abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity272 , including surgical site @entity281 (SSIs), usually involve gram-positive pathogens and continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and @entity204 among hospital @entity1 . The increasing prevalence of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and other resistant strains accentuates the need for effective and safe therapies for such @entity281 . This exploratory study evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity13757 in @entity1 with gram-positive SSI according to wound classification. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had an SSI with onset < 30 days after surgery, positive gram stain or culture at least three days before @entity13757 therapy began, and three or more clinical signs and symptoms of @entity281 . The incisional SSI was classified as superficial or deep according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. @entity1 with organ-space @entity281 were excluded, as were those with major concomitant @entity281 , foreign material in the incision that could not be removed, previous systemic antimicrobial therapy, or @entity1011 clearance < 30 mL/min. @entity13757 4   mg/kg was administered intravenously once daily for 7-14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinical response at the end of @entity13757 therapy, and the safety assessment was based on adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were enrolled, 60 of whom were evaluable for efficacy. Extremity wounds predominated among superficial incisional SSIs (n = 30), whereas abdominal wounds predominated among deep SSIs (n = 30). @entity1 with deep incisional SSI were more likely to be young, male, white, and febrile and to weigh more than @entity1 with superficial SSIs. The overall clinical success rate was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 82-97%); the success rate was 100% in superficial incisional SSI and 83% in deep SSI (17% difference; 95% CI 0-33%). @entity794 (28/36 @entity3256 -resistant) was the pathogen isolated most frequently. In 10 @entity1 who were febrile at baseline, the median time to defervescence was five days, and the mean duration of treatment in the series was 11.2 days. @entity13757 was well tolerated. In most @entity1 , AEs were mild or moderate in intensity; in two @entity1 (one superficial, one deep), @entity13757 was discontinued because of AEs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this exploratory study of SSI are consistent with those of previous studies of @entity13757 in the treatment of diverse complicated skin and skin-structure @entity281 , and suggest that wound classification should be treated as an important covariate in future studies of @entity13757 and other antibiotics.

title: Prospective, non-comparative study of @entity13757 for the treatment of superficial and deep incisional surgical site XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Ononis L. species have been used for healing of wounds, @entity484 and @entity627 , against @entity1489 and lesions and topically used as antiseptic and antimicrobial agent in folk medicine. In the present study, the aqueous and methanolic extracts of three endemic Ononis species growing in @entity233 , including Ononis sessilifolia Bornm., Ononis basiadnata Hub.-Mor. and Ononis macrosperma Hub.-Mor. were assessed for their in vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo wound healing activities of the plants were evaluated by using linear incision and circular excision experimental models subsequently histopathological analysis. The healing potential was comparatively assessed with a reference ointment @entity5318 (  ), which contains 1% extract of Centella asiatica. In vivo inhibitory effect of the extracts on @entity1543 -induced increase in capillary permeability was studied for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of O. macrosperma demonstrated the highest activity in both wound models and significant anti-inflammatory activity in @entity1543 -induced increase in capillary permeability test. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of O. sessilifolia showed anti-inflammatory effect but was devoid of wound healing activity. The rest of the species did not show remarkable wound healing effect. @entity1046 fraction of O. macrosperma ethanolic extract demonstrated significant but reduced wound healing activity, which revealed a possible combined effect. The results of histopathological examination supported the outcome of linear incision and circular excision wound models. CONCLUSION: The experimental study revealed that the aerial parts of O. macrosperma display remarkable wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.

title: Wound healing acceleration effect of endemic Ononis species growing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic complaints']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity5318 :: ('MESH:C004446', 'Chemical') :: ['Madecassol']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine variations in 5-year relative survival rates with primary @entity2184 in the United States over a 25-year period from 1973 to 1997. DESIGN: Systematic review of existing databases. @entity1 : Two thousand four hundred ninety-three @entity1 with primary @entity2184 , International Classification of Oncology [ICDO-2] codes C69.3 [ @entity320 ] and C69.4 [ciliary body and iris]) derived from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database in the United States from 1973 to 1997. METHODS: The @entity1 were stratified according to the treatment (surgery or radiotherapy). The relative 5-year survival was calculated for 2054 @entity1 diagnosed between 1973 and 1993 by the life table method using US life expectancy tables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relative 5-year survival rate. RESULTS: Surgical treatment was performed in 1476 (72%) cases, and radiotherapy was given in 300 (15%) cases. The proportion of cases treated by radiotherapy increased progressively from 2% to 28% in 20 years. Relative 5-year survival rates ranged from 77% to 84% without a statistically significant variation. CONCLUSIONS: Advances made in the local methods of treatment of primary @entity2184 have not led to an improvement in survival. Systemic approaches to management of @entity2184 are warranted.

title: Survival rates with XXXX in the United States: 1973-1997.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroid melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placement of Intacs in subjects with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative trial. INTERVENTION: Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation. @entity1 : Seventy-four eyes of 50 subjects (41 male and 9 female) were evaluated. The mean age of subjects in the study was 35 years, ranging from 20 to 73 years. Twenty-six subjects underwent single-eye treatment, and 24 subjects had both eyes treated. METHODS: A modified Intacs procedure was performed on subjects with @entity9042 . Pachymetry was measured at the incision site, and the incision was made at 66% of the corneal thickness. A thicker ring segment was typically placed inferiorly, and a thinner segment was placed superiorly on the basis of a refractive nomogram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected acuity, and spherical equivalent. Changes in irregular @entity940 were evaluated with the inferior-superior value from comeotopographic maps, and differences in refractive cylinder groups were studied. RESULTS: Preoperative mean best-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) visual acuity was 0.41 (20/50 - 1) (standard deviation [SD], +/-0.48), which improved to a postoperative mean of 0.24 (20/32 - 2) (SD, +/-0.31) (two lines of improvement). Preoperative mean uncorrected LogMAR visual acuity was 1.05 (20/200 - 2 1) (SD, +/-0.48), which improved to a mean of 0.61 (20/80-) (SD, +/-0.52) (four lines of improvement) at postoperative follow-up. Preoperative mean best-corrected LogMAR acuity in the corneal scarring group was 0.96 (20/200 + 2) (SD, +/-0.72), which improved to a mean of 0.54 (SD, +/-0.43) (20/63 - 2) (five lines of improvement). Uncorrected mean LogMAR acuity in the eyes with corneal scarring was 1.42 (20/400 - 4) (SD, +/-0.27), which improved to a mean of 1.03 (20/200 - 1) (SD, +/-73) (three lines of improvement). The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was -3.89 diopters (D) (SD, +/-5.16), which was reduced to a mean of -1.46 D (+/-4.11) at the postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric Intacs implantation can improve both uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and can reduce irregular @entity940 in corneas with and without corneal scarring.

title: Intacs for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of the syndrome that includes bilateral @entity3193 and @entity1781 and to propose a novel etiology to explain this presentation. DESIGN: Observational small case series. @entity1 : Three @entity1 . METHODS: Three @entity1 received an extensive clinical work-up including complete ocular examination, A and B scan ultrasonography, Humphrey visual field analysis, and imaging of the brain and orbit. Neurological consultation was obtained in each @entity1 two of whom underwent lumbar puncture. The findings of this detailed investigation are reported. RESULTS: Each @entity1 demonstrated bilateral @entity3193 with optic disk congestion and leakage in one eye and @entity1952 in the fellow eye. Extensive ocular and extraocular investigation failed to uncover a specific etiology. @entity6437 cerebri, a well-documented cause of @entity1829 and @entity3193 , was ruled out in each case. Each @entity1 did demonstrate variable degrees of @entity3467 and shortened axial lengths. CONCLUSIONS: The syndrome of bilateral @entity3193 and @entity1781 may have various etiologies. @entity6437 cerebri needs to be definitively ruled out. Normal neuro-ophthalmological investigation including lumbar puncture may indicate an alternative cause. Idiopathic acquired @entity3467 in middle-aged @entity1 who are hyperopic with shortened axial lengths may be associated with @entity3193 and a constricted scleral canal causing optic disk congestion and complicated by @entity6810 due to a crowded disk.

title: Bilateral @entity3193 and XXXX : a variant of the crowded disk syndrome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal folds']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic neuropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of the syndrome that includes bilateral @entity3193 and @entity1781 and to propose a novel etiology to explain this presentation. DESIGN: Observational small case series. @entity1 : Three @entity1 . METHODS: Three @entity1 received an extensive clinical work-up including complete ocular examination, A and B scan ultrasonography, Humphrey visual field analysis, and imaging of the brain and orbit. Neurological consultation was obtained in each @entity1 two of whom underwent lumbar puncture. The findings of this detailed investigation are reported. RESULTS: Each @entity1 demonstrated bilateral @entity3193 with optic disk congestion and leakage in one eye and @entity1952 in the fellow eye. Extensive ocular and extraocular investigation failed to uncover a specific etiology. @entity6437 cerebri, a well-documented cause of @entity1829 and @entity3193 , was ruled out in each case. Each @entity1 did demonstrate variable degrees of @entity3467 and shortened axial lengths. CONCLUSIONS: The syndrome of bilateral @entity3193 and @entity1781 may have various etiologies. @entity6437 cerebri needs to be definitively ruled out. Normal neuro-ophthalmological investigation including lumbar puncture may indicate an alternative cause. Idiopathic acquired @entity3467 in middle-aged @entity1 who are hyperopic with shortened axial lengths may be associated with @entity3193 and a constricted scleral canal causing optic disk congestion and complicated by @entity6810 due to a crowded disk.

title: Bilateral XXXX and @entity1781 : a variant of the crowded disk syndrome?

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroidal folds']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity5526 can be analyzed using clinical data from @entity272 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to define the profile of @entity1 attending a @entity272 unit and to determine the prevalence of the most common sensitizations in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout 2008, a retrospective observational study was carried out in the 5 hospitals of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity566 . All @entity1 underwent skin patch tests with the Spanish standard series. The frequencies of sensitization were normalized for age and gender. RESULTS: Data were gathered on 1161 @entity1 . The 5 allergens that gave the most frequent positive reactions were @entity9760 (25.88%), @entity24234 (5.31%), @entity5303 (5.10%), fragrance blends (4.64%), and balsam of Peru (4.44%). The least frequently detected reactions were to @entity1536 - @entity11099 mix and @entity28285 mix. There was a 35% prevalence of sensitization to @entity3406 among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The profile of sensitizations in Spain is similar to that of other Southern European countries. @entity9760 continues to be the most prevalent allergen, particularly in @entity1 . The low prevalence of sensitization to @entity1536 - @entity11099 mix and @entity28285 mix supports their exclusion of the Spanish series.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Spain. Results of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity566 for the year 2008].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Allergies']

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity28285 :: ('CHEBI:37667', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene lactone']

entities_list: @entity9760 :: ('MESH:C029938', 'Chemical') :: ['Nickel sulfate', 'nickel sulfate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin allergy', 'skin allergy units']

entities_list: @entity11099 :: ('MESH:D007464', 'Chemical') :: ['clioquinol']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity5526 :: (MESH:D003877,Disease) :: ['contact dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of @entity5526 can be analyzed using clinical data from @entity272 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to define the profile of @entity1 attending a @entity272 unit and to determine the prevalence of the most common sensitizations in this population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Throughout 2008, a retrospective observational study was carried out in the 5 hospitals of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact @entity566 . All @entity1 underwent skin patch tests with the Spanish standard series. The frequencies of sensitization were normalized for age and gender. RESULTS: Data were gathered on 1161 @entity1 . The 5 allergens that gave the most frequent positive reactions were @entity9760 (25.88%), @entity24234 (5.31%), @entity5303 (5.10%), fragrance blends (4.64%), and balsam of Peru (4.44%). The least frequently detected reactions were to @entity1536 - @entity11099 mix and @entity28285 mix. There was a 35% prevalence of sensitization to @entity3406 among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The profile of sensitizations in Spain is similar to that of other Southern European countries. @entity9760 continues to be the most prevalent allergen, particularly in @entity1 . The low prevalence of sensitization to @entity1536 - @entity11099 mix and @entity28285 mix supports their exclusion of the Spanish series.

title: [Epidemiology of @entity5526 in Spain. Results of the Spanish Surveillance System on Contact XXXX for the year 2008].

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergies']


abstract: Seventy two consecutive @entity1 with severe isolated @entity337 were evaluated by preoperative echocardiographic and angiographic assessment of the aortic root. Biopsy specimens of the aortic wall were taken at operation. Two major groups of @entity1 were found: those with cusp derangement but normal aortic roots and those with normal cusps but dilated aortic roots. Of the 42 cases of abnormal cusps, 20 were rheumatic, 15 were infective, and six were bicuspid. One @entity1 had a tear in an otherwise normal cusp. Of the 30 cases of abnormal roots but normal cusps, six had inflammatory changes (syphilis, @entity6104 , @entity226 ) and 24 had root dilatation caused by non-inflammatory destruction of elastic laminae. Echocardiographic measurement of the aorta at the level of the top of the commissures predicted the findings at pathology. In 37 of 39 @entity1 with cusp disease the measurement was less than 37 mm. In 27 of 33 @entity1 with root disease the measurement was greater than or equal to 37 mm. This difference was statistically significant. There was no difference in the sizes of the prosthesis used in each group, suggesting that it was the diameter of the junction of the aorta with the sinuses rather than the junction of the sinuses with the ventricle that was important in @entity337 . Clinical progression in @entity1 with non-inflammatory aortic root disease is slower than in @entity1 with infective disease but faster than in those with @entity627 .

title: The aetiology and course of isolated severe XXXX : a clinical, pathological, and echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic cusp disease']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell aortitis']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's disease"]

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: We presented the case of diffuse large B-cell @entity706 initially manifesting in bone marrow without lymph nodes' swelling and other @entity75 . A 68-year-old @entity1 was suffering from general fatigue and @entity221 . Because @entity1358 were identified in the peripheral blood, a @entity236 and random skin biopsy were performed. In myelogram, it was suspicious for @entity2590 because @entity706 cells resembled other atypical hematopoietic cell. In biopsy specimen of bone marrow, @entity1358 diffusely infiltrated, which could be called "paced bone marrow". On the other hand no atypical cell identified in the vessels of dermis and subcutaneous tissue by random skin biopsy. Immunohistochemically, @entity1358 in bone marrow were diffusely positive for B-cell marker ( @entity2225 ). These results lead this case to be diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell @entity706 initially manifesting in the bone marrow. In this case, it was very useful that bone marrow biopsy and myelogram were evaluated simultaneously. Quick and accurate diagnosis is possible by combining immunohistochemical analysis using both myelogram and biopsy specimen.

title: [Diffuse large B-cell XXXX initially manifesting in bone marrow. A case report].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal lesion']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['atypical cells']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow puncture']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: We describe a 50-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity943 followed by @entity1167 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Preoperatively, there were no findings suggesting an @entity741 . Anesthesia was maintained using @entity2614 combined with epidural anesthesia. His blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG waves were stable during the initial stage of laparoscopic procedure. After establishment of small laparotomy for stomach resection, the blood pressure decreased to before 60 mmHg without remarkable ST change on lead II. Administration of intravenous @entity6358 was not effective and a short run appeared. Then persistent @entity1165 followed by ventricular standstill developed. Chest compression and intravenous adrenalin restored sinus rhythm, and thereafter the @entity1 remained hemodynamically stable with intravenous @entity12118 and @entity7976 . The operation was completed and the @entity1 awoke without @entity51 . Postoperatively the coronary angiography showed no stenosis of coronary arteries; however, when @entity934 test was attempted on right coronary artery, @entity2224 in accordance with @entity2473 of #1 segmental coronary artery developed. In the case of abrupt onset of lethal @entity943 , @entity3361 should be suspected even when ST changes are not recognized with routine ECG monitor.

title: [Case of @entity1167 due to XXXX during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy].

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary spasm']


abstract: We describe a 50-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity943 followed by @entity1167 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Preoperatively, there were no findings suggesting an @entity741 . Anesthesia was maintained using @entity2614 combined with epidural anesthesia. His blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG waves were stable during the initial stage of laparoscopic procedure. After establishment of small laparotomy for stomach resection, the blood pressure decreased to before 60 mmHg without remarkable ST change on lead II. Administration of intravenous @entity6358 was not effective and a short run appeared. Then persistent @entity1165 followed by ventricular standstill developed. Chest compression and intravenous adrenalin restored sinus rhythm, and thereafter the @entity1 remained hemodynamically stable with intravenous @entity12118 and @entity7976 . The operation was completed and the @entity1 awoke without @entity51 . Postoperatively the coronary angiography showed no stenosis of coronary arteries; however, when @entity934 test was attempted on right coronary artery, @entity2224 in accordance with @entity2473 of #1 segmental coronary artery developed. In the case of abrupt onset of lethal @entity943 , @entity3361 should be suspected even when ST changes are not recognized with routine ECG monitor.

title: [Case of XXXX due to @entity3361 during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy].

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: To evaluate complaints of adverse reactions to marking pen emissions, groups of @entity19 were exposed for 1 h to the emissions of 8 brands of felt-tip markers or white-board cleaner. Pneumotachographs and a computerized version of ASTM E-981 test method were used to measure changes in respiration. Sensory irritation (SI), pulmonary irritation (PI), and/or air flow limitation (AFL) of differing intensities were documented with each of the eight brands tested. At the peak of the effects, the largest SI was observed with pen F (72% of the breaths); the largest PI occurred with pen D (13% of the breaths), and the largest AFL was seen with pen F (25% of the breaths). Pens G and H produced minimal SI, PI, or AFL. A functional observational battery was used to screen for signs of @entity2359 . Emissions from all eight of the pens produced @entity146 such as altered posture and gait, @entity400 , falling, and @entity2915 . The exposure concentrations were similar to the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) values near marking pens in actual use. Gas chromatography identified mixtures of @entity4313 , @entity34978 , and/or @entity16623 . Exposures to white-board cleaner solution resulted in similar @entity137 ( SI, PI, AFL, and @entity2359 ). These results document that some marking pens and white-board cleaner emit mixtures of chemicals that can produce acute @entity137 and @entity146 in normal @entity19 . These results provide a toxicological explanation for some of the @entity1 complaints concerning respiratory and neurological reactions to marking pen emissions.

title: Acute XXXX of marking pen emissions.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'respiratory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['acute behavioral abnormalities', 'behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti- @entity1680 typhi serum of one given @entity548 have been sought in other bleedings of the same @entity95 . Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second @entity548 are not always found in those of the first @entity548 . Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three @entity95 , and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first @entity548 were carried by two separate molecules in the second @entity548 . In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one @entity95 , the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the @entity548 were also detected in the late @entity548 ; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late @entity548 and not in that of the @entity548 . Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.

title: Idiotypy of rabbit antibodies. II. Comparison of idiotypy of various kinds of antibodies formed in the same XXXX against @entity1680 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'early bleeding']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti- @entity1680 typhi serum of one given @entity548 have been sought in other bleedings of the same @entity95 . Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second @entity548 are not always found in those of the first @entity548 . Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three @entity95 , and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first @entity548 were carried by two separate molecules in the second @entity548 . In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one @entity95 , the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the @entity548 were also detected in the late @entity548 ; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late @entity548 and not in that of the @entity548 . Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.

title: Idiotypy of rabbit antibodies. II. Comparison of idiotypy of various kinds of antibodies formed in the same @entity95 against XXXX .

answer: @entity1680 :: (90370,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhi']


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity32 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity19 models of @entity32 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity1 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity19 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity3229 ( @entity18869 ) and @entity12097 ( @entity72576 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma ( @entity72577 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity19127 agonist ( @entity29852 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity3229 and @entity12097 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity3229 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity3229 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity72578 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: @entity72578 but not -delta agonists inhibit @entity32 in a XXXX model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity32 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity19 models of @entity32 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity1 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity19 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity3229 ( @entity18869 ) and @entity12097 ( @entity72576 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma ( @entity72577 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity19127 agonist ( @entity29852 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity3229 and @entity12097 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity3229 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity3229 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity72578 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: @entity72578 but not -delta agonists inhibit XXXX in a @entity19 model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['airway inflammation']


abstract: 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that have been proposed to regulate @entity32 by antagonising the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. We investigated the role of PPARs using synthetic agonists in @entity19 models of @entity32 , and addressed the possible effect on NF-kappaB signalling in vitro using a @entity1 epithelial cell line, A549. 2. Sensitised BALB/c @entity19 exposed to an aerosol solution of ovalbumin had an increased number of airway eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes. When given intranasally an hour before the aerosol challenge, a @entity3229 ( @entity18869 ) and @entity12097 ( @entity72576 ) selective agonist as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma ( @entity72577 ) agonist selectively inhibited allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte but not neutrophil influx. In contrast, a @entity19127 agonist ( @entity29852 ) was inactive. 3. When given intranasally an hour before challenge, @entity3229 and @entity12097 selective agonists as well as a dual @entity3229 /gamma agonist did not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil influx or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity637 ) and KC production. 4. In A549 cells, selective agonists for @entity3229 -alpha, -gamma and -delta did not inhibit intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, IL-8 release and the activation of an NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene construct were inhibited only at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that these effects were not @entity3229 -mediated. 5. Our in vivo data show that agonists of @entity72578 , but not -delta, inhibit allergen-induced bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil and lymphocyte influx. In vitro data suggest that this effect might not be mediated by antagonism of the NF-kappaB pathway.

title: XXXX but not -delta agonists inhibit @entity32 in a @entity19 model of asthma: in vitro evidence for an NF-kappaB-independent effect.

answer: @entity72578 :: (19013;19016,Gene) :: ['PPAR-alpha and -gamma']


abstract: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), the third member of the natriuretic peptide family, is known to be synthesized in the central nervous system and vascular endothelial cells, in contrast to atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. However, there have been no studies concerning CNP production in cultured cardiac cells. Here, we examined the production and the local effect of CNP in cultured ventricular cells. Under serum-free conditions, adult @entity35 cardiac fibroblasts secreted immunoreactive CNP time dependently. @entity1810 , basic fibroblast growth factor, and @entity1827 significantly stimulated CNP secretion. Northern blot analysis detected significant expressions of CNP and its specific receptor (guanylyl cyclase-B) mRNA in cardiac fibroblasts. CNP stimulated intracellular @entity6708 production in fibroblasts more intensely than atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. CNP inhibited both DNA and collagen syntheses of cardiac fibroblasts, and these inhibitory effects by CNP were stronger than by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. The inhibition by CNP of DNA and collagen syntheses was reproduced by a @entity6708 analog, @entity8263 . The present findings demonstrate that CNP is synthesized in and secreted from cardiac fibroblasts and suggest that CNP has a suppressive effect on fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production, probably via the guanylyl cyclase-B-mediated @entity6708 -dependent process. CNP produced by cardiac fibroblasts may play a role as an autocrine regulator against @entity299 .

title: Gene expression, secretion, and autocrine action of C-type natriuretic peptide in cultured adult XXXX cardiac fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['excessive cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity6497 @entity1573 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity448 , @entity294 and @entity353 . The birds had been treated with @entity4509 , @entity3400 and @entity14116 . Necropsy of the @entity6497 revealed @entity2700 , mild @entity843 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity39 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity39 foci. @entity2718 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity99 due to @entity3168 , two additional cases due to @entity2718 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: XXXX associated with @entity2718 in an @entity6497 @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis']


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity6497 @entity1573 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity448 , @entity294 and @entity353 . The birds had been treated with @entity4509 , @entity3400 and @entity14116 . Necropsy of the @entity6497 revealed @entity2700 , mild @entity843 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity39 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity39 foci. @entity2718 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity99 due to @entity3168 , two additional cases due to @entity2718 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity99 associated with XXXX in an @entity6497 @entity1573 .

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity6497 @entity1573 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity448 , @entity294 and @entity353 . The birds had been treated with @entity4509 , @entity3400 and @entity14116 . Necropsy of the @entity6497 revealed @entity2700 , mild @entity843 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity39 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity39 foci. @entity2718 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity99 due to @entity3168 , two additional cases due to @entity2718 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity99 associated with @entity2718 in an @entity6497 XXXX .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: A live 19-day-old male @entity6497 @entity1573 was euthanized and necropsied. It was one of 12 chicks in a group in which 8 had died with history of @entity448 , @entity294 and @entity353 . The birds had been treated with @entity4509 , @entity3400 and @entity14116 . Necropsy of the @entity6497 revealed @entity2700 , mild @entity843 and serous atrophy of fat around the heart. The liver had numerous yellow tan foci on the capsular surface as well as on the cut surface. Caecal contents were watery. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed multifocal @entity39 of hepatocytes with infiltration of heterophils mixed with fibrin, few lymphocytes, and multinucleated giant cells. A Gram stain of the liver revealed a few gram-positive bacilli scattered within the @entity39 foci. @entity2718 was isolated from the liver, and toxin A was detected by ELISA. A retrospective examination of approximately 1000 ostriches submitted during a seven year period to the laboratory system revealed seven cases of @entity99 due to @entity3168 , two additional cases due to @entity2718 and two cases due to C. sordelli.

title: @entity99 associated with @entity2718 in an XXXX @entity1573 .

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['ostrich']


abstract: CONTEXT: Geographic variations in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and associated risk factors have been recognized worldwide. However, little attention has been directed to potential differences in @entity101 between Europe and North America. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether higher blood pressure (BP) levels and @entity101 are more prevalent in Europe than in the United States and Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Sample surveys that were national in scope and conducted in the 1990s were identified in Germany, Finland, Sweden, England, Spain, Italy, Canada, and the United States. Collaborating investigators provided tabular data in a consistent format by age and sex for @entity1 at least 35 years of age. Population registries were the main basis for sampling. Survey sizes ranged from 1800 to 23 100, with response rates of 61% to 87.5%. The data were analyzed to provide age-specific and age-adjusted estimates of BP and @entity101 prevalence by country and region (eg, European vs North American). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood pressure levels and prevalence of @entity101 in Europe, the United States, and Canada. RESULTS: Average BP was 136/83 mm Hg in the European countries and 127/77 mm Hg in Canada and the United States among @entity1 and @entity1 combined who were 35 to 74 years of age. This difference already existed among younger @entity1 (35-39 years) in whom treatment was uncommon (ie, 124/78 mm Hg and 115/75 mm Hg, respectively), and the slope with age was steeper in the European countries. For all age groups, BP measurements were lowest in the United States and highest in Germany. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of @entity101 was 28% in the North American countries and 44% in the European countries at the 140/90 mm Hg threshold. The findings for @entity1 and @entity1 by region were similar. @entity101 prevalence was strongly correlated with @entity64 mortality (r = 0.78) and more modestly with total @entity65 (r = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Despite extensive research on geographic patterns of @entity65 , the 60% higher prevalence of @entity101 in Europe compared with the United States and Canada has not been generally appreciated. The implication of this finding for national prevention strategies should be vigorously explored.

title: XXXX prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: A prospective study of postoperative infectious complications after open-heart surgery was carried out in 885 @entity1 . @entity86 occurred in 173 @entity1 , an overall incidence was 19.5%. The mortality rate was 0.8%. The incidence of sternal wound @entity281 was 7.7% (superficial 6.3% and deep 1.4%) and of leg wound @entity281 11.4%. Superficial sternal wound @entity281 were associated with @entity295 in 10.7% and deep sternal wound @entity281 in 33.3%. The leg wound @entity281 caused no blood culture positive @entity295 . The incidence of @entity293 was 4.6% while respiratory tract @entity281 occurred in only 2.5%. Early prosthetic @entity340 occurred in only one @entity1 (0.3%). @entity794 and epidermidis were the two bacteria most frequently cultured from sternal wound @entity281 (82.4%), while gram-negative bacteria alone were seldom found (5.9%). In leg wound @entity281 the incidence of gram-negative bacteria was greater (17.3%). Although @entity526 was the causative agent in 37% of postoperative @entity293 the incidence of @entity281 by the classical hospital-acquired organisms (klebsiella and @entity2782 ) was also high (32%). @entity86 caused an average prolongation of hospital stay of 8 days. The increase was shortest for @entity293 (5 days) and longest in @entity1 with postoperative @entity1764 (28 days).

title: Occurrence of and microbiological findings in XXXX following open-heart surgery. Effect on mortality and hospital stay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['A total 200 postoperative infections', 'Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The unexpected appearance of acute @entity110 during the course of drug treatment gives rise to the following question: is it an @entity56 @entity110 (due to an immediate @entity56 : IgE mediated specific immunity) or is it pseudo- @entity56 ? We report our findings in an immuno-allergological study of @entity1 who were sent for @entity1931 which presented as immediate hypersensivity ( @entity110 , angiooedema, @entity2021 ). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including all the @entity1 who were sent to the unit for @entity110 or angiooedema type @entity1931 . @entity1 were questioned about previous chronic @entity110 and also about @entity110 after taking different medicines. The clinical examination looked for a dermographism. All the @entity1 then took skin tests for immediate @entity56 , the molecule was contra-indicated and tests for cross-reactivity were conducted. @entity1 : Three hundred fifty @entity1 were sent to this unit between February 2000 and April 2001 for @entity1931 , mostly with @entity110 /angiooedema but in 7 cases with @entity2021 . The incriminated drugs were varied: 50 p. 100 were due mainly to penicillins and @entity2886 . Other drug groups were also involved: non @entity134 anti-inflammatories, @entity117 and @entity1443 for the most part, along with local anesthetics, @entity1286 -based products, contrast @entity1496 products, corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of the 350 @entity1 tested, only 22 were @entity56 and had positive tests for the incriminated drug. In these 22 @entity1 , with the exception of 2 of them, the effects were severe ( @entity2021 in 7 @entity1 ) and the @entity110 was only a minor manifestation of the reaction. The drugs responsible were cephalosporin (10 @entity1 ), the penicillin (6 @entity1 ), @entity2690 (2 @entity1 ), gonadorelin (1 @entity1 ), carboxymethylcellulose (1 @entity1 ), lidocain (1 @entity1 ), and @entity207 (1 @entity1 ). The 328 other @entity1 had negative tests and were able to retake the tested molecule without incident. Most of them had antecedents of chronic @entity110 or dermographism. DISCUSSION: Only 22 @entity1 of the 350, i.e. 6 p. 100 were genuinely @entity56 . These @entity1 were those who presented the most severe symptoms. The other @entity1 , i.e. the majority, suffered from pseudo- @entity56 drug-induced @entity110 , which made retaking the medicines possible.

title: [Immediate XXXX is rarely implicated in drug induced @entity110 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['drug intolerance']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactic shock']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The unexpected appearance of acute @entity110 during the course of drug treatment gives rise to the following question: is it an @entity56 @entity110 (due to an immediate @entity56 : IgE mediated specific immunity) or is it pseudo- @entity56 ? We report our findings in an immuno-allergological study of @entity1 who were sent for @entity1931 which presented as immediate hypersensivity ( @entity110 , angiooedema, @entity2021 ). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including all the @entity1 who were sent to the unit for @entity110 or angiooedema type @entity1931 . @entity1 were questioned about previous chronic @entity110 and also about @entity110 after taking different medicines. The clinical examination looked for a dermographism. All the @entity1 then took skin tests for immediate @entity56 , the molecule was contra-indicated and tests for cross-reactivity were conducted. @entity1 : Three hundred fifty @entity1 were sent to this unit between February 2000 and April 2001 for @entity1931 , mostly with @entity110 /angiooedema but in 7 cases with @entity2021 . The incriminated drugs were varied: 50 p. 100 were due mainly to penicillins and @entity2886 . Other drug groups were also involved: non @entity134 anti-inflammatories, @entity117 and @entity1443 for the most part, along with local anesthetics, @entity1286 -based products, contrast @entity1496 products, corticosteroids. RESULTS: Of the 350 @entity1 tested, only 22 were @entity56 and had positive tests for the incriminated drug. In these 22 @entity1 , with the exception of 2 of them, the effects were severe ( @entity2021 in 7 @entity1 ) and the @entity110 was only a minor manifestation of the reaction. The drugs responsible were cephalosporin (10 @entity1 ), the penicillin (6 @entity1 ), @entity2690 (2 @entity1 ), gonadorelin (1 @entity1 ), carboxymethylcellulose (1 @entity1 ), lidocain (1 @entity1 ), and @entity207 (1 @entity1 ). The 328 other @entity1 had negative tests and were able to retake the tested molecule without incident. Most of them had antecedents of chronic @entity110 or dermographism. DISCUSSION: Only 22 @entity1 of the 350, i.e. 6 p. 100 were genuinely @entity56 . These @entity1 were those who presented the most severe symptoms. The other @entity1 , i.e. the majority, suffered from pseudo- @entity56 drug-induced @entity110 , which made retaking the medicines possible.

title: [Immediate @entity56 is rarely implicated in drug induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentations, radiological features and clinical progress of a rare case of @entity84 of the lumbar spine. SETTING: Regional Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHOD: A 54-year-old male @entity1 presented with @entity1643 and left sciatica. X-ray and MRI revealed @entity5 infiltration of the fifth lumbar vertebrae and left paraspinal muscles, which was found to be a @entity84 by repeated open biopsies. The @entity5 was removed surgically by combined anterior and posterior approaches, followed by spinal fusion and instrumentation. RESULTS: The anterior tricortical bone graft was complicated with @entity174 and nonunion. Surgical re-exploration confirmed local recurrence of @entity5 macroscopically and histologically. The @entity1 developed symptoms and signs of @entity1971 gradually despite repeated surgery and irradiation. The @entity1 eventually died of complications of local recurrence and @entity51 at 3 years and 8 months after the first operation. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of @entity84 of the lumbar spine. The clinical profile of this @entity1 and the evidence from the literature review suggests that @entity84 has a @entity146 with high recurrence and mortality rate.

title: XXXX with @entity1971 .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['very aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma', 'spinal chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

answer: @entity84 :: (MESH:D002804,Disease) :: ['Chondroblastoma of the lumbar spine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentations, radiological features and clinical progress of a rare case of @entity84 of the lumbar spine. SETTING: Regional Hospital, Hong Kong, China. METHOD: A 54-year-old male @entity1 presented with @entity1643 and left sciatica. X-ray and MRI revealed @entity5 infiltration of the fifth lumbar vertebrae and left paraspinal muscles, which was found to be a @entity84 by repeated open biopsies. The @entity5 was removed surgically by combined anterior and posterior approaches, followed by spinal fusion and instrumentation. RESULTS: The anterior tricortical bone graft was complicated with @entity174 and nonunion. Surgical re-exploration confirmed local recurrence of @entity5 macroscopically and histologically. The @entity1 developed symptoms and signs of @entity1971 gradually despite repeated surgery and irradiation. The @entity1 eventually died of complications of local recurrence and @entity51 at 3 years and 8 months after the first operation. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of @entity84 of the lumbar spine. The clinical profile of this @entity1 and the evidence from the literature review suggests that @entity84 has a @entity146 with high recurrence and mortality rate.

title: @entity84 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda equina syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary cytoreductive surgery is well accepted in the initial management of @entity43 with a goal of maximal @entity5 reduction. The role of cytoreductive surgery at disease recurrence is controversial and guidelines are not standardized. We aimed to review cases of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 who were collaboratively managed by two teams of oncologic surgeons with different areas of surgical expertise. METHODS: A list of 616 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 from 1995 to 2009 was generated at a single institution. 20 cases of recurrent @entity43 were identified that were managed collaboratively. Data collected included date of diagnosis, initial treatment, recurrence date, location and number of sites of recurrence, secondary cytoreductive procedure performed, @entity66 after surgery, pre-operative status, post-operative course, and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Of the 20 cases that fit eligibility criteria, 11 were completely resected, 5 were incompletely resected, and 4 were biopsied only. Median disease-free interval following primary surgery was 18 months (6-147). Median interval from diagnosis to collaborative cytoreduction was 63 months (13-170). Our @entity1 had metastatic disease to the liver (11), lymph nodes (8), the diaphragm (7), other locations including colon, pancreas, lung, adrenal, kidney (9). Two @entity1 had additional miliary disease. All @entity1 underwent joint surgical management by gynecologic and surgical oncologists. There were no deaths in the immediate post-operative period. The 5 year survival rate was 45% following the joint surgical effort, with a median post-collaborative surgery survival duration of 42 months. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies document survival benefit of surgery for @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 when there has been a long disease-free interval, localized pelvic or intra-abdominal recurrences and an optimal performance status. Most gynecologic oncologists do not perform extensive liver or diaphragm resections or lymph node excision above the renal vessels; thus, collaboration with a surgical oncologist is a viable option. In this small descriptive study, the feasibility of this reasonably well-tolerated approach, with possible survival benefit, is documented.

title: Surgical management of recurrent XXXX : the advantage of collaborative surgical management and a multidisciplinary approach.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity1 without @entity281 were given 4 g @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity2554 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity5579 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity5579 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity1 with obstructive @entity1276 showed relative good penetration of @entity5579 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity1 and @entity1779 with @entity548 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity5579 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity510 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity5579 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity5579 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of XXXX levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity1 with @entity1276 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity1 without @entity281 were given 4 g @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity2554 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity5579 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity5579 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity1 with obstructive @entity1276 showed relative good penetration of @entity5579 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity1 and @entity1779 with @entity548 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity5579 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity510 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity5579 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity5579 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of @entity2891 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Eleven neurosurgical @entity1 without @entity281 were given 4 g @entity2891 ( @entity5579 ) intravenously for 30 minutes. Ventricular drainage was performed in 10 cases, and 1 case with cisternal drainage. Eight of 11 cases showed moderate to severe @entity2554 . Serum and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of @entity5579 were measured for 8 hours after injection. Average peak serum concentration of @entity5579 was 476 micrograms/ml and the half-life was 150 minutes. @entity1 with obstructive @entity1276 showed relative good penetration of @entity5579 in CSF (2.74 approximately 5.29 micrograms/ml). Especially, those who had severe dilatation of ventricles demonstrated sequential increased concentration (5.48 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml at 8 hours). In poor risk @entity1 and @entity1779 with @entity548 cases, who had normal range of CSF cell counts and protein, @entity5579 level was low, less than 2 micrograms/ml. In cases with severe @entity510 , sufficient concentration (11 micrograms/ml) of @entity5579 was observed in cisternal CSF. The @entity5579 concentrations in CSF after 4 g administration did not seem to exceed comparing to 2 g dosing.

title: [A study of @entity2891 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX with @entity1276 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of chronic @entity2371 and their therapeutic care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of articles and consensus conferences published on this subject in the Medline(  ) (PubMed(  )) database. RESULTS: @entity158 importance and @entity75 size are somewhat linked. In the case of @entity1118 , @entity46 lesions are not always the only cause of the @entity158 . Imaging consists mostly of MRI and transvaginal ultrasonography. Treatment must be offered to @entity1 with painful @entity46 . Hormonal treatment meant to cause @entity2588 is recommended to improve @entity1834 , @entity546 and @entity1118 . Endometriosis should be confirmed by pathological or surgical findings, before prolonged treatment is undergone. Prolonged postoperative @entity2588 significantly decreases @entity158 and lesion relapse. Surgical treatment is effective on @entity2531 and is recommended in the event of painful @entity46 . Undergoing surgery is recommended only if individual benefit exceeds risk. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment should aim at improving symptoms rather than systematically removing every @entity75 . Diagnosis of @entity75 at an early stage is currently a major part of public health policy.

title: [Endometriosis and chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesion']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pains']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) continues to rise in the Western world. The development and growth of the prostate gland depends on @entity342 stimulation. @entity586 ( @entity587 ) is the primary @entity342 responsible for prostate development and also for the pathogenesis of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). @entity587 is synthesized in prostate from circulating @entity251 (T) through the action of 5alpha-Reductase (5alpha-R) (EC 1.3.99.5), which occurs as two isozymes, type-1 and type-2. Both types are expressed in the prostate: type-2 isozyme is predominantly expressed in prostate and is implicated in @entity1067 and @entity263 ; type-1 isozyme is also increased in some @entity263 . In recent years, various inhibitors of type-2 isozyme or of both type-1 and type-2 isozyme have been used in @entity4623 . METHODS: We present the first published measurements of mRNA levels of @entity134 5alpha-R isozymes in the ventral prostate of @entity35 of different @entity342 status. We used a novel method that combines the high specificity of competitive PCR with the sensitivity of laser-induced capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). RESULTS: We demonstrated that T and @entity587 @entity3800 control the expression of both 5alpha-R isozymes in @entity35 prostrate. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could be of great value for the study of @entity4623 in @entity1 and would allow study at the transcriptional level of the effects of drugs that inhibit either or both of these isozymes.

title: Development of a quantitative RT-PCR method to study 5alpha-reductase mRNA isozymes in @entity35 prostate in different XXXX status.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostatic adenocarcinomas', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH', 'benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic diseases', 'prostate diseases']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) continues to rise in the Western world. The development and growth of the prostate gland depends on @entity342 stimulation. @entity586 ( @entity587 ) is the primary @entity342 responsible for prostate development and also for the pathogenesis of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). @entity587 is synthesized in prostate from circulating @entity251 (T) through the action of 5alpha-Reductase (5alpha-R) (EC 1.3.99.5), which occurs as two isozymes, type-1 and type-2. Both types are expressed in the prostate: type-2 isozyme is predominantly expressed in prostate and is implicated in @entity1067 and @entity263 ; type-1 isozyme is also increased in some @entity263 . In recent years, various inhibitors of type-2 isozyme or of both type-1 and type-2 isozyme have been used in @entity4623 . METHODS: We present the first published measurements of mRNA levels of @entity134 5alpha-R isozymes in the ventral prostate of @entity35 of different @entity342 status. We used a novel method that combines the high specificity of competitive PCR with the sensitivity of laser-induced capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). RESULTS: We demonstrated that T and @entity587 @entity3800 control the expression of both 5alpha-R isozymes in @entity35 prostrate. CONCLUSIONS: This approach could be of great value for the study of @entity4623 in @entity1 and would allow study at the transcriptional level of the effects of drugs that inhibit either or both of these isozymes.

title: Development of a quantitative RT-PCR method to study 5alpha-reductase mRNA isozymes in XXXX prostate in different @entity342 status.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: There is strong evidence that commissural interneurons, neurons with axons that extend to the contralateral side of the spinal cord, play an important role in the coordination of left/right alternation during locomotion. In this study we investigated the projections of commissural interneurons to motor neurons and other commissural interneurons on the other side of the spinal cord in neonatal @entity35 . To establish whether there are direct contacts between axons of commissural interneurons and motor neurons, we carried out two series of experiments. In the first experiment we injected biotinylated dextran @entity6115 ( @entity7506 ) into the lateral motor column to retrogradely label commissural interneurons that may have direct projections to motor neurons. Stained neurons were recovered in the ventromedial areas of the contralateral gray matter in substantial numbers. In the second experiment @entity7506 was injected into the ventromedial gray matter on one side of the lumbar spinal cord, whereas motor neurons were simultaneously labeled on the opposite side by applying biocytin onto the ventral roots. @entity7506 injections into the ventromedial gray matter labeled a strong axon bundle that arose from the site of injection, crossed the midline in the ventral commissure, and extensively arborized in the contralateral ventral gray matter. Many of these axons made close appositions with dendrites and somata of motor neurons and also with commissural interneurons retrogradely labeled with @entity7506 . The results suggest that commissural interneurons may establish monosynaptic contacts with motor neurons on the opposite side of the spinal cord. Our findings also indicate that direct reciprocal connections between commissural interneurons on the two sides of the spinal cord may also exist.

title: Synaptic targets of commissural interneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) synovial cells interact with inflammatory cells, as well as extracellular matrices, through integrins. However, the relevance of @entity2393 to inflammatory processes in @entity309 remains unclear. We examined the role of @entity2393 -mediated signaling in @entity309 . METHODS: Expression of cell-surface molecules was assessed by FACScan. Engagement of @entity8652 integrins was performed by crosslinking using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and ligand matrices such as fibronectin or collagen. To determine the involvement of @entity669 kinases in @entity2393 -mediated signaling, the cells were pretreated with various inhibitors of intracytoplasmic signaling or were transfected with a wild-type @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) or a dominant negative truncation of the @entity3818 expression plasmid via cationic liposome-mediated transfection. Apoptosis of synovial cells was detected by double staining with @entity2667 and @entity4404 . RESULTS: @entity2393 was highly expressed on @entity309 synovial cells. Engagement of @entity8652 integrins by crosslinking as well as by ligand matrices markedly up-regulated expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) and Fas. Up-regulation of @entity2071 and Fas induced by @entity2393 was mediated by the @entity669 kinase signaling pathway, especially involving @entity3818 . Fas-mediated early apoptotic change in the cells was amplified by @entity8652 crosslinking. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that interaction of @entity8652 integrins with extracellular matrix augments expression of @entity2071 and Fas on @entity309 synovial cells, as well as Fas-mediated apoptosis of synovial cells. This might lead to the spontaneous growth arrest through the Fas/ @entity12 pathway observed in @entity309 .

title: XXXX -mediated signaling induces @entity2071 and Fas on rheumatoid synovial cells and Fas-mediated apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA synovitis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta1 integrin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) synovial cells interact with inflammatory cells, as well as extracellular matrices, through integrins. However, the relevance of @entity2393 to inflammatory processes in @entity309 remains unclear. We examined the role of @entity2393 -mediated signaling in @entity309 . METHODS: Expression of cell-surface molecules was assessed by FACScan. Engagement of @entity8652 integrins was performed by crosslinking using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and ligand matrices such as fibronectin or collagen. To determine the involvement of @entity669 kinases in @entity2393 -mediated signaling, the cells were pretreated with various inhibitors of intracytoplasmic signaling or were transfected with a wild-type @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) or a dominant negative truncation of the @entity3818 expression plasmid via cationic liposome-mediated transfection. Apoptosis of synovial cells was detected by double staining with @entity2667 and @entity4404 . RESULTS: @entity2393 was highly expressed on @entity309 synovial cells. Engagement of @entity8652 integrins by crosslinking as well as by ligand matrices markedly up-regulated expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) and Fas. Up-regulation of @entity2071 and Fas induced by @entity2393 was mediated by the @entity669 kinase signaling pathway, especially involving @entity3818 . Fas-mediated early apoptotic change in the cells was amplified by @entity8652 crosslinking. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that interaction of @entity8652 integrins with extracellular matrix augments expression of @entity2071 and Fas on @entity309 synovial cells, as well as Fas-mediated apoptosis of synovial cells. This might lead to the spontaneous growth arrest through the Fas/ @entity12 pathway observed in @entity309 .

title: @entity2393 -mediated signaling induces XXXX and Fas on rheumatoid synovial cells and Fas-mediated apoptosis.

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']


abstract: A low level of @entity56 has been generally reported in @entity1 from developing countries. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of @entity565 and @entity566 among schoolchildren in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. A standardized self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Study of @entity566 in @entity1 (ISAAC) was used. In total, 3,365 @entity1 aged 13-14 years were surveyed at school, with a response rate of 98.4%. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The 12-month-period prevalences of wheeze (16.2%), rhino- @entity2024 (14.5%), and @entity484 (10.9%) were comparable to findings from Addis Ababa, but significantly higher than reported from Jimma. A striking seasonal pattern of @entity2490 symptoms is observed during the months of September-December with a peak in November, corresponding with the main pollen season of the area. Overall, about 36% of the @entity1 reported symptoms of @entity74 . However, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity66 (8.6%) is less than a quarter of the symptom prevalence rate. This may reflect a generally poor awareness and low health service utilization, or underdiagnosis by health facilities. In conclusion, it appears that the prevalence of @entity66 in Gondar area is high, and there is also wide variation within the country. This calls for further epidemiological studies with more objective assessments of atopy, such as allergen and @entity2488 and ecological analysis.

title: Prevalence of symptoms of @entity565 and XXXX in schoolchildren in Gondar town and its vicinity, northwest Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness tests']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['atopic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergies']


abstract: A low level of @entity56 has been generally reported in @entity1 from developing countries. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of symptoms of @entity565 and @entity566 among schoolchildren in Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. A standardized self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Study of @entity566 in @entity1 (ISAAC) was used. In total, 3,365 @entity1 aged 13-14 years were surveyed at school, with a response rate of 98.4%. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The 12-month-period prevalences of wheeze (16.2%), rhino- @entity2024 (14.5%), and @entity484 (10.9%) were comparable to findings from Addis Ababa, but significantly higher than reported from Jimma. A striking seasonal pattern of @entity2490 symptoms is observed during the months of September-December with a peak in November, corresponding with the main pollen season of the area. Overall, about 36% of the @entity1 reported symptoms of @entity74 . However, the prevalence of diagnosed @entity66 (8.6%) is less than a quarter of the symptom prevalence rate. This may reflect a generally poor awareness and low health service utilization, or underdiagnosis by health facilities. In conclusion, it appears that the prevalence of @entity66 in Gondar area is high, and there is also wide variation within the country. This calls for further epidemiological studies with more objective assessments of atopy, such as allergen and @entity2488 and ecological analysis.

title: Prevalence of symptoms of XXXX and @entity566 in schoolchildren in Gondar town and its vicinity, northwest Ethiopia.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The kinetic analysis of @entity1524 oxidation by @entity5944 suggested that substrate binding and release occurred in the multiple steps and such events proceeded rapidly. However, the crystal structure of the @entity5944 - @entity1524 complex reveals that no obvious channel is open enough to allow @entity1524 to pass through. Thus, an intriguing and important question arises: how @entity1524 enters and exits the active site, which is deeply buried at the center of @entity5944 fold. In this study, geometric analysis of the potential openings was first performed on all the available crystal structures of @entity5944 . And then, random acceleration molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the possible substrate egress channels in @entity5944 . Two channels were most frequently observed. Afterwards, steered molecular dynamics simulations were performed and potentials of mean force were constructed to compare the preference of the two channels serving as the substrate egress channel. The results showed that channel 2c, which is located between helices I and G and the helix B'-C region, was the most likely channel for @entity1524 egress. The opening of channel 2c was characterized by a rotation of @entity815 111 together with a bending of helix B'. Our findings will not only be helpful for understanding the unbinding mechanism of @entity1524 and for identifying structural determinants related to the biological function of @entity5944 , but also provide further insight into the channel selectivity of P450s.

title: Exploring XXXX egress channels in human cytochrome P450 2A6 by random acceleration and steered molecular dynamics simulations.

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

answer: @entity1524 :: (MESH:C030123,Chemical) :: ['coumarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the effect of vaginal pessaries in @entity1 at risk for @entity600 ( @entity600 ). STUDY DESIGN: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) was longitudinally performed to measure cervical length (CL) in 258 singleton at risk for @entity600 and 282 twin pregnancies. Pairs with or without treatment were matched for gestational age and the CL at examination. RESULTS: In 4 singleton and 7 twin pregnancies the CL was < 15 mm before 24 weeks, the mean interval between pessary insertion and delivery was 13 + 2 and 12 + 5 weeks respectively. For the matched control analysis, 12 pairs with singleton and 23 pairs with twin pregnancies were compared. For singleton pregnancies, the mean interval between TVS and delivery was 99 (70-134) days in the treatment and 67 (2-130) days in the control group (p = 0.0184), the mean gestational age at delivery was 38 (36 + 6-41) and 33 + 4 (26-38) weeks respectively (p = 0.02). For twin pregnancies, the interval was 85 (43-129) days in the treatment and 67 (21-100) days in the control group (p = 0.001), gestational age at delivery was 35 + 6 (33-37 + 4) and 33 + 2 (24 + 4-37 + 2) respectively (p = 0.02). Within singleton pregnancies with pessary, there was no @entity600 < 36 weeks compared to 6/12 cases in the control group (p < 0.001). Within twin pregnancies, the rates were 8/23 cases with @entity600 < 36 weeks but none < 32 weeks, compared to 12/23 cases with @entity600 < 36 weeks and 7/23 cases < 32 weeks in the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Insertion of a vaginal pessary may be a cost-effective preventive treatment in @entity1 at risk for @entity600 . Prospective controlled trials are needed.

title: Is treatment with vaginal pessaries an option in XXXX with a sonographically detected short cervix?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous preterm birth', 'SPB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A @entity291 pericardial monocusp patch was used in 21 @entity1 with a variety of @entity4297 for reconstruction of obstructed right ventricular outflow tract. Two early postoperative @entity204 and one late @entity204 occurred, and these were unrelated to monocusp patch function. Survivors have completed a mean follow-up of 113 months (range 29 to 141 months). They are all asymptomatic, and their physical activity is unrestricted. Seventeen @entity1 have completed more than 5 years of follow-up and, of these, 11 @entity1 have completed more than 10 years of follow-up. Eleven @entity1 have been reinvestigated by sequential postoperative hemodynamic and angiographic studies at mean periods of 16, 48, and 100 months. The mean peak systolic pressure gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract under conditions of normal flow was 13 +/- 2.4 mm Hg at 16 months, and it has shown no significant change when measured at intervals of up to 124 months after the operation. This lack of change suggests effective long-term relief of the outflow tract obstruction. Serial radiographic screening of all @entity1 and angiographic studies in 11 @entity1 disclosed no evidence of graft calcification, @entity850 , or dilatation. The monocusp valve remained functional and effectively abolished or reduced @entity338 . In 11 @entity1 who had residual @entity338 , the regurgitation was mild and, up to 12 years after operation, had not resulted in any adverse clinical sequelae.

title: Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a XXXX pericardial monocusp patch. Long-term clinical and hemodynamic evaluation.

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation', 'pulmonary valve incompetence']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Although common in Japan, early @entity356 is rarely seen in Western countries and generally accounts for only 7 to 10 percent of all @entity356 . Eleven @entity1 with early @entity356 seen over a 10 year period have been reviewed for clinical and pathologic features, method of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The symptoms usually consisted of vague @entity158 or @entity2210 , but @entity448 , @entity353 , @entity417 , and @entity4988 were not commonly seen. Barium meal examination was not helpful in the diagnosis in 50 percent of the @entity1 . The diagnosis was made by endoscopic biopsy of abnormal areas of the stomach, although in 6 of 11 @entity1 , there was no macroscopic suspicion of @entity5 . All @entity1 were treated by surgical resection. The @entity5 was confined to the mucosa in five @entity1 and had infiltrated the submucosa in six @entity1 . The lymph nodes were free of @entity5 in every @entity1 . At last follow-up, seven @entity1 had survived more than 5 years after operation and were well, although recurrent @entity5 developed in two @entity1 3 and 4 years postoperatively but were detected early by endoscopic surveillance. Early @entity356 has a good prognosis after surgical resection, but the symptoms are vague and the diagnostic tests can be misleading. A vigorous approach to investigation, treatment, and follow-up is necessary to achieve satisfactory results.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic problems in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric malignancies']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether it is possible on the basis of ECG examination to judge the haemodynamic impact of @entity1151 . METHOD: To compare by retrospective analysis of hospital documentation of @entity1 at the medical department the assessed ECG changes with the echocardiographic finding of @entity120 and @entity1001 . As positive an ECG finding was evaluated involving changes of the ST-T segment in VI-V4, S1Q3T3 negative or @entity714 ( @entity714 ). As a positive echocardiographic finding the authors evaluated the size of the right ventricle above 30 mm or the shape of the acceleration curve in the outflow tract of the right ventricle corresponding to @entity120 . RESULTS: The authors analyzed 179 @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity1151 during the period from Jan. 1 1996 till Dec. 31 2000. A positive ECG finding was recorded in 103 @entity1 , i.e. 57.5%. Echocardiographic examination was made in 112 and 65 of them had a positive ECG. An echocardiographic finding of @entity120 or dilatation of the right ventricle was recorded in 92 @entity1 . In case of positivity of at least one ECG finding an ECG sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 60% was found. In case of changes in the ST-T segment in V1-V4 the sensitivity and specificity was 47% and 70% resp., for S1Q3T3 negative 27% and 80% resp. and PRT @entity42461 % and 90% resp. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of ECG changes does not rule out serious @entity1151 . The finding of typical ECG changes is very frequently associated with @entity120 , @entity1001 and a serious haemodynamic finding.

title: [Importance of the ECG for evaluation of severity of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolisms']


abstract: We measured airway diameter and quantitated airway pathology scores in @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) and @entity5924 ( @entity5924 ) in 37 @entity1 undergoing resection for solitary pulmonary nodules. The @entity1 had FEV1 greater than 75% of the predicted. Measurements of FEV1, @entity1568 washout curve (delta N2/L), closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC%), and maximal flow at 50% of VC (V50) were made prior to surgery. There were 22 smokers and 15 nonsmokers. There were more @entity5924 per cm2 of tissue than @entity1576 (0.74 versus 1.02). The mean internal diameter for @entity5924 was 0.55 +/- 0.27 mm; for @entity1576 it was 0.47 +/- 0.15 mm. There were more @entity5924 greater than 1.0 mm in internal diameter than @entity1576 greater than 1.0 mm, and the mean diameter of @entity5924 was less than that noted in autopsy specimens. The total pathology scores for all airways were less than those found in Caucasian populations. Pathology scores were higher for @entity5924 than for @entity1576 , except for pigment deposition. @entity32 scores were higher in @entity1 with FEV1 less than 100% predicted both for @entity1576 (p less than 0.05) and for @entity5924 (p less than 0.05). FEV1 values correlated with goblet cell metaplasia scores (p less than 0.05) for @entity5924 and with @entity82 (p less than 0.05), pigment deposition (p less than 0.05), and intraluminal macrophages (p less than 0.05) for @entity1576 . Tests specific for small airways (delta N2/L, V50, CV/VC%) did not correlate with the pathology scores.

title: Small airways disease in XXXX without chronic air-flow limitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['membranous bronchioles', 'MB']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory bronchioles', 'RB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The surgical treatment for cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) fistulas provides closure of the bone and dural defects and prevents the recurrence of @entity75 . The two main approaches used are the transmastoid and middle fossa ones. The authors review the results of performing a modified middle fossa approach with a vascularized temporalis muscle flap to create a barrier between the repaired dural and @entity79 . Fifteen consecutive cases of CSF fistulas treated at the authors' institution were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 presented with @entity2972 . Eleven @entity1 had previously undergone ear surgery. A middle fossa approach was followed in all cases. The authors used a thin but watertight and vascularly preserved temporalis muscle flap that had been dissected from the medial side of the temporalis muscle and was laid intracranially on the floor of the middle fossa, between the repaired dura mater and petrous bone. The median follow-up period was 2.5 years. None of the @entity1 experienced recurrence of @entity2972 or @entity693 . There was no complication related to the intracranial temporalis muscle flap (for example, @entity410 or @entity428 caused by @entity121 ). One @entity1 developed @entity1276 , which resolved after the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 2 months later. The thin, vascularized muscle flap created an excellent barrier against the recurrence of CSF fistulas and also avoided the risk of @entity428 caused by @entity121 . This technique is particularly useful in refractory cases.

title: Vascularized temporalis muscle flap for the treatment of XXXX . Technical note.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain herniation and CSF fistula']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle swelling']

answer: @entity2972 :: (MESH:D002558,Disease) :: ['otorrhea']