abstract: In recent years, the possible role of occupational solvent exposure as a cause of chronic effects on the brain has been a matter of increasing concern. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of further investigating this problem, trying to minimize confounding owing to effects of recent solvent exposure and a 'healthy worker' effect. This was accomplished by studying a historical cohort of painters. The material consists of a random sample of 85 painters, and as a non-exposed control group of 85 bricklayers, selected in the same way. Parts of the study are based on this sample supplemented by a sample of 9 painters and 14 bricklayers, selected among subjects with a high degree of complaints on @entity73 . On the basis of a detailed interview on previous solvent exposure, the painters were divided into three groups with low, medium and high solvent exposure, respectively. As signs of @entity75 we used the degree of @entity303 and performance in psychometric tests as assessed at a neuropsychological examination; the degree of @entity2055 as assessed from clinical neurological tests; and the degree of @entity194 as assessed from CT-scans of the brain. CT-scans were performed only on a specially selected subsample. The degree of @entity303 , @entity2055 , and @entity194 increased significantly with the degree of solvent exposure. A similar, but non-significant association was found for the relation between performance in psychometric tests and solvent exposure. The degree of @entity303 , of @entity2055 , and of @entity194 were positively associated with each other, suggesting that they reflect different aspects of a common underlying factor, an @entity75 . A review of the literature compared with the results of the present study suggests that a number of studies may have been biased towards negative findings owing to the inclusion in the study material of large proportions of subjects with a solvent exposure that is too little to increase the risk of an @entity75 . Conflicting results between different studies on performance in psychometric tests may also arise from insufficient adjustment for primary intellectual level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mixed solvent exposure and XXXX . A study of painters.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mental impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyscoordination']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['organic brain damage']


abstract: 1. @entity2227 transporters (also known as excitatory @entity535 transporters or EAAT) are solely responsible for the removal of the excitatory neurotransmitter @entity8854 ( @entity367 ) from the extracellular space and, thus, permit normal transmission, as well as preventing cell death due to the excessive activation of @entity367 receptors. 2. Five subtypes of @entity2227 transporter (EAAT1-5) exist, possessing distinct pharmacology, cellular localization and modulatory mechanisms. 3. Experimental inhibition of EAAT activity in vitro and in vivo results in increased extracellular concentrations of @entity367 and in @entity528 via excitotoxicity, highlighting the importance of EAAT in normal excitatory neurotransmission. 4. Dysfunction of EAAT may contribute to the pathology of both @entity131 and @entity14827 , so correction of EAAT function under these conditions may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy. 5. The present review describes basic pharmacological studies that allow new insights into EAAT function and suggest possible strategies for the therapeutic modulation of EAAT.

title: Roles and regulation of XXXX transporters in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neurodegenerative conditions']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1119 is a common yet poorly understood disease that is often exacerbated by emotional stress. While a psychiatric explanation of causality is frequently offered, there is little evidence to support or reject the view that the condition is primarily an @entity148 . OBJECTIVES: To quantify objectively the degree of psychopathology in @entity1 with @entity1119 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1119 were examined prior to endoscopic sympathectomies. All @entity1 took the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI) before surgery. Results were compared with established norms. RESULTS: The group scored well within established norms on both psychometric measures. On scales measuring @entity148 , @entity308 and conversion phenomena, 88% of the MMPI-2 profiles lacked elevations, and 86% of the @entity1 lacked elevations on the STAI State and Trait @entity148 scales. Personality variables were not associated with postsurgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals suffering from essential @entity1119 lack overt psychopathology. While some @entity1 subjectively describe symptoms of @entity148 , mild @entity308 and social isolation, these complaints appear often to be in reaction to or superimposed upon an organic disease process and not the primary cause of their condition.

title: The relationship of psychopathology and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety-based disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: The historic triad of @entity565 , @entity1412 , and intolerance to @entity117 and related chemicals, recently designated as @entity244 , is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The condition is probably acquired, perhaps secondary to a @entity1800 , but a hereditary factor may be important in some @entity1 . Most @entity1 with this syndrome are adults, with an occasional case being identified in a teenager or older @entity1 . Although not every @entity1 will have the fully developed syndrome, the typical @entity1 will have all three of the classic features. Many @entity1 with @entity244 also have a marked @entity1712 of both bronchial and nasal secretions as well as the circulating blood. Approximately 10 per cent of the @entity1 have @entity110 and/or @entity113 , alone or in combination with @entity32 . The diagnosis usually can be established easily on the basis of the history and physical examination, and only rarely in clinical practice is it necessary to perform a confirmatory @entity117 challenge test. As with all @entity56 , the cornerstone of treatment is environmental control with avoidance of respiratory irritants, @entity117 , and @entity117 -like medications. Management of upper @entity1030 requires careful prescription of medication supplemented by judicious selection of surgery. A variety of medications, including bronchodilators and @entity288 , can be used to treat the bronchial symptoms. The results of current research are expected to lead to better understanding followed by further improvements in treatment for @entity1 with @entity244 .

title: @entity565 , nasal polyps, and XXXX sensitivity: @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory inflammation']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Samter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: The historic triad of @entity565 , @entity1412 , and intolerance to @entity117 and related chemicals, recently designated as @entity244 , is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The condition is probably acquired, perhaps secondary to a @entity1800 , but a hereditary factor may be important in some @entity1 . Most @entity1 with this syndrome are adults, with an occasional case being identified in a teenager or older @entity1 . Although not every @entity1 will have the fully developed syndrome, the typical @entity1 will have all three of the classic features. Many @entity1 with @entity244 also have a marked @entity1712 of both bronchial and nasal secretions as well as the circulating blood. Approximately 10 per cent of the @entity1 have @entity110 and/or @entity113 , alone or in combination with @entity32 . The diagnosis usually can be established easily on the basis of the history and physical examination, and only rarely in clinical practice is it necessary to perform a confirmatory @entity117 challenge test. As with all @entity56 , the cornerstone of treatment is environmental control with avoidance of respiratory irritants, @entity117 , and @entity117 -like medications. Management of upper @entity1030 requires careful prescription of medication supplemented by judicious selection of surgery. A variety of medications, including bronchodilators and @entity288 , can be used to treat the bronchial symptoms. The results of current research are expected to lead to better understanding followed by further improvements in treatment for @entity1 with @entity244 .

title: @entity565 , nasal polyps, and @entity117 sensitivity: XXXX .

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Samter's syndrome']


abstract: The historic triad of @entity565 , @entity1412 , and intolerance to @entity117 and related chemicals, recently designated as @entity244 , is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The condition is probably acquired, perhaps secondary to a @entity1800 , but a hereditary factor may be important in some @entity1 . Most @entity1 with this syndrome are adults, with an occasional case being identified in a teenager or older @entity1 . Although not every @entity1 will have the fully developed syndrome, the typical @entity1 will have all three of the classic features. Many @entity1 with @entity244 also have a marked @entity1712 of both bronchial and nasal secretions as well as the circulating blood. Approximately 10 per cent of the @entity1 have @entity110 and/or @entity113 , alone or in combination with @entity32 . The diagnosis usually can be established easily on the basis of the history and physical examination, and only rarely in clinical practice is it necessary to perform a confirmatory @entity117 challenge test. As with all @entity56 , the cornerstone of treatment is environmental control with avoidance of respiratory irritants, @entity117 , and @entity117 -like medications. Management of upper @entity1030 requires careful prescription of medication supplemented by judicious selection of surgery. A variety of medications, including bronchodilators and @entity288 , can be used to treat the bronchial symptoms. The results of current research are expected to lead to better understanding followed by further improvements in treatment for @entity1 with @entity244 .

title: XXXX , nasal polyps, and @entity117 sensitivity: @entity244 .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Bronchial asthma']


abstract: A large subset of individuals with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) develops clinical @entity8 that progresses to @entity454 . Identification of clinically proteinuric @entity1 has limited impact on management of the condition. No treatment strategy has succeeded in permanently arresting the evolution of clinical @entity8 . However, important advances have been made in slowing its progress, and these are reviewed in this study. Treatment of raised blood pressure early in the course of @entity2316 has emerged as the most effective therapeutic measure. Susceptible individuals can be detected before persistent @entity644 becomes manifest by screening @entity1723 @entity1 for microalbuminuria, which has proved predictive of persistent @entity644 in approximately 80% of cases. Microalbuminuria can be associated with a raised glomerular filtration rate and is often accompanied by subclinical @entity101 . The independent predictive significance of the two latter variables remains to be established in @entity1 . Unfortunately, microalbuminuria is not apparent until 5 yr after stabilization of newly diagnosed @entity6 , suggesting that it is a marker of @entity66 rather than an indicator of susceptibility. However, many therapeutic interventions, ranging from blood @entity413 control to low-protein diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, are effective in reducing or even normalizing microalbuminuria. If current controlled trials show that treatment of microalbuminuric @entity1 prevents progression to clinical @entity8 , the diagnostic criteria for @entity2316 will require radical revision.

title: Recent advances in understanding mechanisms and natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the goals of co-operative @entity146 nursing and co-operative team meetings is to improve @entity1 ' and significant others' participation and thus, to enhance @entity1 ' resources outside the hospital. The objective of this paper is to describe the different expert interventions that either enabled or prevented @entity1 and his/her significant others participation in co-operative team meetings in acute @entity146 wards. METHODS: The data consisted of 11 videotaped team meetings. The @entity1 were voluntary @entity1 , significant others and experts in health and social care. A narrative approach focused on the storytelling of all members in the meetings. The method of modified dialogue analysis was used to identify the ideas of the stories. FINDINGS: The same topic of discussion was shared in active participation. The experts asked open-ended questions, the @entity1 and his/her significant others' were free to express their viewpoints and the experts' interpretation was based on their stories. The experts presented the reasons for their questions, and the contents of the questions were verbalized. In passive participation, the experts questions were based on their own point of view, and the @entity1 and his significant others merely answered these questions. If the expert opinion appeared too dominating at the co-operative team meeting, the @entity1 's and his/her significant others' participation was in jeopardy. CONCLUSIONS: The physician either dominates the storytelling or gives space for free expressions of various viewpoints during the co-operative team meetings.

title: Storytelling of co-operative team meetings in acute XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) usually had an initial precipitating @entity130 . However, @entity302 does not develop in all @entity1 who have undergone an early insult. As in @entity1 , the consequences of the @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) are age dependent, and only a subset of 21-day-old @entity35 will develop @entity302 . Thus with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the differences in the evolution of lesions in these two populations of @entity35 . METHODS: @entity159 was induced in 21-day-old @entity35 by the injection of @entity1091 and @entity2134 . T2-weighted images and T2 relaxation-time measurements were used for detection of lesions from 6 h to 4 months after @entity159 . RESULTS: Three populations of @entity35 could be distinguished. The first one had neither MRI anomalies nor modification of the T2 relaxation time, and these @entity35 did not develop @entity302 . In the second one, a hypersignal appeared at the level of the piriform and entorhinal cortices 24 h after @entity159 (increase of 49% of the T2 relaxation time in the piriform cortex) that began to disappear 48-72 h after @entity159 ; @entity302 developed in all these animals. The third population of @entity35 showed a more moderate increase of the T2 relaxation time in cortices (14% in the piriform cortex) that could not be seen on T2-weighted images. @entity302 developed in all these @entity35 . Only in a subpopulation of the 21-day-old @entity35 with @entity302 did @entity131 develop. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the injury of the piriform and entorhinal cortices during @entity159 play a critical role for the installation of the @entity302 networks and the development of @entity302 .

title: Predictive value of @entity130 for the development of @entity1315 in 21-day-old @entity35 : an MRI approach using the XXXX - @entity2134 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in early childhood']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) usually had an initial precipitating @entity130 . However, @entity302 does not develop in all @entity1 who have undergone an early insult. As in @entity1 , the consequences of the @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) are age dependent, and only a subset of 21-day-old @entity35 will develop @entity302 . Thus with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the differences in the evolution of lesions in these two populations of @entity35 . METHODS: @entity159 was induced in 21-day-old @entity35 by the injection of @entity1091 and @entity2134 . T2-weighted images and T2 relaxation-time measurements were used for detection of lesions from 6 h to 4 months after @entity159 . RESULTS: Three populations of @entity35 could be distinguished. The first one had neither MRI anomalies nor modification of the T2 relaxation time, and these @entity35 did not develop @entity302 . In the second one, a hypersignal appeared at the level of the piriform and entorhinal cortices 24 h after @entity159 (increase of 49% of the T2 relaxation time in the piriform cortex) that began to disappear 48-72 h after @entity159 ; @entity302 developed in all these animals. The third population of @entity35 showed a more moderate increase of the T2 relaxation time in cortices (14% in the piriform cortex) that could not be seen on T2-weighted images. @entity302 developed in all these @entity35 . Only in a subpopulation of the 21-day-old @entity35 with @entity302 did @entity131 develop. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the injury of the piriform and entorhinal cortices during @entity159 play a critical role for the installation of the @entity302 networks and the development of @entity302 .

title: Predictive value of @entity130 for the development of @entity1315 in 21-day-old @entity35 : an MRI approach using the @entity1091 - XXXX model.

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) usually had an initial precipitating @entity130 . However, @entity302 does not develop in all @entity1 who have undergone an early insult. As in @entity1 , the consequences of the @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) are age dependent, and only a subset of 21-day-old @entity35 will develop @entity302 . Thus with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the differences in the evolution of lesions in these two populations of @entity35 . METHODS: @entity159 was induced in 21-day-old @entity35 by the injection of @entity1091 and @entity2134 . T2-weighted images and T2 relaxation-time measurements were used for detection of lesions from 6 h to 4 months after @entity159 . RESULTS: Three populations of @entity35 could be distinguished. The first one had neither MRI anomalies nor modification of the T2 relaxation time, and these @entity35 did not develop @entity302 . In the second one, a hypersignal appeared at the level of the piriform and entorhinal cortices 24 h after @entity159 (increase of 49% of the T2 relaxation time in the piriform cortex) that began to disappear 48-72 h after @entity159 ; @entity302 developed in all these animals. The third population of @entity35 showed a more moderate increase of the T2 relaxation time in cortices (14% in the piriform cortex) that could not be seen on T2-weighted images. @entity302 developed in all these @entity35 . Only in a subpopulation of the 21-day-old @entity35 with @entity302 did @entity131 develop. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the injury of the piriform and entorhinal cortices during @entity159 play a critical role for the installation of the @entity302 networks and the development of @entity302 .

title: Predictive value of @entity130 for the development of @entity1315 in 21-day-old XXXX : an MRI approach using the @entity1091 - @entity2134 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) usually had an initial precipitating @entity130 . However, @entity302 does not develop in all @entity1 who have undergone an early insult. As in @entity1 , the consequences of the @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) are age dependent, and only a subset of 21-day-old @entity35 will develop @entity302 . Thus with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the differences in the evolution of lesions in these two populations of @entity35 . METHODS: @entity159 was induced in 21-day-old @entity35 by the injection of @entity1091 and @entity2134 . T2-weighted images and T2 relaxation-time measurements were used for detection of lesions from 6 h to 4 months after @entity159 . RESULTS: Three populations of @entity35 could be distinguished. The first one had neither MRI anomalies nor modification of the T2 relaxation time, and these @entity35 did not develop @entity302 . In the second one, a hypersignal appeared at the level of the piriform and entorhinal cortices 24 h after @entity159 (increase of 49% of the T2 relaxation time in the piriform cortex) that began to disappear 48-72 h after @entity159 ; @entity302 developed in all these animals. The third population of @entity35 showed a more moderate increase of the T2 relaxation time in cortices (14% in the piriform cortex) that could not be seen on T2-weighted images. @entity302 developed in all these @entity35 . Only in a subpopulation of the 21-day-old @entity35 with @entity302 did @entity131 develop. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the injury of the piriform and entorhinal cortices during @entity159 play a critical role for the installation of the @entity302 networks and the development of @entity302 .

title: Predictive value of XXXX for the development of @entity1315 in 21-day-old @entity35 : an MRI approach using the @entity1091 - @entity2134 model.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['cortical injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) usually had an initial precipitating @entity130 . However, @entity302 does not develop in all @entity1 who have undergone an early insult. As in @entity1 , the consequences of the @entity1091 - @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) are age dependent, and only a subset of 21-day-old @entity35 will develop @entity302 . Thus with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the differences in the evolution of lesions in these two populations of @entity35 . METHODS: @entity159 was induced in 21-day-old @entity35 by the injection of @entity1091 and @entity2134 . T2-weighted images and T2 relaxation-time measurements were used for detection of lesions from 6 h to 4 months after @entity159 . RESULTS: Three populations of @entity35 could be distinguished. The first one had neither MRI anomalies nor modification of the T2 relaxation time, and these @entity35 did not develop @entity302 . In the second one, a hypersignal appeared at the level of the piriform and entorhinal cortices 24 h after @entity159 (increase of 49% of the T2 relaxation time in the piriform cortex) that began to disappear 48-72 h after @entity159 ; @entity302 developed in all these animals. The third population of @entity35 showed a more moderate increase of the T2 relaxation time in cortices (14% in the piriform cortex) that could not be seen on T2-weighted images. @entity302 developed in all these @entity35 . Only in a subpopulation of the 21-day-old @entity35 with @entity302 did @entity131 develop. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the injury of the piriform and entorhinal cortices during @entity159 play a critical role for the installation of the @entity302 networks and the development of @entity302 .

title: Predictive value of @entity130 for the development of XXXX in 21-day-old @entity35 : an MRI approach using the @entity1091 - @entity2134 model.

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: The authors report on six @entity1 in whom an aggressive @entity603 of the wrist and erosion of the adjacent bones has developed after insertion of Silastic implants in the region of the carpus. @entity262 , dislocation or @entity174 of the prosthesis was not present. In surgical revision, the prosthesis shows changes in form and rough surfaces. The synovial membrane is massively thickened and highly inflamed with @entity2070 formation; the adjacent bone showed cartilage loss and fragmentations. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the synovial membrane and the bone show giant cells with @entity1346 particles. We consider that compression, shearing forces as well as @entity910 are to be considered primarily as causes of @entity6661 . Other factors such as age, profession and location hardly play any role. Prostheses which are too large, the presence of osteophytes and structural loosening of the carpal bones are avoidable risks. After removal of the prosthesis and the synovial membrane, there is rapid healing. Subsequent arthrodesis also heals without problems.

title: [ @entity603 of the wrist joint following XXXX replacement of the carpal bones].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: The authors report on six @entity1 in whom an aggressive @entity603 of the wrist and erosion of the adjacent bones has developed after insertion of Silastic implants in the region of the carpus. @entity262 , dislocation or @entity174 of the prosthesis was not present. In surgical revision, the prosthesis shows changes in form and rough surfaces. The synovial membrane is massively thickened and highly inflamed with @entity2070 formation; the adjacent bone showed cartilage loss and fragmentations. Light and electron microscopic investigations of the synovial membrane and the bone show giant cells with @entity1346 particles. We consider that compression, shearing forces as well as @entity910 are to be considered primarily as causes of @entity6661 . Other factors such as age, profession and location hardly play any role. Prostheses which are too large, the presence of osteophytes and structural loosening of the carpal bones are avoidable risks. After removal of the prosthesis and the synovial membrane, there is rapid healing. Subsequent arthrodesis also heals without problems.

title: [ XXXX of the wrist joint following @entity1346 replacement of the carpal bones].

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['Synovitis']


abstract: Previous results suggest that extracellular @entity935 (DA) in the @entity35 cerebral cortex originates from dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals. To further clarify this issue, dialysate DA, @entity16750 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity1063 (NA) were measured both in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and in the occipital cortex (OCC), with dense and scarce dopaminergic projections, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity49739 and the D2-receptor antagonist @entity1767 on extracellular DA, @entity4925 and NA was investigated. Extracellular DA and @entity4925 concentrations in the OCC were 43% and 9%, respectively, those in the mPFC. @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) increased DA and @entity4925 (by 35% and 150%, respectively) in the mPFC, but was ineffective in the OCC. In contrast, @entity49739 (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) increased NA, DA and @entity4925 , both in the mPFC (by approximately 50%, 60% and 130%, respectively) and the OCC (by approximately 50%, 80% and 200%, respectively). Locally perfused, the DA transporter blocker @entity11719 (10 micro m) was ineffective in either cortex, whereas @entity5829 ( @entity9956 , 100 micro m) markedly increased extracellular NA and DA in both cortices. The weak @entity1767 effect on DA efflux was not enhanced after DA- and NA-transporter blockade, whereas after @entity9956 , @entity49739 markedly increased extracellular NA, and especially DA and @entity4925 in both cortices. The results support the hypothesis that most extracellular DA in the cortex is co-released with NA from noradrenergic terminals, such co-release being primarily controlled by alpha2-adrenoceptors.

title: Alpha2-adrenoceptor mediated co-release of @entity935 and XXXX from noradrenergic neurons in the cerebral cortex.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity16750 :: ('CHEBI:61409', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: Previous results suggest that extracellular @entity935 (DA) in the @entity35 cerebral cortex originates from dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals. To further clarify this issue, dialysate DA, @entity16750 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity1063 (NA) were measured both in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and in the occipital cortex (OCC), with dense and scarce dopaminergic projections, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity49739 and the D2-receptor antagonist @entity1767 on extracellular DA, @entity4925 and NA was investigated. Extracellular DA and @entity4925 concentrations in the OCC were 43% and 9%, respectively, those in the mPFC. @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) increased DA and @entity4925 (by 35% and 150%, respectively) in the mPFC, but was ineffective in the OCC. In contrast, @entity49739 (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) increased NA, DA and @entity4925 , both in the mPFC (by approximately 50%, 60% and 130%, respectively) and the OCC (by approximately 50%, 80% and 200%, respectively). Locally perfused, the DA transporter blocker @entity11719 (10 micro m) was ineffective in either cortex, whereas @entity5829 ( @entity9956 , 100 micro m) markedly increased extracellular NA and DA in both cortices. The weak @entity1767 effect on DA efflux was not enhanced after DA- and NA-transporter blockade, whereas after @entity9956 , @entity49739 markedly increased extracellular NA, and especially DA and @entity4925 in both cortices. The results support the hypothesis that most extracellular DA in the cortex is co-released with NA from noradrenergic terminals, such co-release being primarily controlled by alpha2-adrenoceptors.

title: Alpha2-adrenoceptor mediated co-release of XXXX and @entity1063 from noradrenergic neurons in the cerebral cortex.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden (incidence, treatment and complications) of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) in @entity1 younger than 5 years of age from Valencia, Spain. SUBJECT AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1,399 @entity1 followed-up for the first 5 years of life. Seventeen pediatricians reviewed the medical records of their @entity1 born in 1995 and 1996 and followed-up from birth until the age of 5 years. For each @entity1 , the number of @entity2346 episodes, treatment, complications, and surgical interventions was obtained. RESULTS: There were 2,961 episodes of @entity697 in the first 5 years of life (2.23 cases/ @entity1 ). Four hundred seventy-six cases (16.1 %) occurred before 1 year of age and 1,346 between the first and second year of life (45.5 %). By the third year of life, 59.8 % had had at least one episode. In most @entity1 (80.9 %), diagnosis was made in primary care and required a median of 1.81 visits/episode for follow-up. A total of 94.5 % were treated with antibiotics ( @entity115 - @entity798 38.8 %, @entity2261 14.3 %, @entity4581 8.2 % and @entity115 5.9 %) and 8.5 % required a change of antibiotic therapy. Two hundred seventeen @entity1 (15.2 %) had at least one episode of OME. Twenty-six @entity1 (1.8 %, 95 % CI: 1.2-2.7 %) required insertion of ventilation tubes. Twenty-four @entity1 (1.7 %) had secondary hypoacusis. There was one case of @entity693 and two cases of chronic @entity2972 . No cases of @entity2267 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity697 in Valencia is 40,014 episodes/100,000 @entity1 younger than 5 years/year (95 % CI: 39,700-40,300). It represents a significant burden due to the large number of visits, antibiotic use, associated surgical procedures and need for auditory rehabilitation.

title: [Epidemiology and burden of XXXX in Valencia (Spain)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1723 who had background @entity989 and no residual endogenous insulin secretion as assessed by plasma C-peptide determinations, were randomized to either conventional insulin treatment or to more intensive @entity413 control using ultralente insulin as basal cover and soluble insulin at mealtimes and were followed for five years. Plasma @entity413 profile and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined every eight weeks. Eye examinations were performed at the start of the study and after one, three and five years. Age, duration of @entity6 , insulin dosage, glycemic control were comparable in the two groups. The mean plasma @entity413 profile was similar at entry in both groups and did not change in the conventionally-treated group. Mean plasma @entity413 profile 11.2 +/- 1 mmol/l with glycosylated hemoglobin level 10.7 +/- 0.3% fell to 7.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l and 8.7 +/- 0.5% respectively during intensive treatment. Retinal morphology deteriorated during the follow-up with no significant differences between @entity1 under unchanged conventional treatment and intensive insulin regimen. @entity989 developed in six @entity1 --three of these were under intensive insulin treatment. These data suggest that substantial long-term improvement of glycemic control does not affect progression of background @entity989 even when it is mild. The evolution of established @entity989 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 is not only a function of poor glycemic control; other factors, either intrinsic or environmental, must also be important.

title: Long-term correction of hyperglycemia and @entity989 in XXXX . A five-year randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1723 who had background @entity989 and no residual endogenous insulin secretion as assessed by plasma C-peptide determinations, were randomized to either conventional insulin treatment or to more intensive @entity413 control using ultralente insulin as basal cover and soluble insulin at mealtimes and were followed for five years. Plasma @entity413 profile and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined every eight weeks. Eye examinations were performed at the start of the study and after one, three and five years. Age, duration of @entity6 , insulin dosage, glycemic control were comparable in the two groups. The mean plasma @entity413 profile was similar at entry in both groups and did not change in the conventionally-treated group. Mean plasma @entity413 profile 11.2 +/- 1 mmol/l with glycosylated hemoglobin level 10.7 +/- 0.3% fell to 7.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l and 8.7 +/- 0.5% respectively during intensive treatment. Retinal morphology deteriorated during the follow-up with no significant differences between @entity1 under unchanged conventional treatment and intensive insulin regimen. @entity989 developed in six @entity1 --three of these were under intensive insulin treatment. These data suggest that substantial long-term improvement of glycemic control does not affect progression of background @entity989 even when it is mild. The evolution of established @entity989 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 is not only a function of poor glycemic control; other factors, either intrinsic or environmental, must also be important.

title: Long-term correction of hyperglycemia and XXXX in @entity1723 . A five-year randomized prospective study.

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['progression of retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Perimenopause, the transition into menopause, marks the beginning of accelerated @entity604 , contributing to the development of @entity170 , a major public health problem. This perimenopausal transition has also been associated with a decrease in body lean mass, an increase in fat mass, and an increase in body weight. How these changes in fat mass and lean mass may influence @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is currently unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the independent effect and relative contribution of lean mass and fat mass to @entity79 in perimenopausal @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 43 sedentary perimenopausal @entity1 (age: mean = 49.6; S.D. = 3.2) with an intact uterus and ovaries, participating in a study of exercise and perimenopausal symptoms. Total body @entity79 , regional @entity79 , and soft tissue body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Other measures including age, height, weight, and serum FSH and E2 were also obtained. RESULTS: Findings revealed that 14% of these perimenopausal @entity1 had low bone mass ( @entity2331 ) in the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck. Overall body fat mass and lean mass had positive relationships with @entity79 of lumber spine and the femur. However, using multiple regression analyses, only lean mass and ethnicity remained significant predictors for @entity79 of the femoral neck (r2 = 45%) with lean mass explaining more variance than ethnicity. Lean mass was the sole predictor of total proximal femur @entity79 explaining 38% of the variance. Fat mass was not a significant predictor of @entity79 at any skeleton site. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that body lean mass, not fat mass, is a significant contributor to femoral @entity79 in perimenopausal @entity1 .

title: Relationship between soft tissue body composition and bone mass in perimenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Psychiatric emergency services (PES) are an increasingly important component of mental health services. To assess the type and scope of services delivered in the PES setting, the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry sponsored an Expert Consensus Panel Survey of these services in 1999. The questionnaire was mailed to medical directors of PES facilities with 91% (n = 51) responding. More than 90% of the respondents were teaching sites. Restraints were reportedly used in a mean of 8.5% of presentations for a mean of 3.3 h per episode. Restraint utilization correlated with the percentage of @entity716 @entity1 treated, but not with a wide variety of other @entity1 and service variables. Involuntary medications were used in 16% of cases, though in oral form in 29% of those cases. A large majority (94%) endorsed mild sedation permitting further assessment as the appropriate endpoint and rejected sleep or heavy sedation as an endpoint (82%). @entity1245 received the strongest endorsements and 82% indicated it would be appropriate to administer a @entity1245 alone for agitation first and initiate antipsychotic treatment subsequently if appropriate. When there is no history of prior antipsychotic exposure, 60% favored a @entity1245 alone. However, given a history of previous antipsychotic treatment, only 8% endorsed this strategy. Most respondents (78%) preferred to use oral medication for treating @entity146 , whenever possible but 70.3% reported regular use of an IM combination of a @entity1245 and high-potency typical neuroleptic when necessary. In addition to managing @entity341 , 82% of services initiated standing medications for @entity1 being admitted to hospital settings and 70% initiated regular medication treatments for @entity1 being released to the community. Of @entity1 started on oral antipsychotics, 42% received an atypical antipsychotic. Reflecting medication characteristics of particular importance in emergency settings, most respondents (92%) cited selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors as the preferred type of antidepressant, and @entity1092 or related compounds (90%) for treatment of @entity162 in the PES.

title: Use of restraints and pharmacotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral emergencies']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['divalproex']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['academic psychiatric emergency services']


abstract: @entity66 of the biliary system is a complex syndrome of ectasies of the intra-, extra- or both situation of biliary tree. This disease has an unsure etiopathogeny. It is uncommon through the third age, with a greater incidence in @entity1 , teen-ager and young adult. The goal of our study is to evaluate the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and histological aspects of the congenital @entity1125 . We performed a retrospective study from March 1988 to July 2003 about 11 @entity1 with this disease treated in our surgical clinic. Clinical features, methods of diagnosis and surgical treatment were assessed. All @entity1 were females with mean age 51 years (extreme 26-77 years). The symptoms were: right upper @entity158 --11 cases (100%), @entity1087 --6 cases (54.5%), fever--3 cases (27%), palpable abdominal mass--2 cases (18%), weight loss--1 case (9%). The imaging diagnosis was helpful (ultrasonography, CT, ERCP, percutaneous cholangiography and preoperative cholangiography). In concordance with Todani classification the @entity1 were included in the following types: @entity29949 cases (27%), I b--1 case (9%), I c--3 cases (27%), IV a--2 cases (18%), IV b--1 case (9%), V--1 case (9%). All @entity1 were operated on: after cholecystectomy and transcystic cholangiography (11 cases--100%) we performed the total excision of the cyst--9 cases (82%) with choledochal jejunostomy (Roux-en-Y)--6 cases (54.5%), choledochal jejunostomy (omega)--1 case (9%) and choledochal duodenostomy--2 cases (18%). In one case of neoplasic cyst with portal invasion we performed a cyst-jejunostomy (omega) and in one case of @entity13550 with @entity3885 , the solution of choice was choledocal-duodenostomy. The microscopic pathology of the cyst wall showed: chronic intramural inflammation--9 cases (82%) and the absence of the nervous intramural terminations--1 case (9%). The additional lesions was: hepatic cirrhosis--1 case (9%) and @entity1575 --3 cases (27%). We found three cases with @entity5 : malign cyst with advanced local invasion--1 case (9%), @entity3123 --1 case (9%) and @entity1086 (microscopic finding)--1 case (9%). The postoperative morbidity includes @entity3116 --2 cases (18%) and wound infection--2 cases (18%). Long-term follow-up revealed @entity255 in one case--9%. The cystic dilatations of the common bile duct is an exclusive indication for surgery as soon as it was discovered.

title: [ XXXX of the biliary system in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital cystic disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['total obstruction of the distal choledoc']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ['Caroli disease']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cysts']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Congenital cystic disease']


abstract: All cases of early onset @entity883 ( @entity883 ) @entity295 in @entity1 born at Karolinska Hospital 1975-1986 were reviewed. @entity883 was diagnosed in 40 @entity1 within the first five days of life. The incidence was 1.24 per 1000 births. Fifty-five percent of the @entity1 were preterm and 48% were born more than or equal to 12 hours after @entity397 . Prematurity and/or prolonged @entity397 were present in 83% of all neonates with fatal outcome. Case fatality was 22%. Deliveries by both cesarean section (31%) and vacuum extraction (26%) were increased in the mothers when compared to an overall incidence of 14 and 12% (p less than 0.01). Twenty-four (89%) of 27 mothers had low type specific IgG antibodies against the infecting @entity883 -serotype. Late onset @entity883 was diagnosed in only two @entity1 during the period. Seventeen mothers went through 24 subsequent pregnancies. In 11 of those the mothers were colonized with @entity883 and 10 received penicillin prophylaxis during pregnancy and/or delivery. None of the @entity1 born after prophylaxis were colonized with @entity883 . Two were born prematurely and all had an uneventful course; whereas one @entity1 delivered at 26 weeks gestation of a colonized untreated mother died of @entity883 . Screening of parturients at risk and selective antibiotic prophylaxis may help to prevent early onset @entity883 .

title: XXXX due to group B streptococci--perinatal risk factors and outcome of subsequent pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['group B streptococcal', 'GBS-septicemia', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Neonatal septicemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is a common risk factor for @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the @entity209 and risk for @entity740 and microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity1 : @entity1 20 years of age or older were studied in the @entity740 (n = 6217) and microalbuminuria (n = 6125) analyses. MEASUREMENTS: The @entity209 was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors: elevated blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level, high @entity412 level, elevated @entity413 level, and @entity1144 . @entity740 was defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of @entity740 and microalbuminuria in @entity1 with the @entity209 compared with @entity1 without the @entity209 were 2.60 (95% CI, 1.68 to 4.03) and 1.89 (CI, 1.34 to 2.67), respectively. Compared with @entity1 with 0 or 1 component of the @entity209 , @entity1 with 2, 3, 4, and 5 components of @entity740 had multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of 2.21 (CI, 1.16 to 4.24), 3.38 (CI, 1.48 to 7.69), 4.23 (CI, 2.06 to 8.63), and 5.85 (CI, 3.11 to 11.0), respectively. The corresponding multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of microalbuminuria for @entity1 with 3, 4, and 5 components were 1.62 (CI, 1.10 to 2.38), 2.45 (CI, 1.55 to 3.85), and 3.19 (CI, 1.96 to 5.19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity209 might be an important factor in the cause of @entity740 .

title: The @entity209 and XXXX in U.S. adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is a common risk factor for @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between the @entity209 and risk for @entity740 and microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity1 : @entity1 20 years of age or older were studied in the @entity740 (n = 6217) and microalbuminuria (n = 6125) analyses. MEASUREMENTS: The @entity209 was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors: elevated blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level, high @entity412 level, elevated @entity413 level, and @entity1144 . @entity740 was defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g. RESULTS: The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of @entity740 and microalbuminuria in @entity1 with the @entity209 compared with @entity1 without the @entity209 were 2.60 (95% CI, 1.68 to 4.03) and 1.89 (CI, 1.34 to 2.67), respectively. Compared with @entity1 with 0 or 1 component of the @entity209 , @entity1 with 2, 3, 4, and 5 components of @entity740 had multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of 2.21 (CI, 1.16 to 4.24), 3.38 (CI, 1.48 to 7.69), 4.23 (CI, 2.06 to 8.63), and 5.85 (CI, 3.11 to 11.0), respectively. The corresponding multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of microalbuminuria for @entity1 with 3, 4, and 5 components were 1.62 (CI, 1.10 to 2.38), 2.45 (CI, 1.55 to 3.85), and 3.19 (CI, 1.96 to 5.19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the @entity209 might be an important factor in the cause of @entity740 .

title: The XXXX and @entity740 in U.S. adults.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To verify the occurrence of @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ) and to provide a more detailed description of the impairment's character and context. METHODS: Thirty (30) @entity1 with chronic @entity74 and 30 matched healthy controls completed a cognitive test battery. Four computerised tests were used: a) two different types of cognitive tasks (reaction time vs. working memory) and b) two types of information processing (verbal vs. spatial). Before testing and after every randomised subtest, subjects rated their @entity158 level on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: A worse overall performance among @entity1 with @entity74 and, specifically, worse results concerning working memory tasks were found. Post-hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference concerning the single variable "verbal reaction time". @entity158 intensity among @entity1 increased significantly during testing. @entity158 intensity after the subtest for verbal mental reaction time (independent of test sequence) was significantly correlated with results in this subtest, the more @entity158 , the more time was needed. CONCLUSION: Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 performed worse overall. Concerning verbal reaction time, the impairment was correlated with @entity158 intensity. The findings support the hypothesis that @entity158 might be one important factor leading to @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 .

title: @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic XXXX --a matched control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['whiplash-associated disorder']


abstract: AIM: To verify the occurrence of @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ) and to provide a more detailed description of the impairment's character and context. METHODS: Thirty (30) @entity1 with chronic @entity74 and 30 matched healthy controls completed a cognitive test battery. Four computerised tests were used: a) two different types of cognitive tasks (reaction time vs. working memory) and b) two types of information processing (verbal vs. spatial). Before testing and after every randomised subtest, subjects rated their @entity158 level on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: A worse overall performance among @entity1 with @entity74 and, specifically, worse results concerning working memory tasks were found. Post-hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference concerning the single variable "verbal reaction time". @entity158 intensity among @entity1 increased significantly during testing. @entity158 intensity after the subtest for verbal mental reaction time (independent of test sequence) was significantly correlated with results in this subtest, the more @entity158 , the more time was needed. CONCLUSION: Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 performed worse overall. Concerning verbal reaction time, the impairment was correlated with @entity158 intensity. The findings support the hypothesis that @entity158 might be one important factor leading to @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 --a matched control study.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: AIM: To verify the occurrence of @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ) and to provide a more detailed description of the impairment's character and context. METHODS: Thirty (30) @entity1 with chronic @entity74 and 30 matched healthy controls completed a cognitive test battery. Four computerised tests were used: a) two different types of cognitive tasks (reaction time vs. working memory) and b) two types of information processing (verbal vs. spatial). Before testing and after every randomised subtest, subjects rated their @entity158 level on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: A worse overall performance among @entity1 with @entity74 and, specifically, worse results concerning working memory tasks were found. Post-hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference concerning the single variable "verbal reaction time". @entity158 intensity among @entity1 increased significantly during testing. @entity158 intensity after the subtest for verbal mental reaction time (independent of test sequence) was significantly correlated with results in this subtest, the more @entity158 , the more time was needed. CONCLUSION: Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 performed worse overall. Concerning verbal reaction time, the impairment was correlated with @entity158 intensity. The findings support the hypothesis that @entity158 might be one important factor leading to @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 .

title: @entity73 in XXXX with chronic @entity74 --a matched control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1796 may result in variations of its mechanical properties. The published data of the @entity924 of small animals, such as @entity19 and @entity35 , are exclusively obtained by measuring grip-to-grip (g-t-g) displacement. Local strain concentration and relative sliding of the specimens in the clamps might significantly affect the measured tendon deformation. In the present study, the mechanical properties of the @entity35 tibialis anterior tendon measured using the proposed tendon mark method were compared to those evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method. Five male @entity35 ( approximately 418 g) were used in this study. For the proposed method, reference marks were made on the tendons using permanent ink. A microscope video system was customized to observe and record the tendon deformation. Pattern recognition software was developed to obtain the displacement time-histories of the reference marks. The distance between the grips was approximately 7 mm; and the distance between the reference marks used for the data processing was approximately 5 mm. The cross-section areas of the specimens were measured using a custom-made slot gauge and by applying a constant compressive stress (0.15 MPa). The tendons were clamped between two custom-made metal grips and stretched on a testing machine at a constant speed (1 mm/s) up to failure. Throughout the tests, the tendon specimens were submerged in a PBS bath at 22 degrees C. The deformation of the specimens was evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method and the proposed method. The stress/strain curves obtained by using the g-t-g displacement can be characterized by an initial toe zone, a quasi-linear zone, and a final failure stage. The stress/strain curves determined using the proposed method are quite different from those obtained using the g-t-g displacement: it has a smaller toe zone and a stress-hardening transition, over which the @entity924 increases dramatically with the increasing strain. The @entity924 measured by using the g-t-g displacement method may underestimate the actual mechanical properties of tendon by approximately 43%.

title: Comparison of mechanical properties of XXXX tibialis anterior tendon evaluated using two different approaches.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['Tendon injuries']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fifty-three serum-resistant strains of @entity526 which were all able to grow in at least 50% @entity778 ( @entity778 ) were tested in respect to binding and consumption of C3b, factor H, C5, and C6 after incubation in pooled @entity778 . The results of immunofluorescence tests, hemolytic assays, and binding studies using radiolabeled components were comparable. The different binding patterns allowed us to divide the strains into three different groups. The main features of group I were the attachment of C3, C5, and C6 to the bacterial cells as well as consumption of C3 and C5, whereas factor H did not bind at all or only in small amounts. In addition, released MAC was detectable in the supernatant of reaction mixtures containing bacteria of a group I strain and @entity778 . In group II factor H was easily bound to the bacteria, but no C3, C5, and C6 binding or C5 consumption was detectable. In addition, strains of group III bound C3 and factor H and some strains also bound and consumed C5. Because of the inhomogeneity of group III, this investigation was restricted to a comparison of groups I and II. From the results presented in this study we conclude that group I bacteria activate the whole complement cascade, whereas with bacteria of group II, complement activation is interrupted at the C3 level. These findings therefore indicate a second, alternative mechanism of serum resistance in @entity526 .

title: Two different mechanisms of serum resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['normal human serum', 'NHS']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is currently a great need for an in vitro assay to assess the presence of tolerance following allotransplantation to determine whether immunosuppressive medications can be discontinued. Our laboratory has recently developed an assay involving coculture inhibition of cell-mediated lympholysis that correlates with tolerance to allografts in swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) Class I-mismatched miniature @entity1707 . The potential for clinical application of this assay may depend on 2 important factors: (1) whether the assay can be used in the presence of immunosuppression; and (2) whether frozen-stored naive responder cells can be utilized. METHODS: Long-term tolerant MGH miniature @entity1707 that had accepted SLA Class I-mismatched kidney transplants after a 12-day course of @entity205 or @entity1140 were studied. Two long-term tolerant and 2 naive control animals were treated with a clinically relevant dose of @entity205 for 2 weeks (trough level 100 to 400 ng/ml) to simulate the ongoing "chronic" immunosuppression used in @entity1 recipients of allografts. Cells from tolerant or naive, recipient-matched animals were stimulated for 6 days with donor or third-party SLA. These primed cells were then cocultured with naive unstimulated recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched responders and irradiated stimulators. Responder cells were tested both fresh and frozen. RESULTS: Suppression of cytotoxic responses of naive responder cells was observed in all coculture assays using cells from tolerant animals primed against donor antigen in vitro, but not in assays using similarly primed cells from naive animals. Responder cells from tolerant animals receiving immunosuppression had a suppressive activity similar to that from cells of the same animals not receiving immunosuppression. Similar suppression was also observed in coculture assays using either fresh or frozen naive responder cells. CONCLUSIONS: This coculture assay appears to correlate with the presence of tolerance under conditions applicable to the clinical setting. The assay appears to identify peripheral regulatory mechanisms of tolerance in allogeneic transplant recipients, and therefore may provide an approach for determining an appropriate timepoint at which to test withdrawal of immunosuppressive medications.

title: Detection of regulatory cells as an assay for allograft tolerance in miniature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Area-restricted search (ARS) is a foraging strategy used by many animals to locate resources. The behavior is characterized by a time-dependent reduction in turning frequency after the last resource encounter. This maximizes the time spent in areas in which resources are abundant and extends the search to a larger area when resources become scarce. We demonstrate that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling contribute to the neural circuit controlling ARS in the @entity2199 @entity2199 . Ablation of dopaminergic neurons eliminated ARS behavior, as did application of the @entity935 receptor antagonist @entity11641 . Furthermore, ARS was affected by mutations in the @entity2227 receptor subunits @entity70968 and @entity70969 and the @entity70970 @entity2227 vesicular transporter. Interestingly, preincubation on @entity935 restored the behavior in worms with @entity7303 , but not in @entity70968 , @entity70969 , or @entity70970 mutants. This suggests that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling function in the same pathway to regulate turn frequency. Both @entity70968 and @entity70969 are expressed in the locomotory control circuit that modulates the direction of locomotion in response to sensory stimuli and the duration of forward movement during foraging. We propose a mechanism for ARS in @entity2199 in which @entity935 , released in response to food, modulates glutamatergic signaling in the locomotory control circuit, thus resulting in an increased turn frequency.

title: @entity935 and XXXX control area-restricted search behavior in @entity2199 .

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['defective dopaminergic signaling']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Area-restricted search (ARS) is a foraging strategy used by many animals to locate resources. The behavior is characterized by a time-dependent reduction in turning frequency after the last resource encounter. This maximizes the time spent in areas in which resources are abundant and extends the search to a larger area when resources become scarce. We demonstrate that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling contribute to the neural circuit controlling ARS in the @entity2199 @entity2199 . Ablation of dopaminergic neurons eliminated ARS behavior, as did application of the @entity935 receptor antagonist @entity11641 . Furthermore, ARS was affected by mutations in the @entity2227 receptor subunits @entity70968 and @entity70969 and the @entity70970 @entity2227 vesicular transporter. Interestingly, preincubation on @entity935 restored the behavior in worms with @entity7303 , but not in @entity70968 , @entity70969 , or @entity70970 mutants. This suggests that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling function in the same pathway to regulate turn frequency. Both @entity70968 and @entity70969 are expressed in the locomotory control circuit that modulates the direction of locomotion in response to sensory stimuli and the duration of forward movement during foraging. We propose a mechanism for ARS in @entity2199 in which @entity935 , released in response to food, modulates glutamatergic signaling in the locomotory control circuit, thus resulting in an increased turn frequency.

title: XXXX and @entity2227 control area-restricted search behavior in @entity2199 .

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: Area-restricted search (ARS) is a foraging strategy used by many animals to locate resources. The behavior is characterized by a time-dependent reduction in turning frequency after the last resource encounter. This maximizes the time spent in areas in which resources are abundant and extends the search to a larger area when resources become scarce. We demonstrate that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling contribute to the neural circuit controlling ARS in the @entity2199 @entity2199 . Ablation of dopaminergic neurons eliminated ARS behavior, as did application of the @entity935 receptor antagonist @entity11641 . Furthermore, ARS was affected by mutations in the @entity2227 receptor subunits @entity70968 and @entity70969 and the @entity70970 @entity2227 vesicular transporter. Interestingly, preincubation on @entity935 restored the behavior in worms with @entity7303 , but not in @entity70968 , @entity70969 , or @entity70970 mutants. This suggests that dopaminergic and glutamatergic signaling function in the same pathway to regulate turn frequency. Both @entity70968 and @entity70969 are expressed in the locomotory control circuit that modulates the direction of locomotion in response to sensory stimuli and the duration of forward movement during foraging. We propose a mechanism for ARS in @entity2199 in which @entity935 , released in response to food, modulates glutamatergic signaling in the locomotory control circuit, thus resulting in an increased turn frequency.

title: @entity935 and @entity2227 control area-restricted search behavior in XXXX .

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: The subject was a 34-year-old female with @entity565 and @entity483 who had previously undergone a Cesarean section. In December 1995, the @entity1 had an acute @entity490 , so she underwent a barium enema examination. During the procedure, severe @entity2021 shock developed, and the examination was stopped. The @entity1 responded well to appropriate emergency therapy, and her symptoms were resolved. However, the @entity1 visited our outpatient clinic because the symptoms of her @entity483 got worse. She indicated that she felt itchy when using rubber gloves. Also, at the age of thirty, she had @entity110 and @entity1353 after drinking a glass of fruit juice. Subsequently radioallergosorbent testing demonstrated the presence of specific IgEs against latex, banana, kiwi, grapefruit, and avocado. Skin prick tests were positive for banana, grapefruit, avocado, and latex extract at a dilution of 1:1000. A scratch test was positive to an extract of a balloon catheter which included 0.3 microg/g latex proteins by the LEAP method. In conclusion, the @entity1 was diagnosed with an @entity2021 to the latex contained in a balloon catheter used for the barium enema.

title: [A case of the latex-induced XXXX by contact with barium enema catheter].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactic', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: Sixty-eight @entity1 received fractionated @entity258 ( @entity258 ) as treatment for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) at the Rotterdamsch Radio-Therapeutisch Instituut (RRTI) in the period 1973-1979. Ninety percent (61/68) of these @entity1 had @entity1442 (Stage III + IV). According to current @entity5 grade classifications, 34 @entity1 had low grade @entity1893 , 10 intermediate, and 19 high grade. In 5 cases no exact grading was possible. @entity258 was given 3 times a week, midline dose 0.1 Gy, using 6 or 25 MeV photons to a mean total dose of 1.78 Gy. Initial response rate for low, intermediate, and high grade @entity1893 was resp. 84, 42, and 40%. The main prognostic factor for survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was @entity5 grade. Probability of uncorrected survival at 10 years for low, intermediate, and high grade was resp. 34, 0 and 0%. Probability of @entity1349 at 10 years was resp. 19, 0, and 0%. Neither stage nor sex had any influence on survival. Age was reversely correlated with survival, but was not correlated with @entity1349 . Influence of prior therapy (18 @entity1 ) on survival and @entity1349 was separately analyzed. Neither survival nor @entity1349 of unfavorable @entity1893 (high and intermediate grade) was influenced. On the other hand @entity1 with a favorable @entity1893 (low grade) had a significantly (p less than 0.05) better @entity1349 if they received @entity258 as initial treatment, but survival was not significantly influenced. @entity1349 at 5 and 10 years of @entity1 who received @entity258 as first treatment was respectively 32% and 27%. No treatment related complications were noted. Subsequent chemotherapy in case of relapse was not hampered by previous @entity258 . The high response rate and extended @entity1349 , without maintenance therapy, makes @entity258 a preferable first line treatment for @entity1 with advanced stage low grade @entity1893 .

title: Long-term results of XXXX for advanced @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'histologic type NHL']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low dose total body irradiation', 'LTBI']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low dose total body irradiation']


abstract: Sixty-eight @entity1 received fractionated @entity258 ( @entity258 ) as treatment for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) at the Rotterdamsch Radio-Therapeutisch Instituut (RRTI) in the period 1973-1979. Ninety percent (61/68) of these @entity1 had @entity1442 (Stage III + IV). According to current @entity5 grade classifications, 34 @entity1 had low grade @entity1893 , 10 intermediate, and 19 high grade. In 5 cases no exact grading was possible. @entity258 was given 3 times a week, midline dose 0.1 Gy, using 6 or 25 MeV photons to a mean total dose of 1.78 Gy. Initial response rate for low, intermediate, and high grade @entity1893 was resp. 84, 42, and 40%. The main prognostic factor for survival and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was @entity5 grade. Probability of uncorrected survival at 10 years for low, intermediate, and high grade was resp. 34, 0 and 0%. Probability of @entity1349 at 10 years was resp. 19, 0, and 0%. Neither stage nor sex had any influence on survival. Age was reversely correlated with survival, but was not correlated with @entity1349 . Influence of prior therapy (18 @entity1 ) on survival and @entity1349 was separately analyzed. Neither survival nor @entity1349 of unfavorable @entity1893 (high and intermediate grade) was influenced. On the other hand @entity1 with a favorable @entity1893 (low grade) had a significantly (p less than 0.05) better @entity1349 if they received @entity258 as initial treatment, but survival was not significantly influenced. @entity1349 at 5 and 10 years of @entity1 who received @entity258 as first treatment was respectively 32% and 27%. No treatment related complications were noted. Subsequent chemotherapy in case of relapse was not hampered by previous @entity258 . The high response rate and extended @entity1349 , without maintenance therapy, makes @entity258 a preferable first line treatment for @entity1 with advanced stage low grade @entity1893 .

title: Long-term results of @entity258 for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: We report a case displaying upper motor sign, @entity304 , and @entity146 , with marked degeneration of the precentral cortex, neostriatum and frontotemporal lobes, as well as ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions. The @entity1 was a 66-year-old male at the time of @entity204 . At age 57, he noticed progressive difficulties in speaking and swallowing. At age 60, he was severely anarthric and displayed @entity2777 and @entity322 . Neurologically, very poor movement of tongue was observed, but without @entity194 or @entity2901 . Deep tendon reflexes were @entity2915 . Grasp reflex and snout reflex were also positive. Needle electromyography revealed no abnormalities. A diagnosis of @entity4681 and character change was made. At age 62, he developed @entity2845 and @entity2003 of the neck and all extremities. Treatment with carbidopa-levodopa was initiated, but resulted in minimal improvement. At age 65, he was bed-ridden, and had repeated occurrences of @entity1174 ; he died of @entity55 . Neuropathological examination revealed marked @entity1315 with Betz cells completely absent and moderate @entity194 . The spinal cord and nerve roots appeared normal. Immunohistochemically, ubiquitin-positive but tau-negative intraneuronal inclusions were found in the frontal and temporal cortices, including the precentral cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the neostriatum. This case could be included with inclusion-associated disorders such as @entity4943 or @entity746 with @entity303 , and furthermore, predominant upper motor sign and @entity304 could represent phenotypes of clinical manifestations with such inclusions.

title: @entity4943 with ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions presenting with @entity4681 and XXXX : clinicopathological report of an autopsy case.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormality']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['primary lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactive']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'atrophy of the neostriatum']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: We report a case displaying upper motor sign, @entity304 , and @entity146 , with marked degeneration of the precentral cortex, neostriatum and frontotemporal lobes, as well as ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions. The @entity1 was a 66-year-old male at the time of @entity204 . At age 57, he noticed progressive difficulties in speaking and swallowing. At age 60, he was severely anarthric and displayed @entity2777 and @entity322 . Neurologically, very poor movement of tongue was observed, but without @entity194 or @entity2901 . Deep tendon reflexes were @entity2915 . Grasp reflex and snout reflex were also positive. Needle electromyography revealed no abnormalities. A diagnosis of @entity4681 and character change was made. At age 62, he developed @entity2845 and @entity2003 of the neck and all extremities. Treatment with carbidopa-levodopa was initiated, but resulted in minimal improvement. At age 65, he was bed-ridden, and had repeated occurrences of @entity1174 ; he died of @entity55 . Neuropathological examination revealed marked @entity1315 with Betz cells completely absent and moderate @entity194 . The spinal cord and nerve roots appeared normal. Immunohistochemically, ubiquitin-positive but tau-negative intraneuronal inclusions were found in the frontal and temporal cortices, including the precentral cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the neostriatum. This case could be included with inclusion-associated disorders such as @entity4943 or @entity746 with @entity303 , and furthermore, predominant upper motor sign and @entity304 could represent phenotypes of clinical manifestations with such inclusions.

title: @entity4943 with ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions presenting with XXXX and @entity304 : clinicopathological report of an autopsy case.

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['primary lateral sclerosis']


abstract: We report a case displaying upper motor sign, @entity304 , and @entity146 , with marked degeneration of the precentral cortex, neostriatum and frontotemporal lobes, as well as ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions. The @entity1 was a 66-year-old male at the time of @entity204 . At age 57, he noticed progressive difficulties in speaking and swallowing. At age 60, he was severely anarthric and displayed @entity2777 and @entity322 . Neurologically, very poor movement of tongue was observed, but without @entity194 or @entity2901 . Deep tendon reflexes were @entity2915 . Grasp reflex and snout reflex were also positive. Needle electromyography revealed no abnormalities. A diagnosis of @entity4681 and character change was made. At age 62, he developed @entity2845 and @entity2003 of the neck and all extremities. Treatment with carbidopa-levodopa was initiated, but resulted in minimal improvement. At age 65, he was bed-ridden, and had repeated occurrences of @entity1174 ; he died of @entity55 . Neuropathological examination revealed marked @entity1315 with Betz cells completely absent and moderate @entity194 . The spinal cord and nerve roots appeared normal. Immunohistochemically, ubiquitin-positive but tau-negative intraneuronal inclusions were found in the frontal and temporal cortices, including the precentral cortex and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and the neostriatum. This case could be included with inclusion-associated disorders such as @entity4943 or @entity746 with @entity303 , and furthermore, predominant upper motor sign and @entity304 could represent phenotypes of clinical manifestations with such inclusions.

title: XXXX with ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions presenting with @entity4681 and @entity304 : clinicopathological report of an autopsy case.

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['Frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal stability after double-jaw surgery for correction of skeletal @entity3233 to assess whether there were any differences between wire and rigid fixation of the mandible. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-seven Class III @entity1 had Le Fort I osteotomy stabilized with plate and screws for maxillary advancement. Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback was stabilized with wire osteosynthesis and maxillomandibular fixation for 6 weeks in 20 @entity1 (group 1) and with rigid internal fixation in 17 @entity1 (group 2). Lateral cephalograms were taken before surgery, immediately after surgery, 8 weeks after surgery, and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, both groups were balanced with respect to linear and angular measurements of craniofacial morphology. One year after surgery, maxillary sagittal stability was excellent in both groups, and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy accounted for most of the total horizontal relapse observed. In group 1, significant correlations were found between maxillary advancement and relapse at the posterior maxilla and between mandibular setback and postoperative counterclockwise rotation of the ramus and mandibular relapse. In group 2, significant correlations were found between mandibular setback and intraoperative clockwise rotation of the ramus and between mandibular setback and postoperative counterclockwise rotation of the ramus and mandibular relapse. No significant differences in postoperative skeletal and dental stability between groups were observed except for @entity3573 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical correction of @entity3233 after combined maxillary and mandibular procedures appears to be a fairly stable procedure independent of the type of fixation used to stabilize the mandible.

title: Stability of skeletal XXXX after combined maxillary and mandibular procedures: rigid internal fixation versus wire osteosynthesis of the mandible.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary posterior vertical position']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['Class III malocclusion']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['class III malocclusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of tailored endoscopic surgery. Tailored endoscopic surgery aims at resecting the @entity1179 completely with a customized surgical approach, especially when an en-bloc excision cannot be comprehensively or routinely achieved because of the immense extent of the @entity5 . METHODS: Between November 1991 and March 2002, 43 @entity1 with sinonasal @entity1179 were treated by tailored endoscopic surgery. The average duration of follow-up for this population was 25.3 months (range, 9-150 months). A staging system developed by Krouse was adopted for @entity5 grading. On the basis of tailored endoscopic surgery, 15 localized lesions and 12 smaller extensive lesions (Krouse stages 1 and 2) were treated by ordinary endoscopic resection, whereas 16 larger extensive lesions (Krouse stages 3 and 4) in which the @entity5 were immense were subjected to sequential segmental endoscopic surgery (SSES). Seven of these 16 larger extensive lesions combined with endoscopic medial maxillectomy because of extensive encroachment of maxillary sinus antrum. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (9.3%) had @entity66 , each requiring one revision surgery. All @entity5 were successfully resected. No @entity1 required lateral rhinotomy or @entity2094 procedure. No major complications were encountered in any of the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had @entity66 at the time of this writing. CONCLUSIONS: Tailored endoscopic surgery is a safe and effective treatment that obviates the need for more extensive surgery for the management of @entity1179 . Proper preoperative evaluations, intraoperative determination of extent and attachment of the @entity5 , close endoscopic follow-up, and expert application of endoscopic techniques are the keys to the successful use of tailored endoscopic surgery.

title: Tailored endoscopic surgery for the treatment of sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity2094 :: ('MESH:C537559', 'Disease') :: ['midfacial degloving']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parapharyngeal space nodal @entity3 are usually secondary to @entity5 of the pharynx and sinonasal tract, although localization of @entity706 is also possible. Parapharyngeal @entity3 arising from @entity3557 are instead an exceedingly rare event, with only 10 cases reported up to now in the literature. METHODS: We describe two cases of parapharyngeal @entity3 from @entity3557 in a @entity1 and a @entity1 , aged 40 and 52 years, respectively. RESULTS: Both @entity1 had a lesion that clinically appeared to be located in the parapharyngeal space; they underwent CT and MRI, which detected a cystic mass in the poststyloid compartment. In the first @entity1 , fine-needle aspiration cytology failed in identifying the histologic nature of the lesion, which was excised through a transcervical approach. A diagnosis of @entity3557 was rendered and therefore the @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy. In the second @entity1 , a total thyroidectomy, previously scheduled for @entity1376 , was performed along with the removal of the parapharyngeal mass. Definitive histologic findings revealed that the two parapharyngeal masses were cystic @entity3 from a @entity3557 . Both @entity1 received postoperative 131I treatment. Twenty-four months after surgery, the first @entity1 is free of disease, whereas the second one has clear signs of abnormal 131I uptake in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of a parapharyngeal poststyloid mass should also include @entity3 from @entity3557 . When the lesion displays a cystic appearance on imaging, it is advisable to rule out a thyroid primary by ultrasonographic examination. The occurrence of a @entity3 in such unusual site, even though rarely reported, does not seem to significantly affect the prognosis of the disease.

title: Parapharyngeal lymph node XXXX : an unusual presentation of @entity3557 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma', 'thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parapharyngeal space nodal @entity3 are usually secondary to @entity5 of the pharynx and sinonasal tract, although localization of @entity706 is also possible. Parapharyngeal @entity3 arising from @entity3557 are instead an exceedingly rare event, with only 10 cases reported up to now in the literature. METHODS: We describe two cases of parapharyngeal @entity3 from @entity3557 in a @entity1 and a @entity1 , aged 40 and 52 years, respectively. RESULTS: Both @entity1 had a lesion that clinically appeared to be located in the parapharyngeal space; they underwent CT and MRI, which detected a cystic mass in the poststyloid compartment. In the first @entity1 , fine-needle aspiration cytology failed in identifying the histologic nature of the lesion, which was excised through a transcervical approach. A diagnosis of @entity3557 was rendered and therefore the @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy. In the second @entity1 , a total thyroidectomy, previously scheduled for @entity1376 , was performed along with the removal of the parapharyngeal mass. Definitive histologic findings revealed that the two parapharyngeal masses were cystic @entity3 from a @entity3557 . Both @entity1 received postoperative 131I treatment. Twenty-four months after surgery, the first @entity1 is free of disease, whereas the second one has clear signs of abnormal 131I uptake in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: The differential diagnosis of a parapharyngeal poststyloid mass should also include @entity3 from @entity3557 . When the lesion displays a cystic appearance on imaging, it is advisable to rule out a thyroid primary by ultrasonographic examination. The occurrence of a @entity3 in such unusual site, even though rarely reported, does not seem to significantly affect the prognosis of the disease.

title: Parapharyngeal lymph node @entity3 : an unusual presentation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The presence of acute @entity8995 is not uncommon in severely ill @entity1 and is considered by some to be a contraindication to heart transplantation. It has been our policy to accept these @entity1 for operation. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the results of this policy in @entity1 receiving immunosuppression with @entity205 and @entity500 . Between September 1982 and April 1985, eight @entity1 undergoing heart transplantation demonstrated clinical and radiographic evidence of acute preoperative @entity8995 . These @entity1 represented 5.5% of our heart transplantation population during this period (total = 145). The age range in these eight @entity1 was from 22 to 55 years. @entity384 was present in four @entity1 , and four @entity1 had @entity296 . All @entity1 were New York Heart Association functional status class IV. Five of the eight @entity1 were on inotropic support, and one @entity1 had associated @entity177 . @entity8995 were located in the right, middle, or lower lung field in seven @entity1 and in the left lower lung field in one @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated perioperatively by intensive physiotherapy and specific antibiotics. In four @entity1 the lesions resolved on medical treatment alone. Three @entity1 developed extensive @entity3509 and required chest drainage with or without decortication. Two of these @entity1 survived with complete resolution of the lung lesions, and one @entity1 died from prolonged @entity177 and @entity295 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The influence of acute preoperative XXXX on the results of heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction', 'Pulmonary infarcts']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity8995 :: (MESH:D054060,Disease) :: ['pulmonary infarction']