abstract: OBJECTIVE: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDeg @entity2574 ) is a soluble coformulation of the novel basal analog insulin degludec (IDeg: 70%) and insulin aspart (IAsp: 30%). We compared the safety and efficacy of IDegAsp, an @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) (55% IDeg and 45% IAsp), and insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-na  ve subjects with type 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 16-week, open-label trial, subjects (mean age 59.1 years, @entity3916 8.5%, BMI 30.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to once-daily IDegAsp (n = 59), @entity4373 (n = 59), or IGlar (n = 60), all in combination with @entity2449 . Insulin was administered before the evening meal and dose-titrated to a fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) target of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean @entity3916 decreased in all groups to comparable levels (IDegAsp: 7.0%; @entity4373 : 7.2%; IGlar: 7.1%). A similar proportion of subjects achieved @entity3916 <7.0% without confirmed @entity4053 in the last 4 weeks of treatment (IDegAsp: 51%; @entity4373 : 47%; IGlar: 50%). Mean 2-h postdinner plasma @entity413 increase was lower for IDeg @entity2574 (0.13 mmol/L) and @entity4373 (0.24 mmol/L) than IGlar (1.63 mmol/L), whereas mean FPG was similar (IDegAsp: 6.8 mmol/L; @entity4373 : 7.4 mmol/L; IGlar: 7.0 mmol/L). @entity4053 rates were lower for IDegAsp and IGlar than @entity4373 (1.2, 0.7, and 2.4 events/ @entity1 year). Nocturnal hypoglycemic events occurred rarely for IDeg @entity2574 (1 event) and IGlar (3 events) compared with @entity4373 (27 events). CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept trial, once-daily IDegAsp was safe, well tolerated, and provided comparable overall glycemic control to IGlar at similar low rates of @entity4053 , but better postdinner plasma @entity413 control.

title: A new-generation ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a bolus boost compared with insulin glargine in insulin-naive @entity1 with type 2 XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['alternative formulation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDeg @entity2574 ) is a soluble coformulation of the novel basal analog insulin degludec (IDeg: 70%) and insulin aspart (IAsp: 30%). We compared the safety and efficacy of IDegAsp, an @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) (55% IDeg and 45% IAsp), and insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-na  ve subjects with type 2 @entity6 inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 16-week, open-label trial, subjects (mean age 59.1 years, @entity3916 8.5%, BMI 30.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to once-daily IDegAsp (n = 59), @entity4373 (n = 59), or IGlar (n = 60), all in combination with @entity2449 . Insulin was administered before the evening meal and dose-titrated to a fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) target of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L. RESULTS: After 16 weeks, mean @entity3916 decreased in all groups to comparable levels (IDegAsp: 7.0%; @entity4373 : 7.2%; IGlar: 7.1%). A similar proportion of subjects achieved @entity3916 <7.0% without confirmed @entity4053 in the last 4 weeks of treatment (IDegAsp: 51%; @entity4373 : 47%; IGlar: 50%). Mean 2-h postdinner plasma @entity413 increase was lower for IDeg @entity2574 (0.13 mmol/L) and @entity4373 (0.24 mmol/L) than IGlar (1.63 mmol/L), whereas mean FPG was similar (IDegAsp: 6.8 mmol/L; @entity4373 : 7.4 mmol/L; IGlar: 7.0 mmol/L). @entity4053 rates were lower for IDegAsp and IGlar than @entity4373 (1.2, 0.7, and 2.4 events/ @entity1 year). Nocturnal hypoglycemic events occurred rarely for IDeg @entity2574 (1 event) and IGlar (3 events) compared with @entity4373 (27 events). CONCLUSIONS: In this proof-of-concept trial, once-daily IDegAsp was safe, well tolerated, and provided comparable overall glycemic control to IGlar at similar low rates of @entity4053 , but better postdinner plasma @entity413 control.

title: A new-generation ultra-long-acting basal insulin with a bolus boost compared with insulin glargine in insulin-naive XXXX with type 2 @entity6 : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: We conducted a study to establish the psychometric properties of a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for @entity1 with @entity2 (MDASI-LC). The MDASI measures 13 common "core" symptoms of @entity5 and its treatment. The MDASI-LC includes the 13 core MDASI symptom items and three @entity2 -specific items: coughing, @entity1142 , and sore throat. MDASI-LC items were administered to three cohorts of @entity1 with @entity2 undergoing either chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Known-group validity and criterion (concurrent) validity of the MDASI-LC were evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the module were adequate, with Cronbach coefficient a-values of 0.83 or higher for all module items and subscales. The sensitivity of the MDASI-LC to changes in @entity1 performance status (disease progression) and to continuing @entity5 treatment (effects of treatment) was established. Cognitive debriefing of a subset of @entity1 provided evidence for content validity and indicated that the MDASI core items and three additional @entity2 -specific items were clear, relevant to @entity1 , and easy to understand; only two @entity1 suggested additional symptom items. As expected, the item "sore throat" was sensitive only for @entity1 receiving chemoradiotherapy. The MDASI-LC is a valid, reliable, and sensitive symptom-assessment instrument whose use can enhance clinical studies of symptom status in @entity1 with @entity2 and epidemiological and prevalence studies of symptom severity across various @entity5 types.

title: Measuring the symptom XXXX : the validity and utility of the @entity2 module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['burden of lung cancer']


abstract: We conducted a study to establish the psychometric properties of a module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) developed specifically for @entity1 with @entity2 (MDASI-LC). The MDASI measures 13 common "core" symptoms of @entity5 and its treatment. The MDASI-LC includes the 13 core MDASI symptom items and three @entity2 -specific items: coughing, @entity1142 , and sore throat. MDASI-LC items were administered to three cohorts of @entity1 with @entity2 undergoing either chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Known-group validity and criterion (concurrent) validity of the MDASI-LC were evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the module were adequate, with Cronbach coefficient a-values of 0.83 or higher for all module items and subscales. The sensitivity of the MDASI-LC to changes in @entity1 performance status (disease progression) and to continuing @entity5 treatment (effects of treatment) was established. Cognitive debriefing of a subset of @entity1 provided evidence for content validity and indicated that the MDASI core items and three additional @entity2 -specific items were clear, relevant to @entity1 , and easy to understand; only two @entity1 suggested additional symptom items. As expected, the item "sore throat" was sensitive only for @entity1 receiving chemoradiotherapy. The MDASI-LC is a valid, reliable, and sensitive symptom-assessment instrument whose use can enhance clinical studies of symptom status in @entity1 with @entity2 and epidemiological and prevalence studies of symptom severity across various @entity5 types.

title: Measuring the symptom @entity2 : the validity and utility of the XXXX module of the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory.

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study was to demonstrate of whether the therapeutic effects of antibiotics depend on their in vitro activity in sub-inhibitory concentrations against staphylococci. @entity5152 , @entity801 and @entity6186 were used in the study. Groups of @entity794 strains, containing 6 strains with similar MIC values each but different sensitivity to sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations (sub-MIC) were selected (a total of 36 trains): i. strains increasing their sensitivity to phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of @entity95 leukocytes after incubation with an antibiotic in 0.1 MIC concentration, ii. strains with sensitivity to the above factors unaffected by incubation with an antibiotic in 0.5 MIC concentration. The doses of staphylococci causing death of 90-100% of Swiss albino @entity19 10 days after i.p. infection were determined. The injected doses (LD 90-100) and various doses of antibiotics were used to determine ED50 values as well as the survival rate of the @entity19 with experimental @entity1793 after treatment with these antibiotics. It was demonstrated that effective doses (ED 50) of the antiboitics were significantly lower when the antibiotics were administered once to @entity19 infected with strains @entity794 sensitive to sub-MIC concentrations of the investigated antibiotics than for @entity19 infected with strains resistant to their sub-MIC concentrations. Similar correlations were observed in @entity19 which were given the antibiotics several times (for 7 days): the percentage of the surviving @entity19 was higher in the group infected with sub-MIC sensitive strains. The therapeutic effect of @entity5152 , @entity801 and @entity6186 demonstrated a significant correlation with the @entity794 strains used to induce the @entity281 and their sensitivity, or lack of sensitivity in vitro, to phagocytosis and bactericdal activity of leukocytes in the presence of antibiotics in sub-MIC concentrations.

title: [Therapeutic effect of some antibiotics on experimental staphylococcal infection and its correlation with in vitro activity of antibiotics in sub-inhibitory concentration against XXXX strains].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['Cloxacillin', 'cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity6186 :: ('MESH:D008034', 'Chemical') :: ['lincomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occult @entity0 is occasionally found in reduction mammaplasty specimens. Historically, these @entity1 were treated with mastectomy because the exact location of the @entity5 was unknown. Currently, breast conservation is the treatment of choice in 50 to 85 percent of @entity0 . The authors present a technique of routine specimen marking that allows localization of the @entity5 and preservation of the choice of lumpectomy. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of 866 @entity1 who underwent reduction mammaplasty performed by a single surgeon between 1990 and 2009. Data were collected for @entity1 who had @entity5 found in their specimens, including age, @entity5 risk factors, abnormality, nodal status, selected treatment, and survival status. Specimens were marked and oriented and then sent in separate bags to the pathologist. RESULTS: There were 10 cases of @entity189 among the 866 @entity1 (1.15 percent) who underwent reduction mammaplasty. Six @entity5 were found in @entity1 undergoing reduction for symptomatic @entity21879 [n = 629 (0.95 percent)]. Four new @entity5 were found in the group of @entity1 with a personal history of @entity5 [n = 237 (1.69 percent)]. All 10 @entity1 had normal preoperative mammograms. Location, size, and margin status were easily identified and @entity1 were offered the choice of lumpectomy or mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This article demonstrates that careful marking of reduction specimens in high-risk @entity1 or in @entity1 older than 40 years allows the pathologist to orient, localize, and further section tissue for margin status. Communication among plastic surgeon, pathologist, oncologist, and radiation therapist preserves the choice of breast conserving therapy for early @entity5 .

title: XXXX in 866 reduction mammaplasties: preserving the choice of lumpectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'occult cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['occult carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['macromastia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Occult carcinoma']


abstract: 20 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in first remission were given @entity786 , 120 mg/kg, followed by @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and an HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant (BMT). @entity348 was delivered in a single dose (10 Gy on day -1) in 2 @entity1 , or in fractionated doses (3.3 rad/day on days -3, -2, -1) in 18 @entity1 . The median age of @entity1 was 22 years (range 2-44). Median time from remission to BMT was 5 months (range 1-12). 5 @entity1 died of transplant-related @entity137 ( @entity2132 with or without @entity401 ) and 15 are alive 7-77 months post-BMT (median 20). The actuarial 72 months survival is 73%. There has been one relapse in a 2-year-old @entity1 , 4 months post-BMT, in the marrow and in the testis. The 72-month actuarial disease-free survival is 68%. The actuarial probability of relapse is 7%. This study indicates that a high proportion of @entity3052 @entity1 treated in first remission with fractionated @entity348 and allogeneic marrow transplantation can become long-term disease-free survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for XXXX ( @entity3052 ) in first remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoid leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphoid leukemia']


abstract: 20 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in first remission were given @entity786 , 120 mg/kg, followed by @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and an HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant (BMT). @entity348 was delivered in a single dose (10 Gy on day -1) in 2 @entity1 , or in fractionated doses (3.3 rad/day on days -3, -2, -1) in 18 @entity1 . The median age of @entity1 was 22 years (range 2-44). Median time from remission to BMT was 5 months (range 1-12). 5 @entity1 died of transplant-related @entity137 ( @entity2132 with or without @entity401 ) and 15 are alive 7-77 months post-BMT (median 20). The actuarial 72 months survival is 73%. There has been one relapse in a 2-year-old @entity1 , 4 months post-BMT, in the marrow and in the testis. The 72-month actuarial disease-free survival is 68%. The actuarial probability of relapse is 7%. This study indicates that a high proportion of @entity3052 @entity1 treated in first remission with fractionated @entity348 and allogeneic marrow transplantation can become long-term disease-free survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for @entity3052 ( XXXX ) in first remission.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['ANLL']


abstract: The 99.2% @entity137 of @entity18115 venom can be detoxified by treatment with 0.25% GA ( @entity3584 ) solution at pH 6.8 and still remains its antigenicity. Using the GA treated venom incorporated with Freund's complete adjuvant as immunogen, the titer of immune @entity1641 sera can be enhanced rapidly. The modified immunization method not only shortened the period of immunization (from 180 to 60 days), but also increased the potency of immune sera (from 75 to 170 units). The method also diminished the mortality rate of the @entity1641 during the immunization period (from 37 to 0%) and increased the antibody production rate (from 20 to 100%), as compared to Tanaka's method. With the present method, significant economic effects can be achieved. The neutralization antibody titer of Naja naja atra antivenin could be elevated 3.55 times through purification of the antivenin with the pepsin digestion method. The antivenin recovery rate using the pepsin digestion method was about 55.44%. The solubility of lyophilized antivenin was significantly improved by the addition of 2% @entity2228 . In addition to an increase of antivenin potency and purity, the problem of an inadequate production rate has also been resolved. Now lyophilized antivenin can be supplied even to remote areas, thus providing excellent opportunities for clinical application. This Institute has already adopted this new immunization schedule in lieu of the old Tanaka method.

title: [The detoxification of XXXX venom and preparation of potent antivenin].

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity18115 :: ('8656', 'Species') :: ['Naja naja atra']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity18115 :: (8656,Species) :: ['Naja naja atra']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphism is an inevitable component of a multistage infectious organism, such as the @entity311 parasite. By means of genetic polymorphism, parasite opts particular polymorph and reveals survival advantage. Pvs25 and pvs28 are sexual stage antigen genes, expressed at the ookinete stage inside the mosquito gut, and considered as potential transmission-blocking vaccine candidates. This study presents sequence variations in two important transmission blocking antigen genes pvs25 and pvs28 in the field isolates of @entity3965 from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: One hundred microscopically diagnosed @entity3965 isolates were collected from five geographical regions of India. Pvs25 and pvs28 genes were PCR amplified and sequenced to assess sequence variation among field isolates. RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity535 substitutions were observed in Pvs25 (10) and Pvs28 (16) among field isolates of @entity3965 . Tandem repeat polymorphism observed in pvs28 shows 3-6 tandem repeats in the field isolates. Seven and eight novel @entity535 substitutions were observed in Pvs25 and Pvs28, respectively in Indian isolates. Comparison of @entity535 substitutions suggests that majority of substitutions observed in global isolates were also present in Indian subcontinent. A single haplotype was observed to be major haplotype among isolates of Delhi, Nadiad, Chennai and Panna except in isolates of Kamrup. Further, population comparison analyses suggest that @entity3965 isolates inhabiting in north-eastern region (Kamrup) were distantly related with the isolates from remaining parts of the country. Majority of the @entity535 substitutions observed in Indian isolates were more identical to the substitutions reported from isolates of Thailand and Bangladesh. CONCLUSION: Study uncovered many new @entity535 substitutions as well as a predominance of single haplotype in Indian subcontinent except in north-eastern region of the country. The @entity535 substitutions data generated in this study from different geographical regions of the Indian subcontinent could be helpful in designing a more effective anti-malarial transmission-blocking vaccine.

title: Antigenic repertoire of XXXX transmission-blocking vaccine candidates from the Indian subcontinent.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: In Experiment 1, 27 lactating @entity291 were fed complete rations ad libitum of 0, 15, and 30% whole cottonseed to examine the effects on intake, digestibility, blood gases, and blood metabolites. Dry matter intake declined linearly with increased cottonseed, but because of greater energy density, calculated net energy for lactation intake was not depressed significantly. Ether extract, crude protein, and @entity460 digestibility increased with cottonseed in the diet. Respiration rates declined with dry matter intake and increased cottonseed feeding; some blood gases were influenced by cottonseed feeding but not in a detrimental way. No data among 13 blood metabolites indicated effects of @entity6319 @entity137 with 30% whole cottonseed in the diet. In Experiment 2, 24 dry, nonpregnant Holstein @entity291 were offered complete rations ad libitum of 15, 35, and 55% whole cottonseed to measure responses in intake, respiration rates, and blood metabolites. The highest cottonseed diet significantly depressed intake of both dry matter and calculated net energy for lactation. Maximum dry matter from cottonseed eaten by an individual was 8.4 kg/d (average for 1 wk). Respiration rates declined parallel to intake. No evidence for @entity6319 @entity137 was seen among data of 11 metabolites in blood.

title: Effects of amount of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, and physiological responses of dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['gossypol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Diagnosis of follicular variant of @entity3557 (FVPTC) by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is challenging. In this retrospective review, we evaluated triage efficacy (i.e., potential for triggering surgical intervention) in 44 archived FNA biopsies of surgically confirmed FVPTC obtained between December 2006 and December 2008. We compared the original FNA diagnoses with reclassified diagnoses based on 2007 National @entity5 Institute (NCI)/Bethesda recommendations, and reviewed FNA cytologic features. Original FNA diagnoses included colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical follicular cells (5%, 2/44), follicular lesion (11%, 5/44), @entity5 (16%, 7/44), suspicious for @entity5 / @entity3557 (27%, 12/44), and @entity3557 (34%, 15/44). Reclassified diagnoses included indeterminate (5%, 2/44), colloid nodule (7%, 3/44), atypical cells of undetermined significance [ACUS] (7%, 3/44), @entity1544 (2%, 1/44), @entity5 (7%, 3/44), suspicious for @entity5 / @entity3557 (25%, 11/44), and @entity3557 (48%, 21/44). Triage efficacy was 77% (34/44) for original diagnoses versus 82% (36/44) for reclassified FNA diagnoses. We frequently observed cytologic features of @entity3557 , such as nuclear grooves and fine chromatin; conversely, intranuclear inclusions, though present in 77% cases, were scant. Our review findings suggest that lack of characteristic cytologic features of @entity3557 ,coexistence with other @entity1374 , and small @entity5 size arethe major obstacles to FNA diagnosis of FVPTC. Reclassification of thyroid FNA diagnoses does not significantly improve triage efficacy. Furthermore, FNA diagnoses of @entity5 and suspicious for @entity5 are valuable in @entity1 with FVPTC because they trigger triage toward surgical intervention.

title: The triage efficacy of fine needle aspiration biopsy for follicular variant of XXXX using the Bethesda reporting guidelines.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'follicular neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity141 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity1 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity1 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity141 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity8580 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity141 entry channel @entity7012 [ @entity1 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity141 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3281 quenching of @entity593 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3281 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity7012 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 could activate SMCE in @entity1 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with @entity1 transient receptor potential ( XXXX ) channels in @entity1 platelets.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

answer: @entity7012 :: (7220,Gene) :: ['hTRPC1']


abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity141 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity1 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity1 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity141 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity8580 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity141 entry channel @entity7012 [ @entity1 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity141 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3281 quenching of @entity593 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3281 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity7012 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 could activate SMCE in @entity1 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with XXXX transient receptor potential ( @entity7012 ) channels in @entity1 platelets.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity141 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity1 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity1 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity141 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity8580 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity141 entry channel @entity7012 [ @entity1 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity141 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3281 quenching of @entity593 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3281 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity7012 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity7012 could activate SMCE in @entity1 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with @entity1 transient receptor potential ( @entity7012 ) channels in XXXX platelets.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the use of serial autologous fat grafting to restore soft-tissue contour in @entity4802 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity4802 were divided into two groups. Microvascular free flap @entity1 had reconstruction with inframammary extended circumflex scapular flaps at skeletal maturity (n = 10). Alternatively, @entity1 had fat grafting during multiple staged operations for mandible and ear reconstruction (n = 21). Sex, age, severity of deformity [determined by OMENS ( @entity2694 , @entity3572 , @entity2169 , nerve involvement, and soft-tissue deficiency) classification], number of procedures, operative times, and augmentation volumes were recorded. A digital three-dimensional photogrammetry system was used to determine "final fat take" and symmetry (affected side versus unaffected side). Physician and @entity1 satisfaction were elicited. RESULTS: Microvascular free flap and fat grafting groups had similar OMENS scores, 2.4 and 2.3, and similar mean prereconstruction symmetry scores, 74 percent and 75 percent, respectively. Although the mean number of procedures was less for the microvascular free flap group versus the fat grafting group (2.2 versus 4.3), the combined surgical time was greater for the microvascular free flap group. The complication rate for the microvascular free flap group was 12 percent and that for the fat grafting group was 5 percent. The mean microvascular free flap volume implanted was 131 cc, with a final measured volume of 106 cc. Mean fat grafting volume injected per case was 33 cc, with total fat injections of 146 cc and a final measured volume of 121 cc. There was a mean fat loss of 25 cc and 83 percent fat take. Symmetry score was 121 percent for the microvascular free flap group and 99 percent for the fat grafting group. No statistically significant difference in @entity1 or physician satisfaction was noted. CONCLUSION: Serial fat grafting provided a useful alternative to microvascular free tissue transfer after skeletal reconstruction.

title: XXXX soft-tissue reconstruction comparison: inframammary extended circumflex scapular flap versus serial fat grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial microsomia']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital deformity']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear deformity']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['Craniofacial microsomia']


abstract: Foxy is slang for @entity40238 . It has hallucinogenic properties, similar to other @entity7300 compounds, and is mildly euphoric. This case report describes a 21-year-old Caucasian @entity1 who ingested a pill called Foxy containing an unknown amount of drug. He was observed in hospital for 2 h, during which time he had mild @entity1833 and could not move his limbs. A urine sample was collected approximately 4 h after drug ingestion. The @entity1 was then discharged with no follow up assessment. The @entity40238 was identified in the urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Standards prepared from the pure material were used in the identification. Quantitative analysis using the same analytical technique resulted in a urinary concentration of 1.7 micro g/mL. Through oxidative deamination, the metabolite, @entity72709 , was formed. It was identified in the urine, and the concentration was determined to be 1.3 micro g/mL using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two other compounds were discovered in the urine sample as a result of a routine drug screen. From their mass spectra, they were tentatively identified as @entity72710 and @entity40238 - @entity12139 .

title: Foxy, a designer XXXX hallucinogen.

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity72710 :: ('MESH:C487454', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N-isopropyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity40238 :: ('MESH:C033696', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine']

entities_list: @entity72709 :: ('MESH:C001736', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methoxy-indole acetic acid']

answer: @entity7300 :: (MESH:C030820,Chemical) :: ['tryptamine']


abstract: AIM: To present a comprehensive analysis of incidence, clinicopathological features, @entity954 , and survival for @entity420 . METHODS: A retrospective case analysis was conducted for the 10-year period 1998-2008. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity420 were analyzed for their demographics details, clinical features, @entity5 incidence and characteristics, @entity5 stage, surgical procedures performed, and their survival. RESULTS: Nine thousand three hundred and twenty-three @entity1 underwent appendectomies during the study period, and of these, 10 (0.1%: 8 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 with a mean age of 53.1 years, age range 21-83 years) were found to have primary @entity420 . @entity5 was not suspected pre-operatively in any of the @entity1 . Six (60%) @entity1 underwent secondary right hemicolectomy. Four (40%) cases had appendectomy alone, and two of them died, whereas all those who underwent right hemicolectomy are alive and disease free. Five (50%) were reported to have grade 1 disease, three (30%) grade 2, and two (20%) grade 3 with mean survival of 34, 48, and 22 mo, respectively. Six (60%) @entity1 presented with @entity1442 (Duke's C and D). At the end of follow up (mean period: 37.9 mo), eight @entity1 are alive and disease free at the end of follow up. Overall mean survival was 36.3 mo (confidence interval; 16%-56%) with 41.3 and 16 mo for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Mean survival for those with and without lymph node involvement was 33.6 and 40.2 mo, respectively. Right hemicolectomy gave better results than appendectomy alone, although the difference was not statistically significant due to the small number of cases. CONCLUSION: @entity420 is extremely rare @entity5 with varied presentations, and is usually advanced when diagnosed. Right hemicolectomy is the treatment of choice for such @entity5 .

title: Clinicopathological features and the outcome of surgical management for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Appendicular neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['appropriateness of surgical procedures']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the appendix', 'Adenocarcinoma of the appendix']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the appendix']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 ' lived experience of illness and health is receiving increased attention in the medical field. Understanding @entity1 ' perspective and experiences is an undoubted asset for efficient health interventions and improved clinical concordance. @entity1 ' experiences of care and cure, however, are influenced by the cultural setting in which these experiences take place. This implies that health interventions should be "ecological" and attuned to the specific sociocultural context of the @entity1 . METHODS: Our research group is conducting a cross-cultural qualitative study aimed ad exploring how @entity1295 (a symptom very common in @entity5 ) is perceived and manifested by @entity1 in different countries (Canada, Thailand, England and Italy). In order to achieve this, the study was design according to the method of Ethnoscience, that appeared to us the best suited to explore the meanings that @entity1 attribute to their state and the linguistic patterns they use to describe it. In this paper we will describe in details the process of Ethnoscience and will discuss the heuristic value of this research approach. RESULTS: Ethnoscience was an effective research strategy for exploring how beliefs and values shape symptoms and the behavioural manifestations of @entity5 related @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper discusses the heuristic value of Ethnoscience and its applicability to the study of health relate topics, particularly those where issues of social construction are important. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Ethnoscience is a promising and innovative research approach, able to cast light on the way @entity1 experience and make sense of their illness.

title: Studying the social construction of @entity5 -related XXXX experience: the heuristic value of Ethnoscience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 ' lived experience of illness and health is receiving increased attention in the medical field. Understanding @entity1 ' perspective and experiences is an undoubted asset for efficient health interventions and improved clinical concordance. @entity1 ' experiences of care and cure, however, are influenced by the cultural setting in which these experiences take place. This implies that health interventions should be "ecological" and attuned to the specific sociocultural context of the @entity1 . METHODS: Our research group is conducting a cross-cultural qualitative study aimed ad exploring how @entity1295 (a symptom very common in @entity5 ) is perceived and manifested by @entity1 in different countries (Canada, Thailand, England and Italy). In order to achieve this, the study was design according to the method of Ethnoscience, that appeared to us the best suited to explore the meanings that @entity1 attribute to their state and the linguistic patterns they use to describe it. In this paper we will describe in details the process of Ethnoscience and will discuss the heuristic value of this research approach. RESULTS: Ethnoscience was an effective research strategy for exploring how beliefs and values shape symptoms and the behavioural manifestations of @entity5 related @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper discusses the heuristic value of Ethnoscience and its applicability to the study of health relate topics, particularly those where issues of social construction are important. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Ethnoscience is a promising and innovative research approach, able to cast light on the way @entity1 experience and make sense of their illness.

title: Studying the social construction of XXXX -related @entity1295 experience: the heuristic value of Ethnoscience.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Previously, we reported that purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptors negatively regulate neurite formation in Neuro-2a (N2a) @entity19 @entity521 cells through a @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent kinase II-related mechanism. In the present study we used this cell line to investigate a parallel though faster @entity6200 -mediated signaling pathway, namely @entity141 -regulated exocytosis. Selective activation of P2X7 receptors evoked exocytosis as assayed by high resolution membrane capacitance measurements. Using dual-wavelength total internal reflection microscopy, we have observed both the increase in near-membrane @entity141 concentration and the exocytosis of fluorescently labeled vesicles in response to @entity6200 stimulation. Moreover, activation of P2X7 receptors also affects vesicle motion in the vertical and horizontal directions, thus, involving this receptor type in the control of early steps (docking and priming) of the secretory pathway. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR experiments evidenced that N2a cells express the three neuronal SNAREs as well as vesicular @entity377 and @entity1154 ( @entity72711 and @entity57557 ) transporters. Biochemical measurements indicated that @entity1360 induced a significant release of @entity855 from N2a cells. Finally, @entity6200 stimulation and @entity1360 increased the incidence of small transient inward currents, reminiscent of postsynaptic quantal events observed at synapses. Small transient inward currents were dependent on extracellular @entity141 and were abolished by @entity35706 , suggesting they were mediated by P2X7 receptors. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism mediated by @entity6200 -stimulated exocytotic release of @entity855 that would act on P2X7 receptors on the same or neighbor cells to further stimulate its own release and negatively control N2a cell differentiation.

title: P2X7 receptors trigger @entity855 exocytosis and modify secretory vesicle dynamics in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity35706 :: ('MESH:C004692', 'Chemical') :: ['Brilliant Blue G']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Previously, we reported that purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptors negatively regulate neurite formation in Neuro-2a (N2a) @entity19 @entity521 cells through a @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent kinase II-related mechanism. In the present study we used this cell line to investigate a parallel though faster @entity6200 -mediated signaling pathway, namely @entity141 -regulated exocytosis. Selective activation of P2X7 receptors evoked exocytosis as assayed by high resolution membrane capacitance measurements. Using dual-wavelength total internal reflection microscopy, we have observed both the increase in near-membrane @entity141 concentration and the exocytosis of fluorescently labeled vesicles in response to @entity6200 stimulation. Moreover, activation of P2X7 receptors also affects vesicle motion in the vertical and horizontal directions, thus, involving this receptor type in the control of early steps (docking and priming) of the secretory pathway. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR experiments evidenced that N2a cells express the three neuronal SNAREs as well as vesicular @entity377 and @entity1154 ( @entity72711 and @entity57557 ) transporters. Biochemical measurements indicated that @entity1360 induced a significant release of @entity855 from N2a cells. Finally, @entity6200 stimulation and @entity1360 increased the incidence of small transient inward currents, reminiscent of postsynaptic quantal events observed at synapses. Small transient inward currents were dependent on extracellular @entity141 and were abolished by @entity35706 , suggesting they were mediated by P2X7 receptors. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism mediated by @entity6200 -stimulated exocytotic release of @entity855 that would act on P2X7 receptors on the same or neighbor cells to further stimulate its own release and negatively control N2a cell differentiation.

title: P2X7 receptors trigger XXXX exocytosis and modify secretory vesicle dynamics in @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 is an uncommon @entity6 that must be considered in the differential diagnosis with @entity0 . We report the clinical presentation and course, the imaging and histologic findings, and the treatment of the @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 at our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an 11-year period, we studied six insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 (five @entity1 and one @entity1 ) with @entity6 . Imaging studies included mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A definitive histologic diagnosis was reached after core needle or surgical biopsy in all cases. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was not used in any of the cases. The mean follow-up period was 7 years. RESULTS: The most common clinical presentation was a palpable @entity9384 (67%). The imaging findings were a) at mammography: asymmetrical density (50%), b) at ultrasonography: a solid, hypoechoic @entity9384 measuring between 1cm and 5cm in diameter, with ill-defined margins, acoustic shadowing, and no Doppler signal (50%), and c) at MRI: enhancement after the administration of contrast media (66%). The most common histologic finding was lymphocytic @entity1271 in the initial stages (83%). All @entity1 underwent surgical treatment (100%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is an uncommon disease that should be included in the differential diagnosis with @entity0 in @entity6 @entity1 . The diagnosis is complex because it requires knowledge of the @entity1 's history, clinical presentation, and the imaging and histologic findings, Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice because the condition does not respond to medical treatment.

title: [ XXXX : clinical presentation, imaging and histologic findings, and treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic mastopathy', 'diabetic', 'complication of longstanding diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetic mastopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic mastopathy']


abstract: In the present work the degradation of @entity1815 (E1) a natural estrogenic hormone has been studied under simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation of E1 has been investigated in the absence and in the presence of 7.7-8.9 mg L(-1) of dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ), under solar light simulation with irradiance approximating that of the sun. @entity4420 extracts from different origins have been used. Half-lives ranging between 3.9 h and 7.9 h were observed. Results indicated that E1 was photodegraded even in the absence of @entity4420 . The presence of @entity4420 was found to enhance the degradation of E1. Experiments performed with the addition of reactive species scavengers ( @entity2769 ions and @entity5723 ) have shown that these two species play a significant role in the photodegradation. Some experiments have been performed with a @entity4420 previously submitted to solar irradiation. Changes in optical and physico-chemical properties of @entity4420 strongly affect its photoinductive properties, and hence its efficiency on E1 degradation. A part of the study consisted in the investigation of photoproducts structures. Five photoproducts were shown by chromatographic analysis: one arising from direct photolysis and the four others from @entity4420 photoinduced degradation.

title: Photodegradation of XXXX enhanced by dissolved organic matter under simulated sunlight.

answer: @entity1815 :: (MESH:D004970,Chemical) :: ['estrone']


abstract: We present a system for random mutagenesis in @entity526 for the evolution of targeted genes. To increase error rates of DNA polymerase I (Pol I) replication, we introduced point mutations in three structural domains that govern Pol I fidelity. Expression of error-prone Pol I in vivo results in strong mutagenesis of a target sequence encoded in a Pol I-dependent plasmid (8.1 x 10-4 mutations per bp, an 80,000-fold increase), with a preference for plasmid relative to chromosome sequence. Mutagenesis is maximal in cultures maintained at stationary phase. Mutations are evenly distributed and show a variety of base pair substitutions, predominantly transitions. Mutagenesis extends at least 3 kb beyond the 400-500 nt reportedly synthesized by Pol I. We demonstrate that our error-prone Pol I can be used to generate enzymes with distinct properties by generating @entity49390 mutants able to hydrolyze a third-generation lactam antibiotic, @entity5646 . Three different mutations contribute to @entity5646 resistance. Two are found in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases most frequently identified in clinical isolates, and the third ( @entity72712 ) has not been previously described. Our system of targeted mutagenesis in @entity526 should have an impact on enzyme-based applications in areas such as synthetic chemistry, gene therapy, and molecular biology. Given the structural conservation between polymerases, this work should also provide a reference for altering the fidelity of other polymerases.

title: Targeted gene evolution in XXXX using a highly error-prone DNA polymerase I.

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Neurolipidoses may present as @entity146 or @entity303 which may be isolated for a long time without neurological manifestations. Thus the relation with a @entity209 may be difficult to establish. In this survey, we wish to present our clinical and biological experience in relation with @entity16440 giving rise to neurolipidoses, a review of the literature, as well as the elements which allow to present a diagnostic strategy. We report mainly on @entity8431 , @entity10707 , @entity2314 , @entity1687 , @entity12030 , @entity8019 , @entity4741 . Psychiatric symptoms may overshadow subtle signs of @entity73 . Careful and persistent neurodiagnostic evaluation must be performed even in cases when CT and MRI scans are considered normal. Resistance to psychotropic drugs may be an element of orientation. The biological diagnosis is mainly biochemical. Although most of the genes involved have been cloned, many of the mutations are private, except for @entity8431 for which specific mutations may be related to adult cases and either with predominantly motor or predominantly cognitive and @entity146 manifestations. This review discusses also other @entity209 which may present as isolated or predominant cognitive and @entity146 manifestations.

title: [Presenting XXXX in adult neurolipidoses].

entities_list: @entity16440 :: ('MESH:D018901', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal or peroxisomal disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity10707 :: ('MESH:D020143', 'Disease') :: ['GM2 gangliosidosis']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick type C']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['metachromatic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ["Fabry's disease"]

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['Kufs disease']

entities_list: @entity4741 :: ('MESH:D014973', 'Disease') :: ['cerebro-tendinous xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['psychiatric and cognitive disorders']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity2724 ( @entity2724 ) by assessing the physiologic activations associated with @entity10522 ( @entity10522 ). DESIGN: Sleep and heart rate (HR) were recorded during 1 night of polysomnography. SETTING: Data were collected at the @entity25 Center, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Canada. @entity1 : Data from 14 @entity1 with @entity2724 (6 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 , mean age: 52.5    11.9 years) were compared with data from 14 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Analyses included sleep stages, @entity10522 , microarousals, RR intervals converted into beats per minute on segments lasting 25 heartbeats (10 RR intervals before @entity10522 and 15 after), and cardiac-activation amplitudes. A Group-by-Heartbeat interaction was noted for @entity10522 without microarousals; the @entity1 had a @entity591 of lower amplitude and a delayed and lower-amplitude @entity1168 , compared with normal control subjects. Similar significant HR modifications were observed for @entity10522 with microarousals between @entity1 with @entity2724 and control subjects. @entity1 with @entity2724 had a reduced magnitude of cardiac activation associated with @entity10522 with and without microarousals, as compared with control subjects. A negative correlation was noted between cardiac-activation amplitude and age in @entity1 with @entity2724 , but no correlation with @entity10522 index was found in either @entity1 with @entity2724 or control subjects. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the amplitude of @entity10522 -related HR responses in both @entity591 and @entity1168 was found in @entity1 with @entity2724 . These findings favor the physiologic relevance of the action of @entity18206 on autonomic function that may be of clinical significance, i.e., increasing the risk of @entity65 .

title: Autonomic response to periodic leg movements during sleep in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['periodic limb movements during sleep', 'PLMS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['NC', 'narcolepsy-cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity18206 :: ('MESH:C110857', 'Chemical') :: ['hypocretin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep Disorders']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcolepsy-cataplexy']


abstract: Laparoscopy has emerged as a useful tool in the surgical treatment of diseases of the colon and rectum. Specifically, in the application of @entity694 , a laparoscopic-assisted approach offers short-term benefits to @entity1 while maintaining a long-term oncologic outcome. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery may help decrease operative times while preserving the benefits of laparoscopy. The literature on the use of laparoscopy for @entity5 is still in its early stages. Limited data suggest short-term benefits without compromising oncologic outcome; however, data from large multicenter trials will clarify the role of laparoscopy in the treatment of @entity5 . Robotic proctectomy is a novel technique that may offer considerable advantage and overcome some limitations laparoscopy creates while working in the confines of the pelvis. The improved magnification and visualization offered with the robot may also assist in preserving bladder and sexual function. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for the treatment of T1 @entity5 with low-risk features appears to be safe. However, TEM has a significantly higher recurrence rate when used to treat @entity3 . Endoluminal techniques and equipment are under development and could offer more minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of @entity694 . Credentialing and training of surgeons and teams involved in the use of laparoscopy is important prior to making these techniques ubiquitous.

title: Laparoscopy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1005 is one of few diagnoses to be defined by its aetiology. At treatment centres specialising in a certain type of @entity130 , like war, torture or @entity458 , the aetiology may be regarded as self-explanatory. Recent surveys of general populations reveal high rates of @entity1005 , often following exposure to multiple traumatic events. @entity130 are frequently overlooked in general @entity146 settings and @entity1005 is underestimated. Such findings indicate the need to conceptualise @entity130 in terms of multiple events and to examine the aetiology of @entity1005 amongst @entity1 in everyday @entity146 practice. The present study examines aetiological factors of @entity1005 in three minority groups at a general @entity146 outpatient clinic. Arabs, Iranians and Turks selected from an entire year's cohort of @entity1 -and a sample of Swedish @entity1 of similar age and gender distribution. METHODS: Histories were collected from 115 @entity1 , both regarding their own @entity130 and @entity130 involving relatives and close friends, by means of a questionnaire. A self-rating instrument for @entity1005 , with no reference to a specific @entity130 , was used in order to study the relationship between @entity130 and @entity1005 outcome. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 89% had experienced at least one @entity130 , and 77% multiple traumatic events. The prevalence of probable @entity1005 varied between ethnic groups: Iranians 69%, Arabs 59%, Turks 53% and Swedes 29%. In a logistic regression analysis, probable @entity1005 outcome was associated with multiplicity of relatives' @entity130 (OR = 3.14), multiplicity of own @entity130 (OR = 2.56) and belonging to an ethnic minority (OR = 2.44), but not with gender. No @entity1 without a @entity130 history was positively assessed for probable @entity1005 . CONCLUSION: The symptomatic syndrome of probable @entity1005 does not appear in the absence of extreme @entity130 , lending empirical support to the definition of @entity1005 . Prevalence increases with multiplicity of @entity130 , including those involving a relative or close friend. The high prevalence of probable @entity1005 found in this study warrants screening for @entity130 among @entity1 , their relatives and close friends, in outpatient psychiatry.

title: The aetiology of XXXX in four ethnic groups in outpatient psychiatry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumas', 'traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a viable therapy for @entity1 with @entity454 and is being increasingly performed worldwide. The incidence of @entity2 after lung transplantation has increased concomitantly, although data are still sparse. METHODS: The computerized medical records of the Pulmonary Institute of a tertiary care medical center were searched for @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation from 1997 to 2009 and acquired @entity2 postoperatively. The prevalence, potential contributing factors, and outcome of @entity5 were determined, and the medical literature was reviewed. RESULTS: @entity5 developed in 7 of the 290 lung transplant recipients (2.4%). All had received a single lung transplant and in most cases, the @entity5 developed in the native lung. These findings were similar to reports in the literature. The indication for transplantation was @entity1030 or @entity2416 / @entity401 . All had a history of smoking. The average interval from transplantation to development of @entity2 was 5 years (range 1-9). Five @entity1 had stage 4 @entity5 at diagnosis and 2 had stage 1. Six @entity1 died from 10 days to 1 year after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Lung transplantation is associated with a relatively high prevalence of @entity5 , particularly in the native lung, in @entity1 with primary @entity1030 / @entity2416 , and a history of smoking. The @entity5 is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor outcome. Efforts to improve screening are recommended, as aggressive management and treatment may be beneficial for earlier stage disease.

title: XXXX in lung transplant recipients: experience of a tertiary hospital and literature review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchogenic cancer', 'bronchogenic cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage lung disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a prospective study initiated in 1982, we have been investigating the question as to whether - and if so, which - @entity2558 @entity189 of the colorectum can be treated exclusively via the endoscope. METHOD: In the period between February 1, 1982 and April 30, 2001, a total of 5,470 @entity1127 were removed endoscopically at the Medical Department I of the Klinikum Ludwigsburg. Among these lesions, a total of 144 (2.6 %) @entity2558 @entity189 were found in 141 @entity1 . We were able to follow 120 @entity1 with 123 @entity2558 @entity189 over a mean follow-up period of 46 months (range: 1-60). In low-risk situations (definitive removal in healthy tissue, G1-G2, no lymphatic involvement), endoscopic treatment alone usually represented sufficient treatment. In high-risk cases (removal in healthy tissue uncertain or negative, and/or lymphatic vessel involvement, and/or G3/G4), subsequent surgical resection was carried out. RESULTS: 64 cases were classified as high-risk, 59 as low-risk. Nevertheless, 9 @entity1 with 10 @entity189 were submitted to surgery (young age, @entity1 's own request). In none of these 10 cases was @entity5 or lymph node @entity3 detected in the surgical specimen. 47 @entity1 with 49 @entity189 were treated solely by endoscopic polypectomy using the diathermy snare, and 45 @entity1 with 47 @entity189 remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. In a single case, a local recurrence was detected 2 months after polypectomy and underwent curative resection. In another case, peritoneal carcinosis with @entity5 infiltrating into the colon developed 8 months after initial treatment; this, however, was most probably a recurrence of a previously operated @entity189 . Among the high-risk cases, 10 were not submitted to surgery on account of advanced age and/or rejection of an operation by the @entity1 ; all remained recurrence-free. Among the surgically treated high-risk @entity189 , 3 surgical specimens contained @entity5 , while 2 revealed a lymph node @entity3 . In our group of @entity1 , no @entity5 -related mortality was seen among endoscopically treated @entity1 . DISCUSSION: In the light of the fact that the reported mortality rate associated with open surgery for @entity14 is 3 % as compared with about 1 % risk of lymph node @entity3 and 0,1 % mortality rate for the endoscopic modality, endoscopic removal of a @entity2558 @entity5 in a low-risk situation followed by appropriate surveillance can be considered as adequate treatment.

title: [Endoscopic Therapy of Early XXXX ( @entity2558 ) - A Prospective Study].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['low-risk carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a prospective study initiated in 1982, we have been investigating the question as to whether - and if so, which - @entity2558 @entity189 of the colorectum can be treated exclusively via the endoscope. METHOD: In the period between February 1, 1982 and April 30, 2001, a total of 5,470 @entity1127 were removed endoscopically at the Medical Department I of the Klinikum Ludwigsburg. Among these lesions, a total of 144 (2.6 %) @entity2558 @entity189 were found in 141 @entity1 . We were able to follow 120 @entity1 with 123 @entity2558 @entity189 over a mean follow-up period of 46 months (range: 1-60). In low-risk situations (definitive removal in healthy tissue, G1-G2, no lymphatic involvement), endoscopic treatment alone usually represented sufficient treatment. In high-risk cases (removal in healthy tissue uncertain or negative, and/or lymphatic vessel involvement, and/or G3/G4), subsequent surgical resection was carried out. RESULTS: 64 cases were classified as high-risk, 59 as low-risk. Nevertheless, 9 @entity1 with 10 @entity189 were submitted to surgery (young age, @entity1 's own request). In none of these 10 cases was @entity5 or lymph node @entity3 detected in the surgical specimen. 47 @entity1 with 49 @entity189 were treated solely by endoscopic polypectomy using the diathermy snare, and 45 @entity1 with 47 @entity189 remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. In a single case, a local recurrence was detected 2 months after polypectomy and underwent curative resection. In another case, peritoneal carcinosis with @entity5 infiltrating into the colon developed 8 months after initial treatment; this, however, was most probably a recurrence of a previously operated @entity189 . Among the high-risk cases, 10 were not submitted to surgery on account of advanced age and/or rejection of an operation by the @entity1 ; all remained recurrence-free. Among the surgically treated high-risk @entity189 , 3 surgical specimens contained @entity5 , while 2 revealed a lymph node @entity3 . In our group of @entity1 , no @entity5 -related mortality was seen among endoscopically treated @entity1 . DISCUSSION: In the light of the fact that the reported mortality rate associated with open surgery for @entity14 is 3 % as compared with about 1 % risk of lymph node @entity3 and 0,1 % mortality rate for the endoscopic modality, endoscopic removal of a @entity2558 @entity5 in a low-risk situation followed by appropriate surveillance can be considered as adequate treatment.

title: [Endoscopic Therapy of Early @entity14 ( XXXX ) - A Prospective Study].

answer: @entity2558 :: (58492,Gene) :: ['pT1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) combining iliac artery stenting and open common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) with open aortoiliac and femoral reconstruction (OR) in @entity1 with extensive iliac and common @entity432 (IFOD). METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, 92 @entity1 (164 limbs) underwent OR and 70 (84 limbs) underwent @entity8625 . All @entity1 underwent concomitant CFE. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity, long-term patency, procedurally related limb salvage, and overall survival were analyzed after stratification by iliac TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC) classification into TASC A/B and TASC C/D. RESULTS: @entity8625 @entity1 were older for both TASC groups (A/B, P = .02; C/D, P = .01) and had higher Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) cardiac comorbidity scores (A/B, P = .01; C/D, P < .001) compared with OR. Technical success was >= 99% in both groups. An increase in the ankle-brachial index after the procedure was significantly higher in OR @entity1 (0.49    0.28) with TASC A/B lesions than @entity8625 (0.22    0.18, P = .031). Hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay were 3.9 days for @entity8625 @entity1 in TASC C/D vs 9.4 days for OR @entity1 (P = .005). Comparing @entity8625 and OR, 30-day morbidity (3% vs 5%, P = .55) and mortality (1.1% vs 1.4%, P = .85) were equivalent. Primary patency of @entity8625 vs OR at 3 years was similar (91% vs 97%, P = .29) and was maintained after stratification by TASC A/B (89% vs 100%, P = .38) and TASC C/D (95% vs 97%, P = .54). Multivariate analysis for patency indicated that major tissue loss (Rutherford class 6) at presentation in the @entity8625 group was predictive of decreased long-term patency (P = .02). Limb salvage at 3 years was 100% in both groups. Overall survival was 74% for OR vs 40% for @entity8625 (P = .007). CONCLUSION: IFOD can be treated using @entity8625 with similar early and long-term efficacy vs OR. @entity8625 @entity1 with TASC C/D lesions experienced a shorter ICU and hospital stay than OR @entity1 . @entity8625 should be considered for all @entity1 with IFOD regardless the severity of TASC classification, particularly in those with high surgical risk. When deciding between @entity8625 and OR, one must consider that major tissue loss at presentation is a negative predictor of long-term patency in @entity1 undergoing @entity8625 .

title: Iliac artery stenting combined with open femoral endarterectomy is as effective as open surgical reconstruction for severe iliac and common XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['hybrid repair', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['femoral occlusive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['femoral occlusive disease']


abstract: We have previously identified several @entity14 ( @entity14 )-associated polymorphisms using genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. We sought to fine-map the location of the functional variants for three of these regions at 8q23.3 ( @entity36199 ), 16q22.1 ( @entity5962 / @entity19936 ) and 19q13.11 ( @entity72713 ). We genotyped two case-control sets at high density in the selected regions and used existing data from four other case-control sets, comprising a total of 9328 @entity14 cases and 10 480 controls. To improve marker density, we imputed genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project and Hapmap3 data sets. All three regions contained smaller areas in which a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed clearly stronger association signals than surrounding SNPs, allowing us to assign those areas as the most likely location of the disease-associated functional variant. Further fine-mapping within those areas was generally unhelpful in identifying the functional variation based on strengths of association. However, functional annotation suggested a relatively small number of functional SNPs, including some with potential regulatory function at 8q23.3 and 16q22.1 and a non-synonymous SNP in RPHN2. Interestingly, the expression quantitative trait locus browser showed a number of highly associated SNP alleles correlated with mRNA expression levels not of @entity36199 and @entity5962 or @entity19936 , but of @entity72714 and @entity53119 , respectively. In contrast, none of the top SNPs within these regions was associated with transcript levels at @entity36199 , @entity5962 or @entity19936 . Our post-GWA study highlights benefits of fine-mapping of common disease variants in combination with publicly available data sets. In addition, caution should be exercised when assigning functionality to candidate genes in regions discovered through GWA analysis.

title: Fine-mapping of XXXX susceptibility loci at 8q23.3, 16q22.1 and 19q13.11: refinement of association signals and use of in silico analysis to suggest functional variation and unexpected candidate target genes.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The early transcriptional defense responses and reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) cell suspension culture (ACSC), containing functional chloroplasts, were examined at @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ). The transcriptional analysis revealed that most of the ROS markers identified among the 449 transcripts with significant differential expression were transcripts specifically up-regulated by singlet @entity26 ( @entity2767 ). On the contrary, minimal correlation was established with transcripts specifically up-regulated by @entity224 radical or @entity273 . The transcriptional analysis was supported by fluorescence microscopy experiments. The incubation of ACSC with the @entity2767 sensor green reagent and @entity21184 showed that the 30-min- @entity3917 -treated cultures emitted fluorescence that corresponded with the production of @entity2767 but not of @entity273 . Furthermore, the in vivo photodamage of the D1 protein of photosystem II indicated that the photogeneration of @entity2767 took place within the photosystem II reaction center. Functional enrichment analyses identified transcripts that are key components of the ROS signaling transduction pathway in plants as well as others encoding transcription factors that regulate both ROS scavenging and water deficit stress. A meta-analysis examining the transcriptional profiles of mutants and hormone treatments in @entity958 showed a high correlation between ACSC at @entity3917 and the fluorescent mutant family of @entity958 , a producer of @entity2767 in plastids. Intriguingly, a high correlation was also observed with ABA deficient1 and more axillary growth4, two mutants with defects in the biosynthesis pathways of two key (apo)carotenoid-derived plant hormones (i.e. @entity2271 and @entity30861 , respectively). ACSC has proven to be a valuable system for studying early transcriptional responses to @entity3917 stress.

title: Early transcriptional defense responses in XXXX cell suspension culture under high-light conditions.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity30861 :: ('CHEBI:68487', 'Chemical') :: ['strigolactones']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity21184 :: ('MESH:C029569', 'Chemical') :: ["2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate"]

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The multicellular nature of plants requires that cells should communicate in order to coordinate essential functions. This is achieved in part by molecular flux through pores in the cell wall, called plasmodesmata. We describe the proteomic analysis of plasmodesmata purified from the walls of @entity958 suspension cells. Isolated plasmodesmata were seen as membrane-rich structures largely devoid of immunoreactive markers for the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic components. Using nano-liquid chromatography and an Orbitrap ion-trap tandem mass spectrometer, 1341 proteins were identified. We refer to this list as the plasmodesmata- or @entity1726 . Relative to other cell wall proteomes, the @entity1726 is depleted in wall proteins and enriched for membrane proteins, but still has a significant number (35%) of putative cytoplasmic contaminants, probably reflecting the sensitivity of the proteomic detection system. To validate the @entity1726 we searched for known plasmodesmal proteins and used molecular and cell biological techniques to identify novel putative plasmodesmal proteins from a small subset of candidates. The @entity1726 contained known plasmodesmal proteins and some inferred plasmodesmal proteins, based upon sequence or functional homology with examples identified in different plant systems. Many of these had a membrane association reflecting the membranous nature of isolated structures. Exploiting this connection we analysed a sample of the abundant receptor-like class of membrane proteins and a small random selection of other membrane proteins for their ability to target plasmodesmata as fluorescently-tagged fusion proteins. From 15 candidates we identified three receptor-like kinases, a tetraspanin and a protein of unknown function as novel potential plasmodesmal proteins. Together with published work, these data suggest that the membranous elements in plasmodesmata may be rich in receptor-like functions, and they validate the content of the @entity1726 as a valuable resource for the further uncovering of the structure and function of plasmodesmata as key components in cell-to-cell communication in plants.

title: XXXX plasmodesmal proteome.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity272 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity39 and predominantly @entity1909 , @entity3136 , and @entity32269 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity5644 Schiff and Gomori's @entity1332 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity14621 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity66 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of XXXX and @entity3136 in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

entities_list: @entity14621 :: ('29908', 'Species') :: ['Sporothrix schenckii']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin, eye, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity32269 :: ('MESH:C535922', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['fungal dermatitis']


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity272 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity39 and predominantly @entity1909 , @entity3136 , and @entity32269 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity5644 Schiff and Gomori's @entity1332 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity14621 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity66 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of @entity1909 and XXXX in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['stomatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a single dose of @entity1339 , administered when the adductor pollicis muscle presents 2 twitches in @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulation, can reduce the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity1 AND METHODS: We designed a case-control study of @entity1 between 18 and 65 years of age classified ASA 1-2. We used 2 accelerometers--1 for the cubital nerve/thumb adductor muscle and 1 for the facial nerve/corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity4094 was induced with 0.6 mg x kg(-1) of @entity2898 , and 40 microg x kg(-1) of @entity1339 was administered at the third twitch in the @entity3370 in the thumb adductor. If the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii fell by 10% or more at that time, the @entity1 was classified as a case. We recorded the age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, duration of the procedure, and @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle when the @entity1339 was administered. RESULTS: Ten cases and 10 controls were enrolled. No significant differences between cases and controls were found in any variables except the mean (SD) @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle: 70.9% (17.8%) in cases and 35.3% (7.8%) in controls (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 , administration of @entity1339 after the appearance of the third twitch in @entity3370 stimulation of the thumb adductor was associated with a reduction in the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii. The similarity between blockades of the corrugator muscle, the diaphragm, and the larynx is of clinical interest.

title: [ XXXX -induced @entity4094 in the corrugator supercilii muscle].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

answer: @entity1339 :: (MESH:D009388,Chemical) :: ['Neostigmine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a single dose of @entity1339 , administered when the adductor pollicis muscle presents 2 twitches in @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulation, can reduce the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity1 AND METHODS: We designed a case-control study of @entity1 between 18 and 65 years of age classified ASA 1-2. We used 2 accelerometers--1 for the cubital nerve/thumb adductor muscle and 1 for the facial nerve/corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity4094 was induced with 0.6 mg x kg(-1) of @entity2898 , and 40 microg x kg(-1) of @entity1339 was administered at the third twitch in the @entity3370 in the thumb adductor. If the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii fell by 10% or more at that time, the @entity1 was classified as a case. We recorded the age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, duration of the procedure, and @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle when the @entity1339 was administered. RESULTS: Ten cases and 10 controls were enrolled. No significant differences between cases and controls were found in any variables except the mean (SD) @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle: 70.9% (17.8%) in cases and 35.3% (7.8%) in controls (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 , administration of @entity1339 after the appearance of the third twitch in @entity3370 stimulation of the thumb adductor was associated with a reduction in the @entity3370 ratio in the corrugator supercilii. The similarity between blockades of the corrugator muscle, the diaphragm, and the larynx is of clinical interest.

title: [ @entity1339 -induced XXXX in the corrugator supercilii muscle].

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular blockade']


abstract: Tight control of blood @entity413 is the most important strategy for the treatment of @entity6 . Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Welsh onion on fasting and postprandial @entity4854 . Inhibitory activities of hot water extracts from the green stalk and white bulb, which are the edible portions of the Welsh onion, and the fibrous root extract against @entity375 a-glucosidase were measured in vitro. To study the effects of Welsh onion on postprandial @entity4854 , a starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) or @entity11669 (50 mg/kg) was administered to @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma @entity413 levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the hypoglycemic effects of chronic feeding of Welsh onion, five-week-old db/db @entity19 were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing either Welsh onion fibrous root extract at 0.5% or @entity11669 at 0.05% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting plasma @entity413 and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Compared to the extract from the edible portions of Welsh onion, the fibrous root extract showed stronger inhibition against @entity375 a-glucosidase, with an IC(50) of 239   g/mL. Oral administration of Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) and @entity11669 (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental plasma @entity413 levels 30-120 min after oral ingestion of starch as well as the area under the postprandial @entity413 response curve, compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma @entity413 and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the Welsh onion group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and were not significantly different from those fed @entity11669 . Thus, we conclude that the fibrous root of Welsh onion is effective in controlling @entity4854 in animal models of @entity6 .

title: Hypoglycemic effects of Welsh onion in an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 had chronic low back and leg @entity158 for four years without any history of @entity130 or neurological manifestations. There was a reduction in symptoms after a lumbar epidural block. Two hours later after the procedure, the @entity1 complained of perineal @entity1183 and @entity425 . The neurological evaluation revealed @entity1109 in the saddle area and the posterior aspect of the leg. The deep-tendon reflexes were decreased in the leg. The @entity1 was unable to urinate. The MRI revealed a @entity808 at the S3 level of the sacral spine with cauda equina compression. The @entity1 's symptoms improved slightly over the next few hours. The @entity1 had a gradual return of motor function and could feel the Foley catheter. All of the symptoms completely resolved over the next nine hours and the @entity1 was discharged to home once completely recovered. This case illustrates the importance of clinical examination and continued vigilance for evaluation of @entity16 after epidural injections.

title: Transient cauda equina syndrome related to a XXXX with cauda equine compression after a lumbar epidural block -A case report-.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of sensation']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity weakness']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['sacral schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EORTC has launched a phase II trial to assess safety and efficacy of SBRT for centrally located NSCLC: The EORTC 22113-08113-Lungtech trial. Due to neighbouring critical structures, these @entity5 remain challenging to treat. To guarantee accordance to protocol and treatment safety, an RTQA procedure has been implemented within the frame of the EORTC RTQA levels. These levels are here expanded to include innovative tools beyond protocol compliance verification: the actual dose delivered to each @entity1 will be estimated and linked to trial outcomes to enable better understanding of dose related response and @entity137 . METHOD: For trial participation, institutions must provide a completed facility questionnaire and beam output audit results. To insure ability to comply with protocol specifications a benchmark case is sent to all centres. After approval, institutions are allowed to recruit @entity1 . Nonetheless, each treatment plan will be prospectively reviewed insuring trial compliance consistency over time. As new features, @entity1 's CBCT images and applied positioning corrections will be saved for dose recalculation on @entity1 's daily geometry. To assess RTQA along the treatment chain, institutions will be visited once during the time of the trial. Over the course of this visit, end-to-end tests will be performed using the 008ACIRS-breathing platform with two separate bodies. The first body carries EBT3 films and an ionization chamber. The other body newly developed for PET- CT evaluation is fillable with a solution of high activity. 3D or 4D PET-CT and 4D-CT scanning techniques will be evaluated to assess the impact of motion artefacts on target volume accuracy. Finally, a dosimetric evaluation in static and dynamic conditions will be performed. DISCUSSION: Previous data on mediastinal @entity137 are scarce and source of cautiousness for setting-up SBRT treatments for centrally located NSCLC. Thanks to the combination of documented @entity1 related outcomes and CBCT based dose recalculation we expect to provide improved models for dose response and dose related @entity137 . CONCLUSION: We have developed a comprehensive RTQA model for trials involving modern radiotherapy. These procedures could also serve as examples of extended RTQA for future radiotherapy trials involving quantitative use of PET and @entity5 motion.

title: Lungtech, a phase II EORTC trial of SBRT for centrally located XXXX - a clinical physics perspective.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['lung tumours']


abstract: @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity2172 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity2172 (rAOM) and chronic @entity2172 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity19 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity2172 with similar phenotypes to @entity1 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity22213 and @entity39591 ) that interact with the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity11280 (SMAD) genes of the @entity2533 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity39591 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity2172 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity2172 . The @entity39591 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity22213 variants. Family-based associations at @entity2536 (P=0.038) and @entity1594 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity39591 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity2172 .

title: XXXX , a regulator of the @entity2533 pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media', 'OM', 'middle ear inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor b', 'TGFb']

answer: @entity39591 :: (80204,Gene) :: ['FBXO11']


abstract: @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity2172 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity2172 (rAOM) and chronic @entity2172 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity19 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity2172 with similar phenotypes to @entity1 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity22213 and @entity39591 ) that interact with the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity11280 (SMAD) genes of the @entity2533 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity39591 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity2172 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity2172 . The @entity39591 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity22213 variants. Family-based associations at @entity2536 (P=0.038) and @entity1594 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity39591 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity2172 .

title: @entity39591 , a regulator of the XXXX pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian @entity1 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGFb']