abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the expression levels of total @entity26243 -binding proteins (GNBPs) were up-regulated significantly in @entity1 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activated with transforming growth factor-b1( @entity2533 ), yet little is known about the precise types, distribution and sub-cellular localization of the GNBPs in HSCs. Here, 264 GNBPs from the activated HSCs and 257 GNBPs from the quiescent HSCs were identified and annotated. A total of 46 GNBPs were estimated to be significantly up-regulated and 40 GNBPs were estimated to be significantly down-regulated in the activated HSCs. For example, the GNBPs (i.e. @entity52108 , @entity38806 , and @entity40329 ) responsible for the regulation of protein binding were up-regulated, and those (i.e. @entity72240 , @entity68187 , and @entity20176 ) responsible for the regulation of protein binding were down-regulated in the activated HSCs. The motifs of the isolated GNBPs showed that @entity1521 residue had the maximum preference in consensus sequences. The western blotting showed the expression levels of @entity38806 , and @entity32656 were significantly up-regulated, while, the expression level of CLIC1(B5) was down-regulated in the activated HSCs and liver @entity82 tissues. Moreover, the GNBPs were sub-localized in the Golgi apparatus of HSCs. In conclusion, the precision alteration of the GNBPs referred to pathological changes in liver @entity82 / @entity82 may provide useful information to find new molecular mechanism of HSC activation and discover the biomarkers for diagnosis of liver @entity82 / @entity82 as well as development of new anti-fibrotic strategies.

title: Characterization and Sub-cellular Localization of @entity26243 -Binding Proteins Isolated from XXXX Hepatic Stellate Cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During six years experience of intravenous @entity205 (i.v. Cy) for severe @entity31 we have noted that changes of villous architecture and epithelial regeneration occur even when the disease fails to enter clinical remission and colectomy is required. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histological changes in @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and @entity230 compared with those treated with i.v. @entity230 alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two groups of histological sections were reviewed. The first group was of 23 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had been treated with i.v. Cy and @entity230 . For 11 @entity1 pre-Cy histological sections were available. The second group was of 10 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had received i.v. @entity230 alone. Biopsies were scored for their histological disease activity (HDAI), villous architecture and epithelial regeneration. The HDAI assesses the degree of @entity32 . RESULTS: The post-Cy group had higher median scores for villous architecture and epithelial regeneration compared to the pre-Cy and poststeroid groups. For the @entity1 where both pre- and post-Cy histological sections were available 63% increased their villous score post-Cy and 82% increased their epithelial regeneration score post-Cy. CONCLUSION: Although villous transformation and epithelial regeneration may be seen in UC they are more frequent and more severe in those @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and i.v. @entity230 , compared to controls who received i.v. @entity230 alone. These histological changes may mimic @entity1141 . Increased awareness of this potential mimic of @entity1141 is crucial for @entity1 management.

title: Histological changes associated with the use of intravenous @entity205 in the treatment of severe XXXX may mimic @entity1141 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During six years experience of intravenous @entity205 (i.v. Cy) for severe @entity31 we have noted that changes of villous architecture and epithelial regeneration occur even when the disease fails to enter clinical remission and colectomy is required. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histological changes in @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and @entity230 compared with those treated with i.v. @entity230 alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two groups of histological sections were reviewed. The first group was of 23 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had been treated with i.v. Cy and @entity230 . For 11 @entity1 pre-Cy histological sections were available. The second group was of 10 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had received i.v. @entity230 alone. Biopsies were scored for their histological disease activity (HDAI), villous architecture and epithelial regeneration. The HDAI assesses the degree of @entity32 . RESULTS: The post-Cy group had higher median scores for villous architecture and epithelial regeneration compared to the pre-Cy and poststeroid groups. For the @entity1 where both pre- and post-Cy histological sections were available 63% increased their villous score post-Cy and 82% increased their epithelial regeneration score post-Cy. CONCLUSION: Although villous transformation and epithelial regeneration may be seen in UC they are more frequent and more severe in those @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and i.v. @entity230 , compared to controls who received i.v. @entity230 alone. These histological changes may mimic @entity1141 . Increased awareness of this potential mimic of @entity1141 is crucial for @entity1 management.

title: Histological changes associated with the use of intravenous XXXX in the treatment of severe @entity31 may mimic @entity1141 .

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During six years experience of intravenous @entity205 (i.v. Cy) for severe @entity31 we have noted that changes of villous architecture and epithelial regeneration occur even when the disease fails to enter clinical remission and colectomy is required. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histological changes in @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and @entity230 compared with those treated with i.v. @entity230 alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two groups of histological sections were reviewed. The first group was of 23 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had been treated with i.v. Cy and @entity230 . For 11 @entity1 pre-Cy histological sections were available. The second group was of 10 colectomy specimens from @entity1 who had received i.v. @entity230 alone. Biopsies were scored for their histological disease activity (HDAI), villous architecture and epithelial regeneration. The HDAI assesses the degree of @entity32 . RESULTS: The post-Cy group had higher median scores for villous architecture and epithelial regeneration compared to the pre-Cy and poststeroid groups. For the @entity1 where both pre- and post-Cy histological sections were available 63% increased their villous score post-Cy and 82% increased their epithelial regeneration score post-Cy. CONCLUSION: Although villous transformation and epithelial regeneration may be seen in UC they are more frequent and more severe in those @entity1 who received i.v. Cy and i.v. @entity230 , compared to controls who received i.v. @entity230 alone. These histological changes may mimic @entity1141 . Increased awareness of this potential mimic of @entity1141 is crucial for @entity1 management.

title: Histological changes associated with the use of intravenous @entity205 in the treatment of severe @entity31 may mimic XXXX .

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess knowledge of @entity5 Awareness Week (BCAW) amongst @entity1 attending their general practice surgery and to identify whether BCAW could increase knowledge of @entity14 . METHOD: Questionnaire study with ethics committee approval. @entity1 attending non-emergency clinics in a single general practice during the week following BCAW were given a questionnaire. Respondents were asked for knowledge of @entity14 , sources of this information and awareness of BCAW compared to similar knowledge of @entity0 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 responded (96% response rate, median age 42, 40% male). Eighty-five percent could name a @entity0 symptom compared to only 44% who could name a @entity14 (McNemar's chi2, P < 0.0001). Respondents identified more sources of information for breast than @entity14 . Only 21% had heard of BCAW and none could name any symbol for @entity5 awareness whereas 69% were aware of @entity0 Awareness Month and 28% could name its symbol (McNemar's chi2, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1 who were aware of BCAW were 4.6 times more likely to have knowledge of @entity14 (95% CI 1.25-17.1). CONCLUSIONS: Despite their similar incidence, knowledge of @entity14 is much less than @entity0 . In part this may be due to the greater publicity given to @entity0 . BCAW can increase knowledge of @entity14 but currently, too few @entity1 are aware of it.

title: The impact of XXXX awareness week.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel Cancer', 'bowel cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer symptoms', 'colorectal cancer symptom', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bowel cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study assesses the ability of body coil magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to pre-operatively stage mural penetration, nodal status and @entity3067 ( @entity3067 ) involvement of @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 1997, MRI using a body coil was performed in consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity189 . Group A: 67 @entity1 underwent surgery without long course neo-adjuvant therapy. Predicted @entity5 stage was compared to the histology of the specimen. Group B: 21 @entity1 with MRI evidence of @entity1442 , underwent long course neo-adjuvant therapy followed by repeat MRI prior to surgery. The second scan assessed response to treatment and likelihood of @entity3067 involvement at subsequent surgery. RESULTS: Group A: Accuracy of pre-operative staging was: 'T' stage - 54%, 'N' stage - 77%, involvement of @entity3067 by @entity5 - 97%. Group B: After long course neo-adjuvant therapy the second MRI scan was 95% accurate in predicting @entity3067 involvement by @entity5 . CONCLUSION: In this study pre-operative @entity5 staging with MRI and a body coil lacks accuracy in predicting mural penetration and nodal involvement. Body coil MRI can accurately predict the potential for @entity3067 involvement. This technique may help determine which @entity1 require long course neo-adjuvant therapy.

title: Evaluation of the role of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['circumferential resection margin', 'CRM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 75-year-old @entity1 presented with a blistering @entity272 and @entity1985 . Bullous pemphigoid was diagnosed by linear immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 staining along the basement membrane zone of a skin biopsy specimen and by the presence of circulating IgG recognizing the 180-kDa @entity7248 antigen ( @entity72241 ; type XVII collagen). A kidney biopsy specimen showed @entity32 without crescents. Direct immunofluorescence showed strong IgG and C3 staining in a combined granular and linear pattern along the glomerular basement membrane. Electron microscopy showed subepithelial deposits. In serum, no antibodies against the Goodpasture antigen (type IV collagen) or phospholipase A2 receptor were detected. Indirect immunofluorescence studies using the patient's serum showed a strikingly linear but not granular IgG pattern along the epithelial basement membranes of monkey esophagus and kidney. Although type XVII collagen was recently identified in the glomerulus, the patient's serum did not produce a 180-kDa band on immunoblot of kidney tissue and still stained glomeruli of @entity72241 knockout @entity19 by indirect immunofluorescence. The @entity1 was treated with @entity229 and @entity500 , which resulted in complete remission of skin and kidney manifestations. Although @entity7248 has been reported previously in association with anti- @entity8 or @entity8 , this case demonstrates both elements in 1 @entity1 . This concurrence and the linear pattern on indirect immunofluorescence support the possibility of cross-reactive or parallel autoantibodies to basement membranes with a secondary membranous component.

title: Bullous Pemphigoid With a Dual Pattern of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['endocapillary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane disease', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity7248 :: ('MESH:D010391', 'Disease') :: ['bullous pemphigoid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Glomerular Immune Complex Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) consists of a number of complex processes involving higher-order cognitive functions involved in outcome evaluation. Problems in @entity5516 may have significant negative repercussions on community functioning. We hypothesise in individuals with @entity161 difficulties in community functioning will be associated with @entity5516 problems. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity5516 performance was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in 30 individuals with @entity161 and 32 healthy controls. @entity1 ' choices on the IGT were grouped as: Ambiguous Decisions, where the outcome is uncertain and cannot be predicted (i.e. IGT initial phase), and Risky Decisions, where the outcome can be predicted with an error margin (i.e. IGT final phase). @entity1 with @entity161 were also assessed with measures of community functioning and symptoms. RESULTS: Controls outperformed individuals with @entity161 in risky decisions. In @entity1 , levels of community functioning positively correlated with @entity5516 performance. Symptomatology was not associated with @entity5516 proficiency or functioning. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 may represent an important contributor to poor functional outcomes in @entity1 with @entity161 . Interventions targeting decision making and higher order cognitive problems in @entity1 with @entity161 may have a greater impact on functional difficulties.

title: Exploring the association between the Iowa Gambling Task and community functioning in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['DM impairment']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Decision making']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) consists of a number of complex processes involving higher-order cognitive functions involved in outcome evaluation. Problems in @entity5516 may have significant negative repercussions on community functioning. We hypothesise in individuals with @entity161 difficulties in community functioning will be associated with @entity5516 problems. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity5516 performance was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) in 30 individuals with @entity161 and 32 healthy controls. @entity1 ' choices on the IGT were grouped as: Ambiguous Decisions, where the outcome is uncertain and cannot be predicted (i.e. IGT initial phase), and Risky Decisions, where the outcome can be predicted with an error margin (i.e. IGT final phase). @entity1 with @entity161 were also assessed with measures of community functioning and symptoms. RESULTS: Controls outperformed individuals with @entity161 in risky decisions. In @entity1 , levels of community functioning positively correlated with @entity5516 performance. Symptomatology was not associated with @entity5516 proficiency or functioning. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 may represent an important contributor to poor functional outcomes in @entity1 with @entity161 . Interventions targeting decision making and higher order cognitive problems in @entity1 with @entity161 may have a greater impact on functional difficulties.

title: Exploring the association between the Iowa Gambling Task and community functioning in XXXX with @entity161 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single dose caudal epidural is commonly utilized for @entity86 in @entity1 . Previous studies have determined the optimal concentration of local anaesthetic, and the minimal volume to produce a desired dermatomal distribution. However, none has sought the optimal volume to administer. The specific aim of this study was to determine whether the volume of caudal epidural local anaesthetic influenced the duration of @entity86 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 aged 1-6 years and ASAPS I-II scheduled for elective inguinal herniorraphy were enrolled in this randomized and blinded clinical trial. They received a standardized general anaesthetic with one of three possible doses of caudal epidural analgesic: 0.7, 1.0, or 1.3 ml.kg-1 of 0.175% @entity1341 with 1 : 200 000 @entity1425 . The @entity1 were assessed by blinded observers during in-hospital recovery and by parents at home. RESULTS: The principal outcome measure of time until first postoperative analgesic requirement was similar between the groups (4.2, 3.6, and 4.8 h respectively). Other effects which might be altered by epidural @entity1337 , including time until first void, ambulation, and discharge readiness did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing local anaesthetic dose and volume do not increase the duration of @entity86 of caudal epidural in @entity1 undergoing inguinal herniorraphy.

title: The dose of caudal epidural XXXX and duration of @entity86 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single dose caudal epidural is commonly utilized for @entity86 in @entity1 . Previous studies have determined the optimal concentration of local anaesthetic, and the minimal volume to produce a desired dermatomal distribution. However, none has sought the optimal volume to administer. The specific aim of this study was to determine whether the volume of caudal epidural local anaesthetic influenced the duration of @entity86 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 aged 1-6 years and ASAPS I-II scheduled for elective inguinal herniorraphy were enrolled in this randomized and blinded clinical trial. They received a standardized general anaesthetic with one of three possible doses of caudal epidural analgesic: 0.7, 1.0, or 1.3 ml.kg-1 of 0.175% @entity1341 with 1 : 200 000 @entity1425 . The @entity1 were assessed by blinded observers during in-hospital recovery and by parents at home. RESULTS: The principal outcome measure of time until first postoperative analgesic requirement was similar between the groups (4.2, 3.6, and 4.8 h respectively). Other effects which might be altered by epidural @entity1337 , including time until first void, ambulation, and discharge readiness did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing local anaesthetic dose and volume do not increase the duration of @entity86 of caudal epidural in @entity1 undergoing inguinal herniorraphy.

title: The dose of caudal epidural @entity1337 and duration of XXXX .

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative analgesia']


abstract: The stringent starvation protein A (SspA), an @entity526 RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein, has been reported to be essential for lytic growth of @entity10483 . Unlike P1 early promoters, P1 late promoters are not recognized by RNAP alone. A phage-encoded early protein, @entity72242 ( @entity72242 , formerly called gp10), has been shown to be required for P1 late transcription in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that SspA is a transcription activator for P1 late genes. Our results indicated that @entity72242 is not limiting in an sspA mutant. However, the transcription of P1 late genes was deficient in an sspA mutant in vivo. We demonstrated that SspA/ @entity72242 are required for transcription activation of the P1 late promoter Ps in vitro. In addition, SspA and @entity72242 were shown to facilitate the binding of RNAP to Ps late promoter DNA. Activation of late transcription by SspA/ @entity72242 was dependent on holoenzyme containing sigma70 but not sigmaS, indicating that the two activators discriminate between the two forms of the holoenzyme. Furthermore, P1 early gene expression was downregulated in the wild-type background, whereas it persisted in the sspA mutant background, indicating that SspA/ @entity72242 mediate the transcriptional switch from the early to the late genes during P1 lytic growth. Thus, this work provides the first evidence for a function of the @entity526 RNAP-associated protein SspA.

title: XXXX SspA is a transcription activator for @entity10483 late genes.

entities_list: @entity72242 :: ('2777484(Tax:10678)', 'Gene') :: ['late promoter activator protein', 'Lpa']

entities_list: @entity10483 :: ('10678', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage P1']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The stringent starvation protein A (SspA), an @entity526 RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein, has been reported to be essential for lytic growth of @entity10483 . Unlike P1 early promoters, P1 late promoters are not recognized by RNAP alone. A phage-encoded early protein, @entity72242 ( @entity72242 , formerly called gp10), has been shown to be required for P1 late transcription in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that SspA is a transcription activator for P1 late genes. Our results indicated that @entity72242 is not limiting in an sspA mutant. However, the transcription of P1 late genes was deficient in an sspA mutant in vivo. We demonstrated that SspA/ @entity72242 are required for transcription activation of the P1 late promoter Ps in vitro. In addition, SspA and @entity72242 were shown to facilitate the binding of RNAP to Ps late promoter DNA. Activation of late transcription by SspA/ @entity72242 was dependent on holoenzyme containing sigma70 but not sigmaS, indicating that the two activators discriminate between the two forms of the holoenzyme. Furthermore, P1 early gene expression was downregulated in the wild-type background, whereas it persisted in the sspA mutant background, indicating that SspA/ @entity72242 mediate the transcriptional switch from the early to the late genes during P1 lytic growth. Thus, this work provides the first evidence for a function of the @entity526 RNAP-associated protein SspA.

title: @entity526 SspA is a transcription activator for XXXX late genes.

answer: @entity10483 :: (10678,Species) :: ['bacteriophage P1']


abstract: The enteropathogenicity of avian reoviruses (ARVs), isolated from @entity1573 affected with @entity8884 ( @entity8884 ) from The Netherlands and Germany was studied. In the first trial seven different ARVs isolated from @entity8884 cases were inoculated in 1-day-old specific pathogenic free (SPF) white leghorns. The pathogenicity was compared with 2 ARVs isolated from cases of @entity2762 , namely reference strain S1133 and a Dutch strain. Although a difference in the severity of the clinical disease was observed, all reoviruses could induce @entity13312 and sloughing of the epithelium of the small intestine at day 2 post inoculation (PI) till day 7 PI. Two Dutch and one German ARV derived from @entity8884 causing the most severe @entity1944 at day 2 PI, were further studied in the second trial using SPF broilers. These reoviruses did not cause @entity308 in the broilers although lesions in the small intestine were present from day 1 up to day 4 PI and were more severe than in the white leghorn @entity1573 . In one of the inoculated groups apical denuded villi were already present at day 1 PI. At day 7 PI the small intestine of the infected broilers appeared to be normal. Reovirus antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of the enterocytes at the tip and middle section of the affected villi both in layers and in broilers. To study the role of intestinal @entity14327 + and @entity14328 + T-cells and macrophages/monocytes in the pathogenesis of ARV, the numbers of these cells of the jejunal villi of one infected and the control broiler groups were compared. @entity14327 + T-cells were detected in low numbers and only in the infected broiler group at day 14 PI. The numbers of @entity14328 + T-cells and macrophages/monocytes were significantly higher in the infected broiler group than in the control broiler group at day 7 and 14 PI and at day 7 PI respectively. Our study indicates that the reovirus alone cannot induce @entity1944 as found in @entity8884 @entity1573 . Moreover, @entity14328 + T-cells may play a major role in the pathogenesis and or reovirus clearance in the small intestine.

title: Enteropathogenicity of Dutch and German avian reoviruses in SPF white leghorn XXXX and broilers.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain depression']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'malabsorption syndrome']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: An efficient implementation of the orbital-optimized second-order M  ller-Plesset perturbation theory (OO- @entity4885 ) within the resolution of the identity (RI) approximation is reported. Both conventional @entity4885 and @entity7959 -component scaled (SCS- @entity4885 ) variants are considered, and an extensive numerical investigation of the accuracy of these approaches is presented. This work is closely related to earlier work of Lochan, R. C.; Head-Gordon, M. J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126. Orbital optimization is achieved by making the Hylleraas functional together with the energy of the reference determinant stationary with respect to variations of the double excitation amplitudes and the molecular orbital rotation parameters. A simple iterative scheme is proposed that usually leads to convergence within 5-15 iterations. The applicability of the method to larger molecules (up to    1000-2000 basis functions) is demonstrated. The numerical results show that OO-SCS- @entity4885 is a major improvement in electronically complicated situations, such as represented by radicals or by transition states where @entity7959 contamination often greatly deteriorates the quality of the conventional @entity4885 and SCS- @entity4885 methods. The OO-(SCS-) @entity4885 approach reduces the error by a factor of 3-5 relative to the standard (SCS-) @entity4885 . For closed-shell main group elements, no significant improvement in the accuracy relative to the already excellent SCS- @entity4885 method is observed. In addition, the problems of all @entity4885 variants with 3d transition-metal complexes are not solved by orbital optimization. The close relationship of the OO- @entity4885 method to the approximate second-order coupled cluster method (CC2) is pointed out. Both methods have comparable computational requirements. Thus, the OO- @entity4885 method emerges as a very useful tool for computational quantum chemistry.

title: Assessment of Orbital-Optimized, XXXX -Component Scaled Second-Order Many-Body Perturbation Theory for Thermochemistry and Kinetics.

answer: @entity7959 :: (10927,Gene) :: ['Spin']


abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity6 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity6 -resistant BB @entity35 were exposed to @entity3426 alone or in combination with @entity3692 plus tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity413 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity842 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity3426 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity6 susceptibility @entity3426 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity1590 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity3692 + @entity1505 . However, @entity3426 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity6 -prone BB @entity35 . From these results we suggest that @entity3426 mediates the major stimulus for @entity1590 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity6 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: @entity3426 , XXXX and @entity1505 increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes-prone and congenic diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3692 :: (25712(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity6 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity6 -resistant BB @entity35 were exposed to @entity3426 alone or in combination with @entity3692 plus tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity413 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity842 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity3426 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity6 susceptibility @entity3426 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity1590 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity3692 + @entity1505 . However, @entity3426 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity6 -prone BB @entity35 . From these results we suggest that @entity3426 mediates the major stimulus for @entity1590 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity6 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: @entity3426 , @entity3692 and XXXX increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

answer: @entity1505 :: (24835(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: In the pathogenesis of type-1 @entity6 insulin-producing beta-cells are destroyed by cellular autoimmune processes. The locality of beta-cell destruction is the inflamed pancreatic islet. During insulitis cytokines released from islet-infiltrating mononuclear cells affect beta-cells at several levels. We investigated whether cytokine-induced beta-cell destruction is associated with changes in the expression of the surface receptors intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Fas. Islets from @entity6 -resistant BB @entity35 were exposed to @entity3426 alone or in combination with @entity3692 plus tumour @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 . Cytokines decreased islet insulin content, suppressed @entity413 stimulated insulin secretion and generated enhanced amounts of @entity842 and DNA-strand breaks. While no membrane alterations of @entity3426 treated islets cells were detectable, the cytokine combination caused damage of cell membranes. Independent of @entity6 susceptibility @entity3426 treated islet beta-cells expressed a significantly increased amount of @entity1590 on their surfaces which was not further increased by @entity3692 + @entity1505 . However, @entity3426 induced Fas expression was significantly enhanced only on beta-cells from @entity6 -prone BB @entity35 . From these results we suggest that @entity3426 mediates the major stimulus for @entity1590 induction which is possibly a necessary but not sufficient step in the process of beta-cell destruction. Obviously, the additional enhancement of Fas expression on the surface of beta-cells is important for destruction. The combined action of all three cytokines induced the expression of Fas on the beta-cell surface independent of @entity6 susceptibility, indicating that such a strong stimulus in vitro may induce processes different from the precise mechanisms of beta-cell destruction in vivo.

title: XXXX , @entity3692 and @entity1505 increase vulnerability of pancreatic beta cells to autoimmune destruction.

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-1beta']


abstract: The removal of @entity2161 ) autoantibodies by immunoadsorption (IA) has been proposed as a potential mechanism for the improvement of the left ventricular function in @entity384 ( @entity384 ). In the present study, the possible association between removal of the autoantibodies against the @entity1 @entity2161 with the hemodynamic improvement induced by IA was investigated.IA was performed in 22 @entity384 @entity1 (n=22; NYHA III-IV, EF<30%, stable medication). The @entity2161 autoantibodies from column eluents (CE) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and BIAcore methods. CE of 32% (7/22) of the @entity1 was found to be antibody-positive with ELISA or BIAcore. In addition, a bioassay system was also used for the detection of this autoantibody. Seventy-three percent (16/22) of the @entity1 were found to be antibody-positive by this method. However, independent of the @entity2161 antibody detection method, both antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups showed similar acute and prolonged hemodynamic improvements during IA therapy. Furthermore, antibody-positive and -negative groups received a comparable improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction. These results suggest that different mechanisms are involved in the hemodynamic improvement induced by IA. The beneficial hemodynamic effects induced by IA are not directly associated with the removal of @entity2161 autoantibodies.

title: Hemodynamic improvement and removal of autoantibodies against beta1-adrenergic receptor by immunoadsorption therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta(1)AR', 'beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)AR']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Though Ireland continues to have a poor health profile compared with other European Union countries, previous research on social variations has been limited. For the first time in the Republic of Ireland, the influence on self-rated health of various socio-demographic indicators was assessed in a multi-variate logistic regression model, separately for @entity1 and @entity1 . Data were from the first National Survey of Lifestyles, Attitudes and Nutrition, @entity70091 , conducted by post in a multi-stage, cluster random sample across 26 counties. There were 6539 respondents (45.4% males). Mean self-rated health differed significantly according to age, marital status, tenure, educational status, social class, household size and eligibility for general medical services (GMS), but not according to gender or rurality. There were also differences if residing in a district with low level of affluence, or according to social cluster groupings. There were numerous significant correlations between the nine socio-demographic measures, but the most consistent pattern was between GMS eligibility and the various indicators, for both @entity1 and @entity1 . In the case of @entity1 , whether social class was included in the multi-variate model or not, education status remained predictive in the final model, (OR 2.36 CI 1.35-4.12) as did smoking status (OR 2.11 CI 1.47-3.02). Odds ratio for GMS eligibility was 3.33 (CI 2.61-4.26) attenuated to 1.70 (CI 1.12-2.56) in the final model. For @entity1 the pattern was somewhat different. Only GMS status (OR 2.64 CI 1.74-3.99) and level of education (2.25 CI 1.19-4.24) were predictive in the final model. A multi-level analysis showed that area level of affluence was not significantly predictive of self-rated health when individual level factors were taken into account.

title: Socio-demographic predictors of self-rated health in the Republic of Ireland: findings from the National Survey on Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition, XXXX .

answer: @entity70091 :: (9728,Gene) :: ['SLAN']


abstract: @entity11574 is used as a solvent in paints, cleaning agents, and @entity18683 . Exposure occurs primarily by inhalation. The volatility and lipophilicity of the xylenes make the lung and nasal mucosa the primary target organs. m-Xylene (m-XYL) has been shown to alter @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) activity in an organ- and isozyme-specific manner. The purpose of this work was to determine if the metabolism of m-XYL to the inhibitory metabolite m- @entity72243 (m- @entity8019 ) is the cause of inhibition of @entity1447 isozymes following in vivo inhalation exposure to m-XYL (100, 300 ppm), @entity72244 ( @entity72244 ) (50, 100 ppm), or m- @entity8019 (50, 100 ppm). A single 6-h inhalation exposure of @entity35 to m-XYL inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhalation of @entity72244 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. m- @entity8019 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner, while 4B1 activity was increased dose dependently. Nasal mucosa @entity1447 2B1 and 2E1 activity was inhibited following exposure to m-XYL dose dependently, @entity72244 inhibited nasal mucosa CYPs 2E1 and 4B1 dose dependently. CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion following inhalation of m- @entity8019 . Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, m- @entity8019 was detected after in vivo exposure to m-XYL, m- @entity8019 , and @entity72244 in a dose-dependent manner, with highest m- @entity8019 levels in the nasal mucosa and lung. Alteration of @entity1447 activity by m-XYL could result in increased or decreased @entity137 , changing the metabolic profiles of xenobiotics in coexposure scenarios in an organ-specific manner.

title: Inhibition of @entity35 respiratory-tract XXXX isozymes following inhalation of m-Xylene: possible role of metabolites.

entities_list: @entity72243 :: ('CHEBI:27020', 'Chemical') :: ['tolualdehyde']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity72244 :: ('MESH:C042289', 'Chemical') :: ['3-MBA', '3-methylbenzyl alcohol']

answer: @entity1447 :: (25251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytochrome P-450']


abstract: @entity11574 is used as a solvent in paints, cleaning agents, and @entity18683 . Exposure occurs primarily by inhalation. The volatility and lipophilicity of the xylenes make the lung and nasal mucosa the primary target organs. m-Xylene (m-XYL) has been shown to alter @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) activity in an organ- and isozyme-specific manner. The purpose of this work was to determine if the metabolism of m-XYL to the inhibitory metabolite m- @entity72243 (m- @entity8019 ) is the cause of inhibition of @entity1447 isozymes following in vivo inhalation exposure to m-XYL (100, 300 ppm), @entity72244 ( @entity72244 ) (50, 100 ppm), or m- @entity8019 (50, 100 ppm). A single 6-h inhalation exposure of @entity35 to m-XYL inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhalation of @entity72244 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 4B1 in a dose-dependent manner. m- @entity8019 inhibited pulmonary CYPs 2B1 and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner, while 4B1 activity was increased dose dependently. Nasal mucosa @entity1447 2B1 and 2E1 activity was inhibited following exposure to m-XYL dose dependently, @entity72244 inhibited nasal mucosa CYPs 2E1 and 4B1 dose dependently. CYPs 2B1, 2E1, and 4B1 were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion following inhalation of m- @entity8019 . Following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, m- @entity8019 was detected after in vivo exposure to m-XYL, m- @entity8019 , and @entity72244 in a dose-dependent manner, with highest m- @entity8019 levels in the nasal mucosa and lung. Alteration of @entity1447 activity by m-XYL could result in increased or decreased @entity137 , changing the metabolic profiles of xenobiotics in coexposure scenarios in an organ-specific manner.

title: Inhibition of XXXX respiratory-tract @entity1447 isozymes following inhalation of m-Xylene: possible role of metabolites.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Some @entity1 lose chimerism following nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), yet, surprisingly, enjoy sustained @entity5 remissions. We hypothesized that host-versus-graft (HVG) alloresponses might induce antitumor effects against @entity5 . We explored this question in @entity19 by administering recipient leukocyte infusions (RLIs) to mixed chimeras established with nonmyeloablative conditioning. Mixed chimeras were prepared in the B10.A (H2a)-->B6 (H2b) strain combination using depleting anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), @entity786 , and thymic irradiation. B6 @entity2800 cells (MMB3.19) were administered 7 days following donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or @entity43423 on day 35. Conversion to full donor chimerism occurred without @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) following DLI, whereas @entity43423 led to loss of chimerism. Both @entity43423 and DLI significantly delayed @entity5 mortality. In another strain combination (B10.BR [H2k]-->BALB/c [H2d]), @entity43423 -induced or spontaneous loss of chimerism was associated with antitumor effects against the host-type B-cell lymphoma A20. HCT was essential for the antitumor effect of @entity43423 . @entity43423 induced elevated serum @entity379 ( @entity379 ) levels, and recipient-derived @entity379 was critical for their antitumor effects. Thus, HVG reactions (spontaneous or induced by @entity43423 ) mediate antitumor effects against @entity1583 via a recipient-derived @entity379 -mediated mechanism. A novel approach to achieving anti- @entity5 effects without the risk of @entity2132 is suggested.

title: Antitumor effect of donor marrow graft rejection induced by recipient leukocyte infusions in mixed chimeras prepared with nonmyeloablative conditioning: critical role for recipient-derived XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'recipient tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-gamma']


abstract: During the noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability with @entity419 metabolic imaging, adequate regulation of metabolic conditions is needed to ensure optimal image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and image quality of cardiac @entity8984 -FDG SPECT imaging using acipimox in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1 without @entity6 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity296 underwent @entity419 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability, followed by resting 2-dimensional echocardiography to identify dysfunctional myocardial tissue. The image quality was scored visually and quantitatively; the myocardium-to-background ratio was determined by region-of-interest analysis. The plasma concentrations of @entity413 and free @entity1718 were determined to evaluate the metabolic conditions before and during @entity419 imaging. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 had @entity6 ; of these, 12 had @entity1723 and 22 had @entity2175 . The remaining 36 @entity1 had no @entity6 . During @entity419 SPECT, no severe side effects occurred. Acipimox significantly lowered plasma levels of free @entity1718 in both groups. Fifteen of 34 @entity1 with @entity6 had a plasma @entity413 level > 9 mmol/L, which was lowered successfully in all @entity1 with additional insulin. Visual evaluation of the @entity419 images showed good, moderate, and poor image quality in 27, 5, and 2 @entity1 , respectively, with @entity6 and in 32, 4, and 0 @entity1 , respectively, without @entity6 (P = not statistically significant). The myocardium-to-background ratio of @entity419 SPECT images was comparable in @entity1 with and without @entity6 (3.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9, P = not statistically significant). The type of @entity6 had no influence on @entity8984 -FDG image quality. CONCLUSION: @entity419 SPECT metabolic imaging after acipimox is safe and practical for routine assessment of viability in @entity1 with @entity296 . Image quality is good, even in @entity1 with @entity6 , although additional insulin is sometimes needed.

title: Effect of XXXX on myocardial @entity419 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: During the noninvasive assessment of myocardial viability with @entity419 metabolic imaging, adequate regulation of metabolic conditions is needed to ensure optimal image quality. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and image quality of cardiac @entity8984 -FDG SPECT imaging using acipimox in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1 without @entity6 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity296 underwent @entity419 SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability, followed by resting 2-dimensional echocardiography to identify dysfunctional myocardial tissue. The image quality was scored visually and quantitatively; the myocardium-to-background ratio was determined by region-of-interest analysis. The plasma concentrations of @entity413 and free @entity1718 were determined to evaluate the metabolic conditions before and during @entity419 imaging. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 had @entity6 ; of these, 12 had @entity1723 and 22 had @entity2175 . The remaining 36 @entity1 had no @entity6 . During @entity419 SPECT, no severe side effects occurred. Acipimox significantly lowered plasma levels of free @entity1718 in both groups. Fifteen of 34 @entity1 with @entity6 had a plasma @entity413 level > 9 mmol/L, which was lowered successfully in all @entity1 with additional insulin. Visual evaluation of the @entity419 images showed good, moderate, and poor image quality in 27, 5, and 2 @entity1 , respectively, with @entity6 and in 32, 4, and 0 @entity1 , respectively, without @entity6 (P = not statistically significant). The myocardium-to-background ratio of @entity419 SPECT images was comparable in @entity1 with and without @entity6 (3.1 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9, P = not statistically significant). The type of @entity6 had no influence on @entity8984 -FDG image quality. CONCLUSION: @entity419 SPECT metabolic imaging after acipimox is safe and practical for routine assessment of viability in @entity1 with @entity296 . Image quality is good, even in @entity1 with @entity6 , although additional insulin is sometimes needed.

title: Effect of @entity6 on myocardial XXXX SPECT using acipimox for the assessment of myocardial viability.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: Longitudinal endolymph flow rate in the @entity840 cochlea was measured by determining the rate of migration of extrinsic ions, @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) or @entity1877 , with a @entity972 sensitive @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ). Low concentrations of iontophoretically injected @entity1041 were detected with the @entity2798 at various distances from the injection electrode. The results were variable when the @entity2798 was used to record spread of @entity1041 from turn II to turn I and vice versa. However, consistent data were obtained when the @entity1041 spread was measured at different electrode separations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7 mm) within turn II. Electrode locations were systematically exchanged without changing their distance, i.e. the @entity2798 electrode was placed basally or apically with respect to the @entity1041 electrode. Comparison of data with a model, which combines the bulk diffusion of @entity1041 and the flow of endolymph, is consistent with a rate of endolymph flow in turn II of about 0.2 mm/min, apex to base. A similar value was also obtained with the iontophoretic injection of @entity1877 . The endolymph flow rate may be different in turn I as indicated by measurements of compound action potential (CAP) changes. However, the results of experiments when @entity1041 spread is measured at large distances must be interpreted cautiously because @entity1041 may enter cellular walls of the cochlear duct and alternative routes of transport may be involved.

title: Longitudinal flow of endolymph measured by distribution of @entity5128 and XXXX in scala media.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['ISM', 'ion-selective microelectrode']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: Longitudinal endolymph flow rate in the @entity840 cochlea was measured by determining the rate of migration of extrinsic ions, @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) or @entity1877 , with a @entity972 sensitive @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ). Low concentrations of iontophoretically injected @entity1041 were detected with the @entity2798 at various distances from the injection electrode. The results were variable when the @entity2798 was used to record spread of @entity1041 from turn II to turn I and vice versa. However, consistent data were obtained when the @entity1041 spread was measured at different electrode separations (0.2, 0.5, 0.7 mm) within turn II. Electrode locations were systematically exchanged without changing their distance, i.e. the @entity2798 electrode was placed basally or apically with respect to the @entity1041 electrode. Comparison of data with a model, which combines the bulk diffusion of @entity1041 and the flow of endolymph, is consistent with a rate of endolymph flow in turn II of about 0.2 mm/min, apex to base. A similar value was also obtained with the iontophoretic injection of @entity1877 . The endolymph flow rate may be different in turn I as indicated by measurements of compound action potential (CAP) changes. However, the results of experiments when @entity1041 spread is measured at large distances must be interpreted cautiously because @entity1041 may enter cellular walls of the cochlear duct and alternative routes of transport may be involved.

title: Longitudinal flow of endolymph measured by distribution of XXXX and @entity1877 in scala media.

answer: @entity5128 :: (MESH:D019789,Chemical) :: ['tetraethylammonium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Data on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity2012 are conflicting as most previous studies collectively evaluated eugonadal and @entity6126 @entity1 of both sexes, with or without active disease. We have evaluated @entity79 in 152 acromegalic @entity1 of both sexes with varying disease activity and gonadal status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, retrospective. @entity1 : We studied 152 acromegalic @entity1 (99 @entity1 aged 26-72 years, and 53 @entity1 aged 21-75 years), 107 with active and 45 with controlled disease. Eighty-five @entity1 had normal gonadal status and 67 were @entity6126 . MEASUREMENTS: In all @entity1 we measured serum GH levels by immunoenzimometric assay, and serum @entity442 levels by radioimmunoassay. @entity79 was assessed at spine L2-L4 (LS) and at femoral neck (FN) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; results are expressed as Z-values. RESULTS: We evaluated the effect of GH excess on bone at different sites in relation to gonadal status, disease activity and gender. At LS, in respect to the reference population, @entity79 (mean +/- SE) values were higher in eugonadal @entity1 (active: 0.71 +/- 0.29, P < 0.02; controlled: 0.65 +/- 0.28, P < 0.05) and lower in @entity6126 ones (active: -0.64 +/- 0.35, 0.1 < P < 0.05; controlled: -1.05 +/- 0.36, P < 0.01), regardless of disease activity. On the contrary, at FN, @entity79 was higher than in the reference population, both in eugonadal (1.01 +/- 0.22, P < 0.001) and @entity6126 (0.63 +/- 0.17, P < 0.001) @entity1 only in subjects with active disease, but not in those in which the disease was controlled (eugonadal: 0.31 +/- 0.23, P = ns; @entity6126 0.04 +/- 0.28, P = ns). We did not observe any difference in @entity79 values according to gender both at LS (males vs. females -0.02 +/- 0.30 vs. 0.01 +/- 0.24, P = ns) or at FN (0.77 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.15, P = ns). CONCLUSIONS: The anabolic effect of GH excess on bone in acromegalic @entity1 is: (i) gender-independent; (ii) evident at the spine only in eugonadal regardless of disease activity; (iii) evident at femoral neck only in the presence of active disease regardless of gonadal status.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : the effect of gender, disease activity and gonadal status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadal']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the ability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict optimum @entity1290 in @entity1 being managed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 82 @entity1 with @entity1290 who were being treated by ESWL. Data (input and output values) from 60 @entity1 in whom there was optimum fragmentation of stones by ESWL were used for training the ANN. These data mainly included the 24-h urinary variables, the radiological features of the stone disease and the ESWL settings used. The predictability of the trained ANN was tested on 22 subsequent @entity1 , by supplying the input variables of the 22 @entity1 into the trained ANN and recording the output values (predicted values). After subjecting these @entity1 to ESWL, the actual results (observed values) were recorded. The predicted and the observed values were then compared. RESULTS: In the 22 @entity1 in whom predictability was tested, the trained ANN predicted optimum fragmentation at < or = 13 000 shocks/stone (as per study protocol) in 17 and optimum fragmentation at> 13 000 shocks/stone in the other five. In the 17 @entity1 (test set) where the trained ANN had predicted optimum fragmentation at < or = 13 000 shocks/stone, the optimum fragmentation was at that value, although the predicted and observed values were not identical. The overall correlation between the predicted and the observed values was 75.5% (correlation coefficient 0.7547) in these 17 @entity1 . Of the other five @entity1 , none had optimum fragmentation at < 13 000 shocks/stone, as predicted by the trained ANN, giving complete accuracy for this factor. CONCLUSION: This was a pilot study, i.e. an initial attempt to use an ANN in this regard, and although there were few @entity1 , such that it is not possible to make final recommendations, the overall predictability was approximately 75%. An encouraging outcome of the study was that the trained ANN identified @entity1 unlikely to benefit from ESWL. Using a larger dataset and identifying more significant variables, while eliminating inputs with a negative effect, the efficiency and utility of this ANN can probably be enhanced and in future it might be possible to predict stone fragmentation with reasonable accuracy.

title: Artificial neural networks in predicting optimum XXXX by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stone fragmentation', 'renal stones']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stone fragmentation']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the results of treatment by local excision of two different clinical stages of the @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with early @entity189 were operated on during the last 26 years using different methods of local excision. The @entity189 were initially assessed as not-exceeding the muscularis layer of the rectal wall. The @entity5 , localized up to 12 cm from the anal margin, were removed by means of "parachute" excision (47 @entity1 ). In 6 @entity1 , @entity189 localized in the central part of rectum, was excised by means of the Localio method. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was applied in 5 cases of @entity189 localized on the depth of 5-20 cm from the anal margin. RESULTS: After local excision the @entity1 were divided into two groups: I, @entity5 of @entity5 , not exceeding submucosal layer (26 @entity1 ); II, @entity5 of low or median degree of @entity5 with infiltration of muscularis layer (32 @entity1 ). There was a significant difference in @entity5 relapses between groups I and II. One @entity1 in group I and 9 in group II developed local recurrences (P < 0.05) and 5 @entity1 in group II had neoplastic dissemination (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Best results were obtained in @entity1 with @entity189 not exceeding submucosal membrane. In cases of rectal muscular layer infiltrations, the risk of @entity189 relapses was markedly higher. The use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery has permitted @entity5 from the upper rectum.

title: Local excision of XXXX not-exceeding the muscularis layer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low degree of malignancy', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'removal of tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) due to gram-positive bacteria are fairly uncommon. In order to investigate the efficacy of treatment for @entity293 secondary to gram-positive rods, we performed a non-comparative study on the effect of @entity3524 in 64 @entity1 with gram-positive @entity293 . @entity1 with a history of @entity56 to cephalosporins and @entity114 as well as @entity1 who had received antibiotic treatment within 48 hours after the administration of @entity3524 , @entity1 with @entity99 and @entity1 with fatal progressive disease were excluded from the study. @entity293 was confirmed by positive cultures with a colony count of greater than or equal to 100,000 cfu/ml of gram-positive organisms before treatment with @entity3524 . When @entity295 or @entity793 occurred after two days of hospitalization, the @entity293 was considered nosocomial. The most common microorganism isolated was @entity794 , followed by @entity797 . 30% of the @entity1 showed polymicrobic @entity793 , especially in association with gram-negative bacteria (70%). A high frequency of predisposing factors was present in the urinary tract, mainly obstruction, indwelling catheters, surgery and chronic debilitating diseases. Seven @entity1 developed @entity2259 . All @entity1 were treated with @entity3524 i.m. or i.v. at a daily dosage ranging between 4 and 12 g. Urine cultures were repeated five days after the beginning of treatment and again two to three weeks after the end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX for the treatment of gram-positive @entity293 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTI']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['Cefotaxime']


abstract: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) due to gram-positive bacteria are fairly uncommon. In order to investigate the efficacy of treatment for @entity293 secondary to gram-positive rods, we performed a non-comparative study on the effect of @entity3524 in 64 @entity1 with gram-positive @entity293 . @entity1 with a history of @entity56 to cephalosporins and @entity114 as well as @entity1 who had received antibiotic treatment within 48 hours after the administration of @entity3524 , @entity1 with @entity99 and @entity1 with fatal progressive disease were excluded from the study. @entity293 was confirmed by positive cultures with a colony count of greater than or equal to 100,000 cfu/ml of gram-positive organisms before treatment with @entity3524 . When @entity295 or @entity793 occurred after two days of hospitalization, the @entity293 was considered nosocomial. The most common microorganism isolated was @entity794 , followed by @entity797 . 30% of the @entity1 showed polymicrobic @entity793 , especially in association with gram-negative bacteria (70%). A high frequency of predisposing factors was present in the urinary tract, mainly obstruction, indwelling catheters, surgery and chronic debilitating diseases. Seven @entity1 developed @entity2259 . All @entity1 were treated with @entity3524 i.m. or i.v. at a daily dosage ranging between 4 and 12 g. Urine cultures were repeated five days after the beginning of treatment and again two to three weeks after the end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3524 for the treatment of gram-positive XXXX .

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is the first cause of surgical abdomen in childhood but diagnosis continues to be difficult in some cases. Abdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be useful when there is doubt about the diagnosis and can be quickly and easily performed at the @entity1 's bedside. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of @entity697 in our hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 who visited the emergency department for @entity490 and who underwent abdominal ultrasonography to rule out @entity697 between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2000 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: During the study period, 4217 @entity1 were evaluated in our service for @entity490 . Ultrasonography was performed in 528 @entity1 . Of these, the procedure was performed to rule out @entity697 in 308 @entity1 . Of these 308 @entity1 who met the study's inclusion criteria, the results of ultrasonography were compatible with @entity697 in 102 and were normal in 196. Ultrasonographic diagnosis differed from the final diagnosis in 16 @entity1 . In eight @entity1 with ultrasonographic findings suggestive of @entity697 , laparotomy revealed normal appendices. In the remaining eight @entity1 , ultrasonographic findings were normal and surgery revealed @entity697 . Based on these findings, the diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography was: sensitivity: 96.6 %; specificity: 95.9 %, positive predictive value: 86 %; negative predictive value: 95.9 %. CONCLUSIONS: The overall diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography in @entity697 our hospital is acceptable. Because ultrasonographic diagnosis is not always accurate, others diagnostic methods such as computed tomography should be used in doubtful cases.

title: [Diagnostic yield of abdominal ultrasonography in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: The normal steady state production of natural killer (NK) cells in the bone marrow and spleen was characterized with cytokinetic technics. We developed a protocol to enrich for NK cells in bone marrow and demonstrate that target binding can be used as a criterion for marrow NK cells if nonspecifically "sticky" cells are eliminated. The selected population of B cell-depleted bone marrow lymphoid cells was comprised mainly of lymphocytes, of which 80% were NK-1.1+. B cell-depleted bone marrow lymphocytes that bound to @entity9599 could be characterized as two populations on the basis of morphology and proliferative status: large, proliferating target-binding cells (TBC), of which 25% were in S phase of the mitotic cycle, and small postmitotic TBC. Pulse and chase studies indicated that the small TBC in bone marrow were derived from an immediate proliferating precursor, presumably the large TBC, which were, in turn, derived from a precursor population that was more rapidly proliferating. In contrast, few if any @entity1358 were labeled after a 30-min pulse with @entity665 and significant numbers of labeled TBC did not appear in the spleen until 2 or more days after the pulse label. Surprisingly, some of the @entity1358 were relatively long lived and survived 2 mo or longer. These studies are the first to directly characterize the production of NK cells in situ in normal marrow. We demonstrate that the marrow is the primary site of production of NK cells and that little, if any, proliferation of NK cells occurs in the periphery of unstimulated @entity19 . The data suggest the existence in the bone marrow of at least three compartments in the NK lineage: a rapidly proliferating NK precursor population, a less rapidly proliferating population of large TBC, and a population of small postmitotic TBC.

title: The primary role of XXXX bone marrow in the production of natural killer cells. A cytokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['splenic TBC']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: A case of @entity259 causing right @entity3585 is described. A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity1353 , some ecchymoses, and marked anasarca. Her liver was palpable four fingerbreadths below her costal margin. Laboratory findings included @entity491 , marked @entity882 , and an increase in @entity2002 degradation products due to disseminated @entity1003 . Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a solid mass in the right ventricle, which protruded into the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. Right @entity3585 and @entity997 were demonstrated by contrast echocardiography. These findings were confirmed by CT scans, RI angiography, and contrast angiography. The mass was partially resected from her right ventricle and her tricuspid valve was replaced successfully, but she died of @entity295 three weeks after surgery. At autopsy, @entity259 and cardiac @entity3 were verified. To date, only eight cases with initial symptoms of @entity712 due to right @entity3585 caused by metastatic @entity5 have been reported. Very rarely have @entity4617 resulted in disseminated @entity1003 .

title: [Metastatic XXXX to the right ventricle causing obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and associated with disseminated @entity1003 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intracavitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'undifferentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: A case of @entity259 causing right @entity3585 is described. A 72-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity1353 , some ecchymoses, and marked anasarca. Her liver was palpable four fingerbreadths below her costal margin. Laboratory findings included @entity491 , marked @entity882 , and an increase in @entity2002 degradation products due to disseminated @entity1003 . Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a solid mass in the right ventricle, which protruded into the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. Right @entity3585 and @entity997 were demonstrated by contrast echocardiography. These findings were confirmed by CT scans, RI angiography, and contrast angiography. The mass was partially resected from her right ventricle and her tricuspid valve was replaced successfully, but she died of @entity295 three weeks after surgery. At autopsy, @entity259 and cardiac @entity3 were verified. To date, only eight cases with initial symptoms of @entity712 due to right @entity3585 caused by metastatic @entity5 have been reported. Very rarely have @entity4617 resulted in disseminated @entity1003 .

title: [Metastatic @entity259 to the right ventricle causing obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and associated with disseminated XXXX : a case report].

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['intravascular coagulopathy']


abstract: The acoustic @entity427 (ASR) is a transient motor response to an unexpected, intensive stimulus. The response is determined by stimulus parameters such as its intensity, rise time and duration. The dependence of the ASR on the stimulus duration is more complex than could be assumed from physical properties of acoustic pulse. This effect attracted the attention of few researchers. Some authors reported noticeable changes in the ASR amplitude only for very short (less than 4-6 ms) acoustic pulses. The systematic studies on the effect, however, have not been performed so far. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the ASR parameters are affected by the durations of the short stimulus. The amplitude of the acoustic @entity427 reflex was assessed for a fixed tonal frequency (6.9 kHz), and for a variety of stimulus durations ranging between 2 and 10 ms. ASRs were studied in 11 adult, hooded @entity35 exposed to a sequence of tone pulses (110 dB SPL) of different durations, presented in random order, with or without 70 dB white noise as a background. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between ASR amplitudes for different durations. The @entity427 amplitude increased with acoustic pulse duration and distinguishable differences were seen for stimulus duration between 2 and 8 ms. Further increase of pulse duration had no effect on ASR amplitude. The same pattern of changes was observed when the acoustic stimulus was presented with the white noise. In the tested range of stimulus duration no significant differences in the ASR latency were found. The observed differences may be attributed to changes of stimulus acoustic energy and to physiological characteristic of auditory system in the @entity35 .

title: Startle response to short acoustic stimuli in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 10- to 12-week-old @entity1 @entity735 were microdissected so that a passage was opened between the outer environment and the anterior chamber which rendered free access of tissue culture medium to the endothelial cell monolayer. The dissected eye globes were maintained in organ culture for 24 h in the continuous presence of tritiated @entity1014 . Cross sections were cut through the whole eye globes and subjected to autoradiographic analysis in order to estimate the mitogenic response of @entity1 embryonic corneal endothelial cells to externally supplied growth factors and hormones. It was found that the corneal endothelial cells could be stimulated to initiate DNA synthesis by exposure to @entity442 ( @entity442 ). The @entity1014 -labelling index doubled after @entity442 supplementation. Northern blot analysis revealed the abundant presence of @entity5100 transcripts in the posterior eye. In contrast, the anterior portion of the eye, including the @entity267 , contains barely detectable levels of @entity5100 transcripts. @entity442 transcripts were detected in both parts of the eye at much lower concentrations than those for @entity5100 . No insulin transcripts were found. These results demonstrate that mRNA for both @entity442 and @entity5100 is present in the late first trimester eye. The observed stimulatory effects of @entity442 in organ culture suggest that local production of @entity442 and @entity5100 may stimulate cell proliferation in vivo.

title: Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factors on DNA synthesis in the XXXX embryonic cornea.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic eye globes']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The eyes of certain marine gastropods including Aplysia and Bulla, contain circadian pacemakers, which produce a circadian rhythm of autogenous @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ) activity. The CAPs are generated by the synchronous spike discharge of a distinctive population of retinal pacemaker neurons whose axons convey the @entity8119 activity to the CNS. When @entity8119 activity is recorded from a preparation with eyes attached to the CNS, the @entity8119 activity is modulated by efferent activity. In this study we have identified FMRF- @entity6346 -like immunoreactive efferent axons in the optic nerves of Bulla. These axons arborize in the basal retinal neuropil adjacent to the pacemaker neurons and are in a position to make synaptic contacts with their dendrites. Similar immunoreactive fibers are not observed in Aplysia eyes. Exogenous FMRF- @entity6346 at micromolar concentrations suppresses ongoing @entity8119 activity in isolated eyes but does not suppress the ERG or phase shift the circadian rhythm of @entity8119 activity. Intracellular recordings from the retinal pacemaker neurons reveal that FMRF- @entity6346 hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, suppresses spike discharge, and decreases the input resistance, suggesting that a K conductance is increased. Electrical stimulation of the region of the cerebral ganglion that contains FMRF- @entity6346 immunoreactive neurons suppresses ongoing @entity8119 activity. All these results are consistent with the idea that the FMRF- @entity6346 immunoreactive central neurons and their axons provide a pathway for efferent modulation of the @entity8119 rhythm generated by the retinal pacemaker neurons.

title: FMRF- XXXX -like immunoreactive efferent fibers and FMRF- @entity6346 suppression of pacemaker neurons in eyes of Bulla.

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'compound action potential']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: The eyes of certain marine gastropods including Aplysia and Bulla, contain circadian pacemakers, which produce a circadian rhythm of autogenous @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ) activity. The CAPs are generated by the synchronous spike discharge of a distinctive population of retinal pacemaker neurons whose axons convey the @entity8119 activity to the CNS. When @entity8119 activity is recorded from a preparation with eyes attached to the CNS, the @entity8119 activity is modulated by efferent activity. In this study we have identified FMRF- @entity6346 -like immunoreactive efferent axons in the optic nerves of Bulla. These axons arborize in the basal retinal neuropil adjacent to the pacemaker neurons and are in a position to make synaptic contacts with their dendrites. Similar immunoreactive fibers are not observed in Aplysia eyes. Exogenous FMRF- @entity6346 at micromolar concentrations suppresses ongoing @entity8119 activity in isolated eyes but does not suppress the ERG or phase shift the circadian rhythm of @entity8119 activity. Intracellular recordings from the retinal pacemaker neurons reveal that FMRF- @entity6346 hyperpolarizes the membrane potential, suppresses spike discharge, and decreases the input resistance, suggesting that a K conductance is increased. Electrical stimulation of the region of the cerebral ganglion that contains FMRF- @entity6346 immunoreactive neurons suppresses ongoing @entity8119 activity. All these results are consistent with the idea that the FMRF- @entity6346 immunoreactive central neurons and their axons provide a pathway for efferent modulation of the @entity8119 rhythm generated by the retinal pacemaker neurons.

title: FMRF- @entity6346 -like immunoreactive efferent fibers and FMRF- XXXX suppression of pacemaker neurons in eyes of Bulla.

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of self-reported changes in life satisfaction after @entity1230 , to analyse associations between satisfaction with life as a whole and with domains in life, and to identify important contributors for satisfaction with life. DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up study. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital three years after @entity1230 . SUBJECTS: Sixty-nine subjects with severe @entity1230 (ISS > or = 16). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical examinations to reveal prevalences of @entity717 . Questionnaires about satisfaction with life as a whole and eight domains of life, both for the time before @entity130 , and for the actual situation; sense of coherence (SOC-13); social network. RESULTS: A total of 87% experienced a decrease in at least one of the nine life satisfaction items from before to after @entity130 (six-graded scale). After @entity130 significantly fewer subjects reported to be satisfied with life as a whole, as well as the domains sexual life, ADL, contact with friends, leisure, vocational and financial situation. Satisfaction with family life and partner relationship did not decrease significantly. The most important domains after @entity130 were satisfaction with leisure, family life and vocation. Vocational and @entity717 after @entity130 were important determinants for satisfaction with life as a whole. A strong sense of coherence and sufficient social network quality had significant impact on satisfaction with life as a whole and some of the domain-specific satisfactions. CONCLUSIONS: Both personal resources (a strong sense of coherence) and the presence of a qualitatively sufficient social network can buffer the negative influence of disabilities on life satisfaction after @entity130 .

title: Life satisfaction several years after severe XXXX --a retrospective investigation.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairments and disabilities', 'leisure disability']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple trauma']


abstract: @entity594 , @entity3988 and @entity1855 are three effective @entity460 -antagonists in the treatment of @entity951 . We compared their effects on effort @entity951 to evaluate whether one of them is more efficacious. The data were collected from 42 @entity1 (37 males, 5 females; mean age 51 +/- 4) entering one of 3 different trials; the beginning of all trials comprised a two-week, single blind, placebo run-in phase. An exercise stress test was performed at the end of this period and it was considered as basal test for the statistical analysis. Then the 42 @entity1 were divided in 3 groups of 14 and entered a double-blind, randomized phase of drug treatment. The 3 groups started 3 parallel trials: 1) placebo/ @entity594 60 mg/day; 2) placebo/ @entity1855 360 mg/day; 3) placebo/ @entity3988 240 mg/day. The duration of each trial was of 6 weeks (3 weeks of treatment with placebo and 3 weeks with active substance). Exercise stress tests were performed at the end of each phase of the trials, and the resulting data were compared with the data of the test performed at the end of run-in period. Parameters evaluated were: heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product at basal conditions, at submaximal and peak exercise; moreover we considered workload, maximal @entity308 , total exercise duration and frequency of exercise-induced @entity951 . @entity1855 reduced rate pressure product at basal condition; all three drugs reduced rate pressure product at submaximal exercise, but a significant statistical difference was found only for @entity1855 and @entity3988 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative evaluation using an ergometric test of the efficacy of the 3 major @entity460 antagonists on exertion stable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: @entity594 , @entity3988 and @entity1855 are three effective @entity460 -antagonists in the treatment of @entity951 . We compared their effects on effort @entity951 to evaluate whether one of them is more efficacious. The data were collected from 42 @entity1 (37 males, 5 females; mean age 51 +/- 4) entering one of 3 different trials; the beginning of all trials comprised a two-week, single blind, placebo run-in phase. An exercise stress test was performed at the end of this period and it was considered as basal test for the statistical analysis. Then the 42 @entity1 were divided in 3 groups of 14 and entered a double-blind, randomized phase of drug treatment. The 3 groups started 3 parallel trials: 1) placebo/ @entity594 60 mg/day; 2) placebo/ @entity1855 360 mg/day; 3) placebo/ @entity3988 240 mg/day. The duration of each trial was of 6 weeks (3 weeks of treatment with placebo and 3 weeks with active substance). Exercise stress tests were performed at the end of each phase of the trials, and the resulting data were compared with the data of the test performed at the end of run-in period. Parameters evaluated were: heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product at basal conditions, at submaximal and peak exercise; moreover we considered workload, maximal @entity308 , total exercise duration and frequency of exercise-induced @entity951 . @entity1855 reduced rate pressure product at basal condition; all three drugs reduced rate pressure product at submaximal exercise, but a significant statistical difference was found only for @entity1855 and @entity3988 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Comparative evaluation using an ergometric test of the efficacy of the 3 major XXXX antagonists on exertion stable @entity951 ].

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is worth distinguishing between the two strategies of expectant management for @entity263 . Watchful waiting entails administering non-curative @entity342 deprivation therapy to @entity1 on development of symptomatic progression, whereas active surveillance entails delivering curative treatment on signs of disease progression. The objectives of the two management strategies and the @entity1 enrolled in either are different: (i) to review the role of active surveillance as a management strategy for @entity1 with @entity263 ; and (ii) review the benefits and pitfalls of active surveillance. We carried out a systematic review of active surveillance for @entity263 in the literature using the National Center for Biotechnology Information's electronic database, PubMed. We carried out a search in English using the terms: active surveillance, @entity263 , watchful waiting and conservative management. Selected studies were required to have a comprehensive description of the demographic and disease characteristics of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, inclusion criteria for surveillance, and a protocol for the @entity1 ' follow up. Review articles were included, but not multiple papers from the same datasets. Active surveillance appears to reduce overtreatment in @entity1 with @entity263 without compromising cancer-specific survival at 10  years. Therefore, active surveillance is an option for select @entity1 who want to avoid the side-effects inherent to the different types of immediate treatment. However, inclusion criteria for active surveillance and the most appropriate method of monitoring @entity1 on active surveillance have not yet been standardized.

title: Active surveillance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity788 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity1 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity519 occurring during the course of acute @entity788 . A @entity9131 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity358 in the other. Documented cases of @entity292 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity1 with @entity649 was made among 32 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity788 . A @entity9131 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity1 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity660 . In these @entity1 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity130 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute @entity649 caused by @entity9131 in acute XXXX . Apropos of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'adult respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticobronchial fistulas']

entities_list: @entity9131 :: ('MESH:D001983', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatico-bronchial fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['osmolar injury']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity788 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity1 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity519 occurring during the course of acute @entity788 . A @entity9131 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity358 in the other. Documented cases of @entity292 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity1 with @entity649 was made among 32 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity788 . A @entity9131 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity1 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity660 . In these @entity1 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity130 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute @entity649 caused by XXXX in acute @entity788 . Apropos of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity9131 :: (MESH:D001983,Disease) :: ['pancreatico-bronchial fistula']


abstract: The @entity649 ( @entity649 ) is a frequent feature of acute @entity788 . Amylase and lipase values were determined in samples of bronchial secretions in two @entity1 with endotracheal intubation and under supportive ventilation for severe @entity519 occurring during the course of acute @entity788 . A @entity9131 was suggested in both cases. In one case, an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography was performed and demonstrated a fistula between the pancreatic body and the left bronchial tree. Arterial pH values decreased following pancreatography. Splenopancreatectomy was performed in one case, and necrosectomy associated with @entity358 in the other. Documented cases of @entity292 have been rarely reported to date. A retrospective study of 10 @entity1 with @entity649 was made among 32 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for objectively recognized necrotizing @entity788 . A @entity9131 could be incriminated in three cases. This 30 p. 100 prevalence has to be re-evaluated in the light of serial determinations of amylase and lipase levels in @entity1 with ARD and endotracheal intubation in the course of @entity660 . In these @entity1 , high levels of amylase and lipase in bronchial secretions, the use of iso-osmolar X-ray colloids could be helpful in protecting the alveolar membrane against @entity130 during pancreatography.

title: [Acute XXXX caused by @entity9131 in acute @entity788 . Apropos of 2 cases].

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Juglans mandshurica Maxim (Juglandaceae) is a famous folk medicine for @entity5 treatment and some natural compounds isolated from it have been studied extensively. Previously we isolated a type of   -9 @entity5204 (JA) from the bark of J. mandshurica, however little is known about its activity and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we studied anti- @entity5 activity of JA on several @entity1 @entity5 cell lines. Results showed that JA is cytotoxic to HepG2, MDA-MB-231, SGC-7901, A549 and Huh7 cells at a concentration exerting minimal toxic effects on L02 cells. The selective toxicity of JA was better than other classical anti- @entity5 drugs. Further investigation indicated that JA could induce cell apoptosis, characterized by chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and activation of the apoptosis-associated proteins such as @entity522 and @entity12982 . Moreover, we investigated the cellular apoptosis pathway involved in the apoptosis process in HepG2 cells. We found that proteins involved in mitochondrion (cleaved- @entity8187 , @entity3437 , @entity36828 /Omi, @entity589 , and Mitochondrial @entity589 ) and endocytoplasmic reticulum (XBP-1s, @entity1477 , cleaved- @entity14544 and cleaved-Caspase-12) apoptotic pathways were up-regulated when cells were treated by JA. In addition, a morphological change in the mitochondrion was detected. Furthermore, we found that JA could inhibit DNA synthesis and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. The expression of G2-to-M transition related proteins, such as @entity8189 and phosphorylated- @entity10610 , were reduced. In contrast, the G2-to-M inhibitor @entity3544 was increased in JA-treated cells. Overall, our results suggest that JA can induce mitochondrion- and endocytoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis, and G2/M phase arrest in HepG2 cells, making it a promising therapeutic agent against @entity157 .

title: JA, a new type of XXXX isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, limits the survival and induces apoptosis of heptocarcinoma cells.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity5204 :: (CHEBI:26208,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']