abstract: We have evaluated the relationship between @entity3538 atherosclerotic change and @entity1779 @entity1 . Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity1779 treated at our institution were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 38 to 86 years old (average: 61.5 years). There were 28 cases of @entity6658 and 20 cases of @entity548 . Evacuation of @entity1410 or ventricle drainage was performed in 18 cases within 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The outcome in these cases was that 40 @entity1 survived and 8 @entity1 died. Carotid @entity731 was evaluated by B mode-ultrasonography. The severity of @entity2998 was assessed by using two indicators; incidence of @entity2998 and maximum percentage diameter of the @entity850 . Carotid @entity731 on B mode-ultrasonography was detected more frequently in @entity1 with @entity548 (84.2%) than in those with @entity6658 (51.7%). Maximum percentage @entity850 of @entity548 (17.2 +/- 15.2%) was higher than maximum percentage @entity850 of @entity6658 (6.4 +/- 9.7%). In conclusion, @entity2998 was an effective indicator of not only ischemical @entity66 but also of @entity1779 .

title: [An ultrasonic study of the relationship between extracranial @entity2998 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: We have evaluated the relationship between @entity3538 atherosclerotic change and @entity1779 @entity1 . Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity1779 treated at our institution were included in this study. Their ages ranged from 38 to 86 years old (average: 61.5 years). There were 28 cases of @entity6658 and 20 cases of @entity548 . Evacuation of @entity1410 or ventricle drainage was performed in 18 cases within 3 days after the onset of symptoms. The outcome in these cases was that 40 @entity1 survived and 8 @entity1 died. Carotid @entity731 was evaluated by B mode-ultrasonography. The severity of @entity2998 was assessed by using two indicators; incidence of @entity2998 and maximum percentage diameter of the @entity850 . Carotid @entity731 on B mode-ultrasonography was detected more frequently in @entity1 with @entity548 (84.2%) than in those with @entity6658 (51.7%). Maximum percentage @entity850 of @entity548 (17.2 +/- 15.2%) was higher than maximum percentage @entity850 of @entity6658 (6.4 +/- 9.7%). In conclusion, @entity2998 was an effective indicator of not only ischemical @entity66 but also of @entity1779 .

title: [An ultrasonic study of the relationship between extracranial XXXX and @entity1779 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe twin-twin transfusion can be treated by either serial amniocenteses with removal of large volumes of amniotic fluid or by endoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. We investigated the benefit of laser surgery in comparison to serial amniocenteses in terms of pregnancy outcome. STUDY DESIGN: The data used in this comparative study were collected from 116 @entity1 with severe @entity14244 between 17 and 25 weeks' gestation. The @entity1 were grouped according to the treatment center. The first group comprised 73 @entity1 (median gestational age 20.7 weeks) treated in Hamburg by fetoscopic laser coagulation of the vascular placental anastomoses between January 1995 and May 1997. The second group comprised 43 @entity1 (median gestational age 20.4 weeks), fulfilling identical diagnostic criteria and treated in Bonn by serial amniocenteses between 1992 and 1996. RESULTS: The overall fetal survival rate was not significantly different (61%, 89/146, vs 51%, 44/86; P =.239). There was a significantly higher proportion of pregnancies with >/=1 survivor in the laser-treated group (79%, 58/73, vs 60%, 26/43; P =.033). The number of cases with spontaneous @entity5617 of both fetuses was significantly lower in the laser-treated group (3%, 2/73, vs 19%, 8/43; P =.003). The incidence of abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the brain was significantly lower among surviving neonates after laser surgery than after amniocenteses (6%, 5/89, vs 18%, 8/44; P =. 03). For pregnancies with >/=1 live-born baby, a significantly longer interval between first intervention and delivery (median 90 vs 72 days, P =.022) leading to a significantly higher gestational age at delivery (median 33.7 vs 30.7 weeks, P =.018) was observed for the laser-treated group. The birth weights of the donor fetuses were significantly higher in the laser-treated group (median 1750 vs 1145 g, P =.034), and a trend toward higher birth weight was also found for recipient fetuses (median 2000 vs 1560 g, P =.076). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that endoscopic laser coagulation of placental vascular anastomoses offers a more effective alternative to serial amniocenteses as a treatment of severe second-trimester @entity14244 .

title: Endoscopic laser surgery versus serial amniocenteses in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity2399 on hypoxicischemic @entity75 and how the timing of @entity1760 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity35 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity519 (8% @entity26 in 92% @entity1568 ). @entity2399 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity519 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity35 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. The severity of @entity1010 and @entity528 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity1760 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity1760 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity1760 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity353 (0% in @entity1760 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity528 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity528 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity1760 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity1760 caused increased @entity528 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity2399 has neuroprotective effects against @entity519 - @entity63 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity2399 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with @entity2399 protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens XXXX in seven-day-old @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity2399 on hypoxicischemic @entity75 and how the timing of @entity1760 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity35 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity519 (8% @entity26 in 92% @entity1568 ). @entity2399 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity519 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity35 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. The severity of @entity1010 and @entity528 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity1760 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity1760 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity1760 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity353 (0% in @entity1760 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity528 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity528 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity1760 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity1760 caused increased @entity528 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity2399 has neuroprotective effects against @entity519 - @entity63 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity2399 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with XXXX protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens @entity75 in seven-day-old @entity35 .

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the neuroprotective effect of @entity2399 on hypoxicischemic @entity75 and how the timing of @entity1760 administration changes its effect in the newborn @entity35 . STUDY DESIGN: Seven-day-old @entity35 (n = 91) were exposed to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 2 hours of @entity519 (8% @entity26 in 92% @entity1568 ). @entity2399 (270 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before (pretreatment) or 30 minutes after (posttreatment) the 2 hours of @entity519 . In each experiment equivalent amounts of saline solution were administered as controls. Seven days after the injury the @entity35 were killed and the brains were removed for histologic study with @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. The severity of @entity1010 and @entity528 was evaluated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and compared by chi2 test between the @entity1760 group and the controls. RESULTS: Ionized @entity1760 concentrations were significantly increased from 0.52 +/- 0.02 mmol/L to 1.38 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 0.5 hour after injection and thereafter gradually decreased to 0.73 +/- 0.07 mmol/L at 3.5 hours. @entity1760 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity353 (0% in @entity1760 vs 29% in controls) and protected the cerebral cortex from @entity528 (the incidence of normal, mild, moderate, and severe @entity528 was 48%, 29%, 5%, and 19% in @entity1760 and 30%, 5%, 25%, and 40% in controls, respectively) in the pretreatment group. In the posttreatment group @entity1760 caused increased @entity528 compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: @entity2399 has neuroprotective effects against @entity519 - @entity63 . This effect is restricted to the pretreatment group in which @entity2399 is administered before the insult.

title: Pretreatment with @entity2399 protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treatment worsens @entity75 in seven-day-old XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Abrupt cessation of regular use of @entity167 in a dependent @entity1 causes a @entity3347 that may range from mild to extremely severe. Most @entity1 require pharmacologic intervention, especially those with severe symptoms. Historically, the pharmacotherapy of @entity167 withdrawal has involved a wide variety of agents. @entity1245 are currently preferred due to their consistently high degree of efficacy and laudable record of safety. In addition, beta blockers and @entity1338 are useful, as both effectively combat the @entity101 and @entity591 commonly associated with withdrawal. They are ineffective as anticonvulsants; however. Opinions differ concerning the best treatment for @entity410 . Prophylaxis with @entity1245 may be all that is required, although some authors advocate the use of @entity3174 for 5 days, especially in @entity1 with a history of prior @entity410 during @entity167 withdrawal. Once established, delirium @entity14935 are difficult to treat. @entity1245 are most commonly used to provide sedation, and extremely large doses may be required. Careful clinical assessment is essential to the proper treatment of @entity1 undergoing @entity167 withdrawal since the coexistence of medical problems may complicate the condition.

title: The treatment of XXXX withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'withdrawal seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity599 mustard (SM), also known as @entity5745 , is an alkylating compound used as a chemical weapon in World War I and by Iraqi forces against Iranians and indigenous Iraqi Kurds during the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s. Although SM is a proven carcinogen there are conflicting views regarding the carcinogenicity of a single exposure. The present study characterizes @entity2 formed in @entity5745 victims from the Iran-Iraq War. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Demographic information and @entity5 specimens were collected from 20 Iranian @entity2 @entity1 with single high-dose SM exposures during the Iran-Iraq War. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity2 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for @entity876 protein. In addition, DNA was extracted from the tissues, PCR amplified and sequenced to identify mutations in the @entity876 and @entity984 genes associated with SM exposure. RESULTS: A relatively early @entity2 onset (ranging from 28 to 73 with a mean of 48) in @entity5745 victims, particularly those in the non-smoking population (mean age of 40.7), may be an indication of a unique etiology for these @entity5 . Seven of the 20 @entity1 developed @entity2 before the age of 40. Five of 16 @entity5 from which DNA sequence data was obtainable provided information on eight @entity876 mutations (within exons 5-8). These mutations were predominately G to A transitions; a mutation consistent with the DNA lesion caused by SM. Two of the @entity2 had multiple @entity876 point mutations, similar to results obtained from factory workers chronically exposed to mustard agent. No mutations were detected in the @entity984 gene. DISCUSSION: The distinguishing characteristics of @entity105 in these @entity5745 victims suggest that a single exposure may increase the risk of @entity2 development in some individuals.

title: Mustard gas exposure and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['mustard gas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'male lung cancer', 'age of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis of lung']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the impact of selective imaging on clinical management of @entity1 who present with symptoms suggesting @entity697 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a two-and-half year period, 941 consecutive @entity1 with right lower @entity158 were analyzed. @entity1 who underwent selective imaging were compared to those treated without further imaging. RESULTS: In 650 (69%) @entity1 with right lower @entity158 , diagnosis was based on medical history, physical and laboratory examination only. The diagnostic accuracy was 84%. Another 291 @entity1 (31%) underwent selective imaging reaching a diagnostic accuracy of 71%. Ultrasound was conducted in 277 @entity1 (sensitivity: 59%; specificity: 91%). CT scan was conducted in 43 @entity1 (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 95%). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that, in the majority of @entity1 , @entity698 acuta can be diagnosed without the aid of imaging studies. In all these cases, high diagnostic accuracy rates and low morbidity rates were achieved. In all the other cases when clinical diagnosis is uncertain, further evaluation should include imaging. In our series ultrasound is of limited value; CT scan or diagnostic laparoscopy seems superior.

title: Evaluating routine diagnostic imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity101 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity101 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity1 received either a @entity101 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity101 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity1 with @entity6 and LDL-C among 528 @entity1 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity1 with @entity6 , the @entity101 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity4051 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity102 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity1 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a XXXX self-management intervention on @entity6 and @entity165 control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity101 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity101 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity1 received either a @entity101 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity101 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity1 with @entity6 and LDL-C among 528 @entity1 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity1 with @entity6 , the @entity101 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity4051 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity102 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity1 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a @entity101 self-management intervention on XXXX and @entity165 control.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 chronic disease self-management interventions target single-disease outcomes. We evaluated the effect of a tailored @entity101 self-management intervention on the unintended targets of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C). METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 from the Veterans Study to Improve the Control of @entity101 , a 2-year randomized controlled trial. @entity1 received either a @entity101 self-management intervention delivered by a nurse over the telephone or usual care. Although the study focused on @entity101 self-management, we compared changes in HbA1c among a subgroup of 216 @entity1 with @entity6 and LDL-C among 528 @entity1 with measurements during the study period. Changes in these laboratory values over time were compared between the 2 treatment groups using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: For the @entity1 with @entity6 , the @entity101 self-management intervention resulted in a 0.46% reduction in @entity4051 c over 2 years compared with usual care (95% confidence interval, 0.04%-0.89%; P = .03). For LDL-C, there was a minimal 0.9 mg/dL between-group difference that was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, -7.3-5.6 mg/dL; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant effect of the self-management intervention on the unintended target of HbA1c, but not LDL-C. @entity102 self-management interventions might have "spill-over" effects on @entity1 ' comorbid chronic conditions.

title: The effect of a @entity101 self-management intervention on @entity6 and XXXX control.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a stress management intervention among 24 female @entity1 on sick leave due to work-related @entity458 . METHODS: The study design was quasi-experimental. All @entity1 received a standard individual treatment for stress at a company healthcare unit. Half of the sample was also enrolled in a group intervention aimed at coping with psychological/somatic symptoms of stress. Data were collected before and after treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups, through questionnaires and blood sampling. Rates of return to work were assessed for up to 5 years. RESULTS: Levels of @entity308 decreased in both conditions and these improvements were maintained at follow-up. The experimental condition was superior in alleviating burnout, as measured with the Karolinska Exhaustion Scale. Paradoxically, these improvements were accompanied by significant increases in levels of glycated haemoglobin in both groups. At 5-year follow-up 40% of @entity1 in both conditions had returned to work. CONCLUSION: The stress management intervention seems to have beneficial effects on self-rated symptoms, but is comparable to treatment as usual with respect to rates of return to work. More studies are needed to investigate the impact of this intervention on physiological parameters.

title: Quasi-experimental evaluation of a stress management programme for female county and municipal employees on long-term sick leave due to work-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological complaints']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological complaints']


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity26 free @entity130 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity1792 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity130 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity35 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity1219 0.9% and @entity3282 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity130 was studied by storing livers in @entity2421 solutions that accelerate liver @entity1017 , and in a @entity1877 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity26 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity208 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity208 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity969 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity2656 , in isotonic @entity1792 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity1017 by the use of @entity2421 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity1877 -based solution prevented @entity1017 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity9275 solutions it did not retard the @entity130 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity208 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity1792 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity2656 . We conclude that @entity130 produced by @entity130 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced @entity130 in liver allografts is not mediated by XXXX -free radicals or cell swelling in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline chloride', 'Choline chloride']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['radical injury', 'preservation injury', 'microvascular injury', 'cold injury', 'microcirculatory injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity26 free @entity130 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity1792 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity130 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity35 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity1219 0.9% and @entity3282 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity130 was studied by storing livers in @entity2421 solutions that accelerate liver @entity1017 , and in a @entity1877 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity26 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity208 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity208 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity969 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity2656 , in isotonic @entity1792 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity1017 by the use of @entity2421 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity1877 -based solution prevented @entity1017 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity9275 solutions it did not retard the @entity130 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity208 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity1792 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity2656 . We conclude that @entity130 produced by @entity130 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced XXXX in liver allografts is not mediated by @entity26 -free radicals or cell swelling in the @entity35 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['microcirculatory injury']


abstract: The critical injury of cold preservation is to the hepatic microcirculation. @entity26 free @entity130 and cell swelling have been proposed to be causes of allograft failure, and new solutions such as Marshall's isotonic @entity1792 and University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions were designed to prevent cell swelling and free @entity130 . Experiments were done to determine whether Marshall's solution and UW solution protect the microcirculation, and whether they do so by preventing cell swelling or free radical-induced injury. To determine if the new solutions reduce sinusoidal lining cell injury, @entity35 livers were examined after preservation at 4 degrees C in @entity1219 0.9% and @entity3282 2 mM for 4 hr and 8 hr, in Collins' solution for 8 hr, and in both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions for 8 hr and 16 hr. Next, the role of cell swelling in @entity130 was studied by storing livers in @entity2421 solutions that accelerate liver @entity1017 , and in a @entity1877 -based preservation solution. Finally, to evaluate the role of active @entity26 species, SOD, catalase, and @entity208 were added to preservation solutions. The effect of @entity208 alone was also studied. In a related study, @entity969 was substituted for the free radical scavenger, @entity2656 , in isotonic @entity1792 solution. All livers were studied by light microscopy after perfusion-fixation. Storage in UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions resulted in clear improvement in the morphology of the sinusoidal lining. Increasing the rate of liver @entity1017 by the use of @entity2421 solutions did not accelerate the endothelial injury. @entity1877 -based solution prevented @entity1017 during preservation, but unlike UW or @entity9275 solutions it did not retard the @entity130 . After preservation in the presence of SOD and catalase, or @entity208 , no improvement in the defined morphological features of the endothelial injury was noted when compared with respective controls; nor was the benefit of isotonic @entity1792 solution lessened by the removal of the free radical scavenger @entity2656 . We conclude that @entity130 produced by @entity130 is due neither to free radical-mediated injury nor to cell swelling. As both UW and isotonic @entity1792 solutions provide significant protection to the microcirculation, they must do so by a yet-undetermined mechanism.

title: Evidence that cold preservation-induced @entity130 in liver allografts is not mediated by @entity26 -free radicals or cell swelling in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The complications of anterior discectomy without fusion were analyzed on the basis of 450 consecutive cases treated surgically for @entity179 . There was no death related to the procedure. The most common complication was a worsening of the pre-existing @entity602 . This occurred in 3.3%, including one case with severe medullary contusion. @entity2737 developed in 1.6%. @entity1109 and wound haematoma, respectively, occurred in 1.3%; recurrent @entity129 , @entity4820 , and @entity1576 , respectively, in 1.1% of the cases. Epidural haematoma and instability of the cervical spine, respectively, occurred in 0.9%, nerve @entity75 and @entity1512 , respectively, in 0.4%. There was one case each (0.2%) with a @entity75 , @entity693 due to dural perforation, transient additional @entity602 , and @entity7181 . The results and the management of complications are discussed in relation to numerous previously published reports, including posterior procedures and anterior fusion techniques. Precise knowledge of all potential accidents and pitfalls related to the surgical procedure and of their aetiology may contribute to preventing failures. The rate of complications in this series has been reduced in the past years by better @entity1 selection, by paying more attention to correct positioning of the @entity1 during the operation, and by meticulous removal of all offending structures. Discectomy without interbody fusion is now considered to be a reasonably safe procedure with an acceptable operative morbidity and lack of mortality.

title: Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['root lesion', 'pharyngeal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Additional radicular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 colon @entity420 have histological parameters that are clearly associated with prognosis. These include @entity5 grade, pattern of invasion, presence of lymphocytes, and vascular involvement by @entity5 . The latter remains controversial with respect to the relative importance of intramural and extramural vascular involvement. Some studies show a poor prognosis for intramural invasion of capillary size vascular channels by @entity5 . On the other hand, when veins are involved by @entity5 , the presence of @entity5 in large extramural veins appears to have a much more ominous effect than intramural @entity5 involvement of small veins. The results of DNA analysis of @entity14 varied greatly depending on study methodology but several important points can be summarized: (1) higher stage @entity5 have a greater proportion of @entity5 ; (2) @entity5 tend to have a higher growth rate (SPF) and poorer survival than @entity5 ; and (3) @entity5 are associated with histological parameters indicative of a poor prognosis such as vascular invasion, but ploidy is not related to @entity5 grade. One of the major problems in drawing firm conclusions about the relationship of flow cytometric DNA measurements to prognosis is great variability among the reported studies. The types of variation appear to fall into two major categories: @entity1 selection and technical problems. The former are especially relevant in retrospective studies in which there is poor @entity1 definition (site, grade, stage, and other @entity5 ) and a bias for selecting early stage @entity5 which have improved survivals. The latter includes a spectrum of technical problems inherent in this widely but not necessarily uniformly applied laboratory procedure. This is particularly true for DNA analysis of nuclei removed from paraffin tissue blocks. For the most part, quality control measurements including cell yields, the efficiency of extraction or disaggregation of aneuploid cells, exclusion of non-neoplastic cells, and other features characteristic of the scientific method are seldom included in studies of DNA analysis of solid @entity5 . Hopefully, a consensus regarding optimum technical and analytic methods will evolve, followed by the careful definition of @entity1 @entity694 cohorts. The importance of further studies is suggested by the results of this review which indicated that the presence of an aneuploid cell population is associated with a less favorable prognosis for all @entity14 .

title: Histopathologic parameters and DNA analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'standard tumor definitions', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Deviance partitioning can provide new insights into the ecology of host-parasite interactions. We studied the host-related factors influencing parasite prevalence, abundance, and species @entity3794 in European brown hares ( @entity18993 ) from northern Spain. We defined three groups of explanatory variables: host environment, host population, and individual factors. We hypothesised that parasite @entity281 rates and species @entity3794 were determined by different host-related factors depending on the nature of the parasite (endo- or ectoparasite, direct or indirect life cycle). To assess the relative importance of these components, we used deviance partitioning, an innovative approach. The explained deviance (ED) was higher for parasite abundance models, followed by those of prevalence and then by species @entity3794 , suggesting that parasite abundance models may best describe the host factors influencing parasitization. Models for parasites with a direct life cycle yielded higher ED values than those for indirect life cycle ones. As a general trend, host individual factors explained the largest proportion of the ED, followed by host environmental factors and, finally, the interaction between host environmental and individual factors. Similar hierarchies were found for parasite prevalence, abundance, and species @entity3794 . Individual factors comprised the most relevant group of explanatory variables for both types of parasites. However, host environmental factors were also relevant in models for indirect life-cycle parasites. These findings are consistent with the idea of the host as the main habitat of the parasite; whereas, for indirect life-cycle parasites, transmission would be also modulated by environmental conditions. We suggest that parasitization can be used not only as an indicator of individual fitness but also as an indicator of environmental quality for the host. This research underlines the importance of monitoring parasite rates together with environmental, population, and host factors.

title: Deviance partitioning of host factors affecting parasitization in the European brown hare ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18993 :: ('9983', 'Species') :: ['Lepus europaeus']

answer: @entity18993 :: (9983,Species) :: ['Lepus europaeus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 who visit primary care physicians suffer from @entity308 , but physicians may miss the diagnosis or undertreat these @entity1 . Improving physicians' communication skills pertaining to diagnosing and managing @entity308 may lead to better outcomes. METHODS: We performed a randomized controlled trial involving 49 primary care physicians to determine the effect of the @entity308 Education Program on their knowledge of @entity308 and their behavior toward @entity308 @entity1 . After randomization, physicians in the intervention group completed the @entity308 Education Program, which consists of 2 4-hour interactive workshops that combine lectures, discussion, audiotape review, and role-playing. Between sessions, physicians audiotaped an interview with one of their @entity1 . Two to 6 weeks following the intervention program, physicians completed a knowledge test and received office visits from 2 unannounced @entity1 acting as standardized @entity1 with @entity308 . These " @entity1 " completed a checklist and scales. Logistic and linear regression were used to control for sex, specialty, and suspicion that the @entity1 was a standardized @entity1 . RESULTS: For both standardized @entity1 , more intervention physicians than control physicians asked about stresses at home, and they also scored higher on the Participatory Decision-Making scale. During the office visits of one of the standardized @entity1 , more intervention physicians asked about at least 5 criteria for @entity308 (82% and 38%, P = .006), discussed the possibility of @entity308 (96% and 65%, P = .049), scheduled a return visit within 2 weeks (67% and 33%, P = .004), and scored higher than control physicians on the @entity1 Satisfaction scale (40.3 and 35.5, P = .014). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity308 Education Program changed physicians' behavior and may be an important component in the efforts to improve the care of @entity308 @entity1 .

title: Improving the recognition and management of XXXX : is there a role for physician education?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between physician communication patterns and the successful recognition of @entity308 is poorly understood. METHODS: We used unannounced visits by actors playing standardized @entity1 to evaluate verbal communication between primary care physicians and a @entity1 presenting with a minor @entity308 scenario. @entity1 (n = 77) were assigned to receive 2 visits from a @entity1 or @entity1 portraying a 26-year-old @entity1 with @entity2794 who meets the criteria for minor @entity308 . The standardized @entity1 carried hidden audiotape recorders and high-fidelity microphones to document the encounters. The audiotapes were coded at 2-second intervals. These data were linked to information gathered from standardized @entity1 checklists, medical records, and debriefing telephone calls with @entity1 . RESULTS: We obtained complete data on 59 (77%) of the physician- @entity1 encounters; of those, 43 (73%) of the physicians recognized @entity308 . Physicians who recognized @entity308 asked twice as many questions about feelings and affect compared with those who did not (for feelings: 1.9% of total physician activity vs. 0.9%, P = .017; for affect: composite score of 2.7% of total physician activity vs 1.3%, P = .003). We found no differences in the proportion or timing of broad to narrow questioning between those who did and did not recognize @entity308 . Physicians who successfully recognized @entity308 later in the interview showed an increase in questions about feelings in the quartile just before recognition occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who recognized @entity308 differed significantly in the percentage of questions about feeling and affect, and an increase in questions about feelings may precede a diagnosis of @entity308 , though more research is needed to establish this as an important finding.

title: How physician communication influences recognition of XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'man']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headaches']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The effect of @entity5897 on intracellular @entity460 levels ([ @entity141 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity593 as the @entity141 indicator. @entity5897 increased [ @entity141 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity141 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity141 partly reduced the @entity5897 response. @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence confirmed that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx. The @entity5897 -sensitive intracellular @entity141 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity2426 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 pump, because 20 microM @entity5897 depleted the @entity2426 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity2426 abolished @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release. @entity5897 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity141 entry induced by 1 microM @entity2426 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity141 store in @entity141 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity15130 . @entity5897 induced capacitative @entity141 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity5897 -induced @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence and [ @entity141 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity11329 . @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity671 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity4385 .

title: Mechanisms of XXXX -induced rise in cytoplasmic @entity460 concentrations in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole', 'Miconazole']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5897 :: (MESH:D008825,Chemical) :: ['miconazole']


abstract: The effect of @entity5897 on intracellular @entity460 levels ([ @entity141 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity593 as the @entity141 indicator. @entity5897 increased [ @entity141 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity141 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity141 partly reduced the @entity5897 response. @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence confirmed that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx. The @entity5897 -sensitive intracellular @entity141 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity2426 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 pump, because 20 microM @entity5897 depleted the @entity2426 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity2426 abolished @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release. @entity5897 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity141 entry induced by 1 microM @entity2426 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity141 store in @entity141 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity15130 . @entity5897 induced capacitative @entity141 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity5897 -induced @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence and [ @entity141 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity11329 . @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity671 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity4385 .

title: Mechanisms of @entity5897 -induced rise in cytoplasmic XXXX concentrations in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The effect of @entity5897 on intracellular @entity460 levels ([ @entity141 ]i) in Madin Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells was studied using @entity593 as the @entity141 indicator. @entity5897 increased [ @entity141 ]i dose-dependently at concentrations of 5-100 microM. The [ @entity141 ]i transient consisted of an initial rise, a gradual decay and an elevated plateau (220 s after addition of the drug). Removal of extracellular @entity141 partly reduced the @entity5897 response. @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence confirmed that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx. The @entity5897 -sensitive intracellular @entity141 store overlapped with that sensitive to @entity2426 , an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 pump, because 20 microM @entity5897 depleted the @entity2426 (1 microM)-sensitive store, and conversely, @entity2426 abolished @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release. @entity5897 (20-50 microM) partly inhibited the capacitative @entity141 entry induced by 1 microM @entity2426 , measured by depleting intracellular @entity141 store in @entity141 -free medium followed by addition of 10 mM @entity15130 . @entity5897 induced capacitative @entity141 entry on its own. Pretreatment with 0.1 mM La3+ partly inhibited 20 microM @entity5897 -induced @entity3281 quench of @entity593 fluorescence and [ @entity141 ]i rise, suggesting that @entity5897 induced @entity141 influx via two pathways separable by 0.1 mM @entity11329 . @entity5897 -induced internal @entity141 release was not altered when the cytosolic level of @entity671 (IP3) was substantially inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor @entity4385 .

title: Mechanisms of @entity5897 -induced rise in cytoplasmic @entity460 concentrations in Madin Darby XXXX kidney (MDCK) cells.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience with @entity652 managed by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). The goals of this study were to examine our institution's experience by evaluating surgical morbidity, mortality, and local recurrence rate. METHODS: This retrospective study investigated 402 @entity1 who underwent TEM a for preoperative diagnosis of @entity652 from January 1993 to October 2008. The mean age was 65 years (range = 22-92 years). All @entity1 were regularly followed up to determine treatment efficacy in terms of local recurrence rate. RESULTS: No 30-day perioperative mortality occurred. No conversion to laparoscopic or open procedures was reported. Minor complications occurred in 28 (7%) @entity1 , whereas major complications were found only in 2 (0.5%) @entity1 . Definitive histology confirmed @entity652 in 366 cases (91%). At a mean follow-up of 84 months (range = 1-190 months), 16 (4%) @entity652 recurred and were successfully retreated by TEM [14 cases (87.5%)] and by conventional surgery [2 @entity1 (12.5%)]. No further recurrences were observed at subsequent follow-up. CONCLUSION: The findings warrant the conclusion that TEM is a safe, effective treatment for @entity652 where endoscopic removal is not applicable and has low morbidity and no mortality.

title: Treatment of XXXX by transanal endoscopic microsurgery: 15 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma', 'rectal adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['rectal adenomas']


abstract: The ability of @entity2449 (MF) to acutely relax @entity2647 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity35 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity972 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity2472 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity2472 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity973 ( @entity974 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity855 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity460 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity855 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity2472 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: XXXX antagonizes the acute relaxant action of @entity2449 on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-Aminopyridine']


abstract: The ability of @entity2449 (MF) to acutely relax @entity2647 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity35 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity972 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity2472 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity2472 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity973 ( @entity974 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity855 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity460 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity855 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity2472 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity973 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of XXXX on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the @entity35 .

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: The ability of @entity2449 (MF) to acutely relax @entity2647 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity35 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity972 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity2472 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity2472 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity973 ( @entity974 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity855 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity460 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity855 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity2472 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity973 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of @entity2449 on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Background: @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) is diagnosed when a @entity1 shows @entity3180 . The diagnosis of pragmatic @entity73 (PLI) is given to @entity1 who show difficulties with the use of language in context. Unlike @entity1 with @entity10870 , these @entity1 tend to show relatively intact @entity3180 while they do exhibit clear communicative deficits. There is hardly any research on the relationship between pragmatic competence and behavioural problems. Existing research suggests a strong relationship, but has only been executed on clinical @entity10870 samples. Moreover, it is not known whether pragmatic language problems are related to specific types of behavioural problems. Aims: This study aims to clarify the incidence and nature of behavioural problems in @entity1 with PLI using a prognostic design in mainstream education. This design should provide valuable insights into the general relationship between PLI and various behavioural problems. Methods _ Procedures: Teachers completed the @entity1 's Communication Checklist (CCC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and provided additional data for a sample of 1364 @entity1 aged 4 years. Outcomes _ Results: Within the community sample, pragmatic competence is highly correlated with behavioural problems. Pragmatic competence is a good predictor of behavioural problems, and once pragmatic competence is accounted for, structural language abilities do not predict behavioural problems. @entity1 with pragmatic @entity73 often show behavioural problems, largely of an externalizing nature. The most prominent problems are hyperactivity and the lack of prosocial behaviour, which reach clinical levels for this group. However, all problem levels are elevated compared with normally developing @entity1 . Conclusions _ Implications: Young @entity1 with PLI show a wide variety of behavioural problems. Early assessment of pragmatic competence may benefit early detection of @entity1 at risk of behavioural problems. Furthermore, due to the relationship between pragmatic competence, behavioural problems and possible underlying disorders such as @entity2438 and @entity71 ( @entity71 ), early assessment of pragmatic competence may also provide an early marker for the detection of @entity2438 or @entity71 .

title: XXXX and associated behavioural problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['structural language skills', 'isolated structural language problems']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['Specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Pragmatic language impairment']


abstract: Before total deinstitutionalization in Norway, many believed that the ordinary health care system could give @entity1 with @entity717 the same or even better health care than that which they received in institutions. It was said that institutions created @entity146 problems, and that these would diminish or even disappear with the closing of these establishments. The present study is a prospective cohort study without a control group. It examines the frequency of mental health problems and the @entity146 health services which 109 subjects aged between 16 and 65 years received before (1987) and after (1995) deinstitutionalization. Mental health problems were defined as behavioural disturbances, and @entity146 and symptoms. @entity146 were identified with the Psychopathology Instruments for @entity1032 Adults (PIMRA), which were filled in by the carers. Behaviour disturbances were identified as having occurred or not during the previous year. Psychiatric problems remained frequent, and there was a significant increase in behavioural problems in spite of total deinstitutionalization and improved physical living conditions. Access to qualified help, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, had been substantially reduced. Most mental health problems among @entity1 with @entity717 are not solved by reorganization or deinstitutionalization, and such measures are no substitution for professional assistance.

title: Psychiatric health needs and services before and after complete deinstitutionalization of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mentally Retarded']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: Before total deinstitutionalization in Norway, many believed that the ordinary health care system could give @entity1 with @entity717 the same or even better health care than that which they received in institutions. It was said that institutions created @entity146 problems, and that these would diminish or even disappear with the closing of these establishments. The present study is a prospective cohort study without a control group. It examines the frequency of mental health problems and the @entity146 health services which 109 subjects aged between 16 and 65 years received before (1987) and after (1995) deinstitutionalization. Mental health problems were defined as behavioural disturbances, and @entity146 and symptoms. @entity146 were identified with the Psychopathology Instruments for @entity1032 Adults (PIMRA), which were filled in by the carers. Behaviour disturbances were identified as having occurred or not during the previous year. Psychiatric problems remained frequent, and there was a significant increase in behavioural problems in spite of total deinstitutionalization and improved physical living conditions. Access to qualified help, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, had been substantially reduced. Most mental health problems among @entity1 with @entity717 are not solved by reorganization or deinstitutionalization, and such measures are no substitution for professional assistance.

title: Psychiatric health needs and services before and after complete deinstitutionalization of XXXX with @entity717 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity1544 , the risks for developing @entity86 have not been elucidated. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity1 with high-grade @entity2735 treated by @entity5848 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity86 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity1 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity1 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity1 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity86 . By contrast, @entity1 with @entity75 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity1 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5848 .

title: Predictors of @entity86 after esophageal XXXX for superficial @entity1544 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasms (HGINs) or m2 carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HGIN lesions']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stricture']

answer: @entity5848 :: (MESH:D000784,Disease) :: ['endoscopic submucosal dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity1544 , the risks for developing @entity86 have not been elucidated. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity1 with high-grade @entity2735 treated by @entity5848 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity86 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity1 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity1 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity1 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity86 . By contrast, @entity1 with @entity75 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity1 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5848 .

title: Predictors of XXXX after esophageal @entity5848 for superficial @entity1544 .

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative stricture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) is becoming accepted as an established treatment for superficial @entity1544 , the risks for developing @entity86 have not been elucidated. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. From January 2002 to October 2008, 65 @entity1 with high-grade @entity2735 treated by @entity5848 were enrolled. Predictors of @entity86 were investigated by comparing results from 11 @entity1 who developed strictures with those from 54 @entity1 who did not. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups were observed in longitudinal diameter (45.0 +/- 15.9 mm vs. 31.5 +/- 13.6 mm) and circumferential diameter (37.2 +/- 8.6 mm vs. 26.8 +/- 9.7 mm) of the resected specimens, and the proportion of extension to the whole circumference of the lumen (< 1 / 2/ > 1 / 2/ > 3 / 4 : 2 / 4 / 5 vs. 40 / 13 / 1), histologic depth (HGIN/m2 : 2 / 9 vs. 41 / 13), and procedure time (85.6 +/- 42.8 minutes vs. 53.3 +/- 30.1 minutes). Multivariate analysis revealed that circumferential extension of > 3 / 4 (odds ration [OR]: 44.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.4 - 443.6) and histologic depth to m2 (OR: 14.2; 95 %CI: 2.7 - 74.2) are reliable risk factors. Subanalysis for each category by combinations of these risk factors revealed that @entity1 with lesions in > 3 / 4 of the circumferential area were associated with a high rate of @entity86 . By contrast, @entity1 with @entity75 in < 3 / 4 extension have no probability of postoperative strictures. Additionally, subanalysis of @entity1 with m2 lesions in < 3 / 4 circumferential extension revealed that circumferential diameter can be a reliable predictor for @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: Circumferential extension and histologic depth are the reliable risk factors for postoperative strictures. In combination with circumferential diameter, we can perform effective and appropriate preventive balloon dilatations after esophageal @entity5848 .

title: Predictors of @entity86 after esophageal @entity5848 for superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['squamous cell neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). To exert their pathologic effects, ACPAs must recruit immune effector mechanisms such as activation of the complement system. @entity19 models of @entity309 have shown that, surprisingly, arthritogenic antibodies activate the alternative pathway of complement rather than the expected classical pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate whether human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti- @entity5810 ) antibodies activate the complement system in vitro and, if so, which pathways of complement activation are used. METHODS: We set up novel assays to analyze complement activation by anti- @entity5810 antibodies, using cyclic citrullinated peptide-coated plates, specific buffers, and normal and @entity465 sera as a source of complement. RESULTS: Anti- @entity5810 antibodies activated complement in a dose-dependent manner via the classical pathway of complement, and, surprisingly, via the alternative pathway of complement. The lectin pathway was not activated by anti- @entity5810 antibodies. Complement activation proceeded in vitro up to the formation of the membrane attack complex, indicating that all activation steps, including the release of @entity2242 , took place. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that anti- @entity5810 antibodies activate the complement system in vitro via the classical and alternative pathways but not via the lectin pathway. These findings are relevant for the design of interventions aimed at inhibition of complement-mediated damage in @entity309 .

title: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies from XXXX patients activate complement via both the classical and alternative pathways.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement-deficient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity101 to be important in the progression of @entity8 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity1 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity8 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity1 with @entity8 . All @entity1 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity7598 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity631 , @entity16 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity7598 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity7598 was significantly correlated with the @entity631 score, and also with the score for @entity16 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity16 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity631 score and the score for @entity16 were correlated with @entity7598 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity101 is involved in the @entity631 and @entity16 that occurs in @entity8 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular @entity101 in @entity1 with immunoglobulin A XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'IgA nephropathy', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity101 to be important in the progression of @entity8 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity1 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity8 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity1 with @entity8 . All @entity1 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity7598 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity631 , @entity16 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity7598 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity7598 was significantly correlated with the @entity631 score, and also with the score for @entity16 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity16 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity631 score and the score for @entity16 were correlated with @entity7598 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity101 is involved in the @entity631 and @entity16 that occurs in @entity8 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular XXXX in @entity1 with immunoglobulin A @entity8 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies of experimental animals show glomerular @entity101 to be important in the progression of @entity8 . We evaluated this connection clinically by examining the relationship between glomerular hemodynamics and histological changes in @entity1 with immunoglobulin (Ig)A @entity8 . METHODS: The subjects were 23 @entity1 with @entity8 . All @entity1 underwent renal biopsies. Glomerular hemodynamics, in terms of glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure ( @entity7598 ) and the whole-kidney ultrafiltration coefficient, were calculated from the renal clearance, plasma total protein concentration, and pressure-natriuresis relationship. The severity of @entity631 , @entity16 and mesangial matrix expansion was evaluated semiquantitatively. RESULTS: @entity7598 ranged from 33-69 mm Hg, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 79-112 mm Hg. Their correlation was not significant (r= 0.29, P= 0.18). @entity7598 was significantly correlated with the @entity631 score, and also with the score for @entity16 (r= 0.65, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.59, P = 0.007, respectively), but not with the score for mesangial matrix expansion (r= 0.08, P= 0.72). MAP was significantly correlated only with the score for @entity16 (rs = 0.63, P = 0.004). In multiple linear regression analysis of the histological changes and hemodynamics, the @entity631 score and the score for @entity16 were correlated with @entity7598 , but not with MAP. CONCLUSION: These clinical results support the speculation that glomerular @entity101 is involved in the @entity631 and @entity16 that occurs in @entity8 .

title: Relationship of renal histological damage to glomerular @entity101 in XXXX with immunoglobulin A @entity8 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The fetal lung produces and metabolizes @entity3009 (PG) E2. In vitro @entity1421 induces surfactant production via E prostaglandin (EP)1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( @entity268 )-coupled EP (EP2 and EP4) receptors. Glucocorticoids alter PG function and increase lung function in preterm neonates. We hypothesized that fetal exposure to maternally administered @entity5935 (betaM) enhances fetal lung EP1 and @entity268 -coupled EP receptor expression. Pregnant @entity6599 were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with either betaM (n=7) or saline [control (CTR); n=8] at 0.7 gestation. Fetal lungs were removed at cesarean section 48 h after the first injection. We determined mRNA levels, protein localization and abundance for all four @entity1421 receptors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. EP receptors were widely distributed in bronchiolar epithelium, bronchiolar smooth muscle, and endothelium and media of blood vessels, but not alveoli. Compared with CTR, betaM exposure resulted in a twofold EP2 mRNA decrease (p<0.05) in male fetuses only. EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptor mRNA levels were unaffected. Western blot analysis showed no alteration in EP receptor protein expression. In summary, this is the first demonstration of the four EP receptors in fetal lung. The only change after 48-h betaM exposure was a gender-specific decrease in EP2 receptor mRNA.

title: Prostaglandin E2 receptor expression in fetal baboon lung at 0.7 gestation after XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether endotoxin, @entity650 , and circulating adhesion molecules, measured sequentially in blood, can predict mortality and @entity881 in @entity295 . DESIGN: Inception cohort study with follow-up for 28 days. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 14 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in the study within the first 24 hrs after onset of @entity326 . Seven healthy subjects were studied as controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were analyzed for mortality and development of @entity881 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the end of the 28-day follow-up period, seven of the @entity1 were still alive (survivors) but the other seven (nonsurvivors) had died. At the time of enrollment in the study (day 0), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 28.4 in survivors (n = 7) and 28.7 in nonsurvivors (n = 7). In contrast, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( @entity2071 ) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Circulating @entity2071 predicted mortality in @entity1 with @entity326 with a sensitivity and a specificity of 71.4% each. Endotoxin, @entity650 , circulating @entity1196 , @entity8729 , @entity4105 , and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, however, did not distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors. In addition, circulating @entity2071 at day 0 showed a significant correlation with the highest serum @entity648 observed during the entire study period (r2 = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS: Because only circulating @entity2071 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at day 0, circulating @entity2071 may serve as an early prognostic marker for outcome in @entity326 . In addition, measurement of circulating @entity2071 facilitates identification of those @entity1 with the highest risk of developing @entity409 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as an early predictor of hepatic failure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether endotoxin, @entity650 , and circulating adhesion molecules, measured sequentially in blood, can predict mortality and @entity881 in @entity295 . DESIGN: Inception cohort study with follow-up for 28 days. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 : A total of 14 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in the study within the first 24 hrs after onset of @entity326 . Seven healthy subjects were studied as controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were analyzed for mortality and development of @entity881 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the end of the 28-day follow-up period, seven of the @entity1 were still alive (survivors) but the other seven (nonsurvivors) had died. At the time of enrollment in the study (day 0), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 28.4 in survivors (n = 7) and 28.7 in nonsurvivors (n = 7). In contrast, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( @entity2071 ) was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Circulating @entity2071 predicted mortality in @entity1 with @entity326 with a sensitivity and a specificity of 71.4% each. Endotoxin, @entity650 , circulating @entity1196 , @entity8729 , @entity4105 , and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, however, did not distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors. In addition, circulating @entity2071 at day 0 showed a significant correlation with the highest serum @entity648 observed during the entire study period (r2 = 0.963). CONCLUSIONS: Because only circulating @entity2071 was higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors at day 0, circulating @entity2071 may serve as an early prognostic marker for outcome in @entity326 . In addition, measurement of circulating @entity2071 facilitates identification of those @entity1 with the highest risk of developing @entity409 .

title: Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as an early predictor of hepatic failure in XXXX with @entity326 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether young age at diagnosis is a negative prognostic factor in primary @entity0 and how stage of disease at diagnosis and treatment influences such an association. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study based on a population based database of @entity1 with @entity0 containing detailed @entity5 characteristics, treatment regimens, and survival. SETTING: Denmark. SUBJECTS: 10 356 @entity1 with primary @entity0 who were less than 50 years old at diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risk of dying within the first 10 years after diagnosis according to age at diagnosis after adjustment for known prognostic factors and expected mortality. RESULTS: Overall, young @entity1 with @entity258 who did not receive adjuvant treatment had a significantly increased risk of dying; risk increased with decreasing age at diagnosis (adjusted relative risk: 45-49 years (reference): 1; 40-44 years: 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.40); 35-39 years: 1.40 (1.10 to 1.78); <35 years: 2.18 (1.64 to 2.89). However, no similar trend was seen in @entity1 who received adjuvant cytotoxic treatment. The increased risk in younger @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant treatment compared with those who did remained when @entity1 were grouped according to presence of node negative disease and by @entity5 size. CONCLUSION: The negative prognostic effect of young age is almost exclusively seen in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity258 who did not receive adjuvant cytotoxic treatment. These results suggest that young @entity1 with @entity0 , on the basis of age alone, should be regarded as high risk @entity1 and be given adjuvant cytotoxic treatment.

title: Factors influencing the effect of age on prognosis in XXXX : population based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['information on tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low risk disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whether right ventricular systolic time intervals accurately reflect right ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity1576 was determined by assessing the correlation between right ventricular systolic time intervals and the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. DESIGN: A prospective study. SETTING: A surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with @entity1576 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Right ventricular systolic time intervals were determined by the simultaneous graphic display of the electrocardiogram, the phonocardiogram, and the pulmonary artery pressure curve and were expressed as a ratio of the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time. The total electromechanical systole was measured from the onset of the electrocardiographic wave complex to the pulmonic component of the second heart sound. Right ventricular ejection time was measured from the rapid upstroke of the pulmonary artery pressure curve to the dicrotic notch. Right ventricular ejection fraction, from which right ventricular end-systolic volume was derived, was measured by the thermodilution technique. Pulmonary artery dicrotic notch pressure was used as an estimate of right ventricular end-systolic pressure. Data were collected at the baseline and after one or two alterations in preload, to define the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line. There was an inverse correlation between the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio and the slope of the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line (r2 = .67; p < .0001). When @entity1 were divided into two groups, based on the pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio, the slope of the right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship line was lower in the group with a high pre-ejection period/right ventricular ejection time ratio (p < .0001). No difference in other hemodynamic data, between the two groups, was noted. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that right ventricular systolic time intervals reflect right ventricular performance accurately in @entity1 with @entity1576 .

title: Assessment of right ventricular function by right ventricular systolic time intervals in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: There is accumulating evidence for a role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in protection against @entity281 . Only IgG1 and IgG3 are considered cytophilic and protective against P. falciparum, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 were thought to be neither and even to block protective mechanisms. However, no clear pattern of association between isotypes and protection has so far emerged. We analyzed the isotypic distribution of the IgG response to conserved epitopes and @entity3964 blood-stage extract in 283 @entity311 -exposed individuals whose occurrence of @entity281 and @entity311 attack had been monitored for about 1 year. Logistic regression analyses showed that, at the end of the season of transmission, high levels of IgG2 to RESA and to MSP2 epitopes were associated with low risk of @entity281 . Indeed, IgG2 is able to bind FcgammaRIIA in individuals possessing the H131 allele, and we showed that 70% of the study subjects had this allele. Also, high specific IgG4 levels were associated with an enhanced risk of @entity281 and with a high risk of @entity311 attack. Moreover, specific IgG2 and IgG3 levels, as well as the IgG2/IgG4 and IgG3/IgG4 ratios, increased with the age of subjects, in parallel with the protection against @entity281 . IgG4 likely competes with cytophilic antibodies for antigen recognition and may therefore @entity137 mediated by antibody-activated effector cells. In conclusion, these results favor a protective role of IgG3 and IgG2, which may activate effector cells through FcgammaRIIA, and provide evidence for a blocking role of IgG4 in @entity281 .

title: High immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and low IgG4 levels are associated with human resistance to XXXX @entity311 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malarial infection and disease', 'infection and disease', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['block cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: There is accumulating evidence for a role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in protection against @entity281 . Only IgG1 and IgG3 are considered cytophilic and protective against P. falciparum, whereas IgG2 and IgG4 were thought to be neither and even to block protective mechanisms. However, no clear pattern of association between isotypes and protection has so far emerged. We analyzed the isotypic distribution of the IgG response to conserved epitopes and @entity3964 blood-stage extract in 283 @entity311 -exposed individuals whose occurrence of @entity281 and @entity311 attack had been monitored for about 1 year. Logistic regression analyses showed that, at the end of the season of transmission, high levels of IgG2 to RESA and to MSP2 epitopes were associated with low risk of @entity281 . Indeed, IgG2 is able to bind FcgammaRIIA in individuals possessing the H131 allele, and we showed that 70% of the study subjects had this allele. Also, high specific IgG4 levels were associated with an enhanced risk of @entity281 and with a high risk of @entity311 attack. Moreover, specific IgG2 and IgG3 levels, as well as the IgG2/IgG4 and IgG3/IgG4 ratios, increased with the age of subjects, in parallel with the protection against @entity281 . IgG4 likely competes with cytophilic antibodies for antigen recognition and may therefore @entity137 mediated by antibody-activated effector cells. In conclusion, these results favor a protective role of IgG3 and IgG2, which may activate effector cells through FcgammaRIIA, and provide evidence for a blocking role of IgG4 in @entity281 .

title: High immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and low IgG4 levels are associated with human resistance to @entity3964 XXXX .

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']