abstract: Diagnosis of @entity1 @entity150 in untreated tissue sections is achieved by using imaging data from desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( @entity22172 -MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. We use the distinctive @entity22172 -MS glycerophospholipid (GP) mass spectral profiles to visually characterize and formally classify twenty pairs (40 tissue samples) of @entity1 @entity5 and adjacent normal bladder tissue samples. The individual ion images derived from the acquired profiles correlate with standard histological @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E)-stained serial sections. The profiles allow us to classify the disease status of the tissue samples with high accuracy as judged by reference histological data. To achieve this, the data from the twenty pairs were divided into a training set and a validation set. Spectra from the @entity5 and normal regions of each of the tissue sections in the training set were used for orthogonal projection to latent structures (O-PLS) treated partial least-square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). This predictive model was then validated by using the validation set and showed a 5% error rate for classification and a misclassification rate of 12%. It was also used to create synthetic images of the tissue sections showing pixel-by-pixel disease classification of the tissue and these data agreed well with the independent classification that uses histological data by a certified pathologist. This represents the first application of multivariate statistical methods for classification by ambient ionization although these methods have been applied previously to other MS imaging methods. The results are encouraging in terms of the development of a method that could be utilized in a clinical setting through visualization and diagnosis of intact tissue.

title: Multivariate statistical identification of XXXX @entity150 using ambient ionization imaging mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Five Persian Jews were detected with the @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ). Primary @entity261 and @entity6126 were present in each, @entity1887 in two, and @entity1723 and @entity1375 in single subjects. The percentage of T and B cells, and the mononuclear cell response to phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A were normal in all five. IgG and IgA levels and the @entity19 +/ @entity19 + cell ratio were low in one subject. Antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies were present in one subject. HLA-DR5 was present in 4/4, HLA-24 and @entity10975 ( @entity10975 ) in 3/4 subjects. A single case of @entity27935 ( @entity27935 ) was detected among 12 first degree relatives. HLA antigens B8, @entity19989 , were absent in all of these subjects. Seven non-Iranian Jews with @entity27935 were also examined. HLA A26 or A25 were present in all seven. Persian Jews appear to have a unique variant of @entity12010 .

title: The XXXX : a new variant in Persian Jews.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['latent hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity27935 :: ('MESH:C537156', 'Disease') :: ['IHP', 'isolated hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'polyglandular deficiency syndrome']

answer: @entity12010 :: (MESH:D016884,Disease) :: ['polyglandular deficiency syndrome']


abstract: The objective was to create a method/model that works in practical clinical treatment for health care personnel as well as for the @entity1 , to educate and supervise health care staff according to this model and to initiate long-term treatment of @entity28 @entity1 in a health care setting. The hypothesis was that it is possible to successfully initiate behavior-modified treatment in the form of a structured treatment program as a method and a tool adapted to use in health care. The aim of this article is to describe an extensive structural cognitive behavioral treatment program for @entity1 . The treatment program is documented in a handbook for supervisors and a self-monitoring book for @entity1 . This handbook is used in the education of the health care personnel and supports the supervisor in the clinical work with the @entity1 . The main purpose of all individual or group treatment is to bring about reduction of body weight or weight control. To obtain weight control through lifestyle changes a balance has to be found between eating behavior, physical activity and body weight control. To reach this kind of balance it is important to have treatment programs where the aim and goals are clearly declared. The structure and the content of the program shall motivate and create interest for changes in the overweight @entity1 's behavior. This treatment program includes a schematic survey and an example of a structured treatment program. Over the last few years, 850 nurses, dietitians and other health care personnel have been educated, representing 400 primary health care centers and hospitals within Sweden. Overall these @entity1 find their education and supervision meaningful and valuable.

title: Practical clinical behavioral treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the maternal and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by @entity6331 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in the cardio-obstetric clinic of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (India) over a period of 13 years (1987-1999) involving 486 pregnant @entity1 with @entity6331 . Maternal and perinatal outcome was reviewed. RESULTS: Three hundred and four @entity1 (63.3%) had single valve involvement and @entity4794 was the most predominant lesion (89.2%). One hundred and seventy one (38.6%) @entity1 had undergone surgical correction prior to the onset of pregnancy. One hundred and thirteen @entity1 (22.6%) were identified as NYHA class III-IV. Mitral valvotomy was performed during pregnancy in 48 @entity1 . The incidence of @entity600 and small for gestational age newborns was 12% and 18.2%, respectively. There were 10 maternal deaths, of which eight @entity1 were NYHA III and IV. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6331 in pregnancy is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity in NYHA class III-IV @entity1 .

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic heart disease', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of specific growth factors and growth hormone (GH) in the culture medium on in vitro embryo production and post-thaw survival of vitrified blastocysts. In total, 1673 @entity291 oocytes were used for evaluating the nuclear status of the oocytes after in vitro maturation (n=560) or for @entity52 ( @entity52 , n=1113) and distributed in five treatment groups: (1). medium only control; (2). activin (10 ng/ml); (3). epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml); (4). insulin 5 microg/ml and (5). GH (100 ng/ml). There was an increase (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) in the percentage of oocytes that reached meta phase II, developed to blastocysts and hatched, as well as in the blastocyst cell number in the groups treated with activin, EGF and GH compared to controls. There was no significant difference between insulin and control groups. A total of 465 blastocysts were vitrified in a three-step protocol using @entity10977 and @entity4280 . After thawing, embryos were cultured in five treatments groups as described above. Groups EGF and GH had higher (P<0.05) survival rates with a mean blastocyst survival of 95.0+/-1.5 and 93.1+/-3.5%, respectively, while mean hatching rate was higher for EGF and activin groups (75.3+/-3.4 and 62.0+/-3.2%, respectively). Thawed control blastocysts had a mean cell count of 52.7+/-3.3%. With the exception of insulin, all growth factors and GH tested showed higher (P<0.01) total cell numbers when compared to controls. In conclusion, addition of growth factors and GH in the culture media has favorable effects on in vitro maturation, in vitro embryo production, and post-thaw survival of vitrified blastocysts.

title: Growth factors and growth hormone enhance in vitro embryo production and post-thaw survival of vitrified XXXX blastocysts.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The antibody response of C57B1/6 @entity19 to @entity742 erythrocytes (SRBCs), a macrophage and T-cell-dependent antigen, is highly sensitive to suppression by @entity47197 (HpCDD), a major immunotoxic contaminant of @entity211 . The present studies have used several in vivo approaches to characterize the humoral immune suppression produced by an acute oral exposure to HpCDD and to assess the potential cellular defects responsible for the suppression. Administration of HpCDD at various times prior to or following antigen challenge indicated that HpCDD induced rapid yet prolonged suppression of the antibody response. Timing studies also suggested that initial processing of antigen by the macrophage and antibody production by the mature plasma cell were resistant to HpCDD. The demonstration that antibody responses could not be improved by either increasing or decreasing the antigen dose indicated that the effects of HpCDD were not related to the level of antigenic stimulation per se. In addition, there was no evidence for a shift in the kinetics of the antibody response of HpCDD-treated @entity19 at any antigen dose that might have reflected a delay in the development of the response. The dose-response effects of HpCDD on antibody responses to T-helper-cell-dependent (SRBC) and T-helper-cell-independent type 1 (TNP-LPS) and type 2 (DNP-Ficoll) antigens indicated that sensitivity to HpCDD-induced suppression directly correlated with the sensitivity of the response to T-cell regulation. Nonspecific activation of T-amplifier cells with concanavalin A was capable of reconstituting the depressed antibody response of @entity19 treated with 100 micrograms/kg HpCDD but not of @entity19 treated with 500 micrograms/kg HpCDD, further suggesting that regulatory T cells are most sensitive to HpCDD. Definitive evidence for the role of regulatory T cells in mediating HpCDD-induced suppression of the antibody response was obtained in studies using congenitally T-cell-deficient nude (nu/nu) mice. The antibody response to DNP-Ficoll was was assayed since the anti-DNP response proceeds in the absence of T-helper cells in nu/nu @entity19 yet the response can be modulated by changes in the activity of T-amplifier and T-suppressor cells present in nu/+ @entity19 . Results of these studies showed that nu/nu @entity19 were significantly more resistant to the immunosuppressive effects of HpCDD as compared with their nu/+ littermates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mechanisms of XXXX (HpCDD)-induced humoral immune suppression: evidence of primary defect in T-cell regulation.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity47197 :: ('MESH:C046839', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

answer: @entity47197 :: (MESH:C046839,Chemical) :: ['1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']


abstract: Fifty-eight @entity1 with spinal cord cavities were studied with MR imaging. @entity1 were separated into four groups, and the appearance of the cavities were compared. There were 24 @entity1 (41.4%) with communicating @entity1644 (associated with the @entity1645 ). Sixteen @entity1 (27.6%) had posttraumatic @entity1644 , nine @entity1 (15.5%) had associated @entity5 , and nine @entity1 (15.5%) had idiopathic @entity1644 . The characteristics of each syrinx, the spinal cord, and the appearance of the cerebellar tonsils were analyzed on T2- and T1-weighted images. There is a striking similarity in the appearance of many syrinx cavities regardless of the cause. Characteristics that were found in some @entity1 in every group included areas of increased intensity on T2-weighted images, the presence of the CSF flow-void sign (CFVS) in the syrinx cavity, eccentric cavities, "beaded" cavities, and @entity602 . @entity5326 alone does not indicate that a syrinx is of the "communicating" type, since it was present in two of 16 @entity1 (13%) with @entity130 and in two of five @entity1 (40%) with @entity5 . T1-weighted images were most useful in evaluating the anatomic characteristics of the syrinx and the cerebellar tonsils. Most syrinx cavities involved the cervicothoracic junction. The average length was between five and nine vertebral segments (depending on category) but varied between one and 20 vertebral segments. T2-weighted images revealed areas of increased intensity in the spinal cord in 13 @entity1 without @entity5 . Two of these cases were shown to represent @entity5219 on histopathologic review. The CFVS was present in the syrinx cavities of 23 @entity1 (40%), probably reflecting pulsatile movements of the syrinx fluid. It has been proposed that such movements are a cause of syrinx propagation, and the observation of the CFVS may have prognostic significance. The development and progression of the CFVS was documented in serial MR examinations in one @entity1 over an 18-month period. The theories of syrinx development and propagation are reviewed.

title: The MR appearance of XXXX : new observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord enlargement']

entities_list: @entity5326 :: ('MESH:D014067', 'Disease') :: ['Tonsillar ectopia']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some excess morbidity and mortality in Alzheimer caregivers (CGs) may be related to chronic activation of the sympatho-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system. Authors tested the efficacy of an in-home respite intervention to reduce peripheral markers of SAM activation and @entity458 in spousal caregivers of @entity1 with @entity195 . METHODS: Caregivers were classified as Vulnerable (n = 27) or Non-Vulnerable (n = 28). Vulnerable CGs were those with a severe mismatch between caregiving demand and help received in the preceding 6 months. CGs had plasma @entity2922 levels sampled at rest and in response to a stressor (speech task) before and 1 month after a 2-week in-home respite intervention. Self-reported symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 were also obtained. RESULTS: ANOVA revealed a group x treatment interaction: At the 1-month follow-up, plasma @entity1425 declined significantly in the vulnerable caregivers who received respite, but rose in those who were wait-listed. No effect was found for @entity1063 , heart rate, blood pressure, or @entity1109 . CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that an in-home respite program may reduce SAM activation independent of @entity1109 . To the extent that sympathetic activation mediates pathophysiological events, these results suggest an approach that may reduce morbidity and mortality in certain caregivers.

title: In-home respite intervention reduces plasma XXXX in stressed Alzheimer caregivers.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: Stage IV @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) denotes the presence of @entity3 and is largely incurable using present-day therapies. Chemotherapy remains a therapeutic option in this @entity1 population, and there are many pertinent issues surrounding its use in @entity1 with stage IV @entity1149 . Eleven questions were framed by the American College of Chest Physicians @entity2 Guidelines Committee, and these were addressed by a systematic search of the available literature. The issues addressed included the identification of prognostic factors in selecting @entity1 for chemotherapy and a critical analysis of the survival benefit provided by chemotherapy. Given the development of several new chemotherapy agents over the past decade, the impact that these agents have made was addressed as well as the definition of a standard of care regarding chemotherapeutic regimens. Given the fact that chemotherapy does not represent a curative option, other issues addressed were the optimal duration of treatment as well as its impact on symptom relief and quality of life, the role of second-line therapy, and the outcomes expectations from both first-line and second-line chemotherapy. The question of what specialty delivered the chemotherapy also was addressed. Once the data were identified, a critical analysis was undertaken attempting to objectively portray the data in support of answers for each of the questions posed. We believe the data support the fact that properly selected @entity1 benefit from chemotherapy with regard to survival and palliation in both first-line and second-line settings. It appears that in trials addressing the duration of first-line therapy, this survival and palliative benefit occurs early, and prolonged therapy is not indicated. Therapy in this setting is cost-effective, and there are several regimens that can be considered to be "standard-of-care" options. Physicians involved in the diagnosis of these @entity1 should be aware of the potential benefits of chemotherapy, allowing them to give recommendations to @entity1 that are based on data derived from clinical trials. In addition, this awareness will allow them to make referrals, when appropriate, to physicians who are trained in the administration of chemotherapy and the management of @entity1 undergoing such therapy.

title: Chemotherapeutic management of stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung Cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: This study reports data from 412 @entity1 prospectively studied over a 1-year period from five collaborating centers: one group had modified radical mastectomy for Stages I and II @entity0 , 145; cholecystectomy for @entity1085 , 90; biopsy for @entity1558 , 87; and healthy @entity1 , 90. All were between the ages of 30 and 70 years, without pre-existing @entity146 and @entity2048 of current @entity221 . All @entity1 were seen initially within 3 months of surgery. Data were analyzed from structured interviews, speech samples, and questionnaire responses which measured presence and degree of @entity1109 , mood, physical complaints, self-esteem, and quality of interpersonal relationships. Principal components analysis was used to generate seven identifiable factors which were analyzed by MANOVA (multiple analysis of variance). @entity1 with @entity0 showed @entity458 related to social and interpersonal relationships. More distress was seen in @entity1 with @entity34 , and they also had more negative attitudes toward self and the future, concern with physical symptoms, @entity148 , strain, and interpersonal difficulties. They did not, however, show any greater signs of @entity1109 severe enough to warrant @entity146 intervention than the other groups over the year following surgery. The findings suggest that healthy @entity1 without prior @entity146 or concurrent @entity221 experienced some @entity954 , primarily in psychosocial functioning which was more than that in @entity1 after cholecystectomy or biopsy, but severe @entity1109 over the year following surgery were conspicuously absent. These data do not support the belief that severe @entity146 sequelae follow a mastectomy in psychologically healthy @entity1 .

title: Psychological response to mastectomy. A prospective comparison study. Psychological aspects of XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['greater psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical distress']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stapled restorative proctocolectomy (SRP) for @entity31 retains a 'cuff' of columnar epithelium, which carries a risk of undergoing malignant change. The risk of @entity5 was studied in a series of @entity1 who underwent SRP for @entity31 . METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five @entity1 who underwent SRP for @entity31 between 1988 and 1998 were followed up by cuff surveillance biopsy. The median follow-up was 56 (range 12-145) months and the median time since diagnosis of @entity31 was 8.8 (range 2-32) years. RESULTS: The cuff biopsies showed no @entity1141 or @entity189 . The accuracy of obtaining cuff mucosa in the biopsy was 65 per cent. @entity32 was present in 94 per cent of cuff biopsies. CONCLUSION: This study shows no evidence of either @entity1141 or @entity189 in the columnar cuff mucosa, up to 12 years after pouch formation. This suggests that cuff surveillance in the first decade after SRP, in the absence of @entity1141 or @entity189 in the original colectomy specimen, may be unnecessary. Regular cuff surveillance biopsies after SRP should continue for @entity1 with high-grade @entity1141 or @entity189 in the original resection specimen.

title: Risk of XXXX in the columnar cuff after stapled restorative proctocolectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: Major histocompatibility antigens were identified in frozen sections of normal Lewis @entity35 peripheral nerve tissue with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex system. Class I antigen is normally required for cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte function and class II antigen for activation of helper T lymphocytes. In the sciatic nerves class I antigen was expressed diffusely by most endoneurial and perineurial cells but class II antigen only by a minority. In the cauda equina class I antigen was expressed by all @entity2443 and some endoneurial cells, while class II antigen was expressed by a smaller proportion of @entity2443 cells in the endoneurium of spinal roots and interstitial cells surrounding dorsal root ganglion neurons. The endothelium of endoneurial, perineurial and meningeal vessels uniformly expressed class I but not class II antigen. @entity56 was induced in Lewis @entity35 by immunisation with @entity291 intradural root myelin. Early lesions consisted of multifocal infiltration of the nerve roots by cells expressing @entity1008 . Surrounding endoneurial cells showed markedly increased expression of major histocompatibility antigens. In inflammatory lesions about 10% of the cells were stained with pan T cell antibodies. T lymphocyte subsets were identified with antibody @entity11264 for helper cells and MRC OX-8 for cytotoxic/suppressor cells. The @entity11264 positive cells were usually slightly in excess of OX-8 positive cells and their relative proportions did not alter during the disease. The presence of class I antigen on normal endothelium and its increased expression on endoneurial cells in the early phase of @entity32 suggest an important role for class I restricted lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the early stages of @entity56 .

title: Major histocompatibility antigens and lymphocyte subsets during XXXX in the Lewis @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1008 :: ('24699(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['leucocyte common antigen']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental allergic neuritis', 'experimental allergic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['experimental allergic neuritis']


abstract: Major histocompatibility antigens were identified in frozen sections of normal Lewis @entity35 peripheral nerve tissue with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex system. Class I antigen is normally required for cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte function and class II antigen for activation of helper T lymphocytes. In the sciatic nerves class I antigen was expressed diffusely by most endoneurial and perineurial cells but class II antigen only by a minority. In the cauda equina class I antigen was expressed by all @entity2443 and some endoneurial cells, while class II antigen was expressed by a smaller proportion of @entity2443 cells in the endoneurium of spinal roots and interstitial cells surrounding dorsal root ganglion neurons. The endothelium of endoneurial, perineurial and meningeal vessels uniformly expressed class I but not class II antigen. @entity56 was induced in Lewis @entity35 by immunisation with @entity291 intradural root myelin. Early lesions consisted of multifocal infiltration of the nerve roots by cells expressing @entity1008 . Surrounding endoneurial cells showed markedly increased expression of major histocompatibility antigens. In inflammatory lesions about 10% of the cells were stained with pan T cell antibodies. T lymphocyte subsets were identified with antibody @entity11264 for helper cells and MRC OX-8 for cytotoxic/suppressor cells. The @entity11264 positive cells were usually slightly in excess of OX-8 positive cells and their relative proportions did not alter during the disease. The presence of class I antigen on normal endothelium and its increased expression on endoneurial cells in the early phase of @entity32 suggest an important role for class I restricted lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the early stages of @entity56 .

title: Major histocompatibility antigens and lymphocyte subsets during @entity56 in the Lewis XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Wild @entity95 trapped in their natural habitat and adapted to laboratory conditions were studied. Food, water and electrolyte (0.5 M- @entity1219 , 0.5 M- @entity4338 , 0.25 M- @entity8723 and 0.25 M- @entity3282 ) consumption, urinary volume and @entity1372 losses were monitored daily following stimuli which were found dipsogenic in other species. Water drinking was observed immediately after the intravenous injection of 1 M- @entity1219 (3 ml/kg), and following withdrawal of a mean of 13.9% of calculated blood volume. Daily intake of water decreased during intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) infusion of 0.3 M- @entity1219 in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.), during I.C.V. infusion of 0.9 M- @entity2656 c.s.f., both at a rate of 17 microliters/h, following peritoneal dialysis with 5% (w/v) @entity413 solution, and during food restriction. Water intake was not affected following intravenous administration of @entity3791 (10 mg/kg). Daily intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 solution was increased following peritoneal dialysis with 5% (w/v) @entity413 solution, which caused hyponatraemia, but not after @entity548 which caused about the same @entity1372 deficit as peritoneal dialysis, but as an isosmotic loss. Administration of two different angiotensin II analogues, systemically or I.C.V., failed to induce water drinking. However, urinary @entity1372 excretion and intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 were increased during the 5 days of I.C.V. infusion of angiotensin II (10 pmol/h). Infusion for 1 day of angiotensin II (500 pmol/h) led to increased urinary @entity1372 excretion which was followed by increased intake. The intake of other electrolyte solutions was not significantly affected by any of the treatments detailed above. The mechanisms participating in initiation of thirst in wild @entity95 are very sensitive to decrease in blood volume, in contrast to other species studied in laboratories. Angiotensin II at the doses and routes administered was not dipsogenic in wild @entity95 . The increased intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 solution observed during and after the long-term intraventricular administration of angiotensin II in the wild @entity95 appears predominantly a response to @entity1372 deficit caused by natriuresis. The persistence of appetite after the cessation of infusion is indicative of a residual effect on central mechanisms of salt appetite.

title: Water and salt intake of wild XXXX ( @entity95 (L)) following dipsogenic stimuli.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Wild @entity95 trapped in their natural habitat and adapted to laboratory conditions were studied. Food, water and electrolyte (0.5 M- @entity1219 , 0.5 M- @entity4338 , 0.25 M- @entity8723 and 0.25 M- @entity3282 ) consumption, urinary volume and @entity1372 losses were monitored daily following stimuli which were found dipsogenic in other species. Water drinking was observed immediately after the intravenous injection of 1 M- @entity1219 (3 ml/kg), and following withdrawal of a mean of 13.9% of calculated blood volume. Daily intake of water decreased during intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) infusion of 0.3 M- @entity1219 in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.), during I.C.V. infusion of 0.9 M- @entity2656 c.s.f., both at a rate of 17 microliters/h, following peritoneal dialysis with 5% (w/v) @entity413 solution, and during food restriction. Water intake was not affected following intravenous administration of @entity3791 (10 mg/kg). Daily intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 solution was increased following peritoneal dialysis with 5% (w/v) @entity413 solution, which caused hyponatraemia, but not after @entity548 which caused about the same @entity1372 deficit as peritoneal dialysis, but as an isosmotic loss. Administration of two different angiotensin II analogues, systemically or I.C.V., failed to induce water drinking. However, urinary @entity1372 excretion and intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 were increased during the 5 days of I.C.V. infusion of angiotensin II (10 pmol/h). Infusion for 1 day of angiotensin II (500 pmol/h) led to increased urinary @entity1372 excretion which was followed by increased intake. The intake of other electrolyte solutions was not significantly affected by any of the treatments detailed above. The mechanisms participating in initiation of thirst in wild @entity95 are very sensitive to decrease in blood volume, in contrast to other species studied in laboratories. Angiotensin II at the doses and routes administered was not dipsogenic in wild @entity95 . The increased intake of 0.5 M- @entity1219 solution observed during and after the long-term intraventricular administration of angiotensin II in the wild @entity95 appears predominantly a response to @entity1372 deficit caused by natriuresis. The persistence of appetite after the cessation of infusion is indicative of a residual effect on central mechanisms of salt appetite.

title: Water and salt intake of wild @entity95 ( XXXX (L)) following dipsogenic stimuli.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Oryctolagus cuniculus']


abstract: As part of a prospective study of neurological and neuropsychological complications of coronary bypass surgery, 259 @entity1 underwent psychometric assessment before operation and at seven days and six months after operation using a battery of 10 standard tests of intellectual function. This report describes the natural history of @entity409 soon after surgery and the incidence and functional impact of late @entity73 . The mean neuropsychological scores for the whole group remained unchanged or improved compared with levels before operation for the majority of the 10 tests. Analysis of the test scores for individuals showed that 147 of 259 (57 per cent) @entity1 showed deterioration on at least one test score at six months. The degree of impairment was usually mild. One hundred and thirty of the 147 @entity1 showed mild @entity73 (score deterioration on one or two tests) and only 17 @entity1 had moderate or severe impairment (score deterioration on three or more tests). Detectable @entity5122 at six months often did not matter to the @entity1 in functional terms. Seventy-one per cent of these @entity1 had no significant symptoms; 27 per cent had minor symptoms and only 2 per cent were seriously disabled. Of the @entity1 unemployed at six months, in only one case was intellectual impairment the factor preventing return to work. A search for possible predisposing factors for long-term @entity409 was made using a multivariate analysis of 91 variables for each @entity1 . @entity712 before surgery and global impairment of left ventricular function were the only factors showing significant correlation.

title: Long-term XXXX following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a six month follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['intellectual dysfunction']


abstract: The thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase (DF) and urokinase (UK) was evaluated and compared in a @entity235 model in which left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) @entity715 formation was initiated by electrical stimulation (150 UA, DC) of the arterial intimal surface via an implanted @entity920 wire electrode. Forty-eight mongrel @entity235 were equally divided into 8 groups: six groups for both intravenous (iv) and intracoronary (ic) infusion of DF, UK and normal saline 30 min after complete obstruction by a LCX @entity715 , the remaining two groups for iv infusion DF and UK 360 min after occlusion. Results showed that in the control groups no LCX recanalization after infusion occurred, but all the treated groups recanalized when drug infusion started 30 min after occlusion. @entity715 wet weight and @entity1188 size were much higher in the control group. No significant differences were found between treated groups except that the recanalizing speed was fastest by ic UK with the highest occurrence rate of reperfusion @entity943 . For 6-hour-old thrombi, DF was more effective than UK for recanalization. @entity715 wet weight and @entity1188 size were lower in the recanalized @entity235 . Both agents reduced plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen significantly but serious incision @entity548 was only found in the UK group. In order to study the mechanism underlying UK-induced @entity548 , we observed the influences of UK and DF on @entity1003 factors in another 12 @entity235 . Results showed that DF only reduced factor 1 while UK additionally reduced coagulation factors 2, 7, 8 and 10, indicating that the non-selective depletive effect on coagulation factors may be one of the mechanisms of UK-induced @entity548 . We conclude that both DF and UK can lyse fresh coronary thrombi, DF was more effective than UK on lysing older thrombi, considering its convenient use and less frequency of side effects, DF is therefore considered a more promising agent clinically.

title: Comparison of the thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase and urokinase on @entity235 coronary artery thrombosis and the mechanism of urokinase-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: The thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase (DF) and urokinase (UK) was evaluated and compared in a @entity235 model in which left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) @entity715 formation was initiated by electrical stimulation (150 UA, DC) of the arterial intimal surface via an implanted @entity920 wire electrode. Forty-eight mongrel @entity235 were equally divided into 8 groups: six groups for both intravenous (iv) and intracoronary (ic) infusion of DF, UK and normal saline 30 min after complete obstruction by a LCX @entity715 , the remaining two groups for iv infusion DF and UK 360 min after occlusion. Results showed that in the control groups no LCX recanalization after infusion occurred, but all the treated groups recanalized when drug infusion started 30 min after occlusion. @entity715 wet weight and @entity1188 size were much higher in the control group. No significant differences were found between treated groups except that the recanalizing speed was fastest by ic UK with the highest occurrence rate of reperfusion @entity943 . For 6-hour-old thrombi, DF was more effective than UK for recanalization. @entity715 wet weight and @entity1188 size were lower in the recanalized @entity235 . Both agents reduced plasma plasminogen and fibrinogen significantly but serious incision @entity548 was only found in the UK group. In order to study the mechanism underlying UK-induced @entity548 , we observed the influences of UK and DF on @entity1003 factors in another 12 @entity235 . Results showed that DF only reduced factor 1 while UK additionally reduced coagulation factors 2, 7, 8 and 10, indicating that the non-selective depletive effect on coagulation factors may be one of the mechanisms of UK-induced @entity548 . We conclude that both DF and UK can lyse fresh coronary thrombi, DF was more effective than UK on lysing older thrombi, considering its convenient use and less frequency of side effects, DF is therefore considered a more promising agent clinically.

title: Comparison of the thrombolytic efficacy of defibrase and urokinase on XXXX coronary artery thrombosis and the mechanism of urokinase-induced @entity548 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: During the past decade the number of @entity1 undergoing saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has increased worldwide. With a rate of late graft occlusion approximating 4% each year, the number of @entity1 at risk for late graft occlusion continues to increase. Whereas in 1976 only 0.8% of the CABGs performed at our institution were reoperations for occluded grafts, by 1985 repeat procedures comprised 12.4% of the CABGs performed. Excised, occluded saphenous vein grafts from 52 of 119 (44%) of these @entity1 showed @entity715 superimposed on @entity1856 . Ten autopsy @entity1 showed similar lesions in their occluded grafts. The lesion was present in grafts excised as early as 3 years and as late as 14 years after bypass surgery; most occurred 5 to 10 years after implantation. Neither age at first bypass, sex, nor coronary artery bypassed permitted prediction of the occurrence of the lesion. Thrombosed, ruptured @entity1856 is a common, clinically significant mechanism of late graft occlusion. It is associated with recurrent symptoms that necessitate repeat revascularization and may result in @entity204 . The lesion may also be amenable to thrombolytic therapy, angioplasty, or both.

title: Thrombosed, XXXX in saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts: ten years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured atheromatous plaques', 'atheromatous plaque']

answer: @entity1856 :: (MESH:D058226,Disease) :: ['ruptured atheromatous plaques']


abstract: Immunoglobulins A, G1, @entity72415 and M were localized at the corneal surface of adult Swiss-Webster @entity19 using Sternberger's peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. Immunoglobulins G2b, G3 and E and lysozyme were not present at the corneal surface of the @entity19 . Light microscopy of whole @entity19 eyes incubated for the detection of @entity40261 ( @entity40261 ) demonstrated a population of positively-stained corneal surface cells. @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM could not be similarly detected at the light microscopic level. At the transmission electron microscopic level, a greater amount of staining for @entity40261 was localized over the mature corneal surface cells. A lesser amount of @entity40261 staining occurred over the young and mature corneal surface cells. In contrast to this, @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM were randomly distributed over the corneal surface and were not preferentially localized over young or mature surface cells. The staining for @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM was less than the staining for @entity40261 at the corneal surface. @entity40261 was also localized at the corneal surface using an indirect immunoferritin technique. These studies suggest that immunoglobulins A, G and M are intimately associated with the glycocalyx and microvilli of the corneal surface cells. At present it is not known whether these immunoglobulins are bound directly to the surface cell apical plasma membrane or indirectly via mucus glycoproteins at the ocular surface.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins at the corneal surface of the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The mechanisms of lysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) from the @entity4576 ( @entity4576 ) were studied by determining the effects of various inhibitors of cellular metabolism on cytolysis of NC-37 @entity1 @entity706 target cells. Inhibition of NCC-mediated lysis by @entity9310 ( @entity3213 ) and @entity4627 ( @entity4627 ) indicated a requirement for cellular energy metabolism. @entity2389 , an inhibitor of microfilaments, and @entity6193 , an inhibitor of cellular secretion, both prevented lysis by NCC. Three microtubule inhibitors, @entity5713 , @entity3812 , and @entity49030 , all inhibited target cell lysis. Two divalent cation chelators, @entity1098 and @entity4527 , blocked NCC activity. Elimination of both @entity141 and Mg2+ by @entity1098 prevented target cell binding and killing. Selective removal of @entity141 by @entity4527 prevented killing but did not block target cell binding. These results indicated that nonspecific @entity137 in fish is an active process which requires cell movement and an intact secretory apparatus. The mechanisms of cytolysis by NCC were found (except for the requirement of microtubules) to be analogous to those of @entity1 NK cells. Combined with morphological studies, these data strongly suggest that a phylogenetic relationship exists between these effector cells.

title: Nonspecific cytotoxic cells in fish ( XXXX ). V. Metabolic requirements of lysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9310 :: ('CHEBI:39352', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity49030 :: ('MESH:D003703', 'Chemical') :: ['demecolcine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus', 'channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['Cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity4627 :: ('MESH:D019810', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium azide', 'NaN3']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine sulfate']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: The etiology of insulin resistance during @entity6 is still poorly understood. Changes in @entity8277 binding and the existence of postreceptor alterations have been proposed. In an attempt to clarify the role of low pH and @entity6178 bodies in the insulin resistance, we examined the effectiveness of insulin during and after 48 h of exposure of cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes to low pH and ketoacids. In the "acute" stage, lowering of physiologic pH (pH 7.4) to pH 6.9 induced a decrease in insulin binding (50%), which was due to a decrease in the rate of association. Concomitantly, the insulin sensitivity was decreased (ninefold). The basal @entity12015 uptake and insulin responsiveness were only slightly decreased at low pH. @entity4322 partially counteracted the effect of low pH on insulin binding and sensitivity in a dose-dependent fashion (ED50: 10 mM). The binding-enhancing effect of @entity28869 was more pronounced at low pH than at physiologic pH and absent at optimum pH (pH 8.0). After 48 h of exposure of the cells to pH 6.9, insulin binding and insulin sensitivity (measured at physiologic pH) were similar as in cells cultured at pH 7.4. The insulin response, however, was substantially impaired (40%), due to an increase in basal @entity12015 uptake as well as a decrease in maximal insulin-stimulated uptake. These postbinding alterations induced by low pH could be reversed by culturing the cells at physiologic pH for another 48 h. Prolonged exposure to ketoacids did not affect the insulin effectiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Low pH and ketoacids induce XXXX binding and postbinding alterations in cultured 3T3 adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity28869 :: ('MESH:D007651', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoacids']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: Continuous epidural anaesthesia was carried out in 23 @entity1 (age 13.9 +/- 6 months, weight 9.09 +/- 2.5 kg) scheduled for long surgical procedure (soft tissue release for @entity5149 , "pull-through" for @entity1963 , various genito-urinary procedures). The lumbar epidural space was punctured under general anaesthesia with a 19 G Tuohy needle. A graduated 24 G @entity2636 catheter was then inserted and fixed. The local anaesthetic used was @entity1341 0.25% (0.71 +/- 0.02 ml X kg-1), with or without 1:200,000 @entity1425 . Five and 10 min after injection of @entity1341 , heart rate was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) when compared with pre-induction values, but systolic blood pressure did not change. No other haemodynamic changes occurred. @entity1337 was sufficient in all but two cases at incision. Mean duration of surgical procedure was 143 +/- 9.2 min. The time of the first reinjection was significantly longer if @entity1341 with @entity1425 was used (116 +/- 2.34 min), when compared with @entity1341 without @entity1425 (68.9 +/- 3.92 min) (p less than 0.001). No systemic analgesic was needed during the surgical procedure and anaesthesia was maintained either with @entity1508 (inspiratory fraction less than 0.5%) or @entity4488 (inspiratory fraction less than 0.8%). All @entity1 were extubated at the end of the surgical procedure. The catheter was maintained in 16 @entity1 for postoperative @entity1337 . The first postoperative injection was given 7.1 +/- 0.45 h later. The catheter remained in situ 26.7 +/- 4.1 h. No complication was observed. Thus, during surgery, the need for systemic @entity1337 was avoided and a rapid and safe postoperative recovery was obtained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Continuous peridural anesthesia in XXXX less than 2 years old].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The number of @entity1 Day Care Centers has increased progressively in underdeveloped countries. These Institutions offer conditions that facilitate the transmission of enteric agents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of @entity7014 in Day Care Centers from San Francisco municipality, Zulia state, Venezuela. A poll was applied to collect personal and clinical data. Fecal samples from 82 @entity1 of one or another sex, between 11 months and 6 years old, who normally assist to four Day Care Centers of the municipality mentioned above, were analyzed. The samples were processed by fresh examination, lugol temporal coloration and the @entity406 -ether technique. A percentual analysis was applied for the statistical study. From the 82 processed samples, 37 (45.1%) showed the presence of @entity461 . The clinical symptoms most frequently observed in the study were @entity490 , @entity294 , @entity353 and inappetence. Statistical results did not show a significant difference of this @entity4801 with relationship to sex; however, there is a predominance in @entity1 of school age (75%). The result of this work shows a high prevalence of @entity7014 in Day Care Centers of the municipality studied, which suggests that this institutions gather the conditions that facilitate the transmission of this flagellate, and that preventive measures must be put into practice.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in day care centers in San Francisco municipality, state of Zulia, Venezuela].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['Giardiasis']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: The etiologic factors of @entity7493 (P.E.M.) have been studied in 59 @entity1 with kwashiorkor (KWK) or marasmus-kwashiorkor (MKWK) and living in an african urban area. The decline of breast feeding leads to an earlier P.E.M., mainly MKWK. This decline is linked to urbanization, mother's activities, dislocation of traditional structures and use of artificial formulas. Essentially based on cereals, the diet is responsible of the post-weaning P.E.M. Poverty, ignorance and food taboos are related to a lack in weaning food varieties. A small number of @entity1 with KWK had a rich protein diet putting back the cause of an hypoproteic diet on the KWK onset. Infections play a determinant role in the onset of KWK and of some MKWK, after 2 years of age. @entity294 , measles, bronchopulmonary and @entity4801 are the most prevalent @entity281 . Among socio-cultural factors, @entity74 are predominating with @entity1 -mother break-up and father's bonding failure. At the opposite of rural areas, the family size is reduced. The three first birth ranges are specially concerned with young inexperienced mothers.

title: [ XXXX in an urban African milieu (Togo). Etiologic factors in kwashiorkor and marasmus-kwashiorkor].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['conjugal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

answer: @entity7493 :: (MESH:D011502,Disease) :: ['Protein-energy malnutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     Background: @entity177 and aging are suggested as risk factors for @entity73 ( @entity13198 ). We studied the prevalence of @entity13198 among @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), its impact on @entity298 in the first year, and the potential role of assisted @entity298 .     Methods: One hundred fourteen @entity1 were newly started on @entity298 between February 2011 and July 2013. Montreal Cognitive Assessment was performed in the absence of acute illness. Data on @entity1 characteristics including demographics, comorbidities, blood parameters, dialysis adequacy, presence of helpers, medications, and the number @entity298 -related infections were collected.     Results: The age of studied @entity1 was 59  15.0 years, and 47% were female. The prevalence of @entity13198 was 28.9%. @entity1 older than 65 years old (odds ratio [OR] 4.88, @entity13198 [ @entity13198 ] 1.79 - 13.28 p = 0.002) and with an education of primary level or below (OR 4.08, @entity13198 1.30 - 12.81, p = 0.016) were independent risk factors for @entity13198 in multivariate analysis. @entity1 with @entity298 were significantly older (p < 0.001) and more likely to have @entity13198 as defined by MoCA (p = 0.035). After adjustment for age, however, @entity13198 was not a significant independent risk factor for @entity298 among self-care @entity298 @entity1 (OR 2.20, @entity13198 0.65- 7.44, p = 0.20). When we compared @entity1 with MoCA-defined @entity13198 receiving self-care and assisted @entity298 , there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, MoCA scores, or comorbidities. There were also no statistically significant differences in 1-year outcome of @entity298 rates or exit-site infections.     Conclusion: @entity73 is common among local @entity298 @entity1 . Even with @entity13198 , @entity298 rate in self-care @entity298 with adequate training is similar to @entity13198 @entity1 on assisted @entity298 .

title: PREVALENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG PERITONEAL DIALYSIS XXXX , IMPACT ON PERITONITIS AND ROLE OF ASSISTED DIALYSIS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['CI', 'confidence interval']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PD-related peritonitis', 'peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high-throughput 96-microwell plate fluorometric method was developed and validated to determine @entity4546 ( @entity30153 ) in its dosage forms. The method was based on the charge-transfer (CT) sensitized fluorescence reaction of @entity30153 with @entity72416 (DDQ). This fluorescence reaction provided a new approach for simple, sensitive and selective determinations of @entity30153 in pharmaceutical preparations. In the present method, the fluorescence reaction was carried out in 96-microwell plates as reaction vessels in order to increase the automation of the methodology and the efficiency of its use in quality control laboratories. All factors affecting the fluorescence reaction were carefully studied and the conditions were optimized. The stoichiometry of the fluorescence reaction between @entity30153 and DDQ was determined and the reaction mechanism was suggested. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range was 100-6000  ng/ml with the lowest LOD of 33  ng/ml. Analytical performance of the proposed assay, in terms of accuracy and precision, was statistically validated and the results were satisfactory; RSD was <2.6  % and the accuracy was 98.6-101.6  %. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of @entity30153 in its dosage forms; the recovery values were 98.26-99.60      0.95-2.22  %. The developed methodology may provide a safer, automated and economic tool for the analysis of @entity30153 in quality control laboratories.

title: A Validated High-Throughput Fluorometric Method for Determination of XXXX in Quality Control Laboratory via Charge Transfer Sensitized Fluorescence.

entities_list: @entity72416 :: ('MESH:C000928', 'Chemical') :: ['2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['Omeprazole']


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 who was abused at the age of 5 months. She suffered from complications frequently associated with @entity3702 , such as @entity1276 secondary to @entity510 . The @entity1 underwent a procedure to place a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 weeks after her presentation with signs of abuse. The ventricular shunt remained in place throughout her life, and the @entity1 received multiple revisions. She also was noted to have a markedly thickened calvarium on both radiographs and computed tomographic scan at 6 years old. She died following an episode of grand @entity159 . An autopsy was performed and her skull was found to be thickened circumferentially. Histologic examination revealed increased cancellous space with normal trabecular bone. It is hypothesized that @entity551 resulting from chronic ventricular shunting lead to her thickened calvarium, a condition previously reported as @entity4916 cranii ex vacuo. Dural changes seen microscopically corroborate this hypothesis.

title: Marked calvarial thickening and dural changes following chronic ventricular shunting for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['mal status epilepticus']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 with aggressive primary testicular involvement were analyzed separately from a prospective multicenter series of 494 @entity1 with stage I/II aggressive @entity706 . The treatment strategy included 3 cycles of @entity4349 -based chemotherapy followed by regional radiation therapy on inguinal, iliac, and para-aortic lymph nodes and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis by intrathecal chemotherapy and brain irradiation. Chemotherapy was stratified by age group. @entity1 aged 18-60 years received the Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucemies Aigues et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) 02 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VCAP ( @entity7324 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity632 80 mg/m2 day 2, @entity786 1500 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity229 80 mg/m2 days 1-5). @entity1 aged 61-75 years received the GOELAMS 03 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VECP-Bleo ( @entity7324 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity1259 60 mg/m2 day 1, @entity786 750 mg/m2 day 1, @entity229 50 mg/m2 days 1-7, and @entity1732 10 mg/m2 days 1 and 5). Sixteen @entity1 had testicular involvement (3.3%). Median age was 62 years (range, 29-73 years). The histological subtypes were @entity4812 in all cases. Ann Arbor stage was IEA in 11 @entity1 , IEB in 3 @entity1 , and IIEA in 2 @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved a complete response. One @entity1 died from @entity326 during the last course of chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 73.5 months, the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 70% and 65%, respectively for all @entity1 . @entity1349 were 66% and 83% in @entity1 = 60 years of age, and 74% and 56% in @entity1 > 60 years of age. Relapse occurred in extranodal sites in 4 cases and in abdominal lymph nodes in the last case. Relapse in the CNS occurred in only 1 @entity1 and in the contralateral @entity1062 in 1 @entity1 . We found no correlation between @entity1349 , DFS and extent of testicular involvement, Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index score, or @entity880 dehydrogenase level. This is the first report of a prospective study in which treatment of @entity1893 was precisely defined at diagnosis. Compared to other series, a combination of orchiectomy with 3 cycles of CHOP ( @entity786 / @entity632 / @entity1891 / @entity229 )-derived chemotherapy, regional radiation therapy, and CNS prophylaxis seems to improve prognosis. The improvement in prognosis seemed to be due in part to irradiation, including the pelvic and lomboaortic lymphatic areas, and in part to CNS prophylaxis.

title: Stage I-IIE primary @entity1893 of the XXXX : results of a prospective trial by the GOELAMS Study Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['nonlymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["testicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Disease-free survival and OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 with aggressive primary testicular involvement were analyzed separately from a prospective multicenter series of 494 @entity1 with stage I/II aggressive @entity706 . The treatment strategy included 3 cycles of @entity4349 -based chemotherapy followed by regional radiation therapy on inguinal, iliac, and para-aortic lymph nodes and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis by intrathecal chemotherapy and brain irradiation. Chemotherapy was stratified by age group. @entity1 aged 18-60 years received the Groupe Ouest Est d'Etude des Leucemies Aigues et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) 02 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VCAP ( @entity7324 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity632 80 mg/m2 day 2, @entity786 1500 mg/m2 day 2, and @entity229 80 mg/m2 days 1-5). @entity1 aged 61-75 years received the GOELAMS 03 protocol: 3 monthly cycles of VECP-Bleo ( @entity7324 3 mg/m2 day 1, @entity1259 60 mg/m2 day 1, @entity786 750 mg/m2 day 1, @entity229 50 mg/m2 days 1-7, and @entity1732 10 mg/m2 days 1 and 5). Sixteen @entity1 had testicular involvement (3.3%). Median age was 62 years (range, 29-73 years). The histological subtypes were @entity4812 in all cases. Ann Arbor stage was IEA in 11 @entity1 , IEB in 3 @entity1 , and IIEA in 2 @entity1 . All @entity1 achieved a complete response. One @entity1 died from @entity326 during the last course of chemotherapy. After a median follow-up period of 73.5 months, the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 70% and 65%, respectively for all @entity1 . @entity1349 were 66% and 83% in @entity1 = 60 years of age, and 74% and 56% in @entity1 > 60 years of age. Relapse occurred in extranodal sites in 4 cases and in abdominal lymph nodes in the last case. Relapse in the CNS occurred in only 1 @entity1 and in the contralateral @entity1062 in 1 @entity1 . We found no correlation between @entity1349 , DFS and extent of testicular involvement, Ann Arbor stage, International Prognostic Index score, or @entity880 dehydrogenase level. This is the first report of a prospective study in which treatment of @entity1893 was precisely defined at diagnosis. Compared to other series, a combination of orchiectomy with 3 cycles of CHOP ( @entity786 / @entity632 / @entity1891 / @entity229 )-derived chemotherapy, regional radiation therapy, and CNS prophylaxis seems to improve prognosis. The improvement in prognosis seemed to be due in part to irradiation, including the pelvic and lomboaortic lymphatic areas, and in part to CNS prophylaxis.

title: Stage I-IIE primary XXXX of the @entity1062 : results of a prospective trial by the GOELAMS Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is conventionally performed under general anaesthesia (GA), but there are multiple studies which have found spinal anaesthesia (SA) as a safe alternative. This meta-analysis was performed after adding many recent @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to clarify this issue. METHODS: Relevant articles published in English were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register from January 1, 2000 to December 1, 2014. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were reviewed to identify additional articles. Primary outcomes ( @entity282 scores) and secondary outcomes (operating time (OT) and @entity260 ) were pooled. Quantitative variables were calculated using the @entity353 ( @entity353 ), and qualitative variables were pooled using odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: Seven appropriate @entity23 were identified from 912 published articles. Seven hundred and twelve @entity1 were treated, 352 in SA group and 360 in GA group. LC under SA was superior to LC under GA in @entity282 within 12  h (visual analogue score (VAS) in 2-4  h, @entity353   =   -1.61, P   =   0.000; VAS in 6-8  h, @entity353   =   -1.277, P   =   0.015) and @entity260 ( @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) @entity353   =   0.427, P   =   0.001; Overall Morbidity @entity353   =   0.691, P   =   0.027). The GA group was superior to SA group in postoperative urinary retention ( @entity353   =   4.273, P   =   0.022). There were no significant differences in operating time ( @entity353   =   0.184, P   =   0.141) between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: SA as the sole anaesthesia technique is feasible, safe for elective LC.

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia vs. general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomized controlled trials']


abstract: The interrelationship between @entity134 hormone secretion and gonadotropin secretion during the @entity1 menstrual cycle is a set of complex interactions. The temporal relationship between @entity53 and @entity1420 secretion, the preovulatory surge of gonadotropins and the time of ovulation, has been studied extensively. The median time interval between the first rise of @entity53 , @entity1420 , LH and FSH, and ovulation has been estimated to be 82.5 hr, 7.8 hr, 32 hr and 21.1 hr, respectively. The median time interval between peak blood concentrations of @entity53 , LH and FSH, and the time of ovulation is estimated to be 24, 16.5 and 15.3 hr. There is considerable individual variation in the above mentioned estimates. The rising levels of blood @entity53 that are secreted by the maturing ovarian follicles appear to be the primary trigger for the surge of gonadotropins leading to ovulation. In the experimental animal, the @entity172 effect takes place at the level of the hypothalamus in the release of @entity4396 and at the level of the pituitary in increasing its sensitivity to @entity4396 . There appears to be a good correlation between the nuclear translocation of occupied @entity172 receptors in the hypothalamus and the pituitary and the manifestation of @entity172 effects. In the @entity1 , a rise in @entity1420 begins to take place after the first rise in LH has occurred. @entity1420 appears to have both a stimulatory and inhibitory effect on gonadotropin secretion in the experimental animal and the @entity1 . Thus it exerts a fine-tune modulatory influence of @entity172 effects which include enhancement of the @entity53 induced gonadotropin surge, and perhaps the initiation of the midcycle FSH surge in the @entity1 . The abrupt termination of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge is difficult to explain because the pituitary gland is not depleted of its gonadotropin content or its capacity to secrete gonadotropins. Preliminary results suggests that @entity1420 by exerting its inhibitory influence may be responsible for the termination of the gonadotropin surge. This hypothesis, however, needs careful confirmation. The effects of @entity1420 may be manifested at higher brain centers, the hypothalamus and the pituitary, and may involve not only the release of @entity4396 but also an alteration of the pulsatile pattern of release of @entity4396 . The recognition of these components, along with the presence and control of @entity4396 degrading enzymes in the hypothalamus and the pituitary, emphasize the complexity of the system and the need for further work to gain a better understanding of the steroidal regulation of gonadotropin secretion.

title: The dynamic interaction between steroids and gonadotropins in the XXXX ovulatory cycle.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Once-weekly @entity8142 agonists (GLP-1RAs) are new drugs for the treatment of type 2 @entity6 . PURPOSE: To summarize evidence for the cardiometabolic efficacy and adverse effects of once-weekly GLP-1RAs in adults with type 2 @entity6 . DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, ClinicalTrials.gov) and congress abstracts from inception through 26 September 2015. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized, controlled trials (>= 24 weeks of follow-up) studying albiglutide, dulaglutide, once-weekly exenatide, semaglutide, and @entity22259 and reporting a cardiometabolic (primary outcome, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]) or safety outcome. DATA EXTRACTION: Extraction was done in duplicate, and risk of bias was assessed. No language restriction was applied. DATA SYNTHESIS: 34 trials (21  126 @entity1 ) were included. Compared with placebo, all once-weekly GLP-1RAs reduced HbA1c and fasting plasma @entity413 ; @entity22259 , 20 mg, once-weekly exenatide, and dulaglutide, 1.5 mg, reduced body weight. Among once-weekly GLP-1RAs, the greatest differences were found between dulaglutide, 1.5 mg, and @entity22259 , 10 mg, for HbA1c (-0.4% [95% CI, -0.7% to -0.2%]), once-weekly exenatide and albiglutide for fasting plasma @entity413 (-0.7 mmol/L [CI, -1.1 to -0.2 mmol/L]; -12.6 mg/dL [CI, -19.8 to -3.6 mg/dL]), and @entity22259 , 20 mg, and dulaglutide, 0.75 mg, for body weight (-1.5 kg [CI, -2.2 to -0.8]). Clinically marginal or no differences were found for blood pressure, blood lipid levels, and C-reactive protein levels. Once-weekly exenatide increased heart rate compared with albiglutide and @entity48142 (1.4 to 3.2 beats/min). Among once-weekly GLP-1RAs, the risk for @entity4053 was similar, whereas @entity22259 , 20 mg, had the greatest risk for @entity390 (odds ratios, 1.9 to 5.9). LIMITATION: Data were unavailable for semaglutide, definitions of outcomes were heterogeneous, the last-observation-carried-forward imputation method was used in 73% of trials, and publication bias is possible. CONCLUSION: Compared with other once-weekly GLP-1RAs, dulaglutide, 1.5 mg; once-weekly exenatide; and @entity22259 , 20 mg, showed a greater reduction of HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity413 , and body weight. @entity22259 , 20 mg, had the highest risk for @entity390 ; risk for @entity4053 among once-weekly GLP-1RAs was similar. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Sanofi Aventis (grant to the University of Leicester).

title: Benefits and Harms of Once-Weekly XXXX Agonist Treatments: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity22259 :: ('MESH:C541736', 'Chemical') :: ['taspoglutide', 'Taspoglutide']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity48142 :: ('MESH:C555680', 'Chemical') :: ['dulaglutide']

answer: @entity8142 :: (2740,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity7652 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity31 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity7652 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity31 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) therapy plus @entity7652 in experimental @entity1960 . A subclinical dose of @entity3504 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity3504 plus @entity7652 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity1960 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity137 of @entity1960 @entity19 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity3504 alone, @entity3504 plus @entity7652 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity1049 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity637 as well as NFkB and @entity16404 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity3504 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity637 secretion of DSS @entity19 than @entity3504 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity137 to major organs of @entity1960 @entity19 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity7652 to @entity2983 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate XXXX -Induced @entity1960 in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon shortening, and colon histological injury']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity7652 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity31 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity7652 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity31 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) therapy plus @entity7652 in experimental @entity1960 . A subclinical dose of @entity3504 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity3504 plus @entity7652 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity1960 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity137 of @entity1960 @entity19 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity3504 alone, @entity3504 plus @entity7652 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity1049 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity637 as well as NFkB and @entity16404 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity3504 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity637 secretion of DSS @entity19 than @entity3504 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity137 to major organs of @entity1960 @entity19 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of XXXX to @entity2983 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity1372 -Induced @entity1960 in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['Berberine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity7652 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity31 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity7652 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity31 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) therapy plus @entity7652 in experimental @entity1960 . A subclinical dose of @entity3504 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity3504 plus @entity7652 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity1960 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity137 of @entity1960 @entity19 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity3504 alone, @entity3504 plus @entity7652 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity1049 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity637 as well as NFkB and @entity16404 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity3504 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity637 secretion of DSS @entity19 than @entity3504 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity137 to major organs of @entity1960 @entity19 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity7652 to @entity2983 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity1372 -Induced @entity1960 in C57BL/6 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity7652 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity31 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity7652 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity31 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) therapy plus @entity7652 in experimental @entity1960 . A subclinical dose of @entity3504 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity3504 plus @entity7652 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity1960 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity137 of @entity1960 @entity19 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity3504 alone, @entity3504 plus @entity7652 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity1049 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity637 as well as NFkB and @entity16404 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity3504 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity637 secretion of DSS @entity19 than @entity3504 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity137 to major organs of @entity1960 @entity19 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity7652 to XXXX for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity1372 -Induced @entity1960 in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['5-Aminosalicylic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a common chronic remitting disease but without satisfactory treatment. Alternative medicine @entity7652 has received massive attention for its potential in @entity31 treatment. Conventional therapies with the addition of @entity7652 are becoming attractive as novel therapies in @entity31 . In the present study, we investigated the preclinical activity of a conventional oral @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) therapy plus @entity7652 in experimental @entity1960 . A subclinical dose of @entity3504 (200 mg/kg/day) alone or @entity3504 plus @entity7652 (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days to C57BL/6 @entity19 with @entity1960 induced by three cycles of 2% dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS). The disease severity, inflammatory responses, drug accumulation and potential @entity137 of @entity1960 @entity19 were examined. The results showed that comparing to @entity3504 alone, @entity3504 plus @entity7652 more potently ameliorated DSS-induced disease severity, @entity1049 . Further, the up-regulation in mRNA level of colonic @entity637 as well as NFkB and @entity16404 phosphorylation caused by DSS were more pronouncedly reversed in animals treated with the combination therapy than those treated with @entity3504 alone. Moreover, the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 more significantly inhibited lymphocyte @entity637 secretion of DSS @entity19 than @entity3504 alone. In the meanwhile, no extra drug accumulation or potential @entity137 to major organs of @entity1960 @entity19 was observed with this combination treatment. In summary, our studies provide preclinical rationale for the addition of @entity7652 to @entity3504 as a promising therapeutic strategy in clinic by reducing dose of standard therapy.

title: Addition of @entity7652 to @entity2983 for Treatment of Dextran Sulfate @entity1372 -Induced XXXX in C57BL/6 @entity19 .

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['Chronic Colitis']


abstract: Using a quantitative immunoautoradiographic technique with simultaneously exposed internal standards, antigenic sites on A1, @entity12191 , A2 and A2B erythrocytes were quantitated. The binding of purified radioiodinated rabbit anti-A antibodies was studied by the direct incubation technique. 61 normal individuals and 44 @entity1 suffering from @entity1778 and other @entity74 such as @entity11998 vera (PV) and @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) were investigated. Among the normal volunteers, antigenic sites gradually increased up to 3 months of life, later on they were comparable with the values of adults. A reduction of more than 50% in the antigenic sites was observed in all cases of @entity2150 . 50-70% of @entity1 with various forms of @entity1778 had a decrease in antigenicity. 1 @entity1 suffering from acute unclassified @entity1778 showed two populations of red cells. This case differed from natural O/A1 chimerism where A1 erythrocytes had normal antigenicity while in the patient, A1 antigens were @entity308 . 2 @entity1 (1 with @entity981 , 1 with @entity2150 ) who were investigated after allogenic bone marrow transplantation had a marked decrease in antigenic sites. Reasons for A antigenic variations in @entity74 are discussed.

title: Changes in 'A' antigenic sites in XXXX . An immunoautoradiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia', 'Apl.A']

entities_list: @entity11998 :: ('MESH:C548016', 'Disease') :: ['polycythaemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['haematological disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6128 (ACA) @entity2849 are a challenge to manage. Difficult diagnosis, delayed presentation and catastrophic outcomes contribute to the overall prognosis of traumatic @entity438 . Clipping or coiling of the @entity439 and/or parent vessel occlusion are the treatment options. However, surgery and coiling both may be difficult due to limited access and the need for parent vessel preservation. Rarely, these @entity439 must be managed conservatively. We present four @entity1 with @entity438 admitted to our center in the last 10months. Three @entity1 had @entity2849 of the distal ACA and one had an @entity439 arising from a cortical branch of the ACA. Their clinical presentations and management, along with outcomes, are discussed as well as the dilemmas associated with them. Three @entity1 were managed by clipping and coiling while one was managed conservatively. The diagnosis was made relatively early in three @entity1 while delayed @entity510 led to diagnosis in the fourth. Although the overall prognosis remains grim, with high mortality and morbidity rates, both microsurgical and interventional management of these @entity439 may be useful, if detected early before @entity397 . Expectant management and surveillance may be required in a select group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX and management options in the endovascular era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic anterior cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'traumatic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic ACA aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Traumatic anterior cerebral artery aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 gut microbiome is involved in vital biological functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis and modulation of intestinal development and enhanced metabolic capabilities. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development and progression of inflammatory conditions, including @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). The @entity11632 ( @entity11632 ) gene produces an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. @entity11632 genotype has been shown to modify the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that @entity11632 genotype influences risk of @entity2132 and bacterial translocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity11632 genotype was determined in 150 consecutive @entity1 receiving allogeneic HSCT at our center. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes from the transplantation database. Cumulative risk of any acute @entity2132 varied by @entity11632 genotype, with decreased risk in those with A/A genotype and increased risk in those with G/G genotype. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of @entity2259 was increased in those with A/A genotype. We conclude that the @entity11632 genotype influences risk of acute @entity2132 and @entity2259 after HSCT. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involve altered intestinal surface glycosylation and microbial composition but this requires additional study.

title: A Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome Influences the Risk of XXXX and @entity2259 After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11632 :: ('2524', 'Gene') :: ['fucosyltransferase 2', 'FUT2']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Graft-versus-Host Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 gut microbiome is involved in vital biological functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis and modulation of intestinal development and enhanced metabolic capabilities. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development and progression of inflammatory conditions, including @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). The @entity11632 ( @entity11632 ) gene produces an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. @entity11632 genotype has been shown to modify the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that @entity11632 genotype influences risk of @entity2132 and bacterial translocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity11632 genotype was determined in 150 consecutive @entity1 receiving allogeneic HSCT at our center. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes from the transplantation database. Cumulative risk of any acute @entity2132 varied by @entity11632 genotype, with decreased risk in those with A/A genotype and increased risk in those with G/G genotype. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of @entity2259 was increased in those with A/A genotype. We conclude that the @entity11632 genotype influences risk of acute @entity2132 and @entity2259 after HSCT. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involve altered intestinal surface glycosylation and microbial composition but this requires additional study.

title: A Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome Influences the Risk of @entity2132 and XXXX After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: We phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) the cellular infiltrates in kidneys of @entity1 with @entity631 ( @entity631 ) responsive (R) or nonresponsive (NR) to pulse @entity1667 therapy (PM)-eight anti- @entity11 , six no immune deposits, three immune complex, two @entity1333 , and one proliferative GN. There were glomerular, periglomerular, crescentic, and interstitial T and T-cell subsets. Few interstitial and no glomerular B and NK cells were observed. TH cells were much more common than TS. Phenotypes were quantitatively evaluated in 221 nephritic and 32 control glomeruli. T and/or TH cells were positively correlated with M phi, r = 0.30 to 0.74, P less than 0.05 to 0.0005. Although differences in phenotypes were observed, these differences were insufficient to distinguish between subtypes. Analysis of R and NR revealed no relationship to percent crescents, entry serum @entity1011 , @entity1458 , or need for dialysis. NR was related to presence of @entity7860 , P = 0.001, as was ability to stop dialysis, 0 of 7 @entity11 versus 9 of 10 other, P less than 0.001. Mild infiltrates of lymphocytes and M phi correlated with R, P less than or equal to 0.02. R had fewer numbers of TH and M phi in glomeruli, P = 0.0001, in crescents, P less than 0.02, and total TH and M phi compared to NR, P less than 0.001. Crescentic and total TH/S ratios were lower in NR than R, P less than 0.05. These findings demonstrate that components of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) system are present by MAb analysis, that subtypes cannot be differentiated by CMI constitution, and R to PM is related to intensity and composition of CMI involvement. Independence of the CMI system relative to @entity7860 remains to be clarified.

title: T-cells and macrophages in XXXX : clinicopathologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['anti-GBM disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['RPGN', 'rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis']