abstract: In the current study, we investigated the nature and role of @entity3844 variant isoforms involved in endothelial cell (EC) @entity5 cell @entity137 mediated by @entity2047 -activated killer (LAK) cells. Treatment of @entity3844 wild-type lymphocytes with @entity2047 led to increased gene expression of @entity3844 v6 and v7 variant isoforms and to significant induction of @entity455 ( @entity455 ). CD44v6-v7 knockout (KO) and CD44v7 KO @entity19 showed markedly reduced levels of @entity2047 -induced @entity455 . The decreased @entity455 in CD44v6-v7 KO and CD44v7 KO @entity19 did not result from differential activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, NK, and NK-T cells or from altered degree of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs. LAK cells from CD44v7 KO @entity19 showed a significant decrease in their ability to adhere to and mediate lysis of EC but not lysis of @entity19 @entity5 cells in vitro. CD44v7-mediated lysis of EC by LAK cells was dependent on the activity of @entity4357 3-kinase and @entity669 kinases. Interestingly, @entity2047 -activated LAK cells expressing @entity3844 hi but not @entity3844 lo were responsible for EC lysis. Furthermore, lysis of EC targets could be blocked by addition of soluble or enzymatic cleavage of CD44v6-v7-binding glycosaminoglycans. Finally, anti-CD44v7 mAbs caused a significant reduction in the adherence to and killing of EC and led to suppression of @entity2047 -induced @entity455 . Together, this study suggests that the expression of CD44v7 on LAK cells plays a specific role in EC injury and that it may be possible to reduce EC injury but not @entity5 cell killing by specifically targeting CD44v7.

title: Targeted deletion of CD44v7 exon leads to decreased endothelial cell injury but not XXXX cell killing mediated by @entity2047 -activated cytolytic lymphocytes.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( @entity2843 ) is a natural protease inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent studies revealed a novel function of @entity2843 as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in @entity1 cells. However, the mechanisms by which @entity2843 exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are not understood. Here we show that @entity2843 activates cell survival signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase, @entity4357 3-kinase, and ERKs in @entity1 breast epithelial cells to @entity2843 . @entity2843 -activated cell survival signaling down-regulates caspase-mediated classical apoptotic pathways induced by a variety of stimuli including anoikis, @entity866 exposure, and growth factor withdrawal. Consistently, down-regulation of @entity2843 expression greatly enhances apoptotic cell death. In a previous study, substitution of the second @entity535 residue @entity1889 for @entity2228 in @entity2843 , which confers selective MMP inhibition, was shown to obliterate its anti-apoptotic activity in activated hepatic stellate cells suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity of @entity2843 is dependent on MMP inhibition. Here we show that the same mutant inhibits apoptosis of @entity1 breast epithelial cells, suggesting different mechanisms of @entity2843 regulation of apoptosis depending on cell types. Neither @entity1552 nor a synthetic MMP inhibitor protects breast epithelial cells from intrinsic apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, @entity2843 enhances cell survival in the presence of the synthetic MMP inhibitor. Taken together, the present study unveils some of the mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of @entity2843 in @entity1 breast epithelial cells through @entity2843 -specific signal transduction pathways.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protects @entity1 breast epithelial cells against intrinsic apoptotic cell death via the focal adhesion kinase/ XXXX 3-kinase and MAPK signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( @entity2843 ) is a natural protease inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent studies revealed a novel function of @entity2843 as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in @entity1 cells. However, the mechanisms by which @entity2843 exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are not understood. Here we show that @entity2843 activates cell survival signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase, @entity4357 3-kinase, and ERKs in @entity1 breast epithelial cells to @entity2843 . @entity2843 -activated cell survival signaling down-regulates caspase-mediated classical apoptotic pathways induced by a variety of stimuli including anoikis, @entity866 exposure, and growth factor withdrawal. Consistently, down-regulation of @entity2843 expression greatly enhances apoptotic cell death. In a previous study, substitution of the second @entity535 residue @entity1889 for @entity2228 in @entity2843 , which confers selective MMP inhibition, was shown to obliterate its anti-apoptotic activity in activated hepatic stellate cells suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity of @entity2843 is dependent on MMP inhibition. Here we show that the same mutant inhibits apoptosis of @entity1 breast epithelial cells, suggesting different mechanisms of @entity2843 regulation of apoptosis depending on cell types. Neither @entity1552 nor a synthetic MMP inhibitor protects breast epithelial cells from intrinsic apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, @entity2843 enhances cell survival in the presence of the synthetic MMP inhibitor. Taken together, the present study unveils some of the mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of @entity2843 in @entity1 breast epithelial cells through @entity2843 -specific signal transduction pathways.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protects XXXX breast epithelial cells against intrinsic apoptotic cell death via the focal adhesion kinase/ @entity4357 3-kinase and MAPK signaling pathway.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity925 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity925 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity158 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity158 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity158 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity158 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity158 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity1286 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min), @entity680 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity3652 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity158 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity1363 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity1286 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity680 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity3652 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity680 and @entity3652 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity158 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity680 and @entity3652 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity158 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity680 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity3652 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity3652 also reduced the size of the @entity158 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity158 was also lower when @entity3652 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity925 induced in @entity1 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity925 by @entity1286 , XXXX and @entity3652 in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['Alfentanil', 'alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'referred pain', 'pain', 'local pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'Muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity680 :: (MESH:D015760,Chemical) :: ['alfentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity925 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity925 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity158 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity158 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity158 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity158 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity158 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity1286 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min), @entity680 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity3652 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity158 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity1363 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity1286 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity680 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity3652 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity680 and @entity3652 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity158 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity680 and @entity3652 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity158 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity680 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity3652 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity3652 also reduced the size of the @entity158 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity158 was also lower when @entity3652 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity925 induced in @entity1 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic XXXX by @entity1286 , @entity680 and @entity3652 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['muscle pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity925 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity925 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity158 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity158 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity158 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity158 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity158 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity1286 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min), @entity680 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity3652 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity158 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity1363 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity1286 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity680 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity3652 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity680 and @entity3652 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity158 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity680 and @entity3652 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity158 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity680 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity3652 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity3652 also reduced the size of the @entity158 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity158 was also lower when @entity3652 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity925 induced in @entity1 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity925 by @entity1286 , @entity680 and XXXX in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity925 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity925 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity158 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity158 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity158 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity158 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity158 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity1286 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min), @entity680 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity3652 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity158 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity1363 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity1286 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity680 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity3652 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity680 and @entity3652 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity158 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity680 and @entity3652 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity158 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity680 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity3652 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity3652 also reduced the size of the @entity158 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity158 was also lower when @entity3652 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity925 induced in @entity1 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity925 by XXXX , @entity680 and @entity3652 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity22 often persists despite pharmacotherapy in @entity308 and represents an obstacle to its full remission. This study aimed to investigate the added value of brief behavioral therapy for @entity22 over treatment as usual ( @entity5624 ) for @entity308 and @entity22 . METHOD: Thirty-seven outpatients (mean age of 50.5 years) were randomly assigned to @entity5624 alone or @entity5624 plus brief behavioral therapy for @entity22 , consisting of 4 weekly 1-hour individual sessions. The @entity22 Severity Index (ISI) scores (primary outcome), sleep parameters, and GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) scores were assessed by blind raters and remission rates for both @entity308 were collected at 4- and 8-week follow-ups. The @entity1 were recruited from February 18, 2008, to April 9, 2009. RESULTS: Brief behavioral therapy for @entity22 plus @entity5624 resulted in significantly lower ISI scores than @entity5624 alone at 8 weeks (P < .0005). The sleep efficiency for the combination was also significantly better than that for @entity5624 alone (P = .015). Significant differences were observed in favor of the combination group on both the @entity348 (P = .013) and the GRID-HAMD scores after removing the 3 sleep items (P = .008). The combination treatment produced higher rates of remission than @entity5624 alone, both in terms of @entity22 (50% vs 0%), with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 2 (95% CI, 1-4), and in terms of @entity308 (50% vs 6%), with an NNT of 2 (95% CI, 1-5). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity308 and treatment @entity22 , adding brief behavioral therapy for @entity22 to usual clinical care produced statistically significant and clinically substantive added benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00610259.

title: Brief behavioral therapy for refractory XXXX : an assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia and depression', 'depression', 'residual depression']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total GRID-HAMD scores']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'refractory insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['insomnia in residual depression']


abstract: The pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) provides cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus (IC) and the @entity6324 ( @entity6324 ). PMT cells are often characterized as projecting to more than one target. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual PMT cholinergic cells, (1) innervate the auditory pathways bilaterally via collateral projections to left and right auditory thalamus; or, (2) innervate multiple levels of the auditory pathways via collateral projections to the auditory thalamus and inferior colliculus. We used multiple retrograde tracers to identify individual PMT cells that project to more than one target. We combined the retrograde tracer studies with immunohistochemistry for @entity1877 acetyltransferase to determine whether the projecting cells were cholinergic. We found that individual PMT cells send branching axonal projections to two or more auditory targets in the midbrain and thalamus. The collateral projection pattern that we observed most frequently was to the @entity717 . Cells projecting to both MGs were somewhat less common, followed by cells projecting to the contralateral IC and @entity717 . Both cholinergic and non-cholinergic cells contribute to each of these projection patterns. Less often, we found cells that project to one IC and both MGs; there was no evidence for non-cholinergic cells in this projection pattern. It is likely that collateral projections from PMT cells could have coordinated effects bilaterally and at multiple levels of the ascending auditory pathways.

title: Cholinergic cells in the tegmentum send branching projections to the inferior colliculus and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral IC and ipsilateral MG', 'ipsilateral MG']

entities_list: @entity6324 :: ('MESH:D016697', 'Disease') :: ['medial geniculate body', 'MG']

answer: @entity6324 :: (MESH:D016697,Disease) :: ['medial geniculate body']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity2348 (SBI) in @entity1 with @entity221 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 1-36 months with @entity221 and no identified source of @entity281 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity1851 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity1 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity293 , 4 @entity55 , 1 @entity693 and 1 @entity582 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity1851 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity1851 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity1851 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity1 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for XXXX in @entity1 with @entity221 without source.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity2348 (SBI) in @entity1 with @entity221 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 1-36 months with @entity221 and no identified source of @entity281 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity1851 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity1 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity293 , 4 @entity55 , 1 @entity693 and 1 @entity582 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity1851 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity1851 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity1851 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity1 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for @entity2348 in @entity1 with XXXX without source.

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity1904 (PCT), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity2348 (SBI) in @entity1 with @entity221 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 1-36 months with @entity221 and no identified source of @entity281 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity1851 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity1 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity293 , 4 @entity55 , 1 @entity693 and 1 @entity582 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity1851 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity1851 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity1851 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity1 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for @entity2348 in XXXX with @entity221 without source.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognosis of @entity12761 and disability. DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, AMED, PEDro, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to July 2009, limited to @entity1 studies. Reference lists of relevant systematic reviews were searched by hand. Search terms included: neck @entity158 , prognosis, inception, cohort, longitudinal, observational, or prospective study and randomized controlled trial. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies were longitudinal cohort studies and randomized controlled trials with a no treatment or minimal treatment arm that recruited an inception cohort of @entity12761 and reported @entity158 or disability outcomes. Eligibility was determined by 2 authors independently. Seven of 20,085 references were included. DATA EXTRACTION: @entity158 and disability data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Risk of bias was assessed independently by 2 authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: Statistical pooling showed a weighted mean @entity158 score (0-100) of 64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 61-67) at onset and 35 (95% CI, 32-38) at 6.5 weeks. At 12 months, neck @entity158 severity remained high at 42 (95% CI, 39-45). Disability reduced from a pooled weighted mean score (0-100) at onset of 30 (95% CI, 28-32) to 17 (95% CI, 15-19) by 6.5 weeks, without further improvement at 12 months. Studies varied in length of follow-up, design, and sample size. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides Level I evidence that the prognosis of @entity12761 is worse than currently recognized. This evidence can guide primary care clinicians when providing prognostic information to @entity1 . Further research to identify prognostic factors and long-term outcomes from inception cohorts would be valuable.

title: Prognosis of XXXX is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute idiopathic neck pain']

answer: @entity12761 :: (MESH:D059787,Disease) :: ['acute idiopathic neck pain']


abstract: GOAL: To assess the natural history of @entity356 (SETs) of  <=30 mm in size and to determine their optimal management. BACKGROUND: Definitive guidelines have not been formulated for the management of small gastric SETs, owing to a lack of knowledge of their natural history and insufficient long-term follow-up. STUDY: We retrospectively reviewed the upper endoscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasound results of 989 @entity5 diagnosed as gastric SETs of  <=30 mm in size between July 1997 and October 2008 with a minimal follow-up of 3 months. A gastric SET was defined as a mass covered with normal appearing mucosa on upper endoscopy and a @entity5 located in the second, third, or fourth layer on endoscopic ultrasound. RESULTS: Of the 989 SETs in 948 @entity1 , 84 (8.5%) showed significant changes in size, and/or echogenicity, and/or morphology at a median 24 months (range, 3 to 123 mo). Estimated growth rates differed significantly by initial size (<10 mm, 0.14 mm/mo; 10 to 20 mm, 0.22 mm/mo; 20 to 30 mm, 0.31 mm/mo; P=0.003). Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity5 showing changes in size and/or echogenicity underwent surgical/endoscopic resection; of these, 19 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity674 ( @entity674 ), of which 3 @entity1 were considered at high risk, 4 at intermediate risk, 10 at low risk, and 2 at very low risk. In a univariate analysis, @entity674 showed a significant change in @entity5 size during follow-up compared with other @entity5 (P=0.037). However, multivariate analysis did not show a statistical significance in size change between @entity674 and other @entity5 (hazard ratio 1.754; 95% CI, 0.575 to 5.291; P=0.326). CONCLUSIONS: Only 8.5% of gastric SETs of  <=30 mm in size showed significant changes at a median 24 months. SETs of 10 to 30 mm in size grew significantly more rapidly than SETs <10 mm.

title: Natural history of asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric subepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['small gastric subepithelial tumors']


abstract: Finding meaning in illness appears to give individuals purpose in life, which may motivate them to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Research to date has mainly used cross-sectional designs in the acute phase of recovery. This article describes a longitudinal exploratory study which explored @entity1 ' search for meaning in life across the first 5 years following @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Interviews were conducted between 2000 and 2007 on @entity1 with first @entity583 (n=70; mean=61.9 years; SD=12.1). The qualitative data underwent thematic analysis guided by the analysis framework of Burnard (1991). Finding meaning appeared to increase @entity1 ' awareness of their current holistic state of life, and to provide impetus for making lifestyle changes. In the immediate aftermath of @entity583 , @entity1 restructured and re-evaluated their attitudes towards self, life, religious beliefs and others. However, from the third year onwards, as time passed @entity1 lapsed in their behaviour, tending to become non-compliant with treatment and less aware or concerned about the risk of another @entity299 . Further education on the spiritual dimension in care may guide nurses and health professionals in order to promote @entity1 ' rehabilitation process and persevere with a long-term healthy lifestyle. Further longitudinal comparative research with mixed method approach on various groups of @entity1 is recommended to support these findings.

title: XXXX : a turning point in meaning in life over time.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal inserts releasing 0.2  g/day (low dose) or 0.5  g/day (high dose) @entity20773 (FA) in @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). DESIGN: Two parallel, prospective, randomized, sham injection-controlled, double-masked, multicenter clinical trials. @entity1 : Subjects with persistent @entity1103 despite at least 1 macular laser treatment were randomized 1:2:2 to sham injection (n = 185), low-dose insert (n = 375), or high-dose insert (n = 393). METHODS: Subjects received study drug or sham injection at baseline and after 6 weeks were eligible for rescue laser. Based on retreatment criteria, additional study drug or sham injections could be given after 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the percentage of @entity1 with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment @entity6 Trial (ETDRS) letter score of 15 or more at month 24. Secondary outcomes included other parameters of visual function and foveal thickness (FTH). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 with improvement from baseline ETDRS letter score of 15 or more at month 24 was 28.7 and 28.6 in the low- and high-dose insert groups, respectively, compared with 16.2 in the sham group (P = 0.002 for each). Benefit occurred for both doses compared with sham at 3 weeks and all subsequent time points. The mean improvement in BCVA letter score between baseline and month 24 was 4.4 and 5.4 in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively, compared with 1.7 in the sham group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.016). At all time points compared with sham, there was significantly more improvement in FTH. Subjects requiring @entity231 surgery were more frequent in the insert groups, and their visual benefit was similar to that of subjects who were pseudophakic at baseline. @entity726 requiring incisional surgery occurred in 3.7%, 7.6%, and 0.5% of the low-dose, high-dose, and sham groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both low- and high-dose FA inserts significantly improved BCVA in @entity1 with @entity1103 over 2 years, and the risk-to-benefit ratio was superior for the low-dose insert. This is the first pharmacologic treatment that can be administered by an outpatient injection to provide substantial benefit in @entity1 with @entity1103 for at least 2 years.

title: Long-term benefit of sustained-delivery @entity20773 vitreous inserts for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal inserts releasing 0.2  g/day (low dose) or 0.5  g/day (high dose) @entity20773 (FA) in @entity1 with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). DESIGN: Two parallel, prospective, randomized, sham injection-controlled, double-masked, multicenter clinical trials. @entity1 : Subjects with persistent @entity1103 despite at least 1 macular laser treatment were randomized 1:2:2 to sham injection (n = 185), low-dose insert (n = 375), or high-dose insert (n = 393). METHODS: Subjects received study drug or sham injection at baseline and after 6 weeks were eligible for rescue laser. Based on retreatment criteria, additional study drug or sham injections could be given after 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the percentage of @entity1 with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment @entity6 Trial (ETDRS) letter score of 15 or more at month 24. Secondary outcomes included other parameters of visual function and foveal thickness (FTH). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 with improvement from baseline ETDRS letter score of 15 or more at month 24 was 28.7 and 28.6 in the low- and high-dose insert groups, respectively, compared with 16.2 in the sham group (P = 0.002 for each). Benefit occurred for both doses compared with sham at 3 weeks and all subsequent time points. The mean improvement in BCVA letter score between baseline and month 24 was 4.4 and 5.4 in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively, compared with 1.7 in the sham group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.016). At all time points compared with sham, there was significantly more improvement in FTH. Subjects requiring @entity231 surgery were more frequent in the insert groups, and their visual benefit was similar to that of subjects who were pseudophakic at baseline. @entity726 requiring incisional surgery occurred in 3.7%, 7.6%, and 0.5% of the low-dose, high-dose, and sham groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both low- and high-dose FA inserts significantly improved BCVA in @entity1 with @entity1103 over 2 years, and the risk-to-benefit ratio was superior for the low-dose insert. This is the first pharmacologic treatment that can be administered by an outpatient injection to provide substantial benefit in @entity1 with @entity1103 for at least 2 years.

title: Long-term benefit of sustained-delivery XXXX vitreous inserts for @entity1103 .

answer: @entity20773 :: (MESH:D005446,Chemical) :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']


abstract: Going abroad is considered to be a risk for acute complications in @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). Our objective was to describe the risk in our cohort of adult @entity3458 @entity1 . Complications occurring during a trip were recorded from adults with @entity3458 seen at a routine visit in a referral centre and during hospitalizations for acute complications. One hundred and eight @entity1 participated; mean age=26.8 (   SD 7.3; range 18-56) years. Eighty-two @entity1 travelled in the previous year, half of them in Africa. Among @entity1 going to endemic areas, 68% of @entity1 received chemoprophylaxis against @entity311 . Health problems occurred in 53 (65%) travellers: @entity432 ( @entity432 ) (68%), fever (19%), @entity294 (19%), broncho-pulmonary symptoms (11%), @entity10 (8%), @entity391 (6%), and cutaneous wound (4%). Sixteen @entity1 required hospitalization; no specific infection was diagnosed. The prevalence of @entity432 during the trip was higher than the frequency of @entity432 during the year before. @entity1 who developed severe complications were not the most symptomatic @entity1 from @entity3458 . Our study showed that going abroad is associated with a large number of acute complications in adults with @entity3458 . Complications were mostly @entity432 , and severity was unpredictable. Prevention should be improved.

title: The risk of going abroad in XXXX : a study of 148 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vaso-occlusive crisis', 'VOC']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: @entity5385 for Fish   ( @entity5385 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity1 @entity12325 forms ( @entity4187 and @entity5322 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 . @entity5385 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity4187 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity4187 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity48243 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity4576 and @entity6373 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and XXXX enzymes in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 following @entity5385 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['Terramycin', 'oxytetracycline', 'Oxytetracycline']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['Nile tilapia']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A']


abstract: @entity5385 for Fish   ( @entity5385 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity1 @entity12325 forms ( @entity4187 and @entity5322 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 . @entity5385 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity4187 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity4187 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity48243 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity4576 and @entity6373 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 following XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity5385 :: (MESH:D010118,Chemical) :: ['oxytetracycline']


abstract: @entity5385 for Fish   ( @entity5385 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity1 @entity12325 forms ( @entity4187 and @entity5322 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 . @entity5385 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity4187 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity4187 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity48243 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity4576 and @entity6373 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes in hybrid XXXX , @entity4576 and @entity6373 following @entity5385 treatment.

answer: @entity48243 :: (34816,Species) :: ['striped bass']


abstract: @entity5385 for Fish   ( @entity5385 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity1 @entity12325 forms ( @entity4187 and @entity5322 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 . @entity5385 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity4187 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity4187 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity48243 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity4576 and @entity6373 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and XXXX following @entity5385 treatment.

answer: @entity6373 :: (8128,Species) :: ['Nile tilapia']


abstract: @entity5385 for Fish   ( @entity5385 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity1 @entity12325 forms ( @entity4187 and @entity5322 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity48243 , @entity4576 and @entity6373 . @entity5385 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity4187 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity4187 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity48243 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity4576 and @entity6373 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity5322 enzymes in hybrid @entity48243 , XXXX and @entity6373 following @entity5385 treatment.

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe crowding can be treated with serial extraction (SE) in the mixed dentition or with @entity2651 ( @entity2651 ) in the permanent dentition. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in SE @entity1 and @entity2651 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review identified 51 SE @entity1 and 49 @entity2651 @entity1 treated with fixed appliances. Number of appointments, length of time, and estimated total chair time were determined prior to the placement of fixed appliances and during fixed appliance treatment. Peer assessment rating (PAR) scores were obtained at T1 (start of fixed appliances) and T2 (removal of fixed appliances) for both groups, and at T0 (prior to extraction of the first premolars) for the SE group. RESULTS: The mean T1 PAR score for SE @entity1 was significantly lower than @entity2651 @entity1 (P  <0.001); mean T2 PAR scores were not significantly different (P  = 0.27). Active treatment time (T1 to T2) was significantly (P  <0.001) less for SE @entity1 than @entity2651 @entity1 . Total time (T0 to T2) and total number of appointments were significantly greater for the SE group compared with the LPEgroup (P  <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SE and LPEresulted in similar final occlusal outcomes. SEs might reduce active treatment time, but significant observation time precedes active treatment.

title: Efficiency of serial extraction and XXXX cases treated with fixed appliances.

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['late premolar extraction', 'LPE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2651 :: (MESH:D000848,Disease) :: ['late premolar extraction']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of a new aromatherapy intervention introduced within an acute @entity5 care setting in the UK. BACKGROUND: Aromatherapy is a popular complementary therapy within oncology settings and is known to help relieve @entity1 ' @entity148 . A new method of delivering aromatherapy to @entity1 was adopted by a complementary therapy service at a UK hospital; aromasticks are similar in design to the Vicks   Vapour Inhaler  , with the intention of helping @entity1 manage @entity148 , @entity390 and @entity25 . DESIGN: A retrospective service evaluation. METHOD: @entity1 referred to the complementary therapy service were, if appropriate, offered an aromastick. If the offer was accepted @entity1 ' details were captured on an evaluation form. One week later the @entity1 were followed up by a different therapist. Frequency of using the aromastick and perceived benefits were documented. A total of 160 @entity1 were included in this evaluation. RESULTS: 77% (n = 123) of all @entity1 reported deriving at least one benefit from the aromastick. In anxious @entity1 , 65% reported feeling more relaxed and 51% felt less stress. 47% of nauseous @entity1 said that the aromastick had settled their @entity390 and 55% of those experiencing @entity25 felt that aromastick helped them sleep. The results also suggest that the effects of the aromastick may be directly proportional to the frequency of their use. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Evidence demonstrating physiological changes associated with aroma inhalation plus the data presented in this paper highlight the potential for aromasticks within the clinical setting. Although the results of this evaluation of @entity1 perspectives are not controlled, the data does underline the worth of further investigation. Future research is needed to show that aromasticks represent a tool @entity1 can use to self-manage their own symptoms and help them retain an internal locus of control.

title: Aromasticks in XXXX care: an innovation not to be sniffed at.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity161 is associated with @entity75 , but whether these are static or progress over time remains controversial. METHODS: A systematic review of longitudinal volumetric studies using region-of-interest structural magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy control subjects. The percentage change in volume between scans for each brain region of interest was obtained, and data were combined using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 928 @entity1 and 867 control subjects, and 32 different brain regions of interest. Subjects with @entity161 showed significantly greater decreases over time in whole brain volume, whole brain gray matter, frontal gray and white matter, parietal white matter, and temporal white matter volume, as well as larger increases in lateral ventricular volume, than healthy control subjects. The time between baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans ranged from 1 to 10 years. The differences between @entity1 and control subjects in annualized percentage volume change were -.07% for whole brain volume, -.59% for whole brain gray matter, -.32% for frontal white matter, -.32% for parietal white matter, -.39% for temporal white matter, and +.36% for bilateral lateral ventricles. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity161 is associated with progressive @entity75 , affecting both gray and white matter. We found no evidence to suggest progressive medial temporal lobe involvement but did find evidence that this may be partly explained by heterogeneity between studies in @entity1 age and illness duration. The causes and clinical correlates of these progressive brain changes should now be the focus of investigation.

title: Are there progressive brain changes in XXXX ? A meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The symptoms of @entity302 in old @entity1 differ from those in younger @entity1 . Therefore, these @entity410 may be misinterpreted as symptoms of other "typical" diseases in old @entity1 . In an old @entity1 's home, we assessed whether a standardized questionnaire is able to reveal undiagnosed @entity302 in the elderly. Reported sudden falls, @entity909 , and cramps were the criteria for further diagnostic procedures. We found @entity302 in 11 of 389 study @entity1 . In four of them (1% of the total sample), the @entity302 was newly diagnosed; five more cases remained unclear. Therefore, the total number of @entity302 @entity1 might have been even higher. Most of the reported @entity2459 (89%) were due to internal medical or other neurological or orthopaedic causes. Once these have been excluded, the diagnosis of @entity302 should be considered. The results of our pilot study suggest that @entity302 in old @entity1 's homes is often unrecognised. Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity302 in the elderly is important to improve prognosis and social consequences for affected @entity1 .

title: [Is XXXX in the elderly overlooked? An investigation in a home for the aged].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden falls and unconsciousness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that in @entity1 with @entity712 with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF), the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle could also alter the subendocardial fibers of the left atrium. Consequently, these fibrotic alterations, together with chronically elevated LV filling pressures, would lead to both @entity299 of the left atrium (i.e., @entity299 and diastolic function) in @entity1 with HFNEF. METHODS: @entity1 with HFNEF and a control group consisting of asymptomatic @entity1 with LV @entity67 (LVDD) matched by age, gender, and LV ejection fraction were studied using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity1 were included (119 with HFNEF and 301 with asymptomatic LVDD). @entity4032 (LA late diastolic strain rate) and diastolic (LA systolic strain and strain rate) function was significantly more impaired in @entity1 with HFNEF (LA late diastolic strain rate, -1.17    0.63 s(-1); LA systolic strain, 19.9    7.3%; LA systolic strain rate, 1.17    0.46 s(-1)) compared with those with asymptomatic LVDD (-1.80    0.70 s(-1), 30.8    11.4%, and 1.67    0.59 s(-1), respectively) (all P values < .0001). On multiple regression analysis, @entity1002 and diastolic strain rate were the most important independent predictors of @entity4032 and diastolic function, in contrast to noninvasive LV filling pressures (i.e., mitral E/e' average septal-lateral ratio), which were modestly related to @entity4032 and diastolic function. Furthermore, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the subendocardial function of both the left atrium and the left ventricle was significantly impaired in high proportions. In that regard, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the rate of @entity299 was 65.5% and 28.5%, whereas the prevalence of @entity1002 was 81.5% and 58%, respectively. In addition, @entity1 with both @entity299 of the left atrium presented worse NYHA functional class as compared with those with normal LA longitudinal function. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1002 is common and possibly associated with the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial fibers of the left ventricle and to a lesser extent with elevated LV filling pressures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that @entity299 could be related to reduced functional capacity during effort in @entity1 with HFNEF.

title: @entity1002 in XXXX with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic subendocardial dysfunction', 'LA longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction', 'impaired left atrial [LA] longitudinal systolic', 'systolic and diastolic longitudinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['LA longitudinal systolic']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['HFNEF, LA subendocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction', 'LV global longitudinal systolic strain', 'LV longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that in @entity1 with @entity712 with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF), the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle could also alter the subendocardial fibers of the left atrium. Consequently, these fibrotic alterations, together with chronically elevated LV filling pressures, would lead to both @entity299 of the left atrium (i.e., @entity299 and diastolic function) in @entity1 with HFNEF. METHODS: @entity1 with HFNEF and a control group consisting of asymptomatic @entity1 with LV @entity67 (LVDD) matched by age, gender, and LV ejection fraction were studied using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity1 were included (119 with HFNEF and 301 with asymptomatic LVDD). @entity4032 (LA late diastolic strain rate) and diastolic (LA systolic strain and strain rate) function was significantly more impaired in @entity1 with HFNEF (LA late diastolic strain rate, -1.17    0.63 s(-1); LA systolic strain, 19.9    7.3%; LA systolic strain rate, 1.17    0.46 s(-1)) compared with those with asymptomatic LVDD (-1.80    0.70 s(-1), 30.8    11.4%, and 1.67    0.59 s(-1), respectively) (all P values < .0001). On multiple regression analysis, @entity1002 and diastolic strain rate were the most important independent predictors of @entity4032 and diastolic function, in contrast to noninvasive LV filling pressures (i.e., mitral E/e' average septal-lateral ratio), which were modestly related to @entity4032 and diastolic function. Furthermore, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the subendocardial function of both the left atrium and the left ventricle was significantly impaired in high proportions. In that regard, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the rate of @entity299 was 65.5% and 28.5%, whereas the prevalence of @entity1002 was 81.5% and 58%, respectively. In addition, @entity1 with both @entity299 of the left atrium presented worse NYHA functional class as compared with those with normal LA longitudinal function. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1002 is common and possibly associated with the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial fibers of the left ventricle and to a lesser extent with elevated LV filling pressures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that @entity299 could be related to reduced functional capacity during effort in @entity1 with HFNEF.

title: XXXX in @entity712 with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['Left atrial systolic and diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features, management and prognostic factors associated with adverse clinical outcome in a series of @entity1 with acute community-acquired @entity4008 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, prospective study at two ICUs of a university hospital over a 6-year period. @entity1 : Sixty-four episodes in 62 adults with acute community-acquired @entity4008 admitted to the ICU. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 (95.3%) were admitted to the ICU presenting with @entity1032 (the median value of Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) was 11). Overall mortality rate was 10.9% (7 @entity1 ) and 11 (17.1%) developed adverse clinical outcome ( @entity204 or severe @entity51 ). The features associated with adverse clinical outcome were: age over 50 years, @entity410 or focal neurologic signs at admission, a GCS score of 10 or less and an APACHE II score more than 13 at admission to the ICU. Only the severity of the disease determined according to the APACHE II scale was independently associated with adverse clinical outcome after a multivariate analysis was performed (adjusted odds ratio =8.74; 95% CI =1.70-44.77; p=0.009). All @entity1 were empirically treated with third-generation cephalosporins and @entity619 was used in 40 cases (62.5%). Ten @entity1 (15.6%) received @entity2656 , nine of them after a transcranial Doppler sonography recording had been performed. CONCLUSIONS: In adult @entity1 with acute community-acquired @entity4008 admitted to the ICU, the overall severity of the disease within 24 h of admission may be the major indicator of adverse in-hospital clinical outcome.

title: Acute community-acquired XXXX in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: clinical manifestations, management and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: Non-complementing diploids (Ncd) displaying the parental phenotype can be selected from @entity968 ( @entity970 )-treated fused polyauxotrophic protoplasts of @entity3881 . These bacteria carry the two parental genomes, but only one of them is phenotypically expressed, the other being replicated but not expressed. Cellular cloning and DNA-DNA in situ hybridization led to the discovery of non-complementing diploid cells which at first sight could have been considered as parental haploids. The new class of stabilized Ncd (10(-7) segregants) can be obtained either directly after the primary fusion event or from segregating Ncd after further growth. The totally inactive chromosome of a stable Ncd can be activated after @entity970 -induced self fusion. DNA-mediated transformation studies using crude stable Ncd lysates as DNA donors show low frequencies for the genetic markers from the 'silent' chromosome. Contrary to the unstable Ncd situation, however, these frequencies remain low even with purified donor DNA. The differences in the transformation properties of the non-expressed markers are correlated to Ncd clone stability. These facts suggest that chromosome inactivation in @entity970 -induced fusion involves at least a two-stage process. The first would be reversible and the second irreversible, thus preserving the inactive chromosome state.

title: Stabilized non-complementing diploids (Ncd) from fused protoplast products of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['B. subtilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2177 is one of the main drugs to treat @entity2348 . @entity2348 can lead to high morbidity, mortality, and costs of treatment in the world. In this study, an analysis was conducted using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database on the adverse events of @entity2177 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore unknown associations among the adverse events of @entity2177 , @entity1 demographics and adverse event outcomes. METHODS: A search of FDA AERS reports was performed and some statistics was highlighted. The most frequent adverse events and event outcomes of @entity2177 were listed, age and gender specific distribution of adverse events are reported, then the apriori algorithm was applied to the dataset to obtain some association rules and objective measures were used to select interesting ones. Furthermore, the results were compared against classical data mining algorithms and discussed. RESULTS: The search resulted in 6 531 reports. The reports included within the dataset consist of 3 585 (55.8%) female and 2 884 (44.1%) male @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 is 54.59 years. Preschool @entity1 , middle aged and aged groups have most adverse events reports in all groups. Pyrexia has the highest frequency with @entity2177 , followed by @entity158 , @entity294 , and @entity148 in this order and the most frequent adverse event outcome is hospitalization. Age and gender based differences in the events in @entity1 were found. In addition, some of the interesting associations obtained from the Apriori algorithm include not only @entity146 but specifically their manifestation in specific gender groups. CONCLUSIONS: The FDA AERS offers an important data resource to identify new or unknown adverse events of drugs in the biomedical domain. The results that were obtained in this study can provide valuable information for medical researchers and decision makers at the pharmaceutical research field.

title: Association Patterns in Open Data to Explore XXXX Adverse Events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: In a study of the factors surrounding the development of @entity8 clinical data and serial radiographs were analysed in 74 @entity1 and @entity1 (66 @entity1 and eight @entity1 ) without duplex kidney or obstruction. The development of new scars was seen radiologically in 87 kidneys (74 previously normal and 13 previously scarred). New @entity2318 was extensive in 16 kidneys. Thirty four @entity1 were aged 5 or over when @entity2318 occurred. @entity293 occurred in all the @entity1 . Diagnosis and effective treatment were delayed in 45 of them; 58 suffered further urinary infections between the baseline intravenous urogram and the first showing new @entity2318 . @entity3025 was seen in 67 of the @entity1 . Investigation and treatment varied widely, and few @entity1 received long term prophylaxis. Social problems interfered with the management of 22 @entity1 . Early diagnosis, prompt effective treatment, investigation, and long term supervision of @entity1 with @entity293 are essential if renal @entity2318 is to be reduced; those over the age of 5 are still vulnerable.

title: Development of new XXXX : a collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scars']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteric reflux']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary infection', 'urinary infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal scars']


abstract: A murine monoclonal antibody (anti-BL7) was raised by immunization of BALB/c @entity19 with a precursor B-cell line (Josh-7) which detects a heat-stable, nonimmunoprecipitable antigen. The expression of BL7 was investigated in peripheral blood and/or @entity236 cell suspensions stained by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow cytometry. Lymphoblasts from 43 of 43 cases of "null" @entity981 were BL7-. Five cases of @entity981 and 5 cases of @entity1860 were also BL7-. All 63 cases of @entity1072 were BL7+. Neoplastic cells in 22 of 28 cases of @entity1892 in @entity1778 phase were also BL7+. Expression of BL7 showed some correlation with Rappaport's histological classification. Four cases of @entity1582 and @entity9865 were BL7-. Twenty-three cases of @entity3052 were also analyzed. Of these, only the acute promyelocytic (M3,4 cases) and acute myelomonocytic (M4, one case) varieties expressed BL7 on a small proportion (approximately 15%) of the @entity1778 cells. All other subgroups were BL7-. The reactivity of anti-BL7 was compared to other B-cell antibodies on selected samples and was shown to be different from B1, B2, and the BA antibodies. Anti-BL7 is a unique monoclonal antibody useful in the study of @entity5 .

title: Distribution of a new B-cell-associated surface antigen (BL7) detected by a monoclonal antibody in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ["B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity9865 :: ('MESH:D007952', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow leukemic']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable and easy-to-use @entity262 ( @entity262 ) to predict lymph-node @entity3 (LNM) and determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for mucosa-confined @entity2580 ( @entity2580 ). BACKGROUND: Fewer LNM and better survival rates have been reported for early gastric @entity2580 compared with other undifferentiated early @entity356 (EGCs). METHODS: Data from 1544 @entity1 with mucosa-confined @entity2580 were reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis determined the independent predictors of LNM. Risk scores were based on the final predictive factors for LNM, and performance was internally validated using a split-sample approach. External validation was also performed in an independent dataset (n = 208) to assess the discriminatory power of the @entity262 . RESULTS: The overall LNM incidence was 3.8% (57/1544). Three risk factors ( @entity5 size >= 1.7cm, @entity5 of elevated type, and @entity455 ) were significantly associated with LNM. These factors were incorporated into the @entity262 , and were assigned scores ranging from 0 to 4. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting LNM after internal and external validation was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.0793-0.2865) and 0.686 (95% confidence interval, 0.618-0.748), respectively. A score of 2 points was the optimal cut-off value for LNM prediction, and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 96%. LNM were found in 2.9% and 23.8% of the low and high-risk groups of the @entity262 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity262 may help to predict LNM and evaluate endoscopic submucosal dissection feasibility in @entity1 with intramucosal SRC.

title: A Risk-prediction Model Based on Lymph-node @entity3 for Incorporation Into a Treatment Algorithm for Signet Ring Cell-type Intramucosal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic-vascular involvement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['RSS', 'risk-scoring system']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['SRCs', 'signet ring cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable and easy-to-use @entity262 ( @entity262 ) to predict lymph-node @entity3 (LNM) and determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for mucosa-confined @entity2580 ( @entity2580 ). BACKGROUND: Fewer LNM and better survival rates have been reported for early gastric @entity2580 compared with other undifferentiated early @entity356 (EGCs). METHODS: Data from 1544 @entity1 with mucosa-confined @entity2580 were reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis determined the independent predictors of LNM. Risk scores were based on the final predictive factors for LNM, and performance was internally validated using a split-sample approach. External validation was also performed in an independent dataset (n = 208) to assess the discriminatory power of the @entity262 . RESULTS: The overall LNM incidence was 3.8% (57/1544). Three risk factors ( @entity5 size >= 1.7cm, @entity5 of elevated type, and @entity455 ) were significantly associated with LNM. These factors were incorporated into the @entity262 , and were assigned scores ranging from 0 to 4. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting LNM after internal and external validation was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.0793-0.2865) and 0.686 (95% confidence interval, 0.618-0.748), respectively. A score of 2 points was the optimal cut-off value for LNM prediction, and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 96%. LNM were found in 2.9% and 23.8% of the low and high-risk groups of the @entity262 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity262 may help to predict LNM and evaluate endoscopic submucosal dissection feasibility in @entity1 with intramucosal SRC.

title: A Risk-prediction Model Based on Lymph-node XXXX for Incorporation Into a Treatment Algorithm for Signet Ring Cell-type Intramucosal @entity356 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is reported in up to 7.8% of @entity1 with @entity29 . A distinct @entity29 phenotype has been suggested in adults and in small pediatric cohorts. AIMS: To evaluate the features of @entity29 associated with @entity409 and to analyze the characteristics of the @entity409 . METHODS: Information on @entity1 was obtained from the Italian Pediatric @entity29 Registry. Data of @entity1 with and without @entity409 were compared. RESULTS: @entity409 was detected in 6.8% of the 677 @entity1 enrolled and was significantly associated with the diagnosis of @entity31 (83%), with @entity14361 (84%), and with perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity (41%) (all ps < 0.05). @entity409 was defined as sclerosing @entity255 in 61% of the @entity1 and as an overlap syndrome in 33%. Concomitant intra and extrahepatic biliary involvement was reported in 61% of cases, while exclusive @entity75 were reported in 21%. Hepatobiliary complications were observed in 9% of the @entity1 during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 , especially sclerosing @entity255 , was significantly more common in @entity1 with extensive @entity31 . Although complications are relatively rare in the pediatric age, monitoring is recommended.

title: Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Autoimmune Liver Involvement in Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune liver disease', 'liver disease', 'autoimmune liver diseases', 'autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['pancolonic involvement']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several studies have investigated the effects of fish oil (FO) on @entity1 growth, but little is known about the effects of FO and sex on @entity442 ( @entity442 ), the main regulator of growth in childhood. We explored whether FO v. sunflower oil (SO) supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affected @entity442 and its binding protein-3 ( @entity2301 ) and whether the potential effects were sex specific. Danish @entity1 (n 115) were randomly allocated to 5 ml/d FO (1  2 g/d n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA)) or SO. We measured growth, @entity442 , @entity2301 and erythrocyte EPA, a biomarker of n-3 LCPUFA intake and status, at 9 and 18 months. Erythrocyte @entity8393 increased strongly with FO compared with SO (P<0  001). There were no effects of FO compared with SO on @entity442 in the total population, but a sex*group interaction (P=0  02). Baseline-adjusted @entity442 at 18 months was 11  1   g/l (95 % CI 0  4, 21  8; P=0  04) higher after FO compared with SO supplementation among @entity1 only. The sex*group interaction was borderline significant in the model of @entity2301 (P=0  09), with lower @entity2301 with FO compared with SO among @entity1 only (P=0  03). The results were supported by sex-specific dose-response associations between changes in erythrocyte EPA and changes in @entity442 and @entity2301 (both P<0  03). Moreover, @entity442 was sex specifically associated with BMI and length. In conclusion, FO compared with SO resulted in higher @entity442 among @entity1 and lower @entity2301 among @entity1 . The potential long-term implications for growth and body composition should be investigated further.

title: Fish oil supplementation from 9 to 18 months of age affects the insulin-like growth factor axis in a sex-specific manner in Danish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'girls', 'boys', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure, essentially unchanged in recent years, with high revision rates. We aimed to identify potentially modifiable associations with shunt failure. One hundred and forty @entity1 who underwent insertion of a VP shunt from 2005-2009 were followed for 5-9years. Age at shunt insertion ranged from 0 to 91years (median 44, 26% <18years). The main causes of @entity1276 were congenital (26%), @entity5 -related (25%), post- @entity548 (24%) or normal pressure @entity1276 (19%). Fifty-eight (42%) @entity1 required    1 shunt revision. Of these, 50 (88%) were for proximal catheter blockage. The median time to first revision was 108days. Early post-operative CT scans were available in 105 @entity1 . Using a formal grading system, catheter placement was considered excellent in 49 (47%) but poor (extraventricular) in 13 (12%). On univariate analysis, younger age, poor ventricular catheter placement and use of a non-programmable valve were associated with shunt failure. On logistic regression modelling, the independent associations with VP shunt failure were poor catheter placement (odds ratio [OR] 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-18.9, p=0.02) and use of a non-programmable valve (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0, p=0.04). In conclusion, poor catheter placement (revision rate 77%) was found to be the strongest predictor of shunt failure, with no difference in revisions between excellent (43%) and moderate (43%) catheter placement. Avoiding poor placement in those with mild or moderate @entity1276 may best reduce @entity177 . There may also be an influence of valve choice on VP shunt survival.

title: Choice of valve type and poor ventricular catheter placement: Modifiable factors associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['VP shunt failures']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure']


abstract: Th1 cell activation and cytokine production shift the balance between Th1 and Th2, favoring the upregulation of proinflammatory activity that leads to destruction of allogeneic hepatocytes following transplantation. Th2-type cytokines. such as @entity13358 , have immune regulatory function. The aim of this study was to determine the antirejection efficacy of allogeneic hepatocytes with spheroidal shape (spheroids) genetically modified with viral @entity13358 ( @entity66267 -10). Allogeneic hepatocyte spheroids, transferred @entity66267 -10 gene by using adenovirus as the vector, were transplanted into the spleen of Nagase's analbuminemic @entity35 (NAR). NAR transplanted with @entity66267 -10-transfected hepatocytes showed an abrupt rise in serum albumin levels that peaked on day 7 and remained at high levels up to day 21 after transplantation. The peak level of albumin on day 7 in @entity66267 -10-transfected NAR was eminently higher than that in nontransfected NAR. Histopathological analysis revealed that in nontransfected NAR hepatocyte spheroids were more or less rejected on day 4, and, in contrast, @entity66267 -10-transfected spheroids were still not rejected on day 14. This protective effect correlated with sustained high @entity66267 -10 level in the splenic vein in NAR transplanted with @entity66267 -10-transfected hepatocyte spheroids, suggesting that @entity66267 -10 secreted from the transplanted hepatocytes induced an active suppression of allogeneic response. This study provides evidence to support the possibility of using @entity66267 -10 gene therapy to prevent allogeneic response in hepatocyte transplantation.

title: Suppression of allogeneic response by viral XXXX gene transfer.

answer: @entity13358 :: (25325(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM), which consists of a physiological score (PS) and an operative severity score, is useful in determining the risk profile for @entity1 with @entity1028 in Western countries, but no information is available on the use of this method in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study involving 225 @entity1 was performed, and the prognostic factors for morbidity and in-hospital mortality including POSSUM were investigated. The morbidity rate was 26%. On univariate analysis age, @entity8 , hemoglobin, albumin, operation time, @entity190 and PS were significantly different. On multivariate analysis PS was significantly different. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, PS had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.712 and the best cut-off point was 18. The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.2%. On univariate analysis @entity8 , albumin and PS were significantly different, and on multivariate analysis PS was significantly different. On ROC analysis PS had an AUC of 0.921 and the best cut-off point was 22. CONCLUSIONS: PS was the only independent risk factor for morbidity and in-hospital mortality. Further studies may be required to develop a risk-scoring system.

title: Usefulness of POSSUM physiological score for the estimation of morbidity and mortality risk after elective XXXX repair in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite anticoagulant therapy, many @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity574 develop @entity583 . These @entity1 have a high risk of @entity944 , but the etiology is not clear. We studied autonomic function and the possibility of malignant @entity943 through heart rate variability. METHODS: We studied six @entity573 @entity1 with @entity583 and 16 normal controls. Heart rate variability was investigated using a 24 h electrocardiogram. We assessed the standard deviation from the mean of the normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the proportion of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 msec (pNN50) and the root-mean square of successive R-R differences as time-domain analysis (rMSSD). We assessed very low-frequency power, low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and the LF/HF ratio in frequency-domain analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in SDNN, but there was a significant difference in pNN50 and rMSSD. @entity1 with @entity573 showed lower HF and higher LF/HF than normal controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity583 show decreased vagal activity, which could cause malignant @entity943 .

title: Autonomic function in XXXX with @entity583 : usefulness of monitoring heart rate variability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant coronary artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite anticoagulant therapy, many @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity574 develop @entity583 . These @entity1 have a high risk of @entity944 , but the etiology is not clear. We studied autonomic function and the possibility of malignant @entity943 through heart rate variability. METHODS: We studied six @entity573 @entity1 with @entity583 and 16 normal controls. Heart rate variability was investigated using a 24 h electrocardiogram. We assessed the standard deviation from the mean of the normal R-R intervals (SDNN), the proportion of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference greater than 50 msec (pNN50) and the root-mean square of successive R-R differences as time-domain analysis (rMSSD). We assessed very low-frequency power, low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and the LF/HF ratio in frequency-domain analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in SDNN, but there was a significant difference in pNN50 and rMSSD. @entity1 with @entity573 showed lower HF and higher LF/HF than normal controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity583 show decreased vagal activity, which could cause malignant @entity943 .

title: Autonomic function in @entity573 with XXXX : usefulness of monitoring heart rate variability.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The relationship between antibiotic consumption and selection of resistant strains has been studied mainly by employing conventional statistical methods. A time delay in effect must be anticipated and this has rarely been taken into account in previous studies. Therefore, distributed lags time series analysis and simple linear correlation were compared in their ability to evaluate this relationship. Data on monthly antibiotic consumption for @entity2177 , @entity3400 / @entity7120 , carbapenems and cefepime as well as @entity796 susceptibility were retrospectively collected for the period April 2006 to July 2007. Using distributed lags analysis, a significant temporal relationship was identified between @entity2177 , @entity2889 and cefepime consumption and the resistance rates of @entity796 isolates to these antibiotics. This effect was lagged for @entity2177 and @entity6944 [1 month (R=0.827, P=0.039) and 2 months (R=0.962, P=0.001), respectively] and was simultaneous for @entity2889 (lag 0, R=0.876, P=0.002). Furthermore, a significant concomitant effect of @entity2889 consumption on the appearance of multidrug-resistant @entity796 strains (resistant to three or more representatives of classes of antibiotics) was identified (lag 0, R=0.992, P<0.001). This effect was not delayed and it was therefore identified both by distributed lags analysis and the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Correlation coefficient analysis was not able to identify relationships between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance when the effect was delayed. These results indicate that the use of diverse statistical methods can yield significantly different results, thus leading to the introduction of possibly inappropriate infection control measures.

title: Distributed lags time series analysis versus linear correlation analysis (Pearson's r) in identifying the relationship between antipseudomonal antibiotic consumption and the susceptibility of XXXX isolates in a single Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']