abstract: Since 1969 excision of @entity2941 and establishment of bile drainage by Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy has been performed in 7 @entity1 whose ages ranged from 10 mo to 11 yr. In 3 @entity1 , the cyst had been treated 5 yr, 4 wk, and 3 wk previously by cystduodenostomy, cystjejunostomy, and cholecystduodenostomy, respectively; further surgery was indicated for @entity253 and severe @entity255 . The other four @entity1 were not acutely ill. All cysts were located distal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts. The volume of the smallest cyst was 25 ml and the largest 500 ml. In all @entity1 a small remnant of distal cyst was not excised to avoid @entity130 and @entity788 . In four @entity1 a remnant of proximal cyst was left attached to the hepatic duct to allow a large biliary intestinal anastomosis and minimize the possibility of stricture. No serious intraoperative problems were encountered. Prolonged drainage (2-3 wk) from Penrose drain sites in two @entity1 were the only postoperative complications. Liver function tests have remained normal in all and no episodes of @entity255 or @entity1087 have been noted during follow-up (median: 4.5 yr). This experience supports recent reports that indicate that cyst excision is associated with low mortality and morbidity. Cyst excision is preferred over traditional internal drainage procedures because it (A) eliminates a reservoir for @entity1157 , (B) removes a mechanism which allows continuous reflux of pancreatic juice into the cyst, and (C) probably prevents the occurrence of @entity1126 which has been noted in 3.0% of @entity1 with @entity2941 .

title: Treatment of XXXX by excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile stasis']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the duodenum']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['choledochal cyst']


abstract: 1. The influence of micelle formation on @entity6741 secretion was assessed by analysing the secretory characteristics of, and interaction between, the natural micelle-forming @entity3645 , @entity7362 and @entity6041 , and the artificial non-micelle-forming @entity3645 , @entity29677 and @entity25987 (both of which are subjected to reductive metabolism), in anaesthetized @entity235 . 2. Competitive secretory interaction between these two classes of @entity6741 was demonstrated thereby indicating that they share the same biliary transport system. @entity29677 had a lower affinity for the transport system than that of @entity7362 and the metabolic derivatives of @entity25987 . 3. The (initially determined) biliary secretory maxima for @entity29677 (4 . 9 +/- 1 . 9 (S.D.) mumole/min. kg, n = 6) and total ' @entity25987 ' in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (4 . 2 +/- 1 . 0 mumole/min. kg, n = 16) were both significantly less than those for @entity7362 (8 . 0 +/- 1 . 8 mumole/min. kg, n = 16) and total @entity6041 in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (6 . 9 +/- 1 . 2 mumole/min. kg, n = 12). 4. The initially determined secretory maxima of @entity29677 and ' @entity25987 ' were elevated by about 30 and 36%, respectively, by an earlier period of @entity7362 administration; the most likely explanation (which is supported by independent morphological studies) for this effect is that @entity7362 increases the number of functional 'carriers' in the canalicular membrane. When calculated for optimal conditions, the secretory maxima of the non-micelle-forming @entity3645 closely approached those of the micelle formers. 5. The above results would seem to indicate that micelle formation (in the hepatocyte, canalicular membrane or bile) is not essential for the effective translocation of @entity6741 by the specific canalicular membrane receptors. The results also suggest that the effective concentration of @entity6741 in bile (possibly 60--70 times greater in the case of the non-micelle-formers) is not an important determinant of the net secretory performance of conjugated @entity6741 . 6. At the same @entity6741 secretion rate (3 . 06 mumole/min. kg), the bile flow rate associated with @entity29677 (44 . 3 +/- 2 . 7 (S.D. along regression line) microliter/min. kg, n = 38) was significantly greater than that associated with @entity7362 (29 . 5 +/- 7 . 7 microliter/min. kg, n = 80) but significantly less than that associated with ' @entity25987 ' in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (51 . 7 +/- 4 . 8 microliter./min. kg, n = 33), ' @entity25987 ' after acute @entity2226 depletion (61 . 2 microliter./min. kg, n = 1) and free @entity6041 after @entity2226 depletion (49 . 8 +/- 9 . 8 microliter/min. kg, n = 92). The extra flow associated with the free @entity3645 is derived by means that are largely or entirely independent of their osmotic activity in bile.

title: The influence of micelle formation on XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity29677 :: ('MESH:C019560', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurodehydrocholate', 'taurodehydrocholate']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity25987 :: ('MESH:D003685', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydrocholate']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile salt']


abstract: The LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cell line is androgenand stromal-dependent for in vivo growth. We co-inoculated LNCaP cells with @entity1 fetal fibroblasts, isolated from prostate, bone (male), and lung (male and female) derived from 18- to 22-week-old @entity1 fetal tissue, into non-castrate male @entity19 . Co-inoculation of LNCaP with fetal prostatic fibroblasts resulted in high @entity5 take rates (27 of 30, or 90%) 6 to 8 weeks after subcutaneous co-inoculation. Serum @entity1486 (PSA) values correlated strongly with wet @entity5 weight (r=0.86). The fetal fibroblast enhancement of @entity5 take rates in vivo was neither gender- nor organ-specific. Fetal fibroblast-conditioned medium (CM) did not have a significant proliferative effect on LNCaP cell growth in vitro. Areas of angiogenesis were demonstrable in all @entity5 , with blood vessels arising at the interface between stromal and @entity5 cells. The fetal fibroblasts, but not the LNCaP cells, expressed significant amounts of the mRNA and protein for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Treatment of @entity5 -bearing animals with neutralizing antibodies to @entity7 resulted in significant @entity5 growth suppression. These findings indicate that @entity7 is an important mediator of stromal-induced enhancement of @entity1 @entity263 cell growth in vivo.

title: Inhibition of XXXX suppresses the in vivo growth of @entity1 @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial cell growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial cell growth factor']


abstract: The LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cell line is androgenand stromal-dependent for in vivo growth. We co-inoculated LNCaP cells with @entity1 fetal fibroblasts, isolated from prostate, bone (male), and lung (male and female) derived from 18- to 22-week-old @entity1 fetal tissue, into non-castrate male @entity19 . Co-inoculation of LNCaP with fetal prostatic fibroblasts resulted in high @entity5 take rates (27 of 30, or 90%) 6 to 8 weeks after subcutaneous co-inoculation. Serum @entity1486 (PSA) values correlated strongly with wet @entity5 weight (r=0.86). The fetal fibroblast enhancement of @entity5 take rates in vivo was neither gender- nor organ-specific. Fetal fibroblast-conditioned medium (CM) did not have a significant proliferative effect on LNCaP cell growth in vitro. Areas of angiogenesis were demonstrable in all @entity5 , with blood vessels arising at the interface between stromal and @entity5 cells. The fetal fibroblasts, but not the LNCaP cells, expressed significant amounts of the mRNA and protein for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Treatment of @entity5 -bearing animals with neutralizing antibodies to @entity7 resulted in significant @entity5 growth suppression. These findings indicate that @entity7 is an important mediator of stromal-induced enhancement of @entity1 @entity263 cell growth in vivo.

title: Inhibition of @entity7 suppresses the in vivo growth of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate tumors']


abstract: The LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 cell line is androgenand stromal-dependent for in vivo growth. We co-inoculated LNCaP cells with @entity1 fetal fibroblasts, isolated from prostate, bone (male), and lung (male and female) derived from 18- to 22-week-old @entity1 fetal tissue, into non-castrate male @entity19 . Co-inoculation of LNCaP with fetal prostatic fibroblasts resulted in high @entity5 take rates (27 of 30, or 90%) 6 to 8 weeks after subcutaneous co-inoculation. Serum @entity1486 (PSA) values correlated strongly with wet @entity5 weight (r=0.86). The fetal fibroblast enhancement of @entity5 take rates in vivo was neither gender- nor organ-specific. Fetal fibroblast-conditioned medium (CM) did not have a significant proliferative effect on LNCaP cell growth in vitro. Areas of angiogenesis were demonstrable in all @entity5 , with blood vessels arising at the interface between stromal and @entity5 cells. The fetal fibroblasts, but not the LNCaP cells, expressed significant amounts of the mRNA and protein for @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Treatment of @entity5 -bearing animals with neutralizing antibodies to @entity7 resulted in significant @entity5 growth suppression. These findings indicate that @entity7 is an important mediator of stromal-induced enhancement of @entity1 @entity263 cell growth in vivo.

title: Inhibition of @entity7 suppresses the in vivo growth of XXXX @entity263 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We evaluated the results of a treatment protocol that consisted of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy followed by radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinical stage T3 (cT3) @entity263 . Sixty-six @entity1 with cT3 @entity263 underwent staging procedures that included metastatic work-up and evaluation under anesthesia. Neoadjuvant hormonal treatment was given for 3 to 6 months, followed by re-evaluation under anesthesia. @entity1 considered to have a resectable prostate following neoadjuvant treatment underwent operation. Disease-free survival [prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 0.1 ng/ml] was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method for cT3 @entity1 and for a group of @entity1 with clinical stage 1 and 2 disease (cT1-2), who underwent RRP without neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. @entity1 with pT3 disease in both groups received early adjuvant radiation treatment. @entity1 in the cT3 group who were not clinically downstaged were treated with radiation. @entity1 with positive lymph nodes continued hormonal therapy. The pretreatment PSA for the cT3 group was 43.6    55.6 ng/ml, and 10.64    7.18 ng/ml for the cT1-2 group (p < 0.05). Of 66 cT3 @entity1 , 53 (80%) were clinically downstaged and operated on and 47 (71%) underwent RRP. At 36 months, there was no significant difference in the PSA relapse rate between these two groups; both had significantly lower rates than did @entity1 in the cT3 without RRP. At 48 months, 79% (21 @entity1 ) of the @entity1 in the cT3-RRP group were disease free compared with 50% of those in the cT3 without RRP (4 @entity1 ). Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for stage cT3 @entity263 selects @entity1 whose @entity5 can be controlled by RRP for an extended period of time.

title: Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and radical prostatectomy in the treatment of clinical stage T3 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['cancer of the prostate']


abstract: The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of @entity409 development under the influence of restriction of diet. Useful information is presented about the pathologic features associated with diet restriction in a @entity1573 animal model of @entity1561 . There were 96 @entity1573 of two genotypes, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, in the experiment. The control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum (ADL). The first experimental group, under restriction from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 80% ADL. The second experimental group was fed 65% ADL from the age of 2 weeks. There were 16 animals in each group. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. Liver parenchyma samples were obtained at the age of 35 days by the necropsy method and then processed by standard histologic methods. The slices were stained by standard staining: @entity1710 - @entity1711 and by Sirius red kit for collagen type I and reticulin visualization. Hepatocyte diameter and the proportion of interstitial tissue to the parenchyma of the liver were measured objectively. @entity1560 was observed after 35 days of restriction. Hepatocyte diameter was significantly influenced by sex, genotype, and the experimental group. The proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 was highly influenced by genotype and group, but there were no interactions. An increase in the @entity1560 histologic grade is associated with inflammatory changes, with decrease of hepatocyte diameter and with a decreasing proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 . The results show that early restriction is not associated with the development of @entity82 of the liver tissue.

title: Experimental study of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) on a model of starving @entity1573 : is generalization of @entity1560 accompanied by XXXX of the liver tissue?

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'Microvesicular liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of @entity409 development under the influence of restriction of diet. Useful information is presented about the pathologic features associated with diet restriction in a @entity1573 animal model of @entity1561 . There were 96 @entity1573 of two genotypes, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, in the experiment. The control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum (ADL). The first experimental group, under restriction from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 80% ADL. The second experimental group was fed 65% ADL from the age of 2 weeks. There were 16 animals in each group. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. Liver parenchyma samples were obtained at the age of 35 days by the necropsy method and then processed by standard histologic methods. The slices were stained by standard staining: @entity1710 - @entity1711 and by Sirius red kit for collagen type I and reticulin visualization. Hepatocyte diameter and the proportion of interstitial tissue to the parenchyma of the liver were measured objectively. @entity1560 was observed after 35 days of restriction. Hepatocyte diameter was significantly influenced by sex, genotype, and the experimental group. The proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 was highly influenced by genotype and group, but there were no interactions. An increase in the @entity1560 histologic grade is associated with inflammatory changes, with decrease of hepatocyte diameter and with a decreasing proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 . The results show that early restriction is not associated with the development of @entity82 of the liver tissue.

title: Experimental study of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) on a model of starving @entity1573 : is generalization of XXXX accompanied by @entity82 of the liver tissue?

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatosis']


abstract: The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of @entity409 development under the influence of restriction of diet. Useful information is presented about the pathologic features associated with diet restriction in a @entity1573 animal model of @entity1561 . There were 96 @entity1573 of two genotypes, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, in the experiment. The control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum (ADL). The first experimental group, under restriction from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 80% ADL. The second experimental group was fed 65% ADL from the age of 2 weeks. There were 16 animals in each group. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. Liver parenchyma samples were obtained at the age of 35 days by the necropsy method and then processed by standard histologic methods. The slices were stained by standard staining: @entity1710 - @entity1711 and by Sirius red kit for collagen type I and reticulin visualization. Hepatocyte diameter and the proportion of interstitial tissue to the parenchyma of the liver were measured objectively. @entity1560 was observed after 35 days of restriction. Hepatocyte diameter was significantly influenced by sex, genotype, and the experimental group. The proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 was highly influenced by genotype and group, but there were no interactions. An increase in the @entity1560 histologic grade is associated with inflammatory changes, with decrease of hepatocyte diameter and with a decreasing proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 . The results show that early restriction is not associated with the development of @entity82 of the liver tissue.

title: Experimental study of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) on a model of starving XXXX : is generalization of @entity1560 accompanied by @entity82 of the liver tissue?

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of @entity409 development under the influence of restriction of diet. Useful information is presented about the pathologic features associated with diet restriction in a @entity1573 animal model of @entity1561 . There were 96 @entity1573 of two genotypes, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, in the experiment. The control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum (ADL). The first experimental group, under restriction from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 80% ADL. The second experimental group was fed 65% ADL from the age of 2 weeks. There were 16 animals in each group. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. Liver parenchyma samples were obtained at the age of 35 days by the necropsy method and then processed by standard histologic methods. The slices were stained by standard staining: @entity1710 - @entity1711 and by Sirius red kit for collagen type I and reticulin visualization. Hepatocyte diameter and the proportion of interstitial tissue to the parenchyma of the liver were measured objectively. @entity1560 was observed after 35 days of restriction. Hepatocyte diameter was significantly influenced by sex, genotype, and the experimental group. The proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 was highly influenced by genotype and group, but there were no interactions. An increase in the @entity1560 histologic grade is associated with inflammatory changes, with decrease of hepatocyte diameter and with a decreasing proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 . The results show that early restriction is not associated with the development of @entity82 of the liver tissue.

title: Experimental study of XXXX ( @entity1561 ) on a model of starving @entity1573 : is generalization of @entity1560 accompanied by @entity82 of the liver tissue?

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of @entity409 development under the influence of restriction of diet. Useful information is presented about the pathologic features associated with diet restriction in a @entity1573 animal model of @entity1561 . There were 96 @entity1573 of two genotypes, Ross 308 and Cobb 500, in the experiment. The control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum (ADL). The first experimental group, under restriction from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 80% ADL. The second experimental group was fed 65% ADL from the age of 2 weeks. There were 16 animals in each group. The experiment lasted 5 weeks. Liver parenchyma samples were obtained at the age of 35 days by the necropsy method and then processed by standard histologic methods. The slices were stained by standard staining: @entity1710 - @entity1711 and by Sirius red kit for collagen type I and reticulin visualization. Hepatocyte diameter and the proportion of interstitial tissue to the parenchyma of the liver were measured objectively. @entity1560 was observed after 35 days of restriction. Hepatocyte diameter was significantly influenced by sex, genotype, and the experimental group. The proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 was highly influenced by genotype and group, but there were no interactions. An increase in the @entity1560 histologic grade is associated with inflammatory changes, with decrease of hepatocyte diameter and with a decreasing proportion of interstitial tissue to the @entity409 . The results show that early restriction is not associated with the development of @entity82 of the liver tissue.

title: Experimental study of @entity1561 ( XXXX ) on a model of starving @entity1573 : is generalization of @entity1560 accompanied by @entity82 of the liver tissue?

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['NAFLD']


abstract: We evaluated a video prompting procedure to teach adults with @entity717 to take a digital photograph and print it using a laptop computer and a printer. @entity1 were four @entity1 with @entity717 . Training was conducted at the @entity1 ' residential facility. During baseline, @entity1 were told to take a photograph, but were given no other instruction. During intervention, @entity1 received instruction using a video prompting procedure. Video prompting consisted of watching a clip of each step of the task analysis and then having the opportunity to imitate that step. Video prompting was evaluated using a multiple-probe across @entity1 design. Following acquisition, video prompting was removed to assess maintenance at 2, 4 and 8 weeks and at 6 months. During naturalistic probes, @entity1 had the opportunity to take a picture of their choice of flora, surroundings or @entity1 . All four @entity1 learned to take and print a digital photograph with the video prompting procedures. The skills generalized to novel situations and were maintained at each follow-up probe. These data suggest that video prompting may be an effective instructional strategy for teaching digital photography skills to adults with @entity717 .

title: "Say Cheese": teaching photography skills to adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disabilities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['developmental disabilities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although psychological and/or physiological stress has been well documented to influence immune responses, the precise mechanism for immunomodulation remains to be elucidated. The present work describes the role of the @entity2339 in the mechanism of stress-mediated enhanced-resistance to lethality after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. METHODS/RESULTS: Preconditioning with restraint stress (RS) resulted in enhanced activation of the @entity2339 in response to LPS injection and suppressed LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines and @entity842 metabolites. @entity39115 -deficient @entity19 ( @entity39115 (-/-)) failed to increase plasma levels of glucocorticoids in response to LPS injection, and exhibited high sensitivity to LPS-induced lethality with enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines as compared with @entity39115 (+/-) @entity19 . Real-time PCR analysis revealed that RS induced upregulation of @entity16171 ( @entity16171 ) in macrophages in the lung and the liver of @entity39115 (+/-), but not of @entity39115 (-/-), @entity19 . In addition, RS increased @entity16171 -dependent uncoupling activity of isolated mitochondria from the liver of @entity39115 (+/-), but not of @entity39115 (-/-), @entity19 . In vitro study revealed that @entity2819 and @entity619 directly increased @entity16171 expression in @entity19 RAW 264.7 macrophages and suppressed the generation of LPS-induced mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity637 production. Knockdown of @entity16171 by small interfering RNA blunted the @entity619 action for suppressing LPS-induced mitochondrial ROS and @entity637 production. CONCLUSION: The present work suggests that RS enhances activation of the @entity2339 to release glucocorticoids and upregulation of @entity16171 in macrophages, thereby increasing the resistance to endotoxin-induced systemic @entity32 and death.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Stress-Induced Glucocorticoid Release Upregulates XXXX Expression and Enhances Resistance to Endotoxin-Induced Lethality.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity16171 :: (22228(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Uncoupling Protein-2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4056 present with liver @entity3 in 50-75% of cases at diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to assess prognostic factors in @entity1 with liver @entity3 from intestinal @entity5 after @entity5 surgical removal with or without liver surgery or radiofrequency ablation. The primary endpoint was disease-specific survival. METHODS: Data regarding seventy-eight consecutive @entity1 with liver @entity3 who undergone @entity5 surgical removal between 1996 and 2011 were extracted from the institutional @entity5 registry and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: @entity96 burden was <25% in 43 (55.1%) 25-50% in 30 (38.5%) and >50% in 5 (6.4%) @entity1 . For the whole cohort of @entity1 disease-specific survival at 3, 5 and 8 years was 93.2%, 83.6% and 77.3%, respectively. Fifteen @entity1 who underwent radical liver surgery were all alive with a median survival of 106 months (range 18-152 months). In multivariate analysis the Ki-67 index in a continuous fashion significantly correlate with prognosis (p  =  0.021). @entity96 burden (p  =  0.036) and extrahepatic involvement (p  =  0.03), were the most powerful prognosticators for @entity1 who underwent only debulking surgery. CONCLUSION: The Ki-67 index, the @entity96 burden and the presence of extrahepatic @entity3 should be carefully considered in the selection criteria for liver debulking in asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: XXXX with liver @entity3 and resection of the primary: Prognostic factors for decision making.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver tumor', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['small intestine neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity4056 :: (MESH:D007414,Disease) :: ['Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4056 present with liver @entity3 in 50-75% of cases at diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to assess prognostic factors in @entity1 with liver @entity3 from intestinal @entity5 after @entity5 surgical removal with or without liver surgery or radiofrequency ablation. The primary endpoint was disease-specific survival. METHODS: Data regarding seventy-eight consecutive @entity1 with liver @entity3 who undergone @entity5 surgical removal between 1996 and 2011 were extracted from the institutional @entity5 registry and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: @entity96 burden was <25% in 43 (55.1%) 25-50% in 30 (38.5%) and >50% in 5 (6.4%) @entity1 . For the whole cohort of @entity1 disease-specific survival at 3, 5 and 8 years was 93.2%, 83.6% and 77.3%, respectively. Fifteen @entity1 who underwent radical liver surgery were all alive with a median survival of 106 months (range 18-152 months). In multivariate analysis the Ki-67 index in a continuous fashion significantly correlate with prognosis (p  =  0.021). @entity96 burden (p  =  0.036) and extrahepatic involvement (p  =  0.03), were the most powerful prognosticators for @entity1 who underwent only debulking surgery. CONCLUSION: The Ki-67 index, the @entity96 burden and the presence of extrahepatic @entity3 should be carefully considered in the selection criteria for liver debulking in asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: @entity4056 with liver XXXX and resection of the primary: Prognostic factors for decision making.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A Korean version of Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), a widely used disease-specific @entity1 -reported questionnaire for assessing physical function of @entity242 @entity1 , has not been developed. OBJECTIVES: 1) to translate and cross-culturally adapt the TESS into Korean, and 2) to examine its comprehensibility, reliability and validity. METHODS: TESS was translated into Korean, then translated back into English, and reviewed by a committee to develop the consensus version of the Korean TESS. The Korean TESS was administered to 126 @entity1 to examine its comprehensibility, reliability, and validity. RESULTS: Comprehensibility was high, as the @entity1 rated questions as "easy" or "very easy" in 96% for the TESS lower extremity (LE) and in 97% for the TESS upper extremity (UE). Test-retest reliability with intraclass coefficient (0.874 for LE and 0.979 for UE) and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (0.978 for LE and 0.989 for UE) were excellent. Korean TESS correlated with the MSTS score (r   =   0.772 for LE and r   =   0.635 for UE), and physical functioning domain of EORTC-CLQ C30 (r   =   0.840 for LE and r   =   0.630 for UE). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that Korean version of the TESS is a comprehensible, reliable, and valid instrument to measure @entity1 -reported functional outcome in @entity1 with extremity @entity242 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:93-97.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score for extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity5327 follows a @entity3124 in blood flow to the intestine. Absence of a practical diagnostic test results in delayed diagnosis and inability to evaluate changes in blood flow due to vasodilator therapy. We recorded the disappearance of radioxenon (133Xe) from @entity63 bowel to quantitate the decreased perfusion and to assess changes in submucosal blood flow after intra-arterial @entity3302 . The @entity63 colon, its only blood supply from collaterals, was formed into a Thirty-Vella loop. An infusion catheter placed at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was used to deliver saline or @entity3302 (0.1 mg./kg./min). Eleven control @entity235 received N.S. only. In nine @entity235 @entity3302 infusion was started immediately and in another 12 @entity235 two hours after the production of @entity63 . Submucosal blood flow was determined by the per cent washout at two minutes of an 0.05 ml. injection of 133Xe dissolved in N.S., made into the submucosal space of the colostomy.

title: Radioxenon washout for evaluation of vasodilator therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical reduction']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between muscle perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles assessed by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity9243 -MRI) and symptoms in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity626 ). DESIGN: In a cross-sectional setting, muscle perfusion was quantified by @entity9243 -MRI in @entity626 . Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn around the peri-articular muscles, summed and averaged into one single "Total Muscle Volume" volume of interest (VOI). Symptoms were assessed via the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) (0: worst; 100: best). RESULTS: @entity9243 -MRI and clinical data were analyzed in 94 @entity1 . The typical @entity1 was a @entity1 with a mean age of 65 years, and a body mass index (BMI) of 32  kg/m(2). Reduced multiple regression models analyzing the association between KOOS and @entity9243 -MRI perfusion variables of Total Muscle Volume showed a statistically significant association between Nvoxel% and KOOS @entity158 (0.41 (SE 0.14); P  =  0.0048). Nvoxel% was defined as the proportion of highly perfused voxels; i.e., the voxels that show an early and rapid increase on the signal intensity vs time curves, reach a plateau state (plateau pattern) and then showing a relatively rapid decline (washout pattern) relative to the total number of voxels within the muscle VOI. CONCLUSIONS: More widespread perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles was associated with @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity626 . These results give rise to investigations of the effects of exercise on muscle perfusion and its possible mediating role in the causal pathway between exercise and @entity158 improvements in the conservative management of @entity626 .

title: Associations between muscle perfusion and symptoms in XXXX : a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of Notch/Notch ligand with Th17/Treg, cytokines IL-35 and @entity4155 in cases of @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Methods. Peripheral blood was obtained from 42 @entity1468 @entity1 and 22 health pregnant @entity1 . The mRNA expressions of Notch/Notch ligand, Treg transcription factor @entity403 and Th17 transcription factor RORyt, @entity11191 and @entity10669 (IL-35 two subunits), and @entity4155 were determined by qPCR. The serum levels of @entity4155 and IL-35 were measured by ELISA. Results. It was observed that the expressions of @entity403 , @entity11191 , and @entity10669 in @entity1468 @entity1 were lower compared with normal pregnancy, whereas the RORyt expression was significantly increased. The results also demonstrated that @entity1468 @entity1 exhibited decreased levels of Treg-related cytokine IL-35, whereas @entity4155 was significantly increased. @entity1468 @entity1 expressed higher levels of Notch receptor (1-4) and Notch ligand of @entity22491 , whereas Notch ligand of @entity72976 was much lower. Furthermore, the levels of @entity403 T cells correlated positively with @entity13060 . In addition, there were positive correlations between the mRNA level of @entity4155 and @entity22491 . Conclusion. Our results indicated that maternal immunological changes may reverse maternal tolerance in @entity1468 , and this phenomenon may due to the Th17/Treg imbalance affected by Notch/Notch ligand.

title: The Expression of Notch/Notch Ligand, IL-35, XXXX , and Th17/Treg in Preeclampsia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the utility of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) using @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) to detect @entity14 . METHODS: This prospective single-center study investigated inter-subject variability in @entity1 with early-stage @entity14 indicated for endoscopic resection. Subjects were @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone endoscopic resection between November 2012 and November 2013. Selection criteria included age 20-80 years, either sex, and provision of informed consent. @entity1 were orally administered 20 mg/kg of @entity2518 enteric-coated capsules (SBI ALApromo Co., Tokyo, Japan). Administration of @entity2518 was followed by endoscopic resection of @entity14 , and the resected specimens were examined using a video autofluorescence processor and a fluorescence endoscope (SAFE-3000 and EB-1970AK, respectively; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). The primary endpoint was the presence of fluorescence in @entity5 . Endoscopic, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings of @entity5 were assessed. We also evaluated adverse events of the present procedure as a secondary endpoint and examined each @entity1 for the presence of known adverse effects of @entity2518 , namely, hematocytopenia, @entity409 , @entity551 , @entity390 , and photosensitivity. RESULTS: We enrolled 10 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) (n = 13 lesions: 10 gastric/3 @entity14 ). Fluorescence was detected in 7/13 (53.8%) lesions. No significant differences in sex (male: 55.6% vs female: 50.5%, P = 1.00), age (67.1    1.9 years vs 65.0    2.0 years, P = 0.45), @entity5 color (reddish: 60.0% vs discolored: 33.3%, P = 0.56), @entity5 diameter (15.0    2.1 mm vs 14.2    2.3 mm, P = 0.80), macroscopic type (protruded: 70.0% vs depressed 0%, P = 0.07), histologic type (differentiated type: 58.3% vs 0%, P = 0.46), invasion depth (mucosal layer: 55.6% vs submucosal layer: 33.3%, P = 1.00), lymphatic invasion (present: 33.3% vs absent: 50.0%, P = 1.00), @entity3 (present: 0% vs absent: 54.5%, P = 1.00) or procedure time of endoscopic resection (36.3    8.3 min vs 36.7    9.0 min, P = 0.98) were observed between the @entity1 with and without fluorescence. Fluorescence detection rate tended to be high for @entity75 . @entity409 developed in 4/10 (40.0%) @entity1 . The extent of the @entity409 was a slight increase in transaminases and total @entity648 levels, which spontaneously improved in the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 developed photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Results of this preliminary study suggest the utility of @entity146 using @entity2518 for screening of @entity14 .

title: Preliminary study of @entity146 using XXXX in gastric and @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['PDD', 'photodynamic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated lesions']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or colorectal tumors', 'colorectal tumors', 'gastric and colorectal cancers', 'gastric/colorectal tumors', 'gastric/colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the utility of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) using @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) to detect @entity14 . METHODS: This prospective single-center study investigated inter-subject variability in @entity1 with early-stage @entity14 indicated for endoscopic resection. Subjects were @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone endoscopic resection between November 2012 and November 2013. Selection criteria included age 20-80 years, either sex, and provision of informed consent. @entity1 were orally administered 20 mg/kg of @entity2518 enteric-coated capsules (SBI ALApromo Co., Tokyo, Japan). Administration of @entity2518 was followed by endoscopic resection of @entity14 , and the resected specimens were examined using a video autofluorescence processor and a fluorescence endoscope (SAFE-3000 and EB-1970AK, respectively; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). The primary endpoint was the presence of fluorescence in @entity5 . Endoscopic, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings of @entity5 were assessed. We also evaluated adverse events of the present procedure as a secondary endpoint and examined each @entity1 for the presence of known adverse effects of @entity2518 , namely, hematocytopenia, @entity409 , @entity551 , @entity390 , and photosensitivity. RESULTS: We enrolled 10 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) (n = 13 lesions: 10 gastric/3 @entity14 ). Fluorescence was detected in 7/13 (53.8%) lesions. No significant differences in sex (male: 55.6% vs female: 50.5%, P = 1.00), age (67.1    1.9 years vs 65.0    2.0 years, P = 0.45), @entity5 color (reddish: 60.0% vs discolored: 33.3%, P = 0.56), @entity5 diameter (15.0    2.1 mm vs 14.2    2.3 mm, P = 0.80), macroscopic type (protruded: 70.0% vs depressed 0%, P = 0.07), histologic type (differentiated type: 58.3% vs 0%, P = 0.46), invasion depth (mucosal layer: 55.6% vs submucosal layer: 33.3%, P = 1.00), lymphatic invasion (present: 33.3% vs absent: 50.0%, P = 1.00), @entity3 (present: 0% vs absent: 54.5%, P = 1.00) or procedure time of endoscopic resection (36.3    8.3 min vs 36.7    9.0 min, P = 0.98) were observed between the @entity1 with and without fluorescence. Fluorescence detection rate tended to be high for @entity75 . @entity409 developed in 4/10 (40.0%) @entity1 . The extent of the @entity409 was a slight increase in transaminases and total @entity648 levels, which spontaneously improved in the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 developed photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Results of this preliminary study suggest the utility of @entity146 using @entity2518 for screening of @entity14 .

title: Preliminary study of @entity146 using @entity2518 in gastric and XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the utility of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) using @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) to detect @entity14 . METHODS: This prospective single-center study investigated inter-subject variability in @entity1 with early-stage @entity14 indicated for endoscopic resection. Subjects were @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone endoscopic resection between November 2012 and November 2013. Selection criteria included age 20-80 years, either sex, and provision of informed consent. @entity1 were orally administered 20 mg/kg of @entity2518 enteric-coated capsules (SBI ALApromo Co., Tokyo, Japan). Administration of @entity2518 was followed by endoscopic resection of @entity14 , and the resected specimens were examined using a video autofluorescence processor and a fluorescence endoscope (SAFE-3000 and EB-1970AK, respectively; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). The primary endpoint was the presence of fluorescence in @entity5 . Endoscopic, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings of @entity5 were assessed. We also evaluated adverse events of the present procedure as a secondary endpoint and examined each @entity1 for the presence of known adverse effects of @entity2518 , namely, hematocytopenia, @entity409 , @entity551 , @entity390 , and photosensitivity. RESULTS: We enrolled 10 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) (n = 13 lesions: 10 gastric/3 @entity14 ). Fluorescence was detected in 7/13 (53.8%) lesions. No significant differences in sex (male: 55.6% vs female: 50.5%, P = 1.00), age (67.1    1.9 years vs 65.0    2.0 years, P = 0.45), @entity5 color (reddish: 60.0% vs discolored: 33.3%, P = 0.56), @entity5 diameter (15.0    2.1 mm vs 14.2    2.3 mm, P = 0.80), macroscopic type (protruded: 70.0% vs depressed 0%, P = 0.07), histologic type (differentiated type: 58.3% vs 0%, P = 0.46), invasion depth (mucosal layer: 55.6% vs submucosal layer: 33.3%, P = 1.00), lymphatic invasion (present: 33.3% vs absent: 50.0%, P = 1.00), @entity3 (present: 0% vs absent: 54.5%, P = 1.00) or procedure time of endoscopic resection (36.3    8.3 min vs 36.7    9.0 min, P = 0.98) were observed between the @entity1 with and without fluorescence. Fluorescence detection rate tended to be high for @entity75 . @entity409 developed in 4/10 (40.0%) @entity1 . The extent of the @entity409 was a slight increase in transaminases and total @entity648 levels, which spontaneously improved in the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 developed photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Results of this preliminary study suggest the utility of @entity146 using @entity2518 for screening of @entity14 .

title: Preliminary study of XXXX using @entity2518 in gastric and @entity14 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['photodynamic diagnosis']


abstract: We recorded activity of @entity935 (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta in unrestrained @entity19 while monitoring their movements with video tracking. Our approach allows an unbiased examination of the continuous relationship between single unit activity and behavior. Although DA neurons show characteristic burst firing following cue or reward presentation, as previously reported, their activity can be explained by the representation of actual movement kinematics. Unlike neighboring pars reticulata GABAergic output neurons, which can represent vector components of position, DA neurons represent vector components of velocity or acceleration. We found neurons related to movements in four directions-up, down, left, right. For horizontal movements, there is significant lateralization of neurons: the left nigra contains more rightward neurons, whereas the right nigra contains more leftward neurons. The relationship between DA activity and movement kinematics was found on both appetitive trials using @entity969 and aversive trials using air puff, showing that these neurons belong to a velocity control circuit that can be used for any number of purposes, whether to seek reward or to avoid harm. In support of this conclusion, mimicry of the phasic activation of DA neurons with selective optogenetic stimulation could also generate movements. Contrary to the popular hypothesis that DA neurons encode reward prediction errors, our results suggest that nigrostriatal DA plays an essential role in controlling the kinematics of @entity717 . We hypothesize that DA signaling implements gain adjustment for adaptive transition control, and describe a new model of the basal ganglia (BG) in which DA functions to adjust the gain of the transition controller. This model has significant implications for our understanding of @entity717 implicating DA and the BG.

title: Beyond reward prediction errors: the role of XXXX in movement kinematics.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements', 'movement disorders']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: We aim to study the association between @entity4854 and in-hospital outcomes among @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2003 and 2013. All @entity1 < 16 years old who presented to the Emergency Department within 24 hours of @entity542 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS)  <= 13 were included. Our outcomes of interest were @entity204 , 14 ventilation-free, 14 pediatric intensive care unit- (PICU-) free, and 28 hospital-free days. @entity4854 was defined as @entity413 > 200   mg/dL (11.1   mmol/L). Among the 44 @entity1 analyzed, the median age was 8.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 5.0-11.0). Median GCS and pediatric @entity130 scores were 7 (IQR 4-10) and 4 (IQR 3-6), respectively. Initial @entity4854 was associated with @entity204 (37% in the @entity4854 group versus 8% in the normoglycemia group, p = 0.019), reduced median PICU-free days (6 days versus 11 days, p = 0.006), and reduced median ventilation-free days (8 days versus 12 days, p = 0.008). This association was however not significant in the stratified analysis of @entity1 with GCS  <= 8. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that early @entity4854 is associated with increased mortality, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and PICU stay in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: Early @entity4854 in Pediatric XXXX Predicts for Mortality, Prolonged Duration of Mechanical Ventilation, and Intensive Care Stay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: We aim to study the association between @entity4854 and in-hospital outcomes among @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital between 2003 and 2013. All @entity1 < 16 years old who presented to the Emergency Department within 24 hours of @entity542 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS)  <= 13 were included. Our outcomes of interest were @entity204 , 14 ventilation-free, 14 pediatric intensive care unit- (PICU-) free, and 28 hospital-free days. @entity4854 was defined as @entity413 > 200   mg/dL (11.1   mmol/L). Among the 44 @entity1 analyzed, the median age was 8.6 years (interquartile range (IQR) 5.0-11.0). Median GCS and pediatric @entity130 scores were 7 (IQR 4-10) and 4 (IQR 3-6), respectively. Initial @entity4854 was associated with @entity204 (37% in the @entity4854 group versus 8% in the normoglycemia group, p = 0.019), reduced median PICU-free days (6 days versus 11 days, p = 0.006), and reduced median ventilation-free days (8 days versus 12 days, p = 0.008). This association was however not significant in the stratified analysis of @entity1 with GCS  <= 8. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that early @entity4854 is associated with increased mortality, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, and PICU stay in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: Early XXXX in Pediatric @entity131 Predicts for Mortality, Prolonged Duration of Mechanical Ventilation, and Intensive Care Stay.

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: Split hand-split food @entity600 (SHFM) is a @entity154 of limb development that involves the central rays of the autopod and presents with median clefts of the hands and feet. It often includes syndactyly and @entity3894 / @entity509 of the phalanges. SHFM is a @entity74 with high genetic heterogeneity, with at least 6 associated chromosomal loci. A locus in chromosomal region 7q21.3, associated with SHFM is referred to as @entity8448 . Genes considered to be associated with @entity8448 are @entity20437 and @entity6133 . These two genes participate in the Wnt pathway that has a role in limb development. The gene @entity38809 , located proximally (centromeric) to the @entity8448 locus was recently reported to include enhancer sequences involved in limb development in its exons 15 and 17. These sequences were shown to cis-regulate the function of the adjacent SHFM associated genes. We report a family, in which the father and three of his sons carry an approximately 1  Mb deletion in this chromosomal region, arr[hg19]7q21.3(94,769,383-95,801,045)x1. The deleted region is located proximally (centromerically) adjacent to the SHFM region at 7q21.3. It does not include the SHFM candidate genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 , but includes the enhancer sequences within DYNC111 and six other genes centromeric to @entity38809 . All deletion carriers have various degrees of @entity717 while two of them have SHFM. This family is the eighth reported family where a chromosome 7q21.3 deletion co-segregating with SHFM involves the enhancer regions within gene DYNC111, but does not involve the genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 . This is also the third family where decreased penetrance of enhancer-associated SHFM is demonstrated. @entity717 was not observed in the previously reported families and may be associated with @entity942 or more of the 6 genes included in the reported deletion centromeric to @entity38809 .

title: 7q21.3 Deletion involving enhancer sequences within the gene XXXX presents with @entity717 and split hand-split foot @entity600 with decreased penetrance.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic condition']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual disability', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of one']

answer: @entity38809 :: (1780,Gene) :: ['DYNC1I1']


abstract: Split hand-split food @entity600 (SHFM) is a @entity154 of limb development that involves the central rays of the autopod and presents with median clefts of the hands and feet. It often includes syndactyly and @entity3894 / @entity509 of the phalanges. SHFM is a @entity74 with high genetic heterogeneity, with at least 6 associated chromosomal loci. A locus in chromosomal region 7q21.3, associated with SHFM is referred to as @entity8448 . Genes considered to be associated with @entity8448 are @entity20437 and @entity6133 . These two genes participate in the Wnt pathway that has a role in limb development. The gene @entity38809 , located proximally (centromeric) to the @entity8448 locus was recently reported to include enhancer sequences involved in limb development in its exons 15 and 17. These sequences were shown to cis-regulate the function of the adjacent SHFM associated genes. We report a family, in which the father and three of his sons carry an approximately 1  Mb deletion in this chromosomal region, arr[hg19]7q21.3(94,769,383-95,801,045)x1. The deleted region is located proximally (centromerically) adjacent to the SHFM region at 7q21.3. It does not include the SHFM candidate genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 , but includes the enhancer sequences within DYNC111 and six other genes centromeric to @entity38809 . All deletion carriers have various degrees of @entity717 while two of them have SHFM. This family is the eighth reported family where a chromosome 7q21.3 deletion co-segregating with SHFM involves the enhancer regions within gene DYNC111, but does not involve the genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 . This is also the third family where decreased penetrance of enhancer-associated SHFM is demonstrated. @entity717 was not observed in the previously reported families and may be associated with @entity942 or more of the 6 genes included in the reported deletion centromeric to @entity38809 .

title: 7q21.3 Deletion involving enhancer sequences within the gene @entity38809 presents with @entity717 and split hand-split foot XXXX with decreased penetrance.

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformation']


abstract: Split hand-split food @entity600 (SHFM) is a @entity154 of limb development that involves the central rays of the autopod and presents with median clefts of the hands and feet. It often includes syndactyly and @entity3894 / @entity509 of the phalanges. SHFM is a @entity74 with high genetic heterogeneity, with at least 6 associated chromosomal loci. A locus in chromosomal region 7q21.3, associated with SHFM is referred to as @entity8448 . Genes considered to be associated with @entity8448 are @entity20437 and @entity6133 . These two genes participate in the Wnt pathway that has a role in limb development. The gene @entity38809 , located proximally (centromeric) to the @entity8448 locus was recently reported to include enhancer sequences involved in limb development in its exons 15 and 17. These sequences were shown to cis-regulate the function of the adjacent SHFM associated genes. We report a family, in which the father and three of his sons carry an approximately 1  Mb deletion in this chromosomal region, arr[hg19]7q21.3(94,769,383-95,801,045)x1. The deleted region is located proximally (centromerically) adjacent to the SHFM region at 7q21.3. It does not include the SHFM candidate genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 , but includes the enhancer sequences within DYNC111 and six other genes centromeric to @entity38809 . All deletion carriers have various degrees of @entity717 while two of them have SHFM. This family is the eighth reported family where a chromosome 7q21.3 deletion co-segregating with SHFM involves the enhancer regions within gene DYNC111, but does not involve the genes @entity20437 and @entity6133 . This is also the third family where decreased penetrance of enhancer-associated SHFM is demonstrated. @entity717 was not observed in the previously reported families and may be associated with @entity942 or more of the 6 genes included in the reported deletion centromeric to @entity38809 .

title: 7q21.3 Deletion involving enhancer sequences within the gene @entity38809 presents with XXXX and split hand-split foot @entity600 with decreased penetrance.

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: Neoadjuvant @entity2213 for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is increasingly used nowadays. As oesophagectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality, a preoperative downsizing of an oesophageal @entity677 to limit the extent of resection would be ideal. Because these @entity5 are rare and neoadjuvant treatment with @entity2213 is recent, there is limited literature available regarding neoadjuvant administration of @entity2213 in @entity1 with oesophageal @entity5 . A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with total @entity1282 . An upper endoscopy and biopsy revealed a large submucosal KIT-positive @entity677 obstructing the mid oesophagus. CT confirmed a lesion measuring 99   mm * 50   mm * 104   mm. Because the size and location of the @entity5 increased the risk of intraoperative @entity397 , it was decided to administer preoperative @entity2213 . The @entity1 had an excellent clinical and radiological response. Her @entity1282 gradually resolved and the follow-up CT scans of the first 10 months showed a gradually reducing @entity5 size to 54   mm * 33   mm * 42   mm. The @entity1 underwent an uneventful laparoscopic-assisted Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy. Postoperatively, the @entity1 continued with adjuvant @entity2213 . At the last follow-up, 1 year from operation and 38 months from the diagnosis, the @entity1 is disease free.

title: Effective Downsizing of a Large Oesophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal @entity5 with Neoadjuvant @entity2213 Enabling an Uncomplicated and without XXXX Rupture Laparoscopic-Assisted Ivor-Lewis Oesophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'GISTs', 'tumours', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumours']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: Neoadjuvant @entity2213 for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is increasingly used nowadays. As oesophagectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality, a preoperative downsizing of an oesophageal @entity677 to limit the extent of resection would be ideal. Because these @entity5 are rare and neoadjuvant treatment with @entity2213 is recent, there is limited literature available regarding neoadjuvant administration of @entity2213 in @entity1 with oesophageal @entity5 . A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with total @entity1282 . An upper endoscopy and biopsy revealed a large submucosal KIT-positive @entity677 obstructing the mid oesophagus. CT confirmed a lesion measuring 99   mm * 50   mm * 104   mm. Because the size and location of the @entity5 increased the risk of intraoperative @entity397 , it was decided to administer preoperative @entity2213 . The @entity1 had an excellent clinical and radiological response. Her @entity1282 gradually resolved and the follow-up CT scans of the first 10 months showed a gradually reducing @entity5 size to 54   mm * 33   mm * 42   mm. The @entity1 underwent an uneventful laparoscopic-assisted Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy. Postoperatively, the @entity1 continued with adjuvant @entity2213 . At the last follow-up, 1 year from operation and 38 months from the diagnosis, the @entity1 is disease free.

title: Effective Downsizing of a Large Oesophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal XXXX with Neoadjuvant @entity2213 Enabling an Uncomplicated and without @entity5 Rupture Laparoscopic-Assisted Ivor-Lewis Oesophagectomy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: Neoadjuvant @entity2213 for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is increasingly used nowadays. As oesophagectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality, a preoperative downsizing of an oesophageal @entity677 to limit the extent of resection would be ideal. Because these @entity5 are rare and neoadjuvant treatment with @entity2213 is recent, there is limited literature available regarding neoadjuvant administration of @entity2213 in @entity1 with oesophageal @entity5 . A 50-year-old @entity1 presented with total @entity1282 . An upper endoscopy and biopsy revealed a large submucosal KIT-positive @entity677 obstructing the mid oesophagus. CT confirmed a lesion measuring 99   mm * 50   mm * 104   mm. Because the size and location of the @entity5 increased the risk of intraoperative @entity397 , it was decided to administer preoperative @entity2213 . The @entity1 had an excellent clinical and radiological response. Her @entity1282 gradually resolved and the follow-up CT scans of the first 10 months showed a gradually reducing @entity5 size to 54   mm * 33   mm * 42   mm. The @entity1 underwent an uneventful laparoscopic-assisted Ivor-Lewis oesophagectomy. Postoperatively, the @entity1 continued with adjuvant @entity2213 . At the last follow-up, 1 year from operation and 38 months from the diagnosis, the @entity1 is disease free.

title: Effective Downsizing of a Large Oesophageal Gastrointestinal Stromal @entity5 with Neoadjuvant XXXX Enabling an Uncomplicated and without @entity5 Rupture Laparoscopic-Assisted Ivor-Lewis Oesophagectomy.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib']


abstract: Background. @entity8523 is a rare @entity2 similar to fetal lung tissues. Surgical resection at early stage is more curative than other treatments, but there is no standard treatment in unresectable cases. We show a case treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab. Case. A 68-year-old @entity1 received surgical resection and was diagnosed with @entity8523 (pT3N0M0 stage IIB). @entity3 to the spleen was detected six weeks after the surgery. @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab were administered and showed an effect on the @entity3 . Four courses of the chemotherapy were completed, but a @entity3 was found and the @entity3 in the spleen was enlarged. After that, chemotherapy was not effective afterward and he died of the progression of @entity8523 on the 292nd day of illness. Conclusion. In this case, chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab was temporarily efficacious for @entity8523 .

title: A Case of @entity8523 Treated with XXXX and @entity1311 plus Bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['biphasic pulmonary blastoma', 'Pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: Background. @entity8523 is a rare @entity2 similar to fetal lung tissues. Surgical resection at early stage is more curative than other treatments, but there is no standard treatment in unresectable cases. We show a case treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab. Case. A 68-year-old @entity1 received surgical resection and was diagnosed with @entity8523 (pT3N0M0 stage IIB). @entity3 to the spleen was detected six weeks after the surgery. @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab were administered and showed an effect on the @entity3 . Four courses of the chemotherapy were completed, but a @entity3 was found and the @entity3 in the spleen was enlarged. After that, chemotherapy was not effective afterward and he died of the progression of @entity8523 on the 292nd day of illness. Conclusion. In this case, chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab was temporarily efficacious for @entity8523 .

title: A Case of XXXX Treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus Bevacizumab.

answer: @entity8523 :: (MESH:D018202,Disease) :: ['Biphasic Pulmonary Blastoma']


abstract: Background. @entity8523 is a rare @entity2 similar to fetal lung tissues. Surgical resection at early stage is more curative than other treatments, but there is no standard treatment in unresectable cases. We show a case treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab. Case. A 68-year-old @entity1 received surgical resection and was diagnosed with @entity8523 (pT3N0M0 stage IIB). @entity3 to the spleen was detected six weeks after the surgery. @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab were administered and showed an effect on the @entity3 . Four courses of the chemotherapy were completed, but a @entity3 was found and the @entity3 in the spleen was enlarged. After that, chemotherapy was not effective afterward and he died of the progression of @entity8523 on the 292nd day of illness. Conclusion. In this case, chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab was temporarily efficacious for @entity8523 .

title: A Case of @entity8523 Treated with @entity3003 and XXXX plus Bevacizumab.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) is a common procedure used in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity150 . Despite how often it is performed, not much is known about the risk factors for complications. Traditional surgery has an increase in morbidity and mortality with increasing operative duration. We assess the effect of operative duration on TURBT complications. METHODS: The years 2006 to 2012 of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) were queried for @entity1 undergoing TURBT. We separated @entity1 into 4 groups based on operative time: 0 to 30 minutes, 30.1 to 60 minutes, 60.1 to 90 minutes, and greater than 90 minutes. Standard statistical analysis including multivariate regression was performed to determine predictors of complications. RESULTS: A total of 10,599 TURBTs were included in our analysis. The overall complication rate for TURBT was 5.8% and there was an increase in the rate of complications seen as operative duration increased, which remained after controlling for age, comorbidities, @entity5 size, and American Society of Anesthesiology classification. Increased operative duration was associated with a greater risk of @entity293 , @entity295 or @entity326 , @entity1151 / @entity1150 , reintubation or failure to wean, @entity583 , and @entity204 . @entity5 were related to an increased odds of requiring blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Using a contemporary multicenter cohort of TURBTs from the ACS NSQIP database, we demonstrate that increased operative duration is associated with serious @entity260 . This association was found to persist even after adjusting for @entity1 age, comorbidities, @entity5 size, and functional status.

title: The effect of surgical duration of transurethral resection of XXXX on @entity260 : An analysis of ACS NSQIP data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) is a common procedure used in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity150 . Despite how often it is performed, not much is known about the risk factors for complications. Traditional surgery has an increase in morbidity and mortality with increasing operative duration. We assess the effect of operative duration on TURBT complications. METHODS: The years 2006 to 2012 of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) were queried for @entity1 undergoing TURBT. We separated @entity1 into 4 groups based on operative time: 0 to 30 minutes, 30.1 to 60 minutes, 60.1 to 90 minutes, and greater than 90 minutes. Standard statistical analysis including multivariate regression was performed to determine predictors of complications. RESULTS: A total of 10,599 TURBTs were included in our analysis. The overall complication rate for TURBT was 5.8% and there was an increase in the rate of complications seen as operative duration increased, which remained after controlling for age, comorbidities, @entity5 size, and American Society of Anesthesiology classification. Increased operative duration was associated with a greater risk of @entity293 , @entity295 or @entity326 , @entity1151 / @entity1150 , reintubation or failure to wean, @entity583 , and @entity204 . @entity5 were related to an increased odds of requiring blood transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: Using a contemporary multicenter cohort of TURBTs from the ACS NSQIP database, we demonstrate that increased operative duration is associated with serious @entity260 . This association was found to persist even after adjusting for @entity1 age, comorbidities, @entity5 size, and functional status.

title: The effect of surgical duration of transurethral resection of @entity150 on XXXX : An analysis of ACS NSQIP data.

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No study has applied the "fat-but-fit" paradigm with respect to muscular strength as an index of fitness, despite muscular strength being independently associated with functional ability and mortality. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between lower extremity muscular strength, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and all-cause mortality among normal weight, overweight and @entity28 individuals. METHODS: Data from the 1999-2002 NHANES were used (N=2740 adults; >= 50years). @entity1851 values were obtained from a blood sample. Lower body isokinetic knee extensor strength (IKES) was assessed using a Kin Kom MP isokinetic dynamometer. @entity1 data was linked to death certificate data from the National Death Index to ascertain all-cause mortality status. @entity1 were classified, based on body mass index (BMI) and strength as: normal weight and unfit (<75th IKES percentile); overweight and unfit; @entity28 and unfit: normal weight and fit (>= 75th IKES percentile); overweight and fit; and @entity28 and fit. RESULTS: Independent of physical activity and other confounders, compared to those who were normal weight and unfit, unfit overweight (b=.14, p=0.009), unfit @entity28 (b=.33, p<0.001), and @entity28 and fit (b=.17, p=0.008) @entity1 , had higher @entity1851 levels. However, there was no difference in @entity1851 levels between normal weight and unfit @entity1 and overweight and fit @entity1 (b=0.04, p=0.35). Compared to normal weight unfit adults, overweight fit (HR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.70; p=0.008) adults had a lower hazard rate for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that increased lower body strength, independent of physical activity, may reduce premature all-cause mortality and attenuate systemic @entity32 among overweight adults.

title: Lower extremity strength, systemic XXXX and all-cause mortality: Application to the "fat but fit" paradigm using cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4756 and opioid peptides play a central role in @entity158 transmission, modulation and inhibition. The treatment of @entity158 is very important in medicine and many studies using @entity9766 antagonists failed to show significant analgesic effects in @entity1 . Recent investigations suggest that both pronociceptive tachykinins and the analgesic opioid systems are important for normal @entity158 sensation. The analysis of opioid peptides in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues offers a great opportunity to verify the influence of the tachykinin system on specific opioid peptides. The objectives of this study were to develop an HPLC-MS/MRM assay to quantify targeted peptides in spinal cord tissues. Secondly, we wanted to verify if the @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 endogenous opioid system is hampered and therefore affects significantly the @entity158 modulatory pathways. Targeted neuropeptides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Our results reveal that EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A were down-regulated in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues. Interestingly, Dyn A was almost 3 fold down-regulated (p<0.0001). No significant concentration differences were observed in @entity19 @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cords for Met-Enk and @entity12819 . The analysis of @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 spinal cords revealed noteworthy decreases of EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A concentrations which strongly suggest a significant impact on the endogenous @entity158 -relieving mechanisms. These observations may have insightful impact on future analgesic drug developments and therapeutic strategies.

title: Liquid chromatography-electrospray linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of targeted neuropeptides in XXXX (-/-) @entity19 spinal cords reveals significant lower concentration of opioid peptides.

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['Tachykinin']

answer: @entity10501 :: (21333(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Tac1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4756 and opioid peptides play a central role in @entity158 transmission, modulation and inhibition. The treatment of @entity158 is very important in medicine and many studies using @entity9766 antagonists failed to show significant analgesic effects in @entity1 . Recent investigations suggest that both pronociceptive tachykinins and the analgesic opioid systems are important for normal @entity158 sensation. The analysis of opioid peptides in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues offers a great opportunity to verify the influence of the tachykinin system on specific opioid peptides. The objectives of this study were to develop an HPLC-MS/MRM assay to quantify targeted peptides in spinal cord tissues. Secondly, we wanted to verify if the @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 endogenous opioid system is hampered and therefore affects significantly the @entity158 modulatory pathways. Targeted neuropeptides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Our results reveal that EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A were down-regulated in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues. Interestingly, Dyn A was almost 3 fold down-regulated (p<0.0001). No significant concentration differences were observed in @entity19 @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cords for Met-Enk and @entity12819 . The analysis of @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 spinal cords revealed noteworthy decreases of EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A concentrations which strongly suggest a significant impact on the endogenous @entity158 -relieving mechanisms. These observations may have insightful impact on future analgesic drug developments and therapeutic strategies.

title: Liquid chromatography-electrospray linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of targeted neuropeptides in @entity10501 (-/-) XXXX spinal cords reveals significant lower concentration of opioid peptides.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a lack of studies using @entity3204 strains isolated from @entity1 @entity1 . Here, we present a pathological study of three strains obtained from @entity1 cases of @entity3251 in Brazil using inbred @entity19 after @entity281 with 10 tissue cysts. Multiplex-nested PCR-RFLP of eleven loci revealed atypical genotypes commonly found in Brazil: toxodb #8 for TgCTBr5 and TgCTBr16 strains and toxodb #11 for the TgCTBr9 strain. BALB/c and C57BL/6 @entity19 were evaluated for survival and histological changes during the acute phase of the disease. All @entity19 inoculated with the non-virulent TgCTBR5 strain survived after 30 days, although irreversible tissue damage was found. In contrast, no @entity19 were resistant to infection with the highly virulent TgCTBR9 strain. The TgCTBr16 strain resulted in 80% survival in @entity19 . However, this strain presented @entity281 , especially by the oral route of infection. Despite being identified with the same genotype, TgCTBr5 and TgCTBr16 strains showed biological differences. Histopathologic analysis revealed liver and lungs to be the most affected organs, and the pattern of tissue injury was similar to that found in @entity19 inoculated perorally with strains belonging to clonal genotypes. However, there was a variation in the intensity of ileum lesions according to @entity3204 and @entity19 lineage. C57BL/6 @entity19 showed higher susceptibility than BALB/c for histological lesions. Taken together, these results revealed that the pathogenesis of @entity3204 strains belonging to atypical genotypes can induce similar tissue damage to those from clonal genotypes, although intrinsic aspects of the strains seem critical to the induction of @entity13570 in the infected host.

title: Pathological changes in acute experimental toxoplasmosis with XXXX strains obtained from @entity1 cases of congenital disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['oral infection', 'low infectivity']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T.   gondii strain', 'Toxoplasma gondii', 'T.   gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is a lack of studies using @entity3204 strains isolated from @entity1 @entity1 . Here, we present a pathological study of three strains obtained from @entity1 cases of @entity3251 in Brazil using inbred @entity19 after @entity281 with 10 tissue cysts. Multiplex-nested PCR-RFLP of eleven loci revealed atypical genotypes commonly found in Brazil: toxodb #8 for TgCTBr5 and TgCTBr16 strains and toxodb #11 for the TgCTBr9 strain. BALB/c and C57BL/6 @entity19 were evaluated for survival and histological changes during the acute phase of the disease. All @entity19 inoculated with the non-virulent TgCTBR5 strain survived after 30 days, although irreversible tissue damage was found. In contrast, no @entity19 were resistant to infection with the highly virulent TgCTBR9 strain. The TgCTBr16 strain resulted in 80% survival in @entity19 . However, this strain presented @entity281 , especially by the oral route of infection. Despite being identified with the same genotype, TgCTBr5 and TgCTBr16 strains showed biological differences. Histopathologic analysis revealed liver and lungs to be the most affected organs, and the pattern of tissue injury was similar to that found in @entity19 inoculated perorally with strains belonging to clonal genotypes. However, there was a variation in the intensity of ileum lesions according to @entity3204 and @entity19 lineage. C57BL/6 @entity19 showed higher susceptibility than BALB/c for histological lesions. Taken together, these results revealed that the pathogenesis of @entity3204 strains belonging to atypical genotypes can induce similar tissue damage to those from clonal genotypes, although intrinsic aspects of the strains seem critical to the induction of @entity13570 in the infected host.

title: Pathological changes in acute experimental toxoplasmosis with @entity3204 strains obtained from XXXX cases of congenital disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug-containing nanoparticles, the foundation of nanomedicine, provide promise for the safe and effective delivery of drugs to their targets. In this study, we developed a simple method to determine the relative quantities of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs by HPLC using a commercially available monolithic @entity3440 column. @entity2379 - and @entity2600 -containing nanoparticles produced nearly simultaneous elution peaks (~7  min), suggesting that elution was largely driven by hydrodynamic effects and was relatively unaffected by differences in the encapsulated drug. A good correlation was observed between the intensity of the nanoparticle peak and the relative quantity of encapsulated drug. We used our method to characterize the effects of drug quantity and nanoparticle size on drug encapsulation rates within the nanoparticles. Encapsulation increased with increasing quantities of the drug in the preparation solution. This effect was greater for @entity2600 than for @entity2379 . Although absolute encapsulation also increased with increasing nanoparticle size, encapsulation efficiency decreased. Thus, the monolith column is suitable for evaluating nanomedicine quality and may be used to evaluate many kinds of nanomaterials. Graphical Abstract Evaluation method of quantity of drug encapsulated within nanoparticles was developed. The method can be applicable for a rapid quality assurance of nanomedicine.

title: Rapid evaluation of the quantity of drugs encapsulated within nanoparticles by high-performance liquid chromatography in a monolithic XXXX column.

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B', 'amphotericin B']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The clinical utility of routine electroencephalography (EEG) after a first unprovoked @entity410 remains uncertain. Its diagnostic accuracy in identifying adults and @entity1 with new onset @entity302 was examined. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining individuals who underwent routine EEG after a first unprovoked @entity410 and were followed for @entity410 recurrence for at least 1  year was performed. A 'positive' test was defined by the presence of @entity302 ( @entity302 ). Pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were calculated using a bivariate random effects regression model. In all, 3096 records were reviewed, from which 15 studies were extracted with a total of 1799 @entity1 . Amongst adult studies, the sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) of routine EEG were 17.3% (7.9, 33.8) and 94.7% (73.7, 99.1), respectively. Amongst @entity1 studies, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 57.8% (49.7, 65.6) and 69.6% (57.5, 79.5), respectively. Based upon our positive likelihood ratios, and assuming a pre-test probability of 50%, an adult with @entity302 on routine EEG after a first unprovoked @entity410 has a 77% probability of having a second @entity410 , whilst a @entity1 with similar findings has a 66% probability. Further studies are required to examine the impact of @entity1 characteristics and EEG features on the diagnostic accuracy of routine EEG for new onset @entity302 .

title: The diagnostic accuracy of routine electroencephalography after a first unprovoked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: As an advanced surgical procedure, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is associated with considerable morbidity, especially in the learning curve period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of endoscopy during LRYGB surgery in assessing the gastric pouch and @entity254 for air leak, @entity548 , and structure at the beginning of a bariatric surgery program. @entity1 who underwent LRYGB for morbid obesity between May 2008 and May 2009 were included in this study. After the completion of the @entity254 , an endoscopic examination was carried out. The transection line and @entity254 site were examined for @entity548 and patency and inspected for air leak under laparoscopic vision. Thirteen morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (mean body mass index, 48.0        6.8  kg/m(2)) were evaluated by endoscopic examination during the LRYGB operation. None of the cases had @entity548 at the transection line or @entity254 site. In two @entity1 , air leak test was positive and the @entity254 was reinforced with additional sutures. All the @entity1 , including those with positive air leak test, were discharged from the hospital with no leak complications. After a mean follow-up of 9.1        5.5  months, except for the @entity1 who underwent balloon dilatation, no other @entity1 had anastomotic stricture. Intraoperative endoscopy is invaluable in the assessment of @entity548 , anastomotic patency, and air leak during LRYGB, and it might be a helpful auxiliary tool to decrease morbidity during the learning curve period. Also, it helps solve intraoperative problems during the surgery so that @entity260 might be prevented.

title: Intraoperative endoscopic assessment of the pouch and XXXX during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Though necessary for improved outcomes, surgical resection is often limited in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 (LAPCs). We evaluated the efficacy of the approach adopted by our institution of using modified FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy followed by radiation with concurrent @entity136 or @entity416 for @entity1 with LAPCs, in an effort to enhance resectability while improving the @entity137 profile compared with similar treatment regimens. METHODS: We included 29 consecutive @entity1 with LAPC treated at our institution with the above approach in this review. We evaluated rates of resection, locol control, and survival outcomes in this cohort. RESULTS: The median follow up for this series of @entity1 was 15.2 months. Approximately half the @entity1 were unresectable at presentation. After neoadjuvant therapy, 41.3% of all @entity1 were able to undergo resection of their @entity5 and 83% achieved an R0 resection. One-year local control for the entire cohort was 85%; one-year progression-free and overall were 49.2% and 65.5%, respectively. High rates of @entity3 were seen regardless of resectability. There were minimal @entity137 in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant therapy with induction modified FOLFIRINOX and chemoradiation presents a well-tolerated, promising treatment approach for @entity1 with LAPC. High rates of @entity3 highlight the need to optimize systemic and targeted agents for @entity788 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:1028-1034.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Neoadjuvant modified FOLFIRINOX and chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced XXXX improves resectability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5990 can be a lethal disease, rarely suspected in the clinical scenario. It represents about 25% of all @entity1744 cases in @entity1 older than 65. There is a classification of @entity5990 based on the onset time: acute, subacute and chronic ( @entity751 ). We describe the first reported case of chronic @entity5990 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old female was admitted to the ER with a 15-day case of consistent @entity1744 . The subject reported a five-year history of recurrent hospital admissions that resolved spontaneously after non-surgical management. @entity751 was diagnosed and managed with enterolithotomy. After five days of postoperative evolution the @entity1 was discharged, and at six months follow up, no other hospital admission or relapse has been registered. DISCUSSION: The @entity5990 diagnosis demands a higher clinical suspicion, there is no biochemical marker, and an abdominal CT is ideal for imaging-based diagnosis. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical approach. CONCLUSION: We describe the first case of @entity751 and a gastro-jejune and gastric-choledochus double @entity292 . We emphasize the importance of higher clinical suspicion for @entity1 with @entity1744 older than 65 years old and make evident that although there are not evidence-based guidelines for this treatment, enterolithotomy is a recommended approach.

title: XXXX : A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['Gallstone ileus', 'gallstone ileus']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Karewsky syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Karewsky syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between changes in knee muscle strength (extensor and flexor muscles separately, and mean values) and changes in activity limitations in @entity1 with established @entity626 at 2 years. METHODS: Data from 186 @entity1 with @entity626 , part of the Amsterdam @entity571 cohort, were gathered at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Activity limitations were assessed using the Western Ontario and @entity571 Index (WOMAC) - Physical Function subscale, the Get Up and Go test (GUG), and the 12-steps stairs test. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between changes in muscle strength and changes in activity limitations, adjusting for relevant confounders and baseline activity limitations. RESULTS: There was an overall 16% increase in mean knee muscle strength (p   <   0.001), 19% increase in knee extensor muscle strength (p   <   0.001), and 17% increase in knee flexor muscle strength (p   <   0.001) at 2 years. Increased mean knee muscle strength and knee flexor muscle strength were associated with better self-reported physical function (WOMAC) (b   =   -5.7, p   =   0.03 and b   =   -6.2, p   =   0.05), decreased time on the GUG (b   =   -1.2, p   =   0.003 and b   =   -1.4, p   =   0.05) and decreased time on the stairs test (b   =   -4.4, p   <   0.001 and b   =   -6.6, p   <   0.001). Increased extensor muscle strength was associated only with decreased time on the stairs test (b   =   -2.7, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Increased knee muscle strength, mainly in the knee flexors, was associated with decreased activity limitations in @entity1 with @entity626 at 2 years. Thus, differences in muscle strength may partially explain the between- @entity1 variability in activity limitations.

title: Increased knee muscle strength is associated with decreased activity limitations in established XXXX : Two-year follow-up study in the Amsterdam @entity571 cohort.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster University Osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between changes in knee muscle strength (extensor and flexor muscles separately, and mean values) and changes in activity limitations in @entity1 with established @entity626 at 2 years. METHODS: Data from 186 @entity1 with @entity626 , part of the Amsterdam @entity571 cohort, were gathered at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Activity limitations were assessed using the Western Ontario and @entity571 Index (WOMAC) - Physical Function subscale, the Get Up and Go test (GUG), and the 12-steps stairs test. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between changes in muscle strength and changes in activity limitations, adjusting for relevant confounders and baseline activity limitations. RESULTS: There was an overall 16% increase in mean knee muscle strength (p   <   0.001), 19% increase in knee extensor muscle strength (p   <   0.001), and 17% increase in knee flexor muscle strength (p   <   0.001) at 2 years. Increased mean knee muscle strength and knee flexor muscle strength were associated with better self-reported physical function (WOMAC) (b   =   -5.7, p   =   0.03 and b   =   -6.2, p   =   0.05), decreased time on the GUG (b   =   -1.2, p   =   0.003 and b   =   -1.4, p   =   0.05) and decreased time on the stairs test (b   =   -4.4, p   <   0.001 and b   =   -6.6, p   <   0.001). Increased extensor muscle strength was associated only with decreased time on the stairs test (b   =   -2.7, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Increased knee muscle strength, mainly in the knee flexors, was associated with decreased activity limitations in @entity1 with @entity626 at 2 years. Thus, differences in muscle strength may partially explain the between- @entity1 variability in activity limitations.

title: Increased knee muscle strength is associated with decreased activity limitations in established @entity626 : Two-year follow-up study in the Amsterdam XXXX cohort.

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']