abstract: @entity170 is one of the most frequent diseases in postmenopausal @entity1 , leading to an increased @entity174 risk due to the physiologic loss of the bone protective effects of @entity172 . Hereby, several risk factors for @entity174 such as prevalent @entity174 , low @entity79 ( @entity79 ), age, low body mass index, family history, tendency to falls, smoking, use of SSRIs, glucocorticoid use etc. have been identified. In addition, the further reduction in endogenous @entity172 with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), @entity1176 analoga or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) continuously increases @entity174 risk. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) on the other hand is the most frequent @entity5 type in @entity1 . Recent reports indicate a continuous increased incidence, whereas mortality, due to early diagnosis and treatment improvements, is decreasing. @entity5 characteristics, radiation, @entity7730 , antibody treatment as well as endocrine treatment have been included into the adjuvant clinical treatment setting. Some but not all of these @entity5 -specific treatments interfere with bone turnover, leading to an accelerated @entity604 referred to as @entity5 treatment-induced @entity604 (CTIBL). Whereas @entity7730 leads to an unspecific increase in bone resorption, AI reduces residual serum endogenous @entity172 level and is associated with a decrease in @entity79 and increased @entity174 risk. Independent of the type of AI administered, @entity604 is 2-3-fold increased compared with healthy, age-matched postmenopausal controls. Therefore, several guidelines have emerged to help managing CTIBL in @entity1 with @entity0 including strategies to identify and treat those at highest risk for @entity174 . This review summarizes the current knowledge on CTIBL and fracturing risk and indicates preventative strategies.

title: Cancer Treatment-Induced XXXX in @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Dependent on specific tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['Bone Loss']


abstract: @entity170 is one of the most frequent diseases in postmenopausal @entity1 , leading to an increased @entity174 risk due to the physiologic loss of the bone protective effects of @entity172 . Hereby, several risk factors for @entity174 such as prevalent @entity174 , low @entity79 ( @entity79 ), age, low body mass index, family history, tendency to falls, smoking, use of SSRIs, glucocorticoid use etc. have been identified. In addition, the further reduction in endogenous @entity172 with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), @entity1176 analoga or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) continuously increases @entity174 risk. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) on the other hand is the most frequent @entity5 type in @entity1 . Recent reports indicate a continuous increased incidence, whereas mortality, due to early diagnosis and treatment improvements, is decreasing. @entity5 characteristics, radiation, @entity7730 , antibody treatment as well as endocrine treatment have been included into the adjuvant clinical treatment setting. Some but not all of these @entity5 -specific treatments interfere with bone turnover, leading to an accelerated @entity604 referred to as @entity5 treatment-induced @entity604 (CTIBL). Whereas @entity7730 leads to an unspecific increase in bone resorption, AI reduces residual serum endogenous @entity172 level and is associated with a decrease in @entity79 and increased @entity174 risk. Independent of the type of AI administered, @entity604 is 2-3-fold increased compared with healthy, age-matched postmenopausal controls. Therefore, several guidelines have emerged to help managing CTIBL in @entity1 with @entity0 including strategies to identify and treat those at highest risk for @entity174 . This review summarizes the current knowledge on CTIBL and fracturing risk and indicates preventative strategies.

title: Cancer Treatment-Induced @entity604 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity170 is one of the most frequent diseases in postmenopausal @entity1 , leading to an increased @entity174 risk due to the physiologic loss of the bone protective effects of @entity172 . Hereby, several risk factors for @entity174 such as prevalent @entity174 , low @entity79 ( @entity79 ), age, low body mass index, family history, tendency to falls, smoking, use of SSRIs, glucocorticoid use etc. have been identified. In addition, the further reduction in endogenous @entity172 with @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), @entity1176 analoga or aromatase inhibitors (AIs) continuously increases @entity174 risk. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) on the other hand is the most frequent @entity5 type in @entity1 . Recent reports indicate a continuous increased incidence, whereas mortality, due to early diagnosis and treatment improvements, is decreasing. @entity5 characteristics, radiation, @entity7730 , antibody treatment as well as endocrine treatment have been included into the adjuvant clinical treatment setting. Some but not all of these @entity5 -specific treatments interfere with bone turnover, leading to an accelerated @entity604 referred to as @entity5 treatment-induced @entity604 (CTIBL). Whereas @entity7730 leads to an unspecific increase in bone resorption, AI reduces residual serum endogenous @entity172 level and is associated with a decrease in @entity79 and increased @entity174 risk. Independent of the type of AI administered, @entity604 is 2-3-fold increased compared with healthy, age-matched postmenopausal controls. Therefore, several guidelines have emerged to help managing CTIBL in @entity1 with @entity0 including strategies to identify and treat those at highest risk for @entity174 . This review summarizes the current knowledge on CTIBL and fracturing risk and indicates preventative strategies.

title: Cancer Treatment-Induced @entity604 in XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Midgut @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with extensive mesenteric lymph node and liver @entity3 . Even with skillful surgical dissection, macro and microscopic @entity66 at the dissection site remains a possibility. We hypothesize these potential @entity5 residuals in mesenteric lymph node dissection beds can be eliminated safely by a local application of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). We describe a novel technique invented by the author to treat these micro and macro residuals. METHODS: Retrospectively, charts of 62 consecutive midgut @entity5 @entity1 with boggy mesenteric @entity3329 who underwent cytoreductive debulking surgeries from 1/2007 to 12/2009 were reviewed. A total of 32 @entity1 received an intraoperative application of @entity1487 saturated gelfoam strips secured into the mesenteric defect following the extensive lymphadenectomy. A total of 30 untreated @entity1 served as a control. RESULTS: The 5-year survival after cytoreductive surgeries was 22/32 (68.8%) for the treated group, vs. 20/30 (66.7%) for the control. Six @entity1 (6/32, 18.8%) among the study group required additional debulking surgeries, vs. 16 @entity1 (16/30, 53.3%) in the control group. Upon reoperation, loco-regional recurrence was noted in 9 of the 16 @entity1 (56.3%) in the control group, vs. only 2/6 (33.3%) of treated @entity1 . Overall, local recurrence rate is 6.25% (2/32) in the treated group vs. 30% (9/30) in the control group. @entity532 rates are similar in the two arms. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative application of chemotherapy is a safe and effective adjuvant to reduce local recurrence and the need of reoperation by the tumoricidal or tumorstatic effects of @entity1487 on any potential microscopic @entity66 after extensive cytoreductive surgeries in advanced stage @entity5 @entity1 with mesenteric lymph node @entity3 . It provides @entity1 with sustained, slow releasing, high dose of @entity1487 within the surgical bed with a negligible side effect profile. Further studies are required to evaluate its effect on long term survival.

title: Adjuvant intraoperative post-dissectional @entity5 bed chemotherapy-A novel approach in treating midgut XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'tumor', 'NET']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-op complication']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Midgut @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with extensive mesenteric lymph node and liver @entity3 . Even with skillful surgical dissection, macro and microscopic @entity66 at the dissection site remains a possibility. We hypothesize these potential @entity5 residuals in mesenteric lymph node dissection beds can be eliminated safely by a local application of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). We describe a novel technique invented by the author to treat these micro and macro residuals. METHODS: Retrospectively, charts of 62 consecutive midgut @entity5 @entity1 with boggy mesenteric @entity3329 who underwent cytoreductive debulking surgeries from 1/2007 to 12/2009 were reviewed. A total of 32 @entity1 received an intraoperative application of @entity1487 saturated gelfoam strips secured into the mesenteric defect following the extensive lymphadenectomy. A total of 30 untreated @entity1 served as a control. RESULTS: The 5-year survival after cytoreductive surgeries was 22/32 (68.8%) for the treated group, vs. 20/30 (66.7%) for the control. Six @entity1 (6/32, 18.8%) among the study group required additional debulking surgeries, vs. 16 @entity1 (16/30, 53.3%) in the control group. Upon reoperation, loco-regional recurrence was noted in 9 of the 16 @entity1 (56.3%) in the control group, vs. only 2/6 (33.3%) of treated @entity1 . Overall, local recurrence rate is 6.25% (2/32) in the treated group vs. 30% (9/30) in the control group. @entity532 rates are similar in the two arms. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative application of chemotherapy is a safe and effective adjuvant to reduce local recurrence and the need of reoperation by the tumoricidal or tumorstatic effects of @entity1487 on any potential microscopic @entity66 after extensive cytoreductive surgeries in advanced stage @entity5 @entity1 with mesenteric lymph node @entity3 . It provides @entity1 with sustained, slow releasing, high dose of @entity1487 within the surgical bed with a negligible side effect profile. Further studies are required to evaluate its effect on long term survival.

title: Adjuvant intraoperative post-dissectional XXXX bed chemotherapy-A novel approach in treating midgut @entity5 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Appropriate management of @entity548 remains controversial largely because outcomes data are lacking. It is our hypothesis that clinical factors, such as comorbidity, @entity1344 , and timing of colonoscopy, are associated with hospital lengths of stay. METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity548 from 1993 to 2000 were reviewed and abstracted, and a Cox regression model was constructed to explore associations between time to discharge (i.e., length of stay) and clinical parameters. RESULTS: A total of 565 hospitalizations for @entity548 were examined in which mean length of stay was 6.7 days. Colonoscopy was performed during 415 hospitalizations. Approximately a third of @entity1 were discharged within 48 hours after colonoscopy. In the regression model, @entity1344 , higher comorbidity, performance of a tagged red blood cell nuclear scan, and surgery for hemostasis were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of discharge. Having a colonoscopy was associated with an increased likelihood of being discharged compared with not having a colonoscopy at any given time point during hospitalization (hazard ratio 1.5: 95% CI[1.2, 1.8]. The mean lengths of stay for @entity1 having colonoscopy within 24 hours of hospitalization was shorter than those having colonoscopy after 24 hours of hospitalization (5.4 vs. 7.2 days; p<0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity548 , earlier colonoscopy predicted earlier hospital discharge. However, colonoscopy did not necessarily lead to expedited post-procedural discharge. Although early colonoscopy appears to shorten hospital length of stay, prospective studies of inpatient colonoscopy are needed to determine the impact of this approach on outcomes.

title: Early colonoscopy for acute lower XXXX predicts shorter hospital stay: a retrospective study of experience in a single center.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['lower-GI hemorrhage', 'acute lower-GI hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['GI bleeding']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) versus nonendometrioid @entity189 (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in 154 @entity1204 was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. The expression level of @entity23106 was significantly higher in NECs than in @entity4348 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher @entity23106 expression, while an inverse trend existed in @entity4348 . @entity16106 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030), whereas such association was not present in @entity4348 . Interestingly, In @entity4348 , @entity23106 / @entity18842 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of @entity16106 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between @entity16106 and PR reached statistical significance (P = 0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between @entity23106 / @entity18842 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in @entity4348 , @entity23106 upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P = 0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in @entity4348 versus NECs. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 might be associated with hormone receptor status in @entity1204 and may possess prognostic impacts.

title: XXXX / @entity18842 and @entity16106 upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas', 'ECs']

answer: @entity23106 :: (406983,Gene) :: ['miR-200a']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) versus nonendometrioid @entity189 (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in 154 @entity1204 was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. The expression level of @entity23106 was significantly higher in NECs than in @entity4348 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher @entity23106 expression, while an inverse trend existed in @entity4348 . @entity16106 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030), whereas such association was not present in @entity4348 . Interestingly, In @entity4348 , @entity23106 / @entity18842 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of @entity16106 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between @entity16106 and PR reached statistical significance (P = 0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between @entity23106 / @entity18842 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in @entity4348 , @entity23106 upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P = 0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in @entity4348 versus NECs. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 might be associated with hormone receptor status in @entity1204 and may possess prognostic impacts.

title: @entity23106 / @entity18842 and XXXX upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in @entity1204 .

answer: @entity16106 :: (406988,Gene) :: ['miR-205']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) versus nonendometrioid @entity189 (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in 154 @entity1204 was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. The expression level of @entity23106 was significantly higher in NECs than in @entity4348 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher @entity23106 expression, while an inverse trend existed in @entity4348 . @entity16106 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030), whereas such association was not present in @entity4348 . Interestingly, In @entity4348 , @entity23106 / @entity18842 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of @entity16106 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between @entity16106 and PR reached statistical significance (P = 0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between @entity23106 / @entity18842 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in @entity4348 , @entity23106 upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P = 0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in @entity4348 versus NECs. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 might be associated with hormone receptor status in @entity1204 and may possess prognostic impacts.

title: @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinomas']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) versus nonendometrioid @entity189 (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in 154 @entity1204 was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. The expression level of @entity23106 was significantly higher in NECs than in @entity4348 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher @entity23106 expression, while an inverse trend existed in @entity4348 . @entity16106 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030), whereas such association was not present in @entity4348 . Interestingly, In @entity4348 , @entity23106 / @entity18842 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of @entity16106 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between @entity16106 and PR reached statistical significance (P = 0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between @entity23106 / @entity18842 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in @entity4348 , @entity23106 upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P = 0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in @entity4348 versus NECs. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 might be associated with hormone receptor status in @entity1204 and may possess prognostic impacts.

title: @entity23106 / XXXX and @entity16106 upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in @entity1204 .

answer: @entity18842 :: (406933,Gene) :: ['miR-141']


abstract: Nonspecific clinical presentation of non-infectious, immune-mediated pulmonary complications of etanercept therapy makes the diagnosis difficult. While bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell analysis is frequently used in diagnosing drug-induced @entity358 , BALF patterns in etanercept-induced @entity651 (EILI) are not well established. Furthermore, previous reports of EILI diagnosis relied on transbronchial or surgical lung biopsies. Here, we report two @entity1 who developed @entity358 after etanercept treatment. Both @entity1 were diagnosed with EILI. While one @entity1 presented with @entity404 (+)-predominant @entity3794 (consistent with a sarcoid-like pattern), the other @entity1 exhibited a @entity405 (+)-predominant pattern (consistent with @entity56 ). The different BAL patterns were accompanied by distinct radiographic findings. Both @entity1 significantly improved after etanercept discontinuation and corticosteroid initiation. We propose that EILI can present with distinct immunologic and radiographic phenotypes. In addition, early BALF analysis with lymphocyte immunophenotyping can further define the underlying @entity1200 , and thereby, avoid more invasive procedures.

title: Distinct immunologic and radiographic patterns in etanercept-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like reaction']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between the angle of the pancreaticobiliary junction ( @entity29110 ) and the prevalence of acute @entity788 using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2014 to October 2014, thirty two subjects with normal pancreas (group A) and 40 @entity1 with acute @entity788 (group B) who underwent MRCP were enrolled into our study. The type of biliary duct and main pancreatic duct joining the duodenal wall was reviewed and divided into V, B-P and P-B type. The V type is the pancreatic duct and biliary duct joining the duodenal wall without a common channel; the B-P type is the biliary duct draining into the pancreatic duct and forming a common channel; and the P-B type is the pancreatic duct draining into the biliary duct and forming a common channel. @entity29110 was measured on MRCP. The correlation between the @entity29110 and the prevalence of acute @entity788 was analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity29110 in group A was smaller than in group B (51.45    13.51   vs. 65.76    15.61  , P<0.05). According to the type of biliary duct and main pancreatic duct joining the duodenal wall, the prevalence of acute @entity788 in the V type and in the B-P type was higher than in the P-B type (12/17 vs. 10/29, or 18/26 vs. 10/29, respectively, all P<0.05), whereas there were no significant difference for the prevalence of acute @entity788 between the V type and B-P type (P>0.05). The @entity29110 were 59.32    20.04  , 60.22    11.06  , 57.13    17.27  , respectively in V type, B-P type and P-B type joining of main pancreatic duct (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A larger @entity29110 is related to a higher prevalence of acute @entity788 .

title: The angle of pancreaticobiliary junction correlates with acute XXXX : a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity8479 and @entity8479 (IAH/ACS) are life-threatening conditions and caused by several clinical status. Although there is insufficient data regarding its effects on adrenal glands. This study aimed to identify whether elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) caused any alteration on the morphology and function of adrenal glands in a @entity35 model. Twenty four Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were included in the study. Animals were allocated into 4 groups. IAP was elevated to 15 mmHg for one hour and four hours in group 2 and 4. Group 1 and 3 were sham groups. Blood samples were taken for the assessment of plasma @entity1425 , @entity1063 , and @entity2819 levels and adrenalectomies were performed to evaluate apoptosis. Blood @entity1425 , @entity1063 and @entity2819 levels were significantly higher in the study groups compared with the sham groups. However, there were no significant changes in apoptotic index scores in the study groups as compared to sham groups. These results support that increased IAH leads to discharge of @entity5733 and @entity2819 from the adrenal glands. Failure to demonstrate similar changes in apoptotic index score may be concluded as apoptosis is not a leading pathway for impairment of adrenal glands during IAH period.

title: Effects of intra-abdominal pressure on adrenal gland function and morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'Intra-abdominal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity2220 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity242 . A 72-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity4562 for @entity2220 positive for the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation @entity9512 , and had multiple bone @entity3 . The @entity2220 and @entity3 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity5 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity5 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity5 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity876 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity470 , but were negative for @entity7457 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity242 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity470 and @entity876 that were of the same type as the @entity2 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity2220 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity4562 could not be found in the proximal @entity5 . The @entity1 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of @entity470 and XXXX mutation-positive metastatic @entity2220 , masquerading as a primary @entity242 of the proximal femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['femoral tumor', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lungs', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['TP53']


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity2220 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity242 . A 72-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity4562 for @entity2220 positive for the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation @entity9512 , and had multiple bone @entity3 . The @entity2220 and @entity3 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity5 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity5 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity5 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity876 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity470 , but were negative for @entity7457 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity242 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity470 and @entity876 that were of the same type as the @entity2 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity2220 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity4562 could not be found in the proximal @entity5 . The @entity1 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of @entity470 and @entity876 mutation-positive metastatic XXXX , masquerading as a primary @entity242 of the proximal femur.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lungs']


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity2220 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity242 . A 72-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity4562 for @entity2220 positive for the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation @entity9512 , and had multiple bone @entity3 . The @entity2220 and @entity3 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity5 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity5 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity5 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity876 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity470 , but were negative for @entity7457 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity242 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity470 and @entity876 that were of the same type as the @entity2 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity2220 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity4562 could not be found in the proximal @entity5 . The @entity1 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of XXXX and @entity876 mutation-positive metastatic @entity2220 , masquerading as a primary @entity242 of the proximal femur.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: We investigated a case of metastatic @entity2220 at the left proximal femur, masquerading as a primary @entity242 . A 72-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity158 in her left thigh in conjunction with a mass that had been gradually growing over a few months. She was being treated with @entity4562 for @entity2220 positive for the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation @entity9512 , and had multiple bone @entity3 . The @entity2220 and @entity3 had stabilized with the treatment. The metastatic lesions in the bone had also received radiation; however, a @entity5 in the proximal femur kept growing despite treatment. A biopsy specimen from the proximal femur revealed the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells without an epithelial glandular component. The @entity1 underwent en bloc resection of the proximal femur that was replaced by prosthesis. Histologically, the resected @entity5 was entirely composed of pleomorphic cells and @entity5 giant cells exhibiting no apparent glandular structures. @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity876 and focally positive for epithelial markers and @entity470 , but were negative for @entity7457 , suggesting an initial diagnosis of primary @entity242 . Genetic examination revealed mutations in @entity470 and @entity876 that were of the same type as the @entity2 , leading to the final diagnosis of the femoral mass as a sarcomatous transformation of metastatic @entity2220 . However, secondary genetic alterations that might explain the acquired resistance to @entity4562 could not be found in the proximal @entity5 . The @entity1 remains alive and the remaining lesions are well controlled.

title: Sarcomatous transformation of @entity470 and @entity876 mutation-positive metastatic @entity2220 , masquerading as a primary XXXX of the proximal femur.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate the predictive factors indicating strangulation, and the requirement for surgery in @entity1 with acute mechanical @entity1321 due to adhesions. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the records of @entity1 with adhesive acute mechanical @entity1321 . The surgical treatment (group S), conservative treatment (group C), intraoperative @entity63 (group I), and intraoperative adhesion only (group A) groups were statistically evaluated according to the diagnostic and surgical parameters. RESULTS: The study group of 252 @entity1 consisted of 113 @entity1 (44.8%), and 139 @entity1 (55.2%). The mean age was 62.79    18.08 years (range, 20-98 years). Group S consisted of 50 @entity1 (19.8%), and 202 (80.2%) were in group C. Group I consisted of 19 @entity1 (38%), where as 31 (62%) were in group A. In group S, the prehospital symptomatic period was longer, incidence of @entity221 was increased, and elevated CRP levels were significant (P < 0.05). Plain abdominal radiography, and abdominal computerized tomography were significantly sensitive for strangulation (P < 0.05). The elderly were more prone to strangulation (P < 0.05). Fever, rebound tendernes, and @entity1133 _ @entity1011 levels were significantly higher in the presence of strangulation (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, consecutively). CONCLUSION: Fever, rebound tenderness, @entity1133 _ @entity1011 levels, plain abdominal radiography, and abdominal computerized tomography images were important indicators of @entity63 . Longer prehospital symptomatic period was related with a tendency for surgical treatment, and the elderly were more prone to strangulation. CRP detection was considered to be useful for the decision of surgery, but not significantly predictive for strangulation.

title: Surgical indicators for the operative treatment of acute mechanical XXXX due to adhesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['intestinal obstruction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Challenging iliac anatomy remains an important issue during @entity439 repair (EVAR), and it is known that the length of the common iliac artery (CIA) is shorter in Asians than in Western groups. We analyzed both the iliac anatomy and the incidence of adjunctive maneuvers to overcome iliac artery-related difficulties during EVAR. METHODS: Seventy-four EVARs were performed for @entity1028 between January 2010 and March 2013. @entity1 demographic data, iliac anatomical characteristics (presence of @entity1029 , iliac artery diameter and length, and iliac tortuosity), and adjunctive iliac artery maneuvers were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Mean CIA length was 52.8 mm (range, 6.6-98.0 mm) on the right and 56.3 mm (range, 0-94.8 mm) on the left. CIA length was >= 20 mm, except in one @entity1 with bilateral short CIAs. Forty @entity1 (54%) had a CIA @entity439 , and 18 had @entity439 on both sides. Iliac adjunctive procedures were performed in 38 @entity1 (51%) as follows: 23 internal iliac artery (IIA) embolizations or ligations, seven IIA revascularizations, 16 external iliac artery (EIA) balloon angioplasties or stenting, one EIA patch angioplasty, one EIA interposition, two femoral endarterectomies with patch angioplasty, and nine femoro-femoral bypasses after EVAR with an aorto-uni-iliac device. Technical success for the adjunctive iliac procedures was achieved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Short CIA length was uncommon. Although many @entity1 had access-related difficulties, most were overcome by an endovascular or hybrid technique. Liberal use of iliac adjunctive procedures can facilitate EVAR.

title: Iliac anatomy and the incidence of adjunctive maneuvers during XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Ultrasound investigation of the hip according to @entity20661 is performed, whenever possible, as a routine screening test for @entity572 and @entity3029 in neonates. However, in spite of screening, @entity572 and/or @entity3029 is identified in a number of @entity1 after the third month of life only. The present study presents an analysis of reasons and causes. Between August 1999 and July 2001 @entity1 aged between six months and five years were documented, in whom the diagnosis of @entity572 or @entity3029 was made, despite normal ultrasound findings at primary investigation and who required non operative or operative treatment by a specialist surgeon working in Switzerland in paediatric orthopaedics. The study included 26 @entity1 (17 @entity1 / 9 @entity1 ). @entity572 and/or @entity3029 was diagnosed between the age of 6 days and 41 months. Twelve @entity1 had to be excluded from the sample (n = 26), four were @entity1 who had basic @entity16 or @entity156 and there were eight @entity1 from abroad whose original documentation could not be obtained. Analysis of the remaining 14 @entity1 showed that 43% were misdiagnosed (n = 6) and a treatment error occurred in 36% (n = 5) of cases. One @entity1 presented with a teratogenic @entity572 . In two other @entity1 with normal primary ultrasound findings, @entity572 was identified radiographically once the @entity1 started to walk. Delayed diagnosis can be the result of @entity2246 . The six @entity1 meeting the criteria of misinterpretation can be expressed as a rate of 0.04% of all births. However, even if the disorder is correctly diagnosed, its identification and treatment may be inadequate or fail to produce the desired results. This was the case for five of the @entity1 , that is, for a rate of 0.03% of births.

title: Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of @entity572 and dysplasia in populations screened by the ultrasound method of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['technical errors or misinterpretation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'Hip dysplasia', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity20661 :: (23092,Gene) :: ['Graf']


abstract: Ultrasound investigation of the hip according to @entity20661 is performed, whenever possible, as a routine screening test for @entity572 and @entity3029 in neonates. However, in spite of screening, @entity572 and/or @entity3029 is identified in a number of @entity1 after the third month of life only. The present study presents an analysis of reasons and causes. Between August 1999 and July 2001 @entity1 aged between six months and five years were documented, in whom the diagnosis of @entity572 or @entity3029 was made, despite normal ultrasound findings at primary investigation and who required non operative or operative treatment by a specialist surgeon working in Switzerland in paediatric orthopaedics. The study included 26 @entity1 (17 @entity1 / 9 @entity1 ). @entity572 and/or @entity3029 was diagnosed between the age of 6 days and 41 months. Twelve @entity1 had to be excluded from the sample (n = 26), four were @entity1 who had basic @entity16 or @entity156 and there were eight @entity1 from abroad whose original documentation could not be obtained. Analysis of the remaining 14 @entity1 showed that 43% were misdiagnosed (n = 6) and a treatment error occurred in 36% (n = 5) of cases. One @entity1 presented with a teratogenic @entity572 . In two other @entity1 with normal primary ultrasound findings, @entity572 was identified radiographically once the @entity1 started to walk. Delayed diagnosis can be the result of @entity2246 . The six @entity1 meeting the criteria of misinterpretation can be expressed as a rate of 0.04% of all births. However, even if the disorder is correctly diagnosed, its identification and treatment may be inadequate or fail to produce the desired results. This was the case for five of the @entity1 , that is, for a rate of 0.03% of births.

title: Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX and dysplasia in populations screened by the ultrasound method of @entity20661 .

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many of thoracic minimally invasive interventions have been proven to be possible without general anesthesia. This article presents results of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) application under local anesthesia in @entity1 with lung abscesses and discusses its indications in detail. METHODS: The study involved prospective analysis of treatment outcomes for all acute @entity358 (AIPD) @entity1 undergoing VATS under local anesthesia and sedation since January 1, 2010, till December 31, 2013. @entity1 with @entity358 at periphery of large size (>5 cm) underwent non-intubated video abscessoscopy (NIVAS). @entity1 with pyopneumothorax (lung abscess penetration into @entity1143 ) underwent non-intubated video thoracoscopy (NIVTS). Indications for NIVAS and NIVTS were as follows: cavity debridement and washing, necrotic sequestra removal, adhesion split, biopsy. All interventions were done under local anesthesia and sedation without @entity825 intubation and epidural anesthesia. RESULTS: Sixty-five enrolled @entity1 had 42 NIVAS and 32 NIVTS interventions, nine @entity1 underwent two surgeries. None of the @entity1 required @entity825 intubation or epidural anesthesia. In none of our cases with conversion to thoracotomy was required. Post-surgical complications developed after 11 interventions (13%): @entity9285 (five cases), chest wall phlegmon (three cases), @entity548 (two cases), and pneumothorax (one case). One @entity1 died due to the main disease progression. In 50 @entity1 NIVAS and NIVTS were done within 5 to 8 days after abscess/ @entity1143 draining, while in other 15 @entity1 -immediately prior to draining; both @entity548 episodes and all cases of chest wall phlegmon took place in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: NIVAS and NIVTS under local anesthesia and sedation are well tolerated by @entity1 , safe and should be used more often in AIPD cases. Timing of NIVAS and NIVTS procedures was found to be of paramount importance for ensuring complete therapeutic effectiveness.

title: Awake video-assisted thoracic surgery in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary destruction cavity', 'infectious pulmonary destruction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['infectious pulmonary destruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of increasing inferior vena cava blood flow by means of distal @entity2548 on the patency of a peritoneal tube graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 16 mongrel @entity235 , a 3-4 cm long circular defect was created at the infrarenal inferior vena cava. The defect was interposed with peritoneal tube graft. A temporary distal femoro-femoral @entity2548 was also constructed in 8 @entity235 just after the caval interposition. Graft patency was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography and angiography. Histological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Seven @entity235 in each group survived. All control grafts occluded within the first week, compared to no occlusions in @entity292 group (Fisher's exact test, p<0.005). However one ' @entity292 ' @entity235 with a still patent graft was sacrificed on the 18th day due to ultrasonographically occluded @entity2548 . CONCLUSION: In @entity235 , the peritoneum may be used as graft material for reconstruction of the inferior vena cava, provided a distal @entity2548 is constructed.

title: Reconstruction of the vena cava with the peritoneum: the effect of temporary distal XXXX on patency (an experimental study).

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of endothelins-3 (ET-3) immunoactivity in hippocampal @entity4778 of ovariectomied (OVX) @entity19 after @entity63 /reperfusion (IR), and to further explore the relationship between @entity172 and ET-3. METHODS: Fifty-four adult female @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1. IR group: the bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO) was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion. 2. OVX/IR group: firstly the ovariectomy was performed, and after a week, BCCO was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion (each time spot, n = 6). 3. sham-operated group (n = 6). RESULTS: Few ET-3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in the hippocampal @entity4778 region in the control group, whereas the expression of ET-3 increased in the experimental groups. The number of ET-3 positive cells significantly increased in the OVX/IR group compared with that of the IR group 1 d after the reperfusion (P < 0.01). It reached the maximum in both the OVX/IR and IR group on the 5th day of the reperfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity172 is involved in the regulation of ET-3 in the early stage of the reperfusion, and probably plays a protective role in the survival of neurons.

title: [Expression of ET-3 in hippocampal XXXX of ovariectomied @entity19 after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity4778 :: (12346(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of endothelins-3 (ET-3) immunoactivity in hippocampal @entity4778 of ovariectomied (OVX) @entity19 after @entity63 /reperfusion (IR), and to further explore the relationship between @entity172 and ET-3. METHODS: Fifty-four adult female @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 groups. 1. IR group: the bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO) was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion. 2. OVX/IR group: firstly the ovariectomy was performed, and after a week, BCCO was carried out for 7 min on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 14th day of reperfusion (each time spot, n = 6). 3. sham-operated group (n = 6). RESULTS: Few ET-3 positive cells were diffusely distributed in the hippocampal @entity4778 region in the control group, whereas the expression of ET-3 increased in the experimental groups. The number of ET-3 positive cells significantly increased in the OVX/IR group compared with that of the IR group 1 d after the reperfusion (P < 0.01). It reached the maximum in both the OVX/IR and IR group on the 5th day of the reperfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity172 is involved in the regulation of ET-3 in the early stage of the reperfusion, and probably plays a protective role in the survival of neurons.

title: [Expression of ET-3 in hippocampal @entity4778 of ovariectomied XXXX after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: This study investigated the effects of three intracoronal bleaching techniques on the color and microhardness changes of @entity1 dentin and compared them to a control group. Twenty-four dentin slabs were derived from extracted @entity1347 and evenly distributed among four groups. The pulpal surface of each dentin slab was treated with one of the following bleaching techniques: thermocatalytic treatment with 30% @entity273 , walking bleaching with 2% @entity14502 and a combination treatment that uses both methods. In the control group, the specimens were treated with distilled water. All specimens were subjected to repeated treatment with fresh bleaching pastes on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. During the experimental period, all specimens were placed in individual vials maintained at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. CIELab color parameters and microhardness (VHN) were evaluated prior to the experiments and seven days after each treatment. All bleaching treatments effectively increased L* values and decreased b* values of dentin. Thermocatalytic bleaching significantly reduced dentin @entity3358 to half its original value after four treatment cycles; whereas, treatment with either walking bleaching or the combined technique did not significantly affect dentin @entity3358 . Because the combination treatment had shown great bleaching efficacy, it can serve as an alternative approach for severely stained teeth.

title: Microhardness and color changes of XXXX dentin with repeated intracoronal bleaching.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity14502 :: ('MESH:C027707', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium perborate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess GH secretion, as occurs in @entity2012 , is associated with @entity79 markers and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). GH administration in @entity2338 @entity1 causes an @entity79 . @entity442 mediates many of the metabolic actions of GH, although GH may have direct effects upon bone. In @entity1 with @entity2012 who are treated with a @entity9045 antagonist, selective blockade of the @entity9045 results in a decrease in circulating @entity442 levels in the majority of cases. We hypothesized that, in @entity2012 , antagonism of GH receptors would result in a decrease in serum markers of bone turnover, including serum procollagen I @entity1473 -terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin and @entity31095 (NTx). DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity2012 were enrolled as part of a multicentre 12-week trial of a @entity9045 antagonist and were randomized to placebo (n = 7) or 10, 15 or 20 mg of pegvisomant (n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Serum markers of bone turnover were determined at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline bone turnover markers were above the upper limit of normal in 23%, 19% and 32% of subjects for osteocalcin, PICP and NTx, respectively. During the 12-week placebo-controlled period, there were significant decreases in serum markers of bone formation, osteocalcin (-2.2 +/- 0.44 vs. placebo +0.01 +/- 0.39 nmol/l, P = 0.009) and PICP (-23.6 +/- 9.6 vs. placebo +18.1 +/- 12.8 micro g/l, P = 0.022) and a serum marker of bone resorption, NTx (-4.4 +/- 1.4, placebo +1.0 +/- 0.3 nm, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Using a specific @entity9045 antagonist, we found that normalization of @entity442 is associated with rapid reductions in markers of both bone formation and resorption, and that these processes remain coupled. These data confirm the highly significant effects of GH and @entity442 in modulating bone turnover. The independent contributions of GH and @entity442 to these effects and the long-term effects on @entity79 in this population remain to be determined.

title: Effects of a XXXX antagonist on bone markers in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficient']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increase in bone turnover', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'abnormalities in bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity31095 :: ('MESH:C052929', 'Chemical') :: ['N-telopeptide']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity9045 :: (2690,Gene) :: ['growth hormone receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excess GH secretion, as occurs in @entity2012 , is associated with @entity79 markers and @entity79 ( @entity79 ). GH administration in @entity2338 @entity1 causes an @entity79 . @entity442 mediates many of the metabolic actions of GH, although GH may have direct effects upon bone. In @entity1 with @entity2012 who are treated with a @entity9045 antagonist, selective blockade of the @entity9045 results in a decrease in circulating @entity442 levels in the majority of cases. We hypothesized that, in @entity2012 , antagonism of GH receptors would result in a decrease in serum markers of bone turnover, including serum procollagen I @entity1473 -terminal propeptide (PICP), osteocalcin and @entity31095 (NTx). DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity2012 were enrolled as part of a multicentre 12-week trial of a @entity9045 antagonist and were randomized to placebo (n = 7) or 10, 15 or 20 mg of pegvisomant (n = 20). MEASUREMENTS: Serum markers of bone turnover were determined at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Baseline bone turnover markers were above the upper limit of normal in 23%, 19% and 32% of subjects for osteocalcin, PICP and NTx, respectively. During the 12-week placebo-controlled period, there were significant decreases in serum markers of bone formation, osteocalcin (-2.2 +/- 0.44 vs. placebo +0.01 +/- 0.39 nmol/l, P = 0.009) and PICP (-23.6 +/- 9.6 vs. placebo +18.1 +/- 12.8 micro g/l, P = 0.022) and a serum marker of bone resorption, NTx (-4.4 +/- 1.4, placebo +1.0 +/- 0.3 nm, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Using a specific @entity9045 antagonist, we found that normalization of @entity442 is associated with rapid reductions in markers of both bone formation and resorption, and that these processes remain coupled. These data confirm the highly significant effects of GH and @entity442 in modulating bone turnover. The independent contributions of GH and @entity442 to these effects and the long-term effects on @entity79 in this population remain to be determined.

title: Effects of a @entity9045 antagonist on bone markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3296 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3296 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3296 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity4191 @entity36885 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity1388 was tested by the standard of @entity3297 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1141 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity17237 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1141 by the standard of @entity3297 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity1 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1141 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity4191 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity1 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity4191 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity1 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity4191 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity1 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1141 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity1 , a decreased risk of @entity1141 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity1388 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity1 with high-loaded @entity1388 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity4191 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3296 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity4191 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1141 .

title: Modifying Role of @entity4191 Polymorphism on the Association between Tea XXXX Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type @entity3296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Skeletal fluorosis', 'skeletal fluorosis', 'tea type skeletal fluorosis']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['Fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3296 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3296 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3296 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity4191 @entity36885 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity1388 was tested by the standard of @entity3297 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1141 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity17237 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1141 by the standard of @entity3297 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity1 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1141 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity4191 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity1 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity4191 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity1 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity4191 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity1 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1141 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity1 , a decreased risk of @entity1141 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity1388 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity1 with high-loaded @entity1388 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity4191 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3296 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity4191 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1141 .

title: Modifying Role of XXXX Polymorphism on the Association between Tea @entity1388 Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type @entity3296 .

answer: @entity4191 :: (2950,Gene) :: ['GSTP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brick tea type @entity3296 is a public health concern in the north-west area of China. The association between SNPs of genes influencing bone mass and @entity3296 has attracted attention, but the association of SNPs with the risk of brick-tea type of @entity3296 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modifying roles of @entity4191 @entity36885 polymorphisms on this association. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Brick-tea water was tested by the standard of GB1996-2005 (China). Urinary @entity1388 was tested by the standard of @entity3297 /T 89-2006 (China). @entity1141 was diagnosed by X-ray, the part we scheduled was forearm, @entity17237 , and pelvic, then diagnosed the @entity1141 by the standard of @entity3297 /192-2008 (China). Gene polymorphism was tested by Sequenom MassARRAY system. RESULT: The prevalence rate in different ethnical @entity1 was different: Tibetan individuals had the highest prevalence rate of @entity1141 . There were significant differences in genotype frequencies of @entity4191 Rs1695 among different ethnical @entity1 (p<0.001): Tibetan, Mongolian and Han subjects with homozygous wild type ( @entity4191 -AA) genotype were numerically higher than Kazakh and Russian subjects (p<0.001). Compared to Tibetan @entity1 who carried homozygous A allele of @entity4191 Rs1695, Tibetan @entity1 who carried G allele had a significantly decreased risk of @entity1141 (OR = 0.558 [95% CI, 0.326-0.955]). For Kazakh @entity1 , a decreased risk of @entity1141 among carriers of the G allele was limited to non high-loaded @entity1388 status (OR = 0. 166 [95% CI, 0.035-0.780] vs. OR = 1.478 [95% CI, 0.866-2.552] in @entity1 with high-loaded @entity1388 status). Neither SNP-IF nor SNP-age for @entity4191 Rs1695 was observed. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of the brick tea type @entity3296 might have ethnic difference. For Tibetan individuals, who had the highest prevalence rate, G allele of @entity4191 Rs1695 might be a protective factor for brick @entity1141 .

title: Modifying Role of @entity4191 Polymorphism on the Association between Tea @entity1388 Exposure and the Brick-Tea Type XXXX .

answer: @entity3296 :: (MESH:D009050,Disease) :: ['Fluorosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if intravesically administered recombinant @entity379 may serve as adjuvant first line treatment in prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 by reducing its risk for recurrence, in the short term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 @entity1 (43 males and 11 females) with superficial @entity150 (Ta/T1) initially treated with transurethral resection for their @entity5 were randomized into two groups: Twenty-eight @entity1 were left untreated after the transurethral resection (controls) whereas 26 @entity1 received intravesical @entity379 adjuvantly, at a dosage of 0.7 mg per week for 8 weeks. @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity189 in situ were excluded. The follow up had a mean time of 12.1 months. Recurrence or progression, as terminal events of the study, were recorded. The comparison of the recurrences between the two groups was performed by estimating: (a) the simple recurrence rate, and (b) the interval to @entity5 recurrence in each group. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was detected in 24 controls (86%) and in 16 (62%) @entity1 of the @entity379 group (p = 0.043). The comparison of the Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival curves between the two groups of @entity1 indicated that intravesical instillations of @entity379 exerted a continuous protective effect to those who received the agent, in the follow up period (p = 0.0237). No serious side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesically administered @entity379 has a demonstrable protective role as first line adjuvant treatment in superficial @entity150 . This role is mainly focused on prevention of recurrences in the short term. Further prospective studies with longer follow up are required, in order to define the exact place of the drug in the urologist's armamentarium.

title: Intravesical instillations of @entity379 in the prophylaxis of high risk superficial XXXX --results of a controlled prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'G1 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon (IFN) gamma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if intravesically administered recombinant @entity379 may serve as adjuvant first line treatment in prophylaxis of superficial @entity150 by reducing its risk for recurrence, in the short term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 54 @entity1 (43 males and 11 females) with superficial @entity150 (Ta/T1) initially treated with transurethral resection for their @entity5 were randomized into two groups: Twenty-eight @entity1 were left untreated after the transurethral resection (controls) whereas 26 @entity1 received intravesical @entity379 adjuvantly, at a dosage of 0.7 mg per week for 8 weeks. @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity189 in situ were excluded. The follow up had a mean time of 12.1 months. Recurrence or progression, as terminal events of the study, were recorded. The comparison of the recurrences between the two groups was performed by estimating: (a) the simple recurrence rate, and (b) the interval to @entity5 recurrence in each group. RESULTS: Tumor recurrence was detected in 24 controls (86%) and in 16 (62%) @entity1 of the @entity379 group (p = 0.043). The comparison of the Kaplan-Meier disease-free survival curves between the two groups of @entity1 indicated that intravesical instillations of @entity379 exerted a continuous protective effect to those who received the agent, in the follow up period (p = 0.0237). No serious side-effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesically administered @entity379 has a demonstrable protective role as first line adjuvant treatment in superficial @entity150 . This role is mainly focused on prevention of recurrences in the short term. Further prospective studies with longer follow up are required, in order to define the exact place of the drug in the urologist's armamentarium.

title: Intravesical instillations of XXXX in the prophylaxis of high risk superficial @entity150 --results of a controlled prospective study.

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon gamma']


abstract: Biomaterials have been shown to be able to influence the growth and differentiation of osteogenic cells cultured on the surface. Although the precise mechanisms by which the materials influence osteogenic cells are unclear, it is possible that the materials manipulate the expression of integrins by the cells. We therefore studied the expression of a number of integrins by @entity35 bone marrow (RBM) cells, after culture on culture @entity852 , on machined and grit-blasted @entity702 , and on @entity78 -coated @entity702 . Integrin expression was studied by FACS analysis. We found a large variation in the expression of integrins by cells in replicate experiments. After culture on @entity852 for 7 days, cells expressed alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, beta1, and beta3, although some of the subunits were expressed only occasionally. The cells did not express the alpha4 subunit. After culture of RBM cells for 8 days on coated and noncoated @entity702 substrates, cells always expressed alpha3, alpha5, alpha6, and beta1. The alpha1 and beta3 subunits were only expressed in some of the experiments. Frequently, the expression of alpha5, alpha6, and beta1 was higher on the coated than on the noncoated @entity702 substrates. Based on our results, we conclude that the studied materials are capable of influencing the expression of integrins by RBM cells cultured on relevant implant materials.

title: Modulation of integrin expression on XXXX bone marrow cells by substrates with different surface characteristics.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) stimulates autophagy in different cellular systems, but it remains controversial if this rule can be generalized. We have analyzed the effect of chronic @entity66 induced by the @entity191 toxin @entity6453 (PQ) on autophagy in @entity816 cells and primary astrocytes, which represent the first cellular target of neurotoxins in the brain. PQ decreased the basal levels of @entity21684 -II and @entity21684 -positive vesicles, and its colocalization with lysosomal markers, both in the absence and presence of @entity503 . This was paralleled by increased number and size of @entity16402 / @entity16402 aggregates. Downregulation of autophagy was also observed in cells chronically exposed to @entity273 or nonlethal concentrations of PQ, and it was associated with a reduced astrocyte capability to protect dopaminergic cells from @entity66 in co-cultures. Surprisingly, PQ treatment led to inhibition of @entity19213 , activation of @entity4675 / @entity4675 and @entity3963 / @entity3963 - @entity12206 / @entity12206 and upregulation of @entity8783 / @entity8783 expression, all signals typically correlating with induction of autophagy. Reduction of @entity66 by NMDPEF, a specific @entity64277 inhibitor, but not by @entity898 , abrogated the inhibitory effect of PQ and restored autophagic flux. Activation of @entity64277 by PQ or @entity8197 and genetic manipulation of its expression confirmed the role of this enzyme in the inhibitory action of PQ on autophagy. PQ did not induce @entity13791 / @entity13791 , but when it was co-administered with NMDPEF @entity13791 activity was enhanced in a @entity16402 -independent fashion. Thus, a prolonged @entity66 in astrocytes inhibits @entity21684 lipidation and impairs autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, in spite of concomitant activation of several pro-autophagic signals. These findings outline an unanticipated neuroprotective role of astrocyte autophagy and identify in @entity64277 a novel pharmacological target for its positive modulation.

title: Parkinsonian toxin-induced oxidative stress inhibits basal autophagy in astrocytes via XXXX /quinone oxidoreductase 2: Implications for neuroprotection.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity64277 :: (4835,Gene) :: ['NQO2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypnotherapy is an effective treatment in @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). It is often delivered by a psychotherapist and is costly and time consuming. Nurse-administered hypnotherapy could increase availability and reduce costs. In this study the authors evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-administered, gut-directed hypnotherapy and identify factors predicting treatment outcome. Eighty-five @entity1 were included in the study. @entity1 received hypnotherapy by a nurse once/week for 12  weeks. @entity1 reported marked improvement in @entity344 after treatment, as well as a reduction in GI-specific @entity148 , general @entity148 , and @entity308 . Fifty-eight percent were responders after the 12  weeks treatment period, and of these 82% had a favorable clinical response already at week 6. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to respond favorably to the treatment. Nurse-administered hypnotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity1744 . Being female and reporting a favorable response to treatment by week 6 predicted a positive treatment response at the end of the 12  weeks treatment period.

title: Nurse-Administered, Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy in XXXX : Efficacy and Factors Predicting a Positive Response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-colonic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['IBS']


abstract: We describe two new resected cases of primary @entity358 and the review of cases published in the period 1954-2002. The first @entity1 has a large pulmonary mass of the right apex revealed by @entity158 . The right upper lobectomy with free margins reveals @entity2698 . Pelvic and pulmonary @entity3 appear two years after surgery, treated by two series of chemotherapy without clinical response. After acute nephrotoxicity controlled by hemodialysis, the @entity1 dies with distant @entity3 three years and an half after thoracotomy. The second @entity1 develops dry cough and @entity158 with discovery of a cavitary mass in the right pulmonary field. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggests a @entity75 . Three months after extended pneumonectomy, the @entity5 relapses and regresses partially under chemotherapy. Femoral and brain @entity3 are irradiated. The @entity1 dies 22 months after thoracotomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry of both @entity5 closely related to @entity5 confirm @entity13996 . Primary @entity358 is rare and may be benign or malignant. Radical resection is the best treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may improve the prognosis. Compared with @entity2 , the @entity5 is a slow growing mass, often voluminous, with delayed symptoms, very few @entity1600 , rare brain metastasis, more frequent cutaneous or retroperitoneal dissemination, often after long-term and requiring indeed a 10 to 20 years follow-up.

title: [Primary XXXX : 2 new cases].

entities_list: @entity13996 :: ('MESH:C562740', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic tumour', 'tumours', 'solitary fibrous tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node dissemination']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['scapular pain', 'thoracic pain']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The lacZ reversion assay in @entity526 measures point mutations that occur by specific base substitutions and frameshift mutations. The tester strains cannot use @entity1132 as a @entity505 source (Lac(-)), and revertants are easily detected by growth on @entity1132 medium (Lac(+)). Six strains identify the six possible base substitutions, and five strains measure +G, -G, -CG, +A and -A frameshifts. Strong mutagens give dose-dependent increases in numbers of revertants per plate and revertant frequencies. Testing compounds that are arguably nonmutagens or weakly mutagenic, we often noted statistically significant dose-dependent increases in revertant frequency that were not accompanied by an absolute increase in numbers of revertants. The increase in frequency was wholly ascribable to a declining number of viable cells owing to @entity137 . Analysis of the conditions revealed that the frequency of spontaneous revertants is higher when there are fewer viable cells per plate. The phenomenon resembles "adaptive" or "stress" mutagenesis, whereby @entity1132 revertants accumulate in Lac(-) bacteria under starvation conditions in the absence of catabolite repression. Adaptive mutation is observed after long incubation and might be expected to be irrelevant in a standard assay using 48-h incubation. However, we found that elevated revertant frequencies occur under typical assay conditions when the bacterial lawn is thin, and this can cause increases in revertant frequency that mimic chemical mutagenesis when treatments are toxic but not mutagenic. Responses that resemble chemical mutagenesis were observed in the absence of mutagenic treatment in strains that revert by different frameshift mutations. The magnitude of the artifact is affected by cell density, dilution, culture age, incubation time, catabolite repression and the age and composition of media. Although the specific reversion assay is effective for quickly distinguishing classes of mutations induced by potent mutagens, its utility for discerning effects of weak mutagens may be compromised by the artifact.

title: A source of artifact in the lacZ reversion assay in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We present a method for investigating the dynamic pharmacological modulation of @entity158 -related brain activity, measured by BOLD-contrast fMRI. Noxious thermal stimulation was combined with a single infusion and washout of @entity1937 , a short-acting opioid analgesic agent. The temporal profile of the effect site concentration of @entity1937 , estimated from a pharmacokinetic model, was incorporated into a linear model of the fMRI data. The methodology was tested in nine healthy male subjects. During each imaging session the subjects received noxious thermal stimulation to the back of the left hand, prior to infusion, during infusion to a @entity1937 effect site concentration of 1.0 ng/ml, and during washout of the @entity1937 . Infusions were repeated with saline. @entity1937 -induced @entity1337 was confirmed from subjective @entity158 intensity scores. @entity158 -related brain activity was identified in a matrix of regions using a linear model of the transient BOLD responses to noxious stimulation. Of those regions, there was a significant fractional reduction in the amplitude of the @entity158 response in the insular cortex contralateral to the stimulus, the ipsilateral insular cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. Statistical parametric mapping of the component of @entity158 responses that was linearly scaled by @entity1937 concentration confirmed the contralateral insular cortex as the @entity158 -processing region most significantly modulated by @entity1937 compared to saline. The mapping of specific modulation of @entity158 -related brain activity is directly relevant for understanding pharmacological @entity1337 . The method of examining time-dependent pharmacological modulation of specific brain activity may be generalized to other drugs that modulate brain activity other than that associated with @entity158 .

title: Combining fMRI with a pharmacokinetic model to determine which brain areas activated by painful stimulation are specifically modulated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain-related BOLD']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recently demonstrated as a promising stem cell type to rescue damaged myocardium after acute @entity1188 . One of the most important mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects is the secretion of paracrine factors. However, the expression profile of paracrine factors of MSCs in @entity1188 hearts, especially at single cell level, is poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We aimed to depict the transcriptional profile of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs in vivo, with particular interest in the comparison between normal and @entity1188 hearts. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and injected into @entity19 hearts immediately after @entity1188 surgery. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) indicated a proportion of cells still alive even up to 10 days post surgery. Paralleled with survived cells, cardiac function was significantly improved after MSC injection compared to that in PBS-injected @entity19 , indicated by MRI and histology. Despite increased number of vessels in MSC-injected hearts, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes transdifferentiation were not observed in @entity1188 hearts 5 days after @entity1188 . Furthermore, laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by high through-put real time PCR was employed in our study, uncovering that the injected MSCs, compared to local cardiomyocytes, displayed elevated levels of secreted factors. To further investigate the regulation of those factors, we performed single cell analysis to dissect the gene expression profile of MSCs at single cell level in @entity1188 and normal hearts, respectively. Consistent with the in vivo observation, a similar regulation pattern of those factors was detected in cultured MSCs under @entity519 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study, for the first time, elucidated gene expression profiles, as well as regulation of paracrine factors, of MSCs at single cell level in vivo, indicating that paracrine factors from MSCs account for the improvement of cardiac function after @entity1188 .

title: Paracrine Action of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Revealed by Single Cell Gene Profiling in Infarcted XXXX Hearts.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted', 'infarction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the @entity135 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity5 . This prospective @entity505 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity505 ion (C12) boost ( @entity18106 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity2347 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity1 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity137 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity137 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity1 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity5 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity1349 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity1 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity1349 without a significant difference between @entity1 with inoperable and partially resected @entity2347 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned XXXX ion boost for advanced @entity2347 of the @entity135 results in superior locoregional control and @entity1349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the @entity135 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity5 . This prospective @entity505 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity505 ion (C12) boost ( @entity18106 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity2347 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity1 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity137 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity137 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity1 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity5 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity1349 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity1 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity1349 without a significant difference between @entity1 with inoperable and partially resected @entity2347 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity505 ion boost for advanced @entity2347 of the @entity135 results in superior locoregional control and XXXX .

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['overall survival']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the @entity135 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity5 . This prospective @entity505 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity505 ion (C12) boost ( @entity18106 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity2347 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity1 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity137 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity137 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity1 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity5 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity1349 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity1 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity1349 without a significant difference between @entity1 with inoperable and partially resected @entity2347 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity505 ion boost for advanced @entity2347 of the XXXX results in superior locoregional control and @entity1349 .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the @entity135 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity5 . This prospective @entity505 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity505 ion (C12) boost ( @entity18106 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity2347 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity1 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity137 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity137 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity1 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity5 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity1349 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity1 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity1349 without a significant difference between @entity1 with inoperable and partially resected @entity2347 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity505 ion boost for advanced XXXX of the @entity135 results in superior locoregional control and @entity1349 .

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']