abstract: BACKGROUND: Care for elderly @entity1 with @entity5 can pose dilemmas, because radical total mesorectal excision surgery comes with high morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 , comparing treatment choices, guideline adherence, and outcomes for elderly @entity1 (>= 75 years) with younger @entity1 (<75 years). DESIGN: @entity1 data were retrieved from the hospital pathology database and from the hospital prospective colorectal surgery database for surgically treated @entity1 . Records were reviewed for nonadherence to treatment guidelines. Delivered treatment modalities for @entity1 with stage I to @entity5 were compared with treatment advised by national guidelines, and reasons stated by the treating physician for nonadherence to guidelines were subsequently collected. SETTINGS: This study was performed at a high-volume teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 included were those with newly diagnosed @entity5 ( <=10 cm from the anal verge). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment decisions, guideline adherence, and outcome of surgical treatment were the main outcome parameters. RESULTS: Of 218 included @entity1 , 75 (34%) were aged >= 75 years. Guideline adherence for all of the treatment modalities in stage I to @entity5 was significantly lower in elderly @entity1 (62% versus 87% for aged <75 years; p < 0.001), and age was the primary reason mentioned for withholding treatment. Palliative anticancer treatment for stage IV disease was also initiated significantly less frequently in elderly @entity1 (60% versus 97%; p = 0.002). Overall rates of treatment complications were similar for both @entity1 groups (p = 0.71), but the impact of complications on survival was much greater for elderly @entity1 (p = 0.002). LIMITATIONS: Data on outcome of other treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are lacking. CONCLUSIONS: Guideline adherence for all of the treatment modalities in stage I to @entity5 declines significantly with increasing age. Future research should focus on strategies of treatment tailored to @entity1 health status rather than chronological age.

title: Age-related guideline adherence and outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer', 'III rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity9007 is the collection of pancreatic secretions surrounded by fibrous tissue caused by @entity660 that affects the pancreatic duct. Clinical presentation is variable. Management includes percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical drainage and resection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of a cohort of @entity1 with @entity9007 in a third level hospital. An analysis was performed on the demographic data, aetiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory findings, type of surgical procedure, complications, recurrence and mortality. The statistical analysis was performed using Chi squared and Student t tests, with a p<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 139 @entity1 were included, of whom 58% were @entity1 and 42% were @entity1 , with median age of 44.5 years. @entity1689 was the most common aetiology, present in 74 @entity1 (53%). The main complaint was @entity490 in 73% of @entity1 . Median size was 18cm (range 7-29) and the most frequent location was body and tail of the pancreas. Internal surgical drainage was selected in 111 (80%) @entity1 , of whom 96 were cystojejunostomy, 20 (14%) had external surgical drainage, and 8 (6%) resection. Complications were, pancreatic @entity292 (12%), @entity548 (4%), @entity281 (4%), and other @entity532 (4%). Complication rate was higher if the cause was chronic @entity788 or if the management was external surgical drainage. Recurrence rate was 6%, and a mortality rate of 1%. CONCLUSION: Surgical management is a viable option for the management of @entity9007 with a low complication and recurrence rate.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation for AF is an effective treatment for @entity1 with AF and systolic LV dysfunction; however, the clinical outcome is variable. We evaluated the impact of @entity296 etiology on long-term outcomes post-catheter ablation. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing AF ablation across 3 centers (2 Australian, 1 UK) from 2002 to 2014, with LVEF<45% were evaluated. @entity1 were stratified into those with known @entity299 as a cause of @entity296 (KHD), and those with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). RESULTS: One hundred and one @entity1 ( @entity1000 = 77, KHD = 24) with AF and LVEF <45% underwent AF ablation. The KHD group (ischemic @entity2033 in 67%) were older (61    7 vs. 55    11 years, P = 0.005), with a higher CHADS2 score (2.0    0.8 vs. 1.6    0.7, P = 0.016), but otherwise well matched. After mean follow-up of 36    23 months, AF control was greater in the @entity1000 group (82% vs. 50% in KHD, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis @entity1000 was associated with long-term AF control (P = 0.033). The @entity1000 group had less functional impairment at follow-up (NYHA class 1.5    0.7 vs. 2.0    0.8, P = 0.005) and improved LVEF (50    11% vs. 38    10%, P < 0.001). Super responders (EF improvement >15%) were overwhelmingly in the @entity1000 group (94% vs. 6%, P < 0.001) with greater AF control (89% vs. 61%, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the KHD group (17% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: @entity1000 was associated with greater AF control, and improvement in symptoms and LVEF compared to @entity1 with KHD post-AF ablation. AF is an important reversible cause of HF in @entity1 with an unexplained CM and catheter ablation an effective treatment option.

title: The Impact of Known XXXX on Long-Term Outcomes of Catheter Ablation in @entity1 with Atrial Fibrillation and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: A Multicenter International Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDCM']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation for AF is an effective treatment for @entity1 with AF and systolic LV dysfunction; however, the clinical outcome is variable. We evaluated the impact of @entity296 etiology on long-term outcomes post-catheter ablation. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing AF ablation across 3 centers (2 Australian, 1 UK) from 2002 to 2014, with LVEF<45% were evaluated. @entity1 were stratified into those with known @entity299 as a cause of @entity296 (KHD), and those with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ). RESULTS: One hundred and one @entity1 ( @entity1000 = 77, KHD = 24) with AF and LVEF <45% underwent AF ablation. The KHD group (ischemic @entity2033 in 67%) were older (61    7 vs. 55    11 years, P = 0.005), with a higher CHADS2 score (2.0    0.8 vs. 1.6    0.7, P = 0.016), but otherwise well matched. After mean follow-up of 36    23 months, AF control was greater in the @entity1000 group (82% vs. 50% in KHD, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis @entity1000 was associated with long-term AF control (P = 0.033). The @entity1000 group had less functional impairment at follow-up (NYHA class 1.5    0.7 vs. 2.0    0.8, P = 0.005) and improved LVEF (50    11% vs. 38    10%, P < 0.001). Super responders (EF improvement >15%) were overwhelmingly in the @entity1000 group (94% vs. 6%, P < 0.001) with greater AF control (89% vs. 61%, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality was significantly higher in the KHD group (17% vs. 1.3%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: @entity1000 was associated with greater AF control, and improvement in symptoms and LVEF compared to @entity1 with KHD post-AF ablation. AF is an important reversible cause of HF in @entity1 with an unexplained CM and catheter ablation an effective treatment option.

title: The Impact of Known @entity299 on Long-Term Outcomes of Catheter Ablation in XXXX with Atrial Fibrillation and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction: A Multicenter International Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In the present study we explored the role of b-catenin in mediating @entity1573 retina regeneration. The @entity1573 can regenerate its retina by activating stem/progenitor cells present in the @entity3067 ( @entity3067 ) of the eye or via transdifferentiation of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). Both modes require @entity9950 ( @entity9950 ). We observed, by immunohistochemistry, dynamic changes of nuclear b-catenin in the @entity3067 and @entity989 after injury (retinectomy). b-Catenin nuclear accumulation was transiently lost in cells of the @entity3067 in response to injury alone, while the loss of nuclear b-catenin was maintained as long as @entity9950 was present. However, nuclear b-catenin positive cells remained in the @entity989 in response to injury and were BrdU-/p27+, suggesting that nuclear b-catenin prevents those cells from entering the cell cycle. If @entity9950 is present, the @entity989 undergoes dedifferentiation and proliferation concomitant with loss of nuclear b-catenin. Moreover, retinectomy followed by disruption of active b-catenin by using a signaling inhibitor ( @entity9949 ) or over-expressing a dominant negative form of @entity11444 induces regeneration from both the @entity3067 and @entity989 in the absence of @entity9950 . Our results imply that b-catenin protects cells of the @entity3067 and @entity989 from entering the cell cycle in the developing eye, and specifically for the @entity989 during injury. Thus inactivation of b-catenin is a pre-requisite for @entity1573 retina regeneration.

title: b-Catenin inactivation is a pre-requisite for XXXX retina regeneration.

entities_list: @entity9950 :: ('396413(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['FGF2', 'fibroblast growth factor 2']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary margin', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigmented epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An estimated 25% of type two @entity6 ( @entity4989 ) @entity1 in the United States are undiagnosed due to inadequate screening, because it is prohibitive to administer laboratory tests to everyone. We assess whether @entity283 ( @entity283 ) phenotyping could improve @entity4989 screening compared to conventional models, even when records are incomplete and not recorded systematically across @entity1 and practice locations, as is typically seen in practice. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, @entity283 data from 9948 US @entity1 were used to develop a pre-screening tool to predict current @entity4989 , using multivariate logistic regression and a random-forests probabilistic model for out-of-sample validation. We compared (1) a full @entity283 model containing commonly prescribed medications, diagnoses, and conventional predictors, (2) a restricted @entity283 DX model which excluded medications, and (3) a conventional model containing basic predictors and their interactions (BMI, age, sex, smoking status, @entity101 ). RESULTS: Using a @entity1 's full @entity283 or restricted @entity283 was superior to using basic covariates alone for detecting individuals with @entity6 ( @entity1112 (2) test, p<0.001). @entity2704 and @entity943 were associated negatively with @entity4989 , while sexual and @entity5748 were associated positively. Adding @entity283 phenotypes improved classification; the AUC for the full @entity283 Model, @entity283 DX model, and conventional model using logistic regression, were 84.9%, 83.2%, and 75.0% respectively. For random forest out-of-sample prediction, accuracy also was improved when using @entity283 phenotypes; the AUC values were 81.3%, 79.6%, and 74.8%, respectively. Improved AUCs reflect better performance for most thresholds that balance sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity283 phenotyping resulted in markedly superior detection of @entity4989 , even in the face of missing and unsystematically recorded data, based on the ROC curves. @entity283 phenotypes could more efficiently identify which @entity1 do require, and don't require, further laboratory screening. When applied to the current number of undiagnosed individuals in the United States, we predict that incorporating @entity283 phenotype screening would identify an additional 400,000 @entity1 with active, untreated @entity6 compared to the conventional pre-screening models.

title: Electronic health record phenotyping improves detection and screening of type 2 XXXX in the general United States population: A cross-sectional, unselected, retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['EHR', 'electronic health record']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical X']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['gender identity disorder diagnosis and herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['Migraines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Active surveillance is an approach to low and @entity263 that is designed to decrease overtreatment. Despite close monitoring a small subset of @entity1 progress to @entity3 . We analyzed the clinical and pathological correlates of surveillance in @entity1 who eventually experienced @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single center, prospective cohort study. Eligible @entity1 were treated with an expectant approach. The main outcome measure was @entity3 -free survival. Predictive factors for @entity3 were identified. RESULTS: @entity3 developed in 30 of 980 @entity1 , of whom 211 were classified at intermediate risk, including 14 who progressed to @entity3 . Median followup was 6.3 years, median age was 70 years, median @entity1486 was 6.2 ng/ml and median time to @entity3 was 8.9 years. @entity3 developed in bone in 18 @entity1 (60%) and in lymph nodes in 13 (43%). @entity1486 doubling time less than 3 years (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-9.4, p  =  0.0006), Gleason score 7 (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.3, p = 0.0018) and a total of 3  or more positive cores (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.8, p = 0.0028) were independent predictors of @entity3 . Although the intermediate risk group was at higher risk for @entity3 , those with Gleason score 6 and @entity1486 greater than 10 ng/ml were not at increased risk for @entity3 . @entity3 developed in only 2 @entity1 with Gleason score 6 and neither had surgical pathology grading. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance appears safe in @entity1 at low risk and in select @entity1 at intermediate risk, particularly those with Gleason score 6 and @entity1486 greater than 10 ng/ml. @entity1 with elements of Gleason pattern 4 on diagnostic biopsy are at increased risk for eventual @entity3 when treated with an initial conservative approach.

title: Metastatic XXXX in @entity1 Initially Treated with Active Surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen', 'prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['low intermediate risk prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'Metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Active surveillance is an approach to low and @entity263 that is designed to decrease overtreatment. Despite close monitoring a small subset of @entity1 progress to @entity3 . We analyzed the clinical and pathological correlates of surveillance in @entity1 who eventually experienced @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single center, prospective cohort study. Eligible @entity1 were treated with an expectant approach. The main outcome measure was @entity3 -free survival. Predictive factors for @entity3 were identified. RESULTS: @entity3 developed in 30 of 980 @entity1 , of whom 211 were classified at intermediate risk, including 14 who progressed to @entity3 . Median followup was 6.3 years, median age was 70 years, median @entity1486 was 6.2 ng/ml and median time to @entity3 was 8.9 years. @entity3 developed in bone in 18 @entity1 (60%) and in lymph nodes in 13 (43%). @entity1486 doubling time less than 3 years (HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.4-9.4, p  =  0.0006), Gleason score 7 (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2-7.3, p = 0.0018) and a total of 3  or more positive cores (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.8, p = 0.0028) were independent predictors of @entity3 . Although the intermediate risk group was at higher risk for @entity3 , those with Gleason score 6 and @entity1486 greater than 10 ng/ml were not at increased risk for @entity3 . @entity3 developed in only 2 @entity1 with Gleason score 6 and neither had surgical pathology grading. CONCLUSION: Active surveillance appears safe in @entity1 at low risk and in select @entity1 at intermediate risk, particularly those with Gleason score 6 and @entity1486 greater than 10 ng/ml. @entity1 with elements of Gleason pattern 4 on diagnostic biopsy are at increased risk for eventual @entity3 when treated with an initial conservative approach.

title: Metastatic @entity263 in XXXX Initially Treated with Active Surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of cycle day 28 @entity53 (E2) levels in predicting pregnancy outcomes after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective, cohort study. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 (S): All IVF cycles resulting in a positive pregnancy test result at our center between January 2007 and December 2012 were included. INTERVENTION(S): In  vitro fertilization with fresh embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A total of 5,471 IVF cycles were identified. Cycles were stratified by day-28 E2 level (pg/mL) into three groups: A:  <=50; B: 51-100; and C: >100. Outcomes measured were live birth, clinical pregnancy, biochemical, ectopic, and spontaneous abortion rates. RESULT(S): There were 806, 588, and 4,077 IVF pregnancies in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Live birth rates were lower in groups A (15.4%) and B (41.2%) compared with group C (77.4%), representing decreased odds of live birth in @entity1 with E2 levels of  <=50 pg/mL (odd ratio 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.07) and in @entity1 with levels of 51-100 pg/mL (odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.25) compared with @entity1 with levels >100 pg/mL. Rates of biochemical and ectopic pregnancies were higher in groups A (66.5%, 6.20%) and B (30.7%, 3.57%) compared with group C (7.31%, 0.66%). An @entity3566 level <50 mIU/mL was associated with increased odds of a biochemical pregnancy and decreased odds of a live birth. CONCLUSION(S): Low E2 levels early in IVF pregnancies are associated with poorer pregnancy outcomes. @entity53 can be used alone or in conjunction with @entity3566 levels to predict the odds of a live birth.

title: How low is too low? Cycle day 28 XXXX levels and pregnancy outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: @entity16 can occur after compression of the spinal cord. It is widely accepted that @entity1745 leads to @entity2806 and ultimately @entity51 due to a narrowed spinal canal. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity1566 is required to help develop effective clinical interventions. In the present study, we propose a new method of quantitative 3D micro-CT to observe microvascular events in a chronic @entity1745 @entity35 model. A total of 36 @entity35 were divided into two groups: sham control group (n = 12) and compressive @entity1566 group (n = 24). @entity35 were scarified at four weeks after surgery. In each group, @entity6098 micro-vessel immunohistochemical staining was performed in half of the animals, while micro-CT scanning was performed in the other half. Microvessel density (MVD) was measured after immunohistochemical staining, while the vascular index (VI) was measured in 3D micro-CT. In comparison with sham control, abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) can be seen in all 24 cases of the compression group, and VI shows the amount of microvessels reduced consistently and significantly (p < 0.01). A significant correlation is also found between MVD and VI (r = 0.95, p < 0.01). These data suggest that quantitative 3D micro-CT is a sensitive and promising tool for investigating microvascular changes during chronic compressive @entity1566 .

title: Value of micro-CT for monitoring spinal microvascular changes after chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological degeneration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression injury', 'spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: Microbial rhodopsins are photoactive proteins, and their binding site can accommodate either all-trans or 13-cis retinal chromophore. The pH dependence of isomeric composition, dark-adaptation rate, and primary events of Anabaena sensory @entity8695 (ASR), a microbial @entity8695 discovered a decade ago, are presented. The main findings are: (a) Two pKa values of 6.5 and 4.0 assigned to two different protein residues are observed using spectroscopic titration experiments for both ground-state retinal isomers: all-trans, @entity10267 ( @entity10267 ) and 13-cis, 15-syn ( @entity7352 ). The protonation states of these protein residues affect the absorption spectrum of the pigment and most probably the isomerization process of the retinal chromophore. An additional pKa value of 8.5 is observed only for @entity7352 -ASR. (b) The isomeric composition of ASR is determined over a wide pH range and found to be almost pH-independent in the dark (>96% @entity10267 isomer) but highly pH-dependent in the light-adapted form. (c) The kinetics of dark adaptation is recorded over a wide pH range, showing that the thermal isomerization from @entity7352 to @entity10267 retinal occurs much faster at high pH rather than under acidic conditions. (d) Primary photochemical events of ASR at pH 5 are recorded using VIS hyperspectral pump-probe spectroscopy with <100 fs resolution and compared with the previously recorded results at pH 7.5. For @entity10267 -ASR, these are shown to be almost pH-independent. However, photochemistry of @entity7352 -ASR is pH-dependent and slowed down in acidic environments.

title: pH dependence of Anabaena sensory XXXX : retinal isomer composition, rate of dark adaptation, and photochemistry.

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['rhodopsin']


abstract: The use of alternating electric fields has been recently proposed for the treatment of recurrent @entity463 . In order to predict the electric field distribution in the brain during the application of such @entity5 treating fields (TTF), we constructed a realistic head model from MRI data and placed transducer arrays on the scalp to mimic an FDA-approved medical device. Values for the tissue dielectric properties were taken from the literature; values for the device parameters were obtained from the manufacturer. The finite element method was used to calculate the electric field distribution in the brain. We also included a 'virtual lesion' in the model to simulate the presence of an idealized @entity5 . The calculated electric field in the brain varied mostly between 0.5 and 2.0   V   cm(   -   1) and exceeded 1.0   V   cm(   -   1) in 60% of the total brain volume. Regions of local field enhancement occurred near interfaces between tissues with different conductivities wherever the electric field was perpendicular to those interfaces. These increases were strongest near the ventricles but were also present outside the @entity5 's @entity39 core and in some parts of the gray matter-white matter interface. The electric field values predicted in this model brain are in reasonably good agreement with those that have been shown to reduce @entity5 cell proliferation in vitro. The electric field distribution is highly non-uniform and depends on tissue geometry and dielectric properties. This could explain some of the variability in treatment outcomes. The proposed modeling framework could be used to better understand the physical basis of TTF efficacy through retrospective analysis and to improve TTF treatment planning.

title: Predicting the electric field distribution in the brain for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to expand and validate the @entity16 ( @entity16 ) to detect cartilage damage in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. We used an iterative 3-step process to develop and validate the lateral @entity16 : development (100 knees), testing (80 knees), and validation (100 knees). The validation set included 100 knees from the @entity571 Initiative that was enriched to include all grades of lateral joint space narrowing (JSN, 0-3). Measurement of the @entity16 was rapid at 7.4 (s.d. 0.73) minutes per knee pair (baseline and follow-up of one knee). The intratester reliability is good (intraclass correlation coefficient (3, 1 model) = 0.86 to 0.98). At baseline, knees with greater KL grade and lateral JSN had a lower mean @entity16 (i.e., greater cartilage damage). Baseline lateral @entity16 is associated with both lateral JSW (r = 0.81 to 0.85, p < 0.01) and HKA (r = -0.30 to -0.33, p < 0.05). The SRM is good (lateral femur SRM = -0.76; lateral tibia SRM = -0.73; lateral tibiofemoral total SRM = -0.87). The lateral tibiofemoral @entity16 quantification allows for rapid evaluation and is reliable and responsive, with good construct validity. It may be an efficient method to measure lateral tibiofemoral articular cartilage in large clinical and epidemiologic studies.

title: Development of a Rapid Cartilage Damage Quantification Method for the Lateral Tibiofemoral Compartment Using Magnetic Resonance Images: Data from the XXXX Initiative.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['CDI', 'cartilage damage index']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: To estimate the incidence rates of stress @entity322 (SUI) surgery among Finnish @entity1 from 1987 to 2009 by age, and to evaluate the trends in SUI surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective register-based study. All SUI procedures on adult @entity1 over age 18  years in Finland were identified from the nationwide Care Register for Health Care. Age-specific incidence rates @entity307 ,000 @entity1 were calculated for each year. The cumulative incidence of SUI surgery was calculated. RESULTS: There were 38,340 procedures for SUI in 1987-2009. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate increased 2.6-fold from 0.5/1,000 @entity1 in 1987 to 1.3/1,000 in 2002, but declined thereafter by 2009 to 0.8/1,000. There was a six-fold increase in the incidence rate in the age group 60-69 years and a ten-fold increase in the age group 70-79 years from 1987 to 2002. These marked increases in operation rates coincided with the increased use of @entity365 ( @entity365 ). In 2002, @entity365 accounted for 96  % of all SUI procedures. Mid-urethral slings with transobturator techniques surpassed @entity365 in popularity in 2007. The life-long cumulative incidence of SUI surgery was 9.9  % in 2002 and 6.3  % in 2009. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates of SUI surgery increased significantly in Finland, especially among @entity1 aged 60 to 79  years. Mid-urethral slings have become the dominant procedure.

title: Surgery for stress XXXX in Finland 1987-2009.

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape', 'TVT']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: MR-HIFU is a new non-invasive treatment modality that can be used for palliation in @entity1 with painful bone @entity3 . Since treatment strategies are mainly focused on the ablation of periosteal nerves, information on the presence and geometry of cortical bone influences the treatment strategy, both in determining the acoustic power and in avoiding safety issues related to far-field heating. Although MRI is available for imaging during treatment, CT is best used for examining the cortical bone. We present a registration method for registering CT and MR images of @entity1 with bone @entity3 prior to therapy. CT and MRI data were obtained from nine @entity1 with metastatic @entity79 at varying locations. A two-step registration approach was used, performing simultaneous rigid registration of all available MR images in the first step and an affine and deformable registration with an additional bone metric in the second step. The performance was evaluated using landmark annotation by clinical observers. An average registration error of 4.5  mm was obtained, which was comparable to the slice thickness of the data. The performance of the registration algorithm was satisfactory, even with differences in MRI acquisition parameters and for various anatomical sites. The obtained CT overlay is useful for treatment planning, as it allows an assessment of the integrity of the cortical bone. CT-MR registration is therefore recommended for HIFU treatment planning of @entity1 with bone @entity3 .

title: Registration of CT to pre-treatment MRI for planning of MR-HIFU ablation treatment of painful bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective:To investigate the expression of gap junction protein connexin 26( @entity3492 ) in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and its significance. Methods:The expression of @entity3492 in liver tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry staining in 159 paraffin-embeded liver sections, including 20 samples of normal liver tissue, 30 samples of chronic @entity99 , 33 samples of liver @entity82 , and 76 samples of @entity157 . Normal hepatic cell line LO2 and @entity157 cell line SMMC-7721 were used in vitro to verify the characteristics of gap junction and @entity3492 expression pattern. The expression and localization of @entity3492 were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. The function of gap junction between adjacent cells was detected by dye transfer assay. Results:Compared to normal liver samples, the positive rate of @entity3492 was markedly decreased in @entity99 , @entity82 and @entity157 tissues(all P<0.05). The intensity of @entity3492 staining was significantly increased in @entity157 tissues compared with those in @entity409 (NCL) tissues(all P<0.05). In NCL tissues, there was a mild to moderated staining of @entity3492 which located mainly on the membranes of hepatocytes at intercellular contacts. The positive staining of @entity3492 in @entity157 tissues was observed mainly in cytoplasm. Positive @entity3492 expression was positively associated with @entity5 size(P=0.036), but not with age, gender, histologic grade, clinical stage, underlying @entity99 and cirhosis, lymph node @entity3 and @entity455 (all P>0.05). Compared with LO2 cells, an aberrant expression and distribution of @entity3492 in SMMC-7721 cells was confirmed, which may lead to a decreased function of gap junctions. CONCLUSIONS: The aberrant expression and distribution of @entity3492 protein may be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, and the residual gap junction in @entity157 may provide a new target for treatment of @entity157 .

title: [Expression of gap junction protein connexin 26 in human XXXX and its significance].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic vascular embolism']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['non-carcinomatous liver']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnostic value of @entity30 activity with multi-slice CT enterography. METHODS: MSCTE examination data of 88 cases of @entity1050 @entity1 by clinical, endoscopy, pathology confirmed in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital from January 2013 to June 2014 were analysed. According to the Harvey-Bradshaw index, all of @entity1050 @entity1 were divided into the active phase group and remission phase group. Imaging findings of two groups were compared. To explore the relationship between MSCTE findings and CRP/ESR of @entity1050 @entity1 . RESULTS: The wall thickness (8.2    2.6) mm and enhancement degree (112    16) HU in active phase group were higher than the wall thickness (5.4    1.6) mm and enhancement degree (93    17) HU in the remission phase group (P < 0.01). The incidences of intestinal wall stratification enhancement, comb sign, swollen lymph nodes, @entity2688 , @entity4570 , @entity1944 in active phase group (88.5%, 72.1%, 77%, 45.9%, 26.2%, 65.6%) were significantly higher than those in remission phase group (29.6%, 18.5%, 25.9%, 0, 3.7%, 37%) (P < 0.05). The incidences of intestinal wall homogeneous enhancement in remission phase group (70.4%) were higher than those in active phase group (11.5%) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidences of abscesse in two groups (P > 0.05). CRP was correlated with the wall thickness and enhancement degree, abnornlal mesentery vascularity, @entity1600 , @entity2688 , @entity4570 (r > 0.2, P < 0.05). ESR was correlated with the wall enhancement degree, abnormal mesentery vascularity, @entity1600 and @entity2688 (r > 0.2, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CT enterography can adequately demonstrate @entity854 and assess the presence of extramural complications, which are helpful in evaluating the activity of @entity30 .

title: [Evaluation of XXXX activity with multi-slice CT enterography].

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal fistula']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of Dignity Therapy to improve the quality of life and reduce @entity458 in older @entity1 with early stage @entity303 . BACKGROUND: @entity303 is a syndrome with several causes that leads to a progressive decline in multiple areas of functioning. The maintenance of dignity and enhancement of quality of life are key elements of care. Meaningful communication may become more difficult with condition progression. Improvements in communication may have positive effects on the @entity1 's quality of life. Dignity Therapy is a short psychotherapeutic intervention that uses a trained therapist to take the @entity1 with @entity303 through a guided interview process, producing a 'generativity' document that creates a lasting, written legacy during a time when they are still able to communicate well. DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a feasibility mixed method study. Dignity Therapy was undertaken with @entity1 diagnosed as having early stage @entity303 . Data were gathe-red from pre- and post-Dignity Therapy interviews, a focus group, interviews with key  stakeholders, and three outcome measures: The Herth Hope Index; The @entity1 Dignity Inventory; Perceived Quality of Life/Satisfaction with Quality Life Ratings. FINDINGS: This study demonstrated that Dignity Therapy is feasible, acceptable and potentially effective for older @entity1 with @entity303 . Three overarching themes emerged: A life in context, A key to connect and Personal legacy. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that this feasibility study forms the basis for further study, advocating the prospective benefits to @entity1 with @entity303 , families and nursing practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Dignity Therapy, as a psychosocial intervention, has the potential to improve the quality of life and enhance @entity1 centred care for @entity1 with @entity303 .

title: Living well with XXXX : enhancing dignity and quality of life, using a  novel intervention, Dignity Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and spiritual distress']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1278 portends the highest mortality among @entity146 , despite primarily being a disease of adolescents and younger adults. Although some of this mortality risk is attributable to suicide, many @entity204 are likely cardiovascular in etiology. Recent studies suggest that adverse myocardial structural changes occur in this condition, which could underlie the increased mortality. Given limited prevalence of severe @entity448 there is a paucity of clinical and autopsy data to discern an exact cause of @entity204 . METHODS: Given this background we conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to provide a contemporary summary of the pathobiologic sequelae of severe @entity65 . We sought to elucidate the @entity1278 in four cardiovascular domains: structural, repolarization/conduction, hemodynamic, and peripheral vascular. RESULTS: A number of @entity299 associated with @entity1278 have been described in the literature, including pericardial and valvular pathology, changes in left ventricular mass and function, @entity616 , @entity1168 , @entity551 , and dysregulation in peripheral vascular contractility. Despite the prevalent theory that malignant @entity943 are implicated as a cause of @entity944 in this disorder, data to support this causal relationship are lacking. DISCUSSION: It is reasonable to obtain routine electrocardiography and measurements of orthostatic vital signs in @entity1 presenting with @entity1278 . Echocardiography is generally not indicated unless prompted by clinical signs of disease. Admission to an inpatient unit with telemetry monitoring is recommended for @entity1 with severe sinus @entity1168 or junction rhythm, marked prolongation of the corrected QT interval, or @entity1163 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015).

title: XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['impact of anorexia nervosa', 'Anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa on the cardiovascular system']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular complications of anorexia nervosa']


abstract: The expansion of molecular genetic knowledge leads to targeted therapy which is a common part of @entity5 treatment. Targeted agents also exist for @entity0 . However, new efficient molecules are urgently needed. On one hand, there are @entity5 subgroups where we do not have efficient targeted drugs, on the other hand, the results of established @entity5 therapies can be improved by interfering with another signal transduction pathway. @entity2239 is a targeted agent which was effective in several clinical trials and became registered for treatment of hormone receptor positive @entity0 . This article summarizes the results of @entity0 @entity2239 trials. The results of two phase 3 trials are available. In the BOLERO-2 trial @entity17082 was compared with the combination of @entity17082 and @entity2239 , while in BOLERO-3 trial trastuzumab and @entity1206 were investigated with or without @entity2239 . In both trials the progression-free survival was significantly longer in the experimental arm. The overall survival data of BOLERO-2 trial, a secondary end point, are also available. The 4.4 month benefit in the experimental arm is clinically important but it has not reached the level of statistical significance. We have not had biomarkers so far that could help us to identify a subgroup of @entity5 sensitive to @entity2239 .

title: [BOLERO -- another remarkable step in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'published breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze a cohort of @entity1 with HPV positive, @entity957 ( @entity957 ) treated with lower radiation dose to clinically involved lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with HPV positive, @entity957 treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (70-74.4Gy) to the primary site and, since a post-radiation neck dissection was planned, 54Gy to the involved nodal areas. Neck dissection was ultimately omitted in all cases due to complete response. All @entity1 were treated with a 3 field approach with sequential boost plans. Composite plans were generated retrospectively and primary @entity5 and lymph node GTVs were contoured and nodes were expanded by 5mm to form a CTV. Mean dose, dose to 95% (D95) and dose to 99% (D99) were determined. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 treated from 2008 to 2010 with 113 involved nodes were identified. The median age was 57years, and 6%, 46%, and 48% were current, former, and never smokers. Ninety percent of @entity1 received concurrent @entity900 based chemotherapy. Median D95 and D99 to involved nodes were 59.8Gy and 55.9Gy respectively. At a median follow up of 54.1months, two @entity1 developed nodal failure and four developed @entity3 . Five year loco-regional control, disease free survival and overall survival were 96%, 81% and 86% respectively. CONCLUSION: In this exploratory analysis, regional lymph node control in HPV positive @entity5 was not compromised by dose de-escalated radiotherapy to involved nodes in the setting of concurrent @entity900 based chemotherapy.

title: Regional control is preserved after dose de-escalated radiotherapy to involved lymph nodes in HPV positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']


abstract: Mortality for @entity1 presenting with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) complicated by @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and @entity1455 is very high even with surgical repair. We report our experience regarding utilization of TandemHeart, a percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) as an adjunct to the treatment of these @entity1 . Retrospective case series study design included a total of 11 @entity1 with post- @entity583 @entity1757 and severe refractory @entity1455 who received pVAD support at our institution. Three @entity1 underwent immediate surgical repair and received pVAD support for postcardiotomy @entity1455 for 2, 4, and 7 days, respectively. However, all three died. The other eight @entity1 had pVAD implanted prior to surgical repair in order to rest the myocardium before operation. Hemodynamics improved immediately after pVAD placement, and after receiving pVAD support for 7    3 days, they underwent surgical @entity1757 repair. Their total pre- and post-surgical pVAD support was 14    4 days. All eight survived 30 days postoperatively. At 6 months postsurgery overall survival rate was 75%. Our small series of these @entity3124 @entity1 shows a trend toward better survival after immediate pVAD placement to stabilize the @entity1 and allow for myocardial maturation before surgical @entity1757 repair.

title: Perioperative use of TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device in surgical repair of postinfarction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: PURPOSE:: To evaluate the visual outcome of optical coherence tomography-based ranibizumab monotherapy in Korean @entity1 with @entity2479 and identify prognostic factors of visual outcome. METHODS:: A prospective single-arm clinical study of 31 @entity2479 @entity1 who underwent 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections was conducted. Additional treatment was given based on optical coherence tomography at monthly follow-ups over 24 months. RESULTS:: Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 48.7    19.3 to 56.3    19.1 letters at 24 months (P = 0.010). Total cumulative numbers of injection were 5.5    2.2 and 7.7    3.4 times at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Older age, larger @entity1940 size, and poor initial best-corrected visual acuity were associated with poor visual outcome. Final best-corrected visual acuity was significantly worse with Stage 3 disease (70.4    5.1, 62.3    11.6, 46.2    22.3 letters improved in each stage; P = 0.015). Among factors associated with poor visual outcome, only the stage of @entity2479 remained statistically significant on multiple linear regression analysis (P = 0.006). Although baseline best-corrected visual acuity was similar, Stage 3 @entity1 exhibited limited visual improvement despite anatomical improvement, and more recurrences requiring more injections. CONCLUSION:: @entity2479 may be successfully managed with ranibizumab monotherapy in Korean @entity1 , with the number of treatments required comparable to other forms of neovascular age-related @entity1020 . However, visual improvement was limited in late-stage @entity541 .

title: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY-BASED RANIBIZUMAB MONOTHERAPY FOR RETINAL ANGIOMATOUS PROLIFERATION IN KOREAN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation', 'Retinal angiomatous proliferation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: PURPOSE: This review compared knee muscle activity between @entity942 ( @entity942 ) @entity1 and healthy controls during gait, to find out whether the available electromyography (EMG) studies support Quadriceps (Q-ceps) inhibition or hamstring facilitation during gait in @entity942 @entity1 . METHOD: A systematic review was conducted to retrieve the EMG studies of knee muscles during gait in @entity942 @entity1 . Cochrane library, PubMed, Medline, Ovid, CINAHL and Science Direct databases were searched entries from 1995 through October 2014 using the terms "anterior cruciate ligament" OR "ACL", "electromyography" Or "EMG" "gait" Or "walking". Articles that assessed subjects with ACL rupture that used surface EMG to assess the knee muscle activity were included. The quality of the included papers was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for observational studies. RESULT: In total, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies consistently found no significant difference in magnitude of activity or timing of Q-ceps muscle between the chronic @entity942 @entity1 and control subjects. Two studies on acute @entity942 @entity1 and three studies on @entity942 @entity1 with unstable knee found the significantly reduced Q-ceps activity compared to control subjects. Six studies showed the significantly greater hamstring activity, and three studies found prolonged duration of activity in @entity942 @entity1 compared to the control subjects. CONCLUSION: This review highlighted that the results of the studies are in favour of increased hamstring muscular activity. However, decreased Q-ceps activation exists in the acute stage and in @entity942 @entity1 that experience knee instability (non-copers). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Knee muscle activity during gait in XXXX with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review of electromyographic studies.

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['ACLD', 'ACL-deficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to comprehensively evaluate lipoprotein profile including lipid particle size following a lifestyle intervention in @entity209 ( @entity209 ) volunteers and to assess the associations between lipoprotein subfractions and @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) - a surrogate indicator of @entity731 . METHODS: 100 @entity1 (50-70 years) from the RESOLVE trial, underwent a one-year follow-up beginning with a three-week residential program combining high exercise volume (15-20 h/week), restrictive diet (-500 kcal/day), and education. For baseline references, 40 aged-matched healthy controls were recruited. Independent associations between subfractions of lipoproteins and @entity1004 were evaluated using a generalized estimating equations model accounting for variation in correlations between repeated measures. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed using Lipoprint   electrophoresis allowing to separate: the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, then the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) C, B and A, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with subfractions 1 and 2 as large LDL and subfractions 3 to 7 as small dense LDL (sdLDL), and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions categorized into large, intermediate, and small HDL. Apolipoproteins A1 and B were also measured. RESULTS: 78 @entity1 completed the program. At baseline, apolipoproteins B/A1, VLDL, sdLDL and small HDL were higher in @entity209 than in healthy controls; IDL, LDL size, large and intermediate HDL were lower. Despite time-related regains during the follow-up, lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in cardiovascular risk, such as sdLDL, improved immediately after the residential program with values closest to those of healthy controls. @entity1004 improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. Using a generalized estimating equations model, none of the subfractions of lipoproteins nor apolipoproteins were linked to @entity1004 . CONCLUSIONS: Lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in CVR, decreased after the 3-week residential program. During a 12 month follow-up, the time-related regains remained closer to the values of healthy controls than they were at baseline. @entity1004 improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. However, we failed to demonstrate a link between some lipoprotein subfractions and the atherogenicity directly measured from the wall thickness of arteries ( @entity1004 ). Further investigations are required to explore the atherogenicity of lipoprotein subfractions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00917917.

title: Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of XXXX by physical activity and diet - the RESOLVE trial.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid-intima-media-thickness', 'CIMT']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase 2 study was completed by the Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity1204 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pathologic requirements included @entity1204 stages III and IV. Radiation therapy consisted of a total dose of 4500 to 5040 cGy in 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks. @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) was administered once weekly for 5 weeks during radiation therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled between January 2006 and March 2008. The median follow-up time was 60.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.0-58.2). All grade 3/4 @entity137 were hematologic and usually self-limited. There was no life-threatening @entity137 . The cumulative incidence of intrapelvic recurrence sites was 1.9% (1/52), and the cumulative incidence of extrapelvic recurrence sites was 34.6% (18/52). The estimated 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 63.5% (95% CI, 50.4-76.5) and 82.7% (95% CI, 72.4-92.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 is well tolerated and seems to be effective for high-risk endometrioid @entity1204 . This approach appears reasonable to be tested for efficacy in a prospective, randomized controlled study.

title: A phase 2 trial of radiation therapy with concurrent XXXX chemotherapy after surgery in @entity1 with high-risk @entity1204 : a Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancers']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase 2 study was completed by the Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity1204 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pathologic requirements included @entity1204 stages III and IV. Radiation therapy consisted of a total dose of 4500 to 5040 cGy in 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks. @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) was administered once weekly for 5 weeks during radiation therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled between January 2006 and March 2008. The median follow-up time was 60.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.0-58.2). All grade 3/4 @entity137 were hematologic and usually self-limited. There was no life-threatening @entity137 . The cumulative incidence of intrapelvic recurrence sites was 1.9% (1/52), and the cumulative incidence of extrapelvic recurrence sites was 34.6% (18/52). The estimated 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 63.5% (95% CI, 50.4-76.5) and 82.7% (95% CI, 72.4-92.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 is well tolerated and seems to be effective for high-risk endometrioid @entity1204 . This approach appears reasonable to be tested for efficacy in a prospective, randomized controlled study.

title: A phase 2 trial of radiation therapy with concurrent @entity1311 chemotherapy after surgery in @entity1 with high-risk XXXX : a Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group study.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase 2 study was completed by the Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 in @entity1 with high-risk @entity1204 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Pathologic requirements included @entity1204 stages III and IV. Radiation therapy consisted of a total dose of 4500 to 5040 cGy in 5 fractions per week for 6 weeks. @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) was administered once weekly for 5 weeks during radiation therapy. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled between January 2006 and March 2008. The median follow-up time was 60.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.0-58.2). All grade 3/4 @entity137 were hematologic and usually self-limited. There was no life-threatening @entity137 . The cumulative incidence of intrapelvic recurrence sites was 1.9% (1/52), and the cumulative incidence of extrapelvic recurrence sites was 34.6% (18/52). The estimated 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 63.5% (95% CI, 50.4-76.5) and 82.7% (95% CI, 72.4-92.9), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiation with weekly @entity1311 is well tolerated and seems to be effective for high-risk endometrioid @entity1204 . This approach appears reasonable to be tested for efficacy in a prospective, randomized controlled study.

title: A phase 2 trial of radiation therapy with concurrent @entity1311 chemotherapy after surgery in XXXX with high-risk @entity1204 : a Korean Gynecologic Oncologic Group study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At diagnosis, identification of reliable biological indicators of prognosis to allow stratification of @entity1 according to different risks is an important but still unresolved aspect in the treatment of @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) @entity1 . This study aimed to explore the role of @entity7762 expression on prognosis of @entity2828 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens from 109 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity2828 treated at the Rizzoli Institute with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (protocols ISG/SSGIII, @entity37916 , EW-2, EW-REN2, EW-REN3, EW-PILOT) and 17 @entity3 were studied. Sixty-eight @entity1 (62%) remained disease-free and 41 (38%) relapsed (median follow-up: 67 months, range 9-241 months). Expression of @entity7762 and of some of its targets ( @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity4093 and @entity19767 ) was evaluated by qRT-PCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays and/or by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from the same @entity1 . RESULTS: High expression of @entity7762 in localized @entity5 was significantly related to better event-free and overall survival (P = 0.004). Relevance of @entity7762 was confirmed by using different calibrators (normal mesenchymal stem cells and different normal tissues). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, low @entity7762 expression as well as nontotal @entity39 and high levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase were all confirmed as independent risk factors associated with poor outcome. Expression of @entity7762 was lower in @entity3 than in primary @entity5 . It inversely correlated with expression of @entity4910 and Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating its relationship with clinical outcome, we propose evaluation of @entity7762 at diagnosis of @entity2828 @entity1 to allow early risk stratification. Validation of these results would nonetheless ultimately need a prospective assessment.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity7762 in XXXX is associated with @entity4910 expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma', 'EWS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At diagnosis, identification of reliable biological indicators of prognosis to allow stratification of @entity1 according to different risks is an important but still unresolved aspect in the treatment of @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) @entity1 . This study aimed to explore the role of @entity7762 expression on prognosis of @entity2828 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens from 109 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity2828 treated at the Rizzoli Institute with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (protocols ISG/SSGIII, @entity37916 , EW-2, EW-REN2, EW-REN3, EW-PILOT) and 17 @entity3 were studied. Sixty-eight @entity1 (62%) remained disease-free and 41 (38%) relapsed (median follow-up: 67 months, range 9-241 months). Expression of @entity7762 and of some of its targets ( @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity4093 and @entity19767 ) was evaluated by qRT-PCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays and/or by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from the same @entity1 . RESULTS: High expression of @entity7762 in localized @entity5 was significantly related to better event-free and overall survival (P = 0.004). Relevance of @entity7762 was confirmed by using different calibrators (normal mesenchymal stem cells and different normal tissues). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, low @entity7762 expression as well as nontotal @entity39 and high levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase were all confirmed as independent risk factors associated with poor outcome. Expression of @entity7762 was lower in @entity3 than in primary @entity5 . It inversely correlated with expression of @entity4910 and Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating its relationship with clinical outcome, we propose evaluation of @entity7762 at diagnosis of @entity2828 @entity1 to allow early risk stratification. Validation of these results would nonetheless ultimately need a prospective assessment.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX in @entity2828 is associated with @entity4910 expression.

answer: @entity7762 :: (407040,Gene) :: ['miR-34a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At diagnosis, identification of reliable biological indicators of prognosis to allow stratification of @entity1 according to different risks is an important but still unresolved aspect in the treatment of @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ) @entity1 . This study aimed to explore the role of @entity7762 expression on prognosis of @entity2828 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Specimens from 109 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity2828 treated at the Rizzoli Institute with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (protocols ISG/SSGIII, @entity37916 , EW-2, EW-REN2, EW-REN3, EW-PILOT) and 17 @entity3 were studied. Sixty-eight @entity1 (62%) remained disease-free and 41 (38%) relapsed (median follow-up: 67 months, range 9-241 months). Expression of @entity7762 and of some of its targets ( @entity4910 , @entity588 , @entity4093 and @entity19767 ) was evaluated by qRT-PCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays and/or by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from the same @entity1 . RESULTS: High expression of @entity7762 in localized @entity5 was significantly related to better event-free and overall survival (P = 0.004). Relevance of @entity7762 was confirmed by using different calibrators (normal mesenchymal stem cells and different normal tissues). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, low @entity7762 expression as well as nontotal @entity39 and high levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase were all confirmed as independent risk factors associated with poor outcome. Expression of @entity7762 was lower in @entity3 than in primary @entity5 . It inversely correlated with expression of @entity4910 and Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating its relationship with clinical outcome, we propose evaluation of @entity7762 at diagnosis of @entity2828 @entity1 to allow early risk stratification. Validation of these results would nonetheless ultimately need a prospective assessment.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity7762 in @entity2828 is associated with XXXX expression.

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['cyclin D1 and ki-67']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether recent newspaper coverage of the four most common @entity5 types relates to their relative burden and national awareness months, and to identify the subject focus during high-coverage periods. DESIGN: Content analysis using the Nexis newspaper article database. SETTING: UK 2011-2012. OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual number and ranking, monthly proportions and subject of articles on @entity0 . RESULTS: 9178 articles were identified during 2011 and 2012 featuring breast (4237), prostate (1757), lung (1746) and bowel (1438) @entity5 . Peaks in monthly proportions above the 99% upper confidence limit were identified for each. @entity0 had the highest coverage of 12% and 17% during its awareness month. Smaller peaks (11%) were identified during Bowel Cancer @entity3596 . @entity263 received high coverage in relation to the case of the @entity1 convicted of the Lockerbie bombing who had been diagnosed with the @entity5 in relation to the deaths of celebrities. @entity0 was covered most often overall and by newspaper category while the lower coverage of other @entity5 types did not consistently mirror the relative number of new cases each year. The peaks by newspaper category were similar to the overall coverage with few exceptions. CONCLUSIONS: UK newspaper coverage of common @entity5 types other than of the breast appears under-represented relative to their population burden. Coverage of @entity0 appears to be influenced by their awareness months, while that of @entity263 and @entity2 is influenced by other media stories. Health-promoting public bodies and campaigners could learn from the success of @entity0 Awareness Month and work more closely with journalists to ensure that the relevant messages reach wider audiences.

title: Coverage of common XXXX types in UK national newspapers: a content analysis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'Breast cancer', 'breast, lung, bowel and prostate cancers', 'breast cancer and bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer, and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3596 :: ('MESH:D058926', 'Disease') :: ['Awareness month']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between trial sponsorship and conflicts of interest ( @entity9859 ) with clinical trial conclusions for @entity263 trials related to radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched for all @entity263 clinical trials published between 2004 and 2013 and identified 1396 studies. Two investigators independently identified trials published in the English language of >= 30 @entity1 , and extracted relevant data. Clinical trials were classified according to trial characteristics, sponsorship source and type, @entity9859 , and study conclusion, and analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 240 eligible trials, 160 (67.5%) evaluated drugs without radiotherapy, 60 (25%) involved radiotherapy, and 18 (7.5%) involved procedures without radiotherapy. Of the 60 radiotherapy trials eligible for analysis, positive sponsorship and potential @entity9859 were present in 58.3% and 20% of trials, respectively. Study conclusions were positive, negative, or neutral in 78.3%, 5%, and 16.7% of trials, respectively. No association was found between positive conclusions and either industry support of potential @entity9859 . Positive conclusions were reported in 86.7% and 83.3% of trials with sponsorship and @entity9859 , respectively, as compared with 75.6% and 77.1% of those without sponsorship (P=0.37) and @entity9859 (P=0.64). Sponsorship was significantly associated with radiotherapy trials combined with drugs (odds ratio 5.5, P=0.01) and higher-risk disease (odds ratio 4.71, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sponsorship was associated with radiotherapy trials involving drugs or studying @entity263 . However, there were no identified associations between study conclusion and sponsorship type or @entity9859 .

title: Self-reported Conflicts of Interest and Trial Sponsorship of Clinical Trials in XXXX Involving Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['higher-risk prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the mutant allele frequency (MAF) may also have predictive implications for @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity470 ( @entity470 )-mutated @entity2220 (AELAd) remains unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: Based on a biobanking system in conjunction with our institution, we assessed @entity470 mutation status using pyrosequencing (Py) and by outsourcing laboratory tests, such as the Cycleave (Cy) and the Scorpion ARMS (A). RESULTS: Out of 705 @entity1 enrolled in the Shizuoka @entity2 Mutation Study between July 2011 and March 2013, 102 AELAd @entity1 were identified as carrying the @entity9512 mutation (L858Rm) using Py to analyze histological specimens. Of these 102 @entity1 , the @entity470 mutation status was assessed using both Py and Cy in 48 @entity1 : the median MAF of @entity9512 (MAFLR) was 18.5% (range: 8%-82%), and 45 @entity1 (94%) were identified as having an L858Rm using both Py and Cy. Three @entity1 (6%) with discrepant L858Rm findings were only identified using Py. The plotting of a receiver operating characteristic curve to identify the discordance in L858Rm findings showed that the area under the curve for MAFLR was 0.967 (95% confidence interval: 0.91-1) and that an MAFLR of 9% resulted in high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99%). Also, 29 @entity1 with AELAd, excluding those with postoperative recurrences, had their @entity9512 status assessed using Cy or A. The median age, 69 years (range: 47-84 years); male/female, 14 (48%)/15 (52%); smokers/never-smokers 13 (45%)/16 (55%); ECOG PS 0-1/2-3, 26 (90%)/3 (10%); stage IIIB/IV, 4 (14%)/25 (86%); median MAFLR, 18% (range: 8%-63%). @entity1 with an MAFLR of  <=9% had a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) period after TKI therapy than those with an MAFLR of >9% (mPFS: 92 versus 284 days, P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: The MAF may be a potential predictive factor of TKI treatment efficacy in @entity1 with AELAd carrying the L858Rm.

title: Mutant allele frequency predicts the efficacy of @entity470 -TKIs in XXXX harboring the @entity9512 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the mutant allele frequency (MAF) may also have predictive implications for @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity470 ( @entity470 )-mutated @entity2220 (AELAd) remains unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: Based on a biobanking system in conjunction with our institution, we assessed @entity470 mutation status using pyrosequencing (Py) and by outsourcing laboratory tests, such as the Cycleave (Cy) and the Scorpion ARMS (A). RESULTS: Out of 705 @entity1 enrolled in the Shizuoka @entity2 Mutation Study between July 2011 and March 2013, 102 AELAd @entity1 were identified as carrying the @entity9512 mutation (L858Rm) using Py to analyze histological specimens. Of these 102 @entity1 , the @entity470 mutation status was assessed using both Py and Cy in 48 @entity1 : the median MAF of @entity9512 (MAFLR) was 18.5% (range: 8%-82%), and 45 @entity1 (94%) were identified as having an L858Rm using both Py and Cy. Three @entity1 (6%) with discrepant L858Rm findings were only identified using Py. The plotting of a receiver operating characteristic curve to identify the discordance in L858Rm findings showed that the area under the curve for MAFLR was 0.967 (95% confidence interval: 0.91-1) and that an MAFLR of 9% resulted in high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99%). Also, 29 @entity1 with AELAd, excluding those with postoperative recurrences, had their @entity9512 status assessed using Cy or A. The median age, 69 years (range: 47-84 years); male/female, 14 (48%)/15 (52%); smokers/never-smokers 13 (45%)/16 (55%); ECOG PS 0-1/2-3, 26 (90%)/3 (10%); stage IIIB/IV, 4 (14%)/25 (86%); median MAFLR, 18% (range: 8%-63%). @entity1 with an MAFLR of  <=9% had a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) period after TKI therapy than those with an MAFLR of >9% (mPFS: 92 versus 284 days, P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: The MAF may be a potential predictive factor of TKI treatment efficacy in @entity1 with AELAd carrying the L858Rm.

title: Mutant allele frequency predicts the efficacy of @entity470 -TKIs in @entity2220 harboring the XXXX mutation.

answer: @entity9512 :: (p|SUB|L|858|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['L858R']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the mutant allele frequency (MAF) may also have predictive implications for @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity470 ( @entity470 )-mutated @entity2220 (AELAd) remains unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: Based on a biobanking system in conjunction with our institution, we assessed @entity470 mutation status using pyrosequencing (Py) and by outsourcing laboratory tests, such as the Cycleave (Cy) and the Scorpion ARMS (A). RESULTS: Out of 705 @entity1 enrolled in the Shizuoka @entity2 Mutation Study between July 2011 and March 2013, 102 AELAd @entity1 were identified as carrying the @entity9512 mutation (L858Rm) using Py to analyze histological specimens. Of these 102 @entity1 , the @entity470 mutation status was assessed using both Py and Cy in 48 @entity1 : the median MAF of @entity9512 (MAFLR) was 18.5% (range: 8%-82%), and 45 @entity1 (94%) were identified as having an L858Rm using both Py and Cy. Three @entity1 (6%) with discrepant L858Rm findings were only identified using Py. The plotting of a receiver operating characteristic curve to identify the discordance in L858Rm findings showed that the area under the curve for MAFLR was 0.967 (95% confidence interval: 0.91-1) and that an MAFLR of 9% resulted in high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99%). Also, 29 @entity1 with AELAd, excluding those with postoperative recurrences, had their @entity9512 status assessed using Cy or A. The median age, 69 years (range: 47-84 years); male/female, 14 (48%)/15 (52%); smokers/never-smokers 13 (45%)/16 (55%); ECOG PS 0-1/2-3, 26 (90%)/3 (10%); stage IIIB/IV, 4 (14%)/25 (86%); median MAFLR, 18% (range: 8%-63%). @entity1 with an MAFLR of  <=9% had a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) period after TKI therapy than those with an MAFLR of >9% (mPFS: 92 versus 284 days, P = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: The MAF may be a potential predictive factor of TKI treatment efficacy in @entity1 with AELAd carrying the L858Rm.

title: Mutant allele frequency predicts the efficacy of XXXX -TKIs in @entity2220 harboring the @entity9512 mutation.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E2303 evaluated cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 used as induction therapy and concomitant with radiation therapy in @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity213 ( @entity213 ) determining pathologic complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage III/IV @entity213 underwent induction therapy with planned primary site restaging biopsies (at week 8 in clinical complete responders and at week 14 if disease persisted). Chemoradiation (CRT) began week 9. If week 14 biopsy was negative, @entity1 completed CRT (68-72 Gy); otherwise, resection was carried out. @entity986 protein expression status was correlated with response/survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled; 63 were eligible. Forty-four (70%) were free of surgery to the primary site, progression, and death 1-year post-treatment. Following induction, 41 (23 CR) underwent week 8 primary site biopsy and 24 (59%) had no @entity5 (pathologic CR). Week 14 biopsy during chemoradiation (50 Gy) in 34 (15 previously positive biopsy; 19 no prior biopsy) was negative in 33. Thus 90% of eligible @entity1 completed CRT. Overall survival and EFS were 78% and 55% at 3 years, respectively. Disease progression in 23 @entity1 (37%) was local only in 10 (16%), regional in 5 (8%), local and regional in 2 (3%), and distant in 5 @entity1 (8%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . @entity137 was primarily hematologic or radiation-related. @entity986 AQUA score was not associated with response/survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by the same drug CRT is safe and induces high primary site response and promising survival. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT 00089297.

title: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and XXXX followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 for @entity5 : a phase II ECOG-ACRIN trial (E2303).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E2303 evaluated cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 used as induction therapy and concomitant with radiation therapy in @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity213 ( @entity213 ) determining pathologic complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage III/IV @entity213 underwent induction therapy with planned primary site restaging biopsies (at week 8 in clinical complete responders and at week 14 if disease persisted). Chemoradiation (CRT) began week 9. If week 14 biopsy was negative, @entity1 completed CRT (68-72 Gy); otherwise, resection was carried out. @entity986 protein expression status was correlated with response/survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled; 63 were eligible. Forty-four (70%) were free of surgery to the primary site, progression, and death 1-year post-treatment. Following induction, 41 (23 CR) underwent week 8 primary site biopsy and 24 (59%) had no @entity5 (pathologic CR). Week 14 biopsy during chemoradiation (50 Gy) in 34 (15 previously positive biopsy; 19 no prior biopsy) was negative in 33. Thus 90% of eligible @entity1 completed CRT. Overall survival and EFS were 78% and 55% at 3 years, respectively. Disease progression in 23 @entity1 (37%) was local only in 10 (16%), regional in 5 (8%), local and regional in 2 (3%), and distant in 5 @entity1 (8%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . @entity137 was primarily hematologic or radiation-related. @entity986 AQUA score was not associated with response/survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by the same drug CRT is safe and induces high primary site response and promising survival. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT 00089297.

title: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab, @entity1311 , and XXXX for @entity5 : a phase II ECOG-ACRIN trial (E2303).

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E2303 evaluated cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 used as induction therapy and concomitant with radiation therapy in @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity213 ( @entity213 ) determining pathologic complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage III/IV @entity213 underwent induction therapy with planned primary site restaging biopsies (at week 8 in clinical complete responders and at week 14 if disease persisted). Chemoradiation (CRT) began week 9. If week 14 biopsy was negative, @entity1 completed CRT (68-72 Gy); otherwise, resection was carried out. @entity986 protein expression status was correlated with response/survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled; 63 were eligible. Forty-four (70%) were free of surgery to the primary site, progression, and death 1-year post-treatment. Following induction, 41 (23 CR) underwent week 8 primary site biopsy and 24 (59%) had no @entity5 (pathologic CR). Week 14 biopsy during chemoradiation (50 Gy) in 34 (15 previously positive biopsy; 19 no prior biopsy) was negative in 33. Thus 90% of eligible @entity1 completed CRT. Overall survival and EFS were 78% and 55% at 3 years, respectively. Disease progression in 23 @entity1 (37%) was local only in 10 (16%), regional in 5 (8%), local and regional in 2 (3%), and distant in 5 @entity1 (8%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . @entity137 was primarily hematologic or radiation-related. @entity986 AQUA score was not associated with response/survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by the same drug CRT is safe and induces high primary site response and promising survival. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT 00089297.

title: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 for XXXX : a phase II ECOG-ACRIN trial (E2303).

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III/IV head and neck squamous cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E2303 evaluated cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 used as induction therapy and concomitant with radiation therapy in @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity213 ( @entity213 ) determining pathologic complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage III/IV @entity213 underwent induction therapy with planned primary site restaging biopsies (at week 8 in clinical complete responders and at week 14 if disease persisted). Chemoradiation (CRT) began week 9. If week 14 biopsy was negative, @entity1 completed CRT (68-72 Gy); otherwise, resection was carried out. @entity986 protein expression status was correlated with response/survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled; 63 were eligible. Forty-four (70%) were free of surgery to the primary site, progression, and death 1-year post-treatment. Following induction, 41 (23 CR) underwent week 8 primary site biopsy and 24 (59%) had no @entity5 (pathologic CR). Week 14 biopsy during chemoradiation (50 Gy) in 34 (15 previously positive biopsy; 19 no prior biopsy) was negative in 33. Thus 90% of eligible @entity1 completed CRT. Overall survival and EFS were 78% and 55% at 3 years, respectively. Disease progression in 23 @entity1 (37%) was local only in 10 (16%), regional in 5 (8%), local and regional in 2 (3%), and distant in 5 @entity1 (8%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . @entity137 was primarily hematologic or radiation-related. @entity986 AQUA score was not associated with response/survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by the same drug CRT is safe and induces high primary site response and promising survival. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT 00089297.

title: Induction cetuximab, XXXX , and @entity3003 followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 for @entity5 : a phase II ECOG-ACRIN trial (E2303).

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E2303 evaluated cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 used as induction therapy and concomitant with radiation therapy in @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity213 ( @entity213 ) determining pathologic complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and @entity137 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with resectable stage III/IV @entity213 underwent induction therapy with planned primary site restaging biopsies (at week 8 in clinical complete responders and at week 14 if disease persisted). Chemoradiation (CRT) began week 9. If week 14 biopsy was negative, @entity1 completed CRT (68-72 Gy); otherwise, resection was carried out. @entity986 protein expression status was correlated with response/survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were enrolled; 63 were eligible. Forty-four (70%) were free of surgery to the primary site, progression, and death 1-year post-treatment. Following induction, 41 (23 CR) underwent week 8 primary site biopsy and 24 (59%) had no @entity5 (pathologic CR). Week 14 biopsy during chemoradiation (50 Gy) in 34 (15 previously positive biopsy; 19 no prior biopsy) was negative in 33. Thus 90% of eligible @entity1 completed CRT. Overall survival and EFS were 78% and 55% at 3 years, respectively. Disease progression in 23 @entity1 (37%) was local only in 10 (16%), regional in 5 (8%), local and regional in 2 (3%), and distant in 5 @entity1 (8%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . @entity137 was primarily hematologic or radiation-related. @entity986 AQUA score was not associated with response/survival. CONCLUSIONS: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by the same drug CRT is safe and induces high primary site response and promising survival. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT 00089297.

title: Induction cetuximab, @entity1311 , and @entity3003 followed by chemoradiation with cetuximab, XXXX , and @entity3003 for @entity5 : a phase II ECOG-ACRIN trial (E2303).

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Dengue is an important and growing public health problem worldwide with an estimated 100million new clinical cases annually. Currently, no licensed drug or vaccine is available. During @entity281 in @entity1 , liver cells constitute one of the main targets of dengue virus (DENV) replication. However, a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive. In order to gain a better reading of the cross talk between virus and host cell proteins, we used a proteomics approach to analyze the host response to DENV infection in a hepatic cell line @entity5959 . Differences in proteome expression were assayed 24h post-infection using label-free LC-MS. Quantitative analysis revealed 155 differentially expressed proteins, 64 of which were up-regulated and 91 down-regulated. These results reveal an important decrease in the expression of enzymes involved in the glycolytic pathway, @entity1792 cycle, and @entity2388 metabolism. This study provides large-scale quantitative information regarding protein expression in the early stages of infection that should be useful for better compression of the pathogenesis of dengue. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: @entity281 involves alterations in the homeostasis of the host cell. Defining the interactions between virus and cell proteins should provide a better understanding of how viruses propagate and cause disease. Here, we present for the first time the proteomic analysis of hepatocytes ( @entity5959 cells) infected with DENV-2 by label-free LC-MS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics, mass spectrometry and peptidomics, Cancun 2013.

title: Quantitative proteomic analysis of XXXX cells infected with Dengue virus by label-free LC-MS.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['natural infection', 'Dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity5959 :: (284424,Gene) :: ['Huh-7']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study investigated in a community sample associations of 2 different measures of unawareness of @entity2414 in @entity303 with @entity73 and behavioral and psychological symptoms of @entity303 . METHOD: Design-cross-sectional, population-based survey. Settings-community samples (n = 15 022) from 3 world regions (Latin America, China, and India). @entity1 -829 @entity1 with @entity303 identified from standardized interviews and diagnostic algorithms. Measurements-unawareness of @entity2414 was measured in 2 ways: comparison of @entity1 subjective report with either objective performance on memory tests or informant report (IR). Associations were investigated using prevalence ratios and Poisson regressions. Differences in frequency of unawareness were explored with McNemar tests for each region and agreement between variables calculated with Cohen k. RESULTS: The unawareness variable based on comparison with performance was associated with @entity73 , such as fluency (in China) and @entity73 (Latin America and India), and behavioral symptoms, such as @entity162 (Latin America) and @entity1833 (China). The unawareness variable based on IR was associated only with behavioral symptoms, such as @entity148 and @entity162 (Latin America). Frequency of unawareness was significantly higher in the unawareness variable based on performance in India. Agreement between the 2 unawareness variables was moderate in Latin America and China but only slight in India. CONCLUSION: Different ways of measuring unawareness are differentially associated with influencing factors. Informant-based unawareness measures may be more subjective and less sensitive than variables taking into account actual performance on cognitive tests.

title: Neuropsychological and Behavioral Disturbance Correlates of Unawareness of XXXX in @entity303 : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial impairments', 'cognitive variables']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety (in China and India) and hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Impairment']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study investigated in a community sample associations of 2 different measures of unawareness of @entity2414 in @entity303 with @entity73 and behavioral and psychological symptoms of @entity303 . METHOD: Design-cross-sectional, population-based survey. Settings-community samples (n = 15 022) from 3 world regions (Latin America, China, and India). @entity1 -829 @entity1 with @entity303 identified from standardized interviews and diagnostic algorithms. Measurements-unawareness of @entity2414 was measured in 2 ways: comparison of @entity1 subjective report with either objective performance on memory tests or informant report (IR). Associations were investigated using prevalence ratios and Poisson regressions. Differences in frequency of unawareness were explored with McNemar tests for each region and agreement between variables calculated with Cohen k. RESULTS: The unawareness variable based on comparison with performance was associated with @entity73 , such as fluency (in China) and @entity73 (Latin America and India), and behavioral symptoms, such as @entity162 (Latin America) and @entity1833 (China). The unawareness variable based on IR was associated only with behavioral symptoms, such as @entity148 and @entity162 (Latin America). Frequency of unawareness was significantly higher in the unawareness variable based on performance in India. Agreement between the 2 unawareness variables was moderate in Latin America and China but only slight in India. CONCLUSION: Different ways of measuring unawareness are differentially associated with influencing factors. Informant-based unawareness measures may be more subjective and less sensitive than variables taking into account actual performance on cognitive tests.

title: Neuropsychological and Behavioral Disturbance Correlates of Unawareness of @entity2414 in XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the bacterial profile and the adequacy of antimicrobial treatment in pregnant @entity1 with @entity293 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study was conducted with 753 pregnant @entity1 who needed hospitalization because of UTI in each of the three trimesters. Midstream urine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity526 was the most frequently isolated bacterial agent (82.2%), followed by @entity4005 @entity5645 . (11.2%). In each of the three trimesters, @entity526 remained the most frequently isolated bacterium (86%, 82.2%, 79.5%, respectively), followed by @entity4005 @entity5645 . (9%, 11.6%, 12.2%, respectively). Enterococcus @entity5645 . were isolated as a third microbial agent, with 43 @entity1 (5.7%) in the three trimesters. The bacteria were found to be highly sensitive to @entity8912 , with 98-99% sensitivity for @entity526 and 88-89% for @entity4005 @entity5645 . and for Enterococcus @entity5645 . 93-100% @entity6616 sensitivity for each of the three trimesters. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity526 and @entity4005 @entity5645 . are the most common bacterial agents isolated from urine culture of pregnant @entity1 with UTI in each of the three trimesters. We consider @entity8912 to be the most adequate first-line treatment regimen due to high sensitivity to the drug, ease of use and safety for use in pregnancy

title: XXXX in pregnant population, which empirical antimicrobial agent should be specified in each of the three trimesters?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['Urinary tract infection']