abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wound infections and @entity2080 formations are important problems in @entity4037 repair operations using synthetic mesh grafts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of synthetic mesh soaked in @entity2176 solution on the rate of graft @entity281 . The total number of subjects was 52. The subjects were randomized into 2 groups using a software program. Group 1 (n = 26) was the control group. In group 2 (n = 26), synthetic mesh was soaked in a @entity2176 solution before it was implanted. The @entity1 were compared with respect to demographic characteristics and preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the available variables. @entity2080 development was significantly more common in group 2 (P < 0.041). Three @entity1 (5.7%) developed @entity2737 , and 9 (17%) developed @entity281 . No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of @entity281 . The use of synthetic mesh soaked in @entity2176 solution had no beneficial effects on the rate of wound-site @entity281 . Future randomized, controlled, large-scale studies using the same mesh and suture types, and meshes soaked in larger spectrum antibiotics are needed.

title: The Effect of the Use of Synthetic Mesh Soaked in Antibiotic Solution on the Rate of Graft Infection in XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Study.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seroma', 'seroma']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection 2-type wound-site infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed a novel test for the surgical margin of @entity5 using a cytologic technique (the run-across method in which a glass slide is run across the staple site), and we have assessed whether this method is useful in predicting margin relapse and prognosis. METHODS: From April 1996 to March 1999, 15 lesions of stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) (maximum diameter ranged from 10 to 35 mm with a median of 20 mm) from 15 @entity1 with @entity73 were excised without additional proximal resections. The surgical margin was examined using the run-across method. There were 8 male 7 female @entity1 whose ages ranged from 51 to 80 years. One @entity1 underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery and 14 underwent thoracotomy. The preoperative diagnoses of the @entity1 were 13 @entity420 , @entity957 , and 1 undiagnosed lesion (1 @entity420 ). The follow-up period ranged from 37 to 63 months. RESULTS: The rate of positive cytology was 47% in comparison with the rate of positive histology of 20%. There were 4 @entity1 with margin relapse (3 of them contained negative histology margins) at a rate of 57% among the positive cytology @entity1 in comparison with 0% among the negative cytology @entity1 (p = 0.03). In a comparison of survival between the negative cytology group and the positive cytology group, there were no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The run-across method is also useful in confirming complete resection. A positive cytology margin could lead to margin relapse even if a @entity1149 is resected with a negative histology margin.

title: Cytologically malignant margins of wedge resected stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary impairment']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['2 squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent @entity3886 with @entity3585 ( @entity3585 ) has rarely been brought into the focus. METHODS: Of 299 @entity1 who underwent an arterial switch operation between January 1991 and January 2001, 23 @entity1 had anatomic @entity3585 . Age ranged from 4 days to 18 years (median 90 days) and weight ranged from 2.6 to 35 kg (median 4.3 kg). Surgical management included arterial switch operation, closure of @entity1757 wherever indicated, and excision of @entity3585 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with preoperative @entity3585 there were 2 early deaths and 8 @entity1 had mild @entity338 at the time of discharge. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 9 years (mean 60 +/- 12 months). In 4 @entity1 who had mild @entity338 at discharge, the regurgitation progressed to moderate or severe degree after a follow-up of 22 to 72 months. In 1 @entity1 mild @entity339 present at the time of discharge progressed to severe @entity339 . This @entity1 subsequently underwent double valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of preoperative anatomical @entity3585 in @entity1 undergoing arterial switch operation predicts high incidence of @entity86 .

title: Late outcome after @entity3886 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'LVOTO']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['arterial switch operation for complete transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['neoaortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neoaortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent @entity3886 with @entity3585 ( @entity3585 ) has rarely been brought into the focus. METHODS: Of 299 @entity1 who underwent an arterial switch operation between January 1991 and January 2001, 23 @entity1 had anatomic @entity3585 . Age ranged from 4 days to 18 years (median 90 days) and weight ranged from 2.6 to 35 kg (median 4.3 kg). Surgical management included arterial switch operation, closure of @entity1757 wherever indicated, and excision of @entity3585 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with preoperative @entity3585 there were 2 early deaths and 8 @entity1 had mild @entity338 at the time of discharge. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 9 years (mean 60 +/- 12 months). In 4 @entity1 who had mild @entity338 at discharge, the regurgitation progressed to moderate or severe degree after a follow-up of 22 to 72 months. In 1 @entity1 mild @entity339 present at the time of discharge progressed to severe @entity339 . This @entity1 subsequently underwent double valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of preoperative anatomical @entity3585 in @entity1 undergoing arterial switch operation predicts high incidence of @entity86 .

title: Late outcome after XXXX with @entity3585 .

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['arterial switch operation for complete transposition of great arteries']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity796 , the predominant cause of chronic airway infections of @entity1 with @entity1577 , exhibits extensive phenotypic diversity among isolates within and between sputum samples, but little is known about the underlying genetic diversity. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the population genetic structure of transmissible @entity796 Liverpool Epidemic Strain in chronic infections of nine @entity1 with @entity1577 , and infer evolutionary processes associated with adaptation to the @entity82 . METHODS: We performed whole-genome sequencing of @entity796 isolates and pooled populations and used comparative analyses of genome sequences including phylogenetic reconstructions and resolution of population structure from genome-wide allele frequencies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Genome sequences were obtained for 360 isolates from nine @entity1 . Phylogenetic reconstruction of the ancestry of 40 individually sequenced isolates from one @entity1 sputum sample revealed the coexistence of two genetically diverged, recombining lineages exchanging potentially adaptive mutations. Analysis of population samples for eight additional @entity1 indicated coexisting lineages in six cases. Reconstruction of the ancestry of individually sequenced isolates from all @entity1 indicated smaller genetic distances between than within @entity1 in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our population-level analysis demonstrates that coexistence of distinct lineages of @entity796 Liverpool Epidemic Strain within individuals is common. In several cases, coexisting lineages may have been present in the infecting inoculum or assembled through multiple transmissions. Divergent lineages can share mutations via homologous recombination, potentially aiding adaptation to the airway during @entity281 . The genetic diversity of this transmissible strain within infections, revealed by high-resolution genomics, has implications for @entity1 segregation and therapeutic strategies.

title: Divergent, Coexisting @entity796 Lineages in Chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis lung']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity796 , the predominant cause of chronic airway infections of @entity1 with @entity1577 , exhibits extensive phenotypic diversity among isolates within and between sputum samples, but little is known about the underlying genetic diversity. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the population genetic structure of transmissible @entity796 Liverpool Epidemic Strain in chronic infections of nine @entity1 with @entity1577 , and infer evolutionary processes associated with adaptation to the @entity82 . METHODS: We performed whole-genome sequencing of @entity796 isolates and pooled populations and used comparative analyses of genome sequences including phylogenetic reconstructions and resolution of population structure from genome-wide allele frequencies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Genome sequences were obtained for 360 isolates from nine @entity1 . Phylogenetic reconstruction of the ancestry of 40 individually sequenced isolates from one @entity1 sputum sample revealed the coexistence of two genetically diverged, recombining lineages exchanging potentially adaptive mutations. Analysis of population samples for eight additional @entity1 indicated coexisting lineages in six cases. Reconstruction of the ancestry of individually sequenced isolates from all @entity1 indicated smaller genetic distances between than within @entity1 in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our population-level analysis demonstrates that coexistence of distinct lineages of @entity796 Liverpool Epidemic Strain within individuals is common. In several cases, coexisting lineages may have been present in the infecting inoculum or assembled through multiple transmissions. Divergent lineages can share mutations via homologous recombination, potentially aiding adaptation to the airway during @entity281 . The genetic diversity of this transmissible strain within infections, revealed by high-resolution genomics, has implications for @entity1 segregation and therapeutic strategies.

title: Divergent, Coexisting XXXX Lineages in Chronic @entity82 .

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: In @entity35 , galanin is colocalized in GnRH neurons, and galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons is increased coincidentally with the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. Whether the induction of galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons at proestrus reflects the action of sex @entity230 is unknown. We tested this hypothesis by challenging ovariectomized @entity35 (n = 7) with @entity172 and @entity1420 (E/P) to induce a LH surge and measuring galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons to determine whether there was an associated induction of galanin message in these cells. We used single and double label in situ hybridization and image analysis to compare among groups the levels of both galanin mRNA and GnRH mRNA in GnRH neurons. We found that @entity134 -primed animals showed an approximately 400% induction of galanin mRNA signal in GnRH neurons over that in vehicle-treated animals. Second, we hypothesized that @entity134 -dependent events which induce the expression of galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons depend on transsynaptic input to GnRH neurons. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of a pharmacological blockade of the @entity134 -induced activation of GnRH neurons on levels of galanin mRNA in these cells. We killed groups of ovariectomized adult female @entity35 at the peak of a E/P-primed LH surge (n = 7) and after @entity134 priming followed by blockade of the LH surge with either the general anesthetic @entity4485 (n = 7) or the specific alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker @entity5333 (n = 7). When we examined signal levels representing galanin mRNA content in GnRH neurons, we observed a 4-fold increase in signal for galanin mRNA in the GnRH neurons of @entity134 -primed (E/P surge) animals compared with that in oil-treated controls (P < 0.0004). This increase in galanin mRNA was prevented when the LH surge was blocked by treatment with either @entity4485 or @entity5333 (P < 0.03 and P < 0.0001 vs. E/P surge controls, respectively). Cellular levels of GnRH mRNA were not different among control, E/P, and E/P plus @entity4485 groups (P > 0.2). These observations suggest that an increase in galanin mRNA levels in GnRH neurons is tightly coupled to the occurrence of a LH surge. By inference, induction of galanin mRNA in GnRH neurons reflects their activation, possibly via afferent neurons that transduce the @entity134 signal to GnRH neurons.

title: Activation-dependent regulation of galanin gene expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity444 ( @entity444 ) is associated with increased risk of @entity5 . Determining a @entity1 's risk and appropriate timing of gonadectomy is challenging, but immunohistochemical markers (IHM) may help establish the diagnosis of @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ). Our objective was to identify the prevalence of specific IHM expression in @entity1 with @entity444 and determine if the patterns of expression can help identify @entity5 versus pre- @entity5 state. We evaluated the published literature using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to provide recommendations on the predictive role of IHM in the detection of germ cell @entity5 . METHODS: The data for this retrospective study included karyotype, gonadal location, external masculinization score, age at time of gonadectomy or biopsy, microscopic description and diagnosis of gonadal tissue, and immunohistochemical staining, including @entity4729 , @entity10797 ( @entity10797 ), @entity3546 , @entity160 ( @entity160 ), and stem cell factor receptor @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). @entity1 with complete or partial @entity444 who had undergone gonadectomy or gonadal tissue biopsy were included. RESULTS: The study included 26 @entity1 with @entity444 , 3 of whom had evidence of @entity2971 (11.5  %, @entity5712 , @entity5000 ): 2 had @entity4997 , 1 had 46,XY partial @entity444 . One @entity1 with XY partial @entity444 had @entity5712 -like tissue. All 4 @entity1 (15  %) had strong expressions of 4 @entity5 markers ( @entity4729 , @entity10797 , @entity3546 , @entity2467 ), as did 5 other @entity1 (19  %, ages 2-14 months) without @entity2971 : 4 had XY @entity444 , 1 had 46,XX @entity444 . @entity3546 was expressed in 96  % of @entity1 in a cytoplasmic pattern, @entity2467 in 78  %, @entity4729 in 55  %, @entity10797 in 37  %, and @entity160 in 1 @entity1 (4  %). Tumor marker expression was not specific for ruling out @entity5 in @entity1 <1  year. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 older than 1  year, expression of all three markers ( @entity4729 , @entity10797 , @entity2467 ) may be instrumental in the decision-making process for gonadectomy, even in the absence of overt germ cell @entity5 . Our literature review suggests that @entity4729 expression is most helpful in predicting risk of @entity5 . Additional criteria are needed to stratify risk in @entity1 younger than 1  year of age, as these markers are not reliable in that age group.

title: Association of immunohistochemical markers with premalignancy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4729 :: ('5460', 'Gene') :: ['octamer binding transcription factor (OCT) 3/4', 'OCT 3/4']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCT', 'malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gonadal malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4997 :: ('MESH:D006061', 'Disease') :: ['Swyer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'Gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity10797 :: ('251', 'Gene') :: ['placental-like alkaline phosphatase', 'PLAP']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity444 :: (MESH:D006059,Disease) :: ['Gonadal Dysgenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the Association between @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism of Chinese and body composition together with its response to endurance training. METHOD: 102 biologically unrelated Han nationality male new recruits from northern China volunteered to execute a 5000-m running programme, and the intensity is 95-105% individual @entity880 threshold. The protocol was lasted for 18 weeks, three times per week. The body composition index, including body @entity353 ( @entity353 )   lean body @entity353 (LBW), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (Fat%), was measured before and after training. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism. RESULTS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the frequency of genotypes in these subjects. Before training, @entity353 , BMI and Fat% in KK group were significantly higher than those in EE and KK group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant difference in LBW among groups (P>0.05). After training, the changes of all body composition index in KK group were bigger significantly greater than those in EE and EK groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism might contribute to individual body composition together with its response to endurance training. The body fat content at baseline in KK was more than those in EE and EK groups, and it may hinder that individual to eliminate their body fat during endurance training.

title: Association Between XXXX Gene @entity40341 Polymorphism and Body Composition Together with its Response to Endurance Training.

entities_list: @entity40341 :: ('p|SUB|E|23|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E23K']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity14225 :: (3767,Gene) :: ['KCNJ11']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the Association between @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism of Chinese and body composition together with its response to endurance training. METHOD: 102 biologically unrelated Han nationality male new recruits from northern China volunteered to execute a 5000-m running programme, and the intensity is 95-105% individual @entity880 threshold. The protocol was lasted for 18 weeks, three times per week. The body composition index, including body @entity353 ( @entity353 )   lean body @entity353 (LBW), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (Fat%), was measured before and after training. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism. RESULTS: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed for the frequency of genotypes in these subjects. Before training, @entity353 , BMI and Fat% in KK group were significantly higher than those in EE and KK group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant difference in LBW among groups (P>0.05). After training, the changes of all body composition index in KK group were bigger significantly greater than those in EE and EK groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity14225 gene @entity40341 polymorphism might contribute to individual body composition together with its response to endurance training. The body fat content at baseline in KK was more than those in EE and EK groups, and it may hinder that individual to eliminate their body fat during endurance training.

title: Association Between @entity14225 Gene XXXX Polymorphism and Body Composition Together with its Response to Endurance Training.

answer: @entity40341 :: (p|SUB|E|23|K,ProteinMutation) :: ['E23K']


abstract: Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy using the protein-coding @entity16886 (Mtcyb) gene was assessed in laboratory @entity19 (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) exposed to the Chernobyl environment. Subacute to subchronic (30-40 days) exposure resulted in a cumulative radiation dose of 1.2-1.6 Gy ( approximately 0.04 Gy/day). @entity19 were sampled prior to introduction into the enclosures and again after removal from the enclosures. @entity377 variation (site heteroplasmy) in 306 pre-exposure Mtcyb gene copies (122400 base pairs) was compared to variation in 354 postexposure gene copies (141600 base pairs). Five mutant copies, each characterized by a single @entity377 substitution, were observed (four in the pre-exposure samples, one in a postexposure sample). The frequencies of mutant gene copies and @entity377 substitutions in pre-exposure and postexposure samples were not significantly different. This suggests that this type of exposure (i.e. low dose rate) does not pose a significant mutation risk to the Mtcyb gene in digit tissue. Furthermore, no significant radiation risk to analogous @entity1 tissues may exist when occupational exposures involve low dose rates such as these. Finally, linear, cumulative models of genetic risk currently used to estimate radiation-induced effects are likely to be inappropriate for low-dose-rate exposures and need to be re-evaluated critically.

title: Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in laboratory XXXX experimentally enclosed in the radioactive Chernobyl environment.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide', 'Nucleotide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hyaluronidases ( @entity9906 and @entity25896 ) are key enzymes in the degradation of hyaluronan, and their expression has been altered in various @entity5 types. We previously showed that hyaluronan accumulation in @entity1204 was correlated with decreased mRNA expression of the HYAL genes. In this study, we analyzed @entity9906 and @entity25896 protein expressions in normal and precancerous endometrial tissues and in @entity1204 . We also investigated whether the protein levels were associated with clinicopathological factors, invasion, and disease recurrence. METHODS: A total of 343 tissue specimens from normal, @entity3202 , @entity1184 , and neoplastic endometria were analyzed immunohistochemically for @entity9906 and @entity25896 expressions. The results were correlated with clinicopathological factors, the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker, @entity5962 , and disease recurrence. RESULTS: Reduced @entity9906 expression was associated with the progression of @entity1204 towards higher grades and also with large @entity5 sizes, lymph node @entity3 , and @entity3 . Reduced expression of both @entity9906 and @entity25896 was associated with deep @entity3 . @entity25896 expression was primarily constant in neoplastic tissues, but its expression was altered in different phases of the endometrial cycle. In addition, a reduction in @entity9906 expression was associated with the depletion of @entity5962 . In a multivariate analysis, reduced @entity9906 expression was an independent prognostic factor for early disease recurrence (HR 5.13, 95% CI: 1.131-23.270, p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that reduced @entity9906 expression was associated with @entity1204 , which further supported the role of hyaluronan degradation in @entity5 progression.

title: Decreased hyaluronidase 1 expression is associated with early disease recurrence in human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma aggressiveness', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Monocytes and dendritic cells (DC) can be purified from fresh peripheral blood (PB) based on their expression of @entity1116 , @entity10793 , and @entity5750 . Whereas DC can be identified as @entity1116 + @entity5750 dim or @entity10793 +CD14dim cells, monocytes can be identified as @entity1116 +CD14bright or @entity10793 +CD14bright cells. Rheumatoid synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue (ST) non-T cells were found to be enriched in @entity1116 +CD14dim cells compared with PB. Whereas 4 to 14% of normal or rheumatoid PB non-T cells were @entity1116 + and CD14dim, in @entity309 or ST these cells comprised 20 to 45% of non-T mononuclear cells. Synovial @entity1116 + @entity5750 dim cells assumed a typical dendritic morphology on in vitro culture. Freshly isolated @entity1116 + @entity5750 dim PB DC precursors express low levels of HLA-DQ, @entity2936 , and B7, which increase after in vitro incubation. In contrast, freshly isolated SF DC constitutively expressed these markers, and increased densities of HLA-DR and MHC class I molecules. Rheumatoid SF DC showed a specifically enhanced ability to stimulate autologous PB T cells compared with PB DC, or PB or SF monocytes. PB DC or monocytes preincubated in granulocyte-macrophage- @entity2841 , @entity310 , or both cytokines exhibited enhanced expression of HLA-DR. Furthermore, DC preincubated in both granulocyte-macrophage- @entity2841 and @entity310 were better stimulators of the autologous MLR than DC preincubated in medium, or in either cytokine alone. The data indicate that DC are enriched in @entity309 and ST, and display a more differentiated phenotype than PB DC. These results suggest that PB DC accumulate in the synovium where they undergo phenotypic and functional differentiation in situ, which may be mediated by local cytokines. DC may play an important role in the ongoing presentation of antigen to autoreactive T cells in RA synovium.

title: XXXX is enriched in mature antigen-presenting dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid SF']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid synovium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a case series of @entity1 with @entity7364 evaluated in a national Spanish mutua. METHODS: Computerized medical records of 2013 were reviewed and 129 @entity1 with diagnoses compatible with @entity7364 were identified. RESULTS: Eighty-six (67%) of the 129 cases were recognized as @entity3675 , three cases were considered as @entity5281 (two with a diagnosis of @entity4 ) and the remaining 40 cases were considered to not be work-related. Most of the cases (90%) occurred in @entity1 between the ages of 30 and 49 years. Ninety-three percent of the cases diagnosed as @entity3675 underwent speech therapy and, of these, 72% were cured. The majority of the cases (61%) occurred in teachers. Average duration of sickness absence, among those @entity1 who took it, was 113.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: All cases reported as @entity3675 met the criteria set by the Spanish legislation (RD 1299/2006). @entity3675 were referred to the national health service. Customized speech therapy was effective for most of the @entity1 . The average duration of sick leave in our series was high.

title: [Description of XXXX cases assisted in a mutua in 2013].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['Non-occupational diseases', 'occupational diseases', 'occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ["Reinke's edema"]

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injuries']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['dysphonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were designed for permanent implant, but we began their use for bridge-to-transplant (BTTx) to study their safety and effectiveness. We review our experience in order to compare the BTTx lessons learned with the outcomes and goals of permanent implants. METHODS: From December 1991 until January 2002, 264 @entity1 received 277 LVADs for BTTx. We analyzed temporal trends in pre- @entity1002 @entity1 factors and device-specific time-related complications. RESULTS: Survival to transplant was 69%. Adverse event analysis demonstrated a high risk of @entity281 (0.56, 1.28, and 1.88 per @entity1 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months). HeartMate devices were more prone to @entity281 than Novacor devices (p < 0.0001). @entity385 occurred less commonly than @entity281 (0.15, 0.25, 0.30 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months), were more common in Novacor than HeartMate (p = 0.0001), and were decreased by the new Novacor Vascutek conduit (p = 0.07), but these were still slightly higher than the HeartMate (p = 0.04). @entity177 occurred in 21 instances (all but one were in HeartMate devices [p = 0.04 vs Novacor]), but have significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in HeartMate since 1998. CONCLUSIONS: Infections and device durability limit the chronic use of the HeartMate device, but device failures are decreasing. Novacor has fewer problems with @entity281 and durability, and the new Vascutek conduit will reduce, but not eliminate, @entity64 .

title: Do @entity1002 ( XXXX ) bridge-to-transplantation outcomes predict the results of permanent @entity1002 implantation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Device failures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['LVAD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were designed for permanent implant, but we began their use for bridge-to-transplant (BTTx) to study their safety and effectiveness. We review our experience in order to compare the BTTx lessons learned with the outcomes and goals of permanent implants. METHODS: From December 1991 until January 2002, 264 @entity1 received 277 LVADs for BTTx. We analyzed temporal trends in pre- @entity1002 @entity1 factors and device-specific time-related complications. RESULTS: Survival to transplant was 69%. Adverse event analysis demonstrated a high risk of @entity281 (0.56, 1.28, and 1.88 per @entity1 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months). HeartMate devices were more prone to @entity281 than Novacor devices (p < 0.0001). @entity385 occurred less commonly than @entity281 (0.15, 0.25, 0.30 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months), were more common in Novacor than HeartMate (p = 0.0001), and were decreased by the new Novacor Vascutek conduit (p = 0.07), but these were still slightly higher than the HeartMate (p = 0.04). @entity177 occurred in 21 instances (all but one were in HeartMate devices [p = 0.04 vs Novacor]), but have significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in HeartMate since 1998. CONCLUSIONS: Infections and device durability limit the chronic use of the HeartMate device, but device failures are decreasing. Novacor has fewer problems with @entity281 and durability, and the new Vascutek conduit will reduce, but not eliminate, @entity64 .

title: Do @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) bridge-to-transplantation outcomes predict the results of permanent XXXX implantation?

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['LVAD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were designed for permanent implant, but we began their use for bridge-to-transplant (BTTx) to study their safety and effectiveness. We review our experience in order to compare the BTTx lessons learned with the outcomes and goals of permanent implants. METHODS: From December 1991 until January 2002, 264 @entity1 received 277 LVADs for BTTx. We analyzed temporal trends in pre- @entity1002 @entity1 factors and device-specific time-related complications. RESULTS: Survival to transplant was 69%. Adverse event analysis demonstrated a high risk of @entity281 (0.56, 1.28, and 1.88 per @entity1 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months). HeartMate devices were more prone to @entity281 than Novacor devices (p < 0.0001). @entity385 occurred less commonly than @entity281 (0.15, 0.25, 0.30 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months), were more common in Novacor than HeartMate (p = 0.0001), and were decreased by the new Novacor Vascutek conduit (p = 0.07), but these were still slightly higher than the HeartMate (p = 0.04). @entity177 occurred in 21 instances (all but one were in HeartMate devices [p = 0.04 vs Novacor]), but have significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in HeartMate since 1998. CONCLUSIONS: Infections and device durability limit the chronic use of the HeartMate device, but device failures are decreasing. Novacor has fewer problems with @entity281 and durability, and the new Vascutek conduit will reduce, but not eliminate, @entity64 .

title: Do XXXX ( @entity1002 ) bridge-to-transplantation outcomes predict the results of permanent @entity1002 implantation?

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular assist device']


abstract: Local stimulation of angiogenesis is a new approach for the treatment of @entity63 . Our investigation tested intramuscular (i.m.) injection of a modified fibrin meshwork in a @entity95 model. METHODS: The left external iliac and femoral arteries were excised in 24 @entity95 that were divided into four groups: control; i.m. saline injection; fibrin meshwork plus low dose (2.5 mg) fibrinogen i.m.; fibrin meshwork plus high-dose (5.0 mg) fibrinogen i.m. Angiography was performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and one month postoperatively. Lower limb- @entity291 blood pressure was measured immediately after surgery and at postoperative days 10, 20, and 30. On day 30, conventional indirect immunostaining was performed to determine the percentage of the area occupied by capillaries. RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, in all four groups, the number of @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ) crossing a specific segment of a grid decreased from 5.3 +/- 1.3 to 3.2 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.05); the number of grid intersections decreased from 30.2 +/- 6.5 to 19.3 +/- 4.8 (p < 0.05); and the total number of grids with @entity2472 decreased from 18.3 +/- 3.8 to 12.2 +/- 2.5 (p < 0.05). One month after surgery, in the control group, these parameters were 6.2 +/- 1.1, 33.2 +/- 5.7 and 20.3 +/- 1.5, respectively; in the saline-treated group, these parameters were 6.1 +/- 0.8, 28.3 +/- 6.9 and 19.8 +/- 1.1, respectively (p > 0.05 versus control and versus baseline data). When fibrin containing 5.0 mg fibrinogen was used, these parameters increased to 8.5 +/- 0.9, 48.3 +/- 5.1, and 27.1 +/- 0.9, respectively (p < 0.001 versus immediately after surgery and p < 0.05 versus control). In all four series, no Doppler flow signal was detected from the posterior tibial artery by day 10. By day 30, the lower limb- @entity291 blood pressure ratio had improved in all four series, but was significantly improved in only the two groups treated with fibrin sealant (0.3 +/- 0.05 control; 0.3 +/- 0.08 saline; 0.6 +/- 0.06 fibrinogen 2.5; 0.7 +/- 0.05 fibrinogen 5.0). CONCLUSION: Intramuscular injection of a fibrin meshwork considerably increased angiogenesis in the severely @entity63 hind limb and may be strongly recommended for clinical use in @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 .

title: Direct fibrin injection to promote new collateral growth in hind limb @entity63 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'critical limb ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['COA', 'contract-opacified arteries']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Local stimulation of angiogenesis is a new approach for the treatment of @entity63 . Our investigation tested intramuscular (i.m.) injection of a modified fibrin meshwork in a @entity95 model. METHODS: The left external iliac and femoral arteries were excised in 24 @entity95 that were divided into four groups: control; i.m. saline injection; fibrin meshwork plus low dose (2.5 mg) fibrinogen i.m.; fibrin meshwork plus high-dose (5.0 mg) fibrinogen i.m. Angiography was performed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and one month postoperatively. Lower limb- @entity291 blood pressure was measured immediately after surgery and at postoperative days 10, 20, and 30. On day 30, conventional indirect immunostaining was performed to determine the percentage of the area occupied by capillaries. RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, in all four groups, the number of @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ) crossing a specific segment of a grid decreased from 5.3 +/- 1.3 to 3.2 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.05); the number of grid intersections decreased from 30.2 +/- 6.5 to 19.3 +/- 4.8 (p < 0.05); and the total number of grids with @entity2472 decreased from 18.3 +/- 3.8 to 12.2 +/- 2.5 (p < 0.05). One month after surgery, in the control group, these parameters were 6.2 +/- 1.1, 33.2 +/- 5.7 and 20.3 +/- 1.5, respectively; in the saline-treated group, these parameters were 6.1 +/- 0.8, 28.3 +/- 6.9 and 19.8 +/- 1.1, respectively (p > 0.05 versus control and versus baseline data). When fibrin containing 5.0 mg fibrinogen was used, these parameters increased to 8.5 +/- 0.9, 48.3 +/- 5.1, and 27.1 +/- 0.9, respectively (p < 0.001 versus immediately after surgery and p < 0.05 versus control). In all four series, no Doppler flow signal was detected from the posterior tibial artery by day 10. By day 30, the lower limb- @entity291 blood pressure ratio had improved in all four series, but was significantly improved in only the two groups treated with fibrin sealant (0.3 +/- 0.05 control; 0.3 +/- 0.08 saline; 0.6 +/- 0.06 fibrinogen 2.5; 0.7 +/- 0.05 fibrinogen 5.0). CONCLUSION: Intramuscular injection of a fibrin meshwork considerably increased angiogenesis in the severely @entity63 hind limb and may be strongly recommended for clinical use in @entity1 with limb-threatening @entity63 .

title: Direct fibrin injection to promote new collateral growth in hind limb XXXX in a @entity95 model.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anal @entity322 is a common and multifactorial pathology that affects @entity1 ' lives and imposes considerable socioeconomic consequences. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a bulking agent, polyacrylate-polyalcohol (PP), in terms of diminishing the severity of @entity322 and improving the @entity1 's quality of life, assessing any adverse events. DESIGN: Data were obtained through a prospective, nonconsecutive, multicenter, noncomparative, postmarket study with a maximum expected follow-up of 3 years. Four investigational centers from Argentina and Brazil participated in this study. SETTINGS: Injections of the bulking agent were administered in the operating room of tertiary hospitals. @entity1 : Fifty-eight @entity1 were enrolled. Five @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 53 @entity1 , 41 (77.4%) were females. All @entity1 scored between 6 and 12 on the Cleveland Clinic Florida-Fecal Incontinence Score as part of the inclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS: The injection of the bulking agent (PP) was administered under intravenous sedation in the submucosa of the anal canal through the perianal skin to generate a bulk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy end point was the Cleveland Clinic Florida-Fecal Incontinence Score (or Jorge and Wexner index). The Rockwood-Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life index was also recorded. The treatment was considered successful if @entity1 achieved a postoperative improvement of at least 50% on the Cleveland Clinic Florida-Fecal Incontinence Score. RESULTS: Successful treatment was met by 60.4% of the @entity1 according to the last follow-up data. Quality-of-life indices showed consistently significant improvements. LIMITATIONS: Selection bias and the lack of a control group to evaluate the potential placebo effect of this novel bulking agent were limitations of this study. Because of the eligibility criteria, the resulting @entity1 sample is representative of only a limited portion of the population with @entity1241 at all 4 centers involved in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The injection technique was easy to perform, safe, and ideal for use as an outpatient procedure. This bulking agent (PP) significantly improved continence and quality of life in selected @entity1 .

title: Initial results of a new bulking agent for XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Standard care for initiation of enteral feeding in @entity1 has been pull percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (pull- @entity970 ). As an alternative to pull- @entity970 , a 1-step endoscopic procedure for inserting a @entity258 "button" has been developed that allows initial placement of a balloon-retained device. This report presents outcomes of metrics used to compare button placement with pull- @entity970 in a pediatric population. Methods: Data were generated from procedural experiences of surgeons on pediatric @entity1 (n = 374) with a variety of clinical indications for gastrostomy. Study population ages ranged from 6 days to 16 years, while weights were from 2-84 kg. Results: The button was successfully placed by the 1-step procedure in 98% of the respective study population, and median procedural times were 20 and 15 minutes for button and pull- @entity970 placements, respectively. Median times to first feeds were equivalent for the 1-step procedure and pull- @entity970 (6 hours), while times to first nutrition feeds were 12.5 and 10 hours, respectively. Stoma site complications within each study group were similar. Healthy stoma proportions were 65.2% and 73.2% in the 1-step procedure and pull- @entity970 groups, respectively, at first follow-up. Conclusions: Similar study outcomes between the 1-step procedure and pull- @entity970 groups suggest that the former is a feasible alternative to pull- @entity970 for initial tube placement in @entity1 . The 1-step method involves a single procedure and reduces @entity1 exposure to anesthesia, operating room time, and the potential for complications compared with a pull- @entity970 requirement for multiple procedures.

title: One-Step Insertion of Low-Profile Gastrostomy in Pediatric XXXX vs Pull Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-profile gastrostomy tube']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Alternating non-cross-resistant chemotherapy has been induced for the treatment of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) with the aim of cure, even in advanced cases. We formulated a new high dose regimen, CAMBO-VIP, which was a weekly treatment. They were administered during alternate weeks for a total period of 12 weeks. We obtained high response rate and prolonged disease-free survival with this regimen. We noticed the elevation of serum LDH level in some @entity1 at or shortly after the completion of CAMBO-VIP treatment. LDH elevation was not associated with liver function abnormality in terms of elevation of GOT or total @entity648 . All of these @entity1 were in complete or partial response with no evidence of @entity5 progression. An LDH isozyme study which was done at the time of LDH elevation showed elevation of both LDH1 and LDH2. Interestingly serum @entity2104 was undetectable in all 6 @entity1 measured at the time of LDH elevation. @entity31499 and leukoerythroblastosis in peripheral blood were also observed in all of these @entity1 . These abnormalities including LDH elevation returned to normal within a rather short period, usually within 1 to 3 weeks. From these observations, it is most likely that these abnormalities were due to excessive blood cell destruction, which was observed in association with rapid recovery from myelosuppression.

title: [Increased blood cell destruction during vigorous regeneration of bone marrow after CAMBO-VIP chemotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity31499 :: ('MESH:D045262', 'Disease') :: ['Reticulocytosis']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity20823 ( @entity20823 ) protein plays an important role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The relationship between @entity20823 polymorphisms and the risk of radiation-induced @entity71378 on normal tissue remains inconclusive. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the association between @entity20823 polymorphisms and radiation-induced @entity71378 on normal tissue. All eligible studies up to December 2014 were identified through a search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Seventeen studies involving 656 cases and 2193 controls were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association between @entity20823 polymorphisms and the risk of radiation-induced normal tissue @entity71378 . We found that the @entity20823 @entity32271 ( @entity23916 ) polymorphism was significantly associated with early @entity71378 induced by radiotherapy (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.31-3.01, P = 0.001). A positive association lacking statistical significance with late @entity71378 was also identified (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 0.97-1.68, P = 0.08). In addition, the @entity23916 polymorphism was significantly correlated with a higher risk of @entity71378 induced by head and neck area irradiation (OR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.49-3.89, p = 0.0003) and breast irradiation (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.95, p = 0.04), whereas the correlation was not significant for lung irradiation or pelvic irradiation. Furthermore, @entity20823 @entity71379 polymorphism may have a protective effect against late @entity71378 induced by radiotherapy (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.26-0.86, P = 0.01). Well-designed large-scale clinical studies are required to further validate our results.

title: Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in XXXX and Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects on Normal Tissue: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity20823 :: ('7517', 'Gene') :: ['XRCC3', 'X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3']

entities_list: @entity32271 :: ('p|SUB|T|241|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Thr241Met']

entities_list: @entity71378 :: ('MESH:D004362', 'Disease') :: ['adverse effects']

answer: @entity20823 :: (7517,Gene) :: ['XRCC3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with glucocorticoid excess have increased cardiovascular risk, decreased bone mineral density and impaired quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary @entity701 excretion and cardiovascular risk factors, bone status and QoL in the population. We hypothesized that higher @entity701 excretion was associated with adverse cardiovascular risk profile, worse skeletal health and QoL. DESIGN, @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including a population sample (n=348), aged 38-77years. The mean age in @entity1 was 64.0  8.5years (n=276) and 60.3  10.2years in @entity1 (n=72). The @entity209 , body composition measured with bioimpedance, calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, fractures and QoL evaluated with the Nottingham Health Profile, Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) were studied. Urinary free @entity701 (UFC) was measured using radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: UFC was higher in @entity1 (230  120nmol/L) compared to @entity1 (153  71; P<0.001) and decreased with increasing age (P<0.001). In a regression analysis, after adjustment for gender, age and body mass index, higher UFC was associated with higher fat-free mass (P<0.01), favourable calcaneal bone measurements (P<0.05), better general health measured with PGWB (P<0.01) and SF-36 (P=0.001) and tended to be negatively associated with the @entity209 (P=0.07). CONCLUSION: In contrast to our hypothesis, UFC in the upper physiological range was associated with a favourable cardiovascular risk profile, bone measures and QoL.

title: The association between urinary XXXX excretion and cardiovascular risk factors, bone status and quality of life in the population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity3807 is a local complication of @entity1 @entity731 . It is defined as the triad of advanced @entity731 , medical thinning and aortic adventitial @entity32 . It is present to a variable degree in association with @entity1028 . These aortic adventitial infiltrates differ from those described solely within the @entity1856 itself, in that they consist predominantly of B lymphocytes. Many of the lymphocytes are activated and proliferating, and germinal centres are common. In this study, an immunohistochemical analysis was carried out on fresh surgical @entity449 tissue in order to investigate the presence and distribution of activation-inducible adhesion molecules, and to correlate this with the degree of @entity32 . A consistent finding was the presence of @entity4105 on endothelial cells in up to 50% of the vessels throughout the aortic wall and at the base of the @entity1856 , independent of the severity of @entity32 . @entity2071 expression was abundant on many cell types and increased with the severity of @entity32 , being strongest in the germinal centres. @entity4725 expression was predominant on follicular dendritic cells and also increased with severity of @entity32 . @entity4725 expression was also detected on vessels within lymphoid follicles. The pattern of expression of the adhesion molecules suggests a role in the initiation and progression of @entity32 associated with advanced @entity731 .

title: The distribution of adhesion molecules in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic periaortitis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['periaortitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration produced by Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) airway exposure is accompanied by marked granulocyte accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of BM cell accumulation, and trafficking to circulating blood and lung tissue after SEA airway exposure. Male BALB/C @entity19 were intranasally exposed to SEA (1 g), and at 4, 12 and 24h thereafter, BM, circulating blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected. Adhesion of BM granulocytes and flow cytometry for @entity3804 , @entity4459 and VLA-4 and cytokine and/or chemokine levels were assayed after SEA-airway exposure. Prior exposure to SEA promoted a marked PMN influx to BAL and lung tissue, which was accompanied by increased counts of immature and/or mature neutrophils and eosinophils in BM, along with blood neutrophilia. Airway exposure to SEA enhanced BM neutrophil @entity3804 expression, and adhesion to @entity6580 and/or @entity8024 -coated plates. Elevated levels of @entity2304 , @entity14541 , INF-y, @entity637 , KC/ @entity15891 and SDF-1a were detected in BM after SEA exposure. SEA exposure increased production of eosinopoietic cytokines ( @entity639 and @entity59 ) and BM eosinophil VLA-4 expression, but it failed to affect eosinophil adhesion to @entity6580 and @entity8024 . In conclusion, BM neutrophil accumulation after SEA exposure takes place by integrated action of cytokines and/or chemokines, enhancing the adhesive responses of BM neutrophils and its trafficking to lung tissues, leading to @entity647 . BM eosinophil accumulation in SEA-induced @entity647 may occur via increased eosinopoietic cytokines and VLA-4 expression.

title: Staphylococcal enterotoxin A regulates bone marrow granulocyte trafficking during pulmonary inflammatory disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Successful surgical treatment of @entity459 requires the localization and excision of the parathyroid tissue responsible for excessive @entity461 secretion while ensuring that the @entity1 will have sufficient endogenous @entity461 production to maintain eucalcemia. In selecting @entity1 with @entity459 for unilateral parathyroidectomy the surgeon should be able to diagnose @entity66 either preoperatively or intraoperatively. We performed a retrospective review of 123 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity459 to determine the potential feasibility of selecting @entity1 for minimally invasive surgery based on preoperative imaging studies. All @entity1 were studied preoperatively with 99m technetium-sestamibi scintigraphy. High-resolution ultrasonography was performed in 119 of these @entity1 . All @entity1 except one underwent bilateral cervical exploration. A @entity1 with an intrathoracic @entity652 was successfully diagnosed by scintigraphy thereby allowing treatment by a limited thoracotomy. One hundred eight @entity1 had solitary @entity652 and 15 had @entity66 . In none of the @entity1 with bilateral @entity66 were all abnormal glands localized preoperatively. @entity1 in our study with primary @entity2742 were underdiagnosed by preoperative imaging. A minimally invasive approach based solely on preoperative imaging studies may result in treatment failure in @entity1 with multiglandular involvement.

title: Limitations of technetium 99m sestamibi scintigraphic localization for XXXX associated with @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiglandular disease']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism and multiglandular disease']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Successful surgical treatment of @entity459 requires the localization and excision of the parathyroid tissue responsible for excessive @entity461 secretion while ensuring that the @entity1 will have sufficient endogenous @entity461 production to maintain eucalcemia. In selecting @entity1 with @entity459 for unilateral parathyroidectomy the surgeon should be able to diagnose @entity66 either preoperatively or intraoperatively. We performed a retrospective review of 123 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity459 to determine the potential feasibility of selecting @entity1 for minimally invasive surgery based on preoperative imaging studies. All @entity1 were studied preoperatively with 99m technetium-sestamibi scintigraphy. High-resolution ultrasonography was performed in 119 of these @entity1 . All @entity1 except one underwent bilateral cervical exploration. A @entity1 with an intrathoracic @entity652 was successfully diagnosed by scintigraphy thereby allowing treatment by a limited thoracotomy. One hundred eight @entity1 had solitary @entity652 and 15 had @entity66 . In none of the @entity1 with bilateral @entity66 were all abnormal glands localized preoperatively. @entity1 in our study with primary @entity2742 were underdiagnosed by preoperative imaging. A minimally invasive approach based solely on preoperative imaging studies may result in treatment failure in @entity1 with multiglandular involvement.

title: Limitations of technetium 99m sestamibi scintigraphic localization for @entity459 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['multiglandular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent trials involving pirfenidone suggest a beneficial effect in the treatment of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). OBJECTIVE: To report on the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2416 , at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: The study included 58 @entity1 with @entity2416 who were evaluated from March 2012 to March 2013. During the study period, 33 @entity1 received pirfenidone, and the remaining @entity1 (n = 25) served as a control group. Baseline clinical characteristics, physiological parameters and the results of a 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were compared between the groups. Furthermore, we compared changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco), six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and SF-36 for both groups during follow-up. The last follow-up period ended in January 2014. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between the groups. Furthermore, we found no differences in FVC, DLco and SF-36 during follow-up (median, 12 months). However, @entity1 receiving pirfenidone treatment were less likely to experience reductions in 6MWD compared with the control group (13% vs. 52%, respectively; P = 0.001). Although adverse events were more frequently reported by the pirfenidone group compared with the control group (85 vs. 56%, respectively; P = 0.015), these @entity1 did not require discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pirfenidone treatment preserves functional capacity, as reflected by the 6MWD. Adverse events associated with pirfenidone treatment were generally well tolerated by the @entity1 .

title: Pirfenidone treatment in XXXX : A Saudi experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on the safety of @entity500 and @entity4446 during pregnancy are very sparse. AIM: To examine the risk of adverse birth outcomes in @entity1 who took up prescriptions for @entity500 or @entity4446 during pregnancy. METHODS: This is a Danish cohort study based on data from a population-based prescription registry, the Danish Birth Registry and the Hospital Discharge Registry. To examine the risk of @entity600 , we included nine pregnancies exposed 30 days before conception or during the first trimester. To examine perinatal mortality, pre-term birth and low birth weight, we included 10 pregnancies exposed during the entire pregnancy. Eleven different exposed @entity1 were included in the study. Outcomes were compared with those of 19 418 pregnancies in which no drugs were prescribed to the mothers. RESULTS: Fifty-five per cent of the exposed @entity1 had @entity29 and 45% other diseases. Adjusted odds ratios for @entity600 , perinatal mortality, pre-term birth and low birth weight were 6.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-32.4), 20.0 (2.5-161.4), 6.6 (1.7-25.9) and 3.8 (0.4-33.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is an increased risk of @entity600 , perinatal mortality and pre-term birth in @entity1 born to @entity1 treated with @entity500 or @entity4446 during pregnancy. More data are needed to determine whether the associations are causal or occur through confounding.

title: @entity500 , XXXX and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine']

answer: @entity4446 :: (MESH:D015122,Chemical) :: ['mercaptopurine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on the safety of @entity500 and @entity4446 during pregnancy are very sparse. AIM: To examine the risk of adverse birth outcomes in @entity1 who took up prescriptions for @entity500 or @entity4446 during pregnancy. METHODS: This is a Danish cohort study based on data from a population-based prescription registry, the Danish Birth Registry and the Hospital Discharge Registry. To examine the risk of @entity600 , we included nine pregnancies exposed 30 days before conception or during the first trimester. To examine perinatal mortality, pre-term birth and low birth weight, we included 10 pregnancies exposed during the entire pregnancy. Eleven different exposed @entity1 were included in the study. Outcomes were compared with those of 19 418 pregnancies in which no drugs were prescribed to the mothers. RESULTS: Fifty-five per cent of the exposed @entity1 had @entity29 and 45% other diseases. Adjusted odds ratios for @entity600 , perinatal mortality, pre-term birth and low birth weight were 6.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-32.4), 20.0 (2.5-161.4), 6.6 (1.7-25.9) and 3.8 (0.4-33.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is an increased risk of @entity600 , perinatal mortality and pre-term birth in @entity1 born to @entity1 treated with @entity500 or @entity4446 during pregnancy. More data are needed to determine whether the associations are causal or occur through confounding.

title: XXXX , @entity4446 and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study.

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['Azathioprine']


abstract: This is a prospective and nonrandomized study in which 86 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity978 ( @entity978 ) were clinically staged (CS) and treated with chemotherapy (CT) alone. Fifty-two (CS IA-38, IIA-7, IIB-3, IIIA-4) received six courses of @entity786 , @entity5713 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (CVPP). Ten (CS IA with peripheral nodes) received only three courses of CVPP with a reinforcement of C on day 8. Twenty-four (CS IIIB-18, @entity3480 , IVB-4) received six courses of CVPP alternating with six courses of @entity1259 , @entity1732 , and @entity1891 (EBO). Surgical staging was not performed in any @entity1 . Two @entity1 (CS IIIB) had partial remission and died from progressive disease. Seventy out of 86 @entity1 have not relapsed and are in complete remission with a median follow-up of 65 months (range 13-156 months); 14 @entity1 relapsed seven to 37 months from diagnosis (median 16 months); one of them (IV B) died of disease. Thirteen are in second and third remission (median 55 months). Actuarial five year survival rates and relapse-free survival rates are 100% and 90% for CS I to IIIA and 81% and 60% for CS IIIB and IV, respectively. As a result of this study, we can conclude that in developing countries most of the @entity1 with @entity978 staged by noninvasive diagnostic techniques can be cured with CT alone as primary treatment and thus will not suffer from the late effects of radiotherapy (RT) and the morbidity of laparotomy and splenectomy. RT alone or with other CT combinations should be considered for @entity1 who develop relapse of @entity978 .

title: XXXX in Costa Rica: twelve years' experience of primary treatment by chemotherapy alone, without staging laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has recently received considerable attention around the world due to its cost-effectiveness, few side effects, and well-established analgesic properties. OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to identify the factors that might lead to using acupuncture for @entity158 relief. @entity1 AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. The study population included eight @entity1 and six highly experienced acupuncturists, who were able to express their opinion and were willing to take part in the study. The inclusion criteria for @entity1 were being under treatment with acupuncture for @entity158 relief or a history of treatment during the last year and age > 18 years. All highly trained acupuncturists with minimum of one-year active experience were included. The data were collected via semi-structured in-depth interviews. Categories were extracted through inductive analysis and codes and eventually, themes emerged. Data rigor was assured by data collection triangulation, @entity1 ' variety, and external and members' check. RESULTS: Initially, 1311 primary codes were extracted, then the related codes were divided into 127 subcategories according to their similarities, and after reduction and integration process, 16 categories were developed from subcategories and eventually five themes were determined, including conventional medicine limitation, efficacy of acupuncture, external promoters, internal promoters, and acupuncture inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: The important factors that affect choosing acupuncture for @entity158 relief included conventional medicine limitations, external promoters, internal promoters, acupuncture efficacy, and acupuncture inhibitors. More interest can be drawn to this technique by basic planning to enhance some of the underlying factors and eliminate obstacles to its further applicability.

title: The reasons for using acupuncture for XXXX relief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'participants']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To substantiate reports of increasing proportions of @entity356 of diffuse histologic type and in the proximal portion of the stomach, to better understand the prognostic features that govern survival, and to determine whether alterations of operative strategy might improve the surgical results. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 289 consecutive @entity1 with @entity356 operated on by general surgeons over a 26-year period. Records were reviewed for location, histologic type, resection, operative mortality, lymph node status, and outcome. SETTING: The Section of Surgical Oncology, the New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Mass. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rate, length of life of the @entity1 who died, and operative mortality. RESULTS: A marked and significant shift of @entity356 to a proximal location (54% between 1985 and 1990) occurred over 26 years (P = .0075) with a significant stage improvement at presentation (P = .0235). Percentages of @entity5 that were of the diffuse, poorly differentiated histologic type increased to 48%. More curative operations were performed in the last period (61%), and this upward trend from 37% was significant. Proximal @entity356 had a poorer prognosis with more operative deaths, more lymph node @entity3 , and worse survival rates than @entity5 . Poor survival rates occurred even when comparing @entity1 with negative lymph nodes or favorable histologic features with @entity1 with similar @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant increases in the proportion of proximal @entity5 , survival rates have improved only slightly. Nodal status plays a less prognostic role than does location or histologic type but does provide prognostic information for individual locations. Survival rates for diffuse histologic @entity5 were consistently worse than those for intestinal histologic @entity5 , which emphasizes the underlying disease biology controlling outcome. Radical lymphadenectomy for @entity356 would not improve surgical outcome in the United States.

title: Shifting proportions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['distal cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiangiogenic substances and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) may have synergistic effects and improve irradiation efficacy. We present a cohort study evaluating the @entity137 of combined @entity2240 and @entity1161 as neoadjuvant treatment of extremity and @entity242 (STS). METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with locally advanced extremity (6/16) or retroperitoneal (10/16) STS were treated with continuous-dosing @entity2240 (15/16: 37.5  mg daily; 1/16: 25  mg daily) and standard @entity1161 (45-50.4  Gy) preoperatively. Surgery was scheduled 5-9  weeks following neoadjuvant treatment. The primary goal of the study was to determine combined treatment @entity137 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Secondary goals were the evaluation of postoperative morbidity and treatment response. RESULTS: Eight of 16 @entity1 developed grade 3, and one @entity1 developed grade 4, hematological @entity137 . One @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity8566 . The most frequent treatment toxicities of any grade were hematological (15/16) or dermatological (9/16). Three @entity1 had partial response, 11 had stable disease, and 2 had progressive disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Fourteen of 16 @entity1 underwent surgery; @entity5 were not removed in two @entity1 because of @entity1 refusal or intercurrent @entity3 . The proportion of @entity5 @entity39 exceeded 90  % in 5 of 14 @entity1 , and 4 @entity1 had @entity260 requiring reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative treatment with concurrent @entity2240 and @entity1161 was tolerable, and postoperative morbidity did not increase. Combined treatment with @entity1161 and @entity2240 was also feasible in @entity1 with retroperitoneal STS, and warrants further investigation.

title: Combined Radiation Therapy and @entity2240 for Preoperative Treatment of Soft Tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antiangiogenic substances and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) may have synergistic effects and improve irradiation efficacy. We present a cohort study evaluating the @entity137 of combined @entity2240 and @entity1161 as neoadjuvant treatment of extremity and @entity242 (STS). METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with locally advanced extremity (6/16) or retroperitoneal (10/16) STS were treated with continuous-dosing @entity2240 (15/16: 37.5  mg daily; 1/16: 25  mg daily) and standard @entity1161 (45-50.4  Gy) preoperatively. Surgery was scheduled 5-9  weeks following neoadjuvant treatment. The primary goal of the study was to determine combined treatment @entity137 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Secondary goals were the evaluation of postoperative morbidity and treatment response. RESULTS: Eight of 16 @entity1 developed grade 3, and one @entity1 developed grade 4, hematological @entity137 . One @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity8566 . The most frequent treatment toxicities of any grade were hematological (15/16) or dermatological (9/16). Three @entity1 had partial response, 11 had stable disease, and 2 had progressive disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Fourteen of 16 @entity1 underwent surgery; @entity5 were not removed in two @entity1 because of @entity1 refusal or intercurrent @entity3 . The proportion of @entity5 @entity39 exceeded 90  % in 5 of 14 @entity1 , and 4 @entity1 had @entity260 requiring reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative treatment with concurrent @entity2240 and @entity1161 was tolerable, and postoperative morbidity did not increase. Combined treatment with @entity1161 and @entity2240 was also feasible in @entity1 with retroperitoneal STS, and warrants further investigation.

title: Combined Radiation Therapy and XXXX for Preoperative Treatment of Soft Tissue @entity242 .

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['Sunitinib']


abstract: @entity1 in a private practice, evaluated for prostatism due to @entity1067 were offered the options of medical treatment with the alpha blocker @entity7477 , surgical treatment, or continued observation. Nineteen @entity1 accepted @entity7477 treatment and are the subjects of the present series. They were treated over a mean period of 8 months, the longest treatment lasting over 22 months. Dosage was started at 1 mg/d and increased as tolerated to 2, 5, and 10 mg/d over the test period. Extensive testing including invasive urodynamics, multiple voiding diaries, and symptoms scores at each dosage level was carried out. We found that flow rates increased moderately from baseline in a dose dependent fashion. At the 10 mg/d dosage some @entity1 achieved flow rates in the low normal range. @entity1 on treatment documented a decrease in the number of voidings per day, a decrease in @entity2183 , an increase in bladder capacity and the volume of each voiding. On the other hand, @entity1 frequently did not appreciate changes in their voiding patterns, as reflected in their responses to the symptom questionnaires. We could not demonstrate significant changes in bladder pressures on cystometry either during filling or voiding. Our data suggested that @entity7477 may well have a direct effect on the fundus of the aging bladder to increase capacity, and, through the well-known relationship between voided volume and flow rate, increase urinary flow rate.

title: Effect of XXXX on urine storage and voiding in the aging male with prostatism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

answer: @entity7477 :: (MESH:C041226,Chemical) :: ['terazosin']


abstract: @entity1356 producing cells at the bone-implant interface obtained during revision of loosened total joint replacements were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on tissue sections. Other markers for the characterization of macrophages, B cells, T cell subpopulations, @entity3647 and HLA-DR antigens were also used. The 10 cases examined showed excessive metallosis within the cytoplasm of the macrophages and extracellular matrix. @entity1356 containing cells were found in seven cases, four of which showed positive staining on more than 80% of the macrophages. A relatively similar proportion of T cells was seen in all the cases. T helper ( @entity404 positive) cells were always present in excess of T suppressor ( @entity405 positive) subtype. T cells showed no expression of detectable membrane @entity3647 . No B cells were found in these cases. Macrophages showed very strong immunostaining for HLA-DR. These findings indicate the possible induction of @entity1356 production by activated macrophages in the interface in response to the presence of metallic wear debris. In view of the well known effect of @entity1356 as a potent mediator of bone lysis, the results suggest a major role of the metal debris-containing macrophages in the process of @entity3061 and subsequent implant loosening.

title: Interleukin-1 production by activated macrophages surrounding loosened orthopaedic implants: a potential role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity3061 :: (MESH:D010014,Disease) :: ['osteolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A possible etiological association between @entity46 and @entity43 has been repeatedly reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate published epidemiological data on this issue. REVIEW METHODS: We conducted an extensive search of the literature in MEDLINE, of articles ever published until February 2014, using the key-words " @entity46 " and "ovarian" and one of the following terms in the title: " @entity5 " or " @entity5 " or " @entity5 " or "transformation." Retrieved papers were checked for further relevant publications. RESULTS: Overall, our search yielded 1 prospective cohort study, 10 retrospective cohort, and 5 case-control studies. A meta-analysis of these studies was not considered to be appropriate, due to differences in data reporting, study design, and adjustment for confounding factors. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation of studies found, with one exception, was the lack of operative confirmation of @entity46 . CONCLUSION: An association of @entity46 with @entity43 was a consistent finding in most studies. On the other hand, existing epidemiological evidence linking @entity46 with @entity43 is insufficient to change current clinical practice. Prospective cohort studies, with prior laparoscopic confirmation, localization, and staging of @entity46 are needed, in order to further clarify this issue.

title: Endometriosis and XXXX risk: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'clear-cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy" or "malignant" or "tumor" or "neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no gold standard technique for @entity14147 ( @entity14147 ) repair. Conventional open @entity14147 repair often produces an undesirable scar. Laparoscopic @entity14147 repair requires multiple incisions beyond the umbilicus, specialized equipments, and expensive tissue separating mesh. We describe our technique of open @entity14147 repair utilizing a small incision. The technique was derived from our experience with single incision laparoscopy. We report the technical details and short-term results. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of the first 20 @entity1 , who underwent minimal incision scar-less open @entity14147 repair, from June 2011 to February 2014. A single intra-umbilical curved incision was used to gain access to the @entity547 sac. Primary suture repair was performed for defects up to 2   cm. Larger defects were repaired using an onlay mesh. In @entity1 with a BMI of 30   kg/m(2) or greater, onlay mesh hernioplasty was performed irrespective of the defect size. RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 , 12 males and 8 females underwent the procedure. Mean age was 50 (range 29-82) years. Mean BMI was 26.27 (range 20.0-33.1) kg/m(2). Average size of the incision was 1.96 range (1.5-2.5) cm. Mesh hernioplasty was done in nine @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 underwent primary suture repair alone. There were no postoperative complications associated with this technique. Average postoperative length of hospital stay was 3.9 (range 2-10) days. Mean follow-up was 29.94   months (2   weeks to 2.78   years). On follow-up there was no externally visible scar in any of the @entity1 . There were no recurrences on final follow-up. CONCLUSION: This technique provides a similar cosmetic effect as obtained from single port laparoscopy. It is easy to perform, safe, offers good cosmesis, does not require incisions beyond the umbilicus, and cost effective, with encouraging results on short-term follow-up. Further research is needed to assess the true potential of the technique and the long-term results.

title: Minimal incision scar-less open XXXX repair in adults - technical aspects and short-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia', 'UH']

answer: @entity14147 :: (MESH:D006554,Disease) :: ['umbilical hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence guiding adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) use after lobectomy for stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is limited. This study evaluated the impact of AC use and @entity5 size on outcomes using a large, nationwide @entity5 database. METHODS: The effect of AC on long-term survival among @entity1 who underwent lobectomy for margin-negative pathologic T1-2N0M0 @entity1149 in the National Cancer Data Base from 2003 to 2006 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The specific @entity5 size threshold at which AC began providing benefit was estimated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Overall 3,496 of 34,360 @entity1 (10.2%) who met inclusion criteria were treated with AC, although AC use increased over time from 2003, when only 2.7% of @entity1 with @entity5 less than 4 cm and 6.2% of @entity1 with @entity5 of 4 cm or larger received AC. In unadjusted survival analysis, AC was associated with a significant 5-year survival benefit for @entity1 with @entity5 less than 4 cm (74.3% vs 66.9%; P<.0001) and 4 cm or greater (64.8% vs 49.8%; P<.0001). In subanalyses of @entity1 grouped by strata of 0.5-cm increments in @entity5 size, AC was associated with a survival advantage for @entity5 sizes ranging from 3.0 to 8.5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: Use of AC among @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 has increased over time but remains uncommon. The results of this study support current treatment guidelines that recommend AC use after lobectomy for stage I @entity1149 larger than 4 cm. These results also suggest that AC use is associated with superior survival for @entity1 with @entity5 ranging from 3.0 to 8.5 cm in diameter.

title: Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Lobectomy for T1-2N0 XXXX : Are the Guidelines Supported?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC tumors']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly changed the natural history of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). However, acquired resistance to @entity2213 , @entity8947 or @entity10542 (1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs), due in part to BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations, has been largely described. These drugs are ineffective on the @entity28837 gatekeeper substitution, which remains sensitive to 3(rd) generation TKI @entity34679 . It has recently been suggested that the hematopoietic niche could protect leukemic cells from targeted therapy. In order to investigate the role of a stromal niche in mutation-related resistance, we developed a niche-based cell mutagenesis assay. For this purpose, @entity331 ( @entity330 )-exposed @entity1 cells expressing non-mutated or @entity28837 -mutated BCR-ABL1 were cultured with or without @entity19 @entity19 stromal cells and in the presence of @entity2213 , @entity8947 , @entity10542 , or @entity34679 . In the assays relative to 1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs, which were performed on non-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, our data highlighted the increasing efficacy of the latter, but did not reveal any substantial effect of the niche. In @entity34679 assays performed on both non-mutated and @entity28837 -mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, an increased number of resistant clones were observed in the presence of MS-5. Present data suggested that @entity28837 mutants need either compound mutations (e.g. @entity28833 / @entity28837 ) or a stromal niche to escape from @entity34679 . Using array-comparative genomic hybridization experiments, we found an increased number of variations (involving some recurrent chromosome regions) in clones cultured on MS-5 feeder. Overall, our study suggests that the hematopoietic niche could play a crucial role in conferring resistance to @entity34679 , by providing survival signals and favoring genetic instability.

title: Modeling the influence of stromal microenvironment in the selection of @entity331 -induced BCR-ABL1 mutants by XXXX kinase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity34679 :: ('MESH:C545373', 'Chemical') :: ['ponatinib']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly changed the natural history of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). However, acquired resistance to @entity2213 , @entity8947 or @entity10542 (1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs), due in part to BCR-ABL1 kinase mutations, has been largely described. These drugs are ineffective on the @entity28837 gatekeeper substitution, which remains sensitive to 3(rd) generation TKI @entity34679 . It has recently been suggested that the hematopoietic niche could protect leukemic cells from targeted therapy. In order to investigate the role of a stromal niche in mutation-related resistance, we developed a niche-based cell mutagenesis assay. For this purpose, @entity331 ( @entity330 )-exposed @entity1 cells expressing non-mutated or @entity28837 -mutated BCR-ABL1 were cultured with or without @entity19 @entity19 stromal cells and in the presence of @entity2213 , @entity8947 , @entity10542 , or @entity34679 . In the assays relative to 1(st) and 2(nd) generation TKIs, which were performed on non-mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, our data highlighted the increasing efficacy of the latter, but did not reveal any substantial effect of the niche. In @entity34679 assays performed on both non-mutated and @entity28837 -mutated BCR-ABL1 cells, an increased number of resistant clones were observed in the presence of MS-5. Present data suggested that @entity28837 mutants need either compound mutations (e.g. @entity28833 / @entity28837 ) or a stromal niche to escape from @entity34679 . Using array-comparative genomic hybridization experiments, we found an increased number of variations (involving some recurrent chromosome regions) in clones cultured on MS-5 feeder. Overall, our study suggests that the hematopoietic niche could play a crucial role in conferring resistance to @entity34679 , by providing survival signals and favoring genetic instability.

title: Modeling the influence of stromal microenvironment in the selection of XXXX -induced BCR-ABL1 mutants by @entity669 kinase inhibitors.

answer: @entity331 :: (CHEBI:23995,Chemical) :: ['ENU']


abstract: Artificial @entity246 was performed in @entity329 which were then held for different periods of time. The non-operated side was used as a control. At various times from 4 to 15 days, hamsters were killed, testes were removed and weighed, single cell suspensions were prepared for flow cytometry analysis and seminiferous tubules were fixed for confocal microscopy. Using DNA staining by @entity2667 or @entity9186 followed by flow cytometry analysis, a marked decrease in the haploid condensed cell fraction was detected at the beginning stages of experimental cryptorchidism. In correlation with flow cytometry results, spermiogenic arrest at stages IX and X of seminiferous epithelium was detected in these animals by confocal microscopy and there were no mature forms of haploid cells in the cryptorchid testis. In the testis with more severe damage, there were almost no haploid cells in the seminiferous tubules of cryptorchid animals. In addition, a significant decrease in tetraploid cell fraction and an increase in S-phase fraction was obtained in severe cases. This may be explained by cell arrest before entrance into meiosis. Destruction of tubule structure and cell arrangement were also observed by confocal microscopy in such cases. In conclusion, flow cytometry, combined with confocal analysis, added useful information about spermatogenesis disturbances in cryptorchid testis and it may be used as diagnostic tools in other cases of @entity74 .

title: Evaluation of damage to the testicular cells of XXXX caused by experimental cryptorchidism using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic disorders']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamsters']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The morphologic spectrum of @entity1498 extends from discrete @entity6554 of the entire aortic arch. Neonates with @entity1498 frequently present with @entity712 and critically reduced perfusion of the descending aorta following ductal closure. During the recent years we observed several @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). We reviewed our @entity1 with @entity1498 to determine whether this presentation represents an exception or is relevant for the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 . Materials and Methods: From 1/2001 to 12/2013 74 babies with @entity1498 were diagnosed in our institution. 50 @entity1 presented in the neonatal period and 24 @entity1 beyond the first month. Results: 5/74 @entity1 presented after the neonatal period with poorly contractile, dilated left ventricles. Echocardiographic detection of the @entity1498 was facilitated by application of the ductal view and by Doppler interrogation of the celiac artery revealing a significantly diminished systolic flow velocity. All @entity1 underwent resection of the @entity1498 and end-to-end anastomosis of  the aorta. Postoperative normalization of left ventricular function was observed within a median interval of 2 months. Conclusion: Coarctation of the aorta presenting as @entity384 accounted for 21% of our @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period and 7% of those in the first year of life. The stenosis was difficult to detect because of its distal location and normal configuration of the aortic arch. @entity1498 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 and requires careful examination of the isthmic region in these @entity1 .

title: Pitfalls in Echocardiography: Coarctation of the Aorta Presenting as XXXX ( @entity384 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'isolated coarctation', 'coarctation', 'Isthmic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['isthmic obstruction to tubular hypoplasia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Dilated Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The morphologic spectrum of @entity1498 extends from discrete @entity6554 of the entire aortic arch. Neonates with @entity1498 frequently present with @entity712 and critically reduced perfusion of the descending aorta following ductal closure. During the recent years we observed several @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). We reviewed our @entity1 with @entity1498 to determine whether this presentation represents an exception or is relevant for the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 . Materials and Methods: From 1/2001 to 12/2013 74 babies with @entity1498 were diagnosed in our institution. 50 @entity1 presented in the neonatal period and 24 @entity1 beyond the first month. Results: 5/74 @entity1 presented after the neonatal period with poorly contractile, dilated left ventricles. Echocardiographic detection of the @entity1498 was facilitated by application of the ductal view and by Doppler interrogation of the celiac artery revealing a significantly diminished systolic flow velocity. All @entity1 underwent resection of the @entity1498 and end-to-end anastomosis of  the aorta. Postoperative normalization of left ventricular function was observed within a median interval of 2 months. Conclusion: Coarctation of the aorta presenting as @entity384 accounted for 21% of our @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period and 7% of those in the first year of life. The stenosis was difficult to detect because of its distal location and normal configuration of the aortic arch. @entity1498 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 and requires careful examination of the isthmic region in these @entity1 .

title: Pitfalls in Echocardiography: Coarctation of the Aorta Presenting as @entity384 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['DCM']