abstract: In a randomized controlled study examining the value of an intramuscular injection of @entity3303 in the prehospitalization phase of suspected @entity583 , paramedics used an automatic injector to administer 400 mg of the drug into the @entity1 's deltoid muscle before transport to the hospital. In a 33-month period, 7026 @entity1 with acute @entity662 were seen. Of the 6024 @entity1 randomized (2987 to the @entity3303 group and 3037 to the control group), 1935 (32 per cent) proved to have an @entity583 . In the entire 60-minute period of observation by continuous electrocardiography, primary @entity2224 was observed in 8 treated and 17 control @entity1 (P = 0.08). However, from 15 minutes after randomization onward, when plasma @entity3303 levels were in the therapeutic range, only 2 cases of @entity2224 occurred in the treated group, as compared with 12 in the control group (P less than 0.01). @entity1165 terminated a mean of 10 minutes after injection in six of nine @entity3303 -treated @entity1 with @entity583 but in none of five control @entity1 with @entity1188 (P less than 0.02). Mean plasma @entity3303 levels were 3 micrograms per milliliter 11 to 20 minutes after injection in 369 consecutive @entity1 . In 65 @entity1 , levels were below 2 micrograms per milliliter, and in 15 @entity1 , levels were above 6 micrograms per milliliter. Side effects were rare and did not contribute to mortality. We conclude that intramuscular @entity3303 may be useful if given by a paramedic, another @entity1 , or the @entity1 himself when @entity583 is suspected outside the hospital.

title: Intramuscular XXXX for prevention of lethal arrhythmias in the prehospitalization phase of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: In a randomized controlled study examining the value of an intramuscular injection of @entity3303 in the prehospitalization phase of suspected @entity583 , paramedics used an automatic injector to administer 400 mg of the drug into the @entity1 's deltoid muscle before transport to the hospital. In a 33-month period, 7026 @entity1 with acute @entity662 were seen. Of the 6024 @entity1 randomized (2987 to the @entity3303 group and 3037 to the control group), 1935 (32 per cent) proved to have an @entity583 . In the entire 60-minute period of observation by continuous electrocardiography, primary @entity2224 was observed in 8 treated and 17 control @entity1 (P = 0.08). However, from 15 minutes after randomization onward, when plasma @entity3303 levels were in the therapeutic range, only 2 cases of @entity2224 occurred in the treated group, as compared with 12 in the control group (P less than 0.01). @entity1165 terminated a mean of 10 minutes after injection in six of nine @entity3303 -treated @entity1 with @entity583 but in none of five control @entity1 with @entity1188 (P less than 0.02). Mean plasma @entity3303 levels were 3 micrograms per milliliter 11 to 20 minutes after injection in 369 consecutive @entity1 . In 65 @entity1 , levels were below 2 micrograms per milliliter, and in 15 @entity1 , levels were above 6 micrograms per milliliter. Side effects were rare and did not contribute to mortality. We conclude that intramuscular @entity3303 may be useful if given by a paramedic, another @entity1 , or the @entity1 himself when @entity583 is suspected outside the hospital.

title: Intramuscular @entity3303 for prevention of lethal arrhythmias in the prehospitalization phase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 found to have @entity43 at second-look laparotomy were treated with whole abdominal radiation as salvage therapy. Dosage fractions were 120 rad per day until 3000 rad were delivered, then the pelvis was boosted to 5000 rad at 180 rad per day. Fourteen @entity1 (47%) completed therapy without interruption and seven (23%) completed therapy with interruptions due to myelosuppression ranging from one to four weeks. Therapy was not completed in nine @entity1 (30%). Four of 16 @entity1 (25%) with microscopic @entity66 before radiation remain alive and free of disease at 22 to 41 months. Two of six (33%) @entity1 with minimal (less than or equal to 5 mm) @entity66 remain alive and free of disease 19 to 40 months after radiation treatment. @entity1 with residual nodules greater than 5 mm uniformly did poorly. @entity1 who progressed on primary chemotherapy had a median survival of seven months, compared with more than 38 months for chemotherapy responders. @entity102 was a significant problem, with 30% of @entity1 surviving at least four months from completion of radiation requiring laparotomy for @entity1744 . These preliminary results suggest that whole abdominal radiation may be useful in the management of @entity1 who have responded to primary chemotherapy, but the benefit is confined to those @entity1 who have minimal or microscopic disease at second-look laparotomy.

title: Whole abdominal radiation as salvage therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['residual epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic bowel morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Non-sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in the late post @entity583 ( @entity583 ) period (7-21 days) has been reported to be a predictor of @entity944 . We suspected that @entity1 with 3 beat @entity1165 on Holter monitoring in the late @entity1188 period would demonstrate electrical instability at electrophysiologic studies. Forty-seven @entity1 were identified as having at least 3 beat @entity1165 on Holter monitoring. Eighteen @entity1 refused electrophysiologic studies or were not referred by their attending physician. The mean ejection fraction of this group was 43 +/- 16%. Eight @entity1 have died, 3 sudden deaths in 13 +/- 5 months, a 17% incidence of @entity944 . Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies. Their mean ejection fraction was 37 +/- 7%, and 28 had inducible, 18 sustained @entity1165 and 10 non-sustained @entity1165 . No complications were noted with electrophysiological testing in the post @entity1188 @entity1 . Using programmed electrical stimulation studies an effective antiarrhythmic agent preventing @entity1165 induction (usually experimental) could be found for each @entity1 . After a mean follow-up of 12.5 +/- 4 months, the @entity1 without inducible @entity1165 is alive and 26 of the 28 "inducible" @entity1 are alive and well. Two @entity1 died, one of @entity64 and one due to pump failure following a second @entity583 . No sudden deaths were observed in this group. Two @entity1 had @entity943 and were treated by alternative antiarrhythmic therapy that was also effective at the initial electrophysiologic studies. Thus, PES studies post @entity583 are safe and may be an effective way to assess therapy for @entity1 in the early post @entity583 period, identified at high risk for @entity944 .

title: Therapy for late post XXXX @entity1165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Non-sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in the late post @entity583 ( @entity583 ) period (7-21 days) has been reported to be a predictor of @entity944 . We suspected that @entity1 with 3 beat @entity1165 on Holter monitoring in the late @entity1188 period would demonstrate electrical instability at electrophysiologic studies. Forty-seven @entity1 were identified as having at least 3 beat @entity1165 on Holter monitoring. Eighteen @entity1 refused electrophysiologic studies or were not referred by their attending physician. The mean ejection fraction of this group was 43 +/- 16%. Eight @entity1 have died, 3 sudden deaths in 13 +/- 5 months, a 17% incidence of @entity944 . Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies. Their mean ejection fraction was 37 +/- 7%, and 28 had inducible, 18 sustained @entity1165 and 10 non-sustained @entity1165 . No complications were noted with electrophysiological testing in the post @entity1188 @entity1 . Using programmed electrical stimulation studies an effective antiarrhythmic agent preventing @entity1165 induction (usually experimental) could be found for each @entity1 . After a mean follow-up of 12.5 +/- 4 months, the @entity1 without inducible @entity1165 is alive and 26 of the 28 "inducible" @entity1 are alive and well. Two @entity1 died, one of @entity64 and one due to pump failure following a second @entity583 . No sudden deaths were observed in this group. Two @entity1 had @entity943 and were treated by alternative antiarrhythmic therapy that was also effective at the initial electrophysiologic studies. Thus, PES studies post @entity583 are safe and may be an effective way to assess therapy for @entity1 in the early post @entity583 period, identified at high risk for @entity944 .

title: Therapy for late post @entity1188 XXXX .

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: In these studies we examined the temporal parameters of @entity53 (E2) priming required before @entity1420 (P4) amplifies the surge release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in short-term ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . Thereafter, we correlated the time of appearance and concentrations of @entity172 nuclear (E2Rn) and progestin cytosol (PRc) receptors in brain regions known to be involved in the surge release of LHRH. @entity134 receptor concentrations were also measured in the pituitary gland. 1 week after OVX (day 0), Silastic capsules containing E2 (150 micrograms/ml in oil s.c.) were placed at 09.00 h. The serum E2 concentrations produced by these capsules peaked (41 +/- 2.1 pg/ml) at 10.00 h on day 0 and declined thereafter to values which ranged between 19 and 10 pg/ml on days 1 through 4. Some of these E2-treated @entity35 also received 2 P4-containing Silastic capsules (50 mg/ml s.c. in oil) at 09.00 h on either days 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Serum P4 concentrations produced by such capsules were 9.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml. Blood was collected sequentially at 09.00 h and at hourly intervals from 12.00-18.00 h on the day that the animals received the P4 capsules and 10.00 and 15.00 h samples also were taken from each group the next day. LH surges occurred in these E2-treated @entity35 in the afternoons of days 2-4, but not on days 0 and 1. P4 treatment on day 1 elicited an LH surge and on days 2-4 it amplified plasma LH surge concentrations and advanced by 1 h the time of release of this gonadotropin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of luteinizing hormone surges with XXXX nuclear and progestin cytosol receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. II. Temporal @entity53 effects.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: In these studies we examined the temporal parameters of @entity53 (E2) priming required before @entity1420 (P4) amplifies the surge release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in short-term ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 . Thereafter, we correlated the time of appearance and concentrations of @entity172 nuclear (E2Rn) and progestin cytosol (PRc) receptors in brain regions known to be involved in the surge release of LHRH. @entity134 receptor concentrations were also measured in the pituitary gland. 1 week after OVX (day 0), Silastic capsules containing E2 (150 micrograms/ml in oil s.c.) were placed at 09.00 h. The serum E2 concentrations produced by these capsules peaked (41 +/- 2.1 pg/ml) at 10.00 h on day 0 and declined thereafter to values which ranged between 19 and 10 pg/ml on days 1 through 4. Some of these E2-treated @entity35 also received 2 P4-containing Silastic capsules (50 mg/ml s.c. in oil) at 09.00 h on either days 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Serum P4 concentrations produced by such capsules were 9.3 +/- 0.5 ng/ml. Blood was collected sequentially at 09.00 h and at hourly intervals from 12.00-18.00 h on the day that the animals received the P4 capsules and 10.00 and 15.00 h samples also were taken from each group the next day. LH surges occurred in these E2-treated @entity35 in the afternoons of days 2-4, but not on days 0 and 1. P4 treatment on day 1 elicited an LH surge and on days 2-4 it amplified plasma LH surge concentrations and advanced by 1 h the time of release of this gonadotropin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of luteinizing hormone surges with @entity172 nuclear and progestin cytosol receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. II. Temporal XXXX effects.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Increasing dosages of two potent diuretic agents (5, 10, 20 mg @entity12921 or 40, 80, 160 mg @entity1483 ) were compared in 35 @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity177 . In cases with insufficient blood pressure control, 10 mg @entity7690 was given as a second drug. Finally, @entity1 not responding to a betablocker-diuretic combination received 100 mg @entity2514 as a third drug. Both diuretics had comparable antihypertensive potency during a treatment period of up to 12 weeks. Maximal antihypertensive response was observed under 10 mg @entity12921 or 160 mg @entity1483 . However, only in 25% of our @entity1 blood pressure was normalized with diuretic monotherapy ( @entity12921 or @entity1483 ). The remaining cases needed either an additional betablocker or a combination of three different antihypertensive agents. Under these conditions a substantial proportion of our @entity1 (20%) did not reach the therapeutic goal (diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mm Hg). These results document the difficulties of @entity101 management in @entity177 . An early change to the stepped-care approach should be made in all cases with insufficient blood pressure response to potent diuretics.

title: [Diuretics and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney insufficiency: comparison of the effects of XXXX and @entity1483 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity12921 :: ('MESH:D008788', 'Chemical') :: ['metolazone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity12921 :: (MESH:D008788,Chemical) :: ['metolazone']


abstract: Increasing dosages of two potent diuretic agents (5, 10, 20 mg @entity12921 or 40, 80, 160 mg @entity1483 ) were compared in 35 @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity177 . In cases with insufficient blood pressure control, 10 mg @entity7690 was given as a second drug. Finally, @entity1 not responding to a betablocker-diuretic combination received 100 mg @entity2514 as a third drug. Both diuretics had comparable antihypertensive potency during a treatment period of up to 12 weeks. Maximal antihypertensive response was observed under 10 mg @entity12921 or 160 mg @entity1483 . However, only in 25% of our @entity1 blood pressure was normalized with diuretic monotherapy ( @entity12921 or @entity1483 ). The remaining cases needed either an additional betablocker or a combination of three different antihypertensive agents. Under these conditions a substantial proportion of our @entity1 (20%) did not reach the therapeutic goal (diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mm Hg). These results document the difficulties of @entity101 management in @entity177 . An early change to the stepped-care approach should be made in all cases with insufficient blood pressure response to potent diuretics.

title: [Diuretics and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney insufficiency: comparison of the effects of @entity12921 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: Bone sialoprotein ( @entity16240 ) is a major non-collagenous protein found almost exclusively in bone and other mineralized tissues including enamel, dentin and cementum. Although a role for @entity16240 in mineralization has been indicated, @entity16240 also appears to function in patho-physiological processes, including the @entity3 of @entity0 cells to bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity16240 in the homing of @entity5 cells and to provide insights into the role of @entity16240 in physiological as well as pathological processes. We established cultures of MDA-231 @entity0 cells stably transfected with DNA constructs of pIRES2-EGFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing @entity1 @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) cDNA (231BSP) under a @entity2834 promoter, or with an antisense sequence of @entity16240 cDNA (231BSPAS), or with an empty vector as a control (231EV). These 3 cell groups were selected for @entity5154 resistance using G418 and analyzed by flow cytometry for GFP expression. The resultant cultured cells expressed different levels of @entity16240 as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Among the three, 231BSP expressed the highest levels of @entity16240 while 231BSPAS expressed the lowest. The capacity of the @entity5 cells to metastasize to bone was determined in @entity19 (5 in each group) by intra-cardiac injection of the cells from the 3 different groups. Four weeks after inoculation, radiological examination revealed that all the 5 @entity19 in the 231BSP cell group had developed osteolytic bone @entity3 . In the 231BSPAS group only 1 @entity19 demonstrated metastatic @entity79 while 3 out of 5 @entity19 in the control group (231EV) developed metastatic lesions in the bone. These results strongly suggest that @entity16240 over-expression in @entity1 @entity5 cells can enhance bone @entity3 of MDA-231 cells whereas repressed expression of @entity16240 , using antisense @entity16240 cDNA, inhibits this effect in a @entity19 model.

title: Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone @entity3 of XXXX @entity0 cells in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Bone sialoprotein ( @entity16240 ) is a major non-collagenous protein found almost exclusively in bone and other mineralized tissues including enamel, dentin and cementum. Although a role for @entity16240 in mineralization has been indicated, @entity16240 also appears to function in patho-physiological processes, including the @entity3 of @entity0 cells to bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity16240 in the homing of @entity5 cells and to provide insights into the role of @entity16240 in physiological as well as pathological processes. We established cultures of MDA-231 @entity0 cells stably transfected with DNA constructs of pIRES2-EGFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing @entity1 @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) cDNA (231BSP) under a @entity2834 promoter, or with an antisense sequence of @entity16240 cDNA (231BSPAS), or with an empty vector as a control (231EV). These 3 cell groups were selected for @entity5154 resistance using G418 and analyzed by flow cytometry for GFP expression. The resultant cultured cells expressed different levels of @entity16240 as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Among the three, 231BSP expressed the highest levels of @entity16240 while 231BSPAS expressed the lowest. The capacity of the @entity5 cells to metastasize to bone was determined in @entity19 (5 in each group) by intra-cardiac injection of the cells from the 3 different groups. Four weeks after inoculation, radiological examination revealed that all the 5 @entity19 in the 231BSP cell group had developed osteolytic bone @entity3 . In the 231BSPAS group only 1 @entity19 demonstrated metastatic @entity79 while 3 out of 5 @entity19 in the control group (231EV) developed metastatic lesions in the bone. These results strongly suggest that @entity16240 over-expression in @entity1 @entity5 cells can enhance bone @entity3 of MDA-231 cells whereas repressed expression of @entity16240 , using antisense @entity16240 cDNA, inhibits this effect in a @entity19 model.

title: Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone @entity3 of @entity1 XXXX cells in a @entity19 model.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Bone sialoprotein ( @entity16240 ) is a major non-collagenous protein found almost exclusively in bone and other mineralized tissues including enamel, dentin and cementum. Although a role for @entity16240 in mineralization has been indicated, @entity16240 also appears to function in patho-physiological processes, including the @entity3 of @entity0 cells to bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity16240 in the homing of @entity5 cells and to provide insights into the role of @entity16240 in physiological as well as pathological processes. We established cultures of MDA-231 @entity0 cells stably transfected with DNA constructs of pIRES2-EGFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing @entity1 @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) cDNA (231BSP) under a @entity2834 promoter, or with an antisense sequence of @entity16240 cDNA (231BSPAS), or with an empty vector as a control (231EV). These 3 cell groups were selected for @entity5154 resistance using G418 and analyzed by flow cytometry for GFP expression. The resultant cultured cells expressed different levels of @entity16240 as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Among the three, 231BSP expressed the highest levels of @entity16240 while 231BSPAS expressed the lowest. The capacity of the @entity5 cells to metastasize to bone was determined in @entity19 (5 in each group) by intra-cardiac injection of the cells from the 3 different groups. Four weeks after inoculation, radiological examination revealed that all the 5 @entity19 in the 231BSP cell group had developed osteolytic bone @entity3 . In the 231BSPAS group only 1 @entity19 demonstrated metastatic @entity79 while 3 out of 5 @entity19 in the control group (231EV) developed metastatic lesions in the bone. These results strongly suggest that @entity16240 over-expression in @entity1 @entity5 cells can enhance bone @entity3 of MDA-231 cells whereas repressed expression of @entity16240 , using antisense @entity16240 cDNA, inhibits this effect in a @entity19 model.

title: Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone XXXX of @entity1 @entity0 cells in a @entity19 model.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Bone sialoprotein ( @entity16240 ) is a major non-collagenous protein found almost exclusively in bone and other mineralized tissues including enamel, dentin and cementum. Although a role for @entity16240 in mineralization has been indicated, @entity16240 also appears to function in patho-physiological processes, including the @entity3 of @entity0 cells to bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity16240 in the homing of @entity5 cells and to provide insights into the role of @entity16240 in physiological as well as pathological processes. We established cultures of MDA-231 @entity0 cells stably transfected with DNA constructs of pIRES2-EGFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing @entity1 @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) cDNA (231BSP) under a @entity2834 promoter, or with an antisense sequence of @entity16240 cDNA (231BSPAS), or with an empty vector as a control (231EV). These 3 cell groups were selected for @entity5154 resistance using G418 and analyzed by flow cytometry for GFP expression. The resultant cultured cells expressed different levels of @entity16240 as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Among the three, 231BSP expressed the highest levels of @entity16240 while 231BSPAS expressed the lowest. The capacity of the @entity5 cells to metastasize to bone was determined in @entity19 (5 in each group) by intra-cardiac injection of the cells from the 3 different groups. Four weeks after inoculation, radiological examination revealed that all the 5 @entity19 in the 231BSP cell group had developed osteolytic bone @entity3 . In the 231BSPAS group only 1 @entity19 demonstrated metastatic @entity79 while 3 out of 5 @entity19 in the control group (231EV) developed metastatic lesions in the bone. These results strongly suggest that @entity16240 over-expression in @entity1 @entity5 cells can enhance bone @entity3 of MDA-231 cells whereas repressed expression of @entity16240 , using antisense @entity16240 cDNA, inhibits this effect in a @entity19 model.

title: Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone @entity3 of @entity1 @entity0 cells in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Although parental administration of @entity1160 promotes intestinal adaptation, it is controversial whether enteral @entity1160 is effective after small bowel resection. To further evaluate the benefits of enteral supplementation, peptide and @entity535 peptide transporter function must be considered. We evaluated the effect of enteral @entity20553 based on the alteration of peptide and @entity535 transporter expressions after massive small intestinal resection. @entity35 underwent 80% proximal intestinal resection. Expression of the glutaminase (GA), @entity535 transporter B0 and peptide transporter @entity72951 mRNA in the residual intestinal cells was initially examined by Northern blot analysis. @entity35 with a small bowel received a bolus supplement of @entity1160 (2.0 g/kg/day) + @entity493 (1.22 g/kg/day) mixture, @entity20553 (2.972/kg/day) or saline for 3 days from one day before operation. On the 3rd postoperative day (POD) and the 7th POD, residual intestinal tissue was removed, and mucosal parameters were measured. The GA activity and GA mRNA significantly increased on the 1st POD. Although the levels of B0 mRNA gradually decreased, the @entity72951 mRNA increased after surgery, and reached 150% of the initial level on the 5th POD. In the @entity35 administered @entity20553 , mucosal wet weight and protein content similarly increased with increasing villus height on the 7th POD. Enteral supplementation with @entity20553 but not @entity1160 + @entity493 mixture promotes intestinal adaptation as evidenced by increased peptide transport after intestinal resection.

title: Enteral XXXX supplement promotes intestinal adaptation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity20553 :: ('MESH:C054122', 'Chemical') :: ['alanyl-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity20553 :: (MESH:C054122,Chemical) :: ['alanyl-glutamine']


abstract: Although parental administration of @entity1160 promotes intestinal adaptation, it is controversial whether enteral @entity1160 is effective after small bowel resection. To further evaluate the benefits of enteral supplementation, peptide and @entity535 peptide transporter function must be considered. We evaluated the effect of enteral @entity20553 based on the alteration of peptide and @entity535 transporter expressions after massive small intestinal resection. @entity35 underwent 80% proximal intestinal resection. Expression of the glutaminase (GA), @entity535 transporter B0 and peptide transporter @entity72951 mRNA in the residual intestinal cells was initially examined by Northern blot analysis. @entity35 with a small bowel received a bolus supplement of @entity1160 (2.0 g/kg/day) + @entity493 (1.22 g/kg/day) mixture, @entity20553 (2.972/kg/day) or saline for 3 days from one day before operation. On the 3rd postoperative day (POD) and the 7th POD, residual intestinal tissue was removed, and mucosal parameters were measured. The GA activity and GA mRNA significantly increased on the 1st POD. Although the levels of B0 mRNA gradually decreased, the @entity72951 mRNA increased after surgery, and reached 150% of the initial level on the 5th POD. In the @entity35 administered @entity20553 , mucosal wet weight and protein content similarly increased with increasing villus height on the 7th POD. Enteral supplementation with @entity20553 but not @entity1160 + @entity493 mixture promotes intestinal adaptation as evidenced by increased peptide transport after intestinal resection.

title: Enteral @entity20553 supplement promotes intestinal adaptation in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity1 had a dacron aortofemoral bypass graft inserted to replace a ruptured infrarenal @entity1755 . He subsequently had tachyarrhythmic @entity955 with @entity712 , NYHA class IV, and diffuse @entity490 associated with watery @entity294 . INVESTIGATIONS: Stool tests merely demonstrated @entity5132 . Abdominal ultrasound revealed intestinal loops with thickened walls and decreased peristalsis. Coloscopy demonstrated a retroperitoneal intestinal perforation with @entity733 formation resulting from @entity31 which had also uncovered the vascular prosthesis near the @entity733 . DIAGNOSIS: Ischemic transmural @entity39 with retroperitoneal intestinal perforation. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The rectosigmoid colon was resected and an end-colostomy made with closure of the rectal stump (Hartmann's operation). The uncovered right limb of the vascular graft was covered completely and was discharged, being now mobile using a walking frame. There was no evidence of @entity281 in the dacron prosthesis. CONCLUSION: A transmural progression of an @entity63 should be considered as a late sequela after emergency vascular reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. Even if symptoms are mild, early postoperative sigmoidoscopy is indicated.

title: [ XXXX after vascular reconstruction of an abdominal aortic aneurysm].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing rectosigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative necrotizing rectosigmoid colitis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess', 'abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: Between 1960 and 1982, 64 operations were performed for @entity189 of the cervical esophagus including the cervicothoracic segment. Of these 64 @entity1 , 12 underwent cervical esophagectomy and 52 had total esophagectomy. Visceral replacements were employed in 61 @entity1 by the skin flap (3 cases), the intestine pedicle graft (10 cases), and the stomach tube (48 cases). The operative mortality rate associated with cervical esophagectomy was 33.3% and that with total esophagectomy was 5.8%. The 5-year survival rate for @entity1 who had cervical esophagectomy was 16.7% and that for @entity1 with total esophagectomy was 30.0%. A direct comparison of the surgical results of cervical and total esophagectomy should not be discussed at the same level, because the cervical esophagectomy operations were performed before 1967. However, the discussion of histologic examinations for removed lymph nodes and resected esophagus will be of value. Analysis of these histologic findings was performed aggressively and we obtained the following results. Total esophagectomy completely removes the intramural invasive @entity5 cells in the anal stump of resected esophagus, and then dissection of the intrathoracic, including cervical, lymph nodes is possible. In addition to these merits, stomach replacement for esophageal reconstruction has the advantage of the only anastomosis (pharyngogastrostomy) as compared with the other visceral replacements. For these reasons it may be recommended that total esophagectomy with stomach replacement is adequate for the treatment of the advanced @entity189 situated in the cervical esophagus.

title: Analysis of surgical treatment for XXXX situated in the cervical esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transgenic @entity19 models are proving to be invaluable in our effort to understand the molecular basis of @entity263 (CaP). We review and discuss how current animal models have contributed to our understanding of the metastatic cascade and how transgenic technology is being used to develop the next generation of @entity19 models. Our goal is to provide a review of the recent advances and provide a framework for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE search of the literature on CaP @entity3 transgenic and animal models. RESULTS: We present a summary of the characteristics of nine different animal models of CaP. Each model is unique and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms governing the progression of CaP. Our experience with transgenic models and all the new data from the literature predicts that we will be able to develop genetically engineered @entity19 that accurately mimic the heterogeneity, @entity342 -independent growth, and metastatic spread seen in clinical disease. CONCLUSION: In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CaP @entity3 , it will be necessary to compare gene and protein expression patterns and biochemical analyses of clinical metastatic disease with data obtained from current models. We will also need to refine our ability to engineer and characterize genetic perturbation models. This type of integrative and iterative approach should facilitate better understanding of the molecular biology of CaP metastases.

title: Models of XXXX : a transgenic perspective.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']


abstract: In a retrospective survey of 195 @entity1 with spontaneous pneumothorax, 100 had a deep (greater than 20%) air space. Thirty one @entity1 were considered unsuitable for @entity1173 because of complicating disease. Sixty nine @entity1 were treated by @entity1173 , and in 45 of these reexpansion was sufficient for the case to be managed as shallow pneumothorax while the @entity1 remained ambulant. The average initial @entity1173 from the 69 @entity1 was 1 X 1 litres. The intrapleural pressure was subatmospheric in only 22 (49%) of the 45 successfully aspirated @entity1 . A chest radiograph several hours after @entity1173 is the principal control required for this treatment. The recurrence rate was 11.1%. Of 95 @entity1 with a shallow pneumothorax, 3 were intubated for progressive @entity891 and the remainder were encouraged to lead a normal life. The recurrence rate was 11.6%. Retrospectively, it was concluded that 137 @entity1 (70%) had a closed pneumothorax at diagnosis. Primary intubation of all @entity1 with a deep pneumothorax would have represented overtreatment.

title: A place for XXXX in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['lung collapse']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: HISTORY: We report on a 82 year-old male who presented with @entity1118 in the right upper abdomen, @entity390 and vomitus. An uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy occurred eight years and a @entity99 60 years before. Clinical examination showed a normal abdominal status without palpable liver, spleen, enlarged lymph nodes or masses. He had no icteric skin and sclera. INVESTIGATIONS: The @entity1 was afebrile without @entity491 . The @entity5 markers @entity787 , CA 19 - 9 and AFP were negative. Ultrasound of the abdomen showed a normal homogeneous echotexture of the liver without signs of @entity1448 or @entity82 . In segment 6 a 3 cm large hypoechoic @entity8233 with a central echogenic structure with acoustic shadowing was noted. Magnetic resonance revealed a 2.8 x 3.6 cm large lesion in the dorsal region of segment 6 of the liver, infiltrating the perihepatic fat. Pathologic lymph nodes and metastases were not found. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: At laparotomy, the @entity5 appeared to be malignant with invasion to the perirenal fat. Complete resection with negative margins included segment 6 of the liver and the adjacent fat (the kidney itself was not infiltrated). The cut specimen also showed signs of @entity5 with central @entity39 . However, histology of the resected specimen revealed a sterile @entity5572 without @entity5 , but with microscopic foreign bodies. The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery without postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: This case report demonstrates the difficulty encountered in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes and @entity5 . Chronic inflammatory changes may mimic solid @entity5 . Despite adequate magnetic resonance imaging and thorough intraoperative examination, the correct diagnosis was finally found by histology. The most likely genesis of the @entity733 are lost gallstones during cholecystectomy.

title: [Mimicry of a XXXX as hepatocellular carcinoma].

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['cystic formation']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['liver abscess']


abstract: Dutch workers have proposed that @entity1 with @entity565 and those smokers who develop chronic @entity1030 share a common allergic constitution. To study whether smoking itself is associated with indicators of @entity566 , we have examined 237 @entity1 aged 51-61 years (120 smokers, 73 ex-smokers, and 44 non-smokers) who were recruited to a long term study of lung function in 1974, at which time @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity565 were excluded. Smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers did not differ in personal or family history of @entity56 , but the prevalence of positive responses to skinprick tests was greater in ex-smokers (59%) than in the other two groups (33% and 34%). In @entity1 with negative responses to skinprick tests total serum IgE was greater in smokers (log10 mean 1.41 IU/ml) and in ex-smokers (log10 mean 1.53 IU/ml) than in non-smokers (log10 mean 1.12 IU/ml). In @entity1 with positive skin test responses serum IgE was similar in the three groups (log10 mean ranging from 1.68 to 1.78 IU/ml). Geometric mean total white cell counts in the peripheral blood were higher in smokers (7.34 X 10(9)/l) than in non-smokers (5.82 X 10(9)/l); the value in ex-smokers (6.16 X 10(9)/l) was intermediate. Absolute blood eosinophil counts were increased in smokers disproportionately to the increase in total white cell count. Thus smoking is associated with small increases in some markers of @entity566 . These changes are probably acquired after the onset of smoking but sequential studies are required to amplify these cross sectional observations. Smokers whose skin test responses are positive appear more likely to give up smoking.

title: Smoking, XXXX , and the differential white blood cell count.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Kn @entity1 with @entity5968 , episodes of transient @entity854 ( @entity854 ) are often documented in addition to the typical episodes of @entity1347 @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). As the interpretation of these minor ECG changes is still uncertain, we investigated if transient @entity854 are associated with reversible @entity67 , similar to episodes with @entity1347 . For this purpose an ECG lead and a two-dimensional echocardiographic projection, which showed clear-cut changes during previous episodes of @entity1347 , were simultaneously monitored in five @entity1 with @entity5968 for a total of 13 hours and 20 minutes. In all @entity1 , the 30 episodes of @entity1347 recorded were all accompanied by reversible @entity67 . Furthermore, in four of these @entity1 , 14 episodes of @entity854 (peaking, flattening, or the appearance of a diphasic T wave) were recorded. All @entity854 were associated with reversible asynergies, as detected by three independent observers. The @entity73 occurred in the same ventricular wall both during @entity1347 and during @entity854 . During @entity854 the degree of @entity73 appeared less severe ( @entity2845 in 12 and @entity910 in two episodes) than during @entity1347 ( @entity2845 in one, @entity910 in 25, and @entity910 in four episodes) (p less than 0.001). The duration of asynergies was less during @entity854 (107 +/- 76 seconds) than during @entity1347 (169 +/- 83 seconds) (p less than 0.05). @entity662 was reported in 5 of 14 episodes of @entity854 (36%) and in 20 of 30 (66%) episodes of @entity1347 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transient myocardial ischemia with minimal electrocardiographic changes: an echocardiographic study in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ["Prinzmetal's angina"]

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST', 'segment elevation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical impairment']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['T abn', 'T wave abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular asynergies']

answer: @entity5968 :: (MESH:D000788,Disease) :: ['Prinzmetal's angina']


abstract: Kn @entity1 with @entity5968 , episodes of transient @entity854 ( @entity854 ) are often documented in addition to the typical episodes of @entity1347 @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). As the interpretation of these minor ECG changes is still uncertain, we investigated if transient @entity854 are associated with reversible @entity67 , similar to episodes with @entity1347 . For this purpose an ECG lead and a two-dimensional echocardiographic projection, which showed clear-cut changes during previous episodes of @entity1347 , were simultaneously monitored in five @entity1 with @entity5968 for a total of 13 hours and 20 minutes. In all @entity1 , the 30 episodes of @entity1347 recorded were all accompanied by reversible @entity67 . Furthermore, in four of these @entity1 , 14 episodes of @entity854 (peaking, flattening, or the appearance of a diphasic T wave) were recorded. All @entity854 were associated with reversible asynergies, as detected by three independent observers. The @entity73 occurred in the same ventricular wall both during @entity1347 and during @entity854 . During @entity854 the degree of @entity73 appeared less severe ( @entity2845 in 12 and @entity910 in two episodes) than during @entity1347 ( @entity2845 in one, @entity910 in 25, and @entity910 in four episodes) (p less than 0.001). The duration of asynergies was less during @entity854 (107 +/- 76 seconds) than during @entity1347 (169 +/- 83 seconds) (p less than 0.05). @entity662 was reported in 5 of 14 episodes of @entity854 (36%) and in 20 of 30 (66%) episodes of @entity1347 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transient myocardial ischemia with minimal electrocardiographic changes: an echocardiographic study in XXXX with @entity5968 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6237 was initially prescribed at a dose of 200 mg twice daily, but after early @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), the dosage was reduced to 100 mg twice daily. The effects of @entity6237 were studied in 40 @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , mean age 62 +/- 2 years, ejection fraction 45 +/- 3%) who underwent programmed electrical stimulation to determine the efficacy of @entity6237 in preventing @entity1165 chronically at the reduced dose. @entity1165 was induced in 21 @entity1 and nonsustained @entity1165 in 19. @entity6237 prevented @entity1165 induction in 26 @entity1 (65%). At a mean dose of 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg, prolongation occurred in the effective refractory period of the first (280 +/- 5 vs 249 +/- 5 ms) and second (254 +/- 6 vs 209 +/- 9 ms) extrastimuli (p less than 0.01). In the @entity1 protected by @entity6237 , the effective refractory periods increased by a 17 +/- 2% and 21 +/- 3%, in contrast to only a 7 +/- 3% and 6 +/- 4% increase in the nonprotected group (p less than 0.05), despite a higher mean dose (1.9 +/- 0.1 vs 1.35 +/- 0.1 mg/kg). Twenty-one @entity1 were discharged on @entity6237 therapy, 100 mg twice daily, and were followed for a mean of 11 months. Sixteen @entity1 are alive and well, 1 died suddenly, 1 died from a noncardiac cause and 1 had a "breakthrough" @entity943 . Two were switched to @entity5126 therapy by their referring physicians, but were without problems while receiving @entity6237 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : long-term treatment using a reduced dosing schedule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Sustained VT', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['Flecainide']


abstract: Endogenous membrane and cytosolic and nuclear protein phosphorylations were compared among three well-characterized subpopulations of @entity1 @entity694 cells that were originally isolated from a single @entity1 primary @entity694 . These intratumoral subpopulations of cells were found to differ significantly in their biological properties. Analysis of phosphoproteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis following 32P phosphorylation of subcellular fractions in a cell-free system or labeling intact cells in vivo revealed significant differences in the selective phosphorylation of membrane, cytosol, and nuclear proteins. The two-dimensional membrane, cytosol, and nuclear phosphoprotein profiles distinguished the three subpopulations of @entity694 cells from each other. @entity575 -staining proteins from the three subpopulations were also compared. The two-dimensional, @entity575 -stained electrophoretic profiles of nuclear proteins were essentially the same for all three subpopulations. The @entity575 -stained electrophoretic profile of membrane and cytosolic proteins revealed only minor differences in the expression of polypeptides. Nevertheless, these changes could also distinguish the three subpopulations. The results of this study suggest that minor differences in the expression of cytosolic and membrane proteins exist in intratumoral subpopulations of colonic cells. However, a significantly greater degree of heterogeneity was found to be associated with post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation. These modifications could play an important role in determining the expression of different biological properties among subpopulations of malignant cells.

title: Selective protein phosphorylation in heterogeneous subpopulations of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: Endogenous membrane and cytosolic and nuclear protein phosphorylations were compared among three well-characterized subpopulations of @entity1 @entity694 cells that were originally isolated from a single @entity1 primary @entity694 . These intratumoral subpopulations of cells were found to differ significantly in their biological properties. Analysis of phosphoproteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis following 32P phosphorylation of subcellular fractions in a cell-free system or labeling intact cells in vivo revealed significant differences in the selective phosphorylation of membrane, cytosol, and nuclear proteins. The two-dimensional membrane, cytosol, and nuclear phosphoprotein profiles distinguished the three subpopulations of @entity694 cells from each other. @entity575 -staining proteins from the three subpopulations were also compared. The two-dimensional, @entity575 -stained electrophoretic profiles of nuclear proteins were essentially the same for all three subpopulations. The @entity575 -stained electrophoretic profile of membrane and cytosolic proteins revealed only minor differences in the expression of polypeptides. Nevertheless, these changes could also distinguish the three subpopulations. The results of this study suggest that minor differences in the expression of cytosolic and membrane proteins exist in intratumoral subpopulations of colonic cells. However, a significantly greater degree of heterogeneity was found to be associated with post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation. These modifications could play an important role in determining the expression of different biological properties among subpopulations of malignant cells.

title: Selective protein phosphorylation in heterogeneous subpopulations of XXXX @entity694 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In order to learn about the immunopathogenic mechanisms of experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU), the capacity of lymphocytes to transfer the disease was studied. EAU was transferred to naive syngeneic @entity35 by intraperitoneal injection of spleen or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) cells from @entity18295 immunized @entity35 , following their incubation in culture with either @entity18295 or concanavalin A (Con A). In contrast, the same cells did not cause inflammatory changes in the recipient eyes when injected intravitreally. The identity of the lymphocytes that transfer EAU was determined by using monoclonal antibody enriched subsets of lymphocytes. EAU was transferred by the subset of helper/inducer T-cells, but not by T-cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. Recipient @entity35 of spleen or @entity1600 cells cultured with @entity18295 exhibited both humoral and cellular immune responses to @entity18295 . On the other hand, recipients of spleen cells cultured with Con A developed only cellular immune response to @entity18295 . Yet, both groups of recipients fully developed EAU. The clinical and histologic changes in recipient @entity35 closely resembled those in @entity35 in which EAU was induced by active immunization. Severe @entity3145 occurred at the photoreceptor cell layer, but inflammatory infiltration also was found in other ocular tissues. Involvement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was noted throughout ocular tissues even in the eyes of recipients with no detectable antibodies to @entity18295 , suggesting that the ocular PMNs infiltration in @entity35 is not necessarily the result of an Arthus-like inflammatory process.

title: Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune XXXX in @entity35 . Immunopathogenic mechanisms and histologic features.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

answer: @entity4643 :: (MESH:D003103,Disease) :: ['uveoretinitis']


abstract: In order to learn about the immunopathogenic mechanisms of experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU), the capacity of lymphocytes to transfer the disease was studied. EAU was transferred to naive syngeneic @entity35 by intraperitoneal injection of spleen or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) cells from @entity18295 immunized @entity35 , following their incubation in culture with either @entity18295 or concanavalin A (Con A). In contrast, the same cells did not cause inflammatory changes in the recipient eyes when injected intravitreally. The identity of the lymphocytes that transfer EAU was determined by using monoclonal antibody enriched subsets of lymphocytes. EAU was transferred by the subset of helper/inducer T-cells, but not by T-cells of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. Recipient @entity35 of spleen or @entity1600 cells cultured with @entity18295 exhibited both humoral and cellular immune responses to @entity18295 . On the other hand, recipients of spleen cells cultured with Con A developed only cellular immune response to @entity18295 . Yet, both groups of recipients fully developed EAU. The clinical and histologic changes in recipient @entity35 closely resembled those in @entity35 in which EAU was induced by active immunization. Severe @entity3145 occurred at the photoreceptor cell layer, but inflammatory infiltration also was found in other ocular tissues. Involvement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was noted throughout ocular tissues even in the eyes of recipients with no detectable antibodies to @entity18295 , suggesting that the ocular PMNs infiltration in @entity35 is not necessarily the result of an Arthus-like inflammatory process.

title: Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune @entity4643 in XXXX . Immunopathogenic mechanisms and histologic features.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Cleavage of @entity24585 by @entity59907 was studied. Four primary products were detected and separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Two of the fragments are fluorescent and therefore contain residue 23 ( @entity2340 ). These fragments are @entity2733 -terminal in origin. The other two cross-react with antisera directed against @entity1473 -terminal portions of the hormone; they are the complementary @entity1473 -terminal fragments. Microsequencing and @entity535 analysis showed that the two @entity1473 -terminal fragments are 35-84 and 38-84 @entity291 @entity24585 . By CNBr cleavage and @entity535 analysis, the two @entity2733 -terminal fragments were shown to be the complementary 1-37 and 1-34 fragments. The 1-37 fragment is transitory and is rapidly hydrolyzed to 1-34, so that only relatively small amounts are detected at any one time. However, 34-84 was not converted to 38-84, although cleavage at other sites in the @entity1473 -terminal fragments was observed with more exhaustive digestion. The 1-34 fragment appears to be the final product of the action of @entity59907 on @entity24585 . Both enzymatically produced @entity2733 -terminal fragments were fully active in the renal membrane adenylyl cyclase assay system.

title: Characterization of XXXX fragments produced by @entity59907 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity24585 :: (280903(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: Cleavage of @entity24585 by @entity59907 was studied. Four primary products were detected and separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Two of the fragments are fluorescent and therefore contain residue 23 ( @entity2340 ). These fragments are @entity2733 -terminal in origin. The other two cross-react with antisera directed against @entity1473 -terminal portions of the hormone; they are the complementary @entity1473 -terminal fragments. Microsequencing and @entity535 analysis showed that the two @entity1473 -terminal fragments are 35-84 and 38-84 @entity291 @entity24585 . By CNBr cleavage and @entity535 analysis, the two @entity2733 -terminal fragments were shown to be the complementary 1-37 and 1-34 fragments. The 1-37 fragment is transitory and is rapidly hydrolyzed to 1-34, so that only relatively small amounts are detected at any one time. However, 34-84 was not converted to 38-84, although cleavage at other sites in the @entity1473 -terminal fragments was observed with more exhaustive digestion. The 1-34 fragment appears to be the final product of the action of @entity59907 on @entity24585 . Both enzymatically produced @entity2733 -terminal fragments were fully active in the renal membrane adenylyl cyclase assay system.

title: Characterization of @entity24585 fragments produced by XXXX .

answer: @entity59907 :: (282883(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['cathepsin D']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with forty-four unicompartmental @entity58837 metallic uncemented hemiarthroplasties were followed for five to thirteen years (average, eight years). Thirty-nine knees had a medial and five, a lateral arthroplasty. The age at surgery ranged from thirty-two to eight-two years (average, sixty-seven years). At the final follow-up, 70 per cent of the knees were rated as good or excellent. Seventy-nine per cent of the knees in @entity1 who were less than sixty-five years old at the time of surgery were in these categories. Six knees (14 per cent) had required revision to either a unicompartmental or a bicompartmental total knee replacement. The average preoperative and postoperative knee flexion did not change, but knees with initially poor motion improved. The average preoperative flexion contracture of 10 degrees improved postoperatively to 5 degrees. Complications were rare and no cases of @entity281 , or clinically detectable @entity3527 occurred. Obesity did not seem to adversely affect the outcome. This study indicated that the @entity58837 unicompartmental metallic hemiarthroplasty can provide an attractive alternative in the treatment of @entity571 when proximal tibial osteotomy is contraindicated or has failed or when the @entity1 is too young, heavy, or active to consider total knee replacement.

title: XXXX metallic hemiarthroplasty of the knee in @entity571 . Long-term clinical follow-up and current indications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['unicompartmental degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, peroneal palsy']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity58837 :: (MESH:C536716,Disease) :: ['McKeever']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with forty-four unicompartmental @entity58837 metallic uncemented hemiarthroplasties were followed for five to thirteen years (average, eight years). Thirty-nine knees had a medial and five, a lateral arthroplasty. The age at surgery ranged from thirty-two to eight-two years (average, sixty-seven years). At the final follow-up, 70 per cent of the knees were rated as good or excellent. Seventy-nine per cent of the knees in @entity1 who were less than sixty-five years old at the time of surgery were in these categories. Six knees (14 per cent) had required revision to either a unicompartmental or a bicompartmental total knee replacement. The average preoperative and postoperative knee flexion did not change, but knees with initially poor motion improved. The average preoperative flexion contracture of 10 degrees improved postoperatively to 5 degrees. Complications were rare and no cases of @entity281 , or clinically detectable @entity3527 occurred. Obesity did not seem to adversely affect the outcome. This study indicated that the @entity58837 unicompartmental metallic hemiarthroplasty can provide an attractive alternative in the treatment of @entity571 when proximal tibial osteotomy is contraindicated or has failed or when the @entity1 is too young, heavy, or active to consider total knee replacement.

title: @entity58837 metallic hemiarthroplasty of the knee in XXXX . Long-term clinical follow-up and current indications.

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['unicompartmental degenerative arthritis']


abstract: The clinical efficacy and safety of transvenous cardioversion for termination of sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) were examined by a prospective randomized study design in 22 @entity1 (19 @entity1 , three @entity1 ; mean age 64 +/- 9 years) with @entity299 and sustained @entity1165 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to undergo an incremental low-energy protocol from 0.03 to 2.2 J (group A, 11 @entity1 ) or an incremental high-energy protocol from 0.5 to 10.0 J (group B, 11 @entity1 ). Transvenous cardioversion was performed during electrophysiologic studies in the control (drug-free) state and during serial antiarrhythmic drug testing in all @entity1 . Both groups were comparable for @entity66 and functional status, and electrophysiologic parameters. A total of 77 episodes of @entity1165 (group A, 45; group B, 32) were analyzed. The overall efficacy of transvenous cardioversion for termination of @entity1165 was 62% (group A 56% vs group B 72%; p less than .01). Antiarrhythmic drug therapy did not significantly enhance efficacy of transvenous cardioversion (control 59% vs drug 65%; p greater than .2). Stepwise discriminant analysis correlated successful transvenous cardioversion with longer @entity1165 cycle length (p less than .0005), higher energy (p less than .025), lower energy waveform tilt (p less than .025), shorter time to initial cardioversion attempt (p less than .025), and shorter QRS duration in sinus rhythm (p less than .05). Acceleration of @entity1165 was frequent (8% incidence per @entity1457 ). Thirty-one percent of all @entity1457 were terminated because of this complication. After cardioversion, transient @entity943 were common ( @entity1168 23%, supraventricular @entity591 12%). Displacement of electrode catheters after transvenous cardioversion was uncommon (3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A prospective randomized study of the clinical efficacy and safety of transvenous cardioversion for termination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['demographic, disease']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['incremental shock protocols', 'delivered shock']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: A variety of operations have been proposed for the treatment of radiation injuries of the rectum. In this study, the procedure advocated by the late Sir Alan Parks--resection of the diseased segment down to its points of fixation to the vagina, bladder or prostate; with perianal mucosal stripping of the anorectal segment and primary coloanal (pull-through) @entity254 --was performed in 11 @entity1 . In two others, an attempt at colorectal @entity254 was abandoned because of extreme scarring in the pelvis. The procedures were done following definitive treatment of @entity188 (seven @entity1 ), @entity189 (two @entity1 ), @entity189 (one @entity1 ), @entity43 (one @entity1 ), @entity4797 (one @entity1 ), and @entity150 (one @entity1 ). One @entity1 died from a @entity358 on the seventh postoperative day. Of the survivors with a coloanal @entity254 , all had successful closure of their temporary colostomies with follow-up from one to six years. In eight, continence was assessed as being good or excellent. Four @entity1 required anastomotic dilation and another required a surgical procedure for anastomotic stricture. There was one instance each of reoperation for @entity30 . There were no instances of recurrence of @entity548 , @entity292 , perineal @entity158 or tenesmus. The Parks procedure obviates the need for a difficult dissection of the lower rectum and separation of tissues damaged by radiation and avoids the need for eversion techniques. Its selective use is advocated for @entity1 suffering from severe radiation injuries of the rectum.

title: Parks' coloanal pull-through XXXX for severe, complicated radiation proctitis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix', 'carcinoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction and ileocolic fistula']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The clinicopathological details of eight cases of @entity31 complicated by @entity694 are described. There was a total of 14 primary @entity694 , six of which were not detected before pathological examination of the resection specimens. The reason for this may be related to atypical @entity5 growth patterns. Three occurred in flat mucosa, one in a @entity3137 , and another in @entity5932 . The occurrence, distribution, and morphology of @entity33 were noted in both resection specimens and biopsies taken at varying stages before resection. @entity5 was associated with normal and adjacent @entity6349 mucosa of varying grades. The extent and grade of @entity1141 were not reliable indicators of @entity5 differentiation or subsequent clinical outcome. Only two @entity5 were poorly differentiated. In five cases a total of 23 mucosal biopsies were taken, all less than 12 months before resection. Three rectal biopsies were graded positive for @entity1141 and three colonic biopsies indefinite for @entity1141 . The subsequent resection specimens showed both @entity3909 changes. Three rectal and 14 colonic biopsies were graded negative for @entity1141 despite positive findings in the subsequent resection specimens. This @entity154 is partly attributed to the patchy nature of @entity1141 in colitic mucosa. Two cases illustrate the possibility of @entity1141 pursuing a rapidly progressive course. The mucosal changes of @entity31 were assessed using a recently introduced and standardised international classification.

title: Large bowel XXXX and carcinoma in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic and carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancers', 'carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal plaque lesion']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal dysplasia']


abstract: The clinicopathological details of eight cases of @entity31 complicated by @entity694 are described. There was a total of 14 primary @entity694 , six of which were not detected before pathological examination of the resection specimens. The reason for this may be related to atypical @entity5 growth patterns. Three occurred in flat mucosa, one in a @entity3137 , and another in @entity5932 . The occurrence, distribution, and morphology of @entity33 were noted in both resection specimens and biopsies taken at varying stages before resection. @entity5 was associated with normal and adjacent @entity6349 mucosa of varying grades. The extent and grade of @entity1141 were not reliable indicators of @entity5 differentiation or subsequent clinical outcome. Only two @entity5 were poorly differentiated. In five cases a total of 23 mucosal biopsies were taken, all less than 12 months before resection. Three rectal biopsies were graded positive for @entity1141 and three colonic biopsies indefinite for @entity1141 . The subsequent resection specimens showed both @entity3909 changes. Three rectal and 14 colonic biopsies were graded negative for @entity1141 despite positive findings in the subsequent resection specimens. This @entity154 is partly attributed to the patchy nature of @entity1141 in colitic mucosa. Two cases illustrate the possibility of @entity1141 pursuing a rapidly progressive course. The mucosal changes of @entity31 were assessed using a recently introduced and standardised international classification.

title: Large bowel @entity33 and carcinoma in XXXX .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Selective modification of atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction, that is, induction of varying degrees of AV @entity616 (second or third degree), or both, was achieved with a pervenous laser catheter technique. In six adult mongrel @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4485 (Nembutal), 5F leads were placed through femoral and external jugular veins and placed into the right atrium and His bundle region. Through another femoral vein, a 200 micron optical fiber was inserted by way of a 7F catheter with a preformed curved tip. Guided by fluoroscopy and His bundle electrograms, the fiber's tip was positioned in the AV nodal region. After autonomic blockade was achieved with intravenous @entity1169 (5 mg) and @entity3897 (1 mg), AV conduction was analyzed. An argon laser delivered 3 to 4 watts into the fiber in bursts of 10 seconds' duration until the desired degree of AV nodal delay or block (second or third degree) was manifested. Monitoring of His bundle electrograms was continued for 2 hours. Four weekly serial electrocardiograms were recorded, after which electrophysiologic studies were repeated. Acute post-lasing studies showed that: in all six @entity235 , the mean PR interval was prolonged from 116 ms (range 100 to 135) to 153 ms (range 120 to 185), with the prolongation being caused exclusively by AH lengthening from 68 ms (range 50 to 90) to 105 ms (range 65 to 140); the mean effective refractory period of the AV node increased from less than 185 ms (range less than 150 to less than 200) to 215 ms (range 190 to 280); and the mean atrial pacing cycle length, at which second degree AV @entity616 was manifested, increased from 210 ms (range 160 to 260) to 261 ms (range 205 to 320).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Laser catheter-induced atrioventricular nodal delays and atrioventricular block in XXXX : acute and chronic observations.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nodal delays or block', 'nodal block']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We reviewed the records of 251 @entity1 whose cases were diagnosed between 1958 and 1978 at the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center Special Treatment Center for @entity625 . We used a computerized system that included retrieval of data on range of motion, @entity158 , @entity4 , functional capacity, and radiographic changes at each six-month visit over the years that the @entity1 was followed. For the @entity1 who were operated on, the radiographic information was evaluated preoperatively and at the last radiographic follow-up (average, six years after operation). The data bank contained postoperative radiographic information for thirty-two of the joints that had been operated on. We reviewed the late results of forty-one synovectomies in thirty @entity1 . The data included range of motion, swelling, and @entity158 before operation, at one and two years after operation, and at an average of 7.1 years of follow-up. There were few if any benefits from the operation with reference to @entity158 or improvement of range of motion, but it did seem to provide permanent relief of the @entity4 . Furthermore, radiographic deterioration seemed to continue in the joints that had been operated on if they already had radiographic changes at the time of operation (late synovectomy). In the joints without radiographic changes at the time of operation (early synovectomy), there seemed to be a continuation of deterioration in those affected by @entity66 , while the changes were less pronounced in those affected by @entity66 . We undertook this study with a positive attitude toward synovectomy in the treatment of @entity309 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Late results of synovectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular disease', 'pauciarticular disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: When large soft-tissue and @entity154 remain after d  bridement of a chronic @entity75 , application of a local muscle flap can be an effective way to achieve wound closure. Utilizing this surgical technique and specific antimicrobial therapy for the causal microorganisms, the infectious process was eradicated in thirty-nine of forty-two @entity1 with @entity4034 who were followed for at least two years after treatment. The osteomyelitic process was post-traumatic in origin--that is, a complication of a @entity174 or its treatment--in twenty-eight @entity1 , the result of soft-tissue @entity130 without a @entity174 in eight, a complication of elective surgery in three, and the result of hematogenous seeding in three @entity1 . Nine of the forty-two @entity1 had an infected non-union. The infectious process involved the tibia in 62 per cent of the @entity1 . @entity796 was the most frequently isolated causal organism. A soleus or gastrocnemius muscle flap was most frequently utilized to achieve closure. In five @entity1 , a combination of two muscle flaps was utilized. Although this technique successfully eradicated the infectious process in 93 per cent of the @entity1 , twenty-two @entity1 required additional surgical treatment. Six required such treatment for a persistent non-union and two, for weakened diaphyseal bone after eradication of the septic process. A cancellous bone-grafting procedure was performed in all eight @entity1 after the muscle flap had healed, and union was achieved in six of them. One @entity1 eventually requested an amputation for a persistent non-union, and the remaining @entity1 had a fibular @entity8213 performed for a persistent tibial non-union. A local muscle flap can be used in @entity1 with a large defect of soft tissue and bone after d  bridement of an @entity75 if the flap can be elevated and transposed into the defect without compromising its vascular supply. Although they are not applicable to the treatment of all @entity1 with @entity4034 , @entity121 can be extremely useful in the treatment of this lesion. When combined with thorough d  bridement and specific antimicrobial therapy, it has become a successful technique in the management of @entity6275 .

title: Local muscle flaps in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['osseous defects']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitic lesion']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['local muscle flaps']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: Recent evidence demonstrates that coagulation plays a role in mediating @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity631 . Because of its beneficial effect in experimental @entity631 , we treated @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity631 with ancrod, a drug known to lower fibrinogen levels and thought to activate fibrinolysis. Our @entity1 had unusually severe @entity8 ; renal function was deteriorating in many. Before ancrod, vascular plasminogen activator levels were low, and levels of an inhibitor of plasminogen activation were elevated. Some @entity1 had elevated @entity1351 inhibitor levels. Results were considered in two groups. In 13 @entity1 characterized as fibrinolysis responders, the low vascular plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activation inhibitor levels normalized. After ancrod, striking resolution of microvascular @entity715 occurred, which was associated with some improvement in renal function and blood pressure control. In five @entity1 characterized as fibrinolysis nonresponders and who also had an elevated @entity1351 inhibitor (alpha 2-antiplasmin) level, normalization of fibrinolysis did not occur. There was little change in microvascular @entity715 , renal function, or blood pressure control in the fibrinolysis nonresponders. These preliminary observations demonstrate a @entity74 in @entity1 with @entity1252 with microvascular thrombi in the kidney. Ancrod therapy reverses this disorder rapidly in @entity1 with a normal level of @entity1351 inhibitor and may lead to repair of @entity8 .

title: Lupus nephritis with XXXX and abnormal fibrinolysis: effect of ancrod.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of fibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Young hypophysectomized @entity35 were maintained with chronic indwelling i.v. cannulae attached via swivels to a multichannel pumping system programmed to deliver GH in a continuous or pulsatile pattern for several days. Continuous i.v. infusions of @entity1 GH for 5 days produced dose-dependent increases in body weight and tail length, without increasing food intake. A comparison of GH infusions by the s.c. or i.v. route showed that the direct i.v. route was threefold more effective. Pulsatile i.v. infusions of @entity1 or @entity291 GH at two doses (12 or 36 mu./day, eight pulses/day, 5-min duration, every 3 h) produced greater increases in body weight than continuous i.v. infusions of GH at the same daily dose. Continuous infusions of @entity291 GH produced a lower growth rate in the second of two consecutive 5-day treatment periods, whereas the responses to pulsatile GH did not diminish with time. Both body @entity1017 and long-bone growth were affected by the frequency of GH pulses; nine pulses per day were more effective than three pulses per day which in turn produced larger growth responses than one pulse per day. Keeping GH pulse frequency constant and varying pulse duration (4, 16 or 64 min) did not affect growth rates. In conclusion, long-term pulsatile i.v. infusions of GH mimic the endogenous secretory pattern, and are most effective when given at the physiologically appropriate pulse frequency.

title: Intravenous growth hormone: growth responses to patterned infusions in hypophysectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Left ventricular contractility following induction of experimental @entity788 (EP) was studied. Contractility was evaluated by analyzing the left ventricular end systolic pressure-diameter relationship (sigma ES). Sigma ES is independent of large changes in preload, afterload, and heart rate, but sensitive to changes in ventricular contractility. Following injection of 100,000 IU trypsin in 4% @entity7362 into the pancreas to induce EP, seven of eight @entity235 survived 5 hr. These @entity235 exhibited an initial significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MABP) which stabilized at 90% of control at 3-5 hr post-EP. Cardiac output (CO) dropped slowly after EP induction (from 3.08 +/- 0.43 to 2.22 +/- 0.22 liters/min) associated with no significant change in peripheral resistance. @entity64 work and @entity64 volume were markedly depressed reflecting the changes in MABP and CO. No consistent changes in +dP/dt or -dP/dt were observed. The ratio of endo/epicardial blood flow was unchanged as was blood @entity141 levels throughout the experiment. Ventricular contractility as reflected by sigma ES tended to improve (from 49.7 to 69.6 mm Hg/mm at 4 hr following EP). Therefore, it was concluded that these animals exhibited no loss of ventricular contractility during EP.

title: @entity235 left ventricular function during experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Left ventricular contractility following induction of experimental @entity788 (EP) was studied. Contractility was evaluated by analyzing the left ventricular end systolic pressure-diameter relationship (sigma ES). Sigma ES is independent of large changes in preload, afterload, and heart rate, but sensitive to changes in ventricular contractility. Following injection of 100,000 IU trypsin in 4% @entity7362 into the pancreas to induce EP, seven of eight @entity235 survived 5 hr. These @entity235 exhibited an initial significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (MABP) which stabilized at 90% of control at 3-5 hr post-EP. Cardiac output (CO) dropped slowly after EP induction (from 3.08 +/- 0.43 to 2.22 +/- 0.22 liters/min) associated with no significant change in peripheral resistance. @entity64 work and @entity64 volume were markedly depressed reflecting the changes in MABP and CO. No consistent changes in +dP/dt or -dP/dt were observed. The ratio of endo/epicardial blood flow was unchanged as was blood @entity141 levels throughout the experiment. Ventricular contractility as reflected by sigma ES tended to improve (from 49.7 to 69.6 mm Hg/mm at 4 hr following EP). Therefore, it was concluded that these animals exhibited no loss of ventricular contractility during EP.

title: XXXX left ventricular function during experimental @entity788 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Evaluation of the aortic root in 13 @entity1 with @entity472 aged 2.5 to 24 years (mean 8.3 years) has revealed morphologic characteristics of asymmetry of the aortic root caused by a small (hypoplastic) left sinus of Valsalva associated with a supravalvular ridge above the left coronary ostium and @entity1141 of the aortic valve. The asymmetry resulted in folding and buckling of the left aortic cusp. The aortic valve was classified as bicuspid in 11 of the 13 @entity1 . Preoperative aortography was characteristic and revealed the diagnosis in all @entity1 . The average left ventricle-aorta systolic pressure gradient was 81 mm Hg. Operative repair consisted of an oblique aortotomy extended in a spiral fashion to the right and posteriorly into the left sinus of Valsalva. Seven @entity1 had further mobilization of the posterior commissure with a second incision to the right of the commissure into the noncoronary sinus. Slightly fused valve commissures were opened in 12 @entity1 . Aortic root reconstruction was accomplished with a spiral Dacron patch and posterior commissural repositioning. Follow-up catheterization at 9 to 35 months (mean 24 months) in five @entity1 demonstrated an average outflow tract systolic gradient of 28 mm Hg and a more symmetrical appearance of the aortic root.

title: XXXX with hypoplasia of the left sinus of Valsalva. Anatomic reconstruction of the aortic root.

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Congenital aortic stenosis']


abstract: An 8-week program taught nutrition and aerobic exercise to @entity28 , @entity258 mothers of @entity1 under 3 years. A reduction in risk factors for @entity65 in the mothers was anticipated. Culturally adapted aerobic dancing was well-suited for exercise. It was assumed that @entity1 would ultimately adopt their parents' changed life style. The program demonstrated a significant reduction in heart rates at rest, but no significant change in heart rates with stress. A significant reduction in body-fat percentage was measured, whereas overall weight reduction was not significant. The consumption of @entity620 , protein, fat, and @entity1372 was reduced. Intake of @entity460 , @entity68 , @entity3363 , and @entity904 rose significantly. The results indicate the potential effectiveness of such dual intervention programs. Further study would be necessary for more conclusive results and recommendations.

title: A nutrition-physical fitness intervention program for XXXX parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income black']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-income black']


abstract: The histories of 22 @entity1 presenting during the first year of life with @entity3551 due to @entity340 were analyzed to determine outcome and prognostic features. Mean @entity1 age at the time of the initial surgical intervention was 39 days, and the mean duration of followup inclusive of renal function data was 5.8 years. One @entity1 died (5 per cent) and one had @entity454 . The mean preoperative and postoperative serum @entity1011 concentrations during the initial hospitalization were 3.1 and 1.4 mg. per dl., respectively. Neither value was significantly predictive of the @entity1011 concentration at final followup. In contrast, the nadir @entity1011 value during the first year of life correlated significantly with final renal function. @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 values less than or equal to 0.8 mg. per dl. by 12 months of age maintained @entity1011 levels less than or equal to 1.1 mg. per dl. at the time of final evaluation, whereas @entity1 with higher values during the first year of life were likely to have progressive @entity177 . Of 19 final @entity1011 determinations 6 were normal and 5 exceeded 1.5 mg. per dl. @entity644 , @entity101 , renal biopsy findings, @entity293 , unilateral nephrectomy and type of surgery did not correlate significantly with functional outcome. Followup studies of longer duration are needed to determine the ultimate outcome of these @entity1 , more than half of whom had some degree of @entity177 at final evaluation.

title: Prognostic features in @entity1 with @entity3551 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: The histories of 22 @entity1 presenting during the first year of life with @entity3551 due to @entity340 were analyzed to determine outcome and prognostic features. Mean @entity1 age at the time of the initial surgical intervention was 39 days, and the mean duration of followup inclusive of renal function data was 5.8 years. One @entity1 died (5 per cent) and one had @entity454 . The mean preoperative and postoperative serum @entity1011 concentrations during the initial hospitalization were 3.1 and 1.4 mg. per dl., respectively. Neither value was significantly predictive of the @entity1011 concentration at final followup. In contrast, the nadir @entity1011 value during the first year of life correlated significantly with final renal function. @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 values less than or equal to 0.8 mg. per dl. by 12 months of age maintained @entity1011 levels less than or equal to 1.1 mg. per dl. at the time of final evaluation, whereas @entity1 with higher values during the first year of life were likely to have progressive @entity177 . Of 19 final @entity1011 determinations 6 were normal and 5 exceeded 1.5 mg. per dl. @entity644 , @entity101 , renal biopsy findings, @entity293 , unilateral nephrectomy and type of surgery did not correlate significantly with functional outcome. Followup studies of longer duration are needed to determine the ultimate outcome of these @entity1 , more than half of whom had some degree of @entity177 at final evaluation.

title: Prognostic features in @entity1 with XXXX due to @entity340 .

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['obstructive uropathy']


abstract: The histories of 22 @entity1 presenting during the first year of life with @entity3551 due to @entity340 were analyzed to determine outcome and prognostic features. Mean @entity1 age at the time of the initial surgical intervention was 39 days, and the mean duration of followup inclusive of renal function data was 5.8 years. One @entity1 died (5 per cent) and one had @entity454 . The mean preoperative and postoperative serum @entity1011 concentrations during the initial hospitalization were 3.1 and 1.4 mg. per dl., respectively. Neither value was significantly predictive of the @entity1011 concentration at final followup. In contrast, the nadir @entity1011 value during the first year of life correlated significantly with final renal function. @entity1 with nadir @entity1011 values less than or equal to 0.8 mg. per dl. by 12 months of age maintained @entity1011 levels less than or equal to 1.1 mg. per dl. at the time of final evaluation, whereas @entity1 with higher values during the first year of life were likely to have progressive @entity177 . Of 19 final @entity1011 determinations 6 were normal and 5 exceeded 1.5 mg. per dl. @entity644 , @entity101 , renal biopsy findings, @entity293 , unilateral nephrectomy and type of surgery did not correlate significantly with functional outcome. Followup studies of longer duration are needed to determine the ultimate outcome of these @entity1 , more than half of whom had some degree of @entity177 at final evaluation.

title: Prognostic features in XXXX with @entity3551 due to @entity340 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 of @entity14705 is one the highest number of @entity5 seen in the Southeast Asian region. It is related to chewing a combination of @entity286 mixed with betel leaves, areca nut, and lime shell called quid. As it is most commonly due to @entity734 and affects younger population, it has tremendous economical and social consequences. Surgery is the most successful modality of management in these @entity1 . The surgery involves wide excision of the diseased mucosa and neck dissection. Neck dissection is associated with certain morbidities, but is routinely practiced in some centers like ours. We have attempted to evaluate the occurrence of the @entity66 in relation to the thickness of the @entity5 in cases of early @entity5 (stage I and II). We have used ultrasound of the lesion as our modality to assess the @entity5 thickness preoperatively. AJCC 7th edition was used to assess the clinical and pathological stage of the disease. We have studied 52 @entity1 of early buccal @entity957 , and we observed that @entity5 thicker than 7mm (p-0.05) have highest co-relation with nodal metastases. This study also recommends that neck dissection should be prophylactically performed for @entity5 thicker than 4mm. Tumor characteristics such as grade, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion should be considered as predictors for early nodal involvement.

title: Tumor Thickness: A predictor of @entity66 in early XXXX of @entity14705 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers of buccal mucosa', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas', 'mucosal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']