity1 . Lower knee extensor strength, higher body weight, and @entity158 severity were closely associated with these limitations. The extent to which modification of these factors attenuates knee @entity571 associated functional decline should be investigated.

title: Knee osteoarthritis compromises early mobility function: The XXXX 's Health and Aging Study II.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any difference in regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ) and serum cytokine levels and association between clinical parameters and @entity13279 and serum cytokine levels in young females with @entity239 ( @entity239 ). The other aim was to search whether the @entity308 state has any effect on these two parameters. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity239 and 20 healthy @entity1 had 99mTc-HMPAO brain single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate @entity13279 . Serum interleukin (IL) levels ( @entity1356 , @entity2902 , @entity650 and @entity687 ) were measured. Clinical and psychological evaluation was also carried out in @entity239 @entity1 and healthy controls. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity239 had significantly higher radioactivity uptake ratio in right and left caudate nucleus (p = 0.009, p = 0.001, respectively) than healthy controls. There was statistically significant decrease in the @entity13278 uptake in the right superior parietal (p = 0.041), gyrus rectalis (p = 0.036) and pons (p = 0.023). @entity239 @entity1 had significantly higher serum @entity2902 and @entity687 levels (p = 0.023, p = 0.011, respectively) than controls. Additionally, @entity239 @entity1 had significantly higher @entity239 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and @entity308 ( @entity308 ) scores (p = 0.000) than controls. Interestingly, the @entity1 with mild @entity308 or without (i.e. @entity308 -score < or = 16) had significantly higher serum @entity687 levels (p = 0.027) and increased radioactivity uptake ratio in the pons (P = 0.036) than the @entity1 with more severe @entity308 (i.e. @entity308 -score > 16). With regard to regional cerebral blood flow, significant correlations were detected between RSP and morning @entity2693 (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and @entity25 (r = -0.53, p < 0.05), and between gyrus rectalis and FIQ score. There were significant correlations between LCN and @entity1199 (P = 0.025), between RSP and morning @entity2693 (P = 0.006), @entity25 (P = 0.021) according to multiple regression analysis test. CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant increase in @entity13279 of caudate nuclei, a reduction in the pons, some cortical regions activity and a increase in @entity687 , @entity2902 levels of young female @entity1 with @entity239 . These findings are more prominent in @entity1 with low @entity308 scores.

title: Regional cerebral blood flow and cytokines in young females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rate scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of disease activity and determine predictors of remission and relapse in a population based cohort of @entity1 with @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 56 @entity1 (median age 50 yrs) followed for 42.5 months. Disease activity was assessed by Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score (BVAS-1) and permanent organ damage by @entity16 ( @entity16 ). Induction therapy consisted of @entity617 ( @entity16723 ) 0.5-1 mg/kg and @entity786 (CYC) daily orally 2 mg/kg (19 @entity1 ) or intravenous pulses 15 mg/kg every 2nd week (32 @entity1 ). Baseline clinical and laboratory features and cumulative treatment during the first 6 months were recorded. Multiple Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to find risk factors for remission and relapse. RESULTS: All @entity1 surviving > 1 month achieved either complete (85%) or partial remission (15%). Higher baseline BVAS-1 increased the likelihood of achieving complete remission [BVAS-1 > 23, relative hazard (RH) 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-5.85]. Relapse occurred in 31 @entity1 (60%) after a median period of 18 months. The risk of relapse was increased in @entity1 having received < 10 g CYC during the first 6 months (RH 2.83, 95% CI 1.33-6.02), in @entity1 having received @entity16723 > 20 mg/day for < 2.75 months (RH 2.41, 95% CI 1.12-5.21), and in @entity1 with initial heart involvement (RH 2.87, 95% CI 1.09-7.58). A higher @entity16723 dose during the first 6 months was associated with severe @entity281 . Therapy resistance (no complete remission) was associated with baseline organ damage ( @entity16 increase by 1, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27). CONCLUSION: Initial high disease activity increased and the presence of baseline organ damage reduced the likelihood for complete remission in @entity2883 . Relapse was associated with less intensive initial treatment in terms of lower CYC doses and shorter time taking @entity16723 > 20 mg/day.

title: Baseline features and initial treatment as predictors of remission and relapse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['VDI', 'Vasculitis Damage Index']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical phenotypes of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in Chinese population. METHODS: Data of 34 @entity14 families diagnosed according to Armsterdam II Criteria and Japan Criteria, including age of diagnosis, site of @entity5 , history of synchronous and/or metachronous @entity14 , histopathology of @entity5 , clinical manifestations, and genealogy were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 612 members aged over 18 of these 34 families 140 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity14 @entity1 with 154 @entity5 foci, 93 males and 47 females. The median age of confirmed diagnosis of @entity14 was 45.3 years. 62.1% of them developed the @entity5 before the age of 50 and 87.1% of them developed the @entity5 before the age of 60. Out of the 154 primary @entity5 foci, 31 were extracolonic (20.1%), including @entity5 , with @entity356 accounting for 41.9% (13/31), and 123 were @entity694 (79.9%). Out of the 116 cases of @entity14 , there were 77 cases of proximal @entity694 (66.4%) and 39 cases of distal @entity694 (33.7%). There were 11 cases of @entity5 (7.86%). The main clinical manifestations included @entity360 , @entity417 , abdominal mass, and @entity490 . CONCLUSION: In comparison with the facts among Westerners, @entity14 occurred earlier; the proportions of proximal @entity694 , @entity5 , and @entity5 are larger; and @entity356 accounts for a greater percentage among Chinese.

title: [Clinical phenotypes of XXXX in Chinese population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous and/or metachronous cancer', 'tumor', 'cancer inclusive of abenteric cancer', 'cancer', 'synchronous and/or metachronous cancers', 'extracolonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cell lines from @entity1 fertilized ovum in China. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 oocytes obtained from a volunteer were cultured in Earlg's medium and fertilized in vitro. Four of the morulae formed from the fertilized ovi were frozen and five continued to develop into blastocysts. The pellucid zones of the 5 blastocysts were removed and their inner cell masses (ICM) were taken out and inoculated onto the feeder layer of @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts inactivated with @entity1138 . The cell clones formed from the three surviving ICM were selected and dispersed mechanically and the cells were inoculated onto new feeder layers to produce more cell clones. When multiple clones were produced, they were dissociated with dispase into smaller cell masses which were inoculated onto new feeder layer again for subculturing. During different periods of cell culture, alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) staining, stem cell surface marker test, and karyotyping were conducted. The suspension of stem cells subcultured for 5 months were inoculated to the legs of @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 subcutaneously to observe the @entity44 formation. RESULTS: Out of the 9 fertilized oocytes, 5 developed into blastocysts. The ICM of three from the five blastocysts survived and developed into embronic stem cell lines, named @entity59908 , @entity1390 , and CHE3 respectively. These stem cells remained undifferentiated after subculturing for 7 months. The stem cell line CHE3 had been grown for 40 passages in vitro, @entity59908 for 36 passages, and @entity1390 for 32 passages. AKP staining was positive at the passages 5, 15, and 30 for the 3 cell lines. The surface markers of @entity1 stem cell, SSEA-4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60, and GCTM-2 were positive at passage 25, 30, 40 for CHE3, and at the passages 21, 22 and 30 for @entity59908 and @entity1390 . But all cell lines did not express @entity11823 , a marker for @entity19 @entity2085 cells. All cell lines stably retained a normal karyotype. After routine passage by 5 months, @entity1 @entity2085 cells from 3 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into @entity466 @entity19 . Six weeks after inoculation of the 3 cell lines teratomas were formed in all @entity19 . Histological examination revealed that they contained various tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers. CONCLUSION: @entity1 @entity2085 cell lines were successfully established in China.

title: [ @entity1 XXXX cell lines preliminarily established in China].

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['embryonic stem']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cell lines from @entity1 fertilized ovum in China. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 oocytes obtained from a volunteer were cultured in Earlg's medium and fertilized in vitro. Four of the morulae formed from the fertilized ovi were frozen and five continued to develop into blastocysts. The pellucid zones of the 5 blastocysts were removed and their inner cell masses (ICM) were taken out and inoculated onto the feeder layer of @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts inactivated with @entity1138 . The cell clones formed from the three surviving ICM were selected and dispersed mechanically and the cells were inoculated onto new feeder layers to produce more cell clones. When multiple clones were produced, they were dissociated with dispase into smaller cell masses which were inoculated onto new feeder layer again for subculturing. During different periods of cell culture, alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) staining, stem cell surface marker test, and karyotyping were conducted. The suspension of stem cells subcultured for 5 months were inoculated to the legs of @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 subcutaneously to observe the @entity44 formation. RESULTS: Out of the 9 fertilized oocytes, 5 developed into blastocysts. The ICM of three from the five blastocysts survived and developed into embronic stem cell lines, named @entity59908 , @entity1390 , and CHE3 respectively. These stem cells remained undifferentiated after subculturing for 7 months. The stem cell line CHE3 had been grown for 40 passages in vitro, @entity59908 for 36 passages, and @entity1390 for 32 passages. AKP staining was positive at the passages 5, 15, and 30 for the 3 cell lines. The surface markers of @entity1 stem cell, SSEA-4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60, and GCTM-2 were positive at passage 25, 30, 40 for CHE3, and at the passages 21, 22 and 30 for @entity59908 and @entity1390 . But all cell lines did not express @entity11823 , a marker for @entity19 @entity2085 cells. All cell lines stably retained a normal karyotype. After routine passage by 5 months, @entity1 @entity2085 cells from 3 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into @entity466 @entity19 . Six weeks after inoculation of the 3 cell lines teratomas were formed in all @entity19 . Histological examination revealed that they contained various tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers. CONCLUSION: @entity1 @entity2085 cell lines were successfully established in China.

title: [ XXXX @entity2085 cell lines preliminarily established in China].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of @entity1 treated by the minimally invasive technique and plate fixation in accordance with biological fixation principles for @entity3330 . METHODS: Biological fixation principles were used in the treatment of 24 @entity1 (18 males, 6 females; mean age 32 years; range 18 to 56 years) with @entity3330 . @entity174 were reduced by indirect reduction and the plate was forwarded through distal and proximal incisions over the periosteum without the need for incisions on the @entity174 line. Fixation of the plates was performed with the use of screws from distal and proximal incisions. The @entity1 were allowed partial and full weight-bearing in a mean of 3.6 and 5 months, respectively. By means of monthly clinical and radiologic examinations, union was assessed by callus formation in the @entity174 line and painless weight-bearing. In addition, @entity3656 , @entity717 , and knee and hip range of motions were determined. The mean follow-up was 2 years and 7 months (range 16 months to 4 years and 5 months). RESULTS: The mean union time was 4.6 months (range 4 to 11 months). Except for one @entity1 (4%) with delayed union, all @entity1 achieved union. No @entity281 occurred related to the @entity174 site. CONCLUSION: Successful clinical and radiologic results can be obtained by biological methods of fixation in diaphyseal femur @entity174 with multiple fragments, segment formation, in multi- @entity130 @entity1 with high Injury Severity Score and compromised pulmonary function, and in those having subtrochanteric or supracondylar @entity174 associated with high complication rates.

title: [The results of plate fixation with the use of biological fixation principles and minimally invasive technique in femur XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotation, angulation deformities']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the treatment results of @entity1 with scaphoid @entity1516 , who were treated by autogenous cancellous bone grafting followed by fixation with Herbert screws or Kirschner wires. METHODS: The study included 19 @entity1 (mean age 28 years, range 20 to 41 years) who were treated for scaphoid @entity1516 and had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Treatment was comprised of autogenous cancellous bone grafting and fixation with Herbert screws (n=10) or Kirschner wires (n=9). Fifteen right and four left hands were affected. The mean duration between the traumatic event and surgery was 20 months (range 3 to 72 months). @entity174 were localized in the proximal pole (n=4, 21%), waist (n=13, 68%), and in the distal pole (n=2, 11%). The mean follow-up was 16 months for Herbert screws, and 21 months for Kirschner wires. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 exhibited a loss in range of motion of 10 degrees or more. The mean time to union was six months (range 3 to 20 months) with Herbert screws and eight months (range 4 to 22 months) with Kirschner wires. All @entity1 had union with Kirschner wires, whereas non-union occurred in three @entity1 with Herbert screws, two of whom had had proximal pole fractures. Radiologic outcome was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Because of good vascularity and union potential, scaphoid @entity1516 can be successfully treated by an appropriate surgical technique using autogenous cancellous grafting independent of fixation materials.

title: [Comparison between fixation with Herbert screws and Kirschner wires in the treatment of scaphoid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A prospective, single-blind study was planned to investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis, treatment, and staging of @entity923 ( @entity923 ). METHODS: The study group was comprised of 43 hands of 25 @entity1 (21 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; mean age 56 years) with a clinical diagnosis of @entity923 . Fifteen @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; mean age 51 years) with @entity4494 on the dorsal side of the wrist constituted the control group. Comparisons were made between MRI findings, clinical findings, electrodiagnostic test results, and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Electrodiagnostic test results were positive in 36 (84%) and negative in seven hands (16%). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed positive findings for @entity923 in all @entity1 . A significant difference was found between the study and control groups in the @entity923 at the level of the hook of the hamate (p<0.005). In addition, MRI showed space occupying lesions within the carpal tunnel in three @entity1 , and a bilateral anomaly of the median nerve in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It was found that MRI offered objective findings for the diagnosis, treatment, and staging of @entity923 , which were in good correlation with clinical findings, electrodiagnostic test results, and intraoperative observations. Moreover, it was helpful in the diagnosis when there had been discrepancy between clinical findings and electrodiagnostic test results.

title: [The role of magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX . Correlation of clinical, electrodiagnostic, and intraoperative findings and staging].

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel measurements', 'CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglions']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: That @entity172 plays a role in the regulation of mood has been postulated since extracts of animal ovarian tissue were administered to oophorectomized @entity1 at the end of the last century to @entity1109 thought to be related to the removal of the ovaries. The occurrence of @entity308 in the perimenopause is associated with a variety of factors. A previous history of either @entity308 and/or @entity3010 as well as cognitive factors explain most of the variance. There are no consistent findings of a correlation between any serum hormone level and severity or presence of mood symptoms. Neurobiological studies show, with regard to an antidepressant effect, promising effects of @entity53 on serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic functions. Progestogens seem to oppose some of these effects. The role of adrenergic hormones and @entity2494 (S) is less clear. Most clinical trials showed a modest effect on symptoms of @entity308 . However, the predominantly poor methodological quality does not allow generalisation and recommendations. A "tonic" effect on well-being in non- or mild @entity308 @entity1 should not be regarded as true antidepressant effect. Results yielded in studies of surgically menopausal @entity1 may not be applicable to @entity1 with natural menopause. There is a great potential for exploring various types, doses, and routes of administration of both antidepressants and sex hormones. With regard to the domino theory, future studies should also focus on the mediation of treatment effects through alleviation of vasomotor symptoms or sleep quality.

title: Critical appraisal of effects of @entity172 replacement therapy on symptoms of XXXX mood.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['alleviate psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual syndrome']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: That @entity172 plays a role in the regulation of mood has been postulated since extracts of animal ovarian tissue were administered to oophorectomized @entity1 at the end of the last century to @entity1109 thought to be related to the removal of the ovaries. The occurrence of @entity308 in the perimenopause is associated with a variety of factors. A previous history of either @entity308 and/or @entity3010 as well as cognitive factors explain most of the variance. There are no consistent findings of a correlation between any serum hormone level and severity or presence of mood symptoms. Neurobiological studies show, with regard to an antidepressant effect, promising effects of @entity53 on serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic functions. Progestogens seem to oppose some of these effects. The role of adrenergic hormones and @entity2494 (S) is less clear. Most clinical trials showed a modest effect on symptoms of @entity308 . However, the predominantly poor methodological quality does not allow generalisation and recommendations. A "tonic" effect on well-being in non- or mild @entity308 @entity1 should not be regarded as true antidepressant effect. Results yielded in studies of surgically menopausal @entity1 may not be applicable to @entity1 with natural menopause. There is a great potential for exploring various types, doses, and routes of administration of both antidepressants and sex hormones. With regard to the domino theory, future studies should also focus on the mediation of treatment effects through alleviation of vasomotor symptoms or sleep quality.

title: Critical appraisal of effects of XXXX replacement therapy on symptoms of @entity308 mood.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 @entity1 have increased prevalence of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). It is not clearly shown whether the prognostic factors are identical in relation to the @entity164 of @entity6 . This study was done to compare the associations of @entity3657 with risk factors and with micro- and macrovascular complications of inpatients with @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study 1087 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 1060 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were examined. @entity3657 was diagnosed when ankle-brachial-pressure-index (ABI) was < 1.0. In cases with incompressible @entity432 (mediasclerosis) pulse wave forms were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the impact of different variables on @entity3657 risk, after adjusting for different variables separately. RESULTS: In both types of @entity6 ( @entity164 1 vs. @entity164 2) @entity3657 risk (odds ratio; OR) was increased in the presence of @entity301 (OR 9.3 vs. 3.5), @entity2316 (OR 3.0 vs. 2.8), @entity16 (OR 7.9 vs. 1.8), foot ulceration (OR 8.9 vs. 5.5), increased daily insulin requirement > 0.6 mu/kg b.w. (OR 5.2 vs. 2.9), @entity6 duration of 20-29 years (OR 28.9) and > 30 years (OR 51.1) in @entity164 1 @entity6 , and @entity6 duration of 10-19 years (OR 3.8) and > 20 years (OR 4.3) in @entity164 2 @entity6 . In @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity3657 risk was associated with microalbuminuria (OR 2.1), macroalbuminuria (OR 3.3), background @entity989 (OR 1.9), @entity989 (OR 2.8), increased @entity1674 (TG) (OR 1.7) and decreased HDL- @entity165 (HDL-C > 0.90 mmol/l: OR 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3657 risk factors and micro- and macrovascular comorbidity are very similar in @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: XXXX in diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: are there different risk factors?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arteries']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: The anabolic effects and bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors I and II ( @entity7424 , @entity10247 ) are regulated in part by a family of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). There are six known members of the IGFBP family, which share distinct structural characteristics and functional activities. To study the binding properties of these proteins, we have expressed recombinant @entity10246 and @entity10250 using the LCR/ @entity28690 expression system. Using this system, we found that recombinant @entity10246 was secreted by @entity28690 cells and had a glycosylation pattern similar to that of native @entity10246 . Recombinant @entity10250 secreted from @entity28690 cells had a molecular size identical to that of non-glycosylated native @entity10250 . The binding kinetics of recombinant IGFBPs was measured using a solid-phase ligand-binding assay, an in vitro solution-binding assay, and a cellular proliferation assay. @entity7424 bound with high affinity to recombinant @entity10246 and @entity10250 with K(D)s of <0.25 nmol. As reported for native IGFBPs, @entity10247 bound with affinity higher than @entity7424 to recombinant @entity10246 and @entity10250 (K(D) of <0.05 nmol). Recombinant @entity10246 and @entity10250 were found to inhibit the IGF-induced proliferation of an NIH3T3 cell line engineered to overexpress the @entity7423 . We have compared the binding kinetics of @entity28690 cell-expressed IGFBPs with that of recombinant protein expressed in @entity526 and found them to be equivalent. Here, we show that the LCR/ @entity28690 expression system represents an effective route for expression of biologically active IGFBPs.

title: Expression and purification of biologically active IGF-binding proteins using the LCR/ XXXX expression system.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity28690 :: (13905378,Gene) :: ['Mel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of surgical treatment for @entity1171 and the factors that play a role in these results. METHODS: The study included 31 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 , mean age 38.2 years) who underwent surgical treatment for @entity1171 and had an adequate follow-up. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, the mechanism of occurrence was supination-external rotation in 13 (42%), pronation-external rotation in two (26%), pronation-abduction in four (13%), and supination-abduction in four @entity1 (13%). In two @entity1 (6%), the @entity174 could not be classified. Most of the @entity174 occurred with @entity998 in winter months. The majority of @entity174 (55%) was of bimalleolar type. The mean follow-up was 26 months. RESULTS: Union was obtained in all @entity174 . According to the objective criteria, the results were good, moderate, and poor in 18 (58%), eight (26%), and five (16%) @entity1 , respectively. Subjective evaluation yielded good, moderate, and poor results in 17 (55%), eight (26%), and six (19%) @entity1 , respectively. The results were poor especially in pronation-external rotation and @entity174 . Two @entity1 (6%) developed @entity571 . CONCLUSION: In our opinion, the best anatomical reduction may be achieved by surgical treatment of @entity1171 that present with a talar tilt, fibular shortening, and @entity130 .

title: [The results of surgical treatment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture-dislocation type fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the syndesmosis']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of treatment with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires in childhood unstable radius distal methaphysis @entity174 . METHODS: Forty-four @entity174 of radius distal methaphysis of 43 @entity1 (33 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; mean age 11.7 years; range 8.6 to 16 years) were treated with immediate closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires. @entity174 with more than 50% displacement were considered unstable. A satisfactory reduction was defined as the presence of 80% cortical contact on anteroposterior and lateral x-rays, an angulation of less than 20 degrees and 15 degrees at ages below and over 10 years, respectively, and the absence of @entity1518 . Clinically, the range of motion of the elbow and wrist, @entity717 , and grip strength were measured and compared with those of the other side in the 12th postoperative week. A restriction of 10 degrees or more in relation to the other side was regarded as failure. Radiologic indications of failure in the postoperative sixth week were residual angulations of more than 15 degrees and 10 degrees at ages below and above 10 years, respectively, and @entity1518 . RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 (93.2%) achieved a successful outcome. Failure was encountered in three @entity1 (6.8%). Two @entity1 developed type 1 pin tract infection, which resolved with antibiotic therapy and wound care. @entity1 returned to their normal activities in a mean of 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and the use of percutaneous Kirschner wires proved to be the choice of treatment in unstable radius distal methaphysis @entity174 in @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of childhood unstable radius distal methaphysis XXXX with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['malrotation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of @entity548 transformation in @entity64 @entity1 and to evaluate the impact of @entity548 transformation on rehabilitation outcome. DESIGN: The records of 203 @entity2795 @entity1 hospitalized for rehabilitation after the acute phase of @entity64 were retrospectively analyzed. In 121 cases, the first computed tomographic scan and a repeat scan were compared to determine whether @entity548 transformation occurred. Correlations between the occurrence of @entity548 transformation and use of anticoagulants, antiaggregants, and antiedema drugs were evaluated. Admission and discharge FIM trade mark and Adapted @entity1 Evaluation Conference System scores were noted, and functional gain was calculated from these. These data were also analyzed for associations with @entity548 transformation. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic transformation was detected in 39 of the 121 cases. There was no significant difference in functional outcome between @entity1 who did and did not show @entity548 transformation. Although not statistically significant, the use of antiedema drugs was found to increase the risk of @entity548 transformation, whereas the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants had no influence. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic transformation of an @entity2806 does not affect rehabilitation outcome in @entity64 survivors. The study results favor the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in the acute phase unless these drugs are contraindicated by the @entity1 's condition. Still, prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.

title: Hemorrhagic transformation in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of @entity548 transformation in @entity64 @entity1 and to evaluate the impact of @entity548 transformation on rehabilitation outcome. DESIGN: The records of 203 @entity2795 @entity1 hospitalized for rehabilitation after the acute phase of @entity64 were retrospectively analyzed. In 121 cases, the first computed tomographic scan and a repeat scan were compared to determine whether @entity548 transformation occurred. Correlations between the occurrence of @entity548 transformation and use of anticoagulants, antiaggregants, and antiedema drugs were evaluated. Admission and discharge FIM trade mark and Adapted @entity1 Evaluation Conference System scores were noted, and functional gain was calculated from these. These data were also analyzed for associations with @entity548 transformation. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic transformation was detected in 39 of the 121 cases. There was no significant difference in functional outcome between @entity1 who did and did not show @entity548 transformation. Although not statistically significant, the use of antiedema drugs was found to increase the risk of @entity548 transformation, whereas the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants had no influence. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic transformation of an @entity2806 does not affect rehabilitation outcome in @entity64 survivors. The study results favor the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in the acute phase unless these drugs are contraindicated by the @entity1 's condition. Still, prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.

title: Hemorrhagic transformation in @entity64 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The main criteria of " @entity12417 " are considered to be as follows: relatively rare and long-lasting unilateral attacks of severe @entity10 , although seemingly of a non-excruciating character, signs of neck involvement, and lack of "cluster pattern". In the present communication, the clinical manifestations in 11 @entity1 fulfilling these criteria are described. All 11 @entity1 selected in accordance with these criteria proved to be females, the age at onset ranging from 6 to 40 years (mean, 30 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 13 years. Six @entity1 had had previous @entity542 . All @entity1 had @entity158 periorbitally, in the temporal region, and in the low occipital region (nape of the neck); less frequent were frontal, parietal, and @entity158 and @entity158 in the upper part of the occipital region. The duration of attacks was from 3 h to 3 weeks, and the interval between attacks lasted from 2 days to 2 months. The commonest accompanying @entity28523 were @entity7804 , @entity1296 , ipsilateral eyelid @entity4 , @entity227 , and @entity146 . Some of the @entity1 also had @entity390 (n = 7) and @entity391 (n = 6). On physical examination, slight to moderate @entity717 in the neck was noted, and five @entity1 had ipsilaterally reduced sensation for touch in the trigeminal area. All the @entity1 except one were severely afflicted. Attacks could, in addition to occurring spontaneously, be precipitated in all @entity1 by head movements or by pressure at specific points in the neck.

title: " XXXX ": clinical manifestation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['phonophobia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilaterally blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head/neck injuries']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headache']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of movements']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity12417 :: (MESH:D051298,Disease) :: ['Cervicogenic headache']


abstract: PURPOSE: The diagnostic hallmark of @entity8038 is development of "light bulb" @entity8721 in the retinal periphery, leading to posterior pole intraretinal and subretinal exudation. Even after complete obliteration of all abnormal vessels and resorption of all exudates, follow-up examinations are mandatory for several years. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the charts, pictures and/or @entity941 angiographies of a series of 32 consecutive @entity1 , in which the diagnosis of @entity8038 was made. All @entity1 underwent selective photocoagulation of the @entity8721 using a yellow-dye laser. Efficacy of treatment was monitored with drawings and/or @entity941 angiographies. RESULTS: All our @entity1 had unilateral disease, with macular involvement and exudative @entity1713 . Visual acuity improved in one @entity1 , decreased from light perception to @entity1939 in another, and was unchanged in the remainder. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of anatomical benefits from treatment with a yellow-dye laser (i.e., selective photocoagulation without cryotherapy or drainage) despite the presence of a severe form of @entity8038 . Our young Coats' @entity1 responded quickly to treatment. With successful obliteration of the abnormal vasculature, exudates began to absorb in about 4 to 8 weeks although, in some cases, 10 to 12 months were needed to obtain resolution of the exudative detachment. Poor visual outcome of 20/100 or worse was common. In Coats' @entity1 , the key issue is continuous control and long-term follow-up.

title: Selective photocoagulation in XXXX : ten-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ["Coats' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity8038 :: (MESH:D058456,Disease) :: ['Coats' disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate survival rates and side effects after stereotactically-guided radiotherapy (SRT) in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2946 of the brain. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1992 and 2000, 20 @entity1 with 29 radiological manifestations were treated with fractionated SRT (n = 21) or radiosurgery (n = 8). Median age was 16 years with 6 @entity1 < or = 14 years. All @entity1 had prior cranio-spinal radiotherapy plus boost to the posterior fossa with a total dose of 54 Gy. Time to recurrence was 33 months mean. Eighteen of the 29 lesions were located within the boost volume. Chemotherapy was given according to current international study protocols (HIT) in all @entity1 . Mean total dose for re-irradiation was 24 Gy for fractionated stereotactically-guided radiotherapy, and 15 Gy for radiosurgery. Mean follow-up was 88.5 months. RESULTS: Overall local control was 89.7%. Thirteen recurrences showed partial or complete response in CT/MR-imaging, 13 showed stable disease. Local @entity5 progression was seen 5 months mean after radiotherapy in three cases. A multifocal intracranial progression was seen in 9 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 developed additional spinal metastases. Thirteen @entity1 died with disseminated cranio-spinal progression, after 72.6 months median. No late @entity137 > CTC II(o) especially no brain radionecrosis was seen after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: SRT is effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent @entity2946 to improve local control without evident side effects. The main problem remains the control of subclinical @entity6831 .

title: Results of three-dimensional stereotactically-guided radiotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-spinal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: Current surgical teaching advocates debulking of the abdominal Burkitt's @entity706 burden and improve survival. The records of 16 @entity1 who had @entity2109 were reviewed. Eleven of these @entity1 presented with @entity5 . Five of these 11 @entity1 are long-term survivors and six have died. Three of the @entity5 were primarily resected; two were in @entity1 who became long-term survivors. One resection was complicated by @entity810 , leading to the early demise of the @entity1 . Four @entity5 were debulked; only one of these was in a long-term survivor. @entity810 also complicated the hospital course in one of these @entity1 . Finally, four @entity1 underwent initial incisional biopsies and plans were made for subsequent resection of any @entity41 6 weeks later. Two of these @entity1 survived and two have died. The results of this pilot study do not confirm that there is a clear advantage to aggressive operative cytoreduction. Although this approach decreases the total @entity5 burden, it may also impose severe metabolic complications and postpone the administration of chemotherapy. These results do suggest the need for a multi-institutional review of the surgical management of abdominal @entity2109 .

title: Abdominal XXXX : role of early aggressive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma to decrease tumor']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt's lymphoma']


abstract: To date, there are no reliable criteria to identify those @entity1 with @entity320 -infiltrated sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of the groin who might benefit from an extended lymphadenectomy, including the pelvic lymph nodes. We hypothesised that there are pelvic lymph nodes that receive lymph directly from the primary @entity5 , thus being at an increased risk for @entity3 . In order to determine the frequency of radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes and the kinetics of their appearance, we introduce here a combination of dynamic lymphoscintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and image fusion of SPECT and pelvic Computed Tomography (CT)-scans. By dynamic lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe detection, superficially located inguinal SLNs (median 2 nodes) could be identified in all of the 51 @entity1 included in this analysis. The histological search for micrometastases was positive in 16 @entity1 (median Breslow thickness of the primary @entity320 2.5 mm). In 29 @entity1 , SPECT and the image fusion technique were additionally performed. Radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes were detected in 20 individuals, 6 of them presenting aberrant pelvic SLNs that, on dynamic lymphoscintigraphy, had appeared simultaneously with the superficial @entity4298 (s). Of the 6 @entity1 in whom radioactive pelvic lymph nodes were excised together with the superficial @entity4298 (s), only one had positive superficial SLNs. In this @entity1 , the aberrant pelvic @entity4298 proved to be @entity5 -positive. In 9 @entity1 , there was no radiotracer uptake in the pelvic lymph nodes at all. Image fusion of SPECT and pelvic CT-scans is an excellent tool to localise exactly the @entity5 -draining nodes. The significance of radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes for the probability of pelvic metastases should be analysed further.

title: Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy and image fusion of SPECT and pelvic CT-scans allow mapping of aberrant pelvic sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody rituximab in @entity1 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity978 or other @entity2225 (+) subtypes of @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity2225 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity1 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity2490 , @entity221 , chills, and @entity390 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity1 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity1 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity1 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity2225 (+) @entity1 with @entity978 .

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity2225 + @entity978 with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hodgkin lymphoma', 'Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin Lymphoma']


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody rituximab in @entity1 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity978 or other @entity2225 (+) subtypes of @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity2225 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity1 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity2490 , @entity221 , chills, and @entity390 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity1 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity1 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity1 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity2225 (+) @entity1 with @entity978 .

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity2225 + XXXX with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German @entity978 Study Group.

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody rituximab in @entity1 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity978 or other @entity2225 (+) subtypes of @entity978 ( @entity978 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity2225 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity1 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity2490 , @entity221 , chills, and @entity390 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity1 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity1 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity1 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity2225 (+) @entity1 with @entity978 .

title: Treatment of relapsed XXXX + @entity978 with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German @entity978 Study Group.

answer: @entity2225 :: (54474,Gene) :: ['CD20']


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity1373 and low-grade @entity513 in @entity1137 and @entity1137 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity189 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity513 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity75 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity5066 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity5066 we examined for expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity1722 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity5066 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity876 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity5066 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity5066 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity5066 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity589 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity5066 and APM were positive for @entity517 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity5066 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity5066 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['situ and lobular neoplasia', 'lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma of the breast', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesion']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical ductal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB2']


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity1373 and low-grade @entity513 in @entity1137 and @entity1137 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity189 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity513 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity75 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity5066 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity5066 we examined for expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity1722 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity5066 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity876 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity5066 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity5066 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity5066 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity589 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity5066 and APM were positive for @entity517 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity5066 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity5066 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity1722 , XXXX , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity1373 and low-grade @entity513 in @entity1137 and @entity1137 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity189 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity513 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity75 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity5066 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity5066 we examined for expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity1722 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity5066 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity876 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity5066 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity5066 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity5066 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity589 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity5066 and APM were positive for @entity517 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity5066 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity5066 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , XXXX , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity1373 and low-grade @entity513 in @entity1137 and @entity1137 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity189 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity513 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity75 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity5066 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity5066 we examined for expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity1722 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity5066 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity876 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity5066 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity5066 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity5066 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity589 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity5066 and APM were positive for @entity517 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity5066 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity5066 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , XXXX and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity1373 and low-grade @entity513 in @entity1137 and @entity1137 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity189 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity513 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity75 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity5066 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity5066 we examined for expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity517 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity1722 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity5066 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity876 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity5066 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity5066 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity588 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity5066 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity589 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity5066 and APM were positive for @entity517 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity5066 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity5066 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , @entity588 , XXXX , @entity517 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity589 :: (581,Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: Resection and enterostomy are the standard operative procedures for @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). In order to compare the results of two different methods of enterostomy, a study was carried out in 100 @entity1 with @entity3166 who underwent enterostomy formation and closure. A single surgeon at each of the two collaborating institutions conducted the majority of operations. Level of enterostomy was jejunum in 10, ileum in 75, and colon in 15. Type of enterostomy was separate stomas (usually brought out side by side) in 50, @entity9353 in 39, single stoma with Hartmann's pouch in 10, and loop colostomy in 1. Complications of enterostomy formation occurred in 24 @entity1 (24%). When @entity1 with separate stomas were compared with those with the @entity9353 , there was no difference in the rate of @entity532 . The separate stomas had a higher rate of stricture formation in the distal bowel (36% v 18%), which may be accounted for by earlier reestablishment of intestinal continuity in the Mikulicz group. Both methods exteriorized the bowel ends close to one another, which was advantageous because subsequent closure was usually performed without a formal laparotomy. After enterostomy closure, 17 (17%) @entity1 had complications. There was no difference in complication rate between early (before 3 months or under 2.5 kg) v late closure, or between closure of the @entity9353 (although the @entity9353 closure was accomplished more rapidly than closure of separate stomas). Morbidity was unrelated to level of enterostomy, type of enterostomy, maturing the stoma, bringing it through a separate incision, or age or weight of the @entity1 at closure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : an analysis of techniques and timing of closure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['stomal or wound complications']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity9353 :: ('MESH:D008882', 'Disease') :: ['Mikulicz enterostomy', 'Mikulicz enterostomy v separate stomas']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Enterostomy in necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Language is almost always affected in @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ) and a delay in language acquisition is one of the first characteristics. They articulate poorly and have a repetitive language, using the last word or sentence they have said or have been told. They have a tendency to change subjects as they talk and to repeat what they have heard. Even if comprehension is correct, they are unable to answer questions. Sometimes this is due to the fact that they don't expect the question or because they are not paying attention. They react better to short and concise commands. Their speech is fast with a poor control of the rhythm and inappropriate pausing in words, making it difficult to understand them. Some @entity1 with severe @entity409 will require a complementary communication system to aid them. DEVELOPMENT: In speech therapy we will improve their communicative skills, both in comprehension as in expression, minimising or eliminating negative patterns, with exercises, techniques and strategies. Work is needed on the use of alternative language if necessary and finally work on feeding problems caused by the low muscular tone and on sensorial problems such as tactile hyper/hypo stimulation or difficulties to plan their movements. In conclusion, we must bear in mind that each @entity1 is different and so are their specific needs. CONCLUSION: We must know the individualities to provide for opportunities of development or of their control, and focus our objectives in a more real and effective manner.

title: [Language therapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FXS', 'fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['language dysfunction']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: Extracellular recordings were made from neurones in or near the supraoptic nucleus in suckled lactating @entity35 under @entity4774 anaesthesia to investigate the mechanism by which the firing of @entity398 cells is synchronized during reflex milk ejection. Cells synaptically driven but not antidromically activated by neural stalk stimulation, which thus probably receive an afferent input from supraoptic neurones, were classified as 'regular' or 'bursters' on the basis of their spontaneous electrical activity. The majority (twelve out of eighteen) of synaptically excited cells (o.d.+) were bursters and the majority of inhibited (o.d.-) cells (eleven out of nineteen) were regular, but only one o.d.+ burster showed any change of activity (inhibition) before milk ejection. Putative @entity398 cells in suckled lactating @entity35 showed a firing pattern between milk-ejection bursts which could not be distinguished from that of putative @entity398 cells in male animals. The mode interspike interval between milk ejections was 47.1 +/- 3.1 ms (mean +/- S.E. of mean) compared with 47.3 +/- 3.3 ms in male @entity35 , and fewer than 1.4% of interspike intervals were less than 20 ms in duration. By contrast, within milk-ejection bursts 40% of interspike intervals were in the range 8-20 ms. Short trains (10 or 20) of pulses applied to the neural stalk at regular (5 min) intervals, in an attempt to simulate the initial part of the milk ejection burst, failed to trigger bursts. In only 2 of 150 tests was the interval between train and milk-ejection burst less than 10 s, and after the pulse train all but one cell showed reduced activity for 1-3 s. The trains of pulses were however not without effect: they significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced the chance of a milk-ejection burst occurring within the next 2.5 min. Our observation that pulse trains do not trigger bursts suggests that local positive feed-back mechanisms are not responsible for orchestrating the activation of @entity398 cells during the milk-ejection reflex. Moreover, because spontaneous tiring pattern is the same in lactating and non-lactating @entity35 , we found no evidence that the anatomical changes in the synaptic organization within the supraoptic nuclei in lactation have any influence on the firing of @entity398 cells. It is likely, however, since pulse trains alter the timing of milk ejections, that @entity398 released locally in the region of the supraoptic nucleus can influence reflex milk ejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of the milk ejection reflex in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two hundred and seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity154 have been managed at the Columbus @entity1 's Hospital since 1955. Fifty-four (20%) have been classified as high risk using Waterston's criteria of birth weight, @entity154 , and @entity55 . The @entity1 have been divided into group I (n = 27, 1955 to 1969) and group II (n = 27, 1970 to 1984) to reflect the onset of mechanical ventilation and effective neonatal intensive care. The mean birth weight of @entity1 in group II was significantly less than in group I (1,753 +/- 390 g v 1,950 +/- 505 g, P less than .05). The incidence of @entity3465 , measured by gestational age, has significantly increased with 9 of 27 (33%) @entity1 in group II and 2 of 27 (7%) @entity1 in group I less than 32 weeks gestation (P less than .05). The presence or severity of @entity154 was not significantly different in groups I and II. Twenty @entity1 in group I and 22 @entity1 in group II underwent definitive management of their @entity154 . Operative survival was 30% in group I and 74% in group II (P less than .05). Long-term survival was 15% in group I and 64% in group II (P less than .05). Early postoperative complications included @entity55 , @entity834 , or stricture. The most frequent complications in long-term follow-up were recurrent @entity55 , which were observed in 9 of 16 @entity1 . @entity4423 or @entity354 was documented in five of these @entity1 ; four were managed successfully with positional or pharmacologic manipulations while one required an antireflux procedure. Thirty percent (5/16) are asymptomatic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in Waterston C neonates: a 30-year perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal anomaly', 'associated anomalies', 'congenital tracheoesophageal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis', 'aspiration pneumonitis', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal dysmotility']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Tracheoesophageal anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity137 and activity of @entity2816 in @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity1358 and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 )165, with therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 29 @entity1 were enrolled on a study of @entity2816 using an intra- @entity1 dose escalation schedule. @entity1 began @entity2816 at 400 mg/d and escalated as tolerated to 1200 mg/d by day 54. Fifty-nine per cent of @entity1 had had previous therapy with @entity1199 and 52% were performance status 2 or 3. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels were measured by dual monoclonal ELISA in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: 24 @entity1 were evaluable for response with one partial response of 11 months duration of a @entity1 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 @entity1 stable for over 6 months. @entity2147 and @entity1142 were prominent @entity137 and most @entity1 could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels did not change with therapy. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low level of activity of @entity2816 in @entity1358 . Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achieve in this @entity1 population, however lower doses were practical. The dose-response relationship, if any, of @entity2816 for @entity1358 is unclear.

title: A phase II study of XXXX in advanced metastatic @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']