abstract: PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) following endovascular repair of a @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) that had been treated with a stent-graft 3 years prior. CASE REPORT: A 68-year-old @entity1 with a 3-year-old Vanguard bifurcated aortic stent-graft experienced @entity615 and collapse. @entity1756 documented by computed tomography was due to dislocation of the left graft limb. A Talent aortomonoiliac graft was deployed, followed by a femorofemoral bypass. No endoleak was evident. A few hours later, the @entity1 became oliguric and hemodynamically unstable. Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was recorded. Abdominal decompression was performed, removing 1500 mL of blood from the retroperitoneum through an 18-cm lumbotomy; the peritoneum was opened, and another 500 mL of blood was aspirated. The IAP fell immediately, followed by diuresis a few hours later. The @entity1 recovered and was discharged after 27 days. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the perioperative complications seen after conventional @entity1755 repair are also encountered after endovascular treatment. @entity8479 requires urgent decompression, and less invasive approaches, such as translumbar extraperitoneal decompression, may be a good alternative to a midline laparotomy.

title: Translumbar extraperitoneal decompression for XXXX after endovascular treatment of a ruptured AAA.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sudden back pain']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity8479 :: (MESH:D059325,Disease) :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']


abstract: Studies of the mushroom bodies of @entity238 have suggested that their gamma lobes specifically support short-term memory, whereas their vertical lobes are essential for long-term memory. Developmental studies have demonstrated that the @entity238 gamma lobe, like its equivalent in the cockroach @entity564 , is supplied by a special class of intrinsic neuron-the clawed Kenyon cells-that are the first to differentiate during early development. To date, however, no account identifies a corresponding lobe in the @entity5157 , another taxon used extensively for learning and memory research. Received opinion is that, in this taxon, each of the mushroom body lobes comprises three parallel divisions representing one of three concentric zones of the calyces, called the lip, collar, and basal ring. The present account shows that, although these zones are represented in the lobes, they occupy only two thirds of the vertical lobe. Its lowermost third receives the axons of the clawed class II Kenyon cells, which are the first to differentiate during early development and which represent the whole calyx. This component of the lobe is anatomically and developmentally equivalent to the gamma lobe of @entity238 and has been here named the gamma lobe of the @entity5157 . A new class of intrinsic neurons, originating from perikarya distant from the mushroom body, provides a second system of parallel fibers from the calyx to the gamma lobe. A region immediately beneath the calyces, called the neck, is invaded by these neurons as well as by a third class of intrinsic cell that provides connections within the neck of the pedunculus and the basal ring of the calyces. In the @entity5157 , the gamma lobe is extensively supplied by afferents from the protocerebrum and gives rise to a distinctive class of efferent neurons. The terminals of these efferents target protocerebral neuropils that are distinct from those receiving efferents from divisions of the vertical lobe that represent the lip, collar, and basal ring. The identification of a gamma lobe unites the mushroom bodies of evolutionarily divergent taxa. The present findings suggest the need for critical reinterpretation of studies that have been predicated on early descriptions of the mushroom body's lobes.

title: Organization of the XXXX mushroom body: representation of the calyx within the vertical and gamma lobes.

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity5157 :: (7460,Species) :: ['honey bee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: What is known of neonatal outcomes associated with maternal @entity28 is limited. The impact on the preterm neonate, delivery room (DR) course and need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission has not been well established. METHODS: A review was done of our 17 county perinatal regions from the New York State Perinatal Data System database over the 3-year period of 1 January 2010-31 December 2012 for mother/baby dyad information for all live births 34-36 6/7 weeks' gestation. The National Institutes of Health body mass index (BMI) classification was used for maternal BMI with the category definitions of underweight, normal, overweight, @entity28 Level I, @entity28 Level II, and @entity28 Level III. RESULTS: Information was obtained on 2155 @entity1 . In this group, 29% had @entity28 BMIs. The incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity6 during gestation and cesarean delivery (CD) in @entity28 mothers was significantly different from normal weight mothers, P<0.001. More @entity1 of Level III mothers required DR resuscitation when compared with @entity1 of normal BMI mothers, 36 vs 16%, P <0.001. The need for assisted ventilation beyond 6   h of age and need for NICU admission was more likely in @entity1 of Level III mothers, P<0.001. @entity1 in all of the @entity28 subgroups had preterm @entity1 with increased birth weights (BWs) compared with preterm @entity1 of normal weight mothers, P<0.001. DISCUSSION: Late preterm @entity1 @entity28 mothers are more likely to be delivered by cesarean section and have larger BWs. We found that @entity1 @entity28 Level III mothers are much more likely to require assisted ventilation in the DR and NICU admission.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 30 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.107.

title: XXXX : significance on the preterm neonate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'born to obese', 'obese']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Maternal obesity']


abstract: Gram-negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceaespecies have become an increasing etiologic agent of @entity580 . The development of resistance to carbapenems have become an increasing problem in the treatment of @entity580 . Especially carbapenamases are common for Enterobacteriaceae strains. This study was performed to detect the types of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from various clinical samples. Enterobacteriaceae species were isolated from urine, blood, tracheal aspirates, wound, and other respiratory samples. Susceptibility of isolates to @entity2892 , @entity2889 and @entity6543 was tested. Carbapenemase genes were studied using HyplexSuperBug ID kit. @entity2277 (1-13), IMP (1-22), NDM-1, @entity24197 (1-10) and OXA-48 genes were investigated. Ninety-five isolates of Enterobacteriaceae spp. were included in the study. Sixty isolates were resistant to @entity2892 , @entity2889 and @entity6543 and 20 isolates were found resistant to @entity2892 or @entity6543 while 15 were susceptible to all carbapenems. Among the isolates with @entity2893 resistance, 57 were positive for one carbapenemase gene and susceptible isolates did not have carbapenemase gene. OXA-48 was found in 49 of the isolates (86%), NDM-1 in 6 (10.5%) isolates, @entity2277 in 2 isolates. IMP and @entity24197 gene loci were not identified. Carbapenemase genes play a crucial rolein the development and spread of resistant strains.

title: Investigation of @entity2277 , IMP, NDM-1, XXXX AND OXA-48 enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae strains.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity6543 :: ('MESH:C446479', 'Chemical') :: ['ertapenem']

answer: @entity24197 :: (MESH:C565455,Disease) :: ['KPC']


abstract: Gram-negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceaespecies have become an increasing etiologic agent of @entity580 . The development of resistance to carbapenems have become an increasing problem in the treatment of @entity580 . Especially carbapenamases are common for Enterobacteriaceae strains. This study was performed to detect the types of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from various clinical samples. Enterobacteriaceae species were isolated from urine, blood, tracheal aspirates, wound, and other respiratory samples. Susceptibility of isolates to @entity2892 , @entity2889 and @entity6543 was tested. Carbapenemase genes were studied using HyplexSuperBug ID kit. @entity2277 (1-13), IMP (1-22), NDM-1, @entity24197 (1-10) and OXA-48 genes were investigated. Ninety-five isolates of Enterobacteriaceae spp. were included in the study. Sixty isolates were resistant to @entity2892 , @entity2889 and @entity6543 and 20 isolates were found resistant to @entity2892 or @entity6543 while 15 were susceptible to all carbapenems. Among the isolates with @entity2893 resistance, 57 were positive for one carbapenemase gene and susceptible isolates did not have carbapenemase gene. OXA-48 was found in 49 of the isolates (86%), NDM-1 in 6 (10.5%) isolates, @entity2277 in 2 isolates. IMP and @entity24197 gene loci were not identified. Carbapenemase genes play a crucial rolein the development and spread of resistant strains.

title: Investigation of XXXX , IMP, NDM-1, @entity24197 AND OXA-48 enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae strains.

answer: @entity2277 :: (7431,Gene) :: ['VIM']


abstract: We report our experience with anterograde balloon valvuloplasty in 17 neonates treated between November 1996 and June 2001 for critical @entity472 . @entity1 with @entity1699 were excluded. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty of the aortic valve was possible in all 17 @entity1 . The mean peak systolic gradient prior to cardiac catheterization was 73 mm Hg (range, 30-117 mm Hg) and decreased to 37 mm Hg (range, 21-60 mm Hg) after the dilation. @entity337 after balloon valvoplasty was absent or mild in 14/17 @entity1 , moderate in 2 @entity1 , and severe in 1 @entity1 . There was no mortality or echocardiographic evidence for aortic cusp perforation or @entity339 associated with the procedure. Redilation was necessary in 3/17 @entity1 . Two @entity1 are awaiting elective Ross operation. One @entity1 with @entity11459 died at 11 months of age. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty can be safely and effectively performed to palliate neonates with critical @entity472 .

title: Anterograde balloon valvuloplasty for the treatment of neonatal critical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['valvar aortic stenosis']


abstract: In all species studied, fertilization induces intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) oscillations required for oocyte activation and embryonic development. This species-specific pattern has not been studied in the @entity1641 , partly due to the difficulties linked to in vitro fertilization in this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to investigate fertilization-induced [ @entity141 ]i signaling and, possibly, ascertain problems linked to the success of this technology in the @entity1641 . In vivo- and in vitro-matured mare oocytes were injected with a single motile stallion sperm. Few oocytes displayed [ @entity141 ]i responses regardless of oocyte source and we hypothesized that this may result from insufficient release of the sperm-borne active molecule (sperm factor) into the oocyte. However, permeabilization of sperm membranes with Triton-X or by sonication did not alleviate the deficient [ @entity141 ]i responses in mare oocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that a step downstream of release, possibly required for sperm factor function, is not appropriately accomplished in @entity1641 oocytes. To test this, ICSI-fertilized @entity1641 oocytes were fused to unfertilized @entity19 oocytes, which are known to respond with [ @entity141 ]i oscillations to injection of stallion sperm, and [ @entity141 ]i monitoring was performed. Such pairs consistently displayed [ @entity141 ]i responses demonstrating that the sperm factor is appropriately released into the ooplasm of @entity1641 oocytes, but that these are unable to activate and/or provide the appropriate substrate that is required for the sperm factor delivered by ICSI to initiate oscillations. These findings may have implications to improve the success of ICSI in the @entity1641 and other livestock species.

title: Patterns of intracellular calcium oscillations in XXXX oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: possible explanations for the low success of this assisted reproduction technique in the @entity1641 .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: In all species studied, fertilization induces intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) oscillations required for oocyte activation and embryonic development. This species-specific pattern has not been studied in the @entity1641 , partly due to the difficulties linked to in vitro fertilization in this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to investigate fertilization-induced [ @entity141 ]i signaling and, possibly, ascertain problems linked to the success of this technology in the @entity1641 . In vivo- and in vitro-matured mare oocytes were injected with a single motile stallion sperm. Few oocytes displayed [ @entity141 ]i responses regardless of oocyte source and we hypothesized that this may result from insufficient release of the sperm-borne active molecule (sperm factor) into the oocyte. However, permeabilization of sperm membranes with Triton-X or by sonication did not alleviate the deficient [ @entity141 ]i responses in mare oocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that a step downstream of release, possibly required for sperm factor function, is not appropriately accomplished in @entity1641 oocytes. To test this, ICSI-fertilized @entity1641 oocytes were fused to unfertilized @entity19 oocytes, which are known to respond with [ @entity141 ]i oscillations to injection of stallion sperm, and [ @entity141 ]i monitoring was performed. Such pairs consistently displayed [ @entity141 ]i responses demonstrating that the sperm factor is appropriately released into the ooplasm of @entity1641 oocytes, but that these are unable to activate and/or provide the appropriate substrate that is required for the sperm factor delivered by ICSI to initiate oscillations. These findings may have implications to improve the success of ICSI in the @entity1641 and other livestock species.

title: Patterns of intracellular calcium oscillations in @entity1641 oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: possible explanations for the low success of this assisted reproduction technique in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previously developed assay for detection of the @entity5337 mutation ( @entity21801 ) based on a nucleic acid photo-cross-linking technology used two allele-specific capture probes and six @entity941 -modified signal-generating reporter probes. We wished to improve the sensitivity and performance of the method. METHODS: We developed new reporter probes with approximately 10-fold more @entity941 molecules than the original probes. The single, cross-linker-modified capture probe was replaced by a three-probe system, separating the probe-target cross-linking function and the allelic differentiation function. The capture probe cross-linked to either or both of two flanking probes through stem structures at the capture-probe/flanking-probe junctions. The flanking probes cross-linked to target DNA through two cross-linking sites each. Genomic DNA was extracted from 0.2 mL of whole blood and restriction-enzyme digested to create a defined 677 bp target sequence. Preliminary genotype ranges were determined for the assay by testing of pre-typed samples. We then tested 1054 clinical samples, using an automated sample processor. RESULTS: The new assay had a 10-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio. Genotype results for 1039 of 1054 clinical samples (98.6%) agreed with those of a PCR-based method. Of the 15 remaining samples, 10 produced an indeterminate result outside the defined genotype ranges, 2 yielded insufficient signal to be genotyped, and 3 gave a discordant result. All 15 samples were genotyped correctly after re-extraction of genomic DNA and retesting. CONCLUSION: The modified photo-cross-linking assay for @entity5337 detection is a sensitive non-PCR-based assay with potential for use in high-throughput clinical laboratories.

title: Detection of the XXXX mutation by a modified photo-cross-linking oligonucleotide hybridization assay.

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expression of the @entity141 -binding protein calbindin-D(28k) was analyzed in @entity2946 in relation to clinical features and other biologic markers related to cell proliferation, differentiation, @entity876 , and cerebellar developmental regulated gene expression. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was carried out on histologic slides from a first retrospective series of 29 nonmetastatic and 10 metastatic @entity2946 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues, using specific antibodies against calbindin-D(28k), calretinin, alpha-parvalbumin and beta-parvalbumin, and S100 proteins. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects and/or guardians. Other biologic markers for differentiation, cell proliferation, the expression of the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene protein, and cerebellar developmental regulated genes were similarly investigated. A second series of 16 @entity2946 from young @entity1 (younger than 15 years) was added in order to validate the results obtained in the first series. RESULTS: Of all the markers investigated, only calbindin-D(28k) was significantly associated with prognosis. Survival and remission (i.e. recurrence free) time analysis performed on all the cases (n = 55) confirmed a high risk of @entity204 (P = 0.004) and recurrence (P = 0.003) associated with calbindin-positivity. As calbindin-positivity was predominantly observed in @entity5 from young @entity1 , the authors confirmed its prognostic value in the subgroup of @entity1 younger than 15 years (n = 37). Cox regression analysis showed a significant and independent prognostic value for calbindin expression and, to a lesser extent, the type of surgery (total or subtotal). Three risk groups were thus identified, distinguishing among the cases characterized by a total resection and calbindin-negativity (good prognosis), by a subtotal resection and calbindin-negativity (intermediary), and by calbindin-positivity (bad prognosis). CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that @entity2946 represent a subclass of aggressive @entity5 more frequently seen in younger @entity1 .

title: Calbindin-d(28k): a marker of recurrence for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas', 'calbindin-positive medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Avoidance of activity is hypothesized to lead to @entity425 and consequently, to @entity717 . This study was undertaken to validate the avoidance model by providing evidence for the mediating role of @entity425 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: Data on avoidance of activity, observed @entity717 , and muscle strength of the knee in 107 @entity1 with knee @entity571 were analyzed. A series of regression analyses was performed to establish the mediating role of @entity425 . First, the effect of avoidance of activity on the level of disability was assessed. Next, the relationship between avoidance of activity and muscle strength was established. Finally, the mediating role of muscle strength could be established if the effect of avoidance of activity on disability decreased when muscle strength was taken into account. RESULTS: Initially, avoidance of activity accounted for 21.5% of variance in disability. Avoidance of activity also accounted for 3.9% of variance in muscle strength. After muscle strength was taken into account, the variance in disability accounted for by avoidance of activity was reduced from 21.5% to 15.7%. Thus, the criteria for establishing the mediating role of muscle strength were met. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence for the mediating role of @entity425 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and disability in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Avoidance of activity and disability in @entity1 with XXXX of the knee: the mediating role of muscle strength.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Avoidance of activity is hypothesized to lead to @entity425 and consequently, to @entity717 . This study was undertaken to validate the avoidance model by providing evidence for the mediating role of @entity425 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee. METHODS: Data on avoidance of activity, observed @entity717 , and muscle strength of the knee in 107 @entity1 with knee @entity571 were analyzed. A series of regression analyses was performed to establish the mediating role of @entity425 . First, the effect of avoidance of activity on the level of disability was assessed. Next, the relationship between avoidance of activity and muscle strength was established. Finally, the mediating role of muscle strength could be established if the effect of avoidance of activity on disability decreased when muscle strength was taken into account. RESULTS: Initially, avoidance of activity accounted for 21.5% of variance in disability. Avoidance of activity also accounted for 3.9% of variance in muscle strength. After muscle strength was taken into account, the variance in disability accounted for by avoidance of activity was reduced from 21.5% to 15.7%. Thus, the criteria for establishing the mediating role of muscle strength were met. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence for the mediating role of @entity425 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and disability in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Avoidance of activity and disability in XXXX with @entity571 of the knee: the mediating role of muscle strength.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity75 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity9808 in 51 @entity1 with @entity746 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity4681 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity9808 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity1 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity1 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity1 (76%). @entity9808 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity1 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity1 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity746 . @entity9808 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of XXXX of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in @entity746 ( @entity746 ).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['LMN lesions']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['UMN dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity9808 :: (MESH:C536917,Disease) :: ['transcranial magnetic stimulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity75 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity9808 in 51 @entity1 with @entity746 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity4681 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity9808 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity1 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity1 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity1 (76%). @entity9808 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity1 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity1 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity746 . @entity9808 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of @entity9808 of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in XXXX ( @entity746 ).

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity75 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity9808 in 51 @entity1 with @entity746 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity4681 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity9808 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity1 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity1 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity1 (76%). @entity9808 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity1 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity1 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity746 . @entity9808 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of @entity9808 of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in @entity746 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['ALS']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity850 is a significant complication of radiotherapy for @entity263 . Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced @entity3832 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced @entity850 from January 2004 to November 2013. @entity1 had a minimum follow-up of 12  months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12  months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo @entity322 , de novo @entity323 and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity1 , 20 and 15 had @entity850 related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5  cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 @entity1 (65.7  %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0  %) or penile island flap (14.3  %). With 50.5  months of follow-up, thirty @entity1 (85.7  %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p  =  0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4  % was observed (all Clavien 1-2) with no difference between techniques (p  =  1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7  % of @entity1 (13.3  % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4  % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of radiation-induced @entity850 yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced @entity3832 is not an isolated problem as many @entity1 suffer from storage symptoms, @entity323 or @entity322 as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.

title: Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for XXXX after radiation therapy for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['bulbomembranous urethral stenoses', 'urethral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Bulbomembranous stenosis', 'bulbomembranous stenosis', 'stenosis', 'bulbomembranous stenoses']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['bulbomembranous stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity850 is a significant complication of radiotherapy for @entity263 . Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced @entity3832 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced @entity850 from January 2004 to November 2013. @entity1 had a minimum follow-up of 12  months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12  months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo @entity322 , de novo @entity323 and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity1 , 20 and 15 had @entity850 related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5  cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 @entity1 (65.7  %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0  %) or penile island flap (14.3  %). With 50.5  months of follow-up, thirty @entity1 (85.7  %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p  =  0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4  % was observed (all Clavien 1-2) with no difference between techniques (p  =  1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7  % of @entity1 (13.3  % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4  % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of radiation-induced @entity850 yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced @entity3832 is not an isolated problem as many @entity1 suffer from storage symptoms, @entity323 or @entity322 as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.

title: Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for @entity850 after radiation therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Meniscectomy in the older @entity1 remains a controversial topic. The aim of our study is to assess the mid-term outcome of arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy in @entity1 over fifty years of age and attempt to retrospectively identify symptoms and/or findings on examination which can differentiate between non-degenerative medial @entity937 versus @entity179 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 over the age of fifty who had undergone arthroscopic medial partial meniscectomy, were reviewed. The average age was 60 (51-74 yrs) and the average follow-up was six years (3-7 yrs). Based upon the intra-operative findings, @entity1 were divided into two groups: (1) @entity179 ( @entity179 ; n = 12) and (2) @entity179 ( @entity179 ; n = 20). Our outcome measurements were with the @entity8221 knee score, a satisfaction score, and weight-bearing X-rays. RESULTS: In the @entity179 group, eleven @entity1 were rated excellent or good, and one was rated poor. In the @entity179 group, three @entity1 were rated as excellent or good, eight as fair, and nine as poor. The @entity8221 score was 97 +/- 4.6 for the @entity179 group and 85 +/- 9.5 for the @entity179 group. The average satisfaction score was 9.2 +/- 0.7 (very satisfied) for the @entity179 group and 5.8 +/- 2.6 (fairly satisfied) for the @entity179 group. There was no significant difference between the @entity179 and the @entity179 groups with regards to pre-operative symptoms and signs, except for the McMurray sign, which was found to be positive in 83% of @entity179 cases versus 25% of @entity179 cases (sensitivity = 83%). Using only these data, the McMurray sign was 67% specific for @entity179 . CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic medial meniscectomy in older @entity1 provides 90% good results six years after a non-degenerative @entity937 , but only 20% of good results after a degenerative @entity937 . However, based on this study, neither symptoms nor physical examination are able to differentiate between traumatic @entity937 and @entity179 in older @entity1 . A positive McMurray's sign favors the diagnosis of a traumatic tear. However, a specificity of this test of only 67% as shown in our data questions its utility in clinical decision-making.

title: Medial meniscectomy in XXXX over the age of fifty: a six year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'degenerative meniscal changes', 'NDM', 'non-degenerative meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears', 'meniscal tear']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of induced @entity551 anesthesia on length of hospital stay (LOS) for  @entity1 undergoing maxillary Le @entity196 in isolation or in combination with mandibular orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study design was implemented and @entity1 undergoing a Le @entity196 as a component of orthognathic surgery at the Mayo Clinic from 2010 through 2014 were identified. The primary predictor variable was the presence of induced @entity551 anesthesia during orthognathic surgery. @entity551 anesthesia was defined as at least 10 consecutive minutes of a mean arterial pressure no higher than 60  mmHg documented within the anesthetic record. The primary outcome variable was LOS in hours after completion of orthognathic surgery. The secondary outcome variable was the duration of surgery in hours. Multiple covariates also abstracted included @entity1 age, @entity1 gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, complexity of surgical procedure, and volume of intraoperative fluids administered during surgery. Univariable and multivariable models were developed to evaluate associations between the primary predictor variable and covariates relative to the primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity1 were identified undergoing Le Fort I orthognathic surgery in isolation or in combination with mandibular surgery. Induced @entity551 anesthesia was significantly associated with shortened LOS (odds ratio [OR]  = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.88; P  = .026) relative to @entity1 with normotensive regimens. This association between @entity551 anesthesia and LOS remained statistically significant in a subgroup analysis of 47 @entity1 in whom isolated Le Fort I surgery was performed (OR  = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.62; P  = .010). Induced @entity551 anesthesia was not statistically associated with shorter duration of surgery. CONCLUSION: Induced @entity551 anesthesia represents a potential factor that minimizes postoperative LOS for @entity1 undergoing routine maxillary orthognathic surgery alone or in combination with mandibular procedures. @entity551 anesthesia does not appear to be effective in minimizing the duration of surgery within this same @entity1 population.

title: XXXX Anesthesia Is Associated With Shortened Length of Hospital Stay Following Orthognathic Surgery.

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Fort I osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is a rare @entity5 and well-established treatment protocols for it are in short supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment modalities and explore the prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 48 @entity1 with primary @entity320 treated in the authors' hospital from January 1992 to November 2013. The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities were identified and correlated with the outcomes. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was 56.1%, and the rate of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 was 46% (22 of 48). A @entity5 of at least 4  cm  (P  = .001), nodular types (P  = .003), and @entity1600 (P < .0001) were independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 . Twenty-five @entity1 died during follow-up, mainly from to neck recurrence (14 of 25). Chemotherapy significantly improved the 5-year @entity1349 rate in @entity1 with stage IV @entity320 (P  = .03), but not in those with stage III (P  = .8). CONCLUSIONS: @entity320 has a lower @entity1600 and distant @entity3 rate and a better prognosis than other @entity3136 . A long history of melanin pigmentation is a dangerous sign for all @entity1 , and smoking seems to be associated with @entity320 in male @entity1 . @entity5 size (>= 4  cm), nodular type, and @entity1600 positivity are poor prognostic factors. A wide excision with close observation is advocated as the primary treatment for stage III @entity320 . Adjuvant chemotherapy is useful for @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 , but not for those with stage III.

title: Primary XXXX of the Lip: A Report of 48 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['CLN', 'cervical lymph node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Lip melanoma', 'LM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: Because @entity2600 ( @entity2600 , Camptosar) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with a broad spectrum of antitumor clinical activity, we investigated its activity in relapsed or @entity1893 (NHLs). Irinotecan at 300 mg/m2 i.v. was administered every 21 days with intensive @entity3062 management of @entity294 . Responders received up to six treatment cycles. Of 44 registered @entity1 , 32 are evaluable for response. Seventeen @entity1 had received one previous regimen, and 15 @entity1 had received two. Disease was refractory to the regimen preceding irinotecan in 12 @entity1 . At baseline, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were high in 47% (14/30), and @entity2262 levels were higher than 3.0 mg/L in 29% (8/28) of @entity1 . Responses were seen in 12 of 32 (38%) @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 21%-56%). Response rates were 43% for seven indolent (95% CI = 10%-82%), 0% for three mantle cell (95% CI = 0%-71%), 44% for 18 relapsed @entity146 (95% CI = 22%-69%), and 20% for five @entity1893 (95% CI = 1%-72%). Grade 3/4 @entity137 included myelosuppression, @entity221 , and @entity294 . Irinotecan appears active and relatively well tolerated in @entity1 with relapsed @entity146 or indolent @entity1893 . Accrual to this study is continuing for better determination of response rates in all histologic subtypes of @entity1893 .

title: Irinotecan in relapsed or XXXX . Indications of activity in a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHL', 'refractory aggressive NHLs']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: To understand the molecular mechanism which controls the transcription of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) gene, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for the proximal promoter region of the tilapia IGFs gene and have characterized its activity by @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) transient transfected expression assays. Tilapia ( @entity13864 ) @entity22819 cDNA (549 bp) was amplified by PCR from single-stranded cDNA of growth hormone (GH)-induced liver RNA using a pair of oligonucleotides specific for fish @entity22819 as amplification primers. Tilapia @entity22819 and @entity22820 5' termini were analyzed by rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends (5'RACE). Analysis of the 5'RACE results revealed two transcription start sites in @entity22819 and one transcription start site in @entity22820 . Different fragments of the 5' flanking region were transfected into @entity1 @entity2220 cells. In the cell line, maximum promoter activity was located in the distal 657 basepairs of the @entity22819 5' flanking region and in the distal 450 basepairs of the @entity22820 5' flanking region. The in vivo actions of the IGFs promoter on developmental stage expression were investigated further in transgenic @entity3392 in which an IGFs promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding the cDNA transgene was microinjected into embryos. Morphologic and RT-PCR studies of the transgenic @entity3392 indicated that @entity22819 promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 1-K-cell stage and the @entity22820 promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 32-cell stage. Fluorescent (GFP) distribution was apparent within 48 h in @entity22820 -transgenic @entity3392 embryos, especially in eye, muscle, corpuscle, floor plate, horizontal myoseptum, yolk sac extension, and yolk sac. These results indicate that the @entity22819 and @entity22820 promoters are active in tissue and in a development-specific manner. Our findings also indicate that the @entity22820 promoter influences the growth of fish embryos earlier than does @entity22819 , and @entity22820 has higher levels of expression than does @entity22819 . These results suggest that the @entity22820 promoter plays a growth factor role in teleost embryo development.

title: Isolation and characterization of tilapia ( XXXX ) insulin-like growth factors gene and proximal promoter region.

entities_list: @entity13864 :: ('8127', 'Species') :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity13864 :: (8127,Species) :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrapulmonary thyroid tissue with no malignant history of the thyroid gland is extremely rare. Usually, it is interpreted as @entity16490 . Here we describe a case of bilateral pulmonary thyroid nodules with a history of multinodular @entity5651 . HISTORY: A 37-year-old female had recurrent multinodular @entity5651 and showed bilateral pulmonary nodules on CT scan. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed for the largest nodule biopsy. Pathological and molecular examinations were done after biopsy, and both were shown the characters of benign thyroid tissues. To eliminate the possibility of @entity259 metastases, total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection was performed, and there were no malignant pathological findings. After surgery, this @entity1 accepted adjuvant radiometabolic treatment for ablation of the remaining intrapulmonary nodules. Her thyroglobulin level decreased to an undetectable level, and she has currently survived for 24  months after surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this case, @entity16490 and metastasizing @entity259 should both be considered, but the metastatic pattern and benign pathological characters were inconsistent with any of the corresponding diagnosis. Ultimately, this @entity1 accepted postoperative treatment of @entity259 @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare @entity1374 with malignant behavior but no pathological evidence. Careful diagnosis and postoprative follow-up should be carried out whenever such nodules are encountered in clinical practice. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1255194331453728 .

title: Multiple thyroid nodules in the lung: XXXX or ectopia?

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid tissue', 'pulmonary ectopic thyroid']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting data were reported about normalization of sizes of right chambers, systolic and diastolic function and prevalence of @entity943 after ostium secundum @entity118 closure. We sought to compare surgical and percutaneous approaches in terms of @entity943 , right chamber volumes, and function at long-term follow-up. METHODS: In all, 107 @entity1 were enrolled, all corrected at pediatric age. Forty-four of them were treated surgically with a right thoracotomy approach and 63 were treated percutaneously. All @entity1 underwent a standard echocardiogram and electrocardiographic Holter examinations. RESULTS: No difference was detected between the two groups regarding right atrial or ventricular volumes. The global right ventricular function assessed by fractional area change was similar between the two groups. However, the longitudinal function and the diastolic function were significantly impaired in the surgical group (tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion 23.7    4.5 mm versus 18.7    3.5 mm, p < 0.001; S' wave 13.7    3.1 cm/s versus 9.8    2.4 cm/s, p < 0.001; E/E' 4.7    1.7 versus 7.1    2.9, p < 0.001). There was a low incidence of supraventricular couples or runs, but slightly higher in the surgical group (6.8% versus 1.6%), although not statistically significant. No echocardiographic variable related to ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmic events. CONCLUSIONS: Either surgical or percutaneous closure of @entity118 have a similar efficacy on the volume normalization of the right chamber. Modern surgical techniques have a limited impact on the systolic and diastolic function as well as on the arrhythmic risk; however, the right ventricular longitudinal and diastolic function seems to be better preserved in the percutaneous group.

title: Late Electrical and Mechanical Remodeling After XXXX Closure in @entity1 : Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach.

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['Atrial Septal Defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting data were reported about normalization of sizes of right chambers, systolic and diastolic function and prevalence of @entity943 after ostium secundum @entity118 closure. We sought to compare surgical and percutaneous approaches in terms of @entity943 , right chamber volumes, and function at long-term follow-up. METHODS: In all, 107 @entity1 were enrolled, all corrected at pediatric age. Forty-four of them were treated surgically with a right thoracotomy approach and 63 were treated percutaneously. All @entity1 underwent a standard echocardiogram and electrocardiographic Holter examinations. RESULTS: No difference was detected between the two groups regarding right atrial or ventricular volumes. The global right ventricular function assessed by fractional area change was similar between the two groups. However, the longitudinal function and the diastolic function were significantly impaired in the surgical group (tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion 23.7    4.5 mm versus 18.7    3.5 mm, p < 0.001; S' wave 13.7    3.1 cm/s versus 9.8    2.4 cm/s, p < 0.001; E/E' 4.7    1.7 versus 7.1    2.9, p < 0.001). There was a low incidence of supraventricular couples or runs, but slightly higher in the surgical group (6.8% versus 1.6%), although not statistically significant. No echocardiographic variable related to ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmic events. CONCLUSIONS: Either surgical or percutaneous closure of @entity118 have a similar efficacy on the volume normalization of the right chamber. Modern surgical techniques have a limited impact on the systolic and diastolic function as well as on the arrhythmic risk; however, the right ventricular longitudinal and diastolic function seems to be better preserved in the percutaneous group.

title: Late Electrical and Mechanical Remodeling After @entity118 Closure in XXXX : Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The @entity171 are chemically simple compounds that have been used mainly for the treatment of @entity3604 and for hypercalcaemia. They have had relatively limited use in @entity1 . Their action is principally to interfere with the activity of osteoclasts by causing apoptosis. Their use in @entity1 has been for problems of soft tissue calcification (e.g. idiopathic @entity729 , @entity5442 ossificans progressiva and @entity6017 ), hypercalcaemia (e.g. caused by @entity5 , immobilisation or @entity2742 ), generalised @entity79 (e.g. @entity6926 , @entity11810 and @entity134 -induced @entity170 ) and localised @entity79 (e.g. @entity1120 and @entity4262 ). In general they cause few short-term side effects although the long-term side effects have yet to be determined, but are probably relatively unimportant. The @entity171 are likely to prove a useful addition to the armamentarium of treatment modalities for @entity79 in @entity1 .

title: Use of XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic conditions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity11810 :: ('MESH:C537700', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ["Gaucher's disease"]

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity171 :: (MESH:D004164,Chemical) :: ['bisphosphonates']


abstract: The @entity171 are chemically simple compounds that have been used mainly for the treatment of @entity3604 and for hypercalcaemia. They have had relatively limited use in @entity1 . Their action is principally to interfere with the activity of osteoclasts by causing apoptosis. Their use in @entity1 has been for problems of soft tissue calcification (e.g. idiopathic @entity729 , @entity5442 ossificans progressiva and @entity6017 ), hypercalcaemia (e.g. caused by @entity5 , immobilisation or @entity2742 ), generalised @entity79 (e.g. @entity6926 , @entity11810 and @entity134 -induced @entity170 ) and localised @entity79 (e.g. @entity1120 and @entity4262 ). In general they cause few short-term side effects although the long-term side effects have yet to be determined, but are probably relatively unimportant. The @entity171 are likely to prove a useful addition to the armamentarium of treatment modalities for @entity79 in @entity1 .

title: Use of @entity171 in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of minimally invasive cardiac surgery has shown good clinical results with shorter recovery time and better cosmetic results. The introduction of the robotic systems can further reduce the surgical @entity130 and improve the surgical dexterity. We report seven cases of complete closed chest @entity118 closure using the "da Vinci" Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA). METHODS: Following peripheral cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), @entity432 and cardioplegia delivery, five @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ) and two @entity1 with patent forame ovale (PFO) with @entity439 ( @entity439 ) were successfully treated using the robotic system. Two robotic arms and an endoscopic camera were inserted through ports in the right hemithorax and an accessory port was placed for blood suction and ancillary instruments insertion. The defect closure was carried out with interrupted stitches in one @entity1 and with a continuous suture in the others. RESULTS: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp time were 101.8 +/- 39.6 and 63.4 +/- 21.9 minutes respectively. Extubation was carried out within the seventh postoperative hour. All @entity1 returned to normal lifestyle in one week. CONCLUSION: Complete closed chest @entity118 closure can be carried out using robotic technique with rapid postoperative recovery and excellent cosmetic result.

title: Totally endoscopic XXXX closure with a robotic system: experience with seven cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ASA', 'atrial septal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prognosis of recurrent @entity5 remains poor, mainly because of the difficulties of achieving a satisfactory local control. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) allows for the delivery of a complementary single dose to the @entity5 residues or to the @entity5 bed and could be useful jn a multimodal treatment. In an attempt to evaluate this interest, a retrospective analysis of @entity1 treated with IORT in six French hospitals has been performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data have been collected in 73 @entity1 (41 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 62 years, treated with IORT. @entity5 were large (mean diameter: 45 mm), partially or totally fixed to the contiguous structures in 39%, and with nodal involvement in 50% of the cases. Initial surgery had been a sphincter-sparing surgery in 67%; external radiation therapy had been delivered in 52%, and a chemotherapy had been given in 10% of the @entity1 . Recurrences were isolated (without @entity3 ) in 86%, and were posterior or posterolateral in 55% of the cases. Surgery allowed for a complete macroscopical resection in 57%, a partial resection with gross residual disease in 29%, and no resection in 14% of the recurrences. Intraoperative radiation therapy was delivered in a dose of 10 to 25 Gy (mean 18.5) through localizators of a mean diameter of 75 mm (60 to 110). External radiation therapy, either preoperative or postoperatively was given to 30 @entity1 without prior radiation therapy. Ten @entity1 received additional chemotherapy with @entity1487 . RESULTS: Four postoperative @entity204 occurred. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 16 @entity1 and some complications were probably related to the IORT procedure. Four long-term complications were observed. Overall actuarial survival occurred in 72.4% of the @entity1 at 1 year, in 44.6% at 2 years, and in 30.6% at 3 years. Twenty-one local failures have been observed. Actuarial local control occurred in 71.3% of the @entity1 at 1 year, 47.7% at 2 years, and 31.3% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative radiation therapy is a complementary treatment for recurrences of @entity5 . It provides encouraging results, particularly in some selected situations, when @entity1 have not previously been treated with external radiation therapy. Further studies of multimodal treatments are necessary.

title: Recurrences of XXXX : results of a multimodal approach with intraoperative radiation therapy. French Group of IORT. Intraoperative Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'Initial rectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancers']


abstract: IL-12p70, a 70- to 75-kDa heterodimer consisting of @entity1520 -bonded 35-kDa ( @entity10357 ) and 40-kDa ( @entity12782 ) subunits, enhances @entity630 development primarily by its ability to induce @entity60 production by NK and @entity630 cells. Although homodimers of the @entity12782 subunit of IL-12 are potent IL-12 receptor antagonists in some systems, we have reported that @entity12782 homodimer may accentuate alloreactive CD8+ @entity630 function. To test the role of endogenously produced @entity12782 in alloimmunity, @entity630 development was assessed in either @entity10357 knockout ( @entity10357 -/-) @entity19 , the cells of which are capable of secreting @entity12782 , or @entity12782 knockout ( @entity12782 -/-) @entity19 . Compared with IL-12 wild-type controls, splenocytes obtained from both @entity10357 -/- and @entity12782 -/- @entity19 produced markedly less @entity60 after in vitro stimulation with Con A or alloantigens. Interestingly, in vivo-sensitized @entity630 were detected in both @entity10357 -/- and @entity12782 -/- cardiac allograft recipients. However, in vivo @entity630 development was enhanced in @entity10357 -/- recipients compared with @entity12782 -/- animals, suggesting that endogenous @entity12782 produced in @entity10357 -/- @entity19 may stimulate alloreactive @entity630 . Indeed, neutralizing endogenous @entity12782 with anti- @entity12782 mAb reduced @entity630 development in @entity10357 -/- allograft recipients to that seen in @entity12782 -/- @entity19 . To determine whether @entity630 development that occurred in the absence of IL-12p70 and @entity12782 required @entity60 , @entity12782 -/- allograft recipients were treated with anti- @entity60 mAb. Neutralizing @entity60 did not inhibit in vivo @entity630 development in @entity12782 -/- recipients and resulted in a unique pathology of rejection characterized by vascular @entity715 . Collectively, these data suggest that 1) endogenous @entity12782 may substitute for IL-12p70 in alloantigen-specific @entity630 sensitization in vivo and 2) in vivo alloreactive @entity630 development may occur independent of IL-12 and @entity60 , suggesting an alternate @entity630 -sensitizing pathway.

title: Alloantigen-reactive XXXX development in IL-12-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity630 :: (57314(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: IL-12p70, a 70- to 75-kDa heterodimer consisting of @entity1520 -bonded 35-kDa ( @entity10357 ) and 40-kDa ( @entity12782 ) subunits, enhances @entity630 development primarily by its ability to induce @entity60 production by NK and @entity630 cells. Although homodimers of the @entity12782 subunit of IL-12 are potent IL-12 receptor antagonists in some systems, we have reported that @entity12782 homodimer may accentuate alloreactive CD8+ @entity630 function. To test the role of endogenously produced @entity12782 in alloimmunity, @entity630 development was assessed in either @entity10357 knockout ( @entity10357 -/-) @entity19 , the cells of which are capable of secreting @entity12782 , or @entity12782 knockout ( @entity12782 -/-) @entity19 . Compared with IL-12 wild-type controls, splenocytes obtained from both @entity10357 -/- and @entity12782 -/- @entity19 produced markedly less @entity60 after in vitro stimulation with Con A or alloantigens. Interestingly, in vivo-sensitized @entity630 were detected in both @entity10357 -/- and @entity12782 -/- cardiac allograft recipients. However, in vivo @entity630 development was enhanced in @entity10357 -/- recipients compared with @entity12782 -/- animals, suggesting that endogenous @entity12782 produced in @entity10357 -/- @entity19 may stimulate alloreactive @entity630 . Indeed, neutralizing endogenous @entity12782 with anti- @entity12782 mAb reduced @entity630 development in @entity10357 -/- allograft recipients to that seen in @entity12782 -/- @entity19 . To determine whether @entity630 development that occurred in the absence of IL-12p70 and @entity12782 required @entity60 , @entity12782 -/- allograft recipients were treated with anti- @entity60 mAb. Neutralizing @entity60 did not inhibit in vivo @entity630 development in @entity12782 -/- recipients and resulted in a unique pathology of rejection characterized by vascular @entity715 . Collectively, these data suggest that 1) endogenous @entity12782 may substitute for IL-12p70 in alloantigen-specific @entity630 sensitization in vivo and 2) in vivo alloreactive @entity630 development may occur independent of IL-12 and @entity60 , suggesting an alternate @entity630 -sensitizing pathway.

title: Alloantigen-reactive @entity630 development in IL-12-deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity36468 is characterized by cutis @entity3894 or @entity3202 skin at the temples, which is said to resemble forceps marks. There may also be a coarse facial appearance, @entity18026 , and periorbital puffiness. The mouth has a typical appearance with large lips, inverted "V" contour, and downturned overly defined corners. @entity1 usually have normal intelligence. Here are presented three cases with features of @entity36468 . One is an apparently isolated case; the others are father and son. All three have @entity245 . This second family is a further example of autosomal dominant inheritance in @entity36468 . These @entity1 also suggest that developmental problems may be a more common manifestation than previously described. Two of the @entity1 are the first described of Pacific Island descent.

title: XXXX : three new cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity36468 :: ('MESH:C536385', 'Disease') :: ['Setleis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity18026 :: ('MESH:C563111', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies of the eyelashes and eyebrows']

answer: @entity36468 :: (MESH:C536385,Disease) :: ['Setleis syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of @entity1095 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1462 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity5324 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity1 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 enrolled, 9 had @entity1211 , 3 had @entity2696 , 1 had a recurrent @entity80 , 1 had a @entity1211 , and 1 had an @entity2758 of the pinna. Each @entity1 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity5324 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity1211 , 3 @entity2696 , and the @entity2758 and partial response of 2 @entity1211 , the recurrent @entity80 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of peripheral @entity455 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity1211 and @entity2696 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous @entity1463 using 1% XXXX in the treatment of @entity1462 .

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas', 'lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal bone cyst', 'aneurysmal bone cyst, and the venous pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation', 'venous pseudoaneurysm', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity5324 :: (MESH:C008976,Chemical) :: ['polidocanol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of @entity1095 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1462 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity5324 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity1 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 enrolled, 9 had @entity1211 , 3 had @entity2696 , 1 had a recurrent @entity80 , 1 had a @entity1211 , and 1 had an @entity2758 of the pinna. Each @entity1 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity5324 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity1211 , 3 @entity2696 , and the @entity2758 and partial response of 2 @entity1211 , the recurrent @entity80 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of peripheral @entity455 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity1211 and @entity2696 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous @entity1463 using 1% @entity5324 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['vascular malformations']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of @entity1095 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1462 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity5324 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity1 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 enrolled, 9 had @entity1211 , 3 had @entity2696 , 1 had a recurrent @entity80 , 1 had a @entity1211 , and 1 had an @entity2758 of the pinna. Each @entity1 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity5324 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity1211 , 3 @entity2696 , and the @entity2758 and partial response of 2 @entity1211 , the recurrent @entity80 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity5324 for @entity1463 of peripheral @entity455 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity1211 and @entity2696 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous XXXX using 1% @entity5324 in the treatment of @entity1462 .

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['sclerosis']


abstract: We evaluated a new, qualitative immunoassay for @entity1245 in urine using CEDIA technology on the Hitachi 747 and compared its performance to an immunoassay using EMIT II methodology on the same instrument. A total of 500 urine samples received for routine drug screen analysis were prospectively examined for @entity1245 by both methods. Samples producing positive results by either immunoassay method were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ). Available medical records were reviewed for @entity1 whose samples produced discrepant immunoassay results or that were positive in both immunoassays but negative by GC- @entity15 . Samples that produced negative results in both immunoassays were not subjected to GC- @entity15 analysis. Therefore, identification of an immunoassay result as a false negative only occurred when the sample produced a positive value in only one of the two immunoassays and was confirmed as positive by either GC- @entity15 or medical record review. Following initial immunoassay screening and confirmation by GC- @entity15 , a medical record review and reanalysis of GC- @entity15 data was performed. After this in-depth analysis of the data, the CEDIA method produced 60 true-positives, 7 false positives and no false negatives. The EMIT II method produced 47 true positives, 1 fase positive and 13 false negatives. These differences appear to be due to the CEDIA assay being more sensitive for detection of @entity2934 .

title: Comparison between the CEDIA and EMIT II immunoassays for the determination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: AIMS: Although studies have examined the impact of changes made in @entity4987 on the estimated prevalence of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) diagnoses, there is limited evidence concerning the reliability of @entity4987 SUDs. We evaluated the inter-observer reliability of four @entity4987 SUDs in a sample in which we had previously evaluated the reliability of DSM-IV diagnoses, allowing us to compare the two systems. METHODS: Two different interviewers each assessed 173 subjects over a 2-week period using the Semi-Structured Assessment for @entity734 (SSADDA). Using the percent agreement and kappa (k) coefficient, we examined the reliability of @entity4987 lifetime @entity285 , opioid, @entity2072 , and @entity61130 use disorders, which we compared to that of SSADDA-derived DSM-IV @entity734 diagnoses. We also assessed the effect of additional lifetime @entity734 and lifetime mood or @entity148 diagnoses on the reliability of the @entity4987 @entity734 diagnoses. RESULTS: Reliability was good to excellent for the four disorders, with k values ranging from 0.65 to 0.94. Agreement was consistently lower for SUDs of mild severity than for moderate or severe disorders. @entity4987 @entity734 diagnoses showed greater reliability than DSM-IV diagnoses of abuse or @entity734 or @entity734 only. Co-occurring @entity734 and lifetime mood or @entity148 exerted a modest effect on the reliability of the @entity4987 @entity734 diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity285 , opioid, @entity2072 and @entity61130 use disorders, @entity4987 criteria and diagnoses are at least as reliable as those of DSM-IV.

title: Inter-observer reliability of XXXX substance use disorders.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'dependence', 'Drug Dependence and Alcoholism', 'SUD']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: Persistent @entity3190 is the most common cause of recurrent @entity4053 in infancy because of inappropriate oversecretion of insulin by the pancreas. @entity660 can be either focal or diffuse, and they have distinct molecular bases. We have studied the facial features in 17 unrelated @entity1 presenting with neonatal (n = 8) or infancy-onset (n = 9) @entity3190 . @entity3190 was related to focal @entity1412 (n = 7), diffuse @entity3190 (n = 5), non-operated @entity3190 (n = 2), and @entity3190 with @entity3263 (n = 3). @entity11773 or @entity14225 mutations were found in six of seven focal @entity1412 and three of five diffuse @entity3190 . A loss of the maternal allele from chromosome 11p15 in the lesion was found in all focal @entity1412 . @entity29521 mutations were found in all @entity1 with @entity3263 . Large birth weight (mean > 3,800 g) was consistently observed (11/17) but protruding tongue, exomphalos, or visceromegaly were never noted and @entity11123 could always be ruled out. All @entity1 presented with high forehead, small nasal tip, and short columella giving the impression that the nose is large and bulbous, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip. A square appearance to the face was more obvious in younger @entity1 . These specific facial features, observed in @entity1 with @entity3190 of various molecular mechanisms, could be the consequence of fetal intoxication by insulin. However, to date, @entity154 have not been noted in @entity1 of @entity6 mothers and inversely, @entity600 that are commonly reported in @entity1 of @entity6 mothers were not present in our @entity1717 @entity1 .

title: Facial appearance in persistent @entity1717 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism', 'Hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Persistent @entity3190 is the most common cause of recurrent @entity4053 in infancy because of inappropriate oversecretion of insulin by the pancreas. @entity660 can be either focal or diffuse, and they have distinct molecular bases. We have studied the facial features in 17 unrelated @entity1 presenting with neonatal (n = 8) or infancy-onset (n = 9) @entity3190 . @entity3190 was related to focal @entity1412 (n = 7), diffuse @entity3190 (n = 5), non-operated @entity3190 (n = 2), and @entity3190 with @entity3263 (n = 3). @entity11773 or @entity14225 mutations were found in six of seven focal @entity1412 and three of five diffuse @entity3190 . A loss of the maternal allele from chromosome 11p15 in the lesion was found in all focal @entity1412 . @entity29521 mutations were found in all @entity1 with @entity3263 . Large birth weight (mean > 3,800 g) was consistently observed (11/17) but protruding tongue, exomphalos, or visceromegaly were never noted and @entity11123 could always be ruled out. All @entity1 presented with high forehead, small nasal tip, and short columella giving the impression that the nose is large and bulbous, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip. A square appearance to the face was more obvious in younger @entity1 . These specific facial features, observed in @entity1 with @entity3190 of various molecular mechanisms, could be the consequence of fetal intoxication by insulin. However, to date, @entity154 have not been noted in @entity1 of @entity6 mothers and inversely, @entity600 that are commonly reported in @entity1 of @entity6 mothers were not present in our @entity1717 @entity1 .

title: Facial appearance in persistent XXXX @entity4053 .

answer: @entity1717 :: (MESH:D044903,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the economic value of cholinesterase inhibitors when used to treat @entity195 using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach and the framework of cost-benefit analysis. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A cost-benefit analysis using the WTP approach was employed. The study sample consisted of 28 nonprofessional caregivers of outpatients with mild to moderate @entity303 from Toronto, ON, Canada. The caregivers were presented with four scenarios. In the first scenario, scenario A, a hypothetical @entity1 with mild @entity303 was stabilised with a cholinesterase inhibitor. In the second scenario, scenario A with adverse effects, the above @entity1 (A) experienced adverse effects caused by the drug. In the third scenario, scenario B, the @entity1 exhibited behavioural symptoms in addition to mild @entity303 , and both were stabilised with the drug. In the fourth scenario, scenario B with adverse effects, the above @entity1 (B) experienced adverse effects caused by the drug. The caregivers were then asked what amount they would pay, in Canadian dollars, each year to buy the medication, assuming that they were the caregivers of the @entity1 described. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the demographic data (including the caregiver's yearly income) and the WTP. The average WTP was also predicted for the general population and the elderly population of Canada using data from Statistics Canada, and these values were compared with the cost of the medication. STUDY PERSPECTIVE: Nonprofessional caregiver perspective. All monetary values are 1999 values unless otherwise specified. RESULTS: The mean yearly WTP was  Can4540 (95% CI 2334-6746) for scenario A,  Can3686 (95% CI 1530-5842) for scenario A with adverse effects,  Can5003 (95% CI 2661-7345) for scenario B and  Can4486 (95% CI 2222-6750) for scenario B with adverse effects. The WTP decreased when drug adverse effects were present (significantly in scenario A; p = 0.04), but did not significantly increase when behavioural symptoms were present and stabilised. In all scenarios, caregiver yearly income was the only significant predictor of WTP, in the direction expected. For all scenarios, the calculated WTPs from the regression analysis using our sample mean, the average Canadian population data and the elderly population data were all higher than the yearly cost of the cholinesterase inhibitors, with the net benefit ranging from  Can1723 to  Can4508. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study, from a small sample of nonprofessional caregivers, revealed that the caregivers are willing to pay more for cholinesterase inhibitors than the drugs cost, even when the adverse effects of the drugs are taken into consideration. This indicates a net benefit for cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity303 from a consumer's point of view.

title: The cost-benefit of cholinesterase inhibitors in mild to moderate XXXX : a willingness-to-pay approach.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) have a high prevalence of @entity715 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity385 and @entity715 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity5892 in @entity299 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity6582 and @entity854 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity1 with @entity299 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity385 and @entity715 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity715 with only 22% of the @entity1 having a clinical history of @entity64 and 25% of @entity715 . There was no association between the degree of @entity6582 or @entity854 and the prevalence of @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity299 have a prevalence of both @entity5892 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity715 events. Neither @entity6582 nor @entity854 were associated with the prevalence of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity299 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CCHD', 'cyanotic congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['cerebral and pulmonary thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) have a high prevalence of @entity715 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity385 and @entity715 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity5892 in @entity299 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity6582 and @entity854 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity1 with @entity299 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity385 and @entity715 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity715 with only 22% of the @entity1 having a clinical history of @entity64 and 25% of @entity715 . There was no association between the degree of @entity6582 or @entity854 and the prevalence of @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity299 have a prevalence of both @entity5892 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity715 events. Neither @entity6582 nor @entity854 were associated with the prevalence of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity299 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of @entity5892 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) have a high prevalence of @entity715 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity385 and @entity715 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity5892 in @entity299 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity6582 and @entity854 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity1 with @entity299 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity385 and @entity715 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity715 with only 22% of the @entity1 having a clinical history of @entity64 and 25% of @entity715 . There was no association between the degree of @entity6582 or @entity854 and the prevalence of @entity715 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity299 have a prevalence of both @entity5892 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity715 events. Neither @entity6582 nor @entity854 were associated with the prevalence of @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity299 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of @entity5892 in XXXX with @entity299 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity101 develops in 15-20% of @entity1 with benign bile duct stricture. Hepaticojejunostomy in such @entity1 is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Preliminary portosystemic shunting has been suggested to reduce @entity548 . We present our experience without preliminary shunting in such @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive cases of @entity253 with portal @entity101 over a 13-year period (1989-2001) were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were operated upon. One @entity1 had a preliminary portosystemic shunt. In another @entity1 , shunt was attempted. One stage hepaticojejunostomy was possible in 11 @entity1 . There were no intra-operative deaths. Nine of the 13 survived and were available for follow-up. One @entity1 had @entity255 . Another had @entity1087 related @entity409 and a strictured hepaticojejunostomy. The remaining 7 @entity1 are asymptomatic and anicteric although alkaline phosphatase levels remain elevated in 5 of them. CONCLUSIONS: Hepaticojejunostomy without preliminary portosystemic shunting is possible in @entity1 with portal @entity101 and benign @entity253 with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Post-cholecystectomy benign XXXX with portal @entity101 : is a portosystemic shunt before hepaticojejunostomy necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['both to chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary stricture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity101 develops in 15-20% of @entity1 with benign bile duct stricture. Hepaticojejunostomy in such @entity1 is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Preliminary portosystemic shunting has been suggested to reduce @entity548 . We present our experience without preliminary shunting in such @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive cases of @entity253 with portal @entity101 over a 13-year period (1989-2001) were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were operated upon. One @entity1 had a preliminary portosystemic shunt. In another @entity1 , shunt was attempted. One stage hepaticojejunostomy was possible in 11 @entity1 . There were no intra-operative deaths. Nine of the 13 survived and were available for follow-up. One @entity1 had @entity255 . Another had @entity1087 related @entity409 and a strictured hepaticojejunostomy. The remaining 7 @entity1 are asymptomatic and anicteric although alkaline phosphatase levels remain elevated in 5 of them. CONCLUSIONS: Hepaticojejunostomy without preliminary portosystemic shunting is possible in @entity1 with portal @entity101 and benign @entity253 with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Post-cholecystectomy benign @entity253 with portal XXXX : is a portosystemic shunt before hepaticojejunostomy necessary?

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The histopathological discrimination of @entity30 [ @entity30 ] and @entity31 [ @entity31 ] can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if quantification of @entity5823 (+) lymphocytes and eosinophils in histopathological material improves the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity29 . METHODS: A total of 156 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity8787 by a gastroenterologist and corroborated by 5 years of follow-up. @entity1 were treatment na  ve at the time of biopsy. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. RESULTS: The median number of eosinophils in biopsies from affected segments was 42/high power field [hpf] [25.5-63.5] in @entity30 and 98/hpf [67-123] in @entity31 [p < 0.001]. Biopsies containing >=  70 eosinophils/hpf field had a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71% for the diagnosis of @entity31 ({area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.696-0.838)}. There was a median of three @entity5823 (+) cells/hpf [range 2-6] in diseased @entity30 biopsies and 33 cells/hpf [24-52] in diseased @entity31 biopsies [p < 0.001]. The cut-off determined by the ROC curve was 15 (sensitivity 97.4%, specificity 97.4%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 17.1, Negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.03, area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978; 95% CI 0.95310.999). CONCLUSIONS: Routine histopathological assessment with quantification of @entity5823 + cells is highly accurate at discriminating @entity30 and @entity31 . All the measured parameters are easy to perform, low-cost, and available in most pathological laboratories.

title: Quantitative assessment of XXXX + lymphocytes and eosinophils for the histopathological differential diagnosis of @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity5823 :: (943,Gene) :: ['CD30']