abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the role of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated @entity1206 (Thermo-Vin) in combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity96 . Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional animal care and use committee was obtained before this study. First, the anticancer efficacy of Thermo-Vin was assessed in vitro (H22 cells) for 72 hours at 37  C or 42  C. Next, 203 H22 liver @entity420 were implanted in 191 @entity19 for in vivo study. @entity5 were randomized into seven groups: (a) no treatment, (b) treatment with RF ablation alone, (c) treatment with RF ablation followed by free @entity1206 (Free-Vin) at 30 minutes, (d) treatment with RF ablation followed by empty liposomes (Empty-Lip+RF), (e) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (5 mg/kg), (f) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (10 mg/kg), and (g) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (20 mg/kg). @entity5 destruction areas and pathologic changes were compared for different groups at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare end-point survival ( @entity5 < 30 mm in diameter). Additionally, the effect of initial @entity5 size on long-term outcome was analyzed. Results In vitro, both Free-Vin and Thermo-Vin dramatically inhibited H22 cell viability at 24 hours. Likewise, in vivo, 10 mg/kg Thermo-Vin+RF ablation increased @entity5 destruction compared with RF ablation (P = .001). Intratumoral @entity1206 accumulation with Thermo-Vin+RF increased 15-fold compared with Free-Vin alone. Thermo-Vin substantially increased apoptosis at the coagulation margin and suppressed cellular proliferation in the @entity41 (P < .001). The Thermo-Vin+RF study arm also had better survival than the arm treated with RF ablation alone (mean, 37.6 days    20.1 vs 23.4 days    5.0; P = .001), the arm treated with Free-Vin+RF (23.3 days    1.2, P = .002), or the arm treated with Empty-Lip+RF (20.8 days    0.4, P < .001) in animals with medium-sized (10-12-mm) @entity5 . No significant difference in end-point survival was noted in the treatment arms with large or small @entity5 . Conclusion Thermo-Vin can effectively increase @entity5 destruction and improve animal survival. End-point survival is most affected in animals with medium-sized @entity5 , suggesting that combination therapy should be tailored to @entity5 size and the expected volume of ablation of the device used. (  ) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Does Thermosensitive Liposomal @entity1206 Improve End-Point Survival after Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of @entity96 in a XXXX Model?

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine changes over time in self and caregiver ratings of quality of life (QoL) in @entity1 with @entity303 (PwD) and to identify factors associated with changes in QoL ratings. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, 69 @entity1 with mild @entity195 and their caregivers were assessed at baseline and after 1 year. We examined the association of QoL ratings with the following variables at the two time points: awareness of disease, @entity73 , mood, functionality, @entity146 , and caregiver burden. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of co-factors. RESULTS: At baseline, PwD self-ratings of QoL were associated with caregiver ratings of PwD QoL (p = 0.001). Caregiver ratings were associated with PwD mood (p = 0.001) and self-rated QoL (p = 0.001). After 1 year, caregiver ratings of PwD QoL changed significantly (p = 0.049, d = -0.27), whereas PwD self-ratings did not (p = 0.89, d = 0.09). PwD awareness of disease changed significantly (p = 0.001) at 1 year, having declined in 25.4% and improved in 12.3% of @entity1 . PwD QoL self-ratings were associated with caregiver ratings (p = 0.001). Caregiver ratings of PwD QoL after 1 year were associated with PwD mood (p = 0.029), self-reported QoL (p = 0.001), and awareness of disease (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The association between self and caregiver ratings of PwD QoL was maintained over 1 year. The primary factors accounting for the change in caregiver ratings were PwD mood and awareness of disease. QoL and @entity73 seem to be relatively independent in mild @entity303 .

title: Quality of life in mild XXXX : patterns of change in self and caregiver ratings over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive status']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity548 (AVB) is a medical emergency and associated with a mortality of 20% at 6  weeks. Significant advances have occurred in the recent past and hence there is a need to update the existing consensus guidelines. There is also a need to include the literature from the Eastern and Asian countries where majority of @entity1 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) live. METHODS: The expert working party, predominantly from the Asia-Pacific region, reviewed the existing literature and deliberated to develop consensus guidelines. The working party adopted the Oxford system for developing an evidence-based approach. Only those statements that were unanimously approved by the experts were accepted. RESULTS: AVB is defined as a bleed in a known or suspected case of @entity101 , with the presence of @entity6552 within 24  h of presentation, and/or ongoing melena, with last melanic stool within last 24  h. The time frame for the AVB episode is 48  h. AVB is further classified as active or inactive at the time of endoscopy. Combination therapy with vasoactive drugs (<30  min of hospitalization) and endoscopic variceal ligation (door to scope time <6  h) is accepted as first-line therapy. Rebleeding (48  h of T (0)) is further sub-classified as very early rebleeding (48 to 120  h from T (0)), early rebleeding (6 to 42  days from T (0)) and late rebleeding (after 42  days from T (0)) to maintain uniformity in clinical trials. Emphasis should be to evaluate the role of adjusted blood requirement index (ABRI), assessment of associated comorbid conditions and poor predictors of non-response to combination therapy, and proposed APASL (Asian Pacific Association for Study of the Liver) Severity Score in assessing these @entity1 . Role of hepatic venous pressure gradient in AVB is considered useful. Antibiotic ( @entity2886 ) prophylaxis is recommended and search for acute @entity99 should be done. New guidelines have been developed for management of variceal bleed in @entity1 with non-cirrhotic @entity101 in pediatric @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Management of acute @entity548 in Asia-Pacific region needs special attention for uniformity of treatment and future clinical trials.

title: Diagnosis and management of acute XXXX : Asian Pacific Association for Study of the Liver recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['PHT', 'portal hypertension', 'PHT and variceal bleed']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic hepatic injury']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: @entity378 and @entity370 share similarity in histopathologic findings and clinically occur in association with each other occasionally. @entity378 should always be ruled out before the diagnosis of @entity370 . But, the diagnosis is often complicated, especially in extrapulmonary cases. Here we present a case of bilateral @entity548 with @entity1596 . @entity2194 was initially diagnosed based on the characteristic ocular findings, negative results on chest radiography, @entity378 culture, and polymerase chain reaction of aqueous, as well as simultaneous presence of panda and lambda sign on @entity2719 -67 scans. The ocular condition improved after pars plana vitrectomy and systemic @entity134 therapy. However, @entity1906 lymphadenopathy but no recurrent @entity32 was found 6  years later. The patient received anti- @entity1906 treatment for 6  months thereafter. The eyes remained silent except @entity231 progression and @entity726 under two medications during this period. In conclusion, @entity1906 could occur coincidently or in association with @entity370 , continued follow-up is important for @entity1 with @entity2194 .

title: XXXX and @entity378 : coincidence or real association.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular sarcoidosis', 'ocular sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular sarcoidosis']


abstract: @entity378 and @entity370 share similarity in histopathologic findings and clinically occur in association with each other occasionally. @entity378 should always be ruled out before the diagnosis of @entity370 . But, the diagnosis is often complicated, especially in extrapulmonary cases. Here we present a case of bilateral @entity548 with @entity1596 . @entity2194 was initially diagnosed based on the characteristic ocular findings, negative results on chest radiography, @entity378 culture, and polymerase chain reaction of aqueous, as well as simultaneous presence of panda and lambda sign on @entity2719 -67 scans. The ocular condition improved after pars plana vitrectomy and systemic @entity134 therapy. However, @entity1906 lymphadenopathy but no recurrent @entity32 was found 6  years later. The patient received anti- @entity1906 treatment for 6  months thereafter. The eyes remained silent except @entity231 progression and @entity726 under two medications during this period. In conclusion, @entity1906 could occur coincidently or in association with @entity370 , continued follow-up is important for @entity1 with @entity2194 .

title: @entity2194 and XXXX : coincidence or real association.

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous lymphadenopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the hypo- and @entity1602 outcomes associated with implementing the @entity7593 ( @entity7593 ) guideline for a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of less than 8% in frail older adults with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DESIGN: Guideline implementation. SETTING: Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly. @entity1 : All @entity1 in the before (October 2002-December 2004, n=338), early (January 2005-June 2006, n=289) and late (July 2006-December 2008, n=385) periods of guideline implementation with a diagnosis of @entity6 and at least one HbA1c measurement. INTERVENTION: Clinician education in 2005 with annual monitoring of the proportion of each clinician's @entity1 with @entity6 with HbA1c less than 8%. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4053 (blood @entity413 <50 mg/dL), @entity4854 (blood @entity413 >400 mg/dL), and severe @entity4053 ( @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visit for @entity4053 ). RESULTS: @entity1 in the before, early, and late periods were similar in age, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, and functional @entity734 . Antihyperglycemic medication use was greater in the late period, with more @entity1 using @entity2449 (28% before, 42% late, P<.001) and insulin (23% before, 34% late, P<.001) and achieving the @entity7593 glycemic target of HbA1c of less than 8% (74% before, 84% late, P<.001). Episodes of @entity4854 (per 100 @entity1 -years) were dramatically lower in the late period (159 before, 46 late, P<.001), and episodes of @entity4053 were similar (10.1 before, 9.3 late, P=.50). There were more episodes of severe @entity4053 in the early period (1.1 before, 2.9 early, P=.03). CONCLUSION: Implementing the @entity7593 glycemic control guideline for frail older adults led to fewer @entity1602 episodes but more severe hypoglycemic episodes requiring @entity341 visits in the early implementation period. Future glycemic control guideline implementation efforts should be coupled with close monitoring for severe @entity4053 in the early guideline implementation period.

title: The risks and benefits of implementing glycemic control guidelines in frail older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['AGS', 'American Geriatrics Society']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: We estimated the differences in intensity, cost, radiation exposure and @entity5 control of published surveillance guidelines screening for @entity1358 in @entity1 treated with partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a Monte Carlo simulation model to contrast the existing guidelines in terms of cost, radiation exposure and @entity5 control. Model inputs were extrapolated from the existing literature. Surveillance guidelines were analyzed from the AUA, CUA, EAU and @entity25438  . Risk stratification among @entity1 treated with partial nephrectomy was based on @entity5 characteristics. RESULTS: Expected costs during the 5 years after partial nephrectomy were  587 (CUA),  1,076 (AUA),  1,705 (EAU) and  1,768 (NCCN) for low risk @entity1 , and  903 (CUA),  2,525 (EAU) and  3,904 (AUA and NCCN) for high risk @entity1 . Radiation exposure ranged from 31.41 @entity2073 (CUA) to 104.34 @entity2073 (NCCN) for low risk @entity1 and 46.88 @entity2073 (CUA) to 231.61 @entity2073 (AUA and NCCN) for high risk @entity1 . The EAU and CUA guidelines led to the diagnosis of the highest percentage of low risk @entity1 (more than 95%) while all guidelines diagnosed more than 92% of high risk @entity1 with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 surveillance guidelines differ greatly in terms of intensity, cost and radiation exposure. It is important for clinicians to adopt standardized surveillance strategies that limit unnecessary cost and radiation exposure without compromising @entity5 control.

title: XXXX Surveillance Guidelines: Competing Trade-Offs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'secondary renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Comparison of Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inhibition of the @entity1 cardiac @entity4024 channel ( @entity6500 ) can prolong the QRS complex and has been associated with increased mortality in @entity1 with underlying @entity65 . The safety implications of blocking @entity6500 channels suggest the need to test for this activity early in drug discovery in order to design out any potential liability. However, interpretation of @entity6500 blocking potency requires knowledge of how @entity6500 block translates into prolongation of the QRS complex. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We tested Class I anti-arrhythmics, other known QRS prolonging drugs and drugs not reported to prolong the QRS complex. Their block of @entity6500 channels (as IC(50) values) was measured in an automated electrophysiology-based assay. These IC(50) values were compared with published reports of the corresponding unbound (free) plasma concentrations attained during clinical use (fC(max)) to provide an IC(50) : fC(max) ratio. KEY RESULTS For 42 Class I anti-arrhythmics and other QRS prolonging drugs, 67% had IC(50) : fC(max) ratios <30. For 55 non-QRS prolonging drugs tested, 72% had ratios >100. Finally, we determined the relationship between the IC(50) value and the free drug concentration associated with prolongation of the QRS complex in @entity1 . For 37 drugs, QRS complex prolongation was observed at free plasma concentrations that were about 15-fold lower than the corresponding IC(50) at @entity6500 channels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A margin of 30- to 100-fold between @entity6500 IC(50) and fC(max) appears to confer an acceptable degree of safety from QRS prolongation. QRS prolongation occurs on average at free plasma levels 15-fold below the IC(50) at @entity6500 channels. LINKED ARTICLE: This article is commented on by Gintant et al., pp. 254-259 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01433.x.

title: On the relationship between block of the cardiac XXXX    channel and drug-induced prolongation of the QRS complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na']


abstract: PURPOSE: A questionnaire survey was conducted in Japan to investigate the causes and prevalence of death related to @entity3148 . METHODS: A questionnaire was delivered to 246 hospitals at which physicians were treating childhood @entity302 to gain information about the total number of @entity1 with @entity3148 and their prevalence of @entity204 . KEY FINDINGS: Responses to the survey were collected from 91 hospitals, and a total of 63 of 623 @entity1 with @entity3148 died. Data from 59 of these @entity1 were analyzed. The @entity1 ' ages at death ranged from 13 months to 24 years and 11 months, with a median age of 6 years and 8 months. The analysis showed that the risk of mortality remained high up to approximately 12 years of age. The causes of mortality included @entity944 in 31 @entity1 (53%), @entity131 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in 21 @entity1 (36%), drowning in 6 @entity1 (10%), and acute hepatopathy in one @entity1 (1%). The incidence of @entity944 reached a first peak at 1-3 years of age and reached a second peak at 18 years and older. In contrast, the incidence of @entity131 with @entity159 reached a sharp peak at 6 years of age. Seven of 10 @entity1 who underwent an @entity8031 mutation analysis exhibited positive mutations without a specific mutation site. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, the prevalence of @entity3148 -related mortality was 10.1%. The incidence of @entity944 and @entity131 with @entity159 was the highest in infancy (1-3 years) and at early school ages (with a peak at 6 years), respectively. After approximately 12 years of age, the risk of mortality declined sharply. Neither the treatment nor the number of @entity410 was associated with any cause of mortality. In addition, it is difficult to predict which factors lead to a fatal outcome.

title: Retrospective multiinstitutional study of the prevalence of XXXX in @entity3148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Dravet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['early death']


abstract: PURPOSE: A questionnaire survey was conducted in Japan to investigate the causes and prevalence of death related to @entity3148 . METHODS: A questionnaire was delivered to 246 hospitals at which physicians were treating childhood @entity302 to gain information about the total number of @entity1 with @entity3148 and their prevalence of @entity204 . KEY FINDINGS: Responses to the survey were collected from 91 hospitals, and a total of 63 of 623 @entity1 with @entity3148 died. Data from 59 of these @entity1 were analyzed. The @entity1 ' ages at death ranged from 13 months to 24 years and 11 months, with a median age of 6 years and 8 months. The analysis showed that the risk of mortality remained high up to approximately 12 years of age. The causes of mortality included @entity944 in 31 @entity1 (53%), @entity131 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in 21 @entity1 (36%), drowning in 6 @entity1 (10%), and acute hepatopathy in one @entity1 (1%). The incidence of @entity944 reached a first peak at 1-3 years of age and reached a second peak at 18 years and older. In contrast, the incidence of @entity131 with @entity159 reached a sharp peak at 6 years of age. Seven of 10 @entity1 who underwent an @entity8031 mutation analysis exhibited positive mutations without a specific mutation site. SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, the prevalence of @entity3148 -related mortality was 10.1%. The incidence of @entity944 and @entity131 with @entity159 was the highest in infancy (1-3 years) and at early school ages (with a peak at 6 years), respectively. After approximately 12 years of age, the risk of mortality declined sharply. Neither the treatment nor the number of @entity410 was associated with any cause of mortality. In addition, it is difficult to predict which factors lead to a fatal outcome.

title: Retrospective multiinstitutional study of the prevalence of @entity204 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['Dravet syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the different types and sequences of manoeuvres to overcome @entity1266 and the rates of associated @entity2241 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: A university hospital. POPULATION: Pregnancies complicated with @entity1266 from 1995 to 2009. METHODS: Cases were identified from the hospital electronic delivery records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The success rate between McRoberts' manoeuvre, rotational methods and posterior arm delivery, and the incidences of @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ), @entity174 ( @entity174 ) and @entity174 ( @entity174 ) according to the types and sequences of manoeuvres applied to overcome @entity1266 . RESULTS: Among 205 cases identified, McRoberts' manoeuvre was successful initially in 25% of cases, of which 7.8% suffered from @entity2685 and 3.9% suffered from @entity174 , but none had @entity174 . In the failed cases, subsequent rotational methods and posterior arm delivery were similarly successful (72.0 versus 63.6%), whereas the former was associated with less @entity2685 (4.4 versus 21.4%) and @entity174 (1.1 versus 7.1%) despite similar risk of @entity174 (5.6 versus 7.1%). The rotational methods were not associated with a higher @entity2241 risk compared with McRoberts' manoeuvre. The remaining cases were managed by applying the third yet untried manoeuvre, and posterior arm delivery and rotational methods had similar success (77.1 versus 62.5%). The cumulative success rates after the second and the third manoeuvres were 79.0 and 94.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Following the failure of McRoberts' manoeuvre, subsequent application of rotational methods and posterior arm delivery have similarly high success rates but the former may be associated with @entity2241 .

title: Comparison of perinatal outcomes of XXXX alleviated by different type and sequence of manoeuvres: a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'HF', 'humeral fracture', 'clavicular fracture']

entities_list: @entity1266 :: ('MESH:D004420', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder dystocia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal injury', 'less fetal injury']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['BPI', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity1266 :: (MESH:D004420,Disease) :: ['shoulder dystocia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate voice and quality of life after transoral laser resection of early @entity189 . METHODS: We studied 19 @entity1 undergoing transoral laser resection of @entity5 stage (T) one or T2 @entity189 . Laryngeal function was evaluated by video-stroboscopy, vocal function by the Voice Symptom Scale, the grade-roughness-breathiness-asthenia-strain scale and objective phoniatric assessment, and quality of life by the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1 ' @entity189 @entity5 -node-metastasis (TNM) staging was T1 N0 M0 in 14 @entity1 and T2 N0 M0 in five. Overall voice grade, roughness and breathiness were mild to moderate in 84 per cent; asthenia and @entity6475 were more uniformly distributed, with 15 per cent of @entity1 having normal voice quality. Eight @entity1 developed a glottic web post-operatively; anterior commissure web was significantly associated with worse voice grade (p = 0.05). Seven @entity1 (47 per cent) had a 'mucosal wave' on the operated vocal fold; this was significantly associated with less strain on phonation (p = 0.05). Voice Symptom Scale score was low overall (15 @entity1 (78.9 per cent) scored less than 30). The fundamental frequency and frequency irregularity were normal in nine @entity1 (47.3 per cent); the closed quotient was normal in six (31.5 per cent). The averaged quality of life score was >=  90 in 14 @entity1 (73.7 per cent); 18 (94.7 per cent) felt their health-related quality of life was either the same or better post-operatively; and overall quality of life was positive in all. CONCLUSION: Transoral laser resection of T1 and T2 @entity189 enables adequate @entity5 tissue excision with preservation of acceptable vocal function. Most @entity1 ' post-operative quality of life is very good. Anterior commissure web formation is associated with poorer vocal function.

title: Evaluation of voice and quality of life after transoral endoscopic laser resection of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['voice strain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of transoral laser microsurgery for the treatment of early @entity5 at our institution. DESIGN: Cohort study. Retrospective review of charts of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 stage 1 or 2 (early stage; no nodes or @entity3 ), previously untreated, primary @entity5 , treated with transoral laser microsurgery at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The minimum follow-up period was two years. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity135 centre. @entity1 : Fifty-three @entity1 treated between January 2002 and November 2007. OUTCOME MEASURE: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for disease-free survival, overall survival and laryngectomy-free survival, at five years. RESULTS: The group comprised 46 @entity1 and seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 66 years (range 30-84 years). Mean follow up was 40 months (range 12-89 months). There were four cases of complications (7.5 per cent). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a five-year disease-free survival (including salvage) of 96.2 per cent, a five-year overall survival (all causes) of 88.8 per cent and a five-year laryngectomy-free survival of 98.1 per cent. CONCLUSION: Transoral laser microsurgery is a safe and effective initial treatment for early @entity5 , and has high rates of laryngeal preservation and disease-free survival.

title: Transoral laser microsurgery outcomes with early XXXX : the Dalhousie University experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'glottic cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4854 is a frequent observation in the @entity1187 . We analyzed the relationship between @entity4854 on admission and @entity1 with @entity1187 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of 455 @entity1 with @entity1187 with and without elevation of ST segment with high risk according to ACA/AHA criteria. We divided the sample according to the median glycemia on admission into < 139 mg/dl and >=  139 mg/dl. We studied the analytic, electrocardiography, echocardiography and epidemiologic variables. Using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model, we analyzed their relationship with the mortality as principal variable during a six-month period after the @entity1187 . RESULTS: Mean age was 64.3    12.7 years, 80.4% were male and 21.8% had been diagnosed with @entity6 . Mean glycemia on admission was 163.3    71.8 mg/dl. Forty-seven @entity1 died (10.3%), Mean glycemia of those who had died was 189.8    78.8 mg/dl compared to 160.3    70.4 mg/dl in the survival group (P = 0.003). @entity1 with @entity4854 on admission >=  139 mg/dl had higher mortality, hazard ratio (HR) =2.98 (confidence interval [CI 95%]: 1.06-8.4; P = 0.039). Elderly @entity1 , being a male, having @entity67 and @entity551 also showed an independent relationship with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 on admission >=  139 mg/dl in @entity1187 @entity1 is associated with a higher risk of @entity204 in the following six months, independently of @entity6 or other risk factors known.

title: [Hyperglycaemia as bad prognostic factor in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['initial decrease of blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of two different laparoscopic methods on ovarian reserve as determined by antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volume in @entity1 with @entity46 . DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: Tertiary education and research hospital. @entity1 (S): Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity46 . INTERVENTION(S): AFC and ovarian volumes determined before and after surgery; coagulation and cystectomy performed on one randomly selected side of each @entity1 for their @entity46 ; in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity2670 as determined by AFC and ovarian volume, and number of dominant follicles and retrieved oocytes after controlled @entity43 . RESULT(S): In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were performed for 37 of 48 @entity1 . The number of dominant follicles and the retrieved oocytes were assessed after controlled @entity43 . The postprocedural AFC was 3.67  1.26 and 4.75  0.60 after cystectomy and coagulation, respectively. A statistically significantly greater decrease in AFC was found after cystectomy as compared with coagulation. Postprocedural ovarian volumes were 6.27  1.95 and 9.87  2.01 after cystectomy and coagulation, respectively. A @entity43 was found after cystectomy when compared with coagulation. CONCLUSION(S): The decreases in AFC and ovarian volume were found for both coagulation and cystectomy, but the decrease was statistically significantly more frequent in cystectomized ovaries than in coagulated ovaries. Also, in the in vitro fertilization cycles, the ovarian response to ovulation induction was statistically significantly reduced in cystectomized ovaries as compared with coagulated ovaries.

title: The effect of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus coagulation in bilateral XXXX as determined by antral follicle count and ovarian volume: a prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'bilateral endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in ovarian volume', 'ovarian hyperstimulation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian reserve damage']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['endometriomas on ovarian reserve']


abstract: We have designed a clinically relevant model of perinatal @entity1763 providing intrapartum @entity519 in @entity35 . On gestation day 22 @entity168 @entity35 were anesthetized and the uterine horns were exteriorized and placed in a water bath at 37  C for up to 20min. After this, pups were delivered from the uterus and manually stimulated to initiate breathing in an incubator at 37  C for 1 h in air. Brains were harvested and stained with @entity10371 , @entity4124 , and TUNEL to detect morphological and apoptotic changes on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, and 7. Separate cohorts were maintained until PND 50 and tested for learning and memory using Morris water maze (WM). Survival rate was decreased with longer @entity519 time, and 100% mortality was noted when @entity519 time was beyond 18min. Apoptosis was increased with the duration of @entity519 with @entity528 and cell shrinkage in the @entity1249 of hippocampus. The time taken for the juveniles to locate the hidden platform during WM was increased in animals subjected to @entity519 . These data demonstrate that perinatal @entity63 leads to @entity528 in the hippocampus and long-lasting @entity73 . This model mimics @entity519 @entity63 @entity75 in @entity1 and may be appropriate for investigating therapeutic interventions.

title: A clinically relevant model of perinatal global XXXX @entity75 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: We have designed a clinically relevant model of perinatal @entity1763 providing intrapartum @entity519 in @entity35 . On gestation day 22 @entity168 @entity35 were anesthetized and the uterine horns were exteriorized and placed in a water bath at 37  C for up to 20min. After this, pups were delivered from the uterus and manually stimulated to initiate breathing in an incubator at 37  C for 1 h in air. Brains were harvested and stained with @entity10371 , @entity4124 , and TUNEL to detect morphological and apoptotic changes on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, and 7. Separate cohorts were maintained until PND 50 and tested for learning and memory using Morris water maze (WM). Survival rate was decreased with longer @entity519 time, and 100% mortality was noted when @entity519 time was beyond 18min. Apoptosis was increased with the duration of @entity519 with @entity528 and cell shrinkage in the @entity1249 of hippocampus. The time taken for the juveniles to locate the hidden platform during WM was increased in animals subjected to @entity519 . These data demonstrate that perinatal @entity63 leads to @entity528 in the hippocampus and long-lasting @entity73 . This model mimics @entity519 @entity63 @entity75 in @entity1 and may be appropriate for investigating therapeutic interventions.

title: A clinically relevant model of perinatal global @entity63 XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: We have designed a clinically relevant model of perinatal @entity1763 providing intrapartum @entity519 in @entity35 . On gestation day 22 @entity168 @entity35 were anesthetized and the uterine horns were exteriorized and placed in a water bath at 37  C for up to 20min. After this, pups were delivered from the uterus and manually stimulated to initiate breathing in an incubator at 37  C for 1 h in air. Brains were harvested and stained with @entity10371 , @entity4124 , and TUNEL to detect morphological and apoptotic changes on postnatal days (PND) 1, 3, and 7. Separate cohorts were maintained until PND 50 and tested for learning and memory using Morris water maze (WM). Survival rate was decreased with longer @entity519 time, and 100% mortality was noted when @entity519 time was beyond 18min. Apoptosis was increased with the duration of @entity519 with @entity528 and cell shrinkage in the @entity1249 of hippocampus. The time taken for the juveniles to locate the hidden platform during WM was increased in animals subjected to @entity519 . These data demonstrate that perinatal @entity63 leads to @entity528 in the hippocampus and long-lasting @entity73 . This model mimics @entity519 @entity63 @entity75 in @entity1 and may be appropriate for investigating therapeutic interventions.

title: A clinically relevant model of perinatal global @entity63 @entity75 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) plays a role in the tumorigenicity of @entity263 cells. METHODS: @entity5049 @entity263 cells were transfected with small interfering (si) @entity675 and siPDGFR-b, constructed according to the conventional small interfering RNA design standard. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and cell growth were studied to determine the characteristics of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b in vitro. The @entity263 xenograft model was established to investigate whether knockout of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b @entity263 @entity5 growth in vivo. The experimental groups were defined as group 1 ( @entity5049 cells only), group 2 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with small interfering green fluorescent protein), group 3 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a), group 4 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-b), and group 5 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b). RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b significantly blocked @entity675 and @entity3820 -b protein expression. After 48 hours of transfection of the @entity5049 cells with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b, the relative fractions of viable cells were reduced to 47.7% (P = .007) and 38.5% (P = .010). In vivo, @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b had significant @entity5 cell growth arrest compared with the @entity19 in groups 1 and 2 (P = .001). In addition, a significant reduction in the microvessel density was observed in @entity5 from the @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b might inhibit @entity263 cell growth by the suppression of angiogenesis.

title: XXXX using RNA interference-directed knockdown of @entity3820 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['decreases prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Inhibition of prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) plays a role in the tumorigenicity of @entity263 cells. METHODS: @entity5049 @entity263 cells were transfected with small interfering (si) @entity675 and siPDGFR-b, constructed according to the conventional small interfering RNA design standard. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and cell growth were studied to determine the characteristics of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b in vitro. The @entity263 xenograft model was established to investigate whether knockout of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b @entity263 @entity5 growth in vivo. The experimental groups were defined as group 1 ( @entity5049 cells only), group 2 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with small interfering green fluorescent protein), group 3 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a), group 4 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-b), and group 5 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b). RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b significantly blocked @entity675 and @entity3820 -b protein expression. After 48 hours of transfection of the @entity5049 cells with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b, the relative fractions of viable cells were reduced to 47.7% (P = .007) and 38.5% (P = .010). In vivo, @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b had significant @entity5 cell growth arrest compared with the @entity19 in groups 1 and 2 (P = .001). In addition, a significant reduction in the microvessel density was observed in @entity5 from the @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b might inhibit @entity263 cell growth by the suppression of angiogenesis.

title: @entity263 using RNA interference-directed knockdown of XXXX .

answer: @entity3820 :: (5159,Gene) :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent volunteer and clinical studies of @entity4487 (CP) have evaluated its use for outpatient spinal anesthesia. This retrospective review describes the discharge characteristics and reported side effects of spinal CP in a large number of @entity1 undergoing outpatient procedures. METHODS: All @entity1 who received spinal anesthesia for ambulatory procedures over a 20-month period were accessed using computer-generated reports. Charts from 601 anesthetics were analyzed for spinal drug used, block characteristics, side effects and discharge data. RESULTS: CP was the most frequently used spinal anesthetic (84% of cases, n=503) for outpatient procedures. CP (median dose 40 mg, range 20-60 mg) times from injection to ambulation and discharge were 107  24 and 171  45 min, respectively. @entity3303 (median dose 60 mg, range 30-100 mg, n=84) times from injection to ambulation and discharge were 155  40 and 224  57 min, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of urinary retention, the most common side effect, was similar in both groups. There were no reports of transient @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: For ambulatory @entity1 at our institution, the time to achievement of discharge criteria was significantly reduced with CP 40 vs. @entity3303 60 mg. There have been no reports of perioperative @entity16 with the introduction of CP as a spinal anesthetic at our institution.

title: XXXX for spinal anesthesia: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms', 'neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprocaine']

answer: @entity4487 :: (MESH:C004616,Chemical) :: ['Chloroprocaine']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess by surface electromyography (sEMG) the changes in upper and lower orbicular oris (OO) muscles produced by a preformed functional device in subjects with Class II, division 1 @entity3232 , @entity2632 . Twenty-eight subjects were selected: 13 subjects (mean age 9    1.5 years) with @entity17431 , @entity2632 were treated with a preformed functional device, while 15 subjects (mean age 9.5    0.8 years) with normal occlusion were used as control. Inclusion criteria for both groups were: presence of mixed dentition, no previous orthodontic treatment, and absence of speech disturbance. sEMG recordings were taken at the time of the first visit (T0), and after 3 (T1) and 6 months (T2) for the treated group, and at T0 and T2 for the control group. The sEMG recording was performed at rest, and while kissing, swallowing, opening the mouth, clenching the teeth, and during protrusion of the mandible, by placing electrodes at the area of muscle contraction. At T0, except during swallowing, the treated group always showed a lower sEMG activity of the lower OO muscle with respect to the control group, with significant differences at rest and during mandibular protrusion (p<0.05). In the treated group, a significant increase in muscle tone was observed for the lower OO muscle from T0 to T1, but only at rest. The upper OO muscle showed a significant increase during the protrusion of the mandible from T1 to T2. No significant change was observed in the control group during the follow-up. Muscular contractility of treated @entity1 at T2 reached the same values as that of the control group at T2. Interceptive orthodontics seems to improve the form and function of the orofacial muscle structure. Improvement in muscle contraction after treatment was demonstrated by sEMG.

title: Effects of interceptive orthodontics on orbicular muscle activity: a surface electromyographic study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['deep bite, and labial incompetence']

entities_list: @entity17431 :: ('MESH:D008312', 'Disease') :: ['Class II malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the standing @entity1641 using measurement of gastric pressures as a less invasive technique, and to compare this method with direct intraabdominal pressures obtained from the peritoneal cavity. DESIGN: Prospective, experimental study. SETTING: University-based @entity1641 research facility. ANIMALS: Ten healthy adult @entity1641 , 7 geldings and 3 mares. INTERVENTIONS: Gastric pressures were measured using a nasogastric tube with a U-tube manometry technique, while intraperitoneal pressures were measured with a peritoneal cannula. Measurements of intraabdominal pressure were obtained by both methods, simultaneously, and were evaluated using 5 increasing volumes of fluid infused into the stomach (0, 400, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mL). Bias and agreement between the 2 methods were determined using Bland-Altman analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean gastric pressure was 14.44    4.69 cm @entity2507 and ranged from 0 to 25.8 cm @entity2507 . Intraperitoneal pressure measurements were generally subatmospheric, and ranged from -6.6 to 3.1 cm @entity2507 (mean    SD, -1.59    2.09 cm @entity2507 ). Measurements of intraperitoneal pressures were repeatable; however, intra- and interindividual variance was significantly larger for measurements of gastric pressures. The mean and relative bias for comparison between the 2 techniques was 15.9    5.3 cm @entity2507 and 244.3    199.2%, respectively. The Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between gastric and intraperitoneal pressures was -0.003 but this was not statistically significant (P=0.75). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical concordance between measurements of intraabdominal pressure using gastric and intraperitoneal pressure measurement, indicating that gastric pressures cannot be substituted for intraperitoneal pressure measurement. Direct measurement of intraperitoneal pressures may be a more consistent method for comparison of intraabdominal pressures between @entity1641 , due to less variability within and between individuals.

title: Evaluation of gastric pressures as an indirect method for measurement of intraabdominal pressures in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horse', 'horses', 'equine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 . Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to dramatically decrease mortality in eligible adult population with @entity712 . We hypothesized that @entity3883 is present in @entity1555 @entity1 and that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) may predict CRT efficacy. METHODS: @entity1555 @entity1 (n = 236) were stratified into 4 groups based on age, diagnosis of @entity1555 , left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and presence of @entity296 defined as positive late gadolinum enhancement (LGE) compared to normal controls (n = 77). Dyssynchrony indices were calculated based on timing of CMR derived circumferential strain (ecc). The calculated indices included cross-correlation delay (XCD), uniformity of strain (US), regional vector of variance (RVV), time to maximum strain (TTMS) and standard deviation (SD) of TTMS. Abnormal XCD value was defined as > normal + 2SD. US, RVV, TTMS and SD were calculated for @entity1 with abnormal XCD. RESULTS: There was overall low prevalence of circumferential dyssynchrony in the entire @entity1555 population; it increased to 17.1% for @entity1 with abnormal EF and to 31.2% in the most advanced stage (abnormal EF with @entity82 ). All but one @entity1555 @entity1 with @entity3883 exhibited normal QRS duration suggesting absence of electrical dyssynchrony. The calculated US and RVV values (0.91    0.09, 1.34    0.48) indicate disperse rather than @entity2686 . CONCLUSION: Mechanical dyssynchrony is frequent in @entity1 with end stage @entity1555 -associated @entity299 . It is associated with normal QRS complex as well as extensive lateral @entity82 . Based on these findings, it is unlikely that this @entity1 population will benefit from CRT.

title: Presence of @entity3883 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['clustered dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a leading cause of @entity204 . Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to dramatically decrease mortality in eligible adult population with @entity712 . We hypothesized that @entity3883 is present in @entity1555 @entity1 and that cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) may predict CRT efficacy. METHODS: @entity1555 @entity1 (n = 236) were stratified into 4 groups based on age, diagnosis of @entity1555 , left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and presence of @entity296 defined as positive late gadolinum enhancement (LGE) compared to normal controls (n = 77). Dyssynchrony indices were calculated based on timing of CMR derived circumferential strain (ecc). The calculated indices included cross-correlation delay (XCD), uniformity of strain (US), regional vector of variance (RVV), time to maximum strain (TTMS) and standard deviation (SD) of TTMS. Abnormal XCD value was defined as > normal + 2SD. US, RVV, TTMS and SD were calculated for @entity1 with abnormal XCD. RESULTS: There was overall low prevalence of circumferential dyssynchrony in the entire @entity1555 population; it increased to 17.1% for @entity1 with abnormal EF and to 31.2% in the most advanced stage (abnormal EF with @entity82 ). All but one @entity1555 @entity1 with @entity3883 exhibited normal QRS duration suggesting absence of electrical dyssynchrony. The calculated US and RVV values (0.91    0.09, 1.34    0.48) indicate disperse rather than @entity2686 . CONCLUSION: Mechanical dyssynchrony is frequent in @entity1 with end stage @entity1555 -associated @entity299 . It is associated with normal QRS complex as well as extensive lateral @entity82 . Based on these findings, it is unlikely that this @entity1 population will benefit from CRT.

title: Presence of XXXX in @entity1555 .

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['mechanical dyssynchrony']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insecticide-resistant mosquitoes are compromising the ability of current mosquito control tools to control @entity311 vectors. A proposed new approach for mosquito control is to use entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been shown to be lethal to both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. The goal of this study was to see whether entomopathogenic fungi could be used to infect insecticide-resistant @entity311 vectors under field conditions, and to see whether the virulence and viability of the fungal conidia decreased after exposure to ambient African field conditions. METHODS: This study used the fungus @entity20702 to infect the insecticide-resistant @entity311 vector @entity313 s.s (Diptera: Culicidae) VKPER laboratory colony strain. Fungal conidia were applied to polyester netting and kept under West African field conditions for varying periods of time. The virulence of the fungal-treated netting was tested 1, 3 and 5 days after net application by exposing An. gambiae s.s. VKPER mosquitoes in WHO cone bioassays carried out under field conditions. In addition, the viability of @entity20702 conidia was measured after up to 20 days exposure to field conditions. RESULTS: The results show that @entity20702 infection caused significantly increased mortality with the daily risk of dying being increased by 2.5   for the fungus-exposed mosquitoes compared to the control mosquitoes. However, the virulence of the @entity20702 conidia decreased with increasing time spent exposed to the field conditions, the older the treatment on the net, the lower the fungus-induced mortality rate. This is likely to be due to the climate because laboratory trials found no such decline within the same trial time period. Conidial viability also decreased with increasing exposure to the net and natural abiotic environmental conditions. After 20 days field exposure the conidial viability was 30%, but the viability of control conidia not exposed to the net or field conditions was 79%. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows promise for the use of @entity20702 fungal conidia against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes in the field, but further work is required to examine the role of environmental conditions on fungal virulence and viability with a view to eventually making the fungal conidia delivery system more able to withstand the ambient African climate.

title: First report of the infection of insecticide-resistant XXXX vector mosquitoes with an entomopathogenic fungus under field conditions.

entities_list: @entity20702 :: ('475271', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana', 'B. bassiana']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to see if stability based criteria are useful in choosing between nonoperative and operative treatment of @entity1171 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty @entity1171 in skeletally mature @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed to obtain an epidemiological profile in a population of about 130,000. One hundred thirty @entity1 had followup of more than 2 years. A decision between operative and nonoperative treatment was made by the surgeon-on-duty, based on accepted stability criteria. @entity174 were classified according to Weber and Lauge-Hansen systems. Clinical outcome was assessed using the scoring systems of Olerud-Molander, the RAND 36-Item Health Survey and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measuring @entity158 and function. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity1171 was 154/100,000. Nonoperatively treated @entity1 had more displacement of the distal fibula after treatment, but less @entity158 and better Olerud-Molander (good or excellent, 89% vs. 71%) and VAS functional scores. Independent factors for worse outcome were female gender, older age, unstable @entity174 and co-morbidity. No nonoperatively treated @entity1 needed operative fixation during followup. CONCLUSION: Stability-based @entity174 classification was a simple and useful tool in decision-making for the treatment of @entity1171 . We found @entity174 could be treated nonoperatively with success if the ankle mortise was stable. Displacement of the distal fibula after treatment did not affect functional scores or @entity158 .

title: Stability criteria for nonoperative XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolar fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fracture']


abstract: @entity2916 complex is an @entity74 characterized by @entity851 in various organs. @entity1 who have this disorder exhibit a high rate of @entity302 and @entity73 . We investigated number of tubers, location, @entity410 types, and cognitive outcome, and we analyzed the relationships among them in our @entity2916 @entity1 in the @entity302 Program at the University of Alberta. We also examined the @entity410 outcome after tuber resection. Our study cohort included 24 @entity1 with @entity2916 complex. We obtained @entity410 history, electroencephalogram, and neuropsychologic parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine tuber numbers and locations. Ten @entity1 underwent surgical removal of tubers responsible for intractable @entity302 . A negative correlation was found between the number of tubers and intelligent quotient score. @entity302 surgery led to freedom from @entity410 in this @entity1 group. We demonstrated that the total number and location of cortical tubers play a significant role in the extent of @entity1032 in @entity1 with @entity2916 complex. In addition, @entity1 with intractable @entity410 and well-defined @entity302 focus had excellent surgical outcome.

title: Cortical tubers, cognition, and @entity302 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous growth']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Comprehensive Epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant genetic disorder']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: @entity2916 complex is an @entity74 characterized by @entity851 in various organs. @entity1 who have this disorder exhibit a high rate of @entity302 and @entity73 . We investigated number of tubers, location, @entity410 types, and cognitive outcome, and we analyzed the relationships among them in our @entity2916 @entity1 in the @entity302 Program at the University of Alberta. We also examined the @entity410 outcome after tuber resection. Our study cohort included 24 @entity1 with @entity2916 complex. We obtained @entity410 history, electroencephalogram, and neuropsychologic parameters. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine tuber numbers and locations. Ten @entity1 underwent surgical removal of tubers responsible for intractable @entity302 . A negative correlation was found between the number of tubers and intelligent quotient score. @entity302 surgery led to freedom from @entity410 in this @entity1 group. We demonstrated that the total number and location of cortical tubers play a significant role in the extent of @entity1032 in @entity1 with @entity2916 complex. In addition, @entity1 with intractable @entity410 and well-defined @entity302 focus had excellent surgical outcome.

title: Cortical tubers, cognition, and XXXX in @entity2916 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Despite the widespread adoption of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation, the optimal treatment of @entity177 remains challenging. The present study evaluated the relation between quantitative angiography and the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in @entity75 after DES implantation and the efficacy of FFR in determining whether to treat these lesions. To assess their functional significance, the coronary pressure-derived FFR was measured in 50 DES @entity75 (49 @entity1 ). Additional intervention was performed in lesions with a FFR <0.8. Major adverse cardiac events were assessed at 12 months after the reintervention procedure. The mean percent diameter stenosis (%DS) was 58    13%. Of the 50 lesions, 20 (40%) were deferred without additional intervention. The FFR and %DS had a negative correlation (r = -0.61, p <0.001). However, when only the lesions with @entity256 (15 lesions) were analyzed, the degree of correlation decreased (r = -0.56, p = 0.12). Although most lesions (89%) with a %DS of >= 70 had significant functional @entity63 , among 41 lesions with a %DS <70, only 20 (49%) had demonstrated functional patency. The incidence of adverse events during the 12 months of follow-up after FFR-guided treatment was 18.0% (23.3% in the FFR <0.80 group and 10.0% in FFR >= 0.80 group). In conclusion, a discrepancy was found between functional @entity63 measured by the FFR and the angiographic %DS, in particular, in moderate- or diffuse-type @entity75 after DES implantation. The outcome of FFR-guided deferral in @entity1 with DES in-stent restenosis seems favorable.

title: Usefulness of coronary pressure measurement for functional evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse-type restenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['DES failures']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting stent restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is treated with topical glucocorticoids (GC). Some @entity1 require endoscopic nasal surgery because GC treatment is ineffective. To exert its function, the GC needs to bind with the GC receptor (GR) and the GC-GR complex moves to the cell nucleus. Our aim was to establish whether the poor response to GC is due to an alteration in the translocation of the GR to the nucleus. METHODS: We performed nasal fibroblast cell cultures from seven healthy controls and 12 @entity1 with @entity1412 and @entity565 . Fibroblasts were incubated with @entity4184 or @entity619 (10(-7) M) for different times (30 min to 4 h) and GR translocation was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Both GC induced GR translocation in every group, doubling its concentration in the cell nucleus (30 min) compared to baseline. There were no differences in GR translocation between controls and @entity1 , nor differences related to the severity of @entity565 or intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). @entity1097 subjects showed a decrease in GR translocation with @entity4184 (1 h, 3 h and 4 h, P<0.05) and @entity619 (30 min and 2 h, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The insensitivity to GC treatment does not appear to be due to an alteration in GR translocation to the nucleus. Neither does the severity of @entity565 or intolerance to NSAIDs appear to alter GR translocation. The association between atopy and the alteration in GR function deserves further investigation.

title: Nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in fibroblasts of asthmatic @entity1 with XXXX insensitive to glucocorticoid treatment.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'Nasal polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is treated with topical glucocorticoids (GC). Some @entity1 require endoscopic nasal surgery because GC treatment is ineffective. To exert its function, the GC needs to bind with the GC receptor (GR) and the GC-GR complex moves to the cell nucleus. Our aim was to establish whether the poor response to GC is due to an alteration in the translocation of the GR to the nucleus. METHODS: We performed nasal fibroblast cell cultures from seven healthy controls and 12 @entity1 with @entity1412 and @entity565 . Fibroblasts were incubated with @entity4184 or @entity619 (10(-7) M) for different times (30 min to 4 h) and GR translocation was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Both GC induced GR translocation in every group, doubling its concentration in the cell nucleus (30 min) compared to baseline. There were no differences in GR translocation between controls and @entity1 , nor differences related to the severity of @entity565 or intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). @entity1097 subjects showed a decrease in GR translocation with @entity4184 (1 h, 3 h and 4 h, P<0.05) and @entity619 (30 min and 2 h, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The insensitivity to GC treatment does not appear to be due to an alteration in GR translocation to the nucleus. Neither does the severity of @entity565 or intolerance to NSAIDs appear to alter GR translocation. The association between atopy and the alteration in GR function deserves further investigation.

title: Nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in fibroblasts of asthmatic XXXX with @entity1412 insensitive to glucocorticoid treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR) can occur in 5-20% of @entity1 with @entity0 treated with breast-conserving therapy. Two entities of IBTR have been described: true recurrence (TR), suggested to be regrowth of disease at the @entity5 bed, and new primary (NP), distinct from the index lesion in histology and location. This study compared survival outcomes between two @entity1 cohorts classified clinically as having either TR or NP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1989 and 1999, 6,020 @entity1 were referred to the BC Cancer Agency with newly diagnosed pT1-2, N0-1, M0 @entity0 , treated with breast-conserving surgery. Of these, 289 @entity1 had pathologically confirmed IBTR. Retrospective analysis was performed, and a set of decision rules was applied to classify cases as TR or NP based on change in histology, grade, hormone receptor status, and @entity5 location. Of 289 @entity1 , 129 (45%) were classified as having TR and 139 (48%) as having NP; 21 (7%) were unclassified. RESULTS: The distributions of age at diagnosis, age at recurrence, and histopathologic factors were similar in the TR and NP cohorts (all p > 0.05). The mean time to recurrence was shorter in TR @entity1 than in NP @entity1 (4.8  years vs. 6.3 years, p = 0.001). Treatment of the IBTR did not differ between the two groups. In the TR and NP cohorts, @entity0 -specific survival was 55.7% vs. 61.3% (p = 0.93), and overall survival was 43.7% vs. 54.8% (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Time to recurrence is significantly shorter in @entity1 with IBTR classified as true recurrence compared to new primary. Non-statistically significant trends for less favorable survival were observed for @entity1 with TR. Further investigation of the hypothesis that TR and NP @entity5 are distinct entities with different survival prognoses will require standardized pathology review and molecular analyses.

title: True recurrence versus new primary: an analysis of ipsilateral XXXX recurrences after breast-conserving therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor', 'early-stage breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment of oronasal fistulae in cleft @entity1 remains a surgical challenge because of its high failure rate. The authors report the results of an @entity146 surgical technique using the total elevation of palatal mucoperiosteum, even for small fistulae. METHODS: This approach was used on twelve consecutive @entity1 , from five to 33 years of age, presenting with a Pittsburgh classification type IV palatal fistulae. The surgical procedure was total elevation of the hard palate mucoperiosteum @entity1021 from the dental sulcus combined with sealed double layer sutures. Clinical and photographical control was made at least 6 months after to detect a possible relapse. RESULTS: The success rate was 100%. No relapsing @entity292 was observed with follow-up ranging from 6 to 36 months. DISCUSSION: This technique allows wide exposure and safe closure of the nasal layer. It is simple and leaves no raw bone surface exposed and no additional scar. The authors think it can be used in all type IV fistulae less than 1cm wide. Several other surgical techniques have been described to close palatal fistulae: local turnover flaps, pedicled flaps from adjacent oral tissue, tongue flaps, tissue expansion, and even free flaps. Obturator prostheses have also been used. The technique we report, even if more @entity146 , seems to be more reliable with fewer relapse and sequelae.

title: [Repair of palatal fistulae in cleft XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although a wide number of @entity0 susceptibility alleles associated with various levels of risk have been identified to date, about 50% of the heritability is still missing. Although the major @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes are being extensively screened for truncating and missense variants in @entity5344 families, potential regulatory variants affecting their expression remain largely unexplored. In an attempt to identify such variants, we focused our attention on gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRs). We screened two genes, @entity6991 and @entity38113 , producing @entity6991 and miR-146b-5p, respectively, that regulate @entity5345 , and the 3'- untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of @entity5345 and @entity2674 in the GENESIS French national case/control study ( @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -negative @entity0 cases with at least one sister with @entity0 and matched controls). We identified one rare variant in @entity6991 , four in @entity38113 , five in @entity5345 3'-UTR and one in @entity2674 3'-UTR in 716 index cases and 619 controls. Among these 11 rare variants, 7 were identified each in 1 index case. None of the three relevant @entity6991 / @entity38113 variants affected the pre-miR sequences. The potential causality of the four relevant @entity5345 / @entity2674 3'-UTRs variants was evaluated with luciferase reporter assays and co-segregation studies, as well as with bioinformatics analyses to predict miRs-binding sites, RNA secondary structures and RNA accessibility. This is the first study to report the screening of miR genes and of @entity2674 3'-UTR in a large series of @entity0 cases. None of the variant identified in this study gave convincing evidence of potential pathogenicity.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 20 January 2016; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.284.

title: Mutation screening of MIR146A/B and XXXX /2 3'-UTRs in the GENESIS study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'familial breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variation in the @entity2938 gene ( @entity2938 /-16934) is associated with @entity56 among farmers' @entity1 but not among @entity1 not living on farms. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the same genetic variant conferring protection in the farming environment is associated with reduced risk of developing @entity56 phenotypes among urban @entity1 attending day care in early life. METHODS: In 2 population-based birth cohorts (Manchester, United Kingdom, Manchester Asthma and @entity566 Study [MAAS]; Tucson, Ariz, Tucson @entity1 Immune Study [IIS]), @entity1 were recruited prenatally and followed prospectively (MAAS: 3, 5, 8 and 11 years; IIS: 1, 2, 3 and 5 years). We assessed @entity56 sensitization and @entity1097 wheezing at each follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 727 @entity1 participated in Manchester and 263 in Tucson. We found no significant associations between @entity2938 /-16934 and sensitization and @entity1097 wheeze in either cohort. However, a different pattern emerged when we explored the interaction between @entity2938 /-16934 and day care attendance on these outcomes. We found a significant interaction between day care and @entity2938 /-16934 on the development of sensitization in the longitudinal model in MAAS in that @entity1 carrying the T allele who attended day care were less likely to be sensitized than those who did not attend day care, whereas among AA homozygotes, the association tended to be in the opposite direction. In a longitudinal model in IIS, we found a significant interaction between day care attendance and @entity2938 /-16934 on the development @entity1097 wheezing. Significant interactions between @entity2938 /-16934 and day care were maintained when adjusting for socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: The effect of day care on sensitization and @entity1097 wheezing may differ among @entity1 with different variants of the @entity2938 gene.

title: Effect of day care attendance on sensitization and XXXX wheezing differs by @entity2938 genotype in 2 population-based birth cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Infant']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Variation in the @entity2938 gene ( @entity2938 /-16934) is associated with @entity56 among farmers' @entity1 but not among @entity1 not living on farms. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the same genetic variant conferring protection in the farming environment is associated with reduced risk of developing @entity56 phenotypes among urban @entity1 attending day care in early life. METHODS: In 2 population-based birth cohorts (Manchester, United Kingdom, Manchester Asthma and @entity566 Study [MAAS]; Tucson, Ariz, Tucson @entity1 Immune Study [IIS]), @entity1 were recruited prenatally and followed prospectively (MAAS: 3, 5, 8 and 11 years; IIS: 1, 2, 3 and 5 years). We assessed @entity56 sensitization and @entity1097 wheezing at each follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 727 @entity1 participated in Manchester and 263 in Tucson. We found no significant associations between @entity2938 /-16934 and sensitization and @entity1097 wheeze in either cohort. However, a different pattern emerged when we explored the interaction between @entity2938 /-16934 and day care attendance on these outcomes. We found a significant interaction between day care and @entity2938 /-16934 on the development of sensitization in the longitudinal model in MAAS in that @entity1 carrying the T allele who attended day care were less likely to be sensitized than those who did not attend day care, whereas among AA homozygotes, the association tended to be in the opposite direction. In a longitudinal model in IIS, we found a significant interaction between day care attendance and @entity2938 /-16934 on the development @entity1097 wheezing. Significant interactions between @entity2938 /-16934 and day care were maintained when adjusting for socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: The effect of day care on sensitization and @entity1097 wheezing may differ among @entity1 with different variants of the @entity2938 gene.

title: Effect of day care attendance on sensitization and @entity1097 wheezing differs by XXXX genotype in 2 population-based birth cohort studies.

answer: @entity2938 :: (7097,Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 2']


abstract: @entity397 ( @entity397 ) is a common obstetrical problem, but its diagnosis is frequently problematic. Lacking a gold standard, the diagnosis is equivocal in some 10% of cases. We performed a systematic review to assess the accuracy of several tests for the diagnosis of @entity397 in these equivocal cases. We performed an electronic search in PubMed, Embase, DARE and the Cochrane Library and reference lists for potentially missed articles. No language restrictions were used. Only accuracy studies for diagnostic methods for @entity397 in @entity1 with equivocal @entity397 were selected. The studies were scored according to STARD and QUADAS guidelines. Based on the full description of reference and index tests, an expert panel finally decided whether the selected articles were of sufficient quality to be included. We identified 3864 studies of which 146 full manuscripts were obtained. We excluded 133 due to multiple reasons. The remaining 13 studies were scored by an expert panel. Only three articles with a total of 155 @entity1 fulfilled all criteria. These articles tested three different methods, pH measurement (64 @entity1 ), @entity10116 ( @entity10116 , 83 @entity1 ) and @entity160 ( @entity160 , 8 @entity1 ). Sensitivity varied from 88% (pH) to 100% ( @entity160 ), specificity varied from 56% (ILGPP-1) to 100% ( @entity160 ). Based on the limited evidence on the accuracy of tests to diagnose ruptured membranes, we conclude that the use of a particular test cannot be recommended.

title: Methods for the diagnosis of XXXX of the fetal membranes in equivocal cases: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['PROM', 'Prelabor rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity10116 :: ('3484', 'Gene') :: ['ILGBP-1', 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to define the task allocation in multiprofessional @entity5 medication management (MCMM) with a special focus on the role of the pharmacist as well as @entity1 education and counseling. The acceptance of the proposed task allocation and the perceptions on multiprofessional teamwork were explored on a national level. METHODS: We held local focus group meetings (University of Bonn with collaboration partners) to identify MCMM tasks. With the Delphi technique the tasks were allocated to physicians, pharmacists and nurses. Professionals (members of the German @entity5 Society) were approached nationwide via an online questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance of the MCMM model and explore their perceptions on multiprofessional teamwork. RESULTS: The MCMM model comprised 38 tasks including 11 on @entity1 education and counseling. It was rated to be reasonable (79%) and feasible (68%). Barriers and benefits of multiprofessional teamwork stated were @entity1 -, team-, therapy-, structure-, and resources-related. CONCLUSIONS: The MCMM model integrates the pharmacist with responsibilities in @entity1 education and counseling as well as prevention of drug-related problems. The approach was generally appreciated nationwide by the professions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The proposed model can serve as a tool to trigger changes in @entity5 medication management.

title: Task allocation in XXXX medication management - integrating the pharmacist.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity958 has been a favorite model system for plant biologist. It is anticipated that comparative analysis of this plant with other members of Brassicaceae may aid in identification of orthologs playing role as key genetic determinants for salinity response. In this endeavor, we have recently identified SOS family members from @entity13344 in our laboratory and reported their salinity responsive transcriptional induction in seedlings of various diploid and amphidiploids species. In the present study, we have carried out detailed time kinetics for BjSOS3 expression in a salinity tolerant @entity13344 . CS52. Transcript analysis at the sensitive growth stages of plants viz. seedling and reproductive stage indicated clear differential transcriptional regulation of BjSOS3 under non-induced as well as salinity induced conditions in a time and organ specific manner, mirroring their respective tolerance physiology. Similar to its ortholog from @entity958 , the modeled BjSOS3 protein show typical features of a @entity141 binding protein with four conserved EF-hands. We have also attempted to study the binding of @entity30431 protein with the modeled @entity26911 protein. It has been established that @entity30431 protein senses @entity141 though the binding is very weak; we show the down regulation of BjSOS3 mRNA in presence of @entity460 chelator - EGTA under the various stress conditions including ABA. In situ localization of BjSOS3-GFP fusion protein in onion peel has shown its presence strongly in plasma membrane as well as cytosol. The leads presented in the paper will assist in understanding and establishing the SOS signaling machinery in @entity13344 .

title: Analysis of a salinity induced BjSOS3 protein from Brassica indicate it to be structurally and functionally related to its ortholog from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['B.  juncea', 'Brassica juncea', 'B.  juncea var']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Benign airway strictures can be complex and challenging to manage. Although resection is preferred, this is not always feasible, and hence, endoscopic therapies are often performed. However, endoscopic therapies can be problematic, with granulation tissue and @entity82 leading to early failure. Spray cryotherapy (SC) is a new approach that may modulate the healing response leading to less @entity82 and decrease the need or the duration of time to intervention. We report the initial results of SC for benign airway strictures. METHODS: Over a 22-month period, 35 @entity1 underwent SC. Median age was 51(18-81) years. Prior therapy had been undertaken in 14 (41.2%) of @entity1 . Stricture etiology included post intubation (n=5), prior tracheostomy (n=6), radiation induced (n=2), prior surgery (n=3), other causes (n=12), or unknown etiology (n=7). Airway narrowing was graded as follows: 1=0-25%, 2=26-50%, 3=51-75%, and 4=76-100%. For the purpose of analysis, this was treated as a continuous variable. The usual treatment algorithm consisted of  3-4 SC cycles, followed by @entity384 , and then by additional SC cycles. RESULTS: Stricture locations were subglottic (n=18), tracheal (n=9), and bronchial (n=8). Seventeen (49%) @entity1 required additional SC therapy, resulting in a total of 63 SC treatment sessions. Only two (3.2%) complications occurred and these included pneumothorax (n=1) and intra-operative tracheostomy (n=1). Mean follow-up was available in 33/35 @entity1 at a mean of 8.2 (1-19) months. Twelve (of 33) @entity1 (36.4%) were asymptomatic, 16/33 (48.5%) were improved, 4/33(12.1%) had no improvement or were worse, and 1/33(3%) @entity1 died from an unrelated @entity5 . On follow-up bronchoscopy, performed in 28 @entity1 , airway narrowing improved significantly from 3.5 to 2.03 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Initial experience with SC for benign airway strictures suggests that this can be used safely. This is effective in improving symptoms and reducing the severity of airway narrowing. Re-intervention is still required. Further study should be undertaken to determine factors that may be associated with success or failure as well as the relative efficacy of SC compared with other endoscopic therapies.

title: Feasibility of spray cryotherapy and XXXX for non-malignant strictures of the airway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early identification of determinants of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment failure is urgently needed in resource-limited settings. This study describes the profile and determinants of @entity378 treatment failure in a high-incidence setting where @entity1 were managed at a @entity378 control program with significant resource limitations. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study carried out in one tertiary and one secondary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria. Cases were adult (   15years) @entity378 @entity1 with a positive sputum smear after 5months of treatment (treatment failure). Controls were adult @entity378 @entity1 whose sputum smear was positive at the beginning of the treatment but who were smear-negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion (cured). Cases were compared with controls to assess determinants of treatment failure. RESULTS: Of the 1668 @entity378 @entity1 registered during the study period, 985 (59%) had smear-positive @entity1907 . Of these, 694 (70.5%) were aged    40years, 602 (61.1%) were males, 707 (71.8%) were rural residents, and 898 (91.2%) received care at the private facility. The prevalence of treatment failure was 2.5%. Significant determinants of treatment failure were: older age (>40years) (P<0.001), male gender (P=0.04), previous treatment for @entity378 (P=0.045), and positive sputum smears after two month of anti- @entity378 treatment (0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the treatment failure rate among smear-positive @entity378 @entity1 is low in Nigeria. Education and improved clinical and laboratory interventions for the identified at-risk groups may reduce @entity378 treatment failure in resource-limited settings.

title: Profile and determinants of treatment failure among smear-positive XXXX @entity1 in Ebonyi, Southeastern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early identification of determinants of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) treatment failure is urgently needed in resource-limited settings. This study describes the profile and determinants of @entity378 treatment failure in a high-incidence setting where @entity1 were managed at a @entity378 control program with significant resource limitations. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study carried out in one tertiary and one secondary hospital in Southeastern Nigeria. Cases were adult (   15years) @entity378 @entity1 with a positive sputum smear after 5months of treatment (treatment failure). Controls were adult @entity378 @entity1 whose sputum smear was positive at the beginning of the treatment but who were smear-negative in the last month of treatment and on at least one previous occasion (cured). Cases were compared with controls to assess determinants of treatment failure. RESULTS: Of the 1668 @entity378 @entity1 registered during the study period, 985 (59%) had smear-positive @entity1907 . Of these, 694 (70.5%) were aged    40years, 602 (61.1%) were males, 707 (71.8%) were rural residents, and 898 (91.2%) received care at the private facility. The prevalence of treatment failure was 2.5%. Significant determinants of treatment failure were: older age (>40years) (P<0.001), male gender (P=0.04), previous treatment for @entity378 (P=0.045), and positive sputum smears after two month of anti- @entity378 treatment (0.001). CONCLUSION: This study showed that the treatment failure rate among smear-positive @entity378 @entity1 is low in Nigeria. Education and improved clinical and laboratory interventions for the identified at-risk groups may reduce @entity378 treatment failure in resource-limited settings.

title: Profile and determinants of treatment failure among smear-positive @entity1907 XXXX in Ebonyi, Southeastern Nigeria.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity393 in @entity4712 has received little attention due to the often more disabling ocular, orofacial and skeletal manifestations. Estimates suggest a global prevalence of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) ranging from 50  % to about 100  % though, depending on the underlying Stickler genotype. By performing extensive audiometric analysis in Stickler @entity1 , we aimed to further elucidate the auditory phenotype. Twenty molecularly confirmed Stickler @entity1 (age 10-62  year), of whom sixteen with @entity20353 ( @entity794 mutation) and four with @entity20354 ( @entity28942 mutation) underwent an otological questionnaire, clinical examination, pure tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry and otoacoustic emission testing. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analysis of the audiograms was performed to assess progression. In @entity20353 , 75  % demonstrated @entity393 , predominantly in the high frequencies. No significant progression beyond presbyacusis was observed. All @entity164 2 Stickler @entity1 exhibited mild-to-moderate low- and mid-frequency @entity1274 and moderate-to-severe high-frequency @entity1274 . In both types, @entity393 was observed in childhood. Otoacoustic emissions were only detectable in 7/40 ears and had very low amplitudes, even in frequency bands with normal hearing on pure tone audiometry. Type 1 @entity4712 is characterized by a mild high-frequency @entity1274 , emerging in childhood and non-progressive. Absent otoacoustic emissions are a frequent finding. @entity1 with @entity20354 exhibit early-onset moderate @entity1274 affecting all frequencies with a sloping audiogram. Taking into account the @entity227 in many @entity1 , we recommend regular auditory follow-up in @entity1 with @entity4712 , especially in childhood.

title: Auditory phenotype in XXXX : results of audiometric analysis in 20 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20353 :: ('MESH:C537492', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity20354 :: ('MESH:C537493', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

answer: @entity4712 :: (MESH:C580472,Disease) :: ['Stickler syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity393 in @entity4712 has received little attention due to the often more disabling ocular, orofacial and skeletal manifestations. Estimates suggest a global prevalence of @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) ranging from 50  % to about 100  % though, depending on the underlying Stickler genotype. By performing extensive audiometric analysis in Stickler @entity1 , we aimed to further elucidate the auditory phenotype. Twenty molecularly confirmed Stickler @entity1 (age 10-62  year), of whom sixteen with @entity20353 ( @entity794 mutation) and four with @entity20354 ( @entity28942 mutation) underwent an otological questionnaire, clinical examination, pure tone and speech audiometry, tympanometry and otoacoustic emission testing. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analysis of the audiograms was performed to assess progression. In @entity20353 , 75  % demonstrated @entity393 , predominantly in the high frequencies. No significant progression beyond presbyacusis was observed. All @entity164 2 Stickler @entity1 exhibited mild-to-moderate low- and mid-frequency @entity1274 and moderate-to-severe high-frequency @entity1274 . In both types, @entity393 was observed in childhood. Otoacoustic emissions were only detectable in 7/40 ears and had very low amplitudes, even in frequency bands with normal hearing on pure tone audiometry. Type 1 @entity4712 is characterized by a mild high-frequency @entity1274 , emerging in childhood and non-progressive. Absent otoacoustic emissions are a frequent finding. @entity1 with @entity20354 exhibit early-onset moderate @entity1274 affecting all frequencies with a sloping audiogram. Taking into account the @entity227 in many @entity1 , we recommend regular auditory follow-up in @entity1 with @entity4712 , especially in childhood.

title: Auditory phenotype in @entity4712 : results of audiometric analysis in 20 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity16663 are rare. We report on a case. To our knowledge, 34 cases have been described to date. These @entity5 were asymptomatic and non-secreting. Diagnosis was made on histologic exam. Oncocytic cells were marked by the increased number of @entity1184 . The etiology remained unknown. The prognosis was good despite the fact that three cases were considered as @entity189 and 10 others considered as @entity5 of uncertain malignant potential. All @entity5 were cured by surgery. Management and follow-up were established upon prognosis.

title: [ XXXX : case report and review of literature].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical oncocytic cells tumor']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical oncocytic cells tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent studies mainly deal with the relevance of antibiotics in the treatment of complicated @entity9244 (cSSTIs) with or without @entity295 . The impact of surgical source control for severely ill @entity1 with @entity295 is underrepresented in the literature. This review tries to add new information on this topic. RECENT FINDINGS: Source control in cSSTI ranges from removal of central venous catheters to radical debridement of extensive body areas. Necrotizing soft tissue infections serve as a model disease for the value of surgical measures in severe cSSTI. Early diagnosis and timing of surgical intervention, the necessary extent of surgery and the assessment of adjunctive therapies (hyperbaric oxygenation, intravenous immunoglobulins) have been recently investigated. SUMMARY: The evidence for simple source control measures (i.e., opening and drainage of an abscess) remains low, but appears to be self-evident. Radical debridement remains the standard of care for those @entity1 with soft tissue @entity295 because of @entity39 soft tissue infections. Surgical treatment should be performed latest within 12h after admission. The value of other adjunctive measures (hyperbaric @entity26 therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins) is uncertain. Only an aggressive approach offers the possibility to save life and limbs of the affected @entity1 .

title: The importance of source control in the management of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['skin and soft tissue infections']

answer: @entity9244 :: (MESH:D018461,Disease) :: ['skin and soft tissue infections']