abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is a disorder characterized by vascular compression of the duodenum leading to mechanical obstruction. Surgical intervention is indicated in @entity1 who fail standard non-operative management, in which duodenojejunostomy is favored based on previous small series. Given the rarity of the condition, knowledge of the optimal indications for surgery, risk of @entity260 , and prognosis of @entity6029 after minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy is limited. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy for @entity6029 from March 2005 to December 2013 at our "healthcare system". We analyzed @entity1 ' presentations, work-up, surgical therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: A series of 14 @entity1 with @entity6029 underwent minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy. All of these @entity1 met clinical criteria of @entity6029 with radiological confirmation. Average @entity353 before surgery was 10.7  kg. @entity308 were comorbid in 6/14 @entity1 . The mean age was 39  years (19-91  years). Twelve operations were completed laparoscopically and two were performed with robotic assistance. Mean operation duration was 119  min and average length of hospital stay was 5.5  days. There were no immediate @entity260 . One @entity1 developed a delayed  anastomotic stricture that improved with single @entity384 . Initial symptom improvement occurred in all @entity1 and the improvement occurred in 11 @entity1 (79  %) during the follow-up. At a mean follow-up of 20  months, two @entity1 experienced complications, including one @entity281  at a simultaneously placed J-tube site and one @entity1 with dumping syndrome. Mean weight gain was 3.8  kg (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity6029 should be considered a potential diagnosis in @entity1 who present with a history of @entity391 , @entity158 , and @entity353 and confirmatory radiographic findings. In well-selected @entity1 , minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy is a safe and effective treatment for @entity6029 with excellent short-term outcomes.

title: Minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy for superior XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression and eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['persistent postprandial vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMAS', 'Superior mesenteric artery syndrome']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wilson, PB. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an analgesic and ergogenic @entity3224 in sport: a systemic review. J Strength Cond Res 29(10): 2980-2995, 2015-Ginger is a popular spice used to treat a variety of maladies, including @entity158 . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used by athletes to manage and prevent @entity158 ; unfortunately, NSAIDs contribute to substantial adverse effects, including @entity344 , exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, @entity2753 , impairment of connective tissue remodeling, endurance competition withdrawal, and @entity65 . Ginger, however, may act as a promoter of GI integrity and as a bronchodilator. Given these potentially positive effects of ginger, a systematic review of randomized trials was performed to assess the evidence for ginger as an analgesic and ergogenic @entity3224 for exercise training and sport. Among 7 studies examining ginger as an analgesic, the evidence indicates that roughly 2 g  d of ginger may modestly reduce @entity925 stemming from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged @entity5516 , particularly if taken for a minimum of 5 days. Among 9 studies examining ginger as an ergogenic @entity3224 , no discernable effects on body composition, metabolic rate, @entity26 consumption, isometric force generation, or perceived exertion were observed. Limited data suggest that ginger may accelerate recovery of maximal strength after eccentric resistance exercise and reduce the inflammatory response to @entity7047 . Major limitations to the research include the use of untrained individuals, insufficient reporting on adverse events, and no direct comparisons with NSAID ingestion. While ginger taken over 1-2 weeks may reduce @entity158 from eccentric resistance exercise and prolonged @entity5516 , more research is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an analgesic for a wide range of @entity2587 endeavors.

title: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an Analgesic and Ergogenic XXXX in Sport: A Systemic Review.

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory exercise']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['Aid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The porphyrias are a group of inherited @entity209 resulting from enzymatic deficiencies of specific haem biosynthetic enzymes. They can be classified as primarily acute and non-acute types. Clinically, the acute @entity99 (AHPs) are characterised by acute neurovisceral attacks. @entity1 with AHP may be at increased risk for development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, systematic studies on the occurrence of other @entity5 in @entity1 with the AHPs have not been performed to date. Here, we studied the development of @entity157 and distinct @entity5 in @entity1 with the AHPs registered in a single European porphyria specialist centre. A questionnaire was designed and sent to all individuals (n = 122) diagnosed between 1970 and 2012 of whom a valid address was available (n = 82), requesting information on their personal and family history of @entity5 . Statistical analysis was performed to calculate incidence, prevalence and relative risk of @entity157 . To calculate confidence intervals, a Poisson distribution was assumed. Forty-nine @entity1 (59.8%) returned a completed questionnaire. Overall, @entity157 was diagnosed in one female (2.1%), and the remaining @entity1 reported on six distinct @entity5 . We were able to confirm that @entity157 is an important complication in AHP. The @entity1 in our cohort had an approximately 35-fold increased risk of developing @entity157 , similar to observations in other European countries. In addition, we detected @entity0 as well as @entity706 and a liver @entity3 in @entity1 with AHP. However, considering the small number of @entity5 and @entity1 studied here, the data should be interpreted with caution, and further studies on @entity5 occurrence in AHP @entity1 will require a multicentre setting.

title: Occurrence of @entity5 in the Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colon, breast, uterine and thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic porphyrias']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Porphyrias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The porphyrias are a group of inherited @entity209 resulting from enzymatic deficiencies of specific haem biosynthetic enzymes. They can be classified as primarily acute and non-acute types. Clinically, the acute @entity99 (AHPs) are characterised by acute neurovisceral attacks. @entity1 with AHP may be at increased risk for development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, systematic studies on the occurrence of other @entity5 in @entity1 with the AHPs have not been performed to date. Here, we studied the development of @entity157 and distinct @entity5 in @entity1 with the AHPs registered in a single European porphyria specialist centre. A questionnaire was designed and sent to all individuals (n = 122) diagnosed between 1970 and 2012 of whom a valid address was available (n = 82), requesting information on their personal and family history of @entity5 . Statistical analysis was performed to calculate incidence, prevalence and relative risk of @entity157 . To calculate confidence intervals, a Poisson distribution was assumed. Forty-nine @entity1 (59.8%) returned a completed questionnaire. Overall, @entity157 was diagnosed in one female (2.1%), and the remaining @entity1 reported on six distinct @entity5 . We were able to confirm that @entity157 is an important complication in AHP. The @entity1 in our cohort had an approximately 35-fold increased risk of developing @entity157 , similar to observations in other European countries. In addition, we detected @entity0 as well as @entity706 and a liver @entity3 in @entity1 with AHP. However, considering the small number of @entity5 and @entity1 studied here, the data should be interpreted with caution, and further studies on @entity5 occurrence in AHP @entity1 will require a multicentre setting.

title: Occurrence of XXXX in the Acute @entity99 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant Tumours']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) is expressed on several malignant @entity5 of neuroendocrine origin, including @entity151 . In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of @entity5 -directed T-cell responses, elicited by @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic @entity9504 , in an orthotopic @entity19 model of disseminated @entity2 . In several cell lines, we demonstrated highly @entity7245 -selective retargeting of @entity281 using a bispecific adapter comprising the ectodomain of the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor and a @entity7245 -recognizing single-chain antibody domain. PolySia-dependent @entity281 in vivo facilitated effective uptake of viruses in subcutaneous @entity7245 -expressing @entity1 @entity5 , whereas hepatic viral load and hepatotoxicity were significantly reduced. The impact and nature of antitumoral immune responses triggered by systemic delivery of @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses were investigated in an orthotopic model of disseminated @entity2 . Interestingly, improved transduction by @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses led to @entity8236 -positive cell infiltrates in close association with large lytic areas. Consistently, enhanced @entity5 regression and prolonged survival was only observed in immunocompetent @entity19 , but not in @entity784 @entity19 . To investigate whether improved @entity281 by @entity7245 retargeting would elicit a @entity5 -specific T-cell response, we screened the used @entity2 cells for mutated oncogenes by complete exon sequencing. In agreement with our other results, only retargeted oncolysis was able to induce a significant response specific for the @entity5 -associated neoepitope Gsta2-Y9H. In conclusion, we demonstrated that effective retargeting of oncolytic adenovirus against @entity7245 -expressing @entity5 elicits an effective @entity5 -directed T-cell response after systemic virus delivery and facilitates therapy of disseminated @entity2 . Cancer Immunol Res; 3(7); 1-13.   2015 AACR.

title: PolySia-Specific Retargeting of Oncolytic Viruses Triggers Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and Facilitates Therapy of Disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['polySia', 'Polysialic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['polySia-positive lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection', 'adenoviral infection']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutively active regulatory enzyme that is important in @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity65 . While @entity71562 is usually important in neurodegenerative and @entity146 @entity46343 is fundamental in the inflammatory response caused by bacterial components. Peptidoglycan (PGN), one of the most abundant cell-wall structures of Gram-positive bacteria, is an important inducer of @entity32 . To evaluate whether inhibition of @entity71562 and @entity46343 activity in @entity291 endothelial cells (BEC) regulates the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity47143 , we treated BEC with @entity214 -purified PGN from @entity794 . We found that PGN triggered a TLR2/PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of @entity71562 at Ser21, @entity46343 at Ser9, and NF-kB p65 subunit (p65) at Ser536, and the phosphorylation of @entity71562 was consistently higher than that of @entity46343 . The expression of @entity47143 was inhibited in BEC stimulated with PGN and pre-treated with a specific neutralizing anti-TLR2 antibody that targets the extracellular domain of TLR2 or by the addition of Akt-i IV (an Akt inhibitor). Inhibition of @entity71562 and @entity46343 with @entity20134 or @entity25650 induced an increase in @entity47143 mRNA and protein. The effect of each isoform on @entity47143 expression was evaluated by siRNA-gene expression silencing of @entity71562 and @entity46343 . @entity71562 gene silencing resulted in a marked increase in @entity47143 mRNA and protein while @entity46343 gene silencing had the opposite effect on @entity47143 expression. These results indicate that the TLR2/PI3K/Akt-dependent inhibition of @entity71562 activity also plays an important role in the inflammatory response caused by stimulation of BEC with PGN from @entity794 .

title: The Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3a and b Isoforms Differentially Regulates Interleukin-12p40 Expression in Endothelial Cells Stimulated with Peptidoglycan from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: The aim of the study was to develop a short questionnaire for classifying @entity1 according to their use of salt in public health work. After pretesting the questionnaire it was modified to measure the saltiness of diet. It consisted of five questions concerning certain salting habits and self-rating of salt use, and the frequency of use of seven salty food items. The questionnaire was completed by 1471 @entity1 aged 14 to 65 who also collected one 24-hour urine sample. A sum index of all the questions was formed and called the Salt Index (SI). The correlation between the 24-hour urinary @entity1372 excretion and SI was 0.18 in @entity1 and 0.20 in @entity1 (both significant at p less than 0.001). @entity1 and @entity1 were classified into three groups according to their SI: low representing the lowest quintile, high representing the highest and medium containing all the other quintiles. The mean 24-hour urinary @entity1372 excretion was lowest in the low SI-category and highest in the high SI-category in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The subjects were further divided into light and heavy workers on the basis of their occupation. In this analysis the effect of both energy intake and the saltiness of the diet indicated by SI were clearly distinguished. @entity1 doing light work and having a low SI had the lowest @entity1372 excretion value, 148 mmol/day, and @entity1 doing heavy work and having a high SI had the highest, 260 mmol/day.

title: Assessment of XXXX intake by a short dietary questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate retrospectively the longevity of endodontically treated @entity4500 restored with direct resin composite without cusp coverage, with or without the insertion of fibre posts. The null hypothesis was that direct restorations with fibre posts perform better than those without fibre posts. METHODS: @entity1 recruited for this study were treated in the Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, University of Turin, between 2008 and 2011. In total, 247 @entity1 with 376 root treated posterior @entity4500 , restored with direct resin composite, were recalled for a control visit. Only second-class cavities were considered. Two groups were defined based on the absence (Group A) or presence (Group B) of fibre post. Failures and complications, such as periodontal failure, endodontic failure, tooth extraction, root @entity174 , post @entity174 , post debonding, replacement of restoration, crown displacement, and @entity174 , were noted. Functional restoration quality was evaluated following the modified USPHS criteria. Data were evaluated statistically with ANOVA. RESULTS: Group A consisted of 128 @entity1 with 178 restorations (88 premolars, 90 molars) with a median follow-up of 34.44 months. Group B consisted of 119 @entity1 with 198 @entity4500 (92 premolars, 106 molars) with a median follow-up of 35.37 months. Direct restorations with fibre posts were statistically significantly more functional (95.12% success) than those without fibre posts (80% success) because of less marginal discolouration, better marginal integrity, and higher restoration integrity. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis was accepted because direct post-endodontic restorations with fibre posts performed better than restorations without posts after 3 years of masticatory function. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: An evaluation of the longevity of post endodontic direct restoration would seem to enhance the fiber post insertion within a composite restoration to reduce clinical failures.

title: Longevity of class 2 direct restorations in root-filled XXXX : A retrospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['coronal-tooth fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['teeth']


abstract: Hemodynamic studies were carried out after cardiac catheterization with a floatation catheter in the pulmonary artery and cannulation of the brachial artery for the calculation of cardiac output by means of the Fick principle. Continuous pressure recordings were carried out at rest and under submaximal treadmill exercise in the supine body position in 5 homogeneous groups of 12 @entity1 , all with disorders due to @entity301 . In a control test, hemodynamic investigations were carried out at rest before medication, under stress and after recovery. Similar tests were performed after intravenous administration of either isotonic saline as placebo, @entity7220 (1.1 and 1.6 mg/kg) or @entity1855 (0.07 and 0.14 mg/kg). It was shown that there was a marked dose-related reduction in peripheral vascular resistance with a maximum effect occurring at 2-5 min after the intravenous administration of @entity7220 (1.1 and 1.6 mg/kg) reaching 23 and 39%, respectively, or @entity1855 (0.07 and 0.14 mg/kg) attaining 28 and 39%, respectively, at rest and, to a similar extent, under stress conditions. In @entity1 with sinus rhythm, the mean arterial pressure was reduced. Cardiac outputs and @entity64 volumes were increased at rest as well as under stress. There was no evidence of a depressant action of the drug on hemodynamic variables. An interplay of simultaneous changes in preload and afterload seems to be responsible for the effects obtained. The doses used were those commonly employed in the termination of supraventricular @entity591 . However, a potential depressant effect of @entity7220 in @entity1 with markedly reduced ventricular function is not excluded by this study.

title: Hemodynamic effects of calcium antagonists in cardiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7220 :: ('MESH:D013976', 'Chemical') :: ['tiapamil']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been a well-documented increase in the non-medical use of pharmaceutical opioids (PO) worldwide. However, there has been little detailed examination of treatment demand, or the characteristics of those presenting for treatment, particularly for treatments other than opioid substitution. METHODS: Data from closed drug and @entity167 treatment episodes from the @entity167 and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Data Set (AODTS-NMDS, representing non-opioid substitution treatment) in Australia for 2002-2003 to 2010-2011 were examined. In the four jurisdictions where detailed data were available, episodes where @entity4521 was the principal drug of concern were compared to episodes for the four most frequently reported pharmaceutical opioids ( @entity1286 , @entity10425 , @entity3575 and @entity1288 ). RESULTS: In 2002-2003, most (93%) opioid treatment was related to @entity4521 with seven percent of all opioid treatment episodes reporting a PO as the principal drug of concern. In 2010-2011, 20% of all opioid treatment episodes were attributed to POs. Distinct changes over time were observed for different opioids. There was an increase in the average age at the start of treatment for @entity4521 and @entity1288 episodes, and a reduction in the proportion of females for codeine episodes, with 67% in 2002-2003 compared with 44% in 2010-2011. @entity10425 and @entity1288 episodes had the lowest current or past injection rates. CONCLUSIONS: Clear differences were observed over time and between different opioids. Monitoring these emerging patterns will be important to inform treatment needs, particularly in light of different patterns of poly drug use, different routes of administration and changing demographic characteristics.

title: Changes in non-opioid substitution treatment episodes for pharmaceutical opioids and XXXX from 2002 to 2011.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity10425 :: ('MESH:D003061', 'Chemical') :: ['codeine', 'Codeine']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing @entity5 burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the @entity5 incidence. @entity9052 is known for its potential to treat various ailments in @entity1 beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of @entity9052 against chemical-induced @entity105 in mammals. METHODS: @entity1489 were induced in Swiss albino @entity19 by a single topical application of @entity3653 (100   g/100   L @entity1324 ) and, 2  wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% @entity1324 ) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16  wk). Hydroalcoholic @entity9052 root extract at a dose of 25  mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the peri-initiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. RESULTS: @entity9052 root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in @entity5 incidence, cumulative number of @entity5 , @entity5 yield, and @entity5 burden, as compared to the @entity3653 -croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, catalase, @entity620 , and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with @entity9052 root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity9052 has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce @entity5 in mammals.

title: Chemoprevention of chemical-induced @entity1489 by XXXX root extract.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['P.  ginseng', 'Ginseng', 'Panax ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Panax ginseng']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing @entity5 burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the @entity5 incidence. @entity9052 is known for its potential to treat various ailments in @entity1 beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of @entity9052 against chemical-induced @entity105 in mammals. METHODS: @entity1489 were induced in Swiss albino @entity19 by a single topical application of @entity3653 (100   g/100   L @entity1324 ) and, 2  wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% @entity1324 ) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16  wk). Hydroalcoholic @entity9052 root extract at a dose of 25  mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the peri-initiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. RESULTS: @entity9052 root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in @entity5 incidence, cumulative number of @entity5 , @entity5 yield, and @entity5 burden, as compared to the @entity3653 -croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, catalase, @entity620 , and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with @entity9052 root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity9052 has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce @entity5 in mammals.

title: Chemoprevention of chemical-induced XXXX by @entity9052 root extract.

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Metastases from @entity1358 represent between 0.25% and 3.00% of all resected @entity5 . The aim of this study was to review 13 @entity1 with @entity1358 metastatic to the pancreas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical data, time from initial presentation, operative outcome, long-term survival, @entity5 size, presence of lymphatic invasion, and surgical margin status were evaluated. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 62 years (mean 60.9). The median time for appearance of @entity3 following resection of the primary @entity5 was 9 years (mean 8.38). Pancreatic @entity3 were located in the head of the pancreas in four @entity1 , in the body in three, in the tail in two @entity1 , and four @entity1 had multiple pancreatic localisations. Four (30.7%) pancreatoduodenectomies, 5 (38.5%) distal resections, 2 (15.3%) total pancreatectomies, 1 (7.6%) enucleation, and 1 (7.6%) Roux duodenojejunostomy were performed. Two @entity1 (15.3%) had @entity260 . Operative mortality was 0%. Surgical margins were microscopically positive in 1 (8.3%) @entity1 , and lymph nodes were positive in 2 (16.6%) @entity1 . In our group of 7 deceased @entity1 the mean survival was 19 months (median 16 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 metastatic to the pancreas can occur several years after nephrectomy. In our series a large number of @entity1 with occurrence of symptoms, @entity5 , @entity3 to lymph node, and positive margin were connected with short survival period. Early detection of primary @entity5 , long and thorough @entity1 care, and radical resections give @entity1 a chance for a prolonged life.

title: Results of surgical management of XXXX metastatic to the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advancement of tumours', 'pancreatic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the causes of failure in the first operation and the revision procedure for @entity1 with @entity1635 due to @entity24148 . Nineteen @entity1 who underwent the revision operations because of failure in the first operation were included in this study. All the @entity600 were identified as fully segmented @entity24148 , including 16 cases in thoracolumbar vertebra (T10: 3 @entity1 ; T12: 7 @entity1 ; L1: 6 @entity1 ), and 3 cases in thoracic vertebra (T8). The causes of failure in the first operation and the outcome of revision procedure for @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 were successfully performed the personalized revision surgeries. The failure reasons of the first operation included limitations of the first operation procedure, no or incomplete resection of the malformed @entity24148 , improper operation during surgery, improper internal fixation material, and improper internal fixation scope. The average postoperative scoliosis Cobb's angle and @entity1513 Cobb's angle were corrected from 54.1   preoperatively to 23.1   postoperatively, and 59.3   preoperatively to 25.8   postoperatively, respectively. The average postoperative distance between the C7 plumb line and the center sacral vertical line was decreased from 2.5 cm preoperatively to 1.5 cm postoperatively. The average follow-up period was 2.2 years. No serious complication was observed. The cause of the failure of the first operations for the @entity1635 due to @entity24148 is verified. Our study may provide a basis for the treatment of @entity1635 due to @entity24148 .

title: The causes of the failure and the revision methods for @entity1635 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity24148 :: ('MESH:C535881', 'Disease') :: ['hemivertebra']

answer: @entity24148 :: (MESH:C535881,Disease) :: ['hemivertebra']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the causes of failure in the first operation and the revision procedure for @entity1 with @entity1635 due to @entity24148 . Nineteen @entity1 who underwent the revision operations because of failure in the first operation were included in this study. All the @entity600 were identified as fully segmented @entity24148 , including 16 cases in thoracolumbar vertebra (T10: 3 @entity1 ; T12: 7 @entity1 ; L1: 6 @entity1 ), and 3 cases in thoracic vertebra (T8). The causes of failure in the first operation and the outcome of revision procedure for @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 were successfully performed the personalized revision surgeries. The failure reasons of the first operation included limitations of the first operation procedure, no or incomplete resection of the malformed @entity24148 , improper operation during surgery, improper internal fixation material, and improper internal fixation scope. The average postoperative scoliosis Cobb's angle and @entity1513 Cobb's angle were corrected from 54.1   preoperatively to 23.1   postoperatively, and 59.3   preoperatively to 25.8   postoperatively, respectively. The average postoperative distance between the C7 plumb line and the center sacral vertical line was decreased from 2.5 cm preoperatively to 1.5 cm postoperatively. The average follow-up period was 2.2 years. No serious complication was observed. The cause of the failure of the first operations for the @entity1635 due to @entity24148 is verified. Our study may provide a basis for the treatment of @entity1635 due to @entity24148 .

title: The causes of the failure and the revision methods for XXXX due to @entity24148 .

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['congenital scoliosis']


abstract: Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) can ameliorate the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). However, the potential pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the potential effective components and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of DCQD in target tissue in experimental @entity656 in @entity35 . Methods. Acute @entity788 -like symptoms were first induced in @entity35 and then they were given different doses of DCQD (6   g/kg, 12   g/kg, and 24   g/kg body weight) orally. Tissue drug concentration, tissue pathological score, and inflammatory mediators in pancreas, intestine, and lung tissues of @entity35 were examined after 24 hours, respectively. Results. Major components of DCQD could be found in target tissues and their concentrations increased in conjunction with the intake dose of DCQD. The high-dose compounds showed maximal effect on altering levels of anti-inflammatory ( @entity12718 and @entity13358 ) and proinflammatory markers ( @entity5 @entity39 factor a and @entity568 ) and ameliorating the pathological damage in target tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions. DCQD could alleviate pancreatic, intestinal, and @entity651 by altering levels of inflammatory cytokines in @entity656 @entity35 with tissue distribution of its components.

title: Tissue Pharmacology of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction in Experimental Acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) can ameliorate the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). However, the potential pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the potential effective components and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of DCQD in target tissue in experimental @entity656 in @entity35 . Methods. Acute @entity788 -like symptoms were first induced in @entity35 and then they were given different doses of DCQD (6   g/kg, 12   g/kg, and 24   g/kg body weight) orally. Tissue drug concentration, tissue pathological score, and inflammatory mediators in pancreas, intestine, and lung tissues of @entity35 were examined after 24 hours, respectively. Results. Major components of DCQD could be found in target tissues and their concentrations increased in conjunction with the intake dose of DCQD. The high-dose compounds showed maximal effect on altering levels of anti-inflammatory ( @entity12718 and @entity13358 ) and proinflammatory markers ( @entity5 @entity39 factor a and @entity568 ) and ameliorating the pathological damage in target tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions. DCQD could alleviate pancreatic, intestinal, and @entity651 by altering levels of inflammatory cytokines in @entity656 @entity35 with tissue distribution of its components.

title: Tissue Pharmacology of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction in Experimental Acute @entity788 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Background. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 with few reported cases in the literature. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male with @entity918 induced @entity788 who developed @entity4 . Case Presentation. A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sharp epigastric @entity490 that radiated to the back and chest. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness and distention with hypoactive bowel sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed @entity656 . The @entity1 's condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After he improved and was transferred out of the ICU, the @entity1 developed swelling of the scrotum and penis. Ultrasound (US) of the scrotum showed large hydrocele bilaterally with no varicoceles or testicular masses. Good blood flow was observed for both testicles. The swelling diminished over the next eight days with the addition of Lasix and the @entity1 was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 . It usually resolves spontaneously with conservative medical management such as diuretics and elevation of the legs.

title: @entity4 as a Complication of @entity918 Induced Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Scrotal swelling', 'scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: Background. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 with few reported cases in the literature. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male with @entity918 induced @entity788 who developed @entity4 . Case Presentation. A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sharp epigastric @entity490 that radiated to the back and chest. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness and distention with hypoactive bowel sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed @entity656 . The @entity1 's condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After he improved and was transferred out of the ICU, the @entity1 developed swelling of the scrotum and penis. Ultrasound (US) of the scrotum showed large hydrocele bilaterally with no varicoceles or testicular masses. Good blood flow was observed for both testicles. The swelling diminished over the next eight days with the addition of Lasix and the @entity1 was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 . It usually resolves spontaneously with conservative medical management such as diuretics and elevation of the legs.

title: @entity4 as a Complication of XXXX Induced Acute @entity788 .

answer: @entity918 :: (MESH:D006852,Chemical) :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide']


abstract: Background. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 with few reported cases in the literature. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male with @entity918 induced @entity788 who developed @entity4 . Case Presentation. A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sharp epigastric @entity490 that radiated to the back and chest. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness and distention with hypoactive bowel sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed @entity656 . The @entity1 's condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After he improved and was transferred out of the ICU, the @entity1 developed swelling of the scrotum and penis. Ultrasound (US) of the scrotum showed large hydrocele bilaterally with no varicoceles or testicular masses. Good blood flow was observed for both testicles. The swelling diminished over the next eight days with the addition of Lasix and the @entity1 was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 . It usually resolves spontaneously with conservative medical management such as diuretics and elevation of the legs.

title: XXXX as a Complication of @entity918 Induced Acute @entity788 .

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Scrotal Swelling']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity788 is one of the most lethal @entity1 @entity5 and appropriate experimental @entity5 models are needed for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This paper describes an experimental model of @entity1 @entity788 and a related non invasive imaging technique suitable for monitoring @entity5 growth and metastatization. The aim of the work was the implementation of an experimental platform suitable for assessing the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 @entity788 cells (PANC-1-Luc+) were injected into the pancreas of female athymic @entity4897 @entity19 . Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 4.7T and Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) were performed in each @entity19 at three time points after cell inoculation (1, 2 and 3months). Two groups of @entity19 were studied: the first group of n=13 @entity19 in which 5*10(6) cells were injected and the second group of n=10 @entity19 in which 2*10(6) cells were injected. MRI examination included T2w acquisitions and (at the last time point) Dynamic-contrast-enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI). RESULTS: Each @entity19 underwent three longitudinal MRI and BLI examinations. BLI was more sensitive than MRI producing higher detection rate at early time points. Moreover in one case of abdominal dissemination of @entity788 cells, small tumoral masses were detected by BLI and not detected by MRI. However BLI appears more prone to experimental error most likely due to photon attenuation. In 4 @entity19 BLI produced false negative results. DCE-MRI experiments providing information on @entity5 perfusion were conducted successfully in this anatomical district and demonstrated that the @entity5 tissues from the second experimental group are more vascularized compared to the first group. CONCLUSION: The present study performed on the experimental model of @entity788 here described shows that MRI and BLI are complementary techniques and that synergistic application of both can overcome the intrinsic limitations of each.

title: XXXX growth using magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A model of highly metastasizing @entity0 was reproduced and standardized in experiments on BALB/c @entity19 . 4T1 cells characterized by high metastatic activity were transfected with @entity11432 ( @entity11432 ) gene or firefly luciferase (Luc2) gene. Unmodified 4T1 cells and modified 4T1- @entity11432 and 4T1-Luc2 cells were subcutaneously injected to mature female @entity19 into the second mammary fat pads. Quantitative evaluation of the primary node and visceral @entity3 was performed using magnetic-resonance imaging, X-ray and optical tomography. Modification of 4T1 cells with @entity11432 gene considerably reduced their invasive and metastatic potential and led to spontaneous regression of the @entity5 in 20% cases. Modification of 4T1 cells with Luc2 gene had practically no effect on proliferative, invasive, and metastatic characteristics of the @entity5 and provided the possibility of quantitative analysis of the @entity5 dynamics by the luminescence intensity. The survival median in @entity19 receiving unmodified 4T1 cells and transfected 4T1- @entity11432 and 4  1-Luc2 cells was 32, 42, and 38 days, respectively. Neither primary node nor @entity5 @entity3 accumulated gadolinium-containing contrast agent and Alasens fluorescent tracer. After implantation of 4T1 and 4  1-Luc2 cells, multiple @entity3 were more often detected in the lungs, liver, spleen, spine, and regional lymph nodes and less frequently in the brain, which corresponded to metastasizing profile of @entity1 @entity0 . The developed model of @entity0 4T1 in BALB/c @entity19 with complex detection of multiple organ @entity3 using X-ray microCT, optical, and MRI can be recommended for preclinical studies of new antitumor preparations.

title: Modeling and Integral X-Ray, Optical, and MRI Visualization of Multiorgan Metastases of Orthotopic 4T1 XXXX in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic breast carcinoma', 'orthotopic allogeneic breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity11432 :: ('19720(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['red fluorescent protein', 'RFP']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A model of highly metastasizing @entity0 was reproduced and standardized in experiments on BALB/c @entity19 . 4T1 cells characterized by high metastatic activity were transfected with @entity11432 ( @entity11432 ) gene or firefly luciferase (Luc2) gene. Unmodified 4T1 cells and modified 4T1- @entity11432 and 4T1-Luc2 cells were subcutaneously injected to mature female @entity19 into the second mammary fat pads. Quantitative evaluation of the primary node and visceral @entity3 was performed using magnetic-resonance imaging, X-ray and optical tomography. Modification of 4T1 cells with @entity11432 gene considerably reduced their invasive and metastatic potential and led to spontaneous regression of the @entity5 in 20% cases. Modification of 4T1 cells with Luc2 gene had practically no effect on proliferative, invasive, and metastatic characteristics of the @entity5 and provided the possibility of quantitative analysis of the @entity5 dynamics by the luminescence intensity. The survival median in @entity19 receiving unmodified 4T1 cells and transfected 4T1- @entity11432 and 4  1-Luc2 cells was 32, 42, and 38 days, respectively. Neither primary node nor @entity5 @entity3 accumulated gadolinium-containing contrast agent and Alasens fluorescent tracer. After implantation of 4T1 and 4  1-Luc2 cells, multiple @entity3 were more often detected in the lungs, liver, spleen, spine, and regional lymph nodes and less frequently in the brain, which corresponded to metastasizing profile of @entity1 @entity0 . The developed model of @entity0 4T1 in BALB/c @entity19 with complex detection of multiple organ @entity3 using X-ray microCT, optical, and MRI can be recommended for preclinical studies of new antitumor preparations.

title: Modeling and Integral X-Ray, Optical, and MRI Visualization of Multiorgan Metastases of Orthotopic 4T1 @entity0 in BALB/c XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Moderate wine consumption has been associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk, but most investigations have been conducted in Caucasian populations. To investigate the relationship of wine consumption to CV risk markers, we studied a multi-ethnic sample of middle-aged, healthy @entity1 (N = 2900; 48% white, 28% black, 7% Hispanic, 8% Chinese, 9% Japanese) participating in SWAN over 7 years with repeated assessments of CV risk factors. Consumption of wine was stable and common with 20% reporting none, 69% light (<1/day), 7% moderate ( = 1/day), and 4% heavy (>1/day). To guard against underreporting, we took the maximum reported wine consumption over 7 years as the predictor. We used mixed models with a random intercept and random time to assess the relationship between wine consumption and CV risk factors with moderate consumption as the reference. Outcome variables were log-transformed where necessary. Longitudinal models were adjusted for ethnicity, age, and time-varying menopausal status, hormone therapy use, overall @entity167 consumption, high density lipoprotein (HDL), statin use, and a healthy lifestyle score based on physical activity, not smoking, and weight maintenance. Interactions of wine consumption with time were not significant. Moderate wine consumers had significantly lower levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 , p < .001), @entity2002 (p < .001), factor VII (p < .01), and plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 , p < .05) than @entity1 who drank no or little wine. These associations were independent of significant effects of healthy lifestyle and overall @entity167 consumption and similar across ethnic groups. Moderate wine consumption may protect against CVD via inflammatory and clotting pathways.

title: Moderate wine consumption is associated with lower hemostatic and inflammatory risk factors over 8 years: The study of XXXX 's health across the nation (SWAN).

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. PURPOSE: To determine the ability of hyaluronidase to provide longer lasting @entity158 relief and functional improvement in @entity1 with @entity614 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Selective nerve root block (SNRB) is a good treatment option in @entity614 . We studied the effectiveness of hyaluronidase when added to the traditional SNRB regimen. METHODS: A sample size of 126 @entity1 per group was necessary. A sample of 252 @entity1 who underwent an injection procedure with or without hyaluronidase due to @entity614 was included in this study. The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups: the control (C) group and the hyaluronidase (H) group. After SNRB due to @entity614 , the visual analog scale (VAS) was compared at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks between the two groups, and the @entity717 index (ODI) was compared at 12 weeks between the two groups. RESULTS: Both groups seemed to have general improvement in VAS, but in C group, the VAS was higher than the H group 2 and 4 weeks after the surgery, and the difference in time-group change between 2 groups was statistically significant (p <0.05). ODI improved in both groups, and the difference in time-group change between 2 groups was not statistically significant (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rebound @entity158 (the re-occurrence of @entity158 within 2-4 weeks after injection) that occurs within 2-4 weeks after the injection of the routine regimen can be reduced when hyaluronidase is added to the routine SNRB regimen.

title: An evaluation of the effectiveness of hyaluronidase in the selective nerve root block of XXXX : a double blind, controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['radiculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity683 infections can lead to @entity5131 , @entity1729 or facilitate co- @entity281 by other pathogens. @entity683 is associated with the exacerbation of chronic conditions like @entity6 and @entity65 and consequently, these result in acute hospitalizations. This study estimated the number, proportions and costs from a payer perspective of hospital admissions related to severe @entity1729 . METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively, a database of all acute inpatient stays from a non-random sample of eleven hospitals using the Belgian Minimal Hospital Summary Data. Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification was used to identify and diagnose cases of @entity55 and @entity683 (PI), respiratory and circulatory (RC), and the related complications. RESULTS: During 2002-2007, we estimated relative hospital admission rates of 1.69% (20960/1237517) and 21.79% (269634/1237517) due to primary PI and RC, respectively. The highest numbers of hospital admissions with primary diagnosis as PI were reported for the elderly @entity1 group (n   =   10184) followed by for @entity1 below five years of age (n   =   3451). Of the total primary PI and RC hospital admissions, 56.14% (11768/20960) and 63.48% (171172/269634) of cases had at least one possible @entity683 -related complication with the highest incidence of complications reported for the elderly @entity1 group. Overall mortality rate in @entity1 with PI and RC were 9.25% (1938/20960) and 5.51% (14859/269634), respectively. Average lengths of hospital stay for PI was 11.6        12.3  days whereas for RC it was 9.1        12.7  days. Annual average costs were 20.2 and 274.6 million @entity7634 for PI and RC hospitalizations. Average cost per hospitalization for PI and RC were 5779 and 6111 @entity7634 (2007), respectively. These costs increased with the presence of complications (PI: 7159, RC: 7549 @entity7634 ). CONCLUSION: The clinical and economic burden of primary @entity683 hospitalizations in Belgium is substantial. The elderly @entity1 group together with @entity1 aged <18  years were attributed with the majority of all primary PI and RC hospitalizations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

title: XXXX and @entity683 , and respiratory and circulatory hospital admissions in Belgium: a retrospective database study.

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'Influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infection', 'acute respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity683 infections can lead to @entity5131 , @entity1729 or facilitate co- @entity281 by other pathogens. @entity683 is associated with the exacerbation of chronic conditions like @entity6 and @entity65 and consequently, these result in acute hospitalizations. This study estimated the number, proportions and costs from a payer perspective of hospital admissions related to severe @entity1729 . METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively, a database of all acute inpatient stays from a non-random sample of eleven hospitals using the Belgian Minimal Hospital Summary Data. Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification was used to identify and diagnose cases of @entity55 and @entity683 (PI), respiratory and circulatory (RC), and the related complications. RESULTS: During 2002-2007, we estimated relative hospital admission rates of 1.69% (20960/1237517) and 21.79% (269634/1237517) due to primary PI and RC, respectively. The highest numbers of hospital admissions with primary diagnosis as PI were reported for the elderly @entity1 group (n   =   10184) followed by for @entity1 below five years of age (n   =   3451). Of the total primary PI and RC hospital admissions, 56.14% (11768/20960) and 63.48% (171172/269634) of cases had at least one possible @entity683 -related complication with the highest incidence of complications reported for the elderly @entity1 group. Overall mortality rate in @entity1 with PI and RC were 9.25% (1938/20960) and 5.51% (14859/269634), respectively. Average lengths of hospital stay for PI was 11.6        12.3  days whereas for RC it was 9.1        12.7  days. Annual average costs were 20.2 and 274.6 million @entity7634 for PI and RC hospitalizations. Average cost per hospitalization for PI and RC were 5779 and 6111 @entity7634 (2007), respectively. These costs increased with the presence of complications (PI: 7159, RC: 7549 @entity7634 ). CONCLUSION: The clinical and economic burden of primary @entity683 hospitalizations in Belgium is substantial. The elderly @entity1 group together with @entity1 aged <18  years were attributed with the majority of all primary PI and RC hospitalizations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.

title: @entity55 and XXXX , and respiratory and circulatory hospital admissions in Belgium: a retrospective database study.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with severe @entity295 , @entity308 of cardiac performance is common and is often associated with left ventricular (LV) dilatation to maintain @entity64 volume. Although it is essential to optimize cardiac preload to maintain tissue perfusion in @entity1 with severe @entity295 , the optimal preload remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of global end-diastolic volume index (GEDI) as a parameter of cardiac preload in the early phase of severe @entity295 . METHODS: Ninety-three mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity647 /acute @entity649 syndrome secondary to @entity295 were enrolled for subgroup analysis in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. @entity1 were divided into two groups-with @entity295 -induced @entity296 ( @entity3257 ) and without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 )-according to a threshold LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% on the day of enrollment. Both groups were further subdivided according to a threshold @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ) of 13% as a parameter of fluid responsiveness. RESULTS: On the day of enrollment, there was a positive correlation (r   =   0.421, p   =   0.045) between GEDI and @entity6355 in the @entity3257 group, whereas this paradoxical correlation was not found in the @entity3257 group and both groups on day 2. To evaluate the relationship between attainment of cardiac preload optimization and GEDI value, GEDI with @entity6355  <=13% and @entity6355 >13% was compared in both the @entity3257 and @entity3257 groups. @entity6355  <=13% implies the attainment of cardiac preload optimization. Among @entity1 with @entity3257 , GEDI was higher in @entity1 with @entity6355 >13% than in @entity1 with @entity6355  <=13% on the day of enrollment (872 [785-996] mL/m(2) vs. 640 [597-696] mL/m(2); p   <   0.001); this finding differed from the generally recognized relationship between GEDI and @entity6355 . However, GEDI was not significantly different between @entity1 with @entity6355  <=13% and @entity6355 >13% in the @entity3257 group on the day of enrollment and both groups on day 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the early phase of severe @entity295 in mechanically ventilated @entity1 , there was no constant relationship between GEDI and fluid reserve responsiveness, irrespective of the presence of @entity3257 . GEDI should be used as a cardiac preload parameter with awareness of its limitations.

title: Limitations of global end-diastolic volume index as a parameter of cardiac preload in the early phase of severe XXXX : a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse oncological and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP) in @entity1 with @entity263 and to compare outcomes of @entity1 within and outside the European Association of Urology (EAU) guideline criteria (organ-confined @entity263  <=T2b, Gleason score  <=7 and preoperative PSA level <10  ng/mL) for SRP. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 55 @entity1 who underwent SRP from January 2007 to December 2012 were retrospectively analysed. Kaplan-Meier curves assessed time to biochemical recurrence (BCR), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 -specific survival. Cox regressions addressed factors influencing BCR and @entity3 . BCR was defined as a PSA level of >0.2  ng/mL and rising, continence as the use of 0-1 safety pad/day, and potency as a five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function score of >= 18. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36  months. After SRP, 42.0% of the @entity1 experienced BCR, 15.9% developed @entity3 , and 5.5% died from @entity263 . @entity1 fulfilling the EAU guideline criteria were less likely to have positive lymph nodes (LNs) and had significantly better BCR-free survival (5-year BCR-free survival 73.9% vs 11.6%; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, low-dose-rate brachytherapy as primary treatment (P = 0.03) and presence of positive LNs at SRP (P  = 0.02) were significantly associated with worse BCR-free survival. The presence of positive LNs or Gleason score >7 at SRP were independently associated with @entity3 . The urinary continence rate at 1  year after SRP was 74%. Seven @entity1 (12.7%) had complications >= III (Clavien grade). CONCLUSION: SRP is a safe procedure providing @entity5 control and reasonable urinary continence. Oncological outcomes are significantly better in @entity1 who met the EAU guideline recommendations.

title: Salvage radical prostatectomy for XXXX : verification of European Association of Urology guideline criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'recurrent prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['good cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'MFS', 'metastasis-free survival']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['recurrent prostate cancer']


abstract: Eight @entity1 (7 females and one male) ranging in age from 6 to 30 years (mean 11.2 years), with secundum-type @entity118 (o.s. @entity2438 ) and @entity2419 (CVM) were surgically corrected at the Cardiac Surgery Department of Massa Hospital (Massa-Italy) from 1974 to 1981. All @entity1 were studied with non invasive diagnostic techniques and with cardiac catheterization and angiography. All had @entity339 of variable degree. On the ECG, there were P and QRS wave abnormalities but no superior quadrant QRS axis deviation suggestive of @entity4007 . At operation the cleft(s) was found in variable positions: on the anterior leaflet in 4 cases and on the posterior leaflet in four. In two cases there was a double cleft. Correction was accomplished in 5 cases with direct repair of CVM, associated with various types of anuloplasty and in 2 cases anuloplasty only was done, without suturing the cleft. The @entity1757 was closed by direct suture in one case and with a Dacron patch in the remaining seven. There was one early death in the first 24 hour post-operatively. The seven surviving @entity1 have been followed for a period of time ranging between 2 and 93 months (mean 29 months). No survivor has been re-evaluated by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. No @entity1 shows clinical or non-invasive evidence of residual @entity339 behind grade I (slight). We conclude that: 1) the CVM associated with o.s. @entity2438 cannot be securely diagnosed preoperatively with the common diagnostic techniques, even when producing severe @entity339 , except perhaps by B-mode echocardiography; 2) the CVM (part of the spectrum of endocardial @entity600 ) in no cases was associated with the typical ECG or angiocardiographic abnormalities; 3) the CVM associated with o.s. @entity2438 should always be repaired because, compared to the CVM that occurs with @entity4007 , its site and regurgitation characteristics are variable, and simple @entity2438 closure may not be sufficient.

title: [Ostium secundum type of @entity1757 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4007 :: ('MESH:D004694', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial cushion defect', 'endocardial cushion defects']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cushion defect malformations']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft mitral valve']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft mitral valve']


abstract: Eight @entity1 (7 females and one male) ranging in age from 6 to 30 years (mean 11.2 years), with secundum-type @entity118 (o.s. @entity2438 ) and @entity2419 (CVM) were surgically corrected at the Cardiac Surgery Department of Massa Hospital (Massa-Italy) from 1974 to 1981. All @entity1 were studied with non invasive diagnostic techniques and with cardiac catheterization and angiography. All had @entity339 of variable degree. On the ECG, there were P and QRS wave abnormalities but no superior quadrant QRS axis deviation suggestive of @entity4007 . At operation the cleft(s) was found in variable positions: on the anterior leaflet in 4 cases and on the posterior leaflet in four. In two cases there was a double cleft. Correction was accomplished in 5 cases with direct repair of CVM, associated with various types of anuloplasty and in 2 cases anuloplasty only was done, without suturing the cleft. The @entity1757 was closed by direct suture in one case and with a Dacron patch in the remaining seven. There was one early death in the first 24 hour post-operatively. The seven surviving @entity1 have been followed for a period of time ranging between 2 and 93 months (mean 29 months). No survivor has been re-evaluated by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. No @entity1 shows clinical or non-invasive evidence of residual @entity339 behind grade I (slight). We conclude that: 1) the CVM associated with o.s. @entity2438 cannot be securely diagnosed preoperatively with the common diagnostic techniques, even when producing severe @entity339 , except perhaps by B-mode echocardiography; 2) the CVM (part of the spectrum of endocardial @entity600 ) in no cases was associated with the typical ECG or angiocardiographic abnormalities; 3) the CVM associated with o.s. @entity2438 should always be repaired because, compared to the CVM that occurs with @entity4007 , its site and regurgitation characteristics are variable, and simple @entity2438 closure may not be sufficient.

title: [Ostium secundum type of XXXX associated with @entity2419 ].

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['interatrial septal defect']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives. Verbal memory (VM) impairment is a trait feature of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) that is present at illness onset and associated with functional outcome. However, little is known about the morphological abnormalities underlying this deficit early in the disease course. This study examined the neurobiological correlates of @entity73 in euthymic newly diagnosed @entity1 , with attention to frontal and medial temporal (MT) structures known to contribute to VM. Methods. Euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 recently recovered from their first episode of @entity162 (n = 42) were compared with healthy subjects (n = 37) using measures of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II) associated with frontal and MT functioning. A subset of @entity1 had 3T MRI scan (n = 31 @entity1 group, n = 30 healthy subject group). Hippocampal and prefrontal volumes were analyzed using FreeSurfer 5.1 and correlated with their corresponding CVLT-II subscores. Results. @entity1 showed decreased performance in total learning as well as short and long delay verbal recall. Consistent with @entity409 , they also showed @entity1650 and @entity4207 . In the @entity1 group only, left hippocampal volumes were negatively correlated with these measures. Conclusions. These results suggest that anomalous MT functioning is involved with @entity73 early in the course of @entity162 .

title: Verbal memory impairment in new onset XXXX : Relationship with frontal and medial temporal morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BDI', 'bipolar I disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['VM impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MT dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in recognition discriminability']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning slope']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal technique for removal of diminutive or small @entity1127 is debatable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the complete resection rates of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and @entity36468 ( @entity36468 ) for the removal of @entity6523   <=7  mm. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 139 @entity1 who were found to have  >= 1 @entity6523   <=7  mm. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1127 were randomized to be treated with either CSP or @entity36468 . After the initial polypectomy, additional EMR was performed at the polypectomy site to assess the presence of residual polyp tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Absence of residual polyp tissue in the EMR specimen of the polypectomy site was defined as complete resection. RESULTS: Among a total of 145 @entity1127 , 128 (88.3%) were @entity6523 . The overall complete resection rate  for @entity6523 was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the @entity36468 group (57/59, 96.6% vs 57/69, 82.6%; P  = .011). Although the complete resection rates for @entity6523   <=4  mm were not different (27/27, 100% vs 31/32, 96.9%; P  = 1.000), the complete resection rates for @entity6523 sized 5 to 7  mm was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the @entity36468 group (30/32, 93.8% vs 26/37, 70.3%; P  = .013). LIMITATIONS: Single-center study. CONCLUSION: CSP is recommended for the complete resection of @entity6523   <=7  mm. ( CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01665898.).

title: Cold snare polypectomy versus XXXX for diminutive and small @entity1127 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity36468 :: ('MESH:C536385', 'Disease') :: ['cold forceps polypectomy', 'CFP']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'Polyps']

answer: @entity36468 :: (MESH:C536385,Disease) :: ['cold forceps polypectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal technique for removal of diminutive or small @entity1127 is debatable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the complete resection rates of cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and @entity36468 ( @entity36468 ) for the removal of @entity6523   <=7  mm. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 139 @entity1 who were found to have  >= 1 @entity6523   <=7  mm. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1127 were randomized to be treated with either CSP or @entity36468 . After the initial polypectomy, additional EMR was performed at the polypectomy site to assess the presence of residual polyp tissue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Absence of residual polyp tissue in the EMR specimen of the polypectomy site was defined as complete resection. RESULTS: Among a total of 145 @entity1127 , 128 (88.3%) were @entity6523 . The overall complete resection rate  for @entity6523 was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the @entity36468 group (57/59, 96.6% vs 57/69, 82.6%; P  = .011). Although the complete resection rates for @entity6523   <=4  mm were not different (27/27, 100% vs 31/32, 96.9%; P  = 1.000), the complete resection rates for @entity6523 sized 5 to 7  mm was significantly higher in the CSP group compared with the @entity36468 group (30/32, 93.8% vs 26/37, 70.3%; P  = .013). LIMITATIONS: Single-center study. CONCLUSION: CSP is recommended for the complete resection of @entity6523   <=7  mm. ( CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01665898.).

title: Cold snare polypectomy versus @entity36468 for diminutive and small XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['colorectal polyps']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Liver function test (LFT) abnormalities are often observed in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relation of LFTs with outcomes has not been well described. @entity1 of the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (3 inpatient facilities and 7 community clinics) with a complete set of LFTs in the 60  days before a first @entity712 diagnosis were included in the analysis from January 2005 to April 2013. A total of 2,096 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. @entity1 were a mean of 71    12  years old, 97% were @entity1 , 57% had a previous diagnosis of @entity741 , and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 51    12%. The median (twenty fifth and seventy fifth) values were albumin 3.6 g/dl (3.3, 3.9), @entity493 transaminase 21 IU/L (16, 30), @entity492 transaminase 24 IU/L (20,31), AP 70 IU/L (57, 87), and total @entity648 0.8 mg/dl (0.6, 1.0). There were 851 deaths (41%) over a mean duration of 41    27  months. Mortality significantly increased with lower values of albumin and @entity493 transaminase and higher levels of @entity492 transaminase and AP. The association with total @entity648 was not significant. In conclusion, many LFT values in the "normal" range are independently associated with decreased survival beyond traditional risk factors for mortality in @entity712 .

title: Effect of Minor Liver Function Test Abnormalities and Values Within the Normal Range on Survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Embryonic germ (EG) cells are the results of reprogramming primordial germ cells (PGC) in vitro. Studying these cells can be of benefit in determining the mechanism by which specialized cells acquire pluripotency. Therefore in the current study we have tried to derive @entity35 EG cells with inhibition of @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, @entity35 PGCs were cultured under feeder free condition with two small molecules that inhibited the above mentioned pathways. Under this condition only two-day presence of @entity7418 ( @entity7418 ) as a survival factor was applied for PGC reprogramming. Pluripotency of the resultant EG cells were further confirmed by immunofluorescent staining, directed differentiation ability to neural and cardiac cells, and their contribution to @entity44 formation as well. Moreover, chromosomal stability of two different EG cells were assessed through G-banding technique. RESULTS: Formerly, derivation of @entity35 EG cells were observed solely in the presence of glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( @entity9096 ) and MEK pathway inhibitors. Due to some drawbacks of inhibiting @entity9096 molecules such as @entity2008 , in the present study we have attempted to assess a feeder-free protocol that derives EG cells by the simultaneous suppression of @entity1810 signaling and the MEK pathway. We have shown that @entity35 EG cells could be generated in the presence of two inhibitors that suppressed the above mentioned pathways. Of note, inhibition of @entity1810 instead of @entity9096 significantly maintained chromosomal integrity. The resultant EG cells demonstrated the hallmarks of pluripotency in protein expression level and also showed in vivo and in vitro differentiation capacities. CONCLUSION: @entity35 EG cells with higher karyotype stability establish from PGCs by inhibiting @entity1810 and MEK signaling pathways.

title: Generation of XXXX Embryonic Germ Cells via Inhibition of TGF   and MEK Pathways.

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b', 'TGFb']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['increases in chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The spatial attention mechanisms of orienting and zooming cooperate to properly select visual information from the environment and plan eye movements accordingly. Despite the fact that orienting ability has been extensively studied in infancy, the zooming mechanism - namely, the ability to distribute the attentional resources to a small or large portion of the visual field - has never been tested before. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the attentional zooming abilities of 8-month-old @entity1 . An eye-tracker device was employed to measure the @entity24147 ( @entity24147 ) at the onset of a @entity227 at two eccentricities. The size of the more eccentric target was adjusted in order to counteract the effect of cortical magnification. Before the target display, attentional resources were automatically focused (zoom-in) or spread out (zoom-out) by using a small or large cue, respectively. Two different cue-target intervals were also employed to measure the time course of this attentional mechanism. The results showed that @entity1 ' @entity24147 varied as a function of the cue size. Moreover, a clear time course emerged, demonstrating that @entity1 can rapidly adjust the attentional focus size during a pre-saccadic temporal window. These findings could serve as an early marker for @entity245 associated with attentional zooming dysfunction such as @entity2438 and @entity5545 .

title: The attentional 'zoom-lens' in 8-month-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual target displayed']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity24147 :: ('MESH:C537423', 'Disease') :: ['SLs', 'saccadic latencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against @entity7638 ( @entity7638 ) and is approved for the therapy of relapsing-remitting @entity15 . The application of alemtuzumab leads to a rapid, but long-lasting depletion predominantly of @entity7638 -bearing B and T cells with reprogramming effects on immune cell composition resulting in the restoration of tolerogenic networks. Alemtuzumab has proven high efficacy in clinical phase II and III trials, where interferon b-1a was used as active comparator. However, alemtuzumab is associated with frequent and considerable risks. Most importantly secondary @entity792 affects 30%-40% of @entity1 , predominantly impairing thyroid function. Extensive monitoring and early intervention allow for an appropriate risk management. However, new and reliable biomarkers for individual risk stratification and treatment response to improve @entity1 selection and therapy guidance are a significant unmet need. Only a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action (MOA) will reveal such markers, maximizing the best potential risk-benefit ratio for the individual @entity1 . This review provides and analyses the current knowledge on the MOA of alemtuzumab. Most recent data on efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab are presented and future research opportunities are discussed.

title: Alemtuzumab in XXXX : Mechanism of Action and Beyond.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7638 :: ('1043', 'Gene') :: ['CD52', 'cluster of differentiation 52']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: A missing or @entity604 plate is often an important limiting factor for immediate implant placement. @entity702 dental implants enhanced with porous @entity11608 -based trabecular metal material (PTTM) are designed for osseoincorporation, a combination of vascularized bone ingrowth and osseointegration (bone on-growth). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) contains growth factors with good handling characteristics. However, the combination of these 2 materials in @entity604 regeneration associated with immediate implant therapy has not been reported. A 65-year-old Asian @entity1 presented with a failing central incisor. Most of the @entity604 plate of the socket was missing. A PTTM enhanced implant was immediately placed with @entity79 . Cone beam computed tomography scans 12 months after the insertion of the definitive restoration showed regeneration of @entity604 . A combination of a PTTM enhanced implant, @entity79 , and a custom healing abutment may have an advantage in retaining biologically active molecules and form a scaffold for @entity2295 and osteogenesis. This treatment protocol may be a viable option for immediate implant therapy in a failed tooth with @entity604 .

title: Immediate placement of a porous-tantalum, trabecular metal-enhanced XXXX dental implant with demineralized bone matrix into a socket with @entity79 : a clinical report.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['facial alveolar bone', 'buccal alveolar bone', 'deficient buccal alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Demineralized bone matrix', 'DBM']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: A missing or @entity604 plate is often an important limiting factor for immediate implant placement. @entity702 dental implants enhanced with porous @entity11608 -based trabecular metal material (PTTM) are designed for osseoincorporation, a combination of vascularized bone ingrowth and osseointegration (bone on-growth). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) contains growth factors with good handling characteristics. However, the combination of these 2 materials in @entity604 regeneration associated with immediate implant therapy has not been reported. A 65-year-old Asian @entity1 presented with a failing central incisor. Most of the @entity604 plate of the socket was missing. A PTTM enhanced implant was immediately placed with @entity79 . Cone beam computed tomography scans 12 months after the insertion of the definitive restoration showed regeneration of @entity604 . A combination of a PTTM enhanced implant, @entity79 , and a custom healing abutment may have an advantage in retaining biologically active molecules and form a scaffold for @entity2295 and osteogenesis. This treatment protocol may be a viable option for immediate implant therapy in a failed tooth with @entity604 .

title: Immediate placement of a porous-tantalum, trabecular metal-enhanced @entity702 dental implant with demineralized bone matrix into a socket with XXXX : a clinical report.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['deficient buccal bone']


abstract: This work is focused on the development of an analytical procedure for the improvement of the Organic Matter structure characterization, particularly the @entity62 . Two fractions of algal organic matter from laboratory cultures of algae ( @entity4051 ) and cyanobacteria ( @entity16589 ) were extracted with XAD resins. The fractions were studied using laser desorption ionization (LDI) and Matrix-Assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- @entity215 ). A comparison with the natural organic matter characteristics from commercial humic acids and fulvic acids extracted from Suwannee River was performed. Results show that algal and natural organic matters have unique quasi-polymeric structures. Significant repeating patterns were identified. Different fractions extracted from organic matter with common origin had common structures. Thus, 44, 114 and 169Da peaks separation for fractions from @entity4051 organic matter and 28, 58 and 100Da for @entity16589 ones were clearly observed. Using the developed protocol, a structural scheme and organic matter composition were obtained. The range 600-2000Da contained more architectural composition differences than the range 100-600Da, suggesting that organic matter is composed of an assembly of common small molecules. Associated to specific monomers, particular patterns were common to all samples but assembly and resulting structure were unique for each organic matter. Thus, XAD fractionation coupled to mass spectroscopy allowed determining a specific fingerprint for each organic matter.

title: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- XXXX -MS) coupled to XAD fractionation: Method to algal organic matter characterization.

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['M. aeruginosa', 'Microcystis aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['algal matter']

entities_list: @entity4051 :: ('3039', 'Species') :: ['Euglena gracilis', 'E. gracilis']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['TOF']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Flexor digitorum longus transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy have shown favourable results in the treatment of adult acquired flat @entity5109 stage 2. Little is known about the resorbable interference screw for tendon fixation and postoperative @entity1 satisfaction though. Moreover possible changes of radiographic parameters at final follow-up, possible implant-associated complications and differences concerning clinical results at final follow-up to other studies using bone tunnel techniques for fixation of the FDL tendon were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 21 feet in 21 @entity1 with a mean age of 51  years were evaluated pre- and postoperatively after a standardised operative procedure using MDCO and FDL transfer with interference screw fixation. @entity1 were evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot Score and the Visual Analogue Scale at an average follow-up of 20  months. Hindfoot radiographic parameters were evaluated according to AOFAS guidelines. For statistical analysis SPSS v.15.0.1 was used. RESULTS: The average AOFAS Score (from 42 to 95 points) and VAS (from 0.5 to 8 points) both increased significantly (p  <  0.001 each) from preoperative to final follow-up as well as the hindfoot valgus (from 10 to 4 degrees (p  =  0.005)) and the lateral talo-first metatarsal angle (from 13.6 preoperative to 5.2   at follow-up). 88 percent of @entity1 evaluated the postoperative result with "very good" or "good". Implant-associated complications could not be detected. CONCLUSION: We conclude that interference screw fixation for FDL transfer is a safe and promising operative technique, allowing a smaller skin incision without disrupting the normal interconnections at the knot of Henry, while achieving very high @entity1 satisfaction and improving postoperative function as well as relieving @entity158 . This method is technically easy to perform, has a low complication risk and we, therefore, recommend this fixation technique in @entity1 with adult acquired @entity85 stage 2.

title: Interference screw for fixation of FDL transfer in the treatment of adult acquired flat XXXX stage II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformity']


abstract: @entity281 with oncogenic types of @entity1082 ) is the most important risk factor associated with @entity5 . This study detected the oncogenic HPV genotypes in cervical @entity5 in relation to clinicopathological findings using a cross-sectional descriptive method in 2011 and 2012. Cervical swabs and colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy tissues were collected from 108 @entity1 (median age 45 years;range 20-78) showing cervical cytological changes at Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar. HPV DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. HPV was identified in @entity1 with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 1 (44.4%), CIN2 (63.2%), CIN3 (70.6%), and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) (74.1%). The association between cervical @entity5 and HPV positivity was highly significant (p   0.008). Most @entity1 infected with HPV were between 40-49 years of age, and the youngest were in the 20- to 29-year-old age group. The most common genotype was @entity1799 (65.6%) with the following distribution:70% in CIN1, 41.7% in CIN2, 91.7% in CIN3, and 60% in @entity957 . HPV-31 was the second-most frequent (21.9%):30% in CIN1, 33.3% in CIN2, 8.3% in CIN3, and 15% in @entity957 . The third-most frequent-genotype was HPV-18 (7.8%):8.3% in CIN1, and 20% in @entity957 . Another genotype was HPV-58 (4.7%):16.7% in CIN1 and 5% in @entity957 . The majority of @entity3146 / @entity957 cases were associated with HPV genotypes 16, 31, 18, and 58. If oncogenic HPV genotypes are positive, the possibility of cervical @entity5 can be predicted. Knowledge of the HPV genotypes distribution can predict the effectiveness of the currently used HPV vaccine.

title: Trend of XXXX genotypes in cervical @entity5 observed in a newly developing township in yangon, myanmar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Persistent infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity281 with oncogenic types of @entity1082 ) is the most important risk factor associated with @entity5 . This study detected the oncogenic HPV genotypes in cervical @entity5 in relation to clinicopathological findings using a cross-sectional descriptive method in 2011 and 2012. Cervical swabs and colposcopy-directed cervical biopsy tissues were collected from 108 @entity1 (median age 45 years;range 20-78) showing cervical cytological changes at Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar. HPV DNA testing and genotyping were performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. HPV was identified in @entity1 with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 1 (44.4%), CIN2 (63.2%), CIN3 (70.6%), and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) (74.1%). The association between cervical @entity5 and HPV positivity was highly significant (p   0.008). Most @entity1 infected with HPV were between 40-49 years of age, and the youngest were in the 20- to 29-year-old age group. The most common genotype was @entity1799 (65.6%) with the following distribution:70% in CIN1, 41.7% in CIN2, 91.7% in CIN3, and 60% in @entity957 . HPV-31 was the second-most frequent (21.9%):30% in CIN1, 33.3% in CIN2, 8.3% in CIN3, and 15% in @entity957 . The third-most frequent-genotype was HPV-18 (7.8%):8.3% in CIN1, and 20% in @entity957 . Another genotype was HPV-58 (4.7%):16.7% in CIN1 and 5% in @entity957 . The majority of @entity3146 / @entity957 cases were associated with HPV genotypes 16, 31, 18, and 58. If oncogenic HPV genotypes are positive, the possibility of cervical @entity5 can be predicted. Knowledge of the HPV genotypes distribution can predict the effectiveness of the currently used HPV vaccine.

title: Trend of @entity1082 genotypes in cervical XXXX observed in a newly developing township in yangon, myanmar.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: The development of @entity6522 is a common aging change in industrialized nations. While most @entity1 have asymptomatic @entity7261 , around one in five develops symptomatic @entity66 . This is characterized by recurrent @entity490 and disturbed bowel habit. Some of the @entity158 episodes are prolonged and are due to @entity697 , which itself may be complicated by abscess, perforation, fistulation, or @entity850 formation. Risk factors favouring the development of symptomatic @entity66 include @entity28 , smoking and diets low in fiber but high in red meat and animal fat. What determines the transition from asymptomatic @entity7261 to symptomatic @entity66 is unclear but neuromuscular changes following @entity697 may be responsible in some cases. The severity of symptoms generated depends on @entity158 processing which is influenced by psychosocial factors. These are important considerations in deciding optimal @entity1 management. Prior theories of the cause of @entity7261 suggested that @entity1142 was an important cause, but new data challenge this and has provoked new ideas. Underlying mechanisms causing @entity7261 include weakening of the @entity1049 . Dietary induced changes in microbiota and the host inflammatory response may underlie the subsequent development of acute/chronic @entity4436 and its sequela.

title: Changing views on XXXX : impact of aging, @entity28 , diet, and microbiota.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6522 :: ('MESH:D043963', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cerebral pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic wall and/or degenerative changes in the enteric nerves']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: The development of @entity6522 is a common aging change in industrialized nations. While most @entity1 have asymptomatic @entity7261 , around one in five develops symptomatic @entity66 . This is characterized by recurrent @entity490 and disturbed bowel habit. Some of the @entity158 episodes are prolonged and are due to @entity697 , which itself may be complicated by abscess, perforation, fistulation, or @entity850 formation. Risk factors favouring the development of symptomatic @entity66 include @entity28 , smoking and diets low in fiber but high in red meat and animal fat. What determines the transition from asymptomatic @entity7261 to symptomatic @entity66 is unclear but neuromuscular changes following @entity697 may be responsible in some cases. The severity of symptoms generated depends on @entity158 processing which is influenced by psychosocial factors. These are important considerations in deciding optimal @entity1 management. Prior theories of the cause of @entity7261 suggested that @entity1142 was an important cause, but new data challenge this and has provoked new ideas. Underlying mechanisms causing @entity7261 include weakening of the @entity1049 . Dietary induced changes in microbiota and the host inflammatory response may underlie the subsequent development of acute/chronic @entity4436 and its sequela.

title: Changing views on @entity66 : impact of aging, XXXX , diet, and microbiota.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']