abstract: BACKGROUND: Several approaches have been proposed for risk-stratification and primary prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ), but their comparative and cost-effectiveness is unknown. METHODS: We constructed a state-transition microsimulation model to compare multiple approaches to the primary prevention of @entity301 in a simulated cohort of @entity1 aged 45-75 and @entity1 55-75. Risk-stratification strategies included the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines on the treatment of blood @entity165 , the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines, and approaches based on coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) scoring and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). Additionally we assessed a treat-all strategy in which all individuals were prescribed either moderate-dose or high-dose statins and all males received low-dose @entity117 . Outcome measures included @entity301 events, costs, medication-related side effects, radiation-attributable @entity5 , and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) over a 30-year timeframe. RESULTS: Treat-all with high-dose statins dominated all other strategies for both @entity1 and @entity1 , gaining 15.7 million QALYs, preventing 7.3 million @entity583 , and saving over  238 billion, compared to the status quo, far outweighing its associated adverse events including @entity548 , @entity99 , @entity121 , and new-onset @entity6 . ACC/AHA guidelines were more cost-effective than ATP III guidelines for both @entity1 and @entity1 despite placing 8.7 million more @entity1 on statins. For @entity1 at low @entity301 risk, treat-all with high-dose @entity6817 was more likely to cause a statin-related adverse event than to prevent a @entity301 event. CONCLUSIONS: Despite leading to a greater proportion of the population placed on statin therapy, the ACC/AHA guidelines are more cost-effective than ATP III. Even so, at generic prices, treating all @entity1 and @entity1 with statins and all @entity1 with low-dose @entity117 appears to be more cost-effective than all risk-stratification approaches for the primary prevention of @entity301 . Especially for low- @entity301 risk @entity1 , decisions on the appropriate primary prevention strategy should be based on shared decision making between @entity1 and healthcare providers.

title: Strategies for Primary Prevention of XXXX Based on Risk Stratification by the ACC/AHA Lipid Guidelines, ATP III Guidelines, Coronary @entity460 Scoring, and @entity1851 , and a Global Treat-All Strategy: A Comparative--Effectiveness Modeling Study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several approaches have been proposed for risk-stratification and primary prevention of @entity301 ( @entity301 ), but their comparative and cost-effectiveness is unknown. METHODS: We constructed a state-transition microsimulation model to compare multiple approaches to the primary prevention of @entity301 in a simulated cohort of @entity1 aged 45-75 and @entity1 55-75. Risk-stratification strategies included the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines on the treatment of blood @entity165 , the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines, and approaches based on coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) scoring and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). Additionally we assessed a treat-all strategy in which all individuals were prescribed either moderate-dose or high-dose statins and all males received low-dose @entity117 . Outcome measures included @entity301 events, costs, medication-related side effects, radiation-attributable @entity5 , and quality-adjusted-life-years (QALYs) over a 30-year timeframe. RESULTS: Treat-all with high-dose statins dominated all other strategies for both @entity1 and @entity1 , gaining 15.7 million QALYs, preventing 7.3 million @entity583 , and saving over  238 billion, compared to the status quo, far outweighing its associated adverse events including @entity548 , @entity99 , @entity121 , and new-onset @entity6 . ACC/AHA guidelines were more cost-effective than ATP III guidelines for both @entity1 and @entity1 despite placing 8.7 million more @entity1 on statins. For @entity1 at low @entity301 risk, treat-all with high-dose @entity6817 was more likely to cause a statin-related adverse event than to prevent a @entity301 event. CONCLUSIONS: Despite leading to a greater proportion of the population placed on statin therapy, the ACC/AHA guidelines are more cost-effective than ATP III. Even so, at generic prices, treating all @entity1 and @entity1 with statins and all @entity1 with low-dose @entity117 appears to be more cost-effective than all risk-stratification approaches for the primary prevention of @entity301 . Especially for low- @entity301 risk @entity1 , decisions on the appropriate primary prevention strategy should be based on shared decision making between @entity1 and healthcare providers.

title: Strategies for Primary Prevention of @entity301 Based on Risk Stratification by the ACC/AHA Lipid Guidelines, ATP III Guidelines, Coronary @entity460 Scoring, and XXXX , and a Global Treat-All Strategy: A Comparative--Effectiveness Modeling Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-Reactive Protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of studies comparing the Solomon versus selective techniques for fetoscopic laser ablation (FLA) to treat @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ) complicating monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies. METHODS: Electronic searches (inception-September 2014). Selected studies were of pregnancies undergoing FLA for @entity14244 with reports on any of; recurrence of @entity14244 , @entity417 ( @entity417 ) or survival. Three studies were included; two cohort studies and one @entity23 ( @entity23 ), which directly compared Solomon vs selective techniques for FLA. RESULTS: The odds ratios (OR) of recurrent @entity14244 , Solomon vs selective technique in the two cohort studies (n   =   249) were 0.30 (95% CI 0.00, 4.46) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.07, 2.20). The 'Solomon' @entity23 (n   =   274) demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in recurrent @entity14244 with the Solomon technique, OR 0.21 (95% CI 0.04, 0.98). The OR for the development of @entity417 following Solomon vs selective technique were 0.20 (95%CI 0.00, 2.46) and 0.61 (95%CI 0.05, 5.53) for the cohort studies and 0.16 (95% CI 0.05, 0.49) in the 'Solomon' @entity23 , again the results were only statistically significant in the @entity23 . The observational evidence suggested an overall better survival with Solomon technique, statistically significant for the survival of at least one twin. The @entity23 did not demonstrate a significant difference, probably due to small sample size and lack of power. CONCLUSION: This systematic review of observational, comparative cohort and @entity23 data suggests a trend towards a reduction in recurrent @entity14244 and @entity417 and an increase in twin survival with no increase in complications or adverse events. This needs to be confirmed by an appropriately powered @entity23 with long-term neurological follow-up.

title: Comparison of Solomon technique against selective laser ablation for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['twin anaemia polycythaemia sequence', 'TAPS']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin to twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of statin pretreatment in reducing the incidence of contrast induced @entity8 has been examined in some observational and randomized studies, yielding controversial results. AIM: This study sought to evaluate the role of @entity2993 in prevention of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity740 , undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: 130 @entity1 with mean glomerular filtration rate of 48.5    16 mL/minute/1.73m(2) were prospectively enrolled, then randomly (double blind) assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive @entity2993 (80 mg daily for 48 hours) or placebo. Serum @entity1011 _ glomerular filtration rate were measured pre-intervention, 72 hours and 10 days thereafter. An increase in serum @entity1011 by >0.5 mg/dL (44.2  mol/l), or >25% of baseline value was considered as contrast induced @entity8 . RESULTS: Mean age of the study cohort was 56    5 years (males: 62%). Mean serum @entity1011 level in the placebo group increased significantly 3 days after coronary intervention and declined on the 10(th) day to a level that did not differ significantly from the baseline level, but still higher. However, in @entity2993 group, mean serum @entity1011 level showed a non significant rise on the third day and then decreased to a level close to the baseline one, on the 10th day. Incidence of contrast induced @entity8 was 7.7% in @entity2993 group _ 20% in the placebo group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity2993 dose of 80 mg per day for 48 hours is associated with decreased incidence of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Impact of High Loading Dose of XXXX in @entity6 @entity1 with Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['Atorvastatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of statin pretreatment in reducing the incidence of contrast induced @entity8 has been examined in some observational and randomized studies, yielding controversial results. AIM: This study sought to evaluate the role of @entity2993 in prevention of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity740 , undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: 130 @entity1 with mean glomerular filtration rate of 48.5    16 mL/minute/1.73m(2) were prospectively enrolled, then randomly (double blind) assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive @entity2993 (80 mg daily for 48 hours) or placebo. Serum @entity1011 _ glomerular filtration rate were measured pre-intervention, 72 hours and 10 days thereafter. An increase in serum @entity1011 by >0.5 mg/dL (44.2  mol/l), or >25% of baseline value was considered as contrast induced @entity8 . RESULTS: Mean age of the study cohort was 56    5 years (males: 62%). Mean serum @entity1011 level in the placebo group increased significantly 3 days after coronary intervention and declined on the 10(th) day to a level that did not differ significantly from the baseline level, but still higher. However, in @entity2993 group, mean serum @entity1011 level showed a non significant rise on the third day and then decreased to a level close to the baseline one, on the 10th day. Incidence of contrast induced @entity8 was 7.7% in @entity2993 group _ 20% in the placebo group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity2993 dose of 80 mg per day for 48 hours is associated with decreased incidence of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Impact of High Loading Dose of @entity2993 in XXXX @entity1 with Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of statin pretreatment in reducing the incidence of contrast induced @entity8 has been examined in some observational and randomized studies, yielding controversial results. AIM: This study sought to evaluate the role of @entity2993 in prevention of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity740 , undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: 130 @entity1 with mean glomerular filtration rate of 48.5    16 mL/minute/1.73m(2) were prospectively enrolled, then randomly (double blind) assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive @entity2993 (80 mg daily for 48 hours) or placebo. Serum @entity1011 _ glomerular filtration rate were measured pre-intervention, 72 hours and 10 days thereafter. An increase in serum @entity1011 by >0.5 mg/dL (44.2  mol/l), or >25% of baseline value was considered as contrast induced @entity8 . RESULTS: Mean age of the study cohort was 56    5 years (males: 62%). Mean serum @entity1011 level in the placebo group increased significantly 3 days after coronary intervention and declined on the 10(th) day to a level that did not differ significantly from the baseline level, but still higher. However, in @entity2993 group, mean serum @entity1011 level showed a non significant rise on the third day and then decreased to a level close to the baseline one, on the 10th day. Incidence of contrast induced @entity8 was 7.7% in @entity2993 group _ 20% in the placebo group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity2993 dose of 80 mg per day for 48 hours is associated with decreased incidence of contrast induced @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Impact of High Loading Dose of @entity2993 in @entity6 XXXX with Renal Dysfunction Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Marginal zone @entity1892 of the pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( @entity358 ) is a common type of primary @entity706 , but is rare as a pulmonary @entity5 . In the present study, a 49-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaTong University (Xi'an, China) with a @entity358 in the right upper lung. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity358 subsequent to undergoing chest computed tomography (CT), a routine blood test, pathological and histological examinations, a transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoscopy. A chest CT scan revealed right middle lobe consolidation and inflammatory signs, accompanied by @entity3329 in the anterior basal segment of the upper lobe and CT angiogram signs. @entity850 and swollen mucosa were observed by bronchoscopy. The tissue section of the transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed diffusely infiltrated monocytoid B-cell lymphocytes and a @entity75 . The tissue was found to be positive for @entity2686 ( @entity1050 )20, @entity1892 2 and @entity7571 expression, but negative for CD3, @entity5893 , @entity4910 and k-light chain expression. @entity10911 and @entity7527 , located in the residual follicular dendritic cells, were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The clinical manifestations of @entity358 are non-specific and misdiagnosis frequently occurs in clinical practice. Therefore, an appropriate invasive biopsy procedure is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis of @entity358 . Clinical presentation that includes periodic @entity221 and distended bronchi in @entity358 may indicate a diagnosis of @entity1074 . Pulmonary @entity1074 belongs to the category of @entity706 and accurate clinical diagnosis is challenging. The results in the present study may provide additional evidence for the accurate diagnosis of this rare entity.

title: Marginal zone XXXX of the pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: A case report.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma', 'pulmonary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster of differentiation']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary consolidation', 'pulmonary lesion', 'pulmonary MALT-MZL']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The expression of T-box transcription factor 5 ( @entity15775 ) has previously been observed in @entity1 @entity5 . The aim of the present study was to investigate @entity15775 expression and its potential clinical significance in @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the @entity15775 mRNA expression levels in 30 pairs of surgically resected healthy gastric tissues and early stage (stages I and II) @entity356 tissues were evaluated. The @entity15775 mRNA expression levels were increased in @entity356 stage I and II @entity5 tissues (P=0.01, n=30) compared with the matched adjacent non- @entity5 tissue. However, no significant difference was observed in @entity15775 mRNA expression levels in matched adjacent non- @entity5 tissue compared with the @entity5 tissue from stage III and IV @entity356 samples (P=0.318, n=30). Immunohistochemical analysis for @entity15775 expression was performed on 161 paraffin-embedded stage I and II @entity356 tissue blocks. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between @entity15775 expression, clinicopathological factors and prognosis. @entity1 with stage I and II @entity356 and @entity5 with high @entity15775 expression levels presented poor @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate (P=0.024). The Cox proportional hazards model analysis demonstrated that @entity15775 expression was an independent risk factor (P=0.017). The present study indicates that high expression of @entity15775 is associated with unfavorable @entity1349 rates in @entity1 with stage I and II @entity356 . In conclusion, the expression of @entity15775 may be a valuable biomarker for the selection of cases of high-risk stage I and II @entity356 .

title: High expression level of T-box transcription factor 5 predicts unfavorable survival in stage I and II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity66 caused by @entity2915 are poorly understood partially because a suitable animal model is not available for their study. In contrast, a @entity74 caused by defective osteoclasts ( @entity1 @entity2525 ) is better understood, largely because of advances made with a @entity19 model of the disease. The avian form of @entity2525 is caused by RNA @entity5 viruses, but the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is not clear. We have performed a morphometric analysis of osteopetrotic avian bone to provide basic information about changes in the cells of bones from animals developing the disease. @entity1573 embryos were injected at 12 days of incubation with a @entity778 (MAV-2(0)) that induces @entity2525 at a high frequency. Changes in bone volume were detected 14 days after @entity778 injection. By 3 weeks of age, the bone volumes of osteopetrotic chicks were 4.7-fold larger than controls. The mean caliper diameter of an osteoclast was the same in osteopetrotic and normal bone. The number of osteoclasts per tibia increased in osteopetrotic animals, but the density of osteoclasts decreased. The presence of an increased number of osteoclasts of a normal size rules out the possibility that the @entity778 causes @entity2525 by selectively killing osteoclasts. The total bone-nonbone interface increased in @entity2525 , and greater than 90 per cent of interface surface was devoted to bone deposition. These results indicate that avian @entity2525 is an osteoblastic, proliferative @entity79 and may serve as an excellent animal model for @entity1 diseases in which osteoblasts increase in number.

title: A quantitative histologic study of avian osteopetrotic bone demonstrating normal osteoclast numbers and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperostotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of bone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoblastic activity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['increased osteoblastic activity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity4259 is essential for biological systems at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. Heavy metals and metalloids such as @entity4259 are major contaminants in 40% of hazardous waste sites. Thus, bioremediation has been considered as an effective means of cleaning up of @entity4259 -contaminated sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 30 strains were isolated from wastewater samples collected from @entity4259 -contaminated sites in Qom, Iran using the enrichment culture technique. One bacterial strain designated QW4, identified as Proteus hauseri by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was studied for its ability to tolerate different concentrations of @entity71700 (100-800 mM). Also, the disk diffusion method was performed to determine resistance to some antibiotics. RESULTS: Strain QW4 showed maximum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to @entity71700 (760 mM). The maximum @entity71700 removal was exhibited at 35   C, while the removal activity reduced by 30.7% and 37% at 25   C and 40   C, respectively. The optimum pH and shaking incubator for removal activity was shown to be 7.0 and 150 rpm, with 60.2% and 60.3%, respectively. This bacterial strain was resistant to some antibiotics. CONCLUSION: The concentration of toxic @entity71700 (1000  g/ml) in the supernatant of the bacterial culture medium decreased by 100% after 2 days and the color of the medium changed to red due to the formation of less toxic elemental @entity4259 . Also, our results imply that heavy metal pollution may contribute to increased antibiotic resistance through indirect selection.

title: High potential application in bioremediation of XXXX by Proteus hauseri strain QW4.

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium', 'Selenium']

entities_list: @entity71700 :: ('MESH:D064586', 'Chemical') :: ['selenate', 'sodium selenate']

answer: @entity71700 :: (MESH:D064586,Chemical) :: ['selenate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathogenesis of @entity1797 is extremely complex, and the expression and role of telomerase in @entity1798 tissues remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to detect telomerase expression in nucleus pulposus tissues of @entity1798 and to explore the correlation between telomerase expression and other factors typical of @entity1797 . A total of 8 @entity1 with degenerative nucleus pulposus were included as the experimental group and compared with 8 control @entity1 without evident @entity1797 . The expression of telomerase in nucleus pulposus tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. ELISA was performed to determine the differential expression of telomerase, type II collagen and chondroitin @entity597 between the two groups. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to form associations between these factors. Finally, 5 cases in the experimental group and 5 in the control group were involved in the analysis. Immunohistochemistry results showed that telomerase expression in the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group and the percentage in the unit field of view showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Similarly, the ELISA test results showed lower expression levels of telomerase, type II collagen and @entity12006 in the experimental group when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that telomerase was positively correlated with type II collagen and chondroitin @entity597 (correlation coefficients, 0.673 and 0.528, respectively; P<0.01). In conclusion, telomerase is involved in the degeneration process of nucleus pulposus tissue in lumbar discs and has a positive correlation with other factors typically associated with degeneration.

title: Expression and significance of telomerase in the nucleus pulposus tissues of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disc', 'degenerative lumbar discs']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar discs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our study sought to determine the time parents of febrile @entity1 under the age of five took to seek competent medical care. We also looked at the possible sociodemographic/ clinical factors that influenced this presentation. METHODS: Four hundred and nine under-fives presenting at the emergency unit with a history of @entity221 in the last 48 hours along with their mothers were recruited over four months. Relevant sociodemographic information as well as symptoms and duration of illness were obtained. Multinomial regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of early and late presentation. RESULTS: Over half (57%) of @entity1 presented within 24 hours of onset of @entity221 . The mean age of the @entity1 and mothers were 22  15 months and 30  5 years, respectively. High social class ( @entity36815 , 95% CI 1.6-26.4), @entity43239 , 95% CI 5.7-65.6), @entity410 (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.5) and appearance of other symptoms (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.0-12.0) were significant predictors of early presentation. Secondary school education, belonging to another ethnic group, and non-resolution of @entity221 were significant predictors of late presentation. CONCLUSION: The majority of febrile under-fives came to the hospital to seek competent medical care within the first 24 hours of illness. However, there is a need for more parental education on early hospital presentation for parents of low socioeconomic status and educational background.

title: Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Time to Care-Seeking Among Febrile XXXX Under-Five in North-Central Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3064 has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Hospital outbreaks of extensively drug resistant (XDR) A. baumannii are a great concern. OBJECTIVES: Aims of this study were to characterize the resistance determinants and genetic relatedness of (XDR) A. baumannii isolates in hospitals in Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a three-year study, clinical isolates of A. baumannii were collected from two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method and XDR A. baumannii isolates were identified. Genes' encoding for carbapenemase production and integrons were identified by PCR. MICs of @entity2892 and @entity2889 were determined by agar dilution. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing was used to determine genetic relationships of XDR isolates. RESULTS: Using PCR for amplification of bla OXA-51 , 93.9% (123.131) of isolates were identified as A. baumannii and 24.4% (30.123) were XDR. These isolates were resistant to @entity801 , @entity2177 , @entity4509 , @entity799 , @entity6944 , @entity3524 , @entity5646 and @entity5505 . Thirty percent of the isolates were resistant to @entity9001 . All isolates were susceptible to @entity3273 and @entity6414 , while 93.3% (28.30) possessed bla @entity15799 -like and 6.7% (2.30) possessed bla OXA-24 -like. All isolates possessed insertion sequence (ISAba1) in the upstream region of the @entity15799 -like gene. Almost 96.7% (29.30) of the isolates were positive for class I integron and 43.3% (13.30) for class II. These isolates were also positive for class I. Class III integron was not detected. MLVA typing of XDR isolates showed seven clonally complexes and 16 singletons. CONCLUSIONS: The population structure of the A. baumannii isolates in our hospitals was genetically diverse. A significant association between XDR pattern and presence of class 1 integron (P < 0.001) was found indicating that many antibiotic resistance determinants are involved in development of XDR strains.

title: Molecular Identification of Resistance Determinants, Integrons and Genetic Relatedness of Extensively Drug Resistant XXXX Isolated From Hospitals in Tehran, Iran.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin-B']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to determine the role of curative resection in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and determine the subset of @entity1 who may benefit from concurrent curative resection of primary and metastatic lesions. A total of 103 @entity1 diagnosed with synchronous liver and/or lung metastatic @entity14 at the Osaka Medical Center for @entity5 and @entity65 between 1983 and 2010 were retrospectively investigated. All the @entity1 underwent curative resection of the primary and metastatic lesions. The median follow-up time was 5.69 years. A total of 83 and 13 @entity1 had only liver or lung metastasis, respectively, whereas 7 @entity1 had synchronous liver and lung metastases. A total of 25 @entity1 (24.2%) had no recurrence following curative resection and 14 @entity1 (13.5%) received more than one re-resection for disease recurrence and survived without any further recurrence thereafter. The 5-year survival of liver or lung metastatic @entity14 was 43.7 or 90.0%, respectively. However, the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with synchronous liver and lung metastases was 20.7 months. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, @entity5 invasion, synchronous liver and lung metastases and time-to-recurrence after the first curative resection were significantly associated with @entity1349 and disease-free survival. In conclusion, curative resection confers longer-term survival in @entity1 with liver or lung metastatic @entity14 .

title: Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we sought to determine the predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) and compare the chemotherapeutic regimens administered to @entity0 @entity1 with and those without pCR. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 879 @entity1 treated at the Alvin J. Siteman @entity5 Center between 2006 and 2010, to identify @entity1 who were diagnosed with primary @entity0 and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 who received only neoadjuvant endocrine therapy were considered to be ineligible. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics, including type of chemotherapy, were compared between @entity1 who did and those who did not achieve pCR using Chi-square or Fishers exact tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Two-sided P-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Of the 333 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria, 61 (18.3%) had documented pCR. Compared with @entity1 not achieving pCR, a greater proportion of @entity1 with pCR had @entity34 (80.3 vs. 68%, P=0.057), had poorly differentiated (grade 3) @entity5 (82 vs. 59.2%, P<0.001), had negative lymph node involvement (41 vs. 34%, P=0.0004) and had @entity5 that were @entity1722 -amplified (41 vs. 23.5%, P=0.0054). A greater proportion of @entity1 with pCR received @entity3907 -based chemotherapy (23 vs. 12.5%, P=0.016) or trastuzumab in conjunction with chemotherapy (41.0 vs. 16.9%, P<0.001). No @entity1 receiving solely @entity5948 -based therapy achieved pCR in our study. Our study demonstrated that, for @entity0 , lower stage, negative lymph node involvement and @entity1722 receptor amplification were each associated with pCR. @entity3907 therapy and the concurrent use of trastuzumab were also associated with a higher likelihood of pCR.

title: Predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX : The impact of chemotherapeutic regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage II and III breast cancer', 'stage II or III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity3907 :: ('MESH:C080625', 'Chemical') :: ['Taxane', 'taxane']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage II and III breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer-coated @entity3446 -eluting FIREHAWK stent (MicroPort Medical, Shanghai, China) in a large cohort of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Trials on the FIREHAWK stent allowing targeted @entity3446 release were not individually powered to reliably estimate low-frequency safety endpoints such as stent @entity715 (ST) or to examine long-term safety and efficacy. Additionally, the China Food and Drug Administration requires an objective performance criterion (OPC) study for new drug-eluting stents. METHODS: The primary endpoint, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), was defined as the composite of @entity204 , target vessel @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or clinically indicated @entity75 revascularization at 12 months. @entity1 -level data from 1,007 @entity1 with de novo native coronary lesions exclusively treated with the FIREHAWK stent in the TARGET serial studies (I and II) were prospectively collected, pooled and analyzed throughout a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The 12-month rate of @entity177 in 1,003 @entity1 (follow-up rate, 99.6%) was 3.9% (upper 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.3%), which was significantly lower than the performance goal of 9.0% (P   <   0.0001). The 24-month rates of @entity177 , PoCE (a composite of all-cause death, all @entity583 , or any revascularization), and @entity16888 definite or probable ST were 4.6%, 7.8% and 0.1%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, long lesion (>= 30 mm) was an independent predictor of @entity177 within 2 years (hazard ratio [95%CI]: 2.44 [1.32, 4.53], P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This pooled, @entity1 -level analysis indicates that the FIREHAWK stent exhibits a promising 2-year efficacy and safety profile.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Safety and efficacy of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer XXXX -eluting stent for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: Two-year results from a prospective @entity1 -level pooled analysis of TARGET trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['TLF', 'target lesion failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer-coated @entity3446 -eluting FIREHAWK stent (MicroPort Medical, Shanghai, China) in a large cohort of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Trials on the FIREHAWK stent allowing targeted @entity3446 release were not individually powered to reliably estimate low-frequency safety endpoints such as stent @entity715 (ST) or to examine long-term safety and efficacy. Additionally, the China Food and Drug Administration requires an objective performance criterion (OPC) study for new drug-eluting stents. METHODS: The primary endpoint, @entity177 ( @entity177 ), was defined as the composite of @entity204 , target vessel @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or clinically indicated @entity75 revascularization at 12 months. @entity1 -level data from 1,007 @entity1 with de novo native coronary lesions exclusively treated with the FIREHAWK stent in the TARGET serial studies (I and II) were prospectively collected, pooled and analyzed throughout a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The 12-month rate of @entity177 in 1,003 @entity1 (follow-up rate, 99.6%) was 3.9% (upper 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.3%), which was significantly lower than the performance goal of 9.0% (P   <   0.0001). The 24-month rates of @entity177 , PoCE (a composite of all-cause death, all @entity583 , or any revascularization), and @entity16888 definite or probable ST were 4.6%, 7.8% and 0.1%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, long lesion (>= 30 mm) was an independent predictor of @entity177 within 2 years (hazard ratio [95%CI]: 2.44 [1.32, 4.53], P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This pooled, @entity1 -level analysis indicates that the FIREHAWK stent exhibits a promising 2-year efficacy and safety profile.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Safety and efficacy of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer @entity3446 -eluting stent for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: Two-year results from a prospective XXXX -level pooled analysis of TARGET trials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: To identify radiographic and MR features of @entity570 ( @entity571 ) related to reduced hip extension during walking. Sixty six subjects, were stratified into those with (n   =   36, KL   =   2, 3) and without (n   =   30, KL   =   0, 1) radiographic @entity570 . Cartilage and labrum lesions were graded semi-quantitatively on hip MRI. Alpha angle and lateral center edge (LCE) angle were measured. Sagittal kinematics and kinetics were calculated during walking at speed of 1.35   m/s using 3-D motion capture. All subjects completed @entity717 and @entity571 Outcome Score (HOOS), timed up and go, and 6   min walk tests. Variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA (adjusting for age). Correlations of radiographic and MR parameters with peak hip extension were calculated. The @entity571 group was older, had greater @entity158 , and limitation of function. They also had lower peak hip extension and higher peak hip flexion; and worse acetabular and femoral cartilage lesions. Peak hip extension and flexion correlated with KL grade, cartilage lesions in the inferior and posterior femur. Reduced hip extension and greater hip flexion during walking are present in high functioning (HOOS   >   85%) individuals with mild-moderate @entity570 , and are associated with cartilage lesions.

title: Anatomic correlates of reduced hip extension during walking in individuals with mild-moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Hip disability']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['radiographic hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in mitral valve geometry in @entity1 with significant @entity337 ( @entity337 ) have not been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of significant secondary @entity339 ( @entity339 ; grade  >=   2) and the geometric characteristics of the mitral valve in @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity337 (grade >=  2) undergoing aortic valve and root surgery. METHODS: One-hundred twenty @entity1 (mean age, 54      15  years; 65% @entity1 ) with @entity337 grade >=  2 undergoing aortic valve and root surgery were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of @entity339 grade  >=   2 and geometry of the mitral valve were assessed on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions and mitral valve geometry were compared between @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 and @entity1 without. RESULTS: @entity339 grade  >=   2 was present in 28 @entity1 (23%). @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 had higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II scores and more often used b-blockers and diuretics than their counterparts. @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 had larger tenting areas (mean, 1.59      0.79 vs 1.25      0.41  cm(2); P  =  .003), larger inter-papillary muscle distances (mean, 28.4      9.5 vs 24.8      5.2  mm; P  =  .014), larger left atria (mean, 40.9      13.7 vs 32.0      12.2  mL/m(2); P  =  .002), and lower LV ejection fractions (mean, 47.3      12.2% vs 54.3    9.3%; P  =  .002) as compared to @entity1 with @entity339 grade  <  2. However, there were no differences in indexed LV volumes. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, LV ejection fraction (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.99; P  =  .018) and indexed left atrial volume (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.10; P  =  .019) remained independently associated with @entity339 grade  >=   2 after correcting for tenting area and inter-papillary muscle distance. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity337 grade >=  2 undergoing aortic valve and root surgery, the prevalence of @entity339 grade  >=   2 was 23%. Lower LV ejection fraction and larger left atrial volume were independently associated with @entity339 grade  >=   2.

title: Mitral Valve Geometry Changes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Changes in mitral valve geometry in @entity1 with significant @entity337 ( @entity337 ) have not been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of significant secondary @entity339 ( @entity339 ; grade  >=   2) and the geometric characteristics of the mitral valve in @entity1 with moderate and severe @entity337 (grade >=  2) undergoing aortic valve and root surgery. METHODS: One-hundred twenty @entity1 (mean age, 54      15  years; 65% @entity1 ) with @entity337 grade >=  2 undergoing aortic valve and root surgery were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of @entity339 grade  >=   2 and geometry of the mitral valve were assessed on preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions and mitral valve geometry were compared between @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 and @entity1 without. RESULTS: @entity339 grade  >=   2 was present in 28 @entity1 (23%). @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 had higher European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II scores and more often used b-blockers and diuretics than their counterparts. @entity1 with @entity339 grade  >=   2 had larger tenting areas (mean, 1.59      0.79 vs 1.25      0.41  cm(2); P  =  .003), larger inter-papillary muscle distances (mean, 28.4      9.5 vs 24.8      5.2  mm; P  =  .014), larger left atria (mean, 40.9      13.7 vs 32.0      12.2  mL/m(2); P  =  .002), and lower LV ejection fractions (mean, 47.3      12.2% vs 54.3    9.3%; P  =  .002) as compared to @entity1 with @entity339 grade  <  2. However, there were no differences in indexed LV volumes. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, LV ejection fraction (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.99; P  =  .018) and indexed left atrial volume (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.10; P  =  .019) remained independently associated with @entity339 grade  >=   2 after correcting for tenting area and inter-papillary muscle distance. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity337 grade >=  2 undergoing aortic valve and root surgery, the prevalence of @entity339 grade  >=   2 was 23%. Lower LV ejection fraction and larger left atrial volume were independently associated with @entity339 grade  >=   2.

title: Mitral Valve Geometry Changes in XXXX with @entity337 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The application of antioxidants has been considered as an important and effective approach against conditions in which oxidative stress occurs. Especially, @entity28233 (FA) is an important antioxidant which exerts potency against cellular damage in the presence of oxidants. In the current study, the resistance effect of FA on @entity273 ( @entity274 )-stressed @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) in vitro was investigated. FA (1  mM) increased HEK293 cells' viability and significantly reduced @entity274 -induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed with flow cytometry and morphological results. Cell cycle analysis indicated low percentage of sub-G0 population of FA-treated HEK293 cells that confirmed its resistance effect. The FA-treated HEK293 cells followed by @entity274 exposure resulted in decreased ROS levels compared to control ( @entity274 -treated only). The results indicated that pretreatment of FA on cell prior to @entity274 exposure could significantly improve cell survival and increase catalase (CAT) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) levels. On the other hand, reduction in the levels of @entity1865 and ROS was obvious. It can be concluded that FA may protect HEK293 cells from injury induced by @entity274 through regulation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities and cell cycle distribution. The reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential was also inhibited by FA treatment. These results suggested the importance of naturally occurring antioxidants such as FA in therapeutic intervention methodology against oxidative stress-related diseases.

title: @entity28233 renders protection to HEK293 cells against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The application of antioxidants has been considered as an important and effective approach against conditions in which oxidative stress occurs. Especially, @entity28233 (FA) is an important antioxidant which exerts potency against cellular damage in the presence of oxidants. In the current study, the resistance effect of FA on @entity273 ( @entity274 )-stressed @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) in vitro was investigated. FA (1  mM) increased HEK293 cells' viability and significantly reduced @entity274 -induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed with flow cytometry and morphological results. Cell cycle analysis indicated low percentage of sub-G0 population of FA-treated HEK293 cells that confirmed its resistance effect. The FA-treated HEK293 cells followed by @entity274 exposure resulted in decreased ROS levels compared to control ( @entity274 -treated only). The results indicated that pretreatment of FA on cell prior to @entity274 exposure could significantly improve cell survival and increase catalase (CAT) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) levels. On the other hand, reduction in the levels of @entity1865 and ROS was obvious. It can be concluded that FA may protect HEK293 cells from injury induced by @entity274 through regulation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities and cell cycle distribution. The reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential was also inhibited by FA treatment. These results suggested the importance of naturally occurring antioxidants such as FA in therapeutic intervention methodology against oxidative stress-related diseases.

title: XXXX renders protection to HEK293 cells against oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by @entity273 .

answer: @entity28233 :: (MESH:C004999,Chemical) :: ['Ferulic acid']


abstract: AIM: @entity548 often recurs. Several studies have identified risk factors for recurrence, but to our knowledge, none have focused on risk factors in the clinical situation. The present study aimed to identify risk factors for the recurrence of @entity548 and to create a recurrence risk score. METHOD: Hospitalized @entity1 diagnosed with diverticular bleeding from 2008 to 2013 (N = 151) were included in a retrospective cohort study. Risk factors predicting re-bleeding were identified using multivariate analysis, and a risk score was developed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Recurrence was identified in 52 @entity1 (34.4%) at a median interval of 11.5 months. A history of @entity101 and @entity407 , a @entity299 on admission, and longer hospitalization period were significant risk factors for re-bleeding. We developed a re-bleeding risk score by using these 4 factors; the area under the curve of ROC curve was 0.8. With this risk score, if the cut-off point is 7, then the sensitivity is very high (94%; specificity: 26%); if the cutoff point is 14, the specificity is very high (97%; sensitivity: 40%). This enables the division of @entity1 into 3 groups: high risk, intermediate risk, and low risk. CONCLUSION: @entity548 often recurs, and @entity1 have high recurrence rates within short periods. Risk factors for re-bleeding include a history of @entity101 and @entity407 , @entity299 , and longer hospitalization period, and the risk score may supply useful information for clinicians to aid management.

title: Investigation of risk factors predicting recurrence of XXXX and development of a recurrence risk score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Colonic diverticular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['faster heart rate']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticular hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity41971 , a photo-oxidation product in the atmosphere, and its monohydrate were characterized in the gas phase by pure rotational spectroscopy. High-resolution spectra were measured in the range of 5-14 Hz using a cavity-based molecular beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Possible conformers were identified computationally, at the @entity4885 /6-311++G(2df,2pd) level of theory. For both species, one conformer was identified experimentally, and no @entity5498 internal rotation splittings were observed, indicative of relatively high barriers to rotation. In the monomer, rocking of the @entity4880 group is a large amplitude motion, characterized by a symmetrical double-well potential. This and other low-lying out-of-plane vibrations contribute to a significant ( @entity5498 top-corrected) inertial defect (-1.09 amu   (2)). In the monohydrate, wagging of the free @entity3884 atom of water is a second large amplitude motion, so the average structure is planar. As a result, no c-type transitions were observed. Water tunneling splittings were not observed, because the water rotation coordinate is characterized by an asymmetrical double-well potential. Since the minima are not degenerate, tunneling is precluded. Furthermore, a concerted tunneling path involving simultaneous rotation of the water moiety and rocking of the @entity4880 group is precluded, because the hilltop along this coordinate is a virtual, rather than a real, saddle-point. Inter- and intramolecular non-covalent bonding is discussed in terms of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The percentage of @entity41971 hydrated in the atmosphere is estimated to be about 0.1% using statistical thermodynamics.

title: Rotational spectroscopy of the atmospheric photo-oxidation product XXXX and its monohydrate.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity41971 :: ('MESH:C009502', 'Chemical') :: ['o-toluic acid', 'o-Toluic acid']

answer: @entity41971 :: (MESH:C009502,Chemical) :: ['o-toluic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between receptor-interacting kinase protein 4 ( @entity36982 ) relative copy number (RCN) and prognosis of stage III( @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity36982 RCN was determined by real-time PCR and then dichotomized into high @entity36982 RCN group(n=35) and low @entity36982 RCN group (n=104) using the third quartile as the cut-off point. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between high and low @entity36982 RCN groups. The subgroup prognostic analysis was also conducted based on @entity5 site. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 49 months (ranged 4 to 98 months). @entity1 with high @entity36982 RCN had poorer @entity1349 than those with low @entity36982 RCN, which reached marginal significance(median @entity1349 , 43.0 months vs. 53.5 months, P=0.074). Meanwhile there was no significant difference of @entity1349 between two groups (P=0.352). In @entity694 subgroup, high @entity36982 RCN was significantly associated with poor @entity1349 (median @entity1349 , 31.5 months vs. 56.6 months, P=0.015) but not with @entity1349 (P=0.135). In @entity5 subgroup, @entity36982 RCN was not associated with both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P=0.981, P=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that high @entity36982 RCN was an independent prognostic factor of @entity1349 in stage III( @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy (HR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.275 to 6.610). CONCLUSION: @entity36982 RCN is significantly associated with @entity1349 in stage III( @entity694 @entity1 receiving @entity901 -based chemotherapy and may be a novel biomarker that can predict the efficacy of @entity901 in @entity694 @entity1 .

title: [Association between XXXX relative copy number and prognosis of @entity14 @entity1 after @entity901 -based chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'Overall survival', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity36982 :: (54101,Gene) :: ['RIPK4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between receptor-interacting kinase protein 4 ( @entity36982 ) relative copy number (RCN) and prognosis of stage III( @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity36982 RCN was determined by real-time PCR and then dichotomized into high @entity36982 RCN group(n=35) and low @entity36982 RCN group (n=104) using the third quartile as the cut-off point. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between high and low @entity36982 RCN groups. The subgroup prognostic analysis was also conducted based on @entity5 site. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 49 months (ranged 4 to 98 months). @entity1 with high @entity36982 RCN had poorer @entity1349 than those with low @entity36982 RCN, which reached marginal significance(median @entity1349 , 43.0 months vs. 53.5 months, P=0.074). Meanwhile there was no significant difference of @entity1349 between two groups (P=0.352). In @entity694 subgroup, high @entity36982 RCN was significantly associated with poor @entity1349 (median @entity1349 , 31.5 months vs. 56.6 months, P=0.015) but not with @entity1349 (P=0.135). In @entity5 subgroup, @entity36982 RCN was not associated with both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P=0.981, P=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that high @entity36982 RCN was an independent prognostic factor of @entity1349 in stage III( @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy (HR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.275 to 6.610). CONCLUSION: @entity36982 RCN is significantly associated with @entity1349 in stage III( @entity694 @entity1 receiving @entity901 -based chemotherapy and may be a novel biomarker that can predict the efficacy of @entity901 in @entity694 @entity1 .

title: [Association between @entity36982 relative copy number and prognosis of @entity14 @entity1 after XXXX -based chemotherapy].

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between receptor-interacting kinase protein 4 ( @entity36982 ) relative copy number (RCN) and prognosis of stage III( @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity36982 RCN was determined by real-time PCR and then dichotomized into high @entity36982 RCN group(n=35) and low @entity36982 RCN group (n=104) using the third quartile as the cut-off point. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between high and low @entity36982 RCN groups. The subgroup prognostic analysis was also conducted based on @entity5 site. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 49 months (ranged 4 to 98 months). @entity1 with high @entity36982 RCN had poorer @entity1349 than those with low @entity36982 RCN, which reached marginal significance(median @entity1349 , 43.0 months vs. 53.5 months, P=0.074). Meanwhile there was no significant difference of @entity1349 between two groups (P=0.352). In @entity694 subgroup, high @entity36982 RCN was significantly associated with poor @entity1349 (median @entity1349 , 31.5 months vs. 56.6 months, P=0.015) but not with @entity1349 (P=0.135). In @entity5 subgroup, @entity36982 RCN was not associated with both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P=0.981, P=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that high @entity36982 RCN was an independent prognostic factor of @entity1349 in stage III( @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy (HR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.275 to 6.610). CONCLUSION: @entity36982 RCN is significantly associated with @entity1349 in stage III( @entity694 @entity1 receiving @entity901 -based chemotherapy and may be a novel biomarker that can predict the efficacy of @entity901 in @entity694 @entity1 .

title: [Association between @entity36982 relative copy number and prognosis of XXXX @entity1 after @entity901 -based chemotherapy].

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between receptor-interacting kinase protein 4 ( @entity36982 ) relative copy number (RCN) and prognosis of stage III( @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: @entity36982 RCN was determined by real-time PCR and then dichotomized into high @entity36982 RCN group(n=35) and low @entity36982 RCN group (n=104) using the third quartile as the cut-off point. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between high and low @entity36982 RCN groups. The subgroup prognostic analysis was also conducted based on @entity5 site. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 49 months (ranged 4 to 98 months). @entity1 with high @entity36982 RCN had poorer @entity1349 than those with low @entity36982 RCN, which reached marginal significance(median @entity1349 , 43.0 months vs. 53.5 months, P=0.074). Meanwhile there was no significant difference of @entity1349 between two groups (P=0.352). In @entity694 subgroup, high @entity36982 RCN was significantly associated with poor @entity1349 (median @entity1349 , 31.5 months vs. 56.6 months, P=0.015) but not with @entity1349 (P=0.135). In @entity5 subgroup, @entity36982 RCN was not associated with both @entity1349 and @entity1349 (P=0.981, P=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that high @entity36982 RCN was an independent prognostic factor of @entity1349 in stage III( @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy (HR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.275 to 6.610). CONCLUSION: @entity36982 RCN is significantly associated with @entity1349 in stage III( @entity694 @entity1 receiving @entity901 -based chemotherapy and may be a novel biomarker that can predict the efficacy of @entity901 in @entity694 @entity1 .

title: [Association between @entity36982 relative copy number and prognosis of @entity14 XXXX after @entity901 -based chemotherapy].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oncological outcomes after combination intravesical therapy with @entity136 (GC) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in the setting of recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) after failure of previous intravesical therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC after previous intravesical therapy, who refused or were not candidates for cystectomy, between 2005 and 2011. GC and @entity1139 were sequentially instilled weekly for 6-8  weeks. Data were collected regarding @entity1 demographics, @entity150 history, and number and type of intravesical therapies before GC/ @entity1139 . Outcomes evaluated included time to recurrence and/or progression after GC/ @entity1139 . Recurrence-free outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association of clinicopathological features with outcomes. RESULTS: In all, 27 @entity1 were identified, 23 with high-risk disease (high-grade or @entity189 in  situ) and four with intermediate-risk disease (multifocal or recurrent low-grade). All @entity1 received prior intravesical therapy, and 17 @entity1 (63%) received multiple courses. Twenty-four @entity1 were treated with BCG. The median (range) disease-free survival of all @entity1 was 15.2 (1.7-39.3) months. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) developed recurrent @entity150 , a median of 15.2  months after therapy. One @entity1 progressed to muscle-invasive disease 5  months after treatment, and one developed @entity3 22  months after treatment. Three @entity1 went on to cystectomy. Ten @entity1 (37%) had no evidence of disease at last follow-up, with a median follow-up of 22.1  months. CONCLUSION: The combination of intravesical GC and @entity1139 could offer durable recurrence-free survival to some @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC who are not candidates for, or refuse, cystectomy.

title: Intravesical @entity136 in combination with XXXX as salvage treatment in recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oncological outcomes after combination intravesical therapy with @entity136 (GC) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in the setting of recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) after failure of previous intravesical therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC after previous intravesical therapy, who refused or were not candidates for cystectomy, between 2005 and 2011. GC and @entity1139 were sequentially instilled weekly for 6-8  weeks. Data were collected regarding @entity1 demographics, @entity150 history, and number and type of intravesical therapies before GC/ @entity1139 . Outcomes evaluated included time to recurrence and/or progression after GC/ @entity1139 . Recurrence-free outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association of clinicopathological features with outcomes. RESULTS: In all, 27 @entity1 were identified, 23 with high-risk disease (high-grade or @entity189 in  situ) and four with intermediate-risk disease (multifocal or recurrent low-grade). All @entity1 received prior intravesical therapy, and 17 @entity1 (63%) received multiple courses. Twenty-four @entity1 were treated with BCG. The median (range) disease-free survival of all @entity1 was 15.2 (1.7-39.3) months. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) developed recurrent @entity150 , a median of 15.2  months after therapy. One @entity1 progressed to muscle-invasive disease 5  months after treatment, and one developed @entity3 22  months after treatment. Three @entity1 went on to cystectomy. Ten @entity1 (37%) had no evidence of disease at last follow-up, with a median follow-up of 22.1  months. CONCLUSION: The combination of intravesical GC and @entity1139 could offer durable recurrence-free survival to some @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC who are not candidates for, or refuse, cystectomy.

title: Intravesical @entity136 in combination with @entity1138 as salvage treatment in recurrent non-muscle-invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oncological outcomes after combination intravesical therapy with @entity136 (GC) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in the setting of recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) after failure of previous intravesical therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC after previous intravesical therapy, who refused or were not candidates for cystectomy, between 2005 and 2011. GC and @entity1139 were sequentially instilled weekly for 6-8  weeks. Data were collected regarding @entity1 demographics, @entity150 history, and number and type of intravesical therapies before GC/ @entity1139 . Outcomes evaluated included time to recurrence and/or progression after GC/ @entity1139 . Recurrence-free outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association of clinicopathological features with outcomes. RESULTS: In all, 27 @entity1 were identified, 23 with high-risk disease (high-grade or @entity189 in  situ) and four with intermediate-risk disease (multifocal or recurrent low-grade). All @entity1 received prior intravesical therapy, and 17 @entity1 (63%) received multiple courses. Twenty-four @entity1 were treated with BCG. The median (range) disease-free survival of all @entity1 was 15.2 (1.7-39.3) months. Seventeen @entity1 (63%) developed recurrent @entity150 , a median of 15.2  months after therapy. One @entity1 progressed to muscle-invasive disease 5  months after treatment, and one developed @entity3 22  months after treatment. Three @entity1 went on to cystectomy. Ten @entity1 (37%) had no evidence of disease at last follow-up, with a median follow-up of 22.1  months. CONCLUSION: The combination of intravesical GC and @entity1139 could offer durable recurrence-free survival to some @entity1 with recurrent NMIBC who are not candidates for, or refuse, cystectomy.

title: Intravesical XXXX in combination with @entity1138 as salvage treatment in recurrent non-muscle-invasive @entity150 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation of the slow atrioventricular (AV) pathway has been shown to be safe and effective in pediatric @entity1 with @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ). Despite that, acute success is not guaranteed, and safety of ablating near the AV node remains a concern. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all @entity2917 ablations using the Ensite NavX voltage mapping technique at our institution. Each map was reviewed with @entity1 and NavX computer data recorded. To account for a learning curve, each map was idealized and compared with the original map. Procedure and fluoroscopy time were compared with a control group. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent catheter ablation for @entity2917 from September 2011 until December 2012 using the voltage mapping technique. The historical control group comprised 24 @entity1 who underwent catheter ablation using the electroanatomic approach. There was 96% acute success with one recurrence in the voltage mapping group, at a mean follow-up of 24 months. The slow pathway was visualized in 86% of @entity1 at the time of ablation, while three of four without could be found on idealization of the voltage map. Mean high- and low-voltage parameters increased with idealization, but showed no correlation with age, gender, or weight. Estimated pathway size had significant inter- @entity1 variability. Procedure and fluoroscopy times did not vary significantly compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Visualization of the AV nodal slow pathway in a pediatric population is possible using voltage mapping technique with the potential to increase safety and efficacy. Variability exists in the voltage parameters needed to visualize individual slow pathways, which leads to a distinct learning curve.

title: Visualization of XXXX Reentry Tachycardia Slow Pathways Using Voltage Mapping for Pediatric Catheter Ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AVNRT', 'atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['Atrioventricular Nodal']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity62 is characterized by white guttate macules with a typical histological structure: @entity1373 with @entity4182 . OBSERVATION: A 23-year-old @entity1 , from Algeria, presented with white macules from 5 years ago. Few @entity1 in her family had the same trouble. Cutaneous examination revealed diffused white little macules. Histological examination showed a @entity1373 of the epidermis, with elongated club-shaped rete ridges and an unusual loss of pigmentation. DISCUSSION: Different diagnosis should be discussed with disseminated leucoderma macules. Nevertheless, the only one which corresponds with our case is the white @entity6311 . To our knowledge, it is the first case described since Grosshans et al. in 1994. Our @entity1 is a descendant of the original case's family. This new case appears to confirm the genetic origin of the disorder and suggests autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance.

title: [A second case of white XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lentiginosis hyperplasia', 'lentiginous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6311 :: ('MESH:D007911', 'Disease') :: ['lentiginosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White lentiginosis']

answer: @entity6311 :: (MESH:D007911,Disease) :: ['lentiginosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent evidence suggests that @entity9495 supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events, but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is uncertain. In a study primarily assessing the effects of various @entity9495 supplements on blood @entity9495 levels, we also investigated the effects of @entity9495 supplements on blood pressure and their acute effects on @entity1003 . We randomised 100 post-menopausal @entity1 to 1 g/d of @entity9495 or a placebo containing no @entity9495 . Blood pressure was measured at baseline and every 2 h up to 8 h after their first dose and after 3 months of supplementation. @entity1003 was measured by thromboelastography (TEG) in a subgroup of @entity1 (n 40) up to 8 h only. Blood pressure declined over 8 h in both the groups, consistent with its normal diurnal rhythm. The @entity551 was smaller in the @entity9495 group compared with the control group by >5 mmHg between 2 and 6 h (P <=0  02), and the @entity551 was smaller at 2 h (between-groups difference 4  5 mmHg, P=0  004). Blood coagulability, assessed by TEG, increased from baseline over 8 h in the @entity13621 and control groups. At 4 h, the increase in the coagulation index was greater in the @entity13621 group compared with the control group (P=0  03), which appeared to be due to a greater reduction in the time to clot initiation. These data suggest that @entity9495 supplements may acutely influence blood pressure and @entity1003 . Further investigation of this possibility is required.

title: Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure and XXXX : secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in post-menopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Blood coagulation', 'blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity13621 :: ('MESH:D019355', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium citrate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systolic blood pressure', 'reduction in diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent evidence suggests that @entity9495 supplements increase the risk of cardiovascular events, but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs is uncertain. In a study primarily assessing the effects of various @entity9495 supplements on blood @entity9495 levels, we also investigated the effects of @entity9495 supplements on blood pressure and their acute effects on @entity1003 . We randomised 100 post-menopausal @entity1 to 1 g/d of @entity9495 or a placebo containing no @entity9495 . Blood pressure was measured at baseline and every 2 h up to 8 h after their first dose and after 3 months of supplementation. @entity1003 was measured by thromboelastography (TEG) in a subgroup of @entity1 (n 40) up to 8 h only. Blood pressure declined over 8 h in both the groups, consistent with its normal diurnal rhythm. The @entity551 was smaller in the @entity9495 group compared with the control group by >5 mmHg between 2 and 6 h (P <=0  02), and the @entity551 was smaller at 2 h (between-groups difference 4  5 mmHg, P=0  004). Blood coagulability, assessed by TEG, increased from baseline over 8 h in the @entity13621 and control groups. At 4 h, the increase in the coagulation index was greater in the @entity13621 group compared with the control group (P=0  03), which appeared to be due to a greater reduction in the time to clot initiation. These data suggest that @entity9495 supplements may acutely influence blood pressure and @entity1003 . Further investigation of this possibility is required.

title: Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure and @entity1003 : secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in post-menopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of @entity41976 -eluting stents (BES, BioMatrix    and BioMatrix Flex   ) in routine clinical practice. BACKGROUND: The LEADERS randomized trial has documented equivalent efficacy and superior safety of the BES when compared to a first generation @entity3446 -eluting Cypher(TM) stent. METHODS: 5,472 @entity1 from 57 centers, treated with BES, were enrolled in an international multicenter registry and followed clinically up to 2 years. RESULTS: Mean @entity1 age was 63.2        11 years, 24% of @entity1 had @entity6 , and 49.8% presented with an @entity1187 . 99.3% of @entity1 were discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), 83.3% remained on DAPT at 1 year and 30.6% at 2 years. The incidence of the composite primary end point [major adverse @entity299 (MACE) at 12 months] was 4.5% [ @entity204 0.9%, @entity583 1.7%, clinically indicated target vessel revascularization (ci-TVR) 2.8%]. MACE incidence was 6.8% at 24 months ( @entity204 .5%, @entity583 2.4%, ci-TVR 4.3%). At 12 months, 32 @entity1 (0.6%) had suffered at least one definite or probable stent @entity715 (ST), and 91 @entity1 (1.7%) a @entity548 ( @entity548 ). Nine @entity1 with ST (27.3%) and 7 @entity1 with a @entity548 (7.7%) died during the first year after the index procedure. Between 12 and 24 months after implantation, there were 18 (0.4%) additional @entity548 and 8 (0.2%) additional ST. CONCLUSIONS: This large international cohort documents a low 12 and 24 months MACE incidence and a very low ST incidence in an unselected @entity1 population undergoing BES implantation. The results are in keeping with those of the randomized controlled LEADERS trial. Even though ST with this stent was a rare event, it was still associated with significant mortality. @entity548 remains a problem, and warrants improved tailoring of DAPT in recipients of drug eluting stents.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Outcomes following implantation of the XXXX -eluting BioMatrix coronary stent: Primary analysis of the e-BioMatrix registry.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['MB', 'major bleed']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac death 1']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity41976 :: (MESH:C518022,Chemical) :: ['biolimus A9']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: With the increasing use of cell therapies involving immune modulatory cells, there is a need for a simple standardized method to evaluate and compare the suppressive potency of different cell products. We used the @entity1 (K299) cell line as the reference suppressor cell to develop a standardized suppression assay to quantify the immune-modulatory capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). METHODS: Healthy donor @entity404 T cells were co-cultured with the K299 cell line or with third-party BM-MSCs. After stimulation with anti-CD3/ @entity1361 beads, @entity11603 activation and proliferation of @entity404 T cells were measured to calculate suppression. RESULTS: The K299 cell line reproducibly suppressed both the activation and proliferation of healthy donor @entity404 T cells in a dose-dependent manner. A rapid (16-h) assay that was based on activation-suppression was selected for development. In replicate testing, there was an inherent variability of suppression of 11% coefficient of variation between different responder T cells. Suppression by BM-MSCs on different responders correlated with suppression by K299. We therefore used K299 suppression as the reference to define suppression potency of BM-MSCs in K299 Suppression Units. We found that inter-donor variability, passage number, method of manufacture and exposure of BM-MSCs to @entity230 or interferon-y all affected BM-MSC potency of suppression. CONCLUSIONS: This method provides a platform for standardizing suppressor function to facilitate comparisons between laboratories and for use as a cell product release assay.

title: Quantitative activation suppression assay to evaluate XXXX bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell potency.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SYNTAX score is an angiographic score which predicts @entity453 . It has been shown to be useful for decision making about percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among @entity1 with @entity453 . Higher SYNTAX scores are indicative of more complex disease. @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is characterized by limitation of airflow. Meassurement of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in spirometry is used for diagnosis and determining the severity of the disease. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and SYNTAX score in @entity1 wtih @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: Seventy eight @entity1 with a previous diagnosis of @entity1030 and 48 @entity1 without @entity1030 were enrolled. Spirometry and coronary angiography were performed in all @entity1 . SYNTAX score was calculated and compared between two groups. The correlation between FEV1 and SYNTAX score was analyzed. RESULTS: SYNTAX score was higher in @entity1 with @entity1030 than @entity1 without @entity1030 (23.22  12.10 vs 17.92  11.21 respectively, p=0.013). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1030 was an independently predictive for intermediate and high SYNTAX score (odds ratio 4.833; 95% confidence interval 2.228-10.485; p<0.001). Mean FEV1 (% predicted) was 64.7  11.4 and negatively correlated with SYNTAX score in @entity1030 group ( r= -0.266 and p=0.018). The receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded a cutoff value of 65.5 for the FEV1 to predict SYNTAX score >=  23, with sensivity and specifity being 78.6% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1030 is a predictor of higher SYNTAX scores. FEV1 is associated with more severe and @entity453 .

title: FEV1 can predict SYNTAX score in XXXX with chronic obtructive pulmonary disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['complex coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease complexity']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) is a major cause of chronic @entity409 worldwide. @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) is a drug that has anti-inflammatory properties due to its effects on the metabolism of @entity1426 . Thus, the present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity6567 on the mechanisms of @entity5881 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into seven groups: 1) control, 2) @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 3) @entity167 , 4) @entity167 + @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 5) @entity167 + @entity12698 50mg/kg 6) @entity167 + @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ) 100 mg/kg and 7) @entity167 + @entity14568 100 mg/kg + @entity6567 50mg/kg. Liver fragments were stained with HE and Sirius red, and processed for immunofluorescence, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, serum was collected for biochemical measurements. @entity167 induced @entity409 , elevation in collagen content and increased expression of NF-kB and inflammatory markers ( @entity637 , IFN-y, @entity635 , @entity13633 , @entity10178 and @entity641 ). Treatment with @entity6567 was able to reduce @entity409 and the collagen content, the NF-kB and inflammatory markers expression, ameliorated biochemistry parameters (total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , @entity412 content and @entity492 aminotransferase) and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers (p-AMPK and @entity1618 ). Future clinical trials may demonstrate that oral administration of @entity6567 may be suitable for the treatment of @entity5881 as other @entity409 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX : possible therapeutic alternative in the treatment of @entity5881 in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'Alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol', 'alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['Diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) is a major cause of chronic @entity409 worldwide. @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) is a drug that has anti-inflammatory properties due to its effects on the metabolism of @entity1426 . Thus, the present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity6567 on the mechanisms of @entity5881 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into seven groups: 1) control, 2) @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 3) @entity167 , 4) @entity167 + @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 5) @entity167 + @entity12698 50mg/kg 6) @entity167 + @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ) 100 mg/kg and 7) @entity167 + @entity14568 100 mg/kg + @entity6567 50mg/kg. Liver fragments were stained with HE and Sirius red, and processed for immunofluorescence, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, serum was collected for biochemical measurements. @entity167 induced @entity409 , elevation in collagen content and increased expression of NF-kB and inflammatory markers ( @entity637 , IFN-y, @entity635 , @entity13633 , @entity10178 and @entity641 ). Treatment with @entity6567 was able to reduce @entity409 and the collagen content, the NF-kB and inflammatory markers expression, ameliorated biochemistry parameters (total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , @entity412 content and @entity492 aminotransferase) and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers (p-AMPK and @entity1618 ). Future clinical trials may demonstrate that oral administration of @entity6567 may be suitable for the treatment of @entity5881 as other @entity409 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity6566 : possible therapeutic alternative in the treatment of XXXX in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

answer: @entity5881 :: (MESH:D008108,Disease) :: ['alcoholic liver disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) is a major cause of chronic @entity409 worldwide. @entity6566 ( @entity6567 ) is a drug that has anti-inflammatory properties due to its effects on the metabolism of @entity1426 . Thus, the present study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity6567 on the mechanisms of @entity5881 . C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into seven groups: 1) control, 2) @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 3) @entity167 , 4) @entity167 + @entity6567 50 mg/kg, 5) @entity167 + @entity12698 50mg/kg 6) @entity167 + @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ) 100 mg/kg and 7) @entity167 + @entity14568 100 mg/kg + @entity6567 50mg/kg. Liver fragments were stained with HE and Sirius red, and processed for immunofluorescence, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, serum was collected for biochemical measurements. @entity167 induced @entity409 , elevation in collagen content and increased expression of NF-kB and inflammatory markers ( @entity637 , IFN-y, @entity635 , @entity13633 , @entity10178 and @entity641 ). Treatment with @entity6567 was able to reduce @entity409 and the collagen content, the NF-kB and inflammatory markers expression, ameliorated biochemistry parameters (total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , @entity412 content and @entity492 aminotransferase) and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers (p-AMPK and @entity1618 ). Future clinical trials may demonstrate that oral administration of @entity6567 may be suitable for the treatment of @entity5881 as other @entity409 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity6566 : possible therapeutic alternative in the treatment of @entity5881 in C57BL/6 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) is a key component that mediates @entity158 modulation. Although spinal cord glial cells appear to play an important role in @entity1118 development, the precise mechanisms involving descending facilitation pathways from the PAG following @entity128 are poorly understood. This study shows that cellular events that occur during glial activation in the VL-PAG may promote descending facilitation from the PAG during @entity9 . @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) was induced by ligature construction of the sciatic nerve in male @entity35 . Behavioral responses to noxious mechanical (paw withdrawal threshold; PWT) and thermal (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) stimuli were evaluated. After @entity8638 , immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of microglia and astrocytes in the VL-PAG showed morphological and quantitative changes indicative of activation in microglia and astrocytes. Intra-VL-PAG injection of microglial or astrocytic inhibitors attenuated PWT and PWL at days 7 and 14, respectively, following @entity8638 . We also evaluated the effects of intra-VL-PAG administration of the phosphorylated @entity12220 (p- @entity12220 MAPK) inhibitor @entity1441 at day 7 after @entity8638 . This treatment abolished microglial activation and produced a significant time-dependent attenuation of PWT and PWL. Western blot analysis showed localized expression of p- @entity12220 in the VL-PAG after @entity8638 . P- @entity12220 was expressed in labeled microglia of the VL-PAG but was not present in astrocytes and neurons on day 7 after @entity8638 . These results demonstrate that @entity8638 -induced @entity9 is associated with glial activation in the VL-PAG, which likely participates in descending @entity158 facilitation through the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Glial activation in the periaqueductal gray promotes descending facilitation of XXXX through the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity12220 :: ('81649(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'Chronic constriction nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) is a key component that mediates @entity158 modulation. Although spinal cord glial cells appear to play an important role in @entity1118 development, the precise mechanisms involving descending facilitation pathways from the PAG following @entity128 are poorly understood. This study shows that cellular events that occur during glial activation in the VL-PAG may promote descending facilitation from the PAG during @entity9 . @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) was induced by ligature construction of the sciatic nerve in male @entity35 . Behavioral responses to noxious mechanical (paw withdrawal threshold; PWT) and thermal (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) stimuli were evaluated. After @entity8638 , immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of microglia and astrocytes in the VL-PAG showed morphological and quantitative changes indicative of activation in microglia and astrocytes. Intra-VL-PAG injection of microglial or astrocytic inhibitors attenuated PWT and PWL at days 7 and 14, respectively, following @entity8638 . We also evaluated the effects of intra-VL-PAG administration of the phosphorylated @entity12220 (p- @entity12220 MAPK) inhibitor @entity1441 at day 7 after @entity8638 . This treatment abolished microglial activation and produced a significant time-dependent attenuation of PWT and PWL. Western blot analysis showed localized expression of p- @entity12220 in the VL-PAG after @entity8638 . P- @entity12220 was expressed in labeled microglia of the VL-PAG but was not present in astrocytes and neurons on day 7 after @entity8638 . These results demonstrate that @entity8638 -induced @entity9 is associated with glial activation in the VL-PAG, which likely participates in descending @entity158 facilitation through the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Glial activation in the periaqueductal gray promotes descending facilitation of @entity9 through the XXXX MAPK signaling pathway.

answer: @entity12220 :: (81649(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to develop a reproducible @entity1810 injection technique to induce urethral @entity82 in the @entity35 urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 male @entity35 weighing 300 to 350 gm were anesthetized with @entity3652 / @entity4763 intraperitoneally. Using a 5 mm penoscrotal incision the @entity35 urethra was exposed. In the experimental group varying doses of @entity1810 (5, 10 and 25  g) were injected in each side of the urethral wall. Normal saline infiltration was used in the sham treated group. @entity35 were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks following @entity1810 injection. Urethral specimens were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , and Masson trichrome, and Western blot evaluations were performed. Normal and strictured urethral tissues from @entity1 were collected and evaluated in the same fashion. RESULTS: There was no evidence of urethral wall thickening or @entity82 in the sham treated group. Varied histological evidence of @entity82 was noted in all experimental groups. There was a significant increase in collagen type I expression 2 weeks after injection of 5, 10 and 25  g @entity1810 . Collagen type III expression was significantly increased 2 weeks after injecting 10 and 25  g of @entity1810 , which persisted to 28 days after injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1810 injection can successfully generate a reproducible @entity35 model of urethral spongiofibrosis. This technique is simple, inexpensive and reproducible. Our series is a proof of concept study. Additional studies in larger animals are needed to further confirm our findings.

title: Transforming Growth Factor-b1 Induced Urethral XXXX in a @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Rats', 'Sprague Dawley   rats']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']