abstract: Isolated circulatory or longitudinally oriented strips from anterior or posterior @entity95 bladder base were tested for responsiveness to agonists and sensitivity of field stimulation-induced responses to antagonists. Results were compared to the regional distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves determined histochemically. Greater @entity1063 -induced responses in posterior than in anterior strips reflect denser noradrenergic innervation in posterior base. Longitudinal strips responded better to @entity5402 than circular strips, but no orientation-related differences in cholinergic nerve density or muscle mass were noted. Field stimulation-induced contractions were largely resistant to @entity5333 (0.03 microM) and @entity2997 (100 microM) and slightly reduced by @entity5521 (2.6 microM). @entity3897 (0.4 microM) reduced maximum responses by 25 to 75%. The resistance to @entity2997 suggests that the ineffectiveness of @entity5333 is not due solely to atypical post synaptic receptors. Inaccessibility of the synaptic cleft to @entity2997 is unlikely because the @entity12108 , which possesses close contacts, was sensitive to @entity2997 . Neurotransmission in bladder base may be partially noradrenergic, noncholinergic in nature. A question arises concerning the functional significance of the noradrenergic nerves in bladder base.

title: Paradoxical resistance to adrenolytic agents of field-stimulated bladder base of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['vas deferens']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in computed tomography (CT) value of condyle and @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) disc position after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) setback surgery, retrospectively. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 76 @entity1 (152 condyles) who underwent bilateral SSRO setback surgery. They were divided into 2 groups (43 symmetric @entity1 and 33 asymmetric @entity1 ). CT values (pixel values) of 5 sites of the condyle and condylar width, length, horizontal angle were measured pre-operatively and 1 year post-operatively. Disc position was classified as anterior disc displacement, anterior type, fully covered type and posterior type, preoperatively and postoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: In maximum CT value at the center of the condyle, post-operative value was significantly lower than pre-operative value bilaterally (Deviation side: P  =  0.0003, Non-deviation side: P  =  0.0003) in asymmetry group. In minimum CT value at the center of the condyle, the post-operative value was significantly lower than the pre-operative value bilaterally (Deviation side: P  =  0.0309, Non-deviation side: P  =  0.0004) in the symmetry group. With regard to maximum CT value at the lateral site of the condyle in the deviation side, the value for the anterior disc displacement group was significantly larger than that of the posterior type pre-operatively (P  =  0.0123). CT value of the anterior disc displacement group was significantly larger than those of some other areas pre- and post-operatively (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that CT value of condylar bone changes after 1 year in SSRO and anterior disc displacement may partially affect the CT value of the condyle in the @entity1348 in mandibular prognathism @entity1 .

title: Changes in computed tomography values of mandibular condyle and XXXX disc position after sagittal split ramus osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity420 at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) are currently stratified by @entity5 location. This retrospective study examines the association of @entity1613 and @entity356 at different locations and compares them with nonjunctional @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 520 @entity1 with junctional and nonjunctional @entity356 were assessed for the presence and degree of @entity1944 , glandular @entity194 and @entity32 in the stomach. Histopathological data were complete for 428 @entity1 (68.9% @entity1 , median age 67.7 years), including 172 @entity1 with @entity5 (GOJ1: 1-5   cm proximal to the junction, GOJ2: 'true' junctional, GOJ3: 2-5   cm distal to the junction). @entity356 and @entity1613 were scored according to the updated Sydney classification and further stratified into respective operative link on @entity3621 assessment (OLGA) and operative link on @entity3621 assessment on @entity1944 (OLGIM) stages. RESULTS: The prevalence and degree of @entity356 and @entity1944 were significantly lower in GOJ1 than GOJ3 (P<0.01). @entity1613 in the stomach were similar in GOJ3 compared with nonjunctional @entity356 . GOJ1 were almost exclusively (98.4%) of the intestinal type, whereas GOJ2 and GOJ3 were the diffuse type in 22.6 and 22.4% of the @entity1 (P<0.001). Of all @entity1 , only 8.5 and 12.7% presented with stage III/IV according to OLGA and OLGIM, respectively. However, data for OLGA and OLGIM staging were only available in 61.2 and 67.9% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: GOJ1 are less likely to be associated with gastric pathology compared with GOJ3 or nonjunctional @entity356 . OLGA or OLGIM staging in @entity1 with @entity5 seems to be of limited value.

title: XXXX at different positions at the gastro-oesophageal junction show distinct association with @entity3621 and gastric @entity1613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GOJ cancer', 'advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic conditions', 'Preneoplastic conditions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric inflammation', 'gastric atrophy', 'inflammation of the gastric mucosa with GOJ cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity420 at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) are currently stratified by @entity5 location. This retrospective study examines the association of @entity1613 and @entity356 at different locations and compares them with nonjunctional @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 520 @entity1 with junctional and nonjunctional @entity356 were assessed for the presence and degree of @entity1944 , glandular @entity194 and @entity32 in the stomach. Histopathological data were complete for 428 @entity1 (68.9% @entity1 , median age 67.7 years), including 172 @entity1 with @entity5 (GOJ1: 1-5   cm proximal to the junction, GOJ2: 'true' junctional, GOJ3: 2-5   cm distal to the junction). @entity356 and @entity1613 were scored according to the updated Sydney classification and further stratified into respective operative link on @entity3621 assessment (OLGA) and operative link on @entity3621 assessment on @entity1944 (OLGIM) stages. RESULTS: The prevalence and degree of @entity356 and @entity1944 were significantly lower in GOJ1 than GOJ3 (P<0.01). @entity1613 in the stomach were similar in GOJ3 compared with nonjunctional @entity356 . GOJ1 were almost exclusively (98.4%) of the intestinal type, whereas GOJ2 and GOJ3 were the diffuse type in 22.6 and 22.4% of the @entity1 (P<0.001). Of all @entity1 , only 8.5 and 12.7% presented with stage III/IV according to OLGA and OLGIM, respectively. However, data for OLGA and OLGIM staging were only available in 61.2 and 67.9% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: GOJ1 are less likely to be associated with gastric pathology compared with GOJ3 or nonjunctional @entity356 . OLGA or OLGIM staging in @entity1 with @entity5 seems to be of limited value.

title: @entity420 at different positions at the gastro-oesophageal junction show distinct association with XXXX and gastric @entity1613 .

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity420 at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) are currently stratified by @entity5 location. This retrospective study examines the association of @entity1613 and @entity356 at different locations and compares them with nonjunctional @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 520 @entity1 with junctional and nonjunctional @entity356 were assessed for the presence and degree of @entity1944 , glandular @entity194 and @entity32 in the stomach. Histopathological data were complete for 428 @entity1 (68.9% @entity1 , median age 67.7 years), including 172 @entity1 with @entity5 (GOJ1: 1-5   cm proximal to the junction, GOJ2: 'true' junctional, GOJ3: 2-5   cm distal to the junction). @entity356 and @entity1613 were scored according to the updated Sydney classification and further stratified into respective operative link on @entity3621 assessment (OLGA) and operative link on @entity3621 assessment on @entity1944 (OLGIM) stages. RESULTS: The prevalence and degree of @entity356 and @entity1944 were significantly lower in GOJ1 than GOJ3 (P<0.01). @entity1613 in the stomach were similar in GOJ3 compared with nonjunctional @entity356 . GOJ1 were almost exclusively (98.4%) of the intestinal type, whereas GOJ2 and GOJ3 were the diffuse type in 22.6 and 22.4% of the @entity1 (P<0.001). Of all @entity1 , only 8.5 and 12.7% presented with stage III/IV according to OLGA and OLGIM, respectively. However, data for OLGA and OLGIM staging were only available in 61.2 and 67.9% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: GOJ1 are less likely to be associated with gastric pathology compared with GOJ3 or nonjunctional @entity356 . OLGA or OLGIM staging in @entity1 with @entity5 seems to be of limited value.

title: @entity420 at different positions at the gastro-oesophageal junction show distinct association with @entity3621 and gastric XXXX .

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['preneoplastic conditions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: @entity46098 (LM), @entity356 , is a safe antispasmodic agent used during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, it seems to affect gastric mucosal endoscopic findings. Therefore, we evaluated whether LM causes specific changes and impacts the endoscopic morphology of @entity1819 . @entity1 and methods: A total of 98 @entity1 scheduled to undergo EGD were randomly assigned to receive LM solution (160mg of 0.8% LM added to 2.5mL of indigo carmine [IC]; n=49; LM group) or decuple-diluted IC solution without LM (n=49; placebo group). We compared the incidence of specific mucosal changes and the difference in the endoscopic findings of several @entity1819 between these groups. Results: Annular-reticular - like mucosal changes appeared immediately after the administration of LM solution. This change was observed in 71.4% of the LM group compared with 12.2% of the placebo group (P<0.01). In the placebo group, this change was observed in 14.7% of subjects with @entity4726 compared with 6.7% of those without @entity4726 (P=0.39), whereas in the LM group, this change was observed in 84.8% of subjects with @entity4726 compared with 43.8% of those without @entity4726 (P<0.01). Most early @entity356 , @entity2681 , and @entity1066 observed in this study became well demarcated after LM administration, although the incidence of @entity1819 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: LM changes the gastric mucosa into @entity4 , and this occurs more frequently in @entity356 than in pathologic lesions. LM may facilitate the demarcation of pathologic @entity1819 without intestinal metaplasia.

title: XXXX sprayed on gastric mucosa causes @entity4 change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous mucosa']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['sprayed on the distal gastric mucosa', 'atrophic gastric mucosa', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity46098 :: (CHEBI:15409,Chemical) :: ['l-Menthol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: @entity46098 (LM), @entity356 , is a safe antispasmodic agent used during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, it seems to affect gastric mucosal endoscopic findings. Therefore, we evaluated whether LM causes specific changes and impacts the endoscopic morphology of @entity1819 . @entity1 and methods: A total of 98 @entity1 scheduled to undergo EGD were randomly assigned to receive LM solution (160mg of 0.8% LM added to 2.5mL of indigo carmine [IC]; n=49; LM group) or decuple-diluted IC solution without LM (n=49; placebo group). We compared the incidence of specific mucosal changes and the difference in the endoscopic findings of several @entity1819 between these groups. Results: Annular-reticular - like mucosal changes appeared immediately after the administration of LM solution. This change was observed in 71.4% of the LM group compared with 12.2% of the placebo group (P<0.01). In the placebo group, this change was observed in 14.7% of subjects with @entity4726 compared with 6.7% of those without @entity4726 (P=0.39), whereas in the LM group, this change was observed in 84.8% of subjects with @entity4726 compared with 43.8% of those without @entity4726 (P<0.01). Most early @entity356 , @entity2681 , and @entity1066 observed in this study became well demarcated after LM administration, although the incidence of @entity1819 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: LM changes the gastric mucosa into @entity4 , and this occurs more frequently in @entity356 than in pathologic lesions. LM may facilitate the demarcation of pathologic @entity1819 without intestinal metaplasia.

title: @entity46098 sprayed on gastric mucosa causes XXXX change.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edematous']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improvised explosive devices are a common feature of recent asymmetric conflicts and there is a persistent landmine threat to military and humanitarian personnel. Assessment of injury risk to the spine in vehicles subjected to explosions was conducted using a standardized model, the Dynamic Response Index (DRI). However, the DRI was intended for evaluating aircraft ejection seats and has not been validated in blast conditions. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We asked whether the injury patterns seen in blast are similar to those in aircraft ejection and therefore whether a single injury prediction model can be used for both situations. METHODS: UK military victims of mounted blast (seated in a vehicle) were identified from the Joint Theatre @entity130 Registry. Each had their initial CT scans reviewed to identify @entity174 . A literature search identified a comparison population of ejected aircrew with @entity174 . Seventy-eight blast victims were identified with 294 @entity174 . One hundred eighty-nine @entity1 who had sustained aircraft ejection were identified with 258 @entity174 . The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the population injury distributions and Fisher's exact test was used to assess differences at each spinal level. RESULTS: The distribution of injuries between blast and ejection was not similar. In the cervical spine, the relative risk of injury was 11.5 times higher in blast; in the lumbar spine the relative risk was 2.9 times higher in blast. In the thoracic spine, the relative risk was identical in blast and ejection. At most individual vertebral levels including the upper thoracic spine, there was a higher risk of @entity3614 , but the opposite was true between T7 and T12, where the risk was higher in aircraft ejection. CONCLUSIONS: The patterns of injury in blast and aircraft are different, suggesting that the two are mechanistically dissimilar. At most vertebral levels there is a higher relative risk of @entity174 in the blast population, but at the apex of the thoracic spine and in the lower thoracic spine, there is a higher risk in ejection victims. The differences in relative risk at different levels, and the resulting overall different injury patterns, suggest that a single model cannot be used to predict the risk of injury in ejection and blast. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A new model needs to be developed to aid in the design of mine-protected vehicles for future conflicts.

title: XXXX in the Spine: Dynamic Response Index Is Not an Appropriate Model for Predicting Injury.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the blast population']

answer: @entity3614 :: (MESH:D001753,Disease) :: ['Blast Injury']


abstract: The transient kinetics under single turnover conditions of the dimeric enzyme @entity1641 liver @entity167 dehydrogenase (LADH) are often biphasic with nearly equal amplitudes in the fast and slow components of the reaction. These observations have been the basis for the suggestion that this enzyme displays half of the sites reactivity or kinetic site-site interactions in its catalytic cycle [Bernhard, S.A., Dunn, M.F., Luisi, P.L., _ Shack, P. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 185]. Alternatively, the biphasic kinetics could be the result of a complex mechanistic path at a single site with no kinetic interactions between the active sites [Kvassman, J., _ Pettersson, G. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 62, 279; Kvassman, J., _ Pettersson, G. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 87, 417]. To resolve this question, we have prepared LADH in which one of the two active sites is occupied by the strongly bound, slowly exchanging ternary complex inhibitors @entity2125 with @entity23054 or @entity2125 with @entity12905 . These half-inhibited dimers show essentially the same biphasic transient kinetics as the native enzyme. These results strongly support mechanisms in which the observed kinetics are a property of each independently functioning site of the dimer. The possibility of half of the sites reactivity or kinetic site-site interaction appears to be ruled out.

title: Biphasic transient kinetics are a property of a single site in @entity1641 liver XXXX dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The transient kinetics under single turnover conditions of the dimeric enzyme @entity1641 liver @entity167 dehydrogenase (LADH) are often biphasic with nearly equal amplitudes in the fast and slow components of the reaction. These observations have been the basis for the suggestion that this enzyme displays half of the sites reactivity or kinetic site-site interactions in its catalytic cycle [Bernhard, S.A., Dunn, M.F., Luisi, P.L., _ Shack, P. (1970) Biochemistry 9, 185]. Alternatively, the biphasic kinetics could be the result of a complex mechanistic path at a single site with no kinetic interactions between the active sites [Kvassman, J., _ Pettersson, G. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 62, 279; Kvassman, J., _ Pettersson, G. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 87, 417]. To resolve this question, we have prepared LADH in which one of the two active sites is occupied by the strongly bound, slowly exchanging ternary complex inhibitors @entity2125 with @entity23054 or @entity2125 with @entity12905 . These half-inhibited dimers show essentially the same biphasic transient kinetics as the native enzyme. These results strongly support mechanisms in which the observed kinetics are a property of each independently functioning site of the dimer. The possibility of half of the sites reactivity or kinetic site-site interaction appears to be ruled out.

title: Biphasic transient kinetics are a property of a single site in XXXX liver @entity167 dehydrogenase.

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bouveret's Syndrome is a rare cause of @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ) caused by a @entity5990 which has migrated into the duodenal bulb from a bilioduodenal fistula. It is an uncommon condition and only a few cases have been reported in the medical literature till to date. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 45 year old @entity1 who presented to us with recurrent @entity158 in the upper abdomen for the last 8 years, and that progressed to develop symptoms of @entity1084 . An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed duodenal ulceration with a stony hard lesion in the first part of duodenum. An contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen performed later confirmed the presence of @entity4570 and a @entity5990 in proximal jejunum. DISCUSSION: @entity244 is a case of @entity1084 caused by the impaction of a @entity5990 in the duodenum as a result of a @entity4570 . It constitutes 1-3% of cases of @entity5990 ileus which in turn complicates only 0.3-4% cases of cholelithisasis. @entity244 is managed surgically. CONCLUSION: @entity244 being an uncommon condition may pose a difficulty in diagnosis and dilemma in managing such @entity1 . An awareness is hence essential.

title: A rare presentation of XXXX ( @entity1084 ) - The @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['large gall stone', 'gall-stone', 'gall stone']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction', 'GOO', 'Gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Bouveret's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystoduodenal fistula']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bouveret's Syndrome is a rare cause of @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ) caused by a @entity5990 which has migrated into the duodenal bulb from a bilioduodenal fistula. It is an uncommon condition and only a few cases have been reported in the medical literature till to date. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 45 year old @entity1 who presented to us with recurrent @entity158 in the upper abdomen for the last 8 years, and that progressed to develop symptoms of @entity1084 . An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed duodenal ulceration with a stony hard lesion in the first part of duodenum. An contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen performed later confirmed the presence of @entity4570 and a @entity5990 in proximal jejunum. DISCUSSION: @entity244 is a case of @entity1084 caused by the impaction of a @entity5990 in the duodenum as a result of a @entity4570 . It constitutes 1-3% of cases of @entity5990 ileus which in turn complicates only 0.3-4% cases of cholelithisasis. @entity244 is managed surgically. CONCLUSION: @entity244 being an uncommon condition may pose a difficulty in diagnosis and dilemma in managing such @entity1 . An awareness is hence essential.

title: A rare presentation of @entity1084 ( XXXX ) - The @entity244 .

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['GOO']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bouveret's Syndrome is a rare cause of @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ) caused by a @entity5990 which has migrated into the duodenal bulb from a bilioduodenal fistula. It is an uncommon condition and only a few cases have been reported in the medical literature till to date. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 45 year old @entity1 who presented to us with recurrent @entity158 in the upper abdomen for the last 8 years, and that progressed to develop symptoms of @entity1084 . An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed duodenal ulceration with a stony hard lesion in the first part of duodenum. An contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen performed later confirmed the presence of @entity4570 and a @entity5990 in proximal jejunum. DISCUSSION: @entity244 is a case of @entity1084 caused by the impaction of a @entity5990 in the duodenum as a result of a @entity4570 . It constitutes 1-3% of cases of @entity5990 ileus which in turn complicates only 0.3-4% cases of cholelithisasis. @entity244 is managed surgically. CONCLUSION: @entity244 being an uncommon condition may pose a difficulty in diagnosis and dilemma in managing such @entity1 . An awareness is hence essential.

title: A rare presentation of @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ) - The XXXX .

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Bouveret's syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While left sided @entity1049 is common in Western countries, right sided @entity1049 is rare. With increasing migration from Asia, many western countries including Australia, are now seeing more right sided @entity66 , of which @entity4436 is the commonest. This study aims to determine the incidence of @entity4436 in @entity1 presenting with @entity12127 , as well as identify the symptoms and clinical features that may aid in making a pre-operative diagnosis. METHODS: Data was collected using the Queen Elizabeth II Hospital medical records database identifying @entity1 diagnosed with @entity12127 and, more specifically, those with @entity4436 from January 2007 to December 2013. Only those @entity1 who had confirmed @entity4436 on imaging studies or at laparoscopy on their first admission were included in this study. RESULTS: A total of 632 @entity1 with @entity12127 were admitted to our institution over a seven-year period, of which 13 @entity1 had @entity4436 (2.06%). Of the 13 @entity1 , twelve were of Asian background and ten were considered young ( <=50 years of age). The main complaints were right sided @entity490 (n  =  11, 84.6%) and @entity294 (n  =  5, 38.5%). Nine were diagnosed using computed tomography (n  =  9/10, 90%), three on laparoscopy and one using ultrasound (n  =  1/2, 50%). Ten @entity1 were treated successfully by conservative means. DISCUSSION: A high index of suspicion in Asian @entity1 with atypical symptoms of @entity698 , especially @entity294 , may provide the diagnosis of @entity4436 .

title: Caecal XXXX : Presentation and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['caecal diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticular disease']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['diverticulitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study is the first to examine the effectiveness and @entity137 of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) abutting the vasculature. Specifically, we aim to assess the role of IMRT in @entity1 with @entity1419 undergoing null-margin (no real resection margin) resection. METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1419 adherent to major blood vessels were included in this retrospective study. Null-margin resection was performed on all @entity1 ; 14 @entity1 were further treated with IMRT. The median radiation dose delivered was 56.8 Gy (range, 50-60 Gy). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 24.6 months, the median OS and DFS of all @entity1 (n=38) were 17.7 months (95% CI, 13.2-22.2) and 9.9 months (95% CI, 2.8-17.0), respectively. Median OS was 21.8 months (95% CI, 15.5-28.1) among the 14 @entity1 in the postoperative IMRT group and 15.0 months (95% CI, 9.2-20.9) among the 24 @entity1 in the surgery-only group (P=0.049). Median DFS was 12.5 months (95% CI, 6.8-18.2) in the postoperative IMRT group and 5.5 months (95% CI, 0.7-12.3) in the surgery-only group (P=0.081). IMRT was well-tolerated. Acute @entity137 included one case of Grade 3 @entity1431 ; late @entity137 included one case of asymptomatic duodenal ulcer discovered through endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that postoperative IMRT is a safe and effective treatment option following null-margin resections of @entity1419 . Larger prospective and randomized trials are necessary to establish postoperative IMRT as a standard practice for the treatment of @entity1419 adherent to major hepatic vessels.

title: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy following null-margin resection is associated with improved survival in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As signal molecules produced within the plant, phytohormones (plant hormones) control plant growth and development through the regulation of gene expression. They play also a crucial role in the regulation of cellular activities including elongation, cell division and differentiation, organogenesis, pattern formation, reproduction and responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, @entity2271 and @entity1786 are five classic phytohormones that had been discovered by the middle of the twentieth century, while @entity30861 , @entity11406 , jasmonates and salicylates are of more recently characterized @entity34655 . Interaction between different phytohormone pathways is essential in coordinating tissue outgrowth in response to environmental changes. In the past decades, hormone research has focused on elucidating signal transduction pathways from hormone perception to response. Such efforts have been well paid off by recent discoveries of almost all receptors for major classes of phytohormones. While receptors and pathways for individual hormones are being illustrated, growing evidence suggests that these signaling pathways are interconnected in a complex network. In these pathways, phytohormones not only coordinate fundamental developmental cues, but also convey environmental inputs by means of synergistic or antagonistic actions referred to as signaling crosstalk. Focusing on hormone action and crosstalk, this work suggested concentrating on phytohormones signaling, particularly cytokinin crosstalk with other hormones, in various plants. Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are also elucidated regarding the dramatic recent progress in understanding the cytokinin-other phytohormones crosstalk.

title: XXXX Crosstalk Research: Cytokinin And Its Crosstalk With Other Phytohormones.

entities_list: @entity34655 :: ('CHEBI:37848', 'Chemical') :: ['phytohormones']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity11406 :: ('MESH:D060406', 'Chemical') :: ['brassinosteroids']

entities_list: @entity30861 :: ('CHEBI:68487', 'Chemical') :: ['strigolactones']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity34655 :: (CHEBI:37848,Chemical) :: ['Phytohormone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We described herein a @entity1 who presented an overlap syndrome of @entity11657 ( @entity11657 ) and childhood-onset @entity1252 (c- @entity1252 ). A 9-year-old @entity1 presented tender subcutaneous nodules on feet, arterial @entity101 , @entity1158 and dysarthric speech. She was hospitalized due to @entity64 and left foot drop. Brain computer tomography showed @entity385 . Magnetic resonance angiography revealed @entity850 in the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. Electroneuromyography identified a mononeuropathy of left posterior tibial nerve and she fulfilled the @entity11657 validated criteria. She was treated with intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy followed by @entity229 , that was progressively tapered, six months of intravenous @entity786 and after that she received @entity500 for 19 months. At the age of 14 years and 9 months, she presented @entity1910 , photosensitivity, @entity4 in lower limbs and arterial @entity101 . The @entity644 was 1.7g/day. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were 1/1280 (homogeneous nuclear pattern) and anti-dsDNA antibodies were positive. Renal biopsy showed focal proliferative and @entity631 . Therefore, she fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for @entity1252 and she was treated with @entity229 , @entity6383 and @entity618 . In conclusion, we described herein a possible overlap syndrome of two @entity792 , where @entity11657 occurred five years before the c- @entity1252 diagnosis.

title: [Childhood-onset systemic polyarteritis nodosa and XXXX : an overlap syndrome?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['c-PAN', 'childhood-onset systemic polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is now common in Thailand with an increase in incidence over time. Health authorities are planning to implement a nationwide @entity14 screening program using @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) as a primary screening tool. This study aimed to estimate preferences and acceptance of @entity1241 and colonoscopy, explore factors influencing the acceptance, and investigate reasons behind choosing and rejecting to screen before the program was implemented. @entity1 aged 50-69, visiting the primary care unit during the study period, were invited to join this study. @entity1 with a history of @entity5 or past @entity14 screening were excluded. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Subjects were informed about @entity14 and the screening tests: @entity1241 and colonoscopy. Then, they were asked for their opinions regarding the screening. The total number of subjects was 437 (86.7% response rate). Fifty-eight percent were females. The median age was 58 years. @entity1241 was accepted by 74.1% of subjects compared to 55.6% for colonoscopy. The acceptance of colonoscopy was associated with perceived susceptibility to @entity14 and family history of @entity5 . No symptoms, unwilling to screen, healthy, too busy and anxious about diagnosis were reasons for refusing to screen. @entity1241 was preferred for its simplicity and non-invasiveness compared with colonoscopy. Those rejecting @entity1241 expressed a strong preference for colonoscopy. Subjects chose colonoscopy because of its accuracy; it was refused for the process and complications. If the screening program is implemented for the entire target population in Thailand, we estimate that 106,546 will have a positive @entity1241 , between 8,618 and 12,749 identified with advanced @entity652 and between 2,645 and 3,912 identified with @entity14 in the first round of the program.

title: Preferences and acceptance of XXXX screening in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'fecal immunochemical test']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) presents with primary skeletal manifestations such as tall stature, chest wall abnormality, and @entity1635 . These primary skeletal manifestations affect the growth pattern in @entity1614 . Therefore, it is not appropriate to use normal growth charts to evaluate the growth status of @entity1614 . We aimed to develop disease-specific growth charts for @entity1614 @entity1 and to use these growth charts for understanding the growth patterns in @entity1614 and managing of @entity1 with @entity1614 . Anthropometric data were available from 187 males and 152 females with @entity1614 through a retrospective review of medical records. Disease-specific growth charts were generated and 3, 25, 50, 75, and 97 percentiles were calculated using the LMS (refers to   ,  , and   , respectively) smoothing procedure for height and weight. Comparisons between @entity1614 @entity1 and the general population were performed using a one-sample t-test. With regard to the height, the 50th percentile of @entity1614 is above the normative 97th percentile in both genders. With regard to the weight, the 50 percentile of @entity1614 is above the normative 75th percentile in male and between the normative 50th percentile and the 75th percentile in female. The disease-specific growth charts for Korean @entity1 with @entity1614 can be useful for monitoring growth patterns, planning the timing of growth-reductive therapy, predicting adult height and recording responses to growth-reductive therapy.

title: Disease-specific Growth Charts of Marfan Syndrome XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Korean MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complication rate and its impact in @entity1 who have undergone upper abdominal surgery for treatment of advanced @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 who have undergone upper abdominal surgery including diaphragm surgery, splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, gastric resection, liver resection and biliary surgery were considered for the study. Perioperative complications were evaluated and graded according to Clavien-Dindo. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty one @entity1 were included. Two hundred and twelve surgical procedures were performed. Thirty-six @entity1 reported at least one complication, but 61.1% of these the complication was mild. Median hospital stay for @entity1 with and without complication was 7 vs. 13days respectively (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between post-operative hospital stay and the total number of surgical procedures (R=0.445, p<0.001). At multivariate analysis, diaphragmatic resection and pancreatic resection were associated with a significant increase of postoperative hospital stay, furthermore diaphragmatic resection (p=0.004), hepatic resection (p=0.004), pancreatectomy (p=0.011) and biliary surgery (p=0.049) were independent predictors of severe (G3-G4) complication. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of complications of @entity1 submitted to upper abdominal surgery for @entity43 is acceptable. Prediction of severe complications is the goal for its optimal management. Extensive procedures should be avoided with those @entity1 in which optimal @entity41 could not be reached.

title: Predictors of postoperative morbidity after cytoreduction for advanced XXXX : Analysis and management of complications in upper abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4924 ( @entity4924 ) is commonly associated with @entity955 ( @entity955 ), which adversely affects outcome. Surgical ablation of @entity955 during surgery for @entity4924 has been shown to be effective, but the optimal lesion set remains unknown. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2010, 86 @entity1 had corrective surgery for @entity4924 and concomitant maze procedure for associated @entity955 . Median age at operation was 40 years (range, 1 to 72 years), and 49 @entity1 (60%) were male. Preoperative @entity955 was paroxysmal in 43 @entity1 (50%). All @entity1 who had diagnosis of or treatment for accessory pathways and reentrant @entity591 were excluded from this analysis. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent tricuspid valve surgery for @entity4924 and concomitant maze procedure, including right-sided maze (RSM) in 62 @entity1 (72%) and biatrial maze (BAM) in 24 @entity1 (28%). Early mortality occurred in 3 @entity1 (3.5%). During median follow-up of 52 months (range, 3 months to 17 years), overall freedom from @entity955 without antiarrhythmic medications was 79% (RSM, 80% versus BAM, 76%; p  = 0.97). Although there was no difference in rhythm outcome between RSM and BAM for @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 (p  = 0.08), there was a trend toward higher freedom from AF without antiarrhythmic medications in @entity1 with persistent @entity955 for BAM (86%) versus RSM (71%; p  = 0.053). Overall, there were no late @entity64 , and 84% were free from sodium warfarin anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, surgical ablation of preoperative @entity955 is effective in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity4924 . Although rhythm outcome of RSM and BAM did not differ in @entity1 with preoperative paroxysmal @entity955 , those with persistent or permanent @entity955 may benefit from a @entity75 set.

title: Optimal Surgical Ablation of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias During Correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['biatrial lesion']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AFl/F', 'atrial flutter or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein anomaly', 'EA']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein Anomaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background     Mumijo (shilajit) has been well known in traditional medicine as a remedy for a number of diseases, such as @entity174 , @entity130 , @entity32 , and @entity10 . It is also widely used as an analgesic agent in folk medicine, but no scientific documentation exists concerning that effect. Objective     The current study was conducted to evaluate the ability of mumijo to reduce sensitivity to painful stimuli when compared with @entity1286 and @entity3522 . Methods     A total of 176 animals were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups with 88 @entity19 each-one for @entity406 test and the other for writhing test. For each test, the animals were allocated into 10 equal groups, based on the dosage of the analgesic, plus a negative control group, with 8 @entity19 in each group. Intervention     The analgesic effect of mumijo extract in doses of 0.75, 7.5, 75, and 750 mg/kg was assessed and compared witha group receiving distilled water-the negative control group, and that for groups receiving 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg of @entity1286 or 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of @entity3522 -the positive control groups. Results     The results showed a significant decrease in @entity158 intensity for all @entity19 receiving doses of mumijo extract during a 1-h @entity406 test when compared with the distilled water group. For all the mumijo groups except the one receiving 750 mg/kg, the analgesic effect was significantly lower than that for the @entity1286 group receiving 4 mg/kg. No significant differences existed between all mumijo and all @entity3522 groups. In a writhing test, a significant inhibition of the @entity158 response induced by @entity1543 also occurred in all 4 mumijo-administered groups as opposed to the group receiving distilled water. No significant differences existed between the writhing response in groups receiving 75 and 750 mg/kg of mumijo and any doses of @entity3522 or @entity1286 . The comparison among the different doses of mumijo in the @entity406 test did not show any significant differences, but in the writhing test, the maximum dose showed a more effective analgesic action. Conclusion     The findings indicated a significant analgesic effect for mumijo extract on @entity1118 in @entity19 , occurring in a dose-independent manner.

title: Mumijo Attenuates Chemically Induced Inflammatory XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'sodium diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background     Mumijo (shilajit) has been well known in traditional medicine as a remedy for a number of diseases, such as @entity174 , @entity130 , @entity32 , and @entity10 . It is also widely used as an analgesic agent in folk medicine, but no scientific documentation exists concerning that effect. Objective     The current study was conducted to evaluate the ability of mumijo to reduce sensitivity to painful stimuli when compared with @entity1286 and @entity3522 . Methods     A total of 176 animals were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups with 88 @entity19 each-one for @entity406 test and the other for writhing test. For each test, the animals were allocated into 10 equal groups, based on the dosage of the analgesic, plus a negative control group, with 8 @entity19 in each group. Intervention     The analgesic effect of mumijo extract in doses of 0.75, 7.5, 75, and 750 mg/kg was assessed and compared witha group receiving distilled water-the negative control group, and that for groups receiving 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg of @entity1286 or 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg of @entity3522 -the positive control groups. Results     The results showed a significant decrease in @entity158 intensity for all @entity19 receiving doses of mumijo extract during a 1-h @entity406 test when compared with the distilled water group. For all the mumijo groups except the one receiving 750 mg/kg, the analgesic effect was significantly lower than that for the @entity1286 group receiving 4 mg/kg. No significant differences existed between all mumijo and all @entity3522 groups. In a writhing test, a significant inhibition of the @entity158 response induced by @entity1543 also occurred in all 4 mumijo-administered groups as opposed to the group receiving distilled water. No significant differences existed between the writhing response in groups receiving 75 and 750 mg/kg of mumijo and any doses of @entity3522 or @entity1286 . The comparison among the different doses of mumijo in the @entity406 test did not show any significant differences, but in the writhing test, the maximum dose showed a more effective analgesic action. Conclusion     The findings indicated a significant analgesic effect for mumijo extract on @entity1118 in @entity19 , occurring in a dose-independent manner.

title: Mumijo Attenuates Chemically Induced Inflammatory @entity158 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity616 reduces @entity158 scores compared to placebo in @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 refractory to drug therapy. METHODS: Subjects with chronic @entity2371 due to benign conditions and refractory to drug therapy were invited to participate in a randomized, double blind, superiority trial at a tertiary reference center. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive paraspinal anesthetic block with 1% @entity3303 without @entity1425 or placebo (control). @entity3303 was injected along the spinal process of the @entity158 segment in the supra- and interspinal ligaments using a 25G X 2" needle. Placebo consisted of introduction of the needle in the same segment without injecting any substance. The main outcome measured was the @entity158 score based on a visual analog scale at T0 (baseline), T1 (within 15 min after the procedure) and T2 (one week after the procedure). Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Mean age was similar for both groups, i.e., 51.2 (paraspinal anesthetic block) and 51.8 years (control). A blind examiner measured the degree of @entity158 according to the visual analog scale from 0 (no @entity158 ) to 10 ( @entity158 imaginable). Based on the visual analog scale, the mean @entity158 scores of the paraspinal anesthetic block group at T0, T1 and T2 were 5.50 (SD=2.92; 95%CI 3.84-7.15), 2.72 (SD=2.10; 95%CI 1.53-3.90), and 4.36 (SD=2.37; 95%CI 1.89-6.82), respectively. The difference between T0 and T1 was statistically significant, with p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Paraspinal anesthetic block had a small effect on visual analog scale @entity158 score immediately after the injections, but no sustained benefit after one week. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block with different @entity3303 doses for the treatment of @entity3825 of other causes.

title: Efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block in @entity1 with chronic XXXX refractory to drug therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal block']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity616 reduces @entity158 scores compared to placebo in @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 refractory to drug therapy. METHODS: Subjects with chronic @entity2371 due to benign conditions and refractory to drug therapy were invited to participate in a randomized, double blind, superiority trial at a tertiary reference center. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive paraspinal anesthetic block with 1% @entity3303 without @entity1425 or placebo (control). @entity3303 was injected along the spinal process of the @entity158 segment in the supra- and interspinal ligaments using a 25G X 2" needle. Placebo consisted of introduction of the needle in the same segment without injecting any substance. The main outcome measured was the @entity158 score based on a visual analog scale at T0 (baseline), T1 (within 15 min after the procedure) and T2 (one week after the procedure). Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Mean age was similar for both groups, i.e., 51.2 (paraspinal anesthetic block) and 51.8 years (control). A blind examiner measured the degree of @entity158 according to the visual analog scale from 0 (no @entity158 ) to 10 ( @entity158 imaginable). Based on the visual analog scale, the mean @entity158 scores of the paraspinal anesthetic block group at T0, T1 and T2 were 5.50 (SD=2.92; 95%CI 3.84-7.15), 2.72 (SD=2.10; 95%CI 1.53-3.90), and 4.36 (SD=2.37; 95%CI 1.89-6.82), respectively. The difference between T0 and T1 was statistically significant, with p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Paraspinal anesthetic block had a small effect on visual analog scale @entity158 score immediately after the injections, but no sustained benefit after one week. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block with different @entity3303 doses for the treatment of @entity3825 of other causes.

title: Efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block in XXXX with chronic @entity2371 refractory to drug therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early detection of an @entity166 incursion will minimize the impact of outbreaks in livestock. Syndromic surveillance based on the analysis of readily available data can enhance traditional surveillance systems and allow veterinary authorities to react in a timely manner. This study was based on monitoring the number of @entity291 carcasses sent for rendering in the veterinary unit of Talavera de la Reina (Spain). The aim was to develop a system to detect deviations from expected values which would signal unexpected health events. Historical weekly collected dead @entity291 (WCDC) time series stabilized by the Box-Cox transformation and adjusted by the minimum least squares method were used to build the univariate cycling regression model based on a Fourier transformation. Three different models, according to type of production system, were built to estimate the baseline expected number of WCDC. Two types of risk signals were generated: point risk signals when the observed value was greater than the upper 95% confidence interval of the expected baseline, and cumulative risk signals, generated by a modified cumulative sum algorithm, when the cumulative sums of reported @entity204 were above the cumulative sum of expected @entity204 . Data from 2011 were used to prospectively validate the model generating seven risk signals. None of them were correlated to @entity166 events but some coincided, in time, with very high climatic temperatures recorded in the region. The harvest effect was also observed during the first week of the study year. Establishing appropriate risk signal thresholds is a limiting factor of predictive models; it needs to be adjusted based on experience gained during the use of the models. To increase the sensitivity and specificity of the predictions epidemiological interpretation of non-specific risk signals should be complemented by other sources of information. The methodology developed in this study can enhance other existing early detection surveillance systems. Syndromic surveillance based on mortality monitoring can reduce the detection time for certain disease outbreaks associated with mild mortality only detected at regional level. The methodology can be adapted to monitor other parameters routinely collected at farm level which can be influenced by communicable diseases.

title: Syndromic surveillance system based on near real-time XXXX mortality monitoring.

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk scores for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) are in common use to integrate multiple cardiovascular risk factors in order to identify individuals at greatest risk for disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals at greater cardiovascular risk have T1 mapping indices by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) indicative of greater @entity296 . METHODS: @entity65 risk scores for 1208 subjects ( @entity1 , 50.8%) ages 55-94 years old were evaluated in the Multiethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) at six centers. T1 times were determined at 1.5Tesla before and after @entity2287 administration (0.15  mmol/kg) using a modified Look-Locker pulse sequence. The relationship between CMR measures (native T1, 12 and 25  minute post- @entity2287 T1, partition coefficient and extracellular volume fraction) and 14 established different cardiovascular risk scores were determined using regression analysis. Bootstrapping analysis with analysis of variance was used to compare different CMR measures. @entity65 risk scores were significantly different for @entity1 and @entity1 (p   <   0.001). RESULTS: 25  minute post @entity2287 T1 time showed more statistically significant associations with risk scores (10/14 scores, 71%) compared to other CMR indices (e.g. native T1 (7/14 scores, 50%) and partition coefficient (7/14, 50%) in @entity1 . Risk scores, particularly the new 2013 AHA/ASCVD risk score, did not correlate with any CMR @entity82 index. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with greater @entity65 risk had greater CMR indices of @entity296 . T1 times at greater delay time (25  minutes) showed better agreement with commonly used risk score indices compared to ECV and native T1 time. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org/, NCT00005487.

title: The association between cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of XXXX : the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk scores for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) are in common use to integrate multiple cardiovascular risk factors in order to identify individuals at greatest risk for disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if individuals at greater cardiovascular risk have T1 mapping indices by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) indicative of greater @entity296 . METHODS: @entity65 risk scores for 1208 subjects ( @entity1 , 50.8%) ages 55-94 years old were evaluated in the Multiethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) at six centers. T1 times were determined at 1.5Tesla before and after @entity2287 administration (0.15  mmol/kg) using a modified Look-Locker pulse sequence. The relationship between CMR measures (native T1, 12 and 25  minute post- @entity2287 T1, partition coefficient and extracellular volume fraction) and 14 established different cardiovascular risk scores were determined using regression analysis. Bootstrapping analysis with analysis of variance was used to compare different CMR measures. @entity65 risk scores were significantly different for @entity1 and @entity1 (p   <   0.001). RESULTS: 25  minute post @entity2287 T1 time showed more statistically significant associations with risk scores (10/14 scores, 71%) compared to other CMR indices (e.g. native T1 (7/14 scores, 50%) and partition coefficient (7/14, 50%) in @entity1 . Risk scores, particularly the new 2013 AHA/ASCVD risk score, did not correlate with any CMR @entity82 index. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with greater @entity65 risk had greater CMR indices of @entity296 . T1 times at greater delay time (25  minutes) showed better agreement with commonly used risk score indices compared to ECV and native T1 time. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org/, NCT00005487.

title: The association between cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of @entity82 : the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules that significantly impact many cellular processes and have been associated with almost every @entity1 @entity5 . Compared to protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes are often associated with transposable elements, particularly with endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). ERVs can have potentially deleterious effects on genome structure and function, so these elements are typically silenced in normal somatic tissues, albeit with varying efficiency. The aberrant regulation of ERVs associated with lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs), coupled with the diverse range of lncRNA functions, creates significant potential for ERV-lncRNAs to impact @entity5 biology. METHODS: We used RNA-seq analysis to identify and profile the expression of a novel lncRNA in six large cohorts, including over 7,500 samples from The @entity5 (TCGA). RESULTS: We identified the @entity5 -specific expression of a novel lncRNA that we have named Endogenous retroViral-associated @entity420 RNA or ' @entity71290 ', by analyzing RNA-seq data derived from @entity14 and matched normal control tissues. Subsequent analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data revealed the striking association of @entity71290 with @entity420 , which are @entity5 of glandular origin. Moderate to high levels of @entity71290 were detected in 25 to 53% of colon, rectal, lung, pancreas and @entity420 (mean   =   30 to 144 FPKM), and @entity71290 expression correlated with decreased @entity1 survival (Cox regression; hazard ratio   =   1.47, 95% confidence interval   =   1.06 to 2.04, P   =   0.02). In @entity5 sites of non-glandular origin, @entity71290 expression was detectable at only very low levels and in less than 10% of @entity1 . For @entity71290 , a MER48 ERV element provides an active promoter to drive its transcription. Genome-wide, MER48 insertions are associated with nine lncRNAs, but none of the MER48-associated lncRNAs other than @entity71290 were consistently expressed in @entity420 , demonstrating the specific activation of @entity71290 . The sequence and structure of the @entity71290 locus is highly conserved among Old World monkeys and apes but not New World monkeys or prosimians, where the MER48 insertion is absent. Conservation of the @entity71290 locus suggests a functional role for this novel lncRNA in @entity1 and our closest primate relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results describe the specific activation of a highly conserved ERV-lncRNA in numerous @entity5 of glandular origin, a finding with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.

title: Activation of an endogenous retrovirus-associated long non-coding RNA in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'stomach adenocarcinomas', 'ADenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules that significantly impact many cellular processes and have been associated with almost every @entity1 @entity5 . Compared to protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes are often associated with transposable elements, particularly with endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). ERVs can have potentially deleterious effects on genome structure and function, so these elements are typically silenced in normal somatic tissues, albeit with varying efficiency. The aberrant regulation of ERVs associated with lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs), coupled with the diverse range of lncRNA functions, creates significant potential for ERV-lncRNAs to impact @entity5 biology. METHODS: We used RNA-seq analysis to identify and profile the expression of a novel lncRNA in six large cohorts, including over 7,500 samples from The @entity5 (TCGA). RESULTS: We identified the @entity5 -specific expression of a novel lncRNA that we have named Endogenous retroViral-associated @entity420 RNA or ' @entity71290 ', by analyzing RNA-seq data derived from @entity14 and matched normal control tissues. Subsequent analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data revealed the striking association of @entity71290 with @entity420 , which are @entity5 of glandular origin. Moderate to high levels of @entity71290 were detected in 25 to 53% of colon, rectal, lung, pancreas and @entity420 (mean   =   30 to 144 FPKM), and @entity71290 expression correlated with decreased @entity1 survival (Cox regression; hazard ratio   =   1.47, 95% confidence interval   =   1.06 to 2.04, P   =   0.02). In @entity5 sites of non-glandular origin, @entity71290 expression was detectable at only very low levels and in less than 10% of @entity1 . For @entity71290 , a MER48 ERV element provides an active promoter to drive its transcription. Genome-wide, MER48 insertions are associated with nine lncRNAs, but none of the MER48-associated lncRNAs other than @entity71290 were consistently expressed in @entity420 , demonstrating the specific activation of @entity71290 . The sequence and structure of the @entity71290 locus is highly conserved among Old World monkeys and apes but not New World monkeys or prosimians, where the MER48 insertion is absent. Conservation of the @entity71290 locus suggests a functional role for this novel lncRNA in @entity1 and our closest primate relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results describe the specific activation of a highly conserved ERV-lncRNA in numerous @entity5 of glandular origin, a finding with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.

title: Activation of an endogenous retrovirus-associated long non-coding RNA in XXXX @entity420 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate of functional and cosmetic effectiveness of lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft in @entity1 with lagophthalmos due to @entity3541 . Material and Method. Ten @entity1 with a mean age of 55.1    19.77 years who underwent lower eyelid sling surgery with a fascia lata graft between September 2011 and January 2014 were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and postoperatively @entity1 were evaluated in terms of corneal epithelial defects, Schirmer's test, and @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ). Cosmetically, vertical eyelid aperture, margin reflex distances 1 and 2 ( @entity25796 and @entity34953 ) and scleral show were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. One @entity1 had @entity3541 on the right side whereas the other 9 @entity1 had @entity3541 on the left side. Preoperatively, 3 @entity1 were detected with @entity3283 , whereas 7 @entity1 were detected with persistent corneal epithelial defects localized in the lower half of the @entity267 . In the 3 @entity1 with preoperative @entity3283 , the @entity1066 recovered with corneal opacity, whereas in the 7 @entity1 with punctate epitheliopathy, postoperative corneal transparency was obtained. Discussion. Lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft is an effective technique for the repositioning of the lower eyelid and preventing the corneal complications.

title: Effectiveness of the Lower Eyelid Suspension Using Fascia Lata Graft for the Treatment of Lagophthalmos due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['TBUT', 'tear break-up time']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial Paralysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of @entity85 ( @entity85 ), including the contribution of septal spurs, with the severity of subjective symptoms, impairment of health-related quality of @entity33 in @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). One hundred seventeen @entity1 with @entity102 were assigned to three groups with mild, moderate or severe @entity85 , according to the measured nasal septal angle, including the presence of contact septal spurs. All @entity102 @entity1 completed the visual analog scale (VAS) symptom severity score and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire. Symptoms scores, SNOT-22 and Lund-Mackay (LM) scores among the three @entity85 groups were compared. Related anatomy from the study group was compared with 100 control @entity1 . VAS score for postnasal discharge in @entity102 @entity1 was significantly higher in @entity1 with mild @entity85 . There was a significantly higher LM score in @entity102 @entity1 with severe @entity85 , compared to those with mild (P  =  0.001) or moderate @entity85 (P  =  0.005). @entity102 @entity1 with a contact spur demonstrated a significantly higher LM score (P  =  0.006) compared to those without a contact spur, and no differences in VAS symptom scores or HRQoL scores. There was a similar prevalence of @entity85 in @entity102 @entity1 and in the non-ENT population. Our results support the conclusion that in @entity1 with @entity102 , associated @entity85 or contact septal spur do not contribute significantly to @entity102 symptom severity or @entity73 , but may have an impact on @entity33 .

title: Relationship between XXXX , symptoms and disease severity in @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL impairment']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['life (HRQoL) and sinus mucosal hyperplasia', 'sinus mucosal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['septal deformities', 'nasal septal deformity', 'NSD']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['nasal septal deformity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of @entity85 ( @entity85 ), including the contribution of septal spurs, with the severity of subjective symptoms, impairment of health-related quality of @entity33 in @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ). One hundred seventeen @entity1 with @entity102 were assigned to three groups with mild, moderate or severe @entity85 , according to the measured nasal septal angle, including the presence of contact septal spurs. All @entity102 @entity1 completed the visual analog scale (VAS) symptom severity score and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire. Symptoms scores, SNOT-22 and Lund-Mackay (LM) scores among the three @entity85 groups were compared. Related anatomy from the study group was compared with 100 control @entity1 . VAS score for postnasal discharge in @entity102 @entity1 was significantly higher in @entity1 with mild @entity85 . There was a significantly higher LM score in @entity102 @entity1 with severe @entity85 , compared to those with mild (P  =  0.001) or moderate @entity85 (P  =  0.005). @entity102 @entity1 with a contact spur demonstrated a significantly higher LM score (P  =  0.006) compared to those without a contact spur, and no differences in VAS symptom scores or HRQoL scores. There was a similar prevalence of @entity85 in @entity102 @entity1 and in the non-ENT population. Our results support the conclusion that in @entity1 with @entity102 , associated @entity85 or contact septal spur do not contribute significantly to @entity102 symptom severity or @entity73 , but may have an impact on @entity33 .

title: Relationship between @entity85 , symptoms and disease severity in XXXX .

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is not only a devastating disease, but also the most expensive @entity600 managed in the US. @entity580 ( @entity580 ) are common in neonates with @entity1699 . We examined the effects of @entity580 on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and costs for late preterm and term @entity1 with @entity1699 undergoing stage 1 palliation, at both individual @entity1 and hospital levels. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 35 weeks or greater gestation with @entity1699 , admitted to our institution January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2013. @entity1 with other @entity299 , major comorbid conditions, or perinatal infections were excluded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. To estimate the effects of reduced NBI incidence on resource utilization, predictive models were used. RESULTS: One hundred forty-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was 9.1% (n  = 13). @entity86 was observed in 12.6% (n  = 18). Median length of stay was 23 days for survivors (IQR, 17 to 40; range, 9 to 132). Median costs were  83,000 for survivors, in 2013 dollars (IQR,  62,000 to  123,000; range,  17,000 to  517,000). @entity580 were not associated with changes in mortality. In multivariable analyses, at a @entity1 level @entity580 were associated with a 74% increase in length of stay (95% confidence interval [CI], 31% to 132%, p < 0.001) and a 65% increase in costs (95% CI, 28% to 114%, p < 0.001). On a hospital level, in this cohort a 50% reduction in the incidence of @entity580 would be expected to yield a 4.3% decrease in average length of stay and a 3.8% decrease in average in- @entity1 costs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity580 in neonates with @entity1699 are associated with large increases in lengths of stay and costs on a @entity1 level, but not a hospital level. For hospitals without particularly high incidences, studies are needed to identify additional targets for quality improvement.

title: Neonatal XXXX : Effects of Bloodstream Infections on Outcomes and Costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['NBIs', 'Nosocomial bloodstream infections']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The best practice tariff for hip and knee replacement in the English @entity283 ( @entity283 ) rewards providers based on improvements in @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected before and after surgery. Providers only receive a bonus if at least 50% of their @entity1 complete the preoperative questionnaire. We determined how many providers failed to meet this threshold prior to the policy introduction and assessed longitudinal stability of participation rates. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using data from Hospital Episode Statistics and the national @entity4942 programme from April 2009 to March 2012. We calculated participation rates based on either (a) all @entity4942 records or (b) only those that could be linked to inpatient records; constructed confidence intervals around rates to account for sampling variation; applied precision weighting to allow for volume; and applied risk adjustment. SETTING: @entity283 hospitals and private providers in England. @entity1 : @entity283 @entity1 undergoing elective unilateral hip and knee replacement surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of providers with participation rates statistically significantly below 50%. RESULTS: Crude rates identified many providers that failed to achieve the 50% threshold but there were substantially fewer after adjusting for uncertainty and precision. While important, risk adjustment required restricting the analysis to linked data. Year-on-year correlation between provider participation rates was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: Participation rates have improved over time and only a small number of providers now fall below the threshold, but administering preoperative questionnaires remains problematic in some providers. We recommend that participation rates are based on linked data and take into account sampling variation.

title: Should English healthcare providers be penalised for failing to collect XXXX -reported outcome measures? A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NHS', 'National Health Service']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity944 among dialysis @entity1 is high, but end @entity703 was an exclusion criterion in the trials that demonstrated the benefit of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) for @entity944 prevention. METHODS: Dialysis @entity1 alive on January 2010 or starting dialysis between January 2010 and January 2013 were enrolled and retrospectively evaluated. @entity1 were divided into three groups: No-Indication, Indication-With @entity737 and Indication-Without @entity737 . Cox and Fine and Gray regression models were used to estimate the total and cause-specific (sudden or non-sudden) mortality hazard ratio (HR, HRcpRisk), respectively. Survival was defined as the time from start of dialysis to the time of @entity204 . RESULTS: 154/2072 @entity1 (7.4%) had indication for @entity737 implantation and 52 (33.8%) of them received the device; 688 (33.2%) deaths were recorded. Mortality was different among groups [Indication-With @entity737 vs No-Indication: HR 1.59 (95% CI 1.06-2.38) and Indication-Without @entity737 vs No-Indication: HR 2.67 (95% CI 2.09-3.39, p<0.001)]. 84/688 (12.2%) were @entity944 . The cumulative incidence of @entity944 was higher in @entity1 with @entity737 indication [Indication-With @entity737 vs No-Indication HRcpRisk 3.21 (95% CI 1.38-7.40) and Indication-Without @entity737 vs No-Indication: HRcpRisk 4.19 (95% CI 2.38-7.39), p<0.001], but also No-Indication @entity1 showed a high rate of @entity944 [8.5% (95% CI.6.5-10.9) at 8years of follow-up]. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis @entity1 with @entity737 indication had a worse survival than No-Indication subjects and the prognosis was particularly poor for the Indication-Without @entity737 group. @entity944 incidence was much higher than in the general population, even among No-Indication subjects.

title: Mortality, XXXX and indication for cardioverter defibrillator implantation in a dialysis population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death', 'sudden deaths', 'sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal disease']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest index clinical manifestation of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) predicts recurrence type. Data regarding the association between index manifestation and recurrence rates are conflicting. OBJECTIVES: To perform a meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to determine the type and frequency of recurrent @entity1211 (rVTE) in @entity1 after an index @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1 /METHODS: We searched bibliographic databases for @entity23 of acute (early) treatment of rVTE in @entity1 with an index @entity1150 or @entity1151 (  @entity1150 ), enrolling >=   50 subjects anticoagulated >=   3-months and reporting types of rVTE. We pooled (random-effects) the proportion of rVTEs that were DVTs, PEs, and fatal PEs, the proportion of recurrent PEs that were fatal, and absolute rVTE rates. RESULTS: In nine @entity23 (N  =  13  640; 413 rVTEs) evaluating @entity1 with an index @entity1151 ; 66% (95% CI, 60-72%) of rVTEs were @entity1151 and 27% (95% CI, 22-33%) were fatal @entity1151 . Among 25 @entity23 (N  =  17  340; 692 rVTEs) evaluating @entity1 with an index @entity1150 , 36% (95% CI, 29-44%) experienced a recurrent @entity1151 and 10% (95% CI, 7-13%) a fatal @entity1151 . Recurrent PEs following an index @entity1151 had a higher fatality rate than after an index @entity1150 (41%; 95% CI, 33-48% vs. 25%; 95% CI, 18-33%; P  =  0.007). The rVTE rate was higher following an index @entity1150 compared with a @entity1151 (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.6-3.8% vs. 4.9%; 95% CI, 4.0-6.0%; P  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests most rVTEs will be the same type as the index event. While index DVTs are associated with a higher rVTE rate than index PEs; recurrent PEs are associated with high fatality.

title: Index clinical manifestation of XXXX predicts early recurrence type and frequency: a meta-analysis of @entity23 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest index clinical manifestation of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) predicts recurrence type. Data regarding the association between index manifestation and recurrence rates are conflicting. OBJECTIVES: To perform a meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to determine the type and frequency of recurrent @entity1211 (rVTE) in @entity1 after an index @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). @entity1 /METHODS: We searched bibliographic databases for @entity23 of acute (early) treatment of rVTE in @entity1 with an index @entity1150 or @entity1151 (  @entity1150 ), enrolling >=   50 subjects anticoagulated >=   3-months and reporting types of rVTE. We pooled (random-effects) the proportion of rVTEs that were DVTs, PEs, and fatal PEs, the proportion of recurrent PEs that were fatal, and absolute rVTE rates. RESULTS: In nine @entity23 (N  =  13  640; 413 rVTEs) evaluating @entity1 with an index @entity1151 ; 66% (95% CI, 60-72%) of rVTEs were @entity1151 and 27% (95% CI, 22-33%) were fatal @entity1151 . Among 25 @entity23 (N  =  17  340; 692 rVTEs) evaluating @entity1 with an index @entity1150 , 36% (95% CI, 29-44%) experienced a recurrent @entity1151 and 10% (95% CI, 7-13%) a fatal @entity1151 . Recurrent PEs following an index @entity1151 had a higher fatality rate than after an index @entity1150 (41%; 95% CI, 33-48% vs. 25%; 95% CI, 18-33%; P  =  0.007). The rVTE rate was higher following an index @entity1150 compared with a @entity1151 (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.6-3.8% vs. 4.9%; 95% CI, 4.0-6.0%; P  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests most rVTEs will be the same type as the index event. While index DVTs are associated with a higher rVTE rate than index PEs; recurrent PEs are associated with high fatality.

title: Index clinical manifestation of @entity1211 predicts early recurrence type and frequency: a meta-analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomized controlled trials']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Both adalimumab [ADA] and infliximab [IFX] seem to be effective in the prevention of early postoperative endoscopic recurrence [EPER] after ileocaecal resection in @entity30 [ @entity30 ] @entity1 . There is lack of data with direct comparison between the two agents in the postoperative scenario. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of EPER in @entity1 treated with ADA and IFX after ileocaecal resection for @entity30 . METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of EPER rates in @entity30 @entity1 after ileocaecal resections, from seven referral centres in three countries. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as Rutgeerts' score >=  i2. The @entity1 were allocated according to treatment to two groups: ADA or IFX. The EPER rates were compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: Among the 168 @entity1 included in the database, 96 received anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor [TNF] agents after resection [37 in the ADA and 59 in the IFX groups] and were included in this comparative study. The groups were comparable in all baseline characteristics, mainly age, gender, previous resections, perianal @entity30 , and mono or combination therapy. EPER was identified in 9/37 [24.32%] in the ADA group vs 16/59 [27.12%] in the IFX group [p = 0.815]. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective direct comparison between ADA and IFX therapy after ileocaecal resection, there was no significant difference between the two anti-TNF agents in terms of EPER rates. However, prospective randomised studies are needed to confirm these data and better define the role of each agent in the prevention of EPER.

title: Direct retrospective comparison of adalimumab and infliximab in preventing early postoperative endoscopic recurrence after ileocaecal resection for XXXX : results from the MULTIPER database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['crohn's disease']


abstract: From 1977 to 1980, 21 second toes were transferred with microvascular anastomoses for @entity154 in 17 @entity1 . There have been no vascular failures. Four thumbs were reconstructed with very good functional and cosmetic results. Active motion of the transplanted toe is limited, and the functional results depend on the mobility and musculature of the metacarpal remnant. Growth has been continuous and at least equal to the other toe. Cosmetic results have been very good. It is essential to distinguish between @entity1 showing @entity3894 and those presenting @entity2907 . In the latter case, all structures are close to normal and the results are therefore better. Operative indications must be carefully appraised. If surgical intervention is decided upon, the ideal age is about 18 months, at which time the best integration of the toe is observed.

title: Toe transfers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hand defects']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic band "amputation" syndrome']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital hand defects']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over-expression of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway genes is associated with the prognosis of various types of @entity5 . However, effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes on recurrence and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 after surgery are still unknown. A total of 492 primary @entity157 @entity1 treated with surgery were included in this study. Nine SNPs in 3 genes ( @entity55069 , @entity21713 and @entity59934 ) of DNL pathway were genotyped. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to analyze the association of SNPs with clinical outcomes. Two SNPs in @entity55069 gene were significantly associated with overall survival of @entity157 @entity1 . @entity1 carrying homozygous variant genotype (VV) in @entity71291 had significantly increased risk of @entity204 , while @entity1 carrying VV genotype in @entity71292 had significant decreased risk of @entity204 , when compared with those carrying homozygous wild-type or heterozygous genotypes. Moreover, @entity1 carrying VV genotype in @entity71292 had decreased recurrence risk, while @entity1 carrying variant genotype in @entity71293 of @entity21713 gene had increased recurrence risk. Further cumulative effect analysis showed significant dose-dependent effects of unfavorable SNPs on both @entity204 and recurrence. SNPs in DNL genes may serve as independent prognostic markers for @entity157 @entity1 after surgery.

title: Genetic variants in de novo lipogenic pathway genes predict the prognosis of surgically-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['death of hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity131 represent the main cause of @entity204 and invalidity all over the world. @entity1 surviving a severe @entity131 often present long-term disabilities, @entity51 , cognitive, @entity146 . @entity1545 are directly caused by the traumatic agent, and indirectly caused by the action of cells involved in the restorative process. The main cells involved in the restorative process are microglias and astrocytes. By using an experimental model, we investigated the reaction of these cells in the first week after a severe @entity1545 , followed by @entity131 . Of the two cell types, the most rapid and intense reaction was held by the macroglias, also known as resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Alongside the activation of local microglias, in the restorative process there were also involved blood monocytes that turned into macrophages. 24 hours after the injury, the number of macrophage cells  mm   at brain wound level increased 2-4 times, after three days - 10-12 times, and after seven days - over 20 times. The astrocyte reaction was slower, their activation being signaled no sooner than three days from injury, when their number in the perilesional brain parenchyma increased approximately two times, while after seven days - approximately 4-5 times. Both astrocytes and macrophages (microglias), besides their beneficial effects in restoring traumatic @entity1545 , may have unfavorable effects upon the nervous cells in the immediate proximity of the injury. Destruction of vascular network by the traumatic agent, and the extremely slow restore of vascularization, partially explain brain neurons @entity204 on extend areas.

title: Study of restorative processes in @entity131 in the first seven days after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury', 'Brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic brain injuries', 'brain laceration', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative or mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensitive and motor deficits']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity131 represent the main cause of @entity204 and invalidity all over the world. @entity1 surviving a severe @entity131 often present long-term disabilities, @entity51 , cognitive, @entity146 . @entity1545 are directly caused by the traumatic agent, and indirectly caused by the action of cells involved in the restorative process. The main cells involved in the restorative process are microglias and astrocytes. By using an experimental model, we investigated the reaction of these cells in the first week after a severe @entity1545 , followed by @entity131 . Of the two cell types, the most rapid and intense reaction was held by the macroglias, also known as resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Alongside the activation of local microglias, in the restorative process there were also involved blood monocytes that turned into macrophages. 24 hours after the injury, the number of macrophage cells  mm   at brain wound level increased 2-4 times, after three days - 10-12 times, and after seven days - over 20 times. The astrocyte reaction was slower, their activation being signaled no sooner than three days from injury, when their number in the perilesional brain parenchyma increased approximately two times, while after seven days - approximately 4-5 times. Both astrocytes and macrophages (microglias), besides their beneficial effects in restoring traumatic @entity1545 , may have unfavorable effects upon the nervous cells in the immediate proximity of the injury. Destruction of vascular network by the traumatic agent, and the extremely slow restore of vascularization, partially explain brain neurons @entity204 on extend areas.

title: Study of restorative processes in XXXX in the first seven days after @entity131 .

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['brain laceration']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been isolated from adult and developing hearts using an anti-mouse @entity29467 antibody. However, the absence of a @entity1 @entity29467 homologue has hampered the clinical application of the CPCs. Therefore, we generated novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically raised against surface markers expressed by resident @entity1 CPCs. Here, we explored the suitability of one of these mAbs, mAb C19, for the identification, isolation and characterization of CPCs from fetal heart tissue and differentiating cultures of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS _ RESULTS: Using whole-cell immunization, mAbs were raised against @entity29467 + CPCs and screened for reactivity to various CPC lines by flow cytometry. mAb C19 was found to be specific for @entity29467 + CPCs, with high cell surface binding capabilities. mAb C19 stained small stem-like cells in cardiac tissue sections. Moreover, during differentiation of hESCs towards cardiomyocytes, a transient population of cells with mAb C19 reactivity was identified and isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Their cell fate was tracked and found to improve cardiomyocyte purity from hESC-derived cultures. mAb C19+ CPCs, from both hESC differentiation and fetal heart tissues, were maintained and expanded in culture, while retaining their CPC-like characteristics and their ability to further differentiate into cardiomyocytes by stimulation with @entity2533 . Finally, gene expression profiling of these mAb C19+ CPCs suggested a highly angiogenic nature, which was further validated by cell-based angiogenesis assays. CONCLUSION: mAb C19 is a new surface marker for the isolation of multipotent CPCs from both @entity1 heart tissues and differentiating hESCs.

title: mAb C19 targets a novel surface marker for the isolation of XXXX cardiac progenitor cells from @entity1 heart tissue and differentiated hESCs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been isolated from adult and developing hearts using an anti-mouse @entity29467 antibody. However, the absence of a @entity1 @entity29467 homologue has hampered the clinical application of the CPCs. Therefore, we generated novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically raised against surface markers expressed by resident @entity1 CPCs. Here, we explored the suitability of one of these mAbs, mAb C19, for the identification, isolation and characterization of CPCs from fetal heart tissue and differentiating cultures of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS _ RESULTS: Using whole-cell immunization, mAbs were raised against @entity29467 + CPCs and screened for reactivity to various CPC lines by flow cytometry. mAb C19 was found to be specific for @entity29467 + CPCs, with high cell surface binding capabilities. mAb C19 stained small stem-like cells in cardiac tissue sections. Moreover, during differentiation of hESCs towards cardiomyocytes, a transient population of cells with mAb C19 reactivity was identified and isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Their cell fate was tracked and found to improve cardiomyocyte purity from hESC-derived cultures. mAb C19+ CPCs, from both hESC differentiation and fetal heart tissues, were maintained and expanded in culture, while retaining their CPC-like characteristics and their ability to further differentiate into cardiomyocytes by stimulation with @entity2533 . Finally, gene expression profiling of these mAb C19+ CPCs suggested a highly angiogenic nature, which was further validated by cell-based angiogenesis assays. CONCLUSION: mAb C19 is a new surface marker for the isolation of multipotent CPCs from both @entity1 heart tissues and differentiating hESCs.

title: mAb C19 targets a novel surface marker for the isolation of @entity1 cardiac progenitor cells from XXXX heart tissue and differentiated hESCs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']