abstract: In a pathologic review of 1224 cases of @entity1204 , 1023 were confirmed cases of @entity1204 . Fifty-six (5.5%) were clear-cell adenocarcinoma (CCE). Fifteen cases of " @entity189 " ( @entity189 ) were examined for comparison. Fifty-five @entity1 with CCE and all with @entity189 were followed for at least five years or until @entity204 . There were only 19 survivors among those with CCE. No five-year survivor subsequently died of disease. Of the 15 @entity1 with @entity189 , 13 survived for five years although two additional @entity1 died of recurrent disease at 5.4 and seven years. All survivors of CCE were Stage I @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. All were postmenopausal, and had a median age of 67 years compared with 58 years for @entity1 with @entity189 . Unlike @entity189 , the morphology of CCE was preserved in the subsequent hysterectomy specimen, in the recurrent disease, and in the @entity3 . CCE was proportionately more common in black @entity1 and the five-year survival was 12.5% as compared with 39.1% for white @entity1 . In contrast to @entity1204 in general, most @entity1 who failed treatment died of disease. There was no increase in the relative frequency over the 23-year time period of the study. Age at time of diagnosis seemed to be an important prognosticator. Prognosis also correlated well with stage of disease and depth of @entity3 . It correlated to a somewhat lesser extent with the method of treatment and had a poor correlation with the histologic pattern or degree of cellular differentiation: however, essentially all @entity5 were considered to be poorly differentiated. Finally, a histologic tissue marker in the form of hyalin-like, PAS-positive, diastase-resistant bodies was found in the 64% of the @entity1 with CCE.

title: @entity1204 : I. A clinicopathologic study of clear-cell carcinoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['SCE', 'secretory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['secretory carcinoma']


abstract: In a pathologic review of 1224 cases of @entity1204 , 1023 were confirmed cases of @entity1204 . Fifty-six (5.5%) were clear-cell adenocarcinoma (CCE). Fifteen cases of " @entity189 " ( @entity189 ) were examined for comparison. Fifty-five @entity1 with CCE and all with @entity189 were followed for at least five years or until @entity204 . There were only 19 survivors among those with CCE. No five-year survivor subsequently died of disease. Of the 15 @entity1 with @entity189 , 13 survived for five years although two additional @entity1 died of recurrent disease at 5.4 and seven years. All survivors of CCE were Stage I @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. All were postmenopausal, and had a median age of 67 years compared with 58 years for @entity1 with @entity189 . Unlike @entity189 , the morphology of CCE was preserved in the subsequent hysterectomy specimen, in the recurrent disease, and in the @entity3 . CCE was proportionately more common in black @entity1 and the five-year survival was 12.5% as compared with 39.1% for white @entity1 . In contrast to @entity1204 in general, most @entity1 who failed treatment died of disease. There was no increase in the relative frequency over the 23-year time period of the study. Age at time of diagnosis seemed to be an important prognosticator. Prognosis also correlated well with stage of disease and depth of @entity3 . It correlated to a somewhat lesser extent with the method of treatment and had a poor correlation with the histologic pattern or degree of cellular differentiation: however, essentially all @entity5 were considered to be poorly differentiated. Finally, a histologic tissue marker in the form of hyalin-like, PAS-positive, diastase-resistant bodies was found in the 64% of the @entity1 with CCE.

title: XXXX : I. A clinicopathologic study of clear-cell carcinoma and @entity189 .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the endometrium']


abstract: In 7 normocapnic and 6 hypercapnic @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), we confirmed the recently reported observation that hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 breathe with a shorter inspiratory time (TI) and a smaller tidal volume (VT) than normocapnic and/or normoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 . Both hypercapnic and normocapnic groups were exposed to doubling concentrations of aerosolized @entity112 , and FEV1 was measured 30 and 90 s after each 2-min exposure. A provocative concentration (PC20) of @entity112 was defined as that which produced a 20% decrease in FEV1. At PC20, minute ventilation and VT decreased in both groups. The decrease in VT was significantly greater in the normocapnic @entity1 . Inspiratory flow (VT/TI) did not change in either group. Although breathing frequency (f) and inspiratory time (TI) did not change in the hypercapnic group, f increased and TI decreased significantly in the normocapnic @entity1 . The same results were obtained when @entity1 were separated into hypoxemic and "normoxemic" groups. At PC20, therefore, the pattern of breathing of the hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 showed only small variations, whereas in the normocapnic and/or "normoxemic" @entity1 , the breathing pattern showed greater changes, becoming similar to that of the hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 during control breathing. We speculated, therefore, that activation of @entity112 -sensitive receptors in the airways could be involved in the pathophysiology of the rapid shallow breathing present at rest in hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Control of breathing in @entity1030 . The effect of XXXX inhalation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: In 7 normocapnic and 6 hypercapnic @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), we confirmed the recently reported observation that hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 breathe with a shorter inspiratory time (TI) and a smaller tidal volume (VT) than normocapnic and/or normoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 . Both hypercapnic and normocapnic groups were exposed to doubling concentrations of aerosolized @entity112 , and FEV1 was measured 30 and 90 s after each 2-min exposure. A provocative concentration (PC20) of @entity112 was defined as that which produced a 20% decrease in FEV1. At PC20, minute ventilation and VT decreased in both groups. The decrease in VT was significantly greater in the normocapnic @entity1 . Inspiratory flow (VT/TI) did not change in either group. Although breathing frequency (f) and inspiratory time (TI) did not change in the hypercapnic group, f increased and TI decreased significantly in the normocapnic @entity1 . The same results were obtained when @entity1 were separated into hypoxemic and "normoxemic" groups. At PC20, therefore, the pattern of breathing of the hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 showed only small variations, whereas in the normocapnic and/or "normoxemic" @entity1 , the breathing pattern showed greater changes, becoming similar to that of the hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 during control breathing. We speculated, therefore, that activation of @entity112 -sensitive receptors in the airways could be involved in the pathophysiology of the rapid shallow breathing present at rest in hypercapnic and/or hypoxemic @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Control of breathing in XXXX . The effect of @entity112 inhalation.

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: The stability of @entity7368 in a variety of i.v. solutions was studied. Solutions of @entity7368 10 mg/mL were prepared separately in 0.45% @entity2827 injection, 0.9% @entity2827 injection, 5% @entity413 injection, 5% @entity413 and 0.45% @entity2827 injection, 5% @entity413 and 0.9% @entity2827 injection, 5% @entity413 with lactated Ringer's injection, lactated Ringer's injection, 5% @entity4388 injection, and 5% @entity413 injection with @entity4337 40 meq/L. One glass and one @entity2634 container of each solution (except glass only in the case of the solution in 5% @entity4388 injection) were stored in the dark at 5 degrees C, under ambient room light at 23-27 degrees C, in the dark at 40 degrees C, and under intense light at 25-30 degrees C. At storage intervals up to 168 hours, samples were tested for @entity7368 concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. Optical density and pH were also measured. @entity7368 was stable in the various i.v. fluids for at least 168 hours when stored at 5 degrees C or 23-27 degrees C, for at least 24 hours when stored under intense light, and, with one exception, for at least 48 hours when stored at 40 degrees C. When mixed with 5% @entity4388 injection, the drug was stable for only about 24 hours at 40 degrees C. There were no substantial changes in optical density or pH. The type of container had no effect on stability. With one exception, @entity7368 was stable in all the i.v. solutions under all the conditions tested.

title: Stability of XXXX in intravenous solutions.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity7368 :: ('MESH:C036604', 'Chemical') :: ['esmolol hydrochloride', 'Esmolol hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity7368 :: (MESH:C036604,Chemical) :: ['esmolol hydrochloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of restricted value for the in vivo characterization of @entity5 types. The applicability of @entity3151 -31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of @entity2721 is unknown. METHODS: A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 (85 females and 106 males; mean age 41 years, range 1-80) with @entity2721 on MRI were analyzed for additional 31P spectroscopy. Histology and/or cytology was obtained from all @entity5 . Because of low sensitivity of the 31P nucleus and the contamination of surrounding tissue, only large, superficially located @entity5 accessible to the surface coil could be accepted for MRS. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (11%) could be included in the study. From this remaining group only 12 studies (57%) produced spectra with well resolved @entity3151 peaks and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. However, these spectra did not allow differentiation between the benign and malignant nature of the lesions. The other 9 studies showed spectra with poor signal intensities and/or poorly defined peaks, making @entity5 differentiation impossible. CONCLUSION: Only 6% of the @entity2721 produced well defined spectra, which implies that localized 31P MRS cannot be considered as a routine technique in the diagnostic and treatment evaluation of @entity2721 .

title: Clinical applicability of @entity1 in vivo localized XXXX -31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of @entity2721 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['a well-defined bone or soft tissue tumor', 'bone and soft tissue tumors']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of restricted value for the in vivo characterization of @entity5 types. The applicability of @entity3151 -31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of @entity2721 is unknown. METHODS: A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 (85 females and 106 males; mean age 41 years, range 1-80) with @entity2721 on MRI were analyzed for additional 31P spectroscopy. Histology and/or cytology was obtained from all @entity5 . Because of low sensitivity of the 31P nucleus and the contamination of surrounding tissue, only large, superficially located @entity5 accessible to the surface coil could be accepted for MRS. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (11%) could be included in the study. From this remaining group only 12 studies (57%) produced spectra with well resolved @entity3151 peaks and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. However, these spectra did not allow differentiation between the benign and malignant nature of the lesions. The other 9 studies showed spectra with poor signal intensities and/or poorly defined peaks, making @entity5 differentiation impossible. CONCLUSION: Only 6% of the @entity2721 produced well defined spectra, which implies that localized 31P MRS cannot be considered as a routine technique in the diagnostic and treatment evaluation of @entity2721 .

title: Clinical applicability of @entity1 in vivo localized @entity3151 -31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of XXXX .

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of restricted value for the in vivo characterization of @entity5 types. The applicability of @entity3151 -31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of @entity2721 is unknown. METHODS: A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 (85 females and 106 males; mean age 41 years, range 1-80) with @entity2721 on MRI were analyzed for additional 31P spectroscopy. Histology and/or cytology was obtained from all @entity5 . Because of low sensitivity of the 31P nucleus and the contamination of surrounding tissue, only large, superficially located @entity5 accessible to the surface coil could be accepted for MRS. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (11%) could be included in the study. From this remaining group only 12 studies (57%) produced spectra with well resolved @entity3151 peaks and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. However, these spectra did not allow differentiation between the benign and malignant nature of the lesions. The other 9 studies showed spectra with poor signal intensities and/or poorly defined peaks, making @entity5 differentiation impossible. CONCLUSION: Only 6% of the @entity2721 produced well defined spectra, which implies that localized 31P MRS cannot be considered as a routine technique in the diagnostic and treatment evaluation of @entity2721 .

title: Clinical applicability of XXXX in vivo localized @entity3151 -31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of @entity2721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In all of six cases of @entity417 ( @entity4843 ), gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity214 revealed abnormally rapid migration of the preponderant integral membrane protein, band 3. After proteolysis of intact cells, the remaining part of the band 3, comprising the intramembrane segment and the cytoplasmic domain, migrated electrophoretically as a single band, identical in mobility to that from normal cells treated in the same manner. The @entity154 thus resides in the extracellular domain of the protein, which is the glycosylated part of the chain. Peptide digests of the band 3 showed no evidence of a missing protein segment in the abnormal cells and the @entity535 composition of the peptides derived from proteolysis of the extracellular protein of intact cells was also normal. We infer that the @entity154 is one of glycosylation. The major glycoproteins, detected by @entity1735 -specific (PAS) stain appear normal in SDS gels. However, when the more sensitive procedure of reacting after electrophoresis with radioiodinated lentil lectin is employed, some additional minor protein components are revealed. In particular one species of apparent subunit molecular weight about 150 000 appeared in all cases of @entity4843 examined and in no normals. This component is not accessible to proteolysis by chymotrypsin or @entity10644 protease, and may be associated with the inner membrane patches, characteristic of the @entity4843 . Overall cell shape and microviscosity of the membrane bilayer, as measured by fluorescence polarization of a lipid-soluble fluorophore, were substantially normal in @entity4843 cells.

title: Red cell membrane protein anomalies in XXXX (HEMP AS).

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia, type II']

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces griseus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4843 :: ('MESH:D000742', 'Disease') :: ['HEMPAS', 'HEMPAS condition']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia, type II']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mitral valve repair has been suggested as providing a better postoperative outcome than valve replacement for @entity339 , but this impression has been obscured by differences in baseline characteristics and has not been confirmed in multivariate analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS: The outcomes in 195 @entity1 with valve repair and 214 with replacement for organic @entity339 were compared using multivariate analysis. All @entity1 had preoperative echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Before surgery, @entity1 with valve repair were less symptomatic than those with replacement (42% in New York Heart Association functional class I or II versus 24%, respectively; P = .001), had less @entity955 (41% versus 53%; P = .017), and had a better ejection fraction (63 +/- 9% versus 60 +/- 12%, P = .016). After valve repair, compared with valve replacement, overall survival at 10 years was 68 +/- 6% versus 52 +/- 4% (P = .0004), overall operative mortality was 2.6% versus 10.3% (P = .002), operative mortality in @entity1 under age 75 was 1.3% versus 5.7% (P = .036), and late survival (in operative survivors) at 10 years was 69 +/- 6% versus 58 +/- 5% (P = .018). Late survival after valve repair was not different from expected survival. After surgery, ejection fraction decreased significantly in both groups but was higher after valve repair (P = .001). Multivariate analysis indicated an independent beneficial effect of valve repair on overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.39; P = .00001), operative mortality (odds ratio, 0.27; P = .026), late survival (hazard ratio, 0.44; P = .001), and postoperative ejection fraction (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Valve repair significantly improves postoperative outcome in @entity1 with @entity339 and should be the preferred mode of surgical correction. The low operative mortality is an incentive for early surgery before @entity67 occurs.

title: Valve repair improves the outcome of surgery for XXXX . A multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) of the mitral valve in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) has generally been explained by a Venturi effect related to @entity1184 , causing outflow tract narrowing and high velocities. @entity1 with @entity1121 , however, also have primary @entity9467 , including anterior and inward or central displacement of the papillary muscles, and leaflet elongation. These findings have led to the hypothesis that changes in the mitral apparatus can be a primary cause of @entity299 by altering the forces acting on the mitral valve and its ability to move in response to them. Despite suggestive observations, however, it has never been prospectively demonstrated that such changes can actually cause @entity299 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To test this hypothesis in vivo, anterior @entity121 was created in 7 @entity235 studied by echocardiography, with controlled cardiac output and heart rate. In all 7 @entity235 , @entity121 caused @entity299 , with an outflow tract gradient (33 +/- 19 mm Hg) and @entity339 in 6. As in @entity1 with @entity1121 , the mitral valve was displaced anteriorly and the coaptation point shifted toward the insertion of the leaflets, creating longer distal residual leaflets that moved anteriorly. CONCLUSIONS: Primary changes in the mitral apparatus can cause @entity299 without @entity1184 . In this model, @entity299 appears to be determined by the ability of the leaflets to move anteriorly ( @entity121 causing slack and increased residual leaflet length) and their interposition into the outflow stream by anterior displacement, determining the direction of this motion. Geometric factors observed in @entity1121 and in @entity1 with @entity299 without @entity1121 can therefore play a primary role in causing @entity299 .

title: XXXX causes systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Experimental validation and insights into the mechanism of subaortic obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the mitral apparatus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic anterior motion', 'SAM']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle displacement']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Papillary muscle displacement']


abstract: Studies of experimental @entity5 in rodents indicate that there are morphological @entity5 microcirculation compared to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the microvasculature in benign and malignant @entity694 in @entity1 using microvascular casting techniques. There were 15 @entity420 , four @entity652 , and three specimens from @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). A cast of the microvessels of these @entity5 was prepared by intraarterial administration of acrylic resin (Mercox) and the cast examined by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative measures of the microvasculature were obtained from histological sections using stereological techniques in four @entity189 , two @entity652 , and 12 @entity652 from @entity1 with @entity1412 . Vascular casts of benign colonic @entity652 showed that the microvasculature had a similar organization to normal colon. However, capillaries and venules were elongated and had increased diameters compared to normal. In @entity652 greater than 3 mm in diameter, there was an increased density of microvessels in the spaces between @entity5 cells. Vascular casts of @entity694 were characterized by a disorganized structure and increased density of microvessels. The organization of microvessels within @entity189 had a similar overall pattern to normal colon. However, the increased number and density of microvessels resulted in formation of nodular clusters of capillaries, formation of "sheets" of frequently anastomosing capillaries, or almost complete packing of the interstitial spaces of the @entity5 by capillaries in places. Most capillaries had a long and tortuous course and numerous capillary sprouts were identified. Tumor microvessels had greater mean diameters than normal. Extravasation of resin from microvessels in @entity189 was frequently seen. The vascular volume of @entity189 (23.1% +/- 12.2), @entity652 (16.3% +/- 3.4), and @entity652 > 3 mm diameter in @entity1 with @entity1412 (17.7% +/- 3.0) were significantly greater than in normal colon (11.0% +/- 4.2). This study indicates that there is an increased vascular density in benign and @entity694 compared to normal colon. The presence of profusely anastomotic microvessels and frequent capillary sprouts is evidence of active neovascularization and suggests control of @entity5 growth could be achieved by modifiers of angiogenesis.

title: Microvascular structure of benign and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abnormalities of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic adenomas', 'benign sporadic adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the colon', 'colonic carcinomas', 'colonic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors of the colon']


abstract: Studies of experimental @entity5 in rodents indicate that there are morphological @entity5 microcirculation compared to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the microvasculature in benign and malignant @entity694 in @entity1 using microvascular casting techniques. There were 15 @entity420 , four @entity652 , and three specimens from @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). A cast of the microvessels of these @entity5 was prepared by intraarterial administration of acrylic resin (Mercox) and the cast examined by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative measures of the microvasculature were obtained from histological sections using stereological techniques in four @entity189 , two @entity652 , and 12 @entity652 from @entity1 with @entity1412 . Vascular casts of benign colonic @entity652 showed that the microvasculature had a similar organization to normal colon. However, capillaries and venules were elongated and had increased diameters compared to normal. In @entity652 greater than 3 mm in diameter, there was an increased density of microvessels in the spaces between @entity5 cells. Vascular casts of @entity694 were characterized by a disorganized structure and increased density of microvessels. The organization of microvessels within @entity189 had a similar overall pattern to normal colon. However, the increased number and density of microvessels resulted in formation of nodular clusters of capillaries, formation of "sheets" of frequently anastomosing capillaries, or almost complete packing of the interstitial spaces of the @entity5 by capillaries in places. Most capillaries had a long and tortuous course and numerous capillary sprouts were identified. Tumor microvessels had greater mean diameters than normal. Extravasation of resin from microvessels in @entity189 was frequently seen. The vascular volume of @entity189 (23.1% +/- 12.2), @entity652 (16.3% +/- 3.4), and @entity652 > 3 mm diameter in @entity1 with @entity1412 (17.7% +/- 3.0) were significantly greater than in normal colon (11.0% +/- 4.2). This study indicates that there is an increased vascular density in benign and @entity694 compared to normal colon. The presence of profusely anastomotic microvessels and frequent capillary sprouts is evidence of active neovascularization and suggests control of @entity5 growth could be achieved by modifiers of angiogenesis.

title: Microvascular structure of benign and @entity694 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity1 who 14 years previously had undergone a left nephrotomy for @entity1790 complained of @entity158 in the left renal fossa which was reddened and @entity158 on percussion. She had a fever of 38.2 degrees C. C-reactive protein was raised to 80 mg/l, the white cell count to 14,620/microliters (83% neutrophils). Protein and white cells were found in the urine together with a significant number of @entity526 on urine culture. Plain film of the abdomen showed a @entity1608 and ultrasonography demonstrated @entity8 with a possible @entity733 . The computed tomography diagnosis was @entity22301 , on the basis of @entity8 , @entity1608 , @entity6152 areas with typical density values (10-15 Hounsfield units), contrast enrichment and extrarenal extension of partly phlegmonous partly fused-together inflammatory changes. The abscessing parts were drained under computed tomography control. Starting 7 days pre-operatively the @entity1 had been receiving @entity2177 (0.4 g daily) intravenously. A nephrectomy had to be performed subsequently. Antibiotic treatment was discontinued 2 weeks later and she was discharged symptom-free. The diagnosis of @entity22301 was confirmed by histological examination of the surgical specimen.

title: [ XXXX with phlegmonous abdominal wall infiltration. Diagnosis and assessment of extent via computerized tomography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodense']

entities_list: @entity22301 :: ('MESH:D011705', 'Disease') :: ['xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis', 'diffuse xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['staghorn calculus']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['paranephritic abscess']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity22301 :: (MESH:D011705,Disease) :: ['Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of current status of end-of-life (EOL) care and sociocultural considerations in Korea, with focus on the EOL communication and use of @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) in elderly Koreans. Through literature review, we discuss the current status of EOL care and sociocultural considerations in Korea, and provide a look-ahead. In Korea, @entity1 often receive life-sustaining treatment until the very end of life. Advance care planning is rare, and most do-not-resuscitate decisions are made between the family and physician at the very end of @entity1 's life. Koreans, influenced mainly by Confucian tradition, prefer a @entity204 and discontinuation of life-sustaining treatment. Although Koreans generally believe that @entity204 is natural and unavoidable, they tend not to think about or discuss @entity204 , and regard preparation for @entity204 as unnecessary. As a result, @entity1442 are completed by just 4.7% of the general adult population. This situation can be explained by several sociocultural characteristics including opting for @entity204 , wish not to burden others, preference for family involvement and trust in doctor, avoidance of talking about @entity204 , and filial piety. @entity1 often receive life-sustaining treatment until the very EOL, advance care planning and the use of @entity1442 is not common in Korea. This was related to unique sociocultural characteristics of Korea. A more active role of physicians, development of a more deliberate EOL discussion process, development of culturally appropriate @entity1442 and promotion of advance care planning might be required to provide good EOL care in Korea. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 407-415.

title: End-of-life communication in Korean older adults: With focus on advance care planning and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'advance directives']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['natural death', 'death']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advance directives']


abstract: We used an ion-exchange procedure coupled to the Salmonella assay to fractionate the @entity1044 -extractable particulate organics from an urban air sample collected in Boise, Idaho. A resulting base/neutral fraction contained 81% of the mutagenic activity but only 36% of the mass of the unfractionated sample. Chemical analysis showed that @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) accounted for much of the mutagenic activity of the air sample. Colony probe hybridization, PCR, and DNA sequence analysis were then used to determine the mutations induced by the complex mixtures and a model PAH, @entity3014 (BAP) in approximately 900 revertants of the frameshift hisD3052 allele and approximately 400 revertants of the base-substitution hisG46 allele. The majority (93-94%) of the mutations induced at the frameshift allele in strain TA98 by the whole or base/neutral fraction of the urban air sample was a hotspot 2-base deletion of a CG or GC within the sequence CGCGCGCG. The remaining mutations were complex frameshifts that consisted of -2 or +1 frameshifts associated with a flanking base substitution. BAP induced a somewhat similar pattern of mutations, with 70% being the hotspot mutation, 23% being complex frameshifts, and the remaining being deletions. The inferred base-substitution specificity associated with the complex frameshifts at the hisD3052 allele (primarily @entity71214 .A transversions) was consistent with the observation that this same transversion was the primary mutation induced by the whole urban air sample and BAP at the base-substitution allele in strain TA100. At the frameshift allele, adducts that promote correct incorporation/slippage could account for hotspot mutations, whereas those that promote misincorporation/slippage could account for complex frameshifts. At the base-substitution allele, a mixture of adducts or of adducts with multiple conformations could account for the observed proportion of transitions and transversions. Combined with the bioassay-directed chemical analysis, these results from the first mutation spectra of a complex mixture suggest that such spectra reflect the dominance of particular classes of chemical mutagens within the mixture.

title: Mutation spectra in Salmonella of complex mixtures: comparison of urban air to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity71214 :: ('|SUB|G,C||T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G.C-->T']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that @entity2791 may cause @entity2792 , it is unclear how the degree of @entity850 should best be measured in morphological images. The aim of this study was to determine which morphological measures from Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) are best in predicting whether a @entity2791 is hemodynamically significant or not. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity101 and a clinical suspicion of @entity2792 were examined with CTA, MRA, @entity20805 -enhanced renography (CER) and @entity20805 test (Ctest). CTA and MRA images of the renal arteries were analyzed by two readers using interactive vessel segmentation software. The measures included minimum diameter, minimum area, diameter reduction and area reduction. In addition, two radiologists visually judged the diameter reduction without automated segmentation. The results were then compared using limits of agreement and intra-class correlation, and correlated with the results from CER combined with Ctest (which were used as standard of reference) using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: A total of 68 kidneys had all three investigations (CTA, MRA and CER   +   Ctest), where 11 kidneys (16.2  %) got a positive result on the CER   +   Ctest. The greatest area under ROC curve (AUROC) was found for the area reduction on MRA, with a value of 0.91 (95  % confidence interval 0.82-0.99), excluding accessory renal arteries. As comparison, the AUROC for the radiologists' visual assessments on CTA and MRA were 0.90 (0.82-0.98) and 0.91 (0.83-0.99) respectively. None of the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were found between the morphological measures in their ability to predict hemodynamically significant @entity850 , but a tendency of MRA having higher AUROC than CTA. There was no significant difference between measurements made by the radiologists and measurements made with fuzzy @entity1347 . Further studies are required to definitely identify the optimal measurement approach.

title: How to measure XXXX - a retrospective comparison of morphological measurement approaches in relation to hemodynamic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['connectedness segmentation']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['renal artery stenosis']


abstract: The effect of @entity5101 ( @entity5252 ) on accelerated rejection was evaluated using a @entity35 heart transplantation model. Lewis @entity35 (LEW, RT1l) served as the organ recipient and Brown @entity35 (BN, RT1n) as the donor. In the accelerated rejection model, the LEW recipient was sensitized with BN skin and BN heart was transplanted 7 days later; the heart graft was rejected within 2 days (n = 7). Histologically, the graft showed @entity39 and @entity548 throughout the myocardium. @entity5252 (2.5 mg/kg/day) was administered to the recipient under the following three protocols: group 1: during the sensitization period (7 days); group 2: from 3 days after the sensitization to 2 days after grafting (7 days), and group 3: immediately after heart transplantation. The mean graft survival period in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 4.3 +/- 0.8 days (n = 7, p < 0.01 vs untreated host), 11.7 +/- 2.1 days (n = 7, p < 0.001, vs. untreated host), and 2.0 +/- 0 days (n = 6), respectively. The rejected grafts in groups 1 and 3 histologically showed @entity39 and @entity548 . By contrast, in group 2, the major histological change was interstitial lymphocyte infiltration and there were few findings such as @entity39 or @entity548 . In the complement-dependent @entity137 test, serum obtained at the second posttransplant day from the recipients treated in group 1 showed a high @entity137 level, although the @entity137 level of serum obtained from the recipients treated in group 2 was consistently low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on accelerated rejection in @entity35 heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Norway rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity5101 :: (MESH:C037258,Chemical) :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']


abstract: The effect of @entity5101 ( @entity5252 ) on accelerated rejection was evaluated using a @entity35 heart transplantation model. Lewis @entity35 (LEW, RT1l) served as the organ recipient and Brown @entity35 (BN, RT1n) as the donor. In the accelerated rejection model, the LEW recipient was sensitized with BN skin and BN heart was transplanted 7 days later; the heart graft was rejected within 2 days (n = 7). Histologically, the graft showed @entity39 and @entity548 throughout the myocardium. @entity5252 (2.5 mg/kg/day) was administered to the recipient under the following three protocols: group 1: during the sensitization period (7 days); group 2: from 3 days after the sensitization to 2 days after grafting (7 days), and group 3: immediately after heart transplantation. The mean graft survival period in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 4.3 +/- 0.8 days (n = 7, p < 0.01 vs untreated host), 11.7 +/- 2.1 days (n = 7, p < 0.001, vs. untreated host), and 2.0 +/- 0 days (n = 6), respectively. The rejected grafts in groups 1 and 3 histologically showed @entity39 and @entity548 . By contrast, in group 2, the major histological change was interstitial lymphocyte infiltration and there were few findings such as @entity39 or @entity548 . In the complement-dependent @entity137 test, serum obtained at the second posttransplant day from the recipients treated in group 1 showed a high @entity137 level, although the @entity137 level of serum obtained from the recipients treated in group 2 was consistently low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity5101 on accelerated rejection in XXXX heart transplantation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 1984 we began treating @entity1 with @entity957 of the larynx and hypopharynx with hyperfractionated radiotherapy. @entity1 received 76.8 Gy in 1.2 Gy fractions twice daily, with a 4 h interfraction interval. In 1988, this schedule was modified in @entity1 treated with shrinking field techniques. The dose per fraction was slightly reduced (while not changing the total dose), and the interfraction interval was increased to 6 h. The goal was to decrease @entity137 while maintaining satisfactory local-regional control. This retrospective study analyzes the results of this schedule modification. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred thirty-six @entity1 were included in the analysis. Distribution of @entity1 by primary site and T stage was as follows: supraglottic larynx, 120 @entity1 ; hypopharynx, 70; true vocal cord, 24; and oropharynx, 22; T1, 5 @entity1 ; T2, 118; T3, 93; T4, 19; and Tx, 1. Ninety-nine @entity1 presented with cervical @entity66 . Seventy-eight @entity1 (group A), including 16 treated with induction chemotherapy, were treated throughout with 1.2 Gy fractions twice daily and a 4-h interfraction interval. Subsequently, 158 @entity1 (group B), 57 of whom received chemotherapy, received 1.1 Gy fractions to 55 Gy, and then 1.2 Gy fractions to their boost volumes to 76.6 Gy. The interfraction interval was 6 h. Median follow-up was 91 and 35 months for group A and B, respectively. RESULTS: Two-year actuarial survival, local control, and ultimate local rates were 70%, 75%, and 85%, respectively. Differences between survival rates for group A and group B were not statistically significant, with 2-year rates of 66% and 72%, respectively. Overall local control rates at 2 years were 77% and 74%, respectively, for groups A and B (p = 0.22). However, there was a trend toward inferior results in group B @entity1 with @entity66 (67% at 2 years compared to 76% in group A, p = 0.13). Confluent @entity33 and persistent @entity33 developed in 52% and 14% of group A @entity1 , but only 37% and 4% of group B @entity1 (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). There was a near significant trend toward fewer late complications in group B who developed an 8% complication rate at 3 years compared to 15% of group A @entity1 (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The net effect of reducing the dose per fraction to 1.1 Gy twice daily for fields covering gross disease and subclinical sites, and increasing the interfraction interval to 6 h was to reduce the incidence of both @entity697 . Excellent overall local control rates (85%) for T2 lesions were achieved with both hyperfractionation regimens and we, therefore, continue to treat @entity1 with @entity5 with the modified schedule. The overall results in selected @entity1 with @entity75 was also satisfactory (69%), but as there was a trend towards poorer local control in @entity1 treated with 1.1 Gy fractions, we recommend using 1.2 Gy for the entire treatment of these @entity1 , while maintaining the 6 h interfraction interval to reduce the risk of late complications.

title: Hyperfractionated radiation in the treatment of XXXX of the head and neck: a comparison of two fractionation schedules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and late complications']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T3 disease', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T2 tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T3 lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to report our 13-year experience of 14 @entity1 with @entity3986 to treat post-trauma @entity1241 and discuss our technical modifications to this surgical procedure. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (median age: 9.9years) with complete @entity1241 after @entity130 received this procedure from December 1998 to February 2011. The major modification of the surgery was that we transposed two thick muscular bundles about 2cm in diameter bilaterally. They surrounded the middle portion of rectum to act as sphincters. We used dynamic defecography and anorectal endosonography to observe the functions of the transposed muscles. Wexner scores, @entity1241 quality of life questionnaire and self-rated health measurement scale scores had been used to evaluate their life quality. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 6.3years. Twelve @entity1 reported prominently improved fecal controls with reduced stool frequency. Postoperative dynamic defecography and @entity10645 vividly demonstrated the satisfactory voluntary contractile and relaxed states of the reconstructed muscle. Wexner scores were significantly improved both 1year and 2years after the procedure (P<.05). Two year after surgery, rectal maximum systolic pressure, contraction duration and maximum systolic volume significantly increased compared with the results before and 1year after surgery (P<.05) CONCLUSIONS: This modified technique of bilateral gluteus maximus transposition for reconstruction of sphincter efficiently improved fecal control and life quality for pediatric @entity1 with traumatic @entity1241 .

title: Modified technique of bilateral gluteus maximus transposition for reconstruction of sphincter for pediatric traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal endosongraphy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['gluteus maximus muscular transposition']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: Levels of hepcidin, a key modulator of @entity68 metabolism, are influenced by erythropoiesis, @entity68 , and @entity32 , all of which may be increased in @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the variation in hepcidin level, and 2) the relative contribution of erythropoietic drive, @entity68 , and @entity32 to differences in @entity21985 level in an adult cohort with @entity3458 . In a prospective study, cross-sectional measurements of hepcidin, reticulocyte percentage, @entity1307 , ferritin, and high-sensitivity CRP were obtained. A regression tree analysis was used to measure the association between these interacting factors and hepcidin level. The cohort was comprised of 40 adults with @entity3458 . Median age was 26years, 68% were female, and all had HbSS. Hepcidin values ranged from 30ng/ml to 326ng/ml, with a median of 87ng/ml. Regression tree analysis demonstrated that reticulocyte percentage, @entity1307 , ferritin and hs-CRP all were associated with hepcidin. The highest hepcidin values were found in subjects with low reticulocyte percentage and @entity1307 . In conclusion, erythropoietic drive, @entity68 status, and @entity32 all contribute to variation in hepcidin level. The strongest contributor is erythropoietic drive. Future studies could determine whether suppression of erythropoiesis with chronic transfusion influences hepcidin level.

title: Erythropoietic drive is the strongest predictor of hepcidin level in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: This paper describes a convenient and rapid fluorescence sensor for determination of @entity6453 (PA) based on @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ). The methodology enabled the use of a simple synthesis procedure for water solubilization of @entity9545 @entity3603 via a fast route using @entity2041 as a capping agent within 15 min. The resulting water-soluble @entity3603 exhibit a strong fluorescence emission at 536 nm with high and reproducible photostability. PA is an important class of electron acceptors for @entity3603 . Thus, the fluorescence intensity of the @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 probe could be dramatically quenched by PA due to the electron transfer mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of the @entity9545 @entity3603 system was proportional to PA concentration in the range of 0.025 to 1.5  g mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.01  g mL(-1). The time of analysis sample, including preparation of @entity3603 and fluorescent measurement for PA, was only 20 min. Most of the potentially coexisting substances did not interfere with the PA-induced quenching effect except @entity8229 . Furthermore, the analytical applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing PA in water, @entity579 and cabbage samples, and the recoveries were between 86 and 105% which satisfied the requirement of detection for PA. These results showed that the proposed method was simple in design and fast in operation, and could be used as a sensitive tool for detecting PA in environmental and agricultural samples.

title: Facile Synthesis of @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 Quantum Dots as a Fluorescence Sensor for Rapid Detection and Quantification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['quantum dots', 'QDs']

answer: @entity6453 :: (MESH:D010269,Chemical) :: ['Paraquat']


abstract: This paper describes a convenient and rapid fluorescence sensor for determination of @entity6453 (PA) based on @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ). The methodology enabled the use of a simple synthesis procedure for water solubilization of @entity9545 @entity3603 via a fast route using @entity2041 as a capping agent within 15 min. The resulting water-soluble @entity3603 exhibit a strong fluorescence emission at 536 nm with high and reproducible photostability. PA is an important class of electron acceptors for @entity3603 . Thus, the fluorescence intensity of the @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 probe could be dramatically quenched by PA due to the electron transfer mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of the @entity9545 @entity3603 system was proportional to PA concentration in the range of 0.025 to 1.5  g mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.01  g mL(-1). The time of analysis sample, including preparation of @entity3603 and fluorescent measurement for PA, was only 20 min. Most of the potentially coexisting substances did not interfere with the PA-induced quenching effect except @entity8229 . Furthermore, the analytical applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing PA in water, @entity579 and cabbage samples, and the recoveries were between 86 and 105% which satisfied the requirement of detection for PA. These results showed that the proposed method was simple in design and fast in operation, and could be used as a sensitive tool for detecting PA in environmental and agricultural samples.

title: Facile Synthesis of XXXX -capped @entity9545 Quantum Dots as a Fluorescence Sensor for Rapid Detection and Quantification of @entity6453 .

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: This paper describes a convenient and rapid fluorescence sensor for determination of @entity6453 (PA) based on @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ). The methodology enabled the use of a simple synthesis procedure for water solubilization of @entity9545 @entity3603 via a fast route using @entity2041 as a capping agent within 15 min. The resulting water-soluble @entity3603 exhibit a strong fluorescence emission at 536 nm with high and reproducible photostability. PA is an important class of electron acceptors for @entity3603 . Thus, the fluorescence intensity of the @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 probe could be dramatically quenched by PA due to the electron transfer mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of the @entity9545 @entity3603 system was proportional to PA concentration in the range of 0.025 to 1.5  g mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.01  g mL(-1). The time of analysis sample, including preparation of @entity3603 and fluorescent measurement for PA, was only 20 min. Most of the potentially coexisting substances did not interfere with the PA-induced quenching effect except @entity8229 . Furthermore, the analytical applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing PA in water, @entity579 and cabbage samples, and the recoveries were between 86 and 105% which satisfied the requirement of detection for PA. These results showed that the proposed method was simple in design and fast in operation, and could be used as a sensitive tool for detecting PA in environmental and agricultural samples.

title: Facile Synthesis of @entity2041 -capped XXXX Quantum Dots as a Fluorescence Sensor for Rapid Detection and Quantification of @entity6453 .

answer: @entity9545 :: (CHEBI:50835,Chemical) :: ['CdS']


abstract: We studied the effects of GH administration on myocardial structure and function in 20 @entity1 with @entity4614 (14 males and 6 females; mean +/- SE age, 47.2 +/- 2.6 yr; range, 31-59 yr) developed in adulthood because of @entity977 . All @entity1 had @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ), as assessed by a GH response of less than 4 micrograms/L to a standard insulin tolerance test (0.05 U kg, iv) and the combined @entity4836 (120 mg, orally, at -60 min) plus @entity7704 (1 microgram/kg, iv, at 0 min) test. @entity1 received either placebo (n = 10) or GH substitution therapy (n = 10; 0.05 U/kg.day GH for 1 yr; 0.03 U/kg.day during the first month). M- and B-mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler examination of transmitral flow were performed before treatment, 6 months and 1 yr after starting GH or placebo administration, and 15 days and 3 months after GH or placebo withdrawal. Twenty healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity, served as controls. Left ventricular dimensions, mass, and systolic function were normal in @entity1 with adult-onset @entity2338 ; however, diastolic function, specifically E wave deceleration time, was altered. GH administration markedly increased left ventricular performance and reversed @entity854 at 6 and even more so at 12 months. On the other hand, a clear increase in left ventricular mass was seen after 12, but not after 6, months of GH administration (P < 0.01 vs. pretreatment values). In addition, although all changes induced by GH treatment disappeared within 3 months after GH withdrawal, at that time the increase in left ventricular mass was still detectable (P < 0.05 vs. pretreatment values). These data indicate that augmented left ventricular contractility is not strictly related to cardiac muscle growth, supporting the hypothesis that GH treatment increases the inotropic activity of myocardial fibers. In conclusion, GH treatment enhances cardiac function, increases cardiac mass, and reverses @entity854 in adults with @entity4614 and @entity2338 . However, long term studies are required to demonstrate that GH replacement therapy reduces @entity204 rate in these @entity1 .

title: Cardiac performance and mass in adults with XXXX : effects of one year of growth hormone treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary or parapituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['hypopituitarism']


abstract: The number of @entity869 -resistant enterococci (ARE) was noted to be increased at our teaching hospital. To determine the risk factors for acquiring this organism and to compare clinical outcomes, over a 5-month period 38 @entity1 infected or colonized with ARE were compared with 76 @entity1 , infected or colonized with @entity869 -susceptible enterococci (ASE). Risk factors included nosocomial acquisition, duration of hospitalization, admission to a medical service, prior antimicrobial therapy, and combination therapy for at least 7 days. The mortality rate of @entity1 infected or colonized with ARE was higher than that of @entity1 infected or colonized with ASE (34 versus 14%; P = 0.03), but most deaths did not appear to be related to @entity281 . Over a 2-year period, 16 @entity1 with ARE @entity2259 were also compared with 23 @entity1 with @entity2259 . The risk factors associated with ARE @entity2259 also included nosocomial acquisition, duration of hospitalization, and prior antimicrobial therapy. The mortality of @entity1 with ARE @entity2259 was also higher than that of @entity1 with @entity2259 (81 versus 30%; P = 0.003), with most deaths being due to the underlying disease or a complication of it. Typing of ARE isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that two genotypes predominated in our institution. A prolonged hospital stay, exposure to multiple antimicrobial agents, and perhaps nosocomial transmission are important factors in acquiring ARE. The presence of ARE may also be a marker for poor outcome.

title: Risk factors for acquiring XXXX -resistant enterococci and clinical outcomes at a Canadian tertiary-care hospital.

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['ASE bacteremia', 'bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal infection']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: Unicompartmental knee replacement is an attractive concept that offers several potential advantages over bicompartmental or tricompartmental replacement, including preservation of bone stock, of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, of the patellofemoral joint, and of the normal opposite compartment. Of our first 100 consecutive knees that had unicompartmental arthroplasty for @entity571 and were followed for two to six years (average, three and one-half years), eighty-eight were medial and twelve were lateral replacements. The ages of the @entity1 at the time of operation ranged from forty-six to eighty-five years, with an average age of seventy-one years. At follow-up, @entity158 relief was good to excellent in 92 per cent of the knees. The average amount of flexion was 114 degrees (range, 90 to 140 degrees); one-half of the knees had at least 120 degrees of flexion. The average flexion contracture was 1 degree. There were no infections and no peroneal palsies. At the time of writing, three failures had required revision. Radiolucent lines at the bone-cement interface were present around 8 per cent of the femoral components and 27 per cent of the tibial components. Two femoral components subsided in @entity28 @entity1 . There was no tibial loosening in the series. The most common complications, per anserinus @entity2585 , occurred in 12 per cent of the knees and was treated satisfactorily by injection of local anesthetics and @entity230 . Surgical technique must be precise to prevent subluxation of the tibia on the femur due to either improper positioning of the components or too tight a fit (too much pressure) between them. We view unicompartmental replacement as an attractive alternative for the treatment of unicompartmental @entity571 in elderly @entity1 . However, we are strong advocates of proximal tibial osteotomy for unicompartmental @entity571 associated with a @entity85 in selected @entity1 .

title: Unicondylar unicompartmental replacement for XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['varus deformity']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Susceptibility testing of @entity6728 and @entity6729 is medium and inoculum dependent. Seven oral agents, @entity869 , @entity115 - @entity798 , @entity5504 , @entity42285 , @entity9127 , @entity6727 , and @entity2929 , were tested against 400 beta-lactamase-positive and -negative clinically significant respiratory strains of @entity6728 and 100 strains of @entity6729 . Sources of the strains included teaching and regional hospitals and a private laboratory. All strains were tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion in haemophilus test medium for @entity6728 and agar for @entity6729 . Appropriate National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standards were followed. For @entity6728 , by disk diffusion and broth microdilution, respectively, 27 and 27% of strains were resistant to @entity869 , 37 and 5% were resistant to @entity2929 , 3 and 0.5% were resistant to @entity5504 , 2 and 0.5% were resistant to loracarbef, and 0% were resistant to @entity9127 , @entity6727 , and @entity10188 . beta-Lactamase-negative @entity869 -resistant strains were not observed. Of @entity6729 strains, 56% were resistant to @entity869 by disk diffusion and 95% were resistant by broth microdilution. This species was susceptible to all other agents tested by either method. The disagreements between disk diffusion results and MICs for @entity5504 , @entity869 , @entity2261 , and loracarbef that occurred with use of the 1990 NCCLS tables were resolved when the 1992 NCCLS tables were used.

title: Disk diffusion versus broth microdilution susceptibility testing of XXXX and @entity6729 using seven oral antimicrobial agents: application of updated susceptibility guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5504 :: ('MESH:D002433', 'Chemical') :: ['cefaclor']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity42285 :: ('MESH:C054920', 'Chemical') :: ['loracarbef']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus species', 'Haemophilus species and Mueller-Hinton broth']

entities_list: @entity9127 :: ('MESH:C040738', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime-axetil']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin-clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['M. catarrhalis', 'Moraxella catarrhalis']

answer: @entity6728 :: (MESH:D006192,Disease) :: ['Haemophilus species']


abstract: Susceptibility testing of @entity6728 and @entity6729 is medium and inoculum dependent. Seven oral agents, @entity869 , @entity115 - @entity798 , @entity5504 , @entity42285 , @entity9127 , @entity6727 , and @entity2929 , were tested against 400 beta-lactamase-positive and -negative clinically significant respiratory strains of @entity6728 and 100 strains of @entity6729 . Sources of the strains included teaching and regional hospitals and a private laboratory. All strains were tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion in haemophilus test medium for @entity6728 and agar for @entity6729 . Appropriate National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) standards were followed. For @entity6728 , by disk diffusion and broth microdilution, respectively, 27 and 27% of strains were resistant to @entity869 , 37 and 5% were resistant to @entity2929 , 3 and 0.5% were resistant to @entity5504 , 2 and 0.5% were resistant to loracarbef, and 0% were resistant to @entity9127 , @entity6727 , and @entity10188 . beta-Lactamase-negative @entity869 -resistant strains were not observed. Of @entity6729 strains, 56% were resistant to @entity869 by disk diffusion and 95% were resistant by broth microdilution. This species was susceptible to all other agents tested by either method. The disagreements between disk diffusion results and MICs for @entity5504 , @entity869 , @entity2261 , and loracarbef that occurred with use of the 1990 NCCLS tables were resolved when the 1992 NCCLS tables were used.

title: Disk diffusion versus broth microdilution susceptibility testing of @entity6728 and XXXX using seven oral antimicrobial agents: application of updated susceptibility guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['Moraxella catarrhalis']


abstract: Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells were genetically modified to secrete high levels of @entity1 nerve growth factor (BHK-hNGF). Following polymer encapsulation, these cells were implanted into the lateral ventricle of four @entity5434 immediately following a unilateral transection/aspiration of the fornix. Three control monkeys received identical implants, with the exception that the BHK cells were not genetically modified to secrete hNGF and thus differed only by the hNGF construct. One monkey received a fornix transection only. All monkeys displayed complete transections of the fornix as revealed by a comprehensive loss of acetylcholinesterase-containing fibers within the hippocampus @entity75 . Control monkeys that were either unimplanted or received BHK-control (non-NGF secreting) cell implants did not differ from each other and displayed extensive losses of @entity1877 acetyltransferase and p75 NGF receptor ( @entity7169 )-immunoreactive neurons within the @entity5381 ( @entity5381 ; 53 and 54%, respectively) and vertical limb of the diagonal band (VLDB; 21 and 30%, respectively) @entity75 . In contrast, monkeys receiving implants of BHK-hNGF cells exhibited a only a modest loss of cholinergic neurons within the septum (19 and 20%, respectively) and VLDB (7%). Furthermore, only implants of hNGF-secreting cells induced a dense sprouting of cholinergic fibers within the septum, which ramified against the ependymal lining of the ventricle adjacent to the transplant site. Examination of the capsules retreived from monkeys just prior to their death revealed an abundance of cells that produced detectable levels of hNGF in a sufficient concentration to differentiate PC12A cells in culture. These findings support the use of polymer-encapsulated cell therapy as a potential treatment for @entity179 such as @entity195 where @entity528 is a consistent pathological feature. Moreover, this encapsulated xenogeneic system may provide therapeutically effective levels of a number of @entity2057 , alone or in combination, to select populations of neurons within the central nervous system.

title: Implants of polymer-encapsulated XXXX NGF-secreting cells in the nonhuman primate: rescue and sprouting of degenerating cholinergic basal forebrain neurons.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral to the lesion']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity5381 :: ('MESH:D061270', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'medial septum']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic factors']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['basal forebrain degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2025 ( @entity2025 ) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein expressed in all @entity2025 -positive @entity5 as it is essential for the maintenance, replication and transcription of the virus genome. According to the polymorphism of residue 487 in EBNA1 gene, @entity2025 isolates can be classified into five subtypes: P-ala, P-thr, V-val, V-leu and V-pro. Whether these EBNA1 subtypes contribute to different tissue tropism of @entity2025 and are consequently associated with @entity5 remain to be determined. To elucidate the relationship, one hundred and ten @entity2025 -positive @entity706 tissues of different types from Northern China, a non- @entity189 endemic area, were tested for the five subtypes by nested-PCR and DNA sequencing. In addition, @entity2025 type 1 and type 2 classification was typed by using standard PCR assays across type-specific regions of the EBNA3C genes. Four EBNA1 subtypes were identified: V-val (68.2%, 75/110), P-thrV (15.5%, 17/110), V-leuV (3.6%, 4/110) and P-ala (10.9%, 12/110). The distribution of the EBNA1 subtypes in the four @entity706 groups was not significantly different (p = 0.075), neither was that of the @entity2025 type 1/type 2 (p = 0.089). Compared with the previous data of @entity356 ( @entity356 ), @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and throat washing (TW) from healthy donors, the distribution of EBNA1 subtypes in @entity706 differed significantly (p = 0.016), with a little higher frequency of P-ala subtype. The @entity2025 type distribution between @entity706 and the other three groups was significantly different (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.001, respectively). The proportion of type 1 and type 2 mixed @entity281 was higher in @entity706 than that in @entity356 , @entity189 and TW. In @entity706 , the distribution of EBNA1 subtypes in the three @entity2025 types was not significantly different (p = 0.546). These data suggested that the variation patterns of EBNA1 gene may be geographic-associated rather than @entity5 -specific and the role of EBNA1 gene variations in tumorigenesis needs more extensive and deep explorations.

title: Sequence Variation Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 Gene in the Virus Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'certain malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus', 'EBV']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'GC']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Lymphomas of Northern China']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the use of brachytherapy (BT) with or without external beam radiation (EBRT) in inoperable stage I @entity1204 in the United States and to determine the effect of BT on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and cause-specific survival (CSS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data between 1998 and 2011 from the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database were analyzed. Coarsened exact matching was used to adjust for differences in age and grade between @entity1 who received BT and those who did not. Prognostic factors affecting @entity1349 and CSS were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: A total of 460 @entity1 with inoperable stage I @entity1204 treated with radiation therapy were identified. Radiation consisted of either EBRT (n=260) or BT with or without EBRT (n=200). The only factor associated with BT use was younger @entity1 age (median age, 72 vs 76  years, P=.001). @entity1 who received BT had a higher 3-year @entity1349 (60% vs 47%, P<.001) and CSS (82% vs 74%, P=.032) compared with those who did not. On multivariate analysis, BT use was independently associated with an improved @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.87) and CSS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.93). When @entity1 were matched on age, BT use remained significant on multivariate analysis for @entity1349 (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.87) and CSS (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.84). When matched on age and grade, BT remained independently associated with improved @entity1349 and CSS ( @entity1349 HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.83; CSS HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.92). CONCLUSION: Brachytherapy is independently associated with improved @entity1349 and CSS. It should be considered as part of the treatment regimen for stage I inoperable @entity1204 @entity1 undergoing radiation.

title: Brachytherapy Is Associated With Improved Survival in Inoperable Stage I XXXX : A Population-Based Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess leucocyte doubling time (LDT) in relation to progression-free survival in @entity1 with @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ). In addition, to define the impact of a second LDT in both untreated and treated @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of LDT in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity6444 . SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Sixty @entity1 diagnosed over a 13-year period at a county hospital. In forty-five of the 60 @entity1 , an LDT could be defined. These @entity1 were included in the final analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: LDT below and above 12 months, progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS: @entity1 in Binet stages B and C had a median LDT of 4 months as compared to 26 months in stage A @entity1 (P < 0.01). The projected progression-free survival at 3 years was 24% in @entity1 with an LDT of < 12 months. The corresponding figure for the remaining @entity1 was 68% (P < 0.01). The overall 5-year survival did not differ significantly between @entity1 with an LDT below and above 12 months, respectively. In seven untreated @entity1 , a second LDT could be calculated which was shorter than the first recorded LDT. A second LDT was also identified in five @entity1 post treatment that was consistently shorter than their first LDT. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of LDT is a simple complement in predicting progression-free survival in @entity1 with @entity6444 . Thus, monitoring of LDT may add to the clinical evaluation and therapeutic decision making for the many elderly @entity1 with this often indolent disease.

title: Leucocyte doubling time is a useful predictor of progression-free survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: The significance of @entity154 in the surgical pullthrough segment of bowel in @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the ganglionated proximal bowel in 26 @entity1 with @entity1963 (January 1988 through January 1991). The significance of @entity154 and their influence on post operative outcome were evaluated by means of a newly devised histological scoring system based on the morphological features. Functional outcome was assessed clinically at follow-up interview. Comparison was with control specimens from 22 @entity1 undergoing unrelated bowel surgery and a further 5 @entity1 with @entity528 ( @entity528 ). Results indicated a wide spectrum of histologically identified @entity154 in @entity1 with @entity528 , the ganglionated bowel of @entity1963 and controls. Although individual abnormal features were noted in the control group, significant degrees of @entity1141 were absent. The overall degree of @entity1141 was less striking than that observed in @entity528 and in the 5 @entity1 in whom @entity528 co-existed with @entity1963 . @entity1141 of the ENS in residual bowel could be correlated with @entity86 in 4 out of 5 @entity1 (80%) with @entity1963 and features of co-existing @entity528 . In addition, milder symptoms were noted in 50% of @entity1 having a borderline score (5-6/12). This study emphasizes the relationship between clinical obstructive symptoms and a high degree of @entity1141 within the ENS. A histological grading system is of value in evaluating the spectrum of abnormal findings and prospectively identifying those with functional significance in @entity1 with @entity528 co-existing with @entity1963 .

title: A histological grading system for the evaluation of co-existing @entity528 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic features']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal intestinal dysplasia', 'NID']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: The significance of @entity154 in the surgical pullthrough segment of bowel in @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) has not yet been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the ganglionated proximal bowel in 26 @entity1 with @entity1963 (January 1988 through January 1991). The significance of @entity154 and their influence on post operative outcome were evaluated by means of a newly devised histological scoring system based on the morphological features. Functional outcome was assessed clinically at follow-up interview. Comparison was with control specimens from 22 @entity1 undergoing unrelated bowel surgery and a further 5 @entity1 with @entity528 ( @entity528 ). Results indicated a wide spectrum of histologically identified @entity154 in @entity1 with @entity528 , the ganglionated bowel of @entity1963 and controls. Although individual abnormal features were noted in the control group, significant degrees of @entity1141 were absent. The overall degree of @entity1141 was less striking than that observed in @entity528 and in the 5 @entity1 in whom @entity528 co-existed with @entity1963 . @entity1141 of the ENS in residual bowel could be correlated with @entity86 in 4 out of 5 @entity1 (80%) with @entity1963 and features of co-existing @entity528 . In addition, milder symptoms were noted in 50% of @entity1 having a borderline score (5-6/12). This study emphasizes the relationship between clinical obstructive symptoms and a high degree of @entity1141 within the ENS. A histological grading system is of value in evaluating the spectrum of abnormal findings and prospectively identifying those with functional significance in @entity1 with @entity528 co-existing with @entity1963 .

title: A histological grading system for the evaluation of co-existing XXXX with @entity1963 .

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['NID']


abstract: The results of surgery for @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) in 536 @entity1 treated between 1962 and 1993 are presented. Before 1985, @entity1 underwent an abdominoperineal pullthrough for high and intermediate type of @entity2463 , whereas @entity615 or perineoproctoplasty were performed in low type. Since 1985, we have changed our policy and performed a modified posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) for intermediate type of @entity2463 , eventually combined with an abdominal mobilization for high type. Perineoproctoplasty was reserved for low type of @entity2463 . Data of 143 @entity1 of Group 1 and 85 @entity1 of Group 2 were available for follow-up. Continence was compared using a clinical score. Good or fair continence was found in 82% of @entity1 operated on before 1985 (low type 85% good, 15% fair, intermediate type 17% good, 50% fair, high type 12% good, 37% fair), comparing to 93% in @entity1 treated after 1985 according to the new regimen (low type 88% good, 6% fair, intermediate type 59% good, 35% fair, high type 43% good, 47% fair). Liquid stools and inability to retain bowel contents were the main problem in the older series, whereas @entity322 could often be attributed to constipation with overflow @entity322 in the recently treated group of @entity1 . Analysis of the innervation of @entity292 and distal rectal pouch in a prospective study comprising 40 of our most recent @entity1 showed normal innervation in only 5% of @entity1 , whereas 66% had @entity528 ( @entity528 ) including @entity1963 , @entity20254 and hypoganglionosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Results in the treatment of XXXX with special regard to the histology of the rectal pouch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['aganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation', 'ARM']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['cut-back procedures']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal intestinal malformations', 'NIM']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare quality of life after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and open cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity5990 . DESIGN: Randomised study. SETTING: University hospital, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: 49 @entity1 , 23 of whom were randomized to undergo ESWL and 26 to undergo open cholecystectomy. INTERVENTIONS: Health questionnaires were filled out before, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Improvements of quality of life after one year. RESULTS: Both treatments improved quality of life. Open cholecystectomy improved quality of life significantly better than ESWL (median percentage gains in Nottingham Health Profile scores at 1 year 17.1 and 10.5, respectively, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Open cholecystectomy is superior to ESWL in improving quality of life, so cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for symptomatic @entity5990 . For @entity1 who are unfit or unwilling to undergo operation, however, ESWL is adequate because most @entity1 have some benefit from it in terms of quality of life.

title: Quality of life after treatment of XXXX : results of a randomised study of lithotripsy and open cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstones']


abstract: We have determined the incidence of @entity1669 in @entity1 with @entity5343 . The material comprised 212 @entity1 , 128 @entity1 and 84 @entity1 , aged 9-74 years. In 58 @entity1 @entity378 and in six @entity1 other @entity74 were diagnosed. In the remaining 148 @entity1 the auto-immune mechanism was the most probable cause of @entity1887 . In order to evaluate the @entity1374 seen in @entity1 with @entity5343 the T3, T4 (RIA), TSH (ELISA) and anti-thyroid autoantibodies were determined apart from routine clinical examination. Antimicrosomal, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were measured in 91, 188 and 81 cases respectively. @entity2743 was diagnosed in 17 and @entity1375 in 18 cases. Moreover, eight @entity1 had evidence of @entity1375 . The anti-thyroglobulin antibodies with titer ranging from 1:80 to 1:10,000 were detected in 66 patients, whereas antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 51 @entity1 at a titer ranging from 1:80 to 1:9720. Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase were found in sera of 67 @entity1 , with titer ranging from 1:2000 to 1:25,6000.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in idiopathic @entity5343 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocrotical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disorders']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid abnormalities']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']


abstract: We have determined the incidence of @entity1669 in @entity1 with @entity5343 . The material comprised 212 @entity1 , 128 @entity1 and 84 @entity1 , aged 9-74 years. In 58 @entity1 @entity378 and in six @entity1 other @entity74 were diagnosed. In the remaining 148 @entity1 the auto-immune mechanism was the most probable cause of @entity1887 . In order to evaluate the @entity1374 seen in @entity1 with @entity5343 the T3, T4 (RIA), TSH (ELISA) and anti-thyroid autoantibodies were determined apart from routine clinical examination. Antimicrosomal, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were measured in 91, 188 and 81 cases respectively. @entity2743 was diagnosed in 17 and @entity1375 in 18 cases. Moreover, eight @entity1 had evidence of @entity1375 . The anti-thyroglobulin antibodies with titer ranging from 1:80 to 1:10,000 were detected in 66 patients, whereas antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 51 @entity1 at a titer ranging from 1:80 to 1:9720. Autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase were found in sera of 67 @entity1 , with titer ranging from 1:2000 to 1:25,6000.

title: High prevalence of @entity1669 in idiopathic XXXX .

answer: @entity5343 :: (MESH:D000224,Disease) :: ['Addison's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of @entity28 on Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 1699 @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in these @entity1 . BMI was obtained before surgery. Obesity was defined as a BMI >=  24. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank test were employed to perform survival analysis. The impact of different characteristics on survival was assessed by using Cox proportional-hazards regression model. RESULTS: In total 635 (37.4%) @entity1 were @entity28 , while 1 064 (62.6%) were @entity28 . Comparing the @entity5 characteristics in the two groups, the BMI >=  24 group showed a higher rate of older age (P < 0.001), postmenopausal status (P < 0.001), increased risk of lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.001) and less chances of accepting breast conservation surgery (P = 0.012). The median follow-up time was 16 months, and the estimated 16-months DFS was 98.1% for @entity28 and 95.0% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.007), the estimated 16-months @entity1349 was 99.4% for @entity28 and 98.4% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.004). The multivariate analysis indicated that @entity28 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity28 is associated with a poorer outcome in Chinese female @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Effect of body mass index on disease-free and @entity1349 in Chinese @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of @entity28 on Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 1699 @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in these @entity1 . BMI was obtained before surgery. Obesity was defined as a BMI >=  24. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank test were employed to perform survival analysis. The impact of different characteristics on survival was assessed by using Cox proportional-hazards regression model. RESULTS: In total 635 (37.4%) @entity1 were @entity28 , while 1 064 (62.6%) were @entity28 . Comparing the @entity5 characteristics in the two groups, the BMI >=  24 group showed a higher rate of older age (P < 0.001), postmenopausal status (P < 0.001), increased risk of lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.001) and less chances of accepting breast conservation surgery (P = 0.012). The median follow-up time was 16 months, and the estimated 16-months DFS was 98.1% for @entity28 and 95.0% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.007), the estimated 16-months @entity1349 was 99.4% for @entity28 and 98.4% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.004). The multivariate analysis indicated that @entity28 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity28 is associated with a poorer outcome in Chinese female @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Effect of body mass index on disease-free and XXXX in Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['overall survival']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of @entity28 on Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 1699 @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in these @entity1 . BMI was obtained before surgery. Obesity was defined as a BMI >=  24. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank test were employed to perform survival analysis. The impact of different characteristics on survival was assessed by using Cox proportional-hazards regression model. RESULTS: In total 635 (37.4%) @entity1 were @entity28 , while 1 064 (62.6%) were @entity28 . Comparing the @entity5 characteristics in the two groups, the BMI >=  24 group showed a higher rate of older age (P < 0.001), postmenopausal status (P < 0.001), increased risk of lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.001) and less chances of accepting breast conservation surgery (P = 0.012). The median follow-up time was 16 months, and the estimated 16-months DFS was 98.1% for @entity28 and 95.0% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.007), the estimated 16-months @entity1349 was 99.4% for @entity28 and 98.4% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.004). The multivariate analysis indicated that @entity28 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity28 is associated with a poorer outcome in Chinese female @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Effect of body mass index on disease-free and @entity1349 in Chinese XXXX with @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The surgical treatment of acute @entity1580 remains a great challenge to all cardiac surgeons. From January 1991 to June 1993, 21 consecutive @entity1 (13 @entity1 and eight @entity1 , aged 34 to 74 years) underwent emergency operations to repair acute @entity1580 , with the aid of hypothermic @entity1167 . The intima tear was located in the ascending aorta in 13 @entity1 , in the aortic arch in five @entity1 , and in the descending aorta in three @entity1 . The dissected ascending aorta was replaced with sutureless, intraluminal vascular grafts in all 21 @entity1 . The intima tears in the aortic arch of five @entity1 were primarily repaired. Modified Cabrol's shunts were created in seven @entity1 for hemostasis, and Dacron grafts were used to wrap the ascending aorta in 18 @entity1 . Retrograde cerebral perfusion during @entity1167 was performed on 15 @entity1 . The @entity1167 time was 37 +/- 10 minutes (mean +/- SD). All @entity1 survived the operation and regained consciousness in the early postoperative period without @entity51 . Post-treatment follow-ups (mean, 18.2 months) were completed in all @entity1 except one, who died 12 months after the operation as a result of a traffic accident. All of the surviving @entity1 are doing well without any further aortic operations. Our experience suggests that surgical repair of the acute @entity1580 can be a simple and safe procedure if sutureless intraluminal grafts are used and hypothermic @entity1167 and retrograde cerebral perfusion are utilized.

title: Surgical treatment of acute XXXX with an intraluminal sutureless graft.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of @entity650 are associated with the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Their impact for @entity295 in the field of @entity740 was investigated. One control cohort of 115 @entity1 with @entity740 without @entity281 and another case cohort of 198 @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity295 were enrolled. Genotyping at the -174 ( @entity15147 ) and -572 positions of @entity650 ( @entity15146 ) was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Circulating @entity650 was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The GG genotype of @entity15146 was more frequent among cases (78.3  %) than controls (62.6  %). No difference in the genotype frequencies of @entity15147 between cases and controls were found. Odds ratio for @entity295 was 2.07 (95%CI 1.24-3.44, p   =   0.005) with the GG genotype of @entity15146 , which was confirmed by logistic regression analysis taking into consideration the presence of chronic comorbidities. All-cause mortality until day 28 was similar between @entity1 with the GG genotype and the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 , but death caused from cardiovascular events not-related with @entity281 was more frequent with the GG genotype (14.6  % vs 2.4  %, p   =   0.031). Circulating @entity650 was greater among @entity1 of the GC/CC genotypes of @entity15146 and multiple organ dysfunction (p   =   0.013). The GG genotype of @entity15146 predisposes to @entity295 in @entity740 and to 28-day mortality by @entity295 -unrelated @entity65 .

title: -572 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism of @entity650 and XXXX predisposition in @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular phenomena']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']