abstract: Tongue @entity2133 rinsing are basic treatment measures for @entity7868 , and as such are categorised as @entity34 ( @entity34 )-1. Although @entity34 -1 is used for treatment of physiologic @entity7868 treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic @entity1 must also be managed with @entity34 -1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological @entity7868 is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing. However, practitioners should always instruct their @entity1 on how to brush their tongues to prevent harmful effects. Another approach using a @entity1216 mouthwash is most effective in reducing oral malodour. However, @entity1216 should not be used routinely; therefore, @entity219 -containing mouthwashes have been recommended for use. @entity1 can also use chewing gum to reduce oral malodour. Surprisingly, however, it has been noted that sugarless chewing gum increased @entity24591 , one of the principal components of oral malodour. @entity3834 did not reduce the concentration of @entity5498 mercaptan either, although these products are widely used for their ability to mask oral malodour. There is a need for the development of a novel food or chewing gum that could considerably reduce VSC levels in mouth air to complement @entity34 -1.

title: Tongue @entity2133 rinsing as basic treatment measures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis']

entities_list: @entity24591 :: ('MESH:C005231', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl mercaptan']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['brushing and mouth']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'treatment needs']

answer: @entity7868 :: (MESH:D006209,Disease) :: ['halitosis']


abstract: Tongue @entity2133 rinsing are basic treatment measures for @entity7868 , and as such are categorised as @entity34 ( @entity34 )-1. Although @entity34 -1 is used for treatment of physiologic @entity7868 treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic @entity1 must also be managed with @entity34 -1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological @entity7868 is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing. However, practitioners should always instruct their @entity1 on how to brush their tongues to prevent harmful effects. Another approach using a @entity1216 mouthwash is most effective in reducing oral malodour. However, @entity1216 should not be used routinely; therefore, @entity219 -containing mouthwashes have been recommended for use. @entity1 can also use chewing gum to reduce oral malodour. Surprisingly, however, it has been noted that sugarless chewing gum increased @entity24591 , one of the principal components of oral malodour. @entity3834 did not reduce the concentration of @entity5498 mercaptan either, although these products are widely used for their ability to mask oral malodour. There is a need for the development of a novel food or chewing gum that could considerably reduce VSC levels in mouth air to complement @entity34 -1.

title: Tongue XXXX rinsing as basic treatment measures for @entity7868 .

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['brushing and mouth']


abstract: @entity6196 ( @entity6196 )- @entity2946 account for approximately 20% of all @entity1313 in @entity1 . @entity1129 is an @entity16 with predisposition to @entity5 . The most common @entity5 are @entity706 and @entity5 , including @entity1221 , @entity816 , and @entity2946 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity14050 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 , 13 @entity5 were screened for @entity14050 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity14050 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity5 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity70910 and @entity70911 were identified and in all 22 @entity5 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity14050 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity2946 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity14050 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 in @entity1 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity5 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: @entity14050 gene mutations are not involved in XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['PNET', 'Primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'solid tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['Ataxia-telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: @entity6196 ( @entity6196 )- @entity2946 account for approximately 20% of all @entity1313 in @entity1 . @entity1129 is an @entity16 with predisposition to @entity5 . The most common @entity5 are @entity706 and @entity5 , including @entity1221 , @entity816 , and @entity2946 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity14050 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 , 13 @entity5 were screened for @entity14050 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity14050 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity5 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity70910 and @entity70911 were identified and in all 22 @entity5 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity14050 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity2946 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity14050 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 in @entity1 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity5 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: XXXX gene mutations are not involved in @entity2946 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity14050 :: (472,Gene) :: ['ATM']


abstract: @entity6196 ( @entity6196 )- @entity2946 account for approximately 20% of all @entity1313 in @entity1 . @entity1129 is an @entity16 with predisposition to @entity5 . The most common @entity5 are @entity706 and @entity5 , including @entity1221 , @entity816 , and @entity2946 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity14050 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 , 13 @entity5 were screened for @entity14050 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity14050 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity5 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity70910 and @entity70911 were identified and in all 22 @entity5 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity14050 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity2946 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity14050 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2946 in @entity1 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity5 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: @entity14050 gene mutations are not involved in @entity2946 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1082 type 59 (HPV 59) is an oncogenic type related to HPV 18. HPV 59 was recently propagated in the athymic @entity19 xenograft system. A continuous keratinocyte cell line infected with HPV 59 was created from a foreskin xenograft grown in an athymic @entity19 . Cells were cultured beyond passage 50. The cells were highly pleomorphic, containing numerous abnormally shaped nuclei and mitotic figures. HPV 59 sequences were detected in the cells by DNA in situ hybridization in a diffuse nuclear distribution. Southern blots were consistent with an episomal state of HPV 59 DNA at approximately 50 copies per cell. Analysis of the cells using a PCR/reverse blot strip assay, which amplifies a portion of the L1 open reading frame, was strongly positive. Differentiation of cells in monolayers was induced by growth in F medium containing 2 mM @entity12374 for 10 days. Cells were harvested as a single tissue-like sheet, and histologic analysis revealed a four-to-six cell-thick layer. Transcripts encoding involucrin, a cornified envelope protein, and the @entity59467 viral transcripts were detected after several days of growth in F medium containing 2 mM @entity12374 . The @entity70912 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical analysis, and virus particles were seen in electron micrographs in a subset of differentiated cells. An extract of differentiated cells was prepared by vigorous sonication and was used to infect foreskin fragments. These fragments were implanted into athymic @entity19 . HPV 59 was detected in the foreskin xenografts removed 4 months later by DNA in situ hybridization and PCR/reverse blot assay. Thus, the complete viral growth cycle, including production on infectious virus, was demonstrated in the HPV 59 immortalized cells grown in a simple culture system.

title: XXXX type 59 immortalized keratinocytes express late viral proteins and infectious virus after calcium stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity2295 at the @entity79 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity95 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity79 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity1710 - @entity1711 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity94 ) and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity94 and @entity12914 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity94 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity12914 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity79 in @entity95 . The @entity2295 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity79 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces XXXX at the @entity79 . A study in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tendon-bone junction']

entities_list: @entity12914 :: ('100339381(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['neovascularization']


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity2295 at the @entity79 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity95 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity79 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity1710 - @entity1711 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity94 ) and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity94 and @entity12914 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity94 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity12914 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity79 in @entity95 . The @entity2295 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity79 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces @entity2295 at the @entity79 . A study in XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity2295 at the @entity79 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity95 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity79 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity1710 - @entity1711 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity94 ) and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity12914 ( @entity12914 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity94 and @entity12914 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity94 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity12914 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity2295 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity79 in @entity95 . The @entity2295 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity79 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces @entity2295 at the XXXX . A study in @entity95 .

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['tendon-bone junction']


abstract: Safety studies done with neotame, a sweetener with intense taste, demonstrate that changes in bodyweight (BW) and BW gain (BWG) are due to @entity146 (FC) rather than @entity137 . When offered a choice, @entity35 preferred basal diet to diet with relatively low concentrations of neotame. When no choice was available, @entity35 ate less as concentrations increased, demonstrating @entity2419 . Changes in dietary concentrations of neotame resulted in changes in FC. The maximum tolerable doses (MTDs) in @entity35 , @entity235 , and @entity19 were due to decreases in BWG secondary to poor palatability of diets when neotame concentrations exceeded approximately 35,000 ppm. Concentrations were increased as animals grew to maintain constant dosing on a "mg/kg bw/day" basis. Food conversion efficiency (FCE) was not changed in @entity35 during periods of active growth. The only consistent findings across safety studies were reductions in BW, BWG, and FC with no dose-response in @entity35 , @entity19 , and @entity235 . In definitive safety studies, there were no adverse findings related to neotame treatment from clinical observations, physical examinations, water consumption, or clinical pathology evaluations; nor was there morbidity, mortality, organ @entity137 , macroscopic or microscopic postmortem findings. Analysis of data from long-term studies in @entity35 support the conclusion that changes in FC alone can cause the observed changes in BWG in neotame studies when changes are scaled allometrically [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (2003)]. Consequently, BW parameters are not appropriate endpoints for setting no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) for neotame.

title: Food consumption and body weight changes with neotame, a new sweetener with intense taste: differentiating effects of palatability from XXXX in dietary safety studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced food consumption']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['reduced palatability']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity750 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity1576 after @entity519 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity519 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity3858 ( @entity750 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6009 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity1088 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity35 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity35 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity519 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity3858 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6009 (1 mg/kg), or @entity1088 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity519 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity35 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity3858 , @entity6009 , or @entity1088 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity3858 and @entity6009 but reduced in four of seven @entity1088 @entity35 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity3858 and @entity1088 but only attenuated by @entity6009 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity750 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: @entity750 receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent XXXX in awake @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['episodic hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory activity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity750 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity1576 after @entity519 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity519 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity3858 ( @entity750 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6009 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity1088 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity35 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity35 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity519 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity3858 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6009 (1 mg/kg), or @entity1088 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity519 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity35 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity3858 , @entity6009 , or @entity1088 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity3858 and @entity6009 but reduced in four of seven @entity1088 @entity35 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity3858 and @entity1088 but only attenuated by @entity6009 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity750 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: XXXX receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent @entity519 in awake @entity35 .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity750 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity1576 after @entity519 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity519 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity3858 ( @entity750 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6009 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity1088 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity35 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity35 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity519 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity3858 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6009 (1 mg/kg), or @entity1088 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity519 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity35 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity3858 , @entity6009 , or @entity1088 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity3858 and @entity6009 but reduced in four of seven @entity1088 @entity35 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity3858 and @entity1088 but only attenuated by @entity6009 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity750 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: @entity750 receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent @entity519 in awake XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity3969 is the most common pediatric primary @entity703 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity1 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity1 with prior history of @entity3969 and significant @entity353 due to radiation @entity3468 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of @entity353 and severe @entity3147 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity3468 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7752 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity881 .

title: Radiation @entity3468 following treatment for @entity3969 : an unusual case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: @entity3969 is the most common pediatric primary @entity703 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity1 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity1 with prior history of @entity3969 and significant @entity353 due to radiation @entity3468 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of @entity353 and severe @entity3147 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity3468 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7752 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity881 .

title: Radiation XXXX following treatment for @entity3969 : an unusual case of @entity353 .

answer: @entity3468 :: (MESH:D001167,Disease) :: ['arteritis']


abstract: @entity3969 is the most common pediatric primary @entity703 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity1 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity1 with prior history of @entity3969 and significant @entity353 due to radiation @entity3468 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of @entity353 and severe @entity3147 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity3468 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7752 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity881 .

title: Radiation @entity3468 following treatment for XXXX : an unusual case of @entity353 .

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study sought to investigate the use of transthoracic Doppler harmonic echocardiography (TTDHE) to evaluate changes in coronary flow dynamics due to @entity409 . BACKGROUND: Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measurements by TTDHE are useful for assessing @entity3979 . It remains unclear, however, if @entity66 can be detected. METHODS: In 54 @entity1 with @entity662 , intracoronary Doppler (ICD) and TTDHE were used to measure average peak velocity at baseline and @entity450 . Significant @entity301 had been ruled out by both angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Comparative measurements were performed in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery after intracoronary and intravenous administration of @entity859 , and CFVR was calculated. @entity101 @entity1 (n = 25) were studied and compared to a control group (26 normotensive individuals). RESULTS: Three @entity1 (5%) had to be excluded because of insufficient image quality or side effects. In both groups, TTDHE-derived CFVR data correlated closely with ICD measurements (group 1: y = 0.67x + 0.076, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 0.25, r = 0.87, p < 0.001; group 2: y = 0.64x + 1.11, SEE = 0.26, r = 0.87, p < 0.001). CFVR was lower in @entity101 than in normotensive controls (2.44 +/- 0.49 vs. 3.33 +/- 0.40, p < 0.001, cut point = 2.84). CONCLUSIONS: The newly described echocardiographic method is suitable for assessing @entity409 noninvasively and corresponds well to invasive measurements.

title: Noninvasive assessment of microvascular function in arterial XXXX by transthoracic Doppler harmonic echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery stenoses']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the experiences of @entity1 with @entity1020 within the British healthcare system. METHOD: The @entity1020 Society Questionnaire, a self completion questionnaire designed to survey the experiences of @entity1 with @entity1020 , was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of the @entity1020 Society. The questionnaire incorporated items about @entity1 's experiences with health professionals and the information and support provided by them at the time of diagnosis and thereafter. RESULTS: Over 50% thought their consultant eye specialist was not interested in them as a @entity1 and 40% were dissatisfied with their diagnostic consultation. 185 @entity1 thought their general practitioner (GP) was well informed about @entity1020 but twice as many @entity1 thought their GP was not well informed. About an equal number of @entity1 thought their GP was supportive as those who thought their GP was not supportive. A total of 1247 @entity1 were told "nothing can be done to help with your @entity1020 ." A number of negative emotional reactions were experienced by those @entity1 as a result, with 61% of them reporting feeling anxious or @entity308 . Of 282 @entity1 experiencing @entity1833 after diagnosis with @entity1020 , only 20.9% were offered explanations for them. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity1020 have unsatisfactory experiences of the healthcare system. Many of the reasons for dissatisfaction could be resolved by healthcare professionals if they were better informed about @entity1020 and had a better understanding of and empathy with @entity1 ' experiences.

title: Perceived quality of health care in XXXX : a survey of members of the @entity1020 Society.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular disease', 'Macular Disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular disease']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the experiences of @entity1 with @entity1020 within the British healthcare system. METHOD: The @entity1020 Society Questionnaire, a self completion questionnaire designed to survey the experiences of @entity1 with @entity1020 , was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of the @entity1020 Society. The questionnaire incorporated items about @entity1 's experiences with health professionals and the information and support provided by them at the time of diagnosis and thereafter. RESULTS: Over 50% thought their consultant eye specialist was not interested in them as a @entity1 and 40% were dissatisfied with their diagnostic consultation. 185 @entity1 thought their general practitioner (GP) was well informed about @entity1020 but twice as many @entity1 thought their GP was not well informed. About an equal number of @entity1 thought their GP was supportive as those who thought their GP was not supportive. A total of 1247 @entity1 were told "nothing can be done to help with your @entity1020 ." A number of negative emotional reactions were experienced by those @entity1 as a result, with 61% of them reporting feeling anxious or @entity308 . Of 282 @entity1 experiencing @entity1833 after diagnosis with @entity1020 , only 20.9% were offered explanations for them. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity1020 have unsatisfactory experiences of the healthcare system. Many of the reasons for dissatisfaction could be resolved by healthcare professionals if they were better informed about @entity1020 and had a better understanding of and empathy with @entity1 ' experiences.

title: Perceived quality of health care in @entity1020 : a survey of members of the XXXX Society.

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Th2 immune response in the nasal mucosa of subjects with @entity2023 is mediated by allergen-specific IgE. Moreover, these subjects show positive responses for markers of systemic @entity402 , including allergen-specific skin sensitivity and raised serum IgE titres. In contrast, idiopathic @entity2490 (IR) subjects with similar histological nasal mucosal features differ in being defined as non-allergic because they have negative @entity1097 responses. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that it is possible to have an allergic Th2 disease pathway localized in the nasal mucosa of 'non-allergic' @entity2490 subjects despite an absence of @entity1097 responses. METHODS: The presence of house dust mite and grass pollen-specific IgE antibodies was investigated in non- @entity1097 (n=10) and @entity1097 (n=11) subjects with persistent @entity2490 and compared to normal (n=12) control subjects. Biotin-labelled allergen was used to localize specific allergen-binding antibodies in situ in sections of nasal mucosa. RESULTS: Grass pollen allergen binding was detected in the nasal mucosa of 3/10 non- @entity1097 IR subjects but, in contrast, dust mite-specific antibodies were not detected. Specific antibodies were present in a total of 8/11 mucosal samples from the allergic group, but none was detected in normal control tissues. CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept of localized nasal @entity566 in 'non- @entity1097 ' @entity2490 subjects. We propose the term 'entopy' to define this phenomenon and believe that this concept has a wider implication for localized allergic responses in other mucosal sites.

title: 'Entopy': localized mucosal allergic disease in the absence of systemic responses for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 (two @entity1 ) with @entity174 (19 open) were treated in our institution with a mean age of 38.9 years (range 22-67 years) and a mean Injury Severity Score of 11.5 (9-34). Sixteen @entity174 were stabilised initially with an interlocking nail, seven with an external fixator, one with a hybrid external fixator, two cases were plated and one was treated in plaster. The mean size of the segment was 11.5 cm (range 4-20 cm). Soft tissue coverage was required in 17 cases. There were three cases of @entity2054 , six cases of superficial @entity281 cases (two of which required amputation). In four cases, excision of the non-viable segment was necessary. Overall, 13 @entity1 were subjected to a second operative procedure (OP) (four external fixators were replaced with the AO solid tibial nail, two Ilizarov bone transports following excision of the dead bone segment, 2 below knee amputations, 3 exchange reamed nailings, 1 LISS plate application for stability and 1 ring fixator for compression of a @entity174 ). Five @entity1 underwent third procedure (two Ilizarov for bone transport, two exchange nailing, and one bone grafting). The mean time to union of the proximal segment was 38.8 weeks (range 10-78 weeks) and 41.4 weeks (range 12-65 weeks) for the distal segment, respectively. The treatment of @entity174 poses many problems to the surgeon due to the precarious blood supply of the intermediate segment. The risk of non-union delayed union, @entity281 and additional procedures is high as seen in this series of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : an assessment of procedures in 27 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection and four deep infection']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'segmental tibial fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Segmental tibial fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a dedicated monitoring protocol on the incidence of pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity1468 , @entity2102 [ @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, low platelets] syndrome, @entity101 ) during a 5-year period in 417 @entity1 with multiple gestations. METHODS: At the Department of Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine, Vienna University, an outpatient care protocol for @entity1 with @entity2099 was established. Between March 1997 and February 2002, 379 twins and 38 triplets were followed up. Mean visits of dichorial and monochorial twins were nine and 11, respectively. Triplets were asked to at least 12 follow-up visits. RESULTS: Any kind of pregnancy-associated @entity101 disorders necessitating cesarean delivery developed in eight @entity1 (seven with twins, one with triplets; 1.76%). Three cases of @entity1468 , three cases of @entity2102 , and two cases of pregnancy-induced @entity101 were diagnosed. Perinatal outcome of all 17 newborns was excellent without any mortality and only minor morbidity. All mothers left the hospital in a fully recovered condition. CONCLUSION: Because of our results we hypothesize that our monitoring protocol with frequent visits, continuous personal obstetric care, and timed delivery is effective in reduction of pregnancy-induced @entity101 in @entity2099 .

title: @entity1468 in XXXX by a dedicated monitoring protocol.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['gestational hypertension', 'hypertension', 'hypertension disorders', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['multiple pregnancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a dedicated monitoring protocol on the incidence of pregnancy-induced @entity101 ( @entity1468 , @entity2102 [ @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, low platelets] syndrome, @entity101 ) during a 5-year period in 417 @entity1 with multiple gestations. METHODS: At the Department of Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine, Vienna University, an outpatient care protocol for @entity1 with @entity2099 was established. Between March 1997 and February 2002, 379 twins and 38 triplets were followed up. Mean visits of dichorial and monochorial twins were nine and 11, respectively. Triplets were asked to at least 12 follow-up visits. RESULTS: Any kind of pregnancy-associated @entity101 disorders necessitating cesarean delivery developed in eight @entity1 (seven with twins, one with triplets; 1.76%). Three cases of @entity1468 , three cases of @entity2102 , and two cases of pregnancy-induced @entity101 were diagnosed. Perinatal outcome of all 17 newborns was excellent without any mortality and only minor morbidity. All mothers left the hospital in a fully recovered condition. CONCLUSION: Because of our results we hypothesize that our monitoring protocol with frequent visits, continuous personal obstetric care, and timed delivery is effective in reduction of pregnancy-induced @entity101 in @entity2099 .

title: XXXX in @entity2099 by a dedicated monitoring protocol.

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['Reduction of preeclampsia']


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell-restricted knockout of the @entity3239 results in @entity4854 due to @entity73 , suggesting that this cell is an important target of insulin action. The present studies were undertaken in beta-cell @entity3239 knockout (betaIRKO) @entity19 to define the mechanisms underlying the defect in insulin secretion. On the basis of responses to intraperitoneal @entity413 , approximately 7-mo-old betaIRKO @entity19 were either @entity6 (25%) or normally @entity413 tolerant (75%). Total insulin content was profoundly reduced in pancreata of mutant @entity19 compared with controls. Both groups also exhibited reduced beta-cell mass and islet number. However, insulin mRNA and protein were similar in islets of @entity6 and normoglycemic betaIRKO @entity19 compared with controls. Insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues from the isolated perfused pancreas was markedly reduced in the @entity6 and to a lesser degree in the nondiabetic betaIRKO group. Pancreatic islets of nondiabetic betaIRKO animals also exhibited defects in @entity30006 - and @entity4338 -stimulated insulin release that were milder than in the @entity6 animals. Gene expression analysis of islets revealed a modest reduction of @entity41341 and @entity52378 gene expression in both the nondiabetic and @entity6 mutants. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of functional receptors for insulin in beta-cells leads primarily to profound defects in postnatal beta-cell growth. In addition, altered @entity413 sensing may also contribute to defective insulin secretion in mutant animals that develop @entity6 .

title: Reduced beta-cell mass and altered XXXX sensing impair insulin-secretory function in betaIRKO @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic betaIRKOs']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretion']

entities_list: @entity30006 :: ('MESH:D005985', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell-restricted knockout of the @entity3239 results in @entity4854 due to @entity73 , suggesting that this cell is an important target of insulin action. The present studies were undertaken in beta-cell @entity3239 knockout (betaIRKO) @entity19 to define the mechanisms underlying the defect in insulin secretion. On the basis of responses to intraperitoneal @entity413 , approximately 7-mo-old betaIRKO @entity19 were either @entity6 (25%) or normally @entity413 tolerant (75%). Total insulin content was profoundly reduced in pancreata of mutant @entity19 compared with controls. Both groups also exhibited reduced beta-cell mass and islet number. However, insulin mRNA and protein were similar in islets of @entity6 and normoglycemic betaIRKO @entity19 compared with controls. Insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues from the isolated perfused pancreas was markedly reduced in the @entity6 and to a lesser degree in the nondiabetic betaIRKO group. Pancreatic islets of nondiabetic betaIRKO animals also exhibited defects in @entity30006 - and @entity4338 -stimulated insulin release that were milder than in the @entity6 animals. Gene expression analysis of islets revealed a modest reduction of @entity41341 and @entity52378 gene expression in both the nondiabetic and @entity6 mutants. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of functional receptors for insulin in beta-cells leads primarily to profound defects in postnatal beta-cell growth. In addition, altered @entity413 sensing may also contribute to defective insulin secretion in mutant animals that develop @entity6 .

title: Reduced beta-cell mass and altered @entity413 sensing impair insulin-secretory function in betaIRKO XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this single institution Phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy of the @entity560 analogue, @entity46822 , in @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity1 initially received @entity46822 at 12.5 micro g p.o. every day, which was dose adjusted for @entity2741 . Given the cytostatic nature of the drug, the primary study end point was progression-free survival for a minimum of 6 months. The secondary end point was further characterization of @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 was enrolled. Using the intent-to-treat population, stable disease was seen for an average of 19.2 weeks (median 12 weeks, range 3-108 weeks). Twenty @entity1 were evaluable for response. The one @entity1 that achieved disease stabilization for >2 years elected to come off-study because of @entity1 preference. His last disease evaluation showed no evidence of progression. No objective responses were seen. Previous and ongoing clinical observations strongly imply that @entity1486 could be a misleading surrogate marker for clinical effect with this type of drug. Therefore, @entity1486 was not used as a marker for disease response. @entity137 was as expected with mild @entity2741 and associated symptoms like @entity1142 and @entity2629 seen in some @entity1 . Six (30%) evaluable @entity1 experienced stable disease for >6 months, suggesting possible cytostatic activity. CONCLUSION: The results of this and other trials suggest further clinical investigation in this disease with @entity560 analogues alone or in combination with other agents, such as chemotherapy, should be pursued.

title: Phase II study of @entity46822 in the treatment of advanced androgen-independent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2629 :: ('MESH:D053099', 'Disease') :: ['prerenal azotemia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this single institution Phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy of the @entity560 analogue, @entity46822 , in @entity1 with advanced @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity1 initially received @entity46822 at 12.5 micro g p.o. every day, which was dose adjusted for @entity2741 . Given the cytostatic nature of the drug, the primary study end point was progression-free survival for a minimum of 6 months. The secondary end point was further characterization of @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity1 was enrolled. Using the intent-to-treat population, stable disease was seen for an average of 19.2 weeks (median 12 weeks, range 3-108 weeks). Twenty @entity1 were evaluable for response. The one @entity1 that achieved disease stabilization for >2 years elected to come off-study because of @entity1 preference. His last disease evaluation showed no evidence of progression. No objective responses were seen. Previous and ongoing clinical observations strongly imply that @entity1486 could be a misleading surrogate marker for clinical effect with this type of drug. Therefore, @entity1486 was not used as a marker for disease response. @entity137 was as expected with mild @entity2741 and associated symptoms like @entity1142 and @entity2629 seen in some @entity1 . Six (30%) evaluable @entity1 experienced stable disease for >6 months, suggesting possible cytostatic activity. CONCLUSION: The results of this and other trials suggest further clinical investigation in this disease with @entity560 analogues alone or in combination with other agents, such as chemotherapy, should be pursued.

title: Phase II study of XXXX in the treatment of advanced androgen-independent @entity263 .

answer: @entity46822 :: (MESH:C042533,Chemical) :: ['1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2)']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this Phase I, dose-seeking study, we investigated the dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of oral @entity1945 in @entity1 with @entity1583 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity2590 , @entity6961 , or relapsed @entity3052 were treated with 0.6-1.9 mg/m(2)/day oral @entity1945 for 5 consecutive days on and 2 days off, for 3 weeks (15 doses/course) followed by 2-4 weeks of rest. The DLTs occurring during the first course of treatment were considered for defining the MTD. Preliminary results of antitumor activity were assessed by examining bone marrow status and peripheral blood cell counts. RESULTS: All 26 @entity1 enrolled in the study were evaluable for @entity137 , and 24 @entity1 were evaluable for response. A total of 54 courses were administered. The most frequently reported nonhematological @entity137 (percentage of courses) were @entity294 (57%), @entity1209 (50%), @entity1295 (24%), and @entity33 (9%). DLTs included grade 3 or 4 @entity1209 and @entity294 at 1.9 mg/m(2)/day. The MTD for oral @entity1945 in @entity1 with @entity1583 was defined at 1.4 mg/m(2)/day. @entity1503 was noted in all 26 @entity1 and with all courses but was not considered dose-limiting. Four (17%) @entity1 achieved a complete response, and six (25%) @entity1 experienced hematological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Protracted administration of oral @entity1945 is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1583 . At the dose-schedule used, single-agent oral @entity1945 has a definite activity in @entity1 with @entity2590 and @entity3052 and warrants further investigation alone or in combination with other agents.

title: Phase I study of oral @entity1945 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this Phase I, dose-seeking study, we investigated the dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of oral @entity1945 in @entity1 with @entity1583 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity2590 , @entity6961 , or relapsed @entity3052 were treated with 0.6-1.9 mg/m(2)/day oral @entity1945 for 5 consecutive days on and 2 days off, for 3 weeks (15 doses/course) followed by 2-4 weeks of rest. The DLTs occurring during the first course of treatment were considered for defining the MTD. Preliminary results of antitumor activity were assessed by examining bone marrow status and peripheral blood cell counts. RESULTS: All 26 @entity1 enrolled in the study were evaluable for @entity137 , and 24 @entity1 were evaluable for response. A total of 54 courses were administered. The most frequently reported nonhematological @entity137 (percentage of courses) were @entity294 (57%), @entity1209 (50%), @entity1295 (24%), and @entity33 (9%). DLTs included grade 3 or 4 @entity1209 and @entity294 at 1.9 mg/m(2)/day. The MTD for oral @entity1945 in @entity1 with @entity1583 was defined at 1.4 mg/m(2)/day. @entity1503 was noted in all 26 @entity1 and with all courses but was not considered dose-limiting. Four (17%) @entity1 achieved a complete response, and six (25%) @entity1 experienced hematological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Protracted administration of oral @entity1945 is safe and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1583 . At the dose-schedule used, single-agent oral @entity1945 has a definite activity in @entity1 with @entity2590 and @entity3052 and warrants further investigation alone or in combination with other agents.

title: Phase I study of oral XXXX in @entity1583 .

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. These abnormalities may play a role in the clinical course of the disease, because HLA antigens mediate interactions of @entity5 cells with T cells and natural killer cells. @entity2184 is a highly @entity5 and is characterized by hematogenic spread to liver. Antigen-processing molecules (APMs) are necessary for efficient expression of HLA class I antigens. We studied the expression of HLA antigens and the APM in @entity2184 by immunohistochemistry and correlated clinicopathologically. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1531 , @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), HLA class II antigens, and the APM comprising proteasomal subunits low molecular mass polypeptide ( @entity10553 , beta-subunit of LMP2-Delta, @entity8459 , transporter associated protein 1 subunit, and chaperone molecules tapasin and calnexin were studied in 41 primary @entity2184 archival specimens by immunohistochemistry. Immunoanalysis was done by a semiquantitative method and correlated with extrascleral extension, cell types, and the @entity5 diameter. RESULTS: @entity1531 , @entity2262 , HLA class II antigen, and the APM were decreased (negative staining in 29 @entity5 and dull staining in 3 @entity5 ) in 100% (32 of 32) @entity2184 with no extrascleral extension. (P = 0.01) and positive (bright staining) in 67% (4 of 9) @entity5 with liver @entity3 . Decreased immunoexpression of HLA antigens and the APM was seen in nonepithelioid cell @entity320 . There was no correlation with @entity5 diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest decreased expression of HLA, and APM are seen in @entity2184 with no extrascleral extension and in nonepithelioid cell @entity320 . Decreased expression of APM may contribute to decreased @entity1531 expression.

title: Major histocompatibility antigens and antigen-processing molecules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor of the eye', 'largest tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['Uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation are the most common treatments for @entity263 . Given the absence of clinical consensus in favor of one treatment or the other, relative costs may be a significant factor. This study compares the direct medical costs during the month before and 9 months after diagnosis for @entity1 treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy for @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 age 65 or older and coded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as having been diagnosed with @entity263 treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy during 1992 and 1993 were identified. The initial treatment costs, as measured by Medicare-approved payment amounts, for each strategy were analyzed using linked SEER-Medicare claims data after adjusting for differences in comorbidity and age. An intent-to-treat analysis was also performed to adjust for differences in staging between the two groups. RESULTS: For @entity1 in the treatment-received analysis, the average costs were significantly different;  14,048 (95% confidence interval [CI],  13,765 to  14,330) for radiation therapy and  17,226 (95% CI,  16,891 to  17,560) for radical prostatectomy (P <.001). The average costs for @entity1 in the intent-to-treat analysis were also significantly less for radiation therapy @entity1 ( 14,048; 95% CI,  13,765 to  14,330) than for those who underwent radical prostatectomy ( 17,516; 95% CI,  17,195 to  17,837; P <.001). CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity5 , average costs during the initial treatment interval were at least 23% greater for radical prostatectomy than for external-beam radiation. Major limitations of the research include not studying costs after the initial treatment interval and questionable current applicability, given changes in management of early @entity263 .

title: Comparing the costs of radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy for the initial treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']


abstract: Metabolic programming in utero due to maternal undernutrition is considered to increase the risk of @entity66 in offspring. It is therefore of relevance to investigate how dietary supplementation of specific nutrients can ameliorate the negative effects of maternal @entity3147 . We examined the effects of supplementing fish oil or @entity1501 , both of which are conventional supplements in maternal intervention, on risk factors in the offspring as adults. Pregnant female @entity35 from 4 groups (n = 6/group) were fed casein diets with 18 g/100 g protein (control diet), 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 8 mg @entity1501 /kg diet (0.08 mg/kg diet) ( @entity24344 ), 12 g/100 g protein without @entity1501 ( @entity10697 ) or 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 7 g/100 g fish oil (FOIL). Pups were weaned to a standard laboratory diet with 18 g/100 g protein. Serum @entity413 , insulin and @entity165 and plasma @entity1255 levels were measured in the offspring at 6 and 11 mo of age. Serum @entity413 in 11-mo-old male and female pups was greater (P < 0.05) in both the @entity24344 (males 2.46 +/- 0.51, females 2.49 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) and @entity10697 groups (2.48 +/- 0.28 and 2.67 +/- 0.41 mmol/L) than in controls (2.03 +/- 0.15 and 2.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/L). Serum insulin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the @entity10697 group (males 1476 +/- 317, females 1441 +/- 220 pmol/L) but were lower in males from the @entity24344 group (483 +/- 165 pmol/L) compared with controls (males 917 +/- 373, females 981 +/- 264 pmol/L). @entity413 and insulin concentrations did not differ between the control and FOIL groups. Plasma @entity1255 levels were lower (P < 0.05) only in 11-mo-old @entity1501 -deficient males; none of the other groups differed from the controls. Maternal supplementation of fish oil to a diet containing marginal protein was beneficial in maintaining circulating @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 and @entity1255 levels in the offspring as adults.

title: Fish oil supplementation of @entity35 during pregnancy reduces XXXX risks in their offspring.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['adult diseases']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['adult disease']


abstract: Metabolic programming in utero due to maternal undernutrition is considered to increase the risk of @entity66 in offspring. It is therefore of relevance to investigate how dietary supplementation of specific nutrients can ameliorate the negative effects of maternal @entity3147 . We examined the effects of supplementing fish oil or @entity1501 , both of which are conventional supplements in maternal intervention, on risk factors in the offspring as adults. Pregnant female @entity35 from 4 groups (n = 6/group) were fed casein diets with 18 g/100 g protein (control diet), 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 8 mg @entity1501 /kg diet (0.08 mg/kg diet) ( @entity24344 ), 12 g/100 g protein without @entity1501 ( @entity10697 ) or 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 7 g/100 g fish oil (FOIL). Pups were weaned to a standard laboratory diet with 18 g/100 g protein. Serum @entity413 , insulin and @entity165 and plasma @entity1255 levels were measured in the offspring at 6 and 11 mo of age. Serum @entity413 in 11-mo-old male and female pups was greater (P < 0.05) in both the @entity24344 (males 2.46 +/- 0.51, females 2.49 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) and @entity10697 groups (2.48 +/- 0.28 and 2.67 +/- 0.41 mmol/L) than in controls (2.03 +/- 0.15 and 2.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/L). Serum insulin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the @entity10697 group (males 1476 +/- 317, females 1441 +/- 220 pmol/L) but were lower in males from the @entity24344 group (483 +/- 165 pmol/L) compared with controls (males 917 +/- 373, females 981 +/- 264 pmol/L). @entity413 and insulin concentrations did not differ between the control and FOIL groups. Plasma @entity1255 levels were lower (P < 0.05) only in 11-mo-old @entity1501 -deficient males; none of the other groups differed from the controls. Maternal supplementation of fish oil to a diet containing marginal protein was beneficial in maintaining circulating @entity413 , insulin, @entity165 and @entity1255 levels in the offspring as adults.

title: Fish oil supplementation of XXXX during pregnancy reduces @entity66 risks in their offspring.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetics remain a high-risk group for those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty and/or intracoronary stents for myocardial revascularization. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics, demographics, procedure indications, lesion characteristics, and acute and long-term outcomes between @entity6 @entity1 and non- @entity6 @entity1 in a community based PCI registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Information on @entity1 demographics, coronary risk factors, lesion characteristics, procedures, and outcomes were derived from an HCA, Inc. database on all @entity1 undergoing a PCI procedure in one of four community cardiac catheterization laboratories (CCL). A total of 3,139 @entity1 who underwent PCI procedures from July 1, 1999 through September 30, 2000 were enrolled in this study. Approximately one-third of these @entity1 completed a follow-up survey one year after their initial encounter. Analysis was limited to those @entity1 undergoing PCI of native vessels with stents or conventional balloon angioplasty; @entity1 with @entity75 in bypass grafts or those treated with atherectomy were excluded. Approximately 23.5% of the @entity1 enrolled in the study were @entity6 . This study found no significant difference in any acute outcome between @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 in the hospital episode associated with the index PCI procedure. However, data from the 1-year follow-up survey indicates @entity6 @entity1 tended to have more @entity75 revascularization (TLR) (13.6% versus 8.9%; p = 0.07) and more target vessel revascularization (TVR) (17.6% versus 12.7%; p = 0.058) than non- @entity6 @entity1 . In addition, adjusted odds ratios indicate that @entity6 @entity1 were 1.6 times more likely to have a second PCI procedure in another vessel (p = 0.013), 2.4 times more likely to undergo bypass surgery (p = 0.003), 1.9 times more likely to undergo an additional revascularization procedure (p < 0.001) and 1.8 times more likely to experience any major adverse @entity299 (p < 0.001) than non- @entity6 @entity1 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that selected @entity6 @entity1 can be treated for myocardial revascularization using PCI procedures with acceptable acute outcomes. However, @entity6 @entity1 undergoing PCIs have significantly more disease progression and are more likely to experience the need for recurrent revascularization.

title: The influence of XXXX on the practice and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in the community: a report from the HCA database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions', 'target lesion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of combined manipulative treatment, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared with physician consultation alone for @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Strong evidence exists that manual therapy provides more effective short-term @entity158 relief than does placebo treatment in the management of @entity1643 . The evidence for long-term effect is lacking. METHODS: Two hundred four @entity1643 @entity1 , whose @entity717 index was at least 16%, were randomly assigned to either a manipulative-treatment group or a consultation group. All were clinically examined, informed about their back @entity158 , provided with an educational booklet, and were given specific instructions based on the clinical evaluation. The treatment included four sessions of manipulation and stabilizing exercises aiming to correct the lumbopelvic rhythm. Questionnaires inquired about @entity158 intensity, self-rated disability, @entity308 , health-related quality of life, health care costs, and production costs. RESULTS: At the baseline, the groups were comparable, except for the percentage of employees (P = 0.01). At the 5- and 12-month follow-ups, the manipulative-treatment group showed more significant reductions in @entity158 intensity (P < 0.001) and in self-rated disability (P = 0.002) than the consultation group. However, we detected no significant difference between the groups in health-related quality of life or in costs. CONCLUSIONS: The manipulative treatment with stabilizing exercises was more effective in reducing @entity158 intensity and disability than the physician consultation alone. The present study showed that short, specific treatment programs with proper @entity1 information may alter the course of @entity1643 .

title: A randomized trial of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['mental depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Technology development and prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Develop instrumentation for discrete, reliable, and objective measurement of brace use patterns between routine follow-ups and without @entity1 involvement. BACKGROUND DATA: To understand spinal bracing efficacy and clinical effectiveness in the conservative treatment of @entity1615 , it is essential to measure and record such confounding variables as spinal physiology, force distribution, and compliance. Historically, compliance was measured using @entity1 interviews, pad/strap forces, or temperature. These measurements were subjective, limited to laboratory or short-term monitoring only, required @entity1 intervention, or lacked date/time recording. METHODS: Custom-fitted nonperforated thoracic lumbar sacral orthoses were instrumented with discrete data loggers to measure and record temperature at the skin-brace interface at 16-minute date/time-stamped intervals for up to 88-day periods without @entity1 involvement. Ten female @entity1 (age 15 years, SD 1.2) with @entity1615 who had spinal bracing as part of their treatment regimen took part in the study over 14 months, SD 4.5 months. RESULTS: Compliance with the treatment regimen ranged from 8% to 90%, average 65%. @entity1 tended to overestimate their compliance by 150% (SD 50%). There was no significant difference between weekday and weekend compliance but wear patterns differed. Night wear was significantly greater than day wear (P < 0.01). @entity1 with very good compliance only removed their brace for washing or exercise periods, but where poor compliance was evident, the brace was only worn sporadically during the day. CONCLUSIONS: Temperature provides a clear signal of the time in brace and can be used for long-term data logging using discrete instrumentation, providing a tool to help identify and understand the reasons behind poor compliance.

title: The objective measurement of spinal orthosis use for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A historic cohort study of the sagittal alignment in 33 consecutive @entity1 with surgically corrected @entity8322 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if postsurgical imbalance, @entity893 , and @entity530 in @entity1 with @entity8322 is related to tight hamstrings. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Tight hamstrings are a frequent sign in @entity8322 . The importance of tight hamstrings in the surgical management of @entity8322 has not yet been studied. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 with @entity8322 were managed by surgical correction and fusion. Tight hamstrings, lumbar-pelvic range of motion, and sagittal balance were evaluated. Sixteen @entity1 had tight hamstrings, and 17 @entity1 had nontight hamstrings. Hamstrings were considered tight if the popliteal angle was >30 degrees. RESULTS: @entity1 with tight hamstrings have a significantly greater risk of postoperative imbalance (P = 0.05), and these @entity1 can only compensate for this risk by reducing their lumbar @entity1515 (P = 0.0227). Furthermore, the limitations in the lumbar and pelvic range of motion are predicted by tight hamstrings (P <or= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Tight hamstrings can be considered as an important factor in the surgical management of @entity8322 . Tight hamstring @entity1 can be classified as "lumbar compensators" and as such are prone to overcorrection and imbalance. Preoperative assessment of the lumbar-pelvic range of motion and tight hamstrings should therefore be advised. Extensive fusion of the lumbar segments might compromise the lumbar compensation mechanism and induces further risk of imbalance.

title: XXXX : the importance of tight hamstrings in the surgical correction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic Scheuermann kyphosis', 'Scheuermann kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lumbar-pelvic range of motion']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal malalignment']

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of a 27-year-old female with @entity3057 at the lower lumbar spine presenting @entity614 with a drop foot. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of cases of @entity3057 occur at the lower third of the thoracic or the thoracolumbar spine. There are only a few reports of @entity3057 in the lumbar spine and @entity614 due to @entity3057 at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels is very uncommon. METHODS: A 27-year-old female with a prior @entity174 of posterior ring apophysis of L5 presented with leg @entity158 and a drop foot. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated stenosis with compression of the cauda equina at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. RESULTS: Decompressive laminectomy of L5 and removal of the ossified yellow ligaments were performed. Histologic examination of en bloc specimen of @entity3057 revealed degenerative changes of the elastic fibers in the yellow ligament with adjacent chondrosis and ossification. The @entity1 's severe leg @entity158 disappeared completely, although the extent of the drop foot had not fully recovered at the final follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of @entity3057 in the present case was unclear. The @entity1 did not have any previous generalized disorders besides the history of a ring apophysial @entity174 or any family history of treatment for @entity3057 or @entity3057 . Therefore, localized mechanical stress might have influenced the development of @entity3057 at lower lumbar spine.

title: XXXX due to ossification of the yellow ligament at the lower lumbar spine.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament', 'ossification of yellow ligament']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Radiculopathy']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Dynamic visual acuity testing (DVAT) and the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI) can be used as reliable outcome measures in @entity1 after @entity542 . BACKGROUND: Balance disorders are a significant disability after mild @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Assessing when individuals can perform activities of daily living, return to work, and begin to play sports can be difficult to determine. Objective outcome measures that correlate with successful life skills can be useful in managing these @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three active duty individuals who suffered mild @entity131 underwent weekly DVAT testing and were administered a weekly DHI. Results in this group were compared with 46 control subjects who had not experienced @entity131 . In addition, weekly scores were compared with the @entity1 's functional level, time to return to work, and time to perform all job related activities. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity131 showed an overall increase of 42% in DVAT function over the first 4 weeks of testing, whereas controls showed an 8% increase. Concurrently, individuals with @entity131 averaged a 18-point improvement in DHI function, whereas control subjects showed no significant change in this score. Improvement in DVAT and DHI function correlated closely at the 1-week time point. Improvement in the @entity1 's cognitive function, ability to return to activities of daily living, and ability to return to work gradually improved continuously. CONCLUSION: DVAT and the DHI can be used as reliable outcome measures in evaluating the progress of @entity1 with @entity74 associated with @entity131 . These measures allow providers to make more reliable recommendations regarding such activities as returning to work.

title: Objective vestibular tests as outcome measures in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorders']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Dynamic visual acuity testing (DVAT) and the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI) can be used as reliable outcome measures in @entity1 after @entity542 . BACKGROUND: Balance disorders are a significant disability after mild @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Assessing when individuals can perform activities of daily living, return to work, and begin to play sports can be difficult to determine. Objective outcome measures that correlate with successful life skills can be useful in managing these @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-three active duty individuals who suffered mild @entity131 underwent weekly DVAT testing and were administered a weekly DHI. Results in this group were compared with 46 control subjects who had not experienced @entity131 . In addition, weekly scores were compared with the @entity1 's functional level, time to return to work, and time to perform all job related activities. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity131 showed an overall increase of 42% in DVAT function over the first 4 weeks of testing, whereas controls showed an 8% increase. Concurrently, individuals with @entity131 averaged a 18-point improvement in DHI function, whereas control subjects showed no significant change in this score. Improvement in DVAT and DHI function correlated closely at the 1-week time point. Improvement in the @entity1 's cognitive function, ability to return to activities of daily living, and ability to return to work gradually improved continuously. CONCLUSION: DVAT and the DHI can be used as reliable outcome measures in evaluating the progress of @entity1 with @entity74 associated with @entity131 . These measures allow providers to make more reliable recommendations regarding such activities as returning to work.

title: Objective vestibular tests as outcome measures in @entity542 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study reviews the treatment response to the antiepileptic drug @entity1771 (Topamax-mean dose 202 mg/d, range 150-350 mg/d) of a group of 22 institutionalized intellectually disabled adults (8 males, 14 females, mean age 46.5 years, age range 25-70 years). These individuals were predominantly classified as having severe or profound @entity717 and as having a @entity1316 . The individuals studied were treated for @entity146 , self-injurious behaviors, destructive/disruptive behaviors or a combination of these, and/or other challenging and @entity146 . All subjects were receiving concurrent psychotropic and/or anticonvulsant medications. Effectiveness was determined by retrospective review of summaries of quarterly multidisciplinary Neuropsychiatric Behavioral Reviews. Assignment of global severity scores and evaluation of longitudinal behavioral graphs of target symptoms occurred. Overall, statistically significant @entity146 and worst behavior rates occurred in the subjects, especially when the 3 months before and the 3 to 6 months after starting @entity1771 were compared. The overall subject group showed no significant weight changes. One subject developed @entity933 , 1 developed @entity4053 , 1 developed sedation, and 2 developed @entity1142 . The results suggest that @entity1771 may have a role in the treatment of challenging/ @entity146 in intellectually disabled individuals.

title: Effects of XXXX on aggressive, self-injurious, and disruptive/destructive behaviors in the intellectually disabled: an open-label retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in global severity scores and in the cumulative aggression', 'aggression', 'maladaptive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']


abstract: Some of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity750 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity935 release. We hypothesized that @entity9021 , a @entity750 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity935 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity9021 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity191 @entity1 . @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity9021 or @entity905 . @entity1 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity1 on @entity9021 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity191 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity905 group (n = 7). Both, @entity9021 and @entity905 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity9021 ought to be considered over @entity905 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Does XXXX improve both @entity308 and @entity191 ? A pilot randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed PD', 'Depressed', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'Parkinson Disease', 'parkinsonian', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity9021 :: (MESH:C051752,Chemical) :: ['nefazodone']


abstract: Some of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity750 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity935 release. We hypothesized that @entity9021 , a @entity750 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity935 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity9021 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity191 @entity1 . @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity9021 or @entity905 . @entity1 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity1 on @entity9021 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity191 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity905 group (n = 7). Both, @entity9021 and @entity905 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity9021 ought to be considered over @entity905 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Does @entity9021 improve both XXXX and @entity191 ? A pilot randomized trial.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Some of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity750 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity935 release. We hypothesized that @entity9021 , a @entity750 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity935 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity9021 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity191 @entity1 . @entity308 @entity1 with @entity191 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity9021 or @entity905 . @entity1 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity1 on @entity9021 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity191 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity905 group (n = 7). Both, @entity9021 and @entity905 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity9021 ought to be considered over @entity905 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Does @entity9021 improve both @entity308 and XXXX ? A pilot randomized trial.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pregnant @entity1 's weight-related attitudes and behaviors in relation to a constellation of psychosocial characteristics, prepregnancy body habitus, and gestational @entity1017 . @entity1 : One hundred-thirty @entity1 with low-risk, normal pregnancies. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study assessed attitudes about @entity1017 at 36 weeks' gestation. Psychosocial characteristics, including @entity148 , @entity308 , social support, emotionality, and pregnancy-specific and nonspecific stress appraisal were assessed between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Principal components factor analysis, Pearson correlations, t tests, and analysis of variance. RESULT: A range of positive and negative attitudes about @entity1017 was expressed. Twenty-one percent (n=27) of the sample endorsed at least one weight-restrictive behavior during pregnancy. @entity1 who reported more weight-restrictive behaviors were more anxious (r=.24, P<.01), @entity308 (r=.29,P<.001), angry (r=.29, P<.001), stressed (r=.23, P<.01), and felt less uplifted (r=-.21, P<.05) about their pregnancies in general. Higher Positive Pregnancy Body Image scores were associated with feeling better about the pregnancy in general (r=.35, P<.001), fewer @entity308 , and less anger (both r=.20, both P<.01). @entity1 who were self conscious about their @entity1017 felt more hassled by their pregnancies (r=.21, P<.05), greater anger (r=.21, P<.05), and more support from partners (r=.22, P<.05). Prepregnancy body mass index was unrelated, but negative attitudes about @entity1017 existed even among @entity1 who gained within recommended ranges. CONCLUSION: @entity1 's attitudes about @entity1017 in pregnancy are imbedded in their orientation toward pregnancy as well as their general psychological functioning. Effective nutrition counseling for pregnant @entity1 should include consideration of weight-restrictive behaviors, the degree to which the pregnancy is perceived as positive and uplifting, and whether @entity1017 attitudes may be associated with their relationship with a spouse or partner.

title: Psychosocial influences on XXXX attitudes and behaviors during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressed']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although much is known about injury-related @entity204 from the use of external cause of injury codes (ecodes) on death certificates, the contribution of @entity130 is unknown, with most information based on estimates from national surveys. Some states mandate ecoding of charts for hospitalized @entity1 , but few require ecode assignment for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) records. Missouri and Nebraska mandated ecoding of @entity341 records in 1993 and 1994, respectively, allowing for a more complete description of injuries in those states. We describe fatal and nonfatal @entity130 in Missouri and Nebraska by using ecodes, with graphic representation in the form of injury pyramids. METHODS: Ecode frequencies for 1996 to 1998 for all injury causes in Missouri and Nebraska were reported directly from their respective health departments. The ecode frequencies were grouped according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ecode matrix for presenting injury and mortality data. RESULTS: During the study period, 13,052 @entity204 , 131,210 hospitalizations, and 1,914,140 @entity341 visits occurred as the result of injury. The most frequent lethal injuries were unintentional motor vehicle crashes (32.3% of total @entity204 ), self-inflicted gunshot wound (13.2%), unintentional falls (11.3%), gunshot wound from an assault (7.7%), and unintentional @entity4968 (4.3%). The leading causes of injury-related hospitalization were unintentional falls (47.8% of total hospitalizations), unintentional motor vehicle crashes (15.5%), self-inflicted @entity4968 (6.5%), and overexertion or strenuous movements (2.4%). Of 1.9 million @entity130 visits, unintentional falls accounted for 24.3%, unintentionally being struck by an object or @entity1 for 14.6%, unintentional motor vehicle crashes for 11.4%, unintentionally being cut or pierced for 10.7%, and overexertion or strenuous movements for 8.5%. CONCLUSION: Ecoding in Missouri and Nebraska provides a comprehensive data retrieval system that allows for a graphic depiction of the @entity130 derived from real @entity1 encounters within specific geographic regions.

title: The pyramid of injury: using ecodes to accurately describe the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury frequencies', 'nonfatal injury', 'ED injury', 'burden of injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burden of injury']


abstract: We investigate the feasibility of @entity2280 -selected peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation followed by pre-emptive @entity405 -depleted donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after a minimal conditioning regimen. Six @entity1 with advanced @entity1583 ineligible for a conventional myeloablative transplant (n=5) or metastatic @entity1358 (n=1), and with an HLA-identical (n=4) or alternative (n=2) donor were included. The nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen consisted in 2 Gy @entity131 alone (n=4), 2 Gy @entity131 and @entity3118 ( @entity1358 @entity1 , n=1) or @entity786 and @entity3118 ( @entity1 who had previously received 12 Gy @entity131 , n=1). Post transplant immunosuppression was carried out with @entity205 (CyA) and @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). Initial engraftment was achieved in all @entity1 . One out of six @entity1 (17%) experienced grade > or =2 acute GVHD only after abrupt @entity205 discontinuation and alpha interferon therapy for life-threatening @entity5 progression. T-cell chimerism was 23% (19-30) on day 28, 32% (10-35) on day 100, 78% (49-95) on day 180 and 99.5% (99-100) on day 365. Three out of four @entity1 who had measurable disease before the transplant experienced a complete response. We conclude that @entity2280 -selected NMSCT followed by @entity405 -depleted DLI is feasible and preserves engraftment and apparently also the graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) effect. Further studies are needed to confirm this encouraging preliminary report.

title: Low T-cell chimerism is not followed by graft rejection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NMSCT) with XXXX -selected PBSC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']