abstract: Recent work has indicated that direct-current (DC) fields may promote recovery after acute @entity1566 . In the present experiments, the therapeutic value of an applied DC field was studied in 40 @entity35 with clip compression injuries of the cord at C7-T1. The @entity35 were randomly allocated to one of four groups including 10 @entity35 each: two groups received a 17-gm @entity1566 and two groups a 53-gm injury. One group at each injury severity received implantation of a treatment (14 microA) DC stimulator and the other group a control (0 microA) stimulator. Clinical neurological function was assessed weekly by the inclined-plane technique. At 8 weeks after injury, motor and somatosensory evoked potentials (MEP's and SSEP's) were recorded, and the axonal tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced into the cord at T-6. The total number of HRP-labeled cells was counted in every sixth coronal section through the brain stem and motor cortex. All outcome parameters were assessed blindly. In the 17-gm group, there were no significant differences in any outcome measure between control and treated @entity35 . In contrast, in the 53-gm group, the inclined-plane scores, the amplitude of the MEP's, and the number of labeled cells in the red nucleus, raph   nuclei, and vestibular nuclei were greater in treated than in control @entity35 . These data strongly indicate that an applied DC field can produce functional neurological and anatomical improvement in @entity35 with acute @entity1566 .

title: The effect of direct-current field on recovery from experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'cord injury', 'spinal cord injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Lipoprotein synthesis and secretion were examined in primary cultures of @entity35 hepatocytes cultured on collagen-coated plates and incubated with pharmacologic and physiologic concentrations of insulin. Media insulin concentration declined rapidly over the course of incubation indicating that hepatocytes rapidly degrade insulin. When insulin was present in the media, cellular @entity412 accumulated while lipid secretion declined. Insulin inhibited the incorporation of labeled @entity1522 into total secretory lipoprotein apoproteins and @entity8151 (apo B) as well as apo B mass as measured by monoclonal radioimmunoassay. The effect of insulin on apo B secretion occurred as early as three hours after the addition of insulin to the culture media and both apo B of higher molecular weight (apo BH) and apo B of lower molecular weight (apo BL) were affected. Cellular apo B did not accumulate within cells. The majority of secretory lipid radioactivity synthesized from @entity598 was in VLDL density lipoproteins. The composition of newly synthesized lipids as assessed by thin layer chromatography was not significantly altered with insulin. These studies support the finding that insulin inhibits VLDL secretion by hepatocytes while at the same time stimulating overall @entity412 synthesis. A suggested mechanism is that insulin uncouples @entity412 and apo B synthesis, which influences subsequent lipoprotein assembly and secretory pathways. These results are consistent with the concept that postprandial insulin release inhibits hepatic lipoprotein secretion while intestinal lipoprotein metabolic pathways are most active.

title: Insulin effects on XXXX lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by primary cultures of @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity8151 :: (54225(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein B']


abstract: Lipoprotein synthesis and secretion were examined in primary cultures of @entity35 hepatocytes cultured on collagen-coated plates and incubated with pharmacologic and physiologic concentrations of insulin. Media insulin concentration declined rapidly over the course of incubation indicating that hepatocytes rapidly degrade insulin. When insulin was present in the media, cellular @entity412 accumulated while lipid secretion declined. Insulin inhibited the incorporation of labeled @entity1522 into total secretory lipoprotein apoproteins and @entity8151 (apo B) as well as apo B mass as measured by monoclonal radioimmunoassay. The effect of insulin on apo B secretion occurred as early as three hours after the addition of insulin to the culture media and both apo B of higher molecular weight (apo BH) and apo B of lower molecular weight (apo BL) were affected. Cellular apo B did not accumulate within cells. The majority of secretory lipid radioactivity synthesized from @entity598 was in VLDL density lipoproteins. The composition of newly synthesized lipids as assessed by thin layer chromatography was not significantly altered with insulin. These studies support the finding that insulin inhibits VLDL secretion by hepatocytes while at the same time stimulating overall @entity412 synthesis. A suggested mechanism is that insulin uncouples @entity412 and apo B synthesis, which influences subsequent lipoprotein assembly and secretory pathways. These results are consistent with the concept that postprandial insulin release inhibits hepatic lipoprotein secretion while intestinal lipoprotein metabolic pathways are most active.

title: Insulin effects on @entity8151 lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by primary cultures of XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Isolated testicular relapse (T.R.) in @entity981 ( @entity981 ) has an overall incidence of 10% and affects mainly @entity1 off therapy. Multivariate analysis of pretreatment characteristics has shown that lymphadenopathy and @entity381 are independently associated with increased risk of T.R. during maintenance and off therapy, respectively. Sequential biopsy studies have demonstrated that testicular biopsies are unable to detect scanty infiltrates and have no practical utility. Prophylactic gonadal irradiation produced equivocal results and should not be used because of its sterilizing effect. Intensive multi-drug regimens or prolonged maintenance were unable to substantially reduce T.R. rate. On the contrary, intermediate-dose @entity1499 (IDM) early in remission has almost abolished T.R. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that testicular interstitium is a very peculiar site where blasts are partially protected from the drug action; high drug concentrations are required for the optimal cytocidal effect. There are sufficient clues of a link between the excess of late marrow relapse in male sex and the capacity of testes of harboring blasts. Therefore IDM early in remission should be routinely adopted for prevention of @entity1778 and its potential of late spread.

title: The enigma of XXXX : a critical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['testicular leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['testicular leukemia']


abstract: Endoscopic ultrasonography has been applied to 30 @entity1 with suspected @entity788 . All were difficult clinical problems which had not been resolved by conventional ultrasonography. CT scanning, and pancreatography. There were 7 technical failures where the instrument could not be advanced through the pylorus. A definite result was produced in 23 @entity1 . In 7 the EUS findings were confirmed by histology obtained at surgery. In 6 a definite diagnosis of mild chronic @entity788 was made. Previously undescribed morphological features such as peri-ductal @entity82 , @entity32 were shown and correlated with the histological appearance. In 10 @entity1 an EUS diagnosis of a normal pancreas has not been challenged after clinical follow up of six months to two years. The high resolution of EUS is capable of showing unique morphological detail in @entity788 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasonography of chronic XXXX and pancreatic pseudocysts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['branch duct ectasia and lobular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: A review of the less frequent organ damage seen in the so-called @entity4019 , and distinguishing between cryodependent and cryofavouring organ involvement, is presented in this paper. In the first group, along with the well-known renal, cutaneous and articular lesions, the @entity1897 and respiratory involvement, to date too little considered, are worthy of more accurate study. Gastroenteric and cardiac participations are rare. Among the cryofavouring manifestations of the disease, we have pointed out those affecting the liver. In our experience, however, as the immunohistochemical findings suggest, the histological patterns usually considered to be chronic persistent @entity99 are frequently an expression of a @entity706 . A noteworthy percentage of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow has been found in 22 @entity14033 after either needle puncture or osteomedullary biopsy. The histological pictures often resemble a @entity1071 . Clinical and laboratory (computerized tomographic scan) researches frequently show a moderate @entity381 , but in none of the @entity1 was superficial or deep lymph node enlargement found. The authors conclude by considering type II essential cryoimmunoglobulin to be a sign and a marker of a low-grade proliferative disease with rare evolution into @entity706 . At the same time, however, cryoimmunoglobulins themselves cause important injuries that affect the prognosis of the syndrome.

title: Cryodependent and cryoproducing involvement of organs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4019 :: ('MESH:C565141', 'Disease') :: ['essential mixed cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative lymphoma-like process', 'overt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['type II cryoglobulinemias']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity4019 :: (MESH:C565141,Disease) :: ['type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regular exercise has been recommended as a potential strategy to counteract the age-related @entity604 experienced by @entity1 ; however, the optimal exercise prescription is not known. OBJECTIVE: To perform a pilot study to examine the osteogenic effect, safety and feasibility of a combined program of upper body resistance exercise and two doses of impact-loading exercise on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of middle-aged and older @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-two community-dwelling @entity1 aged 50-74 years were randomly assigned to either an exercise program of combined upper body resistance exercise and either high-dose impact-loading (HI; 80 jumps per session) or moderate-dose impact-loading (MOD; 40 jumps per session) or a control (CON) group. The 9-month intervention involved 4 sessions each week: 2 supervised clinic-based and 2 home-based. @entity79 of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, trochanter and whole body as well as lean and fat mass were assessed at baseline and 9 months by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover markers, hormone levels, physical function and muscle strength were also assessed. RESULTS: Following 9 months of training, significant differences in @entity79 among groups were found at the total hip (p = 0.010) and trochanter (p = 0.047) with @entity79 in the MOD group decreasing relative to the HI group. Although not significant, the HI group consistently preserved @entity79 , whereas @entity79 of the MOD and CON groups declined at the hip sites. Mean change for all groups at all skeletal sites was approximately within   1%. There was no change in bone turnover markers. There were no adverse events as a result of the intervention; however, overall attendance for the HI and MOD groups was 53% (clinic: 68%, home: 38%) and 65% (clinic: 74%, home: 55%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that while impact-loading exercise can be safely undertaken in middle-aged and older @entity1 , the current combined program did not elicit significant improvements in @entity79 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Osteogenic Effect of Impact-Loading and Resistance Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Older XXXX : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: A paradigm shift is currently ongoing in the treatment of @entity508 in childhood in Japan. Functional posterior rhizotomy (FPR), which was first introduced to Japan in 1996, is best indicated for @entity1 with @entity306 , regardless of the clinical severity of @entity508 . Surgery is generally carried out in the cauda equina, where the posterior root is separated from the anterior one, and neurophysiological procedures are used to judge which nerve root/rootlet should be cut. The outcome of FPR is favorable for reducing @entity508 in the long-term follow-up. Intrathecal @entity1772 (ITB) treatment for childhood @entity508 was approved in 2007 in Japan and the number of @entity1 undergoing ITB pump implantation has been gradually increasing. ITB treatment is best indicated for @entity1 with severe @entity508 , especially those with @entity3519 , regardless of the pathological background. Since it is a surgery performed to implant foreign bodies, special attention should be paid to avoid perioperative complications such as @entity5254 , @entity693 , and mechanical failure. Severely disabled @entity1 with @entity508 would benefit most from ITB treatment. We would especially like to emphasize the importance of a strategic approach to the treatment of childhood @entity508 . The first step is to reduce @entity508 by FPR, ITB, and botulinum toxin injection. The second step is to aim for functional improvement after controlling @entity508 . Traditional orthopedic surgery and neuro-rehabilitation form the second step of treatment. The combination of these treatments that allows them to complement each other is the key to a successful treatment of childhood @entity508 .

title: Neurosurgical Management of Childhood Spasticity: Functional Posterior Rhizotomy and Intrathecal XXXX Infusion Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF leakage']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['Baclofen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The microenvironment of a preimplantation embryo can influence changes in development that affect postnatal phenotypes. One of the potential mediators of this effect in many species is colony-stimulating factor ( @entity45359 ), which can increase an embryo's ability to establish pregnancy after its transfer into recipients. Exposure of embryos to @entity45359 during early development can also affect the pattern of development later in pregnancy in a sex-dependent manner. We therefore hypothesized that treatment of in vitro-produced embryos with @entity45359 in culture would alter birth weight and postnatal growth of the resultant @entity291 . Body weight and withers height were measured for Holstein heifer @entity291 produced in vitro with or without 10   ng/ml @entity45359 and for @entity291 produced by artificial insemination. There were no differences in birth weight between groups; thereafter, however, @entity291 from the @entity45359 -treated group experienced greater increases in body weight through 13 months of age, with only small differences in withers height. These results support the model that an embryo's postnatal characteristics can be programmed during the preimplantation period, and that @entity45359 is one of the embryokines through which programming is directed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Exposure to colony stimulating factor 2 during preimplantation development increases postnatal growth in XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping has been shown to non-invasively depict microstructural changes (T2) and oxygenation status (T2* and T2') that are invisible on conventional MRI. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether T2 and T2' quantification detects cerebral (micro-)structural damage and chronic @entity519 in lesions and in normal appearing white matter (WM) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Measurements were complemented by the assessment of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the degree of @entity62 and WM @entity194 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity63 and 18 age-matched healthy controls were included. High-resolution, motion-corrected T2, T2*, and T2' mapping, CBF mapping (pulsed arterial spin labeling, PASL), and segmentation of @entity62 and WM were used to depict specific changes in both groups. All parameters were compared between @entity1 and healthy controls, using t testing. Values of p   <   0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly increased T2 in lesions (p   <   0.01) and in unaffected WM (p   =   0.045) as well as significantly increased T2* in lesions (p   =   0.003). A significant decrease of T2' was detected in @entity1 in unaffected WM (p   =   0.027), while no T2' changes were observed in @entity62 (p   =   0.13). Both unaffected WM and @entity62 were significantly decreased in volume in the @entity1 -group (p   <   0.01). No differences of PASL-based CBF could be shown. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping might be used to detect subtle structural and metabolic changes in @entity63 . Assessing the grade of @entity16 and @entity519 might be helpful to monitor disease progression and to perform risk assessment.

title: Quantitative T2, T2*, and T2' MR imaging in @entity1 with @entity63 might detect microstructural changes and cortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IL', 'ischemic leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural damage']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping has been shown to non-invasively depict microstructural changes (T2) and oxygenation status (T2* and T2') that are invisible on conventional MRI. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether T2 and T2' quantification detects cerebral (micro-)structural damage and chronic @entity519 in lesions and in normal appearing white matter (WM) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Measurements were complemented by the assessment of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the degree of @entity62 and WM @entity194 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity63 and 18 age-matched healthy controls were included. High-resolution, motion-corrected T2, T2*, and T2' mapping, CBF mapping (pulsed arterial spin labeling, PASL), and segmentation of @entity62 and WM were used to depict specific changes in both groups. All parameters were compared between @entity1 and healthy controls, using t testing. Values of p   <   0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly increased T2 in lesions (p   <   0.01) and in unaffected WM (p   =   0.045) as well as significantly increased T2* in lesions (p   =   0.003). A significant decrease of T2' was detected in @entity1 in unaffected WM (p   =   0.027), while no T2' changes were observed in @entity62 (p   =   0.13). Both unaffected WM and @entity62 were significantly decreased in volume in the @entity1 -group (p   <   0.01). No differences of PASL-based CBF could be shown. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping might be used to detect subtle structural and metabolic changes in @entity63 . Assessing the grade of @entity16 and @entity519 might be helpful to monitor disease progression and to perform risk assessment.

title: Quantitative T2, T2*, and T2' MR imaging in @entity1 with XXXX might detect microstructural changes and cortical @entity519 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic leukoaraiosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping has been shown to non-invasively depict microstructural changes (T2) and oxygenation status (T2* and T2') that are invisible on conventional MRI. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether T2 and T2' quantification detects cerebral (micro-)structural damage and chronic @entity519 in lesions and in normal appearing white matter (WM) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Measurements were complemented by the assessment of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the degree of @entity62 and WM @entity194 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity63 and 18 age-matched healthy controls were included. High-resolution, motion-corrected T2, T2*, and T2' mapping, CBF mapping (pulsed arterial spin labeling, PASL), and segmentation of @entity62 and WM were used to depict specific changes in both groups. All parameters were compared between @entity1 and healthy controls, using t testing. Values of p   <   0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly increased T2 in lesions (p   <   0.01) and in unaffected WM (p   =   0.045) as well as significantly increased T2* in lesions (p   =   0.003). A significant decrease of T2' was detected in @entity1 in unaffected WM (p   =   0.027), while no T2' changes were observed in @entity62 (p   =   0.13). Both unaffected WM and @entity62 were significantly decreased in volume in the @entity1 -group (p   <   0.01). No differences of PASL-based CBF could be shown. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping might be used to detect subtle structural and metabolic changes in @entity63 . Assessing the grade of @entity16 and @entity519 might be helpful to monitor disease progression and to perform risk assessment.

title: Quantitative T2, T2*, and T2' MR imaging in XXXX with @entity63 might detect microstructural changes and cortical @entity519 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with another minimally invasive technique, the laparoscopic simple prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared  outcomes of a series of 40 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (n=20) with laser enucleation of the prostate (n=20) for large @entity652 (>100grams) at our institution. Study variables included operative time and catheterization time, hospital stay, pre- and post-operative International Prostate Symptom Score and maximum urinary flow rate, complications and economic evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student t test and Fisher test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity1 age, preoperative prostatic size, operating time or specimen weight between the 2 groups. Duration of catheterization (P=.0008) and hospital stay (P<.0001) were significantly less in the laser group. Both groups showed a statistically significant improvement in functional variables at 3months post operatively. The cost utility analysis for @entity23008 per case was 2589 @entity7634 versus 4706 per laparoscopic case. In the laser arm, 4 @entity1 (20%) experienced complications according to the modified Clavien classification system versus 5 (25%) in the laparoscopic group (P>.99). CONCLUSION: Holmium enucleation of the prostate has similar short term functional results and complication rates compared to laparoscopic simple prostatectomy performed in large glands with the advantage of less catheterization time, lower economic costs and a reduced hospital stay.

title: Holmium laser enucleation versus laparoscopic simple prostatectomy for large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity717 ( @entity717 ) with reference to levels of sick leave and disability pension in early @entity785 ( @entity785 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity785 living in the southern part of Sweden with onset of their first non-Raynaud symptom between 2003 and 2009 and with a followup of 36 months were included in a longitudinal study. Thirty-two @entity1 (26 @entity1 , 24 with limited @entity785 ) with a median age of 47.5 years (interquartile range 43-53) were identified. @entity717 was calculated in 30-day intervals from 12 months prior to disease onset until 36 months after, presented as the prevalence of @entity717 per year (0-3) and as the period prevalence of mean net days per month (   SD). Comparisons were made between @entity1 with different disease severity and sociodemographic characteristics, and between @entity1 and a reference group (RG) from the general population. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent had no @entity717 1 year prior to disease onset, which decreased to 47% after 3 years. The relative risk for @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity785 compared with RG was 0.95 (95% CI 0.39-2.33) at diagnosis, and increased to 2.41 (1.28-4.55) after 3 years. There were no significant correlations between @entity717 and disease severity, but between @entity717 and years at workplace (rs = -0.72; p = 0.002), education (rs = -0.51; p = 0.004), and sickness absence the month before disease onset (rs = 0.58; p = 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Considerable increase in @entity717 was noted 3 years after disease onset. Limited education, fewer years at workplace, and sickness absence before disease onset may be risk factors for sustained @entity717 .

title: Work Disability in Early XXXX : A Longitudinal Population-based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic Sclerosis']


abstract: Case report forms from a multicenter, randomized trial comparing @entity5505 (50 @entity1 ) with @entity2890 plus @entity4967 (control group, 44 @entity1 ) in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections were reviewed. Two subsets of @entity1 were identified. The target @entity1 population (group I) comprised older @entity1 with predisposing @entity102 (eg, @entity6 ) and an average of 1.8 bacterial pathogens per @entity1 . Necrotizing soft-tissue and @entity6081 predominated. Group II comprised younger @entity1 with acute onset of monomicrobial @entity2688 or staphylococcal or streptococcal abscess. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 93% of @entity5505 -treated and 94% of control group I @entity1 . Bacteriological eradication of the initial pathogens without superinfection was obtained in 85% and 82%, respectively, of the two treatment groups. In group II, each of the nine @entity5505 -treated @entity1 was cured or improved and bacteria were eradicated; in the control group, nine of ten @entity1 were clinically and bacteriologically cured. Among all @entity1 , @entity794 was eradicated in 18 of 19 treated with @entity5505 and in 14 of 15 treated with the control agents. The results of the study demonstrate the efficacy of @entity5505 as initial monotherapy for soft-tissue infections in @entity1 with compromised vascularity.

title: XXXX versus @entity2890 plus @entity4967 in the treatment of soft-tissue infections.

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['Ceftazidime']


abstract: Case report forms from a multicenter, randomized trial comparing @entity5505 (50 @entity1 ) with @entity2890 plus @entity4967 (control group, 44 @entity1 ) in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections were reviewed. Two subsets of @entity1 were identified. The target @entity1 population (group I) comprised older @entity1 with predisposing @entity102 (eg, @entity6 ) and an average of 1.8 bacterial pathogens per @entity1 . Necrotizing soft-tissue and @entity6081 predominated. Group II comprised younger @entity1 with acute onset of monomicrobial @entity2688 or staphylococcal or streptococcal abscess. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 93% of @entity5505 -treated and 94% of control group I @entity1 . Bacteriological eradication of the initial pathogens without superinfection was obtained in 85% and 82%, respectively, of the two treatment groups. In group II, each of the nine @entity5505 -treated @entity1 was cured or improved and bacteria were eradicated; in the control group, nine of ten @entity1 were clinically and bacteriologically cured. Among all @entity1 , @entity794 was eradicated in 18 of 19 treated with @entity5505 and in 14 of 15 treated with the control agents. The results of the study demonstrate the efficacy of @entity5505 as initial monotherapy for soft-tissue infections in @entity1 with compromised vascularity.

title: @entity5505 versus @entity2890 plus XXXX in the treatment of soft-tissue infections.

answer: @entity4967 :: (MESH:D013982,Chemical) :: ['ticarcillin']


abstract: Case report forms from a multicenter, randomized trial comparing @entity5505 (50 @entity1 ) with @entity2890 plus @entity4967 (control group, 44 @entity1 ) in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections were reviewed. Two subsets of @entity1 were identified. The target @entity1 population (group I) comprised older @entity1 with predisposing @entity102 (eg, @entity6 ) and an average of 1.8 bacterial pathogens per @entity1 . Necrotizing soft-tissue and @entity6081 predominated. Group II comprised younger @entity1 with acute onset of monomicrobial @entity2688 or staphylococcal or streptococcal abscess. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 93% of @entity5505 -treated and 94% of control group I @entity1 . Bacteriological eradication of the initial pathogens without superinfection was obtained in 85% and 82%, respectively, of the two treatment groups. In group II, each of the nine @entity5505 -treated @entity1 was cured or improved and bacteria were eradicated; in the control group, nine of ten @entity1 were clinically and bacteriologically cured. Among all @entity1 , @entity794 was eradicated in 18 of 19 treated with @entity5505 and in 14 of 15 treated with the control agents. The results of the study demonstrate the efficacy of @entity5505 as initial monotherapy for soft-tissue infections in @entity1 with compromised vascularity.

title: @entity5505 versus XXXX plus @entity4967 in the treatment of soft-tissue infections.

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have a high risk of @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels could predict @entity65 or @entity204 after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: This was a nationwide population-based observational cohort study that included all @entity1 with @entity6 who underwent primary isolated nonemergency CABG in Sweden between 1997 and 2012, according to the Swedish National @entity6 Register and the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in @entity299 Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) register. We calculated the crude incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and used Cox regression and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) to estimate the risk of both all-cause mortality and major adverse @entity65 (MACE), defined as @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity712 , or repeat revascularization, in relation to HbA1c  levels. RESULTS: In total, 764 @entity1 with @entity6 were included. During a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 334 (44%) @entity1 died or had MACE (incidence rate: 82 events/1,000 @entity1 -years). After multivariable adjustment, the HR (95% CI) for  @entity204 or MACE in @entity1 with HbA1c levels of 7.1% to 8.0%, 8.1% to 9.0%, 9.1% to 10.0%, and >10.0% were 1.34  (0.82 to 2.21), 1.59 (1.00 to 2.54), 1.73 (1.03 to 2.90), and 2.25 (1.29 to 3.94), respectively, compared with the  reference category. When HbA1c was used as a continuous variable, the HR for a 1% increase in HbA1c level was 1.18, and  the 95% CI was 1.06 to 1.32. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 , poor glycemic control before CABG was associated with increased long-term  risk of @entity204 or MACE. (HeAlth-data Register sTudies of Risk and Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery [HARTROCS]; NCT02276950).

title: Glycemic Control in Type 1 XXXX and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Events or Death After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that the naturally occurring @entity19 autoantibodies directed against bromelainized @entity19 red blood cells (BrMRBC) comprised a family of structurally related molecules bearing a common idiotypic determinant ( @entity2723 ) based on structural and idiotypic analysis of a series of anti-BrMRBC monoclonal autoantibodies derived from a fusion of peritoneal cells (PerC) with @entity6872 . In the present studies, we have evaluated the quantitative expression of circulating @entity2723 idiotype related to autoantibodies against BrMRBC in relation to specific PerC anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming activity in an individual @entity19 of different strains. The data presented here show no direct relationship between serum @entity2723 idiotype expression and PerC anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming activity in an individual @entity19 of all strains tested. However, the circulating @entity2723 idiotype content is higher in strains, viz., CBA/J, NZB, C3H, BXSB, and Biozzi high responder (H) @entity19 which exhibit a high perC autoantibody secretory activity against BrMRBC. The strains such as BALB/c, DBA2, SJL/J, CBA/N, and Biozzi low responder (L) express little or no circulating @entity2723 idiotype with a corresponding small or no PerC anti-BrMRBC activity. Furthermore, the PerC "auto"-immune phenomenon is markedly expressed in the normal CBA/J strain since these @entity19 show a higher percentage ratio of @entity2723 idiotype over serum IgM (2.68%) as well as highest PerC anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming activity (11,319 +/- 18,029 plaques per million viable cells) compared to other normal and autoimmune strains tested. Nevertheless, the highest circulating serum @entity2723 idiotype (49.4 micrograms/ml) is observed in the autoimmune NZB @entity19 . The immunodeficient CBA/ @entity19 fail to express detectable levels of @entity2723 idiotype in their serum. The experiments conducted in genetically selected outbred Biozzi (H and L) strain have revealed remarkable differences in serum @entity2723 idiotype expression as well as PerC anti-BrMRBC plaque-forming activity in these two lines. The expression of @entity19 PerC "auto"-immune phenomenon and quantitative circulation of @entity2723 idiotype in the serum seem to be related to regulatory mechanisms as for @entity742 erythrocytes and other natural antigens earlier demonstrated to be under polygenic regulation in Biozzi (H and L) @entity19 .

title: Autoantibodies against bromelainized XXXX erythrocyte: strain distribution of serum idiotype expression and relative peritoneal cell activity.

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity694 , the second leading cause of @entity5 in the United States, is resistant to chemotherapy in a large majority of cases. Single-agent and combination chemotherapy have failed to prolong survival. New approaches are clearly needed. In experimental models, a steep dose-response curve for @entity14 has been demonstrated using various agents. The @entity137 of high-dose therapy with these drugs can be circumvented by autologous bone marrow transplantation. We investigated the use of high-dose melphalan with autologous bone marrow rescue in 20 @entity1 with metastatic @entity694 . Each @entity1 received melphalan, 180 mg/m2 intravenously (IV), followed eight hours later by bone marrow infusion. Median duration of @entity3028 (less than 500 neutrophils/microL) was twelve days (range, 5 to 35 days), while transfusion-dependent @entity882 (less than 20,000 platelets/microL) had a median duration of eight days (range, 3 to 23 days). Time to bone marrow engraftment was not affected by prior @entity1487 therapy. @entity390 and @entity391 occurred in 14 @entity1 but was generally short lived. Mild @entity3136 , @entity2910 , and @entity294 were common. Severe gastrointestinal (GI) side effects did not occur. One treatment-related @entity204 occurred secondary to intramural @entity39 , which resulted in massive @entity360 . Complete responses were observed in three @entity1 (15%) and partial responses in six @entity1 (30%), for an overall response rate of 45%. Median survival was 198 days in this group of @entity1 with @entity66 . High-dose melphalan therapy for metastatic @entity694 , when used with autologous bone marrow transplantation, appears to achieve a high response rate with tolerable @entity137 . Further investigation is needed to define the role of this therapy in the care of advanced @entity694 .

title: Phase II trial of high-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'hematopoietic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumor necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon carcinoma', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['lower GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were treated with a high-dose combination chemotherapy regimen and autologous bone marrow support. Thirteen @entity1 had prior combination chemotherapy. Fifteen @entity1 were treated with a phase II regimen of @entity786 (5.625 g/m2), @entity900 (165 mg/m2), and BCNU (600 mg/m2). Bone marrow harvest and reconstitution were uncomplicated. All @entity1 became profoundly myelosuppressed. Fourteen of 16 evaluable @entity1 (88%) responded, including six complete responses (CRs) (38%). The median time to @entity5 progression was 5 months. The median survival was 8 months. CRs occurred more frequently in @entity1 with no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease, @entity0 ; and @entity1 treated within 3 months of first recurrence. The rate of @entity5 regression was rapid, with a median of 11 days to partial response (PR) and 12 days to CR. Those @entity1 achieving a PR by day 7 had a greater likelihood (P = .03) of attaining a CR than those @entity1 whose PR occurred later. Three @entity204 (18%) occurred, all in @entity1 with @entity0 treated with prior chemotherapy. High-dose combined alkylating agent therapy produced high PR and CR rates in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 , most of whom had failed prior chemotherapy. The rate of @entity5 regression was rapid. Current efforts are directed at developing a regimen using drugs specifically active in @entity0 , with an intent of combining an effective high-dose regimen with additional modalities of therapy in the treatment of @entity0 .

title: High-dose combination alkylating agent chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'inflammatory breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of chronic stable severe @entity951 . In a short-term study the effect of TENS was studied in 10 male @entity1 with @entity951 (functional class III and IV). All @entity1 had previously been stabilized on long-term maximal oral treatment. The effects of the treatment were measured by means of repeated bicycle ergometer tests. All @entity1 had an increased working capacity (16-85%), decreased ST segment @entity308 and reduced recovery time during TENS. No adverse effects were observed. A long-term study of TENS on similarly selected @entity1 showed beneficial effects in terms of @entity158 , increased physical activity and increased working capacity during bicycle ergometer tests. An invasive study was carried out with respect to systemic and coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism during pacing provoked @entity741 in 13 @entity1 . The results showed that TENS led to an increased tolerance to pacing, improved @entity880 metabolism, less pronounced ST segment @entity308 . A drop in systolic blood pressure during TENS treatment at identical pacing rates indicated a decreased afterload. An increased coronary flow to @entity63 areas in the myocardium was supported by the fact that the rate pressure product during @entity158 increased during TENS.

title: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain', 'pain reduction, reduced frequency of anginal attacks']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: In 15 @entity1 with moderate @entity712 not completely controlled on digoxin (0.25 mg o.d.) and @entity1483 (25 mg o.d.), we compared the addition of @entity3371 (12.5 to 50 mg b.i.d.) with increasing doses of @entity1483 (25 to 100 mg o.d.), in a randomized double-blind, double-dummy, comparative trial. Thirteen @entity1 completed the 3 months study: two dropped-out in the @entity1483 group. Statistically significant clinical improvement occurred in both treatment groups. Exercise tolerance also significantly improved in both groups in a parallel fashion. Echocardiographic cardiac function data showed a significantly better pattern of changes in the @entity3371 group. The addition of low doses of @entity3371 to basal therapy seems to be as effective as the addition of high doses of @entity1483 in uncontrolled moderate @entity712 . This approach with @entity3371 also appears to be more physiological and safe.

title: Addition of @entity3371 versus increasing diuretics in moderate but deteriorating XXXX : a double-blind comparative trial.

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In 15 @entity1 with moderate @entity712 not completely controlled on digoxin (0.25 mg o.d.) and @entity1483 (25 mg o.d.), we compared the addition of @entity3371 (12.5 to 50 mg b.i.d.) with increasing doses of @entity1483 (25 to 100 mg o.d.), in a randomized double-blind, double-dummy, comparative trial. Thirteen @entity1 completed the 3 months study: two dropped-out in the @entity1483 group. Statistically significant clinical improvement occurred in both treatment groups. Exercise tolerance also significantly improved in both groups in a parallel fashion. Echocardiographic cardiac function data showed a significantly better pattern of changes in the @entity3371 group. The addition of low doses of @entity3371 to basal therapy seems to be as effective as the addition of high doses of @entity1483 in uncontrolled moderate @entity712 . This approach with @entity3371 also appears to be more physiological and safe.

title: Addition of XXXX versus increasing diuretics in moderate but deteriorating @entity712 : a double-blind comparative trial.

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: @entity66 are a major cause of illness and @entity204 among @entity1 and young @entity1 , especially in developing countries. They are also the principal cause of illness in tourists who travel to these countries. Overall, the main causes of @entity294 are bacterial. Campylobacter, enteropathogenic @entity526 , @entity6835 and enterotoxigenic @entity526 are, in this order, the most common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in developing countries, and campylobacter and @entity6835 in developed countries. Even though the cornerstone of the treatment of @entity294 is oral rehydration, especially in @entity1 , the better knowledge of the pathogens involved and the mechanisms by which these organisms produce @entity294 has brought the reconsideration of antibiotic use, which just a few years ago was considered unnecessary except for @entity6835 . The increasing number of @entity6835 and @entity1680 resistant to @entity869 and @entity799 and the recognition of campylobacter, an enteropathogen normally resistant to these drugs as a major cause of @entity294 , makes it necessary to investigate new agents against these three enteropathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies done in Mexico and other parts of the world have shown that @entity4258 , a new @entity1536 , is very active against multi-resistant @entity1680 and @entity6835 and against campylobacter, with MIC values of approximately 0.8 mg/l. Furthermore, it achieves high concentrations in faeces after oral administration. Clinical studies of @entity4258 used in inflammatory @entity294 and in prophylaxis of traveller's @entity294 have demonstrated it to be an effective and well-tolerated drug. @entity4258 has great potential for the treatment of @entity2348 reflected by its broad in vitro activity as well as its effectiveness in initial clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity4258 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1680 :: ('90370', 'Species') :: ['S. typhi', 'Salmonella typhi']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoeal diseases']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['Norfloxacin', 'norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial enteric infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial enteric infections']


abstract: @entity66 are a major cause of illness and @entity204 among @entity1 and young @entity1 , especially in developing countries. They are also the principal cause of illness in tourists who travel to these countries. Overall, the main causes of @entity294 are bacterial. Campylobacter, enteropathogenic @entity526 , @entity6835 and enterotoxigenic @entity526 are, in this order, the most common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in developing countries, and campylobacter and @entity6835 in developed countries. Even though the cornerstone of the treatment of @entity294 is oral rehydration, especially in @entity1 , the better knowledge of the pathogens involved and the mechanisms by which these organisms produce @entity294 has brought the reconsideration of antibiotic use, which just a few years ago was considered unnecessary except for @entity6835 . The increasing number of @entity6835 and @entity1680 resistant to @entity869 and @entity799 and the recognition of campylobacter, an enteropathogen normally resistant to these drugs as a major cause of @entity294 , makes it necessary to investigate new agents against these three enteropathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies done in Mexico and other parts of the world have shown that @entity4258 , a new @entity1536 , is very active against multi-resistant @entity1680 and @entity6835 and against campylobacter, with MIC values of approximately 0.8 mg/l. Furthermore, it achieves high concentrations in faeces after oral administration. Clinical studies of @entity4258 used in inflammatory @entity294 and in prophylaxis of traveller's @entity294 have demonstrated it to be an effective and well-tolerated drug. @entity4258 has great potential for the treatment of @entity2348 reflected by its broad in vitro activity as well as its effectiveness in initial clinical trials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity2348 .

answer: @entity4258 :: (MESH:D009643,Chemical) :: ['Norfloxacin']


abstract: Contact thermography using liquid crystals provides a simple, inexpensive method of evaluating @entity66 . It does not duplicate information provided by other noninvasive methods, because, whereas Dopplers give an indication of flow and degree of @entity850 in the artery, thermography measures the actual hypoperfusion as demonstrated by diminished temperature in areas of the forehead supplied by branches of the ophthalmic artery. A 74-year-old @entity1 presented with bilateral carotid distribution TIAs. Carotid Dopplers and angiography revealed 99% occlusion of both internal carotid arteries. Contact thermography showed diminished temperature in the right supraorbital artery territory. The @entity1 subsequently underwent carotid endarterectomy. Following induction of anesthesia but prior to carotid clamping, the @entity1 became transiently @entity551 . Intraoperative EEG monitoring showed marked attenuation of the background rhythm on the right with preservation of background on the left. Normal rhythm was quickly restored with pharmacologic restoration of the blood pressure. This case illustrates the usefulness of thermography, which predicted the hemisphere in jeopardy when Dopplers and angiography showed equal bilateral disease.

title: Thermography as a predictor of the more involved side in bilateral XXXX : case history.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['carotid disease']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5881 frequently reveal an increase in IgA serum concentration and IgA deposits in a continuous pattern along hepatic sinusoids. We investigated whether the hepatic IgA deposits are a passive reflection of changes in concentration or composition of IgA in the circulation, or represent a distinct effect of @entity167 on the liver. Forty-one @entity1 with @entity5881 (daily @entity167 intake at least 50 gm for more than five consecutive years) were compared with 41 @entity1 with @entity409 . @entity1 in both groups were matched for serum IgA and histopathological changes in the liver biopsy. IgA deposits in the liver were found in 78% of the @entity988 @entity1 and in 12% of the nonalcoholic @entity1 . The presence of deposits was not related to histopathological changes in the liver or to the serum IgA concentration. In serum IgA subclass distribution, @entity988 @entity1 differed from nonalcoholic @entity1 by a slight but significant shift to IgA2; in contrast, the hepatic IgA deposits in @entity988 @entity1 were almost of the @entity5727 subclass. Serum secretory component (which is an equivalent of serum secretory IgA) was elevated in both @entity988 and nonalcoholic @entity1 ; @entity1 with a liver biopsy revealing @entity99 showed the highest level. In contrast, the hepatic deposits did not contain secretory component. We conclude that the continuous deposits of IgA along liver sinusoids are not a passive reflection of changes in concentration or composition of circulating IgA, but may represent a distinct effect of @entity167 on the liver related to the role of this organ in IgA metabolism.

title: Characteristics of serum IgA and liver IgA deposits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: To test the hypothesis of whether high doses of chemotherapy in combination achieve higher response rates and longer durations of response and survival, we treated 33 pre- and perimenopausal @entity1 with good performance status in a prospective trial with escalating doses of @entity1487 , @entity632 and @entity786 (FAC). @entity1 were randomly assigned to be treated within a protected environment (laminar air flow room), with prophylactic antibiotics, or in a standard hospital room. Important @entity1 characteristics were equally distributed in the two treatment arms. A major objective response was observed in 27 of the 32 evaluable @entity1 (84%), and 11 (34%) achieved a complete remission (CR). There was no significant difference in overall and complete response rates between the two treatment arms, nor was there a substantial difference in times to progression or survival between the groups treated in or out of the protected environment. Comparison of the results of this study with previously reported programs of FAC chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 shows that this study achieved higher overall and complete response rates. However, neither the time to progression, nor the survival of responders or the entire @entity1 group was different from our previous experience with standard FAC chemotherapy. When the study was initiated in 1976, the proposed dose escalation represented high-dose chemotherapy. In retrospect, even the "high" doses used in this study represent only a modest increase over standard doses of chemotherapy. Much steeper dose escalations will be needed to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy in @entity0 , as well as the protective value of the protected environment and prophylactic antibiotics in metastatic @entity0 .

title: High-dose induction chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX in protected environment: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity535 limitation leads in @entity526 relA cells which cannot synthesize @entity17136 (ppGpp) under these conditions to an amplification of pBR 322 DNA. We previously proposed that ppGpp produced in @entity526 relA+ cells subjected to @entity535 limitation inhibits pBR 322 DNA replication (Hecker et al. 1983). In further experiments it was established that an @entity526 relA strain shows plasmid amplification during @entity535 limitation ( @entity369 , @entity1889 , @entity368 or @entity3793 ) only in the presence of sufficient concentrations of @entity1391 , @entity3265 and @entity413 . Plasmid amplification does not occur if @entity3265 or @entity1391 is depleted. We suggest that @entity413 , @entity3265 and @entity1391 are needed for @entity377 and deoxynucleotide synthesis as the essential prerequisite for plasmid amplification. The activity of @entity14474 was determined as an indicator for the expression of plasmid-encoded genes. The enzyme activity remains on a low level during plasmid amplification because of @entity369 exhaustion. A remarkable increase in the activity of @entity14474 was observed after resumption of growth of relA cells containing amplified plasmid DNA. The plasmid content decreased as the cells continued to grow. We found that plasmid amplification and expression of plasmid-localized genes are opposite reactions which do not occur at the same time.

title: Physiological studies on pBR 322 DNA amplification in an XXXX relA strain.

entities_list: @entity17136 :: ('MESH:D006159', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine tetraphosphate']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity51 ( @entity51 ) calculations are affected by @entity130 -related changes in circulating concentrations of anions after injury. In contrast, pH is a direct measurement that corresponds to hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that changes in pH would more closely correspond to organ dysfunction compared with changes in @entity51 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity51 and pH values were collected for the first 48  h after injury from a retrospective cohort of 74 multiply injured adult @entity1 who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for a minimum of 1  wk. Mean and extreme (minimum pH and maximum @entity51 ) values of pH and @entity51 were determined for day 1 (0-24  h) and for day 2 (24-48  h) after injury. Organ dysfunction was measured by averaging daily sequential organ failure assessment scores over the entire duration of intensive care unit admission. @entity51 and pH values were compared with mean modified sequential organ failure assessment scores by univariate and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Organ dysfunction corresponded more closely with changes in pH compared with those in @entity51 . Minimum pH and maximum @entity51 showed better correspondence to organ dysfunction compared with mean values. Minimum pH values at 24-48 h had the highest univariate (r(2)  =  0.43) correspondence to organ dysfunction. In contrast, mean @entity51 values at 24-48 h showed no correspondence (r(2)  =  0.07) to organ dysfunction. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that 24-48  h of minimum pH had the highest numerical effect on organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Correspondence between organ dysfunction and @entity51 deteriorated in contrast to increasing correspondence between organ dysfunction and pH measured within 48  h after injury.

title: The effect of pH versus base deficit on organ failure in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'Base deficit']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity51 ( @entity51 ) calculations are affected by @entity130 -related changes in circulating concentrations of anions after injury. In contrast, pH is a direct measurement that corresponds to hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that changes in pH would more closely correspond to organ dysfunction compared with changes in @entity51 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity51 and pH values were collected for the first 48  h after injury from a retrospective cohort of 74 multiply injured adult @entity1 who were admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for a minimum of 1  wk. Mean and extreme (minimum pH and maximum @entity51 ) values of pH and @entity51 were determined for day 1 (0-24  h) and for day 2 (24-48  h) after injury. Organ dysfunction was measured by averaging daily sequential organ failure assessment scores over the entire duration of intensive care unit admission. @entity51 and pH values were compared with mean modified sequential organ failure assessment scores by univariate and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Organ dysfunction corresponded more closely with changes in pH compared with those in @entity51 . Minimum pH and maximum @entity51 showed better correspondence to organ dysfunction compared with mean values. Minimum pH values at 24-48 h had the highest univariate (r(2)  =  0.43) correspondence to organ dysfunction. In contrast, mean @entity51 values at 24-48 h showed no correspondence (r(2)  =  0.07) to organ dysfunction. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that 24-48  h of minimum pH had the highest numerical effect on organ dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Correspondence between organ dysfunction and @entity51 deteriorated in contrast to increasing correspondence between organ dysfunction and pH measured within 48  h after injury.

title: The effect of pH versus base deficit on organ failure in @entity130 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity910 ( @entity910 ), a @entity66 respiratory cilia motility, is often difficult to diagnose. Recent studies show low nasal @entity842 (nNO) is closely linked to @entity910 , allowing the use of nNO measurement for @entity910 assessments. Nasal NO cutoff values for @entity910 are stratified by age, given nNO levels normally increase with age. However, normative values for nNO have not been established for @entity1 less than 1 year old. In this study, we aim to establish normative values for nNO in @entity1 and determine their utility in guiding @entity1 @entity910 assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We obtained 42 nNO values from @entity1 less than 1 year old without a history of @entity910 or recurrent sinopulmonary disease. Using regression analysis, we estimated the mean age-adjusted nNO values and established a 95% prediction interval (PI) for normal nNO. Using these findings, we were able to show 14 of 15 @entity1 @entity910 @entity1 had abnormally low nNO with values below the 95% PI. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we determined a regression model that best fits normative nNO values for @entity1 less than 1 year old. This model identified the majority of @entity910 @entity1 as having abnormally low nNO. These findings suggest nNO measurement can help guide @entity910 assessment in @entity1 , and perhaps other @entity358 with a link to low nNO. With early assessments, earlier clinical intervention may be possible to slow disease progression and help reduce pulmonary morbidity.

title: Establishing normative nasal XXXX values in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease of impaired']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Primary ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity910 ( @entity910 ), a @entity66 respiratory cilia motility, is often difficult to diagnose. Recent studies show low nasal @entity842 (nNO) is closely linked to @entity910 , allowing the use of nNO measurement for @entity910 assessments. Nasal NO cutoff values for @entity910 are stratified by age, given nNO levels normally increase with age. However, normative values for nNO have not been established for @entity1 less than 1 year old. In this study, we aim to establish normative values for nNO in @entity1 and determine their utility in guiding @entity1 @entity910 assessment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We obtained 42 nNO values from @entity1 less than 1 year old without a history of @entity910 or recurrent sinopulmonary disease. Using regression analysis, we estimated the mean age-adjusted nNO values and established a 95% prediction interval (PI) for normal nNO. Using these findings, we were able to show 14 of 15 @entity1 @entity910 @entity1 had abnormally low nNO with values below the 95% PI. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we determined a regression model that best fits normative nNO values for @entity1 less than 1 year old. This model identified the majority of @entity910 @entity1 as having abnormally low nNO. These findings suggest nNO measurement can help guide @entity910 assessment in @entity1 , and perhaps other @entity358 with a link to low nNO. With early assessments, earlier clinical intervention may be possible to slow disease progression and help reduce pulmonary morbidity.

title: Establishing normative nasal @entity842 values in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ageing is directly associated with @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) deposition and decline of metabolically active cellular mass, which may determine age-related shifts in substrate oxidation and increased cardiometabolic risk. We tested whether @entity1386 and fasting respiratory quotient (RQ, an index of macronutrient oxidation) changed with age and if they were associated with increased risk of @entity209 ( @entity209 ). METHODS: A total of 2819 adult @entity1 (age range: 18-81 years; @entity1 / @entity1 : 894/1925) were included; we collected history, anthropometric measures, biochemistry, smoking habits, and physical activity. The body mass index range was 18.5-60.2  kg/m(2). Gas exchanges (VO2 and VCO2) were measured by indirect calorimetry in fasting conditions, and RQ was calculated. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Abdominal subcutaneous fat and @entity1386 were measured by ultrasonography. @entity209 was diagnosed using harmonised international criteria. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were utilised. RESULTS: @entity1386 increased with age in both @entity1 (r  =  0.31, p  <  0.001) and @entity1 (r  =  0.37, p  <  0.001). Basal RQ was not significantly associated with age (p  =  0.49) and @entity1386 (p  =  0.20); in addition, basal RQ was not a significant predictor of @entity209 (OR 3.31, 0.57-19.08, p  =  0.27). @entity1386 was the primary predictor of @entity209 risk in a fully adjusted logistic model (OR 4.25, 3.01-5.99, p  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10478 remains one of the most important risk factors for cardiometabolic risk and is a significant predictor of @entity209 . Post-absorptive substrate oxidation does not appear to play a significant role in age-related changes in body composition and cardiometabolic risk, except for a correlation with @entity412 concentration.

title: Age-related changes in basal substrate oxidation and visceral adiposity and their association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetSyn']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral fat', 'VAT']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No previous studies have investigated a @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) with an immersed ergocycle and Mediterranean diet counseling (Med) in @entity28 @entity1 . We aimed to compare the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention, Med and @entity2101 with a water-immersed versus dryland ergocycle, on cardiometabolic and exercise parameters in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 95 @entity28 @entity1 at their entry into a 9-month Med and @entity2101 program: 21 were trained on a water-immersed ergocycle and 74 on a standard dryland ergocycle. Body composition, cardiometabolic and exercise parameters were measured before and after the program. RESULTS: For @entity28 @entity1 performing water- and dryland-exercise (mean age 58  9 years versus 55  7 years), BMI was higher for the water- than dryland-exercise group (39.4  8.3kg/m(2) versus 34.7  5.1kg/m(2), P<0.05), and total fat mass, fasting glycemia and @entity1674 level were higher (P<0.05). Both groups showed similarly improved body composition variables (body mass, waist circumference, fat mass, P<0.001), fasting glycemia and @entity1674 level (P<0.05). Initial maximal aerobic capacity ( @entity209 [ @entity209 ]) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were lower for the water- than dryland-exercise group (P<0.05). For both groups, @entity209 , resting HR, resting blood pressure, abdominal and leg muscle endurance were similarly improved (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A long-term Mediterranean diet and @entity2101 program with water-cycling is as effective as a dryland program in improving body composition, fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 level, blood pressure and fitness in @entity28 @entity1 . A Mediterranean diet combined with water-cycling @entity2101 may be efficient for severely @entity28 @entity1 at high risk of musculoskeletal conditions.

title: Effect of aquatic interval training with Mediterranean diet counseling in XXXX @entity1 : Results of a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HIIT', 'high-intensity interval training program']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No previous studies have investigated a @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) with an immersed ergocycle and Mediterranean diet counseling (Med) in @entity28 @entity1 . We aimed to compare the effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention, Med and @entity2101 with a water-immersed versus dryland ergocycle, on cardiometabolic and exercise parameters in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified 95 @entity28 @entity1 at their entry into a 9-month Med and @entity2101 program: 21 were trained on a water-immersed ergocycle and 74 on a standard dryland ergocycle. Body composition, cardiometabolic and exercise parameters were measured before and after the program. RESULTS: For @entity28 @entity1 performing water- and dryland-exercise (mean age 58  9 years versus 55  7 years), BMI was higher for the water- than dryland-exercise group (39.4  8.3kg/m(2) versus 34.7  5.1kg/m(2), P<0.05), and total fat mass, fasting glycemia and @entity1674 level were higher (P<0.05). Both groups showed similarly improved body composition variables (body mass, waist circumference, fat mass, P<0.001), fasting glycemia and @entity1674 level (P<0.05). Initial maximal aerobic capacity ( @entity209 [ @entity209 ]) and maximal heart rate (HRmax) were lower for the water- than dryland-exercise group (P<0.05). For both groups, @entity209 , resting HR, resting blood pressure, abdominal and leg muscle endurance were similarly improved (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A long-term Mediterranean diet and @entity2101 program with water-cycling is as effective as a dryland program in improving body composition, fasting @entity413 , @entity1674 level, blood pressure and fitness in @entity28 @entity1 . A Mediterranean diet combined with water-cycling @entity2101 may be efficient for severely @entity28 @entity1 at high risk of musculoskeletal conditions.

title: Effect of aquatic interval training with Mediterranean diet counseling in @entity28 XXXX : Results of a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Between 1969 and 1984, a group of 54 @entity1 with @entity545 was treated at the Medical Radiation Institute of the University of T  bingen. During the first years conventional X-ray irradiation was applied, and since 1974 @entity1 were submitted to 3 or 5 MeV electron irradiation of a linear accelerator, until a total focal dose of 20 Gy was accumulated. 78% of these @entity1 were between 50 and 60 years old. Sixteen @entity1 suffered from a simultaneous @entity2074 , one @entity1 had a @entity82 of mamma virilis. The treatment results reached from satisfactory until very good in 69% of all cases. Complete regression or a considerable improvement was obtained for indurations in 59%, for deviations in 69%, and for erection algesia in 79%. Radiogenic damages can be excluded in case of a gonad exposition of 0.2 Gy. There were no permanent @entity75 after a total focal dose of 20 Gy. The prognostic importance of an early treatment is underlined; late stages presenting ossifications can be treated only by surgery. For routine diagnosis of site, extent, and possible mineralization of the regions involved, soft ray phallography performed with the technique of mammography can be used.

title: [Radiation treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plastic induration of the penis']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['Dupuytren contracture']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['plastic induration of the penis']


abstract: The @entity460 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity26 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity1 with @entity5135 , @entity3988 , @entity594 and @entity1855 are extremely effective in preventing @entity2749 of @entity3361 and symptoms of @entity63 . Unstable @entity951 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity2749 of @entity63 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity1423 or alterations in the underlying @entity731 . Each of the @entity460 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity951 at rest. @entity594 is the only @entity460 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity3362 for @entity1 with @entity1459 , and control of @entity951 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity741 in @entity1459 are reduced by @entity460 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1459 , suggesting that @entity715 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity741 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity301 . Among @entity1 with @entity5135 and @entity1459 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 appear to be as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 and the @entity460 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of @entity63 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity2749 of silent @entity63 among @entity1 with @entity1459 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity1 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity1423 or increases in myocardial @entity26 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of silent @entity63 in @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: @entity460 antagonists for @entity5135 , @entity1459 and XXXX : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5135 :: ('MESH:C536421', 'Disease') :: ["Prinzmetal's variant angina"]

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['silent myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The @entity460 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity26 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity1 with @entity5135 , @entity3988 , @entity594 and @entity1855 are extremely effective in preventing @entity2749 of @entity3361 and symptoms of @entity63 . Unstable @entity951 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity2749 of @entity63 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity1423 or alterations in the underlying @entity731 . Each of the @entity460 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity951 at rest. @entity594 is the only @entity460 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity3362 for @entity1 with @entity1459 , and control of @entity951 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity741 in @entity1459 are reduced by @entity460 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1459 , suggesting that @entity715 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity741 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity301 . Among @entity1 with @entity5135 and @entity1459 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 appear to be as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 and the @entity460 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of @entity63 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity2749 of silent @entity63 among @entity1 with @entity1459 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity1 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity1423 or increases in myocardial @entity26 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of silent @entity63 in @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: XXXX antagonists for @entity5135 , @entity1459 and @entity741 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: The @entity460 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity26 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity1 with @entity5135 , @entity3988 , @entity594 and @entity1855 are extremely effective in preventing @entity2749 of @entity3361 and symptoms of @entity63 . Unstable @entity951 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity2749 of @entity63 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity1423 or alterations in the underlying @entity731 . Each of the @entity460 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity951 at rest. @entity594 is the only @entity460 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity3362 for @entity1 with @entity1459 , and control of @entity951 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity741 in @entity1459 are reduced by @entity460 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1459 , suggesting that @entity715 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity741 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity301 . Among @entity1 with @entity5135 and @entity1459 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 appear to be as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 and the @entity460 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of @entity63 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity2749 of silent @entity63 among @entity1 with @entity1459 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity1 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity1423 or increases in myocardial @entity26 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of silent @entity63 in @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: @entity460 antagonists for @entity5135 , XXXX and @entity741 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: The @entity460 antagonists provide a unique tool to reduce myocardial @entity26 demand and prevent increases in coronary vasomotor tone. For @entity1 with @entity5135 , @entity3988 , @entity594 and @entity1855 are extremely effective in preventing @entity2749 of @entity3361 and symptoms of @entity63 . Unstable @entity951 is a more complex pathophysiologic syndrome with @entity2749 of @entity63 due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, intermittent @entity1423 or alterations in the underlying @entity731 . Each of the @entity460 antagonists is effective as monotherapy in decreasing the frequency of @entity951 at rest. @entity594 is the only @entity460 antagonist that has been studied in a combination regimen with beta blockers and @entity3362 for @entity1 with @entity1459 , and control of @entity951 is better with the combination regimen than with either form of therapy alone. Although symptoms of @entity741 in @entity1459 are reduced by @entity460 antagonists, these agents do not seem to decrease the incidence of adverse outcomes. Antiplatelet therapy appears to improve morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1459 , suggesting that @entity715 formation may play a central role in that disorder. Episodes of silent or asymptomatic @entity741 , identified by ST-segment monitoring, occur in a variety of disorders of @entity301 . Among @entity1 with @entity5135 and @entity1459 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 appear to be as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 and the @entity460 antagonists are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of @entity63 regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Persisting @entity2749 of silent @entity63 among @entity1 with @entity1459 despite maximal medical therapy identify @entity1 at high risk for an early unfavorable outcome. Among @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 , @entity2749 of silent @entity63 may be up to 5 times as frequent as @entity2749 of @entity951 , and may be due to increases in coronary vasomotor tone, transient @entity1423 or increases in myocardial @entity26 demand. Preliminary experience suggests that @entity460 antagonists and beta blockers are effective in decreasing @entity2749 of silent @entity63 in @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 and that a combination regimen may be more effective than either form of therapy alone.

title: @entity460 antagonists for XXXX , @entity1459 and @entity741 : therapeutic tool and probe for identification of pathophysiologic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity5135 :: (MESH:C536421,Disease) :: ['Prinzmetal's variant angina']


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity413 and 10 mM @entity369 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity6 -resistant BB/ @entity35 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity6 BB/ @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity6 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity413 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity369 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity6 @entity35 , on the first day of the @entity6 , the insulin response to @entity413 was absent but the response to @entity369 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity413 and @entity369 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity369 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity6 -prone @entity35 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity6 @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity6 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity413 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity6 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity6 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity369 -responsive, @entity413 -unresponsive islets with low @entity413 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity6 in BB/ @entity35 .

title: Loss of insulin response to XXXX but not @entity369 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity35 : relationships to islet volume and @entity413 transport rate.

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-prone and diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity413 and 10 mM @entity369 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity6 -resistant BB/ @entity35 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity6 BB/ @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity6 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity413 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity369 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity6 @entity35 , on the first day of the @entity6 , the insulin response to @entity413 was absent but the response to @entity369 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity413 and @entity369 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity369 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity6 -prone @entity35 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity6 @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity6 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity413 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity6 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity6 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity369 -responsive, @entity413 -unresponsive islets with low @entity413 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity6 in BB/ @entity35 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity413 but not @entity369 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity35 : relationships to islet volume and XXXX transport rate.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity413 and 10 mM @entity369 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity6 -resistant BB/ @entity35 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity6 BB/ @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity6 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity413 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity369 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity6 @entity35 , on the first day of the @entity6 , the insulin response to @entity413 was absent but the response to @entity369 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity413 and @entity369 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity369 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity6 -prone @entity35 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity6 @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity6 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity413 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity6 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity6 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity369 -responsive, @entity413 -unresponsive islets with low @entity413 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity6 in BB/ @entity35 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity413 but not XXXX during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity35 : relationships to islet volume and @entity413 transport rate.

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity413 and 10 mM @entity369 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity6 -resistant BB/ @entity35 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity6 BB/ @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity6 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity413 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity369 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity6 @entity35 , on the first day of the @entity6 , the insulin response to @entity413 was absent but the response to @entity369 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity413 and @entity369 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity369 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity6 -prone @entity35 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity6 @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity6 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity413 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity6 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity6 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity369 -responsive, @entity413 -unresponsive islets with low @entity413 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity6 in BB/ @entity35 .

title: Loss of insulin response to @entity413 but not @entity369 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ XXXX : relationships to islet volume and @entity413 transport rate.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['W rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that overweight individuals exhibit an attentional bias for food and that this bias can be modified. This study investigated the longevity of such modification effects. Using a dot probe paradigm, a community sample of overweight and @entity28 @entity1 (N  =  104) was trained to direct attention towards ('attend') or away from ('avoid') food pictures. @entity1 completed five weekly training sessions. Attentional bias was measured before and after training, at 24  h and one-week follow-up. To increase generalisability, at each of the post-training and follow-up assessments, @entity1 were shown a mix of old and new food pictures. They also completed another implicit bias measure, i.e. a word stem task. Attentional bias for food increased in the 'attend' group and decreased in the 'avoid' group. These retraining effects were maintained at 24  h and one-week follow-up, and extended to new food pictures. @entity1 in the 'avoid' group also produced relatively fewer food words on the word stem task than those in the 'attend' group. Results are consistent with predictions of cognitive-motivational models that attentional biases are malleable. They further suggest that attentional bias modification, which targets the implicit processes that underlie the heightened food responsivity in overweight individuals, could help combat pathological (over)eating.

title: Longevity of attentional bias modification effects for food cues in overweight and XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants', 'women']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']