abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endovascular treatment of @entity432 is challenging and often limited by its unique anatomic, hemodynamic and biomechanical constraints. Despite technical improvement, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty alone is not adequate to provide satisfactory long-term patency. Several randomized controlled trials have shown that primary @entity5648 stenting can provide a better short-term radiological patency in intermediate lesion, but the results were often limited by intrinsic stent complications, particularly in-stent @entity256 . Solutions to long lesions have been more elusive. To date, many novel technologies have been developed with a goal of improving stent design for this specific environment. Interwoven stents are made to provide a higher radial strength and kink resistance. Covered stents are designed to prevent the ingrowth of @entity1373 , which is the main cause of @entity256 in bare metal stent. Drug-eluting stents have shown improved patency in clinical trials. Bioabsorbable stents, combining biological agents and mechanical scaffold, provide temporary vascular support while reducing implant-related @entity32 in the long term. New developments in balloon angioplasty, such as drug elution, provide a challenge to stenting in this arena. Although these technologies look promising, a uniform reporting system and large-scale comparative studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate their clinical effectiveness in the future.

title: Primary Stenting in XXXX   - What Is the Appropriate Role?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['vascular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['femoropopliteal occlusive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Femoropopliteal Occlusive Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The @entity6 ( @entity6 , FA/FA) @entity35 is a genetic model of @entity164 2 @entity6 , characterized by insulin resistance with progressive @entity209 . We have previously demonstrated @entity2383 and oxidative stress in the heart, kidneys and pancreas of @entity6 @entity35 . However, the precise molecular mechanism of disease progression is not clear. Our aim in the present study was to investigate oxidative stress and @entity2383 in the liver and brain of @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: In this study, we have measured mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetics and redox homeostasis in the liver and brain of @entity6 @entity35 . RESULTS: Our results showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the @entity6 @entity35 brain compared to the liver, while nitric oxide (NO) production was markedly increased both in the brain and liver. High levels of lipid and protein peroxidation were also observed in these tissues. Glutathione metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory functions were adversely affected in @entity6 @entity35 when compared to Zucker lean (ZL, +/FA) control @entity35 . Reduced ATP synthesis was also observed in the liver and brain of @entity6 @entity35 . Western blot analysis confirmed altered expression of cytochrome P450 2E1, @entity1506 , p-JNK, and IkB-a confirming an increase in oxidative and metabolic stress in @entity6 @entity35 tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that, like other tissues, @entity6 @entity35 liver and brain develop complications associated with redox homeostasis and @entity2383 . These results, thus, might have implications in understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of diabesity which in turn, would help in managing the disease associated complications.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Increased Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Zucker Diabetic XXXX Liver and Brain.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Zucker diabetic fatty', 'ZDF', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gastric @entity674 ( @entity674 ) have a highly variable clinical course, and recurrent disease sometimes develops despite curative surgery. This study was undertaken to investigate the surgical role in treating @entity1820 and evaluate the clinicopathological features of a large series of @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity1820 to clarify which features were independent prognostic factors. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 406 @entity1 with @entity1820 who underwent curative resection at 4 university hospitals in Daegu, South Korea, from March 1998 to March 2012 were reviewed. All cases were confirmed as @entity1820 by immunohistochemical staining, in which @entity2467 or @entity2280 was positive. Clinical follow-up was performed periodically, and disease-free survival rates were retrospectively investigated using the medical records. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 42.9 months (range: 2-166). There were 11 recurrent @entity1 (2.7%). Due to the small number of recurrences, age, sex and location were controlled using propensity score matching before performing any statistical analysis. @entity5 size, mitotic count, NIH classification, and cellularity were judged to be independent prognostic factors for recurrence by univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, @entity5 size and mitotic count were significantly and independently related to recurrence, and @entity5 size was determined to be the most important prognostic factor for recurrence after curative resection (hazard ratio: 1.204; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicenter study demonstrate that disease-free survival rates are good. @entity5 size was disclosed as the most important factor for recurrence in @entity356 @entity1 who underwent radical resection.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Prognostic Factors of @entity1 with XXXX after Curative Resection: A Retrospective Analysis of 406 Consecutive Cases in a Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gastric @entity674 ( @entity674 ) have a highly variable clinical course, and recurrent disease sometimes develops despite curative surgery. This study was undertaken to investigate the surgical role in treating @entity1820 and evaluate the clinicopathological features of a large series of @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity1820 to clarify which features were independent prognostic factors. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 406 @entity1 with @entity1820 who underwent curative resection at 4 university hospitals in Daegu, South Korea, from March 1998 to March 2012 were reviewed. All cases were confirmed as @entity1820 by immunohistochemical staining, in which @entity2467 or @entity2280 was positive. Clinical follow-up was performed periodically, and disease-free survival rates were retrospectively investigated using the medical records. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 42.9 months (range: 2-166). There were 11 recurrent @entity1 (2.7%). Due to the small number of recurrences, age, sex and location were controlled using propensity score matching before performing any statistical analysis. @entity5 size, mitotic count, NIH classification, and cellularity were judged to be independent prognostic factors for recurrence by univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, @entity5 size and mitotic count were significantly and independently related to recurrence, and @entity5 size was determined to be the most important prognostic factor for recurrence after curative resection (hazard ratio: 1.204; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicenter study demonstrate that disease-free survival rates are good. @entity5 size was disclosed as the most important factor for recurrence in @entity356 @entity1 who underwent radical resection.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Prognostic Factors of XXXX with @entity1820 after Curative Resection: A Retrospective Analysis of 406 Consecutive Cases in a Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 is a disease whose clinical spectrum depends on the cytokine patterns produced during the early stages of the immune response. The main objective of this study was to describe the activation pattern of cellular transcription factors and to correlate these factors with the clinical forms of @entity1201 . Skin samples were obtained from 16 @entity1 with the tuberculoid (TT) form and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) form. The histologic sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1639 and anti- @entity1178 monoclonal antibodies for investigation of @entity1178 , anti-NFkB @entity9135 for the study of NFkB, and anti- @entity4016 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity7116 for investigation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells expressing @entity6897 were more frequent in the TT form than in LL lesions (P = .0096), in agreement with the protective immunity provided by @entity379 . @entity7116 was also more highly expressed in the TT form than in the LL form (P = .0098). This transcription factor is essential for the development of a @entity1198 response because it is associated with interleukin-12. NFkB ( @entity9135 ) and @entity7116 expression in the TT form showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.7556 and P = .0007). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between @entity4016 and @entity7116 in the TT form (r = 0.6637 and P = .0051), with these factors responding to interleukin-12 in @entity1198 profiles. The results suggest that @entity6897 , @entity4016 , and NFkB, together with @entity7116 , contribute to the development of cell-mediated immunity, which is able to contain the proliferation of @entity4430 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of cellular transcription NFkB ( @entity9135 ), @entity1178 ( @entity1639 and @entity1178 ), and JAK/STAT in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 is a disease whose clinical spectrum depends on the cytokine patterns produced during the early stages of the immune response. The main objective of this study was to describe the activation pattern of cellular transcription factors and to correlate these factors with the clinical forms of @entity1201 . Skin samples were obtained from 16 @entity1 with the tuberculoid (TT) form and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) form. The histologic sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1639 and anti- @entity1178 monoclonal antibodies for investigation of @entity1178 , anti-NFkB @entity9135 for the study of NFkB, and anti- @entity4016 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity7116 for investigation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells expressing @entity6897 were more frequent in the TT form than in LL lesions (P = .0096), in agreement with the protective immunity provided by @entity379 . @entity7116 was also more highly expressed in the TT form than in the LL form (P = .0098). This transcription factor is essential for the development of a @entity1198 response because it is associated with interleukin-12. NFkB ( @entity9135 ) and @entity7116 expression in the TT form showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.7556 and P = .0007). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between @entity4016 and @entity7116 in the TT form (r = 0.6637 and P = .0051), with these factors responding to interleukin-12 in @entity1198 profiles. The results suggest that @entity6897 , @entity4016 , and NFkB, together with @entity7116 , contribute to the development of cell-mediated immunity, which is able to contain the proliferation of @entity4430 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of cellular transcription NFkB ( @entity9135 ), XXXX ( @entity1639 and @entity1178 ), and JAK/STAT in @entity1201 .

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['AP-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 is a disease whose clinical spectrum depends on the cytokine patterns produced during the early stages of the immune response. The main objective of this study was to describe the activation pattern of cellular transcription factors and to correlate these factors with the clinical forms of @entity1201 . Skin samples were obtained from 16 @entity1 with the tuberculoid (TT) form and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) form. The histologic sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1639 and anti- @entity1178 monoclonal antibodies for investigation of @entity1178 , anti-NFkB @entity9135 for the study of NFkB, and anti- @entity4016 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity7116 for investigation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells expressing @entity6897 were more frequent in the TT form than in LL lesions (P = .0096), in agreement with the protective immunity provided by @entity379 . @entity7116 was also more highly expressed in the TT form than in the LL form (P = .0098). This transcription factor is essential for the development of a @entity1198 response because it is associated with interleukin-12. NFkB ( @entity9135 ) and @entity7116 expression in the TT form showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.7556 and P = .0007). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between @entity4016 and @entity7116 in the TT form (r = 0.6637 and P = .0051), with these factors responding to interleukin-12 in @entity1198 profiles. The results suggest that @entity6897 , @entity4016 , and NFkB, together with @entity7116 , contribute to the development of cell-mediated immunity, which is able to contain the proliferation of @entity4430 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of cellular transcription NFkB ( @entity9135 ), @entity1178 ( @entity1639 and XXXX ), and JAK/STAT in @entity1201 .

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['c-Jun']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 is a disease whose clinical spectrum depends on the cytokine patterns produced during the early stages of the immune response. The main objective of this study was to describe the activation pattern of cellular transcription factors and to correlate these factors with the clinical forms of @entity1201 . Skin samples were obtained from 16 @entity1 with the tuberculoid (TT) form and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) form. The histologic sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1639 and anti- @entity1178 monoclonal antibodies for investigation of @entity1178 , anti-NFkB @entity9135 for the study of NFkB, and anti- @entity4016 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity7116 for investigation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells expressing @entity6897 were more frequent in the TT form than in LL lesions (P = .0096), in agreement with the protective immunity provided by @entity379 . @entity7116 was also more highly expressed in the TT form than in the LL form (P = .0098). This transcription factor is essential for the development of a @entity1198 response because it is associated with interleukin-12. NFkB ( @entity9135 ) and @entity7116 expression in the TT form showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.7556 and P = .0007). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between @entity4016 and @entity7116 in the TT form (r = 0.6637 and P = .0051), with these factors responding to interleukin-12 in @entity1198 profiles. The results suggest that @entity6897 , @entity4016 , and NFkB, together with @entity7116 , contribute to the development of cell-mediated immunity, which is able to contain the proliferation of @entity4430 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of cellular transcription NFkB ( XXXX ), @entity1178 ( @entity1639 and @entity1178 ), and JAK/STAT in @entity1201 .

answer: @entity9135 :: (5970,Gene) :: ['p65']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 is a disease whose clinical spectrum depends on the cytokine patterns produced during the early stages of the immune response. The main objective of this study was to describe the activation pattern of cellular transcription factors and to correlate these factors with the clinical forms of @entity1201 . Skin samples were obtained from 16 @entity1 with the tuberculoid (TT) form and 14 with the lepromatous (LL) form. The histologic sections were immunostained with anti- @entity1639 and anti- @entity1178 monoclonal antibodies for investigation of @entity1178 , anti-NFkB @entity9135 for the study of NFkB, and anti- @entity4016 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , and @entity7116 for investigation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Cells expressing @entity6897 were more frequent in the TT form than in LL lesions (P = .0096), in agreement with the protective immunity provided by @entity379 . @entity7116 was also more highly expressed in the TT form than in the LL form (P = .0098). This transcription factor is essential for the development of a @entity1198 response because it is associated with interleukin-12. NFkB ( @entity9135 ) and @entity7116 expression in the TT form showed a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.7556 and P = .0007). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between @entity4016 and @entity7116 in the TT form (r = 0.6637 and P = .0051), with these factors responding to interleukin-12 in @entity1198 profiles. The results suggest that @entity6897 , @entity4016 , and NFkB, together with @entity7116 , contribute to the development of cell-mediated immunity, which is able to contain the proliferation of @entity4430 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of cellular transcription NFkB ( @entity9135 ), @entity1178 ( XXXX and @entity1178 ), and JAK/STAT in @entity1201 .

answer: @entity1639 :: (2353,Gene) :: ['c-Fos']


abstract: The complement system has been implicated in the physiopathology of @entity326 . Since infection is a major cause of @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 , we examined daily serum C3 and immunoglobulin levels in all victims of major @entity130 during a 3-month interval. Sixteen @entity1 developed acute systemic @entity295 3-15 days after admission. For all variables the lowest values occurred shortly after hospital admission, during or just after fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, the serum C3 and immunoglobulin concentrations gradually returned to the normal ranges, despite the onset of fulminant systemic @entity295 . Except for IgM, the occurrence of @entity551 during @entity295 did not affect the recovery patterns of the measured variables. In the five @entity1 experiencing @entity551 , serum IgM dropped transiently but resumed its normalization trend after the restoration of adequate perfusion pressure. In the three nonsurvivors there was no reduction in the serum C3 or immunoglobulin levels prior to @entity204 . These data do not support a role for C3 or the immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of @entity15 . On the contrary, the behavior of these substances during severe @entity295 is more consistent with protective host defense functions.

title: Sequential serum complement (C3) and immunoglobulin levels in shock/ @entity130 @entity1 developing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['acute fulminant clinical sepsis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['acute fulminant systemic sepsis']


abstract: The complement system has been implicated in the physiopathology of @entity326 . Since infection is a major cause of @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 , we examined daily serum C3 and immunoglobulin levels in all victims of major @entity130 during a 3-month interval. Sixteen @entity1 developed acute systemic @entity295 3-15 days after admission. For all variables the lowest values occurred shortly after hospital admission, during or just after fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, the serum C3 and immunoglobulin concentrations gradually returned to the normal ranges, despite the onset of fulminant systemic @entity295 . Except for IgM, the occurrence of @entity551 during @entity295 did not affect the recovery patterns of the measured variables. In the five @entity1 experiencing @entity551 , serum IgM dropped transiently but resumed its normalization trend after the restoration of adequate perfusion pressure. In the three nonsurvivors there was no reduction in the serum C3 or immunoglobulin levels prior to @entity204 . These data do not support a role for C3 or the immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of @entity15 . On the contrary, the behavior of these substances during severe @entity295 is more consistent with protective host defense functions.

title: Sequential serum complement (C3) and immunoglobulin levels in shock/ XXXX @entity1 developing @entity15 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The complement system has been implicated in the physiopathology of @entity326 . Since infection is a major cause of @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 , we examined daily serum C3 and immunoglobulin levels in all victims of major @entity130 during a 3-month interval. Sixteen @entity1 developed acute systemic @entity295 3-15 days after admission. For all variables the lowest values occurred shortly after hospital admission, during or just after fluid resuscitation. Thereafter, the serum C3 and immunoglobulin concentrations gradually returned to the normal ranges, despite the onset of fulminant systemic @entity295 . Except for IgM, the occurrence of @entity551 during @entity295 did not affect the recovery patterns of the measured variables. In the five @entity1 experiencing @entity551 , serum IgM dropped transiently but resumed its normalization trend after the restoration of adequate perfusion pressure. In the three nonsurvivors there was no reduction in the serum C3 or immunoglobulin levels prior to @entity204 . These data do not support a role for C3 or the immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of @entity15 . On the contrary, the behavior of these substances during severe @entity295 is more consistent with protective host defense functions.

title: Sequential serum complement (C3) and immunoglobulin levels in shock/ @entity130 XXXX developing @entity15 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity52780 deficiency is seen in @entity1 with @entity466 ( @entity466 ) and @entity466 . However, the spectrum of the disease has recently expanded to include a milder phenotype. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed a 4-year-old @entity1 who was initially given the diagnosis of selective @entity2015 (SIgAD) based on immunoglobulin serum levels without any @entity1292 , @entity1910 , @entity828 , @entity792 or @entity738 . The @entity1 was found to be @entity281 ; however, the clinical course was not serious. He produced antiviral antibodies. METHODS: We performed lymphocyte phenotyping, quantification of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs), an analysis of target sequences of @entity52780 , a whole-genome SNP array, an in vitro V(D)J recombination assay, a spectratype analysis of the CDR3 region and a flow cytometric analysis of the bone marrow. RESULTS: Lymphocyte phenotyping demonstrated that the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells was inverted and the majority of CD4+T cells expressed CD45RO antigens in addition to the almost complete lack of B cells. Furthermore, both TRECs and KRECs were absent. Targeted DNA sequencing and SNP array revealed that the @entity1 carried a deletion of @entity12656 and @entity37671 genes on the paternally-derived chromosome 11, and two maternally-derived novel @entity12656 missense mutations ( @entity71616 , @entity71617 ). In vitro analysis of recombination activity showed that both @entity12656 mutant proteins had low, but residual function. CONCLUSIONS: The current case further expands the phenotypic spectrum of mild presentations of @entity74 , and suggests that TRECs and KRECs are useful markers for detecting hidden severe, as well as mild, cases.

title: XXXX Deficiency May Present Clinically as Selective IgA Deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected with varicella zoster']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Omenn syndrome', 'severe combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['RAG deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity52780 :: ('5896;5897', 'Gene') :: ['Recombination-activating gene (RAG) 1 and 2', 'RAG1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['immunoglobulin A deficiency']

answer: @entity12656 :: (5896,Gene) :: ['RAG1']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of recombinant @entity1 tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were studied in 20 subjects during and after its i.v. infusion at three different rates (5.6, 8.3, and 10 micrograms/kg/min). Steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.9 to 1.6 micrograms/ml were reached. The plasma disappearance curves of rt-PA (both antigen and activity) after cessation of infusion were approximated by a sum of two exponential terms and the turnover of rt-PA was represented by a two-compartment mammillary model with peripheral (liver) elimination. The fractional efflux rate constant from the central compartment was 0.10 per min and the fractional catabolic rate constant about 0.02 per min. After cessation of infusion the initial half-life of the drug in plasma was 6 min. @entity2002 levels were measured by a clotting rate assay and by @entity28602 precipitation. Infusion of rt-PA at 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min did not cause systemic @entity2002 breakdown. Infusion of 5.6 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min was associated with a decrease of @entity2002 to 62% of the preinfusion value (4.5 g/l) as measured with the clotting rate assay, but only 2% was recovered as incoagulable @entity2002 -fibrin degradation products. Infusion of 8.3 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min resulted in a decrease of @entity2002 to 45% of the preinfusion level (2.5 g/l) and generation of 8.5% @entity2002 -fibrin degradation products. @entity2002 assays with the @entity28602 method showed a much less extensive decrease of @entity2002 . This extent of systemic fibrinolytic activation and @entity2002 breakdown at high infusion rates and prolonged durations is compatible with that anticipated from the kinetic parameters of the activation of plasminogen by rt-PA.

title: Pharmacokinetics and systemic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant XXXX tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity28602 :: ('MESH:C025026', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of recombinant @entity1 tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were studied in 20 subjects during and after its i.v. infusion at three different rates (5.6, 8.3, and 10 micrograms/kg/min). Steady-state plasma concentrations of 0.9 to 1.6 micrograms/ml were reached. The plasma disappearance curves of rt-PA (both antigen and activity) after cessation of infusion were approximated by a sum of two exponential terms and the turnover of rt-PA was represented by a two-compartment mammillary model with peripheral (liver) elimination. The fractional efflux rate constant from the central compartment was 0.10 per min and the fractional catabolic rate constant about 0.02 per min. After cessation of infusion the initial half-life of the drug in plasma was 6 min. @entity2002 levels were measured by a clotting rate assay and by @entity28602 precipitation. Infusion of rt-PA at 10 micrograms/kg/min for 30 min did not cause systemic @entity2002 breakdown. Infusion of 5.6 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min was associated with a decrease of @entity2002 to 62% of the preinfusion value (4.5 g/l) as measured with the clotting rate assay, but only 2% was recovered as incoagulable @entity2002 -fibrin degradation products. Infusion of 8.3 micrograms/kg/min for 90 min resulted in a decrease of @entity2002 to 45% of the preinfusion level (2.5 g/l) and generation of 8.5% @entity2002 -fibrin degradation products. @entity2002 assays with the @entity28602 method showed a much less extensive decrease of @entity2002 . This extent of systemic fibrinolytic activation and @entity2002 breakdown at high infusion rates and prolonged durations is compatible with that anticipated from the kinetic parameters of the activation of plasminogen by rt-PA.

title: Pharmacokinetics and systemic fibrinogenolytic effects of recombinant @entity1 tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Five subjects exercised with the knee extensor of one limb at work loads ranging from 10 to 60 W. Measurements of pulmonary @entity26 uptake, heart rate, leg blood flow, blood pressure and femoral arterial-venous differences for @entity26 and @entity880 were made between 5 and 10 min of the exercise. Flow in the femoral vein was measured using constant infusion of saline near 0 degrees C. Since a cuff was inflated just below the knee during the measurements and because the hamstrings were inactive, the measured flow represented primarily the perfusion of the knee extensors. Blood flow increased linearly with work load right up to an average value of 5.7 l @entity1009 . Mean arterial pressure was unchanged up to a work load of 30 W, but increased thereafter from 100 to 130 mmHg. The femoral arterial-venous @entity26 difference at maximum work averaged 14.6% (v/v), resulting in an @entity26 uptake of 0.80 l @entity1009 . With a mean estimated weight of the knee extensors of 2.30 kg the perfusion of maximally exercising skeletal muscle of @entity1 is thus in the order of 2.5 l kg-1 @entity1009 , and the @entity26 uptake 0.35 l kg-1 @entity1009 . Limitations in the methods used previously to determine flow and/or the characteristics of the exercise model used may explain why earlier studies in @entity1 have failed to demonstrate the high perfusion of muscle reported here. It is concluded that muscle blood flow is closely related to the @entity26 demand of the exercising muscles. The hyperaemia at low work intensities is due to vasodilatation, and an elevated mean arterial blood pressure only contributes to the linear increase in flow at high work rates. The magnitude of perfusion observed during intense exercise indicates that the vascular bed of skeletal muscle is not a limiting factor for @entity26 transport.

title: Maximal perfusion of skeletal muscle in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of work, non-work and individual factors to @entity28 with regard to gender-related differences, and to clarify the mediating role that @entity458 plays in these dynamics in Canada from 1994 to 2008 using the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). DESIGN: Longitudinal. SETTINGS: The NPHS is a randomised longitudinal cohort study with biennial interviews of the Canadian adult population from 18 to 64. @entity1 : 5925 non-obese workers in cycle 1 (49% were @entity1 ). MEASUREMENTS: @entity28 was measured using the body mass index (BMI), with a threshold of BMI >30   kg/m(2). BMI was corrected in accordance with the recommendations of Connor Gorber et al to adjust for gender bias in responses. RESULTS: Of the work characteristics evaluated, only decision authority was associated with @entity28 for @entity1 but not for @entity1 . Living as a couple, @entity1 -related strains, psychotropic drug use, @entity101 , being physically inactive and low @entity458 were @entity28 risk factors but were not moderated by gender. Overall, @entity458 did not mediate the associations that work factors have on @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1 and @entity1 differ little in the extent to which work, non-work and individual factors predict @entity28 . However, for @entity1 , the level of decision authority is associated with a lower @entity28 risk. In addition, @entity458 did not mediate the contribution of work factors and actually seems, contrary to expectations, to decrease the @entity28 risk when work, non-work and individual factors are taken into account.

title: Work and non-work stressors, XXXX and @entity28 : evidence from a 14-year study on Canadian workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of work, non-work and individual factors to @entity28 with regard to gender-related differences, and to clarify the mediating role that @entity458 plays in these dynamics in Canada from 1994 to 2008 using the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). DESIGN: Longitudinal. SETTINGS: The NPHS is a randomised longitudinal cohort study with biennial interviews of the Canadian adult population from 18 to 64. @entity1 : 5925 non-obese workers in cycle 1 (49% were @entity1 ). MEASUREMENTS: @entity28 was measured using the body mass index (BMI), with a threshold of BMI >30   kg/m(2). BMI was corrected in accordance with the recommendations of Connor Gorber et al to adjust for gender bias in responses. RESULTS: Of the work characteristics evaluated, only decision authority was associated with @entity28 for @entity1 but not for @entity1 . Living as a couple, @entity1 -related strains, psychotropic drug use, @entity101 , being physically inactive and low @entity458 were @entity28 risk factors but were not moderated by gender. Overall, @entity458 did not mediate the associations that work factors have on @entity28 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that @entity1 and @entity1 differ little in the extent to which work, non-work and individual factors predict @entity28 . However, for @entity1 , the level of decision authority is associated with a lower @entity28 risk. In addition, @entity458 did not mediate the contribution of work factors and actually seems, contrary to expectations, to decrease the @entity28 risk when work, non-work and individual factors are taken into account.

title: Work and non-work stressors, @entity458 and XXXX : evidence from a 14-year study on Canadian workers.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Acute (single exposure), 14-d repeated exposure, 91-d subchronic, and 103-wk chronic @entity137 studies of orally administered (gavage, in @entity4336 oil) @entity30170 were conducted in male and female Fischer-344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 hybrid @entity19 . A single exposure to 4000 mg/kg was lethal to male and female @entity35 , while a single exposure to a dose as low as 1000 mg/kg was lethal to @entity19 . Fourteen daily exposures to 1000 mg/kg caused death in @entity35 of both sexes, but neither survival nor clinical health were compromised at 500 mg/kg in @entity35 or @entity19 . In the 91-d studies, wherein @entity30170 was administered once daily, 5 d/wk, survival was reduced by doses of 500 mg/kg and higher in @entity35 , and by doses of 250 mg/kg and higher in @entity19 . Dose-dependent @entity39 of the liver (hepatocytes), @entity39 of the renal proximal tubules, and lymphoid or myeloid depletion of the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus (mild to severe) were produced by doses of 250 mg/kg or greater of @entity30170 in both sexes of @entity35 and @entity19 , although the incidences of these lesions varied considerably by sex and species. Consistent changes in the circulating blood components were not observed, but a mild porphyrinuria was detected at the higher doses. No toxic effects were observed at doses of 125 mg/kg or less. In the 2-yr studies, wherein @entity30170 was administered once daily, 5 d/wk, doses of 30 or 60 mg/kg in male @entity19 and 60 or 120 mg/kg in female @entity19 and male and female @entity35 did not produce any evidence of @entity137 . Doses of 60 or 120 mg/kg caused slight (statistically significant at 120 mg/kg; p less than 0.05) increases in the frequencies of male @entity35 with neoplastic nodules of the liver. Increased @entity5 frequencies were not observed in female @entity35 or in male or female @entity19 receiving @entity30170 .

title: XXXX responses to acute, subchronic, and chronic oral administrations of @entity30170 to rodents.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity30170 :: ('MESH:C031294', 'Chemical') :: ['monochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration or focal necrosis', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic']


abstract: Acute (single exposure), 14-d repeated exposure, 91-d subchronic, and 103-wk chronic @entity137 studies of orally administered (gavage, in @entity4336 oil) @entity30170 were conducted in male and female Fischer-344 @entity35 and B6C3F1 hybrid @entity19 . A single exposure to 4000 mg/kg was lethal to male and female @entity35 , while a single exposure to a dose as low as 1000 mg/kg was lethal to @entity19 . Fourteen daily exposures to 1000 mg/kg caused death in @entity35 of both sexes, but neither survival nor clinical health were compromised at 500 mg/kg in @entity35 or @entity19 . In the 91-d studies, wherein @entity30170 was administered once daily, 5 d/wk, survival was reduced by doses of 500 mg/kg and higher in @entity35 , and by doses of 250 mg/kg and higher in @entity19 . Dose-dependent @entity39 of the liver (hepatocytes), @entity39 of the renal proximal tubules, and lymphoid or myeloid depletion of the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus (mild to severe) were produced by doses of 250 mg/kg or greater of @entity30170 in both sexes of @entity35 and @entity19 , although the incidences of these lesions varied considerably by sex and species. Consistent changes in the circulating blood components were not observed, but a mild porphyrinuria was detected at the higher doses. No toxic effects were observed at doses of 125 mg/kg or less. In the 2-yr studies, wherein @entity30170 was administered once daily, 5 d/wk, doses of 30 or 60 mg/kg in male @entity19 and 60 or 120 mg/kg in female @entity19 and male and female @entity35 did not produce any evidence of @entity137 . Doses of 60 or 120 mg/kg caused slight (statistically significant at 120 mg/kg; p less than 0.05) increases in the frequencies of male @entity35 with neoplastic nodules of the liver. Increased @entity5 frequencies were not observed in female @entity35 or in male or female @entity19 receiving @entity30170 .

title: @entity137 responses to acute, subchronic, and chronic oral administrations of XXXX to rodents.

answer: @entity30170 :: (MESH:C031294,Chemical) :: ['monochlorobenzene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinical features of @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) and their association with risk factors for @entity1593 in a genetic risk birth cohort. METHODS: @entity1 from 6 clinical centers in 4 countries positive for HLA- @entity4106 -DQ2 or @entity4107 -DQ8 were annually screened for @entity8265 antibodies (tTGA) and assessed for symptoms by questionnaires. Associations of symptoms with anthropometrics, known risk factors for @entity1593 , tTGA levels, and @entity3137 in those biopsied were examined. RESULTS: Of 6706 screened @entity1 , 914 developed persistent positive tTGA, 406 underwent biopsies, and 340 had @entity1593 . Compared with age-matched tTGA-negative @entity1 , those with persistent tTGA were more likely to have symptoms at 2 (34% vs 19%, P < .001) and 3 years of age (28% vs 19%, P = .009) but not at 4 years (27% vs 21%, NS). Z-scores for height, weight, and BMI did not differ between groups. In @entity1 with persistent tTGA, having >=  1 symptom was associated with family history of @entity1593 (odds ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval, 1.21-5.57) but not with age, gender, or HLA- @entity4106 -DQ2 homozygosity. At seroconversion, tTGA levels were higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic @entity1 (P < .001), in those from @entity1593 families (P < .001), and in US @entity1 (P < .001) but not associated with age, gender, or HLA genotype. tTGA levels correlated with severity of @entity3137 both in symptomatic (r = 0.53, P < .001) and asymptomatic @entity1 (r = 0.22, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of @entity1 detected with persistent tTGA in screenings are asymptomatic and have normal growth by age 4 years. tTGA levels correlate more strongly with severity of @entity3137 in symptomatic as compared with asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Clinical features of XXXX : a prospective birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: Although anti- @entity2874 drugs have changed the clinical course of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), survival rates and resistance-to-therapy data confirm that about 30% of @entity309 @entity1 fail to respond. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the development of antidrug antibodies, specific IgG4 antibodies against @entity2874 inhibitors, and resistance to therapy in @entity309 @entity1 . This retrospective study involved 129 @entity1 with established @entity309 na  ve to biological agents (98 females and 32 males, mean age 56.7  12.3 years, disease duration 6.3  1.2 years, baseline Disease Activity Score [DAS]-28 3.2-5.6) who received treatment with anti- @entity2874 agents after the failure of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (32 received infliximab [IFX], 58 etanercept [ETN], and 39 adalimumab [ADA]). After 6 months of treatment, the @entity1 were classified as being in remission (DAS28 <2.6), having low disease activity (LDA; DAS28 2.6-3.2), or not responding (NR: DAS28 >3.2). The @entity1 were also tested for serum antidrug antibodies and IgG4 antibodies against @entity2874 inhibitors. After 24 weeks of treatment, 38% of the ETN-treated @entity1 and 28% of those treated with ADA had injection-site reactions; the rate of systemic reactions in the IFX group was 25%. The differences among the three groups were not statistically significant (P=0.382; ETN versus ADA P=0.319). The percentages of @entity1 with adverse events stratified by drug response were: LDA 8% and NR 18% in the ADA group; in remission 3%, LDA 22%, and NR 10% in the ETN group; and LDA 6% and NR 16% in the IFX group (P=0.051). The percentages of patients with antidrug antibodies were: ADA 33.3%, ETN 11.5%, and IFX 10.3% (P=0.025; ADA versus ETN P=0.015). The percentages of patients with IgG4 antibodies were: ADA 6%, ETN 13%, and IFX 26% (P=0.017; ADA versus ETN P=0.437). Associations between antidrug antibodies, specific IgG4 antibodies, and adverse reactions were not significant for any of the three drugs. IgG4 levels were higher in the ADA group than in the other two groups, and higher in the @entity1 with worse DAS28 (NR) and in those experiencing adverse events. These data suggest a possible association between IgG4 levels and worse DAS28 (r (2)=5.8%, P=0.011). The presence of specific IgG4 antibodies against @entity2874 in @entity1 with @entity309 might affect the drugs' activity. @entity1 with injection-site reactions and IgG4 against ETN may show a decreased response.

title: Antidrug antibodies against XXXX -blocking agents: correlations between disease activity, hypersensitivity reactions, and different classes of immunoglobulins.

entities_list: @entity2874 :: ('MESH:C536657', 'Disease') :: ['TNF blockers', 'TNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2874 :: (MESH:C536657,Disease) :: ['TNF']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity174 are usually the result of high-energy @entity130 , and @entity250 after a @entity174 is an often complication. Though organic pathologies can be the reason for @entity250 , @entity4059 following a @entity130 may also be linked to sexual problems. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of @entity250 , and help these @entity1 with their usually undisclosed sexual problems, and offer them support. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 4-year period, between June 2008 and May 2012, 40 male @entity1 (out of 57) with a mean age of 42.6  years (range 18-65  years) were evaluated retrospectively. @entity1 having organic pathologies (vascular, neural, and urogenital system pathologies) were excluded from the study. @entity1 were requested to complete the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), which is a 5-item self-evaluation scale. According to the results of the questionnaire, @entity1 needing supportive treatment were referred to the psychiatry department. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (55  %) scored 10 points or less in the ASEX questionnaire (normal). Eighteen @entity1 (45  %) had 11 points or more (can be problematic). Four of these 18 @entity1 had a score of 19 points or more (needing psychiatric evaluation). @entity1 with a score of >= 19 points, for any one item with a score of 5 or 6 points, or any three or more items with a score of 4 points were considered to have a high probability of @entity250 after psychiatric evaluation. CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity250 in pelvic @entity174 @entity1 was tested, and the need for investigating @entity250 is stressed. This study attracts attention to @entity250 and the necessity of referring these @entity1 to the related clinics, for treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective case series.

title: @entity250 of male, after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'fractured', 'Pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['psychological factors']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual disorders', 'sexual dysfunction after pelvic fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity174 are usually the result of high-energy @entity130 , and @entity250 after a @entity174 is an often complication. Though organic pathologies can be the reason for @entity250 , @entity4059 following a @entity130 may also be linked to sexual problems. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of @entity250 , and help these @entity1 with their usually undisclosed sexual problems, and offer them support. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 4-year period, between June 2008 and May 2012, 40 male @entity1 (out of 57) with a mean age of 42.6  years (range 18-65  years) were evaluated retrospectively. @entity1 having organic pathologies (vascular, neural, and urogenital system pathologies) were excluded from the study. @entity1 were requested to complete the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), which is a 5-item self-evaluation scale. According to the results of the questionnaire, @entity1 needing supportive treatment were referred to the psychiatry department. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (55  %) scored 10 points or less in the ASEX questionnaire (normal). Eighteen @entity1 (45  %) had 11 points or more (can be problematic). Four of these 18 @entity1 had a score of 19 points or more (needing psychiatric evaluation). @entity1 with a score of >= 19 points, for any one item with a score of 5 or 6 points, or any three or more items with a score of 4 points were considered to have a high probability of @entity250 after psychiatric evaluation. CONCLUSION: The frequency of @entity250 in pelvic @entity174 @entity1 was tested, and the need for investigating @entity250 is stressed. This study attracts attention to @entity250 and the necessity of referring these @entity1 to the related clinics, for treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective case series.

title: XXXX of male, after @entity174 .

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity18924 ( @entity18924 ) is a @entity600 inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. It is due to a metabolic defect in the conversion of @entity14952 to @entity165 , which leads to an accumulation of @entity14952 and frequently a deficiency of @entity165 . The syndrome is characterized by typical dysmorphic facial features, @entity600 , and @entity717 . AREAS COVERED: In this paper we provide an overview of the clinical phenotype and discuss how the manifestations of the syndrome vary depending on the age of the @entity1 . We then explore the underlying biochemical defect and pathophysiological alterations that may contribute to the many disease manifestations. Subsequently we explore the epidemiology and succinctly discuss population genetics as they relate to @entity18924 . The next section presents the diagnostic possibilities. Thereafter, the treatment and management as is standard of care are presented. EXPERT OPINION: Even though the knowledge of the underlying molecular mutations and the biochemical alterations is being rapidly accumulated, there is currently no efficacious therapy addressing @entity51 . We discuss the difficulty of treating this disorder, which manifests as a combination of a @entity600 and an @entity2246 . A very important factor in developing new therapies is the need to rigorously establish efficacy in controlled trials.

title: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Aspects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14952 :: ('MESH:C016705', 'Chemical') :: ['7-dehydrocholesterol']

entities_list: @entity18924 :: ('MESH:D019082', 'Disease') :: ['Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome', 'SLOS']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation syndrome', 'multiple malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity18924 :: (MESH:D019082,Disease) :: ['Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are two main surgical approaches, simple ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow, and anterior transposition of the nerve in treatment of @entity7769 . Both techniques were reported in literature in details with similar reported success rates. Here, we present a modified simple decompression surgical technique in treatment of @entity7769 . METHODS: Fifty eight @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7769 undergoing the presented technique were enrolled. This procedure consisted of ulnar nerve decompression at the elbow and a supplementary procedure of inter-muscular septum transverse cut between triceps and brachialis muscle above the elbow. RESULTS: Complete sensory recovery was observed in 35 (60.3%) @entity1 , however, mild and occasional sensory symptoms remained in 15 (25.9%), and moderate symptoms persisted in 6 (10.3%) @entity1 . In two @entity1 (3.4%), no sensory improvement was recorded. Post-operatively, muscular hypotrophy improved completely in 5 out of 12 @entity1 (41.7%). However, in the remaining 7 @entity1 (58.3%) with @entity2057 , motor recovery never took place. CONCLUSION: The presented modified simple decompression technique was shown to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of @entity7769 without any complications.

title: Modified simple decompression of ulnar nerve in treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is still considered as one of the most common @entity5 worldwide regardless of the countries' level of development. This study determines the incidence of @entity0 in Fars Province, Southern Iran. METHODS: This study used @entity1 ' records from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Cancer Registry Centre, which is a Hospital-Based Registry of Nemazee Hospital. Data were recorded based on International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) and compromised all invasive @entity5 in ICD-10 categories of C-00 to C-80. The findings were shown as the number of cases by site (ICD-10) and gender, with crude incidence (CRs), age-specific incidence and age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 @entity1 per year, performed by direct method using the world standard population. RESULTS: The age group of 40-49 years had the highest rate of @entity0 and naturally most cases were post-menopause ones. Most cases were diagnosed in moderate differentiated state with an increasing trend. Early diagnosis of @entity5 has not increased over time in comprised with malignant cases. The number of diagnosed cases has sharply increased after year 2004 especially during post-menopause period. CONCLUSION: As the number of diagnosed cases has increased during post-menopausal period, screening and health programs seem necessary for menopause @entity1 .

title: Incidence of XXXX in fars province, southern iran: a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['in situ neoplasms', 'cancers', 'female cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The strategy of fusing a protein of interest to a hormone-binding domain (HBD) of a @entity134 hormone receptor allows fine control of the activity of the fused protein. Such fusion proteins are inactive in the absence of ligand, because they are complexed with a variety of intracellular polypeptides. Upon ligand binding, the receptor is released from its inhibitory complex and the fusion protein becomes functional. In the @entity19 @entity172 receptor (ER) fusion system, proteins are fused to the HBD of the ER. The system relies on the use of a mutant ER known as ER(TAM). Compared to the wild-type HBD, ER(TAM) has 1000-fold lower affinity for @entity172 , yet remains responsive to activation by the synthetic @entity134 @entity25608 ( @entity25609 ). Because @entity25609 is expensive, animals can be treated with the cheaper precursor @entity440 , which is converted into @entity25609 by a liver enzyme. Here we present an overview of the methods used to deliver @entity440 to @entity19 . The most used method is intraperitoneal injection, because the amount of administered compound can be better controlled, but delivery by oral gavage is also possible. For short-term and immediate-effect studies or when conversion of @entity440 by the liver is to be avoided, @entity25609 can be used directly.

title: XXXX administration to @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity25608 :: ('MESH:C016601', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxytamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: The strategy of fusing a protein of interest to a hormone-binding domain (HBD) of a @entity134 hormone receptor allows fine control of the activity of the fused protein. Such fusion proteins are inactive in the absence of ligand, because they are complexed with a variety of intracellular polypeptides. Upon ligand binding, the receptor is released from its inhibitory complex and the fusion protein becomes functional. In the @entity19 @entity172 receptor (ER) fusion system, proteins are fused to the HBD of the ER. The system relies on the use of a mutant ER known as ER(TAM). Compared to the wild-type HBD, ER(TAM) has 1000-fold lower affinity for @entity172 , yet remains responsive to activation by the synthetic @entity134 @entity25608 ( @entity25609 ). Because @entity25609 is expensive, animals can be treated with the cheaper precursor @entity440 , which is converted into @entity25609 by a liver enzyme. Here we present an overview of the methods used to deliver @entity440 to @entity19 . The most used method is intraperitoneal injection, because the amount of administered compound can be better controlled, but delivery by oral gavage is also possible. For short-term and immediate-effect studies or when conversion of @entity440 by the liver is to be avoided, @entity25609 can be used directly.

title: @entity440 administration to XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since Aerococcus sanguinicola was designated as a species in 2001, only a few cases of @entity2259 have been reported. The aim with this study was to describe the clinical presentation of A sanguinicola @entity2259 and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and the capacity of the bacteria to form biofilm and to induce @entity1423 . METHODS: Isolates of A sanguinicola from blood cultures were retrospectively identified from 2 clinical microbiology laboratories for 2006 to 2012. Species identity was confirmed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The medical charts of @entity1 were reviewed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for relevant antibiotics was determined. Biofilm formation was measured as the amount of @entity1686 absorbed. @entity1423 was determined by aggregometry. RESULTS: Eleven cases of A sanguinicola @entity2259 were identified. All @entity1 were male and the median age was 82 years (range 67-93). Nine @entity1 fulfilled criteria for severe @entity295 , and 2 @entity1 died at hospital. Two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity884 . Most @entity1 had underlying urinary tract diseases or an indwelling urinary tract catheter. Five @entity1 suffered from @entity303 . None of the @entity1 was treated with immunosuppressive medications. The MIC values of the isolates were in line with previous reports, with low MICs for @entity114 , @entity3524 , and @entity2176 . All 11 isolates produced biofilms but not all could induce @entity1423 . CONCLUSIONS: A sanguinicola can cause severe @entity281 in elderly @entity1 with urinary tract abnormalities and the bacteria possess potential virulence mechanisms.

title: XXXX with Aerococcus sanguinicola: Case Series with Characterization of Virulence Properties.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'Platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: Catheter-dilatation (percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty=PTA) of @entity2791 can be applied successfully and without major risk even in @entity1 with high operative risks. Therefore, the indication for the diagnostic evaluation of @entity2791 should be expanded to all @entity1 suspected to have @entity2792 . Excretory urography combined with angiotomography offers the possibility to visualize the renal arteries and to either detect or exclude @entity2791 . In the first part results of this procedure are presented. The bolus injection have been carried out on 415 @entity1 without any serious side-effects. Using angiotomography 49 @entity2791 , 1 @entity439 and 1 AV @entity292 could be detected. Catheter-angiograms, angiotomograms and conventional rapid sequence urograms were compared in 91 @entity1 . For angiotomography a sensitivity for the presence of @entity2791 of 93% and a specifity for the absence of @entity2791 of 99% can be attained. In the second part, the results of PTA of @entity2791 in 35 @entity1 are described. PTA was technically successful in 29 @entity1 (83%). Three clinically silent complications are reported. In a mean follow-up period of 8,2-months, @entity101 was normalized in 13 (45%) and improved in 10 (34%) @entity1 . @entity177 could be normalized in 7 out of 11 @entity1 . These results make PTA the method of choice in treating @entity2792 . Only if this method is not applicable or technically not feasible, is the alternative for treatment surgical revascularization or conservative antihypertensive therapy.

title: [New developments in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis', 'renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the surgical treatment of recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (rPSP) different operative therapies are applied to achieve permanent freedom from recurrence. METHODS/DESIGN: This multicenter clinical trial evaluates the long-term results of two commonly applied surgical techniques for the treatment of rPSP. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and after obtaining the @entity1 ' informed consent, @entity1 are randomized into the two surgical treatment arms: pulmonary wedge resection plus parietal pleurectomy (WRPP) or parietal pleurectomy alone (PP). Consecutively, all study @entity1 will be followed up for two years to evaluate the surgical long-term effect. The primary efficacy endpoint is the recurrence rate of @entity5229 within 24  months after surgery. The calculated sample size is 360 @entity1 (n   =   180 per treatment arm) to prove superiority of one of the two treatments. So far, 22 surgical sites have submitted their declaration of commitment, giving the estimated number of participating @entity1 . DISCUSSION: A prospective randomized clinical trial has been started to compare two established surgical therapies to evaluate the long-term results regarding recurrence rates. Furthermore, cost of treatment, and influence on the perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as on quality of life are analyzed. If the study reveals equivalence for both surgical techniques, unnecessary pulmonary resections could be avoided. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials gov: NCT01855464 , 06.05 2013.

title: Pulmonary wedge resection plus parietal pleurectomy (WRPP) versus parietal pleurectomy (PP) for the treatment of recurrent primary XXXX (WOPP trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['pneumothorax']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['pneumothorax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3331 are common in older adolescent and adult female soccer players, and abnormal valgus knee appearance characterized by low normalized knee separation (NKS) is a proposed @entity130 factor. What constitutes normal NKS in younger adolescents and whether low NKS is an @entity130 factor are unknown. PURPOSE: To determine the normal range of NKS using a drop-jump test in female perimenarchal youth soccer players and whether low NKS contributes to lower @entity130 or @entity3331 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: From 2008 to 2012, a total of 351 female elite youth soccer players (age range, 11-14 years) were followed for 1 season, with complete follow-up on 92.3% of players. Baseline drop-jump testing was performed preseason. Lower @entity130 during the season were identified using a validated, Internet-based injury surveillance system with weekly email reporting. Normalized knee separation at prelanding, landing, and takeoff was categorized 2 ways: as  <=10th percentile (most extreme valgus appearance) compared with >10th percentile and as a continuous measure of 1 SD. Poisson regression modeling with adjustment for clustering by team estimated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the association between the NKS and the risk of lower extremity and @entity3331 , stratified by menarche. RESULTS: Of the study @entity1 , 134 players experienced 173 lower @entity130 , with 43 (24.9%) @entity3331 . For postmenarchal players (n = 210), those with NKS  <=10th percentile were at 92% increased risk of @entity130 (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.17-3.15) and a 3.62-fold increased risk of @entity3331 (RR, 3.62; 95% CI, 1.18-11.09) compared with NKS >10th percentile at prelanding and landing, respectively. Among postmenarchal players, there was an 80% increased risk of @entity3331 (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.01-3.23) with a decrease of 1 SD in landing NKS and a 66% increased risk of @entity3331 (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.04-2.64) with a decrease of 1 SD in takeoff NKS. Among premenarchal players (n = 141), there was no statistically significant association between the NKS at prelanding, landing, and takeoff and the risk of lower extremity or @entity3331 . CONCLUSION: Low NKS was associated with increased risk of lower extremity and @entity3331 only among postmenarchal players.

title: Is Knee Separation During a Drop Jump Associated With XXXX in Adolescent Female Soccer Players?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries', 'Knee injuries', 'knee injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury risk', 'extremity injuries', 'lower extremity injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Lower Extremity Injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)    endoscopic resection (EMR) is an established treatment strategy for neoplastic @entity5 . Most @entity1 are managed with proton pump inhibitors. The incidence of recurrent @entity355 , @entity1141 , or @entity5 after complete eradication is up to 43  % using this strategy. We hypothesize the addition of fundoplication should result in a lower recurrence rates after complete eradication. METHODS: Multi-institutional retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing endotherapy followed by Nissen fundoplication RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 underwent RFA    EMR followed by Nissen fundoplication. Complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM) was achieved in 26 (53  %) @entity1 , complete remission of @entity1141 (CR-D) in 16 (33  %) @entity1 , and 7 (14  %) had persistent neoplastic Barrett's. After fundoplication, 18/26 (70  %) remained in CR-IM. An additional 10/16 CR-D achieved CR-IM and 4/7 with persistent @entity1141 achieved CR-IM. One @entity1 progressed to LGD while no @entity1 developed HGD or @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy for @entity355 and/or intramucosal @entity5 followed by fundoplication results in similar durability of CR-IM to @entity1 being managed with PPIs alone after endoscopic therapy. However, fundoplication may be superior in preventing further progression of disease and the development of @entity5 . Fundoplication is an important strategy to achieve and maintain CR-IM, and facilitate eradication of persistent @entity1141 .

title: The Durability of Endoscopic Therapy for Treatment of XXXX , @entity1141 , and Mucosal Cancer After Nissen Fundoplication.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's and intramucosal cancer", 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's dysplasia", "Barrett's metaplasia"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's Metaplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)    endoscopic resection (EMR) is an established treatment strategy for neoplastic @entity5 . Most @entity1 are managed with proton pump inhibitors. The incidence of recurrent @entity355 , @entity1141 , or @entity5 after complete eradication is up to 43  % using this strategy. We hypothesize the addition of fundoplication should result in a lower recurrence rates after complete eradication. METHODS: Multi-institutional retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing endotherapy followed by Nissen fundoplication RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 underwent RFA    EMR followed by Nissen fundoplication. Complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM) was achieved in 26 (53  %) @entity1 , complete remission of @entity1141 (CR-D) in 16 (33  %) @entity1 , and 7 (14  %) had persistent neoplastic Barrett's. After fundoplication, 18/26 (70  %) remained in CR-IM. An additional 10/16 CR-D achieved CR-IM and 4/7 with persistent @entity1141 achieved CR-IM. One @entity1 progressed to LGD while no @entity1 developed HGD or @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy for @entity355 and/or intramucosal @entity5 followed by fundoplication results in similar durability of CR-IM to @entity1 being managed with PPIs alone after endoscopic therapy. However, fundoplication may be superior in preventing further progression of disease and the development of @entity5 . Fundoplication is an important strategy to achieve and maintain CR-IM, and facilitate eradication of persistent @entity1141 .

title: The Durability of Endoscopic Therapy for Treatment of @entity355 , XXXX , and Mucosal Cancer After Nissen Fundoplication.

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Dysplasia']


abstract: In a group of 95 @entity1 having cardiac operations with extracorporeal circulation, intravenous (IV) @entity2643 , administered in doses of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg, was used in the treatment of various perioperative @entity943 . Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 55 (61%) of 90 @entity1 with @entity943 , the other @entity1 showing a satisfactory slowing of their heart rate. Total suppression and control was obtained in 18 @entity1 with persistent @entity1540 associated with various @entity943 . @entity2643 was administered in five @entity1 with life-threatening @entity943 resistant to other antiarrhythmic agents: Suppression was obtained in one of two @entity1 with recurrent @entity1165 and control was achieved in three @entity1 with repetitive @entity1165 and @entity2224 , allowing the effective use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) needed for hemodynamic support. Seven @entity1 experienced minor side effects such as @entity390 or @entity1671 . No complete @entity713 was noted. Significant @entity551 occurred at the end of the IV injection in 17 (18%) @entity1 . In all but five @entity1 , hypotenion was transient, without clinical complications. In the five others, adrenergic drugs in four cases and IABP in one case were necessary. Those five @entity1 had marked @entity1283 with poor myocardial contractility. IV bolus injection of @entity2643 seems prohibited in such @entity1 ; constant infusion would be preferable.

title: Intravenous XXXX in the treatment of various @entity943 following cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['amiodarone']


abstract: In a group of 95 @entity1 having cardiac operations with extracorporeal circulation, intravenous (IV) @entity2643 , administered in doses of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg, was used in the treatment of various perioperative @entity943 . Conversion to sinus rhythm was achieved in 55 (61%) of 90 @entity1 with @entity943 , the other @entity1 showing a satisfactory slowing of their heart rate. Total suppression and control was obtained in 18 @entity1 with persistent @entity1540 associated with various @entity943 . @entity2643 was administered in five @entity1 with life-threatening @entity943 resistant to other antiarrhythmic agents: Suppression was obtained in one of two @entity1 with recurrent @entity1165 and control was achieved in three @entity1 with repetitive @entity1165 and @entity2224 , allowing the effective use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) needed for hemodynamic support. Seven @entity1 experienced minor side effects such as @entity390 or @entity1671 . No complete @entity713 was noted. Significant @entity551 occurred at the end of the IV injection in 17 (18%) @entity1 . In all but five @entity1 , hypotenion was transient, without clinical complications. In the five others, adrenergic drugs in four cases and IABP in one case were necessary. Those five @entity1 had marked @entity1283 with poor myocardial contractility. IV bolus injection of @entity2643 seems prohibited in such @entity1 ; constant infusion would be preferable.

title: Intravenous @entity2643 in the treatment of various XXXX following cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is widely used to treat @entity1031 , but monitoring in @entity1 is challenging. Both activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti- @entity6236 activity (anti-Xa) are utilized, but a comparison of dosing nomograms has not been reported in pediatrics. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of aPTT and anti-Xa for UFH monitoring in pediatric @entity1 . DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in @entity1  <=  21  years old treated with UFH at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 2009 to May 2011. For monitoring, an aPTT nomogram was used for the initial 15  months, and an anti-Xa nomogram was used for the subsequent 12  months. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 were monitored with aPTT and 26 patients with anti-Xa. There was no significant difference in median time to therapeutic range (11.6  h aPTT, 95%CI  =  6.0-17.0; 9.9  h anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  7.3-20.7) or per cent of @entity1 achieving therapeutic measurements at 24 (79% aPTT, 95%CI  =  62-91; 73% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  52-88) and 48  h (88% aPTT, 95%CI  =  73-97; 96% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  80-100). However, anti-Xa measurements were more frequently therapeutic than aPTT (74% [95%CI  =  69-78] vs. 54% [95%CI  =  50-59]). Variance between anti-Xa and aPTT measurements was high (R(2)   =  0.236). No significant difference was seen in bleeding incidence (9% aPTT, 95%CI  =  2-24; 15% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  4-35). CONCLUSION: The time to achieve therapeutic measures and bleeding outcomes were not significantly different between anti-Xa and aPTT nomograms. However, a small study size limits the power to detect clinically relevant differences. The results warrant larger prospective studies of UFH monitoring in @entity1 with @entity1031 .

title: Retrospective cohort study comparing activated partial thromboplastin time versus anti- XXXX activity nomograms for therapeutic unfractionated heparin monitoring in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

answer: @entity6236 :: (2159,Gene) :: ['factor Xa']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between weight change and healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs in English primary care @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) initiating treatment with a new @entity6 medication class. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 initiating a new @entity6 medication class (first-line, switch or add-on treatment) were selected from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Weight change (index date) was measured 6 months after initiating new treatment. HCRU was derived up to 1 year after index. Adjusted analyses evaluated the association between weight change and HCRU and costs ( @entity12489 , 2013 prices). RESULTS: Of 9031 @entity1 , about half (n = 4901) experienced < 3% weight change (weight neutral); the proportions gaining or losing weight were similar. Compared with the weight neutral group, @entity1017 was associated with significantly increased total costs within a year (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   58.9; p = 0.01, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   52.9; p = 0.04) and @entity6 primary care costs (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   29.2; p < 0.001, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   34.2; p < 0.001). This included increased rates of prescribing drugs for @entity6 and, in >=  5.5% @entity1017 , increased primary care contacts. A >=  5.5% weight loss was associated with increased hospital admissions (odds ratio = 1.4; p < 0.0001) and total costs (  126.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1017 after initiating a new @entity413 -lowering medication is associated with increased prescribing and contact with primary care clinicians, with increased costs in primary care and total spending. This study supports that @entity1017 in @entity6 is associated with increased healthcare costs.

title: Weight change and healthcare resource use in English @entity1 with XXXX initiating a new @entity6 medication class.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between weight change and healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs in English primary care @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) initiating treatment with a new @entity6 medication class. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 initiating a new @entity6 medication class (first-line, switch or add-on treatment) were selected from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Weight change (index date) was measured 6 months after initiating new treatment. HCRU was derived up to 1 year after index. Adjusted analyses evaluated the association between weight change and HCRU and costs ( @entity12489 , 2013 prices). RESULTS: Of 9031 @entity1 , about half (n = 4901) experienced < 3% weight change (weight neutral); the proportions gaining or losing weight were similar. Compared with the weight neutral group, @entity1017 was associated with significantly increased total costs within a year (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   58.9; p = 0.01, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   52.9; p = 0.04) and @entity6 primary care costs (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   29.2; p < 0.001, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   34.2; p < 0.001). This included increased rates of prescribing drugs for @entity6 and, in >=  5.5% @entity1017 , increased primary care contacts. A >=  5.5% weight loss was associated with increased hospital admissions (odds ratio = 1.4; p < 0.0001) and total costs (  126.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1017 after initiating a new @entity413 -lowering medication is associated with increased prescribing and contact with primary care clinicians, with increased costs in primary care and total spending. This study supports that @entity1017 in @entity6 is associated with increased healthcare costs.

title: Weight change and healthcare resource use in English @entity1 with @entity6 initiating a new XXXX medication class.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between weight change and healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs in English primary care @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) initiating treatment with a new @entity6 medication class. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 initiating a new @entity6 medication class (first-line, switch or add-on treatment) were selected from Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Weight change (index date) was measured 6 months after initiating new treatment. HCRU was derived up to 1 year after index. Adjusted analyses evaluated the association between weight change and HCRU and costs ( @entity12489 , 2013 prices). RESULTS: Of 9031 @entity1 , about half (n = 4901) experienced < 3% weight change (weight neutral); the proportions gaining or losing weight were similar. Compared with the weight neutral group, @entity1017 was associated with significantly increased total costs within a year (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   58.9; p = 0.01, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   52.9; p = 0.04) and @entity6 primary care costs (3.0-5.4% @entity1017 :   29.2; p < 0.001, >=  5.5% @entity1017 :   34.2; p < 0.001). This included increased rates of prescribing drugs for @entity6 and, in >=  5.5% @entity1017 , increased primary care contacts. A >=  5.5% weight loss was associated with increased hospital admissions (odds ratio = 1.4; p < 0.0001) and total costs (  126.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1017 after initiating a new @entity413 -lowering medication is associated with increased prescribing and contact with primary care clinicians, with increased costs in primary care and total spending. This study supports that @entity1017 in @entity6 is associated with increased healthcare costs.

title: Weight change and healthcare resource use in English XXXX with @entity6 initiating a new @entity6 medication class.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Planning and evaluating @entity311 control strategies relies on accurate definition of parasite prevalence in the population. A large proportion of asymptomatic @entity281 can only be identified by surveillance with molecular methods, yet these @entity281 also contribute to onward transmission to mosquitoes. The sensitivity of molecular detection by PCR is limited by the abundance of the target sequence in a DNA sample; thus, detection becomes imperfect at low densities. We aimed to increase PCR diagnostic sensitivity by targeting multi-copy genomic sequences for reliable detection of low-density @entity281 , and investigated the impact of these PCR assays on community prevalence data. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Two quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed for ultra-sensitive detection of @entity3964 , targeting the high-copy telomere-associated repetitive element 2 (TARE-2,    250 copies/genome) and the var gene acidic terminal sequence (varATS, 59 copies/genome). Our assays reached a limit of detection of 0.03 to 0.15 parasites/ l blood and were 10* more sensitive than standard 18S rRNA qPCR. In a population cross-sectional study in Tanzania, 295/498 samples tested positive using ultra-sensitive assays. Light microscopy missed 169 @entity281 (57%). 18S rRNA qPCR failed to identify 48 @entity281 (16%), of which 40% carried gametocytes detected by pfs25 quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. To judge the suitability of the TARE-2 and varATS assays for high-throughput screens, their performance was tested on sample pools. Both ultra-sensitive assays correctly detected all pools containing one low-density @entity3964 -positive sample, which went undetected by 18S rRNA qPCR, among nine negatives. TARE-2 and varATS qPCRs improve estimates of prevalence rates, yet other @entity281 might still remain undetected when absent in the limited blood volume sampled. CONCLUSIONS: Measured @entity311 prevalence in communities is largely determined by the sensitivity of the diagnostic tool used. Even when applying standard molecular diagnostics, prevalence in our study population was underestimated by 8% compared to the new assays. Our findings highlight the need for highly sensitive tools such as TARE-2 and varATS qPCR in community surveillance and for monitoring interventions to better describe @entity311 epidemiology and inform @entity311 elimination efforts.

title: Ultra-Sensitive Detection of XXXX by Amplification of Multi-Copy Subtelomeric Targets.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'parasite infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: @entity172 receptors (ERs) are overexpressed in approximately 70% of @entity0 cases, and they play an important role in tumorigenesis. ERs are strong predictive factors for measuring responses to hormonal therapies. Aptamers are short and single stranded oligonucleotides that are able to recognize target molecules with high affinity. In the present study, we selected and synthesized an oligonucleotide, which has a similar sequence to @entity172 response element in the @entity1238 @entity55728 gene. The synthesized oligonucleotide was evaluated by using immunostaining of paraffin-embedded @entity0 tissues and treating MCF-7 @entity1 mammary @entity189 cell line in vitro. We found that the synthesized oligonucleotide had a high binding affinity to ER similar to @entity53 . Using a specific anti-ER antibody as a standard control, we showed that the synthesized oligonucleotide specifically recognized and immunostained @entity5 cells of @entity0 without cross-reaction with normal tissues. The overall agreement of ER detection between the anti-ER antibody and the ER aptamer was 97.1% (kappa value=0.943; 95% CI=0.879-1.006; p<0.002). Similar to @entity440 or @entity1299 , the oligonucleotide also had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of MCF-7 cell line in a dose- and time-dependent fashion but had no cytotoxic effect on @entity1 normal mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, the synthesized oligonucleotide may be used as an aptamer for immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections for @entity0 diagnosis, as well as a potential ER antagonist in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: Using a sequence of XXXX response elements as a DNA aptamer for @entity172 receptors in vitro.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvestrant']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity172 receptors (ERs) are overexpressed in approximately 70% of @entity0 cases, and they play an important role in tumorigenesis. ERs are strong predictive factors for measuring responses to hormonal therapies. Aptamers are short and single stranded oligonucleotides that are able to recognize target molecules with high affinity. In the present study, we selected and synthesized an oligonucleotide, which has a similar sequence to @entity172 response element in the @entity1238 @entity55728 gene. The synthesized oligonucleotide was evaluated by using immunostaining of paraffin-embedded @entity0 tissues and treating MCF-7 @entity1 mammary @entity189 cell line in vitro. We found that the synthesized oligonucleotide had a high binding affinity to ER similar to @entity53 . Using a specific anti-ER antibody as a standard control, we showed that the synthesized oligonucleotide specifically recognized and immunostained @entity5 cells of @entity0 without cross-reaction with normal tissues. The overall agreement of ER detection between the anti-ER antibody and the ER aptamer was 97.1% (kappa value=0.943; 95% CI=0.879-1.006; p<0.002). Similar to @entity440 or @entity1299 , the oligonucleotide also had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of MCF-7 cell line in a dose- and time-dependent fashion but had no cytotoxic effect on @entity1 normal mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, the synthesized oligonucleotide may be used as an aptamer for immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections for @entity0 diagnosis, as well as a potential ER antagonist in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: Using a sequence of @entity172 response elements as a DNA aptamer for XXXX receptors in vitro.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Serum @entity165 , both total and lipoprotein fractions, has been associated with mid- and late-life @entity308 . Using longitudinal data on a large and ethnically diverse sample of urban adults, the associations of serum lipid profile measured by high or low total @entity165 (TC; >200   mg   dl(-1); <160   mg   dl(-1)) and by atherogenic indices, namely high total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 relative to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , with change in total and domain-specific @entity308 over time were examined. Findings were compared by sex. (Hypothesis 1) In addition, baseline @entity308 as predictors for longitudinal change in lipid profile trajectory were tested. (Hypothesis 2) Mixed-effects regression analyses stratified by sex was used. Sample sizes of @entity1 (n) and repeated observations (n') were: Hypothesis 1 ( @entity1 : n=826 ; n'=1319; @entity1 : n=1099 ; n'=1817); Hypothesis 2 ( @entity1 : n=738; n'=1230; @entity1 : n=964; n'=1678). As hypothesized, a higher level of atherogenic indices was linked to faster increase in @entity308 symptom scores, particularly @entity308 affect and interpersonal problems, though this relationship was found only among @entity1 . Among @entity1 a U-shaped relationship between baseline TC and longitudinal increase in somatic complaints and a direct link between low TC and longitudinal putative improvement in positive affect was found. On excluding statin users among @entity1 , low TC was associated with slower increase in @entity308 affect over time, whereas high TC was associated with faster increase in interpersonal problems. In summary, atherogenic indices were directly linked to faster increase in @entity308 among @entity1 only. More studies are needed to explain these sex-specific associations.

title: Total serum @entity165 , atherogenic indices and their longitudinal association with XXXX among US adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: Serum @entity165 , both total and lipoprotein fractions, has been associated with mid- and late-life @entity308 . Using longitudinal data on a large and ethnically diverse sample of urban adults, the associations of serum lipid profile measured by high or low total @entity165 (TC; >200   mg   dl(-1); <160   mg   dl(-1)) and by atherogenic indices, namely high total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 relative to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , with change in total and domain-specific @entity308 over time were examined. Findings were compared by sex. (Hypothesis 1) In addition, baseline @entity308 as predictors for longitudinal change in lipid profile trajectory were tested. (Hypothesis 2) Mixed-effects regression analyses stratified by sex was used. Sample sizes of @entity1 (n) and repeated observations (n') were: Hypothesis 1 ( @entity1 : n=826 ; n'=1319; @entity1 : n=1099 ; n'=1817); Hypothesis 2 ( @entity1 : n=738; n'=1230; @entity1 : n=964; n'=1678). As hypothesized, a higher level of atherogenic indices was linked to faster increase in @entity308 symptom scores, particularly @entity308 affect and interpersonal problems, though this relationship was found only among @entity1 . Among @entity1 a U-shaped relationship between baseline TC and longitudinal increase in somatic complaints and a direct link between low TC and longitudinal putative improvement in positive affect was found. On excluding statin users among @entity1 , low TC was associated with slower increase in @entity308 affect over time, whereas high TC was associated with faster increase in interpersonal problems. In summary, atherogenic indices were directly linked to faster increase in @entity308 among @entity1 only. More studies are needed to explain these sex-specific associations.

title: Total serum XXXX , atherogenic indices and their longitudinal association with @entity308 among US adults.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To evaluate the frequency, risk factors, and clinical significance of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) found after radiofrequency (RF) ablation for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study. Between March 2005 and December 2010, 539 @entity1 (414 @entity1 , 125 @entity1 ; mean age, 57.91 years; age range, 30-82 years) underwent ultrasonography-guided percutaneous RF ablation as a first-line treatment for a single @entity157 classified as @entity96 ( @entity96 ) stage 0 or A. @entity146 of @entity157 was defined as (a) initial @entity5 recurrence with disease-free status at least 6 months after initial RF ablation and (b) the simultaneous development of multiple nodular (at least three) or infiltrative @entity5 recurrence in the treated segment. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: those with @entity146 (n = 20) and those without @entity146 (n = 519) during follow-up. Risk factors for @entity146 were assessed with logistic regression analysis, and risk factors for long-term overall survival were assessed with time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models. Results In a median follow-up period of 49 months (range, 6-95 months), @entity146 was observed in 3.7% of the @entity1 (20 of 539 @entity1 ), with the frequency increasing to 15% in the subgroup with periportal @entity157 (11 of 72 @entity1 ). AIRs manifested as either multiple nodular type (n = 14, @entity96 stage A or B) or diffusely infiltrative type with @entity5 thrombus formation (n = 6, @entity96 stage C). At multivariate analysis, @entity5 location and younger @entity1 age were significant risk factors for @entity146 . The presence of @entity146 during the follow-up period has a significant effect on the overall survival rate (hazard ratio = 5.72, P = .002). Conclusion The overall frequency of @entity146 after RF ablation for @entity157 was low, with periportal location and @entity1 age showing a significant relationship to the development of @entity146 . The occurrence of @entity146 had an adverse effect on overall survival rate. (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: Aggressive Intrasegmental Recurrence of XXXX after Radiofrequency Ablation: Risk Factors and Clinical Significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer', 'BCLC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'periportal tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive intrasegmental recurrence', 'AIR']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']