abstract: Coagulase production is preserved in @entity794 cultures although growth was strongly reduced after irradiation with 90,000 rads by a 60Co source. Kinetic studies on the growth and coagulase formation by non-irradiated and irradiated bacteria are reported, using various antibiotics such as @entity2755 , @entity4316 and @entity1138 . Both @entity2755 (1-50 microgram/ml) and @entity4316 (0.05-0.8 microgram/ml) added to @entity794 cultures reduce and finally inhibit growth rate and coagulase synthesis proportionally to their concentration in the medium; irradiated and non-irradiated cultures behave similarly to the inhibitory action of those antibiotics. @entity1138 between 0.2-9.6 microgram/ml reduces growth, but enzyme production is slightly affected; high levels of coagulase are observed in non-growing cultures. @entity1138 and gamma radiation affecting DNA give similar results: inhibition of growth but not of enzyme formation. Kinetics studies show that coagulase is synthesized during the first five minutes, either in irradiated or in non-irradiated cultures. Indication of a de novo synthesis, instead of a mere release of ready-formed enzyme, is given by using @entity2755 or @entity4316 which strongly inhibit coagulase production in irradiated @entity794 . Cultures treated by those antibiotics have their coagulase levels reduced to the same degree, were they irradiated or not; it is assumed that both types of cultures behave similarly, as far as enzyme production is concerned. A massive irradiation dose alone--or @entity1138 in high concentrations alone--may suspend bacterial growth although enzyme synthesis continues. A similar result is obtained by combining lower irradiation doses with an appropriate antibiotic. The combined and/or synergistic actions of gamma radiation and antibiotics could successfully differentiate between the two cellular functions: growth and enzyme synthesis.

title: [Kinetic study on coagulase formation and growth of " XXXX ": comparative and combined action of antibiotics and gamma radiation (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin', 'Mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin', 'actinomycin D']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: RATIONALE: Traditionally, @entity3069 complex (MAC) has been composed of @entity3069 and @entity4594 ; however, advances in genetic sequencing have allowed discovery of several novel species. With these discoveries, investigation of differences in risk factors, virulence, and clinical outcomes have emerged. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluating all MAC isolates obtained from pulmonary specimens at our institution from 2000 to 2012 and investigated the clinical courses associated with distinct MAC species. METHODS: To classify isolates into distinct species, a multilocus sequence analysis using rpoB and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) as targets was performed. We reviewed @entity1 medical records to analyze clinical characteristics and outcomes for the cohort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the isolates from the 448 included @entity1 , 54% were @entity3069 , 18% were @entity4594 , and 28% were M. chimaera. Using American @entity1514 Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America criteria, @entity1 whose isolates were identified as @entity3069 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-3.44) or @entity4594 (AOR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.62-5.99) were more likely to meet criteria for @entity281 than @entity1 with M. chimaera. @entity1 infected with M. chimaera were more likely to be prescribed an immunosuppressant compared with all other @entity1 (AOR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.17-6.40). @entity1 treated for infections with @entity3069 (AOR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.51-21.10) and M. chimaera (AOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.08-18.53) were more likely to have a clinical relapse/reinfection than those with @entity4594 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that specific MAC species have varying degrees of virulence and classifying MAC isolates into distinct species aids in identifying which @entity1 are at higher risk of clinical relapse/reinfection.

title: Comparison of Clinical Features, Virulence, and Relapse among XXXX Complex Species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4594 :: ('1767', 'Species') :: ['M. intracellulare']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['M. avium', 'Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity299 experience limited activities of daily living (ADL). This is a cross-country comparison of the additive effects of Socioeconomics, health behaviors, and the number of medical comorbidities on disability among @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: The current study used a cross-sectional design. Data came from the Research on Early Life and Aging Trends and Effects (RELATE). The current analysis utilized data on elderly individuals (age >= 60 y) from 13 countries. The outcome was any ADL limitation (i.e. bathing, dressing, using toilet, transferring, lifting heavy things, shopping, and eating meals). Socioeconomics (i.e. age, gender, education, and income), health behaviors (i.e. exercise, smoking, and drinking), and number of chronic medical conditions (i.e. @entity101 , respiratory, @entity625 , @entity64 , and @entity6 ) were entered into country-specific logistic regressions, considering at least one limitation in ADL as the main outcome. RESULTS: Number of comorbid medical conditions and age were positively associated with disability in 85% of the countries. Physical activity and drinking were linked to disability in 54%and 31% of countries, respectively. Higher education and income were associated with lower disability in 31% and 23% of the countries, respectively. Female gender was associated with higher disability only in 15% of the countries. Smoking was not associated with disability, while the effects of socioeconomics, drinking, exercise, and medical comorbidities were controlled. CONCLUSION: @entity717 depend on the country; accordingly, locally designed health promotion interventions may be superior to the universal interventions for @entity1 with @entity299 . Medical comorbidities, however, should be universally diagnosed and treated.

title: Cross-Country Differences in the Additive Effects of Socioeconomics, Health Behaviors and Medical Comorbidities on Disability among Older Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Determinants of disability']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Disease']


abstract: Importance: Sinus balloon catheter dilation (SBCD) has been used for @entity102 ( @entity102 ). It is necessary to evaluate its effect on @entity1 with @entity102 . Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of SBCD on pediatric @entity102 in China. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A prospective case-control study was conducted from October 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013, in an academic tertiary referral hospital. @entity1 included a total of 79 @entity1 , aged 7 to 12 years, with @entity102 resistant to medical therapy. Interventions: Medical or SBCD treatment of pediatric @entity102 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Age, sex, and results of computed tomographic scan, SBCD (case group) or conservative treatment (control group), sinonasal-5 questionnaire (SN-5), and visual analog scale (VAS) were analyzed and compared. Results: Data from 79 of 96 @entity1 who had complete follow-up documents were statistically analyzed (42 @entity1 ; 37 @entity1 ; mean [SD] age, 9.3 [1.7] years). Compared with the preoperative scores, the SN-5 and VAS scores in @entity1 with @entity102 who underwent SBCD with or without adenoidectomy were significantly lower at 3 months (2.5 vs 4.3 for SN-5; P   <   .001; 3.1 vs 5.2 for VAS; P   <   .001) and at 1 year (2.9 vs 4.3 for SN-5; P   =   .001; 3.1 vs 5.2 for VAS; P   <   .001). Both SN-5 and VAS scores in the control group were significantly decreased at 3 months (3.1 vs 4.2 for SN-5; P   =   .001; 3.9 vs 5.1 for VAS; P   <   .001) but not significantly changed at 12 months (3.8 vs 4.2 for SN-5; P   =   .01; 4.9 vs 5.1 for VAS; P   =   .54). The SN-5 and VAS scores in the SBCD group were significantly lower than those for controls at 3 months (2.5 vs 3.1 for SN-5; P   =   .003; 3.1 vs 3.9 for VAS; P   =   .01) and at 1 year after surgery (2.9 vs 3.8 for SN-5; P   <   .001; 3.1 vs 4.9 for VAS; P   <   .001). By the 12-month SN-5 score evaluation, the rates of marked, moderate, and mild improvement were significantly better in the SBCD group (52% [22 of 42], 26% [11 of 42], and 14% [6 of 42], respectively) than in the control group (14% [5 of 37], 19% [7 of 37], and 11% [4 of 37], respectively) (P   <   .05 for all comparisons). Conclusions and Relevance: The SBCD procedure is a safe and effective technique for pediatric @entity102 resistant to medical therapy.

title: Sinus Balloon Catheter Dilation in XXXX Resistant to Medical Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity411 ( @entity411 ) is a promising intervention for @entity73 ( @entity73 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity411 on cognition and regional brain @entity413 metabolism (rBGM) in @entity73 @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects performed a twice-a-week, moderate intensity, @entity411 program for 24 weeks. Assessment with @entity11509 -cog, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and evaluation of rBGM with positron emission tomography with @entity419 ( @entity419 -PET) were performed before and after the intervention. Aerobic capacity was compared using the maximal @entity26 consumption VO2max (mL/Kg/min). @entity419 -PET data were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis with SPM8 software. RESULTS: Forty subjects were included, with a mean (M) age of 70.3 (5.4) years and an initial Mini-Mental State Exam score of 27.4 (1.7). Comparisons using paired t-tests revealed improvements in the @entity11509 -cog (M difference: -2.7 (3.7), p< 0.001) and VO2max scores (M difference: 1.8 (2.0) mL/kg/min, p< 0.001). Brain metabolic analysis revealed a bilateral decrease in the rBGM of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, pFWE=0.04. This rBGM decrease was negatively correlated with improvement in a visuospatial function/attentional test (rho=-0.31, p=0.04). Several other brain areas also showed increases or decreases in rBGM. Of note, there was an increase in the retrosplenial cortex, an important node of the default mode network, that was negatively correlated with the metabolic decrease in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (r=-0.51, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity411 improved cognition and changed rBGM in areas related to cognition in subjects with @entity73 .

title: Effects of Aerobic Training on Cognition and Brain XXXX Metabolism in Subjects with Mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '[18F]FDG']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['Aerobic training', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity411 ( @entity411 ) is a promising intervention for @entity73 ( @entity73 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity411 on cognition and regional brain @entity413 metabolism (rBGM) in @entity73 @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects performed a twice-a-week, moderate intensity, @entity411 program for 24 weeks. Assessment with @entity11509 -cog, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and evaluation of rBGM with positron emission tomography with @entity419 ( @entity419 -PET) were performed before and after the intervention. Aerobic capacity was compared using the maximal @entity26 consumption VO2max (mL/Kg/min). @entity419 -PET data were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis with SPM8 software. RESULTS: Forty subjects were included, with a mean (M) age of 70.3 (5.4) years and an initial Mini-Mental State Exam score of 27.4 (1.7). Comparisons using paired t-tests revealed improvements in the @entity11509 -cog (M difference: -2.7 (3.7), p< 0.001) and VO2max scores (M difference: 1.8 (2.0) mL/kg/min, p< 0.001). Brain metabolic analysis revealed a bilateral decrease in the rBGM of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, pFWE=0.04. This rBGM decrease was negatively correlated with improvement in a visuospatial function/attentional test (rho=-0.31, p=0.04). Several other brain areas also showed increases or decreases in rBGM. Of note, there was an increase in the retrosplenial cortex, an important node of the default mode network, that was negatively correlated with the metabolic decrease in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (r=-0.51, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity411 improved cognition and changed rBGM in areas related to cognition in subjects with @entity73 .

title: Effects of Aerobic Training on Cognition and Brain @entity413 Metabolism in Subjects with Mild XXXX .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In an observational study, complications of intrathecal catheter pumps necessitating surgical exchange were analyzed. Also the use of a high-volume prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) during surgery for preventing @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) with a follow-up for 1 year is described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 22 @entity1 with refractory chronic @entity158 of @entity5 /noncancer origin or severe @entity508 , who were receiving intrathecal @entity1286 including adjuvants or @entity1772 for symptom relief, catheter exchange with or without pump was performed. In @entity1 with documented symptoms of @entity9737 following initial intrathecal catheter implantation, a prophylactic EBP with a high blood volume was used for @entity9737 prevention during surgery. Catheters were replaced using 40 mL EBP before entering dural space at a speed of 5mL/min into the epidural space. @entity1 were asked to quantify @entity158 experience and functional ability. RESULTS: From a sample of 72 @entity1 admitted for catheter exchange with or without pump, 22 @entity1 (33%) (12 male, 10 female) had a history of @entity9737 following initial implantation. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures occurring with malfunction of intrathecal catheter pump systems were described. Twenty-one @entity1 were successfully treated with prophylactic EBP, while one @entity1 could not be properly evaluated because of @entity510 as the underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: A new approach using a high-volume prophylactic EBP for preventing @entity9737 following catheter exchange is presented. The efficacy and safety of this technique for 1 year follow-up have been evaluated and was found to be safe and potentially effective.

title: A new approach using high volume blood patch for prevention of XXXX following intrathecal catheter pump exchange.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['post-dural puncture headache', 'PDPH']

answer: @entity9737 :: (MESH:D051299,Disease) :: ['post-dural puncture headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Grade 4 blunt @entity130 (BCVI4) has a known, significant rate of @entity64 . However, little is known about the natural history of BCVI4 and the pathophysiology of subsequent @entity64 formation. METHODS: A 4-year review of @entity1 with BCVI4 at the R Adams @entity130 Center was performed. Rates of BCVI4-related @entity64 , @entity64 -related mortality, and overall mortality were calculated. The relationship of change in vessel characteristics and BCVI4-related @entity64 was examined, as was the mechanism of @entity64 formation. RESULTS: There were 82 BCVI4s identified, with 13 carotid artery (ICA) and 69 vertebral artery BCVI4s. BCVI4-related @entity64 rate was 2.9% in vertebral artery BCVI4 and 70% in ICA BCVI4 @entity1 surviving to reimaging. @entity64 mechanisms included @entity64 , @entity64 , and combined embolic and @entity64 . Peristroke vessel recanalization and an @entity64 mechanism were seen in 100% of @entity6455 BCVI4-related @entity64 developing after admission. BCVI4-related @entity64 occurred within 10 hours of hospital admission in 67% of the @entity1 with @entity64 . Contraindications to anticoagulation were present in most @entity1 with BCVI4-related @entity64 developing after admission. CONCLUSION: Multiple etiologies of @entity64 formation exist in BCVI4. Early risk-benefit analysis for initiation of anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents should be performed in all @entity1 with BCVI4, and the use of endovascular vessel occlusion should be considered in those with true contraindications to anticoagulation. However, more aggressive medical therapy may be needed to lessen BCVI4-related @entity64 development. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level V.

title: Lethal now or lethal later: The natural history of Grade 4 blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'thrombotic strokes', 'embolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'embolic strokes']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Cowley Shock Trauma', 'cerebrovascular injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recent growth in smokeless @entity286 (ST) consumption has raised questions about consumer risk perceptions of ST products, especially in high-risk vulnerable populations. This qualitative study examined risk perceptions of ST among adolescent and adult users and nonusers in Ohio Appalachia. Focus groups and interviews were held with adolescents (n  =  53; M age  =  17 years) and adults (n  =  63; M age  =  34 years) from four Ohio Appalachian counties. @entity1 were asked about their perceptions of ST-related health risks, ST safety, and the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes. Transcriptions were coded independently by two individuals. Overall, @entity1 were knowledgeable about health problems from ST use (e.g., @entity5 , @entity2520 ). Nearly all @entity1 stated that ST use is not safe; however, there was disagreement about its relative safety. Some perceived all @entity286 products as equally harmful; others believed that ST is safer than cigarettes for either the user or those around the user. Disagreements about ST relative safety may reflect mixed public health messages concerning the safety of ST. Comprehensive consumer messages about the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes are needed. Messages should address the effect of ST on the health of the user as well as those exposed to the user.

title: Risk Perceptions of Smokeless XXXX Among Adolescent and Adult Users and Nonusers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Over the past decades the identification of several molecules that are expressed specifically in the lymphatic endothelial cells has resulted in marked advances in the field of lymphangiogenesis. We aimed to measure LVD in @entity14 @entity1 and to compare it with microvascular density (MVD) - a marker of angiogenesis - and @entity1 ' clinicopathological parameters and survival, as the measurement of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) has been documented in various @entity5 types, including @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty one @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for stage I-III @entity14 entered this study. LVD and MVD were determined immunohistochemically with the use of D2-40 and @entity2280 antibody respectively. The evaluation of LVD was performed by both visual and computer-aided image analysis. RESULTS: The majority of lymphatic vessels were located in the peritumoral areas rather than within the @entity5 . The results obtained from the image analyzer correlated significantly with the data obtained using visual counting with light microscopy. Both visual and image analysis LVD failed to correlate with @entity1 ' age and gender and @entity5 location, stage, grade, MVD count and survival. CONCLUSIONS: The biologic role of the lymphatic vasculature in @entity5 progression remains controversial. The present study failed to associate LVD with outcome markers and prognosis and further studies would be required to verify our results.

title: Role of lymphatic vessel density in XXXX : prognostic significance and clinicopathologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Pleckstrin homology domain and @entity368 rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 ( @entity71322 ) is a member of the @entity563 / @entity1889 family of phosphatases. It has been studied in organs including brain, heart, pancreas, adipose, breast, and prostate. @entity1 @entity71322 encodes two splice variants - PHLPP1a (~140-150   kDa) and PHLPP1b (~180-190   kDa). Commercial antibodies are widely used to characterize @entity71322 proteins in cells/tissues. Here we validate five different antibodies to detect PHLPP1a/b by Western blot using @entity71322 WT/KO mice. All antibodies recognize PHLPP1b in brain. Only a single antibody (Cosmo Bio Co) detects PHLPP1a (~145-150   kDa). The other four antibodies detect a non-specific signal at ~150   kDa as evidenced by its abundance in @entity71322 KO tissues. Results suggest Cosmo antibody is a better reagent to detect @entity71322 a by Western blot. In contrast, we found it unsuitable for immunofluorescence applications in brain. Our findings caution interpretation of the ~150   kDa band detected by some @entity71322 antibodies in rodent and @entity1 tissues. Results also recapitulate the importance of including molecular weight standards in Western blot data to simplify retrospective analysis.

title: Detection of PHLPP1a/b in XXXX and Mouse Brain by Different Anti-PHLPP1 Antibodies.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether MRI allows the detection of @entity16455 as a sign of repair of @entity79 compared with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) as a reference and whether the presence of @entity16455 on HR-pQCT is linked to @entity603 and @entity4421 on MRI. METHODS: A total of 103 @entity309 @entity1 underwent HR-pQCT and MRI of the dominant hand. The presence and size of @entity2681 and the presence and extent (grades 0-2) of @entity16455 were assessed by both imaging modalities, focusing on @entity57410 and wrist joints. By MRI, the presence and grading of @entity4421 and @entity603 were assessed according to the @entity309 MRI Score (RAMRIS). RESULTS: Parallel evaluation was feasible by both modalities on 126 @entity79 . Signs of @entity16455 were found on 87 @entity2681 by HR-pQCT and on 22 by MRI. False-positive results (MRI(+)CT(-)) accounted for 3%, while false-negative results (MRI(-)CT(+)) accounted for 76%. MRI sensitivity for the detection of @entity16455 was 24% and specificity was 97%. The semi-quantitative scoring of @entity16455 was reliable between MRI and HR-pQCT [intraclass correlation coefficient 0.917 (95% CI 0.884, 0.941), P < 0.001]. The presence of @entity16455 on HR-pQCT showed a trend towards an inverse relationship to the occurrence and extent of @entity4421 on MRI [  (2)(1) = 3.285;    coefficient = -0.124; P = 0.070] but not to @entity603 [  (2)(1) = 0.039;    coefficient = -0.14; P = 0.844]. CONCLUSION: MRI can only rarely detect @entity16455 associated with @entity79 in @entity309 . Indeed, the sensitivity compared with HR-pQCT is limited, while the specificity is high. The presence of @entity4421 makes @entity16455 more unlikely, whereas the presence of @entity603 is not related to @entity16455 .

title: A comparative analysis of magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the hand for the detection of erosion repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity5 progression has been linked to mechanics. Therefore, there has been recent interest in developing noninvasive imaging tools for @entity5 assessment that are sensitive to changes in tissue mechanical properties. We have developed one such method, modality independent elastography (MIE), that estimates the relative elastic properties of tissue by fitting anatomical image volumes acquired before and after the application of compression to biomechanical models. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method using phantoms and a @entity19 @entity0 model. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and the MIE method was used to estimate relative @entity2693 . Accuracy was assessed using phantom data by comparing to gold-standard mechanical testing of elasticity ratios. Validation error was [Formula: see text]. Reproducibility analysis was performed on animal data, and within-subject coefficients of variation ranged from 2 to 13% at the bulk level and 32% at the voxel level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the reproducibility of an elasticity imaging metric in a preclinical @entity5 model. Our results suggest that the MIE method can reproducibly generate accurate estimates of the relative mechanical @entity2693 and provide guidance on the degree of change needed in order to declare biological changes rather than experimental error in future therapeutic studies.

title: Assessing the accuracy and reproducibility of modality independent elastography in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric stiffness', 'stiffness']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5 progression has been linked to mechanics. Therefore, there has been recent interest in developing noninvasive imaging tools for @entity5 assessment that are sensitive to changes in tissue mechanical properties. We have developed one such method, modality independent elastography (MIE), that estimates the relative elastic properties of tissue by fitting anatomical image volumes acquired before and after the application of compression to biomechanical models. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of the method using phantoms and a @entity19 @entity0 model. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, and the MIE method was used to estimate relative @entity2693 . Accuracy was assessed using phantom data by comparing to gold-standard mechanical testing of elasticity ratios. Validation error was [Formula: see text]. Reproducibility analysis was performed on animal data, and within-subject coefficients of variation ranged from 2 to 13% at the bulk level and 32% at the voxel level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the reproducibility of an elasticity imaging metric in a preclinical @entity5 model. Our results suggest that the MIE method can reproducibly generate accurate estimates of the relative mechanical @entity2693 and provide guidance on the degree of change needed in order to declare biological changes rather than experimental error in future therapeutic studies.

title: Assessing the accuracy and reproducibility of modality independent elastography in a XXXX model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity14 is associated with poor prognosis requiring treatment with systemic chemotherapies usually including @entity1487 . A consequence of prolonged treatment is the acquisition of resistance eventually resulting in the recurrence of highly metastatic @entity5 cells. To address the relationship between drug resistance and increased lymphatic metastatic potential, we used a 3D co-culture model of @entity5 cell spheroids of parent CCL227 cells and subclones with gradually increasing resistance against @entity1487 . From each investigated cell line, homogeneous @entity5 spheroids were generated in the presence of methylcellulose yielding emboli of    700   m diameter. When invasive, @entity5 spheroids disrupt the continuous lymphendothelial cell (LEC) layer and generate a "circular chemorepellent induced defect" ( @entity600 ), reminiscent of the entry gates through which @entity5 emboli intravasate lymphatic vasculature. Here we provide evidence that increasingly chemoresistant @entity694 spheroids were strongly associated with enhanced intravasative properties. In na  ve CCL227 spheroids, miR-200 family members were released into exosomes thereby repressing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors @entity18075 and @entity19099 in LEC. As a consequence of attenuated plasticity and migration of LEC, @entity600 formation was impaired. Loss of exosomal transferred @entity18076 in resistant colon cells rendered LEC more susceptible to pro-migratory signals that were generated and directly transmitted by @entity694 spheroids. This observation indicates a common molecular axis in @entity694 and LEC where miR-200 family members act as regulators of ZEB proteins. The data support the notion that horizontal miR-200 signalling prevents the permeation of cells into adjacent epithelia and contributes to organ integrity.

title: Loss of miR-200 family in @entity1487 resistant XXXX drives lymphendothelial invasiveness in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'colon tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Invasive @entity14 is associated with poor prognosis requiring treatment with systemic chemotherapies usually including @entity1487 . A consequence of prolonged treatment is the acquisition of resistance eventually resulting in the recurrence of highly metastatic @entity5 cells. To address the relationship between drug resistance and increased lymphatic metastatic potential, we used a 3D co-culture model of @entity5 cell spheroids of parent CCL227 cells and subclones with gradually increasing resistance against @entity1487 . From each investigated cell line, homogeneous @entity5 spheroids were generated in the presence of methylcellulose yielding emboli of    700   m diameter. When invasive, @entity5 spheroids disrupt the continuous lymphendothelial cell (LEC) layer and generate a "circular chemorepellent induced defect" ( @entity600 ), reminiscent of the entry gates through which @entity5 emboli intravasate lymphatic vasculature. Here we provide evidence that increasingly chemoresistant @entity694 spheroids were strongly associated with enhanced intravasative properties. In na  ve CCL227 spheroids, miR-200 family members were released into exosomes thereby repressing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors @entity18075 and @entity19099 in LEC. As a consequence of attenuated plasticity and migration of LEC, @entity600 formation was impaired. Loss of exosomal transferred @entity18076 in resistant colon cells rendered LEC more susceptible to pro-migratory signals that were generated and directly transmitted by @entity694 spheroids. This observation indicates a common molecular axis in @entity694 and LEC where miR-200 family members act as regulators of ZEB proteins. The data support the notion that horizontal miR-200 signalling prevents the permeation of cells into adjacent epithelia and contributes to organ integrity.

title: Loss of miR-200 family in XXXX resistant @entity694 drives lymphendothelial invasiveness in vitro.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) are at risk for late @entity1370 effects of @entity5 treatment, but conflicting evidence exists on the effects of @entity8253 on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and exercise capacity. PROCEDURE: We performed a cross-sectional study with comprehensive echocardiography in 138 adult survivors of childhood @entity981 , median 23.4 years after diagnosis. Pulsed tissue Doppler measurements of early diastolic mitral annular velocities (e') were used for the assessment of diastolic function, and compared to 138 matched controls. Of the survivors, 133 also performed ergospirometry measuring peak @entity26 uptake (VO2 max). Associations between @entity5 treatment, LV function, and VO2 max were analyzed. RESULTS: The survivor group had lower e' values than controls (e' septal 11.0 vs. 12.6   cm/s, P   <   0.001), but the difference was confined to the subgroup of @entity4349 treated survivors (median cumulative dose 120   mg/m(2) ). @entity4349 exposure was inversely correlated with e' (regression coefficient -1.581, P   =   0.009). Reduced VO2 max/kg occurred in 47% of the survivors, but more often in @entity4349 treated survivors (56%) than @entity4349 na  ve survivors (17%, P   <   0.001). @entity4349 exposure was inversely correlated with VO2 max/kg (regression coefficient -3.084, P   =   0.05 in multivariate analysis). Furthermore, associations were observed between measures of LV function and VO2 max/kg, and e' was the best predictor of VO2 max/kg (standardized coefficient 0.355, P   <   0.001 in multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Adult survivors of childhood @entity981 have increased risk for @entity1002 and impaired exercise capacity, both associated with previous @entity4349 exposure. Furthermore, there is an association between LV diastolic function and exercise capacity. Pediatr @entity5    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Impaired exercise capacity and left ventricular function in long-term adult survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired LV diastolic function']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of separation for @entity295 ( @entity295 ) evaluations due to perinatal risk factors on breastfeeding practices among asymptomatic term newborns. METHODS: This observational study included 692 nulliparous @entity1 with term, singleton uncomplicated pregnancies who intended to breastfeed and whose @entity1 were well appearing at birth. We examined the rate of early breastfeeding initiation (within 2 hours of birth) and formula supplementation (in the first 24 hours) among this mother- @entity1 cohort. RESULTS: Asymptomatic @entity1 separated for @entity295 evaluation within 2 hours of birth were more likely to have delayed initiation of breastfeeding (46.5% vs 12.5%; P < .001). This association remained significant when adjusted for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.4-8.9]; P < .001). Among @entity1 separated for @entity295 evaluation, mother- @entity1 time together of  <=0.5 hour in the first 2 hours of life significantly delayed initiation (aOR: 8.9 [95% CI: 1.5-53.7]; P = .02) compared with @entity1 spending >1.5 hours with their mothers. In bivariate analysis, both separation and initiation were associated with formula supplementation. After adjusting for confounders, only delayed initiation remained significantly associated with supplementation (aOR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.1-3.5]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Early separation of asymptomatic @entity1 from their mothers for @entity295 evaluation was significantly associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding, which in turn was associated with increased formula supplementation in the first day of life. This unintended consequence of @entity295 evaluations among asymptomatic @entity1 may be minimized by delaying early separation for performance of the evaluation, attempting breastfeeding initiation before separation, and/or applying more efficient criteria for identifying @entity1 requiring evaluation.

title: Effect of Early-Onset XXXX Evaluations on In-Hospital Breastfeeding Practices Among Asymptomatic Term Neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['EOS', 'early-onset sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: All well-characterized positive-strand RNA viruses[(+)RNA viruses] induce the formation of host membrane-bound viral replication complexes (VRCs), yet the underlying mechanism and machinery for VRC formation remain elusive. We report here the biogenesis and topology of the @entity71323 (BBSV) replication complex. Distinct cytopathological changes typical of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) aggregation and vesiculation were observed in BBSV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana cells. Immunogold labeling of the auxiliary replication protein @entity10326 and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) revealed that the ER-derived membranous spherules provide the site for BBSV replication. Further studies indicated that @entity10326 plays a crucial role in mediating the ER rearrangement. Three-dimensional electron tomographic analysis revealed the formation of multiple ER-originated vesicle packets. Each vesicle packet enclosed a few to hundreds of independent spherules that were invaginations of the ER membranes into the lumen. Strikingly, these vesicle packets were connected to each other via tubules, a rearrangement event that is rare among other virus-induced membrane reorganizations. Fibrillar contents within the spherules were also reconstructed by electron tomography, which showed diverse structures. Our results provide the first, to our knowledge, three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis of membrane-bound VRCs of a plant (+)RNA virus and should help to achieve a better mechanistic understanding of the organization and microenvironment of plant (+)RNA virus replication complexes. IMPORTANCE: Assembly of virus replication complexes for all known positive-strand RNA viruses depends on the extensive remodeling of host intracellular membranes. @entity71323 , a necrovirus in the family Tombusviridae, invaginates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes to form spherules in infected cells. Double-stranded RNAs, the viral replication intermediate, and the viral auxiliary replication protein @entity10326 are all localized within such viral spherules, indicating that these are the sites for generating progeny viral RNAs. Furthermore, the BBSV @entity10326 protein could to some extent reorganize the ER when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana. Electron tomographic analysis resolves the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of such spherules, which are connected to the cytoplasm via a neck-like structure. Strikingly, different numbers of spherules are enclosed in ER-originated vesicle packets that are connected to each other via tubule-like structures. Our results have significant implications for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses.

title: Morphogenesis of Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane-Invaginated Vesicles during XXXX Infection: Role of Auxiliary Replication Protein and New Implications of Three-Dimensional Architecture.

entities_list: @entity71323 :: ('196375', 'Species') :: ['Beet black scorch virus']

answer: @entity71323 :: (196375,Species) :: ['Beet Black Scorch Virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The rate and impact of @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity1375 after total thyroidectomy for differentiated @entity259 (DTC) have not yet been fully determined. The aim of this study was to assess the rate of TGDR visualization in post total thyroidectomy @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) for DTC and to evaluate its impact on the outcome of I-131 ablation. METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive DTC @entity1 (51 papillary thyroid Ca., and 9 Follicular thyroid Ca.), underwent total thyroidectomy, followed by @entity4653 (using I-131 in 28 @entity1 and I-123 in 32 @entity1 ), neck ultrasound (US), @entity3745 (Tg) and Tg anti-bodies (TgAb) assay after 40 days and subsequent I-131 ablation. At 6 months later follow-up I-131 @entity4653 , neck U/S, Tg and TgAb were performed following suspension of @entity1955 for 1-month (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] >30  IU/ml) in 53 @entity1 and following recombinant @entity1 TSH stimulation in seven @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the studied 60 @entity1 , 19/60 (31.7%) had a linear or focal radioactivity at the superior midline of the neck, suggesting TGDR (Group 1), and 41/60 (68.3%) had no uptake to suggest TGDR (Group 2). No significant difference regarding age, gender and histopathology between both groups. Neck US showed no evidence of thyroid tissue in the superior midline of the neck in both groups, and only a small or no residual thyroid tissue in @entity1 of Group 1. There was a significant successful I-131 ablation rate among @entity1 of group 1 compared to group 2 (79% in Group 1 vs. 41.5% in Group 2) (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Thyroglossal duct remnant visualization on @entity4653 of @entity1375 subjects after total thyroidectomy suggests presence of only a small or no residual functioning thyroid tissue at the thyroid bed and can predict a good response to I-131 ablation.

title: Rate of thyroglossal duct remnant visualization after total thyroidectomy for differentiated XXXX and its impact on clinical outcome of radioactive iodine (I-131) ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['thyroglossal duct remnant (TGDR) visualization']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['WBS', 'whole body scan']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: The effects of substances known to influence lipid peroxidation were studied in @entity840 lung microsomes by measuring the formation of @entity1234 in vitro. Incubation of lung microsomes at 37 degrees C results in lipid peroxidation which appears to be an enzymatic process but is not dependent upon @entity68 . Lipid peroxidation can be initiated non-enzymatically in lung microsomes by @entity8798 , but @entity9050 and @entity596 have very little effect on @entity1234 formation. The effects of @entity1110 on lipid peroxidation are dependent upon the concentration of @entity8798 in the incubation medium. At concentrations of @entity8798 between 0.05 mM and 1 mM, addition of @entity1110 causes an increase in lipid peroxidation over that produced by @entity8798 alone. This stimulation by @entity1110 is an enzymatic process and @entity1391 is required for the maximal effect. Addition of @entity1110 to lung microsomes in the presence of @entity596 does not increase @entity1234 formation over that produced by @entity596 alone, suggesting that @entity1110 does not influence lipid peroxidation by maintaining @entity68 in the reduced form. At concentrations of @entity8798 greater than 1 mM, @entity1110 inhibits @entity8798 -induced lipid peroxidation in normal microsomes and in microsomes in which enzymes have been inactivated with heat. This latter result suggests that the inhibition by @entity1110 is at least partially non-enzymatic. The result suggests that the inhibition by @entity1110 is at least partially non-enzymatic. The results of all of these experiments are discussed and compared with those obtained during lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. We conclude that the processes involved in pulmonary microsomal lipid peroxidation differ significantly from those in hepatic microsomes.

title: Lipid peroxidation in XXXX lung microsomes.

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The rowi is a critically endangered species of kiwi. Young birds on a cr  che island showed loss of feathers from the ventral abdomen and a scurfy @entity272 and vent margin. Histology of skin biopsies identified cutaneous larval migrans, which was shown by molecular sequencing to be possibly from a species of Trichostrongylus as a cause of @entity1909 and occasional ulcerative vent @entity1909 . The predisposing factors that led to this disease are suspected to be the novel exposure of the rowi to parasites from seabirds or marine mammals due to the island cr  che and the limited management of roost boxes. This is the first instance of cutaneous larval migrans to be recorded in birds. Severe and fatal complications of the investigation resulted in the @entity204 of eight birds of @entity2381 and @entity358 associated with the use of bark as a substrate in hospital. Another bird died of @entity177 during the period of hospitalisation despite oral and intravenous fluid therapy. The initiating cause of the @entity177 was not determined. These complications have the potential to undermine the working relationship between wildlife veterinarians and conservation managers. This case highlights that intensive conservation management can result in increased opportunities for novel routes of cross-species pathogen transmission.

title: XXXX in rowi (Apteryx rowi) due to cutaneous larval migrans.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis of the abdominal skin']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis', 'ventral dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Ventral dermatitis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of hepatectomy and primary closure of common bile duct for intrahepatic and extrahepatic calculi. METHODS: From January 2008 to May 2013, anatomic hepatectomy followed by biliary tract exploration without biliary drainage (non-drainage group) was performed in 43 @entity1 with intrahepatic and extrahepatic calculi. After hepatectomy, flexible choledochoscopy was used to extract residual stones and observe the intrahepatic bile duct and common bile duct (CBD) for determination of biliary stricture and dilatation. Function of the sphincter of Oddi was determined by manometry of the CBD. Primary closure of the CBD without T-tube drainage or bilioenteric anastomosis was performed when there was no biliary stricture or @entity1690 . @entity619 and @entity26108 were intravenously injected 2-3 d after surgery to prevent @entity86 due to intraoperative bile duct irrigation, and to maintain relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, respectively. During the same period, anatomic hepatectomy followed by biliary tract exploration with biliary drainage (drainage group) was performed in 48 @entity1 as the control group. @entity260 and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality in either group of @entity1 . Compared to intrahepatic and extrabiliary drainage, hepatectomy with primary closure of the CBD (non-drainage) did not increase the incidence of complications, including residual stones, bile leakage, @entity788 and @entity255 (P > 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay and costs were nevertheless significantly less in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group. The median postoperative hospital stay was shorter in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group (11.2    2.8 d vs 15.4    2.1 d, P = 0.000). The average postoperative cost of treatment was lower in the non-drainage group than in the drainage group (29325.6    5668.2 yuan vs 32933.3    6235.1 yuan, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Hepatectomy followed by choledochoendoscopic stone extraction without biliary drainage is a safe and effective treatment of hepatolithiasis combined with @entity2877 .

title: Hepatectomy with primary closure of common bile duct for hepatolithiasis combined with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity26108 :: ('MESH:C003922', 'Chemical') :: ['anisodamine']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative retrograde infection']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity986 is an important @entity5 suppressor gene (TSG) and aberrant methylation of promoter is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the @entity5 suppressor and @entity5 -related genes. Aberrant TSG methylation was considered an important epigenetic silencing mechanism in the progression of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). However, some studies have reported differences in the methylation frequencies of @entity986 promoter between @entity5 and the corresponding control group. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to better identify the association. METHODS: PubMed, Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association of @entity986 promoter methylation and @entity213 . Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between @entity986 promoter methylation and @entity213 . RESULTS: A total of twenty-one studies with 1155 cases and 1017 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The frequencies of @entity986 promoter methylation in the @entity5 group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( @entity5 group: median: 46.67%, range = 7.84%-95.12%; control group: median: 18.37%, range = 0-83.33%; respectively). The pooled odds ratio was 3.37 (95%CI = 2.32-4.90) in the @entity5 group versus the corresponding control group under the random-effects model. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of 21 published studies identified that aberrant methylation of @entity986 promoter was found to be significantly associated with @entity213 .

title: Association between XXXX Promoter Methylation and @entity213 : A Meta-Analysis of 21 Published Studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['P16INK4a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity986 is an important @entity5 suppressor gene (TSG) and aberrant methylation of promoter is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the @entity5 suppressor and @entity5 -related genes. Aberrant TSG methylation was considered an important epigenetic silencing mechanism in the progression of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). However, some studies have reported differences in the methylation frequencies of @entity986 promoter between @entity5 and the corresponding control group. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to better identify the association. METHODS: PubMed, Ovid, ISI Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association of @entity986 promoter methylation and @entity213 . Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between @entity986 promoter methylation and @entity213 . RESULTS: A total of twenty-one studies with 1155 cases and 1017 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The frequencies of @entity986 promoter methylation in the @entity5 group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( @entity5 group: median: 46.67%, range = 7.84%-95.12%; control group: median: 18.37%, range = 0-83.33%; respectively). The pooled odds ratio was 3.37 (95%CI = 2.32-4.90) in the @entity5 group versus the corresponding control group under the random-effects model. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of 21 published studies identified that aberrant methylation of @entity986 promoter was found to be significantly associated with @entity213 .

title: Association between @entity986 Promoter Methylation and XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of 21 Published Studies.

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['HNSCC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity245 ) are at increased risk of complications from @entity683 . Although the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recognized @entity245 as high-risk conditions for @entity683 complications since 2005, little is known about @entity683 vaccination practices in this population. METHODS: CDC collaborated with Family Voices, a national advocacy group for @entity1 with special healthcare needs, to recruit parents of @entity1 with chronic medical conditions. Parents were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding @entity683 vaccination. The primary outcome of interest was parental report of vaccination, or intent to vaccinate, at the time of survey participation. CDC also collaborated with the American Academy of Pediatrics to recruit primary care and specialty physicians who provide care for high-risk @entity1 , specifically those with neurologic conditions. The primary outcome was physician recognition of ACIP high-risk @entity683 conditions. RESULTS: 2138 surveys were completed by parents of @entity1 with high-risk conditions, including 1143 with at least one NNDD. Overall, 50% of @entity1 with an NNDD were vaccinated, or their parents planned to have them vaccinated against @entity683 . Among all 2138 @entity1 , in multivariable analysis, the presence of a @entity1576 and prior seasonal @entity683 vaccination was significantly associated with receipt or planned current season @entity683 vaccination, but the presence of an NNDD was not. 412 pediatricians completed the provider survey. @entity306 was recognized as a high-risk @entity683 condition by 74% of physician respondents, but @entity302 (51%) and @entity717 (46%) were less commonly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our estimates of @entity683 vaccination in @entity1 with @entity245 are comparable to published reports of vaccination in healthy @entity1 , which continue to be suboptimal. Education of parents of @entity1 with @entity245 and healthcare providers about @entity683 and the benefit of annual @entity683 vaccination is needed.

title: Influenza vaccination in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory condition']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurologic or neurodevelopmental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity245 ) are at increased risk of complications from @entity683 . Although the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recognized @entity245 as high-risk conditions for @entity683 complications since 2005, little is known about @entity683 vaccination practices in this population. METHODS: CDC collaborated with Family Voices, a national advocacy group for @entity1 with special healthcare needs, to recruit parents of @entity1 with chronic medical conditions. Parents were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices surrounding @entity683 vaccination. The primary outcome of interest was parental report of vaccination, or intent to vaccinate, at the time of survey participation. CDC also collaborated with the American Academy of Pediatrics to recruit primary care and specialty physicians who provide care for high-risk @entity1 , specifically those with neurologic conditions. The primary outcome was physician recognition of ACIP high-risk @entity683 conditions. RESULTS: 2138 surveys were completed by parents of @entity1 with high-risk conditions, including 1143 with at least one NNDD. Overall, 50% of @entity1 with an NNDD were vaccinated, or their parents planned to have them vaccinated against @entity683 . Among all 2138 @entity1 , in multivariable analysis, the presence of a @entity1576 and prior seasonal @entity683 vaccination was significantly associated with receipt or planned current season @entity683 vaccination, but the presence of an NNDD was not. 412 pediatricians completed the provider survey. @entity306 was recognized as a high-risk @entity683 condition by 74% of physician respondents, but @entity302 (51%) and @entity717 (46%) were less commonly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Our estimates of @entity683 vaccination in @entity1 with @entity245 are comparable to published reports of vaccination in healthy @entity1 , which continue to be suboptimal. Education of parents of @entity1 with @entity245 and healthcare providers about @entity683 and the benefit of annual @entity683 vaccination is needed.

title: Influenza vaccination in XXXX with @entity16 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Needle aspirates from 53 inflamed cervical lymph glands were studies for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycobacteria. Bacterial growth was achieved in 45 @entity1 (85%). Sixty-six bacterial isolates were recovered, averaging 1.5 isolates per specimen (0.8 aerobes and 0.7 anaerobes), with as many as 4 isolates in some specimens. Aerobic organisms alone were recovered in 27 aspirates (60%) of the 45 culture-positive aspirates, anaerobic bacteria alone in 8 (18%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 9 specimens (20%). Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was recovered in one (2%). The predominant aerobic organisms were @entity794 (14 isolates) and group A beta hemolytic streptococci (8). A total of 31 anaerobes were recovered, including gram-positive cocci (9, including 6 Peptococcus sp. and 3 Peptostreptococcus sp.), 8 Bacteroides sp. (including 3 @entity11625 ), 5 @entity5478 , and 4 @entity8209 . These data demonstrate the role of anaerobic organisms in cervical @entity3298 and the need to culture aspirated material for both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cervical XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity11625 :: ('28132', 'Species') :: ['B. melaninogenicus']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['adenitis']


abstract: Needle aspirates from 53 inflamed cervical lymph glands were studies for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycobacteria. Bacterial growth was achieved in 45 @entity1 (85%). Sixty-six bacterial isolates were recovered, averaging 1.5 isolates per specimen (0.8 aerobes and 0.7 anaerobes), with as many as 4 isolates in some specimens. Aerobic organisms alone were recovered in 27 aspirates (60%) of the 45 culture-positive aspirates, anaerobic bacteria alone in 8 (18%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 9 specimens (20%). Mycobacterium scrofulaceum was recovered in one (2%). The predominant aerobic organisms were @entity794 (14 isolates) and group A beta hemolytic streptococci (8). A total of 31 anaerobes were recovered, including gram-positive cocci (9, including 6 Peptococcus sp. and 3 Peptostreptococcus sp.), 8 Bacteroides sp. (including 3 @entity11625 ), 5 @entity5478 , and 4 @entity8209 . These data demonstrate the role of anaerobic organisms in cervical @entity3298 and the need to culture aspirated material for both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology of cervical @entity3298 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity101 emergency has a high mortality risk and the treatment goal is to quickly lower blood pressure with intravenous (IV) medications. Characteristics that are associated with non-response to IV antihypertensives have not been identified. The objective is to identify @entity1 characteristics associated with resistance to IV antihypertensives. METHODS: This was a subanalysis of @entity1 enrolled in the previously described comparative effectiveness trial of IV @entity3360 vs. @entity6555 use in the emergency department (CLUE) study, a randomized trial of @entity3360 vs. @entity6555 . Non-responders were defined as those @entity1 who did not achieve target systolic blood pressure (SBP), as set by the treating physician, within thirty minutes of IV antihypertensive medication, +/- 20mmHg. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify covariates associated with the measurement outcomes. RESULTS: CLUE enrolled 226 @entity1 , 52.7% female, 76.4% black, mean age of 52.6  14.6 years, of whom 110 were treated with @entity3360 and 116 with @entity6555 . The median (IQR) initial systolic blood pressure was 211mmHg (198, 226), 210 (200, 230), and 211mmHg (198, 226), for the total, non-responder, and responder cohorts, respectively (p-value=0.65, 95% CI [-5.8-11.3]). Twenty-nine were non-responders, 9 in the @entity3360 and 20 in the @entity6555 group. In univariate analysis, several symptoms suggestive of @entity16 were associated with non-response. After multiple variable logistic regression (AUC = 0.72), treatment with @entity6555 (OR 2.7, 95% CI [1.1-6.7]), history of @entity64 (OR 5.4, 95% CI [1.6-18.5]), and being male (OR 3.3, 95% CI [1.4-8.1]) were associated with failure to achieve target blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Male gender and history of previous @entity64 are associated with difficult to control blood pressure.

title: Characteristics of XXXX That Do Not Initially Respond to Intravenous Antihypertensives in the Emergency Department: Subanalysis of the CLUE Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['end organ damage']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many @entity1 with @entity162 in the United States experience a deteriorating course of @entity221 despite naturalistic treatment in the community. We examined a variety of factors associated with this pattern of @entity221 progression. METHOD: From 1995 to 2002, we studied 634 adult outpatients with @entity162 (mean age of 40 years) emanating from 4 sites in the United States. @entity1 gave informed consent and completed a detailed questionnaire about demographic, vulnerability, and course-of- @entity221 factors and indicated whether their @entity221 had shown a pattern of increasing frequency or severity of @entity162 or @entity308 episodes. Fifteen factors previously linked in the literature to a poor outcome were examined for their relationship to @entity221 progression using Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a 2-sample Wilcoxon rank sum (Mann-Whitney) test,   (2), and logistical regression. RESULTS: All of the putative poor prognosis factors occurred with a high incidence, and, with the exception of @entity28 , were significantly (P < .05) associated with @entity221 progression. These factors included indicators of genetic and psychosocial risk and loss of social support, early onset, long delay to first treatment, @entity148 and @entity734 comorbidity, rapid cycling in any year, and the occurrence of more than 20 prior episodes prior to entering the network. A greater number of factors were linearly associated with the likelihood of a progressively worsening course. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple genetic, psychosocial, and @entity221 factors were associated with a deteriorating course of @entity162 from onset to study entry in adulthood. The identification of these factors provides important targets for earlier and more effective therapeutic intervention in the hope of achieving a more benign course of @entity162 .

title: Illness progression as a function of independent and accumulating poor prognosis factors in outpatients with XXXX in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parathyroid cells release @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ), which controls @entity460 homeostasis. Loss of parathyroid cells results in @entity261 and consequent low-turnover @entity79 . Here, we investigated whether our recently-established @entity1 tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) restore in  vivo parathyroid cell function in @entity35 with parathyroidectomy (PTX). Compared with undifferentiated control TMSC, TMSC differentiated with @entity18760 and soluble sonic hedgehog induced a significant release of @entity4727 as early as day 7, with increased @entity4727 release occurring in response to lower @entity460 levels and vice versa. Released @entity4727 increased @entity9356 expression and @entity622 red S staining in preosteoblastic cells, indicating its functional activity. PTX @entity35 fed @entity460 -free diet only survived for    10 days. Subcutaneous injection with TMSC alone did not increase their survival rates, regardless of differentiation. However, survival rates increased for up to 28 days in response to TMSC embedded in Matrigel (TMSC-MA), showing 40% and 80% in control and differentiated TMSC-MA, respectively. When compared with continuous increases by control TMSC-MA, stable levels of secreted @entity4727 and serum ionized @entity460 were found in @entity4045 @entity35 with differentiated TMSC-MA. This is the first report that differentiated TMSC resemble parathyroid cells and, if embedded in Matrigel, restore in  vivo parathyroid function.

title: Differentiated tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells embedded in Matrigel restore parathyroid cell functions in XXXX with parathyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity2194 has become an important health problem. A lack of concordance between self-reported symptoms and the outcome of @entity936 has raised questions about @entity2194 . OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between subjective happiness and objective and subjective symptoms of @entity2194 . DESIGN: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. SETTING: All the employees of a company in Osaka, Japan. @entity1 : 672 Japanese office workers using Visual Display Terminals (age range: 26-64 years). METHODS: The @entity936 measurement tools included the Schirmer test, conjunctivocorneal staining, the tear film break-up time, as well as the administration of a @entity936 questionnaire. @entity5427 was measured by the Subjective @entity5427 Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity936 , @entity936 questionnaires, and the Subjective @entity5427 Scale score. RESULTS: Of the 672 workers, 561 (83.5%) completed the questionnaires and examinations. The mean Subjective @entity5427 Scale score was 4.91 (SD = 1.01). This score was inversely correlated with the @entity936 score (r = -0.188, p < 0.001), but was not associated with objective findings which include conjunctivocorneal staining, low Schirmer test score, or low tear film break-up time. The level of subjective happiness was the lowest in the group without objective results, but reported subjective symptoms of @entity936 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There is evidence of the relationship between subjective happiness and self-reported symptoms of @entity936 . Findings of this study revealed a new perspective on @entity2194 , including the potential for innovative treatments of a specific population with @entity2194 .

title: Associations between Subjective XXXX and @entity2194 : A New Perspective from the Osaka Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease', 'Dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye examinations', 'Dry eye examination parameters', 'dry eye', 'dry eye symptom', 'dry eyes', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Happiness']

answer: @entity5427 :: (MESH:D017204,Disease) :: ['Happiness']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity2194 has become an important health problem. A lack of concordance between self-reported symptoms and the outcome of @entity936 has raised questions about @entity2194 . OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between subjective happiness and objective and subjective symptoms of @entity2194 . DESIGN: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. SETTING: All the employees of a company in Osaka, Japan. @entity1 : 672 Japanese office workers using Visual Display Terminals (age range: 26-64 years). METHODS: The @entity936 measurement tools included the Schirmer test, conjunctivocorneal staining, the tear film break-up time, as well as the administration of a @entity936 questionnaire. @entity5427 was measured by the Subjective @entity5427 Scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity936 , @entity936 questionnaires, and the Subjective @entity5427 Scale score. RESULTS: Of the 672 workers, 561 (83.5%) completed the questionnaires and examinations. The mean Subjective @entity5427 Scale score was 4.91 (SD = 1.01). This score was inversely correlated with the @entity936 score (r = -0.188, p < 0.001), but was not associated with objective findings which include conjunctivocorneal staining, low Schirmer test score, or low tear film break-up time. The level of subjective happiness was the lowest in the group without objective results, but reported subjective symptoms of @entity936 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There is evidence of the relationship between subjective happiness and self-reported symptoms of @entity936 . Findings of this study revealed a new perspective on @entity2194 , including the potential for innovative treatments of a specific population with @entity2194 .

title: Associations between Subjective @entity5427 and XXXX : A New Perspective from the Osaka Study.

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small studies suggest an association of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSAs) with @entity177 (GF) following haploidentical stem cell transplantation, but primary graft rejection (GR) was not discriminated from primary poor graft function (PGF). In this study, we aimed to determine the association of DSAs with primary GF, including GR and PGF, in @entity1 who underwent unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation. METHODS: A total of 345 subjects were prospectively recruited and randomly selected as training group (n   =   173) and validation group (n   =   172). Patient plasma/serum was screened. For HLA antibody positive samples with a median fluorescent intensity (MFI) >500, DSAs were further tested using a LABScreen Single Antigen Kit (One Lambda). RESULTS: A total of 342 @entity1 (99.1  %) achieved sustained myeloid engraftment. The median times to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were 13  days (range, 8-28 days) and 18  days (range, 6-330 days), respectively. The cumulative incidence of primary GF was 6.4        1.3  % and included GR (0.9        0.5  %) and PGF (5.5        1.2  %). Of the 345 cases tested, 39 (11.3  %) were DSA positive. Multivariate models showed that DSAs (MFI   >=    10,000) were correlated to primary GR (P   <   0.001) and that DSAs (MFI   >=    2000) were strongly associated with primary PGF (P   =   0.005). All @entity1 were classified into three groups for analysis. Group A included cases that were DSA negative and those with a DSA MFI <2000 (n   =   316), group B included cases with a 2000    <=   MFI   <   10,000 (n   =   19), and group C included cases with a MFI >= 10,000 (n   =   10). The DSAs were associated with an increased incidence of the primary GF (3.2 vs. 31.6 vs. 60  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   <   0.001), transplant-related mortality (TRM) rate (17.2 vs. 14.7 vs. 33.3  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   =   0.022), and inferior overall survival ( @entity3012 , 77.3 vs. 85.3 vs. 44.4  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   =   0.015). The primary GF was independently associated with a higher incidence of TRM (P   <   0.001), inferior disease-free survival (P   <   0.001), and @entity3012 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed the effect of DSAs on primary GF, including GR and PGF, and survival. Our results suggest incorporating DSAs in the algorithm for haploidentical donor selection.

title: Donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies were associated with XXXX after unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation: a prospective study with randomly assigned training and validation sets.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['primary graft failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no reports of studies in @entity1 with pelvic @entity511 treated with @entity505 ion radiotherapy (CIRT), the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of CIRT for @entity1 with @entity511 . METHODS: The medical records of 31 @entity1 with @entity511 treated either by surgical resection or by CIRT between 1983 and 2014 were reviewed. There were 22 males and 9 females with a median age of 43  years (range 16-77  years). The median duration of follow-up was 66  months (range 5-289  months). Twenty-four @entity1 underwent surgery, and 7 @entity1 received CIRT (70.4  GyE in 16 fractions over 4  weeks). RESULTS: The overall local recurrence rate was 32  %, and the estimated overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 72 and 57  %, respectively. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 59  %. The treatment procedures (surgery or CIRT) did not affect overall survival (P  =  0.347). However, the @entity1 who underwent surgery had impaired function compared with those who received CIRT (P  =  0.03). CONCLUSION: Although more @entity1 need to be monitored to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of CIRT for @entity1 with @entity511 , this treatment might offer an acceptable alternative.

title: Comparison of clinical and functional outcome between surgical treatment and @entity505 ion radiotherapy for pelvic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcoma of the pelvis']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As there are no reports of studies in @entity1 with pelvic @entity511 treated with @entity505 ion radiotherapy (CIRT), the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of CIRT for @entity1 with @entity511 . METHODS: The medical records of 31 @entity1 with @entity511 treated either by surgical resection or by CIRT between 1983 and 2014 were reviewed. There were 22 males and 9 females with a median age of 43  years (range 16-77  years). The median duration of follow-up was 66  months (range 5-289  months). Twenty-four @entity1 underwent surgery, and 7 @entity1 received CIRT (70.4  GyE in 16 fractions over 4  weeks). RESULTS: The overall local recurrence rate was 32  %, and the estimated overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 72 and 57  %, respectively. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 59  %. The treatment procedures (surgery or CIRT) did not affect overall survival (P  =  0.347). However, the @entity1 who underwent surgery had impaired function compared with those who received CIRT (P  =  0.03). CONCLUSION: Although more @entity1 need to be monitored to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of CIRT for @entity1 with @entity511 , this treatment might offer an acceptable alternative.

title: Comparison of clinical and functional outcome between surgical treatment and XXXX ion radiotherapy for pelvic @entity511 .

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin (BT) injection reduces lower esophageal sphincter pressure and alleviates symptoms in idiopathic @entity1318 (IA). @entity21780 (EO) has also been introduced for the treatment of IA. We compared the long-term efficacy of BT and EO injections in the treatment of IA. METHODS: A total of 189 IA @entity1 were evaluated prospectively, of whom 21 were unwilling to undergo or were poor candidates for @entity384 and Heller myotomy and were enrolled in the study. Eleven @entity1 were treated by BT, and 10 by EO injections. @entity1 were followed up by @entity1318 symptom score (ASS), timed barium esophagogram (TBE), and high-resolution manometry at baseline and post-treatment. A good initial response was defined as a decrease in ASS to 4 or less, and a reduction in barium column height and volume in TBE by >50%. RESULTS: All 10 EO group @entity1 and 10 of 11 BT group @entity1 showed a good initial response. Four EO group relapsers and 6 BT group relapsers were managed effectively by re-injections. Mean duration of follow up was 27.38 months. On completion of the study, a sustained good response was seen in 9 and 6 @entity1 in EO and BT groups, respectively (P=0.149). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that BT and EO have comparable efficacy in the treatment of IA. However, the cost of EO is about 2 times lower than BT.

title: Ethanolamine oleate versus botulinum toxin in the treatment of idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity21780 :: ('MESH:C033343', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanolamine oleate']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by the deposition of b-amyloid (Ab) senile plaques and tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles. Other disease features include neuroinflammation and cholinergic @entity179 , indicating their possible importance in disease propagation. Recent studies have shown that monocytic cells can migrate into the @entity195 brain toward Ab plaques and reduce plaque burden. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of intravenous infusions of 'young' @entity3804 -positive (+) monocytes into an @entity195 @entity19 model can enhance Ab plaque clearance and attenuate @entity73 . Peripheral monocytes were isolated from two-week-old wildtype @entity19 using the Pluriselect @entity3804 + isolation method and characterized by @entity10062 analysis for surface marker expression and effective phagocytosis of 1  m fluorescent microspheres, @entity2823 -Dextran or @entity2823 -Ab1-42. The isolated monocytes were infused via the tail vein into a transgenic @entity195 @entity19 model, which expresses the Swedish, Dutch/Iowa APP mutations (APPSwDI). The infusions began when animals reached 5 months of age, when little plaque deposition is apparent and were repeated again at 6 and 7 months of age. At 8 months of age, brains were analyzed for Ab+ plaques, inflammatory processes and microglial ( @entity9271 ) activation. Our data show that infusions of two-week-old @entity3804 + monocytes into adult APPSwDI @entity19 results in a transient improvement of memory function, a reduction (30%) in Ab plaque load and significantly in small (<20  m) and large (>40  m) plaques. In addition, we observe a reduction in @entity9271 + cells, as well as no marked elevations in cytokine levels or other indicators of @entity32 . Taken together, our findings indicate that young @entity3804 + monocytes may serve as therapeutic candidates for improved Ab clearance in @entity195 .

title: Intravenous Infusion of Monocytes Isolated from 2-Week-Old XXXX Enhances Clearance of Beta-Amyloid Plaques in an Alzheimer @entity19 Model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterized by the deposition of b-amyloid (Ab) senile plaques and tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles. Other disease features include neuroinflammation and cholinergic @entity179 , indicating their possible importance in disease propagation. Recent studies have shown that monocytic cells can migrate into the @entity195 brain toward Ab plaques and reduce plaque burden. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of intravenous infusions of 'young' @entity3804 -positive (+) monocytes into an @entity195 @entity19 model can enhance Ab plaque clearance and attenuate @entity73 . Peripheral monocytes were isolated from two-week-old wildtype @entity19 using the Pluriselect @entity3804 + isolation method and characterized by @entity10062 analysis for surface marker expression and effective phagocytosis of 1  m fluorescent microspheres, @entity2823 -Dextran or @entity2823 -Ab1-42. The isolated monocytes were infused via the tail vein into a transgenic @entity195 @entity19 model, which expresses the Swedish, Dutch/Iowa APP mutations (APPSwDI). The infusions began when animals reached 5 months of age, when little plaque deposition is apparent and were repeated again at 6 and 7 months of age. At 8 months of age, brains were analyzed for Ab+ plaques, inflammatory processes and microglial ( @entity9271 ) activation. Our data show that infusions of two-week-old @entity3804 + monocytes into adult APPSwDI @entity19 results in a transient improvement of memory function, a reduction (30%) in Ab plaque load and significantly in small (<20  m) and large (>40  m) plaques. In addition, we observe a reduction in @entity9271 + cells, as well as no marked elevations in cytokine levels or other indicators of @entity32 . Taken together, our findings indicate that young @entity3804 + monocytes may serve as therapeutic candidates for improved Ab clearance in @entity195 .

title: Intravenous Infusion of Monocytes Isolated from 2-Week-Old @entity19 Enhances Clearance of Beta-Amyloid Plaques in an Alzheimer XXXX Model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Filamentous tau inclusions are hallmarks of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and other @entity179 . An increasing number of studies implicate the cell-to-cell propagation of tau pathology in the progression of @entity13859 . We recently showed (Iba et al., J Neurosci 33:1024-1037, 2013) that inoculation of preformed synthetic tau fibrils (tau PFFs) into the hippocampus of young transgenic (Tg) @entity19 (PS19) overexpressing @entity1 @entity18825 mutant tau induced robust tau pathology in anatomically connected brain regions including the locus coeruleus (LC). Since Braak and colleagues hypothesized that the LC is the first brain structure to develop tau lesions and since LC has widespread connections throughout the CNS, LC neurons could be the critical initiators of the stereotypical spreading of tau pathology through connectome-dependent transmission of pathological tau in @entity195 . Here, we report that injections of tau PFFs into the LC of PS19 @entity19 induced propagation of tau pathology to major afferents and efferents of the LC. Notably, tau pathology propagated along LC efferent projections was localized not only to axon terminals but also to neuronal perikarya, suggesting transneuronal transfer of templated tau pathology to neurons receiving LC projections. Further, brainstem neurons giving rise to major LC afferents also developed perikaryal tau pathology. Surprisingly, while tangle-bearing neurons degenerated in the LC ipsilateral to the injection site starting 6  months post-injection, no neuron loss was seen in the contralateral LC wherein tangle-bearing neurons gradually cleared tau pathology by 6-12  months post-injection. However, the spreading pattern of tau pathology observed in our LC-injected @entity19 is different from that in @entity195 brains since hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, which are affected in early stages of @entity195 , were largely spared of tau inclusions in our model. Thus, while our study tested critical aspects of the Braak hypothesis of tau pathology spread, this novel @entity19 model provides unique opportunities to elucidate mechanisms underlying the selective vulnerability of neurons to acquire tau pathology and succumb to or resist tau-mediated @entity179 .

title: Tau pathology spread in PS19 tau XXXX following locus coeruleus (LC) injections of synthetic tau fibrils is determined by the LC's afferent and efferent connections.

entities_list: @entity13859 :: ('MESH:D024801', 'Disease') :: ['tauopathies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative tauopathies']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) significantly decreases local recurrence in @entity1 with @entity5 . Although various biomarkers in biopsy specimens obtained before starting CRT have been examined, reliable prognostic factors have yet to be established. We tested the hypothesis that biopsy specimens obtained soon after the start of CRT can be used as prognostic factors. METHODS: Preoperative CRT was given to 70 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 . Biopsies were taken before and about 7  days after starting CRT. The specimens were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE), and the expressions of Ki67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 and apoptosis were evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The expressions of Ki67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 and apoptosis before treatment were not significantly related to histologic response or @entity5 shrinkage. In specimens obtained about 7  days after CRT began, marked histologic regression was significantly higher in @entity3544 -positive, apoptosis-positive cases, and in cases with moderate changes on HE specimens (p  =  0.017, p  =  0.010, and p  =  0.004, respectively). The @entity5 shrinkage was significantly higher in apoptosis-positive cases and cases with moderate changes on HE specimens (p  =  0.002 and p  <  0.001, respectively). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly higher in @entity1 who had marked regression than in those who did not (p  =  0.019). DFS was also significantly higher in @entity1 with moderate changes on HE specimens than in those with mild changes (p  =  0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Changes on HE-stained biopsy specimens obtained about 1  week after starting CRT are a reliable prognostic factor, similar to histologic marked regression in resected specimens; a major advantage is that the former results are available at an early phase.

title: Predictive markers of chemoradiotherapy for XXXX : comparison of biopsy specimens taken before and about 1  week after the start of chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 who live in food-insecure households face significant unmet health needs. At the same time, this population may be under-represented in clinical research studies because of the population's limited and intermittent engagement with the health care system. We describe preliminary results of a research partnership between UT Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) and Crossroads Community Services (CCS), the largest charitable food distributor of the North Texas Food Bank. The goal of the study is to improve understanding of this population's health- and mammography-related needs, knowledge and service utilization. Eight structured focus groups were conducted in English (n = 4) and Spanish (n = 4) at CCS. Discussions focused on 13 open-ended questions designed to solicit group communication about members' health status, healthcare access, mammography awareness and utilization, and attitudes toward participation in future health research. @entity1 included 42 CCS clients, about 90% of whom were Hispanic or African-American @entity1 . Key findings include: (1) @entity1 reported multiple co-morbid conditions among themselves and household members, yet utilization of health services was cost-dependent and often limited to emergency triage. (2) Many @entity1 did not know what a mammogram was and utilization was closely linked to having health insurance, which most did not. (3) Despite reporting numerous daily life challenges, the majority were interested in participating in future research-related focus groups as a means of communicating their health needs and obtaining information and emotional support from peers. Recruitment from charitable food distribution sites will target a high-need, underserved population. The community-academic partnership between CCS and UTSW has created a robust foundation for @entity5 prevention research that has already produced important insights about the population's needs and willingness to participate in research. Ongoing research is focused on implementing longitudinal health assessments of CCS clients. These data will be used to guide future interventions to increase awareness and utilization of @entity5 prevention services, e.g. mammography, in a population facing multiple barriers to care.

title: Charitable Food Distribution Sites Offer Novel Opportunities for XXXX Prevention Research and Intervention Among Vulnerable, Hard-to-reach, and Underserved Populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate CT number (CTN) changes in gross @entity5 volume (GTV) and organ at risk (OAR) according to daily diagnostic-quality CT acquired during CT-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy for @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Computed tomography scans acquired using a CT-on-rails during daily CT-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy for 15 @entity1 with stage II to @entity957 of the @entity135 were analyzed. The GTV, parotid glands, spinal cord, and nonspecified tissue were generated on each selected daily CT. The changes in CTN distributions and the mean and mode values were collected. Pearson analysis was used to assess the correlation between the CTN change, organ volume reduction, and delivered radiation dose. RESULTS: Volume and CTN changes for GTV and parotid glands can be observed during radiation therapy delivery for @entity135 . The mean (  SD) CTNs in GTV and ipsi- and contralateral parotid glands were reduced by 6    10, 8    7, and 11    10 Hounsfield units, respectively, for all @entity1 studied. The mean CTN changes in both spinal cord and nonspecified tissue were almost invisible (<2 Hounsfield units). For 2 @entity1 studied, the absolute mean CTN changes in GTV and parotid glands were strongly correlated with the dose delivered (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively). For the correlation between CTN reductions and delivered isodose bins for parotid glands, the Pearson coefficient varied from -0.98 (P<.001) in regions with low-dose bins to 0.96 (P<.001) in high-dose bins and were @entity1 specific. CONCLUSIONS: The CTN can be reduced in @entity5 and parotid glands during the course of radiation therapy for @entity135 . There was a fair correlation between CTN reduction and radiation doses for a subset of @entity1 , whereas the correlation between CTN reductions and volume reductions in GTV and parotid glands were weak. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism for the radiation-induced CTN changes.

title: Computed Tomography Number Changes Observed During Computed Tomography-Guided Radiation Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['IVa squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']