abstract: UNASSIGNED: Anti- @entity3391 receptor (anti-NMDAR) @entity198 is a severe but @entity74 , initially identified in young @entity1 with an @entity43 . Symptoms include mood, behavior and personality irregularities that resemble acute @entity716 . The present study reports the rare case of a patient with anti-NMDAR @entity198 and severe @entity16 , that exhibited a rapid recovery following a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy. The 39-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine (Osaka, Japan) with a 5-day history of fever and @entity158 . One week later, the @entity1 developed @entity1833 and @entity2777 . Initially, a diagnosis of limbic or herpes @entity198 was considered; thus, the @entity1 was administered @entity1033 and received @entity479 pulse therapy. However, the @entity1 subsequently developed @entity386 , and in response, a tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and plasmapheresis were performed. Anti-NMDAR @entity198 was subsequently considered as a diagnosis and mediastinal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations were conducted to detect for the presence of a @entity44 . A 24*24-mm cystic lesion was identified in the pelvis from an abdominal CT scan and the lesion appeared to be an @entity43 . In addition, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected, and were found to test positive for anti-NMDAR antibodies. A laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, which resulted in rapid improvement of the @entity1 mental symptoms, followed by a complete recovery.

title: Complete recovery from paraneoplastic anti-NMDAR @entity198 associated with a small XXXX following a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy: A case report.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian teratoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop criteria that optimize clinical decisionmaking in the use of radiography after isolated knee @entity130 in adults. DESIGN: A prospective survey of emergency department @entity1 over a 7-month period. Standardized data forms were completed by emergency physicians, residents, and certified physician assistants. SETTING: A large suburban community teaching hospital. @entity1 : Two hundred forty-two @entity1 older than 17 years with isolated @entity3331 sustained less than 24 hours previously. RESULTS: We constructed a clinical decision model, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios. Twenty-eight @entity1 (11.6%) had @entity174 , with the patella the most commonly fractured osseous structure. @entity1 able to walk without limping had not experienced a @entity174 , nor had @entity1 with twist injuries without effusion. Sensitivity of this model for detecting @entity174 was 1.0 (99% confidence interval, .97 to 1.0), and specificity was .337 (99% confidence interval, .26 to .42). CONCLUSION: Clinical decision rules are effective in detecting knee @entity174 with 100% sensitivity and with sufficient specificity to eliminate 29% of knee radiographs in the @entity2613 . These findings require prospective validation.

title: Clinical decision rules discriminate between XXXX and nonfractures in acute isolated knee @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To develop criteria that optimize clinical decisionmaking in the use of radiography after isolated knee @entity130 in adults. DESIGN: A prospective survey of emergency department @entity1 over a 7-month period. Standardized data forms were completed by emergency physicians, residents, and certified physician assistants. SETTING: A large suburban community teaching hospital. @entity1 : Two hundred forty-two @entity1 older than 17 years with isolated @entity3331 sustained less than 24 hours previously. RESULTS: We constructed a clinical decision model, calculating sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratios. Twenty-eight @entity1 (11.6%) had @entity174 , with the patella the most commonly fractured osseous structure. @entity1 able to walk without limping had not experienced a @entity174 , nor had @entity1 with twist injuries without effusion. Sensitivity of this model for detecting @entity174 was 1.0 (99% confidence interval, .97 to 1.0), and specificity was .337 (99% confidence interval, .26 to .42). CONCLUSION: Clinical decision rules are effective in detecting knee @entity174 with 100% sensitivity and with sufficient specificity to eliminate 29% of knee radiographs in the @entity2613 . These findings require prospective validation.

title: Clinical decision rules discriminate between @entity174 and nonfractures in acute isolated knee XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced @entity43 received @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 (CLB) to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of this combination. @entity3003 300 mg m-2 was given on day 1 with CLB 10 mg daily for 7, 10 or 14 days; 6 treatment courses were given at 4-6 weekly intervals in the absence of disease progression. @entity5 response was assessed, where possible, by restaging laparotomy after 6 treatment cycles. Five complete and 16 partial remission were seen in 37 evaluable @entity1 giving an overall response rate of 57%. The median survival of all @entity1 was 15 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity390 and @entity391 were generally minor (WHO, grades I or II) and most courses were given on an outpatient basis. @entity1210 was the major factor causing treatment delays, particularly with the 10 and 14 day CLB regimens. @entity882 was minimal in the early chemotherapy cycles but the data suggest that cumulative @entity137 may occur. This combination may provide a satisfactory degree of efficacy with less @entity137 than @entity900 -based regimens.

title: A pilot study of @entity3003 ( XXXX , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 in combination for advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['Leucopenia']

answer: @entity17327 :: (778,Gene) :: ['JM8']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced @entity43 received @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 (CLB) to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of this combination. @entity3003 300 mg m-2 was given on day 1 with CLB 10 mg daily for 7, 10 or 14 days; 6 treatment courses were given at 4-6 weekly intervals in the absence of disease progression. @entity5 response was assessed, where possible, by restaging laparotomy after 6 treatment cycles. Five complete and 16 partial remission were seen in 37 evaluable @entity1 giving an overall response rate of 57%. The median survival of all @entity1 was 15 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity390 and @entity391 were generally minor (WHO, grades I or II) and most courses were given on an outpatient basis. @entity1210 was the major factor causing treatment delays, particularly with the 10 and 14 day CLB regimens. @entity882 was minimal in the early chemotherapy cycles but the data suggest that cumulative @entity137 may occur. This combination may provide a satisfactory degree of efficacy with less @entity137 than @entity900 -based regimens.

title: A pilot study of XXXX ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 in combination for advanced @entity43 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced @entity43 received @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 (CLB) to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of this combination. @entity3003 300 mg m-2 was given on day 1 with CLB 10 mg daily for 7, 10 or 14 days; 6 treatment courses were given at 4-6 weekly intervals in the absence of disease progression. @entity5 response was assessed, where possible, by restaging laparotomy after 6 treatment cycles. Five complete and 16 partial remission were seen in 37 evaluable @entity1 giving an overall response rate of 57%. The median survival of all @entity1 was 15 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity390 and @entity391 were generally minor (WHO, grades I or II) and most courses were given on an outpatient basis. @entity1210 was the major factor causing treatment delays, particularly with the 10 and 14 day CLB regimens. @entity882 was minimal in the early chemotherapy cycles but the data suggest that cumulative @entity137 may occur. This combination may provide a satisfactory degree of efficacy with less @entity137 than @entity900 -based regimens.

title: A pilot study of @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , XXXX ) and @entity5805 in combination for advanced @entity43 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['CBDCA']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced @entity43 received @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 (CLB) to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of this combination. @entity3003 300 mg m-2 was given on day 1 with CLB 10 mg daily for 7, 10 or 14 days; 6 treatment courses were given at 4-6 weekly intervals in the absence of disease progression. @entity5 response was assessed, where possible, by restaging laparotomy after 6 treatment cycles. Five complete and 16 partial remission were seen in 37 evaluable @entity1 giving an overall response rate of 57%. The median survival of all @entity1 was 15 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity390 and @entity391 were generally minor (WHO, grades I or II) and most courses were given on an outpatient basis. @entity1210 was the major factor causing treatment delays, particularly with the 10 and 14 day CLB regimens. @entity882 was minimal in the early chemotherapy cycles but the data suggest that cumulative @entity137 may occur. This combination may provide a satisfactory degree of efficacy with less @entity137 than @entity900 -based regimens.

title: A pilot study of @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and XXXX in combination for advanced @entity43 .

answer: @entity5805 :: (MESH:D002699,Chemical) :: ['chlorambucil']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 with previously untreated, advanced @entity43 received @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 (CLB) to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of this combination. @entity3003 300 mg m-2 was given on day 1 with CLB 10 mg daily for 7, 10 or 14 days; 6 treatment courses were given at 4-6 weekly intervals in the absence of disease progression. @entity5 response was assessed, where possible, by restaging laparotomy after 6 treatment cycles. Five complete and 16 partial remission were seen in 37 evaluable @entity1 giving an overall response rate of 57%. The median survival of all @entity1 was 15 months. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression. @entity390 and @entity391 were generally minor (WHO, grades I or II) and most courses were given on an outpatient basis. @entity1210 was the major factor causing treatment delays, particularly with the 10 and 14 day CLB regimens. @entity882 was minimal in the early chemotherapy cycles but the data suggest that cumulative @entity137 may occur. This combination may provide a satisfactory degree of efficacy with less @entity137 than @entity900 -based regimens.

title: A pilot study of @entity3003 ( @entity17327 , @entity3003 ) and @entity5805 in combination for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: AIM: This metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of the radiological assessed @entity626 in the whole community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical databases (Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane) were searched for the strategy: [" @entity571 " and "Knee" and "Prevalence"]. The deadline for the search was 31.12.2009. Two investigators (first and senior author) independently made the selection from 17 studies (from a total of 1428) according to the inclusion criteria: a cross-sectional study of the whole community, radiological investigation and definition of knee ROA by an established radiological score. Only studies in English or German language were evaluated. Effect sizes (event rate, odds ratio [OR] and confidence interval [CI]) were calculated by the software "Comprehensive Metaanalysis V2". Study heterogeneity (I2) was determined accordingly to Higgins. RESULTS: The kappa index for interobserver validity was k = 0.948. All studies judged the grade of @entity571 according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score. For calculation of knee ROA KL grades 2+ were estimated only. The total prevalence of knee ROA was 24.3 % (CI 23.4-25.2 %). The whole prevalence in male @entity1 was 24.3 % (CI 23.4-25.2 %); I2 = 59.4 (p = 0.002) and in female @entity1 32.6 % (CI 31.8-33.4 %); I2 = 49,1 (p < 0.001). Younger male @entity1 (age 50-) had a prevalence of 5.6 (CI 4.5-6.8). In older @entity1 (80+) the male prevalence was 44.5 % (CI 39.6-49.5 %). In this age group female @entity1 had a prevalence of 71.6 % (CI 67.6-75.3 %). The higher prevalence of knee ROA in female @entity1 was significant (OR = 1.8 [1.7-1.9]; I2 = 46.0 [p < 0.001]). The prevalence of knee ROA was higher in male Asians compared with male Caucasians (OR = 1.1, CI 0.9-1.2; p = 0.080) in tendency. This difference was significant in female @entity1 (OR = 2.2; CI 2.0-2.4; p < 0.001). Furthermore another trend was evaluated. Female @entity1 (70-79 years) from the birth-year cohort 1920- had a prevalence of 37.8 % (CI 35.9-39.7)%. In contrast female @entity1 from the birth-year cohort 1920 had a prevalence of 62.8 % (CI 60.8-64.8 %) at 70-79 years. This difference was significant (OR = 2.8; CI 2.5-3.1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This investigation confirms the high prevalence of knee ROA. The evaluated data may serve as a reference for medical or scientific investigations in the future.

title: [The prevalence of radiological XXXX in relation to age, gender, birth-year cohort, and ethnic origins].

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reassess the natural history of @entity6582 vera and to obtain reliable estimates of both incidence of @entity715 and survival for use in defining the sample size for therapeutic clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with @entity6582 who had been followed for 20 years. SETTING: 11 Italian hematology institutions. @entity1 : 1213 @entity1 with @entity6582 vera, which was diagnosed according to criteria established by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group and commonly used in clinical practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause mortality, venous and arterial @entity715 , and hematologic and nonhematologic @entity5 . @entity583 and @entity64 were classified as major @entity715 events, and venous and peripheral arterial @entity715 were considered minor @entity715 events. The number of @entity1 who died and the number of those who had major @entity715 events (combined end point) were used as a comprehensive measure of the benefit-risk ratio associated with the use of myelosuppressive agents. RESULTS: 634 fatal and nonfatal arterial and @entity1150 were recorded in 485 @entity1 (41%); 36% of these episodes occurred during follow-up in 230 @entity1 (19%), and 64% occurred either at presentation or before diagnosis. @entity715 events occurred more frequently in the 2 years preceding diagnosis, suggesting a causal relation between the latent @entity6961 and the vascular event. The incidence of @entity715 during follow-up was 3.4%/y; older @entity1 or those with a history of @entity715 had a higher risk for @entity715 . Overall mortality was 2.9/100 @entity1 per year; @entity715 events and @entity1583 had similar effects on mortality. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy died three to four times more frequently than those not receiving chemotherapy. The increased risk for @entity5 in @entity1 receiving myelosuppressive agents was seen approximately 6 years after diagnosis. In addition, the combined end point, computed as the sum of the hardest available events ( @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , or @entity64 ), suggests that myelosuppressive agents have an overall unfavorable effect. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreduction favorably affects the incidence of @entity715 events, but aggressive treatment seems to be associated with increased risk for @entity5 . These results provide a basis for reevaluating the therapeutic strategy in @entity1 with @entity6582 vera and for estimating the size of clinical trials aimed at testing new therapeutic approaches.

title: Polycythemia vera: the natural history of 1213 XXXX followed for 20 years. Gruppo Italiano Studio Policitemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic or nonhematologic cancers']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombotic', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, @entity1118 , @entity308 and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups. METHODS: In total, 439 @entity1 took part in this study: healthy (n = 131), @entity1118 (n = 220), @entity308 (n = 24) and @entity1005 (n = 64). The @entity1 completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale. Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify the @entity1 as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. RESULTS: In the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion. This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to the healthy @entity1 , the @entity1118 group experienced more fear, anger and sadness, the @entity308 group reported more sadness and the @entity1005 group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between @entity308 and @entity1118 individuals. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups.

title: Basic emotion profiles in healthy, @entity1118 , XXXX and @entity1005 individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, @entity1118 , @entity308 and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups. METHODS: In total, 439 @entity1 took part in this study: healthy (n = 131), @entity1118 (n = 220), @entity308 (n = 24) and @entity1005 (n = 64). The @entity1 completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale. Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify the @entity1 as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. RESULTS: In the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion. This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to the healthy @entity1 , the @entity1118 group experienced more fear, anger and sadness, the @entity308 group reported more sadness and the @entity1005 group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between @entity308 and @entity1118 individuals. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups.

title: Basic emotion profiles in healthy, XXXX , @entity308 and @entity1005 individuals.

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare self-reports of five basic emotions across four samples: healthy, @entity1118 , @entity308 and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and to investigate the extent to which basic emotion reports discriminate between individuals in healthy or clinical groups. METHODS: In total, 439 @entity1 took part in this study: healthy (n = 131), @entity1118 (n = 220), @entity308 (n = 24) and @entity1005 (n = 64). The @entity1 completed the trait version of the Basic Emotion Scale. Basic emotion profiles were compared both within each group and between the healthy group and each of the three other groups. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the extent to which basic emotions can be used to classify the @entity1 as belonging to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. RESULTS: In the healthy group, happiness was experienced more than any other basic emotion. This was not found in the clinical groups. In comparison to the healthy @entity1 , the @entity1118 group experienced more fear, anger and sadness, the @entity308 group reported more sadness and the @entity1005 group experienced all of the negative emotions more frequently. Discriminant analysis revealed that happiness was the most important variable in determining whether an individual belonged to the healthy group or one of the clinical groups. Anger was found to further discriminate between @entity308 and @entity1118 individuals. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that basic emotion profile analysis can provide a useful foundation for the exploration of emotional experience both within and between healthy and clinical groups.

title: Basic emotion profiles in healthy, @entity1118 , @entity308 and XXXX individuals.

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['PTSD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The increasing frequency and intensity of taste and odour (T_O) producing cyanobacteria in water sources is a growing global issue. Geosmin and @entity38804 ( @entity5931 ) are the main cyanobacterial T_O compounds and can cause complaints from consumers at levels as low as 10  ng/L. However, literature concerning the performance of full-scale treatment processes for geosmin and @entity5931 removal is rare. Hence, the objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate the accumulation and breakthrough of geosmin and @entity5931 inside full-scale water treatment plants; 2) verify the potential impact of sludge recycling practice on performance of plants; and, 3) assess the effectiveness of aged GAC for the removal of these compounds. Sampling after full-scale treatment processes and GAC pilot assays were conducted to achieve these goals. Geosmin and @entity5931 monitoring in full-scale plants provided the opportunity to rank the performance of studied treatment processes with filtration and granular activated @entity505 providing the best barriers for removal of total and extracellular compounds, correspondingly. Geosmin was removed to a greater extent than @entity5931 using GAC. Geosmin and @entity5931 residuals in water post GAC contactors after two years of operation was 20% and 40% of initial concentrations, correspondingly. Biological activity on the GAC surface enhanced the removal of T_O compounds. These observations demonstrated that a multi-barrier treatment approach is required to ensure cyanobacteria and their T_O compounds are effectively removed from drinking water.

title: Fate of geosmin and XXXX in full-scale water treatment plants.

entities_list: @entity38804 :: ('MESH:C005536', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methylisoborneol']

answer: @entity38804 :: (MESH:C005536,Chemical) :: ['2-methylisoborneol']


abstract: @entity1 ' records were analyzed to evaluate the effect of lymph node dissection on the survival of @entity1 with @entity418 . @entity1 who underwent incomplete resection of the @entity5 were excluded from this study. A conventional lower mediastinal and abdominal lymph node dissection (conventional 2-field dissection) had been performed in 410 @entity1 . A complete dissection of the upper mediastinal nodes was performed in addition in 121 @entity1 (extended 2-field dissection). Sixty-four @entity1 underwent a further dissection of the cervical periesophageal lymph nodes through the thoracic cavity (super-extended 2-field dissection). A cervical, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph node dissection was carried out in another 100 @entity1 (3-field dissection). Background factors in the latter three groups were similar. Mean numbers of dissected lymph nodes in extended 2-field, super extended 2-field, and 3-field dissections were 32, 57, and 77, respectively. Operative mortality rates were 11%, 9%, and 3%, respectively. The five-year survival rates for @entity1 who underwent extended 2-field or 3-field dissection were 43% and 61%; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000113). The four-year survival rate for super-extended 2-field dissection was 53%. Among those @entity1 who underwent 3-field dissection, 58 (58%) had histologically positive lymph nodes. Their five-year survival rate was 47%. The @entity1 ' survival has been improved by increasing the field of lymph node dissection without deterioration of operative mortality.

title: Lymph node dissection for XXXX . Two- and 3-field lymph node dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['thoracic esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Incomplete @entity3541 occurs in about a third of @entity1 with @entity4401 . Although their faces are symmetrical at rest, when they @entity408 they have varying degrees of disfigurement. Currently, cross-face nerve grafting is one of the most useful techniques for reanimation. Transfer of the masseteric nerve, although widely used for complete @entity912 , has not to our knowledge been reported for incomplete palsy. Between December 2008 and November 2013, we reanimated the faces of 9 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) with incomplete unilateral @entity3541 with transposition of the masseteric nerve. Sex, age at operation, cause of @entity912 , duration of denervation, recipient nerves used, and duration of follow-up were recorded. Commissural excursion, velocity, and @entity1 ' satisfaction were evaluated with the FACIAL CLIMA and a questionnaire, respectively. The mean (SD) age at operation was 39 (  6) years and the duration of denervation was 29 (  19) months. There were no complications that required further intervention. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6-26 months. FACIAL CLIMA showed improvement in both commissural excursion and velocity of more than two thirds in 6 @entity1 , more than one half in 2 @entity1 and less than one half in one. Qualitative evaluation showed a slight or pronounced improvement in 7/9 @entity1 . The masseteric nerve is a reliable alternative for reanimation of the @entity408 in @entity1 with incomplete @entity3541 . Its main advantages include its consistent anatomy, a one-stage operation, and low morbidity at the donor site.

title: Masseteric-facial nerve transposition for reanimation of the @entity408 in incomplete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Incomplete @entity3541 occurs in about a third of @entity1 with @entity4401 . Although their faces are symmetrical at rest, when they @entity408 they have varying degrees of disfigurement. Currently, cross-face nerve grafting is one of the most useful techniques for reanimation. Transfer of the masseteric nerve, although widely used for complete @entity912 , has not to our knowledge been reported for incomplete palsy. Between December 2008 and November 2013, we reanimated the faces of 9 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) with incomplete unilateral @entity3541 with transposition of the masseteric nerve. Sex, age at operation, cause of @entity912 , duration of denervation, recipient nerves used, and duration of follow-up were recorded. Commissural excursion, velocity, and @entity1 ' satisfaction were evaluated with the FACIAL CLIMA and a questionnaire, respectively. The mean (SD) age at operation was 39 (  6) years and the duration of denervation was 29 (  19) months. There were no complications that required further intervention. Duration of follow-up ranged from 6-26 months. FACIAL CLIMA showed improvement in both commissural excursion and velocity of more than two thirds in 6 @entity1 , more than one half in 2 @entity1 and less than one half in one. Qualitative evaluation showed a slight or pronounced improvement in 7/9 @entity1 . The masseteric nerve is a reliable alternative for reanimation of the @entity408 in @entity1 with incomplete @entity3541 . Its main advantages include its consistent anatomy, a one-stage operation, and low morbidity at the donor site.

title: Masseteric-facial nerve transposition for reanimation of the XXXX in incomplete @entity3541 .

answer: @entity408 :: (160418,Gene) :: ['smile']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity291 's Milk Protein @entity566 was considered in 303 @entity1 aged less than 1 year, who presented with one or more of the following symptoms: acute reaction related to @entity291 's milk proteins (CMP) ingestion, severe colics, persisting @entity391 , protracted @entity294 with or without blood and mucus, failure to thrive, @entity484 , respiratory symptoms, such as chronic @entity2490 and wheezing. A diagnosis of CMPA was confirmed in 148 cases (60%): 125 relapsed on milk challenge, 23 were not challenged because of acute reactions at onset, presence of specific IgE (RAST and prick), and improvement on milk free diet. @entity402 , familial history of CMPA and previous @entity697 were significantly more frequent in cases than in 191 age matched controls. Breast feeding was not more common or of longer duration in controls, compared to cases. Mean IgE serum levels were higher (46.3 U/ml) in cases than in controls (17 U/ml), while specific @entity291 's Milk Protein IgE were found in 71/148 cases (48%). 15 @entity1 entered the study while on breast milk, because of the confirmed relation between their symptoms and CMP on the maternal diet. These @entity1 had a higher prevalence of IgE mediated problems. All cases improved on a milk free diet but in 26 (17.8%) a further modification of the diet was required after the first prescription. Milk challenge was monitored by simple laboratory tests: all cases who had symptoms on challenge showed at least one test modification. Six @entity1 , with no history of acute reaction, showed severe self-limited clinical symptoms at challenge. Key words: @entity291 's @entity6132 , milk, @entity566 , prick test, @entity484 , @entity294 .

title: XXXX 's @entity6132 in the first year of life. An Italian Collaborative Study.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['Familial atopy']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cow']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity291 's Milk Protein @entity566 was considered in 303 @entity1 aged less than 1 year, who presented with one or more of the following symptoms: acute reaction related to @entity291 's milk proteins (CMP) ingestion, severe colics, persisting @entity391 , protracted @entity294 with or without blood and mucus, failure to thrive, @entity484 , respiratory symptoms, such as chronic @entity2490 and wheezing. A diagnosis of CMPA was confirmed in 148 cases (60%): 125 relapsed on milk challenge, 23 were not challenged because of acute reactions at onset, presence of specific IgE (RAST and prick), and improvement on milk free diet. @entity402 , familial history of CMPA and previous @entity697 were significantly more frequent in cases than in 191 age matched controls. Breast feeding was not more common or of longer duration in controls, compared to cases. Mean IgE serum levels were higher (46.3 U/ml) in cases than in controls (17 U/ml), while specific @entity291 's Milk Protein IgE were found in 71/148 cases (48%). 15 @entity1 entered the study while on breast milk, because of the confirmed relation between their symptoms and CMP on the maternal diet. These @entity1 had a higher prevalence of IgE mediated problems. All cases improved on a milk free diet but in 26 (17.8%) a further modification of the diet was required after the first prescription. Milk challenge was monitored by simple laboratory tests: all cases who had symptoms on challenge showed at least one test modification. Six @entity1 , with no history of acute reaction, showed severe self-limited clinical symptoms at challenge. Key words: @entity291 's @entity6132 , milk, @entity566 , prick test, @entity484 , @entity294 .

title: @entity291 's XXXX in the first year of life. An Italian Collaborative Study.

answer: @entity6132 :: (MESH:D016269,Disease) :: ['milk allergy']


abstract: Two genes, pecA and pecB, encoding endopolyglacturonases were cloned from a highly aggressive strain of @entity11792 . The pecA gene consisted of 1,228 bp encoding a protein of 363 @entity1522 with a predicted molecular mass of 37.6 kDa, interrupted by two introns of 58 and 81 bp in length. Accumulation of pecA mRNA in both pectin- or @entity413 -grown mycelia in the highly aggressive strain matched the activity profile of a pectinase previously identified as P2c. Transformants of a weakly aggressive strain containing a functional copy of the pecA gene produced P2c in vitro, confirming that pecA encodes P2c. The coding region of pecB was determined to be 1,217 bp in length interrupted by two introns of 65 and 54 bp in length. The predicted protein of 366 @entity1522 had an estimated molecular mass of 38 kDa. Transcripts of this gene accumulated in mycelia grown in medium containing pectin alone, never in mycelia grown in @entity413 -containing medium, for both highly and weakly aggressive strains. Thus, pecB encodes the activity previously identified as P1 or P3. pecA and pecB share a high degree of sequence identity with polygalacturonase genes from @entity12799 parasiticus and @entity12799 , further establishing the close relationships between members of the A. flavus group. Conservation of intron positions in these genes also indicates that they share a common ancestor with genes encoding endopolyglacturonases of @entity11150 .

title: Isolation and characterization of polygalacturonase genes (pecA and pecB) from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']


abstract: The enzyme @entity2151 reductase from @entity526 consists of two proteins, R1 and R2. The active R2 protein contains two dinuclear @entity68 centers and the catalytically essential @entity18481 radical. We have explored the redox properties of the @entity18481 radical and estimate an apparent redox potential of +1000 +/- 100 mV (vs SHE) on the basis of the behavior of numerous mediators. The inability of most of these mediators to equilibrate with the @entity18481 radical supports the notion that the radical exists in an extremely protected hydrophobic pocket that prevents most radical scavengers from interacting with the radical, resulting in its unusual stability. The formal midpoint potential of the diiron clusters of the R2 protein was determined to be -115 +/- 2 mV at pH 7.6 and 4 degrees C. This reduction is a two-electron transfer process, making the R2 protein the first of the nonheme diiron proteins not to stabilize a mixed valence intermediate at ambient temperature. The formal midpoint potential of the dinuclear @entity68 centers is pH dependent, exhibiting a 30 mV/pH unit variance, which indicates that one proton is accepted from the solvent per two electrons transferred to the dinuclear @entity68 center upon reduction. The midpoint potential of the site-directed mutant @entity73210 R2 protein was also investigated under the same conditions, and this midpoint potential was determined to be -178 mV, providing the first direct evidence that the presence of the Y122 residue modulates the redox properties of the diiron clusters. The redox potentials of both the wild type and @entity73210 proteins experience cathodic shifts when measured in the presence of @entity2769 or the R1 protein. For the latter, the midpoint potentials were determined to be -226 mV for the wild type protein and -281 mV for the @entity73210 mutant protein, representing a negative shift of over 100 mV for both proteins. These results indicate that the presence of the Y122 residue does not influence the effect of R1 binding, that the R1 protein preferentially binds the oxidized form of R2, and that the binding of R1 acts as a regulatory control mechanism to prevent unnecessary turnover of the dinuclear @entity68 centers.

title: Electron transfer properties of the R2 protein of @entity2151 reductase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The enzyme @entity2151 reductase from @entity526 consists of two proteins, R1 and R2. The active R2 protein contains two dinuclear @entity68 centers and the catalytically essential @entity18481 radical. We have explored the redox properties of the @entity18481 radical and estimate an apparent redox potential of +1000 +/- 100 mV (vs SHE) on the basis of the behavior of numerous mediators. The inability of most of these mediators to equilibrate with the @entity18481 radical supports the notion that the radical exists in an extremely protected hydrophobic pocket that prevents most radical scavengers from interacting with the radical, resulting in its unusual stability. The formal midpoint potential of the diiron clusters of the R2 protein was determined to be -115 +/- 2 mV at pH 7.6 and 4 degrees C. This reduction is a two-electron transfer process, making the R2 protein the first of the nonheme diiron proteins not to stabilize a mixed valence intermediate at ambient temperature. The formal midpoint potential of the dinuclear @entity68 centers is pH dependent, exhibiting a 30 mV/pH unit variance, which indicates that one proton is accepted from the solvent per two electrons transferred to the dinuclear @entity68 center upon reduction. The midpoint potential of the site-directed mutant @entity73210 R2 protein was also investigated under the same conditions, and this midpoint potential was determined to be -178 mV, providing the first direct evidence that the presence of the Y122 residue modulates the redox properties of the diiron clusters. The redox potentials of both the wild type and @entity73210 proteins experience cathodic shifts when measured in the presence of @entity2769 or the R1 protein. For the latter, the midpoint potentials were determined to be -226 mV for the wild type protein and -281 mV for the @entity73210 mutant protein, representing a negative shift of over 100 mV for both proteins. These results indicate that the presence of the Y122 residue does not influence the effect of R1 binding, that the R1 protein preferentially binds the oxidized form of R2, and that the binding of R1 acts as a regulatory control mechanism to prevent unnecessary turnover of the dinuclear @entity68 centers.

title: Electron transfer properties of the R2 protein of XXXX reductase from @entity526 .

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: Genetic determination as well as prospective analysis of islet cell autoantibodies and autoantibodies to @entity2690 were conducted in a population of 479 first degree relatives of 174 Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 @entity1 . Analysis of HLA haplotypes within families illustrated the high frequency of @entity4106 and @entity4107 alleles with preferential transmission from parent to both affected and unaffected offspring. @entity4107 was preferentially associated with DQw3.2 (TA10-) in 60/73 (82.2%) @entity1 and 101/127 (79.5%) relatives. Relatives have been followed for a period of 800 subject-years. Twenty-two out of 430 relatives (5.1%) were found islet cell antibodies (ICA-IgG) positive. Seven sera with low titres became negative 6 months later at two different determinations. Fifteen sera ICA-IgG and ICA-protein A positive with high titres remained positive thereafter. Half of the ICA positive relatives were also found @entity2690 autoantibodies (IAA) positive. All but 3 ICA negative relatives did not have IAA in their sera. Analysis of IAA specificity with competition experiments indicated that most antibodies recognised epitopes shared between @entity1 and pork insulins while four were specific for @entity1 @entity2690 determinants. Analysis of class I and class II HLA antigen distribution indicated no particular allelic restriction in antibody positive individuals. Metabolic status of antibody positive relatives was determined with oral and intravenous charge of @entity413 . Two haplo-identical @entity4106 -DQw2 brothers became @entity6 during the study. One @entity1 and one mother both with @entity4107 -DQw3.2 became intolerant to @entity413 . Each of these relatives had high titre ICA prior to @entity209 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Islet cell and XXXX autoantibodies in subjects at high risk for development of type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) diabetes mellitus: the Lyon family study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic deterioration']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Genetic determination as well as prospective analysis of islet cell autoantibodies and autoantibodies to @entity2690 were conducted in a population of 479 first degree relatives of 174 Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 @entity1 . Analysis of HLA haplotypes within families illustrated the high frequency of @entity4106 and @entity4107 alleles with preferential transmission from parent to both affected and unaffected offspring. @entity4107 was preferentially associated with DQw3.2 (TA10-) in 60/73 (82.2%) @entity1 and 101/127 (79.5%) relatives. Relatives have been followed for a period of 800 subject-years. Twenty-two out of 430 relatives (5.1%) were found islet cell antibodies (ICA-IgG) positive. Seven sera with low titres became negative 6 months later at two different determinations. Fifteen sera ICA-IgG and ICA-protein A positive with high titres remained positive thereafter. Half of the ICA positive relatives were also found @entity2690 autoantibodies (IAA) positive. All but 3 ICA negative relatives did not have IAA in their sera. Analysis of IAA specificity with competition experiments indicated that most antibodies recognised epitopes shared between @entity1 and pork insulins while four were specific for @entity1 @entity2690 determinants. Analysis of class I and class II HLA antigen distribution indicated no particular allelic restriction in antibody positive individuals. Metabolic status of antibody positive relatives was determined with oral and intravenous charge of @entity413 . Two haplo-identical @entity4106 -DQw2 brothers became @entity6 during the study. One @entity1 and one mother both with @entity4107 -DQw3.2 became intolerant to @entity413 . Each of these relatives had high titre ICA prior to @entity209 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Islet cell and @entity2690 autoantibodies in subjects at high risk for development of type 1 ( XXXX -dependent) diabetes mellitus: the Lyon family study.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Six Holstein @entity291 were sampled hourly for 24 h for plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites. @entity291 were sampled at about 2 wk prepartum, at 3 wk postpartum, during a @entity1270 induced by feed restriction to 54% of ad libitum intake, and after a recovery period. They were fed long alfalfa hay postpartum. The onset of lactation caused concentrations of growth hormone, glucagon, @entity4323 , @entity4322 , and total @entity1522 of plasma to increase and those of @entity413 and @entity8788 to decrease. Feed restriction exacerbated changes at 3 wk postpartum except for total @entity1522 and glucagon, which both decreased to prepartal concentrations. Resumption of ad libitum feeding caused most hormones and metabolites to return to prepartum concentrations. Diurnal variations in response to feeding twice daily were most evident for growth hormone, free @entity1718 , and total @entity1522 . The 3-wk postpartum and ketonemic periods gave the greatest responses to feeding. Molar ratios of @entity8788 to glucagon and @entity8788 to growth hormone tended to decrease at 3 wk postpartum and decreased further in @entity1270 , demonstrating hormonal adaptations to decreased energy intake during lactation. Lactation ketosis results from more than severe energy deficit.

title: Glucagon, @entity8788 , growth hormone, and some blood metabolites during energy restriction XXXX of lactating @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketonemia']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1270 :: (MESH:D007662,Disease) :: ['ketonemia']


abstract: Six Holstein @entity291 were sampled hourly for 24 h for plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites. @entity291 were sampled at about 2 wk prepartum, at 3 wk postpartum, during a @entity1270 induced by feed restriction to 54% of ad libitum intake, and after a recovery period. They were fed long alfalfa hay postpartum. The onset of lactation caused concentrations of growth hormone, glucagon, @entity4323 , @entity4322 , and total @entity1522 of plasma to increase and those of @entity413 and @entity8788 to decrease. Feed restriction exacerbated changes at 3 wk postpartum except for total @entity1522 and glucagon, which both decreased to prepartal concentrations. Resumption of ad libitum feeding caused most hormones and metabolites to return to prepartum concentrations. Diurnal variations in response to feeding twice daily were most evident for growth hormone, free @entity1718 , and total @entity1522 . The 3-wk postpartum and ketonemic periods gave the greatest responses to feeding. Molar ratios of @entity8788 to glucagon and @entity8788 to growth hormone tended to decrease at 3 wk postpartum and decreased further in @entity1270 , demonstrating hormonal adaptations to decreased energy intake during lactation. Lactation ketosis results from more than severe energy deficit.

title: Glucagon, @entity8788 , growth hormone, and some blood metabolites during energy restriction @entity1270 of lactating XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Six Holstein @entity291 were sampled hourly for 24 h for plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites. @entity291 were sampled at about 2 wk prepartum, at 3 wk postpartum, during a @entity1270 induced by feed restriction to 54% of ad libitum intake, and after a recovery period. They were fed long alfalfa hay postpartum. The onset of lactation caused concentrations of growth hormone, glucagon, @entity4323 , @entity4322 , and total @entity1522 of plasma to increase and those of @entity413 and @entity8788 to decrease. Feed restriction exacerbated changes at 3 wk postpartum except for total @entity1522 and glucagon, which both decreased to prepartal concentrations. Resumption of ad libitum feeding caused most hormones and metabolites to return to prepartum concentrations. Diurnal variations in response to feeding twice daily were most evident for growth hormone, free @entity1718 , and total @entity1522 . The 3-wk postpartum and ketonemic periods gave the greatest responses to feeding. Molar ratios of @entity8788 to glucagon and @entity8788 to growth hormone tended to decrease at 3 wk postpartum and decreased further in @entity1270 , demonstrating hormonal adaptations to decreased energy intake during lactation. Lactation ketosis results from more than severe energy deficit.

title: Glucagon, XXXX , growth hormone, and some blood metabolites during energy restriction @entity1270 of lactating @entity291 .

answer: @entity8788 :: (280829(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Serum @entity2262 (S-beta 2M) was measured at diagnosis in 44 @entity1 with @entity2214 and 47 with @entity706 . Among @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) S-beta 2M was raised (greater than 3 mg/l) in 74% and in 23.5% of those with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). The frequencies for @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) were 59.2% and 40%, respectively. In @entity1072 patients high serum values correlated with large @entity5 mass, as estimated by Rai's clinical criteria (P less than 0.001), by total peripheral lymphocytes (r = 0.41, P less than 0.05) and by the percentage of bone marrow infiltration of the lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). A significant relation was also found in @entity1072 @entity1 between S-beta 2M level and survival (P less than 0.05). In @entity981 no association was found between S-beta 2M level with peripheral lymphoblast concentration, French-American-British (FAB) subclassification, @entity381 , and survival. In @entity1893 @entity1 a significant association was found between S-beta 2M levels and stage of disease (P less than 0.01) and an obscure relation (P less than 0.1) with the presence of lymph nodes greater than 3 cm in diameter, @entity381 , and @entity382 . No significant association was found between S-beta 2M level and histologic subtypes, presence of B symptoms, bone @entity236 , and survival. In @entity978 @entity1 a significant association was found between the level of S-beta 2M and stage of disease (P less than 0.05) and presence of @entity381 (P less than 0.05). No association was found between S-beta 2M level and histologic subtypes, lymph nodes greater than 3 cm in diameter, bone @entity236 , and B symptoms. A significant relation was found between S-beta 2M level and survival in @entity978 @entity1 with @entity66 (P less than .025).

title: Serum XXXX in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2 microglobulin']


abstract: We describe five cases and review 34 reported cases of multiorgan @entity24516 . Most of the @entity1 with multiorgan involvement have been adults with @entity791 . Organs most commonly infected include the small intestine, urinary tract, biliary tree, and eye; involvement of the respiratory tract, nasal sinuses, and central nervous system is also described but appears to be less frequent. Although @entity1 with multiorgan disease may be asymptomatic, clinical presentation usually relates to the involved organs. @entity16254 and @entity26961 are the most frequently identified species of pathogens. An affinity for certain tissues is observed among different microsporidial species. In all but one case of @entity16254 @entity281 was limited to intestinal and hepatobiliary tracts, a finding suggestive of local extension. In contrast, the @entity1 infected with @entity26961 had widespread involvement, suggesting true hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination. Treatment may have to be based on findings regarding which organs and specific microsporidial species are involved. Further investigation of the pathogenic tendencies and route of acquisition of these organisms and the therapeutic agents active against them is needed.

title: Multiorgan XXXX : report of five cases and review.

entities_list: @entity16254 :: ('31281', 'Species') :: ['E. bieneusi', 'Enterocytozoon bieneusi']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity26961 :: ('58839', 'Species') :: ['Septata intestinalis', 'S. intestinalis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, infection']

answer: @entity24516 :: (MESH:D016881,Disease) :: ['microsporidiosis']


abstract: This is an analysis of the outcome of 35 @entity1 with end-stage @entity8 ( @entity8 ) at Toronto Western Hospital (TWH) during a 10-year period. The primary treatment in each case was hemodialysis. In the 15 @entity1 managed exclusively with hemodialysis the one- and five-year actuarial survival was 93% and 77% respectively. Twenty @entity1 ultimately received a total of 26 cadaveric renal allografts. Graft survival at one year was 76%. One- and five-year @entity1 survival was 92% and 73% respectively. Beyond 5 years a trend towards increased survival in the transplant group was seen, compared with the exclusively hemodialyzed group. @entity1621 prior to transplantation was associated with high morbidity and mortality, and did not change either graft or @entity1 survival. In view of the similar survival and because it is accepted that transplantation offers the highest quality of life amongst the modalities of treatment for @entity454 , transplantation should be considered the treatment of choice for end-stage @entity8 . There is no justification for routine bilateral nephrectomy before renal transplantation.

title: Management of end-stage XXXX with hemodialysis and transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of parasympathetic and sympathetic @entity5433 in long-standing type I diabetics with established @entity8 and to correlate autonomic function with cardiac risk factors. We used prospective analysis of heart rate variations to standardized testing and 24-hour blood pressure control prior to enrollment in a study utilizing various methods of intense diabetic control to prevent @entity8 . The settings were outpatient clinical research units. The @entity1 were 42 type I diabetics with @entity644 (total urinary protein > or = 300 mg/day or urinary albumin > or = 100 mg/day) and @entity1011 clearance > or = 30 mL/min. Heart rate variation during respiratory cycles with change in posture from supine to upright, and during the Valsalva maneuver was recorded by a computerized method. Mean arterial blood pressure was recorded for 24 h by a computerized method. Heart rate variations in this group were abnormal during timed respiratory cycles in 26 of 40 @entity1 (56%), during changes in posture in 15 of 40 @entity1 (38%), and during Valsalva maneuver in 13 of 34 @entity1 (38%) whose @entity989 permitted Valsalva testing. Blunted day/night mean arterial pressure ratios occurred in 18 of 41 (44%) @entity1 and were more severe in @entity1 than in @entity1 (1.00 v 1.06, P < or = .05). Absence of deep tendon reflexes was associated with an increased incidence of both parasympathetic (respiratory rate variation) and sympathetic (postural rate variation) abnormalities (both P < or = .05). @entity1109 was not associated with @entity66 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Autonomic function in type I diabetes mellitus complicated by XXXX . A cross-sectional analysis in the presymptomatic phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'deterioration of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic functional abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of vibration sensation']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity130 is a leading cause of @entity204 and handicap. However, the benefit for the @entity1 of pre-hospital management by emergency physicians remains controversial because it may delay admission to hospital. This study aimed to compare the impact of medical pre-hospital management performed by SMUR (Service Mobile d'Urgences et de R  animation) with non-medical pre-hospital management provided by fire brigades (non-SMUR) on 30-day mortality. METHODS: The FIRST (French Intensive care Recorded in Severe @entity130 ) study is a multicenter cohort study on consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity130 requiring admission to university hospital intensive care units within the first 72 hours. Initial clinical status, pre-hospital life-sustaining treatments and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were recorded. The main endpoint was 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Among 2,703 @entity1 , 2,513 received medical pre-hospital management from SMUR, and 190 received basic pre-hospital management provided by fire brigades. SMUR @entity1 presented a poorer initial clinical status and higher ISS and were admitted to hospital after a longer delay than non-SMUR @entity1 . The crude 30-day mortality rate was comparable for SMUR and non-SMUR @entity1 (17% and 15% respectively; P = 0.61). After adjustment for initial clinical status and ISS, SMUR care significantly reduced the risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR): 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.94, P = 0.03). Further adjustments for the delay to hospital admission only marginally affected these results. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that SMUR management is associated with a significant reduction in 30-day mortality. The role of careful medical assessment and intensive pre-hospital life-sustaining treatments needs to be assessed in further studies.

title: Medical pre-hospital management reduces mortality in severe XXXX : a prospective epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rotavirus (RV) infections affect young @entity1 , but can also occur in adults. We sought to identify risk factors for @entity6425 in adults aged    18 years in Denmark, and to describe illness and genotyping characteristics. From March 2005 to February 2009, we recruited consecutive cases of laboratory-confirmed RV @entity281 and compared them with healthy controls matched by age, gender and municipality of residence. We collected information on illness characteristics and exposures using postal questionnaires. We calculated univariable and multivariable matched odds ratios ( @entity16119 ) with conditional logistic regression. The study comprised 65 cases and 246 controls. Illness exceeded 10 days in 31% of cases; 22% were hospitalized. Cases were more likely than controls to suffer serious underlying health conditions [ @entity16119 5  6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1  7-18], and to report having had close contact with @entity1 with @entity344 ( @entity16119 9  4, 95% CI 3  6-24), in particular young @entity1 aged 18 years. Close contact with young @entity1 @entity16119 adults with @entity344 is the main risk factor for RV @entity281 in adults in Denmark. RV vaccination assessments should consider that RV vaccination in @entity1 may indirectly reduce the burden of disease in adults.

title: A case-control study of risk factors for XXXX in adults, Denmark, 2005-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['RV infections']

answer: @entity6425 :: (MESH:D012400,Disease) :: ['rotavirus infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the pattern of local recurrence after salvage cryoablation of the prostate, and the impact of local recurrence on intermediate-term outcome. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two @entity1 who underwent salvage cryoablation were studied after a mean follow-up of 56 months. Serial prostate biopsy was carried out after cryoablation. The histopathology of prostate biopsies before and after cryoablation were compared. The prognostic value of post-cryoablation biopsy was assessed with the Cox regression method. RESULTS: 23.1% of @entity1 had a positive biopsy for @entity263 following salvage cryoablation. Most @entity5 recurrences occurred in the apex (51.5%), base (21.2%) and seminal vesicles (18.2%). The presence of @entity5 at the base of the prostate was found to be a prognostic factor for eventual biochemical failure. Overall 5-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) was 28%, however @entity1 with @entity5 at the base of the prostate had a 5-year bDFS of 0%. CONCLUSION: @entity5 occurred in areas where @entity146 freezing was avoided as it might result in serious problems (e.g., @entity9292 and @entity322 ). Post-cryoablation biopsies and the location of persistent disease are of prognostic value.

title: The pattern of XXXX local recurrence after radiation and salvage cryoablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer recurrences']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['urethro-rectal fistula']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Morphological changes were correlated with biochemical data induced by @entity3695 (PRL) in cultured @entity35 granulosa cells from large preovulatory follicles. Biochemical results indicated that PRL exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibition in gonadotrophin-induced secretion of @entity1420 and @entity53 . PRL alone failed to affect basal steroidogenic secretion. In parallel morphological experiments, using phase-contrast microscopy, untreated and 100 ng/ml PRL-treated cells appeared as a monolayer of flattened, fibroblast-like cells. Upon exposure to 0.4 IU/ml @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ), aggregates of rounded, epithelioid-shaped cells were formed. The addition of PRL to @entity3566 in the same doses minimized the changes induced by @entity3566 . Similarly, electron microscopy of untreated and PRL-treated cultures revealed flat cells devoid of microvilli, with evenly dispersed microfilaments. The addition of @entity3566 caused rounding of the cells and was accompanied by the appearance of microvilli and by pronounced @entity134 -producing organelles. Bundles of microfilaments were noted at the cell periphery. PRL added to @entity3566 caused a reduction of the @entity3566 effects, and the cell morphology was intermediate to that seen in untreated and @entity3566 -treated cultures. The finding that PRL can prevent or minimize morphological changes caused by @entity3566 in @entity35 cultured granulosa cells correlates with the biochemical changes induced by PRL, and supports the concept that PRL is a modulator of gonadotrophic action in the ovary.

title: Effects of XXXX on the morphology of cultured @entity35 granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: Morphological changes were correlated with biochemical data induced by @entity3695 (PRL) in cultured @entity35 granulosa cells from large preovulatory follicles. Biochemical results indicated that PRL exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibition in gonadotrophin-induced secretion of @entity1420 and @entity53 . PRL alone failed to affect basal steroidogenic secretion. In parallel morphological experiments, using phase-contrast microscopy, untreated and 100 ng/ml PRL-treated cells appeared as a monolayer of flattened, fibroblast-like cells. Upon exposure to 0.4 IU/ml @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ), aggregates of rounded, epithelioid-shaped cells were formed. The addition of PRL to @entity3566 in the same doses minimized the changes induced by @entity3566 . Similarly, electron microscopy of untreated and PRL-treated cultures revealed flat cells devoid of microvilli, with evenly dispersed microfilaments. The addition of @entity3566 caused rounding of the cells and was accompanied by the appearance of microvilli and by pronounced @entity134 -producing organelles. Bundles of microfilaments were noted at the cell periphery. PRL added to @entity3566 caused a reduction of the @entity3566 effects, and the cell morphology was intermediate to that seen in untreated and @entity3566 -treated cultures. The finding that PRL can prevent or minimize morphological changes caused by @entity3566 in @entity35 cultured granulosa cells correlates with the biochemical changes induced by PRL, and supports the concept that PRL is a modulator of gonadotrophic action in the ovary.

title: Effects of @entity3695 on the morphology of cultured XXXX granulosa cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Fibrinolytic therapy is an alternative to urgent reoperation for @entity1 with St. Jude @entity715 , but requires an accurate method for repeated assessment of prosthetic function. Since the St. Jude valve is not well visualized by conventional cinefluoroscopy, digital subtraction techniques were developed that improved visualization of the value and allowed assessment of leaflet separation and velocity. A 74 year old @entity1 with @entity715 5 years after St. Jude aortic valve placement had an opening angle of 58 degrees (normal range 10 to 13; n = 8) with a maximal opening velocity of 1.37 degrees/ms (normal range 2.46 to 2.93). The closing angle was 125 degrees (normal range 120 to 127) with a maximal closing velocity of 1.38 degrees/ms (normal range 2.24 to 3.60). The @entity1 received 250,000 U of streptokinase intravenously, then 100,000 U/h for 72 hours. Improvement in auscultatory findings occurred at 12 hours; repeat digital cinefluoroscopy showed an opening angle of 20 degrees with a maximal velocity of 2.77 degrees/ms, and a closing angle of 126 degrees with a maximal velocity of 1.91 degrees/ms. Digital cinefluoroscopy 4 weeks after discharge on @entity1229 and @entity4341 therapy was unchanged. There have been no @entity1031 after 6 months of follow-up. Thus, digital cinefluoroscopy is a new noninvasive technique that permits accurate measurement of normal and abnormal St. Jude leaflet function. Intravenous streptokinase dissolution of @entity715 under digital cinefluoroscopic guidance may be an acceptable alternative to emergency reoperation. The frequency and significance of residual subclinical @entity409 after fibrinolytic therapy and the indications for elective reoperation require further evaluation.

title: Fibrinolytic therapy of St. Jude valve XXXX under guidance of digital cinefluoroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['leaflet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crevicular application of a collagen stabilizer on ligature-induced @entity2520 in @entity235 . Fourteen male and female @entity235 , 15 months of age, were studied. The mandibular first molars and third and fourth premolars were ligated for 6 months and moderate @entity2521 resulted. Ligatures were removed for 2 months and then replaced for an additional 3 months to experimentally mimic the episodic changes seen in @entity1 @entity2520 . Following this phase, ligatures were removed and the animals were assigned to a placebo or treatment group. Medications were then applied intracrevicularly, three times a week over 5 months using an IMAX irrigator. Clinical indices measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), @entity10273 ( @entity10273 ), @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ) and standardized radiographic analysis of alveolar bone height. While overall changes in PI, GI and GCF were not significant, the results showed that alveolar bone regeneration was increased approximately twice as much in the treatment group as compared to the placebo group, @entity5951 improved by 20% vs. 12.5% (P less than 0.001) and @entity10273 improved by 8.8% vs. 4.5% (P less than 0.001). The data were also evaluated in terms of the response in more severe sites as compared to those less severe. The results of these evaluations showed the more severe sites to be significantly more responsive to treatment than the less severe sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The application of a collagen stabilizer to the gingiva of the @entity235 . Effect on ligature-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'attachment level']

entities_list: @entity5951 :: ('MESH:D005888', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pocket depth']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of crevicular application of a collagen stabilizer on ligature-induced @entity2520 in @entity235 . Fourteen male and female @entity235 , 15 months of age, were studied. The mandibular first molars and third and fourth premolars were ligated for 6 months and moderate @entity2521 resulted. Ligatures were removed for 2 months and then replaced for an additional 3 months to experimentally mimic the episodic changes seen in @entity1 @entity2520 . Following this phase, ligatures were removed and the animals were assigned to a placebo or treatment group. Medications were then applied intracrevicularly, three times a week over 5 months using an IMAX irrigator. Clinical indices measured were plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), @entity10273 ( @entity10273 ), @entity5951 ( @entity5951 ) and standardized radiographic analysis of alveolar bone height. While overall changes in PI, GI and GCF were not significant, the results showed that alveolar bone regeneration was increased approximately twice as much in the treatment group as compared to the placebo group, @entity5951 improved by 20% vs. 12.5% (P less than 0.001) and @entity10273 improved by 8.8% vs. 4.5% (P less than 0.001). The data were also evaluated in terms of the response in more severe sites as compared to those less severe. The results of these evaluations showed the more severe sites to be significantly more responsive to treatment than the less severe sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The application of a collagen stabilizer to the gingiva of the XXXX . Effect on ligature-induced @entity2520 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dog']


abstract: Current methods to evaluate the size and local extent of @entity263 are imprecise. Quantitative assessments of changes after therapy are unreliable. We have used transrectal ultrasonography in 50 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 to determine the value of this imaging technique in staging the local @entity5 and in monitoring the response of the @entity5 to therapy. Transverse images of the prostate were obtained at 5 mm. intervals, and were used to determine the size and shape of the prostate, irregularity or discontinuity of the capsule, extracapsular extension of @entity5 and invasion into the seminal vesicles. Ultrasonography proved highly accurate in staging. Among 18 previously untreated @entity1 whose @entity5 appeared to be confined to the prostate by rectal examination 8 (44 per cent) had extension beyond the prostate by ultrasonography, which was confirmed by operative findings. Serial ultrasonograms were performed before and after definitive radiotherapy in 7 @entity1 and chemotherapy in 6 @entity1 . In response to therapy the prostate decreased in size and resumed a more normal, symmetrical shape, the capsule reformed and thickened, the degree of extracapsular extension diminished and the seminal vesicles became normal. Maximal reduction in the size of the prostate usually occurred by 9 months after radiotherapy and by 3 months after chemotherapy. In @entity1 with @entity263 transrectal ultrasonography is highly accurate in staging and offers an objective monitor of the response to therapy.

title: Transrectal ultrasonography for XXXX : its value in staging and monitoring the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: The clinical presentation, management and outcome of all @entity1 with @entity1157 who presented to our tertiary care centre at various stages after cholecystectomy were analyzed. The @entity1 were categorized into three groups: group A- @entity1 in whom the injury was detected during cholecystectomy, group B- @entity1 who presented within 2  weeks of cholecystectomy and group C- @entity1 who presented after 2  weeks of cholecystectomy. Our team acted as rescue surgeons and performed 'on-table' repair for injuries occurring in another unit or in another hospital. Strasberg classification of @entity1157 was followed. In group A, partial and complete transections were managed by repair over T-tube and high hepaticojejunostomy, respectively. @entity1 in group B underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and/or magnetic resonance cholangiogram to evaluate the biliary tree. Those with intact common bile duct underwent endoscopic papillotomy and stenting in addition to drainage of intra-abdominal collection when present. For those with complete transection, early repair was considered if there was no @entity295 . In presence of intra-abdominal @entity295 an attempt was made to create controlled external @entity3116 . This was followed by hepatico jejunostomy at least after 3  months. Group C @entity1 underwent hepaticojejunostomy at least 6  weeks after the injury. The outcome was graded into three categories: grade A-no clinical symptoms, normal LFT; grade B-no clinical symptoms, mild derangement of LFT or occasional episodes of @entity158 or fever; grade C- @entity158 , @entity255 and abnormal LFT; grade D-surgical revision or dilatation required. Fifty nine @entity1 were included in the study and the distribution was group A-six @entity1 , group B-33 @entity1 and group C-20 @entity1 . In group A, one @entity1 with complete transection of the right hepatic duct (type C) and partial @entity99 ( @entity99 ) underwent right hepaticojejunostomy and repair of the @entity99 over stent. Two @entity1 with type D and three @entity1 with type E 2 injury underwent repair over T-tube and hepaticojejunostomy, respectively. In group B, all except one of the 18 @entity1 with @entity130 underwent endoscopic papillotomy and stenting. The @entity1157 subsided at a mean interval of 8  days in all, except one @entity1 who died of fulminant @entity295 . Of the 15 @entity1 with type E injury, five underwent hepaticojejunostomy after a minimum gap of 3  months. Early repair was considered in 10 @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 in group C underwent hepaticojejunostomy. In a mean follow-up of 40  months, the outcome was grade A in 54 @entity1 , grade B in three @entity1 (one from each of the three groups) and grade D in one @entity1 (group C). The latter @entity1 with a type E3 injury developed recurrent stricture and @entity255 necessitating percutaneous transhepatic dilatation. The high success rate of bile duct repair in the present study can be attributed to the appropriate timing, meticulous technique and the tertiary care experience.

title: Management of XXXX at Various Stages of Presentation: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'bile leak']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['LHD', 'injury to left hepatic duct']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type A injury']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile Duct Injury']


abstract: Introduction : @entity884 is a serious infection of the heart endothelium and valves. It carries long-term health risks and compromises the @entity299 . However, this condition has been rarely observed since the introduction of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. Dentists play a major role in preventing @entity884 in susceptible @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the levels of awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity884 among students and young dentists at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods : This cross-sectional study included 367 dental students and dental interns who answered a questionnaire designed to assess their awareness levels; it included questions pertaining to demographic information and questions examining the general knowledge of the @entity1 with regard to antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity884 . Results : An average of 50% of the @entity1 clearly lacked knowledge regarding the conditions that require antibiotic prophylaxis, while an average of 65% provided correct answers pertaining to the conditions that do not require prophylaxis. Regarding dental procedures that require prophylaxis, the majority of responses were correct with an average of 71.2%. With regard to the type of antibiotic to be prescribed, 63.5% of the @entity1 chose to prescribe 2 g of @entity115 as a first-line antibiotic. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the levels of awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity884 are below 100%. Awareness is essential because of the cardiac risks associated with the lack of appropriate treatment. Up-to-date and accurate knowledge is mandatory for all dental students and interns who see and treat @entity1 on a daily basis.

title: Awareness of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for XXXX Among Dental Students and Interns at a Teaching Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart condition']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective Endocarditis']


abstract: Benign @entity3148 of infancy (BMEI) is an @entity74 characterized by spontaneous @entity2045 with onset in the first 2 years of life. We observed 6 neurologically normal @entity1 (aged 6-21 months) with attacks that resembled those of BMEI but that occurred as reflex responses to unexpected auditory and tactile stimuli. four @entity1 also had rare spontaneous attacks. These reflex attacks consisted of isolated muscle jerks or clusters of up to eight symmetric limb jerks affecting mainly the arms. Five of the @entity1 had a family history of @entity410 . @entity2045 disappeared in 4-14 months. In 3 @entity1 , the jerks stopped spontaneously; the others responded to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). @entity2045 could be elicited in wakefulness and in sleep. Ictal EEGs showed brief generalized spike- or polyspike-and-wave discharges. Interictal EEGs were normal during wakefulness; during sleep, brief generalized discharges were evident. We propose that reflex @entity3148 of infancy (RMEI) is a new age-dependent @entity302 ( @entity302 ) syndrome, with an apparently good prognosis.

title: Reflex @entity3148 in infancy: a new age-dependent XXXX related to startle reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy or febrile convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Myoclonic attacks', 'Myoclonus', 'myoclonic attacks']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epileptic', 'IGE']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['idiopathic epileptic syndrome']


abstract: Benign @entity3148 of infancy (BMEI) is an @entity74 characterized by spontaneous @entity2045 with onset in the first 2 years of life. We observed 6 neurologically normal @entity1 (aged 6-21 months) with attacks that resembled those of BMEI but that occurred as reflex responses to unexpected auditory and tactile stimuli. four @entity1 also had rare spontaneous attacks. These reflex attacks consisted of isolated muscle jerks or clusters of up to eight symmetric limb jerks affecting mainly the arms. Five of the @entity1 had a family history of @entity410 . @entity2045 disappeared in 4-14 months. In 3 @entity1 , the jerks stopped spontaneously; the others responded to @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). @entity2045 could be elicited in wakefulness and in sleep. Ictal EEGs showed brief generalized spike- or polyspike-and-wave discharges. Interictal EEGs were normal during wakefulness; during sleep, brief generalized discharges were evident. We propose that reflex @entity3148 of infancy (RMEI) is a new age-dependent @entity302 ( @entity302 ) syndrome, with an apparently good prognosis.

title: Reflex XXXX in infancy: a new age-dependent @entity302 related to startle reaction.

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']


abstract: Tests for the induction of chromosomal @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) and micronuclei (MN) in bone marrow cells of @entity19 have been conducted on 65 chemicals. Although these tests were not conducted with the purpose of comparing the outcomes of these two in vivo @entity74 endpoints, the availability of these test results permits such a comparison. Based on studies to date, results from the 2 tests agree for more than 80% of the chemicals; 17 gave positive results in both tests, and 36 gave negative results in both. Seven chemicals were positive only for @entity2008 and 5 were positive only for MN. Three chemicals that were originally concluded to be positive for @entity2008 but not for MN were found to induce MN when the MN protocol was modified to more closely reflect the @entity2008 protocol. Among the 12 chemicals for which there are discrepant results, there are only 2 for which the difference is convincing. One of these, @entity18519 (MN negative, @entity2008 positive) remains an enigma; further studies are being conducted. The second, @entity21045 (MN positive, @entity2008 negative) will be difficult to pursue because the studies reported here were done by inhalation exposure. Based on the outcomes of these comparisons, protocol factors, rather than endpoint specificity, appear to be the major source of discrepant test results. Thus, these results do not support a recommendation that both tests be conducted in a primary testing scheme for @entity74 .

title: Comparison of results from XXXX bone marrow chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity18519 :: ('MESH:C025698', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium sulfide']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['aberrations', 'ABS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity4861 ( @entity10673 and @entity1412 ) are @entity74 resulting in defects in @entity8 of @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity2865 . Previously considered as genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneous diseases, recent evidence suggests that they constitute a spectrum of disease caused by different genetic mutations with the molecular defects of @entity2865 reabsorption originating at different sites of the nephron in each condition. Although they share some characteristic @entity209 such as @entity1371 , @entity5838 , @entity1373 of the juxtaglomerular apparatus with hyperreninemia, @entity1368 , the clinical and laboratory manifestations may not always allow distinction between them. Diuretics tests, measuring the changes in urinary fractional excretion of @entity2865 from baseline after administration of either @entity918 or @entity1483 show very little change (< 2.3%) in the fractional excretion of @entity2865 from baseline in @entity1412 when compared with @entity10673 , except when @entity10673 is associated with @entity19377 mutations where a good response to both diuretics exists. The diuretic test is not recommended for @entity1 or young @entity1 with suspected @entity10673 because of a higher risk of volume depletion in such @entity1 . Clinical symptoms and biochemical markers of @entity1412 and classic form of @entity10673 (type III) may overlap and thus genetic analysis may specify the real cause of symptoms. However, although genetic analysis is available, its use remains limited because of limited availability, large gene dimensions, lack of hot-spot mutations, heavy workup time and costs involved. Furthermore, considerable overlap exists between the different genotypes and phenotypes. Although @entity10673 and @entity1412 usually have distinct presentations and are associated with specific gene mutations, there remains considerable overlap between their phenotypes and genotypes. Thus, they are better described as a spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different gene mutations.

title: XXXX : Spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by different mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular handling']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['Bartter and Gitelman syndromes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorders']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity4861 :: (MESH:D053579,Disease) :: ['Bartter and Gitelman syndromes']


abstract: What is distinctive about bacterial @entity6722 , as compared to, for example, taste in the @entity7105 , is the time over which decisions must be made. The lower limit is set by diffusion of chemicals to and from the cell surface, which demands long times for statistically significant counts. The upper limit is set by diffusion of the cell itself, which demands short times for well-defined swimming paths. For an organism the size of @entity526 , temporal comparisons of the concentrations of chemicals in the environment must be made within a few seconds. Although such short time spans might be difficult for the biochemist, they are not so difficult for @entity526 , because diffusion can carry a small molecule across the cell in about 1 msec. @entity526 has the opposite problem: How does it integrate inputs from many receptors over periods 1000 times as long? The mechanisms for this signal processing are beginning to be understood. We know how most chemical attractants are identified, how temporal comparisons might be made, and how the behavioral output is effected. We know less about how sensory information crosses the cytoplasmic membrane, how the reactions that link the receptors to the flagella generate such high gain, and what actually controls the direction of @entity717 . One thing is quite clear: @entity526 demands our admiration and respect.

title: A physicist looks at bacterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['flagellar rotation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to compare the effect of conventional corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in treatment of @entity9042 . DESIGN: A comparative interventional study was employed. @entity1 : @entity1 were consecutive cases of progressive @entity9042 receiving either conventional (3   mW/cm(2) irradiance for 30   min) or accelerated CXL (9   mW/cm(2) irradiance for 10   min). METHODS: Clinical and topographic parameters were compared between the two groups. Postoperative corneal stromal demarcation line was measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and topographic parameters such as corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), mean keratometry (Kmean), demarcation line depth were gathered from medical records. RESULTS: There were a total of 26 eyes with an average follow up of 13.9        6.3 months. Fourteen eyes received conventional CXL, and 12 eyes had accelerated CXL. In the conventional CXL group, CDVA improved significantly (P   =   0.021). There was also a significant reduction in Kmax (P   =   0.003) and Kmean (P   =   0.002). In the accelerated CXL group, no significant changes were found in CDVA (P   =   0.395), Kmax (P   =   0.388) and Kmean (P   =   0.952) postoperatively. A significantly greater reduction in Kmax and Kmean were seen in conventional CXL compared to its accelerated counterpart (P   =   0.001 and 0.015, respectively). The demarcation line was deeper in eyes with conventional CXL (P   =   0.013), and the depth correlated significantly with the change in Kmean (r   =   -0.432, P   =   0.045). CONCLUSION: Conventional and accelerated CXL are effective in stabilizing @entity9042 progression after a mean of 12 months. @entity1 undergoing conventional CXL showed clinical improvement with greater corneal flattening, which correlated with a deeper corneal stromal demarcation line. This current study is the first to report such correlation.

title: Conventional versus accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'Participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']