abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dysregulation of the @entity3264 transporters @entity6485 and @entity9320 and their isoforms have been implicated in @entity161 . @entity6485 and @entity9320 expression has been studied in different brain regions but the prevalence of astrocytic @entity3264 transporter expression masks the more subtle changes in excitatory @entity3689 transporters (EAATs) isoforms in neurons in the cortex. Using laser capture microdissection, pyramidal neurons were cut from the anterior cingulate cortex of postmortem @entity161 (n=20) and control (n=20) subjects. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of @entity6485 , @entity9320 and the splice variants @entity6485 exon9skipping, @entity9320 exon9skipping and EAAT2b were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in an enriched population of neurons. Region-level expression of these transcripts was measured in postmortem @entity161 (n=25) and controls (n=25). The relationship between selected EAAT polymorphisms and EAAT splice variant expression was also explored. Anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cell expression of EAAT2b mRNA was increased (P<0.001; 67%) in @entity161 subjects compared with controls. There was no significant change in other EAAT variants. @entity9320 exon9skipping mRNA was increased (P<0.05; 38%) at region level in the anterior cingulate cortex with no significant change in other EAAT variants at region level. @entity9320 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with changes in @entity9320 isoform expression. @entity20539 -treated animals, acting as controls for possible antipsychotic effects, did not have significantly altered neuronal EAAT2b mRNA levels. The novel finding that EAAT2b levels are increased in populations of anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cells further demonstrates a role for neuronal @entity3264 transporter splice variant expression in @entity161 .

title: @entity3264 transporter splice variant expression in an enriched pyramidal cell population in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20539 :: ('MESH:C033563', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol decanoate']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dysregulation of the @entity3264 transporters @entity6485 and @entity9320 and their isoforms have been implicated in @entity161 . @entity6485 and @entity9320 expression has been studied in different brain regions but the prevalence of astrocytic @entity3264 transporter expression masks the more subtle changes in excitatory @entity3689 transporters (EAATs) isoforms in neurons in the cortex. Using laser capture microdissection, pyramidal neurons were cut from the anterior cingulate cortex of postmortem @entity161 (n=20) and control (n=20) subjects. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of @entity6485 , @entity9320 and the splice variants @entity6485 exon9skipping, @entity9320 exon9skipping and EAAT2b were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in an enriched population of neurons. Region-level expression of these transcripts was measured in postmortem @entity161 (n=25) and controls (n=25). The relationship between selected EAAT polymorphisms and EAAT splice variant expression was also explored. Anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cell expression of EAAT2b mRNA was increased (P<0.001; 67%) in @entity161 subjects compared with controls. There was no significant change in other EAAT variants. @entity9320 exon9skipping mRNA was increased (P<0.05; 38%) at region level in the anterior cingulate cortex with no significant change in other EAAT variants at region level. @entity9320 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with changes in @entity9320 isoform expression. @entity20539 -treated animals, acting as controls for possible antipsychotic effects, did not have significantly altered neuronal EAAT2b mRNA levels. The novel finding that EAAT2b levels are increased in populations of anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal cells further demonstrates a role for neuronal @entity3264 transporter splice variant expression in @entity161 .

title: XXXX transporter splice variant expression in an enriched pyramidal cell population in @entity161 .

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to clarify the clinical effects of first-line chemotherapy regimens for advanced @entity5 on clinical responses and survival of @entity1 grouped by renal function. METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 345 @entity5 @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy for metastatic or unresectable disease in 17 centers (2004-10). RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-one @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 / @entity1499 , @entity1259 and @entity900 (n = 136) or @entity136 and @entity900 (n = 105) followed by @entity3003 -based treatments, non- @entity902 treatments or other regimens. After 2008, @entity136 and @entity900 was the most frequently used regimen in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The @entity136 and @entity900 @entity1 ' complete response rate was 10.5% and their response rate was 52.4%, which was highest among all regimens. @entity136 and @entity900 demonstrated a better 3-year overall survival when the estimated glomerular filtration rate was >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (31.4%), but it tended to be worse when the estimated glomerular filtration rate was <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (14.1%). In the latter cases, the dose reduction rate of @entity136 and @entity900 was high (43.9%). Among the @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), the 1-year overall survival of the @entity1 treated with a reduced dose of @entity136 and @entity900 was significantly lower than that of those treated with standard-dose @entity136 and @entity900 (26.2 vs. 60.3%, respectively, P = 0.0108). CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity900 provided favorable responses and survival in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) but unsatisfactory oncological outcomes in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), especially when treated with a reduced dose. Alternative regimens might be optimal rather than reduced-dose @entity136 and @entity900 in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2).

title: Impact of renal function of @entity1 with advanced XXXX on eligibility for first-line chemotherapy and treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urothelial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to clarify the clinical effects of first-line chemotherapy regimens for advanced @entity5 on clinical responses and survival of @entity1 grouped by renal function. METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 345 @entity5 @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy for metastatic or unresectable disease in 17 centers (2004-10). RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-one @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 and @entity900 / @entity1499 , @entity1259 and @entity900 (n = 136) or @entity136 and @entity900 (n = 105) followed by @entity3003 -based treatments, non- @entity902 treatments or other regimens. After 2008, @entity136 and @entity900 was the most frequently used regimen in @entity1 with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and in those with estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). The @entity136 and @entity900 @entity1 ' complete response rate was 10.5% and their response rate was 52.4%, which was highest among all regimens. @entity136 and @entity900 demonstrated a better 3-year overall survival when the estimated glomerular filtration rate was >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (31.4%), but it tended to be worse when the estimated glomerular filtration rate was <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) (14.1%). In the latter cases, the dose reduction rate of @entity136 and @entity900 was high (43.9%). Among the @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), the 1-year overall survival of the @entity1 treated with a reduced dose of @entity136 and @entity900 was significantly lower than that of those treated with standard-dose @entity136 and @entity900 (26.2 vs. 60.3%, respectively, P = 0.0108). CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity900 provided favorable responses and survival in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) but unsatisfactory oncological outcomes in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), especially when treated with a reduced dose. Alternative regimens might be optimal rather than reduced-dose @entity136 and @entity900 in @entity1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2).

title: Impact of renal function of XXXX with advanced @entity5 on eligibility for first-line chemotherapy and treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between body composition (fat mass, lean mass and body mass index, BMI) and bone health (bone mineral density, @entity1555 and @entity174 risk) in urban black South African @entity1 . DESIGN: A cross sectional study examining associations between body composition, dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire), habitual physical activity (Activity energy expenditure (AEE) measured using an accelerometer with combined heart rate monitor and physical activity questionnaire) and bone health ( @entity1555 using dual-energy X ray absorptiometry, DXA and @entity174 risk). SETTING: Urban community dwellers from Ikageng in the North-West Province of South Africa. @entity1 : One hundred and eighty nine (189) healthy postmenopausal @entity1 aged >= 43 years. RESULTS: Fat mass and lean mass were significantly associated with @entity1555 and @entity174 risk when adjusted for potential confounders. However, lean mass and not fat mass remained significantly associated with femoral neck @entity1555 (b = 0.49, p <0.001), spine @entity1555 (b = 0.48, p< 0.0001) and hip @entity1555 (b = 0.59, p< 0.0001). Lean mass was also negatively associated with @entity174 risk (b = -0.19 p =0.04) when both lean and fat mass were in the same model. CONCLUSION: Lean mass and fat mass were positively associated with femoral neck, spine and hip BMDs and negatively associated with @entity174 risk in urban black South African @entity1 . Our finding suggests that increasing lean mass rather than fat mass is beneficial to bone health. Our study emphasises the importance of positive lifestyle changes, intake of @entity460 from dairy and adequate weight to maintain and improve bone health of postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Lean Mass Appears to Be More Strongly Associated with Bone Health than Fat Mass in Urban Black South African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a case of fatal intoxication by the application of a transdermal @entity3575 patch upon a superficial bleeding abrasion of a 2-year-old @entity1 . The grandmother discovered the body of the @entity1 in bed at approximately 7  a.m. External examination revealed a properly developed, nourished, and hydrated @entity1 , with some vomit in the nostrils and inside the mouth. There was no evidence of @entity130 besides small contusions and abrasions on the knees, with a patch placed over the largest abrasion. Closer inspection revealed that this was transdermal @entity3575 patch. Internal examination and microscopic analysis revealed regurgitation of stomach content, cerebral and @entity3126 . Toxicology analysis revealed trace levels of @entity3575 in the blood just above the limit of detection (2  ng/mL), while concentrations in the urine, liver, and kidney were approximately 102, 28, and 10  ng/mL, respectively. Investigation discovered that the @entity1 injured her knee while playing the evening before. The grandmother applied the patch to cover the injury, unaware that she had used a @entity3575 transdermal patch instead of simple band-aid. Although @entity8769 are uncommon among young @entity1 in high-income countries, it is of major interest to raise awareness of such events especially since a great majority of these are preventable. The presented case points at the need for more thorough education of users and more strict rules in prescribing and handling of this potent medicine. As well, we find this case to be a useful contribution to the evaluation of postmortem @entity3575 concentrations in fatal intoxication in a small @entity1 .

title: Death by band-aid: fatal misuse of transdermal XXXX patch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema, and liver congestion']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['fatal intoxications']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7197 is a rare lesion of low-grade malignancy, and represents 1% of @entity5 of bones, and is mainly located in two regions of the body, jaw ( @entity1567 ), and lower extremities. The treatment of choice is surgery due to it being a radio- and chemotherapy-resistant @entity5 . CLINICAL CASE: A 39 year old male with a history of neonatal hydrocephalus with moderate @entity1155 . He began with @entity158 in the posterior region of the left thigh for one year before admission, which was managed as @entity9530 . He had sudden intense @entity158 on walking, that led him to fall over. In the examination, left pelvic limb with @entity85 in the distal third with increase in volume in the thigh, with @entity158 to palpation, and presence of crackles in the distal third of the femur. A biopsy of the thigh was performed, with subsequent local wide excision + replacement of bone with cadaver bone and a central medullary nail. The final diagnosis was @entity7197 . CONCLUSION: The @entity7197 are rare @entity5 . It is important to recognise this type of @entity5 from the beginning, since its prognosis is excellent in initial stages. It is important to have free margins as survival is very high.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with limb preservation. A case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinomas', 'Adamantinoma', 'adamantinoma of femur']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'malignant bone tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity9530 :: ('MESH:D011842', 'Disease') :: ['posterior radicular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity7197 :: (MESH:D050398,Disease) :: ['adamantinoma of femur']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apoptosis plays an important role in @entity194 and @entity6288 in skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that insufficient @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) may contribute to apoptosis and @entity2057 . In addition, long-term caloric restriction (CR) and lifelong wheel running exercise (WR) with CR provide significant protection against caspase-dependent apoptosis and @entity6288 . Caspase-independent mediators (endonuclease G: @entity38677 ; apoptosis-inducing factor: AIF) of apoptosis are also linked to muscles wasting with disuse and aging. However, the efficacy of CR and WR with CR to attenuate caspase-independent apoptosis and preserve HSPs in aging skeletal muscle are unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that CR and WR with CR would ameliorate age-induced elevation of @entity38677 and AIF while protecting @entity28915 and @entity18273 levels in the plantaris. Male Fischer-344 @entity35 were divided into 4 groups at 11weeks: ad libitum feeding until 6months (YAL); fed ad libitum until 24months old (OAL); 8%CR to 24months (OCR); WR+8%CR to 24months (OExCR). Nuclear @entity38677 levels were significantly higher in OAL (+153%) than in YAL, while CR (-38%) and WR with CR (-46%) significantly attenuated age-induced increment in nuclear @entity38677 . @entity28915 (-63%) protein content and phosphorylation at Ser82 (-49%) were significantly lower in OAL than in YAL, while @entity28915 protein content was significantly higher in OCR (+136%) and OExCR (+155%) and p- @entity28915 (+254%) was significantly higher in OExCR compared with OAL, respectively. In contrast, AIF and @entity18273 were unaltered by CR or WR with CR in aging muscle. These data indicate that CR and WR with CR attenuate age-associated upregulation of @entity38677 translocation in the nucleus, potentially involved with @entity28915 signaling.

title: Lifelong wheel running exercise and mild caloric restriction attenuate nuclear XXXX in the aging plantaris muscle.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity38677 :: (362100(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['EndoG']


abstract: A 22-year-old male @entity1 presented with a 3-day history of @entity490 , @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity391 . He reported @entity1661 of a couple of weeks' duration. He had been hospitalised 7   months earlier, owing to the same symptoms, however, the cause was never clarified. Initial examination showed @entity1661 and blood tests indicated @entity1712 . An abdominal CT scan showed mild @entity843 and a diffuse thickening of the small intestinal loops, and a cystic formation 3   cm in diameter on the liver. The differential diagnosis included parasite @entity281 and @entity14761 . Liver MRI revealed a simple biliary cyst. Microbiological tests, stool and blood cultures as well as stool examination for parasites were negative. The diagnostic paracentesis revealed @entity843 . An endoscopy was performed and histopathology revealed presence of moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate containing eosinophils, compatible with @entity14761 . The @entity1 responded well to the initiation of corticosteroids.

title: A 22-year-old male @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'eosinophilic ascites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: A 22-year-old male @entity1 presented with a 3-day history of @entity490 , @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity391 . He reported @entity1661 of a couple of weeks' duration. He had been hospitalised 7   months earlier, owing to the same symptoms, however, the cause was never clarified. Initial examination showed @entity1661 and blood tests indicated @entity1712 . An abdominal CT scan showed mild @entity843 and a diffuse thickening of the small intestinal loops, and a cystic formation 3   cm in diameter on the liver. The differential diagnosis included parasite @entity281 and @entity14761 . Liver MRI revealed a simple biliary cyst. Microbiological tests, stool and blood cultures as well as stool examination for parasites were negative. The diagnostic paracentesis revealed @entity843 . An endoscopy was performed and histopathology revealed presence of moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate containing eosinophils, compatible with @entity14761 . The @entity1 responded well to the initiation of corticosteroids.

title: A 22-year-old male XXXX with @entity843 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of medical abortion "reversal" treatment. Since the usual care for @entity1 seeking to continue pregnancies after ingesting @entity3927 is expectant management with fetal surveillance, we also performed a systematic review of continuing pregnancy after @entity3927 alone. STUDY DESIGN: We searched PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus and the Cochrane Library for articles published through March 2015 reporting the proportion of pregnancies continuing after treatment with either @entity3927 alone or after an additional treatment following @entity3927 aimed at reversing its effect. RESULTS: From 1115 articles retrieved, 1 study met inclusion criteria for abortion reversal, and 13 studies met criteria for continuing pregnancy after @entity3927 alone. The one report of abortion reversal was a case series of 7 @entity1 receiving varying doses of @entity1420 in oil intramuscularly or micronized @entity1420 orally or vaginally; 1 @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The study was of poor quality and lacked clear information on @entity1 selection. Four of six @entity1 continued the pregnancy to term [67%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 30-90%]. Assuming the lost @entity1 aborted resulted in a continuing pregnancy proportion of 57% (95% CI 25-84%). The proportion of pregnancies continuing 1-2 weeks after @entity3927 alone varied from 8% (95% CI 3-22%) to 46% (95% CI 37-56%). Continuing pregnancy was more common with lower @entity3927 doses and advanced gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: In the rare case that a @entity1 changes her mind after starting medical abortion, evidence is insufficient to determine whether treatment with @entity1420 after @entity3927 results in a higher proportion of continuing pregnancies compared to expectant management. IMPLICATIONS: Legislation requiring physicians to inform @entity1 about abortion reversal transforms an unproven therapy into law and represents legislative interference in the @entity1 -physician relationship.

title: Continuing pregnancy after XXXX and "reversal" of first-trimester medical abortion: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications rate among @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ) @entity1 who underwent lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt insertion with a programmable Strata valve. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated @entity1 who underwent LP shunt with a programmable Strata valve insertion at the University of Ottawa Civic Hospital from November 2012 to June 2013. The demographic data, clinical symptoms, opening pressure, pre-operative and post-operative visual fields, neuroimaging, visual acuity, disc status, and complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Seven female @entity1 with @entity5576 underwent insertion of an LP shunt with a programmable Strata valve. The mean opening pressure was 35.8cm @entity4358 . The initial valve setting was 1.5, and four @entity1 required post-operative valve pressure adjustment. All @entity1 showed significant improvement in objective visual testing at follow-up as well as less frequent @entity10 . None of the @entity1 developed intra- or post-operative complications. CONCLUSION: LP shunts with programmable Strata valve systems are a potential alternative to conventional LP and programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt systems as well as optic nerve sheath fenestration, due to their potential in avoiding @entity1545 , lower failure and complication rates, lower @entity551 incidence, and flexibility in adjusting valve pressure settings post-operatively evading under- and overdrainage complications. They should be considered for the management of @entity5576 instead of early design LP systems and VP shunts. A randomized multi-center trial should be conducted to compare the efficacy of these surgical techniques.

title: Management of XXXX with a programmable lumboperitoneal shunt: Early experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity2 has been shown to be inversely related to socioeconomic status (SES). Because the Canadian Cancer Registry does not contain socioeconomic data, the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort was used to study @entity2 risk in the general Canadian population. DATA AND METHODS: This study examines incidence rates of @entity2 and histologic subtypes by educational attainment, income and @entity3675 in a broadly representative sample of Canadians aged 25 or older. Data for the 1991 Canadian Census Cohort were analyzed. The cohort comprised 2,734,835 individuals, among whom 215,700 new @entity5 cases were diagnosed from 1991 through 2003. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by age, sex, and SES using the direct method. Rate ratios, rate differences, and excess incidence were also calculated. RESULTS: An inverse risk between @entity2 incidence and educational attainment, income and @entity3675 emerged among @entity1 and @entity1 , and a stepped negative gradient in RRs was evident for all SES variables and age groups. If all cohort members had experienced the rate of those with a university degree, @entity2 incidence would have been 56% lower in @entity1 and 55% lower in @entity1 . If all cohort members had experienced the incidence rate of those in the highest income quintile, incidence would have been 33% lower in @entity1 and 25% lower in @entity1 . If all cohort members had experienced the rate of those in managerial occupations, incidence would have been 54% lower in @entity1 and 44% lower in @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: A negative gradient in @entity2 risk was evident for all SES variables studied.

title: XXXX incidence in Canada: A 13-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['social determinants of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Social determinants of lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Neurological outcome prognosis remains challenging in @entity1 undergoing @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) after cardiac resuscitation. Technological advances allow for a novel wrist-worn device to continuously record electrodermal activity (EDA), a measure of pure sympathetic activity. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed to determine the yield of continuous EDA in @entity1 treated with @entity2332 for @entity772 after @entity1167 during @entity2332 and normothermia. Association between EDA parameters (event-related and nonspecific electrodermal responses (ER- @entity26186 , NS- @entity26186 )) and outcome measures (cerebral performance category [CPC]) (Full Outline in UnResponsivenss (FOUR) score) were assessed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled. Total number of @entity26186 (66.4 vs 12.0/24h, p=0.02), ER- @entity26186 (39.5 vs 11.2/24h, p=0.009), median amplitude change of all @entity26186 (0.08 vs 0.03 SI, p=0.03) and ER- @entity26186 (0.14 vs 0.05 SI, p=0.025) were higher in @entity1 with favorable (CPC 1-2) versus poor outcome (CPC 3-5) during @entity2332 . Greater differences in EDA parameters were observed during @entity2332 than normothermia. The FOUR score was correlated to the number of all @entity26186 and median amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous EDA potentially opens a new avenue for autonomic function monitoring in neurocritically ill @entity1 . It is feasible in the ICU setting, even during hypothermic states. As a measure of a complete neurophysiological circuit, it may be a novel neurophysiologic biomarker of outcome after cardiac resuscitation.

title: Continuous electrodermal activity as a potential novel neurophysiological biomarker of prognosis after XXXX - A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity3393 extended release (ER) as an add-on therapy to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) [combination therapy] for treatment of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity195 ( @entity195 ) from both a healthcare payer and a societal perspective over 3 years when compared to AChEI monotherapy in the US. METHODS: A phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity3393 ER for treatment of @entity195 @entity1 taking an AChEI. The analysis assessed the long-term costs and health outcomes using an individual @entity1 simulation in which @entity195 progression is modeled in terms of cognition, behavior, and functioning changes. Input parameters are based on @entity1 -level trial data, published literature, and publicly available data sources. Changes in anti- @entity716 medication use are incorporated based on a published retrospective cohort study. Costs include drug acquisition and monitoring, total @entity195 -related medical care, and informal care associated with caregiver time. Incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR), life years, care time for caregiver, time in community and institution, time on anti-psychotics, time by disease severity, and time without severe symptoms are reported. Costs and health outcomes are discounted at 3% per annum. RESULTS: Considering a societal perspective over 3 years, this analysis shows that @entity3393 ER combined with an AChEI provides better clinical outcomes and lower costs than AChEI monotherapy. Discounted average savings were estimated at  18,355 and  20,947 per @entity1 and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) increased by an average of 0.12 and 0.13 from a societal and healthcare payer perspective, respectively. @entity1 on combination therapy spent an average of 4 months longer living at home and spend less time in moderate-severe and severe stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy for @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity195 is a cost-effective treatment compared to AChEI monotherapy in the US.

title: Cost-utility analysis of @entity3393 extended release added to cholinesterase inhibitors compared to cholinesterase inhibitor monotherapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dementia of the XXXX in the US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of @entity3393 extended release (ER) as an add-on therapy to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) [combination therapy] for treatment of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity195 ( @entity195 ) from both a healthcare payer and a societal perspective over 3 years when compared to AChEI monotherapy in the US. METHODS: A phase III trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity3393 ER for treatment of @entity195 @entity1 taking an AChEI. The analysis assessed the long-term costs and health outcomes using an individual @entity1 simulation in which @entity195 progression is modeled in terms of cognition, behavior, and functioning changes. Input parameters are based on @entity1 -level trial data, published literature, and publicly available data sources. Changes in anti- @entity716 medication use are incorporated based on a published retrospective cohort study. Costs include drug acquisition and monitoring, total @entity195 -related medical care, and informal care associated with caregiver time. Incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR), life years, care time for caregiver, time in community and institution, time on anti-psychotics, time by disease severity, and time without severe symptoms are reported. Costs and health outcomes are discounted at 3% per annum. RESULTS: Considering a societal perspective over 3 years, this analysis shows that @entity3393 ER combined with an AChEI provides better clinical outcomes and lower costs than AChEI monotherapy. Discounted average savings were estimated at  18,355 and  20,947 per @entity1 and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) increased by an average of 0.12 and 0.13 from a societal and healthcare payer perspective, respectively. @entity1 on combination therapy spent an average of 4 months longer living at home and spend less time in moderate-severe and severe stages of the disease. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy for @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity195 is a cost-effective treatment compared to AChEI monotherapy in the US.

title: Cost-utility analysis of XXXX extended release added to cholinesterase inhibitors compared to cholinesterase inhibitor monotherapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dementia of the @entity195 in the US.

answer: @entity3393 :: (MESH:D008559,Chemical) :: ['memantine']


abstract: Importance: The Standard of Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) Study showed that intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) is effective at reducing macular @entity4 and improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity2994 . Secondary analysis of the incidence, risk factors, and timing of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation occurring after IVTA provides guidance for clinical decision making and management of @entity1 treated with IVTA. Objective: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and time course of IOP elevation in @entity1 in the SCORE Study. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Secondary analysis conducted from August through December 2014 of a prospective, randomized clinical trial featuring an evaluable population conducted at 75 clinical sites. Six hundred eighty-two @entity1 with macular @entity4 secondary to @entity2994 were enrolled in the study. The SCORE Study enrollment period ran from November 4, 2004, to February 29, 2008, with @entity1 follow-up ending February 28, 2009. Interventions: Study @entity1 were randomized to standard of care, 1 mg of IVTA, or 4 mg of IVTA therapy and followed up for a mean (SD) of 24.7 (10.3) months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Intraocular pressure elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline. Results: Kaplan-Meier incidences of IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline at 36 months were 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01-0.06), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05-0.14), and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38-0.53) in the standard of care, 1-mg IVTA, and 4-mg IVTA groups, respectively. The rates of IOP-related events were higher for the 4-mg IVTA group compared with the other groups (P    <=   .001 for main outcome measure). Younger age, 4-mg IVTA vs 1-mg IVTA treatment, and higher baseline IOP were found to confer greater risk for IOP-related events (P   <   .05 for all). The median number of days from time of first injection to IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline was 34.0 and 52.5 days in @entity1 treated with 1-mg and 4-mg IVTA, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Intravitreal @entity2995 injection therapy, in particular the 4-mg dose, is associated with an increased risk for IOP elevation. The risk factors for an IOP-related event include higher treatment dose, younger age, and higher baseline IOP. Intraocular pressure-related events may take several months from the time of first IVTA injection to occur. Clinicians should be mindful of these risk factors when assessing the risks and benefits of IVTA therapy and also of the need for long-term follow-up of @entity1 at risk for this complication. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Timing of Elevated Intraocular Pressure After Intravitreal XXXX Injection for Macular @entity4 Secondary to @entity2994 : SCORE Study Report 15.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['Triamcinolone Acetonide']


abstract: Importance: The Standard of Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) Study showed that intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) is effective at reducing macular @entity4 and improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity2994 . Secondary analysis of the incidence, risk factors, and timing of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation occurring after IVTA provides guidance for clinical decision making and management of @entity1 treated with IVTA. Objective: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and time course of IOP elevation in @entity1 in the SCORE Study. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Secondary analysis conducted from August through December 2014 of a prospective, randomized clinical trial featuring an evaluable population conducted at 75 clinical sites. Six hundred eighty-two @entity1 with macular @entity4 secondary to @entity2994 were enrolled in the study. The SCORE Study enrollment period ran from November 4, 2004, to February 29, 2008, with @entity1 follow-up ending February 28, 2009. Interventions: Study @entity1 were randomized to standard of care, 1 mg of IVTA, or 4 mg of IVTA therapy and followed up for a mean (SD) of 24.7 (10.3) months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Intraocular pressure elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline. Results: Kaplan-Meier incidences of IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline at 36 months were 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01-0.06), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05-0.14), and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38-0.53) in the standard of care, 1-mg IVTA, and 4-mg IVTA groups, respectively. The rates of IOP-related events were higher for the 4-mg IVTA group compared with the other groups (P    <=   .001 for main outcome measure). Younger age, 4-mg IVTA vs 1-mg IVTA treatment, and higher baseline IOP were found to confer greater risk for IOP-related events (P   <   .05 for all). The median number of days from time of first injection to IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline was 34.0 and 52.5 days in @entity1 treated with 1-mg and 4-mg IVTA, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Intravitreal @entity2995 injection therapy, in particular the 4-mg dose, is associated with an increased risk for IOP elevation. The risk factors for an IOP-related event include higher treatment dose, younger age, and higher baseline IOP. Intraocular pressure-related events may take several months from the time of first IVTA injection to occur. Clinicians should be mindful of these risk factors when assessing the risks and benefits of IVTA therapy and also of the need for long-term follow-up of @entity1 at risk for this complication. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Timing of Elevated Intraocular Pressure After Intravitreal @entity2995 Injection for Macular @entity4 Secondary to XXXX : SCORE Study Report 15.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: Importance: The Standard of Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) Study showed that intravitreal @entity2995 (IVTA) is effective at reducing macular @entity4 and improving visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity2994 . Secondary analysis of the incidence, risk factors, and timing of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation occurring after IVTA provides guidance for clinical decision making and management of @entity1 treated with IVTA. Objective: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and time course of IOP elevation in @entity1 in the SCORE Study. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Secondary analysis conducted from August through December 2014 of a prospective, randomized clinical trial featuring an evaluable population conducted at 75 clinical sites. Six hundred eighty-two @entity1 with macular @entity4 secondary to @entity2994 were enrolled in the study. The SCORE Study enrollment period ran from November 4, 2004, to February 29, 2008, with @entity1 follow-up ending February 28, 2009. Interventions: Study @entity1 were randomized to standard of care, 1 mg of IVTA, or 4 mg of IVTA therapy and followed up for a mean (SD) of 24.7 (10.3) months. Main Outcomes and Measures: Intraocular pressure elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline. Results: Kaplan-Meier incidences of IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline at 36 months were 0.02 (95% CI, 0.01-0.06), 0.09 (95% CI, 0.05-0.14), and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.38-0.53) in the standard of care, 1-mg IVTA, and 4-mg IVTA groups, respectively. The rates of IOP-related events were higher for the 4-mg IVTA group compared with the other groups (P    <=   .001 for main outcome measure). Younger age, 4-mg IVTA vs 1-mg IVTA treatment, and higher baseline IOP were found to confer greater risk for IOP-related events (P   <   .05 for all). The median number of days from time of first injection to IOP elevation greater than 10 mm Hg from baseline was 34.0 and 52.5 days in @entity1 treated with 1-mg and 4-mg IVTA, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Intravitreal @entity2995 injection therapy, in particular the 4-mg dose, is associated with an increased risk for IOP elevation. The risk factors for an IOP-related event include higher treatment dose, younger age, and higher baseline IOP. Intraocular pressure-related events may take several months from the time of first IVTA injection to occur. Clinicians should be mindful of these risk factors when assessing the risks and benefits of IVTA therapy and also of the need for long-term follow-up of @entity1 at risk for this complication. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Timing of Elevated Intraocular Pressure After Intravitreal @entity2995 Injection for Macular XXXX Secondary to @entity2994 : SCORE Study Report 15.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have proposed that the temporal discrimination threshold (TDT), the shortest detectable time period between two stimuli, is a possible endophenotype for @entity3520 ( @entity3520 ). @entity1 with @entity3520 , the third most common @entity717 , and their first-degree relatives have been shown to have abnormal @entity227 . For this reason it is important to fully characterize each @entity1 's data. To date the TDT has only been reported as a single value. APPROACH: Here, we fit individual @entity1 data with a cumulative Gaussian to extract the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. The mean represents the point of subjective equality (PSE), the inter-stimulus interval at which @entity1 are equally likely to respond that two stimuli are one stimulus (synchronous) or two different stimuli (asynchronous). The standard deviation represents the just noticeable difference (JND) which is how sensitive @entity1 are to changes in temporal asynchrony around the PSE. We extended this method by submitting the data to a non-parametric bootstrapped analysis to get 95% confidence intervals on individual @entity1 data. MAIN RESULTS: Both the JND and PSE correlate with the TDT value but are independent of each other. Hence this suggests that they represent different facets of the TDT. Furthermore, we divided groups by age and compared the TDT, PSE, and JND values. The analysis revealed a statistical difference for the PSE which was only trending for the TDT. SIGNIFICANCE: The analysis method will enable deeper analysis of the TDT to leverage subtle differences within and between control and @entity1 groups, not apparent in the standard TDT measure.

title: Non-parametric bootstrapping method for measuring the temporal discrimination threshold for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and tactile TDTs']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['AOIFD', 'adult onset idiopathic isolated focal dystonia']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorders']


abstract: AIM: To estimate the impact of adherence with @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy on the incidence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastropathy ( @entity32 ) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: PPI pharmacotherapy adherence was estimated using the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) in 92 @entity1 with @entity309 , including 32 @entity1 did not take a PPI and 60 used a PPI. The groups were matched for age, disease duration, and used NSAIDs. All those asked underwent video esophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS: According to the data of MAQ survey, low, moderate, and high adherence subgroups could be identified among the @entity1 treated with a PPI. @entity32 was detected in 43.8% of the @entity1 taking no PPI, in 50% of those with low PPI treatment adherence, in 12.5% with moderate adherence, and in 4.5% with high adherence. In the @entity1 with low adherence to PPI therapy, @entity32 was recorded 11 times more frequently than in those with high adherence (c2 = 7.77; p = 0.005). This condition occurred in 28.6% of the @entity1 taking NSAID without preventively using a PPI in the absence of risk factors for @entity32 . CONCLUSION: Only 36.7% @entity1 who had been recommended to use a PPI for the prevention of @entity32 strictly observed their doctor's directions. Low PPI pharmacotherapy adherence may serve as an additional risk factor for @entity32 in @entity1 in whom preventive antisecretory therapy used in combination with NSAID is indicated.

title: [Adherence with XXXX inhibitor therapy, by continuously taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['NSAID gastropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity7080 :: (495,Gene) :: ['proton pump']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite its high incidence, nerve fiber (axon and myelin) damage after @entity385 has not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate white matter repair after adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) administration in an experimental model of subcortical @entity64 . Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the ADMSC secretome and whether this could be implicated in this repair function. METHODS: An animal model of subcortical @entity385 with white matter affectation was induced in @entity35 by injection of @entity1827 . At 24 hours, 2 * 10(6) ADMSC were administered intravenously to the treatment group. Functional evaluation, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, cell death, proliferation, white matter repair markers ( @entity70034 , NF, and @entity8382 ) and NogoA were all studied after sacrifice (7 days and 28 days). ADMSC migration and implantation in the brain as well as proteomics analysis and functions of the secretome were also analyzed. RESULTS: Neither ADMSC migration nor implantation to the brain was observed after ADMSC administration. In contrast, ADMSC implantation was detected in peripheral organs. The treatment group showed a smaller functional deficit, smaller lesion area, less cell death, more oligodendrocyte proliferation, more white matter connectivity and higher amounts of myelin formation. The treated animals also showed higher levels of white matter-associated markers in the injured area than the control group. Proteomics analysis of the ADMSC secretome identified 2,416 proteins, not all of them previously described to be involved in brain plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: White matter integrity in subcortical @entity64 is in part restored by ADMSC treatment; this is mediated by repair molecular factors implicated in axonal sprouting, remyelination and oligodendrogenesis. These findings are associated with improved functional recovery after @entity64 .

title: White matter injury restoration after stem cell administration in subcortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Degradation of @entity2362 leads to the production of @entity2362 -derived peptides (EDP), which exhibit several biological effects, such as cell proliferation or protease secretion. Binding of EDP on the @entity2362 receptor complex (ERC) triggers @entity18530 ( @entity18531 ) production and @entity1366 activation following ERC @entity689 subunit activation. The ability for ERC to transduce signals is lost during aging, but the mechanism involved is still unknown. In this study, we characterized an in vitro model of aging by subculturing @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. This model was used to understand the loss of EDP biological activities during aging. Our results show that ERC uncoupling does not rely on @entity689 or @entity5132 mRNA or protein level changes. Furthermore, we observe that the membrane targeting of these subunits is not affected with aging. However, we evidence that @entity689 activity and @entity18531 production are altered. Basal @entity689 catalytic activity is strongly increased in aged cells. Consequently, EDP fail to promote @entity689 catalytic activity and @entity18531 production in these cells. In conclusion, we propose, for the first time, an explanation for ERC uncoupling based on the age-related alterations of @entity689 activity and @entity18531 production that may explain the loss of EDP-mediated effects occurring during aging.

title: Uncoupling of @entity2362 Complex Receptor during In Vitro Aging Is Related to Modifications in Its Intrinsic Sialidase Activity and the Subsequent XXXX Production.

entities_list: @entity18530 :: ('MESH:C009744', 'Chemical') :: ['lactosylceramide']

answer: @entity18530 :: (MESH:C009744,Chemical) :: ['Lactosylceramide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Degradation of @entity2362 leads to the production of @entity2362 -derived peptides (EDP), which exhibit several biological effects, such as cell proliferation or protease secretion. Binding of EDP on the @entity2362 receptor complex (ERC) triggers @entity18530 ( @entity18531 ) production and @entity1366 activation following ERC @entity689 subunit activation. The ability for ERC to transduce signals is lost during aging, but the mechanism involved is still unknown. In this study, we characterized an in vitro model of aging by subculturing @entity1 dermal fibroblasts. This model was used to understand the loss of EDP biological activities during aging. Our results show that ERC uncoupling does not rely on @entity689 or @entity5132 mRNA or protein level changes. Furthermore, we observe that the membrane targeting of these subunits is not affected with aging. However, we evidence that @entity689 activity and @entity18531 production are altered. Basal @entity689 catalytic activity is strongly increased in aged cells. Consequently, EDP fail to promote @entity689 catalytic activity and @entity18531 production in these cells. In conclusion, we propose, for the first time, an explanation for ERC uncoupling based on the age-related alterations of @entity689 activity and @entity18531 production that may explain the loss of EDP-mediated effects occurring during aging.

title: Uncoupling of XXXX Complex Receptor during In Vitro Aging Is Related to Modifications in Its Intrinsic Sialidase Activity and the Subsequent @entity18530 Production.

answer: @entity2362 :: (2006,Gene) :: ['Elastin']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity75 are rare and represent a wide range of different benign and malignant pathologies. For an accurate and specific final diagnosis, biopsy procedures and/or resections followed by histologic examination are mandatory. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the challenges in obtaining a final histologic diagnosis in @entity1 with various types of @entity75 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 24 @entity1 who underwent endonasal endoscopic biopsy of the clivus between February 1, 2005, and June 1, 2013, in 2 medical university hospitals. Analysis was conducted between January 1 and August 15, 2014. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent endoscopic biopsy of the clivus. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The number of biopsies performed to establish a diagnosis in @entity75 and the problems encountered when analyzing the radiologic findings and histologic results. RESULTS: In 14 of 24 @entity1 (58%), a conclusive histologic diagnosis of the @entity75 could be determined. Despite up to 3 endonasal endoscopic biopsies, the histologic result could not be clearly specified in the remaining 10 @entity1 (42%). No major complications occurred. Treatment based on the testing results included endonasal endoscopic surgery, radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy, and/or follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Challenges can occur in the radiologic evaluation and pathologic differentiation of diverse @entity79 with overlapping morphologic features as well as in the differentiation between neoplastic, reactive, inflammatory, and metabolic @entity79 and @entity245 . Despite more than 1 biopsy, histologic classification will not always lead to a definitive diagnosis. In such cases, an interdisciplinary team should decide whether additional biopsies should be performed or whether clinical, endoscopic, and radiologic controls are sufficient.

title: Challenges in Histologic Diagnosis of XXXX of the Clivus.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['clival lesions', 'Nonchordomatous clival lesions', 'nonchordomatous clival lesion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Nonchordomatous Lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Torsion of the omentum is a rare cause of acute surgical abdomen. Here we describe a case of a pregnant @entity1 with acute @entity490 and a perioperative diagnosis of @entity39 of torted omentum was made. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Masaryks Hospital, Jilemnice. CASE REPORT: Thirty year old female @entity1 , who was 38 weeks pregnant, presented to our department with acute surgical abdomen. @entity697 was suspected and an urgent caesarean section followed by appendectomy was scheduled. However, perioperatively a necrotic part of torted omentum was identified and resected. CONCLUSION: Torsion of the omentum is a rare cause of acute @entity490 which is usually diagnosed only perioperatively. This condition usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and most commonly mimics @entity697 . Owing to, inexplicit symptoms and wide range of differential diagnoses it is important to think of this entity as a possible cause of acute @entity490 . Clear indication for abdominal surgery, especially in pregnant @entity1 is essential and requires efficient team working between gynaecologists, abdominal surgeons and radiologists.

title: [Torsion of the omentum - an unexpected cause of  acute surgical abdomen in a  pregnant XXXX -case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous recent advances in wound healing have highlighted the importance of adjunct therapies in maximizing healing potential, abnormal wound healing continues to cause significant expense, morbidity, and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effects of @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) on wound healing. HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that @entity4045 administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ) and @entity16309 , and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity6930 ) in normoglycemic (NG) @entity35 model of wound healing. METHODS: Each @entity35 received an identical wound from a full-thickness incision on its back. Experimental @entity35 received systemic administration of @entity4045 . All @entity35 underwent examinations for biomechanical and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis. Maximum stress and energy absorption were calculated as the biomechanical examinations. Expressions of @entity17533 , @entity16309 and @entity6930 genes were evaluated semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: @entity4045 significantly improved biomechanical parameters. Quantification of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 showed that @entity4045 significantly reduced gene expressions of @entity17533 and @entity16309 . There was a significant increase in @entity6930 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of @entity4045 significantly accelerated the wound healing process in NG @entity35 .

title: @entity1502 Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of @entity17533 , XXXX , and @entity6930 in Normoglycemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity17533 :: ('300339(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinaseses-1']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity16309 :: (171045(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MMP-3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous recent advances in wound healing have highlighted the importance of adjunct therapies in maximizing healing potential, abnormal wound healing continues to cause significant expense, morbidity, and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effects of @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) on wound healing. HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that @entity4045 administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ) and @entity16309 , and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity6930 ) in normoglycemic (NG) @entity35 model of wound healing. METHODS: Each @entity35 received an identical wound from a full-thickness incision on its back. Experimental @entity35 received systemic administration of @entity4045 . All @entity35 underwent examinations for biomechanical and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis. Maximum stress and energy absorption were calculated as the biomechanical examinations. Expressions of @entity17533 , @entity16309 and @entity6930 genes were evaluated semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: @entity4045 significantly improved biomechanical parameters. Quantification of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 showed that @entity4045 significantly reduced gene expressions of @entity17533 and @entity16309 . There was a significant increase in @entity6930 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of @entity4045 significantly accelerated the wound healing process in NG @entity35 .

title: XXXX Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 in Normoglycemic @entity35 .

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['Pentoxifylline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous recent advances in wound healing have highlighted the importance of adjunct therapies in maximizing healing potential, abnormal wound healing continues to cause significant expense, morbidity, and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effects of @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) on wound healing. HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that @entity4045 administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ) and @entity16309 , and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity6930 ) in normoglycemic (NG) @entity35 model of wound healing. METHODS: Each @entity35 received an identical wound from a full-thickness incision on its back. Experimental @entity35 received systemic administration of @entity4045 . All @entity35 underwent examinations for biomechanical and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis. Maximum stress and energy absorption were calculated as the biomechanical examinations. Expressions of @entity17533 , @entity16309 and @entity6930 genes were evaluated semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: @entity4045 significantly improved biomechanical parameters. Quantification of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 showed that @entity4045 significantly reduced gene expressions of @entity17533 and @entity16309 . There was a significant increase in @entity6930 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of @entity4045 significantly accelerated the wound healing process in NG @entity35 .

title: @entity1502 Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 in Normoglycemic XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous recent advances in wound healing have highlighted the importance of adjunct therapies in maximizing healing potential, abnormal wound healing continues to cause significant expense, morbidity, and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effects of @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) on wound healing. HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that @entity4045 administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ) and @entity16309 , and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity6930 ) in normoglycemic (NG) @entity35 model of wound healing. METHODS: Each @entity35 received an identical wound from a full-thickness incision on its back. Experimental @entity35 received systemic administration of @entity4045 . All @entity35 underwent examinations for biomechanical and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis. Maximum stress and energy absorption were calculated as the biomechanical examinations. Expressions of @entity17533 , @entity16309 and @entity6930 genes were evaluated semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: @entity4045 significantly improved biomechanical parameters. Quantification of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 showed that @entity4045 significantly reduced gene expressions of @entity17533 and @entity16309 . There was a significant increase in @entity6930 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of @entity4045 significantly accelerated the wound healing process in NG @entity35 .

title: @entity1502 Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and XXXX in Normoglycemic @entity35 .

answer: @entity6930 :: (116510(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although numerous recent advances in wound healing have highlighted the importance of adjunct therapies in maximizing healing potential, abnormal wound healing continues to cause significant expense, morbidity, and mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effects of @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) on wound healing. HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that @entity4045 administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate @entity17533 ( @entity17533 ) and @entity16309 , and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity6930 ) in normoglycemic (NG) @entity35 model of wound healing. METHODS: Each @entity35 received an identical wound from a full-thickness incision on its back. Experimental @entity35 received systemic administration of @entity4045 . All @entity35 underwent examinations for biomechanical and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) analysis. Maximum stress and energy absorption were calculated as the biomechanical examinations. Expressions of @entity17533 , @entity16309 and @entity6930 genes were evaluated semi-quantitatively by reverse transcriptional (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: @entity4045 significantly improved biomechanical parameters. Quantification of @entity17533 , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 showed that @entity4045 significantly reduced gene expressions of @entity17533 and @entity16309 . There was a significant increase in @entity6930 gene expression. CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of @entity4045 significantly accelerated the wound healing process in NG @entity35 .

title: @entity1502 Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of XXXX , @entity16309 , and @entity6930 in Normoglycemic @entity35 .

answer: @entity17533 :: (300339(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['MMP-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disturbance associated with severe wildfires (WF) and WF simulating harvest operations can potentially alter soil @entity577 ( @entity578 ) oxidation in well-aerated forest soils due to the effect on soil properties linked to diffusivity, methanotrophic activity or changes in methanotrophic bacterial community structure. However, changes in soil @entity578 flux related to such disturbances are still rarely studied even though WF frequency is predicted to increase as a consequence of global climate change. We measured in-situ soil-atmosphere @entity578 exchange along a wet sclerophyll eucalypt forest regeneration chronosequence in Tasmania, Australia, where the time since the last severe fire or harvesting disturbance ranged from 9 to >200  years. On all sampling occasions, mean @entity578 uptake increased from most recently disturbed sites (9  year) to sites at stand 'maturity' (44 and 76  years). In stands >76  years since disturbance, we observed a decrease in soil @entity578 uptake. A similar age dependency of potential @entity578 oxidation for three soil layers (0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.15  m) could be observed on incubated soils under controlled laboratory conditions. The differences in soil @entity578 uptake between forest stands of different age were predominantly driven by differences in soil moisture status, which affected the diffusion of atmospheric @entity578 into the soil. The observed soil moisture pattern was likely driven by changes in interception or evapotranspiration with forest age, which have been well described for similar eucalypt forest systems in south-eastern Australia. Our results imply that there is a large amount of variability in @entity578 uptake at a landscape scale that can be attributed to stand age and soil moisture differences. An increase in severe WF frequency in response to climate change could potentially increase overall forest soil @entity578 sinks.

title: Changes in soil moisture drive soil XXXX uptake along a fire regeneration chronosequence in a eucalypt forest landscape.

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a common diagnosis and leading cause of @entity204 worldwide. Amounts of @entity353 vary but it is associated with considerable morbidity, poorer quality of life and reduced survival. Nutritional intervention has the potential to maximise response to treatment and improve functioning and quality of life. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence for oral nutritional interventions in the management of @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Comparison of studies of nutritional support interventions in @entity1 with @entity5 is complicated by variations in understanding of what constitutes a compromised nutritional status. There are similarities and differences between definitions of both @entity3147 and @entity3085 and studies of oral nutritional interventions have failed to use standard criteria at study inclusion contributing to heterogeneity amongst studies. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials has suggested limited evidence of benefit to nutritional and clinical outcomes but some improvements to aspects of quality of life. The presence of @entity3085 in @entity1 with @entity5 might explain the limited efficacy of simple oral nutritional interventions, which lack a component designed to address @entity209 associated with @entity3085 . Novel strategies combining nutritional support with therapeutic agents designed to down-regulate the metabolic aberrations have failed to demonstrate consistent benefits and the results of multimodal treatments combining several interventions are awaited. There is a need for intervention studies recruiting @entity1 early in the disease course, which underlines the need for definitions which predict poor outcome and hence allow early recognition of vulnerable @entity1 .

title: The effectiveness of nutritional interventions in @entity3147 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a common diagnosis and leading cause of @entity204 worldwide. Amounts of @entity353 vary but it is associated with considerable morbidity, poorer quality of life and reduced survival. Nutritional intervention has the potential to maximise response to treatment and improve functioning and quality of life. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence for oral nutritional interventions in the management of @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Comparison of studies of nutritional support interventions in @entity1 with @entity5 is complicated by variations in understanding of what constitutes a compromised nutritional status. There are similarities and differences between definitions of both @entity3147 and @entity3085 and studies of oral nutritional interventions have failed to use standard criteria at study inclusion contributing to heterogeneity amongst studies. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials has suggested limited evidence of benefit to nutritional and clinical outcomes but some improvements to aspects of quality of life. The presence of @entity3085 in @entity1 with @entity5 might explain the limited efficacy of simple oral nutritional interventions, which lack a component designed to address @entity209 associated with @entity3085 . Novel strategies combining nutritional support with therapeutic agents designed to down-regulate the metabolic aberrations have failed to demonstrate consistent benefits and the results of multimodal treatments combining several interventions are awaited. There is a need for intervention studies recruiting @entity1 early in the disease course, which underlines the need for definitions which predict poor outcome and hence allow early recognition of vulnerable @entity1 .

title: The effectiveness of nutritional interventions in XXXX and @entity3085 .

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity162 ( @entity162 ) present with abnormalities of circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis, even during phases of remission. These abnormalities are linked to the underlying neurobiology of and genetic susceptibility to @entity162 . @entity2493 is a pineal gland secreted neurohormone that induces circadian-related and sleep-related responses. Exogenous @entity2493 has demonstrated efficacy in treating @entity22 , delayed sleep @entity74 , improving sleep parameters and overall sleep quality, and some @entity146 disorders like @entity2438 . In order to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2493 among @entity1 with @entity162 , this comprehensive review emphasizes the abnormal @entity2493 function in @entity162 , the rationale of @entity2493 action in @entity162 , the available data about the exogenous administration of @entity2493 , and @entity2493 agonists (ramelteon and @entity17508 ), and recommendations of use in @entity1 with @entity162 . There is a scientific rationale to propose @entity2493 -agonists as an adjunctive treatment of mood stabilizers in treating @entity25 in @entity162 and thus to possibly prevent relapses when administered during remission phases. We emphasized the need to treat @entity22 , sleep delayed latencies and @entity25 in @entity162 are prodromal markers of an emerging mood episode and possible targets to prevent future relapses. An additional interesting adjunctive therapeutic effect might be on preventing @entity209 , particularly in @entity1 treated with antipsychotics. Finally, @entity2493 is well tolerated and has little dependence potential in contrast to most available sleep medications. Future studies are expected to be able to produce stronger evidence-based therapeutic guidelines to confirm and delineate the routine use of @entity2493 -agonists in the treatment of @entity162 .

title: XXXX AND @entity2493 AGONISTS AS ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Bipolar disorders', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity17508 :: ('MESH:C478745', 'Chemical') :: ['tasimelteon']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['phase disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['primary insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['MELATONIN']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity162 ( @entity162 ) present with abnormalities of circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis, even during phases of remission. These abnormalities are linked to the underlying neurobiology of and genetic susceptibility to @entity162 . @entity2493 is a pineal gland secreted neurohormone that induces circadian-related and sleep-related responses. Exogenous @entity2493 has demonstrated efficacy in treating @entity22 , delayed sleep @entity74 , improving sleep parameters and overall sleep quality, and some @entity146 disorders like @entity2438 . In order to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2493 among @entity1 with @entity162 , this comprehensive review emphasizes the abnormal @entity2493 function in @entity162 , the rationale of @entity2493 action in @entity162 , the available data about the exogenous administration of @entity2493 , and @entity2493 agonists (ramelteon and @entity17508 ), and recommendations of use in @entity1 with @entity162 . There is a scientific rationale to propose @entity2493 -agonists as an adjunctive treatment of mood stabilizers in treating @entity25 in @entity162 and thus to possibly prevent relapses when administered during remission phases. We emphasized the need to treat @entity22 , sleep delayed latencies and @entity25 in @entity162 are prodromal markers of an emerging mood episode and possible targets to prevent future relapses. An additional interesting adjunctive therapeutic effect might be on preventing @entity209 , particularly in @entity1 treated with antipsychotics. Finally, @entity2493 is well tolerated and has little dependence potential in contrast to most available sleep medications. Future studies are expected to be able to produce stronger evidence-based therapeutic guidelines to confirm and delineate the routine use of @entity2493 -agonists in the treatment of @entity162 .

title: @entity2493 AND XXXX AGONISTS AS ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS IN BIPOLAR DISORDERS.

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['MELATONIN']


abstract: Purpose. To present the clinical and histopathologic correlation of two cases of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ) after prior intraocular surgery. Methods. Observational case reports. Results. We present two cases of @entity2543 occurring after intraocular surgery. In both cases, after two anterior chamber injections of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), the area of @entity2543 initially regressed. In Case 1, a limited area of @entity2543 eventually recurred, and penetrating keratoplasty with cryotherapy was curative. In Case 2, subsequent @entity3279 required Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, and the @entity1 remained clinically free of @entity2543 without further treatment. Conclusion. Intracameral @entity1487 may have a role in the treatment of @entity2543 after intraocular surgery, though its precise utilization and impact remain to be defined.

title: Epithelial Downgrowth after Intraocular Surgery Treated with Intracameral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['EDG', 'epithelial downgrowth']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the protective effects of solutions containing stannous (Sn), @entity1388 (F) and their combination in the prevention of dentin @entity2681 . Forty @entity291 root dentin specimens (4'4'2 mm3) were prepared and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): @entity18360 (800 ppm/6.7 mM Sn), @entity7034 (250 ppm/13 mM F), @entity7034 / @entity18360 (800 ppm/6.7 mM Sn; 250 ppm/13 mM F), and deionized water (DIW) as a negative control. An acquired pellicle was formed on dentin samples by incubation in clarified, pooled, stimulated @entity1 saliva for 24 hours. The specimens were subjected to 5 daily cycles, each consisting of 5 of min @entity3760 (0.3%/15.6 mM @entity1792 , pH 2.6, 6'/day) and 60 min of re-mineralization in clarified @entity1 saliva. Thirty minutes after the 1st, 3rd and 5th @entity3760 episodes of each day, the specimens were treated with one of the test solutions for 2 min. Surface loss was measured via optical profilometry. Mixed-model ANOVA followed by Tukey's test were used for the statistical analysis. Sn, F, and their combination significantly reduced the dentin surface loss by 23%, 36%, and 60% compared with DIW, respectively. All groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The combination of Sn and F significantly reduced the amount of dentin surface loss compared with all other groups. The F group also significantly reduced surface loss compared with Sn and DIW, followed by the Sn group, which showed significantly greater protection compared with the DIW control. The daily use of a combined @entity1388 and stannous solution is promising for preventing dentin @entity2681 .

title: Efficacy of stannous, XXXX and their their combination in dentin @entity2681 prevention in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to compare the protective effects of solutions containing stannous (Sn), @entity1388 (F) and their combination in the prevention of dentin @entity2681 . Forty @entity291 root dentin specimens (4'4'2 mm3) were prepared and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10): @entity18360 (800 ppm/6.7 mM Sn), @entity7034 (250 ppm/13 mM F), @entity7034 / @entity18360 (800 ppm/6.7 mM Sn; 250 ppm/13 mM F), and deionized water (DIW) as a negative control. An acquired pellicle was formed on dentin samples by incubation in clarified, pooled, stimulated @entity1 saliva for 24 hours. The specimens were subjected to 5 daily cycles, each consisting of 5 of min @entity3760 (0.3%/15.6 mM @entity1792 , pH 2.6, 6'/day) and 60 min of re-mineralization in clarified @entity1 saliva. Thirty minutes after the 1st, 3rd and 5th @entity3760 episodes of each day, the specimens were treated with one of the test solutions for 2 min. Surface loss was measured via optical profilometry. Mixed-model ANOVA followed by Tukey's test were used for the statistical analysis. Sn, F, and their combination significantly reduced the dentin surface loss by 23%, 36%, and 60% compared with DIW, respectively. All groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The combination of Sn and F significantly reduced the amount of dentin surface loss compared with all other groups. The F group also significantly reduced surface loss compared with Sn and DIW, followed by the Sn group, which showed significantly greater protection compared with the DIW control. The daily use of a combined @entity1388 and stannous solution is promising for preventing dentin @entity2681 .

title: Efficacy of stannous, @entity1388 and their their combination in dentin XXXX prevention in vitro.

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['erosion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fixed-dose combination formulations, which simplify the administration of drugs and prevent the development of drug resistance, have been recommended as a standard anti- @entity378 treatment regimen. However, the composition and dosage recommendations for fixed-dose combination formulations differ from those for separate formulations. Thus, questions about the effectiveness and side effects of combination formulations remain. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of these two types of anti- @entity378 regimens for @entity1907 treatment. METHOD: A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted using the directly observed treatment short-course strategy. @entity1 were randomly allocated to one of two short-course regimens. One year after completing the treatment, these @entity1 ' outcomes were analyzed. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00979290. RESULTS: A total of 161 @entity1 were enrolled, 142 of whom were evaluable for safety assessment. The two regimens had a similar incidence of adverse effects. In the per-protocol population, serum @entity648 concentrations at the peak level, at week 4, and at week 8 were significantly higher for the fixed-dose combination formulation than for the separate formulations. All @entity1 had negative sputum cultures at the end of the treatment, and no relapse occurred after one year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized study, transient higher serum @entity648 levels were noted for the fixed-dose combination regimen compared with the separate formulations during treatment. However, no significant difference in safety or efficacy was found between the groups when the directly observed treatment short-course strategy was used.

title: Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a fixed-dose combination regimen and separate formulations for XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The injury pattern from @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) @entity130 is different if the target is in a vehicle (mounted) or on foot (dismounted). Combat and civilian first response protocols require the placement of a cervical collar on all victims of a @entity3614 . METHODS: We searched the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) and the Role 3 Hospital, Kandahar Airfield (KAF) database from Mar. 1, 2008, to May 31, 2011. We collected data on cervical @entity174 ; @entity542 ; @entity130 amputation; initial blood pressure, pulse, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score and base excess; and @entity1 demographic information. RESULTS: The concordance rate between JTTR and KAF databases was 98%. Of the 15 693 admissions in JTTR, 326 @entity1 with dismounted @entity1652 injuries were located. The rate of cervical collar prehospital placement was 7.6%. @entity174 were found in 19 (5.8%) dismounted @entity1652 victims, but only 4 (1.2%) were considered radiographically unstable. None of these 19 @entity1 had prehospital placement of a collar. @entity1 with cervical spine fractures were more severely injured than those without (ISS 18.2 v. 13.4; GCS 10.1 v. 12.5). @entity1 with @entity542 had significantly higher risk of cervical @entity130 than those with no @entity542 recorded (13.6% v. 3.9%). No differences in frequency of cervical @entity130 were found between @entity1 who had associated @entity130 amputations and those who did not (5.4% v. 6.0%). CONCLUSION: Dismounted @entity1652 is a mechanism of injury associated with a low risk for cervical spine @entity130 . A selective protocol for cervical collar placement on victims of dismounted @entity1652 blasts is possible and may be more amenable to combat situations.

title: XXXX in dismounted @entity1652 @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['IED', 'improvised explosive device']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury', 'trauma', 'traumatic']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cervical spine injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The injury pattern from @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) @entity130 is different if the target is in a vehicle (mounted) or on foot (dismounted). Combat and civilian first response protocols require the placement of a cervical collar on all victims of a @entity3614 . METHODS: We searched the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) and the Role 3 Hospital, Kandahar Airfield (KAF) database from Mar. 1, 2008, to May 31, 2011. We collected data on cervical @entity174 ; @entity542 ; @entity130 amputation; initial blood pressure, pulse, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score and base excess; and @entity1 demographic information. RESULTS: The concordance rate between JTTR and KAF databases was 98%. Of the 15 693 admissions in JTTR, 326 @entity1 with dismounted @entity1652 injuries were located. The rate of cervical collar prehospital placement was 7.6%. @entity174 were found in 19 (5.8%) dismounted @entity1652 victims, but only 4 (1.2%) were considered radiographically unstable. None of these 19 @entity1 had prehospital placement of a collar. @entity1 with cervical spine fractures were more severely injured than those without (ISS 18.2 v. 13.4; GCS 10.1 v. 12.5). @entity1 with @entity542 had significantly higher risk of cervical @entity130 than those with no @entity542 recorded (13.6% v. 3.9%). No differences in frequency of cervical @entity130 were found between @entity1 who had associated @entity130 amputations and those who did not (5.4% v. 6.0%). CONCLUSION: Dismounted @entity1652 is a mechanism of injury associated with a low risk for cervical spine @entity130 . A selective protocol for cervical collar placement on victims of dismounted @entity1652 blasts is possible and may be more amenable to combat situations.

title: @entity130 in dismounted @entity1652 XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The injury pattern from @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) @entity130 is different if the target is in a vehicle (mounted) or on foot (dismounted). Combat and civilian first response protocols require the placement of a cervical collar on all victims of a @entity3614 . METHODS: We searched the Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) and the Role 3 Hospital, Kandahar Airfield (KAF) database from Mar. 1, 2008, to May 31, 2011. We collected data on cervical @entity174 ; @entity542 ; @entity130 amputation; initial blood pressure, pulse, injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score and base excess; and @entity1 demographic information. RESULTS: The concordance rate between JTTR and KAF databases was 98%. Of the 15 693 admissions in JTTR, 326 @entity1 with dismounted @entity1652 injuries were located. The rate of cervical collar prehospital placement was 7.6%. @entity174 were found in 19 (5.8%) dismounted @entity1652 victims, but only 4 (1.2%) were considered radiographically unstable. None of these 19 @entity1 had prehospital placement of a collar. @entity1 with cervical spine fractures were more severely injured than those without (ISS 18.2 v. 13.4; GCS 10.1 v. 12.5). @entity1 with @entity542 had significantly higher risk of cervical @entity130 than those with no @entity542 recorded (13.6% v. 3.9%). No differences in frequency of cervical @entity130 were found between @entity1 who had associated @entity130 amputations and those who did not (5.4% v. 6.0%). CONCLUSION: Dismounted @entity1652 is a mechanism of injury associated with a low risk for cervical spine @entity130 . A selective protocol for cervical collar placement on victims of dismounted @entity1652 blasts is possible and may be more amenable to combat situations.

title: @entity130 in dismounted XXXX @entity130 .

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['improvised explosive device']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4279 (PI) 5% as the only preoperative antiseptic in @entity231 surgery. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 undergoing phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia in an outpatient surgery setting in a teaching hospital participated in the study. The preoperative antiseptic regimen consisted of instillation into the conjunctival sac and periorbital scrub with PI 5%. No topical antibiotic was given. Eyelid margin swabs were obtained for bacteriological culture before and after PI antisepsis and at the conclusion of surgery. The number of bacterial species isolated was compared with the Wilcoxon test. Anterior chamber aspirates were taken immediately before and after surgery to determine the rate of contamination. RESULTS: Bacteria were isolated from the eyelid margins of 48 @entity1 (96%; 95% exact confidence interval, 86.3%-99.5%) before surgery, from the eyelid margins of 28 @entity1 (56%) after antisepsis with PI 5%, and from the eyelid margins of 26 @entity1 (56%; 95% exact confidence interval, 41.3%-70.0%) at the conclusion of surgery. The reduction of positive eyelid margin culture was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Anterior chamber aspirates were positive in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 with negative growth from anterior chamber aspirates developed culture-negative @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: Because 56% of eyelids still have positive culture after PI 5% antisepsis, it might not be relied on as the sole preoperative antiseptic measure. Meticulous surgical technique, together with other modalities of preoperative and intraoperative antisepsis, should be used to prevent @entity86 .

title: Preoperative Antisepsis With Povidone-Iodine 5% in XXXX Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) play important roles in angiogenesis. In this study, a @entity7 named TjsvVEGF was purified from the venom of Trimeresurus jerdonii by gel filtration, affinity, ion-exchange and high-performance liquid chromatography. TjsvVEGF was a homodimer with an apparent molecular mass of 29  kDa. The cDNA encoding TjsvVEGF was obtained by PCR. The open reading frame of the cloned TjsvVEGF was composed of 432 bp coding for a signal peptide of 24 @entity3689 residues and a mature protein of 119 @entity3689 residues. Compared with other snake venom VEGFs, the @entity4334 and deduced protein sequences of the cloned TjsvVEGF were conserved. TjsvVEGF showed low heparin binding activity and strong capillary permeability increasing activity. The KD of TjsvVEGF to VEFGR-2 is 413 pM. However, the binding of TjsvVEGF to @entity6758 is too weak to detect. Though TjsvVEGF had high sequence identities (about 90%) with Crotalinae VEGFs, the receptor preference of TjsvVEGF was similar to Viperinae VEGFs which had lower sequence identities (about 60%) with it. TjsvVEGF might serve as a useful tool for the study of structure-function relationships of VEGFs and their receptors.

title: XXXX from Trimeresurus jerdonii venom specifically binds to VEGFR-2.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: a) to propose and implement an evaluation system; b) to classify the @entity358 and determine levels of physical therapy; c) to check the progress postoperatively. METHODS: @entity1 underwent physiotherapy assessment preoperatively, postoperatively and after 5 days of intervention. They were classified into three levels of care: level 1 - low risk of complication; Level 2 - medium risk; Level 3 - high risk. We used analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance for repeated measures or Friedman. Chi-square test or Fisher for proportions. We considered statistical significance level P<0.05. RESULTS: We studied 199 @entity1 , 156 classified within level 1, 32 at level 2 and 11 at level 3. Thoracoabdominal motion and auscultation changed significantly postoperatively, persisting at levels 2 and 3 (P<0.05). Oxygenation and respiratory rate changed at levels 2 and 3 postoperatively (P<0.05) with recovery at the end. Significant decrease in lung volumes occurred in three levels (P<0.05) with partial recovery at level 1, @entity891 occurred at all levels, with recovery by 56% at level 1, 47% at level 2, 27% at level 3. CONCLUSION: The proposed assessment identified valve surgery @entity1 who require differentiated physical therapy. Level 1 @entity1 had rapid recovery, while the level 2 showed significant changes with functional gains at the end. Level 3 @entity1 , more committed and prolonged recovery, should receive greater assistance.

title: A propose of XXXX stratification after valve surgery by physiotherapeutic assistance level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['lung collapse']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']