abstract: In a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two treatment modalities for @entity6223 , 12 @entity1 aged between 15 years and 23 years were recruited into a six months longitudinal study. The split mouth design was used such that one side (upper and lower quadrants) received conservative treatment. Each side was randomly assigned one of the two treatment modalities. Standardized probing attachment level (PAL) measurement and degree of mobility of the teeth were taken at recruitment (baseline), one, three and six months postoperation. @entity803 capsules 250mg, 6 hourly, was administered for 2 weeks at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. Initial thorough scaling and polishing of the @entity2133 was done for all the @entity1 . At follow-up, there were marked improvements seen with both treatment modalities. The mean probing depth for surgical treatment (3.57mm +/- 0.78) was significantly lower than that of conservative treatment (4.11mm +/- 0.74) P < 0.05 at 3 months. Also, this significant difference continued up to 6 months (2.70mm +/- 0.57, 3.55mm +/- 0.65; P < 0.05 ). For the degree of mobility, significant difference was only evident at 6 months of follow-up (0.48 +/- 0.29, 0.98 +/- 0.523; P < 0.05 ) for surgical treatment and conservative treatment respectively. It was therefore concluded that surgical debridement with systemic administration of @entity803 is more effective than the conservative technique in the treatment of @entity6223 , although both gave improvement.

title: Comparative evaluation of surgical and conservative treatment modalities of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['whole mouth']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline', 'Tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

answer: @entity6223 :: (MESH:D010520,Disease) :: ['juvenile periodontitis']


abstract: In a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two treatment modalities for @entity6223 , 12 @entity1 aged between 15 years and 23 years were recruited into a six months longitudinal study. The split mouth design was used such that one side (upper and lower quadrants) received conservative treatment. Each side was randomly assigned one of the two treatment modalities. Standardized probing attachment level (PAL) measurement and degree of mobility of the teeth were taken at recruitment (baseline), one, three and six months postoperation. @entity803 capsules 250mg, 6 hourly, was administered for 2 weeks at baseline and at 3 months follow-up. Initial thorough scaling and polishing of the @entity2133 was done for all the @entity1 . At follow-up, there were marked improvements seen with both treatment modalities. The mean probing depth for surgical treatment (3.57mm +/- 0.78) was significantly lower than that of conservative treatment (4.11mm +/- 0.74) P < 0.05 at 3 months. Also, this significant difference continued up to 6 months (2.70mm +/- 0.57, 3.55mm +/- 0.65; P < 0.05 ). For the degree of mobility, significant difference was only evident at 6 months of follow-up (0.48 +/- 0.29, 0.98 +/- 0.523; P < 0.05 ) for surgical treatment and conservative treatment respectively. It was therefore concluded that surgical debridement with systemic administration of @entity803 is more effective than the conservative technique in the treatment of @entity6223 , although both gave improvement.

title: Comparative evaluation of surgical and conservative treatment modalities of @entity6223 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Presumptive treatment of fever with @entity503 (CQ) remains the major strategy for @entity311 control in Nigeria. Efficacy surveillance of CQ must therefore be continuous for this strategy to remain valid. In this study we determined the efficacy of CQ in 120 @entity1 aged 6m to 34yr who presented with acute uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 . Clinical success was 86.6%. Parasitological cure was 56.7%. Mean fever and parasite clearance times were 2.5 +/- 1.2D and 4.2 +/- 1.6D, respectively. Recrudescence rate was 24.45%. Twenty-four @entity1 (20%) showed R11 response while 6 @entity1 (5%) showed R111 response. Risk of treatment failure was significantly higher among @entity1 (< or = 15 yr) [P = 0.02, RR = 2.35 ] and among @entity1 whose level of parasitaemia on day 2 was higher than day zero value. [P = 0.04; RR = 6.54]. Although @entity3147 was not associated with higher risk of parasitological failure (P = 0.52), the proportion of @entity1 with R11/R111 response compared to R1 response was significantly higher among malnourished @entity1 compared to @entity1 with satisfactory nutritional status (OR 2.92; p = 0.001). The findings suggests the need for extra vigilance of CQ-Resistant @entity3964 (CRPF) @entity311 in @entity1 in general, and malnourished @entity1 in particular if potentially serious complications are to be averted.

title: @entity503 -resistant XXXX @entity311 in Ilorin, Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors for treatment failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: Presumptive treatment of fever with @entity503 (CQ) remains the major strategy for @entity311 control in Nigeria. Efficacy surveillance of CQ must therefore be continuous for this strategy to remain valid. In this study we determined the efficacy of CQ in 120 @entity1 aged 6m to 34yr who presented with acute uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 . Clinical success was 86.6%. Parasitological cure was 56.7%. Mean fever and parasite clearance times were 2.5 +/- 1.2D and 4.2 +/- 1.6D, respectively. Recrudescence rate was 24.45%. Twenty-four @entity1 (20%) showed R11 response while 6 @entity1 (5%) showed R111 response. Risk of treatment failure was significantly higher among @entity1 (< or = 15 yr) [P = 0.02, RR = 2.35 ] and among @entity1 whose level of parasitaemia on day 2 was higher than day zero value. [P = 0.04; RR = 6.54]. Although @entity3147 was not associated with higher risk of parasitological failure (P = 0.52), the proportion of @entity1 with R11/R111 response compared to R1 response was significantly higher among malnourished @entity1 compared to @entity1 with satisfactory nutritional status (OR 2.92; p = 0.001). The findings suggests the need for extra vigilance of CQ-Resistant @entity3964 (CRPF) @entity311 in @entity1 in general, and malnourished @entity1 in particular if potentially serious complications are to be averted.

title: XXXX -resistant @entity3964 @entity311 in Ilorin, Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors for treatment failure.

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['Chloroquine']


abstract: Presumptive treatment of fever with @entity503 (CQ) remains the major strategy for @entity311 control in Nigeria. Efficacy surveillance of CQ must therefore be continuous for this strategy to remain valid. In this study we determined the efficacy of CQ in 120 @entity1 aged 6m to 34yr who presented with acute uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 . Clinical success was 86.6%. Parasitological cure was 56.7%. Mean fever and parasite clearance times were 2.5 +/- 1.2D and 4.2 +/- 1.6D, respectively. Recrudescence rate was 24.45%. Twenty-four @entity1 (20%) showed R11 response while 6 @entity1 (5%) showed R111 response. Risk of treatment failure was significantly higher among @entity1 (< or = 15 yr) [P = 0.02, RR = 2.35 ] and among @entity1 whose level of parasitaemia on day 2 was higher than day zero value. [P = 0.04; RR = 6.54]. Although @entity3147 was not associated with higher risk of parasitological failure (P = 0.52), the proportion of @entity1 with R11/R111 response compared to R1 response was significantly higher among malnourished @entity1 compared to @entity1 with satisfactory nutritional status (OR 2.92; p = 0.001). The findings suggests the need for extra vigilance of CQ-Resistant @entity3964 (CRPF) @entity311 in @entity1 in general, and malnourished @entity1 in particular if potentially serious complications are to be averted.

title: @entity503 -resistant @entity3964 XXXX in Ilorin, Nigeria: prevalence and risk factors for treatment failure.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: The use of a biological, biodegradable scaffold remodeled by cells to resemble a valve leaflet is an attractive approach to tissue engineering. The study aim was to evaluate the suitability of a three-dimensional biodegradable collagen sponge for maintenance of cell viability, proliferation and phenotype of cultured @entity1 cardiac valve interstitial cells (ICs). METHODS: Pieces of valve leaflets were snap-frozen, sectioned and stained by immunoperoxidase. Interstitial cells were cultured from cardiac valves and plated onto glass coverslips or seeded in collagen sponge, then stained by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase. A panel of antibodies was used to determine cell phenotype. Cell viability was assessed using a dye-based cell proliferation assay, and cell death by @entity880 dehydrogenase measurement. RESULTS: ICs variably expressing the phenotypic markers were found throughout the native valve leaflet, but particularly on the ventricular side. Cultured ICs either on coverslips or in collagen sponge expressed @entity2277 , a fibroblast surface antigen and variable amounts of smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin. Expression of the other phenotypic markers, SM @entity3999 , @entity2283 and @entity10783 4-hydroxylase differed: interestingly, the ratio of cells in collagen sponge expressing these markers reflected that found in the native valve leaflet. Confocal microscopy of ICs in the collagen sponge revealed the presence of cells with long interconnecting extensions indicating cell communication. Cell proliferation and cell death assays established that cells were not only viable after four weeks in the sponge, but were also proliferating. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that collagen sponge is a suitable biodegradable scaffold that can maintain viable valve ICs and appears to enhance the capacity of the cell to express its original phenotype.

title: XXXX cardiac valve interstitial cells in collagen sponge: a biological three-dimensional matrix for tissue engineering.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The beneficial effects of @entity1160 is well-documented in ICU @entity1 . However, the documentation and control of enteral administration of @entity1160 is still insufficient. As an adjunct to enteral nutrition, a concentrated @entity5634 solution may be given in a central venous line, but administration via a peripheral vein would be preferable. Therefore, we systematically evaluated local vascular tolerance following a concentrated @entity5634 infusion in ICU- @entity1 . METHODS: ICU- @entity1 (n=20) were randomized to receive a 20% @entity20553 infusion of 0.5 g/kg or placebo during 4 h in a peripheral vein on 3 consecutive days. Local tolerance was evaluated clinically, by Maddox score, and ultrasonically before the infusion and on days 1, 4 and 8 after the infusion. RESULTS: In the study, 56 out of 60 (93%) planned infusions were administered and 157 out of 168 (93%) clinical evaluations were successfully performed. The ultrasonic evaluation revealed that the utilized veins had a diameter of 2.15+/-0.8 mm (range, 1.0--4.4 mm). There were no signs of @entity2268 in any single vein. CONCLUSION: Administration of a @entity1160 -containing @entity5634 concentrate (20%) by peripheral veins is safe in terms of local tolerance, if a strict protocol is adapted for this purpose is used.

title: The local vascular tolerance to an intravenous infusion of a concentrated XXXX solution in ICU @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity20553 :: ('MESH:C054122', 'Chemical') :: ['alanyl-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5634 :: ('CHEBI:46761', 'Chemical') :: ['dipeptide']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The beneficial effects of @entity1160 is well-documented in ICU @entity1 . However, the documentation and control of enteral administration of @entity1160 is still insufficient. As an adjunct to enteral nutrition, a concentrated @entity5634 solution may be given in a central venous line, but administration via a peripheral vein would be preferable. Therefore, we systematically evaluated local vascular tolerance following a concentrated @entity5634 infusion in ICU- @entity1 . METHODS: ICU- @entity1 (n=20) were randomized to receive a 20% @entity20553 infusion of 0.5 g/kg or placebo during 4 h in a peripheral vein on 3 consecutive days. Local tolerance was evaluated clinically, by Maddox score, and ultrasonically before the infusion and on days 1, 4 and 8 after the infusion. RESULTS: In the study, 56 out of 60 (93%) planned infusions were administered and 157 out of 168 (93%) clinical evaluations were successfully performed. The ultrasonic evaluation revealed that the utilized veins had a diameter of 2.15+/-0.8 mm (range, 1.0--4.4 mm). There were no signs of @entity2268 in any single vein. CONCLUSION: Administration of a @entity1160 -containing @entity5634 concentrate (20%) by peripheral veins is safe in terms of local tolerance, if a strict protocol is adapted for this purpose is used.

title: The local vascular tolerance to an intravenous infusion of a concentrated @entity1160 solution in ICU XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the IVF outcome for @entity1 with @entity46 . DESIGN: Meta-analysis. SETTING: @entity4207 . @entity1 (S): A MEDLINE search and review of the literature were performed. @entity1 were classified by level of @entity46 , and controls were classified according to the indication for IVF. INTERVENTION(S): Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate overall effect and control for confounding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy rates, fertilization rate, implantation rates, and numbers of oocytes retrieved. RESULT(S): Twenty-two published studies were included in the overall analysis. The chance of achieving pregnancy was significantly lower for @entity46 @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.70) when compared with tubal factor controls. Multivariate analysis also demonstrated a decrease in fertilization and implantation rates, and a significant decrease in the number of oocytes retrieved for @entity46 @entity1 . Pregnancy rates for @entity1 with severe @entity46 were significantly lower than for @entity1 with @entity66 (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.87). CONCLUSION(S): @entity1 with @entity46 -associated @entity249 undergoing IVF respond with significantly decreased levels of all markers of reproductive process, resulting in a pregnancy rate that is almost one half that of @entity1 with other indications for IVF. These data suggest that the effect of @entity46 is not exclusively on the receptivity of the endometrium but also on the development of the oocyte and embryo.

title: Effect of XXXX on in vitro fertilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mild disease']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic research center']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: The non-invasive brain scanning techniques introduced a quarter of a century ago have become crucial for diagnosis in clinical neurology. They have also been used to investigate brain function and have provided information about normal activity and pathogenesis. They have been used to investigate functional specialization in the brain and how specialized areas communicate to generate complex integrated functions such as speech, memory, the emotions and so on. The phenomenon of brain plasticity is poorly understood and yet clinical neurologists are aware, from everyday observations, that spontaneous recovery from @entity75 is common. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of recovery may generate new therapeutic strategies and indicate ways of modulating mechanisms that promote @entity1538 for loss of function. The main methods used to investigate these issues are positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (M.R.I.). M.R.I. is also used to map brain structure. The techniques of functional brain mapping and computational morphometrics depend on high performance scanners and a validated set of analytic statistical procedures that generate reproducible data and meaningful inferences from brain scanning data. The motor system presents a good paradigm to illustrate advances made by scanning towards an understanding of plasticity at the level of brain areas. The normal motor system is organized in a nested hierarchy. Recovery from paralysis caused by internal capsule strokes involves functional reorganization manifesting itself as changed patterns of activity in the component brain areas of the normal motor system. The pattern of plastic modification depends in part on patterns of residual or disturbed connectivity after @entity1545 . Therapeutic manipulations in @entity1 with @entity191 using deep brain stimulation, dopaminergic agents or fetal mesencephalic transplantation provide a means to examine mechanisms underpinning plastic change. Other models of plastic change, such as normal visuospatial learning or re-establishing speech comprehension after cochlear implantation in the deaf illustrate how patterns of brain function adapt over time. Limitations of the scanning techniques and prospects for the future are discussed in relation to new developments in the neuroimaging field.

title: Forthergillian Lecture. Imaging XXXX brain function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['plastic compensation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity439 (PA) may cause serious complications. Early detection and surgery are beneficial. What are the circumstances under which the diagnosis of PA is made? What risks are associated with the treatment? A total of 36 consecutive PAs in 22 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 were treated in a single-center series. Altogether, 26 surgical reconstructions (group 1) were performed using a medial approach, and two PAs were resected through a dorsal approach. Eight @entity1 with eight PAs did not undergo surgery (group 2): Two were awaiting surgery, and six had refused it. At the time of diagnosis, 25 PAs were symptomatic: @entity158 , @entity4 , or "pulsation" in the popliteal groove (29%); claudication of the foot/ @entity291 (39%); critical @entity63 (21%). Eleven asymptomatic cases were discovered during screening duplex sonography of known @entity449 . Among the 28 PAs that underwent surgery, 6 produced acute symptoms. The following complications were observed: five postoperative @entity1410 , one infected @entity736 ( @entity736 ) graft, two early graft occlusions, and two significant stenoses of the distal anastomosis. After a mean follow-up of 15 months (range 2-43 months), group 1 had a limb salvage rate of 100% and a secondary patency rate of 96%. Two @entity1 are still awaiting surgery. Critical @entity63 represents an absolute indication for surgical repair, but the observed zero mortality and relatively low morbidity associated with the intervention combined with a favorable patency rate justify the liberal use of surgery even for asymptomatic PAs. The extensible medial approach is preferred. Sequential reconstruction is advised for bilateral PAs.

title: XXXX : diagnostic workup and results of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Untreated popliteal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Popliteal aneurysm']


abstract: We used the standard comet assay successfully to generate in vitro dose-response curves under oxic and @entity519 conditions. We then made mixtures of cells that had been irradiated with 3 and 9 Gy of X-rays to simulate two subpopulations in a @entity5 , but efforts to accurately detect and quantify the subpopulations using the standard comet assay were unsuccessful. Therefore, we investigated a modified comet assay to determine whether it could be used for measuring @entity519 in our model systems. @entity1 cells were grown as @entity5 in athymic @entity19 ; @entity1 and U87 MG cells were grown as intracerebral (i.c.) @entity5 in athymic @entity35 . Animals were injected with @entity28087 , irradiated, and euthanized. @entity5 and normal brains were removed, and the cells were analyzed using a modified comet assay. Differences in comet tail moment distributions between @entity5 and contralateral normal brain, using tail moments at either the 25th or 50th percentile in each distribution, were taken as measures of the degree of @entity5 . For U251 @entity5 , there was a positive relationship between @entity5 size and the degree of @entity519 , whereas preliminary data from U87 MG i.c. @entity5 showed less @entity519 and no apparent relationship between @entity5 size and @entity519 .

title: Detection of XXXX in @entity1 brain tumor xenografts using a modified comet assay.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumor hypoxia', 'MG tumors', 'subcutaneous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: We used the standard comet assay successfully to generate in vitro dose-response curves under oxic and @entity519 conditions. We then made mixtures of cells that had been irradiated with 3 and 9 Gy of X-rays to simulate two subpopulations in a @entity5 , but efforts to accurately detect and quantify the subpopulations using the standard comet assay were unsuccessful. Therefore, we investigated a modified comet assay to determine whether it could be used for measuring @entity519 in our model systems. @entity1 cells were grown as @entity5 in athymic @entity19 ; @entity1 and U87 MG cells were grown as intracerebral (i.c.) @entity5 in athymic @entity35 . Animals were injected with @entity28087 , irradiated, and euthanized. @entity5 and normal brains were removed, and the cells were analyzed using a modified comet assay. Differences in comet tail moment distributions between @entity5 and contralateral normal brain, using tail moments at either the 25th or 50th percentile in each distribution, were taken as measures of the degree of @entity5 . For U251 @entity5 , there was a positive relationship between @entity5 size and the degree of @entity519 , whereas preliminary data from U87 MG i.c. @entity5 showed less @entity519 and no apparent relationship between @entity5 size and @entity519 .

title: Detection of @entity519 in XXXX brain tumor xenografts using a modified comet assay.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Treatment goals in severe midfacial @entity130 are restoration of function and appearance. Restoration of function is directed at multiple organ systems, which support visual acuity, airway patency, mastication, lacrimation, smelling, tasting, hearing, and facial expression. Victims of blunt @entity2123 expect to look the same after surgical treatment as before injury. Delicate soft tissues of the midface often make cosmetic reconstructive surgery technically challenging. Generally, clinical evaluation alone does not suffice to fully characterize @entity174 associated with extensive swelling, and the deeper midface is not accessible to physical examination. Properly performed computed tomography (CT) overcomes most limitations of presurgical examination. Thus, operative approaches and sequencing of surgical repair are guided by imaging information displayed by CT. Restoration of function and appearance relies on recreating normal maxillofacial skeletal anatomy, with @entity71 , mandibular condyles, vertical dimension and orbital morphology. Due to its pivotal role in surgical planning, CT scans obtained for the evaluation of severe midfacial @entity130 should be designed to easily depict the imaging information necessary for clinical decision making. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Understand the facial skeletal buttress system; 2. Understand how the pattern of derangement of the buttress system determines the need for and choice of operative approach for repair of @entity174 in the middle third of the face; 3. Understand the role and importance of CT and CT reformations in the detection and classification of the pattern of buttress system derangement.

title: Imaging of high-energy midfacial XXXX : what the surgeon needs to know.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial trauma']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['particular attention to position of the malar eminences']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The anti- @entity1199 receptor (anti- @entity2902 ) antibody therapy is an exciting approach to the prevention of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation whereby immunosuppression is exerted by a selective and competitive inhibition of @entity1199 -induced T cell proliferation, a critical pathway of allorecognition. The anti- @entity2902 antibodies specifically block the alpha-subunit of the @entity2902 on activated T cells, and prevent T cell proliferation and activation of the effector arms of the immune system. The anti- @entity2902 antibodies are used as induction therapy, immediately after renal transplantation, for prevention of acute cellular rejection in @entity1 and adults. During acute rejection, the @entity2902 chain is no longer expressed on T cells; thus, the antibodies cannot be used to treat an existing acute rejection. Two anti- @entity2902 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use: daclizumab and basiliximab. In placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials in adults, daclizumab and basiliximab in combination with calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression, significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection and @entity228 -resistant acute rejection without increasing the risk of @entity5 , and neither antibody was associated with the cytokine-release syndrome. @entity1 who receive calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids for maintenance immunosuppression, as well as @entity1 who receive augmented immunosuppression to treat acute rejection, are at increased risk of @entity851 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity1071 , @entity6 , and cosmetic changes. In older @entity1 , the cosmetic adverse effects frequently reduce compliance with the treatment, and subsequently increase the risk of allograft loss. Being effective and well tolerated in children, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies reduce the need for calcineurin inhibitors while maintaining the overall efficacy of the regimen; thus, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies increase the safety margin (less @entity137 , fewer adverse effects) of the baseline immunosuppression. Secondly, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies decrease the need for corticosteroids and muromonab CD3 (OKT3) in @entity1 as a result of decreased incidence of acute rejection. The recommended pediatric dose of daclizumab is 1 mg/kg intravenously every 14 days for five doses, with the first dose administered within 24 hours pre-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains daclizumab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity2902 (5-10 microg/mL) in @entity1 for at least 12 weeks.The recommended pediatric dose of basiliximab for recipients <35 kg is 10 mg, and 20 mg for recipients > or =35 kg, intravenously on days 0 and 4 post-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains basiliximab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity2902 (>0.2 microg/mL) in @entity1 for at least 3 weeks.

title: Anti- XXXX receptor antibodies for the prevention of rejection in pediatric renal transplant @entity1 : current status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infectious or malignant complications']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: The anti- @entity1199 receptor (anti- @entity2902 ) antibody therapy is an exciting approach to the prevention of acute rejection after renal allograft transplantation whereby immunosuppression is exerted by a selective and competitive inhibition of @entity1199 -induced T cell proliferation, a critical pathway of allorecognition. The anti- @entity2902 antibodies specifically block the alpha-subunit of the @entity2902 on activated T cells, and prevent T cell proliferation and activation of the effector arms of the immune system. The anti- @entity2902 antibodies are used as induction therapy, immediately after renal transplantation, for prevention of acute cellular rejection in @entity1 and adults. During acute rejection, the @entity2902 chain is no longer expressed on T cells; thus, the antibodies cannot be used to treat an existing acute rejection. Two anti- @entity2902 monoclonal antibodies are currently in clinical use: daclizumab and basiliximab. In placebo-controlled phase III clinical trials in adults, daclizumab and basiliximab in combination with calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression, significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection and @entity228 -resistant acute rejection without increasing the risk of @entity5 , and neither antibody was associated with the cytokine-release syndrome. @entity1 who receive calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids for maintenance immunosuppression, as well as @entity1 who receive augmented immunosuppression to treat acute rejection, are at increased risk of @entity851 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity1071 , @entity6 , and cosmetic changes. In older @entity1 , the cosmetic adverse effects frequently reduce compliance with the treatment, and subsequently increase the risk of allograft loss. Being effective and well tolerated in children, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies reduce the need for calcineurin inhibitors while maintaining the overall efficacy of the regimen; thus, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies increase the safety margin (less @entity137 , fewer adverse effects) of the baseline immunosuppression. Secondly, the anti- @entity2902 antibodies decrease the need for corticosteroids and muromonab CD3 (OKT3) in @entity1 as a result of decreased incidence of acute rejection. The recommended pediatric dose of daclizumab is 1 mg/kg intravenously every 14 days for five doses, with the first dose administered within 24 hours pre-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains daclizumab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity2902 (5-10 microg/mL) in @entity1 for at least 12 weeks.The recommended pediatric dose of basiliximab for recipients <35 kg is 10 mg, and 20 mg for recipients > or =35 kg, intravenously on days 0 and 4 post-transplantation. This administration regimen maintains basiliximab levels necessary to completely saturate the @entity2902 (>0.2 microg/mL) in @entity1 for at least 3 weeks.

title: Anti- @entity1199 receptor antibodies for the prevention of rejection in pediatric renal transplant XXXX : current status.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if @entity2530 diagnosed on MR images of the knee relates to reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and may be caused by an insufficiency @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ; age range 27-82 years, mean 62 years) with MR findings of @entity2530 of the femoral or tibial condyle were prospectively included. Trabecular and cortical @entity79 were measured with high resolution peripheral quantitative CT in the non-dominant distal radius and the tibia of the involved extremity. One tibia was not measured due to @entity85 . RESULTS: The mean trabecular @entity79 of the radius was 81% of the young-adult average peak @entity79 (range 19-160%). The mean cortical @entity79 in the radius was 86% (range 63-108%). The mean trabecular @entity79 in the tibia was 92% (range 28-160%). The mean cortical @entity79 in the tibia was 86% (range 49-132%). The values of the trabecular bone of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 11 (15) @entity1 , @entity6092 in 12 (4), and osteoporotic in 9 (12), respectively. The cortical bone values of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 12 (13) @entity1 , @entity6092 in 12 (12), and osteoporotic in 8 (6), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity170 and @entity2331 are commonly found in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the knee as diagnosed on MR images. This indicates that for some @entity1 an insufficiency mechanism may be responsible for the MR findings. However, in the @entity1 with normal bone density other reasons for @entity2530 may be present.

title: XXXX diagnosed on MR images of the knee. Relationship to reduced @entity79 determined by high resolution peripheral quantitative CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic deformity']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate if @entity2530 diagnosed on MR images of the knee relates to reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and may be caused by an insufficiency @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ; age range 27-82 years, mean 62 years) with MR findings of @entity2530 of the femoral or tibial condyle were prospectively included. Trabecular and cortical @entity79 were measured with high resolution peripheral quantitative CT in the non-dominant distal radius and the tibia of the involved extremity. One tibia was not measured due to @entity85 . RESULTS: The mean trabecular @entity79 of the radius was 81% of the young-adult average peak @entity79 (range 19-160%). The mean cortical @entity79 in the radius was 86% (range 63-108%). The mean trabecular @entity79 in the tibia was 92% (range 28-160%). The mean cortical @entity79 in the tibia was 86% (range 49-132%). The values of the trabecular bone of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 11 (15) @entity1 , @entity6092 in 12 (4), and osteoporotic in 9 (12), respectively. The cortical bone values of the distal radius (tibia) were normal in 12 (13) @entity1 , @entity6092 in 12 (12), and osteoporotic in 8 (6), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity170 and @entity2331 are commonly found in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the knee as diagnosed on MR images. This indicates that for some @entity1 an insufficiency mechanism may be responsible for the MR findings. However, in the @entity1 with normal bone density other reasons for @entity2530 may be present.

title: @entity2530 diagnosed on MR images of the knee. Relationship to reduced XXXX determined by high resolution peripheral quantitative CT.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: AIM: Effects of prolonged habitual cold-water immersion on fibre size and capillarity in vastus lateralis muscle were studied in @entity1 beings. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that cold acclimatized @entity1 skeletal muscle would have reduced muscle fibre size and higher capillarity, favouring the idea of efficacy of recruitment under cold environment. METHODS: Ten @entity1 @entity1353 ( @entity1353 ) and 10 active @entity1 (controls CONs) participated in this study. Muscle biopsy was obtained from vastus lateralis and determined fibre type composition and capillary density. RESULTS: A major finding was that all @entity1353 revealed a markedly smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) in all fibre types than the CONs, or even than any other morphological data reported in previous investigations. Furthermore, mean CSA of type II fibre (range 1205-2766 microm2) was much smaller than type I fibre (2343-4327 microm2). The number of capillaries per fibre in different fibre types in the @entity1353 was higher than in the CONs (P < 0.001), and diffusional area was smaller in type II fibres than in type I fibres (P < 0.001). The @entity1353 and the CONs have similarity in the percentage of type I fibres, but type II fibre was predominant in both groups. Interestingly the proportion of type IIx fibre in the @entity1353 was higher (31%) than in the CONs (22%). No significant difference was found in the thigh circumference between the groups. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that prolonged habitual cold-water immersion may induce a decrease in fibre size and an increase in capillarity in @entity1 skeletal muscle.

title: Muscle fibre size and capillarity in Korean diving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breath-hold divers', 'BHDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The number of alveoli is a key structural determinant of lung architecture. A design-based stereologic approach was used for the direct and unbiased estimation of @entity133 in the @entity1 lung. The principle is based on two-dimensional topology in three-dimensional space and is free of assumptions on the shape, size, or spatial orientation of alveoli. @entity133 is estimated by counting their openings at the level of the free septal edges, where they form a two-dimensional network. Mathematically, the Euler number of this network is estimated using physical disectors at a light microscopic level. In six adult @entity1 lungs, the mean @entity133 was 480 million (range: 274-790 million; coefficient of variation: 37%). @entity133 was closely related to total lung volume, with larger lungs having considerably more alveoli. The mean size of a single alveolus was rather constant with 4.2 x 10(6) microm3 (range: 3.3-4.8 x 10(6) microm3; coefficient of variation: 10%), irrespective of the lung size. One cubic millimeter lung parenchyma would then contain around 170 alveoli. The method proved to be very efficient and easy to apply in practice. Future applications will show this approach to be an important addition to design-based stereologic methods for the quantitative analysis of lung structure.

title: The number of alveoli in the XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar number', 'alveolar number']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare triphasic helical CT and fast MRI with respect to detection, characterization and staging of suspected renal masses. To achieve this triphasic helical CT (plain, corticonephrographic and tubulonephrographic phase) and MRI with fast T(1) weighted and T(2) weighted sequences were performed in 29 @entity1 with a suspected @entity8 . Image quality, lesion characterization and lesion extent were assessed for both methods in all @entity1 . The acquisition phase for CT and the image sequence for MRI offering the best image quality and best diagnostic information regarding renal parenchyma, renal vessels, detection of enlarged lymph nodes, and other abdominal organs were determined. Histologically confirmed @entity1358 (n=18) were staged based on the Robson classification. Quantitative data were obtained from operator-defined regions of interest (ROIs) in all acquisition phases (CT) and all image sequences (MRI). For most criteria the rating of image quality for helical CT was generally higher as compared with fast MRI. CT and MRI detected all 24 histologically proven masses, while no false positive solid @entity5 was diagnosed with both imaging modalities. All three acquisition phases in CT and all applied image sequences in MRI were regarded as necessary in order to gain important diagnostic information. Altogether, 12 of 18 @entity1358 (67%) were correctly staged by CT and MRI. Helical CT and fast MRI allow the correct detection and characterization of suspicious @entity8 . Both imaging modalities can be recommended for clinical routine application. Although the correct histological staging of @entity703 remains difficult for both imaging methods, both are excellent in providing the critical staging information needed before surgery. Helical CT offers a significantly shorter acquisition time to cover the entire abdomen.

title: Imaging of XXXX : evaluation of fast MRI and helical CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion', 'renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity440 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity1211 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity440 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity440 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity440 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity174 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity556 and @entity5337 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity5337 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity556 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity1211 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity1211 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity440 and prior surgery, @entity174 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity1211 . @entity5337 and @entity556 mutations were not associated with @entity715 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among @entity1 taking @entity440 to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['Factor V Leiden', 'factor V Leiden']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['prothrombin', 'Prothrombin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity440 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity1211 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity440 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity440 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity440 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity174 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity556 and @entity5337 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity5337 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity556 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity1211 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity1211 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity440 and prior surgery, @entity174 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity1211 . @entity5337 and @entity556 mutations were not associated with @entity715 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among @entity1 taking XXXX to prevent @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity440 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity1211 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity440 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity440 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity440 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity174 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity556 and @entity5337 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity5337 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity556 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity1211 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity1211 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity440 and prior surgery, @entity174 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity1211 . @entity5337 and @entity556 mutations were not associated with @entity715 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among XXXX taking @entity440 to prevent @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The transligamental intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent nerve is established in many surgical clinics as an useful and reliable technique. It is especially suitable to identify the recurrent nerve and to monitor its function during thyroid operation. We have analysed 14 early postoperative recurrent @entity129 between June 1997 and December 2000 (1,23 % related to nerves at risk). As a result of complete follow up we found 4 permanent @entity129 (0,35 % related to nerves at risk). In 11 out of 14 cases the neuromonitoring revealed a dysfunction of the recurrent nerve. The following long distance microsurgical preparation showed no interruption of the continuity of the nerve. Knowing the fact of unilateral negative monitoring signal we adapted our operative strategy. Therefore we did not observe @entity129 . In 3 @entity1 we found a positive nerve signal but nevertheless these @entity1 showed postoperative unilateral recurrent palsies. The possible reasons are discussed. We are convinced that the neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is an important progress in thyroid surgery.

title: [Neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve--a critical analysis of XXXX with postoperative nerve palsy].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsies', 'bilateral nerve palsies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent choledocholithotomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. She was complicated with @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity951 , and was given @entity1396 . The medication was stopped 12 days before the operation. Her coagulation tests and platelet counts were within normal ranges. An epidural catheter was inserted at Th 9-10 interspace, and continuous epidural anesthesia was started for @entity282 . Just after the operation, numbness and @entity912 in both @entity13197 occurred. We stopped continuous epidural anesthesia, and the symptom on right leg improved. However, after 2 days, magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity4282 extending from Th7 to L1, and the @entity1 underwent laminectomy. After a month, her @entity912 in the left leg started to improve gradually. It is possible that the term of discontinuation of @entity1396 was not enough. We should stop antiplatelet drugs early enough, and should be aware of early symptoms of @entity1745 .

title: [A case of XXXX associated with epidural catheterization which occurred on 12th days after the last medication of @entity1396 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'ticlopidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['motor paralysis']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['epidural hematoma']


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent choledocholithotomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural block. She was complicated with @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity951 , and was given @entity1396 . The medication was stopped 12 days before the operation. Her coagulation tests and platelet counts were within normal ranges. An epidural catheter was inserted at Th 9-10 interspace, and continuous epidural anesthesia was started for @entity282 . Just after the operation, numbness and @entity912 in both @entity13197 occurred. We stopped continuous epidural anesthesia, and the symptom on right leg improved. However, after 2 days, magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity4282 extending from Th7 to L1, and the @entity1 underwent laminectomy. After a month, her @entity912 in the left leg started to improve gradually. It is possible that the term of discontinuation of @entity1396 was not enough. We should stop antiplatelet drugs early enough, and should be aware of early symptoms of @entity1745 .

title: [A case of @entity4282 associated with epidural catheterization which occurred on 12th days after the last medication of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1396 :: (MESH:D013988,Chemical) :: ['ticlopidine hydrochloride']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with severe @entity101 , @entity10 , @entity12661 , and a depressed level of consciousness. A second @entity1 , a 33-year-old @entity1 , was admitted with @entity1468 . She developed lethargy, @entity10 , bilateral extensor plantar responses, and @entity410 . The third @entity1 , a 62-year-old @entity1 , presented with @entity810 due to @entity1333 and @entity631 . Five days after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs had been initiated, he developed @entity10 , @entity911 , @entity410 , and @entity12661 . @entity101 @entity75 is characterised by @entity10 , @entity391 , disturbances in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity227 , and @entity410 . Imaging studies often demonstrate @entity4 of the white matter in the posterior parietal and occipital areas of the brain. This so-called reversible posterior @entity751 is well known in @entity1 with severe @entity101 , but it is also associated with immunosuppressive drug use and @entity177 . It can be recognised by its fairly characteristic clinical features (different combinations of @entity10 , @entity391 , changes in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity410 , @entity425 , and @entity227 ) and by its specific imaging findings. Treatment consists of reducing the blood pressure and reducing or discontinuing the use of immunosuppressive drugs. If the treatment is started promptly, symptoms and @entity854 are usually reversible.

title: [ XXXX @entity75 : does not only occur at high blood pressure].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual abnormalities', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['imaging abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['leucoencephalopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 presented with severe @entity101 , @entity10 , @entity12661 , and a depressed level of consciousness. A second @entity1 , a 33-year-old @entity1 , was admitted with @entity1468 . She developed lethargy, @entity10 , bilateral extensor plantar responses, and @entity410 . The third @entity1 , a 62-year-old @entity1 , presented with @entity810 due to @entity1333 and @entity631 . Five days after treatment with immunosuppressive drugs had been initiated, he developed @entity10 , @entity911 , @entity410 , and @entity12661 . @entity101 @entity75 is characterised by @entity10 , @entity391 , disturbances in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity227 , and @entity410 . Imaging studies often demonstrate @entity4 of the white matter in the posterior parietal and occipital areas of the brain. This so-called reversible posterior @entity751 is well known in @entity1 with severe @entity101 , but it is also associated with immunosuppressive drug use and @entity177 . It can be recognised by its fairly characteristic clinical features (different combinations of @entity10 , @entity391 , changes in cognition and level of consciousness, @entity410 , @entity425 , and @entity227 ) and by its specific imaging findings. Treatment consists of reducing the blood pressure and reducing or discontinuing the use of immunosuppressive drugs. If the treatment is started promptly, symptoms and @entity854 are usually reversible.

title: [ @entity101 XXXX : does not only occur at high blood pressure].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: The majority of @entity166 are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases this adhesion is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary @entity3363 on the surface of the host tissues. Soluble @entity3363 recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Moreover, such @entity3363 have been shown to protect against experimental @entity281 by lectin-carrying bacteria of different mammals, such as @entity19 , @entity95 , @entity291 , and monkeys. Agents other than @entity3363 also block adhesion, as demonstrated with cranberry juice as well as with low and high molecular weight preparations isolated from the juice. Both kinds of preparation inhibited the adhesion in vitro of @entity526 to different animal cells. In addition, the high molecular weight material acted similarly on the adhesion of @entity1534 to @entity1 gasrointenstinal cells, and on the coaggregation of oral bacteria. Furthermore, in limited clinical studies regular drinking of cranberry juice had a significant preventive effect on @entity793 , and the high molecular weight constituent of the juices was also effective in decreasing the salivary level of Streptococus mutans, the major cause of tooth decay. Because the inhibitors of adhesion examined are not bactericidal, the selection of resistant inhibitor strains is unlikely to occur. Together, these findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies that are in dire need because of the world-wide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria.

title: Fighting XXXX with inhibitors of microbial adhesion to host tissues.

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: The interface of bone and aragonite nacre (Margaritifera, fresh water pearl mussel) was studied by in situ hybridization and a @entity62674 ( @entity62674 ) histochemical assay. Columnar implants were inserted into @entity35 femora for 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. In medullary region, a burst of transient bone formation was observed, which propagated from the periphery towards the nacre implant. A fused interface of bone and nacre was observed at 14 days. Later, the new medullary bone was resorbed and bone marrow was re-established while a thin layer of bone tissue remained covering the implant surface. Expressions of collagen alpha1(I), @entity9356 , osteopontin mRNAs and @entity62674 in the surrounding tissue were monitored. Correlated with the histology events, a strong transient induction of collagen alpha1(I) and @entity9356 mRNAs as well as @entity62674 expression, exhibiting a peak signal intensity on day 7 and subsequent down-regulation after day 14 was observed. Osteopontin mRNA, in contrast, was expressed continuously. The degrading nacre surface appeared in direct contact with macrophages and multinucleated giant cells at both days 14 and 28. These cells expressed osteopontin mRNA intensively and some @entity62674 enzyme activity occasionally.

title: Tissue responses to nacreous implants in XXXX femur: an in situ hybridization and histochemical study.

entities_list: @entity62674 :: ('25732(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TRAP', 'tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early-stage bulky @entity2622 treated with conventional surgery or radiotherapy has a higher rate of recurrence compared to smaller @entity5 at the same stage. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical hysterectomy can improve survival in early-stage bulky @entity2622 remains unclear. This study was designed to answer this question. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity5 were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-one had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical hysterectomy, and the other 27 @entity1 underwent surgery alone. The chemotherapeutic regimen was a combination of @entity900 , @entity1891 , and @entity1732 with a 10-day interval for two to three courses. RESULTS: The age, parity, and @entity5 diameter before treatment in the two groups were similar. The mean @entity5 diameter was significantly decreased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4.6 +/- 0.8 vs 3.4 +/- 1.5 cm, P = 0.003). @entity1 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher incidence of parametrial invasion (14/27 vs 7/31, P = 0.022). More involved lymph nodes were found during surgery in @entity1 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (23.1 +/- 10.5 vs 17.4 +/- 7.1, P = 0.024), but the incidence of @entity1600 was not different between the two groups (18/31 vs 17/27, P = 0.71). The response rate of primary @entity5 to chemotherapy was 48.4% (15/31). No significant differences in clinical and pathologic parameters were found between responders and non-responders. Deep stromal invasion (> or = 3/4 thickness of @entity3799 ) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the 58 @entity1 and in the 31 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor the response to it was an independent prognostic factor for DFS or @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could reduce the incidence of local invasion for bulky @entity5 but did not improve the DFS or @entity1349 in our @entity1 . Without further randomized study of the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, this treatment should be chosen carefully.

title: Radical hysterectomy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of early stage bulky XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early-stage cervical carcinoma', 'early-stage bulky cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stroma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: A relationship between Central Nervous System and coagulation has been known since the work by Goodnight et al5. When an @entity130 occurs tissue damage causes the release of @entity559 -related products, mainly the Tissular Factor. This release produces an activation of the coagulation system specially through its extrinsic path. With this physiopathologic basis we attempt to improve the knowledge of this relation by performing a prospective study at the Intensive Care Unit of our Hospital. The study included 67 @entity1 with cranioencephalic @entity130 alone, with an average Glasgow @entity772 scale score of 10 and a control group consisting of 40 healthy subjects. Two peripheral vein blood extractions were performed, at admission and 24 hours later. @entity3459 parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and @entity2002 ), @entity49 markers (prothrombin fragments @entity6343 and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)) and thrombolisis markers (D-dimer) were determined. Our results show that early after @entity542 an increase in fragments @entity6343 , TAT and Ddimer occur. After the first 24 hours a significant decrease in @entity49 markers levels is detected. Modification of the global coagulation parameters was also detected. In conclusion, early after a cranioencephalic @entity130 a simultaneous state of @entity49 and thrombolysis occur which may have the purpose of improving the hemostatic balance.

title: [Haemostatic activation in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity559 :: ('MESH:D013925', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboplastin']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['Global coagulation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['encephalic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely practiced technique in the diagnosis of @entity0 , and it is the only diagnostic procedure performed before definitive treatment, at most institutions. While the histological grading of @entity0 has become routine in many centers worldwide, the cytopathological grading of @entity0 is not commonly used. Grading of @entity0 , while the @entity5 is still in vivo, would be the most ideal and desirable situation, as it would be helpful in the selection of @entity1 for appropriate therapy. The objective of this study, therefore, was to devise a simple system for grading @entity0 , based on the cytological features alone. We reviewed 125 cases of @entity0 retrospectively, which were initially diagnosed by FNAC, with subsequent histopathological confirmation. These included 105 ductal, 6 lobular, 2 tubular, 1 papillary, and 1 @entity189 . There was 1 @entity513 in situ. Nine cases were rendered insufficient for grading. Thus 105 cases of @entity513 (NOS) were evaluated for final cytological grading. Air-dried Diff-Quik-stained smears were reviewed at least twice independently by four histopathologists and were then compared with the original histological grades. Six cytological features used for grading were found to be statistically significant: cellular pleomorphism, nuclear size, nuclear margin, nucleoli, naked @entity5 nuclei, and mitoses. A scoring system based on these six essential parameters was used, to classify @entity513 into three cytological grades, which showed close correlation with the established histological grades. In addition, two less consistent, but still important, features were the presence or absence of @entity39 and stromal invasion. Another six parameters, including smear cellularity, degree of cell dispersion or clustering, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, presence of tubular structures, cytoplasmic appearance of the @entity5 cells, and smear background, were not statistically significant. However, these additional parameters were found helpful in assigning the correct grade, in cases with borderline scores. The concordance rate with histology was 100% for grade 1, 98% for grade 2, and 93% for grade 3.

title: Cytopathological grading, as a predictor of histopathological grade, in XXXX (NOS) of breast, on air-dried Diff-Quik smears.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma']


abstract: DNA methylation alteration of several genes contributes to @entity1 tumorigenesis. @entity17946 , a member of the D-type cyclins, is implicated in cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation. In our study, we examined the methylation status of the @entity17946 promoter in @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), @entity0 and @entity5 cell lines. We observed that aberrant methylation of @entity17946 was present in 32 of 56 (57%) @entity151 cell lines, 7 of 32 (22%) @entity151 tissues; 25 of 61 (47%) @entity1149 cell lines, 19 of 48 (40%) @entity1149 tissues; 18 of 30 (60%) @entity0 cell lines and 19 of 63 (30%) @entity0 tissues. Methylation was more frequent in the @entity5 cell lines compared to the primary breast and @entity151 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Methylation was rare in the control tissue samples; 0 of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes; 0 of 12 buccal epithelial cells; 0 of 18 nonmalignant lung tissues and 3 of 28 (11%) nonmalignant breast tissues. Promoter methylation correlated with loss of transcript by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 9 of 11 (6 lung, 5 breast) @entity5 cell lines tested. Two cell lines that were not methylated also lacked expression, suggesting that other mechanisms of inactivation may be involved. Expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent, 5 aza 2' @entity7090 , in all 9 methylated cell lines. Our results confirm earlier reports in @entity0 and indicate that aberrant methylation of @entity17946 may contribute to the pathogenesis of the 2 major @entity2 .

title: Aberrant methylation of the XXXX promoter in primary small cell, nonsmall cell lung and @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC tumor', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['types of lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity7090 :: ('MESH:D003841', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycytidine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC tumors', 'SCLC tumor', 'SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity17946 :: (894,Gene) :: ['cyclin D2']


abstract: DNA methylation alteration of several genes contributes to @entity1 tumorigenesis. @entity17946 , a member of the D-type cyclins, is implicated in cell cycle regulation and malignant transformation. In our study, we examined the methylation status of the @entity17946 promoter in @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), @entity0 and @entity5 cell lines. We observed that aberrant methylation of @entity17946 was present in 32 of 56 (57%) @entity151 cell lines, 7 of 32 (22%) @entity151 tissues; 25 of 61 (47%) @entity1149 cell lines, 19 of 48 (40%) @entity1149 tissues; 18 of 30 (60%) @entity0 cell lines and 19 of 63 (30%) @entity0 tissues. Methylation was more frequent in the @entity5 cell lines compared to the primary breast and @entity151 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Methylation was rare in the control tissue samples; 0 of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes; 0 of 12 buccal epithelial cells; 0 of 18 nonmalignant lung tissues and 3 of 28 (11%) nonmalignant breast tissues. Promoter methylation correlated with loss of transcript by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 9 of 11 (6 lung, 5 breast) @entity5 cell lines tested. Two cell lines that were not methylated also lacked expression, suggesting that other mechanisms of inactivation may be involved. Expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent, 5 aza 2' @entity7090 , in all 9 methylated cell lines. Our results confirm earlier reports in @entity0 and indicate that aberrant methylation of @entity17946 may contribute to the pathogenesis of the 2 major @entity2 .

title: Aberrant methylation of the @entity17946 promoter in primary small cell, nonsmall cell lung and XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: The declining consumption of ruminant products has been partly associated with their high proportion (but not necessarily content) of @entity1718 . Recent studies have focused on the less prominent fact that they are also important sources of beneficial @entity1718 , including n-3 @entity1718 and conjugated @entity4721 . @entity7461 (18 : 3n-3) is of particular interest because it also contributes to improved flavour of beef and lamb. Many recent studies showed large effects of special concentrates on levels of @entity1718 in milk and meat. However, the 'rumen protection' treatments, needed to ensure a worthwhile level of @entity844 in products, are expensive. Herbage lipids are the cheapest and safest source of these @entity1718 and so breeding to increase delivery of @entity1718 from plants into ruminant products is an important long-term strategy. Plant lipids usually contain high levels of @entity1474 , particularly 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 which are the precursors of beneficial @entity1718 . Whilst some plants are particularly rich in individual @entity1718 (e.g. 18 : 3n-3 in linseed), there are also useful levels in grass and clover (Trifolium Spp.). Levels of @entity1718 in forages in relation to species and varieties are considered, as well as management and conservation methods. Relationships between levels of @entity1718 and existing traits and genetic markers are identified. The effects of forage treatments on the @entity844 content of ruminant products are reviewed. The higher levels of @entity1474 in milk from @entity291 fed clover silages show that the level of @entity1718 in herbage is not the only factor affecting levels of @entity1718 in ruminant products. Further effort is needed to characterise susceptibility of @entity1474 to oxidative loss during field wilting and biohydrogenation losses in the rumen, and the relative importance of plant and microbial processes in these losses. The pathways of lipolysis and lipid oxidation are reviewed and other plant factors which offer potential to breed for reduced losses are considered.

title: Forage breeding and management to increase the beneficial XXXX content of ruminant products.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4721 :: ('MESH:D008041', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acids']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-Linolenic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: To investigate whether the decreased bone formation observed in most experimental situations of disuse was caused by an increased inhibition by the bone microenvironment of osteoblast (OB) proliferation, we studied the inhibiting power on ROS 17/2.8 proliferation of the bone marrow extracellular fluid (IPEF) in loaded and unloaded bones of @entity35 submitted to two situations of partial disuse: @entity25064 ( @entity25064 ) for 3 days to 2 weeks and around the knee tenectomy (KT) for 2-10 weeks. Histomorphometric parameters and osteoblast precursors dynamics were studied in parallel. Bone volume was lost in the unloaded bones, but not in loaded bones, in both experimental situations. Bone formation was low at early times (7-14 days) in @entity25064 @entity35 . However, in KT at later times (4-10 weeks), the osteoblastic index of the unloaded tibia was increased. IPEF was not increased in the unloaded bones 3-7 days after @entity25064 . It was decreased later in the course of unloading (after 2 weeks of @entity25064 and 2-10 weeks after KT). This decrease was observed in the loaded bones as well. Unexpectedly, we also found that the number of FCFUs was decreased in both loaded and unloaded limbs in @entity25064 and KT, and that the yield of cells obtained in primary culture from tibial metaphysis was decreased in both tibiae from KT animals. These data show that an increased IPEF does not play a role in the early inhibition of bone formation responsible for the loss of bone after unloading in the @entity25064 model. Its later decrease could be permissive for the increased osteoblastic index observed in the KT model. They also show that, contrary to the usual assumptions, bone biology is changed all over the skeleton after partial unloading, even if the changes result in @entity604 in the unloaded bones only. Thus, as yet, unidentified systemic factors probably superimpose on the local factors that control bone volume.

title: Protracted systemic changes in bone biology after segmented unloading in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25064 :: ('MESH:C562903', 'Disease') :: ['tail suspension', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1132 is separated from milk or other fluid dairy products for a variety of reasons. Ultrafiltration is a known process of removing @entity1132 from these products. However, during ultrafiltration, valuable minerals, such as @entity460 in soluble form, are also lost into permeate. In this study, a process was developed in which first the @entity1132 reduction in skim milk was achieved by ultrafiltration (4x volumetric concentration) using a 10-kDa membrane. Then, the @entity460 present in permeate was precipitated using one of three methods: 1) heat treatment, 2) pH adjustment, or 3) a combination of pH adjustment and heat treatment to permeate, then recovered by refiltering permeate. The process was first developed at laboratory scale, and then its applicability was tested at the pilot scale. Skim milk, retentates, permeates, and the treated permeates were analyzed for total solids, ash, protein, or total @entity1568 , @entity460 , and @entity1132 content. About 76% of the total @entity1132 and about 16% of the @entity460 present in skim milk permeated through the membrane during ultrafiltration. The three treatments applied produced white precipitates and turned the clear permeates turbid. On refiltering the treated permeates approximately 42, approximately 50, and approximately 70% of the total @entity460 present could be recovered from 1) heat-treated, 2) pH-adjusted, and 3) pH-adjusted and heat-treated permeates, respectively. There was no marked change in the @entity1132 content due to any of the three treatments and subsequent refiltering of the treated permeates.

title: Process for XXXX retention during skim milk ultrafiltration.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1132 :: ('MESH:D007785', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactose', 'lactose']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Monocytic cells exposed to @entity2069 , through unknown receptors, overexpress the urokinase receptor ( @entity18870 ), a key mediator of the plasminogen activation system. We show that combined blockade of @entity5751 and @entity8932 causes a significant inhibition of @entity2069 -induced @entity18870 in Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells. Other pattern recognition receptors tested (CD11b/CD18, the @entity3913 receptor, and the @entity5037 receptor) did not have demonstrated roles in @entity2069 -mediated @entity18870 induction. We dissected the result for @entity5751 andTLR2 by investigating the singular contributions of each. Independent functional blockade of @entity5751 or @entity8932 failed to inhibit @entity2069 -mediated @entity18870 induction. @entity3873 differentiation of MM6 cells increased @entity5751 expression 12-fold but did not augment @entity2069 -mediated @entity18870 expression. Peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) from @entity5751 - or @entity8932 -deficient @entity19 were not defective in @entity2069 -mediated synthesis of @entity18870 mRNA and protein. Increased @entity18870 mRNA or protein or both were apparent in PEM from transgenic and control @entity19 , even at a ratio of one Borrelia spirochete per cell. We conclude that signaling for the @entity18870 response, as mediated by @entity2069 , proceeds with @entity5751 and @entity8932 as partial contributors. That part under control of @entity5751 and @entity8932 represents a new link between the host plasminogen activation and innate immunity systems.

title: The urokinase receptor can be induced by XXXX through receptors of the innate immune system.

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3)']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi', 'B. burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity1939 in the United States and worldwide. Three to 6 million @entity1 in the United States are at increased risk for developing @entity725 because of @entity2790 (IOP), or @entity2790 . There is no consensus on the efficacy of medical treatment in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 in individuals with elevated IOP. Therefore, we designed a randomized clinical trial, the @entity2790 Treatment Study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity551 medication in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 . METHODS: A total of 1636 @entity1 with no evidence of @entity16 , aged 40 to 80 years, and with an IOP between 24 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in one eye and between 21 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in the other eye were randomized to either observation or treatment with commercially available @entity551 medication. The goal in the medication group was to reduce the IOP by 20% or more and to reach an IOP of 24 mm Hg or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the development of reproducible @entity227 or reproducible optic disc deterioration attributed to @entity725 . Abnormalities were determined by masked certified readers at the reading centers, and attribution to @entity725 was decided by the masked Endpoint Committee. RESULTS: During the course of the study, the mean +/- SD reduction in IOP in the medication group was 22.5% +/- 9.9%. The IOP declined by 4.0% +/- 11.6% in the observation group. At 60 months, the cumulative probability of developing @entity725 was 4.4% in the medication group and 9.5% in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.59; P<.0001). There was little evidence of increased systemic or ocular risk associated with @entity551 medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity551 medication was effective in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 in individuals with elevated IOP. Although this does not imply that all @entity1 with borderline or elevated IOP should receive medication, clinicians should consider initiating treatment for individuals with @entity2790 who are at moderate or high risk for developing @entity725 .

title: The XXXX Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that @entity551 medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field abnormality']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular Hypertension', 'ocular hypertension', 'elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypotensive', 'topical ocular hypotensive', 'Topical ocular hypotensive']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['Ocular Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity1939 in the United States and worldwide. Three to 6 million @entity1 in the United States are at increased risk for developing @entity725 because of @entity2790 (IOP), or @entity2790 . There is no consensus on the efficacy of medical treatment in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 in individuals with elevated IOP. Therefore, we designed a randomized clinical trial, the @entity2790 Treatment Study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity551 medication in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 . METHODS: A total of 1636 @entity1 with no evidence of @entity16 , aged 40 to 80 years, and with an IOP between 24 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in one eye and between 21 mm Hg and 32 mm Hg in the other eye were randomized to either observation or treatment with commercially available @entity551 medication. The goal in the medication group was to reduce the IOP by 20% or more and to reach an IOP of 24 mm Hg or less. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the development of reproducible @entity227 or reproducible optic disc deterioration attributed to @entity725 . Abnormalities were determined by masked certified readers at the reading centers, and attribution to @entity725 was decided by the masked Endpoint Committee. RESULTS: During the course of the study, the mean +/- SD reduction in IOP in the medication group was 22.5% +/- 9.9%. The IOP declined by 4.0% +/- 11.6% in the observation group. At 60 months, the cumulative probability of developing @entity725 was 4.4% in the medication group and 9.5% in the observation group (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.59; P<.0001). There was little evidence of increased systemic or ocular risk associated with @entity551 medication. CONCLUSIONS: @entity551 medication was effective in delaying or preventing the onset of @entity725 in individuals with elevated IOP. Although this does not imply that all @entity1 with borderline or elevated IOP should receive medication, clinicians should consider initiating treatment for individuals with @entity2790 who are at moderate or high risk for developing @entity725 .

title: The @entity2790 Treatment Study: a randomized trial determines that XXXX medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['topical ocular hypotensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response of plasma @entity165 to diet is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as body mass, @entity286 consumption, gender and the genetic background. Our purpose was to know whether the response degree depends on the concentration of @entity165 prior to the intervention and whether several polymorphisms modulating the @entity165 response to diet are actually involved in such response. @entity1 AND METHOD: Seventy two males with @entity1007 were administered three different 4-weeks duration diets. The first one was a saturated fat-enriched (SAT) diet. Then, in a randomized and crossed manner, subjects were categorized in two groups: one group received a diet with low fat but high complex @entity3363 contents ( @entity264 ); the another group received a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet (Mediterranean diet). In the third period, we inverted the diets of the previous period. We determined the prevalent genotypes of the following apoproteins: E, CIII, A-IV, A-I, B, A-IV 360. RESULTS: The diet with low fat contents and the Mediterranean diet led to a significant decrease of total @entity165 , @entity11429 . Those at the upper @entity11429 tertile, after the SAT diet, were found to have statistically significant greater decreases (absolute and relative values) with the Mediterranean and HCO diet. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable with an effect on the modification of @entity11429 , after shifting a SAT to any hypolipidemic diet, were the levels of @entity11429 at the end of a SAT diet. The allelic frequency of different apoproteins in the hyper-respondent group was not different from that in the hypo-respondent group (response displayed when going from a SAT period to any hypolipidemic diet). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of @entity11429 observed with hypolipidemic diets (low in fat contents or Mediterranean) was more significant in those individuals with @entity1007 who had higher levels of @entity11429 at the onset.

title: [Response degree of @entity165 LDL to feeding in males with XXXX according to baseline value].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response of plasma @entity165 to diet is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as body mass, @entity286 consumption, gender and the genetic background. Our purpose was to know whether the response degree depends on the concentration of @entity165 prior to the intervention and whether several polymorphisms modulating the @entity165 response to diet are actually involved in such response. @entity1 AND METHOD: Seventy two males with @entity1007 were administered three different 4-weeks duration diets. The first one was a saturated fat-enriched (SAT) diet. Then, in a randomized and crossed manner, subjects were categorized in two groups: one group received a diet with low fat but high complex @entity3363 contents ( @entity264 ); the another group received a monounsaturated fat-enriched diet (Mediterranean diet). In the third period, we inverted the diets of the previous period. We determined the prevalent genotypes of the following apoproteins: E, CIII, A-IV, A-I, B, A-IV 360. RESULTS: The diet with low fat contents and the Mediterranean diet led to a significant decrease of total @entity165 , @entity11429 . Those at the upper @entity11429 tertile, after the SAT diet, were found to have statistically significant greater decreases (absolute and relative values) with the Mediterranean and HCO diet. In the multivariate analysis, the only variable with an effect on the modification of @entity11429 , after shifting a SAT to any hypolipidemic diet, were the levels of @entity11429 at the end of a SAT diet. The allelic frequency of different apoproteins in the hyper-respondent group was not different from that in the hypo-respondent group (response displayed when going from a SAT period to any hypolipidemic diet). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of @entity11429 observed with hypolipidemic diets (low in fat contents or Mediterranean) was more significant in those individuals with @entity1007 who had higher levels of @entity11429 at the onset.

title: [Response degree of XXXX LDL to feeding in males with @entity1007 according to baseline value].

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: This study compared contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) measures of @entity5 with molecular markers of angiogenesis in a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model. A total of 14 @entity19 were implanted with a @entity1 @entity320 cell line (WM-9) in the thigh. After 2 to 3 weeks, a @entity5 , approximately 12 mm in diameter, developed. The US contrast agent Optison (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) was injected in a tail vein (dose: 0.4 to 0.6 mL/kg). Power Doppler and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (HI) were performed with an Elegra scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Issaquah, WA) and a 7.5 MHz linear array. Frame-rates of 30 Hz and 0.5 Hz (intermittent imaging) were used for pulse-inversion HI. After surgical removal, specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the US images. Immunohistochemical stains for endothelial cells ( @entity2279 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) were performed. Two observers graded the stains (for intensity and percent area), and two other observers graded the US imaging modes (for fractional @entity5 ) on the same scale from 0 to 3. Of the 14 @entity19 , 4 failed for technical reasons (i.e., n = 10). Linear regressions indicated statistically significant correlations between percent area stained with @entity3840 and power Doppler (r = -0.789; p < 0.01), as well as intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.795; p < 0.05). There was a trend toward significance between percent area stained with @entity7 and intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.720; 0.05 < p < 0.10). No other comparisons were significant. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced US measures of @entity5 in a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model appear to provide a noninvasive marker of angiogenesis corresponding to expression of @entity3840 . However, the sample size of this study is small and, until further studies have been conducted, these conclusions are preliminary.

title: Comparing contrast-enhanced ultrasound to immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in a @entity1 XXXX xenograft model: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor neovascularity']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: This study compared contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) measures of @entity5 with molecular markers of angiogenesis in a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model. A total of 14 @entity19 were implanted with a @entity1 @entity320 cell line (WM-9) in the thigh. After 2 to 3 weeks, a @entity5 , approximately 12 mm in diameter, developed. The US contrast agent Optison (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO) was injected in a tail vein (dose: 0.4 to 0.6 mL/kg). Power Doppler and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (HI) were performed with an Elegra scanner (Siemens Medical Systems, Issaquah, WA) and a 7.5 MHz linear array. Frame-rates of 30 Hz and 0.5 Hz (intermittent imaging) were used for pulse-inversion HI. After surgical removal, specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the US images. Immunohistochemical stains for endothelial cells ( @entity2279 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) were performed. Two observers graded the stains (for intensity and percent area), and two other observers graded the US imaging modes (for fractional @entity5 ) on the same scale from 0 to 3. Of the 14 @entity19 , 4 failed for technical reasons (i.e., n = 10). Linear regressions indicated statistically significant correlations between percent area stained with @entity3840 and power Doppler (r = -0.789; p < 0.01), as well as intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.795; p < 0.05). There was a trend toward significance between percent area stained with @entity7 and intermittent pulse-inversion HI (r = -0.720; 0.05 < p < 0.10). No other comparisons were significant. In conclusion, contrast-enhanced US measures of @entity5 in a @entity1 @entity320 xenograft model appear to provide a noninvasive marker of angiogenesis corresponding to expression of @entity3840 . However, the sample size of this study is small and, until further studies have been conducted, these conclusions are preliminary.

title: Comparing contrast-enhanced ultrasound to immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in a XXXX @entity320 xenograft model: preliminary results.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']