abstract: Falls are a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among the elderly in the United States. Despite the importance of @entity130 , epidemiological studies of falls among the elderly have identified neither their causes nor the methods to prevent them. Therefore, we established a community-based surveillance system in Miami Beach, Florida, as part of a study to assess falls among the elderly. A total of 1,827 @entity130 events occurred in this community between July 1985 and June 1986. More than 85% (1,567) of the @entity1 who fell and received care were seen in an emergency room. The remaining cases were identified from one of the three other sources used: fire rescue reports, inpatient medical records, or medical examiner reports. Most falls (97%) were coded as accidental (E880-E888). More than 100 @entity1 sought medical assistance for a fall each month. The time of the injury was known for 68% (1,244) of the @entity1 who fell. Seventy-four percent of these falls (921) occurred during daylight hours. Fifty-four percent of the falls (986) occurred in and around the home, and 38% of these had a particular area of the home recorded: 42% occurred in the bedroom, 34% in the bathroom, 9% in the kitchen, 5% on the stairs, 4% in the living room, and the remaining 6% in other areas. This surveillance system will help us use the study to clarify the causes of falls in the elderly and identify and evaluate appropriate prevention efforts. It will also help others in designing and implementing other @entity1317 .

title: XXXX among the elderly. Community-based surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['injury surveillance systems']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['fall injuries', 'fall injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Fall injuries']


abstract: @entity558 ( @entity558 ) prepared from bone marrow (BM) or spleen (SPL) cells from @entity19 injected with @entity1421 in doses ranging from 0.0001 to 10 micrograms was found to contain an activity inhibitory to the proliferation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-GM). This activity was found in medium conditioned for 24 to 48 h, but was not present in medium conditioned for longer time intervals. BM cells from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 incubated over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 x 10(6) cells/ml and SPL cells over a range of 1.0 to 10 x 10(6) cells/ml produced @entity558 with equivalent degrees of inhibition for CFU-GM proliferation. Titration of this activity revealed a significant inhibitory effect still present at a 1/256 dilution. Inhibitory activity was similar whether or not @entity558 was prepared in the presence or absence of FCS. Inhibition of CFU-GM development was approximately equal in the presence of either PWM SPL @entity558 or L cell @entity558 as sources of CSF activity. Morphologic analysis of CFU-GM revealed an equivalent inhibition of monocyte, monocyte-neutrophil, and neutrophil CFU-GM by the @entity1421 -stimulated inhibitory activity. Equivalent picogram amounts of @entity5014 were measured in @entity558 derived from BM or SPL cells from either control or @entity1421 -treated @entity19 , indicating a low probability that injected @entity1421 was carried over in the @entity558 and contributed to CFU-GM inhibition. Protease digestion of BM or SPL cell @entity558 from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 revealed a loss of inhibitory activity after trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and neuraminidase treatment. Inhibitory activity was also ablated by heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 5 min. @entity3323 -agarose gel filtration of BM @entity558 revealed an active inhibitory fraction in the Mr range of 5.5 to 8.0 kDa. The results of the present study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which @entity1421 exerts its in vivo myelopoietic inhibitory action may be by stimulating the production of an inhibitory factor or factors from BM and SPL cells.

title: In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by XXXX . IV. @entity1421 induction of myelopoietic inhibitory activity.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylamide']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: @entity558 ( @entity558 ) prepared from bone marrow (BM) or spleen (SPL) cells from @entity19 injected with @entity1421 in doses ranging from 0.0001 to 10 micrograms was found to contain an activity inhibitory to the proliferation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-GM). This activity was found in medium conditioned for 24 to 48 h, but was not present in medium conditioned for longer time intervals. BM cells from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 incubated over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 x 10(6) cells/ml and SPL cells over a range of 1.0 to 10 x 10(6) cells/ml produced @entity558 with equivalent degrees of inhibition for CFU-GM proliferation. Titration of this activity revealed a significant inhibitory effect still present at a 1/256 dilution. Inhibitory activity was similar whether or not @entity558 was prepared in the presence or absence of FCS. Inhibition of CFU-GM development was approximately equal in the presence of either PWM SPL @entity558 or L cell @entity558 as sources of CSF activity. Morphologic analysis of CFU-GM revealed an equivalent inhibition of monocyte, monocyte-neutrophil, and neutrophil CFU-GM by the @entity1421 -stimulated inhibitory activity. Equivalent picogram amounts of @entity5014 were measured in @entity558 derived from BM or SPL cells from either control or @entity1421 -treated @entity19 , indicating a low probability that injected @entity1421 was carried over in the @entity558 and contributed to CFU-GM inhibition. Protease digestion of BM or SPL cell @entity558 from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 revealed a loss of inhibitory activity after trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and neuraminidase treatment. Inhibitory activity was also ablated by heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 5 min. @entity3323 -agarose gel filtration of BM @entity558 revealed an active inhibitory fraction in the Mr range of 5.5 to 8.0 kDa. The results of the present study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which @entity1421 exerts its in vivo myelopoietic inhibitory action may be by stimulating the production of an inhibitory factor or factors from BM and SPL cells.

title: In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by @entity1421 . IV. XXXX induction of myelopoietic inhibitory activity.

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: We have investigated whether cholera toxin (CT)- or pertussis toxin (IAP)-sensitive G proteins are involved in ovine (o) PRL-stimulated mitogenesis in the lactogen-dependent @entity35 @entity42990 @entity706 cell line. Addition of IAP to medium caused a biphasic effect on @entity21788 -stimulated cell number. Low doses (10(-3) ng/ml) enhanced (mean +/- SEM, 15 +/- 3%) whereas higher doses (greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml) inhibited (24 +/- 3%) mitogenesis stimulated by a submaximal dose of @entity21788 (0.1 ng/ml) compared to control values. The @entity268 analog @entity5987 also had a biphasic effect on cell division stimulated by submaximal doses of PRL. Low doses (10(-5) M) enhanced whereas higher doses (10(-3) M) inhibited @entity42990 cell growth in response to PRL. Incubation with CT only inhibited @entity21788 -stimulated mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition (63 +/- 7%) occurred at a concentration of 10 ng/ml or more. @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) enhanced mitogenesis stimulated by PRL alone and in the presence of either stimulatory or inhibitory doses of IAP, but @entity4515 did not block IAP inhibition. In contrast, @entity4515 had no effect on cells incubated with CT; the inhibition of PRL-stimulated cell division by CT remained unchanged. Lactogenic receptor-binding sites per cell and affinity were not significantly affected by @entity4515 , IAP, or CT, suggesting a postreceptor mechanism of action. In summary, these data demonstrate that @entity268 modifies PRL-stimulated @entity42990 cell mitogenesis. The differences between IAP and CT (i.e. biphasic effect, degree of inhibition, and differential effect of @entity4515 ) suggest that these agents could also modulate PRL actions in the @entity42990 cell through different mechanisms, including a @entity268 -independent pathway.

title: Modulation of prolactin-stimulated @entity42990 XXXX cell mitogenesis by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['node lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: We have investigated whether cholera toxin (CT)- or pertussis toxin (IAP)-sensitive G proteins are involved in ovine (o) PRL-stimulated mitogenesis in the lactogen-dependent @entity35 @entity42990 @entity706 cell line. Addition of IAP to medium caused a biphasic effect on @entity21788 -stimulated cell number. Low doses (10(-3) ng/ml) enhanced (mean +/- SEM, 15 +/- 3%) whereas higher doses (greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml) inhibited (24 +/- 3%) mitogenesis stimulated by a submaximal dose of @entity21788 (0.1 ng/ml) compared to control values. The @entity268 analog @entity5987 also had a biphasic effect on cell division stimulated by submaximal doses of PRL. Low doses (10(-5) M) enhanced whereas higher doses (10(-3) M) inhibited @entity42990 cell growth in response to PRL. Incubation with CT only inhibited @entity21788 -stimulated mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition (63 +/- 7%) occurred at a concentration of 10 ng/ml or more. @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) enhanced mitogenesis stimulated by PRL alone and in the presence of either stimulatory or inhibitory doses of IAP, but @entity4515 did not block IAP inhibition. In contrast, @entity4515 had no effect on cells incubated with CT; the inhibition of PRL-stimulated cell division by CT remained unchanged. Lactogenic receptor-binding sites per cell and affinity were not significantly affected by @entity4515 , IAP, or CT, suggesting a postreceptor mechanism of action. In summary, these data demonstrate that @entity268 modifies PRL-stimulated @entity42990 cell mitogenesis. The differences between IAP and CT (i.e. biphasic effect, degree of inhibition, and differential effect of @entity4515 ) suggest that these agents could also modulate PRL actions in the @entity42990 cell through different mechanisms, including a @entity268 -independent pathway.

title: Modulation of prolactin-stimulated XXXX @entity706 cell mitogenesis by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin.

answer: @entity42990 :: (114589(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Nb2']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity53 and @entity1420 on the synthesis of oviduct-specific proteins and to determine if there were changes in the synthesis of these proteins in different regions of the oviduct. Ovariectomized females were either untreated, treated with @entity53 for 7 or 14 days, or primed with @entity53 for 14 days and then treated with @entity53 plus @entity1420 or @entity1420 alone for either 7 or 14 days. Oviducts were incubated in the presence of labeled @entity1853 or @entity4823 for 24 h at 37 C, and the culture medium was then analyzed by one- and two-dimensional (2-D) @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. A family of macromolecules [mol wt (Mr), 100,000-130,000] was only present in the animals treated with @entity53 for 7 or 14 days. 2-D analysis demonstrated that two proteins, one basic and one acidic, were the major @entity53 -responsive proteins in the 100,000-130,000 Mr region. In addition, an acidic protein in this region increased in intensity with @entity53 treatment. All three proteins incorporated @entity1853 and @entity4823 . Since a steroid-responsive gradient is known to exist in the oviduct, oviducts were divided into fimbria, ampulla, and isthmic regions and cultured separately. 2-D analysis of the medium indicated that the ampulla synthesized both the @entity2198 , whereas the acidic protein was dominant in the fimbria and the basic protein was dominant in the isthmus. Another acidic protein (Mr, 110,000) was only present in the fimbria and ampulla. This study clearly demonstrates that the @entity53 -treated @entity3474 oviduct synthesizes several proteins that were not detectable in the ovariectomized or @entity1420 -treated animal. Also, the different regions of the oviduct have different synthetic capabilities for these proteins. The electrophoretic characteristics of these proteins are similar to those we have observed at midcycle in the intact @entity3474 and @entity1 oviduct.

title: The in vitro synthesis of estrogen-dependent proteins by the XXXX ( @entity3474 ) oviduct.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of @entity53 and @entity1420 on the synthesis of oviduct-specific proteins and to determine if there were changes in the synthesis of these proteins in different regions of the oviduct. Ovariectomized females were either untreated, treated with @entity53 for 7 or 14 days, or primed with @entity53 for 14 days and then treated with @entity53 plus @entity1420 or @entity1420 alone for either 7 or 14 days. Oviducts were incubated in the presence of labeled @entity1853 or @entity4823 for 24 h at 37 C, and the culture medium was then analyzed by one- and two-dimensional (2-D) @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, followed by fluorography. A family of macromolecules [mol wt (Mr), 100,000-130,000] was only present in the animals treated with @entity53 for 7 or 14 days. 2-D analysis demonstrated that two proteins, one basic and one acidic, were the major @entity53 -responsive proteins in the 100,000-130,000 Mr region. In addition, an acidic protein in this region increased in intensity with @entity53 treatment. All three proteins incorporated @entity1853 and @entity4823 . Since a steroid-responsive gradient is known to exist in the oviduct, oviducts were divided into fimbria, ampulla, and isthmic regions and cultured separately. 2-D analysis of the medium indicated that the ampulla synthesized both the @entity2198 , whereas the acidic protein was dominant in the fimbria and the basic protein was dominant in the isthmus. Another acidic protein (Mr, 110,000) was only present in the fimbria and ampulla. This study clearly demonstrates that the @entity53 -treated @entity3474 oviduct synthesizes several proteins that were not detectable in the ovariectomized or @entity1420 -treated animal. Also, the different regions of the oviduct have different synthetic capabilities for these proteins. The electrophoretic characteristics of these proteins are similar to those we have observed at midcycle in the intact @entity3474 and @entity1 oviduct.

title: The in vitro synthesis of estrogen-dependent proteins by the @entity3474 ( XXXX ) oviduct.

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['Papio anubis']


abstract: The results of 81 endorectal flap advancements for simple @entity3622 are reported. @entity292 are defined as less than 2.5 cm in diameter, low or mid @entity365 in location, and infectious or traumatic in origin. Essentially, the technique is advancement of a flap of mucosa, submucosa, and circular muscle over midline approximation of internal sphincter muscle. The mean @entity1 age was 34 years old (range, 18 to 76 years). The causes were @entity130 (74 percent), @entity281 (10 percent), operative @entity130 (7 percent), and unknown (8 percent). Overall, the repair was successful in 83 percent of @entity1 . Success correlated with the number of previous repairs, i.e., none: 88 percent success; one: 85 percent success; two: 55 percent success. There were 25 concomitant overlapping sphincteroplasty procedures. Only minor complications ensued, with no mortality. This repair is recommended for @entity1 with no or one previous repair because of its lack of mortality, minimal morbidity, ease of concomitant sphincteroplasty, and avoidance of a colostomy. For @entity1 with two or more earlier repairs, a muscle interposition should be considered.

title: Repair of simple XXXX . Influence of previous repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['perineal infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Simple fistulas']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal septum']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['obstetrical injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity3622 :: (MESH:D012006,Disease) :: ['rectovaginal fistulas']


abstract: The authors report the case of a 2-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity7965 and short changes characterized by acute drowsiness, cold sweats, ocular reversion, @entity848 , and @entity1168 . Between these attacks, the condition was normal, suggesting @entity1640 @entity410 . Over 2 months five fits were observed by the parents when some to-and-fro bobbing of the head onto the trunk appeared during drowsiness. One electroencephalogram was normal without a slow background or spikes discharges. As the skull radiographs showed erosion of the jugum and chronic @entity428 features, a CT scan was performed and showed @entity1276 associated with a @entity1804 . The cyst was opened into basal cisterns with cystoperitoneal shunt. The histological examination revealed that it was an @entity145 . Six months later, the @entity1 was free of @entity1640 @entity410 and head bobbing. Thus, we can assert that there was a direct relationship between this cyst and the @entity1640 @entity410 . From this case, the authors make a review of the clinical features of @entity302 , and their different causes and show that both @entity302 and suprasellar @entity145 are not common.

title: @entity302 with XXXX in an @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['diencephalic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['congenital suprasellar cyst']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['diencephalic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['facial cyanosis']

answer: @entity1804 :: (MESH:D020863,Disease) :: ['congenital suprasellar arachnoid cyst']


abstract: The authors report the case of a 2-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity7965 and short changes characterized by acute drowsiness, cold sweats, ocular reversion, @entity848 , and @entity1168 . Between these attacks, the condition was normal, suggesting @entity1640 @entity410 . Over 2 months five fits were observed by the parents when some to-and-fro bobbing of the head onto the trunk appeared during drowsiness. One electroencephalogram was normal without a slow background or spikes discharges. As the skull radiographs showed erosion of the jugum and chronic @entity428 features, a CT scan was performed and showed @entity1276 associated with a @entity1804 . The cyst was opened into basal cisterns with cystoperitoneal shunt. The histological examination revealed that it was an @entity145 . Six months later, the @entity1 was free of @entity1640 @entity410 and head bobbing. Thus, we can assert that there was a direct relationship between this cyst and the @entity1640 @entity410 . From this case, the authors make a review of the clinical features of @entity302 , and their different causes and show that both @entity302 and suprasellar @entity145 are not common.

title: XXXX with @entity1804 in an @entity1 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Diencephalic epilepsy']


abstract: The authors report the case of a 2-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity7965 and short changes characterized by acute drowsiness, cold sweats, ocular reversion, @entity848 , and @entity1168 . Between these attacks, the condition was normal, suggesting @entity1640 @entity410 . Over 2 months five fits were observed by the parents when some to-and-fro bobbing of the head onto the trunk appeared during drowsiness. One electroencephalogram was normal without a slow background or spikes discharges. As the skull radiographs showed erosion of the jugum and chronic @entity428 features, a CT scan was performed and showed @entity1276 associated with a @entity1804 . The cyst was opened into basal cisterns with cystoperitoneal shunt. The histological examination revealed that it was an @entity145 . Six months later, the @entity1 was free of @entity1640 @entity410 and head bobbing. Thus, we can assert that there was a direct relationship between this cyst and the @entity1640 @entity410 . From this case, the authors make a review of the clinical features of @entity302 , and their different causes and show that both @entity302 and suprasellar @entity145 are not common.

title: @entity302 with @entity1804 in an XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: With standard microelectrode techniques, electrical activity of cells in the epicardial border zones of @entity1188 in the @entity235 heart were studied. Either automaticity or triggered activity (or both) occurred in each of the 12 preparations studied from 24-hour @entity1188 . One 24-hour preparation had continuous activity indistinguishable from low-potential (abnormal) automaticity. This automaticity was not effected by @entity6237 1-5 mg/l. Two other 24-hour @entity121 also were automatic. However, nine preparations from the subepicardium were not automatic during superfusion with standard Tyrode's solution. @entity245 ( @entity245 ) and triggered activity could be induced in all of these preparations by treatment with @entity2661 . The amplitude of these @entity245 was directly related to the stimulus rate of the train of impulses used to elicit them, and their coupling interval was inversely related to this rate of stimulation. Triggered activity occurred from maximal diastolic potentials of -58 to -88 mV in the 24-hour @entity1188 zone preparations. In seven preparations from 72-96-hour @entity1188 zones, the epicardial muscle cells did not show triggered activity after treatment with @entity2661 . In one preparation from a 72-hour @entity1188 , however, 3-5-mV @entity245 occurred. No @entity245 or triggered impulses occurred in subepicardial muscle from normal, noninfarcted hearts. Thus, triggered impulses and low-potential automaticity could contribute to @entity943 occurring in the @entity235 heart 24 hours after coronary ligation.

title: Automatic and triggered impulse initiation in @entity235 subepicardial ventricular muscle cells from border zones of 24-hour transmural XXXX . New mechanisms for malignant @entity943 ?

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['DADs', 'Delayed afterdepolarizations']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['subepicardial muscle preparations']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']


abstract: With standard microelectrode techniques, electrical activity of cells in the epicardial border zones of @entity1188 in the @entity235 heart were studied. Either automaticity or triggered activity (or both) occurred in each of the 12 preparations studied from 24-hour @entity1188 . One 24-hour preparation had continuous activity indistinguishable from low-potential (abnormal) automaticity. This automaticity was not effected by @entity6237 1-5 mg/l. Two other 24-hour @entity121 also were automatic. However, nine preparations from the subepicardium were not automatic during superfusion with standard Tyrode's solution. @entity245 ( @entity245 ) and triggered activity could be induced in all of these preparations by treatment with @entity2661 . The amplitude of these @entity245 was directly related to the stimulus rate of the train of impulses used to elicit them, and their coupling interval was inversely related to this rate of stimulation. Triggered activity occurred from maximal diastolic potentials of -58 to -88 mV in the 24-hour @entity1188 zone preparations. In seven preparations from 72-96-hour @entity1188 zones, the epicardial muscle cells did not show triggered activity after treatment with @entity2661 . In one preparation from a 72-hour @entity1188 , however, 3-5-mV @entity245 occurred. No @entity245 or triggered impulses occurred in subepicardial muscle from normal, noninfarcted hearts. Thus, triggered impulses and low-potential automaticity could contribute to @entity943 occurring in the @entity235 heart 24 hours after coronary ligation.

title: Automatic and triggered impulse initiation in @entity235 subepicardial ventricular muscle cells from border zones of 24-hour transmural @entity1188 . New mechanisms for malignant XXXX ?

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: With standard microelectrode techniques, electrical activity of cells in the epicardial border zones of @entity1188 in the @entity235 heart were studied. Either automaticity or triggered activity (or both) occurred in each of the 12 preparations studied from 24-hour @entity1188 . One 24-hour preparation had continuous activity indistinguishable from low-potential (abnormal) automaticity. This automaticity was not effected by @entity6237 1-5 mg/l. Two other 24-hour @entity121 also were automatic. However, nine preparations from the subepicardium were not automatic during superfusion with standard Tyrode's solution. @entity245 ( @entity245 ) and triggered activity could be induced in all of these preparations by treatment with @entity2661 . The amplitude of these @entity245 was directly related to the stimulus rate of the train of impulses used to elicit them, and their coupling interval was inversely related to this rate of stimulation. Triggered activity occurred from maximal diastolic potentials of -58 to -88 mV in the 24-hour @entity1188 zone preparations. In seven preparations from 72-96-hour @entity1188 zones, the epicardial muscle cells did not show triggered activity after treatment with @entity2661 . In one preparation from a 72-hour @entity1188 , however, 3-5-mV @entity245 occurred. No @entity245 or triggered impulses occurred in subepicardial muscle from normal, noninfarcted hearts. Thus, triggered impulses and low-potential automaticity could contribute to @entity943 occurring in the @entity235 heart 24 hours after coronary ligation.

title: Automatic and triggered impulse initiation in XXXX subepicardial ventricular muscle cells from border zones of 24-hour transmural @entity1188 . New mechanisms for malignant @entity943 ?

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: 1) To characterize pediatric cochlear implant performance in @entity1 with @entity393 secondary to @entity4008 . 2) To evaluate performance differences in @entity1 with and without @entity11389 ( @entity11389 ). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: A large university-based multidisciplinary cochlear implant program. @entity1 : Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity393 from @entity4008 who received cochlear implants from 1991 to 2011. Thirty-nine @entity1 had adequate data for analysis. INTERVENTION: Cochlear implantation with postoperative performance evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Speech perception category (SPC). RESULTS: Nineteen (48.7%) @entity1 had intraoperative evidence of @entity11389 . Fourteen @entity1 (70.0%) without @entity11389 compared with seven (36.8%) with @entity11389 developed open-set speech after implantation. There was a trend toward better postimplant SPC outcomes in @entity1 without @entity11389 that did not reach statistical significance (p=0.17). The presence of @entity11389 negatively correlated with classroom placement (p<0.05). Analysis of each group individually demonstrated statistically significant improvement in pre- versus postimplant SPC outcomes (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity11389 may negatively affect performance in pediatric @entity1 receiving a cochlear implant for @entity393 secondary to @entity4008 .

title: The Impact of XXXX Ossificans on Speech Performance After Pediatric Cochlear Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity11389 :: ('MESH:D007762', 'Disease') :: ['LO', 'labyrinthitis ossificans']

answer: @entity11389 :: (MESH:D007762,Disease) :: ['Postmeningitic Labyrinthitis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive case-series OBJECTIVE.: The main purpose of this study was to analyse relationship between the preoperative @entity16 and subsequent survival of @entity1 undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic spinal metastases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The survival of @entity5 @entity1 has increased over recent years with improvements in oncologic therapy. As many as 70% of @entity5 @entity1 develop spinal metastases and approximately 10% of all @entity5 @entity1 are treated for metastatic @entity1745 . METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 166 @entity1 who underwent surgery for symptomatic spinal metastases in our department between 2005 and 2012. The evaluated factors were age, primary @entity5 (slow, moderate, rapid growing), spinal location (cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral), operation type (posterior decompression, anterior or posterior instrumented procedure and radical combined instrumented surgery), pre-operative evaluation using revised Tokuhashi scoring system (below 9, 9-11 and 12-15), pre- and post-operative @entity16 according Frankel score (A-C and D-E), and the site of the main @entity1745 (anterior, posterior or combined). @entity532 and recurrence rate was also monitored. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 62  12 years. The median survival time after surgery was 16.0 months. Pre-operative @entity16 influenced survival time significantly; the median survival was 5.1 months in Frankel A-C and 28.2 months in Frankel D-E. (p<0.001). Improvement on the Frankel scale did not influence the survival time (p=0.131). When the @entity1 ' age was below 65 years this related to a significantly longer survival time (p=0.046). Tokuhashi score predicted @entity1 [Combining Acute Accent]s survival independently (p<0.001). The other factors had no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The most important factors influencing post-operative survival time of these @entity1 with symptomatic spinal metastases was pre-operative @entity16 and Tokuhashi scoring system, which together represents a useful tool for planning the extent of surgical treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Influence of the Pre-Operative Neurological Status on Survival after the Surgical Treatment of Symptomatic Spinal Metastases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour aggressiveness', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition', 'neurological status']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative complication']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Compression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Fusion success with rhBMP-2 and autograft in @entity702 or PEEK corpectomy devices was evaluated in a @entity742 lumbar corpectomy model. The 6 treatment groups included @entity702 mesh or PEEK corpectomy devices filled with rhBMP-2 on a compression-resistant matrix (CRM) carrier; rhBMP-2 in a morselized absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier combined with resorbable ceramic granules; and autograft. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine fusion rates associated with 2 different preparations of rhBMP-2 as well as autograft in an instrumented ovine lumbar corpectomy model 6 months postoperatively. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Vertebral reconstruction with corpectomy devices requires bone graft. Bone graft substitutes have the potential to avoid a second operation, donor site @entity158 , and attendant morbidity associated with autograft. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity742 in 6 treatment groups underwent lumbar corpectomy via a retroperitoneal trans-psoas approach. Spines were reconstructed with autograft, rhBMP-2 on a CRM, or rhBMP-2 on an ACS mixed with ceramic granules. Grafting materials were placed in either a @entity702 mesh or PEEK conduit in spines with internal fixation. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were evaluated for fusion. Undecalcified histology was used to evaluate for fusion as well as the amount and extent of graft incorporation and graft resorption. RESULTS: Regardless of corpectomy device used, rhBMP-2/CRM or rhBMP-2/ACS with MASTERGRAFT resulted in a 100% fusion rate. The autograft group had a lower (75%) radiographic fusion rate. Using either preparation of rhBMP-2 resulted in the length of the defect filling with solid bone. Autograft fragments and ceramic granules were incorporated into the fusion masses with much of the ceramic granules being resorbed by 6 months. CONCLUSION: Both of the rhBMP-2 formulations have the potential to effect bony fusion and vertebral reconstruction within the corpectomy devices. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Instrumented Lumbar Corpectomy and Spinal Reconstruction Comparing rhBMP-2/Compression-Resistant Matrix, rhBMP-2/Absorbable Collagen Sponge/Ceramic Granules Mixture, and Autograft in Two Different Devices: A Study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: The SCM test (structuredness of the cytoplasmic matrix) consists of measuring the fluorescence polarization of @entity941 which is introduced into a particular sub-group of peripheral lymphocytes. The test has a non-specific part for the general detection of @entity5 and a specificity procedure which is based on the use of specific @entity5 extracts. In this article we deal only with the latter in relation to @entity0 . Blood samples from 94 @entity1 have been tested; six of these had mastectomy performed previously; 83 underwent consecutively a surgical procedure and histology was obtained; five were only clinically examined. In 45/49 (92%) @entity1 , correlation between a positive specificity test and tissue @entity5 was found. Out of 35 @entity1 with non-malignant proliferative lesions (as found by histology), 25 reacted positively in the test. Two out of five @entity1 with non-malignant, non-proliferative lesions reacted positively in the test. Five @entity1 who were defined as normals by clinical examination reacted negatively in the test. These results indicate the potential of the SCM test for detecting @entity0 . The clinical implications of the test for @entity5 diagnosis are discussed.

title: An evaluation of the SCM test for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['cancer of the breast']


abstract: A new intraoperative approach to @entity5 localization using radiolabelled monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 involves the use of a hand-held gamma-detecting probe ( @entity3006 ) by the surgeon and, subsequently, the pathologist. We report here the use of 125I-labelled MAb B72.3 IgG and a @entity3006 to localize primary and metastatic @entity14 in 31 @entity1 . The @entity1 were administered radiolabelled MAb i.v., and all underwent surgical exploration 5 to 35 days post-injection. In vivo localization of the MAb was evaluated using a @entity3006 , with @entity5 and normal tissue counts being obtained. In each case, the subsequent @entity5 and normal tissue that were resected were analyzed in vitro for MAb localization; this was evaluated by calculating the radiolocalization index, i.e., the ratio of the injected dose per gram localized to @entity5 versus that of normal tissue. When the @entity3006 was used intraoperatively, MAb B72.3 localized @entity5 in 68% (21/31) of the @entity1 ; the arbitrary criterion of @entity5 -to-normal tissue ratios higher than or equal to 2.0:1 in vivo being taken as positive. Resected @entity5 radiolocalization indices ranged from 0.5 to 543, and 71% (22/31) of the @entity1 studied had @entity5 with radiolocalization indices higher than or equal to 3. Of 50 @entity189 biopsies, 34 that were probe-positive were antigen-positive when B72.3 was used in immunoperoxidase assays, while 4 @entity189 biopsies that were probe-negative were also antigen-negative. Twelve of 50 biopsies were probe-negative and antigen-positive, but many of these lesions only contained a few antigen-positive cells; none of the 50 was probe-positive and antigen-negative. Tumors of all histologic grades localized injected MAb and, in general, higher in vivo probe ratios and radiolocalization indices were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgery 20 to 35 days following injection of the MAb. MAb B72.3 localized @entity5 in all sites to which @entity694 commonly metastasizes, including mesenteric and peri-aortic lymph nodes, liver, lung, and peri-rectal soft tissue. There was a strong statistical correlation (p = 0.001) between detecting MAb B72.3 localization to @entity5 using the @entity3006 intraoperatively and subsequent in vitro analysis of cpm/g for @entity5 versus normal tissues. These studies thus further validate the use of 125I-labelled MAb B72.3 IgG and of a hand-held gamma probe for the intraoperative detection of @entity75 .

title: Intraoperative radioimmunolocalization of XXXX with a hand-held gamma probe and MAb B72.3: comparison of in vivo gamma probe counts with in vitro MAb radiolocalization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic effect of proton pump inhibitor(PPI) on alleviation of hoarseness symptoms in @entity1 with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR). METHOD: The LPR outpatients in ENT department of our hospital(60 cases)complained of hoarseness were enrolled in the study from August of 2013 to October of 2014. All of them were randomly divided into group A and B. The individuals in group A (30 cases) taked golden voice capsule to treat for 3 months, while the individuals in group B (30 cases) taked golden voice capsule and @entity4546 to treat for 3 months. The data about @entity304 ( @entity304 ), @entity51 ( @entity51 ) and voice handicap index (VHI)from the first month to the third month after treatment were recorded and compared group A with group B. RESULT: The scores of @entity304 and @entity51 in @entity1 (60 cases) before treatment were significantly correlated with their VHI (r=0. 823, P<0. 01; r=0. 873, P<0. 01). The score changes of @entity304 and VHI from the first to the third month after treatment in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0. 01). Meanwhile, the score changes of @entity51 from the third month after treatment in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (t=8. 307, P<. 01), but the differences were not significant for @entity51 from the first to the second month after treatment between group A and group B(t=1. 128, P>0. 05; t=0. 376, P> 0. 05). CONCLUSION: PPI therapy could significantly alleviate the hoarseness symptom in LPR @entity1 .

title: [The therapeutic effect of proton pump inhibitor on alleviation of hoarseness symptoms in XXXX with laryngopharyngeal reflux].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['reflux finding score', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'reflux symptom index']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the assessed value of 64 slice spiral CT perfusion imaging (CTPI) in @entity957 after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHOD: Forty five @entity1 diagnosed with local advanced @entity957 were selected. Conventional CT and CTPI were performed before treatment and at the time of radiation dose up to 40 Gy. Blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time and surface permeability were measured at the same time. According to the decrease of @entity5 volume in final examination, @entity1 were divided into sensitive group and insensitive group. The @entity5 perfusion indexes were compared between groups. RESULT: Blood flow, blood volume, surface permeability after 40Gy treatment were lower than before treatment in both sensitive group and the insensitive group ascended(P<0. 05). The AUC of ROC of blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time and surface permeability were 0. 804, 0. 843, 0. 852 and 0. 826. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of blood flow was 89. 7%, 86.8% and 90. 9%. There were 100. 0%, 91. 4% and 93. 7% in blood volume; 100. 0%, 67. 7% and 88. 3% in mean transit time; 91. 2%, 69. 4% and 90. 6% in surface permeability(P<0. 01). CONCLUSION: Sixty-four slice spiral CT perfusion imaging is able to assess @entity5 status of @entity957 after chemotherapy and radiotherapy effectively.

title: [The assessed value of 64 slice spiral CT perfusion imaging in XXXX after chemotherapy and radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chondral or @entity4713 have been reported in 60-67  % of @entity1 in studies reporting knee arthroscopies. The surgical management of chondral and @entity4713 ( @entity4713 ) of the articular surface of the knee joint remains a controversial topic. @entity130 can be treated with transfer cartilage procedure and with implantation of biodegradable scaffolds. For @entity1 over 50  years old with largest osteochondral lesions, we prefer to use the biodegradable scaffold, like Trufit(  ) plug (Smith _ Nephew, Andover, MA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome of this series of surgical procedure with Trufit. METHODS: In our institute, the Trufit was used for the treatment of one or more focal osteochondral lesions of the femoral condyles positive MRI with or without concomitant ligamentous or meniscal pathology. We reviewed 30 @entity1 with mean age of 60.57  years (range 32-79  years) with a clinical and imaging control at 6, 12, 24 and 48  months of follow-up. RESULTS: The clinical evaluation has shown the good outcome. The MRI conducted has shown the progressive partial integration of the scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained indicate a clear improvement of the clinical symptoms and @entity528 . The clinical and imaging results confirm that the Trufit constitutes a valid surgical alternative in case of focal osteochondral.

title: The biphasic bioresorbable scaffold (Trufit(  )) in the osteochondral knee lesions: long-term clinical and MRI assessment in 30 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4713 :: ('MESH:D010007', 'Disease') :: ["OCD's", 'osteochondral defects']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['slowing joint degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondral injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: After a discussion of the changes of the @entity2826 concept over the years, the authors describe their own investigation of a total sample of 3280 @entity1 , attending outpatient and inpatient facilities of three counties with a total population of 574,000 inhabitants. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency, sex distribution, and social class dependency of the @entity2826 -diagnosis and its relationship to @entity146 . The following results were obtained: There is a strong correlation of @entity2826 -diagnosis with age, sex, and social class. @entity2826 was most frequently diagnosed in the age groups of 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 years, being twice as frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 and dominating among the lower social classes. The frequency of @entity2826 in the total sample was 11%, taking into consideration all age-classes. @entity2826 was significantly associated only with two @entity146 syndromes: @entity9054 and @entity71 . There was no correlation with @entity74 or @entity11167 , however, a very strong one with @entity245 in development, defined according to the multiaxial classification system. 72% of the @entity1 diagnosed as @entity2826 - @entity1 revealed @entity245 in development. But this high correlation was caused only by two conditions: developmental speech/ @entity3180 and specific @entity1957 . There was no correlation between @entity2826 and specific @entity5545 nor with other specific @entity4207 or mixed @entity245 . Future research in this field should look upon the so-called @entity2826 more in terms of general developmental delays than in terms of brain pathology.

title: [Minimal brain dysfunction--on the revision of a clinical concept. Clinical data of a total pediatric and adolescent XXXX @entity1 population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'clinical-psychiatric syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['specific delays', 'developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning difficulties']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['reading retardation']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: After a discussion of the changes of the @entity2826 concept over the years, the authors describe their own investigation of a total sample of 3280 @entity1 , attending outpatient and inpatient facilities of three counties with a total population of 574,000 inhabitants. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency, sex distribution, and social class dependency of the @entity2826 -diagnosis and its relationship to @entity146 . The following results were obtained: There is a strong correlation of @entity2826 -diagnosis with age, sex, and social class. @entity2826 was most frequently diagnosed in the age groups of 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 years, being twice as frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 and dominating among the lower social classes. The frequency of @entity2826 in the total sample was 11%, taking into consideration all age-classes. @entity2826 was significantly associated only with two @entity146 syndromes: @entity9054 and @entity71 . There was no correlation with @entity74 or @entity11167 , however, a very strong one with @entity245 in development, defined according to the multiaxial classification system. 72% of the @entity1 diagnosed as @entity2826 - @entity1 revealed @entity245 in development. But this high correlation was caused only by two conditions: developmental speech/ @entity3180 and specific @entity1957 . There was no correlation between @entity2826 and specific @entity5545 nor with other specific @entity4207 or mixed @entity245 . Future research in this field should look upon the so-called @entity2826 more in terms of general developmental delays than in terms of brain pathology.

title: [Minimal brain dysfunction--on the revision of a clinical concept. Clinical data of a total pediatric and adolescent @entity146 XXXX population].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment blood consumption and @entity130 -associated severe @entity548 scores are useful for predicting the need for @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in severe @entity130 @entity1 . However, @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and base excess (BE) levels might also be useful indicators for the need for @entity400 . We evaluated the accuracy of prediction for @entity400 of the scoring system vs. @entity2002 and BE. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective single center observational study were @entity1 with injury severity score >= 16 @entity130 , divided into a non- @entity400 group and an @entity400 group. We compared variables, including the scoring system (comprising vital signs and focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 ; FAST) and @entity2002 between the groups. We then performed a multiple logistic regression modeling and a receiver operating characteristic analysis to clarify which value was the most useful predictive indicator for @entity400 . RESULTS: There were 114 @entity1 in the non- @entity400 group and 39 in the @entity400 group. The level of @entity2002 and BE were independent predictors of @entity400 . The area under the curve values for @entity2002 and BE were 0.765 and 0.845, respectively, and the optimal cutoff values of @entity2002 and BE were 211  mg/dL and -1.4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2002 and BE levels can be used as an independent predictor for @entity400 .

title: @entity2002 and base excess levels as predictive markers of the need for massive blood transfusion after blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['massive transfusion', 'MT']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment blood consumption and @entity130 -associated severe @entity548 scores are useful for predicting the need for @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in severe @entity130 @entity1 . However, @entity2002 ( @entity2002 ) and base excess (BE) levels might also be useful indicators for the need for @entity400 . We evaluated the accuracy of prediction for @entity400 of the scoring system vs. @entity2002 and BE. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective single center observational study were @entity1 with injury severity score >= 16 @entity130 , divided into a non- @entity400 group and an @entity400 group. We compared variables, including the scoring system (comprising vital signs and focused assessment with sonography for @entity130 ; FAST) and @entity2002 between the groups. We then performed a multiple logistic regression modeling and a receiver operating characteristic analysis to clarify which value was the most useful predictive indicator for @entity400 . RESULTS: There were 114 @entity1 in the non- @entity400 group and 39 in the @entity400 group. The level of @entity2002 and BE were independent predictors of @entity400 . The area under the curve values for @entity2002 and BE were 0.765 and 0.845, respectively, and the optimal cutoff values of @entity2002 and BE were 211  mg/dL and -1.4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2002 and BE levels can be used as an independent predictor for @entity400 .

title: XXXX and base excess levels as predictive markers of the need for massive blood transfusion after blunt @entity130 .

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['Fibrinogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 24-hour urine collection method is considered the gold standard for the estimation of ingested @entity972 and @entity1372 . Because of the impracticalities of collecting all urine over a 24-hour period, spot urine is often used for epidemiological investigations. This study aims to assess the agreement between spot urine and 24-hour urine measurements to determine @entity1372 and @entity972 intake. A total of 402 @entity1 aged 25 to 64 years were randomly selected in South Benin. Spot urine was taken during the second urination of the day. Twenty-four-hour urine was also collected. Samples (2-mL) were taken and then stored at -20  C. The analysis was carried out using potentiometric dosage. The agreement between spot urine and 24-hour urine measurements was established using Bland-Altman plots. A total of 354 results were analyzed. Daily @entity2827 and @entity4337 urinary excretion means were 10.2  4.9 g/24 h and 2.9  1.4 g/24 h, respectively. Estimated daily @entity2827 and @entity4337 means from the spot urine were 10.7  7.0 g/24 h and 3.9  2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Concordance coefficients were 0.61 at d=-0.5 g, (d  2SD=-11 g and 10.1 g) for @entity2827 and 0.61 at d=-1 g, (d  2SD=-3.8 g and 1.8 g) for @entity4337 . Spot urine method is acceptable for estimating 24-hour urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion to assess @entity1372 and @entity972 intake in a black population. However, the confidence interval for the mean difference, which is too large, makes the @entity2827 results inadmissible at a clinical level.

title: Estimation of Daily @entity1372 and XXXX Excretion Using Spot Urine and 24-Hour Urine Samples in a Black Population (Benin).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 24-hour urine collection method is considered the gold standard for the estimation of ingested @entity972 and @entity1372 . Because of the impracticalities of collecting all urine over a 24-hour period, spot urine is often used for epidemiological investigations. This study aims to assess the agreement between spot urine and 24-hour urine measurements to determine @entity1372 and @entity972 intake. A total of 402 @entity1 aged 25 to 64 years were randomly selected in South Benin. Spot urine was taken during the second urination of the day. Twenty-four-hour urine was also collected. Samples (2-mL) were taken and then stored at -20  C. The analysis was carried out using potentiometric dosage. The agreement between spot urine and 24-hour urine measurements was established using Bland-Altman plots. A total of 354 results were analyzed. Daily @entity2827 and @entity4337 urinary excretion means were 10.2  4.9 g/24 h and 2.9  1.4 g/24 h, respectively. Estimated daily @entity2827 and @entity4337 means from the spot urine were 10.7  7.0 g/24 h and 3.9  2.1 g/24 h, respectively. Concordance coefficients were 0.61 at d=-0.5 g, (d  2SD=-11 g and 10.1 g) for @entity2827 and 0.61 at d=-1 g, (d  2SD=-3.8 g and 1.8 g) for @entity4337 . Spot urine method is acceptable for estimating 24-hour urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion to assess @entity1372 and @entity972 intake in a black population. However, the confidence interval for the mean difference, which is too large, makes the @entity2827 results inadmissible at a clinical level.

title: Estimation of Daily XXXX and @entity972 Excretion Using Spot Urine and 24-Hour Urine Samples in a Black Population (Benin).

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity82 is a complex acquired @entity3459 and frequent indication for transfusion of blood components. We characterised blood component use in @entity1 with @entity82 and compared this to transfusion guidelines. METHODS: All National Health Service trusts with representation on the British Society of Gastroenterology membership list were invited to take part. Data were collected prospectively on consecutive, unselected, hospitalised admissions with @entity82 over 28 days. Detailed information was recorded for @entity1 receiving blood components including indication (for @entity548 or prophylaxis), type of component, laboratory indices triggering transfusion, complications, @entity1031 events and clinical outcome to day 28. RESULTS: Data on 1313 consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 were collected from 85 hospitals. 391/1313 (30%) were transfused a blood component; in 238/391 (61%) this was for treatment of @entity548 and in 153/391 (39%) for prophylaxis of @entity548 . In 48/185 (26%) cases with @entity548 , the haemoglobin threshold was >80g/L prior to red blood cell transfusion. In the prophylaxis group 238/391 (61%) received transfusion in response to an abnormal haematological value, in the absence of any planned procedure. In @entity1 transfused for procedural prophylaxis 10/34 (29%) received fresh frozen plasma at an International Normalised Ratio lower than the threshold where a benefit would be anticipated. An in- @entity1 @entity1031 event was recorded in 3% (35/1313) and 10% (138/1313) died by day 28. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of hospitalised @entity1 with @entity82 were transfused. Strategies for @entity1 Blood Management should include ensuring transfusion practice is consistent with guidelines and greater emphasis on alternatives to transfusion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Patterns of blood component use in XXXX : a nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the value of resection and to analyze clinicopathologic data on @entity356 @entity1 who were evaluated as curable preoperatively but diagnosed as advanced intraoperatively. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical, surgical, and pathological data of 264 @entity1 who had undergone surgery for @entity356 between January 2008 and October 2012. The @entity1 who were diagnosed in advanced stages during surgical exploration were accepted into the study group. @entity1 were categorized into the following two groups: non-resection group (NRG) and resection group (RG). We compared the clinicopathologic features of the two groups and investigated the prognostic factors by performing univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 79 @entity1 diagnosed with advanced disease in surgical exploration were evaluated. There were 40 @entity1 (50.6%) in the NRG and 39 @entity1 (49.4%) in the RG. The difference in median overall survival between the NRG and the RG was statistically significant (1.7 vs 5 months; p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, age less than 70 years, gastric resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and male gender were found to be favorable significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conlusion: Resection seems to be associated with improved overall survival in @entity1 who were diagnosed as advanced intraoperatively. Therefore, @entity1 and @entity5 -related factors should be taken into consideration before planning resection. Randomized controlled studies are required.

title: Is resection indicated in XXXX deemed curable preoperatively but found to be advanced intraoperatively?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of adverse events in elderly @entity1 who required inpatient admission after sustaining an @entity1171 and to consider these data in relation to @entity173 and other geriatric @entity1 admissions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of @entity1 admitted with an @entity1171 , a @entity173 , or any other diagnosis was performed with the Medicare Part A database for 2008. The primary outcome measure was the one-year mortality rate, examined with multivariate analysis factoring for both @entity1 age and preexisting comorbidity. Secondary outcome measures analyzed additional morbidity as reflected by length of stay, discharge disposition, readmissions, and medical complications. RESULTS: There were 19,648 @entity1 with @entity1171 , 193,980 @entity1 with @entity173 , and 5,801,831 @entity1 with other admitting diagnoses. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were noted in both age and comorbidity status between the group with @entity1171 and the group with @entity173 . The one-year mortality after admission was 11.9% for @entity1 with @entity1171 , 28.2% for @entity1 with @entity173 , and 21.5% for @entity1 with any other admission. Upon using multivariate analysis to account for both age and comorbidity, the hazard ratio for one-year mortality associated with @entity174 was 1.088 for @entity1 with @entity173 and 0.557 for @entity1 with @entity1171 . CONCLUSIONS: Even after selecting for admitted @entity1 and accounting for both age and comorbidity, geriatric @entity1 with @entity1171 were found to have a lower one-year morbidity compared with geriatric @entity1 who had sustained a @entity173 or alternative admitting diagnoses. Geriatric @entity1 with @entity1171 are likely healthier and more active in ways that are not captured by simply accounting for age and comorbidity. These findings may support more aggressive definitive management of such injuries in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Morbidity and Mortality Associated with XXXX : A Medicare Part A Claims Database Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric hip fracture', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['Geriatric Ankle Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to explore whether the tool-use disorders observed in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) are of the same nature as those observed in @entity75 ( @entity75 ) @entity1 . Recent evidence indicates that @entity75 @entity1 with @entity1742 of tool use encounter difficulties in solving mechanical problems, characterized by the absence of specific strategies. This pattern may show the presence of impaired mechanical knowledge, critical for both familiar and novel tool use. So, we explored the strategies followed by @entity195 and @entity4943 @entity1 in mechanical problem-solving tasks in order to determine whether mechanical knowledge is also impaired in these @entity1 . METHOD: We used a mechanical problem-solving task in both choice (i.e., several tools were proposed) and no-choice (i.e., only 1 tool was proposed) conditions. We analyzed quantitative data and strategy profiles. RESULTS: @entity195 @entity1 but not @entity4943 @entity1 met difficulties in solving mechanical problem-solving tasks. However, the key finding is that @entity195 @entity1 , despite their difficulties, showed strategy profiles that are similar to that of @entity4943 @entity1 or controls. Moreover, @entity195 @entity1 exhibited a strategy profile distinct from the one previously observed in @entity75 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Those observations lead us to consider that difficulties met by @entity195 @entity1 to solve mechanical problems or even to use familiar tools may not be caused by mechanical knowledge impairment per se. In broad terms, what we call @entity1742 of tool use in @entity195 is certainly not the same as @entity1742 of tool use observed in @entity75 @entity1 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Mechanical Problem-Solving Strategies in XXXX and @entity4943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['LBD', 'left brain-damaged']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'semantic dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to explore whether the tool-use disorders observed in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) are of the same nature as those observed in @entity75 ( @entity75 ) @entity1 . Recent evidence indicates that @entity75 @entity1 with @entity1742 of tool use encounter difficulties in solving mechanical problems, characterized by the absence of specific strategies. This pattern may show the presence of impaired mechanical knowledge, critical for both familiar and novel tool use. So, we explored the strategies followed by @entity195 and @entity4943 @entity1 in mechanical problem-solving tasks in order to determine whether mechanical knowledge is also impaired in these @entity1 . METHOD: We used a mechanical problem-solving task in both choice (i.e., several tools were proposed) and no-choice (i.e., only 1 tool was proposed) conditions. We analyzed quantitative data and strategy profiles. RESULTS: @entity195 @entity1 but not @entity4943 @entity1 met difficulties in solving mechanical problem-solving tasks. However, the key finding is that @entity195 @entity1 , despite their difficulties, showed strategy profiles that are similar to that of @entity4943 @entity1 or controls. Moreover, @entity195 @entity1 exhibited a strategy profile distinct from the one previously observed in @entity75 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Those observations lead us to consider that difficulties met by @entity195 @entity1 to solve mechanical problems or even to use familiar tools may not be caused by mechanical knowledge impairment per se. In broad terms, what we call @entity1742 of tool use in @entity195 is certainly not the same as @entity1742 of tool use observed in @entity75 @entity1 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Mechanical Problem-Solving Strategies in @entity195 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['Semantic Dementia']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequence of the intergenic region between the 25 S and 18 S wheat ribosomal RNA genes has been determined from a 4.6 kb EcoRI-BamHI fragment (1 kb = 10(3) bases or base-pairs) subcloned from the plasmid pTa71. Within this subclone the intergenic DNA is flanked by the 3' end of the 25 S and the 5' end of the 18 S ribosomal RNA sequences. Four repeat families are present within the intergenic region. The major repeat family A, consists of 12 direct repeat units of 135 or 136 base-pairs (bp) flanked by diverged truncated copies. Within each A repeat a subrepeat structure has been revealed. Family B, which is localized to the 5' side of the A repeats, contains three repeat units, one of 152 bp, the second of 150 bp and a truncated unit of 107 bp. Family C, which is localized in the transcribed rRNA precursor, consists of two direct repeat units of 172 and 174 bp and possesses some short subrepeat motifs. The C repeats may have evolved by and diverged from one another by the insertion of short transposable sequences. Family D consists of two direct repeat units of 30 bp located 5' to the start of transcription. Statistical analysis of repeat family A showed that there is a significant association between the similarity of any two repeat units and their distance apart in the array. The near identity of members of the A family is maintained presumably by processes such as unequal crossing over and gene conversion, but the members at each end of the array show more divergence. Sequence motifs in the A and C repeat families and in other regions including the 5' end of 18 S RNA are related, implying that much of the intergenic DNA may have evolved from a few short ancestral sequences. The B and D repeats or their equivalent are not found in a @entity2829 ribosomal DNA repeat unit. The DNA in the external transcribed spacer DNA 5' to the 18 S RNA sequence is longer in @entity3505 than in @entity2829 . This is due principally to two duplications and insertion of a sequence with dyad symmetry in the @entity3505 gene.

title: Structure and evolution of the intergenic region in a ribosomal DNA repeat unit of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The feasibility of defining early @entity201 has not been adequately evaluated. The surgical outcomes of @entity1 who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pathological T1 (pT1) distal @entity201 (DCC) were evaluated to determine whether it is possible to define early DCC. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 18 @entity1 with pT1 DCC who had undergone PD were reviewed retrospectively. Depth of fibromuscular (fm) layer invasion was divided into two categories: fm1 and fm2 (without @entity3 and with @entity3 ). Comparative analyses were performed according to the depth of invasion. RESULTS: Disease-specific survival rates of @entity1 with five @entity5 and 13 fm-invasive @entity5 were 80 and 61.9  % at 5  years and 80 and 41.2  % at 10  years, respectively. There was no significant difference in disease-specific survival rates between the two groups (P   =   0.244). Disease-specific survival rates of @entity1 with 7 fm1-invasive @entity5 and 6 fm2-invasive @entity5 were 85.7 and 40  % at 5  years and 85.7 and 0  % at 10  years. A significant difference in disease-specific survival rates was observed between @entity5 and fm2-invasive @entity5 (P   =   0.043), and disease-specific survival rates of @entity5 and fm1-invasive @entity5 were similar (P   =   0.968). CONCLUSIONS: Defining early DCC as @entity189 confined to the fm of the bile duct might be inappropriate; early DCC should be limited to the @entity1697 .

title: Is it possible to define early distal XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['adventitia fascia invasion']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Secretory phospholipase A(2) ( @entity25191 ) exhibits @entity2359 in the central nervous system. There are high-affinity binding sites of the porcine pancreatic group IB @entity25191 ( @entity25191 ) in the brain. @entity25191 causes neuronal cell death via apoptosis in the @entity35 cerebral cortex. Although apoptosis is triggered by an influx of @entity141 into neurons, it has not yet been ascertained whether the @entity141 influx is associated with the @entity2359 of @entity25191 . We thus examined the possible involvement of @entity141 in the @entity2359 of @entity25191 in the primary culture of @entity35 cortical neurons. @entity25191 induced neuronal cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This death was accompanied by condensed chromatin and fragmented DNA, exhibiting apoptotic features. Before apoptosis, @entity25191 markedly enhanced the influx of @entity141 into neurons. A @entity460 chelator suppressed neurons from @entity25191 -induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. An L-type voltage-sensitive @entity141 channel (L-VSCC) blocker significantly protected the @entity25191 -potentiated influx of @entity141 . On the other hand, blockers of N-VSCC and P/Q-VSCC did not. An L-VSCC blocker protected neurons from @entity25191 -induced neuronal cell death. In addition, the L-VSCC blocker ameliorated the apoptotic features of @entity25191 -treated neurons. Neither an N-VSCC blocker nor P/Q-VSCC blockers affected the @entity2359 of the enzyme. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the influx of @entity141 into neurons play an important role in the @entity2359 of @entity25191 . Furthermore, the present study suggests that L-VSCC contribute to the @entity25191 -potentiated influx of @entity141 into neurons.

title: Porcine pancreatic group IB secretory phospholipase A2 potentiates XXXX influx through L-type voltage-sensitive @entity141 channels.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Secretory phospholipase A(2) ( @entity25191 ) exhibits @entity2359 in the central nervous system. There are high-affinity binding sites of the porcine pancreatic group IB @entity25191 ( @entity25191 ) in the brain. @entity25191 causes neuronal cell death via apoptosis in the @entity35 cerebral cortex. Although apoptosis is triggered by an influx of @entity141 into neurons, it has not yet been ascertained whether the @entity141 influx is associated with the @entity2359 of @entity25191 . We thus examined the possible involvement of @entity141 in the @entity2359 of @entity25191 in the primary culture of @entity35 cortical neurons. @entity25191 induced neuronal cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This death was accompanied by condensed chromatin and fragmented DNA, exhibiting apoptotic features. Before apoptosis, @entity25191 markedly enhanced the influx of @entity141 into neurons. A @entity460 chelator suppressed neurons from @entity25191 -induced neuronal cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. An L-type voltage-sensitive @entity141 channel (L-VSCC) blocker significantly protected the @entity25191 -potentiated influx of @entity141 . On the other hand, blockers of N-VSCC and P/Q-VSCC did not. An L-VSCC blocker protected neurons from @entity25191 -induced neuronal cell death. In addition, the L-VSCC blocker ameliorated the apoptotic features of @entity25191 -treated neurons. Neither an N-VSCC blocker nor P/Q-VSCC blockers affected the @entity2359 of the enzyme. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the influx of @entity141 into neurons play an important role in the @entity2359 of @entity25191 . Furthermore, the present study suggests that L-VSCC contribute to the @entity25191 -potentiated influx of @entity141 into neurons.

title: Porcine pancreatic group IB secretory phospholipase A2 potentiates @entity141 influx through L-type voltage-sensitive XXXX channels.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in causing progressive @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We examined the influence of add-on ANG II receptor blockade administered as @entity9886 (50 mg/day for 1 mo) on oxidative stress and proinflammatory state of the kidney in @entity1 with @entity740 . All subjects were taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor plus other antihypertensive agents. Oxidative stress to lipids and proteins was measured by an HPLC assay for @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity6738 concentration, respectively. Urinary @entity32 was measured by @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) excretion rate. The etiology of @entity740 was @entity6 in 12 and @entity631 in 4 @entity1 . There was no change in @entity644 or 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) with add-on ANG II receptor blockade with @entity9886 therapy. Before @entity9886 therapy, urinary protein and albumin oxidation were 99 and 71% higher, respectively, compared with in plasma (P < 0.05). There was a 35% reduction in urinary oxidized albumin with add-on @entity9886 therapy (P = 0.036). Urinary and plasma @entity1865 were elevated compared with age-matched controls. Urinary @entity1865 was significantly reduced from 4.75 +/- 3.23 to 3.39 +/- 2.17 micromol/g @entity1011 with add-on @entity9886 therapy. However, plasma @entity1865 or oxidized proteins did not change in response to additional ANG II blockade. A good correlation was seen between the change in urinary oxidized albumin and @entity2842 levels (r = 0.61, P = 0.012). These data demonstrate that oxidative damage to urinary protein and lipids can be reduced with additional ANG II receptor blockade, independently of reductions in @entity644 or BP. Urinary measurements of markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins appear to be more sensitive than plasma measurements in @entity1 with @entity740 . The significant association of the change in urinary @entity2842 with a reduction in oxidative stress supports the role of the redox state in the kidney with @entity8 .

title: Proinflammatory effects of oxidative stress in XXXX : role of additional angiotensin II blockade.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis and progressive kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Insular cortex (IC) receives inputs from multiple sensory systems, including taste, and from receptors that monitor body electrolyte and fluid balance and blood pressure. This work analyzed metabolic activity of IC cells after water and @entity1372 ingestion induced by @entity1372 depletion. @entity35 were injected with the diuretic @entity1483 (10 mg/kg body wt), followed 5 min later by injections of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity3371 (5 mg/kg body wt). After 90 min, some @entity35 received water and 0.3 M @entity1219 to drink for 2 h while others did not. A third group had access to water and saline but was not depleted of fluids. All @entity35 were killed for processing of brain tissue for @entity5019 -immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -ir). Nondepleted animals had weak-to-moderate levels of @entity5019 -ir within subregions of IC. Fluid-depleted @entity35 without fluid access had significantly increased @entity5019 -ir in all areas of IC. Levels of @entity5019 -ir were highest in fluid-depleted @entity35 that drank water and @entity1372 . @entity5019 -ir levels were highest in anterior regions of IC and lowest in posterior regions of IC. These results implicate visceral, taste, and/or postingestional factors in the increased metabolic activity of cells in IC.

title: Increased cellular activity in XXXX insular cortex after water and salt ingestion induced by fluid depletion.

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) blockade is one option to decrease acute rejection rates in kidney transplant recipients. However, there are little data on the impact of basiliximab in a triple immunosuppressive regimen ( @entity1140 , @entity618 , and low-dose @entity230 ). Thus, this analysis aims at investigating the impact of basiliximab induction on rejection rates and immediate graft function following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Basiliximab was introduced in our center according to our center's policy in the beginning of 2011. @entity1 who received basiliximab (n  = 83) were compared with @entity1 without induction therapy (n  = 65) transplanted before the introduction of @entity2902 antibody induction. RESULTS: The use of basiliximab as induction therapy decreased the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) within the 1st year after transplantation (21.5% vs 14.5%; P  = .283). Overall rejection episodes (including BPAR and borderline rejection) were significantly reduced in @entity1 with basiliximab compared with @entity1 without (41.5% vs 24.1%; P  = .033). However, graft function (incidence of delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, slow graft function, and serum @entity1011 decline) and overall outcome ( @entity1 and graft survivals) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found a favorable impact of basiliximab induction therapy on early acute rejection rate. The impact on long-term outcome must be addressed in further randomized controlled trials.

title: @entity1140 , Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Low-Dose XXXX With or  Without Interleukin-2 Receptor Antibody Induction Therapy: A  Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL2R', 'interleukin-2 receptor']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) blockade is one option to decrease acute rejection rates in kidney transplant recipients. However, there are little data on the impact of basiliximab in a triple immunosuppressive regimen ( @entity1140 , @entity618 , and low-dose @entity230 ). Thus, this analysis aims at investigating the impact of basiliximab induction on rejection rates and immediate graft function following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Basiliximab was introduced in our center according to our center's policy in the beginning of 2011. @entity1 who received basiliximab (n  = 83) were compared with @entity1 without induction therapy (n  = 65) transplanted before the introduction of @entity2902 antibody induction. RESULTS: The use of basiliximab as induction therapy decreased the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) within the 1st year after transplantation (21.5% vs 14.5%; P  = .283). Overall rejection episodes (including BPAR and borderline rejection) were significantly reduced in @entity1 with basiliximab compared with @entity1 without (41.5% vs 24.1%; P  = .033). However, graft function (incidence of delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, slow graft function, and serum @entity1011 decline) and overall outcome ( @entity1 and graft survivals) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found a favorable impact of basiliximab induction therapy on early acute rejection rate. The impact on long-term outcome must be addressed in further randomized controlled trials.

title: XXXX , Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Low-Dose @entity230 With or  Without Interleukin-2 Receptor Antibody Induction Therapy: A  Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: In the adult @entity1 , nerve fibres do not regrow into the spinal cord after a dorsal root lesion. The elongation of dorsal root nerve fibres into the spinal cord of neonatal @entity35 was examined: L4 and L5 dorsal roots were crushed in @entity35 pups. After 3-6 months, the dorsal root-spinal cord junction was investigated morphologically in several long series of ultrathin cross-sections. In @entity35 which had been operated on at birth (0-2 days old), axons from the lesional roots could be followed into the CNS tissue of the spinal cord. In contrast to normal development, the usual short segment of CNS glia did not grow into the neonatally lesioned roots. Instead, the CNS-PNS border was located within the spinal cord. The nerve fibres, which were of normal diameter, had regrown across the PNS-CNS border and elongated further into the CNS environment of the spinal cord. In @entity35 operated on at the end of the first postnatal week or later, the largest dorsal root nerve fibres were only half the size of those in unoperated animals and reinnervation of the spinal cord had not occurred. An astrocyte-dominated CNS segment had developed in these roots. The impact of an early @entity528 on the development of certain glia cells and their importance in the outcome of spinal cord reinnervation are discussed.

title: Reinnervation of the XXXX spinal cord after neonatal dorsal root crush.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: 1. We have begun to analyze neurotransmitter-activated conductances in @entity2479 cells by measuring the response of single voltage-clamped adult @entity2083 @entity4494 cells to @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ). Here we describe 1) our method of identifying @entity4494 cells in vitro after their dissociation from @entity2788 , and 2) the response of these cells to @entity1246 in the tight-seal whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp method (cf. 41) after 1-4 days of primary cell culture. 2. Ganglion cell somata were backfilled in situ by injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the optic nerve. After dissociation of the retinas containing these cells, HRP reaction product was localized to cells that retained the size, shape, and an intracellular organelle characteristic of @entity4494 cells in situ. These features enabled us thereafter to identify @entity4494 cells in vitro without retrograde marker transport. 3. @entity1246 (3-10 microM) elicited inward currents and substantial noise increases in almost all @entity4494 cells at negative holding potentials. Reversal potential measurements in salines containing different @entity2865 concentrations indicated that @entity1246 produces a @entity2865 -selective conductance increase in @entity4494 cells. @entity1027 (10 microM) reversibly inhibited @entity4494 cell @entity1246 responses. @entity1772 (10 microM) alone elicited no responses in @entity4494 cells. 4. Noise analysis of @entity1246 -activated whole cell currents yielded elementary conductance estimates of 16 pS, with a slow time constant of 30 ms plus a faster component of 1-2 ms. No significant voltage dependence of these values was observed between -20 and -80 mV. 5. We have thus devised a means of identifying @entity4494 cells dissociated from adult retinas, identified GABAA receptors (cf. 16) on these cells, and found that the responses mediated by these receptors resemble those found in other regions of central nervous system (CNS). These results are consistent with the notion that @entity1246 may function as an inhibitory transmitter at synapses on @entity4494 cells.

title: @entity1246 -activated whole-cell currents in isolated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['papain-treated retinas']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: 1. We have begun to analyze neurotransmitter-activated conductances in @entity2479 cells by measuring the response of single voltage-clamped adult @entity2083 @entity4494 cells to @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ). Here we describe 1) our method of identifying @entity4494 cells in vitro after their dissociation from @entity2788 , and 2) the response of these cells to @entity1246 in the tight-seal whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp method (cf. 41) after 1-4 days of primary cell culture. 2. Ganglion cell somata were backfilled in situ by injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the optic nerve. After dissociation of the retinas containing these cells, HRP reaction product was localized to cells that retained the size, shape, and an intracellular organelle characteristic of @entity4494 cells in situ. These features enabled us thereafter to identify @entity4494 cells in vitro without retrograde marker transport. 3. @entity1246 (3-10 microM) elicited inward currents and substantial noise increases in almost all @entity4494 cells at negative holding potentials. Reversal potential measurements in salines containing different @entity2865 concentrations indicated that @entity1246 produces a @entity2865 -selective conductance increase in @entity4494 cells. @entity1027 (10 microM) reversibly inhibited @entity4494 cell @entity1246 responses. @entity1772 (10 microM) alone elicited no responses in @entity4494 cells. 4. Noise analysis of @entity1246 -activated whole cell currents yielded elementary conductance estimates of 16 pS, with a slow time constant of 30 ms plus a faster component of 1-2 ms. No significant voltage dependence of these values was observed between -20 and -80 mV. 5. We have thus devised a means of identifying @entity4494 cells dissociated from adult retinas, identified GABAA receptors (cf. 16) on these cells, and found that the responses mediated by these receptors resemble those found in other regions of central nervous system (CNS). These results are consistent with the notion that @entity1246 may function as an inhibitory transmitter at synapses on @entity4494 cells.

title: XXXX -activated whole-cell currents in isolated @entity2479 cells.

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: PURPOSE: Computed tomography (CT) is the most appropriate imaging modality for the assessment of @entity697 at the emergency unit. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcome of the @entity1 presented first time with symptoms of @entity697 and low CRP values. METHODS: Two-hundred @entity1 , who presented with the symptoms of @entity697 and had CRP values under 150  mg/L, underwent abdominal CT examination on admission to Oulu University Hospital. The clinical parameters and radiological findings were compared in relation to clinical outcome both by means of univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Seventy-one (35.5  %) of the 200 @entity1 presented on admission with complicated @entity4436 . CRP values between 100 and 150  mg/L predicted complicated disease, but the mean values of CRP between @entity66 , 89  mg/ @entity23450 , and complicated disease, 101  mg/ @entity23450 , did not differ significantly. Free intra-abdominal fluid in CT was the only independent risk factor of the need for interventional therapy and treatment in the intensive care unit. Longevity of the @entity1 and free fluid in CT predicted significantly prolonged hospitalization. Mortality was 1  % and older @entity1 were significantly affected. The recurrence rate of @entity697 was 24  % (43/177) in the whole group and 18  % (23/129) after uncomplicated @entity4436 . CONCLUSIONS: Low CRP values do not reliably predict @entity66 in @entity1 presented first time at the emergency unit with @entity697 . We recommend that the need for abdominal CT is carefully evaluated according to the @entity1 's clinical status, always even when the CRP value is under 150  mg/L.

title: The role of low CRP values in the prediction of the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute diverticulitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the content of @entity620 in the corneal epithelium and @entity7462 reflects seasonal fluctuations in parallel with environmental changes. METHODS: @entity4378 , @entity291 , @entity95 , and @entity1 were examined, to cover a broad spectrum of overlapping habitats. @entity620 was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The thickness of the corneal epithelium was measured, and the number of cells was counted in the tissue sections. RESULTS: Three groups of @entity4378 eyes were used, two of them collected during summer, the third group during winter. @entity9050 content did not show seasonal variation in either the corneal epithelium or the @entity7462 , whereas epithelial thickness and number of cells decreased significantly from summer to winter. In @entity291 , @entity9050 content, thickness of the epithelium, and number of cells were lower in animals tended indoors compared with those tended outdoors, whereas @entity9050 level in the @entity7462 remained similar in both cases. The @entity95 showed significantly reduced @entity9050 content in the corneal epithelium but not in the @entity7462 in @entity735 . This procedure did not change epithelial thickness, but the number of cells was slightly increased. The mean epithelial thickness in @entity1 corneas successively decreased with increasing latitude and decreasing radiation exposure from the summer season in Oslo to the midnight sun, polar night, conditions in Troms  , 10 degrees far north, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient radiation is needed to sustain high @entity620 concentration in the corneal epithelium. Corneal epithelial thickness and number of cells are prone to seasonal fluctuations regulated by ambient radiation. In contrast, @entity9050 content of the @entity7462 is uninfluenced by environmental change. It is suggested that seasonal adaptation of @entity1 corneal epithelium in response to variation in ambient radiation may be nature's strategy for countering radiation damage to the eye.

title: Impact of the environment on the XXXX corneal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['tarsorrhaphy-treated eyes']

entities_list: @entity4378 :: ('9870', 'Species') :: ['Reindeer', 'reindeer']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']