abstract: The prevalence of @entity56 is influenced by sex and age. Although @entity19 models are widely used in @entity566 research, few experimental studies have examined the interaction effects of sex and age on @entity566 outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the individual and combined effects of sex and age on @entity56 sensitization and @entity32 in two @entity19 models: an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and an intranasal (i.n.) sensitization model. We also investigated how the allergen immunization dose interacted with age and sex in the i.p. model. Female and male @entity19 were immunized i.p. or i.n. with @entity10328 when 1, 6 or 20   weeks old. In both models, allergen challenges were performed by i.n. delivery. Serum antibodies, draining lymph node cytokine release and airway inflammatory responses were assessed. In the i.p. model, the antibody and cytokine levels and airway @entity32 were highly influenced by immunization dose and age. The responses increased with age when using a low immunization dose, but decreased with age when using a high immunization dose. In the i.n. model, antibody production and airway tissue @entity32 increased with age. Female compared with male @entity19 generally developed more pronounced antibody and inflammatory responses. Relative to older @entity19 , juvenile @entity19 had augmented airway @entity32 to allergen exposures. The study demonstrates that immunization dose, sex and age are highly influential on @entity566 outcomes. To better mimic different life stages of @entity1 @entity56 airway disease, @entity19 models, therefore, require careful optimization.

title: Determinants of experimental XXXX responses: interactions between allergen dose, sex and age.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an outpatient team management program for @entity1 with early chronic @entity625 would produce improved clinical outcomes and lower costs than traditional, nonteam outpatient rheumatologic care in a clinic setting. METHODS: One hundred eighteen @entity1 with chronic @entity625 were randomly assigned to a team managed outpatient care program (TEAMCARE) or to traditional, one on one, nonteam managed rheumatologic care (TRADCARE). The TEAMCARE program consisted of a half day educational program, a needs assessment intake interview, and quarterly telephone calls, monthly team meetings, and routine rheumatologic care. TRADCARE @entity1 received unconstrained, routine primary and specialty outpatient care as practised typically by rheumatologists at this large multi-specialty clinic. All @entity1 had numerous physical and laboratory outcome assessments by rheumatologists at office visit. Every 6 months, @entity1 completed several self-report measures of functional status, @entity158 , psychosocial status, and costs. RESULTS: One hundred seven @entity1 completed one year of study participation. No significant differences were found between groups in measures of physical status, physical functioning, psychosocial status, or @entity158 . There were no differences between groups in economic or utilization measures. CONCLUSION: This team managed outpatient program for @entity1 with recent onset chronic @entity625 afforded no advantage to routine outpatient care, characterized mainly by one on one relationships between @entity1 and primary care doctors and rheumatologists, in our active outpatient clinical environment.

title: Team managed outpatient care for early onset chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: As in @entity101 , the addition of a second active drug is believed to enhance treatment efficacy; however, the extent to which a combination of two low-dose drugs outperforms conventional monotherapy remains uncertain. Established treatments of @entity951 comprises @entity3362 compounds, beta-blockers and @entity460 antagonists, which are often given in combination. Beta-blockers are major players in this field as they inhibit the @entity591 induced by @entity3362 and @entity460 antagonists; there is therefore a pathophysiological justification for their use in combination therapy, supported by repeated confirmation of positive clinical effect. The most widely chosen @entity460 antagonists are @entity19346 ; @entity1855 may impair conduction. However, it is not clear whether combination enhances the effects of the individual antianginal substances. Diuretics are for most clinicians the keystone treatment of @entity712 ; diuretics are often combined with other drugs, e.g. @entity6478 and @entity1482 . The latter also have a beneficial effect on myocardial structure (myocardium/collagen ratio). ACE-inhibitors are of proven clinical efficacy, and, in addition, have a beneficial effect on survival. They combine well with diuretics: because the diuretic stimulates renin release, the ACE-inhibitor can be given at a lower dose (enhancement of effect). There are, however, certain drawbacks ( @entity551 , @entity4144 with antialdosterones). The results of combining ACE-inhibitors with @entity460 antagonists and beta-blockers await investigation. The ISIS studies demonstrated the advantages of combining beta-blockers, thrombolysis and @entity117 in acute @entity1188 . ACE-inhibitors have recently been added to the regimen with a positive effect (extended survival), especially in the presence of a decreased ejection fraction (SAVE, @entity11115 , GISSI 3 and ISIS 4 studies).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Combination therapy in cardiovascular diseases other than XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity19346 :: ('MESH:D004095', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridines']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: This study evaluated the "oldest old" Intensive Care Unit (ICU) @entity130 @entity1 , defined as @entity1 of age 75 and over, to determine the relationships between age, injury magnitude, physiologic severity of illness, and outcome in this group, compared with younger @entity130 @entity1 . Of 1,039 consecutive @entity954 ( @entity954 ) @entity1 with complete data, 45 were in the Oldest group, 54 were in the Elderly group (ages 65 to 74), and 940 were in the Younger group (age < 65). Age, sex, and type of @entity130 (penetrating versus blunt) did not predict outcome. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was significantly higher in the Oldest group than in the other groups (p = 0.0005), but the @entity130 Score was the same for all groups. The proportion of Oldest group @entity1 with ISS > or = 20 was significantly higher than for Elderly and Younger group @entity1 (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.00005, respectively). The @entity697 ( @entity697 ) on the first @entity954 day was the best outcome predictor for all age groups, along with maximum @entity697 during the @entity954 stay (p < 0.00005 for both). When @entity1 were stratified by ISS, there was a statistically significant difference in day 1 @entity697 among age groups for most ISS categories, with higher @entity697 associated with advancing age. The oldest old fare worse with @entity130 because their injury is more severe (higher ISS) and because their physiologic response to a given level of injury is exaggerated (higher @entity697 ). However, once the oldest old are stratified by @entity697 , their outcome parallels that of their younger @entity130 cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcome from critical care in the "oldest old" XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Simplified Acute Physiology Score', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical ICU', 'SICU']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study evaluated the "oldest old" Intensive Care Unit (ICU) @entity130 @entity1 , defined as @entity1 of age 75 and over, to determine the relationships between age, injury magnitude, physiologic severity of illness, and outcome in this group, compared with younger @entity130 @entity1 . Of 1,039 consecutive @entity954 ( @entity954 ) @entity1 with complete data, 45 were in the Oldest group, 54 were in the Elderly group (ages 65 to 74), and 940 were in the Younger group (age < 65). Age, sex, and type of @entity130 (penetrating versus blunt) did not predict outcome. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was significantly higher in the Oldest group than in the other groups (p = 0.0005), but the @entity130 Score was the same for all groups. The proportion of Oldest group @entity1 with ISS > or = 20 was significantly higher than for Elderly and Younger group @entity1 (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.00005, respectively). The @entity697 ( @entity697 ) on the first @entity954 day was the best outcome predictor for all age groups, along with maximum @entity697 during the @entity954 stay (p < 0.00005 for both). When @entity1 were stratified by ISS, there was a statistically significant difference in day 1 @entity697 among age groups for most ISS categories, with higher @entity697 associated with advancing age. The oldest old fare worse with @entity130 because their injury is more severe (higher ISS) and because their physiologic response to a given level of injury is exaggerated (higher @entity697 ). However, once the oldest old are stratified by @entity697 , their outcome parallels that of their younger @entity130 cohorts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Outcome from critical care in the "oldest old" @entity130 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The @entity995 protein/ XXXX @entity986 pathway but not @entity876 is disrupted by @entity1082 in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV positive and negative cancers', 'penile cancers', 'tumours', 'Basaloid tumours']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma', 'PSCC']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'RB']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The @entity995 protein/ @entity986 XXXX pathway but not @entity876 is disrupted by @entity1082 in @entity957 .

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['INK4A']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The @entity995 protein/ @entity986 @entity986 pathway but not XXXX is disrupted by @entity1082 in @entity957 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The @entity995 protein/ @entity986 @entity986 pathway but not @entity876 is disrupted by XXXX in @entity957 .

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The @entity995 protein/ @entity986 @entity986 pathway but not @entity876 is disrupted by @entity1082 in XXXX .

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['penile squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: The pathogenesis of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is not well understood. @entity1082 ) may be involved in @entity105 , but few studies have compared cell-cycle protein expression in @entity5 . The aim was to determine the extent of @entity1083 in different histological subtypes of @entity957 and its impact on the expression of key cell-cycle proteins: @entity876 , @entity3544 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity995 ( @entity995 ) protein. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity957 samples were examined immunohistochemically for @entity995 , @entity986 ( @entity986 ) , @entity876 and @entity3544 protein expression. One hundred and two cases were typed for HPV by PCR. HPV DNA was detected in 56% of @entity5 , with @entity1799 present in 81%. @entity5 were related strongly to @entity1083 (10 of 13), while verrucous were not (three of 13). Fifty-nine per cent (38 of 64) of usual type SCCs had @entity1083 . @entity995 protein correlated negatively (P<0.0001) and @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (P<0.0001) and @entity3544 (P=0.0002) correlated positively with @entity1083 . @entity876 did not correlate with @entity1083 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1083 is present in more than half of @entity5 and it is responsible for @entity995 pathway disruption. However, no link between HPV and @entity876 immunodetection was found. Only basaloid and half of usual-type PSSCs correlate with @entity1083 , confirming possible separate aetiologies for those @entity5 .

title: The XXXX protein/ @entity986 @entity986 pathway but not @entity876 is disrupted by @entity1082 in @entity957 .

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) remains a major factor in morbidity and @entity204 in severely injured @entity1 , especially those in specific high-risk groups. PEs have been documented to occur despite routine @entity1150 prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Greenfield filter (PGF) placement in @entity1 who have @entity1230 with known high-risk injuries for @entity358 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 1994, PGF were prospectively placed in 108 @entity1 who had an injury severity score greater than 9 and met one of the following criteria: (1) severe @entity542 with prolonged ventilator dependence, (2) severe @entity542 with multiple @entity174 , (3) @entity1566 with or without @entity912 , (4) major abdominal or pelvic penetrating @entity1317 , (5) pelvic @entity174 with @entity174 . These @entity1 were compared with 216 @entity1 , historically matched for age, sex, mechanism of @entity130 severity score, and days in the intensive care unit. Data analysis was done with chi-squared and Student's t testing. RESULT: There were no statistical differences between the PGF and control group with regard to age (35.9 +/- 1.5 vs 38.3 +/- 1.4), sex (male 76% vs 75.5%), days in the intensive care unit (21.2 +/- 1.4 vs 18.1 +/- 1.5), ISS (28.0 +/- 1.0 vs 25.4 +/- 0.8) and mechanism of injury (blunt 85% vs 81%). None of the @entity1 in the PGF group had a @entity358 . In the control group, however, 13 @entity1 had a @entity358 , nine of which were fatal. These differences were statistically significant for both @entity358 (p < 0.009) and @entity358 -related @entity204 (p < 0.03). The overall mortality rate was reduced in the PGF group (18 of 108, 16%) versus the control group (47 of 216, 22%); however, this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PGF insertion in selected @entity1 at high risk who had @entity130 effectively prevented both fatal and nonfatal @entity358 . The lower incidence of fatal @entity358 in the PGF group may have contributed to a reduction in the overall mortality rate. @entity1 who have @entity130 with high risk for @entity358 should be considered for PGF placement.

title: Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury, injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) remains a major factor in morbidity and @entity204 in severely injured @entity1 , especially those in specific high-risk groups. PEs have been documented to occur despite routine @entity1150 prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Greenfield filter (PGF) placement in @entity1 who have @entity1230 with known high-risk injuries for @entity358 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 1994, PGF were prospectively placed in 108 @entity1 who had an injury severity score greater than 9 and met one of the following criteria: (1) severe @entity542 with prolonged ventilator dependence, (2) severe @entity542 with multiple @entity174 , (3) @entity1566 with or without @entity912 , (4) major abdominal or pelvic penetrating @entity1317 , (5) pelvic @entity174 with @entity174 . These @entity1 were compared with 216 @entity1 , historically matched for age, sex, mechanism of @entity130 severity score, and days in the intensive care unit. Data analysis was done with chi-squared and Student's t testing. RESULT: There were no statistical differences between the PGF and control group with regard to age (35.9 +/- 1.5 vs 38.3 +/- 1.4), sex (male 76% vs 75.5%), days in the intensive care unit (21.2 +/- 1.4 vs 18.1 +/- 1.5), ISS (28.0 +/- 1.0 vs 25.4 +/- 0.8) and mechanism of injury (blunt 85% vs 81%). None of the @entity1 in the PGF group had a @entity358 . In the control group, however, 13 @entity1 had a @entity358 , nine of which were fatal. These differences were statistically significant for both @entity358 (p < 0.009) and @entity358 -related @entity204 (p < 0.03). The overall mortality rate was reduced in the PGF group (18 of 108, 16%) versus the control group (47 of 216, 22%); however, this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PGF insertion in selected @entity1 at high risk who had @entity130 effectively prevented both fatal and nonfatal @entity358 . The lower incidence of fatal @entity358 in the PGF group may have contributed to a reduction in the overall mortality rate. @entity1 who have @entity130 with high risk for @entity358 should be considered for PGF placement.

title: Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk @entity130 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of @entity3003 plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) @entity1149 . @entity1 received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. @entity1 received concurrent @entity3003 (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level (level 1A) continued pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2, but with involved field radiation instead of extended nodal irradiation. Consolidation consisted of @entity3003 (AUC = 6) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) q3 weeks   2 -3 cycles. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled. Fourteen @entity1 are evaluable for @entity137 analysis. Of the initial 6 @entity1 treated on dose level 1, two experienced DLTs (one grade 4 @entity295 , one prolonged grade 3 @entity2910 ). There was one DLT (grade 5 @entity55 ) in the 8 @entity1 treated on dose level 1A. In 16 @entity1 evaluable for response (4 with oligometastatic stage IV disease and 12 with @entity5 ), the median follow-up time is 17.8 months. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 had in field local regional response. The actuarial median survival time was 28.6 months in all @entity1 and 34.7 months (estimated) in stage III @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity3003 with dose-dense (q2week) pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2 with involved field XRT is feasible and encouraging in @entity1 with locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase i study of 'dose-dense' pemetrexed plus @entity3003 /radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of @entity3003 plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) @entity1149 . @entity1 received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. @entity1 received concurrent @entity3003 (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level (level 1A) continued pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2, but with involved field radiation instead of extended nodal irradiation. Consolidation consisted of @entity3003 (AUC = 6) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) q3 weeks   2 -3 cycles. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled. Fourteen @entity1 are evaluable for @entity137 analysis. Of the initial 6 @entity1 treated on dose level 1, two experienced DLTs (one grade 4 @entity295 , one prolonged grade 3 @entity2910 ). There was one DLT (grade 5 @entity55 ) in the 8 @entity1 treated on dose level 1A. In 16 @entity1 evaluable for response (4 with oligometastatic stage IV disease and 12 with @entity5 ), the median follow-up time is 17.8 months. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 had in field local regional response. The actuarial median survival time was 28.6 months in all @entity1 and 34.7 months (estimated) in stage III @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity3003 with dose-dense (q2week) pemetrexed at 300 mg/m2 with involved field XRT is feasible and encouraging in @entity1 with locally advanced and oligometastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase i study of 'dose-dense' pemetrexed plus XXXX /radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Several clinical trials have provided compelling evidence in support of the benefits of lipid-lowering therapy for primary and secondary prevention of @entity731 . The results of primary prevention trials have demonstrated that coronary morbidity can be reduced and survival improved with effective lipid-lowering regimens. There has been concern, however, regarding harmful effects (e.g., increased rate of suicide and increased risk of @entity1820 ) of @entity165 -lowering therapies in primary prevention trials. These concerns are not well supported by strong evidence, and there has been lack of a dose-response relationship. It is generally believed that for 1% reduction in serum @entity165 , there is a 2% reduction in the risk of coronary events. The results of numerous secondary prevention trials have clearly demonstrated the benefit of lipid-lowering therapies in reducing the risk of future @entity299 and @entity299 in @entity1 with preexistent @entity453 . Several studies have shown that treatment regimens effective in reducing LDL @entity165 levels lead to regression of @entity731 as well as retard the progression of the disease process. Interestingly, some of these studies have also shown that when measured angiographically, the luminal diameter at the site of stenotic lesions might improve only by an average of 2% to 3%; however, this small degree of improvement is associated with a remarkable reduction by 35% to 25% in the risk of future coronary events. These findings further corroborate the hypothesis about the importance of a lipid-rich cap of the vulnerable plaques and suggest that the reduction in lipid levels is associated with the efflux of lipids from the plaque, thus converting it from a vulnerable to a stable state. The most recent data from the 4S trial have unequivocally demonstrated the benefits of treatment with HMG coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors in reducing the risk of future coronary events and improving the overall survival in @entity1 with established CHD. Although there is still ongoing controversy regarding the precise course of action for primary prevention of CHD, the results of a large number of studies provide overwhelming evidence in support of aggressive lipid-lowering therapy for secondary prevention of CHD. Based on the findings of these studies, it seems prudent that clinicians become actively involved in the evaluation and management of @entity14822 and other risk factors in @entity1 with CHD.

title: Clinical perspectives on primary and secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac mortality']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Self-management education programs seek to help @entity1 realize that they are their own principal caregivers and that health care professionals are consultants who support them in this role. The aim of this study was to evaluate a @entity6 self-management education program implemented as part of a district-wide approach in South Auckland, New Zealand, which has some of the highest prevalence rates for @entity6 and is one of the most ethnically diverse and deprived regions of New Zealand. METHODS: Self-management attitudes and behaviors were monitored with the use of questionnaires before and after program implementation. Clinical outcomes such as hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and blood pressure were also tracked before the program began and 3 months after the program ended. @entity1 focus groups and facilitator interviews were conducted to explore perceptions of the program. RESULTS: @entity1 showed improvement in attitudes toward their own ability to manage their @entity6 ; in diet, physical activity, and foot care; and in hemoglobin A1c levels 3 months after the end of participation. @entity1 also reduced their sense of isolation when dealing with their @entity6 . However, catering to the needs of a multiethnic community is extremely resource-intensive because of the need to provide adequate language and cultural interpretation. CONCLUSION: Self-management education can work in multiethnic, high-needs communities in New Zealand. Programs must ensure they enable the appropriate mechanisms and have appropriate resources to support the community's needs.

title: XXXX self-management education in South Auckland, New Zealand, 2007-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participant', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity3566 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity1 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity1 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity1 (S): A total of 240 @entity1 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity1 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1420 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: @entity1420 level and @entity1420 /estradiol ratio on the day of XXXX administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANT', 'women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

answer: @entity3566 :: (3342,Gene) :: ['hCG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity3566 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity1 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity1 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity1 (S): A total of 240 @entity1 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity1 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1420 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: XXXX level and @entity1420 /estradiol ratio on the day of @entity3566 administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['Progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify if there are certain cutoff levels for P and or the P/E(2) ratio on the day of @entity3566 that would be defined as detrimental for occurrence of pregnancy in @entity1 with normal ovarian reserve undergoing cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET). Secondarily, to determine if these same cutoffs might have the same potential negative effect in @entity1 undergoing blastocyst ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including two randomized cohorts. SETTING: Private and university fertility centers. @entity1 (S): A total of 240 @entity1 undergoing long agonist protocol with at least four grade 1 day 3 embryos. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo day 3 or day 5 embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was the primary outcome. RESULT(S): Using receiver operator characteristics, cutoffs for P and P/E(2) ratio were 1.5 ng/mL and 0.55, respectively. @entity1 with P  <= 1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2)  <= 0.55 undergoing cleavage-stage ET had higher CPR. Using multiple regression, P/E(2) ratio was the only independent predictor for pregnancy. The P and P/E(2) cutoffs were not correlated with CPR in blastocyst transfers. CONCLUSION(S): @entity1420 >1.5 ng/mL and P/E(2) >0.55 affect the CPR in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage, but not blastocyst ET. P/E(2) ratio is the only independent prognosticator for cycle outcome in @entity1 undergoing cleavage-stage ET.

title: @entity1420 level and XXXX /estradiol ratio on the day of @entity3566 administration: detrimental cutoff levels and new treatment strategy.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical correlates of wound complications in high-risk @entity1 undergoing abdominal gynecologic surgery in a tertiary referral center. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 demographics, pre-operative and intra-operative information, and outcomes was performed in a cohort of @entity1 who underwent abdominal surgery for suspected gynecologic malignancy between 1/2005 and 6/2008. The primary outcome was wound complication within 6 weeks of surgery. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. A nomogram predicting @entity532 was created and validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: Median age of 373 @entity1 analyzed was 57years (range 25-88), median body mass index (BMI) 32.3kg/m(2) (range 14.0-70.7). A total of 150 @entity1 (40%) had prior abdominal surgery; 40 (11%) had a pre-operative serum albumin <3.5g/dl; and 78 (21%) had @entity358 . @entity532 occurred in 125 @entity1 (34%). In multivariate analysis wound complications were correlated with BMI of 30-39.9kg/m(2) (OR=5.62, 95% CI 2.08-15.19, p<0.0001) and BMI>= 40kg/m(2) (OR=10.27, 95% CI 3.66-28.88, p<0.0001), prior abdominal surgery (OR 3.28, 95%CI1.89-5.70, p<0.0001), serum albumin <=3.5g/dl (OR 4.24, 95%CI 1.87-9.61, p=0.0005), @entity358 (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.09-4.51, p=0.03), lysis of adhesions (OR 3.57, 95%CI 1.04-12.26, p=0.04), and length of surgery (OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.35-4.35, p=0.003). Risk for wound complication was lower with pelvic drain placement (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.11-0.64, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: @entity532 are common in gynecologic oncology. Further studies should explore whether risk factor modification decreases complications.

title: XXXX after gynecologic cancer surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Wound complications', 'post-operative wound complications']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Wound complications']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4998 stand a far better chance of receiving a rapid diagnosis, appropriate replacement therapy, and functional surgical reconstruction than was the case even a decade ago. Although the etiologies of true @entity4998 and mixed @entity444 remain elusive, most gene defects in female @entity4998 or CAH have been pinpointed to the 21-hydroxylase gene. Incomplete masculinization has been found to be due to defects in the @entity342 receptor, 5 alpha-reductase, or enzymes in the pathway from @entity165 to @entity251 . @entity16438 point mutations have been implicated in 46XY pure @entity444 . Retained m  llerian ducts have been attributed to point mutations in the @entity248 gene; those with normal @entity248 levels should be expected to have receptor deficits. In utero diagnoses and treatment and diagnosis at the preimplantation stage may prove to be very important for the care of some of these @entity1 , who may be potential candidates for gene replacement therapy. When necessary, surgical reconstruction can be done. If the @entity1 is to be raised as a female, clitoral recession, labioscrotal reductions and advancements, and vaginoplasties for exteriorization can be accomplished in early infancy as an extensive one-stage procedure. If @entity1 are to be raised as males, then various types of @entity2650 repair can be done, gonads can be replaced with prostheses, the @entity15511 can be reconstructed, and m  llerian structures can be removed with the goal of preserving the vas deferens. Replacement therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids must be precisely managed to permit proper growth, and @entity251 , @entity172 , and @entity1420 replacement must be carefully considered and managed. A most important element in the care of these @entity1 is the psychological support that first the families and then the @entity1 require. This must be delivered with sensitivity. The proper care of these complex @entity1 requires that the physician be a scientist as well as a clinician and a skilled technician.

title: XXXX --etiology, diagnosis, and therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohermaphroditism', 'hermaphroditism', 'ambiguous genitalia']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity15511 :: ('MESH:C536650', 'Disease') :: ['prepenile scrotum']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['Ambiguous genitalia']


abstract: Fifteen @entity3330 in 14 @entity1 were treated with external fixation using the EBI Orthofix unilateral external fixator. The average @entity1 age was 8.5 years (range, 3-13 years). There were 7 @entity1 with @entity1230 and 7 with @entity174 . The average duration in the fixator was 63 days; average followup was 34 months. All 15 @entity174 healed without additional operative intervention. Average angulation at the @entity174 site was 4.4 degrees in the anteroposterior plane (range, 0 degrees-10 degrees) and 4.6 degrees in the lateral plane (range, 0 degrees-11 degrees). There were 5 pin tract infections, all of which resolved with systemic antibiotics. There was 1 case of refracture in a @entity1 with @entity3986 . Ten @entity1 had clinically equal leg lengths, 3 @entity1 had < 1 cm of inequality, and 1 @entity1 had a 1.5 cm discrepancy. External fixation is a well-proven technique for managing @entity3330 in the @entity1 with @entity1230 . It is also an effective means of treating @entity3330 in the pediatric population.

title: External fixation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'isolated fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric femoral fractures', 'isolated femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['pediatric femoral fractures']


abstract: We investigated the use of a scleral plug of biodegradable polymer implanted at the pars plana to create a controlled drug-delivery system in the vitreous. We evaluated the efficacy of a plug containing @entity632 to treat experimental proliferative @entity1715 (PVR) in pigmented @entity95 . An implantable device on the sclera, which imitates a scleral plug, containing 1% @entity632 , was prepared with @entity7049 (molecular weight, 20,000). The release of @entity632 in @entity1391 -buffered saline was evaluated by spectro-photometry. After pars plana vitrectomy and plug implantation, concentrations of @entity632 in the vitreous humor of the @entity95 were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The release profiles were evaluated during 5 weeks in vitro and 4 weeks in vivo. Cultured homologous fibroblasts were injected into the vitreous space to induce experimental PVR after gas compression of the vitreous. The scleral plugs were implanted at the pars plana in treatment animals (n = 11). Control @entity95 (n = 11) were followed up without implantation after PVR induction. All eyes of the control group developed tractional @entity1713 at day 28, while the incidence of @entity1713 was decreased to 64% in the treated eyes. (P = 0.002). The implantation of the scleral plug effectively inhibited intravitreous proliferation of fibroblasts. This study demonstrated that the scleral plug of biodegradable polymers may have potential as a treatment modality for PVR.

title: Implantable biodegradable polymeric device in the treatment of experimental proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1715 :: (MESH:D018630,Disease) :: ['vitreoretinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity1 ' clinical outcome, survival and performance status at the mild-term follow-up evaluation after optimal microsurgical resection of large and @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ). METHODS: During a 4-year period (2004-2008), 41 @entity1 underwent operative procedures for resection of @entity1653 . The @entity5 size was large or giant in 100% of the @entity1 , with a mean @entity5 diameter of 4.4   cm. @entity5 extended into adjoining regions in 26 of the @entity1 . Six previously underwent operation or irradiation. @entity5 resection (GTR) was accomplished in 25 (61.0%) @entity1 , subtotal resection (STR) in 15 (36.6%) @entity1 and partial resection in 1 (2.4%) @entity1 . There were no operative deaths. @entity260 ( @entity5173 , @entity1688 , @entity281 , @entity129 , etc.) were observed in 27 (65.9%) @entity1 . Postoperative radiation or radiosurgery was administered to 6 of the 41 @entity1 who had residual @entity5 . RESULTS: At the conclusion of the study, 27 (65.9%) @entity1 were alive with radiological evidence of the @entity66 , and 14 (34.1%) @entity1 were alive without radiological evidence of the @entity66 . The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range, 15-45 months). Six (14.6%; five of the STR and partially resected @entity1 and one of the total resection @entity1 ) had recurrence; of these @entity1 , four underwent repeat resection and two were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. The Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 78  14 preoperatively, 80  10 at 1 year postoperatively and 81  10 at the time of the latest follow-up evaluation. Common disabilities at the time of the follow-up evaluation included @entity892 , @entity1183 and @entity1282 . Most @entity1 developed coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical strategy of large and @entity1653 should be focused on the survival and postoperative quality of life. The good surgical approach should be based on the @entity5 location, the growth direction, the invasion of adjacent structure, the age of the @entity1 and the experience of neurosurgeons. Selectively pursuing an STR without radiotherapy rather than a GTR is a reasonable strategy. Moreover, microneurosurgical technique plays a key role in the level of @entity5 resection and preservation of nerve function. Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring also contributes dramatically to the preservation of the nerve function.

title: Large and XXXX : therapeutic strategy and the choice of microsurgical approaches - report of the experience with 41 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'Gross tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['PCMs', 'giant PCMs', 'giant petroclival meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing difficulty']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['giant petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) in severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) remains a controversial therapeutic strategy. The long-term functional recovery and health status in a sample of decompressive craniectomized @entity131 are reported. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity131 who underwent DC were retrospectively investigated. @entity1 with @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) and DC were considered as control group. In all survival @entity1 admitted to a neuro-rehabilitation setting, the modified Rankin (mRS), Glasgow Outcome scale (GOS) and Barthel Scales (BS) were administered at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up. The quality-of-life was evaluated with the SF-36 questionnaire at follow-up (41.1  16.6 months). RESULTS: Seventy (33 F, 37 M, mean age=46.8, SD=18.8) @entity1 were enrolled: 46 (20 F, 26 M) subjects with @entity131 and 24 (13 F, 11 M) with @entity1779 . After surgery, 11 (23.9%) and 10 (41.6%) subjects in the @entity131 and @entity1779 group, respectively, died. The mean Barthel scores were 4.0 (SD=5.9), 60.9 (SD=37.5), 63.7 (SD=35.1) and 67.3 (SD=38.2) (p<0.001) and median GOS was 3, 4, 4 and 4 at admission, discharge, 1 year and follow-up, respectively, in @entity131 @entity1 . Seventeen (36.9%) @entity1 with @entity131 and four (16.6%) with @entity1779 made a full recovery. The SF-36 questionnaire showed significant abnormalities in all domains of health status in both groups. CONCLUSION: Craniectomized @entity1 with @entity131 achieved good long-term outcome, although they experienced significant difficulties in health status.

title: Long-term outcome and health status in decompressive craniectomized XXXX with intractable intracranial pressure after severe brain injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage', 'CH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity32241 reductase (TR) is a flavoenzyme that has been found only in parasitic protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. The enzyme catalyzes the @entity1110 -dependent reduction of @entity53577 conjugates and is a key enzyme of the parasite's @entity1432 metabolism. Consequently, TR is an attractive target molecule for a structure-based drug development against @entity1526 , @entity7247 , and other diseases caused by trypanosomes and leishmanias. The three-dimensional structures of TR and of three enzyme substrate complexes have been solved. Several classes of compounds are discussed as guide structures for the design of specific inhibitors. Among them are tricyclic compounds such as @entity54660 and @entity11922 , which competitively inhibit TR but not the related host enzyme @entity2041 reductase, as well as oxidase activity-inducing @entity15942 and @entity73286 . @entity16336 dehydrogenase (LipDH) is another @entity13745 discussed as a target molecule for an antitrypanosomal therapy. In @entity1527 , an organism that is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, LipDH participates in the redox cycling of nifurtimox, one of the most effective anti-Chagas agents. In conclusion, the structurally related enzymes TR and LipDH exhibit an unusually high one-electron-reducing capacity. Consequently, turncoat inhibitors and other compounds inducing an oxidase activity in both enzymes are promising drug candidates against @entity1526 .

title: Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 5. XXXX reductase and @entity16336 dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design.

entities_list: @entity13745 :: ('CHEBI:5086', 'Chemical') :: ['flavoprotein']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity32241 :: ('MESH:C044809', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypanothione']

entities_list: @entity53577 :: ('MESH:C012333', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathionylspermidine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity73286 :: ('MESH:D009581', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurans']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity16336 :: ('MESH:C013091', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipoamide']

entities_list: @entity54660 :: ('MESH:D000166', 'Chemical') :: ['acridines']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African sleeping sickness']

answer: @entity32241 :: (MESH:C044809,Chemical) :: ['Trypanothione']


abstract: @entity32241 reductase (TR) is a flavoenzyme that has been found only in parasitic protozoa of the order Kinetoplastida. The enzyme catalyzes the @entity1110 -dependent reduction of @entity53577 conjugates and is a key enzyme of the parasite's @entity1432 metabolism. Consequently, TR is an attractive target molecule for a structure-based drug development against @entity1526 , @entity7247 , and other diseases caused by trypanosomes and leishmanias. The three-dimensional structures of TR and of three enzyme substrate complexes have been solved. Several classes of compounds are discussed as guide structures for the design of specific inhibitors. Among them are tricyclic compounds such as @entity54660 and @entity11922 , which competitively inhibit TR but not the related host enzyme @entity2041 reductase, as well as oxidase activity-inducing @entity15942 and @entity73286 . @entity16336 dehydrogenase (LipDH) is another @entity13745 discussed as a target molecule for an antitrypanosomal therapy. In @entity1527 , an organism that is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, LipDH participates in the redox cycling of nifurtimox, one of the most effective anti-Chagas agents. In conclusion, the structurally related enzymes TR and LipDH exhibit an unusually high one-electron-reducing capacity. Consequently, turncoat inhibitors and other compounds inducing an oxidase activity in both enzymes are promising drug candidates against @entity1526 .

title: Flavoprotein structure and mechanism. 5. @entity32241 reductase and XXXX dehydrogenase as targets for a structure-based drug design.

answer: @entity16336 :: (MESH:C013091,Chemical) :: ['lipoamide']


abstract: Uterine @entity20866 shows a frequency from 25 to 30% in reproductive age @entity1 . Traditional treatment is hysterectomy or myomectomy independently from fertility wishes of the @entity1 . Its growth has been associated to estrogenic activity. Because of this, several substances have been used to diminish @entity5 size, pre-operatively. The use of analogues of liberating hormone of hypophysiary gonadotropins (GnRH), given to favor surgical technique, to diminish @entity548 and to avoid blood transfusions. Clinical efficiency of the use of @entity21278 in @entity1 with uterine leyomiomatosis, pre-operatively during three months, was studied in this paper. The study was prospective, comparative, blind and with longitudinal measurements. Twenty eight @entity1 were included. Group I (n = 13) and Group II (n = 15) control without treatment. Observation units included FSH, LH, E2, @entity7296 , HCT, USG basal, 30, 60, 90 days. Results showed a diminution of more than 80% of the initial uterine volume, and of 30% of the @entity1868 independently measured. Side effects, tolerance and efficacy of the used compound, are mentioned.

title: [Preoperative management of uterine XXXX using pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues].

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity21278 :: ('MESH:D017274', 'Chemical') :: ['nafarelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trans-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity20866 :: (MESH:D018231,Disease) :: ['leiomyomatosis']


abstract: This formulation includes a number of disease entities which may alarm those who believe that a @entity706 classification must be simple. The fact remains that these are the @entity5 that pathologists are seeing and diagnosing, and oncologists must be prepared to deal with them. If several morphologically, immunologically and genetically distinct @entity5 prove to respond identically to currently available treatment, the can be "lumped" for the purposes of clinical treatment selection (see Table 11-3). However, if new forms of treatment become available, particularly if these are directed against antigenic or genetic features, it will be important to recognize and study each disease separately. This study should be regarded as a preliminary effort to develop a consensus on @entity706 categorization, and constitutes merely a framework for further study. The ILSG has not attempted to determine the reproducibility of diagnosis of the various categories, either among different pathologists or by the same pathologist over time. No prior @entity5 classification has been based on reproducibility and when such studies have been done with existing classifications of @entity706 , they have shown disappointing results. 1,35,119 It is likely that recognition of clearly defined entities, which have characteristic immunophenotypes and in some cases genetic features, as well a characteristics morphology, will facilitate reproducibility among pathologists.189 Formal reproducibility studies should be undertaken, and should in general be a more frequent activity in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity5 . The ILSG does not have the resources to make a systematic attempt to determine the utility of these histologically and immunologically defined categories in predicting clinical outcome. The task of the pathologist is to attempt to define diseases by morphologic and other criteria applied to tissue specimens, and this has been the goal of the current endeavor. The clinical information about the different entities is taken from studies already published, which clearly show that each of the entities has distinctive clinical behavior, even if distinctive treatments are not currently available. The joint task of clinical oncologist and hematopathologists now is to undertake systematic application of the criteria presented here to defined groups of @entity1 , to determine whether the newly-recognized categories will help to further stratify treatment response and outcome in clinical trials. Several members of the ILSG have already begun to review cases in cooperative group trials, and have found the recognition of these entities within broad Working Formulation categories can have prognostic implications (Grogan, T and Banks, PM, unpublished data from the Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A practical approach to the pathology of @entity706 : a revised European-American classification from the International XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Lymphoma']


abstract: This formulation includes a number of disease entities which may alarm those who believe that a @entity706 classification must be simple. The fact remains that these are the @entity5 that pathologists are seeing and diagnosing, and oncologists must be prepared to deal with them. If several morphologically, immunologically and genetically distinct @entity5 prove to respond identically to currently available treatment, the can be "lumped" for the purposes of clinical treatment selection (see Table 11-3). However, if new forms of treatment become available, particularly if these are directed against antigenic or genetic features, it will be important to recognize and study each disease separately. This study should be regarded as a preliminary effort to develop a consensus on @entity706 categorization, and constitutes merely a framework for further study. The ILSG has not attempted to determine the reproducibility of diagnosis of the various categories, either among different pathologists or by the same pathologist over time. No prior @entity5 classification has been based on reproducibility and when such studies have been done with existing classifications of @entity706 , they have shown disappointing results. 1,35,119 It is likely that recognition of clearly defined entities, which have characteristic immunophenotypes and in some cases genetic features, as well a characteristics morphology, will facilitate reproducibility among pathologists.189 Formal reproducibility studies should be undertaken, and should in general be a more frequent activity in the pathologic diagnosis of @entity5 . The ILSG does not have the resources to make a systematic attempt to determine the utility of these histologically and immunologically defined categories in predicting clinical outcome. The task of the pathologist is to attempt to define diseases by morphologic and other criteria applied to tissue specimens, and this has been the goal of the current endeavor. The clinical information about the different entities is taken from studies already published, which clearly show that each of the entities has distinctive clinical behavior, even if distinctive treatments are not currently available. The joint task of clinical oncologist and hematopathologists now is to undertake systematic application of the criteria presented here to defined groups of @entity1 , to determine whether the newly-recognized categories will help to further stratify treatment response and outcome in clinical trials. Several members of the ILSG have already begun to review cases in cooperative group trials, and have found the recognition of these entities within broad Working Formulation categories can have prognostic implications (Grogan, T and Banks, PM, unpublished data from the Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: A practical approach to the pathology of XXXX : a revised European-American classification from the International @entity706 Study Group.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid neoplasms']


abstract: To determine the relative expression of distinct @entity3558 genes in normal and neoplastic tissue, antibodies and cDNA probes that recognize the core tandem repeat sequences of membrane-bound ( @entity2355 ) and secreted ( @entity5091 and @entity5087 ) mucins were used for immunohistochemical and RNA Northern and slot-blot analysis. @entity2355 mRNA was detected in all epithelial tissues tested. @entity2355 core peptide, recognized by monoclonal antibodies 139H2 and DF3, was highly expressed on apical membranes of bronchus, breast, salivary gland, pancreas, prostate, and uterus, and was sparsely expressed in gastric surface cells, gallbladder, small intestine, and colonic epithelium. In contrast, @entity5091 and @entity5087 gene expression was primarily restricted to the intestinal tract. @entity5091 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, and colon, compared with very low levels in normal bronchus and gallbladder. @entity5087 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, colon, and gallbladder. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against synthetic @entity5091 (anti- @entity11092 ) and @entity5087 (anti-M3P) peptides indicate that @entity5091 - and @entity5087 -producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract are distinct. Goblet cells of the small intestine and colon reacted strongly with anti- @entity11092 , whereas M3P reactivity was restricted to columnar cells of small intestinal villi, surface colonic epithelium, and gallbladder. @entity3558 protein epitopes and mRNA levels were frequently altered in @entity420 compared to corresponding normal tissues. Alterations included increased expression, aberrant expression, and, less frequently, loss of expression. Increased @entity2355 immunoreactivity was observed in most @entity420 of the breast, lung, stomach, pancreas, prostate, and ovary. In addition, with the exception of @entity263 , focal aberrant expression of @entity5091 and @entity5087 epitopes was frequently observed. Increased @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5087 epitopes were present in @entity694 of all histological subtypes, with the greatest increase of @entity5091 epitopes observed in colloid (mucinous) @entity694 . @entity5091 or @entity5087 mRNA levels were increased in colloid @entity694 compared with normal colon, however in well- and moderately well-differentiated @entity694 @entity73287 mRNA levels were decreased. Compared with corresponding normal tissue, @entity2355 mRNA levels were increased in @entity0 and well-differentiated @entity2 , and @entity5087 mRNA was increased in @entity356 . Normal stomach lacked both @entity5091 and @entity5087 immunoreactivity and mRNA, however, @entity5091 and @entity5087 proteins and mRNA were highly expressed in @entity356 . In conclusion, @entity3558 genes are independently regulated and their expression is organ- and cell type-specific. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation is associated with dys-regulated expression of both membrane-bound and secreted @entity3558 core protein epitopes and may be due to altered @entity3558 mRNA levels and/or altered @entity3558 glycosylation.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX gene expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinomas', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric intestinal metaplasia', 'gastric adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: The Ross operation, a procedure of replacement of the diseased aortic valve with an autologous pulmonary valve, has many advantages such as no need for anticoagulation therapy and similar valve function and growth potential as native valves. However secondary @entity2333 has emerged as a significant complication and indication for reoperation. We report a 48-year-old @entity1 who had Ross operation in 1997 for a damaged bicuspid aortic valve and severe @entity337 due to subacute @entity3555 complicated by aortic root abscess. In 2009, 12 years later, progressive severe @entity337 with incomplete coaptation and mild dilatation of the aortic root was shown on echocardiography and contrasted CT, while the pulmonary homograft retained normal function. She subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement. Histopathological examination of the explanted neo-aortic valve and neo-arterial wall revealed @entity2070 formation at the nodulus Arantii area of the three valve cusps, ventricularis, and arterialis. The amount of elastic fibres in the neo-aorta media was less than usual for an aorta of this @entity1 's age but was similar to a pulmonary artery. The pathological findings were not different from other studies of specimens removed between 7 to 12 years after Ross operation. However, the pathophysiology and long-term implications of these findings remain debatable. Considering the anatomical and physiological changes induced by the procedure, separate mechanisms for @entity384 and @entity338 are worthy of consideration.

title: Late @entity384 and XXXX after Ross operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['regurgitation']


abstract: The Ross operation, a procedure of replacement of the diseased aortic valve with an autologous pulmonary valve, has many advantages such as no need for anticoagulation therapy and similar valve function and growth potential as native valves. However secondary @entity2333 has emerged as a significant complication and indication for reoperation. We report a 48-year-old @entity1 who had Ross operation in 1997 for a damaged bicuspid aortic valve and severe @entity337 due to subacute @entity3555 complicated by aortic root abscess. In 2009, 12 years later, progressive severe @entity337 with incomplete coaptation and mild dilatation of the aortic root was shown on echocardiography and contrasted CT, while the pulmonary homograft retained normal function. She subsequently underwent aortic valve replacement. Histopathological examination of the explanted neo-aortic valve and neo-arterial wall revealed @entity2070 formation at the nodulus Arantii area of the three valve cusps, ventricularis, and arterialis. The amount of elastic fibres in the neo-aorta media was less than usual for an aorta of this @entity1 's age but was similar to a pulmonary artery. The pathological findings were not different from other studies of specimens removed between 7 to 12 years after Ross operation. However, the pathophysiology and long-term implications of these findings remain debatable. Considering the anatomical and physiological changes induced by the procedure, separate mechanisms for @entity384 and @entity338 are worthy of consideration.

title: Late XXXX and @entity338 after Ross operation.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['aortic dilatation']


abstract: Lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions are mediated in part by multiple lymphocyte surface adhesion/activation molecules and their cognate ligands. We investigated the surface localization of several of these molecules implicated in T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration mechanisms to determine if spatial regulation of their distribution contributes to these processes. T lymphocyte suspensions were stained to define distribution, ability to be aggregated into energy-dependent caps, and potential cocapping of several adhesion structures. @entity3138 , @entity1759 , @entity1196 ( @entity1196 , LECCAM-1), and @entity1453 / @entity1454 ( @entity1453 ) exhibited uniform distribution on the T cell surface by direct immunofluorescence but formed caps in an energy-dependent, and therefore cytoskeletally driven, manner when examined by indirect immunofluorescence. @entity3138 was shown to @entity15735 -cap (unidirectionally cocap) with @entity1759 and @entity1453 / @entity1454 ( @entity1453 ), an observation potentially related to functional cooperation among these molecules in T cell activation. T cells were also added to endothelial cell monolayers to assess, in a physiologically relevant context, potential surface molecule reorganization. Lymphocytes co-cultured with @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) underwent a profound shape change, from essentially round cells to polarized cells bearing pseudopodia. Immunofluorescent localization of T cell adhesion/activation molecules using confocal microscopy revealed the redistribution of @entity3138 , @entity1759 , and @entity1196 to the pseudopod. In contrast, @entity1453 / @entity1454 remained globally distributed on the cell surface, even in severely deformed cells. Both lymphocyte shape change and membrane molecule redistribution appear to be cell-cell contact-dependent phenomena requiring intact, viable endothelial cells. Mechanisms that control these events may be critical to lymphocyte recirculation and @entity32 .

title: XXXX -capping of @entity1 T lymphocyte adhesion/activation molecules and their redistribution during interaction with endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity15735 :: (23336,Gene) :: ['Syn']


abstract: Lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions are mediated in part by multiple lymphocyte surface adhesion/activation molecules and their cognate ligands. We investigated the surface localization of several of these molecules implicated in T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration mechanisms to determine if spatial regulation of their distribution contributes to these processes. T lymphocyte suspensions were stained to define distribution, ability to be aggregated into energy-dependent caps, and potential cocapping of several adhesion structures. @entity3138 , @entity1759 , @entity1196 ( @entity1196 , LECCAM-1), and @entity1453 / @entity1454 ( @entity1453 ) exhibited uniform distribution on the T cell surface by direct immunofluorescence but formed caps in an energy-dependent, and therefore cytoskeletally driven, manner when examined by indirect immunofluorescence. @entity3138 was shown to @entity15735 -cap (unidirectionally cocap) with @entity1759 and @entity1453 / @entity1454 ( @entity1453 ), an observation potentially related to functional cooperation among these molecules in T cell activation. T cells were also added to endothelial cell monolayers to assess, in a physiologically relevant context, potential surface molecule reorganization. Lymphocytes co-cultured with @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) underwent a profound shape change, from essentially round cells to polarized cells bearing pseudopodia. Immunofluorescent localization of T cell adhesion/activation molecules using confocal microscopy revealed the redistribution of @entity3138 , @entity1759 , and @entity1196 to the pseudopod. In contrast, @entity1453 / @entity1454 remained globally distributed on the cell surface, even in severely deformed cells. Both lymphocyte shape change and membrane molecule redistribution appear to be cell-cell contact-dependent phenomena requiring intact, viable endothelial cells. Mechanisms that control these events may be critical to lymphocyte recirculation and @entity32 .

title: @entity15735 -capping of XXXX T lymphocyte adhesion/activation molecules and their redistribution during interaction with endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In recent years, the use of nonoperative palliation for unresectable @entity189 has increased markedly, in part, because of the high morbidity and mortality rates after surgical palliation. The current analysis was undertaken to determine whether or not decreases in morbidity and mortality rates, recently observed after resection of @entity189 , are now being seen in the surgical palliation of unresectable @entity189 . During a 54 month period, 118 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgical exploration with the finding of unresectable @entity420 . @entity1087 was the most common complaint at admission, being present in 73 percent of the @entity1 . @entity615 , or both, was present in 71 percent of the @entity1 and weight loss was observed in 61 percent of the @entity1 . The most commonly performed procedure was combined biliary bypass and gastrojejunostomy, being performed upon 75 percent of the @entity1 . A gastrojejunostomy was performed upon 107 of 118 @entity1 (91 percent). The hospital mortality rate was 2.5 percent. @entity260 occurred in 37 percent of the @entity1 but were seldom life-threatening. @entity2737 was the most frequent @entity260 (10 percent), followed by @entity255 (8 percent) and delayed @entity356 (8 percent). During the late follow-up period, only 4 percent of the @entity1 had @entity1084 , and only 2 percent had recurrent @entity1087 . The mean survival time postoperatively was 7.7 months. These results demonstrate that @entity1 with unresectable @entity189 can undergo surgical palliation with minimal perioperative mortality, acceptable morbidity and good long term palliation. We conclude that surgical palliation is the treatment of choice for carefully selected @entity1 with unresectable @entity189 .

title: Current status of surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal or back pain']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['palliation of periampullary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity110 is a common clinical condition whose etiology, in about 75% of cases, is unknown and is therefore called @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ). A link between @entity14687 and @entity1669 was proposed several decades ago. Here we review this topic. SUMMARY: Several studies have been performed to determine if and to what degree there is an association between @entity14687 and @entity1669 , particularly @entity1669 . Many of these studies were not well controlled, however. Approximately one-fourth of @entity14687 @entity1 have serological evidence of @entity1669 , suggesting that these two disorders are associated. The mechanisms for the apparent association between @entity14687 and serological evidence of @entity1669 are not clear. There are no data regarding the correlations between @entity14687 and histological features of @entity1669 or @entity1375 . Despite this, there are anecdotal reports regarding @entity1955 administration in @entity1 with @entity14687 . CONCLUSIONS: Screening for @entity1669 is probably useful in @entity1 with @entity14687 . More solid evidence, based on still lacking well-conducted controlled studies, is desirable to determine if there is a therapeutic role for @entity1955 treatment in ameliorating the skin manifestations of @entity110 .

title: XXXX and @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases', 'autoimmune thyroiditis', 'thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic urticaria', 'urticaria']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['Urticaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity110 is a common clinical condition whose etiology, in about 75% of cases, is unknown and is therefore called @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ). A link between @entity14687 and @entity1669 was proposed several decades ago. Here we review this topic. SUMMARY: Several studies have been performed to determine if and to what degree there is an association between @entity14687 and @entity1669 , particularly @entity1669 . Many of these studies were not well controlled, however. Approximately one-fourth of @entity14687 @entity1 have serological evidence of @entity1669 , suggesting that these two disorders are associated. The mechanisms for the apparent association between @entity14687 and serological evidence of @entity1669 are not clear. There are no data regarding the correlations between @entity14687 and histological features of @entity1669 or @entity1375 . Despite this, there are anecdotal reports regarding @entity1955 administration in @entity1 with @entity14687 . CONCLUSIONS: Screening for @entity1669 is probably useful in @entity1 with @entity14687 . More solid evidence, based on still lacking well-conducted controlled studies, is desirable to determine if there is a therapeutic role for @entity1955 treatment in ameliorating the skin manifestations of @entity110 .

title: @entity110 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']


abstract: Osteon morphotype scores (MTSs) allow for quantification of mechanically important collagen/lamellar variations between secondary osteons when viewed in @entity6734 ( @entity6734 ). We recently modified the 6-point MTS method of Martin et al. (Martin RB, Gibson VA, Stover SM, Gibeling JC, Griffin LV (1996a) Osteonal structure in the @entity1641 third metacarpus. Bone 19, 165-71) and reported superiority of this modified method in correlating with 'tension' and 'compression' cortices of both @entity831 proximal femoral diaphyses and diaphyses of other non-anthropoid bones that are loaded in habitual bending (Skedros et al. 2009, 2011). In these studies, the 'tension' and 'compression' cortices differed significantly in predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO) based on weighted-mean gray levels (CFO/WMGLs) in @entity6734 images. In @entity831 femora, however, some osteons were difficult to score with the 6-point method; namely, 'hybrids' with peripherally bright 'hoops' and variability in alternating rings within the osteon wall. We hypothesized that some of these hybrids would be more prevalent in regions subject to torsion than bending. In this perspective the present study was aimed at expanding our 6-point scoring method (S-6-MTS) into two 12-point methods with six additional morphotypes that considered these hybrids. Three- and 4-point methods were also evaluated. We hypothesized that at least one of these other methods would out-perform the S-6-MTS in terms of accuracy, reliability, and interpreting torsion vs. bending load histories. Osteon morphotypes were quantified in @entity6734 images from transverse sections of eight adult @entity831 femora (neck, proximal diaphysis, mid-diaphysis), where the mid-diaphysis and base- and mid-neck locations have relatively more complex loading (e.g. torsion + bending) than the proximal diaphysis, where bending predominates. Correlation coefficients between CFO/WMGL and MTSs showed that the S-6-MTS method was either stronger or equivalent to the 12-point methods, and typically stronger than the 3- and 4-point methods for all load environments. In nearly all instances the S-6-MTS is more reliable and accurate when it is applied to cases where interpreting load history requires distinguishing habitual bending from torsion. Consequently, in studies of osteonal adaptations for these load histories the 3- and 4-point methods are not stronger correlates, and the extra time required to assign additional scores in the 12-point methods is both unnecessary and can be highly unreliable.

title: Analysis of osteon morphotype scoring schemes for interpreting load history: evaluation in the XXXX femur.

entities_list: @entity6734 :: ('MESH:C538282', 'Disease') :: ['circularly polarized ight', 'CPL']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzee']


abstract: From January 1978 to December 1989, 48 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity513 (AUPBD) at the Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. Among these 48 @entity1 , 13 (28.1%) were @entity1 under 13 years of age. Four of these @entity1 had acute @entity788 . The clinical, radiological, and surgical features of these @entity1 are presented. The chief presenting complaint was @entity158 in all cases; three @entity1 had recurrent episodes of @entity158 and had been diagnosed as having autotoxicosis. AUPBD was clearly demonstrated in all @entity1 , three by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and one by operative cholangiography. At operation, macroscopic evidence of @entity788 was recognized in all cases. In one case, roentogenolucent pancreaticolithiases were seen on ERCP. We consider AUPBD as an important cause of @entity788 in @entity1 and advocate ERCP in @entity1 who are suspected having biliary tract or @entity660 . The diagnosis of AUPBD should be considered when @entity1 with @entity490 and elevated serum or urinary amylase levels are evaluated.

title: XXXX and @entity513 in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: From January 1978 to December 1989, 48 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity513 (AUPBD) at the Second Department of Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital and its affiliated hospitals. Among these 48 @entity1 , 13 (28.1%) were @entity1 under 13 years of age. Four of these @entity1 had acute @entity788 . The clinical, radiological, and surgical features of these @entity1 are presented. The chief presenting complaint was @entity158 in all cases; three @entity1 had recurrent episodes of @entity158 and had been diagnosed as having autotoxicosis. AUPBD was clearly demonstrated in all @entity1 , three by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and one by operative cholangiography. At operation, macroscopic evidence of @entity788 was recognized in all cases. In one case, roentogenolucent pancreaticolithiases were seen on ERCP. We consider AUPBD as an important cause of @entity788 in @entity1 and advocate ERCP in @entity1 who are suspected having biliary tract or @entity660 . The diagnosis of AUPBD should be considered when @entity1 with @entity490 and elevated serum or urinary amylase levels are evaluated.

title: @entity788 and XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system']


abstract: Almost all @entity1 with type I and many with @entity2175 develop @entity989 . This entity consists of two components: new blood vessels on the optic disc (NVD), which frequently lead to @entity227 , and new blood vessels elsewhere on the retina (NVE), which do not pose such a serious threat to vision. This study examined determinants of neovascularization specifically on the optic disc in eyes with @entity989 . The study eyes were under surveillance as the untreated control eyes of @entity1 in the @entity6 Study. During the 5-year follow-up period, NVE developed in almost all of the eyes, whereas the cumulative incidence of NVD in these same eyes was 64% and varied according to several factors. The risk of NVD in a study eye was increased if the contralateral treated eye had NVD rather than NVE or @entity989 (odds ratio [OR], 6.1; P < .0001). It was also increased if the study eye had, at the baseline examination, soft exudates and @entity854 (OR, 5.7; P = .002) or soft exudates alone (OR, 4.0; P = .04). @entity8 and poor glycemic control were each associated with a two-fold increase in risk but neither was statistically significant. Eyes of individuals over 40 years of age were protected from the development of NVD (OR, 0.5; P < .05). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 with @entity6 , the development of NVD is determined by different factors than the development of NVE.

title: Different determinants of neovascularization on the optic disc and on the retina in @entity1 with severe nonproliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraretinal microvascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['severe nonproliferative retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: Almost all @entity1 with type I and many with @entity2175 develop @entity989 . This entity consists of two components: new blood vessels on the optic disc (NVD), which frequently lead to @entity227 , and new blood vessels elsewhere on the retina (NVE), which do not pose such a serious threat to vision. This study examined determinants of neovascularization specifically on the optic disc in eyes with @entity989 . The study eyes were under surveillance as the untreated control eyes of @entity1 in the @entity6 Study. During the 5-year follow-up period, NVE developed in almost all of the eyes, whereas the cumulative incidence of NVD in these same eyes was 64% and varied according to several factors. The risk of NVD in a study eye was increased if the contralateral treated eye had NVD rather than NVE or @entity989 (odds ratio [OR], 6.1; P < .0001). It was also increased if the study eye had, at the baseline examination, soft exudates and @entity854 (OR, 5.7; P = .002) or soft exudates alone (OR, 4.0; P = .04). @entity8 and poor glycemic control were each associated with a two-fold increase in risk but neither was statistically significant. Eyes of individuals over 40 years of age were protected from the development of NVD (OR, 0.5; P < .05). The findings of this study support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 with @entity6 , the development of NVD is determined by different factors than the development of NVE.

title: Different determinants of neovascularization on the optic disc and on the retina in XXXX with severe nonproliferative @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']