abstract: Quality of voice after treatment for @entity16823 @entity957 was studied in two matched groups of males treated either with @entity515 laser cordectomi (n = 18, mean age 65.2 years) or with full dose radiotherapy (n = 18, mean age 65.1 years). All @entity1 had histologically verified @entity957 . Fifteen male @entity1 (mean age 63.9 years) without @entity74 were used as controls. Voice recordings prior to treatment, and both at 3 months and at 2 years after completed treatment were analyzed. Acoustic measures of shimmer, jitter, breathiness, harmonic-to-noise ratio and fundamental frequency (F0) average were calculated with the Soundscope program. Two plain measures were also used: time required to read a running speech voice sample, and number of breaths. Perceptual voice analysis was performed blindly by two groups of listeners, Group A (4 experienced listeners) and Group B (4 naive listeners). Group A estimated quality of voice according to a modified GRBAS score, whereas Group B estimated Grade only. We found voice quality both at 3 months and at 2 years after radiotherapy to be significantly better than after laser treatment, as assessed by the acoustic variables breathiness, jitter, F0 average, running speech voice sample reading time and number of breaths. The perceptual variables Grade (Group A and B), Breathiness, Asthenia and Strain were also significantly better after radiotherapy.

title: Voice evaluation before and after laser excision vs. radiotherapy of XXXX glottic carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['invasive squamous cell carcinoma', 'glottic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal disorders']

answer: @entity16823 :: (c|SUB|T|1|A,DNAMutation) :: ['T1A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite the high frequency of @entity764 secondary to traffic related accidents, the blunt @entity7086 is extremely rare. METHOD: Case report and review of the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. RESULT: A 38 year old female @entity1 , victim of car accident was admitted. On primary survey the @entity1 was conscious, cooperative and hemodynamic and respiratory stable. On secondary survey was found a bilateral open leg @entity174 and a seat belt sign. Whole body Computed Tomography revealed minimal haemorrhagic contusion of the cortex, @entity2004 and @entity5229 , bilateral @entity174 , @entity409 , left @entity2249 and @entity174 to the lumbar spinal column. After bilateral pleurostomy, the @entity1 becomes hemodynamically unstable, but with no signs of external @entity548 . The transthoracic echocardiography revealed an acute severe @entity997 with @entity99 . After orthopaedic surgeries, the tricuspid valve @entity397 was managed by replacing the valve with a bioprostheses. The hospital stay was 122 days. CONCLUSION: Only a high index of suspicion may reveal @entity299 as a cause for @entity1344 in acute setting.

title: Traumatic Tricuspid Valve Rupture after Blunt XXXX - A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve rupture']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['right pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver contusion']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['blunt cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity2004 :: ('MESH:D006468', 'Disease') :: ['left hemopneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic veins reflux']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['Chest Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Torsion is an uncommon @entity74 are one of the rarest causes of @entity3314 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of an @entity45 presenting with both @entity3314 and @entity417 . CASE PRESENTATION: We herein present a case report of a 41 year old indian female @entity1 who presented with @entity417 (hemoglobin concentration 6.5 g/dL) and intermittent @entity490 caused by torsion of a @entity548 . A computed tomography scan, showed an @entity45 with free fluid in the abdominal cavity. At abdominal exploration, 1.5 L of hemorrhagic fluid was confirmed in the abdominal cavity. The cyst and twisted omentum were removed en bloc. The @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on day 8. At her 2-month follow-up, she was no longer anemic (hemoglobin concentration 10.7 g/dL). CONCLUSION: Cases of @entity417 associated with @entity3314 have been reported in @entity1 ; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such a presentation in an adult. In such @entity1 , surgical removal is the treatment of choice. @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 and @entity417 must be assessed carefully and their differential diagnosis should include @entity3314 . Appropriate diagnosis and treatment help avoid complications.

title: XXXX as One of Presenting Symptoms in an Adult with Cyst and Torsion of the Omentum - A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic omental cyst']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['omental cyst']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the omentum and cysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3314 :: ('MESH:D015436', 'Disease') :: ['omental torsion']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To retrospectively analyze the early and the midterm results of endovascular management of @entity3885 with the kissing stent technique. METHODS: From January 2005 to September 2012, 229 consecutive endovascular interventions for @entity3885 were performed; data from all the interventions were prospectively collected in a dedicated database. In 41 @entity1 , the kissing stent technique at the level of aortic bifurcation was performed (group 1), whereas in the remaining 188 it was not (group 2). Perioperative results were compared with chi-squared test. Follow-up results were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with log-rank test. RESULTS: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II C and D lesions were present in 66% of @entity1 in group 1 and in 28.5% in group 2 (P  <  0.001), whereas @entity432 rather than stenosis was detected in 78% of @entity1 in group 1 and in 50% in group 2 (P  =  0.001). The mean number of placed stents was 2.5 in group 1 and 1.4 in group 2 (P  <  0.001). Technical success was 100% in group 1 and 98% in group 2 (P  =  0.3). The rate of perioperative complications was 7.3% in group 1 and 4.2% in group 2 (P  =  0.4). At 30  days, neither deaths nor major @entity65 occurred. There was no @entity715 or significant restenosis at the early postoperative follow-up visit. Mean duration of follow-up was 22  months. Primary patency rates at 4  years were 70.5% (standard error [SE], 0.09) in group 1 and 75.5% (SE, 0.06) in group 2 (P  =  0.7). At the same interval, assisted primary and secondary patency and survival rates were also similar; reintervention rates were 15.5% in group 1 (SE, 0.1) and 19.5% in group 2 (SE, 0.06; P  =  0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The kissing stent technique provided satisfactory results in @entity1 with obstructive @entity66 , without an increase in immediate and @entity532 , representing an effective solution in complex anatomies.

title: Early and Midterm Results of Kissing Stent Technique in the Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac diseases']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['midterm complications']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['iliac occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['Aortoiliac Obstructive Disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular ingestion of @entity2951 -containing food that is easily available in everyday life on the latency of the swallowing response ( @entity71946 ). Pickled @entity26643 cabbage was selected as the food for the present study. One portion (10  g) of pickled @entity26643 cabbage provides 1.5    g of @entity2951 . @entity1 ingested pickled @entity26643 cabbage (10  g) before every meal for 20  days (days 1-20). @entity71946 was measured pre-intervention (day 0) and post-intervention (day 21). The @entity1 then followed their regular diet, without foods containing red pepper, from day 21 to day 27, and @entity71946 was measured on day 28 (follow-up @entity71946 ). Sixteen elderly @entity1 (two male, 14 female; age 81.6      9.39  years) and 10 young @entity1 (all female; age 21.6      0.52  years) participated in the study. The pre-intervention @entity71946 was 2.04      1.60  s in elderly @entity1 and 1.27      0.27  s in young @entity1 . In the elderly group, the post-intervention @entity71946 (day 21) was 1.47      1.05   the follow-up @entity71946 (day 28) was 1.99      1.80  s (p  =  0.044 and 0.502, respectively, compared to pre-intervention). In the young group, the post-intervention and follow-up @entity71946 values were 1.07      0.20  s and 1.04      0.10  s, respectively (p  =  0.016 and 0.038, respectively, compared to pre-intervention). Swallowing function was improved by pickled @entity26643 cabbage containing @entity2951 , but @entity2951 supplementation may need to be maintained to have an ongoing effect.

title: The Effect of XXXX -Containing Food on the Swallowing Response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['Capsaicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of mid-treatment parotid gland shrinkage on long term @entity2133 during IMRT for oropharyngeal SCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All @entity1 treated with IMRT at a single Institution from November 2007 to June 2010 and undergoing weekly CT scans were selected. Parotid glands were contoured retrospectively on the mid treatment CT scan. For each parotid gland, the percent change relative to the planning volume was calculated and combined as weighted average. @entity1 were considered to be xerostomic if developed GR2+ dry mouth according to CTCAE v3.0. Predictors of the time to @entity2133 resolution or downgrade to 1 were investigated at both uni- and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 85 @entity1 were selected. With a median follow up of 35.8 months (range: 2.4-62.6 months), the actuarial rate of @entity2133 is 26.2% (SD: 5.3%) and 15.9% (SD: 5.3%) at 2 and 3 yrs, respectively. At multivariate analysis, mid-treatment shrink along with weighted average mean parotid dose at planning and body mass index are independent predictors of the time to @entity2133 resolution. @entity1 were pooled in 4 groups based on median values of both mid-treatment shrink (cut-off: 19.6%) and mean WA parotid @entity16091 (cut-off: 35.7 Gy). @entity1 with a higher than median parotid dose at planning and who showed poor shrinkage at mid treatment are the ones with the outcome significantly worse (3-yr rate of @entity2133         50%) than the other three subgroups (3-yr rate of @entity2133         10%). CONCLUSION: For a given planned dose, @entity1 whose parotids significantly shrink during IMRT are less likely to be long-term supplemental fluids dependent.

title: Parotid gland shrinkage during IMRT predicts the time to XXXX resolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['Xerostomia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4053 for religious or lifestyle reasons poses a challenge to @entity1 who have undergone bariatric surgery. A total fast (abstaining from all forms of nourishment including liquids) during long summer days puts these @entity1 at risk of dehydration and poor calorie and nutrient intake. METHODS: We undertook telephone surveys of 24-h food recall, hunger and satiety scores, medication use, adverse symptoms and @entity308 scores on a fasting day in Ramadan and a non-fasting day subsequently. RESULTS: We studied 207 @entity1 (166 @entity1 ) who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. The mean (standard error) age was 35.2 (0.7)   years. @entity1 and @entity1 consumed 20.4  % (P   =   0.018) and 16.9  % (P   <   0.001) fewer calories and 44.8  % (P   <   0.001) and 32.4  % (P   <   0.001) less protein during fasting, respectively. There was no significant difference in the intake of fluids or incidence of adverse gastrointestinal, hypoglycaemic and sympathoadrenal symptoms. Of @entity1 on pharmacotherapy, 89.5  % took their prescribed medications; 86.3  % made no changes to the doses, but 80.4  % changed the timing of the medications. Both @entity1 and @entity1 reported feeling less hungry and a preference for savoury foods during Ramadan. There was no difference in @entity308 scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4053 was well tolerated in @entity1 who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy. It may be advisable to raise awareness about dietary protein intake and managing medications appropriately during fasting.

title: Obesity Surgery and Ramadan: a Prospective Analysis of Nutritional Intake, Hunger and Satiety and Adaptive Behaviours During XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Men', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depression and work impairment']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['Fasting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 have been under-represented in trials that set guidelines for the management of @entity449 . Several studies reported inferior outcomes in @entity1 compared with @entity1 after @entity439 repair (EVAR). We investigated the relationship between gender and outcomes after EVAR. METHODS: A total of 1380 consecutive @entity1 underwent elective EVAR from 1992 to 2012. Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative variables by gender were analyzed from a prospective database. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 214 @entity1 (15.5%) and 1166 @entity1 (84.5%). @entity1 were older than @entity1 at repair (77.8 vs 74.5  years, P  < .001) and had less @entity299 (P  = .005). They had shorter (19.8     12.9 vs 26.3     14.7  mm; P  < .001) more angulated aortic necks (38.8       16.1   vs 31.2       14.7  ; P  < .001) and fewer @entity1029 (P  = .002). @entity1 had more arterial reconstructions (iliac conduits, P  = .006; thrombolysis and thrombectomy, P  = .013; patch angioplasty, P  < .001; endarterectomy, P  < .001), more perioperative complications (16.9% vs 9.1%; P  = .001), and more in-hospital days (4.1 vs 3.4  days; P  = .029). Perioperative mortality was equivalent ( @entity1 : 2% vs @entity1 : 2.3%; P  = .73). Mean follow-up was 30.9  months. @entity1 and @entity1 experienced equivalent @entity439 -related deaths and overall survival. Survival curve analysis showed @entity1070 were more likely to develop in @entity1 than @entity1 (P  = .005); however, there was no difference in rates of arterial reinterventions required for each gender during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Female gender is associated with more periprocedural complications, adjunctive arterial procedures, and increased @entity1070 but does not affect long-term reinterventions or survival. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the effect of gender on outcomes. These data should be considered when selecting EVAR for @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Evolution of gender-related differences in outcomes from two decades of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multi-centre MRI studies of the brain are essential for enrolling large and diverse @entity1 cohorts, as required for the investigation of heterogeneous neurological and @entity146 . However, the multi-site comparison of standard MRI data sets that are weighted with respect to tissue parameters such as the relaxation times (T1, T2) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) may be problematic, as signal intensities and image contrasts depend on site-specific details such as the sequences used, imaging parameters, and sensitivity profiles of the radiofrequency (RF) coils. Water or gel phantoms are frequently used for long-term and/or inter-site quality assessment. However, these phantoms hardly mimic the structure, shape, size or tissue distribution of the @entity1 brain. The goals of this study were: (1) to validate the long-term stability of a @entity1 post-mortem brain phantom, performing quantitative mapping of T1, T2, and @entity2101 , and the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) over a period of 18months; (2) to acquire and analyse data for this phantom and the brain of a healthy control (HC) in a multi-centre study for MRI protocol standardization in four centres, while conducting a voxel-wise as well as whole brain grey (GM) and white matter (WM) tissue volume comparison. MTR, T2, and the quotient of @entity2101 in WM and GM were stable in the post-mortem brain with no significant changes. T1 was found to decrease from 267/236ms (GM/WM) to 234/216ms between 5 and 17weeks post embedment, stabilizing during an 18-month period following the first scan at about 215/190ms. The volumetric measures, based on T1-weighted MP- @entity5764 images obtained at all participating centres, revealed inter- and intra-centre variations in the evaluated GM and WM volumes that displayed similar trends in both the post-mortem brain as well as the HC. At a confidence level of 95%, brain regions such as the brainstem, deep GM structures as well as boundaries between GM and WM tissues were found to be less reproducible than other brain regions in all participating centres. The results demonstrate that a post-mortem brain phantom may be used as a reliable tool for multi-centre MR studies.

title: A XXXX post-mortem brain model for the standardization of multi-centre MRI studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'proton density']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Between January 1975 and January 1982, 157 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity420 of the rectosigmoid colon underwent curative surgical resection. The median follow-up was three years (range, 2.5 to 9 years). Two @entity1 were excluded from the study for staging purposes because they received preoperative radiation. The remaining @entity1 were categorized in the following stages: @entity189 in situ-3; A-14; B(1)-14; B(2)-41; B(3)-8; C(1)-1; C(2)-70; and C(3)-4. The overall local recurrence rate was 41 percent. The local recurrence according to stage was as follows: stage @entity71947 (14 percent); B(2)-15/38 (39 percent); B(3)-3/8 (38 percent); C(1)-0/1; C(2)-31/56 (55 percent); and C(3)-4/4 (100 percent). Seventeen @entity1 in stages B(2) and C(2) received postoperative irradiation. Only two @entity1 (2/17, or 12 percent) recurred locally. In this study the local recurrence rate for @entity1 undergoing curative surgical resection only was very high, especially in @entity1 with advanced stage of disease (B(2) to C(3)). There is evidence that postoperative radiotherapy could minimize the local failure rate.

title: Local recurrence in XXXX of the rectosigmoid colon after curative surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has a positive association with @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in the general population. The association between PA and @entity283 in those with poor mental health is less clear. PURPOSE: To examine the concurrent and prospective dose-response relationships between total PA ( @entity865 ) and walking only with @entity283 in @entity1 aged 50-55 years with @entity308 symptoms in 2001. METHODS: @entity1 were 1,904 @entity1 born in 1946-1951 who completed mailed surveys for the Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health in 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010, and reported @entity308 symptoms in 2001. At each time point, they reported their weekly minutes of walking, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. A summary @entity865 score was created that accounted for differences in energy expenditure among the three PA types. Mixed models were used to examine associations between @entity865 and @entity283 (short form-36 [SF-36] component and subscale scores) and between walking and @entity283 , for @entity1 who reported walking as their only PA. Analyses were conducted in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Concurrently, higher levels of @entity865 and walking were associated with better @entity283 (p<0.05). The strongest associations were found for physical functioning, vitality, and social functioning subscales. In prospective models, associations were attenuated, yet compared with @entity1 doing no @entity865 or walking, @entity1 doing "sufficient" @entity865 or walking had significantly better @entity283 over time for most SF-36 scales. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends previous work by demonstrating trends between both @entity865 and walking and @entity283 in @entity1 reporting @entity308 symptoms.

title: Physical Activity, Walking, and Quality of Life in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality of life']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has a positive association with @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in the general population. The association between PA and @entity283 in those with poor mental health is less clear. PURPOSE: To examine the concurrent and prospective dose-response relationships between total PA ( @entity865 ) and walking only with @entity283 in @entity1 aged 50-55 years with @entity308 symptoms in 2001. METHODS: @entity1 were 1,904 @entity1 born in 1946-1951 who completed mailed surveys for the Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health in 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010, and reported @entity308 symptoms in 2001. At each time point, they reported their weekly minutes of walking, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. A summary @entity865 score was created that accounted for differences in energy expenditure among the three PA types. Mixed models were used to examine associations between @entity865 and @entity283 (short form-36 [SF-36] component and subscale scores) and between walking and @entity283 , for @entity1 who reported walking as their only PA. Analyses were conducted in 2013-2014. RESULTS: Concurrently, higher levels of @entity865 and walking were associated with better @entity283 (p<0.05). The strongest associations were found for physical functioning, vitality, and social functioning subscales. In prospective models, associations were attenuated, yet compared with @entity1 doing no @entity865 or walking, @entity1 doing "sufficient" @entity865 or walking had significantly better @entity283 over time for most SF-36 scales. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends previous work by demonstrating trends between both @entity865 and walking and @entity283 in @entity1 reporting @entity308 symptoms.

title: Physical Activity, Walking, and Quality of Life in XXXX with @entity308 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk assessment of @entity1 exposure to chemicals is crucial for understanding whether such agents can cause @entity5 . The current emphasis on avoidance of animal testing has placed greater importance on in  vitro tests for the identification of genotoxicants. Selection of an appropriate in  vitro dosing regime is imperative in determining the genotoxic effects of test chemicals. Here, the issue of dosing approaches was addressed by comparing acute and chronic dosing, uniquely using low-dose experiments. Acute 24   h exposures were compared with equivalent dosing every 24   h over 5-day, fractionated treatment periods. The in  vitro micronucleus assay was used to measure clastogenicity induced by @entity10842 ( @entity10843 ) and @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) in @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell line, TK6. Quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR was used to measure mRNA level induction of DNA repair enzymes. Lowest observed genotoxic effect levels (LOGELs) for @entity10843 were obtained at 0.7     g/ml for the acute study and 1.0     g/ml for the chronic study. For acute @entity7045 dosing, a LOGEL was observed at 0.46     g/ml, yet genotoxicity was completely removed following the chronic study. Interestingly, acute @entity7045 dosing demonstrated a statistically significant decrease at 0.009     g/ml. Levels of selected DNA repair enzymes did not change significantly following doses tested. However, @entity876 deficiency (using the TK6-isogenic cell line, NH32) increased sensitivity to @entity10843 during chronic dosing, causing this LOGEL to equate to the acute treatment LOGEL. In the context of the present data for 2 alkylating agents, chronic dosing could be a valuable in  vitro supplement to acute dosing and could contribute to reduction of unnecessary in  vivo follow-up tests.

title: Acute Dosing and XXXX -Deficiency Promote Cellular Sensitivity to DNA Methylating Agents.

entities_list: @entity10842 :: ('MESH:D008741', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is the normal immune response of vascularized tissues to damage and bacterial products, for which leukocyte @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ) is critical. The effects of cell-to-cell contact seen in both leukocyte and endothelial cells include cytoskeleton rearrangement, and dynamic expression of adhesion molecules and metalloproteinases. @entity4222 induces expression of anti-apoptotic molecules, costimulatory molecules associated with antigen presentation, and pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as @entity2939 , in monocytes. However, little is known about how @entity2939 increment operates in monocytes during an inflammatory response. To understand it better, we used an in vitro model in which monocytes crossed a layer of @entity1356 stimulated @entity1 Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). After @entity4222 , monocytes were tested for the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, their phenotype ( @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity2939 expression), and @entity2939 canonical [Nuclear Factor kappa B, (NF-kB) pathway] and non-canonical [ @entity3963 , @entity3962 pathway] signal transduction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Phagocytosis and bacterial clearance were also measured. There was diminished secretion of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity310 ) and higher secretion of chemokines ( @entity687 / @entity687 and @entity2842 / @entity2842 ) in supernatant of @entity4222 monocytes. These changes were accompanied by increases in @entity2939 , @entity5750 (surfaces expression), @entity3963 , and @entity1366 phosphorylated cytoplasmic forms, without affecting NF-kB activation. It also increased bacterial clearance after @entity4222 by an O2 -independent mechanism. The data suggest that interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes fine-tunes the inflammatory response and promotes bacterial elimination.

title: Activated endothelial cells limit inflammatory response, but increase chemoattractant potential and bacterial clearance by XXXX monocytes.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'transendothelial migration']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1188 expansion starts within hours to days after transmural @entity296 . Previous echocardiographic and left ventriculographic studies demonstrated that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor therapy limits left @entity2554 , particularly in @entity1 with anterior wall @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity1002 . Forty-three @entity1 with an acute Q-wave @entity583 were randomized within 24 hours of symptom onset to intravenous enalaprilat (1 mg) or placebo. @entity1 were then given corresponding oral therapy and followed for 1 month. Predrug and 1-month gated blood pool scans were obtained in 32 @entity1 to evaluate changes in cardiac volumes and ejection fraction. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1 month to evaluate left ventricular @entity1188 expansion. Blood pressure decreased at 6 hours but returned to baseline in both groups after 1 month of therapy. The change in cardiac volumes from baseline to 1 month differed between the placebo (end-diastolic volume +16 +/- 5 ml, end-systolic volume +8 +/- 6 ml), and @entity4688 (end-diastolic volume -8 +/- 9 ml and end-systolic volume -14 +/- 7 ml) groups (p < 0.05 vs placebo). Global and @entity1188 zone ejection fractions improved significantly at 1 month in the @entity4688 group (+6 +/- 3% and 19 +/- 5%, respectively) but did not change over 1 month in the placebo group. @entity1188 and @entity1188 expansion index by magnetic resonance imaging were significantly less in those treated with @entity4688 , suggesting less @entity1188 expansion in this group. Thus, early administration of enalaprilat to @entity1 presenting with a first Q-wave @entity583 prevents @entity384 and @entity1188 expansion.

title: Effect of early XXXX therapy on left ventricular function and structure in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct', 'Infarct segment length']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: @entity1188 expansion starts within hours to days after transmural @entity296 . Previous echocardiographic and left ventriculographic studies demonstrated that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor therapy limits left @entity2554 , particularly in @entity1 with anterior wall @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity1002 . Forty-three @entity1 with an acute Q-wave @entity583 were randomized within 24 hours of symptom onset to intravenous enalaprilat (1 mg) or placebo. @entity1 were then given corresponding oral therapy and followed for 1 month. Predrug and 1-month gated blood pool scans were obtained in 32 @entity1 to evaluate changes in cardiac volumes and ejection fraction. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 1 month to evaluate left ventricular @entity1188 expansion. Blood pressure decreased at 6 hours but returned to baseline in both groups after 1 month of therapy. The change in cardiac volumes from baseline to 1 month differed between the placebo (end-diastolic volume +16 +/- 5 ml, end-systolic volume +8 +/- 6 ml), and @entity4688 (end-diastolic volume -8 +/- 9 ml and end-systolic volume -14 +/- 7 ml) groups (p < 0.05 vs placebo). Global and @entity1188 zone ejection fractions improved significantly at 1 month in the @entity4688 group (+6 +/- 3% and 19 +/- 5%, respectively) but did not change over 1 month in the placebo group. @entity1188 and @entity1188 expansion index by magnetic resonance imaging were significantly less in those treated with @entity4688 , suggesting less @entity1188 expansion in this group. Thus, early administration of enalaprilat to @entity1 presenting with a first Q-wave @entity583 prevents @entity384 and @entity1188 expansion.

title: Effect of early @entity4688 therapy on left ventricular function and structure in XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The usual morphology for paced events originating from the right ventricle has a @entity714 (BBB) pattern. However, in a few @entity1 , right BBB configurations are identified. It is important to differentiate safe right BBB patterns from those caused by septal or free wall perforation. Paced electrocardiograms were examined in 179 consecutive @entity1 who underwent pacemaker placement. Fourteen @entity1 (8%) were identified with right BBB configurations. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs and echocardiograms were evaluated specifically to identify the pacing lead location in this group. In addition, 152 paced episodes from published reports were combined with our population to create an electrocardiographic algorithm differentiating right ventricular septum, right ventricular apex, coronary venous, and left ventricular pacing. Chest radiographs and echocardiographic lead locations correlated perfectly in the 11 @entity1 available for echocardiograms. With use of a left superior @entity2270 and precordial transition by lead V3, right ventricular right BBB morphologies were correctly detected in 18 of 21 @entity1 (86% sensitivity, 99% specificity) and appropriately separated from left ventricular pacing in 18 of 19 @entity1 (95% positive predictive value). Therefore, 12-lead electrocardiograms are a rapid, reliable means of separating right and left ventricular right BBB pacing morphologies. Prudent use of these criteria will help eliminate unnecessary echocardiography, anticoagulation, and lead revision.

title: Incidence and electrocardiographic localization of safe XXXX during permanent ventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['right bundle branch block configurations']


abstract: The Scandinavian @entity3413 Survival Study (4S) was designed to evaluate the effects of @entity165 reduction with @entity3413 on mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). A total of 4,444 @entity1 with @entity951 or previous @entity583 and serum @entity165 levels of 213-310 mg/dl (5.5-8.0 mmol/liter) while treated with a lipid-lowering diet were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with @entity3413 or placebo. Over the 5.4 years of median follow-up, @entity3413 produced changes in total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 of -25%, -35%, and +8%, respectively, with minimal adverse effects. A total of 256 @entity1 (12%) in the placebo group died compared with 182 (8%) in the @entity3413 group, a risk reduction of 30% (p = 0.0003) attributable to a 42% reduction in the risk of @entity204 . Noncardiovascular causes accounted for 49 and 46 deaths in the placebo and @entity3413 groups, respectively. Major coronary events were experienced by 622 @entity1 (28%) in the placebo group and 431 @entity1 (19%) in the @entity3413 group, corresponding to a risk reduction of 34% (p < 0.00001). This risk was also significantly reduced in subgroups consisting of @entity1 and @entity1 of both sexes aged > or = 60 years. Other benefits of treatment included a 37% reduction (p < 0.00001) in the risk of undergoing myocardial revascularization procedures. @entity3413 was beneficial regardless of whether @entity1 had a history of @entity583 or whether they were smokers or had @entity101 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reducing the risk of coronary events: evidence from the Scandinavian XXXX Survival Study (4S).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['coronary death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of single-agent i.v. weekly @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, in @entity1 who had received no prior treatment for locally advanced or metastatic @entity0 . Of 68 @entity1 entered into the study, 63 were adequate inclusions, assessable for @entity137 and response by WHO criteria; the 5 @entity1 who were not evaluated were excluded from analysis because they were found not to meet the eligibility criteria of the study. @entity1206 was given as a weekly 30 mg/m2 short i.v. (20 minutes) infusion; treatment was continued until disease progression. The overall response rate was 44% (complete response 8%, partial response 36%). The response rate according to target was lymph nodes, 62.9%; liver, 50.0%; lung, 50.0%; skin, 37.5%; and @entity5 , 30.8%. The median duration of response was 17.9 weeks (range: 7-52 weeks). The median time to treatment failure was 12.9 weeks, and the median survival was 50.3 weeks. The 63 eligible @entity1 received 501 cycles. The mean dose intensity was 76%. At least one episode of WHO grade 3/4 @entity3028 was seen in 46% of the @entity1 (13.6% of cycles). Significant @entity390 / @entity391 was seen in only 5% of @entity1 corresponding to 1% of cycles. Only 5% of @entity1 developed WHO grade 3-4 constipation and grade 3 @entity1897 was observed in 1.6% of @entity1 . Alopecia was rare (6.3% of @entity1 ), and other side effects were uncommon. This study confirms that @entity1206 has major single-agent antitumor activity as frontline therapy in advanced @entity0 . Given its excellent tolerance profile and low morbidity, it should be recommended for inclusion in first-line combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: Phase II trial of weekly i.v. @entity1206 as a single agent in first-line advanced XXXX chemotherapy. The Latin-American experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of single-agent i.v. weekly @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ), a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid, in @entity1 who had received no prior treatment for locally advanced or metastatic @entity0 . Of 68 @entity1 entered into the study, 63 were adequate inclusions, assessable for @entity137 and response by WHO criteria; the 5 @entity1 who were not evaluated were excluded from analysis because they were found not to meet the eligibility criteria of the study. @entity1206 was given as a weekly 30 mg/m2 short i.v. (20 minutes) infusion; treatment was continued until disease progression. The overall response rate was 44% (complete response 8%, partial response 36%). The response rate according to target was lymph nodes, 62.9%; liver, 50.0%; lung, 50.0%; skin, 37.5%; and @entity5 , 30.8%. The median duration of response was 17.9 weeks (range: 7-52 weeks). The median time to treatment failure was 12.9 weeks, and the median survival was 50.3 weeks. The 63 eligible @entity1 received 501 cycles. The mean dose intensity was 76%. At least one episode of WHO grade 3/4 @entity3028 was seen in 46% of the @entity1 (13.6% of cycles). Significant @entity390 / @entity391 was seen in only 5% of @entity1 corresponding to 1% of cycles. Only 5% of @entity1 developed WHO grade 3-4 constipation and grade 3 @entity1897 was observed in 1.6% of @entity1 . Alopecia was rare (6.3% of @entity1 ), and other side effects were uncommon. This study confirms that @entity1206 has major single-agent antitumor activity as frontline therapy in advanced @entity0 . Given its excellent tolerance profile and low morbidity, it should be recommended for inclusion in first-line combination chemotherapy regimens.

title: Phase II trial of weekly i.v. XXXX as a single agent in first-line advanced @entity0 chemotherapy. The Latin-American experience.

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Vein grafts become thicker as they adapt to arterial circulation, and in large measure this is the consequence of cellular @entity1373 . The kinetics of @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) and endothelial cell (EC) replication were evaluated in @entity95 jugular vein segments transplanted into the carotid arterial circulation to define the role of cell proliferation in this process, and these data were correlated with dimensional changes in grafts from 1 hour to 24 weeks after implantation. At 1 hour most of the perianastomotic endothelium was denuded, as were occasional cells in the graft away from the @entity254 . EC replication ( @entity1014 labeling index) in the center of the graft increased 400 times during the first week and produced an intact endothelial surface by 2 weeks. The EC @entity1014 index then fell progressively to quiescent pretransplant levels by the twelfth week. @entity3960 replication was maximal at 1 week after grafting and returned to near quiescent levels at 12 and 24 weeks. Graft wall thickness and cross-sectional area reached a maximum at 12 weeks and then remained constant. @entity3141 content exhibited a thirty-five-fold increase in the first 4 weeks, then did not change. Likewise, @entity3960 mass did not increase after 4 weeks. Further increase in cross-sectional wall area between 4 and 12 weeks was accounted for by accumulation of connective tissue. The final ratio of luminal radius to wall thickness decreased to a level equal to that of normal artery. Since blood pressure did not change over the period of the study, this observation supports a possible regulatory role for wall tangential stress in the modification of vein graft structure after transplantation into the arterial circulation.

title: Kinetics of vein graft XXXX : association with tangential stress.

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cell', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: 'Reality orientation training' (ROT) is a well-established therapy used with the elderly, especially those with @entity303 . It aims to improve orientation and reduce negative behaviours, e.g. @entity911 . ROT has been recommended for @entity3257 @entity1 with acquired @entity16 . However, this suggestion has not been investigated further in controlled trials. This paper describes an informal 24 h ROT programme with an @entity2730 subject (H.J.). It combined single-case experimental designs derived from behaviour therapy. Target behaviours were items of temporal orientation--current time/time of day, year, season, month and day of week. Orientation regarding the current date was not trained, and thus served as control variable for non-specific effects (e.g. spontaneous recovery). In order to improve oriented behaviour in different relevant situations outside the clinic, we chose 24 h ROT instead of formal therapeutic sessions. The @entity1 ' spouse offered 24 h ROT at home 7 days a week. This consisted of reminding the @entity1 of orientation information, e.g. the current day of the week in different situations. Furthermore, negative behaviours such as irrelevant questions were ignored. The @entity1 ' spouse was trained and supervised to carry out this task in 27 sessions each lasting 10 min. For 14 weeks supervision was provided twice a week in the clinic (i.e. 2 x 10 min). Afterwards the spouse continued to apply ROT at home without further supervision in two follow-up periods. As expected, learning was slow but reliable. Generalization of improvement to another setting was shown (home vs clinic). Stable therapeutic gains over a long follow-up period could be demonstrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reality orientation training in an XXXX : a controlled single-case study (n = 572 days).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-demented']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesic']


abstract: A case of pulmonary @entity706 is reported. A 65-year-old @entity1 had no complaint. But chest roentgenography and CT revealed an infiltrating shadow with marked airbronchogram in the left S3. TBLB revealed marked @entity2617 of the bronchial wall. Because the shadow had gradually enlarged, @entity5 was suspected and lobectomy was performed. The resected specimen showed a 60 @entity71948 30 mm greyish-yellow, @entity5 with intrapulmonary @entity3 . Microscopically, well-differentiated small @entity5 cells severely infiltrated the @entity358 , pleura and bronchial cartilage. There was no lymph node @entity3 or extrapulmonary involvement. Immunohistochemical study proved the monoclonality of the K chain. She was treated with chemotherapy postoperatively.

title: [Pulmonary XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['subepithelial lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic tumor', 'medullary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity71948 :: ('p|SUB|X|56|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['X 56 X']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is one of the most common childhood disorders and frequently seen in other conditions like @entity302 as well. The prevalence of @entity71 in the general paediatric population is estimated at 3-6% persisting into adulthood in up to one third of @entity1 affected. The prevalence of @entity71 in @entity302 is understood to be significantly higher. Approximately one third of @entity1 with @entity302 do also have a diagnosis of @entity71 . How these attention problems develop over the years is however not clear. We therefore evaluated the severity of attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 at late childhood and assessed it again in adolescence. Data was being compared with attention problems of @entity1 with developmental @entity71 . METHOD: 16 @entity1 with diagnosed combined @entity3762 / @entity71 and 14 @entity1 with developmental @entity71 were investigated twice; at a mean age of 10.94 (SD  =  1.63) and then again at a mean age of 15.82 (SD  =  2.0). At the baseline examination all @entity1 completed Raven's Progressive Matrices to assess intelligence. To measure symptom severity of @entity71 , parents were asked to complete the short version of the Conner's Rating Scale for Parents at both times. Parents of @entity1 with combined @entity302 / @entity71 furthermore gave information about @entity410 frequency and intake of anticonvulsants. RESULTS: @entity1 groups did not significantly differ in age and IQ. Results of the baseline examination revealed elevated scores in both @entity1 groups for the Conner's Rating Scales; @entity71 group: M  =  16.86 (SD  =  5.35); @entity302 / @entity71 group: M  =  14.77 (SD  =  4.76) but no differences between the groups (p  =  .29; z  =  .39). Qualitatively, @entity1 with developmental @entity71 showed @entity854 in the area of @entity2915 / @entity23 while @entity1 with @entity302 / @entity71 had more problems with inattention. Results of the follow-up examination showed a significant @entity304 in the @entity71 group of minus 4.23 points; M  =  12.63 (SD  =  3.89) (p  =  .02); The reduction in the @entity302 / @entity71 group was even bigger with minus 6.77 points; M  =  8.00 (SD  =  6.46) (p  =  .03). However, difference between the two groups reached no significance (p  =  .079; z  =  1.19). None of the @entity1 with @entity302 has had @entity410 in the meantime. CONCLUSION: We found a significant reduction of @entity71 symptoms in our @entity1 from the time of late childhood to adolescence. That symptoms of @entity71 , especially @entity2915 , lessen with age is known from the literature (Biedermann et  al., 2010). We found the same data for @entity1 with @entity3762 and @entity71 . Over the same period of time problems of attention improved substantially. We conclude that development and brain maturation may have a similar positive effect on attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 than in developmental @entity71 .

title: Attention problems in @entity1 with XXXX . How is the long-term outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['more abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is one of the most common childhood disorders and frequently seen in other conditions like @entity302 as well. The prevalence of @entity71 in the general paediatric population is estimated at 3-6% persisting into adulthood in up to one third of @entity1 affected. The prevalence of @entity71 in @entity302 is understood to be significantly higher. Approximately one third of @entity1 with @entity302 do also have a diagnosis of @entity71 . How these attention problems develop over the years is however not clear. We therefore evaluated the severity of attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 at late childhood and assessed it again in adolescence. Data was being compared with attention problems of @entity1 with developmental @entity71 . METHOD: 16 @entity1 with diagnosed combined @entity3762 / @entity71 and 14 @entity1 with developmental @entity71 were investigated twice; at a mean age of 10.94 (SD  =  1.63) and then again at a mean age of 15.82 (SD  =  2.0). At the baseline examination all @entity1 completed Raven's Progressive Matrices to assess intelligence. To measure symptom severity of @entity71 , parents were asked to complete the short version of the Conner's Rating Scale for Parents at both times. Parents of @entity1 with combined @entity302 / @entity71 furthermore gave information about @entity410 frequency and intake of anticonvulsants. RESULTS: @entity1 groups did not significantly differ in age and IQ. Results of the baseline examination revealed elevated scores in both @entity1 groups for the Conner's Rating Scales; @entity71 group: M  =  16.86 (SD  =  5.35); @entity302 / @entity71 group: M  =  14.77 (SD  =  4.76) but no differences between the groups (p  =  .29; z  =  .39). Qualitatively, @entity1 with developmental @entity71 showed @entity854 in the area of @entity2915 / @entity23 while @entity1 with @entity302 / @entity71 had more problems with inattention. Results of the follow-up examination showed a significant @entity304 in the @entity71 group of minus 4.23 points; M  =  12.63 (SD  =  3.89) (p  =  .02); The reduction in the @entity302 / @entity71 group was even bigger with minus 6.77 points; M  =  8.00 (SD  =  6.46) (p  =  .03). However, difference between the two groups reached no significance (p  =  .079; z  =  1.19). None of the @entity1 with @entity302 has had @entity410 in the meantime. CONCLUSION: We found a significant reduction of @entity71 symptoms in our @entity1 from the time of late childhood to adolescence. That symptoms of @entity71 , especially @entity2915 , lessen with age is known from the literature (Biedermann et  al., 2010). We found the same data for @entity1 with @entity3762 and @entity71 . Over the same period of time problems of attention improved substantially. We conclude that development and brain maturation may have a similar positive effect on attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 than in developmental @entity71 .

title: Attention problems in XXXX with @entity302 . How is the long-term outcome?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ecallantide is a @entity1 plasma kallikrein inhibitor indicated for treatment of acute attacks of @entity1659 for @entity1 12 years of age and older. Ecallantide is produced in @entity10056 @entity375 cells by recombinant DNA technology. Use of ecallantide has been associated with a risk of @entity56 , including @entity2021 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this detailed retrospective data review was to characterize @entity2021 cases within the ecallantide clinical trials database. METHODS: Potential cases of @entity56 in the ecallantide clinical development program were identified by examining reported adverse events. The National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria were used to identify those events that were consistent with @entity2021 ; these cases were then reviewed in detail. Results from investigational antibody testing also were examined. RESULTS: Among @entity1 who received subcutaneous ecallantide (n  = 230 @entity1 ; 1045 doses of 30 mg ecallantide), 8 @entity1 (3.5%) had reactions that met the National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria for @entity2021 ; none occurred on first exposure to the drug. All 8 reactions had symptom onset within 1 hour of exposure and cutaneous manifestations commonly observed in @entity56 . All the reactions responded to standard management of @entity56 and resolved without fatal outcomes. IgE antibody testing to ecallantide or @entity10056 was not consistently positive in @entity1 who experienced apparent @entity56 . CONCLUSION: @entity2021 episodes after subcutaneous ecallantide exposure have clinical features suggestive of @entity56 . However, anti-ecallantide or anti-P pastoris IgE antibody status was not found to be reliably associated with @entity2021 .

title: Characterization of XXXX After Ecallantide Treatment of @entity1659 Attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P pastoris']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type I hypersensitivity reactions', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Disease']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['Anaphylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ecallantide is a @entity1 plasma kallikrein inhibitor indicated for treatment of acute attacks of @entity1659 for @entity1 12 years of age and older. Ecallantide is produced in @entity10056 @entity375 cells by recombinant DNA technology. Use of ecallantide has been associated with a risk of @entity56 , including @entity2021 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this detailed retrospective data review was to characterize @entity2021 cases within the ecallantide clinical trials database. METHODS: Potential cases of @entity56 in the ecallantide clinical development program were identified by examining reported adverse events. The National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria were used to identify those events that were consistent with @entity2021 ; these cases were then reviewed in detail. Results from investigational antibody testing also were examined. RESULTS: Among @entity1 who received subcutaneous ecallantide (n  = 230 @entity1 ; 1045 doses of 30 mg ecallantide), 8 @entity1 (3.5%) had reactions that met the National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria for @entity2021 ; none occurred on first exposure to the drug. All 8 reactions had symptom onset within 1 hour of exposure and cutaneous manifestations commonly observed in @entity56 . All the reactions responded to standard management of @entity56 and resolved without fatal outcomes. IgE antibody testing to ecallantide or @entity10056 was not consistently positive in @entity1 who experienced apparent @entity56 . CONCLUSION: @entity2021 episodes after subcutaneous ecallantide exposure have clinical features suggestive of @entity56 . However, anti-ecallantide or anti-P pastoris IgE antibody status was not found to be reliably associated with @entity2021 .

title: Characterization of @entity2021 After Ecallantide Treatment of XXXX Attacks.

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Angioedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended for individuals with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, the appropriate screening interval has not yet been determined. The aim of this randomized trial was to compare a 3-year with a 6-year screening interval. @entity1 AND METHODS: Individuals between ages 45 and 65 years with one first-degree relative with @entity14 age < 50 years or two first-degree relatives with @entity14 were selected. @entity1 with zero to two @entity652 at baseline were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group A (colonoscopy at 6 years) or group B (colonoscopy at 3 and 6 years). The primary outcome measure was @entity6523 ( @entity6523 ). Risk factors studied included sex, age, type of family history, and baseline endoscopic findings. RESULTS: A total of 528 @entity1 were randomly assigned (group A, n = 262; group B, n = 266). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant difference in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity6523 at the first follow-up examination at 6 years in group A (6.9%) versus 3 years in group B (3.5%). Also, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity6523 at the final follow-up examination at 6 years in group A (6.9%) versus 6 years in group B (3.4%) was not significantly different. Only @entity6523 at baseline was a significant predictor for the presence of @entity6523 at first follow-up. After correction for the difference in @entity6523 at baseline, differences between the groups in the rate of @entity6523 at first follow-up and at the final examination were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In view of the relatively low rate of @entity6523 at 6 years and the absence of @entity14 in group A, we consider a 6-year surveillance interval appropriate. A surveillance interval of 3 years might be considered in @entity1 with @entity6523 and @entity1 with >=  three @entity652 .

title: Randomized Comparison of Surveillance Intervals in Familial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['AAPs', 'advanced adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['familial colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria are important parasitic @entity2199 of vegetable and ornamental crops. Microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test commercial formulations of the biocontrol agent Pasteuria penetrans for control of M. incognita on @entity523 and @entity9688 and M. arenaria on snapdragon. Three methods of application for P. penetrans were assessed including seed, transplant, and post-plant treatments. Efficacy in controlling galling and reproduction of the two root-knot @entity2199 species was evaluated. Seed treatment application was assessed only for M. incognita on @entity9688 . Pasteuria treatment rates of a granular transplant formulation ranged from 1.5 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) to 3 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) of transplant mix applied at seeding. Additional applications of 1.5 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) of soil were applied as a liquid formulation to soil post-transplant for both greenhouse and microplot trials. In greenhouse @entity9688 trials, all Pasteuria treatments were equivalent to steamed soil for reducing M. incognita populations in roots and soil, and reducing @entity2199 reproduction and galling. In @entity9688 microplot trials there were no differences among treatments for M. incognita populations in roots or soil, eggs/g root, or root condition ratings. @entity2199 reproduction on @entity9688 was low with @entity34731 and with the seed treatment plus post-plant application of Pasteuria, which had the lowest @entity2199 reproduction. However, galling for all Pasteuria treatments was higher than galling with Telone II. Root-knot @entity2199 control with Pasteuria in greenhouse and microplot trials varied on @entity523 and snapdragon. Positive results were achieved for control of M. incognita with the seed treatment application on @entity9688 .

title: Pasteuria penetrans for Control of Meloidogyne incognita on XXXX and @entity9688 , and M. arenaria on Snapdragon.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'Nematode']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne arenaria are important parasitic @entity2199 of vegetable and ornamental crops. Microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test commercial formulations of the biocontrol agent Pasteuria penetrans for control of M. incognita on @entity523 and @entity9688 and M. arenaria on snapdragon. Three methods of application for P. penetrans were assessed including seed, transplant, and post-plant treatments. Efficacy in controlling galling and reproduction of the two root-knot @entity2199 species was evaluated. Seed treatment application was assessed only for M. incognita on @entity9688 . Pasteuria treatment rates of a granular transplant formulation ranged from 1.5 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) to 3 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) of transplant mix applied at seeding. Additional applications of 1.5 * 10(5) endospores/cm(3) of soil were applied as a liquid formulation to soil post-transplant for both greenhouse and microplot trials. In greenhouse @entity9688 trials, all Pasteuria treatments were equivalent to steamed soil for reducing M. incognita populations in roots and soil, and reducing @entity2199 reproduction and galling. In @entity9688 microplot trials there were no differences among treatments for M. incognita populations in roots or soil, eggs/g root, or root condition ratings. @entity2199 reproduction on @entity9688 was low with @entity34731 and with the seed treatment plus post-plant application of Pasteuria, which had the lowest @entity2199 reproduction. However, galling for all Pasteuria treatments was higher than galling with Telone II. Root-knot @entity2199 control with Pasteuria in greenhouse and microplot trials varied on @entity523 and snapdragon. Positive results were achieved for control of M. incognita with the seed treatment application on @entity9688 .

title: Pasteuria penetrans for Control of Meloidogyne incognita on @entity523 and XXXX , and M. arenaria on Snapdragon.

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['Cucumber']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Real-world prescription pathways leading to triple therapy (TT) (inhaled corticosteroid [ICS] plus long-acting b2-agonist bronchodilator [LABA] plus long-acting muscarinic antagonist) differ from Global initiative for @entity1030 [GOLD] and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence treatment recommendations. This study sets out to identify @entity1030 @entity1 without @entity565 receiving TT, and determine the pathways taken from diagnosis to the first prescription of TT. METHODS: This was a historical analysis of @entity1030 @entity1 without @entity565 from the Optimum @entity1 Care Research Database (387 primary-care practices across the UK) from 2002 to 2010. @entity1 disease severity was classified using GOLD 2013 criteria. Data were analyzed to determine prescribing of TT before, at, and after @entity1030 diagnosis; the average time taken to receive TT; and the impact of lung function grade, modified Medical Research Council @entity1353 score, and exacerbation history on the pathway to TT. RESULTS: During the study period, 32% of @entity1 received TT. Of these, 19%, 28%, 37%, and 46% of @entity1 classified as GOLD A, B, C, and D, respectively, progressed to TT after diagnosis (P<0.001). Of all @entity1 prescribed TT, 25% were prescribed TT within 1 year of diagnosis, irrespective of GOLD classification (P=0.065). The most common prescription pathway to TT was LABA plus ICS. It was observed that exacerbation history did influence the pathway of LABA plus ICS to TT. CONCLUSION: Real life UK prescription data demonstrates the inappropriate prescribing of TT and confirms that starting @entity1 on ICS plus LABA results in the inevitable drift to overuse of TT. This study highlights the need for dissemination and implementation of @entity1030 guidelines to physicians, ensuring that @entity1 receive the recommended therapy.

title: The inevitable drift to triple therapy in XXXX : an analysis of prescribing pathways in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanical fixation of orthopaedic and dental implants is compromised by diminished bone volume, such as with @entity170 . Systemic administration of @entity71949 antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to enhance implant fixation in normal animals. In the present study, we tested whether Scl-Ab can improve implant fixation in established @entity170 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: We used an ovariectomized (ovx) @entity35 model, in which we found a 78% decrease in trabecular bone volume at the time of implant surgery; sham-ovx, age-matched @entity35 were used as controls. After placement of a @entity702 implant in the medullary cavity of the distal aspect of the femur, the @entity35 were maintained for four, eight, or twelve weeks and treated biweekly with Scl-Ab or with the delivery vehicle alone. Outcomes were measured with use of microcomputed tomography, mechanical testing, and static and dynamic histomorphometry. RESULTS: Scl-Ab treatment doubled implant fixation strength in both the sham-ovx and ovx groups, although the enhancement was delayed in the ovx group. Scl-Ab treatment also enhanced bone-implant contact; increased peri-implant trabecular thickness and volume; and increased cortical thickness. These structural changes were associated with an approximately five to sevenfold increase in the bone-formation rate and a >50% @entity308 in the eroded surface following Scl-Ab treatment. Trabecular bone thickness and bone-implant contact accounted for two-thirds of the variance in fixation strength. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of severe @entity170 , Scl-Ab treatment enhanced implant fixation by stimulating bone formation and suppressing bone resorption, leading to enhanced bone-implant contact and improved trabecular bone volume and architecture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systemic administration of anti- @entity71949 antibodies might be a useful strategy in total joint replacement when bone mass is deficient.

title: @entity71949 antibody treatment improves implant fixation in a model of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanical fixation of orthopaedic and dental implants is compromised by diminished bone volume, such as with @entity170 . Systemic administration of @entity71949 antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to enhance implant fixation in normal animals. In the present study, we tested whether Scl-Ab can improve implant fixation in established @entity170 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: We used an ovariectomized (ovx) @entity35 model, in which we found a 78% decrease in trabecular bone volume at the time of implant surgery; sham-ovx, age-matched @entity35 were used as controls. After placement of a @entity702 implant in the medullary cavity of the distal aspect of the femur, the @entity35 were maintained for four, eight, or twelve weeks and treated biweekly with Scl-Ab or with the delivery vehicle alone. Outcomes were measured with use of microcomputed tomography, mechanical testing, and static and dynamic histomorphometry. RESULTS: Scl-Ab treatment doubled implant fixation strength in both the sham-ovx and ovx groups, although the enhancement was delayed in the ovx group. Scl-Ab treatment also enhanced bone-implant contact; increased peri-implant trabecular thickness and volume; and increased cortical thickness. These structural changes were associated with an approximately five to sevenfold increase in the bone-formation rate and a >50% @entity308 in the eroded surface following Scl-Ab treatment. Trabecular bone thickness and bone-implant contact accounted for two-thirds of the variance in fixation strength. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of severe @entity170 , Scl-Ab treatment enhanced implant fixation by stimulating bone formation and suppressing bone resorption, leading to enhanced bone-implant contact and improved trabecular bone volume and architecture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systemic administration of anti- @entity71949 antibodies might be a useful strategy in total joint replacement when bone mass is deficient.

title: XXXX antibody treatment improves implant fixation in a model of severe @entity170 .

answer: @entity71949 :: (80722(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Sclerostin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: By the early 21(st) century the most common @entity5 of female genitals in Poland was @entity5 . Now @entity1204 ranks first. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence and mortality of @entity1204 among @entity1 in the Lodz region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the incidence and mortality of @entity1204 among inhabitants of the Lodz region were obtained from the National Cancer Registry and Bulletin of Cancer Cases in the Lodz region. The analysis covered ten consecutive years beginning in 2001. RESULTS: The number of new cases reported in 2010 exceeded that observed in 2001 by 181. The standardized incidence rate of @entity1204 increased by 6.3, while the standardized incidence rate of @entity5 decreased by 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: In the years 2001-2010, the incidence of @entity1204 increased by 88.3% and that of @entity5 decreased by 6.5% among inhabitants of the Lodz region. In the years 2001-2010, mortality of @entity1204 increased by 24.5% and that of @entity5 decreased by 12.6%. In 2010, the highest crude incidence rates in the Lodz region of both @entity1204 at 39.1 were recorded in the district town of Piotrk  w.

title: Endometrial and XXXX : incidence and mortality among @entity1 in the Lodz region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial and cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: By the early 21(st) century the most common @entity5 of female genitals in Poland was @entity5 . Now @entity1204 ranks first. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence and mortality of @entity1204 among @entity1 in the Lodz region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on the incidence and mortality of @entity1204 among inhabitants of the Lodz region were obtained from the National Cancer Registry and Bulletin of Cancer Cases in the Lodz region. The analysis covered ten consecutive years beginning in 2001. RESULTS: The number of new cases reported in 2010 exceeded that observed in 2001 by 181. The standardized incidence rate of @entity1204 increased by 6.3, while the standardized incidence rate of @entity5 decreased by 1.4. CONCLUSIONS: In the years 2001-2010, the incidence of @entity1204 increased by 88.3% and that of @entity5 decreased by 6.5% among inhabitants of the Lodz region. In the years 2001-2010, mortality of @entity1204 increased by 24.5% and that of @entity5 decreased by 12.6%. In 2010, the highest crude incidence rates in the Lodz region of both @entity1204 at 39.1 were recorded in the district town of Piotrk  w.

title: Endometrial and @entity5 : incidence and mortality among XXXX in the Lodz region.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity548 is one of the most striking effects of bites by viper snakes resulting in fast @entity548 and @entity63 in affected tissues. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are responsible for hemorrhagic activity, but the mechanisms involved in SVMP-induced @entity548 are not entirely understood and the study of such mechanisms greatly depends on in  vivo experiments. In  vivo, hemorrhagic SVMPs accumulate on basement membrane (BM) of venules and capillary vessels allowing the hydrolysis of collagen IV with consequent weakness and @entity397 of capillary walls. These effects are not reproducible in  vitro with conventional endothelial cell cultures. In this study we used two-dimension (2D) or three-dimension (3D) cultures of HUVECs on matrigel and observed the same characteristics as in ex  vivo experiments: only the hemorrhagic toxin was able to localize on surfaces or internalize endothelial cells in 2D cultures or in the surface of tubules formed on 3D cultures. The contribution of matrigel, fibronectin and collagen matrices in @entity71950 -induced endothelial cell damage was then analyzed. Collagen and matrigel substrates enhanced the endothelial cell damage induced by @entity71950 allowing toxin binding to focal adhesions, disruption of stress fibers, detachment and apoptosis. The higher affinity of @entity71950 to collagen than to fibronectin explains the localization of the toxin within BM. Moreover, once located in BM, interactions of @entity71950 with a2b1 integrin would favor its localization on focal adhesions, as observed in our study. The accumulation of toxin in focal adhesions, observed only in cells grown in collagen matrices, would explain the enhancement of cell damage in these matrices and reflects the actual interaction among toxin, endothelial cells and BM components that occurs in  vivo and results in the @entity548 induced by viper venoms.

title: XXXX disruption of endothelial cell anchorage is enhanced in collagen enriched matrices.

entities_list: @entity71950 :: ('MESH:C077945', 'Chemical') :: ['jararhagin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic lesions', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity71950 :: (MESH:C077945,Chemical) :: ['Jararhagin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity505 nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis. Areas covered: Anti- @entity5 drugs @entity900 and @entity632 have been delivered by CNT, as well as @entity1499 , @entity1311 and @entity136 . The delivery of the antifungal compound @entity2379 and the oral administration of @entity1307 have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as @entity1501 , epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations) have been used to allow CNT to act as gene delivery vectors. Plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and micro-RNA have all been delivered by CNT vehicles. Significant concerns are raised about the nanotoxicology of the CNT and their potentially damaging effects on the environment. Expert opinion: CNT-mediated drug delivery has been studied for over a decade, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported. The future success of CNTs as vectors in vivo and in clinical application will depend on achievement of efficacious therapy with minimal adverse effects and avoidance of possible @entity137 and environmentally damaging effects.

title: XXXX nanotubes part II: a remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Thyroid morphogenesis is a complex process. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) genes play a role in hormone release, cell excitability, pH and K(+) homeostasis in many tissues. Objectives: To investigate the thyroid developmental expression of three members, @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 , in @entity19 . To postulate the K(+) channel role in thyroid hormone secretion. Material and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 in @entity19 of different stages (E13.5-E18.5). Results: mRNA for @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 were identified and increased with age in @entity19 . Both @entity44922 and @entity58477 genes are better expressed after E16.5. @entity58477 greatly increases from E13.5 to E16.5 (p  <= 0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative PCR shows that the @entity19 thyroid presents increased expression for Kir channels during development. The role of Kir in thyroid morphogenesis and differentiation might be understood in future studies. We speculate that thyroglobulin trafficking might be modulated by @entity44922 /5.1.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Molecular Insights into the Possible Role of XXXX and @entity58478 in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis.

answer: @entity44922 :: (16513(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Kir4.1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: Thyroid morphogenesis is a complex process. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) genes play a role in hormone release, cell excitability, pH and K(+) homeostasis in many tissues. Objectives: To investigate the thyroid developmental expression of three members, @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 , in @entity19 . To postulate the K(+) channel role in thyroid hormone secretion. Material and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 in @entity19 of different stages (E13.5-E18.5). Results: mRNA for @entity44922 , @entity58477 and @entity58478 were identified and increased with age in @entity19 . Both @entity44922 and @entity58477 genes are better expressed after E16.5. @entity58477 greatly increases from E13.5 to E16.5 (p  <= 0.05). Conclusion: Quantitative PCR shows that the @entity19 thyroid presents increased expression for Kir channels during development. The role of Kir in thyroid morphogenesis and differentiation might be understood in future studies. We speculate that thyroglobulin trafficking might be modulated by @entity44922 /5.1.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Molecular Insights into the Possible Role of @entity44922 and XXXX in Thyroid Hormone Biosynthesis.

answer: @entity58478 :: (16517(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Kir5.1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2803 is a frequent cause of @entity281 and morbidity after heart transplantation, especially in @entity1 treated with antilymphocytic drugs where the incidence may be as high as 50%. METHODS: To determine the efficacy of combined antiviral and intravenous immune globulin therapy for prevention of @entity2803 in transplant recipients receiving OKT3 and to compare two different antiviral drug regimens, we reviewed 115 transplant recipients from December 1988 to December 1993 who survived for more than 30 days. Of these, 29 received oral @entity1033 for 3 months (group A) and 86 received intravenous @entity4540 for 2 weeks followed by oral @entity1033 up to 3 months (group G); all received six infusions of 5% intravenous immune globulin over 2 months. All @entity1 had OKT3 for 10 to 14 days and triple-drug immunosuppression. RESULTS: @entity2803 ( @entity55 , @entity1902 , or @entity1431 with @entity221 ) occurred in 10% of @entity1 (12 of 115 @entity1 ) and was confirmed by positive culture, typical microscopic inclusions, or polymerase chain reaction. In 91 seropositive recipients, there was a trend to less @entity2803 in group G (3.0%, 2 of 67 @entity1 ) than in group A (12.5%, 3 of 24 @entity1 ) (p = 0.11), which was more apparent in recipients with seropositive donors where the incidence was reduced from 16.7% (group A) to 2.4% (group G; p = 0.08). In 24 seronegative recipients, @entity2803 incidence was higher overall and not significantly less in group G (26%, 5 of 19 @entity1 ) than in group A (40%, two of five @entity1 ) (p = Not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis with combined antiviral and immune globulin therapy produces a low (10%) incidence of @entity2803 in OKT3-treated heart transplant recipients. In seropositive recipients treated with combined therapy, @entity4540 may be more effective than @entity1033 . Larger trials and more aggressive prophylactic strategies are needed in seronegative @entity1 who receive hearts from seropositive donors.

title: Combined antiviral and immunoglobulin therapy as prophylaxis against XXXX after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus disease', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytomegalovirus disease']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is significant clinical need for viable small-diameter vascular grafts. While there are many graft biomaterials in development, few have been clinically successful. Evaluation of grafts with a clinically relevant model is needed to drive development. This work examined extracellular matrix coatings on the @entity715 phenotype of endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs). EOCs were tested on flat plates and tubular grafts. Flat plate studies examined collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin and a-elastin coatings. EOCs attached or proliferated more readily on collagen I and fibronectin surfaces as determined by total DNA. The production of @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) by EOCs was also dependent on the surface coating, with collagen I and fibronectin displaying a higher activity than both collagen IV and a-elastin on flat plate studies. Based on these results, only collagen I and fibronectin coatings were tested on expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) in the ex vivo model. Tubular samples showed significantly greater tissue factor pathway inhibitor gene expression on collagen I than on fibronectin. Platelet adhesion was not significantly different, but EOCs on collagen I produced significantly lower @entity10855 than on fibronectin, suggesting that differences exist between the flat plate and tubular cultures. Overall, while the hemostatic phenotype of EOCs displayed some differences, cell responses were largely independent of the matrix coating. EOCs adhered strongly to both fibronectin- and collagen-I-coated ePTFE grafts under ex vivo (100 ml/min) flow conditions suggesting the usefulness of this clinically relevant cell source, testing modality, and shunt model for future work examining biomaterials and cell conditioning before implantation.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX Responses of Endothelial Outgrowth Cells to Protein-Coated Surfaces.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'activated protein C']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Left atrial (LA) dimension can predict @entity955 ( @entity955 ) recurrence after catheter-based or surgical ablation. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may be a surgical option during aortic valve replacement (AVR) and/or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), though consensus regarding @entity1 selection and late outcome is lacking. METHODS: We studied 160 @entity1 (mean age 70    9 years) with @entity955 who underwent radiofrequency-based PVI during AVR and/or CABG, and were followed up postoperatively for at least 6 months. Mean preoperative LA dimension was 44    7 mm. Serial echocardiography was performed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) and LA dimensions, E/e', estimated @entity358 (PA) pressure and degree of @entity340 . Follow-up was completed with a mean duration of 47    25 months. RESULTS: At the latest follow-up, 133 @entity1 (83%) remained in sinus rhythm. Preoperative LA dimension was independently associated with increased risk of @entity955 recurrence at 6 months after surgery [adjusted odds ratio 1.3 per 1-mm increase in LA dimension, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.6, P < 0.001]. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an optimal cut-off value for preoperative LA dimension of 45 mm to predict sinus rhythm restoration (98% for <45 mm vs 55% for >= 45 mm, P < 0.001). @entity1 with LA dimension >= 45 mm had a significantly lower 5-year survival rate (62    7 vs 82    7%, P = 0.025) and freedom from adverse events defined as @entity385 / @entity548 , admission for @entity712 , catheter ablation and permanent pacemaker implantation (58    7 vs 91    4%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative LA dimension >= 45 mm was independently associated with adverse events (adjusted hazards ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.1, P = 0.019). Serial echocardiography demonstrated improvement in LV systolic function irrespective of LA dimension, whereas @entity1 with LA dimension >= 45 mm showed less improvement in LA dimension and systolic PA pressure (interaction effect P < 0.001) and persistent higher E/e' (group effect P < 0.001), along with aggravated @entity997 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 related to @entity886 and/or @entity453 , a dilated left atrium (>= 45 mm) was associated with inferior @entity955 - and event-free survival after PVI, accompanied by persistent abnormalities in cardiac and haemodynamic function. These findings may assist @entity1 selection for PVI during AVR and/or CABG.

title: Dilated left atrium as a predictor of late outcome after XXXX concomitant with aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systolic pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'paroxysmal AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inpatient mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under 5-year-old hospitalized @entity1 in the pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital for updating our data 10 years after our first study. METHODS: We analyzed the data of the @entity1 hospitalized between 1  January and 31  December 2012. For each @entity1 , we collected anthropometric measurements converted to a z-score related to World Health Organization growth data. Logistic regression-generating models built separately with different anthropometric parameters were used to assess the risk of mortality according to @entity1 's characteristics. RESULTS: Data from 393 @entity1 were included. The overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Using logistic regression, the risk factors associated with @entity204 were severe @entity5653 (odds ratio [OR]=8.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) [3.79-18], male gender (OR=2.98; 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), @entity2700 (OR=5.4; 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for-height z-score; male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the model using the height-for-age z-score; male gender (OR=2.7; 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), @entity2700 (OR=7.5; 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe deficit in the weight-for-age z-score (OR=2.4; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) in the model using the weight-for-age z-score; and male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) and @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 94% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the last model with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). @entity2700 and @entity3147 were two independent risk factors of @entity204 . The protocols addressing @entity2700 and @entity3147 management should be audited and performed systematically for each @entity1 's anthropometric measurements at admission.

title: [ @entity2700 and @entity3147 as two independent risk factors of XXXX in a Senegalese pediatric hospital.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration', 'dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inpatient mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under 5-year-old hospitalized @entity1 in the pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital for updating our data 10 years after our first study. METHODS: We analyzed the data of the @entity1 hospitalized between 1  January and 31  December 2012. For each @entity1 , we collected anthropometric measurements converted to a z-score related to World Health Organization growth data. Logistic regression-generating models built separately with different anthropometric parameters were used to assess the risk of mortality according to @entity1 's characteristics. RESULTS: Data from 393 @entity1 were included. The overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Using logistic regression, the risk factors associated with @entity204 were severe @entity5653 (odds ratio [OR]=8.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) [3.79-18], male gender (OR=2.98; 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), @entity2700 (OR=5.4; 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for-height z-score; male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the model using the height-for-age z-score; male gender (OR=2.7; 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), @entity2700 (OR=7.5; 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe deficit in the weight-for-age z-score (OR=2.4; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) in the model using the weight-for-age z-score; and male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) and @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 94% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the last model with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). @entity2700 and @entity3147 were two independent risk factors of @entity204 . The protocols addressing @entity2700 and @entity3147 management should be audited and performed systematically for each @entity1 's anthropometric measurements at admission.

title: [ XXXX and @entity3147 as two independent risk factors of @entity204 in a Senegalese pediatric hospital.]

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['Dehydration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inpatient mortality is an indicator of the quality of care. We analyzed the mortality of under 5-year-old hospitalized @entity1 in the pediatric ward of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital for updating our data 10 years after our first study. METHODS: We analyzed the data of the @entity1 hospitalized between 1  January and 31  December 2012. For each @entity1 , we collected anthropometric measurements converted to a z-score related to World Health Organization growth data. Logistic regression-generating models built separately with different anthropometric parameters were used to assess the risk of mortality according to @entity1 's characteristics. RESULTS: Data from 393 @entity1 were included. The overall mortality rate was 10% (39/393). Using logistic regression, the risk factors associated with @entity204 were severe @entity5653 (odds ratio [OR]=8.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) [3.79-18], male gender (OR=2.98; 95% CI [1.25-7.1]), @entity2700 (OR=5.4; 95% CI [2.54-13.43]) in the model using the weight-for-height z-score; male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]), @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 95% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the model using the height-for-age z-score; male gender (OR=2.7; 95% CI [1.19-6.24]), @entity2700 (OR=7.5; 95% CI [3.39-16.76]), severe deficit in the weight-for-age z-score (OR=2.4; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) in the model using the weight-for-age z-score; and male gender (OR=2.5; 95% CI [1.11-5.63]) and @entity2700 (OR=8.43; 94% CI [3.83-18.5]) in the last model with mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). @entity2700 and @entity3147 were two independent risk factors of @entity204 . The protocols addressing @entity2700 and @entity3147 management should be audited and performed systematically for each @entity1 's anthropometric measurements at admission.

title: [ @entity2700 and XXXX as two independent risk factors of @entity204 in a Senegalese pediatric hospital.]

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']