abstract: UNASSIGNED: Affinity targeting is used to deliver nanoparticles to cells and tissues. For efficient targeting, it is critical to consider the expression and accessibility of the relevant receptors in the target cells. Here, we describe isotopically barcoded @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a tool for auditing affinity ligand receptors in cells. Tumor penetrating peptide RPARPAR (receptor: @entity12867 ) and @entity5 homing peptide GKRK (receptor: @entity21345 ) were used as affinity ligands on the AgNPs. The binding and uptake of the peptide-functionalized AgNPs by cultured @entity263 and M21 @entity320 cells was dependent on the cell surface expression of the cognate peptide receptors. Barcoded peptide-functionalized AgNPs were synthesized from @entity575 and @entity11720 isotopes. The cells were incubated with a cocktail of the barcoded nanoparticles [RPARPAR (R), GKRK (K), and control], and cellular binding and internalization of each type of nanoparticle was assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results of isotopic analysis were in agreement with data obtained using optical methods. Using ratiometric measurements, we were able to classify the PPC-1 cell line as mainly @entity12867 -positive, with 75    5% R-AgNP uptake, and the M21 cell line as only @entity21345 -positive, with 89    9% K-AgNP uptake. The isotopically barcoded multiplexed AgNPs are useful as an in vitro ratiometric phenotyping tool and have potential uses in functional evaluation of the expression of accessible homing peptide receptors in vivo.

title: Targeted XXXX nanoparticles for ratiometric cell phenotyping.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PPC-1 prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity11720 :: ('MESH:D010165', 'Chemical') :: ['palladium']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity11061 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity1718 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity1718 decrease the @entity460 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity460 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity165 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3952 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity165 and @entity3952 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the XXXX ( @entity11061 ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal @entity460 permeability.

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity11061 :: ('6763', 'Species') :: ['Callinectes sapidus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity11061 :: (6763,Species) :: ['blue crab']


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity11061 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity1718 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity1718 decrease the @entity460 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity460 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity165 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3952 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity165 and @entity3952 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the @entity11061 ( XXXX ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal @entity460 permeability.

answer: @entity11061 :: (6763,Species) :: ['Callinectes sapidus']


abstract: Crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. In order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). Replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. A candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. These cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. Changes in the lipid composition of hypodermal microvilli could modulate water and ion fluxes and enzyme activities during critical stages of the molt cycle; however, the lipid composition of these structures has not been assessed during the molt cycle. Data presented here show that phospholipids isolated from hypodermal microvilli of @entity11061 initially have elevated levels of n-6 @entity1718 that decline steadily beginning just after ecdysis. Experiments with liposomes reveal that n-6 @entity1718 decrease the @entity460 permeability of membranes, suggesting that the initially elevated levels in the cuticle may function to reduce @entity460 flux from the cuticle into the hypodermis. In addition, the ratio of @entity165 to phospholipid and the proportion of @entity3952 in membrane phospholipids are maximal at 6 h post-ecdysis. It is known that changes in @entity165 and @entity3952 content alter membrane permeability to water. It is, therefore possible that water flux through hypodermal membranes is also modulated in the early post-molt cuticle. Changes in microvillar lipid composition might serve importantly to control biomineralization in the post-ecdysal cuticle.

title: The lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the @entity11061 ( @entity11061 ) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal XXXX permeability.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity154 of the thumb, the metacarpophalangeal joint often undergoes radial deviation to compensate for a narrow first web space. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the thumb and index finger in @entity1 with @entity8482 ( @entity8482 ), by measuring the thumb-index angle on radiographs taken while the @entity1 held a @entity8886 foam cone. METHODS: Investigation was carried out on nine @entity1 (13 cases: four bilateral and five unilateral) with @entity8482 . The average @entity1 age was 4.4 years (range, 2.6-7.2 years). Overhead radiographs were obtained while the @entity1 held a @entity8886 foam cone. The radiographs were used to evaluate the apparent thumb-index web angle, the thumb to index finger metacarpal angle (1-2MCA), and the first metacarpophalangeal angle (1MPA). RESULTS: In the five unilateral cases, significant differences were seen on the affected versus unaffected sides in 1-2MCA and 1MPA. All 13 cases were treated surgically, and significant differences were observed between the groups before surgery and 2 years after surgery in the 1-2MCA and 1MPA. In addition, the mean postoperative 1MPA in the bilateral cases was significantly smaller compared with the unilateral cases. CONCLUSIONS: This radiographic technique enabled us to evaluate the severity of the thumb-index web-space narrowing and the radial instability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint in @entity1 with @entity8482 . The bilateral cases tended to show better rehabilitative improvement compared with the unilateral ones, probably because the latter @entity1 could use their unaffected hand.

title: Evaluation of the first web-space narrowing in XXXX with Z-deformity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita', 'AMC']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: For some small @entity5 electrofulguration can be an attractive alternative to more extensive surgical procedures. This report is a review of 49 @entity1 who, after careful selection, were considered ideal candidates for curative fulguration in the period 1959-1982. All had @entity420 and were clinically staged as Dukes' @entity5 . To put the results of this analysis into perspective, they are compared to the results of those @entity1 (34) who also had early clinical stage @entity420 , but for a variety of reasons underwent abdominoperineal excisions (APE, 11 @entity1 ) or low-anterior resections (LAR, 23 @entity1 ) instead of fulguration. @entity260 after fulguration were minimal, there were no postoperative deaths, and all @entity1 retained anal continence. After APE or LAR there were two postoperative deaths (one @entity583 , one @entity1756 ); postoperative morbidity was greater. All LAR-treated @entity1 remained continent. Of the @entity1 at risk 55% remained disease-free after fulguration, while 77% remained disease-free after APE or LAR (P = 0.023). This is due to a higher percentage of loco-regional recurrences occurring after fulguration than after APE or LAR (31% vs 9%, respectively, P = 0.021). The percentage of @entity1 with distant metastases in both groups are similar. It seems that electrofulguration of @entity5 , even in strictly selected @entity1 in a specialized institution, can lead to an unacceptably high percentage of @entity1 with loco-regional recurrences. Nearly all local failures occurred in @entity1 with @entity5 that measured more than 3 cm in diameter and/or occupied more than one-third of the rectal circumference. Salvage operations for loco-regional failure were performed in 13 @entity1 , 5 of whom are alive with no evidence of disease. Since there seems to be a direct relation between @entity5 size and the chance of loco-regional recurrence and since salvage operations for local failure are not uniformly successful, electrofulguration for cure must be reserved for the very rare @entity1 with a very small early-stage @entity5 .

title: Early-stage XXXX : electrofulguration in comparison to abdominoperineal extirpation or low-anterior resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'rectal cancers', 'A tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured iliac aneurysm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Thirty one (78%) of 40 consecutive @entity1 (aged 13-79, mean 44 years) with @entity884 had @entity712 at presentation. Twenty six (65%) had had @entity6331 and 17 (43%) @entity1 had prosthetic valves. Eight (20%) @entity1 had undergone dental procedures within three months of presentation. Blood cultures were positive in only 22 (55%) of the @entity1 . In nine (41%) of them streptococci of the viridans group were isolated and in seven (32%) @entity1 @entity884 was due to @entity794 . Eight @entity1 had @entity4002 . Sixteen @entity1 required operation because of @entity5122 while they were in hospital; 11 @entity1 had native valves and five had prosthetic valves. Seven had emergency operations and were pyrexial at that time. Four of the seven died in hospital. Of the 12 who were alive and well after surgery only two required further surgery two and three years after the initial operation. Twelve (30%) of the 40 @entity1 died in hospital; in 10 death was mainly due to @entity1002 or @entity712 . All @entity1 died who had @entity177 (four cases), @entity583 (two cases), complete @entity616 (one case), or @entity2224 (two cases) before operation. Six (33%) of the 18 @entity1 with @entity884 died. Two of the four @entity1 seen and treated more than 12 weeks after the onset of symptoms died, as did three of the five @entity1 with prosthetic valves who required surgery while in hospital. Three @entity1 with @entity16 survived and only two (29%) of the seven @entity1 with blood cultures that were positive for @entity794 died. Of these 40 high risk patients optimal antibiotic treatment and early surgery for haemodynamic difficulty ensured that 28 (70%) were discharged from hospital alive and well.

title: XXXX associated with @entity884 . A review of 40 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis', 'culture negative endocarditis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart failure']


abstract: Thirty one (78%) of 40 consecutive @entity1 (aged 13-79, mean 44 years) with @entity884 had @entity712 at presentation. Twenty six (65%) had had @entity6331 and 17 (43%) @entity1 had prosthetic valves. Eight (20%) @entity1 had undergone dental procedures within three months of presentation. Blood cultures were positive in only 22 (55%) of the @entity1 . In nine (41%) of them streptococci of the viridans group were isolated and in seven (32%) @entity1 @entity884 was due to @entity794 . Eight @entity1 had @entity4002 . Sixteen @entity1 required operation because of @entity5122 while they were in hospital; 11 @entity1 had native valves and five had prosthetic valves. Seven had emergency operations and were pyrexial at that time. Four of the seven died in hospital. Of the 12 who were alive and well after surgery only two required further surgery two and three years after the initial operation. Twelve (30%) of the 40 @entity1 died in hospital; in 10 death was mainly due to @entity1002 or @entity712 . All @entity1 died who had @entity177 (four cases), @entity583 (two cases), complete @entity616 (one case), or @entity2224 (two cases) before operation. Six (33%) of the 18 @entity1 with @entity884 died. Two of the four @entity1 seen and treated more than 12 weeks after the onset of symptoms died, as did three of the five @entity1 with prosthetic valves who required surgery while in hospital. Three @entity1 with @entity16 survived and only two (29%) of the seven @entity1 with blood cultures that were positive for @entity794 died. Of these 40 high risk patients optimal antibiotic treatment and early surgery for haemodynamic difficulty ensured that 28 (70%) were discharged from hospital alive and well.

title: @entity712 associated with XXXX . A review of 40 cases.

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: @entity455 involving @entity129 are reviewed in this study. These are indicated by the correspondence between groupings of clinical manifestations and anatomical vascular distributions. Confirmatory evidence is provided by mishaps, following diagnostic or therapeutic angiography. Three systems play a role in the vascularization of cranial nerves: the inferolateral trunk (ILT), most often arising from the internal carotid artery, the middle meningeal system (MMS), and the @entity262 ( @entity262 ); the latter two are both derived from the external carotid artery. Conclusions concerning the ILT are least definite because of variations in vascular territory and the lack of confirmation from embolic events in a vascular region that is rarely the site of embolization. The specific ILT territory includes @entity129 , VI and V1. Knowledge of the vascularization of nerve III may furnish explanations as to its different modes of @entity6 . For the MMS, the cranial nerves concerned are V2, V3 and VII. Two vascular territories for the intrapetrous portion of nerve VII are defined: the first (stylomastoid artery) is limited to nerve VII; the second (MMS) supplies VII and V. Two examples of involvement of VII and V following selective MMS embolization are presented. A study of @entity4401 associated with nerve @entity73 is summarized. The @entity262 supplies nerves IX, X, XI and XII; XI has a dual vascularization which explains why it can either be spared (as was the case in an angiographic accident) or involved (as in a case of @entity4091 ). A vascular mechanism should be considered when @entity129 occur in the syndromes described here.

title: XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['combinations of cranial nerves', 'cranial nerve III and also nerves IV', 'cranial nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Topographical vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['involvement in diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['V impairment']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'ascending pharyngeal system']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['Cranial nerve ischaemic arterial syndromes']


abstract: A new @entity3986 , @entity3986 , is described, based on observations on 17 cases (8 males and 9 females) in 8 families, including an autopsied case. The disease developed in young adults. Muscle weakness and @entity194 were most marked in the distal parts of the legs, especially in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and then spread to the thighs and gluteal muscles. Early impairment of standing on tip-toe with retention of the ability to stand on the heels was conspicuous. Difficulty in climbing stairs, standing up and walking subsequently appeared, but rarely progressed to confinement to bed. The forearms became mildly @entity3202 , with decrease in grip strength, but the small hand muscles were spared. The EMG showed @entity121 and nerve conduction was normal. Serum @entity908 kinase activity was characteristically increased up to 100-fold in the early stages of the disease. It was also markedly increased in subjects in the preclinical stage and mildly in some heterozygotes. Muscle biopsies revealed @entity121 with severe segmental @entity39 accompanied by regeneration. The changes were similar to those of @entity1555 . An autopsied case, aged 68 years, showed generalized @entity121 with a distal predominance. The muscles in the lower legs, especially those of the @entity291 , were severely affected. No lesions were found in the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

title: XXXX as a new @entity3986 . Seventeen cases in eight families including an autopsied case.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophy', 'type of progressive muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic changes', 'muscle abnormalities']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Autosomal recessive distal muscular dystrophy']


abstract: A new @entity3986 , @entity3986 , is described, based on observations on 17 cases (8 males and 9 females) in 8 families, including an autopsied case. The disease developed in young adults. Muscle weakness and @entity194 were most marked in the distal parts of the legs, especially in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and then spread to the thighs and gluteal muscles. Early impairment of standing on tip-toe with retention of the ability to stand on the heels was conspicuous. Difficulty in climbing stairs, standing up and walking subsequently appeared, but rarely progressed to confinement to bed. The forearms became mildly @entity3202 , with decrease in grip strength, but the small hand muscles were spared. The EMG showed @entity121 and nerve conduction was normal. Serum @entity908 kinase activity was characteristically increased up to 100-fold in the early stages of the disease. It was also markedly increased in subjects in the preclinical stage and mildly in some heterozygotes. Muscle biopsies revealed @entity121 with severe segmental @entity39 accompanied by regeneration. The changes were similar to those of @entity1555 . An autopsied case, aged 68 years, showed generalized @entity121 with a distal predominance. The muscles in the lower legs, especially those of the @entity291 , were severely affected. No lesions were found in the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves.

title: @entity3986 as a new XXXX . Seventeen cases in eight families including an autopsied case.

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['type of progressive muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Between April 1971 and January 1985, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Division of Surgical Oncology has seen 649 @entity1 diagnosed with thin primary @entity320 , as defined by a Clark level less than IV and Breslow depth less than 0.76 mm. Thirty-six @entity1 , whose primary diagnosis was confirmed by UCLA pathologists, presented with or subsequently developed @entity320 @entity3 . Twenty-four (67%) had Clark level II lesions, whereas the remaining 12 (33%) had Clark level III lesions. @entity3 were noted more frequently in @entity1 than in @entity1 , with a @entity1 -to- @entity1 ratio of 3 to 2. The site of the @entity75 in this group was most frequently on the trunk (16 of 36 cases, 44%), followed by the head and neck (9 of 36 cases, 25%) and arm and shoulder (7 of 36 cases, 19%). Metastasizing thin lesions were least likely to occur on the leg and hip (4 of 36 cases, 11%). Twenty of these lesions were recently reexamined, and 17 of 20 cases (85%) demonstrated evidence of regression. Twenty-eight @entity1 (78%) had their first @entity3 to regional lymph nodes. Fifteen remained alive with no evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 99 months. Twenty @entity1 died from systemic @entity3 , and one @entity1 was alive with brain metastasis at the time of this article. Although infrequent, @entity3 from thin @entity320 do occur, suggesting the need for careful long-term follow-up and immediate investigation of adenopathy even in low-risk @entity1 .

title: Recurrence potential of thin primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ), aged 6 weeks to 3 years, were treated with @entity2879 . The drug dosage ranged from 100 to 200 mg/m2 administered biweekly until remission was achieved, and then at 1- to 3-week intervals as maintenance therapy. Intrathecal @entity1499 was given to two @entity1 with central nervous system involvement. All @entity1 attained remission. Systemic relapses often ensued in all @entity1 when @entity2879 was delayed because of myelosuppression, or after attempts to lengthen the treatment interval, but they initially responded again to a more intensive chemotherapy schedule. To date, four of the @entity1 died from disseminated disease and @entity281 15 to 20 months from the time of diagnosis. One @entity1 is alive and well 20 months from diagnosis. Three of the dead @entity1 had become refractory to the drug. Our observations show that @entity2879 induces remissions and prolongs survival in @entity9058 . However, since the @entity1 eventually become refractory to the drug and die of the disease, additional forms of therapy are required to improve the outlook of affected @entity1 .

title: Use of XXXX in the treatment of @entity9058 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['FEL', 'familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['terminal infections']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['VP-16-213']


abstract: Five @entity1 with @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ), aged 6 weeks to 3 years, were treated with @entity2879 . The drug dosage ranged from 100 to 200 mg/m2 administered biweekly until remission was achieved, and then at 1- to 3-week intervals as maintenance therapy. Intrathecal @entity1499 was given to two @entity1 with central nervous system involvement. All @entity1 attained remission. Systemic relapses often ensued in all @entity1 when @entity2879 was delayed because of myelosuppression, or after attempts to lengthen the treatment interval, but they initially responded again to a more intensive chemotherapy schedule. To date, four of the @entity1 died from disseminated disease and @entity281 15 to 20 months from the time of diagnosis. One @entity1 is alive and well 20 months from diagnosis. Three of the dead @entity1 had become refractory to the drug. Our observations show that @entity2879 induces remissions and prolongs survival in @entity9058 . However, since the @entity1 eventually become refractory to the drug and die of the disease, additional forms of therapy are required to improve the outlook of affected @entity1 .

title: Use of @entity2879 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: In a series of 704 @entity439 @entity1 who were admitted to the Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA during the last 9.5 years (from October, 1974 to March, 1983), angiographic features of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system and related @entity455 were analyzed with reference to the site of @entity439 . The age distribution was from 20 to 78 years (mean age 53 years) and the @entity1 to @entity1 ratio was 1:1.1. The total number of the @entity439 was 866. The site distribution of @entity439 consisted of 230 (27%) anterior communicating, 269 (31%) middle cerebral, 282 (38%) internal carotid, 54 (6%) anterior cerebral, 45 (5%) vertebrobasilar and 6 other arteries. More than one @entity439 were found out in 137 cases. The total number of performed cerebral angiograms was 1840, in which right carotid arterial angiograms were 652, left carotid 644 and vertebral 544. Angiographic features of the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom) with or without internal carotid-Pcom @entity439 were compared one side with the other, statistically revealing that the morphological factor of the Pcom did not play an important role in the development of the @entity438 at this portion. Anomalies of the posterior cerebral artery directly originated from the internal carotid artery were found in 9 cases, and three of them had the @entity439 at their origin. Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomoses were seen in 7 cases, namely 6 persistent primitive trigeminal arteries (2 of them were @entity865 variants) and one persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Angiographic analysis of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system with @entity438 --with special interest in the morphological aspect including so-called XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: In a series of 704 @entity439 @entity1 who were admitted to the Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA during the last 9.5 years (from October, 1974 to March, 1983), angiographic features of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system and related @entity455 were analyzed with reference to the site of @entity439 . The age distribution was from 20 to 78 years (mean age 53 years) and the @entity1 to @entity1 ratio was 1:1.1. The total number of the @entity439 was 866. The site distribution of @entity439 consisted of 230 (27%) anterior communicating, 269 (31%) middle cerebral, 282 (38%) internal carotid, 54 (6%) anterior cerebral, 45 (5%) vertebrobasilar and 6 other arteries. More than one @entity439 were found out in 137 cases. The total number of performed cerebral angiograms was 1840, in which right carotid arterial angiograms were 652, left carotid 644 and vertebral 544. Angiographic features of the posterior communicating arteries (Pcom) with or without internal carotid-Pcom @entity439 were compared one side with the other, statistically revealing that the morphological factor of the Pcom did not play an important role in the development of the @entity438 at this portion. Anomalies of the posterior cerebral artery directly originated from the internal carotid artery were found in 9 cases, and three of them had the @entity439 at their origin. Anomalous carotid-basilar anastomoses were seen in 7 cases, namely 6 persistent primitive trigeminal arteries (2 of them were @entity865 variants) and one persistent primitive hypoglossal artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Angiographic analysis of the internal carotid-vertebrobasilar system with XXXX --with special interest in the morphological aspect including so-called @entity455 ].

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: A long-term result after total removal of a @entity438 in early infancy is reported. The @entity1 was a 5-month-old @entity1 with @entity391 , @entity410 and right @entity1269 occurring acutely and shortly before admission. Plain skull films, In-113m brain scintiscanning and carotid angiography revealed a @entity5 located widely over both frontal lobes. At operation, the @entity5 , originated from the base of the anterior half of the cranial cavity. A mature @entity44 weighing 320 grams was totally removed without sacrificing the adjacent brain and vessels. Both cerebral hemispheres were found severely compressed by the @entity5 . Postoperative respiratory and @entity410 were well controlled. The @entity1 was discharged in the third month after operation. At present, 13 years after operation, he is developing normally for his age. In the junior high school, he studies and plays sports with no handicap. Computed tomography reveals no recurrence of the @entity5 . EEG shows reactive pattern of activity and small, but rare spikes in the frontal area. And his pituitary function is revealed to be normal.

title: [A case of XXXX in early infancy. A 13 years' follow-up study after operation].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant intracranial teratoma']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant intracranial teratoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This is the first report to evaluate changes in nasal resistance in a preclinical animal model using the forced oscillation method. METHODS: The method involves characterizing pressure-flow relationships of the respiratory system due to external oscillatory forces. RESULTS: First, we evaluated changes in nasal resistance using an established small-animal rhinometric technique. In these studies, aerosolized ovalbumin (3%) administered to the nasal cavity of ovalbumin-sensitized @entity840 increased nasal resistance at 30 min by 99 +/- 14%. The @entity112 H1 antagonists, @entity17567 (1 mg/kg i.v.) and @entity8765 (1 mg/kg i.v.), blocked the increase in nasal resistance due to ovalbumin provocation (50 +/- 17% and 39 +/- 11% over baseline, respectively). The alpha-adrenergic agonist @entity8403 (3 mg/ kg i.v.) had no effect on the nasal actions of ovalbumin. In separate studies, nasal resistance was measured at 2 Hz by forced oscillation and ovalbumin (3%) increased nasal resistance by 91 +/- 14%. @entity17567 (1 mg/kg i.v.) significantly attenuated the increase in nasal resistance due to ovalbumin. Finally, changes in nasal resistance for each treatment group were evaluated at frequencies of 1 - 18 Hz. Area under the curve analysis demonstrated that @entity17567 blocked the nasal obstructive effect of ovalbumin. In contrast, a pharmacologically active dose of @entity8403 (3 mg/kg i.v.) did not produce decongestant activity. DISCUSSION: The current data are inconsistent with the well-established clinical efficacy of alpha-adrenergic agonists as nasal decongestants. Consequently, we suggest that allergic nasal obstruction in the @entity840 may not be the best preclinical approach to assess the nasal decongestant activity of vasoconstrictor alpha-adrenergic agonists. Additionally, our studies demonstrate the utility of the forced oscillation technique in assessing changes in nasal resistance in small laboratory animals.

title: Characterization of nasal obstruction in the allergic XXXX using the forced oscillation method.

entities_list: @entity8403 :: ('MESH:D010665', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanolamine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrilamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpheniramine', 'chlorpheniramine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in diagnosing @entity1592 ( @entity1592 , birth weight < 10% for gestational age) in @entity1 with chronic @entity101 . METHODS: All pregnant @entity1 with @entity101 delivered during a 5-year period at three centers were identified retrospectively. @entity1 with gestational @entity101 , @entity1468 , @entity6 , @entity2241 and absence of a sonographic examination within 3 weeks of delivery were excluded. Likelihood ratio (LR) and guidelines established by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group were used to determine whether sonographic EFW is a reliable diagnostic test to detect @entity1592 . RESULTS: At the three centers, there were 264 @entity1 with chronic @entity101 (122, 77 and 65 at centers I, II and III, respectively). The incidence of @entity1592 ranged from 13% to 27% but was similar at the three locations (p = 0.064). The LR (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of detecting @entity1592 was 4.4 (95% CI 2.5, 7.7), 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.7) and 6.1 (95% CI 2.7, 13.7) at centers I, II and III, respectively. Based on the proportions of abnormal growth, we required 253 and 71 newborns with fetal growth restriction at centers I and II, respectively, to have narrow confidence intervals around the clinically important LR of 10. The extremely low incidence of @entity1592 at center III (13%) precluded the estimation of required sample size. CONCLUSION: Use of Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group guidelines indicates that sonographic EFW is slightly to moderately useful in detecting fetal growth restriction in @entity1 with chronic @entity101 .

title: Detection of fetal growth restriction in @entity1 with chronic XXXX : is it feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomalies']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) in diagnosing @entity1592 ( @entity1592 , birth weight < 10% for gestational age) in @entity1 with chronic @entity101 . METHODS: All pregnant @entity1 with @entity101 delivered during a 5-year period at three centers were identified retrospectively. @entity1 with gestational @entity101 , @entity1468 , @entity6 , @entity2241 and absence of a sonographic examination within 3 weeks of delivery were excluded. Likelihood ratio (LR) and guidelines established by the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group were used to determine whether sonographic EFW is a reliable diagnostic test to detect @entity1592 . RESULTS: At the three centers, there were 264 @entity1 with chronic @entity101 (122, 77 and 65 at centers I, II and III, respectively). The incidence of @entity1592 ranged from 13% to 27% but was similar at the three locations (p = 0.064). The LR (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) of detecting @entity1592 was 4.4 (95% CI 2.5, 7.7), 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 3.7) and 6.1 (95% CI 2.7, 13.7) at centers I, II and III, respectively. Based on the proportions of abnormal growth, we required 253 and 71 newborns with fetal growth restriction at centers I and II, respectively, to have narrow confidence intervals around the clinically important LR of 10. The extremely low incidence of @entity1592 at center III (13%) precluded the estimation of required sample size. CONCLUSION: Use of Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group guidelines indicates that sonographic EFW is slightly to moderately useful in detecting fetal growth restriction in @entity1 with chronic @entity101 .

title: Detection of fetal growth restriction in XXXX with chronic @entity101 : is it feasible?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to show the number of cases in which the use of fusion-guided ultrasonography (US) provided conclusive diagnosis of lesions in the liver seen on CT or MRI or PET/CT. @entity75 is defined as a region that has @entity16 due to @entity66 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 of whom 34 had confirmed @entity5 , referred to US evaluation or US-guided biopsy of @entity409 seen on CT (n = 35), MRI (n = 2) or PET/CT (n = 3), were prospectively included in the study. We used a LOGIQ prototype system with incorporated software for fusion imaging, and a convex-array 4 MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, UK). All @entity1 were initially examined with B-mode US, then by fusion-guided US and for some @entity1 also with CEUS. All @entity1 received follow-up after at least one year. RESULTS: Twenty-six lesions were initially indistinguishable with US. Of these, 9 became visible with fusion-guided US and another 4 became visible with CEUS, which facilitated a final diagnosis in 11 of these 13 @entity1 . The median @entity5 size for all lesions included in the study was 1.5 cm (interquartile range: 1.0 - 2.4). There was no statistically significant difference in @entity5 size between the groups. CONCLUSION: We have successfully demonstrated an increase in the characterization of @entity409 by using fusion-guided US compared with conventional B-mode US.

title: Characterization by biopsy or CEUS of XXXX guided by image fusion between ultrasonography and CT, PET/CT or MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury or disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['A lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['suffered damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3359 caused by @entity14291 or duct stricture is one of the more common causes of non-infectious unilateral facial selling. @entity1462 of the head and neck are less common but may present with intermittent @entity4 . Phleboliths can be found in venous malformations of nearly all adult @entity1 and are a key diagnostic imaging finding. The clinical and radiographic appearance of phleboliths may resemble @entity14291 , making the diagnosis more difficult. We present a case of intermittent unilateral @entity4 cause by a @entity1211 involving the buccal space where the phleboliths were initially misdiagnosed as @entity14291 . STUDY DESIGN: Illustrative case report and literature review. METHODS: A 48 year-old @entity1 presented to our office with 9 months of intermittent left @entity4 . On bimanual examination, multiple small firm nodules were palpated in the left cheek. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated multiple oval-shaped radiopaque lesions in the buccal space, initially interpreted as sialoliths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of @entity1211 with phleboliths. Sialendoscopy revealed a normal appearing parotid duct system without stricture or @entity14291 . Ultrasound revealed a buccal space @entity455 surrounding the distal Stensen's duct. RESULTS: Currently, the @entity1 is being observed and is clinically stable. Illustrative CT scan and MRI images are presented. A literature review shows that @entity1462 mimicking @entity3359 are rare. CONCLUSIONS: While unilateral @entity4 is commonly due to parotid sialoliths or parotid duct stenosis, other less common causes including @entity1462 should be considered. Phleboliths and sialoliths may appear similar on ono-contrast CT scan. Ultrasound, MRI, and sialendoscopy may be helpful in determining the etiology.

title: @entity1462 masquerading as XXXX and parotid obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity14291 :: ('MESH:D015494', 'Disease') :: ['parotid sialolithiasis', 'sialolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['Salivary gland obstruction', 'salivary gland obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'Vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity14291 :: (MESH:D015494,Disease) :: ['sialolithiasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3359 caused by @entity14291 or duct stricture is one of the more common causes of non-infectious unilateral facial selling. @entity1462 of the head and neck are less common but may present with intermittent @entity4 . Phleboliths can be found in venous malformations of nearly all adult @entity1 and are a key diagnostic imaging finding. The clinical and radiographic appearance of phleboliths may resemble @entity14291 , making the diagnosis more difficult. We present a case of intermittent unilateral @entity4 cause by a @entity1211 involving the buccal space where the phleboliths were initially misdiagnosed as @entity14291 . STUDY DESIGN: Illustrative case report and literature review. METHODS: A 48 year-old @entity1 presented to our office with 9 months of intermittent left @entity4 . On bimanual examination, multiple small firm nodules were palpated in the left cheek. A computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated multiple oval-shaped radiopaque lesions in the buccal space, initially interpreted as sialoliths. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, confirming the diagnosis of @entity1211 with phleboliths. Sialendoscopy revealed a normal appearing parotid duct system without stricture or @entity14291 . Ultrasound revealed a buccal space @entity455 surrounding the distal Stensen's duct. RESULTS: Currently, the @entity1 is being observed and is clinically stable. Illustrative CT scan and MRI images are presented. A literature review shows that @entity1462 mimicking @entity3359 are rare. CONCLUSIONS: While unilateral @entity4 is commonly due to parotid sialoliths or parotid duct stenosis, other less common causes including @entity1462 should be considered. Phleboliths and sialoliths may appear similar on ono-contrast CT scan. Ultrasound, MRI, and sialendoscopy may be helpful in determining the etiology.

title: XXXX masquerading as @entity14291 and parotid obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['Vascular malformation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity1420 promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity12386 activation in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['primary brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity1420 promotes cell migration, invasion and XXXX activation in @entity1 @entity816 cells.

answer: @entity12386 :: (1072,Gene) :: ['cofilin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: XXXX promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity12386 activation in @entity1 @entity816 cells.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity1420 promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity12386 activation in XXXX @entity816 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergoids are widely used in @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) for the treatment of @entity56 , but all techniques for standardization of conventional allergic extracts may not be appropriate for standardization of a @entity3584 (GA)-modified extract because of the unique characteristics of these extracts. OBJECTIVE: To assess an accurate methodology for standardization of chemically modified extracts. METHODS: GA-modified extracts from Parietaria judaica pollen were purified by diafiltration. Biochemical properties were investigated by determination of @entity1472 groups, chromatography, and @entity214 -PAGE. The IgE-binding activity was determined by skin prick test, enzyme allergosorbent test inhibition, basophil activation, and @entity112 release tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from P. judaica pollen-allergic subjects were stimulated with either native or allergoid extracts, and proliferation was measured. RESULTS: Biochemical data indicated a high degree of allergen polymerization resulting in extract components higher than 100 kDa. IgE-binding activity, both in vivo and in vitro, was reduced by more than 99.8%. Both allergen and allergoid induced PBMC proliferation and synthesis of blocking IgG antibodies at similar rates. Moreover, no evidence of introduction of new determinants by chemical modification was found. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of GA-modified extracts by diafiltration is faster and more reliable than previous chromatographic methods. These modified extracts have drastically reduced their allergenicity while maintaining their immunogenicity, and therefore they can be used in safer and shortened schedules of @entity6542 .

title: Biological characterization of XXXX -modified Parietaria judaica pollen extracts.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['IgE-mediated allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutaraldehyde']


abstract: Incidence and significance of @entity2294 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have not been established. To evaluate these issues, we studied prospectively 138 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 . An echocardiogram was obtained in each 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months after admission. Fifty four @entity1 with @entity1459 and 57 without @entity299 were studied as controls. Echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of @entity2294 were established from 33 additional @entity1 undergoing surgery. @entity2294 was found in 28% of @entity1 with @entity583 . Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity583 had @entity2294 on the third day, vs 8% of @entity1 with @entity1459 (p less than .02) and 5% of @entity1 without @entity299 (p less than .01). At 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months prevalence of @entity2294 was 17%, 25%, 21%, 11%, and 8%, respectively. There was no case of tamponade. @entity2294 was more common in anterior @entity583 (p less than .02) and in @entity1 with @entity712 (p less than .05) but it was not significantly associated with @entity2396 , peak @entity908 kinase-MB, the level of anticoagulation, or mortality. Thus, @entity2294 is a common event in @entity1 with @entity583 (incidence of 28%), but does not result in specific complications. The reabsorption rate of @entity2294 is slow and, in our experience, mild or moderate @entity2294 does not preclude heparin therapy.

title: XXXX in the course of @entity583 : incidence, natural history, and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion', 'Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['early pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['Pericardial effusion']


abstract: Incidence and significance of @entity2294 in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have not been established. To evaluate these issues, we studied prospectively 138 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 . An echocardiogram was obtained in each 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months after admission. Fifty four @entity1 with @entity1459 and 57 without @entity299 were studied as controls. Echocardiographic diagnostic criteria of @entity2294 were established from 33 additional @entity1 undergoing surgery. @entity2294 was found in 28% of @entity1 with @entity583 . Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity583 had @entity2294 on the third day, vs 8% of @entity1 with @entity1459 (p less than .02) and 5% of @entity1 without @entity299 (p less than .01). At 1, 3, and 10 days and 3 and 6 months prevalence of @entity2294 was 17%, 25%, 21%, 11%, and 8%, respectively. There was no case of tamponade. @entity2294 was more common in anterior @entity583 (p less than .02) and in @entity1 with @entity712 (p less than .05) but it was not significantly associated with @entity2396 , peak @entity908 kinase-MB, the level of anticoagulation, or mortality. Thus, @entity2294 is a common event in @entity1 with @entity583 (incidence of 28%), but does not result in specific complications. The reabsorption rate of @entity2294 is slow and, in our experience, mild or moderate @entity2294 does not preclude heparin therapy.

title: @entity2294 in the course of XXXX : incidence, natural history, and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Information on total and free serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the adult and fetal @entity840 ( @entity840 ) is limited. These variables were studied in adult male and female @entity840 and in pregnant @entity840 and their fetuses at various times during gestation. Total serum T4 levels in adult males, nonpregnant females, and pregnant females did not differ significantly [range, 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD)]. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the percent free T4 (0.046-0.068%), free T4 (1.26-2.03 ng/dl), total @entity3938 (39-44 ng/dl), the percent free @entity3938 (0.521-0.638%), and free @entity3938 (0.221-0.260 ng/dl) among adult males, nonpregnant females, and pregnant females. @entity3938 was undetectable in adult male, nonpregnant female, and pregnant female guinea pig serum. T4 values were similar and those for @entity3938 were lower in fetal compared to maternal serum at 45 days of gestation, whereas serum @entity3938 was detectable in fetal serum. Between 45 and 62 days of gestation, fetal serum T4 increased from 2.5 to 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 1.3 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.01), fetal serum @entity3938 remained unchanged, and fetal serum @entity3938 increased from 5.2 +/- 3.3 to 25.0 +/- 11.4 ng/dl (P less than 0.01). Near term, fetal serum total and free T4 and total @entity3938 concentrations were significantly higher and total and free @entity3938 concentrations were significantly lower than the corresponding values in maternal serum. Total serum T4 is higher in the @entity840 than in the @entity95 , is similar to values in the @entity35 , and is lower than values in @entity1 . The free T4 concentration in guinea pig serum is similar to those in @entity1 and @entity35 . The ontogenesis of thyroid hormones differs strikingly in the @entity840 fetus compared to that in the @entity35 fetus and shares many similarities with @entity742 and @entity1 fetal thyroid development.

title: Total and free serum thyroid hormone concentrations in fetal and adult pregnant and nonpregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'Cavia porcellus', 'guinea pig']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Every year, 2  9 million newborn babies die worldwide. A meta-analysis of four cluster-randomised controlled trials estimated that home visits by trained community members in programme settings in Ghana and south Asia reduced neonatal mortality by 12% (95% CI 5-18). We aimed to estimate the costs and @entity21130 in a programme setting. METHODS: We prospectively collected detailed cost data alongside the Newhints trial, which tested the effect of a home-visits intervention in seven districts in rural Ghana and showed a reduction of 8% (95% CI -12 to 25%) in neonatal mortality. The intervention consisted of a package of home visits to pregnant @entity1 and their babies in the first week of life by community-based surveillance volunteers. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with Monte Carlo simulation and one-way sensitivity analyses and characterised uncertainty with cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. We then modelled the potential cost-effectiveness for baseline neonatal mortality rates of 20-60 @entity204 per 1000 livebirths with use of a meta-analysis of effectiveness estimates. FINDINGS: In the 49 zones randomly allocated to receive the Newhints intervention, a mean of 407 (SD 18) community-based surveillance volunteers undertook home visits for 7848 pregnant @entity1 who gave birth to 7786 live babies in 2009. Annual economic cost of implementation was US 203   998, or  0  53 per @entity1 . In the base-case analysis, the Newhints intervention cost a mean of  10   343 (95% CI 2963 to -7674) per newborn life saved, or  352 (95% CI 104 to -268) per discounted life-year saved, and had a 72% chance of being highly cost effective with respect to Ghana's 2009 gross domestic product per @entity1 . Key determinants of cost-effectiveness were the discount rate, protective effectiveness, baseline neonatal mortality rate, and implementation costs. In the scenarios modelled with the meta-analysis results, the @entity10679 increased from  127 per life-year saved at a neonatal mortality rate of 60 @entity204 per 1000 livebirths, to  379 per life-year saved at a rate of 20 @entity204 per 1000 livebirths. The strategy had at least a 99% probability of being highly cost effective for lower-middle-income countries in all neonatal mortality rate scenarios modelled, and at least a 95% probability of being highly cost effective for low-income countries at neonatal mortality rates of 30 or more @entity204 per 1000 livebirths. INTERPRETATION: Our findings show that the seemingly modest mortality reductions achieved by a newborn home-visit strategy might in fact be cost effective. In Ghana, such strategies are also likely to be affordable. Our findings support recommendations from WHO and UNICEF that @entity258 . FUNDING: The Bill _ Melinda Gates Foundation, UK Department for International Development, WHO.

title: Cost and XXXX : findings from the Newhints cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity21130 :: ('MESH:D006475', 'Disease') :: ['cost-effectiveness of newborn home visits']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income and middle-income countries implement newborn home visits']

answer: @entity21130 :: (MESH:D006475,Disease) :: ['cost-effectiveness of newborn home visits']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiovascular (CV)-related hospitalization has been used as a surrogate endpoint for mortality in recent treatment studies on @entity955 ( @entity955 ), but our understanding of the relationship between CV-related hospitalization and @entity204 is incomplete. We aimed to investigate whether CV-related hospitalization is an independent risk factor and suitable as a surrogate endpoint for @entity204 in clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity955 . METHOD AND RESULTS: All 2912 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity955 in 2002 at one of Sweden's largest hospitals were studied for 6.5 years using information about medication from the local medical records. In a sub-study of the last 2.5 years of the study period, we used detailed information about medication from the new National Prescription Register. Information about diagnoses, hospitalizations, and deaths was obtained from national registries. @entity1 who were re-admitted to hospital with a CV diagnosis within the first 3 months had higher mortality than those who were not (15.6 vs. 9.3 deaths per 100 @entity1 -years at risk, P < 0.0001). Those who spent >2% of their time-at-risk in hospital with a CV diagnosis had higher mortality than those who had spent less time in hospital (36.0 vs. 8.2 deaths per 100 @entity1 years, P < 0.0001). After adjustment for co-factors, mortality was still higher for @entity1 who had been re-hospitalized for CV disease within 3 months than for those who had not [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.57]. When analyses were performed on @entity1 who had survived for 3 years since inclusion, and with the use of detailed information about the exposure to medication, the association between CV-related hospitalization and @entity204 was highly significant (HR 2.69, CI 1.96-3.68). These results were virtually unchanged after propensity score matching, which was done in order to adjust further for residual unidentified confounding. CONCLUSION: CV-related hospitalization is a marker for @entity1 who are at increased risk of @entity204 , and may be used as a valid surrogate endpoint in studies of @entity955 .

title: Cardiovascular hospitalization as a surrogate endpoint for mortality in studies of @entity955 : report from the Stockholm Cohort Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiovascular (CV)-related hospitalization has been used as a surrogate endpoint for mortality in recent treatment studies on @entity955 ( @entity955 ), but our understanding of the relationship between CV-related hospitalization and @entity204 is incomplete. We aimed to investigate whether CV-related hospitalization is an independent risk factor and suitable as a surrogate endpoint for @entity204 in clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity955 . METHOD AND RESULTS: All 2912 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity955 in 2002 at one of Sweden's largest hospitals were studied for 6.5 years using information about medication from the local medical records. In a sub-study of the last 2.5 years of the study period, we used detailed information about medication from the new National Prescription Register. Information about diagnoses, hospitalizations, and deaths was obtained from national registries. @entity1 who were re-admitted to hospital with a CV diagnosis within the first 3 months had higher mortality than those who were not (15.6 vs. 9.3 deaths per 100 @entity1 -years at risk, P < 0.0001). Those who spent >2% of their time-at-risk in hospital with a CV diagnosis had higher mortality than those who had spent less time in hospital (36.0 vs. 8.2 deaths per 100 @entity1 years, P < 0.0001). After adjustment for co-factors, mortality was still higher for @entity1 who had been re-hospitalized for CV disease within 3 months than for those who had not [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.57]. When analyses were performed on @entity1 who had survived for 3 years since inclusion, and with the use of detailed information about the exposure to medication, the association between CV-related hospitalization and @entity204 was highly significant (HR 2.69, CI 1.96-3.68). These results were virtually unchanged after propensity score matching, which was done in order to adjust further for residual unidentified confounding. CONCLUSION: CV-related hospitalization is a marker for @entity1 who are at increased risk of @entity204 , and may be used as a valid surrogate endpoint in studies of @entity955 .

title: Cardiovascular hospitalization as a surrogate endpoint for mortality in studies of XXXX : report from the Stockholm Cohort Study of @entity955 .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Acute @entity8174 is highly uncommon in neonates. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. @entity2700 and prematurity are important predisposing factors. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs. White blood cell count and parotid ultrasonography are useful. The most commonly isolated causative organism is @entity794 . Initial treatment consists of antistaphylococcal empiric antimicrobial therapy for 7-10 days. The prognosis is good. The illness is not usually associated with recurrences. We describe two 12-day-old newborn @entity1 who presented with fever, unilateral swelling of the parotid region with erythema, warmness and @entity158 , and purulent discharge from Stensen's duct. We also provide a literature review.

title: [Neonatal acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative parotitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['suppurative parotitis']


abstract: The influence of pretreatment with @entity3102 [cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) + @entity38471 ( @entity38471 ) inhibitor], @entity28469 (selective @entity38471 inhibitor) and @entity1215 (CYP3A + @entity38471 inducer) on oral @entity1286 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was investigated in experimental @entity235 . Seven beagles were used in a four-way crossover design. @entity33483 was administered orally (2.5 mg/kg) alone (control group CON) or after pretreatment with @entity3102 (group KETO), @entity28469 (group ELA) or @entity1215 (group RIF). @entity1286 plasma concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sedation scores (none, mild, moderate or severe) were evaluated subjectively. @entity235 were significantly (P < 0.05) more sedated after @entity3102 pretreatment. There were no significant differences between group CON and the other pretreatment groups in pharmacokinetic parameters taking both sexes into account. Sex differences were apparent in some pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1286 . The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-   ) ) was significantly higher, and the total body clearance was significantly lower in male compared to female @entity235 in all treatment groups. @entity3102 , @entity1215 and @entity28469 pretreatment had no significant effects on @entity1286 pharmacokinetics, although @entity235 in the @entity3102 group showed higher sedation scores.

title: The influence of modulation of XXXX and/or cytochrome P450 3A on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered @entity1286 in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity28469 :: ('MESH:C083501', 'Chemical') :: ['elacridar']

answer: @entity38471 :: (610926(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: The influence of pretreatment with @entity3102 [cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) + @entity38471 ( @entity38471 ) inhibitor], @entity28469 (selective @entity38471 inhibitor) and @entity1215 (CYP3A + @entity38471 inducer) on oral @entity1286 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was investigated in experimental @entity235 . Seven beagles were used in a four-way crossover design. @entity33483 was administered orally (2.5 mg/kg) alone (control group CON) or after pretreatment with @entity3102 (group KETO), @entity28469 (group ELA) or @entity1215 (group RIF). @entity1286 plasma concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sedation scores (none, mild, moderate or severe) were evaluated subjectively. @entity235 were significantly (P < 0.05) more sedated after @entity3102 pretreatment. There were no significant differences between group CON and the other pretreatment groups in pharmacokinetic parameters taking both sexes into account. Sex differences were apparent in some pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1286 . The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-   ) ) was significantly higher, and the total body clearance was significantly lower in male compared to female @entity235 in all treatment groups. @entity3102 , @entity1215 and @entity28469 pretreatment had no significant effects on @entity1286 pharmacokinetics, although @entity235 in the @entity3102 group showed higher sedation scores.

title: The influence of modulation of @entity38471 and/or cytochrome P450 3A on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered XXXX in @entity235 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The influence of pretreatment with @entity3102 [cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) + @entity38471 ( @entity38471 ) inhibitor], @entity28469 (selective @entity38471 inhibitor) and @entity1215 (CYP3A + @entity38471 inducer) on oral @entity1286 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was investigated in experimental @entity235 . Seven beagles were used in a four-way crossover design. @entity33483 was administered orally (2.5 mg/kg) alone (control group CON) or after pretreatment with @entity3102 (group KETO), @entity28469 (group ELA) or @entity1215 (group RIF). @entity1286 plasma concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sedation scores (none, mild, moderate or severe) were evaluated subjectively. @entity235 were significantly (P < 0.05) more sedated after @entity3102 pretreatment. There were no significant differences between group CON and the other pretreatment groups in pharmacokinetic parameters taking both sexes into account. Sex differences were apparent in some pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1286 . The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-   ) ) was significantly higher, and the total body clearance was significantly lower in male compared to female @entity235 in all treatment groups. @entity3102 , @entity1215 and @entity28469 pretreatment had no significant effects on @entity1286 pharmacokinetics, although @entity235 in the @entity3102 group showed higher sedation scores.

title: The influence of modulation of @entity38471 and/or cytochrome P450 3A on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered @entity1286 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloids and @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) affect 4.5-16% of the population. Thus far, the different approaches of keloid treatment are not very efficient, with a 50% relapse rate and many ongoing researches are looking for simple, safe and more efficient therapeutic methods. @entity1140 is an immunomodulator that could be useful in treating keloid. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity1140 in inhibiting @entity2805 formation on @entity95 ' ears model and to check optical skin spectroscopy in tissue characterization. METHODS: Our study was carried out on 20 New-Zealand female white @entity95 . @entity2805 were obtained by wounding @entity95 ' ear. These wounds were treated with intradermal injections of @entity1140 (0.2-0.5 mg/cm(2)) or a vehicule. The assessment of treatment efficacy was performed by clinical examinations, histological assay and skin spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity1140 did not induce general or local side-effects. The scar elevation index in treated subjects was half less than that of the untreated ones. Furthermore, dermal thickness and inflammatory cellular density were both significantly smaller for treated scars than for the control ones. In vivo optical skin spectroscopy can characterize @entity1184 and normal skin with high sensibility and specificity. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of @entity1140 at 0.5 mg/cm(2) is an efficient way to prevent @entity2805 in our experiment model and its tolerance is correct. Optical spectroscopy could be a good non-invasive tool to evaluate @entity2805 treatment. These promising results might be proposed for @entity1 suffering from keloid.

title: Intradermal @entity1140 prevent @entity1184 in a XXXX ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars', 'HSc']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloids and @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) affect 4.5-16% of the population. Thus far, the different approaches of keloid treatment are not very efficient, with a 50% relapse rate and many ongoing researches are looking for simple, safe and more efficient therapeutic methods. @entity1140 is an immunomodulator that could be useful in treating keloid. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity1140 in inhibiting @entity2805 formation on @entity95 ' ears model and to check optical skin spectroscopy in tissue characterization. METHODS: Our study was carried out on 20 New-Zealand female white @entity95 . @entity2805 were obtained by wounding @entity95 ' ear. These wounds were treated with intradermal injections of @entity1140 (0.2-0.5 mg/cm(2)) or a vehicule. The assessment of treatment efficacy was performed by clinical examinations, histological assay and skin spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity1140 did not induce general or local side-effects. The scar elevation index in treated subjects was half less than that of the untreated ones. Furthermore, dermal thickness and inflammatory cellular density were both significantly smaller for treated scars than for the control ones. In vivo optical skin spectroscopy can characterize @entity1184 and normal skin with high sensibility and specificity. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of @entity1140 at 0.5 mg/cm(2) is an efficient way to prevent @entity2805 in our experiment model and its tolerance is correct. Optical spectroscopy could be a good non-invasive tool to evaluate @entity2805 treatment. These promising results might be proposed for @entity1 suffering from keloid.

title: Intradermal XXXX prevent @entity1184 in a @entity95 ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloids and @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) affect 4.5-16% of the population. Thus far, the different approaches of keloid treatment are not very efficient, with a 50% relapse rate and many ongoing researches are looking for simple, safe and more efficient therapeutic methods. @entity1140 is an immunomodulator that could be useful in treating keloid. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity1140 in inhibiting @entity2805 formation on @entity95 ' ears model and to check optical skin spectroscopy in tissue characterization. METHODS: Our study was carried out on 20 New-Zealand female white @entity95 . @entity2805 were obtained by wounding @entity95 ' ear. These wounds were treated with intradermal injections of @entity1140 (0.2-0.5 mg/cm(2)) or a vehicule. The assessment of treatment efficacy was performed by clinical examinations, histological assay and skin spectrometry. RESULTS: @entity1140 did not induce general or local side-effects. The scar elevation index in treated subjects was half less than that of the untreated ones. Furthermore, dermal thickness and inflammatory cellular density were both significantly smaller for treated scars than for the control ones. In vivo optical skin spectroscopy can characterize @entity1184 and normal skin with high sensibility and specificity. CONCLUSION: Intradermal injection of @entity1140 at 0.5 mg/cm(2) is an efficient way to prevent @entity2805 in our experiment model and its tolerance is correct. Optical spectroscopy could be a good non-invasive tool to evaluate @entity2805 treatment. These promising results might be proposed for @entity1 suffering from keloid.

title: Intradermal @entity1140 prevent XXXX in a @entity95 ear model: a clinical, histological and spectroscopical analysis.

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['scar hypertrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: This article gives an overview of the possibilities of conventional radiography in the diagnosis of @entity29 of the small intestine and colon. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For more than 25 years we examine the small bowel employing enteroclysis with barium and methylcellulose and the colon with the usual double-contrast method. In the last 152 months 1560 small bowel enemas were performed. In the last 40 months 410 examinations of the colon were performed. RESULTS: There is a thirty percent decrease in enteroclysis examinations within the past 5 years,however, the rate of examinations with positive results increased from 46 to 57%. The proportion of the inflammatory small intestinal diseases (not only @entity30 ) remained constant with 18%.Concerning the examinations of the colon for @entity32 we confirmed the diagnosis in seven cases. The radiation exposure for the enteroclysis in inflammatory diseases was 7 @entity2073 , for colon examinations 14 @entity2073 . CONCLUSION: Barium examinations, especially of the stomach and colon are decreasing in frequency. Therefore the art of performance and interpretation might get lost.Enteroclysis, however, is still the method of reference for the other imaging methods. The advantages compared to the other imaging methods are the excellent presentation of the details of the mucosal surface and the observation of functional disorders.

title: [Barium examinations of the small intestine and the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['colon in inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: "High risk" @entity1082 strains are the causative agents of the vast majority of @entity189 of the uterine cervix. In these @entity5 , the physical integration of the HPV genome is a frequent, though not invariable occurrence, but the constitutive expression of the E6 and E7 viral genes is always observed, suggesting key roles for the E6 and E7 oncoproteins in the process of malignant transformation. The "intracellular antibody" technology using recombinant antibodies in single-chain format offers the possibility of targeting a protein in its intracellular environment even at the level of definite domains thus representing a valuable strategy to "knock out" the function of specific proteins. METHODS: In this study, we investigate the in vitro activity of two single-chain antibody fragments directed against the "high-risk" @entity1799 E7 oncoprotein, @entity10390 43M2 and @entity10390 51. These scFvs were expressed by retroviral system in different cell compartments of the @entity1799 -positive @entity1 cells, and cell proliferation was analyzed by Colony Formation Assay and EZ4U assay. The binding of these scFvs to E7, and their possible interference with the interaction between E7 and its main target, the @entity5 suppressor @entity996 protein, were then investigated by immunoassays, PepSet    technology and Surface Plasmon Resonance. RESULTS: The expression of the two scFvs in the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum of @entity1 cells resulted in the selective growth inhibition of these cells. Analysis of binding showed that both scFvs bind E7 via distinct but overlapping epitopes not corresponding to the @entity996 binding site. Nevertheless, the binding of @entity10390 43M2 to E7 was inhibited by @entity996 in a non-competitive manner. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the overall results, the observed inhibition of HPV-positive @entity1 cells proliferation could be ascribed to an interaction between @entity10390 and E7, involving non- @entity996 targets. The study paves the way for the employment of specific scFvs in immunotherapeutic approaches against the @entity66 .

title: Retinoblastoma-independent antiproliferative activity of novel intracellular antibodies against the E7 oncoprotein in XXXX -positive cells.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV 16']


abstract: After operative correction of @entity1498 , @entity1 continue to have excess @entity65 , including manifestations of @entity741 . Previous morphologic studies support the concept of direct hypertensive @entity1317 in these @entity1 . To determine whether abnormalities of myocardial perfusion were present in an asymptomatic group of @entity1 with @entity1498 repair, 18 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 with a mean age of 26 years (range 19 to 41) were studied between 2 and 25 years after operative correction. Stress electrocardiography and quantitative thallium imaging by a circumferential profile technique were used. These @entity1 were compared with a normal group, statistically defined as having a less than 1% prevalence of significant obstructive @entity453 . The @entity86 group demonstrated a @entity2026 redistribution in each view analyzed. As compared with findings in the control subjects, thallium washout in the anterior view (41.9 versus 48.6%, p = 0.02) and left anterior oblique projection (40.5 versus 48.2%, p = 0.007) was significantly diminished. Although the @entity86 group had a lower @entity4214 redistribution rate in the lateral view (41.4 versus 46.3%, p = 0.09) this difference did not reach statistical significance because of the intrinsic variability of this projection. Plots of the median percent thallium washout revealed independence from circumferential profile angle, indicating @entity854 in perfusion. No correlation between clinical variables and thallium kinetics could be established, suggesting marked individual variability in the development of this @entity455 . The observation of abnormal thallium kinetics in @entity1 with @entity1498 repair may have consequences for long-term follow-up and therapy.

title: Abnormal thallium kinetics in XXXX of the aorta: evidence for diffuse hypertension-induced vascular pathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation', 'congenital coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in global thallium']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['global abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative coarctation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported an association between @entity2621 and @entity259 although the cause/effect relationship is still controversial. CASE REPORT: In this paper we report the case of a 38-year-old female who first presented with a clinical history of @entity2621 . Ultrasound examination showed a diffuse thyroid irregularity more pronounced in the right lobe. FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology) was performed in this area, and the cytological diagnosis was " @entity2621 ". The @entity1 underwent clinical follow-up. Two years later, an ultrasound examination showed a nodular lump in the area previously aspirated. A new FNAC evidenced a @entity53872 . Therefore, the @entity1 underwent surgery. The histological diagnosis was " @entity1358 ". CONCLUSION: In the present case, the clinical and ultrasound history suggest the development of a malignant lesion strictly related to @entity1374 , as previously reported by other studies on @entity1377 . A cause-effect relationship between @entity2621 and @entity5 is still a matter of controversy. Therefore, @entity1 suffering from @entity10972 require a careful follow-up and, in case of nodules development, FNAC is recommended.

title: XXXX : incidental association? A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis', "Hashimoto's disease", "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity53872 :: ('MESH:C536913', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroiditis and oncocytic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity957 (SCC) accounts for about 4% of all gynaecological @entity5 . It has an incidence of about 1.8 per 100,000. However, after the age of 75 the incidence of @entity189 peaks at approximately 20 per 100,000, making it as common as @entity2622 . Benign and pre- @entity5 can be broadly divided into non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva (NNEDV), @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) and @entity4261 ( @entity4261 ). NNEDV lesions include @entity3854 ( @entity3854 ) and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ). To date no solid prognostic tools are available to predict which pre- @entity5 will progress to SCC. About 4.5% of @entity1 develop SCC following a history of @entity3854 and ca. 4% of treated @entity6068 go on to become vulvar SCC. In @entity4261 , 28% of @entity1 have an underlying @entity5 . Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, is an essential component of solid @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Several angiogenic factors are expressed by many @entity5 , suggesting that @entity5 promote their own vascularisation by activating the host endothelium. This review follows the progress of research in angiogenesis in @entity6068 as assessed by a variety of methods, such as in situ hybridisation (ISH), microvessel density measurements (MVD), immunohistochemically-detected angiogenic growth factor expression, including @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/ @entity1014 phosphorylase ( @entity1015 /TP), and serum concentrations of @entity7 . Thus, the potential of angiogenesis as a prognostic and predictive tool for identifying which pre-malignant lesions could progress to SCC is discussed. A relatively high MVD and strong @entity7 expression may serve as prognostic indicators of survival in invasive SCC. MVD and @entity7 expression are also predictive factors in identifying which @entity6068 are more likely to become invasive. However @entity7 is not a predictive marker in cases of @entity3854 likely to progress to @entity189 . The expression of @entity1015 /TP in all types of lesions tested prevents its use as a prognostic tool, unlike @entity7 . However, @entity1015 /TP is involved in @entity4261 pathogenesis, but is not a marker of the malignant progression of @entity4261 . In @entity4261 , @entity7 was not expressed even in those cases associated with invasive disease. Serum concentrations of @entity7 play a functional role in @entity105 . Although associated with impaired disease-free and overall survival, pre-treatment serum concentrations of @entity7 are not an independent predictor of outcome in @entity1 with @entity5 . These studies suggest that further angiogenic research will be important in both the therapy and prognosis of malignant and pre-malignant @entity6068 .

title: Angiogenesis in benign, pre-malignant and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignant vulvar lesions', 'cancer', 'tumour', 'vulvar cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['SH', 'squamous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease of the vulva", 'PDV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['VIN lesions', 'vulvar disease']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia', 'VIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant vulvar lesions']