abstract: Twenty-three cadaveric renal allograft recipients with stable but compromised kidney function were electively converted from @entity205 to @entity500 one year after transplantation. Within a few weeks glomerular filtration rate (GFR) rose by 40% and serum @entity1011 fell from 171 +/- 12 (mean +/- SEM) to 129 +/- 7 mumol/L. The increase in GFR was due to an increase in effective renal plasma flow of 21%. This suggests that one year of continuous @entity205 (CsA) therapy does not result in irreversible structural @entity8 . Although antihypertensive treatment was not changed, blood pressure fell from 142 +/- 4/90 +/- 3 to 123 +/- 3/77 +/- 2 mmHg. In addition a significant drop in serum @entity165 and @entity1674 and an improvement in @entity413 tolerance were found. The beneficial effects on @entity177 , blood pressure, and metabolic indices were, however, outweighed by a high incidence of postconversion rejection in recipients of a second allograft. For these @entity1 conversion from CsA to @entity500 seems therefore contraindicated. Recipients of a first kidney allograft can be converted safely, as long-term CsA administration in these @entity1 induced a solid engraftment. The sequelae of the mode of treatment--impaired @entity177 , @entity101 , and metabolic disturbances--are reversible even after late conversion.

title: Who should be converted from XXXX to conventional immunosuppression in kidney transplantation, and why.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal function']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity788 is increasing in Western societies at great cost. Pancreatic resections have been performed for 60 years and there are hundreds of papers written on the subject, but there is no agreement on the efficacy of resections. Authors have reported on different groups and subsets of @entity1 and have used different statistical methods. Most authors are unable to report a single five-year survivor; others claim a five-year survival rate of 30 to 55 percent. STUDY DESIGN: I have standardized and compared the results reported in 340 papers that deal with survival rates and where there is apparently adequate confirmation of disease. RESULTS: Survivors who have been resected may be reported up to six times even from different countries, whereas survivors who were not resected are frequently overlooked. Actuarial statistical methods exaggerate results when data are lost. After corrections for repetitions, approximately 300 survivors were found, of whom 10 percent had not undergone resection, of the estimated 80,000 @entity1 reported. The overall survival rate was less than 0.4 percent. The best overall survival rate in surgical studies reported in detail is only 3.6 percent and for a nonsurgical study it was 1.7 percent. The average excess cost for each resection was at least  150,000. With only one in 30 @entity1 who underwent resection living for five years, the cumulative cost per "successful" resection was therefore approximately  4.5 million. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic resections have had minimal impact on survival rates in @entity1 with @entity189 and are wasteful of resources.

title: XXXX : critical analysis of costs, results of resections, and the need for standardized reporting.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: One hundred seven @entity1 who recently had acute @entity583 were randomly assigned either to standard heparin therapy or to intravenous streptokinase within 5 hours after the onset of symptoms in 7 hospitals without catheterization facilities. In the third week, the @entity1 were referred to a university hospital, where the patency rate of the @entity1188 was studied by selective coronary arteriography and left ventricular function by radionuclide angiography. Fifty-five @entity1 received heparin and 52 streptokinase within a mean period of 190 minutes after the onset of symptoms. Seven @entity1 in the heparin group and 4 in the streptokinase group died in hospital. The patency rate of the @entity1188 was identical in both groups (69% in the heparin group vs 68% in the streptokinase group). Left ventricular ejection fraction was not statistically different (0.44 +/- 0.13 in the heparin group vs 0.45 +/- 0.12 in the streptokinase group). Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in @entity1 with a patent @entity1188 than in @entity1 with an obstructed @entity1188 (0.49 +/- 0.12 vs 0.41 +/- 0.15, p less than 0.01). In @entity1 with inferior wall @entity1188 , left ventricular ejection fraction was identical (0.50 +/- 0.10 in the heparin group vs 0.52 +/- 0.09, in the streptokinase group). In @entity1 with anterior wall @entity1188 , left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in the streptokinase group than in heparin group (0.40 +/- 0.10 vs 0.33 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.05). Analysis of regional wall motion revealed that improvement occurred in the lateral wall of the left ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of early high-dose streptokinase intravenously on left ventricular function in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early case reports suggest more frequent and rapid recurrences of @entity1086 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) than after open cholecystectomy. This @entity5 has a poor prognosis and occurs in 1 percent of @entity1 who undergo cholecystectomies. STUDY DESIGN: A recent community hospital series of @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) was reviewed and the total reported experience of @entity1086 after LC was compiled. Diagnostic findings were compared for @entity1 with @entity1086 and a consecutive series of 24 @entity1 who had LC for benign disease. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 with @entity1086 were found among 928 @entity1 who had undergone cholecystectomy (0.97 percent incidence). Compared to @entity1 without @entity1086 , @entity1 with @entity189 were older, had thicker gallbladder walls, and had more abnormalities detected intraoperatively (all p < or = 0.05). Recurrence of @entity1086 occurred more rapidly after LC, and in diffuse peritoneal and port sites when compared with recurrence patterns after open cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1086 , LC may be sufficient when the disease is confined to the gallbladder mucosa and the gallbladder is excised intact without @entity1157 . However, @entity1 whose gallbladders are torn during dissection or @entity1 who have invasive @entity5 should undergo laparotomy and local reexcision. In situ @entity1086 can be implanted if the organ is torn during dissection. When gallbladders with suspicious wall thickening or adhesions are noted at LC, especially in older @entity1 , the procedure should be converted to open cholecystectomy.

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can disseminate in situ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile spillage']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder', 'GBC', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been used to treat peritoneal @entity189 . A complete surgical resection is required for optimal results to be achieved. This study evaluated the preoperative computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with @entity298 in order to predict the probability of a complete resection. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis were reviewed retrospectively in 45 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity298 who were treated with surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. According to the completeness of cytoreduction, @entity1 were divided into two groups. @entity1 in the first group (n = 25) had complete cytoreduction (CR) with no @entity5 deposits 2.5 mm in diameter or larger left behind. The surgical resection of @entity5 was incomplete in the second group of @entity1 (n = 20). Sixteen CT parameters were initially examined in each group of @entity1 and statistically evaluated according to the completeness of the cytoreductive surgical procedure. RESULTS: The incidences of six CT findings were significantly different in the two groups of @entity1 . These findings were: @entity5 volume in small bowel mesentery (p < 0.001), @entity5 volume in proximal jejunum (p = 0.003), @entity5 volume in distal jejunum (p = 0.002), @entity5 volume in proximal ileum (p = 0.003), mesentery configuration (p < 0.001), and obstruction of @entity5 (p < 0.001). A statistical approach using a tree-structured diagram showed that @entity1 with both obstruction of @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum on preoperative CT scan, had an 88 percent probability of incomplete resection. @entity1 without these two CT findings had a 92 percent probability of complete resection. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that selection criteria for @entity1 with @entity298 are available on a preoperative CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. @entity1 whose scans @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum are unlikely to be candidates for cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of peritoneal @entity189 .

title: Abdominal computed tomographic scan in the selection of @entity1 with XXXX for cytoreductive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'show obstruction of bowel segments by tumor', 'bowel segments by tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been used to treat peritoneal @entity189 . A complete surgical resection is required for optimal results to be achieved. This study evaluated the preoperative computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with @entity298 in order to predict the probability of a complete resection. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis were reviewed retrospectively in 45 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity298 who were treated with surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. According to the completeness of cytoreduction, @entity1 were divided into two groups. @entity1 in the first group (n = 25) had complete cytoreduction (CR) with no @entity5 deposits 2.5 mm in diameter or larger left behind. The surgical resection of @entity5 was incomplete in the second group of @entity1 (n = 20). Sixteen CT parameters were initially examined in each group of @entity1 and statistically evaluated according to the completeness of the cytoreductive surgical procedure. RESULTS: The incidences of six CT findings were significantly different in the two groups of @entity1 . These findings were: @entity5 volume in small bowel mesentery (p < 0.001), @entity5 volume in proximal jejunum (p = 0.003), @entity5 volume in distal jejunum (p = 0.002), @entity5 volume in proximal ileum (p = 0.003), mesentery configuration (p < 0.001), and obstruction of @entity5 (p < 0.001). A statistical approach using a tree-structured diagram showed that @entity1 with both obstruction of @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum on preoperative CT scan, had an 88 percent probability of incomplete resection. @entity1 without these two CT findings had a 92 percent probability of complete resection. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that selection criteria for @entity1 with @entity298 are available on a preoperative CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. @entity1 whose scans @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum are unlikely to be candidates for cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of peritoneal @entity189 .

title: Abdominal computed tomographic scan in the selection of XXXX with @entity298 for cytoreductive surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have examined a series of 37 @entity957 for the presence of HPV 6/11, 16, and 18 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/Southern blotting and for @entity876 alterations by immunohistochemistry and mutation screening with temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). HPV sequences were found in a total of 26 of 37 @entity5 (70.3%), most frequently @entity1799 (20/37) followed by HPV 18 (11/37). Double infections with @entity1799 and 18 were present in 5 @entity5 . @entity876 accumulation was detectable immunohistochemically in 21 of 37 @entity189 (56.8%). There were remarkable differences in the distribution of immunoreactive @entity5 cells in relation to the @entity5 grade. A mutation screening for @entity876 by TGGE, directed to the amplified exons 5-8, revealed @entity876 mutations in 14 of 37 @entity189 (37.8%). Mutations in two different exons were present in 3 @entity5 , 11 @entity5 being hit once. Exon 7 was mutated in 6 @entity189 , exons 5 and 8 in 4 cases, and exon 6 in 3 cases. When grouping the @entity5 with @entity876 mutation according to their HPV state, HPV-positive cases showed slightly more mutations (11/26) than HPV-negative cases (3/11). Only 5 of 37 @entity189 (13.5%) contained neither HPV DNA nor @entity876 alterations. Our results indicate that high-risk HPV and @entity876 mutations frequently coexist in @entity189 , in @entity5 , @entity189 of the cervix uteri. This may reflect different pathways in carcinogenesis in squamous cell epithelium from different sites.

title: HPV DNA and XXXX alterations in @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'contrast to genital tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'notably carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: We have examined a series of 37 @entity957 for the presence of HPV 6/11, 16, and 18 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/Southern blotting and for @entity876 alterations by immunohistochemistry and mutation screening with temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). HPV sequences were found in a total of 26 of 37 @entity5 (70.3%), most frequently @entity1799 (20/37) followed by HPV 18 (11/37). Double infections with @entity1799 and 18 were present in 5 @entity5 . @entity876 accumulation was detectable immunohistochemically in 21 of 37 @entity189 (56.8%). There were remarkable differences in the distribution of immunoreactive @entity5 cells in relation to the @entity5 grade. A mutation screening for @entity876 by TGGE, directed to the amplified exons 5-8, revealed @entity876 mutations in 14 of 37 @entity189 (37.8%). Mutations in two different exons were present in 3 @entity5 , 11 @entity5 being hit once. Exon 7 was mutated in 6 @entity189 , exons 5 and 8 in 4 cases, and exon 6 in 3 cases. When grouping the @entity5 with @entity876 mutation according to their HPV state, HPV-positive cases showed slightly more mutations (11/26) than HPV-negative cases (3/11). Only 5 of 37 @entity189 (13.5%) contained neither HPV DNA nor @entity876 alterations. Our results indicate that high-risk HPV and @entity876 mutations frequently coexist in @entity189 , in @entity5 , @entity189 of the cervix uteri. This may reflect different pathways in carcinogenesis in squamous cell epithelium from different sites.

title: HPV DNA and @entity876 alterations in XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal carcinomas']


abstract: This study has quantified the effects of insulin treatment with and without @entity3650 reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat) on intestinal epithelial cell morphology in @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . Epithelial volumes, villous and microvillous surface areas and mean volumes of cells (and their nuclei) in crypts and villi were estimated in each of four segments and in the entire intestine. We derived total numbers of cells, quantified the ultrastructural features of average cells and explored variation along the intestine and between experimental groups. In crypts, insulin and ponalrestat had significant effects on cell number (reduced towards normal values) and size (volume and apex area increased beyond normal values). There were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat for cell volume and apex area (insulin producing more exaggerated effects when given without @entity5120 ). On villi, insulin and ponalrestat returned cell numbers towards normal values but neither treatment normalised cell size or the number and area of microvilli per cell. Indeed, ponalrestat increased microvillous number and area beyond values found in untreated @entity6 animals. Again, there were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat. Patterns of segmental variation seen in crypts of normal @entity35 (values tending to be higher in proximal or mid-intestinal regions) were not preserved, and only some of the segmental differences seen on villi (higher values at proximal or mid-intestinal sites) were maintained during therapy. Apart from reducing the abnormally high numbers of cells in untreated @entity6 @entity35 , these results show that insulin and ponalrestat treatment fail to restitute epithelial cell morphology in the small intestines of experimental @entity6 @entity35 .

title: Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the @entity3839 - XXXX small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and @entity3650 reductase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity5120 :: ('MESH:C042829', 'Chemical') :: ['ponalrestat']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: This study has quantified the effects of insulin treatment with and without @entity3650 reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat) on intestinal epithelial cell morphology in @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . Epithelial volumes, villous and microvillous surface areas and mean volumes of cells (and their nuclei) in crypts and villi were estimated in each of four segments and in the entire intestine. We derived total numbers of cells, quantified the ultrastructural features of average cells and explored variation along the intestine and between experimental groups. In crypts, insulin and ponalrestat had significant effects on cell number (reduced towards normal values) and size (volume and apex area increased beyond normal values). There were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat for cell volume and apex area (insulin producing more exaggerated effects when given without @entity5120 ). On villi, insulin and ponalrestat returned cell numbers towards normal values but neither treatment normalised cell size or the number and area of microvilli per cell. Indeed, ponalrestat increased microvillous number and area beyond values found in untreated @entity6 animals. Again, there were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat. Patterns of segmental variation seen in crypts of normal @entity35 (values tending to be higher in proximal or mid-intestinal regions) were not preserved, and only some of the segmental differences seen on villi (higher values at proximal or mid-intestinal sites) were maintained during therapy. Apart from reducing the abnormally high numbers of cells in untreated @entity6 @entity35 , these results show that insulin and ponalrestat treatment fail to restitute epithelial cell morphology in the small intestines of experimental @entity6 @entity35 .

title: Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the @entity3839 - @entity6 small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and XXXX reductase inhibition.

answer: @entity3650 :: (CHEBI:15693,Chemical) :: ['aldose']


abstract: This study has quantified the effects of insulin treatment with and without @entity3650 reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat) on intestinal epithelial cell morphology in @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . Epithelial volumes, villous and microvillous surface areas and mean volumes of cells (and their nuclei) in crypts and villi were estimated in each of four segments and in the entire intestine. We derived total numbers of cells, quantified the ultrastructural features of average cells and explored variation along the intestine and between experimental groups. In crypts, insulin and ponalrestat had significant effects on cell number (reduced towards normal values) and size (volume and apex area increased beyond normal values). There were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat for cell volume and apex area (insulin producing more exaggerated effects when given without @entity5120 ). On villi, insulin and ponalrestat returned cell numbers towards normal values but neither treatment normalised cell size or the number and area of microvilli per cell. Indeed, ponalrestat increased microvillous number and area beyond values found in untreated @entity6 animals. Again, there were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat. Patterns of segmental variation seen in crypts of normal @entity35 (values tending to be higher in proximal or mid-intestinal regions) were not preserved, and only some of the segmental differences seen on villi (higher values at proximal or mid-intestinal sites) were maintained during therapy. Apart from reducing the abnormally high numbers of cells in untreated @entity6 @entity35 , these results show that insulin and ponalrestat treatment fail to restitute epithelial cell morphology in the small intestines of experimental @entity6 @entity35 .

title: Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the XXXX - @entity6 small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and @entity3650 reductase inhibition.

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: @entity5754 ( @entity5754 ) and @entity3126 ( @entity3126 ) continue to cause significant morbidity and occasional deaths among mountain recreationists and residents. Descent to lower altitude is still considered the treatment of choice, but an increased role for medical therapy is emerging. @entity3791 is currently the drug of choice for prevention of @entity5754 , and probably @entity3126 as well. Numerous studies have demonstrated the drug's effectiveness when it is started 12 to 24 hours before ascent. Suggestions for indications, dosage, and regimen vary with different authors. Lower dosage offers adequate protection with fewer side effects. @entity3791 has still not been adequately studied for treatment of @entity221 . @entity26 effectively treats @entity3126 and mild @entity5754 , but is not as useful for @entity2657 . @entity619 recently was found effective for treatment of @entity5754 , including early @entity2657 , but not for advanced @entity2657 . Side effects limit its use for prophylaxis, but @entity619 offers an alternative to @entity3791 for those with sulfa intolerance.

title: Medical therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['high-altitude pulmonary edema', 'HAPE']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['Acute mountain sickness', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['altitude illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['altitude illness']


abstract: 1. Possible cholinoceptor-mediated effects on lipolysis were investigated in vivo in @entity1 subcutaneous adipose tissue of @entity28 , non-smoking, healthy subjects, by use of microdialysis. Cholinomimetic and sympathomimetic agents were added to the in going dialysate solvent. 2. Addition of @entity1239 to the perfusion solvent caused a concentration-dependent reversible increase in the levels of @entity653 in the dialysate (lipolysis index). The opposite effect (also concentration-dependent and reversible) was caused by the addition of @entity5402 . The maximum effects were 100% stimulation and 50% inhibition, respectively, by @entity1239 and @entity5402 . Neither @entity1239 nor @entity5402 stimulated nutritive blood flow in adipose tissue (as measured with an @entity1068 escape technique). 3. The @entity1239 effect in situ was concentration-dependently counteracted by the nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist, @entity6959 . Likewise, the @entity5402 effect was concentration-dependently counteracted by the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist, @entity3897 . 4. When adipose tissue was pretreated with @entity5521 plus @entity1169 in order to obtain a complete alpha and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, the subsequent addition of @entity1239 or @entity5402 still induced an increase and decrease in dialysate @entity653 levels (lipolytic or antilipolytic effects), respectively. When adipose tissue was pretreated with @entity6959 or @entity3897 , the subsequent addition of @entity934 caused a reversible decrease and increase, respectively, of the dialysate @entity653 levels. 5. @entity1239 and @entity5402 had no effects on @entity653 release from @entity1 isolated subcutaneous fat cells that were incubated in vivo. 6. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a dual effect of the cholinoceptor system on @entity653 output inhuman adipose tissue: stimulation through nicotinic receptors and inhibition through muscarinic receptors. These effects, which are not observed in vitro, are independent of the adrenergic system and the local blood flow and seem not to be mediated by a direct action on the fat cell.

title: Cholinoceptor-mediated effects on XXXX output from @entity1 adipose tissue using in situ microdialysis.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: 1. Possible cholinoceptor-mediated effects on lipolysis were investigated in vivo in @entity1 subcutaneous adipose tissue of @entity28 , non-smoking, healthy subjects, by use of microdialysis. Cholinomimetic and sympathomimetic agents were added to the in going dialysate solvent. 2. Addition of @entity1239 to the perfusion solvent caused a concentration-dependent reversible increase in the levels of @entity653 in the dialysate (lipolysis index). The opposite effect (also concentration-dependent and reversible) was caused by the addition of @entity5402 . The maximum effects were 100% stimulation and 50% inhibition, respectively, by @entity1239 and @entity5402 . Neither @entity1239 nor @entity5402 stimulated nutritive blood flow in adipose tissue (as measured with an @entity1068 escape technique). 3. The @entity1239 effect in situ was concentration-dependently counteracted by the nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist, @entity6959 . Likewise, the @entity5402 effect was concentration-dependently counteracted by the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist, @entity3897 . 4. When adipose tissue was pretreated with @entity5521 plus @entity1169 in order to obtain a complete alpha and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, the subsequent addition of @entity1239 or @entity5402 still induced an increase and decrease in dialysate @entity653 levels (lipolytic or antilipolytic effects), respectively. When adipose tissue was pretreated with @entity6959 or @entity3897 , the subsequent addition of @entity934 caused a reversible decrease and increase, respectively, of the dialysate @entity653 levels. 5. @entity1239 and @entity5402 had no effects on @entity653 release from @entity1 isolated subcutaneous fat cells that were incubated in vivo. 6. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a dual effect of the cholinoceptor system on @entity653 output inhuman adipose tissue: stimulation through nicotinic receptors and inhibition through muscarinic receptors. These effects, which are not observed in vitro, are independent of the adrenergic system and the local blood flow and seem not to be mediated by a direct action on the fat cell.

title: Cholinoceptor-mediated effects on @entity653 output from XXXX adipose tissue using in situ microdialysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In recent years, there have been a large number of neuropeptides discovered that regulate food intake. Many of these peptides regulate food intake by increasing or decreasing @entity842 (NO). In the current study, we compared the effect of the food modulators @entity20649 , @entity32327 and @entity20648 in NOS KO @entity19 . Satiated homozygous and heterozygous NOS KO @entity19 and their wild type controls were administered @entity20649 ICV. Food intake was measured for 2h post injection. @entity20649 did not increase food intake in the homozygous NOS KO @entity19 compared to vehicle treated NOS KO @entity19 , whereas food intake was increased in the wild type controls compared to vehicle treated wild type controls. @entity32327 was administered ICV and food intake measured for 2h. Homozygous NOS KO @entity19 showed no increase in food intake after @entity32327 administration, whereas the wild type controls did. In our final study, we administered @entity20648 intraperitoneally to homozygous and heterozygous NOS KO @entity19 and their wild type controls after overnight food deprivation. Food intake was measured for 1h after injection. @entity20648 inhibited food intake in wild type @entity19 after overnight food deprivation, however, @entity20648 failed to inhibit food intake in the NOS KO @entity19 . The heterozygous @entity19 showed partial food inhibition after the @entity20648 . The current results add further support to the theory that NO is a central mediator in food intake.

title: XXXX is a central component in neuropeptide regulation of appetite.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between mood and @entity148 and @entity455 after controlling for @entity455 risk factors. METHODS: Using a nationally representative sample of adults (N=5692) from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), @entity1 with @entity1316 were hierarchically classified as having any lifetime history of @entity162 , hypomania, or major @entity308 . @entity148 were also assessed. The reference group consisted of those without @entity146 . @entity455 was determined by self-reported history of @entity299 , @entity299 , or @entity64 on the NCS-R survey. Vascular risk factors included @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 . RESULTS: In multivariate logistic regression models that controlled for @entity28 , @entity101 , smoking and @entity532 was associated with @entity162 in @entity1 [odds ratio (OR) 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-4.80], and major @entity308 in @entity1 (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.17-2.92). Controlling for @entity148 reduced the associations in both @entity1 and @entity1 , and in fact, @entity148 were more strongly associated with @entity455 in @entity1 , whereas @entity162 continued to be an important correlate of @entity455 in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluation of sex differences, @entity1316 subtype and co-occurring @entity148 in assessing the association between @entity1316 and @entity455 . Future research should investigate potential biologic mechanisms for these associations in order to define potential targets for intervention.

title: The association between mood and @entity148 with XXXX and risk factors in a nationally representative sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular disease', 'vascular diseases', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes, vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder', 'mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'heart attack']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between mood and @entity148 and @entity455 after controlling for @entity455 risk factors. METHODS: Using a nationally representative sample of adults (N=5692) from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (NCS-R), @entity1 with @entity1316 were hierarchically classified as having any lifetime history of @entity162 , hypomania, or major @entity308 . @entity148 were also assessed. The reference group consisted of those without @entity146 . @entity455 was determined by self-reported history of @entity299 , @entity299 , or @entity64 on the NCS-R survey. Vascular risk factors included @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 . RESULTS: In multivariate logistic regression models that controlled for @entity28 , @entity101 , smoking and @entity532 was associated with @entity162 in @entity1 [odds ratio (OR) 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-4.80], and major @entity308 in @entity1 (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.17-2.92). Controlling for @entity148 reduced the associations in both @entity1 and @entity1 , and in fact, @entity148 were more strongly associated with @entity455 in @entity1 , whereas @entity162 continued to be an important correlate of @entity455 in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluation of sex differences, @entity1316 subtype and co-occurring @entity148 in assessing the association between @entity1316 and @entity455 . Future research should investigate potential biologic mechanisms for these associations in order to define potential targets for intervention.

title: The association between mood and XXXX with @entity455 and risk factors in a nationally representative sample.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have directly compared cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) with combined CRT-cardioverter defibrillator therapy (CRT-D) in @entity1 with @entity1002 . We performed a systematic analysis to assess the therapeutic effects of CRT and CRT-D in @entity1 with @entity1002 and @entity712 . METHODS: The Medline database from 1970 to September 2010 was searched. The major outcome examined was the all-cause @entity204 rate. RESULTS: A total of 3404 @entity1 were retrieved from seven studies. Overall, CRT-D reduced all-cause @entity204 by 8.42% compared with CRT [odds ratio (OR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.81, P=0.001, I(2)=63.9%]. An increased benefit was seen after extended follow-up (after 1 year, OR 0.56, CI 0.41-0.77, P=0.0004, I(2)=64.9%), but not after relatively short follow-up (within 1 year, P=0.11). Results from other endpoints examined, such as @entity204 from @entity1164 and @entity712 , also supported CRT-D treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from current randomised and non-randomised trials demonstrates some superiorities of CRT-D over CRT, such as all-cause @entity204 rate after one-year follow-up and @entity204 , in @entity1 with @entity1002 . However, these findings must be verified in larger, randomised, prospective trials, including with extended @entity1 follow-up.

title: Comparison of CRT and CRT-D in XXXX : systematic review of controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) impairment', 'LV impairment']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The design, syntheses, photochemical and biological properties of conjugates of @entity9435 with @entity19423 - (1) and @entity8304 -containing (2) analogues of @entity73176 are reported. The results of an @entity5611 displacement assay and circular dichroism (CD) titration studies show both compounds bind with a higher affinity to poly(dA-dT) than to @entity10918 . In addition they bind as strongly to T4 coliphage DNA as to @entity291 thymus DNA suggesting the binding occurs in the minor groove. The quenching rate constants of the singlet excited states of agents 1 and 2 by molecular @entity26 were found to be 8.5 x 10(9) M-1S-1 and 7.7 x 10(9) M-1S-1, suggesting the involvement of singlet @entity26 . Both compounds showed some @entity137 to @entity1 @entity1860 K562 cells in the dark. Upon irradiation the activities were significantly enhanced resulting in photoinduced dose modifications of 8 and 14 for 1 and 2, respectively under the conditions employed. Both agents were markedly more @entity6337 than @entity35219 8. To address the mechanism of action of compounds 1 and 2 their photoactivated abilities to produce DNA strand breaks were measured. Both agents caused increased single strand breakage with increasing UV exposure. The concentrations (EC50) of 1 and 2 needed to cause 50% single-strand cleavage of pBR322 DNA upon UV-A activation were found to be 40 microM and 45 microM, respectively. In contrast, no DNA strand breaks were observed in the dark with either conjugate or with 8 following irradiation. DNA strand breaks were measured in drug treated K562 cells using alkaline elution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel cytotoxic DNA sequence and minor groove targeted photosensitizers: conjugates of @entity9435 and XXXX analogues.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic']

entities_list: @entity35219 :: ('MESH:C002218', 'Chemical') :: ['1-pyrenebutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity73176 :: ('MESH:D009429', 'Chemical') :: ['netropsin']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity73176 :: (MESH:D009429,Chemical) :: ['netropsin']


abstract: The design, syntheses, photochemical and biological properties of conjugates of @entity9435 with @entity19423 - (1) and @entity8304 -containing (2) analogues of @entity73176 are reported. The results of an @entity5611 displacement assay and circular dichroism (CD) titration studies show both compounds bind with a higher affinity to poly(dA-dT) than to @entity10918 . In addition they bind as strongly to T4 coliphage DNA as to @entity291 thymus DNA suggesting the binding occurs in the minor groove. The quenching rate constants of the singlet excited states of agents 1 and 2 by molecular @entity26 were found to be 8.5 x 10(9) M-1S-1 and 7.7 x 10(9) M-1S-1, suggesting the involvement of singlet @entity26 . Both compounds showed some @entity137 to @entity1 @entity1860 K562 cells in the dark. Upon irradiation the activities were significantly enhanced resulting in photoinduced dose modifications of 8 and 14 for 1 and 2, respectively under the conditions employed. Both agents were markedly more @entity6337 than @entity35219 8. To address the mechanism of action of compounds 1 and 2 their photoactivated abilities to produce DNA strand breaks were measured. Both agents caused increased single strand breakage with increasing UV exposure. The concentrations (EC50) of 1 and 2 needed to cause 50% single-strand cleavage of pBR322 DNA upon UV-A activation were found to be 40 microM and 45 microM, respectively. In contrast, no DNA strand breaks were observed in the dark with either conjugate or with 8 following irradiation. DNA strand breaks were measured in drug treated K562 cells using alkaline elution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel cytotoxic DNA sequence and minor groove targeted photosensitizers: conjugates of XXXX and @entity73176 analogues.

answer: @entity9435 :: (MESH:C030984,Chemical) :: ['pyrene']


abstract: Laminin is present on the apical and basolateral sides of epithelial cells of very early sea urchin blastulae. We investigated whether small laminin-peptides, known to have cell binding activities, alter the development of sea urchin embryos. The peptide YIGSR- @entity2733 (850 microM) and the peptide @entity73177 (5 microM), which contains the peptide sequence IKVAV (Tashiro et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264, 16174, 1989), typically blocked archenteron formation when added to the sea water soon after fertilization. At lower doses, the YIGSR peptide allowed invagination of the archenteron but blocked archenteron extension and differentiation and evagination of the feeding arms. The effect of YIGSR and @entity73178 -2 peptides declined when added to progressively older stages until no effect was seen when added at the mesenchyme blastula stage (24 hours after fertilization). Control peptides GRGDS, YIGSE, and SHA22, a dodeca-peptide with a scrambled IKVAV sequence, had no effect on development. The YIGSK peptide containing a conserved @entity535 modification had only a small effect on gastrulation. The results suggest that YIGSR and IKVAV peptides specifically disrupt cell/extracellular matrix interactions required for normal development of the archenteron and feeding arms. Our recent finding that YTGIR is at the cell binding site of the B1 chain of @entity6798 laminin supports this conclusion. Evidently, laminin or other laminin-like molecules are among the many extracellular matrix components needed for the invagination and extension of the archenteron during the gastrulation movements of these embryos.

title: Gastrulation in the sea urchin, XXXX , is disrupted by the small laminin peptides YIGSR and IKVAV.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity6798 :: (7668,Species) :: ['Strongylocentrotus purpuratus']


abstract: Studies of chemotherapy in advanced or recurrent @entity5 have focussed on ovarian, cervical, and @entity1204 . For celomic @entity189 of the ovary, a large number of cytotoxic agents have been shown to be active. Dramatic improvement in frequency of response with lesser improvement in survival has been noted with the use of @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy as compared to single alkylating agents. More recent studies have evaluated alternative ways to employ @entity900 : higher dose schedules, intraperitoneal administration, and @entity902 compounds with a potentially better therapeutic index. None has yet been shown superior to a combination of relatively low-dose @entity900 plus an alkylating agent with or without @entity632 . @entity900 remains the best studied and most active single agent in @entity1 with @entity957 . While a number of other agents have demonstrated moderate activity, no combination of drugs has as yet proved superior to single-agent @entity900 . In @entity1204 , @entity7828 and @entity632 are the most active agents. @entity440 , @entity900 , and @entity11558 appear to have moderate activity. No combination has yet been shown to be superior to single agents. Information on chemotherapy for less common gynecologic @entity5 is largely anecdotal. Two observations are of note. @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy is highly active against germ-cell neoplasms of the ovary. @entity900 also has definite activity against mixed @entity242 .

title: Chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['mesodermal sarcoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic cancer']


abstract: A new computer assisted method for analysing RR interval histograms was devised in 32 @entity1 with sustained @entity955 . Twenty four hour ECG recordings were divided consecutively into periods with 64 heart beats and mean heart rates calculated for each period. Using increments of 10 beats. @entity1009 serial heart rate stratified histograms with 5120 RR intervals were constructed according to the calculated heart rate. In all histograms the RR intervals were sorted into 20 ms wide subgroups between 180 and 2100 ms. The analysis showed a bimodal RR distribution in 26 @entity1 . Several indices were chosen to characterise a given RR interval peak in the histogram analysis. The rate dependence of peak was calculated for each individual peak. In the presence of two or more peaks a peak dominance change value was defined. Furthermore, differences and ratios between peak values at peak dominance change value (peak gap and peak value ratio) were calculated. A contour index was used to describe the smoothness of the appearance of the histogram. Comparisons were made between the histograms with periods composed of different numbers of heart beats (8, 16, 32, 64) for the mean heart rate calculation and between the histograms constructed with different numbers of RR intervals (512, 1024, 2560, 5120, 10,240, pooled data) in six @entity1 . A significant finding was that greater than 5000 RR intervals should be used for the construction of a heart rate stratified histogram. Comparison was also made between the repeated histograms with a mean time interval of 137 days (7-413 days) in eight @entity1 . The findings showed a high reproducibility of the heart rate stratified histogram.

title: Methodological aspects of the use of heart rate stratified RR interval histograms in the analysis of atrioventricular conduction during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The etiology of @entity4436 remains unclear. The majority of @entity7261 are solitary and probably false and may be the result of the same degenerative process seen in the more common left-sided @entity7261 . A minority are true @entity7261 and may be of congenital origin. @entity4436 is clinically indistinguishable from @entity697 although @entity1 with @entity4436 tend to be older (average age, 40 years), have a longer duration of symptoms, and present less often with @entity390 and @entity391 . In @entity1 with previous appendectomy and in those with more indolent symptoms, barium enema may be helpful in making the diagnosis. If nonoperative treatment is chosen, careful follow-up with air contrast barium enema and colonoscopy should be carried out. The majority of @entity1 require surgery and two types of @entity4436 are encountered at laparotomy. The usual type, accounting for two thirds of cases, is easy to recognize, has an inflamed projection from the cecal wall, and is dealt with by a limited local diverticulectomy. Some authors advocate nonsurgical treatment for this first group of @entity1 . Incidental appendectomy is advocated to avoid @entity911 should symptoms occur postoperatively. The hidden variant presents as a large, indurated phlegmon and is difficult to distinguish from a perforated @entity189 . With the hidden variant, right hemicolectomy is the surgical treatment of choice and carries a 1.4 percent mortality.

title: XXXX . A review of the American experience.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cecal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['cecal diverticulitis', 'Cecal diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Cecal diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Beside having roles in energy homeostasis and endocrine modulation, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is now considered a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (adipose-derived stromal cells or ASCs) for regenerative medicine. Despite numerous studies on cultured ASCs, native @entity1 ASCs are rarely investigated. Indeed, the phenotype of ASCs in their native state, their localization within @entity1386 and comparison with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) has been poorly investigated. DESIGN: To address these issues, the stroma vascular fraction (SVF) of @entity1 @entity1386 was extracted and native cell subtypes were isolated by immunoselection to study their clonogenic potential in culture. Immunohistology on samples of @entity1 @entity1386 in combination with reconstruction of confocal sections were performed in order to localize ASCs. RESULTS: Compared with BM-MNCs, all native ASCs were found in the @entity2280 (+) cell fraction of the @entity3120 . Native ASCs expressed classical mesenchymal markers described for BM-MSCs. Interestingly, @entity2280 expression decreased during ASC cell culture and was negatively correlated with cell proliferation rate. Immunohistological analysis revealed that native ASCs exhibited specific morphological features with protrusions. They were found scattered in @entity1386 and did not express in vivo pericytic markers such as @entity28557 , @entity3820 or alpha-smooth muscle actin, which appeared during the culture process. Finally, ASCs spontaneous commitment to adipocytic lineage was enhanced in @entity1386 from obese @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of complementary methodological approaches to study native @entity1 ASCs revealed their immunophenotype, their specific morphology, their location within @entity1386 and their stemness. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that @entity1 ASCs participate in adipogenesis during @entity1386 development.

title: Native XXXX adipose stromal cells: localization, morphology and phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT', 'AT stroma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the influence of clinical and angiographic variables, including the anatomic disease pattern, on the outcome of iliac stent placement. @entity1 AND METHODS: The 455 @entity1 of the study population were divided in three groups according to the anatomic distribution of their peripheral @entity731 lesions. Pattern type 1 (focal aortoiliac and/or common iliac lesion) included 180 @entity1 (39.6%), type 2 ( @entity75 ) comprised 58 @entity1 (12.8%), and type 3 (multilevel lesions) included 217 @entity1 (47.7%). RESULTS: Complete relief of symptoms immediately after revascularization was observed in 88.3% and 85.4% of @entity1 with pattern type 1 and 2, respectively, compared to 60.1% with type 3 (P < .05). The persistence of clinical benefit at 36-month follow-up was 91.6%, 97.9%, and 60.8% in disease patterns 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 3% with type 1 lesions, 5.7% with type 2, and 9.7% with type 3. On multivariate logistic regression, the presence of a disease pattern type 3 was the most powerful indicator (P < .001) of early unsatisfactory clinical outcome in iliac stent placement. Unexpectedly, female gender was predictive of unsatisfactory clinical outcome (P < .01) and higher periprocedural complications (P < .001) following iliac stent revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: Pattern type classification helps identify @entity1 at higher risk for @entity65 and mortality. Ideal candidates for iliac stent placement are @entity1 with pattern type 1 or 2 disease.

title: Influence of anatomic distribution of XXXX on the outcome of revascularization with iliac stent placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['external iliac lesion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety, efficacy, and diagnostic utility of percutaneous cholecystostomy in @entity1 with suspected calculous or @entity7140 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Percutaneous cholecystostomy guided with ultrasound (US) was performed in 58 consecutive hospitalized @entity1 with suspected acute @entity2679 (28 with calculous, 30 with @entity66 ) who were not surgical candidates. RESULTS: The gallbladder was successfully catheterized in all 58 @entity1 ; 48 @entity1 (83%) had a final diagnosis of acute @entity2679 . Clinical benefit was seen in 26 of 28 @entity1 (93%) with @entity2679 and in 16 of 20 @entity1 (80%) with @entity66 . The six @entity1 who did not respond had pathologic evidence of transmural @entity32 , and five had a gangrenous wall. The gallbladder was excluded as the source of @entity295 in 10 @entity1 with suspected @entity7140 . These @entity1 ' conditions did not improve after percutaneous cholecystostomy. Of the 48 @entity1 with @entity2679 , 18 underwent cholecystectomy, 25 recovered and had their catheters removed, and five died of other causes with their catheters in place. There was one major complication, and seven minor complications. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is efficacious in both calculous and @entity7140 , but it may be most useful in the diagnosis of @entity7140 .

title: Percutaneous cholecystostomy for the diagnosis and treatment of acute calculous and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous disease']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

answer: @entity7140 :: (MESH:D042101,Disease) :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a new technique of transvascular renal biopsy with a flexible @entity36468 in high-risk @entity1 and compare its results with those reported for other techniques of renal biopsy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen transfemoral renal biopsies were performed in 13 high-risk @entity1 . Indications included severe @entity3459 , combined renal-hepatic biopsy, morbid @entity28 , solitary kidney, and poor clinical condition. The technique was performed through the femoral vein; a 7-F Mullins introducer sheath was placed in a subcortical renal vein, and the biopsy was performed with a flexible biopsy @entity36468 . RESULTS: Renal tissue was obtained in 15 of 16 procedures (93.7%) with at least one glomerulus in 14 of 16 (87.5%), and at least six glomeruli in 11 of 16 procedures (69%). Samples adequate for diagnosis were obtained in 13 of 16 procedures (81%). Mean number of glomeruli per procedure was 12.6 (range, 0-39). Aside from transient @entity811 in two @entity1 , no other complications were known to have occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Transfemoral renal biopsy is a safe technique for acquisition of renal samples in high-risk @entity1 . The procedure can be performed at the same time as other vascular techniques. The histopathologic results, although worse than those obtained with the percutaneous approach, are better than those reported with other transvascular techniques.

title: Renal biopsy with XXXX through the femoral vein.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity36468 :: (MESH:C536385,Disease) :: ['forceps']


abstract: We report on a 22-year old @entity1 who received a cadaveric renal transplant following haemodialysis treatment for five months due to endstage chronic @entity631 . 14 months after successful transplantation while on stable renal function (serum- @entity1011 1.0-1.4 mg%) the @entity1 became pregnant. As an immunosuppressive therapy the @entity1 got @entity205 and @entity821 . The monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy ( @entity205 ) was performed by daily measurement of serum concentration by radioimmunoassay. Drug administration was adjusted to maintain serum levels of 250-550 ng/ml. Increased dosages were required from 25th week until delivery. Until the 25th week of gestation the pregnancy was uncomplicated from both the nephrological and obstetrical points of view. At the 25th week of gestation the @entity1 became anuric. This was caused by a @entity177 due to the compression of the transplantar ureter by the pregnant uterus. Nephrostomy was installed and was used until the end of pregnancy. In the third trimester the foetus showed @entity851 . For this reason a Caesarean section was necessary at the 36th week of gestation. A healthy @entity1 was delivered weighing 2080 g and measuring 45 cm. No @entity600 were observed, the chromosomal analysis showed no aberrations. After the delivery @entity205 concentrations in the blood of the mother and the newborn were simultaneously measured. A remarkable difference in these concentrations was observed particularly in the mother's blood 864 ng/ml whereas in the baby's blood the concentration was 312 ng/ml. Three days after the delivery the @entity1 was able to urinate normally so that the nephrostomy could be removed.

title: [Pregnancy and labor following kidney transplantation with XXXX . Case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postrenal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine A', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: The effect of a 5-day course of systemic @entity868 was investigated in 11 recall maintenance @entity1 over a period of 3 months. Crevicular fluid flow, @entity548 on probing, pocket depth, and composition of the subgingival microbiota as observed by dark-field microscopy, were measured. The study design allowed @entity1 to act as their own controls. At baseline 1 (day 0), each @entity1 had a randomly assigned quadrant scaled and root-planed, and received oral hygiene instruction. Microbiological and clinical parameters were measured at baseline 1 (before treatment) and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks in both the root-planed and a designated no-treatment quadrant. At baseline 2 (12 weeks), the contralateral quadrant was scaled and root-planed, and the oral hygiene instruction was reinforced. At this appointment, each @entity1 was given 15 @entity868 tablets (250 mg), 1 to be taken 3 times per day for 5 days. At the end of this period, @entity1 were seen 1-2 h after taking their last tablet, and blood and crevicular fluid samples were taken to determine the concentration of @entity868 by microbiological assay in the serum and crevicular fluid. Microbiological and clinical parameters were measured at baseline 2 (before treatment) and at 13, 15, 18, and 24 weeks in both the root-planed and designated non-root-planed ( @entity868 only) quadrants. Results demonstrated that in this group of recall maintenance @entity1 , @entity868 was no more effective than root-planing alone in reducing the relative % of total motile organisms and spirochetes in 5-8 mm pockets. Crevicular fluid flow was, however, significantly reduced for 11 weeks; serum and crevicular fluid levels of @entity868 were similar 1 to 2 h after drug ingestion.

title: Effects of short-term administration of XXXX on the subgingival microflora.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that skin involvement from @entity957 of the @entity135 is a prognostic indicator of a poor outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective review of cases and statistical assessment of median survival times. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 . Fifteen @entity1 had direct skin extension and 11 @entity1 had intradermal lymphatic spread. SETTING: University medical center. RESULTS: Direct skin involvement was a prognostic sign of poor outcome but was less ominous than skin involvement by intradermal lymphatic spread. The @entity1 with direct involvement had a 7-month median survival; those with lymphatic spread had a 3-month median survival. At 3 years, all but one @entity1 had died. Involvement of facial skin was better prognostically for duration of survival than was involvement of neck skin. Surgical resection of the involved skin in half of the @entity1 extended palliation 20 months beyond the median survival of the other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Skin involvement from @entity957 of the @entity135 indicates a poor prognosis, but resection offers short-term palliation.

title: Prognostic significance of skin involvement from mucosal tumors of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity379 ) increases the adhesion to, and lysis of, @entity213 ( @entity6461 ) cells by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) effector cells in vitro and to evaluate the role of cell surface adhesion molecules in these processes. DESIGN: Two @entity1 @entity6461 cell lines, JHU-020- @entity6461 and JHU-022- @entity6461 , were used. Lymphokine-activated killer cells were generated by @entity1199 stimulation of PBM cells obtained from the hemapheresis blood donor packs of healthy individuals. Adhesion assays were performed to assess the level of binding of both effector populations to @entity6461 cells, which were treated with either fresh media or rHuIFN-gamma (100 U/mL). Binding was measured by flow cytometric detection of effector cells labeled with @entity941 -conjugated anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies to the cell adhesion molecules HLA-DR, @entity73179 were used in blocking experiments to determine their contribution to the process of effector- @entity6461 cell adhesion. @entity137 experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay to determine the cytotoxic response generated by LAK and PBM cells against @entity6461 cells, with and without prior rHuIFN-gamma treatment of the @entity5 cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effector cell binding level and percent @entity137 of @entity6461 cells. RESULTS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity379 treatment of JHU-020- @entity6461 cells resulted in increased adhesion to both LAK cells and PBM cells (P < .001). The presence of anti- @entity1453 antibody resulted in elimination of the enhanced adhesion seen with rHuIFN-gamma pretreatment of @entity6461 cells (P =.03), but antibody to @entity2071 and HLA-DR did not reduce the level of effector binding. The greatest cytotoxic response against both @entity6461 and JHU-022- @entity6461 was seen with LAK cells (P < or = .001). Pretreatment of @entity5 targets by rHuIFN-gamma (100 U/mL) resulted in no enhancement of cytotoxic response by either LAK or PBM cells; at the effector-target ratio of 30:1, there was a significant decrease in LAK cell-mediated cytotoxic response against rHuIFN-gamma-treated @entity6461 cells (P < or = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity379 treatment of head and neck @entity6461 cells does increase binding of both LAK cells and PBM cells to @entity5 cells, in part via the @entity1453 ligand mechanism. The cytotoxic effect mediated by LAK cells against head and neck @entity6461 cells is reduced after rHuIFN-gamma treatment, suggesting that the activity of this cytokine may be more important in regulating antigen-specific cytotoxic response mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

title: @entity379 enhances lymphokine-activated killer cell adhesion but not lysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity73179 :: ('3683;3383', 'Gene') :: ['lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (rHuIFN-gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity379 ) increases the adhesion to, and lysis of, @entity213 ( @entity6461 ) cells by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) and peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) effector cells in vitro and to evaluate the role of cell surface adhesion molecules in these processes. DESIGN: Two @entity1 @entity6461 cell lines, JHU-020- @entity6461 and JHU-022- @entity6461 , were used. Lymphokine-activated killer cells were generated by @entity1199 stimulation of PBM cells obtained from the hemapheresis blood donor packs of healthy individuals. Adhesion assays were performed to assess the level of binding of both effector populations to @entity6461 cells, which were treated with either fresh media or rHuIFN-gamma (100 U/mL). Binding was measured by flow cytometric detection of effector cells labeled with @entity941 -conjugated anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibodies to the cell adhesion molecules HLA-DR, @entity73179 were used in blocking experiments to determine their contribution to the process of effector- @entity6461 cell adhesion. @entity137 experiments were performed using a colorimetric assay to determine the cytotoxic response generated by LAK and PBM cells against @entity6461 cells, with and without prior rHuIFN-gamma treatment of the @entity5 cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effector cell binding level and percent @entity137 of @entity6461 cells. RESULTS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity379 treatment of JHU-020- @entity6461 cells resulted in increased adhesion to both LAK cells and PBM cells (P < .001). The presence of anti- @entity1453 antibody resulted in elimination of the enhanced adhesion seen with rHuIFN-gamma pretreatment of @entity6461 cells (P =.03), but antibody to @entity2071 and HLA-DR did not reduce the level of effector binding. The greatest cytotoxic response against both @entity6461 and JHU-022- @entity6461 was seen with LAK cells (P < or = .001). Pretreatment of @entity5 targets by rHuIFN-gamma (100 U/mL) resulted in no enhancement of cytotoxic response by either LAK or PBM cells; at the effector-target ratio of 30:1, there was a significant decrease in LAK cell-mediated cytotoxic response against rHuIFN-gamma-treated @entity6461 cells (P < or = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Recombinant @entity1 @entity379 treatment of head and neck @entity6461 cells does increase binding of both LAK cells and PBM cells to @entity5 cells, in part via the @entity1453 ligand mechanism. The cytotoxic effect mediated by LAK cells against head and neck @entity6461 cells is reduced after rHuIFN-gamma treatment, suggesting that the activity of this cytokine may be more important in regulating antigen-specific cytotoxic response mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

title: XXXX enhances lymphokine-activated killer cell adhesion but not lysis of @entity213 .

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon gamma']


abstract: @entity1375 (induced by 8 weeks of oral 0.05% @entity5652 ) heightened the phenotype of mdx @entity19 dystrophin-deficient @entity121 to more closely resemble @entity1 @entity1555 . Muscle repair after crush injury to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in @entity1375 mdx @entity19 showed decreased myotube formation and delayed debris removal. To investigate whether reduced muscle precursor cell proliferation can account for the effects of @entity1375 on repair from injury, immunocytochemistry for @entity4497 ( @entity4497 ) on muscle precursor cells and autoradiography to detect DNA synthesis were performed in control and mdx TA. The proportions of labelled @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), and total mononuclear cell nuclei (TLN, the majority being muscle precursors) were counted in defined areas of regenerating TA after 2 and 4 days recovery. @entity6415 and the numbers of activated satellite cell nuclei on intact fibers were counted in surviving areas. In the same muscle, earlier phases of regeneration were observed in areas distal than proximal to the injury. At 2 days of regeneration, labelled @entity6415 were increased in treated compared with untreated mdx TA. In distal areas at 4 days, fewer muscle precursors had recently fused to myotubes in treated than in untreated mdx. In proximal areas 4 days (relatively late in repair), TLN data suggested that muscle precursor proliferation was greater in @entity1375 compared with untreated mdx TA. @entity4497 immunostaining was consistent with proliferation data and confirmed that there were more muscle precursors in mdx than in control regenerating muscle. These results suggest that @entity1375 prolongs and increases the phase of replication by mdx muscle precursors and delays precursor fusion into myotubes in regeneration.

title: @entity1375 prolongs and increases mdx muscle precursor proliferation and delays myotube formation in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear leukocyte nuclei', 'PMN', 'myotube nuclei', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity4497 :: ('17967(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['NCAM', 'neural cell adhesion molecule']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['dystrophic limb muscle']


abstract: @entity1375 (induced by 8 weeks of oral 0.05% @entity5652 ) heightened the phenotype of mdx @entity19 dystrophin-deficient @entity121 to more closely resemble @entity1 @entity1555 . Muscle repair after crush injury to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in @entity1375 mdx @entity19 showed decreased myotube formation and delayed debris removal. To investigate whether reduced muscle precursor cell proliferation can account for the effects of @entity1375 on repair from injury, immunocytochemistry for @entity4497 ( @entity4497 ) on muscle precursor cells and autoradiography to detect DNA synthesis were performed in control and mdx TA. The proportions of labelled @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), and total mononuclear cell nuclei (TLN, the majority being muscle precursors) were counted in defined areas of regenerating TA after 2 and 4 days recovery. @entity6415 and the numbers of activated satellite cell nuclei on intact fibers were counted in surviving areas. In the same muscle, earlier phases of regeneration were observed in areas distal than proximal to the injury. At 2 days of regeneration, labelled @entity6415 were increased in treated compared with untreated mdx TA. In distal areas at 4 days, fewer muscle precursors had recently fused to myotubes in treated than in untreated mdx. In proximal areas 4 days (relatively late in repair), TLN data suggested that muscle precursor proliferation was greater in @entity1375 compared with untreated mdx TA. @entity4497 immunostaining was consistent with proliferation data and confirmed that there were more muscle precursors in mdx than in control regenerating muscle. These results suggest that @entity1375 prolongs and increases the phase of replication by mdx muscle precursors and delays precursor fusion into myotubes in regeneration.

title: XXXX prolongs and increases mdx muscle precursor proliferation and delays myotube formation in normal and @entity121 .

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: Surgical specimens from 62 @entity1 with @entity6068 and @entity2735 were morphologically investigated. Lesions were classified according to WHO (mild, moderate, severe @entity1141 and @entity2735 ) and according to Toki et al. (1991) (warty, basaloid, combined warty/basaloid or basaloid/warty types or mixed (warty, basaloid and simple) forms). Following the WHO classification, moderate @entity1141 was shown in 4 cases, severe @entity1141 in 47 and @entity2735 in 11 cases. Pure warty type was shown in 2 cases (both biopsy specimens). One case revealed @entity1538 whereas no case of pure basaloid type was found. Various combinations of warty and basaloid types were shown in 52 cases and mixed forms in 7 cases. The results indicate that pure forms of warty and basaloid types probably do not exist. HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 51/58 cases (88%) (45 with @entity9273 and 6 with HPV type 33) evenly distributed in all age groups and in all types of lesions (WHO and Toki et al. 1991). By ISH HPV was detected in 24/62 cases (39%) (21 with @entity9273 /18 and 3 with HPV type 31/33), nearly always in warty areas. All these cases were positive for the same virus type by PCR. No case revealed more than one type of HPV. HPV type 6, 11, 18, and 31 were not detected by PCR. The results indicate a correlation between @entity9273 and 33 and @entity1141 / @entity2735 in the vulva.

title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) in XXXX and @entity2735 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['pure simple dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity6068 :: (MESH:D014845,Disease) :: ['vulvar dysplasia']


abstract: Surgical specimens from 62 @entity1 with @entity6068 and @entity2735 were morphologically investigated. Lesions were classified according to WHO (mild, moderate, severe @entity1141 and @entity2735 ) and according to Toki et al. (1991) (warty, basaloid, combined warty/basaloid or basaloid/warty types or mixed (warty, basaloid and simple) forms). Following the WHO classification, moderate @entity1141 was shown in 4 cases, severe @entity1141 in 47 and @entity2735 in 11 cases. Pure warty type was shown in 2 cases (both biopsy specimens). One case revealed @entity1538 whereas no case of pure basaloid type was found. Various combinations of warty and basaloid types were shown in 52 cases and mixed forms in 7 cases. The results indicate that pure forms of warty and basaloid types probably do not exist. HPV DNA was detected by PCR in 51/58 cases (88%) (45 with @entity9273 and 6 with HPV type 33) evenly distributed in all age groups and in all types of lesions (WHO and Toki et al. 1991). By ISH HPV was detected in 24/62 cases (39%) (21 with @entity9273 /18 and 3 with HPV type 31/33), nearly always in warty areas. All these cases were positive for the same virus type by PCR. No case revealed more than one type of HPV. HPV type 6, 11, 18, and 31 were not detected by PCR. The results indicate a correlation between @entity9273 and 33 and @entity1141 / @entity2735 in the vulva.

title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) in @entity6068 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: @entity3524 has a good meningeal diffusion and is effective at low concentrations on many bacteria, especially ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae and @entity6932 . We have therefore used @entity3524 (150 mg/kg/24 h, continuous infusions lasting 30 minutes q. 6 h.) in @entity693 due to gram negative bacilli. Twenty eight @entity1 and @entity1 have been treated within 4 years. The 13 @entity6932 (including 2 beta-lactamase producers) have been cured without immediate sequelae. The duration of treatment could be reduced from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The 7 @entity1 with Enterobacteria @entity693 (6 @entity526 and 1 Serratia) have been cured of their infection with a 21 to 28 days treatment. The C.S.F. was sterile 2-3 days after treatment except a case of @entity526 persisting during 7 days in C.S.F. contrasting with a normal ventricular fluid. A case of relapse with @entity526 remaining sensitive was cured with a new course of the same treatment. Five @entity693 complicated with @entity1276 needed external drainage: the fluid was sterile 1 day after treatment in 4 of them. Two superinfections of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to Enterobacteriaceae have been cured. To obtain a good result, the need for a careful drug monitoring must be emphasized.

title: [Treatment of @entity693 in the @entity1 using XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae meningitis', 'Hemophilus influenzae']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['Cefotaxime']


abstract: @entity3524 has a good meningeal diffusion and is effective at low concentrations on many bacteria, especially ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae and @entity6932 . We have therefore used @entity3524 (150 mg/kg/24 h, continuous infusions lasting 30 minutes q. 6 h.) in @entity693 due to gram negative bacilli. Twenty eight @entity1 and @entity1 have been treated within 4 years. The 13 @entity6932 (including 2 beta-lactamase producers) have been cured without immediate sequelae. The duration of treatment could be reduced from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The 7 @entity1 with Enterobacteria @entity693 (6 @entity526 and 1 Serratia) have been cured of their infection with a 21 to 28 days treatment. The C.S.F. was sterile 2-3 days after treatment except a case of @entity526 persisting during 7 days in C.S.F. contrasting with a normal ventricular fluid. A case of relapse with @entity526 remaining sensitive was cured with a new course of the same treatment. Five @entity693 complicated with @entity1276 needed external drainage: the fluid was sterile 1 day after treatment in 4 of them. Two superinfections of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to Enterobacteriaceae have been cured. To obtain a good result, the need for a careful drug monitoring must be emphasized.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in the @entity1 using @entity3524 ].

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['purulent meningitis']


abstract: @entity3524 has a good meningeal diffusion and is effective at low concentrations on many bacteria, especially ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae and @entity6932 . We have therefore used @entity3524 (150 mg/kg/24 h, continuous infusions lasting 30 minutes q. 6 h.) in @entity693 due to gram negative bacilli. Twenty eight @entity1 and @entity1 have been treated within 4 years. The 13 @entity6932 (including 2 beta-lactamase producers) have been cured without immediate sequelae. The duration of treatment could be reduced from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. The 7 @entity1 with Enterobacteria @entity693 (6 @entity526 and 1 Serratia) have been cured of their infection with a 21 to 28 days treatment. The C.S.F. was sterile 2-3 days after treatment except a case of @entity526 persisting during 7 days in C.S.F. contrasting with a normal ventricular fluid. A case of relapse with @entity526 remaining sensitive was cured with a new course of the same treatment. Five @entity693 complicated with @entity1276 needed external drainage: the fluid was sterile 1 day after treatment in 4 of them. Two superinfections of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt due to Enterobacteriaceae have been cured. To obtain a good result, the need for a careful drug monitoring must be emphasized.

title: [Treatment of @entity693 in the XXXX using @entity3524 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: The @entity56197 DNA packaging system in vitro defined here is composed of purified proheads and two non-capsid proteins, the products of genes 18 and 19 (gp18 and gp19). In this system, a precursor complex (50 S complex) accumulates in the presence of @entity12865 ( @entity855 -gamma-S), a non-hydrolyzable analog of @entity855 . The 50 S complex is converted to a filled head in the presence of @entity855 . The conversion of the 50 S complex, formed by preincubation with @entity855 -gamma-S, to the mature head proceeds in a synchronous manner after the addition of @entity855 . The lag time for formation of mature heads from the 50 S complex is 1.8, 4.5 and 6.8 minutes at 30, 25 and 20 degrees C, respectively. DNA is translocated into the capsid at a constant rate of 5.7 x 10(3) base-pairs per minute at 20 degrees C. The conversion of the 50 S complex to the mature head exhibits a sigmoidal relationship with respect to the concentration of @entity855 , the concentration for half-maximal activity being about 20 microM. The transition of the prohead to the expanded capsid occurs at 20 degrees C at one minute 40 seconds after the initiation of DNA translocation, when one-fourth of the genome has been packaged into a prohead. At the same time, the capsid-DNA complex becomes stable to high concentrations of salt. When DNA translocation is interrupted by the addition of @entity855 -gamma-S, packaged DNA exists at 0 degrees C as well as at 20 degrees C but the exit of DNA stops after one-third of the genome is inside the capsid. After exit, DNA is retranslocated into the expanded capsid by the addition of @entity855 at a rate of about 5.7 x 10(3) base-pairs per minute at 20 degrees C. The decrease in concentration of @entity855 interrupts DNA translocation into the capsid but does not induce DNA exit. Interrupted DNA translocation may be reinitiated by the addition of @entity855 . DNA exit is not induced by the addition of @entity855 -gamma-S to mature heads or partially filled heads pretreated with DNase.

title: Characterization of the XXXX DNA packaging reaction in vitro in a defined system.

entities_list: @entity56197 :: ('10759', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage T3']

entities_list: @entity12865 :: ('MESH:C022571', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-O-(3'-thiotriphosphate)"]

answer: @entity56197 :: (10759,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T3']


abstract: A series of investigations was performed in which @entity12751 rested quietly for 40-min and performed aerobic exercise on separate occasions. Blood pressure (BP) and state @entity148 were assessed prior to and following the conditions. In the first experiment, 15 normotensive @entity12751 were assessed during the 3-h following the treatments. The results revealed that state @entity148 and BP were reduced following both conditions. The exercise-induced @entity551 remained significant for 2 to 3 h (P less than 0.05), whereas the @entity551 returned to baseline within 20-min following cessation of quiet rest. The second experiment involved an evaluation of the effects of exercise and quiet rest on 15 pharmacologically controlled hypertensive @entity12751 . A significant @entity551 (P less than 0.05) was observed following exercise and quiet rest. State @entity148 was reduced following quiet rest and exercise (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that exercise and quiet rest have similar effects on state @entity148 , and both conditions are followed by a transitory reduction in blood pressure. These anti- @entity148 effects, however, are sustained for a longer period following exercise.

title: Influence of exercise and quiet rest on state XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systolic BP', 'BP reductions']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['anxiety and blood pressure']


abstract: A clinical trial for @entity1 with measurable, disseminated @entity14 is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) affects response to protracted-infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of @entity1382 increases when clinical resistance is found after response to @entity1487 . Polymerase chain reaction technology is employed to determine @entity1382 expression. Using @entity217 as an internal standard, @entity1382 expressions for 26 @entity1 range from 0.5 x 10(-3) to 22.6 x 10(-3). Currently, 22 @entity1 are evaluable for response and @entity1382 quantitation of their measurable @entity5 . 8 @entity1 (36%) have had partial responses; 3 responding @entity1 had been previously treated with @entity1487 . A strong statistical association between @entity1382 expression and resistance to therapy has been found (P = 0.004). No @entity1 with @entity1382 expression of 4.0 x 10(-3) or greater has responded. On average, @entity1 previously treated with @entity1487 have slightly higher levels of @entity1382 expression in their measurable @entity5 (P = 0.4). Whether responding @entity1 will develop increased expressions of @entity5 remains to be determined. Confirmation of these results in a larger cohort could lead to a scientific rationale for deciding upon specific therapy for @entity1 with disseminated @entity14 .

title: Quantitation of intratumoral XXXX expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of @entity1487 and weekly leucovorin in disseminated @entity14 : preliminary report from an ongoing trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'TS upon clinical progression of their cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1382 :: (MESH:D020159,Disease) :: ['thymidylate synthase']


abstract: A clinical trial for @entity1 with measurable, disseminated @entity14 is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) affects response to protracted-infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of @entity1382 increases when clinical resistance is found after response to @entity1487 . Polymerase chain reaction technology is employed to determine @entity1382 expression. Using @entity217 as an internal standard, @entity1382 expressions for 26 @entity1 range from 0.5 x 10(-3) to 22.6 x 10(-3). Currently, 22 @entity1 are evaluable for response and @entity1382 quantitation of their measurable @entity5 . 8 @entity1 (36%) have had partial responses; 3 responding @entity1 had been previously treated with @entity1487 . A strong statistical association between @entity1382 expression and resistance to therapy has been found (P = 0.004). No @entity1 with @entity1382 expression of 4.0 x 10(-3) or greater has responded. On average, @entity1 previously treated with @entity1487 have slightly higher levels of @entity1382 expression in their measurable @entity5 (P = 0.4). Whether responding @entity1 will develop increased expressions of @entity5 remains to be determined. Confirmation of these results in a larger cohort could lead to a scientific rationale for deciding upon specific therapy for @entity1 with disseminated @entity14 .

title: Quantitation of intratumoral @entity1382 expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of @entity1487 and weekly leucovorin in disseminated XXXX : preliminary report from an ongoing trial.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: A clinical trial for @entity1 with measurable, disseminated @entity14 is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) affects response to protracted-infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of @entity1382 increases when clinical resistance is found after response to @entity1487 . Polymerase chain reaction technology is employed to determine @entity1382 expression. Using @entity217 as an internal standard, @entity1382 expressions for 26 @entity1 range from 0.5 x 10(-3) to 22.6 x 10(-3). Currently, 22 @entity1 are evaluable for response and @entity1382 quantitation of their measurable @entity5 . 8 @entity1 (36%) have had partial responses; 3 responding @entity1 had been previously treated with @entity1487 . A strong statistical association between @entity1382 expression and resistance to therapy has been found (P = 0.004). No @entity1 with @entity1382 expression of 4.0 x 10(-3) or greater has responded. On average, @entity1 previously treated with @entity1487 have slightly higher levels of @entity1382 expression in their measurable @entity5 (P = 0.4). Whether responding @entity1 will develop increased expressions of @entity5 remains to be determined. Confirmation of these results in a larger cohort could lead to a scientific rationale for deciding upon specific therapy for @entity1 with disseminated @entity14 .

title: Quantitation of intratumoral @entity1382 expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of XXXX and weekly leucovorin in disseminated @entity14 : preliminary report from an ongoing trial.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: In September 1985, an outbreak of @entity526 O157:H7 @entity1681 affected 55 of 169 residents and 18 of 137 staff members at a nursing home. The outbreak was characterized by two phases: a primary wave whose source was probably a contaminated sandwich meal and a secondary wave compatible with @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission of @entity281 . Among the elderly residents, the incubation period was 4 to 9 days (mean, 5.7 +/- 1.2). Older age and previous gastrectomy increased the risk of acquiring the @entity281 (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Antibiotic therapy during exposure was associated with acquiring a secondary @entity281 (P = 0.001). @entity1381 developed in 12 affected residents (22 percent), 11 of whom died. Overall, 19 (35 percent) of the affected residents died, 17 (31 percent) from causes attributable to their @entity281 . Antibiotic therapy after the onset of symptoms was associated with a higher case fatality rate in the more severe cases, possibly because @entity1 with more severe disease tended to be treated with antibiotics. There were no complications or @entity204 among the affected members of the staff. Evidence of @entity281 by verotoxin-producing @entity526 O157:H7 was detected in 30 of 70 cases on the basis of isolation of this organism or demonstration of free @entity6846 in stools. All isolates belonged to the same phage type. The high morbidity and mortality associated with this condition emphasize the need for proper food hygiene, rapid identification of outbreaks of disease, and prompt institution of @entity281 -control techniques among the institutionalized elderly.

title: A severe outbreak of XXXX O157:H7--associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6846 :: ('MESH:D022603', 'Chemical') :: ['verotoxin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the genetic contribution to the aetiology of @entity1723 . DESIGN: Historical cohort study of twins, with information on @entity6 being gathered by questionnaire, verification of the diagnosis by the subject's diabetologist or general practitioner, and clinical examination in available twins. SETTING: Danish twin register and @entity6 clinics and general practices throughout Denmark. SUBJECTS: 20,888 twin pairs born during 1953-82, included in a population based nationwide register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude and cumulative concordance rates and heritability in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. RESULTS: The crude probandwise concordance rate was 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.73) for monozygotic twin pairs and 0.11 (0.05 to 0.21) for dizygotic twin pairs. When adjusted for age at onset of @entity6 and age at last observation among unaffected twin partners the cumulative proband-wise risk from birth to age 35 was estimated as 0.70 (0.45 to 0.95) for monozygotic twins and 0.13 (0.05 to 0.20) for dizygotic twins. The correlations of liability for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were estimated as 0.96 (SE 0.09) and 0.58 (0.07), with a heritability estimate of 0.72 (0.21). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of insulin dependent @entity6 in monozygotic twins is higher than previously thought and for dizygotic twins is higher than in ordinary first degree relatives. Based on the findings of this study the genetic component to the disease seems more important than hitherto believed.

title: Concordance rates of XXXX : a population based study of young Danish twins.

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']