abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity6 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity227 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity6 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity989 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity1011 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . The degree of @entity989 was classified as no @entity989 , background, or sight-threatening @entity989 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity4 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity989 . @entity227 was defined as a @entity227 <0.5 and @entity1939 as a @entity227 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity1 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity989 , 45% (51/114) background @entity989 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity989 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity989 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity227 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity1 who developed any @entity989 and @entity1 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity989 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity1 who developed any @entity989 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity1 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity989 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity989 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity989 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity1723 . The number of @entity1 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: @entity6 , @entity227 , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 XXXX @entity1 under routine care.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe incidence and progression of @entity6 in relation to medical risk indicators as well as @entity227 outcome after a continuous follow-up period of 10 years in a Type 1 @entity6 population treated under routine care. The incidence and progression of @entity989 and their association to HbA(1c), blood pressure, urinary albumin, serum @entity1011 levels, and insulin dosage were studied prospectively in 452 Type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . The degree of @entity989 was classified as no @entity989 , background, or sight-threatening @entity989 , i.e. clinically significant macular @entity4 , severe nonproliferative, or @entity989 . @entity227 was defined as a @entity227 <0.5 and @entity1939 as a @entity227 < or =0.1 in the best eye. In @entity1 still alive at follow-up (n=344), 61% (69/114) developed any @entity989 , 45% (51/114) background @entity989 , and 16% (18/114) sight-threatening @entity989 . Progression from background to sight-threatening @entity989 occurred in 56% (73/131). In 2% (6/335), @entity227 dropped to <0.5 and in less than 1% (3/340) to < or =0.1. @entity1 who developed any @entity989 and @entity1 who progressed to sight-threatening @entity989 had higher mean HbA(1c) levels over time compared to those who remained stable (P<.001 in both cases). @entity1 who developed any @entity989 had higher levels of mean diastolic blood pressure (P=.036), whereas no differences were seen in systolic blood pressure levels between the groups. Cox regression analysis, including all @entity1 , showed mean HbA(1c) to be an independent risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity989 , whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was only a risk indicator for the incidence of @entity989 . Metabolic control is an important risk indicator for both development and progression of @entity989 , whereas diastolic blood pressure is important for the development of @entity1723 . The number of @entity1 who became blind during 10 years of follow-up was low.

title: @entity6 , @entity227 , and medical risk indicators: a continuous 10-year follow-up study in Type 1 @entity6 XXXX under routine care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'Impaired visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy in Type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exacerbations of @entity565 have been associated with exposure to @entity1787 or particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). We postulated in this study that the association of summertime air pollution (i.e. @entity1787 and PM10) with acute respiratory symptoms, medication use and peak expiratory flow differs among @entity1 grouped according to @entity565 severity. During the summer of 1995, effects of ambient air pollution on these parameters were studied in a panel of 60 nonsmoking @entity1 with intermittent to severe persistent @entity565 . These @entity1 were recruited from our Pulmonary Out- @entity1 Clinic. Subgroup analysis was performed on the degree of hyperresponsiveness and lung @entity134 use before the start of the study, as indictors for the severity of @entity565 . Associations of the parameters studied with @entity1787 , PM10, @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), @entity12546 ( @entity9734 ) and black smoke were evaluated using time series analysis. Several episodes with increased summertime air pollution occurred during the 96 day study period. Eight hour average @entity1787 concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (120 microg x m(-3)) on 16 occasions. Daily mean levels of PM10 were moderately elevated (range 16-98 microg x m(-3)). Levels of the other measured pollutants were low. There was a consistent, positive association of the prevalence of @entity1353 (maximal relative risk (RRmax) 1.18) with @entity1787 , PM10, black smoke and @entity6836 . In addition, bronchodilator use was associated with both @entity1787 and PM10 levels (RRmax 1.16). Stratification by airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity134 use did not affect the magnitude of the observed associations. No associations with peak expiratory flow measurements were found. We conclude that the severity of @entity565 is not an indicator for the sensitivity to air pollution.

title: XXXX severity and susceptibility to air pollution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity12546 :: ('CHEBI:18422', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a suitable viral vector for transgene expression within the @entity1 vestibular organs. BACKGROUND: In vivo introduction and expression of a foreign gene within the cochlear tissues have been established using a variety of viral vectors and @entity840 as the animal model. However, the vestibular neuroepithelia of the @entity1 inner ear as a potential target for transgene expression remain to be investigated. METHODS: Transgene expression was assessed within the vestibular neuroepithelia of @entity840 after intracochlear infusion of the recombinant AAV vector with the aid of an osmotic minipump. Evaluation of the transgene within the vestibular apparatus focused on its duration of expression from 2-24 weeks after intracochlear AAV infusion using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the @entity7791 ( @entity7791 )-infused animals, the sensory hair cells as well as the supporting epithelial cells of cristae and maculae were positive for the transgene expression. The relative level of @entity7791 expression was noted to decrease progressively over time. @entity394 also was observed in the contralateral ear, a finding that has been documented previously in AAV-integrated transgene expression in the cochlea. CONCLUSION: This study reports the first demonstration of introduction and long-term transgene expression within the vestibular neuroepithelia. The ability to express a foreign gene with the vestibular system allows the possibility of experimental and therapeutic application of gene therapy technology to address vestibular function and dysfunction.

title: Expression of adeno-associated virus integrated transgene within the XXXX vestibular organs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-gal', 'AAV-beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['Transduction of the vestibular neuroepithelia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: AIMS: Previously numerous investigators reported about impairment of cerebrovascular reserve capacity in @entity6 . However, no similar data are available about @entity1 suffering from @entity2175 . The goal of the study was to assess cerebrovascular reserve in Type II @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 14 @entity2175 @entity1 and 20 healthy controls were studied. Middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity was measured at rest and during 20 minutes after i.v. administration of 1 g. @entity3791 . Velocities measured after @entity3791 were compared to resting values and were expressed as the percent increase of the mean velocity. Data obtained in diabetics and healthy @entity1 were compared using Student's t-test. The correlation between age of the @entity1 , @entity6 duration, actual blood @entity413 -, insulin-, glycosylated hemoglobin-, urine microalbumin concentrations and resting blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reserve capacity was assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Resting cerebral blood flow velocities, cerebrovascular reactivity and reserve capacity did not differ from that of healthy controls. No correlation has been found between obtained laboratory parameters and resting cerebral blood flow velocities and cerebrovascular reserve capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Vasodilatory ability of the cerebral arterioles in @entity2175 - @entity1 did not differ from that of healthy control @entity1 . Further studies are needed to find out an accurate screening method for detection of cerebral microangiopathic changes in @entity6 .

title: [Cerebrovascular reactivity in XXXX (preliminary results)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Type I, diabetes mellitus', 'Type II diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The medical benefits of @entity302 surgery are well documented, but the psychosocial consequences of surgery have received less attention. This is especially true of the roles of expectations and satisfaction in postsurgery functioning. The present study was designed to examine the relationships between expectation, satisfaction with surgery, and psychosocial functioning in @entity1 and their significant others before and after @entity302 surgery. METHODS: The neuropsychology findings of 79 @entity1 undergoing @entity302 surgery were examined from assessments made before, 2 months after, and 1 year after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) was performed. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the @entity410 Inventory (WPSI) were used to assess psychosocial functioning. A subset of 32 @entity1 and their significant others were followed prospectively with an additional semistructured interview to assess expectations for and satisfaction with surgery outcome. RESULTS: Before surgery, @entity1 showed considerable problems with psychosocial adjustment. After surgery, @entity1 in the @entity410 -free group showed improvements on the psychosocial measures at both follow-ups, whereas @entity1 with continued @entity410 showed improvement at the 2-month follow-up and then a decline to baseline or worse at the time of the 1-year follow-up. Subjects who were studied prospectively had high presurgery expectations for @entity410 elimination. After surgery, subjects whose expectations were met reported high satisfaction whereas subjects whose expectations were not met reported low satisfaction. Satisfaction with surgery was associated with better psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Such data help elucidate the ways in which successful @entity302 surgery results in improved psychosocial functioning. The results identify ways to increase the likelihood that both @entity1 who are @entity410 -free and those with reduced @entity410 frequency may benefit from surgery.

title: Presurgery expectations, postsurgery satisfaction, and psychosocial adjustment after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Washington Psychosocial Seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health-related content validity of nine @entity410 tests by studying how low, mid, and high levels of @entity410 are associated with perceived health and musculoskeletal functioning. DESIGN: Cross-sectional methodological study. SETTING: A research institute for health promotion. @entity1 : Middle-aged (37 to 57 years) @entity1 (n = 245) and @entity1 (n = 253), evenly selected from five age cohorts of a random population sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The odds ratios (ORs) of selected health outcomes for low (least fit 20%), mid (next 40%), and high (most fit 40%) @entity410 categories in the different tests adjusted for several possible confounders. RESULTS: @entity410 , as measured by 2-km walk test, was strongly and consistently associated with perceived health and mobility (stair climbing) in both genders (range of ORs, 2.4 to 17.6), and a somewhat weaker relationship was found with leg power and with leg strength (ORs, 2.5 to 7.2). @entity1643 and upper-body strength were associated with @entity717 (ORs, 2.8 to 8.5) and with back dysfunction and @entity158 (ORs, 2.9 to 6.1). High @entity410 in back endurance in @entity1 and in balance in @entity1 were related to positive back health (ORs, 2.5 to 3.7). Body mass index was associated with @entity85 in @entity1 (ORs, 2.4 to 5.3). Balance, leg strength, and leg flexibility in @entity1 ; and leg power, trunk and leg flexibility in @entity1 were not associated with health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Among a middle-aged population, the majority of the evaluated @entity410 tests demonstrated health-related validity by strong associations with perceived health and musculoskeletal functioning, and by weaker associations with back symptoms.

title: Health-related XXXX test battery for adults: associations with perceived health, mobility, and back function and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low fitness in back muscular endurance']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiorespiratory fitness', 'fitness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disability']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: PURPOSE: Siblings of index @entity1 with @entity3025 are known to have an increased incidence of reflux. Previously reported studies have evaluated @entity3025 in asymptomatic siblings of @entity1 who were previously proved to have reflux. We determine the incidence and nature of @entity3025 in symptomatic siblings of @entity1 with documented @entity3025 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1996, 624 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3025 during the investigation of documented urinary tract infections. All @entity1 were evaluated for reflux by contrast voiding cystourethrography and reflux was graded according to the international reflux study. 99mTechnetium @entity9409 nuclear renal scans were performed to detect renal scarring. The medical records and voiding cystourethrograms of the 624 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3025 were retrospectively reviewed to identify siblings with @entity3025 . RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 85 siblings (134 refluxing ureters) of the 624 index @entity1 (13.6%), including 1 and 2 siblings of 38 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Mean age at presentation of the 37 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 was 2.5 years. Reflux was unilateral in 36 siblings and bilateral in 49. Reflux was grades I to V in 8, 9, 51, 55 and 11 ureters, respectively. Nuclear scan revealed @entity8 in 22 of the 77 tested siblings (28.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When @entity3025 is discovered in symptomatic siblings, it is usually high grade and associated with a higher incidence of @entity8 . Of further interest are the findings that refluxing symptomatic siblings of index @entity1 are usually younger and @entity1 are as commonly affected as @entity1 . Screening for @entity3025 in asymptomatic siblings is recommended to decrease the incidence of @entity8 .

title: Urinary tract infection and XXXX in sibling @entity3025 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['reflux nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['dimercapto-succinic acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: Siblings of index @entity1 with @entity3025 are known to have an increased incidence of reflux. Previously reported studies have evaluated @entity3025 in asymptomatic siblings of @entity1 who were previously proved to have reflux. We determine the incidence and nature of @entity3025 in symptomatic siblings of @entity1 with documented @entity3025 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1996, 624 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3025 during the investigation of documented urinary tract infections. All @entity1 were evaluated for reflux by contrast voiding cystourethrography and reflux was graded according to the international reflux study. 99mTechnetium @entity9409 nuclear renal scans were performed to detect renal scarring. The medical records and voiding cystourethrograms of the 624 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3025 were retrospectively reviewed to identify siblings with @entity3025 . RESULTS: Vesicoureteral reflux was noted in 85 siblings (134 refluxing ureters) of the 624 index @entity1 (13.6%), including 1 and 2 siblings of 38 and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Mean age at presentation of the 37 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 was 2.5 years. Reflux was unilateral in 36 siblings and bilateral in 49. Reflux was grades I to V in 8, 9, 51, 55 and 11 ureters, respectively. Nuclear scan revealed @entity8 in 22 of the 77 tested siblings (28.5%). CONCLUSIONS: When @entity3025 is discovered in symptomatic siblings, it is usually high grade and associated with a higher incidence of @entity8 . Of further interest are the findings that refluxing symptomatic siblings of index @entity1 are usually younger and @entity1 are as commonly affected as @entity1 . Screening for @entity3025 in asymptomatic siblings is recommended to decrease the incidence of @entity8 .

title: Urinary tract infection and @entity8 in sibling XXXX .

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: Throughout a 9-month period during which 1,125 Holter tapes were reviewed prospectively we identified 13 nonmedicated @entity1 with an @entity943 , which for the purposes of this presentation was categorized, because of their mode of initiation, as @entity2459 (WP). The episodes emerged abruptly from a normal (< or = 200 ms) PR interval with sudden prolongation of PR and PP intervals (and reversed PR-RP relationship) that took place over 1-8 cycles. The postpaced PR interval was shorter than that of the last conducted beat. The episodes were separated into two groups. Group I included 11 @entity1 with symptoms other than @entity1163 and Group II included 2 @entity1 with @entity1163 . There were 26 episodes of sudden WP in Group I. Twenty-five terminated in a single (and one in double) blocked P waves. Most episodes occurred between 10 PM and 7 AM. Symptoms did not correlate with the episodes. Mean 24-hour rates were < 90. In Group II there were 22 episodes, all occurring between 6 AM and 10 PM. The mean sinus cycle lengths before the phenomenon started to occur in Group I (861 +/- 185 ms) as well as the cycle lengths at the onset of block (1,096 +/- 215 ms) were statistically longer than those in Group II (591 +/- 40 ms and 747 +/- 63 ms, respectively, P < 0.0001). Although the mode of onset in the episodes in Group II was similar to Group I, 16 episodes terminated in 2-6 blocked P waves. Thus, the entire number of episodes could be categorized as an unusual type (because of the PR prolongation) of paroxysmal, or advanced second degree @entity713 . Because these @entity1 had negative electrophysiological studies, positive tilt tests, and @entity1163 after oral @entity1169 therapy, they were considered as having @entity907 . In addition, the faster than normal (> 100) mean 24-hour rates) suggested that they also had so-called @entity7129 . In summary, Group I consisted of @entity1 with a normal, benign, vagal-induced second-degree @entity713 , whereas the Holter findings in Group II appeared to reflect unusual (but natural, i.e., nonprovoked) electrocardiographic manifestations of certain @entity1 with @entity907 .

title: Sudden Wenckebach periods and their relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['absent syncope', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden Wenckebach periods']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']


abstract: Prior efforts to identify a blood biomarker of @entity1545 have relied almost exclusively on proteins; however their low levels at early time points and poor correlation with @entity130 have been limiting. Lipids, on the other hand, are the most abundant molecules in the brain and readily cross the blood-brain barrier. We previously showed that certain sphingolipid (SL) species are highly specific to the brain. Here we examined the feasibility of using @entity2248 as biomarkers for @entity131 . A @entity35 model of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and a @entity19 model of @entity64 were used to identify candidate SL species though our mass-spectrometry based lipid profiling approach. Plasma samples collected after @entity131 in the @entity35 showed large increases in many circulating @entity2248 following injury, and larger lesions produced proportionately larger increases. Plasma samples collected 24 hours after @entity64 in @entity19 similarly revealed a large increase in many @entity2248 . We constructed an SL score (sum of the two SL species showing the largest relative increases in the @entity19 @entity64 model) and then evaluated the diagnostic value of this score on a small sample of @entity1 (n = 14) who presented with @entity64 . @entity1 with @entity64 had significantly higher SL scores than @entity1 found to have non- @entity64 causes of their symptoms. The SL score correlated with the volume of @entity63 brain tissue. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using lipid biomarkers to diagnose @entity1545 . Future studies will be needed to further characterize the diagnostic utility of this approach and to transition to an assay method applicable to clinical settings.

title: Targeted Lipid Profiling Discovers Plasma Biomarkers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'acute brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke symptoms', 'true stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Acute Brain Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing host digestion-resistant starches to promote @entity1 health is of great research interest. @entity576 ( @entity576 ) are widely used in processed foods and although the modification of the starch molecule allows specific reduction in digestibility, the metabolic effects of @entity576 have been less well described. This short-term study evaluated the impact of enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on fasting and postprandial profiles of blood @entity413 , @entity11938 and lipids, and serum metabolome in growing @entity1707 . Eight jugular-vein catheterized @entity1707 (initial body weight, 37.4 kg; 4 months of age) were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy @entity4336 starch (control)) in a cross-over design for 7 days. On day 8, an 8-hour meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed with serial blood samplings. Besides biochemical analysis, serum was analysed for 201 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approaches. @entity1707 fed the EMS diet showed increased (P<0.05) immediate serum @entity11938 and plasma @entity413 response compared to @entity1707 fed the control diet; however, area-under-the-curves for @entity11938 and @entity413 were not different among diets. Results from MTT indicated reduced postprandial serum @entity1674 with EMS versus control diet (P<0.05). Likewise, serum metabolome profiling identified characteristic changes in glycerophospholipid, lysophospholipids, @entity19846 and @entity3689 metabolome profiles with EMS diet compared to control diet. Results showed rapid adaptations of blood metabolites to dietary starch shifts within 7 days. In conclusion, EMS ingestion showed potential to attenuate postprandial raise in serum lipids and suggested constant alteration in the synthesis or breakdown of sphingolipids and phospholipids which might be a health benefit of EMS consumption. Because serum @entity11938 was not lowered, more research is warranted to reveal possible underlying mechanisms behind the observed changes in the profile of serum lipid metabolome in response to EMS consumption.

title: Enzymatically Modified Starch Ameliorates Postprandial Serum XXXX and Lipid Metabolome in Growing @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity576 :: ('MESH:D064419', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'Chemically modified starches']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity19846 :: ('MESH:D013109', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['Triglycerides']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Developing host digestion-resistant starches to promote @entity1 health is of great research interest. @entity576 ( @entity576 ) are widely used in processed foods and although the modification of the starch molecule allows specific reduction in digestibility, the metabolic effects of @entity576 have been less well described. This short-term study evaluated the impact of enzymatically modified starch (EMS) on fasting and postprandial profiles of blood @entity413 , @entity11938 and lipids, and serum metabolome in growing @entity1707 . Eight jugular-vein catheterized @entity1707 (initial body weight, 37.4 kg; 4 months of age) were fed 2 diets containing 72% purified starch (EMS or waxy @entity4336 starch (control)) in a cross-over design for 7 days. On day 8, an 8-hour meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed with serial blood samplings. Besides biochemical analysis, serum was analysed for 201 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approaches. @entity1707 fed the EMS diet showed increased (P<0.05) immediate serum @entity11938 and plasma @entity413 response compared to @entity1707 fed the control diet; however, area-under-the-curves for @entity11938 and @entity413 were not different among diets. Results from MTT indicated reduced postprandial serum @entity1674 with EMS versus control diet (P<0.05). Likewise, serum metabolome profiling identified characteristic changes in glycerophospholipid, lysophospholipids, @entity19846 and @entity3689 metabolome profiles with EMS diet compared to control diet. Results showed rapid adaptations of blood metabolites to dietary starch shifts within 7 days. In conclusion, EMS ingestion showed potential to attenuate postprandial raise in serum lipids and suggested constant alteration in the synthesis or breakdown of sphingolipids and phospholipids which might be a health benefit of EMS consumption. Because serum @entity11938 was not lowered, more research is warranted to reveal possible underlying mechanisms behind the observed changes in the profile of serum lipid metabolome in response to EMS consumption.

title: Enzymatically Modified Starch Ameliorates Postprandial Serum @entity1674 and Lipid Metabolome in Growing XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity454 @entity1 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity729 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity1 with @entity454 are known to have excessive @entity729 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity730 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity730 observed in @entity1 with @entity454 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity460 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity730 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity730 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity730 , and seven had severe @entity730 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity730 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity1096 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity730 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity453 (P < 0.001), and @entity6 (P=0.034). The @entity730 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity3151 and @entity460 x @entity3151 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity730 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity729 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial @entity729 in XXXX @entity1 is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity454 @entity1 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity729 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity1 with @entity454 are known to have excessive @entity729 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity730 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity730 observed in @entity1 with @entity454 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity460 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity730 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity730 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity730 , and seven had severe @entity730 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity730 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity1096 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity730 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity453 (P < 0.001), and @entity6 (P=0.034). The @entity730 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity3151 and @entity460 x @entity3151 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity730 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity729 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial XXXX in @entity454 @entity1 is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['artery calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In non- @entity454 @entity1 , recent studies have demonstrated that the process of @entity729 resembles developmental osteogenesis. @entity1 with @entity454 are known to have excessive @entity729 , but this has previously been attributed to the non-cell-mediated process of metastatic @entity730 . METHODS: To determine if the @entity730 observed in @entity1 with @entity454 is related to a cell-mediated process, we removed a piece of inferior epigastric artery at the time of renal transplant. @entity460 content of the entire vessel was quantified with spiral computed tomography (CT). The vessel was then examined histologically for @entity730 and the presence of bone matrix proteins by immunohistochemistry, and medial and intimal thickness quantified by histomorphometry. These findings were correlated with demographic, clinical and laboratory values. RESULTS: The proximal inferior epigastric artery was obtained from 41 @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation, but two were inadequate for histologic examination. Twenty-seven of the remaining vessels had no evidence of @entity730 by MacNeal's or Alizarin red pH 4.2 staining, five vessels had mild/moderate @entity730 , and seven had severe @entity730 , all in the medial layer. Calcification assessed histologically was closely correlated with @entity730 score as assessed by spiral CT, normalized for vessel weight (P=0.027). Positive immunostaining for the bone matrix proteins @entity1096 , type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase was strongly correlated with @entity730 (all P < or = 0.001), as was a history of @entity453 (P < 0.001), and @entity6 (P=0.034). The @entity730 score by spiral CT correlated with these same factors and the serum @entity3151 and @entity460 x @entity3151 product (P=0.032 and 0.037). The location of immunostaining for the bone proteins was strongly associated with the presence of @entity730 . However, positive immunostaining also was observed in association with disorganization of the vascular smooth muscle cells in the medial layer due to deposition of a matrix-like substance, prior to overt @entity730 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity454 undergoing renal transplantation, @entity729 of the medial layer of the inferior epigastric artery is common (44%), can be detected by spiral CT, and is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins. This implies an active cell-mediated process, raising hope that directed intervention can arrest this process.

title: Medial @entity729 in @entity454 XXXX is associated with deposition of bone matrix proteins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: @entity0 accouns for 22.9% of all @entity5 in @entity1 and 13.7% of @entity5 deaths. Positive axillary lymphnodes (ALN) predict the development of distant metastases. The status of the sentinel lymphnode (SLN) is crutial for the treatment selection. AIM: To determine the benefits of SLN detection in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: 38 female @entity1 (pts), age 44    12 years, with T1-2 N0 M0 @entity0 , without enlarged ALN on ultrasound (US), were included. SLN detection was performed using gamma camera and gamma detection probe after periareolar subcutaneous and/or peritumoral injection of ( @entity1136 -SENTISCINT). Blue dye was administered 20 min before the operation. SLN was extirpated and ex tempore histopathology was performed. RESULTS: Ex tempore SLN evaluation was negative and the lymphatic pathways preserved in 28/38 (74%) pts. In 10/38 (26%) pts SLN was positive, followed by radical surgery. In 3/28 ex tempore negative @entity1 , histopathological analysis showed metastatic involvement (false negative). In 3/10 ex tempore positive @entity1 micro metastases 0,2-2 mm were detected. 12 pts had 2 SLN, 8/12 (66%) had negative and 4/12 (34%) had positive SLN. 3 pts had a rare double drainage to axilla and a. mammaria int. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that SLN detection technique is non-invasive, safe and reliable and should be incorporated into the guidelines for @entity0 pts (T1-2 N0 M0). The most reliable option for colloid application is the combined technique of periareolar and peritumoral injection. @entity1 with drainage to a. mammaria interna should be selected for adjuvant protocols. Key words: @entity0 , @entity1600 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 - first experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['99m-Technetium']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node, blue dye']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['Sentinel lymph node detection']


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: @entity0 accouns for 22.9% of all @entity5 in @entity1 and 13.7% of @entity5 deaths. Positive axillary lymphnodes (ALN) predict the development of distant metastases. The status of the sentinel lymphnode (SLN) is crutial for the treatment selection. AIM: To determine the benefits of SLN detection in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: 38 female @entity1 (pts), age 44    12 years, with T1-2 N0 M0 @entity0 , without enlarged ALN on ultrasound (US), were included. SLN detection was performed using gamma camera and gamma detection probe after periareolar subcutaneous and/or peritumoral injection of ( @entity1136 -SENTISCINT). Blue dye was administered 20 min before the operation. SLN was extirpated and ex tempore histopathology was performed. RESULTS: Ex tempore SLN evaluation was negative and the lymphatic pathways preserved in 28/38 (74%) pts. In 10/38 (26%) pts SLN was positive, followed by radical surgery. In 3/28 ex tempore negative @entity1 , histopathological analysis showed metastatic involvement (false negative). In 3/10 ex tempore positive @entity1 micro metastases 0,2-2 mm were detected. 12 pts had 2 SLN, 8/12 (66%) had negative and 4/12 (34%) had positive SLN. 3 pts had a rare double drainage to axilla and a. mammaria int. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that SLN detection technique is non-invasive, safe and reliable and should be incorporated into the guidelines for @entity0 pts (T1-2 N0 M0). The most reliable option for colloid application is the combined technique of periareolar and peritumoral injection. @entity1 with drainage to a. mammaria interna should be selected for adjuvant protocols. Key words: @entity0 , @entity1600 .

title: @entity1600 in XXXX - first experience.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( @entity21016 ) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the cellular distribution of this isoform, as well as the other isoforms of the GRK-arrestin system, has not been studied in myocardial tissue. Thus myocardial expression and cellular distribution of the different GRK and arrestin isoforms were investigated in a @entity35 model of @entity712 . @entity35 subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation were euthanized 2, 7, or 42 days after the surgical procedure. Myocardial @entity21016 , @entity47672 , beta-arrestin-1, and beta-arrestin-2 mRNA levels, but not that of @entity21017 , were induced in the failing hearts. Consistently, Western blot analysis of tissue extracts from the nonischemic region of the left ventricle revealed 3.0-, 2.6-, and 1.5-fold elevations of @entity21016 , @entity47672 , and beta-arrestin-1, respectively, 7 days after induction of @entity583 compared with the sham-operated @entity35 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of myocardial tissue sections and Western blot analysis of isolated cells revealed localization of @entity21016 and beta-arrestin-1 predominantly in endothelial cells. Conversely, @entity21017 was confined to cardiac myocytes. @entity47672 immunostaining appeared to be homogeneously distributed in the cellular elements of the myocardium. In conclusion, myocardial mRNA and protein levels of @entity21016 , @entity47672 , and beta-arrestin-1 are induced in postinfarction failure in @entity35 . The immunohistochemical analysis suggests that @entity21016 and beta-arrestin-1 may act as primary regulators of endothelial function. Conversely, the cellular distribution of @entity21017 and @entity47672 implicates these isoforms as putative regulators of cardiac myocyte function.

title: Myocardial distribution and regulation of GRK and beta-arrestin isoforms in XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 ( @entity21016 ) has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the cellular distribution of this isoform, as well as the other isoforms of the GRK-arrestin system, has not been studied in myocardial tissue. Thus myocardial expression and cellular distribution of the different GRK and arrestin isoforms were investigated in a @entity35 model of @entity712 . @entity35 subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation were euthanized 2, 7, or 42 days after the surgical procedure. Myocardial @entity21016 , @entity47672 , beta-arrestin-1, and beta-arrestin-2 mRNA levels, but not that of @entity21017 , were induced in the failing hearts. Consistently, Western blot analysis of tissue extracts from the nonischemic region of the left ventricle revealed 3.0-, 2.6-, and 1.5-fold elevations of @entity21016 , @entity47672 , and beta-arrestin-1, respectively, 7 days after induction of @entity583 compared with the sham-operated @entity35 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of myocardial tissue sections and Western blot analysis of isolated cells revealed localization of @entity21016 and beta-arrestin-1 predominantly in endothelial cells. Conversely, @entity21017 was confined to cardiac myocytes. @entity47672 immunostaining appeared to be homogeneously distributed in the cellular elements of the myocardium. In conclusion, myocardial mRNA and protein levels of @entity21016 , @entity47672 , and beta-arrestin-1 are induced in postinfarction failure in @entity35 . The immunohistochemical analysis suggests that @entity21016 and beta-arrestin-1 may act as primary regulators of endothelial function. Conversely, the cellular distribution of @entity21017 and @entity47672 implicates these isoforms as putative regulators of cardiac myocyte function.

title: Myocardial distribution and regulation of GRK and beta-arrestin isoforms in @entity712 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-NMDAR- @entity198 is a recently described form of @entity14752 . Here, we characterize CSF changes in Chinese patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 , and explore the relationship between CSF findings and disease outcome. METHODS: The presence of NMDAR antibodies in serum or CSF samples was evaluated in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity198 between October 1, 2010 and August 1, 2014 at the West China Hospital. All @entity1 fulfilling our diagnostic criteria were included and CSF findings were analyzed. @entity1 outcome was assessed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). RESULTS: Out of 3000 @entity1 with @entity198 screened, 43 patients were anti-NMDAR antibody positive in CSF or serum and included in this study. 62.8% of the @entity1 identified with positive CSFs had positive serum anti-NMDAR samples, while 100% @entity1 with positive serum had positive CSF samples. In the CSF white cell counts were elevated in 58.1% of cases; protein was increased in 18.6%; QAlb>Qlim(Alb) of the blood-CSF barrier was found in 29.3%; intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was detected in 17.1%, and 39.5% @entity1 exhibited increased CSF pressures. A longer follow-up period was associated with better outcomes. There was no relationship between changes in CSF findings and outcome. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of @entity3391 receptor antibody testing is higher in CSF compared to serum. Other @entity854 are present in some patients with Anti-NMDAR- @entity198 , however these changes do not appear to affect prognosis.

title: CSF findings in patients with anti- XXXX receptor- @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CSF abnormalities']

answer: @entity3391 :: (D016202,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-NMDAR- @entity198 is a recently described form of @entity14752 . Here, we characterize CSF changes in Chinese patients with anti-NMDAR @entity198 , and explore the relationship between CSF findings and disease outcome. METHODS: The presence of NMDAR antibodies in serum or CSF samples was evaluated in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity198 between October 1, 2010 and August 1, 2014 at the West China Hospital. All @entity1 fulfilling our diagnostic criteria were included and CSF findings were analyzed. @entity1 outcome was assessed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). RESULTS: Out of 3000 @entity1 with @entity198 screened, 43 patients were anti-NMDAR antibody positive in CSF or serum and included in this study. 62.8% of the @entity1 identified with positive CSFs had positive serum anti-NMDAR samples, while 100% @entity1 with positive serum had positive CSF samples. In the CSF white cell counts were elevated in 58.1% of cases; protein was increased in 18.6%; QAlb>Qlim(Alb) of the blood-CSF barrier was found in 29.3%; intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was detected in 17.1%, and 39.5% @entity1 exhibited increased CSF pressures. A longer follow-up period was associated with better outcomes. There was no relationship between changes in CSF findings and outcome. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of @entity3391 receptor antibody testing is higher in CSF compared to serum. Other @entity854 are present in some patients with Anti-NMDAR- @entity198 , however these changes do not appear to affect prognosis.

title: CSF findings in patients with anti- @entity3391 receptor- XXXX .

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity405 and @entity11112 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity784 ( @entity784 ) in @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity194 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity1 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity1 with @entity66 and five @entity1 with @entity194 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , two @entity1 with @entity1066 , and with eight @entity1 with overt @entity784 , for expression of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , and @entity11112 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity5 of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 2/2 @entity1 with @entity1066 , in 2/3 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , and in 1/6 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity66 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity1 with evidence of underlying @entity66 . Specificity for detection of an @entity784 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity405 and for @entity11112 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity405 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity11112 staining in all investigated @entity1 with @entity784 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity1593 represent an early manifestation of @entity784 , for which the term " @entity1593 -like @entity784 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with an overt @entity784 and is not related to other @entity1593 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity784 or refractory @entity1593 evolving into @entity784 . Overt @entity784 may develop directly from @entity66 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity1593 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity1593 -like @entity784 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity66 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in @entity784 , @entity66 , and refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['sprue syndromes', 'sprue']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative jejunitis']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy-type intestinal T cell lymphoma', 'intestinal T cell lymphoma', 'EITCL']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['sprue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity405 and @entity11112 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity784 ( @entity784 ) in @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity194 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity1 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity1 with @entity66 and five @entity1 with @entity194 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , two @entity1 with @entity1066 , and with eight @entity1 with overt @entity784 , for expression of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , and @entity11112 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity5 of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 2/2 @entity1 with @entity1066 , in 2/3 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , and in 1/6 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity66 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity1 with evidence of underlying @entity66 . Specificity for detection of an @entity784 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity405 and for @entity11112 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity405 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity11112 staining in all investigated @entity1 with @entity784 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity1593 represent an early manifestation of @entity784 , for which the term " @entity1593 -like @entity784 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with an overt @entity784 and is not related to other @entity1593 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity784 or refractory @entity1593 evolving into @entity784 . Overt @entity784 may develop directly from @entity66 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity1593 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity1593 -like @entity784 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity66 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in XXXX , @entity66 , and refractory @entity1593 .

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['enteropathy-type intestinal T cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clonal T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements and loss of T cell antigens such as @entity405 and @entity11112 in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may indicate the development of an @entity784 ( @entity784 ) in @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . AIMS: To define the diagnostic value of these markers in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity194 as a result of various underlying disorders. @entity1 AND METHODS: Duodenal biopsies from eight @entity1 with @entity66 and five @entity1 with @entity194 caused by defined disorders were compared with three @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , two @entity1 with @entity1066 , and with eight @entity1 with overt @entity784 , for expression of CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , and @entity11112 in IELs using immunohistochemistry and for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction. In addition, biopsies from six consecutive @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 of uncertain cause were examined. RESULTS: Clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were found in all resected @entity5 of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 3/8 duodenal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity784 , in 2/2 @entity1 with @entity1066 , in 2/3 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 evolving into overt @entity784 , and in 1/6 @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 . No rearrangements were found in biopsies from @entity1 with refractory @entity1593 caused by defined disorders or those with @entity66 . Clonality in duodenal biopsies was associated with an abnormal phenotype of IELs in all cases and in all but one case in @entity1 with evidence of underlying @entity66 . Specificity for detection of an @entity784 using immunohistology was 77% for @entity405 and for @entity11112 staining, and 100% for detection of a clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement. Sensitivity was 62% for staining with @entity405 and clonality investigation, while sensitivity reached 100% for @entity11112 staining in all investigated @entity1 with @entity784 . CONCLUSIONS: Clonal proliferations of phenotypically abnormal IELs in refractory @entity1593 represent an early manifestation of @entity784 , for which the term " @entity1593 -like @entity784 " is proposed. This constellation is also found in duodenal biopsies from @entity1 with an overt @entity784 and is not related to other @entity1593 , resulting in a high specificity for detection of an @entity784 or refractory @entity1593 evolving into @entity784 . Overt @entity784 may develop directly from @entity66 without a precursor lesion (refractory @entity1593 with clonal IELs) being demonstrable in duodenal biopsies or via a " @entity1593 -like @entity784 ". This latter entity is a complication of @entity66 .

title: Frequency of clonal intraepithelial T lymphocyte proliferations in @entity784 , XXXX , and refractory @entity1593 .

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The physiologic transformation of uterine spiral arteries in the @entity1 placental bed is essential for a healthy pregnancy. Failure of this transformation due to @entity3 is widely believed to underlie pregnancy complications such as @entity1468 , @entity851 , miscarriage and @entity3152 . Understanding of invasive behaviour and remodelling properties of trophoblasts in the uterine wall is essential in elucidating the aetiology of these pregnancy complications. However, there is a lack of satisfactory specimens of the placental bed to enhance our knowledge on the mechanisms that control trophoblast invasion. Several techniques can be used to obtain biopsies from the placental bed and sample handling can be executed differently depending on the research question. METHODS: This systematic review provides an overview of all studies investigating the placental bed and sampling techniques used. Papers that described surgical techniques, specimen handling, complications and/or success rate of the placental bed biopsy procedures were included. Placental bed biopsies are an essential and feasible technique to study abnormalities in the placental bed associated with pregnancy complications. RESULTS: Depending on the technique used the likelihood of sampling a spiral artery and trophoblast from the placental bed is 51%-78% per case, without significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: Caution is needed when interpreting data if the placental bed is subjected to labour. We propose a uniform sampling technique and conservation protocol for the study of the placental bed and provide tools for selection of the appropriate technique for future placental bed collections.

title: Biopsy techniques to study the XXXX placental bed.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['foetal growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['deficient trophoblast invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity14204 ( @entity14204 ) is a rare, immune-mediated entity. We present an unusual case of a @entity1 who has double @entity5 and two different @entity16 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old gentleman has histories of @entity2220 and @entity5 associated with @entity1737 , which underwent surgery and chemotherapy 3 years ago. This time, he presented to our ward with rapidly progressive memory decline and @entity2045 in his limbs for two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed increased signal intensity over bilateral mesial temporal regions on T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recover (FLAIR) series. Chest computed tomography showed @entity5 recurrence. He received @entity479 pulse therapy firstly and right lung lower lobe lobectomy later. Pathology report of the @entity5 was recurrent @entity420 . After the immunotherapy and @entity5 resection, his mentality improved gradually. Six months later, brain MRI showed resolution of bilateral temporal hyperintensity with residual mesial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION: From our case, we would like to emphasize that paraneoplastic @entity14204 should be considered among the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with @entity2045 , along with other @entity179 . Depending on its underlying @entity5 , the @entity73 may be substantially reversible, despite atrophy of mesial temporal lobes.

title: Paraneoplastic @entity14204 Associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant thymoma', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic neurological syndromes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis', 'Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis', 'PLE']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of Lung']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity14204 ( @entity14204 ) is a rare, immune-mediated entity. We present an unusual case of a @entity1 who has double @entity5 and two different @entity16 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old gentleman has histories of @entity2220 and @entity5 associated with @entity1737 , which underwent surgery and chemotherapy 3 years ago. This time, he presented to our ward with rapidly progressive memory decline and @entity2045 in his limbs for two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed increased signal intensity over bilateral mesial temporal regions on T2 Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recover (FLAIR) series. Chest computed tomography showed @entity5 recurrence. He received @entity479 pulse therapy firstly and right lung lower lobe lobectomy later. Pathology report of the @entity5 was recurrent @entity420 . After the immunotherapy and @entity5 resection, his mentality improved gradually. Six months later, brain MRI showed resolution of bilateral temporal hyperintensity with residual mesial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION: From our case, we would like to emphasize that paraneoplastic @entity14204 should be considered among the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with @entity2045 , along with other @entity179 . Depending on its underlying @entity5 , the @entity73 may be substantially reversible, despite atrophy of mesial temporal lobes.

title: Paraneoplastic XXXX Associated with @entity2220 .

answer: @entity14204 :: (MESH:D020363,Disease) :: ['Limbic Encephalitis']


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity2727 for @entity308 in @entity5 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity2727 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity308 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity1 : "are you depressed?" @entity1 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity1 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity2727 was stopped for six @entity1 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity448 , @entity1295 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2727 is effective for @entity308 in @entity5 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity1 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of @entity2727 for XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity2727 for @entity308 in @entity5 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity2727 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity308 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity1 : "are you depressed?" @entity1 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity1 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity2727 was stopped for six @entity1 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity448 , @entity1295 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2727 is effective for @entity308 in @entity5 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity1 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of XXXX for @entity308 in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: This study evaluated the use of @entity2727 for @entity308 in @entity5 DESIGN: Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: No previous use of @entity2727 or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION: @entity308 and response to treatment were determined by asking the @entity1 : "are you depressed?" @entity1 were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT: Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS: Some 41 @entity1 were enrolled and 30 (15 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). @entity2727 was stopped for six @entity1 because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. @entity448 , @entity1295 , concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2727 is effective for @entity308 in @entity5 A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most @entity1 . Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.

title: A phase II study of @entity2727 for @entity308 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: Three large, ongoing, international clinical trials will greatly improve our understanding of @entity101 management. The trials, which include the INternational VErapamil SR/trandolapril STudy (INVEST), the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial (ALLHAT), and the Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of Cardiovascular Endpoints (CONVINCE) trial, enrolled a combined total of 81,649 @entity1 over a 7-year period from 18 different @entity4324 , South America, Europe, and Australia-Asia. The mean age of all subjects was 66 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.5. In addition, 30% of all @entity1 had @entity6 and 43% had documented @entity453 ( @entity453 ). In INVEST, 100% of enrolled @entity1 had documented @entity453 and 27% had @entity6 . Of @entity1 treated for 12 months in INVEST, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 mmHg was achieved by 70% of nondiabetics, and 66% of @entity1 with @entity6 achieved that level. Of all the @entity1 enrolled in the three trials, 38% were smokers, 25% had a history of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 , and 52% had a history of @entity2299 . Although these clinical trials are likely to influence treatment guidelines, they may not affect the way medicine is practiced. A survey of primary care physicians found that 41% had not heard of or were not familiar with the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) guidelines. The JNC VI and European guidelines provide management strategies based on severity of coronary risk factors, target organ damage, and blood pressure levels. Primary care physicians have a responsibility to be educated about risk stratification, goals of treatment based on risk, and management strategies for @entity101 from available treatment guidelines.

title: How will INVEST and other XXXX trials change clinical practice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['countries in North America']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Intrinsic radioresistance, @entity5 @entity519 and ability of @entity5 cells to undergo rapid repopulation during radiotherapy are associated with failure of radiotherapy. Tumors with low alpha/beta-ratio values or @entity5 unable to undergo re-oxygenation, are unlikely to be eradicated with standard radiotherapy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of accelerated regimens based on low-dose per fraction may be high since they minimize the adverse role of rapid @entity5 repopulation, the cellular compartment with low alpha/beta-ratio values (i.e. @entity519 cells) remains a limiting factor. Accelerated hypofractionation, which may be more effective in such @entity5 , cannot be safely applied unless normal tissues are protected. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy supported by cytoprotection (HypoARC) with high dose daily @entity8503 . Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 with locally advanced disease entered radiation-dose escalation protocoL Twelve consecutive fractions of 3.5-4Gy (5 fractions/week) were given to the breast/chest wall, supraclavicular and axillary area, within 17 days. A high dose of @entity8503 , at 1,000 mg flat dose, was given 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. @entity8503 administration was well- tolerated with minor side-effects ( @entity391 in 6 out of 15 and hypotention in 2 out of 15 @entity1 ). Radiation induced @entity137 was negligible (grade 3 in 1 out of 15 @entity1 ). Ten out of 15 @entity1 survived more than 12 months and 7 out of 15 more than 18 months following HypoARC. None of these @entity1 showed any signs of late sequellae, such as @entity82 , or @entity5300 . Complete and partial responses were obtained in 11 out of 15 (73%) and in 4 out of 15 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. High dose daily @entity8503 during hypofractionated radiotherapy is feasible. HypoARC regimen is well-tolerated, effective and has minimal acute and late @entity137 to normal breast, chest and axillary tissues.

title: High dose daily XXXX and hypofractionated intensively accelerated radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity0 . A phase I/II study and report on early and late sequellae.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'acute skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung and myoskeletal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'hypoxic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['Amifostine', 'amifostine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity8503 :: (MESH:D004999,Chemical) :: ['amifostine']


abstract: Intrinsic radioresistance, @entity5 @entity519 and ability of @entity5 cells to undergo rapid repopulation during radiotherapy are associated with failure of radiotherapy. Tumors with low alpha/beta-ratio values or @entity5 unable to undergo re-oxygenation, are unlikely to be eradicated with standard radiotherapy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of accelerated regimens based on low-dose per fraction may be high since they minimize the adverse role of rapid @entity5 repopulation, the cellular compartment with low alpha/beta-ratio values (i.e. @entity519 cells) remains a limiting factor. Accelerated hypofractionation, which may be more effective in such @entity5 , cannot be safely applied unless normal tissues are protected. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of hypofractionated and accelerated radiotherapy supported by cytoprotection (HypoARC) with high dose daily @entity8503 . Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 with locally advanced disease entered radiation-dose escalation protocoL Twelve consecutive fractions of 3.5-4Gy (5 fractions/week) were given to the breast/chest wall, supraclavicular and axillary area, within 17 days. A high dose of @entity8503 , at 1,000 mg flat dose, was given 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. @entity8503 administration was well- tolerated with minor side-effects ( @entity391 in 6 out of 15 and hypotention in 2 out of 15 @entity1 ). Radiation induced @entity137 was negligible (grade 3 in 1 out of 15 @entity1 ). Ten out of 15 @entity1 survived more than 12 months and 7 out of 15 more than 18 months following HypoARC. None of these @entity1 showed any signs of late sequellae, such as @entity82 , or @entity5300 . Complete and partial responses were obtained in 11 out of 15 (73%) and in 4 out of 15 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. High dose daily @entity8503 during hypofractionated radiotherapy is feasible. HypoARC regimen is well-tolerated, effective and has minimal acute and late @entity137 to normal breast, chest and axillary tissues.

title: High dose daily @entity8503 and hypofractionated intensively accelerated radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX . A phase I/II study and report on early and late sequellae.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy is accepted as standard adjuvant treatment for @entity5 and results in excellent survival rates. The optimal radiation field for @entity5 , however, is still being discussed. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated long-term results concerning survival, relapse-pattern, and acute and chronic @entity137 in @entity1 receiving adjuvant radiotherapy of the paraaortic and ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes (hockey-stick, @entity8682 ) versus radiotherapy of the paraaortic lymph nodes only (PA). From 1979-1997, 129 @entity1 (median age 32 years) in clinical stage I received adjuvant radiotherapy. Eighty-seven @entity1 were treated with 36 Gy to the @entity8682 field and 42 @entity1 were treated with a median of 28 Gy to the PA field. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.7 years ( @entity8682 ) and 5.2 years (PA) the relapse rate was 3.4% and 2.4%, respectively. There was no abdominal or pelvic recurrence in either group. Radiotherapy was well tolerated in both groups. No significant difference in acute or chronic @entity137 was noted. However, lower gastrointestinal tract @entity137 and myelotoxicities appeared less frequent in the PA group. Second @entity5 only occurred in the @entity8682 group. Overall survival in the @entity8682 and PA group was 96.6% and 100%, respectively. No @entity1 died of @entity4797 . CONCLUSION: With paraaortic radiotherapy only, long-term disease-specific survival was excellent. Decreased risk of acute @entity137 and of second @entity5 are potential benefits of the reduced radiation field.

title: Long term results and morbidity of paraaortic compared with paraaortic and iliac adjuvant radiation in clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage seminoma', 'stage I seminoma', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6962 of the uterus are highly aggressive @entity5 with early lymphatic and hematogenous spread. The most important prognostic factor in @entity6962 is the extent of the @entity5 at the time of diagnosis. The prognostic impact of other factors such as @entity3 , menopausal age, age, parity and adjuvant therapy is still being discussed controversially. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with histologically proven @entity6962 were included in the analysis. The @entity1 were staged according to a modification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for @entity1204 . For each @entity1 , the histological material was reviewed by an experienced pathologist. @entity6962 was defined histologically as any @entity5 of uterine origin composed of @entity3038 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 91 months (25% quartile, 47 months; 75% quartile, 145 months). The median overall survival of the 19 @entity1 was 59 months, resulting in a 5-year overall survival rate of 43%. Three out of the nineteen (16%) @entity1 @entity74 while 6 out of 10 (32%) @entity1 developed @entity66 with a median disease free survival of 16 months (range 8-54). Eleven out of nineteen (58%) @entity1 died of the disease. A univariate model revealed that early @entity5 stage (stage 1) (p<0.023), low @entity3 (p<0.017) and late onset of the menopause (p<0.050) were significantly associated with a lengthened overall survival in @entity1 with @entity6962 . Age (p=0.34), parity (p=0.16) and adjuvant radiotherapy (p=0.45) did not influence overall survival of @entity1 with @entity6962 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity5 stage, low @entity3 and late onset of the menopause are associated with a lengthened overall survival in @entity1 with @entity6962 .

title: Prognostic parameters in XXXX of the uterus: a clinico-pathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous and sarcomatous components']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['demonstrated progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinosarcomas', 'carcinosarcoma', 'Carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['carcinosarcomas']


abstract: The objectives of this study was to compare electrovaporization (EVAP) of the prostate to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). A prospective evaluation of 60 @entity1 treated for @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) was carried out between November 1994 and November 1996. Twenty five @entity1 were treated with TURP and 35 @entity1 with EVAP. All @entity1 had a minimum 12 month follow-up. The results obtained were comparable in terms of surgical procedure time with a bloodless surgical field using EVAP. EVAP was advantageous in reducing the time with indwelling urinary catheter postoperatively and reducing hospital stay. At 12 month follow-up results of flow rates and symptom scores were similar for both TURP and EVAP. Reoperation rate for residual @entity1067 in the EVAP group was higher than for TURP, suggesting that EVAP should probably be limited to smaller sized glands. This study suggests that EVAP is a viable alternative to TURP in selected @entity1 . It requires no specialized equipment and may allow a reduction in catheterization and hospital stay.

title: [Comparison of prostatic electro-vaporization and transurethral resection in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy', 'BPH']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Prevalence rates of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) vary from 1.6% to 16.4% worldwide. Screening guidelines are variable and not evidence based. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of @entity1593 in @entity1723 . METHODS: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Studies were limited to those in English and in @entity1 . We selected longitudinal cohort studies screening for @entity1593 in @entity1723 with at least 5 years of follow-up. Screening rates, characteristics, and prevalence of biopsy-proven @entity1593 in @entity1 with @entity1723 were extracted. RESULTS: We identified 457 nonduplicate citations; 48 were selected for full-text review. Nine longitudinal cohort studies in 11   157 @entity1 and adolescents with 587 cases of biopsy-proven @entity1593 met the inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 10 years (range: 5-18 years). The weighted pooled prevalence of @entity1593 was 5.1% (95% confidence interval: 3.1-7.4%). After excluding 41 cases with @entity1593 onset before @entity1723 , @entity1593 was diagnosed in 218 of 546 (40%) subjects within 1 year, in 55% within 2 years, and in 79% within 5 years of @entity6 duration. Two studies (478 cases) reported higher rates of @entity1593 in @entity1 aged <5 years at @entity1723 diagnosis. The duration of follow-up varied across the included studies. @entity1593 screening frequency progressively decreased with increased @entity1723 duration. CONCLUSIONS: Because most cases of @entity1593 are diagnosed within 5 years of @entity1723 diagnosis, screening should be considered at @entity1723 diagnosis and within 2 and 5 years thereafter. @entity1593 screening should be considered at other times in @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of @entity1593 . More research is required to determine the screening frequency beyond 5 years of @entity6 duration.

title: Screening for XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Celiac Disease in Type 1 Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional @entity204 due to prescription drug-related @entity4968 has been a growing problem nationally. Some sub-populations have been shown to be at higher risk than others. METHODS: In 2014, we matched @entity204 records to Medicaid eligibility files to determine enrollment status at the time of unintentional @entity204 from prescription opioid @entity4968 from 2003 to 2012 in Montana. Medicaid prescription claims for decedents were used to assess prescribing patterns and time between refills. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 from opioid @entity4968 for adults aged 18-64 years and enrolled in Medicaid at the time of @entity204 was eight times higher than the rate for non-Medicaid Montana adults (38.2 [95% CI (30.7-45.7)] vs. 4.7 [95% CI (4.1-5.3)]). Twenty-eight percent of unintentional @entity4968 deaths during this time frame were among Medicaid members. Only 33% of the Medicaid decedents had a claim for an opioid prescription during the month before their @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that more needs to be done to address prescription opioid use in Montana. Adults enrolled in Medicaid continue to be at high risk for prescription opioid unintentional @entity4968 deaths. Data on prescribing practices suggest that there are opportunities to intervene and provide education on use of opioid medications for Medicaid members and prescribing providers.

title: High mortality rate of unintentional XXXX due to prescription opioids in adults enrolled in Medicaid compared to those not enrolled in Medicaid in Montana.

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are common symptoms within different phenotypes of the mitochondrial DNA @entity23355 mutation. DESIGN: A series of 52 adults with mitochondrial @entity17903 and their symptomatic relatives were screened for the @entity23355 mutation using restriction enzyme analysis. In addition to clinical examination, @entity1 with the mutation underwent audiometry. RESULTS: The @entity23355 mutation was identified in 16 @entity1 (10 index @entity1 and 6 symptomatic relatives). Six of these @entity1 presented with strokelike episodes and met the classical criteria of @entity20066 ( @entity3055 , @entity75 , @entity8193 , @entity2749 ), and one had @entity20066 / @entity27379 ( @entity3148 with ragged-red fibers) overlap syndrome. Two @entity1 presented with strokelike episodes but did not meet the classical criteria of @entity20066 . Predominant features of the 8 other @entity1 were @entity121 with @entity393 and @entity6 (n = 1), chronic progressive external @entity4610 (n = 1), @entity6 with @entity393 (n = 1), painful @entity121 with @entity393 (n = 1), @entity296 (n = 1), @entity6 (n = 1), and @entity393 (n = 2). In 11 of 16 @entity1 , @entity393 was obvious on clinical examination. Furthermore, all 5 @entity1 with normal hearing on clinical examination showed subclinical @entity393 ; in 4, @entity393 was more pronounced than age-related @entity393 and in 1, @entity393 can be age related as well. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of phenotypes represent the variable multisystemic involvement of the @entity23355 mutation. Less than half of the @entity1 presented with @entity20066 . Hearing impairment, the most common symptom, was clinically or subclinically relevant in 15 (94%) of 16 @entity1 .

title: Hearing impairment is common in various phenotypes of the mitochondrial DNA XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity20066 :: ('MESH:D017241', 'Disease') :: ['MELAS', 'MELAS syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['and strokelike episodes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3055 :: ('MESH:D017240', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial myopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity23355 :: (c|SUB|A|3243|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A3243G']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of @entity22958 . METHODS: Twenty-one corneal buttons from @entity1 with @entity13189 and 15 control corneas were studied. Apoptosis was assessed by the in situ end-labeling of double-stranded DNA breaks, and by immunohistochemical characterization of cellular markers associated with apoptosis (Fas, @entity12 , @entity588 , and @entity589 ). Expression of @entity588 and @entity589 mRNA in the corneal stroma and endothelium was separately analyzed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, cultivated keratocytes generated from diseased corneal buttons and donor rims were exposed to @entity9800 , an apoptotic inducer, for 6 and 24 hours. They were then examined for protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of apoptotic regulatory molecules. RESULTS: DNA fragmentation was seen in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium in 6 of 7 corneas with @entity13189 . A statistically significant difference was identified in the expression of @entity589 and its mRNA in the stroma, but not in the endothelium of @entity13189 corneas. Following exposure to @entity9800 , keratocytes from @entity1 with @entity13189 responded with an increased level of @entity589 and a low level of @entity588 . This trend was distinctively different from the response of normal keratocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence in this study points to a disease-related disturbance in the regulation of apoptosis in @entity13189 . Our findings suggest that excessive apoptosis may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity13189 .

title: The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity22958 :: ('MESH:D057129', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs endothelial dystrophy of the cornea']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs dystrophy']

answer: @entity22958 :: (MESH:D057129,Disease) :: ['Fuchs endothelial dystrophy of the cornea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to assess @entity3193 in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity725 and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare choroidal measurements based on age (with a cut point of 70  years). The study cohort comprised 54 @entity1 with @entity725 (mean age of 63.2      8.8  years) and 44 healthy control subjects (mean age of 62.9      8.5  years) (P  =  0.870). We found no significant differences in terms of choroidal measurements (P  >  0.05) between the @entity726 and control groups. However, in the @entity726 group, @entity1 with an age  >= 70  years had significantly thinner subfoveal and nasal choroid compared to those of the @entity1 with <70  years of age (P  =  0.017, 0.002 respectively). In the control group, @entity3193 showed no significant difference when the subjects were subgrouped according to the age cut point (P  >  0.05). @entity3193 seem not to differ between @entity1 with @entity725 and healthy controls. However, an age  >= 70  years might be associated with thinning in subfoveal and nasal choroid in @entity1 with @entity725 . Further studies are needed to elucidate whether choroidal thinning is a cause or result in @entity725 .

title: Age-based analysis of XXXX in @entity725 .

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal thickness and vessel caliber', 'choroidal thickness and vessel measurements', 'choroidal thickness and vessel diameter']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel diameter']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to assess @entity3193 in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity725 and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare choroidal measurements based on age (with a cut point of 70  years). The study cohort comprised 54 @entity1 with @entity725 (mean age of 63.2      8.8  years) and 44 healthy control subjects (mean age of 62.9      8.5  years) (P  =  0.870). We found no significant differences in terms of choroidal measurements (P  >  0.05) between the @entity726 and control groups. However, in the @entity726 group, @entity1 with an age  >= 70  years had significantly thinner subfoveal and nasal choroid compared to those of the @entity1 with <70  years of age (P  =  0.017, 0.002 respectively). In the control group, @entity3193 showed no significant difference when the subjects were subgrouped according to the age cut point (P  >  0.05). @entity3193 seem not to differ between @entity1 with @entity725 and healthy controls. However, an age  >= 70  years might be associated with thinning in subfoveal and nasal choroid in @entity1 with @entity725 . Further studies are needed to elucidate whether choroidal thinning is a cause or result in @entity725 .

title: Age-based analysis of @entity3193 in XXXX .

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']