abstract: Eight @entity1 with advanced @entity320 were treated with high-dose melphalan (80-90 mg/m2) and BCNU (600-800 mg/m2). In all @entity1 autologous bone marrow preservation was performed prior to therapy. Bone marrow was stored for 48 h in a refrigerator at 10 degrees C and reinfused 48 h post-therapy. Three @entity1 had a complete response (CR), 1 a partial response and 4 @entity1 no response. Two @entity1 with CR died 4 and 5 months after therapy. One had an @entity401 and 1 @entity1 died from unknown cause. The third @entity1 had a relapse 12 months after therapy. Major side effects were severe @entity390 / @entity391 and a mild @entity33 . Two @entity1 suffered from BCNU-related @entity75 . All @entity1 had a full hematologic reconstitution after 6 weeks. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support achieves a high response rate. Long-term disease-free survival, however, was not seen with this approach.

title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Knowledge of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) bone changes has been derived primarily through cross-sectional studies, many of which are controvertible. Longitudinal studies are sparse, and long-term longitudinal chronic studies are unavailable. The objective of this study was to provide a clearer perception of @entity79 in @entity1 with complete @entity1566 . METHODS: Bone status of 31 individuals with chronic, complete @entity1566 was assessed twice using dual-energy xray absorptiometry at an average interval of 5.06 +/- 0.9 years. Because the sample of @entity1 was small (4), the primary analyses of change and comparisons of those with @entity451 vs @entity1688 were confined to the male @entity1 . RESULTS: Spine Z-scores showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001). The average Z-scores, initial and followup, were within the normal range. Hip Z-scores also showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001), and hip @entity79 ( @entity79 ) increased in 48% of the @entity1 . Knee @entity79 and lower extremity total bone mineral showed significant decreases (P < 0.003 and P < 0.02, respectively), but increases were seen in 33% and 26% at the respective sites. Individuals with @entity1688 had significantly lower values across all regions (P < 0.0001), and changes were significantly different compared with @entity451 (P < 0.0001). Bone values and changes in @entity1 vs @entity1 , despite the small sample of @entity1 , showed highly significant differences (P < 0.003-0.002). CONCLUSION: Chronic effects of complete @entity1566 do not exclusively result in continued loss of @entity79 or a static state of lowered @entity79 ; gain in @entity79 may occur. The nature and magnitude of the effects of complete @entity1566 on @entity79 vary by site, with sex and level of injury, which has implications for treatment and its assessment.

title: Five-year longitudinal bone evaluations in individuals with chronic complete XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['chronic longitudinal bone variations', 'bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: STUDY TYPE: Diagnosis (exploratory cohort). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between estimated @entity190 (EBL) and biochemical recurrence, assessed by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, as @entity190 is a long-standing concern associated with radical prostatectomy (RP), and no studies to date have examined the association between @entity190 and @entity5 control. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 1077 @entity1 were identified in the Shared Equal-Access Regional @entity5 Hospital database who underwent retropubic RP (between 1998 and 2008) and had EBL and follow-up data available. We examined the relationship between EBL and recurrence using multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Increased EBL was correlated with PSA recurrence in a multivariate-adjusted model (P = 0.01). When analysed by 500-mL EBL categories, those with an EBL of <1500 mL had a similar risk of recurrence. However, the risk of PSA recurrence tended to increase for an EBL of 1500-3499 mL, before decreasing again for @entity1 with an EBL of > or =3500 mL. @entity1 with an EBL of 2500-3499 mL had more than twice the risk of recurrence than @entity1 with an EBL of <1500 mL (P = 0.02). EBL was not associated with adverse @entity5 stage, grade or margin status. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between EBL at the time of RP and biochemical recurrence. We hypothesized that this association might be due to transfusion-related immunosuppression, excessive blood obscuring the operative field, EBL being a marker of @entity146 , or EBL being a marker of poor surgical technique. However, our data did not completely fit any one of these hypotheses, and thus the ultimate cause for the increased risk of recurrence remains unclear and requires further study.

title: Estimated XXXX as a predictor of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multi-item scales for monitoring @entity167 withdrawal reactions have been used since the 1970s, and since 1985 we have used a modified version of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) in our general hospitals. This study was conducted to determine whether a shorter version of the scale would prove easier to use without loss of accuracy. METHODS: A simultaneous 'crossover' clinical audit using two hospitals. The shortened scale was developed from the existing one, and had 10 items as opposed to the previous 18. The @entity1 were followed throughout their course and the incidences of complication, the frequency of sedation, the delay in initiating monitoring and the ease of use were recorded. RESULTS: There were 106 @entity1 managed with the old scale and 96 with the new. The rate of complication was not different, being 16% in @entity1 managed using the old scale and 14.5% using the new scale; the rates of sedation were 49 and 48%, respectively. @entity1 managed with the new scale had a shorter course with a median duration of 27.6 h compared with 40 h. The time from admission to first recording of a score was 5.4 h for the new scale and 4.8 h for the old, which is not a significant difference. Both scores were used according to instructions, but staff reported that the shortened scale was easier to use. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a shortened form of the CIWA @entity167 withdrawal scale works as well as the original and is simple to use.

title: Clinical use of a shortened XXXX withdrawal scale in a general hospital.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: AIMS: The endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) appears to work as a scavenger for AGEs and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity6 complications. The aim of the present study was to perform a longitudinal evaluation of esRAGE in young @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) in relation to the development of microalbuminuria ( @entity2704 ). METHODS: Serum esRAGE levels were measured in longitudinally collected blood samples from 49 @entity1723 @entity1 with @entity2704 ( @entity2704 +) and 49 matched normoalbuminuric @entity1 ( @entity2704 -), followed in the Oxford Regional Prospective Study. esRAGE levels were compared between @entity2704 + and @entity2704 - subjects in relation to the time of @entity2704 onset. RESULTS: Overall, esRAGE levels were significantly lower in @entity2704 + than in @entity2704 - subjects (0.727 +/- 0.396 vs. 0.936 +/- 0.433 ng/ml; P = 0.015). These differences between the two groups were present both before (0.725 +/- 0.410 vs. 0.956 +/- 0.505 ng/ml, P = 0.038) and after the onset of @entity2704 (0.750 +/- 0.433 vs. 0.948 +/- 0.418 ng/ml, P = 0.04). In a longitudinal analysis there was no effect of age, duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) or body mass index standard deviation scores on esRAGE levels (all P > 0.05). In a Cox model, esRAGE levels significantly contributed to the probability of developing @entity2704 [Exp(B)(95% confidence interval): 0.34(0.12-0.98); P = 0.04), independently of HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: In this longitudinal study of young @entity1 with @entity1723 , esRAGE levels were reduced in @entity2704 + subjects, even before the onset of @entity2704 , and appeared to be related to its development, thus suggesting a potential role of esRAGE in the pathogenesis of this complication. Diabet. Med. 26, 815-819 (2009).

title: Reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in young @entity1 with XXXX developing microalbuminuria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type 1 diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: The endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) appears to work as a scavenger for AGEs and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity6 complications. The aim of the present study was to perform a longitudinal evaluation of esRAGE in young @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) in relation to the development of microalbuminuria ( @entity2704 ). METHODS: Serum esRAGE levels were measured in longitudinally collected blood samples from 49 @entity1723 @entity1 with @entity2704 ( @entity2704 +) and 49 matched normoalbuminuric @entity1 ( @entity2704 -), followed in the Oxford Regional Prospective Study. esRAGE levels were compared between @entity2704 + and @entity2704 - subjects in relation to the time of @entity2704 onset. RESULTS: Overall, esRAGE levels were significantly lower in @entity2704 + than in @entity2704 - subjects (0.727 +/- 0.396 vs. 0.936 +/- 0.433 ng/ml; P = 0.015). These differences between the two groups were present both before (0.725 +/- 0.410 vs. 0.956 +/- 0.505 ng/ml, P = 0.038) and after the onset of @entity2704 (0.750 +/- 0.433 vs. 0.948 +/- 0.418 ng/ml, P = 0.04). In a longitudinal analysis there was no effect of age, duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) or body mass index standard deviation scores on esRAGE levels (all P > 0.05). In a Cox model, esRAGE levels significantly contributed to the probability of developing @entity2704 [Exp(B)(95% confidence interval): 0.34(0.12-0.98); P = 0.04), independently of HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: In this longitudinal study of young @entity1 with @entity1723 , esRAGE levels were reduced in @entity2704 + subjects, even before the onset of @entity2704 , and appeared to be related to its development, thus suggesting a potential role of esRAGE in the pathogenesis of this complication. Diabet. Med. 26, 815-819 (2009).

title: Reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in young XXXX with @entity1723 developing microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish @entity1 , @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity5 . The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about @entity0 and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and mammography in a group of @entity1 aged 20-64 in a rural area of western @entity233 . METHODS: 244 @entity1 were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of @entity0 form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 +/- 13.7. 49.2% of @entity1 were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the @entity1 in this study reported that they had heard or read about @entity0 , our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of @entity0 , half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of @entity0 knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the @entity0 and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). @entity0 performers among the study group were more likely to be @entity1 who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from @entity0 practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to @entity0 performance and possessed knowledge of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence @entity1 's @entity0 and mammography practice.

title: The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of @entity1 in a rural area in western XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BSE', 'breast self- examination']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish @entity1 , @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity5 . The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about @entity0 and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and mammography in a group of @entity1 aged 20-64 in a rural area of western @entity233 . METHODS: 244 @entity1 were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of @entity0 form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 +/- 13.7. 49.2% of @entity1 were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the @entity1 in this study reported that they had heard or read about @entity0 , our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of @entity0 , half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of @entity0 knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the @entity0 and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). @entity0 performers among the study group were more likely to be @entity1 who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from @entity0 practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to @entity0 performance and possessed knowledge of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence @entity1 's @entity0 and mammography practice.

title: The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of XXXX in a rural area in western @entity233 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: A great variety of different types of @entity17954 are referred to cardiac catheterization laboratories for diagnosis and @entity432 . In addition, a wide range of devices is available for treating them percutaneously. The objectives of this study were to assess the usefulness and difficulty of treating @entity17954 percutaneously using controlled-release coils or Amplatzer vascular plugs and to report on the complications and overall outcomes observed with these two devices. METHODS: Retrospective review of percutaneous embolizations performed from January 2004 through June 2008. RESULTS: In total, 51 @entity17954 in 30 @entity1 aged from 6 days to 28 years (mean, 8.4 years) underwent successful embolization. The underlying diagnoses were: 27 venous collaterals in 16 @entity1 after the Glenn procedure, four surgical (i.e. Blalock-Taussig) fistulas, 11 @entity2702 in three @entity1 , two aortopulmonary collateral arteries in two @entity1 , one venous collateral in a @entity1 who underwent the Fontan procedure, one @entity2009 in a @entity1 with @entity1700 , one @entity301 , three systemic @entity2548 in a newborn, and one fistula from the left atrium to the superior vena cava after the repair of @entity1700 . The lesions were treated percutaneously using 34 vascular plugs and 19 coils. CONCLUSIONS: @entity17954 can be occluded percutaneously with good RESULTS: Small fistulas can be closed using coils, while vascular plugs are preferable for large lesions. Both devices are highly effective as occluders and no particular difficulty or significant complication was observed.

title: Percutaneous XXXX using coils or Amplatzer vascular plugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous return', 'Scimitar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aortopulmonary artery fistula']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity17954 :: ('MESH:D016157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular fistula', 'vascular fistulas', 'Vascular fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2702 :: ('MESH:C562404', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity17954 :: (MESH:D016157,Disease) :: ['embolization of vascular fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, correlates and prospective impact of @entity4512 on physical and psychological function in a population health survey of elderly Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Four thousand @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Hong Kong took part in this study. A questionnaire to determine demographics, socio-economic status, medical history, smoking, @entity167 intake and level of physical activity was administered by an interviewer. @entity1 were asked about the presence of @entity158 in the back, neck, hip and knee in the past 12 months. They were re-interviewed after 4 years of follow-up to document physical performance measures, psychological function and occurrence of falls, @entity174 and mortality. RESULTS: Overall, back @entity158 was most prevalent (48%), followed by knee (31%), neck (22.5%) and hip (8.9%) @entity158 ; the values was nearly twice as high in @entity1 compared with @entity1 for all sites. The presence of @entity158 was not correlated with age, but was associated with various measures of socio-economic status as well as comorbidities. Baseline prevalence of @entity158 was related to physical performance and quality-of-life measures, and @entity174 incidence after 4 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity4512 is prevalent among elderly @entity1 and @entity1 , being much higher in the latter, giving rise to considerable functional and @entity73 . @entity170 and @entity571 are likely to be the main underlying causes. The condition may be considered part of the frailty syndrome, and in this context, prevention and management represent major public health challenges.

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in Chinese elderly and the impact on 4-year physical function and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychomotor retardation is a prominent clinical feature of @entity308 . While several studies investigated these deficits, differences between internally and externally triggered response selection and initiation are less well understood. In the current study, we delineate internally vs. externally driven response selection and initiation in @entity308 and their relation to @entity1155 . METHODS: 20 inpatients diagnosed with a (unipolar) @entity308 and 20 closely matched healthy controls performed a computerized motor paradigm assessing differences between internally and externally cued movements. Psychomotor performance and basic memory functions were assessed using a neuropsychological test-battery. To examine within group homogeneity a multivariate clustering approach was applied. RESULTS: @entity1 featured a global slowing of internally and externally cued response selection compared to controls, as well as impairments in @entity1155 . Yet, basic motor speed was preserved. Furthermore, @entity1 were more severely impaired when movements involved internal response selection. The data-driven clustering revealed two @entity1 subgroups, which both showed @entity1155 , while only one featured slowing of response selection. INTERPRETATION: The results suggest a differential rather than a global @entity1155 slowing in @entity308 with specific @entity73 as cognitive aspects of @entity1155 functioning. As found for @entity308 , in @entity191 internally cued movements are more severely affected than externally cued reactions. Both may therefore be caused by dopaminergic deregulation due to @entity51 . Finally, multivariate clustering of behavioral data may be a promising future approach to identify subtypes of @entity73 in different @entity1 populations.

title: Internally vs. externally triggered movements in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments of visuospatial and attentional processing', 'psychomotor or cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['frontostriatal deficits']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['basic psychomotor functioning', 'psychomotor', 'psychomotor disturbances']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychomotor retardation is a prominent clinical feature of @entity308 . While several studies investigated these deficits, differences between internally and externally triggered response selection and initiation are less well understood. In the current study, we delineate internally vs. externally driven response selection and initiation in @entity308 and their relation to @entity1155 . METHODS: 20 inpatients diagnosed with a (unipolar) @entity308 and 20 closely matched healthy controls performed a computerized motor paradigm assessing differences between internally and externally cued movements. Psychomotor performance and basic memory functions were assessed using a neuropsychological test-battery. To examine within group homogeneity a multivariate clustering approach was applied. RESULTS: @entity1 featured a global slowing of internally and externally cued response selection compared to controls, as well as impairments in @entity1155 . Yet, basic motor speed was preserved. Furthermore, @entity1 were more severely impaired when movements involved internal response selection. The data-driven clustering revealed two @entity1 subgroups, which both showed @entity1155 , while only one featured slowing of response selection. INTERPRETATION: The results suggest a differential rather than a global @entity1155 slowing in @entity308 with specific @entity73 as cognitive aspects of @entity1155 functioning. As found for @entity308 , in @entity191 internally cued movements are more severely affected than externally cued reactions. Both may therefore be caused by dopaminergic deregulation due to @entity51 . Finally, multivariate clustering of behavioral data may be a promising future approach to identify subtypes of @entity73 in different @entity1 populations.

title: Internally vs. externally triggered movements in XXXX with @entity308 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the patterns of substance use in newly admitted male and female South Australian prisoners using the WHO-ASSIST screening tool ( @entity167 , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) and observe the feasibility of using the ASSIST and associated Brief Intervention in this population. DATA SOURCES: Results of the first 518 prisoners screened using ASSIST in South Australian reception prisons. RESULTS: In the first 10 months of the implementation of the WHO ASSIST, 518 clients were assessed in the 3 metropolitan intake prisons in Adelaide, Australia. This represents 31% of all male and 35% of all female prisoners admitted over this period. Injecting drug use was reported in the previous 3 months by 55% of @entity1 and 51% of @entity1 . The six most common substances used at high and moderate risk levels, in order of prevalence (from high to low) in males were @entity286 , @entity835 , amphetamines, opiates, @entity167 , and sedatives. In @entity1 the order was @entity286 , @entity889 , @entity835 , opiates and sedatives equal, and @entity167 . Fifty percent of @entity1 and 33% of @entity1 were using four or more substances. Overall rates of substance use related risk amongst @entity1 coming into prison are slightly greater than for @entity1 . Accessing prisoners for screening within the first few days is difficult with 55% already being released or at court or other external appointments.

title: Substance use patterns in newly admitted male and female South Australian prisoners using the WHO-ASSIST ( XXXX , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test).

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 series. OBJECTIVES: To report a technique of odontoidectomy using a transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach for @entity75 in a long-term follow-up study. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity600 and old @entity130 usually cause compression of the high cervical spinal cord from a variety of different directions and angles, leading to high morbidity. The main objective of treatment is to relieve the anteroposterior compression and to restore the stability of the occipitocervical region. Currently, there are 2 approaches to perform the surgical procedure: (1) posterior decompression by suboccipital and occipitocervical fusion and internal fixation; and (2) decompression by a transoral approach to an odontoid resection. However, there are some short points, which need to be changed, such as the incomplete decompression (the former), narrow view, @entity5173 , and the high infection rates. METHODS: From 1999 to 2006, 23 @entity1 with @entity75 were treated using a transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach for decompression. The procedure included an expansion of the foramen magnum, a resection of the posterior arch of atlas, a lateral occipitocervical epidural exposure to the odontoid and the C2 vertebra, and an excision of the odontoid. Thus, an anteroposterior decompression and occipitocervical spinal fusion was achieved. Neurological function, daily living ability, and the work ability of @entity1 were assessed in a follow-up study. RESULTS: A 28-year-old @entity1 died of respiratory and @entity1457 10 hours after operation. The remaining @entity1 survived without @entity86 . The @entity16 in 17 @entity1 did not deteriorate, whereas 5 @entity1 had decreased sensation in the upper limbs, and the elbow flexor muscle strength in 2 @entity1 declined by 1 grade on the operation side. Short-term follow-up (3-6 mo, 22 cases) indicated that 19 @entity1 recovered normal sensation with decreased limb muscle tension. Motor function was improved by >1 grade (5 @entity1 with @entity86 recovered to preoperative levels or better). Long-term follow-up (>4 y) of 15 @entity1 (10 @entity1 by clinic visit and 5 @entity1 by correspondence) indicated that the occipitoatlantoaxial regions were stable without local discomfort or loss of nerve function. Fourteen @entity1 were able to care for themselves and some @entity1 regained their ability to work. One @entity1 felt no significant improvement after surgery and had no improvement in the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach to @entity75 provides a broad and sterile operating field to perform anteroposterior decompression and occipitocervical spinal fusion simultaneously. Neurological improvement is significant, and the long-term follow-up results are satisfactory.

title: A posterolateral approach to XXXX : a report of the long-term follow-up of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occipitoatlantoaxial ventral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nerve injury', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['occipitoatlantoaxial ventral lesions']


abstract: To examine the long-term management of @entity1744 we conducted a two-part controlled therapeutic trial on 28 @entity1 who had recovered completely after four to six weeks of treatment with ispaghula husk and @entity12593 . In part I @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received a placebo capsule while Group B continued with treatment as before. After six months the response to treatment was assessed according to a scoring system. The overall relapse rate in Group B was 46 per cent compared to 82 per cent in group A. With continued treatment @entity1 in Group B became asymptomatic from the fourth month while @entity1 in Group A continued to deteriorate. In part II, @entity1 who had relapsed whilst on placebo received active treatment. Six of the seven who agreed to continue with the study became asymptomatic within four weeks. However, all the @entity1 who were asymptomatic while on active treatment relapsed on discontinuation and again recovered on reinstitution of active treatment. We conclude that @entity1744 is a @entity102 and that treatment with a combination of ispaghula husk and @entity12593 is effective, both in relieving symptoms and in the maintenance of remission.

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX : results of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic relapsing disorder']

entities_list: @entity12593 :: ('MESH:D011413', 'Chemical') :: ['propantheline']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed for use in combinatorial gene and cell therapy protocols for the treatment of disease and promotion of repair. The efficacy of such a therapeutic approach depends on determination of which vectors give maximal transgene expression with minimal cell death. The study was carried out on bone-marrow derived @entity35 MSCs, and a range of vectors was tested on the same stem cell preparation. @entity9504 , adeno-associated virus (AAV; serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6), lentivirus, and nonviral vectors were compared. Lentivirus proved to be most effective with transduction efficiencies of up to 95%, concurrent with low levels of cell @entity137 . @entity9504 also proved effective, but a significant increase in cell death was seen with increasing viral titer. @entity35 MSCs remained refractory to transduction by all AAV serotypes, in contrast to @entity95 MSCs tested at the same time. Lipofection of plasmid DNA gave moderate transfection levels but was also accompanied by cell death. Electroporative gene transfer proved ineffective at the parameters tested and resulted in high cell death. High and moderate levels of cell transduction using lentivirus vectors did not affect the ability of the cells to differentiate down the adipogenic pathway.

title: Gene transfer into XXXX mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of viral and nonviral vectors.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['Adenovirus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), comprising of @entity31 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity29 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity29 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity29 in @entity1 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity29 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity29 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity1 ) while @entity30 for 30.8 % (103 @entity1 ). The total number of @entity1 with @entity29 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity1 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity1 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity1 with @entity29 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity1 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity1 with UC and @entity30 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity29 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity30 from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative (UC) colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), comprising of @entity31 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity29 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity29 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity29 in @entity1 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity29 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity29 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity1 ) while @entity30 for 30.8 % (103 @entity1 ). The total number of @entity1 with @entity29 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity1 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity1 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity1 with @entity29 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity1 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity1 with UC and @entity30 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity29 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of @entity1 with @entity31 and XXXX from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), comprising of @entity31 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity29 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity29 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity29 in @entity1 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity29 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity29 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity1 ) while @entity30 for 30.8 % (103 @entity1 ). The total number of @entity1 with @entity29 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity1 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity1 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity1 with @entity29 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity1 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity1 with UC and @entity30 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity29 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of XXXX with @entity31 and @entity30 from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although monoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic event in normal tissues, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays on DNA and RNA from a large cohort of pediatric and adult @entity1313 tissues to determine the genome-wide rate of MAE, its role in specific @entity5 -related genes, and the clinical consequences of MAE in @entity1313 . We also used targeted genotyping to examine the role of @entity5 -related genes in @entity1313 development and specifically examined the clinical consequences of MAE at @entity876 and @entity818 . The genome-wide rate of @entity5 MAE was higher than in previously described normal tissue and increased with specific @entity5 grade. Oncogenes, but not @entity5 suppressors, exhibited significantly higher MAE in high-grade compared with low-grade @entity5 . This method identified nine novel genes highly associated with MAE. Within @entity5 -related genes, MAE was gene specific; @entity2215 was most significantly affected, with a higher frequency of MAE in adult and advanced @entity5 . Clinically, MAE at @entity876 exists only in mutated @entity5 and increases with @entity146 . MAE toward the normal allele at @entity818 conferred worse survival even in @entity818 mutated @entity5 . Taken together, our findings suggest that MAE is @entity5 and gene specific, frequent in @entity1313 subtypes, and may be associated with @entity5 progression/ @entity146 . Further exploration of MAE at relevant genes may contribute to better understanding of @entity5 development and determine survival in @entity1313 @entity1 .

title: Monoallelic expression determines oncogenic progression and outcome in benign and malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'tumor aggressiveness']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity161 and other @entity914 . They act by blocking @entity935 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity910 , repetitive @entity910 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity1239 administration could reduce @entity910 because @entity1239 attenuates other drug-induced @entity910 . We used a well established model of @entity910 in which @entity35 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity1767 develop @entity717 ( @entity717 ) that resemble @entity1 @entity910 . @entity35 were first administered @entity1239 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity1767 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity1239 treatment reduced @entity1767 -induced @entity717 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity1767 -induced @entity8364 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity935 transporter and nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity1767 and @entity1239 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity1239 alone increased, while @entity1767 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity1767 -treated @entity35 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity1239 -mediated improvement in @entity1767 -induced @entity717 in @entity35 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity1239 may be useful for improving the @entity910 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: XXXX reduces antipsychotic-induced @entity910 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'abnormal involuntary movements', 'orofacial dyskinesias', 'tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vacuous chewing movements', 'VCMs']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity161 and other @entity914 . They act by blocking @entity935 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity910 , repetitive @entity910 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity1239 administration could reduce @entity910 because @entity1239 attenuates other drug-induced @entity910 . We used a well established model of @entity910 in which @entity35 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity1767 develop @entity717 ( @entity717 ) that resemble @entity1 @entity910 . @entity35 were first administered @entity1239 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity1767 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity1239 treatment reduced @entity1767 -induced @entity717 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity1767 -induced @entity8364 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity935 transporter and nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity1767 and @entity1239 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity1239 alone increased, while @entity1767 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity1767 -treated @entity35 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity1239 -mediated improvement in @entity1767 -induced @entity717 in @entity35 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity1239 may be useful for improving the @entity910 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: @entity1239 reduces antipsychotic-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['orofacial dyskinesia']


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity161 and other @entity914 . They act by blocking @entity935 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity910 , repetitive @entity910 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity1239 administration could reduce @entity910 because @entity1239 attenuates other drug-induced @entity910 . We used a well established model of @entity910 in which @entity35 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity1767 develop @entity717 ( @entity717 ) that resemble @entity1 @entity910 . @entity35 were first administered @entity1239 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity1767 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity1239 treatment reduced @entity1767 -induced @entity717 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity1767 -induced @entity8364 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity935 transporter and nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity1767 and @entity1239 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity1239 alone increased, while @entity1767 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity1767 -treated @entity35 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity1239 -mediated improvement in @entity1767 -induced @entity717 in @entity35 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity1239 may be useful for improving the @entity910 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: @entity1239 reduces antipsychotic-induced @entity910 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe @entity25 and associated daytime consequences in @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity2416 and 15 control subjects matched on age and anthropometric variables were included in the study. Sleep quality and its daytime consequences were assessed by clinical interview, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Functional Outcomes in Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and attended all-night polysomnography. RESULTS: Polysomnography revealed a @entity25 and slow wave sleep, and an increase in stage 1 sleep and arousal index in @entity2416 @entity1 compared to controls. Daytime @entity7405 persisted during sleep. @entity26 saturation below 90% was observed during 34.3 +/- 37.3% of the @entity25 ( @entity25 ). Quality of sleep and daytime function were moderately to significantly impaired based on the PSQI and FOSQ. The total FOSQ score was negatively correlated with @entity25 with @entity26 saturation below 90% (p = 0.01, r = -0.62). @entity3777 scores were correlated with @entity25 at @entity26 saturation below 90% and mean @entity26 saturation during sleep (p = 0.002, r = 0.74, and p = 0.007, r = -0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest significant @entity25 and consequent impairment of physical and social functioning in @entity1 with @entity2416 . In the absence of effective treatments for @entity2416 , the improvement of @entity25 should be a primary therapeutic goal.

title: Sleep quality and associated daytime consequences in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue Severity Scale', 'FSS']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['TST', 'sleep quality', 'decrease in sleep efficiency', 'total sleep time', 'sleep disruption']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe @entity25 and associated daytime consequences in @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity2416 and 15 control subjects matched on age and anthropometric variables were included in the study. Sleep quality and its daytime consequences were assessed by clinical interview, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Functional Outcomes in Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the @entity3777 ( @entity3777 ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and attended all-night polysomnography. RESULTS: Polysomnography revealed a @entity25 and slow wave sleep, and an increase in stage 1 sleep and arousal index in @entity2416 @entity1 compared to controls. Daytime @entity7405 persisted during sleep. @entity26 saturation below 90% was observed during 34.3 +/- 37.3% of the @entity25 ( @entity25 ). Quality of sleep and daytime function were moderately to significantly impaired based on the PSQI and FOSQ. The total FOSQ score was negatively correlated with @entity25 with @entity26 saturation below 90% (p = 0.01, r = -0.62). @entity3777 scores were correlated with @entity25 at @entity26 saturation below 90% and mean @entity26 saturation during sleep (p = 0.002, r = 0.74, and p = 0.007, r = -0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest significant @entity25 and consequent impairment of physical and social functioning in @entity1 with @entity2416 . In the absence of effective treatments for @entity2416 , the improvement of @entity25 should be a primary therapeutic goal.

title: Sleep quality and associated daytime consequences in XXXX with @entity2416 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Clinical audits have highlighted the many challenges and dilemmas faced by clinicians assessing @entity1 with @entity1662 ( @entity47 and minimally conscious state). The diagnostic decision-making process is highly subjective, dependent upon the skills of the examiner and invariably dictated by the @entity1 ' ability to move or speak. Whilst a considerable amount has been learnt since Jennett and Plum coined the term ' @entity47 ', the assessment process remains largely unchanged; conducted at the bedside, using behavioural assessment tools, which are susceptible to environmental and physiological factors. This has created a situation where the rate of misdiagnosis is unacceptably high (up to 43%). In order to address these problems, various functional brain imaging paradigms, which do not rely upon the @entity1 's ability to move or speak, have been proposed as a source of additional information to inform the diagnostic decision making process. Although accumulated evidence from brain imaging, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has been encouraging, the empirical evidence is still based on relatively small numbers of @entity1 . It remains unclear whether brain imaging is capable of informing the diagnosis beyond the behavioural assessment and whether brain imaging has any prognostic utility. In this study, we describe the functional brain imaging findings from a group of 41 @entity1 with @entity1662 , who undertook a hierarchical speech processing task. We found, contrary to the clinical impression of a specialist team using behavioural assessment tools, that two @entity1 referred to the study with a diagnosis of @entity47 did in fact demonstrate neural correlates of speech comprehension when assessed using functional brain imaging. These fMRI findings were found to have no association with the @entity1 's behavioural presentation at the time of investigation and thus provided additional diagnostic information beyond the traditional clinical assessment. Notably, the utility of brain imaging was further underlined by the finding that the level of auditory processing revealed by functional brain imaging, correlated strongly (rs = 0.81, P < 0.001) with the @entity1 's subsequent behavioural recovery, 6 months after the scan, suggesting that brain imaging may also provide valuable prognostic information. Although further evidence is required before consensus statements can be made regarding the use of brain imaging in clinical decision making for @entity1662 , the results from this study clearly highlight the potential of imaging to inform the diagnostic decision-making process for @entity1 with @entity1662 .

title: Towards the routine use of brain imaging to aid the clinical diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative state']

answer: @entity1662 :: (MESH:D003244,Disease) :: ['disorders of consciousness']


abstract: The ultrasonographic data of 50 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 are presented. Ultrasonographic manifestations were described as follows: Pancreatic focal or diffuse enlargement in 70% of these cases, reduced its size in 2%, retained its normal size in 28%, inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 68%, coarse, focal dense echoes in 8%, decreased echogenicity in 20%, normal echogenicity in 4%, irregular contour in 40%, @entity9007 formation in 6%, abnormal pancreatic duct in 44%, dilated common bile duct in 20% and focal pancreatic mass in 14%. @entity1 in the study had a normal sonogram only in 4%. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings, especially @entity9007 and @entity16581 may be considered as important diagnostic evidence. In the diagnosis of chronic @entity788 , the coincident rate of ultrasonography, ERCP and CT was 80%, 75% and 81%, respectively. Their diagnostic value was evaluated and compared. CT was the most sensitive and accurate. Ultrasonography was simpler and non-invasive, it may be used as a method of choice. Combination of using these various imaging techniques may increase the diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic coincident rate of combined ultrasonography and CT was 91%, and that of combined ultrasonography and ERCP was 91%.

title: [Ultrasonographic manifestation and evaluation of imaging diagnosis of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity16581 :: ('MESH:C566837', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic calcification']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocyst']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: In some adult @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. DESIGN: Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , from 50 control subjects, and from 63 @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 ( @entity29 , @entity4143 , and @entity11162 ). @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 +/- 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, @entity1 with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 @entity1 . No @entity1 had systemic or cutaneous @entity5310 . No increase in mast cells was seen in @entity1 with other common causes of chronic @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic intractable @entity294 , colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term @entity71975 describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 . The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity71975 : increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity71975 :: ('MESH:C536032', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytic enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: CONTEXT: In some adult @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. DESIGN: Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , from 50 control subjects, and from 63 @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 ( @entity29 , @entity4143 , and @entity11162 ). @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 +/- 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, @entity1 with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 @entity1 . No @entity1 had systemic or cutaneous @entity5310 . No increase in mast cells was seen in @entity1 with other common causes of chronic @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic intractable @entity294 , colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term @entity71975 describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 . The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

title: XXXX : increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable @entity294 .

answer: @entity71975 :: (MESH:C536032,Disease) :: ['Mastocytic enterocolitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Initial reports have shown percutaneous sonographically guided needle tenotomy without corticosteroid injection to be effective for the treatment of @entity2633 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of this procedure with various tendons throughout the body. METHODS: Fourteen tendons in 13 @entity1 were identified as having a greater than 6-month history of clinical presentation consistent with @entity924 that had failed treatment with physical therapy. All @entity1 were treated with sonographically guided percutaneous tenotomy using a 22-gauge needle and a local anesthetic. A visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 score measurement was obtained before the procedure and at 4- and 12-week follow-up appointments. All complications were recorded. RESULTS: The 14 tendons in this study included patellar (5), Achilles (4), proximal gluteus medius (1), proximal iliotibial tract (1), proximal hamstring (1), common extensor elbow (1), and proximal rectus femoris (1). The composite VAS score was significantly lower at both 4 weeks (mean +/- SEM, 2.4 +/- 0.7) and 12 weeks (2.2 +/- 0.7) compared with the baseline (5.8 +/- 0.6; P < .001). No complications or morbidity occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous tenotomy of @entity924 was effective in improving @entity1 symptoms without complications. Further investigation with additional @entity1 and comparisons to alternative treatments is needed to validate these preliminary results.

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous needle tenotomy for the treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['tennis elbow']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'tendinosis']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who survive after suicidal hanging attempts suffer from transient brain ischaemia. Morbidity and mortality is high, and no specific therapy is available. @entity2332 attenuates @entity75 and has become standard care in @entity772 survivors of @entity1167 ; therapeutic @entity2332 may thus be useful for near-hanging victims as well. OBJECTIVES: To perform a literature review on outcome and outcome predictors after near-hanging. To make a retrospective chart review on treatment and outcome of near-hanging victims in two Swedish intensive care units during a 4-year period (2003-2006). METHODS: The literature review was conducted as a Medline search. Study @entity1 were identified and data retrieved from the intensive care units' medical records. The primary outcome measure was neurological function at discharge. RESULTS: No randomised, controlled trials were found in the Medline search. Thirteen @entity1 could be identified and were included in the study, all were in coma and three had suffered @entity1167 . Outcome was good in six of eight @entity1 treated with @entity2332 , as compared to three of five @entity1 who were not. All three @entity1 with @entity1167 received @entity2332 treatment and outcome was good in one. CONCLUSION: No randomised, controlled trial for treatment of near-hanging victims has been published. No conclusions could be drawn regarding treatment effects of @entity2332 in this survey, but in the absence of better evidence, it seems reasonable to consider @entity2332 treatment in all @entity772 near-hanging victims.

title: @entity2332 for XXXX survivors after near-hanging-a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic brain damage']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['comatose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who survive after suicidal hanging attempts suffer from transient brain ischaemia. Morbidity and mortality is high, and no specific therapy is available. @entity2332 attenuates @entity75 and has become standard care in @entity772 survivors of @entity1167 ; therapeutic @entity2332 may thus be useful for near-hanging victims as well. OBJECTIVES: To perform a literature review on outcome and outcome predictors after near-hanging. To make a retrospective chart review on treatment and outcome of near-hanging victims in two Swedish intensive care units during a 4-year period (2003-2006). METHODS: The literature review was conducted as a Medline search. Study @entity1 were identified and data retrieved from the intensive care units' medical records. The primary outcome measure was neurological function at discharge. RESULTS: No randomised, controlled trials were found in the Medline search. Thirteen @entity1 could be identified and were included in the study, all were in coma and three had suffered @entity1167 . Outcome was good in six of eight @entity1 treated with @entity2332 , as compared to three of five @entity1 who were not. All three @entity1 with @entity1167 received @entity2332 treatment and outcome was good in one. CONCLUSION: No randomised, controlled trial for treatment of near-hanging victims has been published. No conclusions could be drawn regarding treatment effects of @entity2332 in this survey, but in the absence of better evidence, it seems reasonable to consider @entity2332 treatment in all @entity772 near-hanging victims.

title: XXXX for @entity772 survivors after near-hanging-a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of ulnar nerve sonography in @entity16 with electrophysiologic correlation. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity1201 (12 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD, 47.7 +/- 17.2 years) and 20 control @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 46.5 +/- 16.2 years) were evaluated with sonography. @entity1201 diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, bacteriologic, and histopathologic criteria. The reference standard for @entity16 in this study was clinical symptoms in @entity1 with proven @entity1201 . The sonographic cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the ulnar nerve in 3 different regions were obtained. Statistical analyses included Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The CSAs of the ulnar nerve were significantly larger in the @entity1201 group than the control group for all regions (P < .01). @entity854 in @entity1201 nerves included focal thickening (90.5%), hypoechoic areas (81%), loss of the fascicular pattern (33.3%), and focal hyperechoic areas (4.7%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a maximum CSA cutoff value of 9.8 mm(2) was the best discriminator (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.90). Three @entity1 with normal electrophysiologic findings had abnormal sonographic findings. Two @entity1 had normal sonographic findings, of which 1 had abnormal electrophysiologic findings, and the other refused electrophysiologic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and electrophysiology were complementary for identifying @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1201 , with clinical symptoms as the reference standard. This reinforces the role of sonography in the investigation of @entity16 .

title: Role of ulnar nerve sonography in XXXX with electrophysiologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Sonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve neuropathy', 'leprosy ulnar neuropathy', 'ulnar neuropathy', 'leprosy neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['leprosy neuropathy']


abstract: Main causes of @entity303 in the elderly are @entity1294 and @entity195 . @entity1294 is related to both amounts and localization of lesions. Recently incidence of @entity40320 ( @entity10334 ) and @entity2333 are increasing. In Alzheimer's protein chemistry of amyloid (beta protein, A4 protein) revealed its precursor @entity477 and its gene (chromosome 21), which produces protease inhibitor in the brain of @entity195 . @entity477 is considered as an membrane protein (receptor) and appears abundantly in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical study showed that beta protein is observed also in normal aged brain. On the other hand, tau protein (main component of @entity195 tangle, PHF) appeared as abnormal sprouting of neurites in @entity195 . The latter may related to @entity303 and @entity204 . In @entity195 , several neurotransmitters, including @entity934 , are reduced in the brain and related structural changes are observed. Recently olfactory bulb and mucosal changes are remarked as one of pathogenesis of this disease. Delayed @entity528 is a new phenomenon of nerve cell death of vascular origin and should be studied in @entity1 @entity1294 .

title: [Approach to the XXXX research].

entities_list: @entity40320 :: ('MESH:C531642', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse vascular leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dementia', 'vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's neurofibrillary", "Alzheimer's dementia", "Alzheimer's brain", "Alzheimer and Down's brains"]

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['Binswanger type, leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neural death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1943 receptor (SSTR) expression is positively correlated with @entity5 size and inversely correlated with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) levels and @entity5 differentiation. In the present study, we compared @entity22796 -5 and @entity470 -4 mRNA and protein expression in two @entity0 cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERalpha-). RESULTS: All five SSTRs and four ErbBs were variably expressed as both cell surface and cytoplasmic proteins. In both cell lines, @entity22797 and @entity22796 were highly expressed, followed by @entity7931 and @entity7932 with @entity22260 being the least expressed subtype, at the protein level. ErbBs were variably expressed with @entity470 as the predominant subtype in both cell lines. @entity470 is followed by @entity7514 , @entity1722 and @entity12251 in MCF-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity470 is followed by @entity1722 , @entity12251 and @entity7514 . Our results indicate significant correlations at the level of mRNA and protein expression in a cell and receptor-specific manner. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we found that, in MCF-7 cells, @entity7932 was the most prominent subtype coexpressed with ErbBs followed by @entity22260 , @entity22797 , @entity22796 and @entity7931 , respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity22796 colocalized strongly with ErbBs followed by @entity7932 , @entity22797 , @entity22260 and @entity7931 . ErbBs displayed higher levels of colocalization amongst themselves in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings may explain the poor response to endocrine therapy in ER- @entity5 . Differential distribution of SSTR subtypes with ErbBs in @entity0 cells in a receptor-specific manner may be considered as a novel diagnosis for @entity0 .

title: Colocalization of XXXX receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['ErbB1', 'epidermal growth factor receptor', 'ErbB']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1943 receptor (SSTR) expression is positively correlated with @entity5 size and inversely correlated with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) levels and @entity5 differentiation. In the present study, we compared @entity22796 -5 and @entity470 -4 mRNA and protein expression in two @entity0 cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERalpha-). RESULTS: All five SSTRs and four ErbBs were variably expressed as both cell surface and cytoplasmic proteins. In both cell lines, @entity22797 and @entity22796 were highly expressed, followed by @entity7931 and @entity7932 with @entity22260 being the least expressed subtype, at the protein level. ErbBs were variably expressed with @entity470 as the predominant subtype in both cell lines. @entity470 is followed by @entity7514 , @entity1722 and @entity12251 in MCF-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity470 is followed by @entity1722 , @entity12251 and @entity7514 . Our results indicate significant correlations at the level of mRNA and protein expression in a cell and receptor-specific manner. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we found that, in MCF-7 cells, @entity7932 was the most prominent subtype coexpressed with ErbBs followed by @entity22260 , @entity22797 , @entity22796 and @entity7931 , respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity22796 colocalized strongly with ErbBs followed by @entity7932 , @entity22797 , @entity22260 and @entity7931 . ErbBs displayed higher levels of colocalization amongst themselves in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings may explain the poor response to endocrine therapy in ER- @entity5 . Differential distribution of SSTR subtypes with ErbBs in @entity0 cells in a receptor-specific manner may be considered as a novel diagnosis for @entity0 .

title: Colocalization of @entity1943 receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Spermatic @entity602 are rare @entity5 and standard treatment consists of radical orchiectomy and high cord ligation. We report a case of a @entity1822 successfully treated by enucleation. A 22-year-old @entity1 presented with a 6-months history of @entity158 . Physical examination revealed a right paratesticular nodule about 0.5 cm in diameter. Inguinal exploration and nodule biopsy were performed. It was thought to be a benign epididymal nodule on a quick section and the @entity5 was enucleated and sent for paraffin section. Histology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with @entity1822 . The @entity1 was advised to undergo radical orchiectomy with high cord ligation. However, he refused surgery. An alternative approach with clinical, biochemical and radiological follow-up was adopted. The @entity1 has been followed up for thirteen years and shows no evidence of disease.

title: XXXX treated by enucleation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'paratesticular leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal pain']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity508 of cerebral and spinal origin are reviewed, with emphasis on treatment with intrathecal @entity1772 and the role of pharmacists in @entity1 management. SUMMARY: Spasticity is a motor symptom characterized by neurologic etiology and involuntary, velocity-dependent @entity4372 . Its severity can vary, and its effects on activities of daily living and quality of life can be significant. Since the pathophysiology of @entity508 is not fully understood and since it is associated with many underlying conditions, its treatment can be complex, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, therapists, nurses, and pharmacists. Setting achievable goals based on individual @entity1 assessment and needs should drive therapy decisions. @entity1772 injection concentrate for intrathecal administration has FDA-approved labeling for use in @entity1 with severe @entity508 who are intolerant or unresponsive to other therapies. Due to its intrathecal delivery, adverse effects are minimized, and @entity1 response is enhanced. Pharmacists should remain knowledgeable about therapy management in @entity1 receiving treatment for @entity508 , including adverse event monitoring, infusion device complications, and dosage adjustments. If compounded intrathecal baclofen preparations are used, pharmacists should consider potency and sterility issues associated with high-risk level compounded sterile preparations and the potential for deviations in potency and sterility that may affect @entity1 safety and outcomes. CONCLUSION: When managing @entity508 symptoms, a comprehensive treatment plan as well as a multidisciplinary approach is required. Pharmacists should be well-versed in @entity508 treatment, particular intrathecal therapies since close monitoring, dosage adjustment, concentration accuracy, and product sterility are necessary for optimal @entity1 outcomes.

title: Considerations in the treatment of XXXX with intrathecal baclofen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: Skeletal responses to damage are significant for understanding the etiology of @entity1642 and possibly @entity3604 . We refined the @entity35 forelimb-loading model to produce a range of sub- @entity174 damage levels during in vivo cyclic loading. A total of 98 right forelimbs of anesthetized, male, 5-month old Fischer @entity35 were loaded cyclically (2 Hz) in axial compression. @entity35 were killed immediately after loading. In the first experiment, forelimbs were loaded to @entity174 , which occurred after an increase in peak displacement of 2.0+/-0.2 mm, independent of peak force or cycle number. In the next experiment, we loaded forelimbs at a constant peak force until the peak displacement increased by 0.6-1.8 mm (30-90% of @entity174 ). Mechanical properties of the loaded (right) and contralateral control (left) ulnae were determined ex vivo using three-point bending, and cracks were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Results demonstrated a dose-response between increased forelimb displacement and @entity16 , with four discrete damage levels. "Low" damage was produced by cyclic loading to 30% of @entity174 , with no visible cracks and a 10% strength loss. "Mild" damage was produced by loading to 45% of @entity174 , with variable linear cracks and 20% strength loss. "Moderate" damage was produced by loading to 60-75% of @entity174 , with consistent linear cracks and 40% strength loss. "High" damage was produced by loading to 85-90% of @entity174 , with branching cracks and 60% strength loss. This loading model will be useful for examining biological responses to a range of sub- @entity174 damage levels in future experiments.

title: Use of the XXXX forelimb compression model to create discrete levels of bone damage in vivo.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['increased ulnar damage']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We applied @entity214 -PAGE, 2D-PAGE and Western blot to analyse the outer envelopes protein and LPS of five strains of leptospires. The work would lay foundations for taxonomy, the development of vaccination regimens and the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms. The outer envelope proteins of leptospires were analyzed by @entity214 -PAGE and @entity575 staining. We found that the protein profiles of the pathogenic leptospires were basically identical. A comparison of the protein profiles of the pathogenic L. with those exhibited by two nonpathogenic L. indicated that there was no obvious relationship between these organisms and any of the @entity2928 strains examined. The quantity of 21.5 kd protein of strain 017 was greater than that of strain 601 and 156. Approximately 200, 225, 238 distinct polypeptides were detected in the strain 017, 601 and 156 in 2D-PAGE by @entity575 staining respectively. The profiles of 2D-PAGe showed obvious differences in pI. The pI of strain 017, 601 and 156 were mainly 6.68-7.4, 6.55-6.9, 5.85-7.1 respectively. The 21.5 kd protein of strain 017 was made up of six polypeptides. Our immunoblots revealed that McAb (LB1) reacted with a 41 kd antigen, which was common to the three virulent leptospires tested. @entity214 -PAGE profiles of @entity575 stained outer envelope LPS of pathogenic L. differed greatly from those of the nonpathogenic L. There was a distinct differences between strain Patoc I and 3055. Our studies showed that each of the five strains of leptospires possessed characteristic outer envelope LPS, which may be used to identify the genus, species and serovars of a strain of L.

title: [Comparative study of outer envelope protein and LPS of five strains of leptospires by XXXX -PAGE and 2D-PAGE].

entities_list: @entity2928 :: ('173', 'Species') :: ['L. interrogans']

answer: @entity214 :: (CHEBI:8984,Chemical) :: ['SDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the audiologic phenotype in @entity6926 ( @entity6926 ). STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred eighty-two @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity6926 , aged 3 to 89 years. INTERVENTION: Diagnostic hearing evaluation through otoadmittance and acoustic stapedius reflex measurements, pure tone, and speech audiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence, type, severity, symmetry, and audiometric configuration of the @entity393 in @entity6926 . Progression of hearing thresholds was determined by constructing age-related typical audiograms. RESULTS: Approximately 52.2% of all @entity6926 @entity1 demonstrated @entity393 unilaterally (7.7%) or bilaterally (44.5%). Pure conductive, mixed, and pure @entity1274 were observed in 8.5%, 37.8%, and 11.6% of @entity6926 ears, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed that thresholds progressed by 0.5 dB/yr at 0.25 kHz to 0.8 dB/yr at 0.8 kHz in the ears with conductive or mixed @entity393 . Pure @entity1274 progressed by less than 0.1 dB/yr at 0.25 kHz to 1.2 dB/yr at 8.0 kHz. Audiometric configuration was predominantly flat (70.5%) in the ears with conductive/mixed loss and sloping (50.0%) in those with pure @entity1274 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6926 are at risk for @entity393 . The @entity393 in @entity6926 may initiate at a young age and is progressive. However, the rate of progression, as well as the @entity393 severity, onset, and configuration depend on the type of @entity393 , which may be conductive/mixed or pure sensorineural. For both types, age-related threshold audiograms are constructed and may help the clinician to estimate the course of the @entity393 in @entity1 with @entity6926 . In addition, they may be valuable to distinguish between @entity393 associated with @entity6926 and other similar forms of @entity393 , such as in @entity8719 .

title: Audiologic phenotype of XXXX : use in clinical differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing losses', 'sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta', 'OI']

answer: @entity6926 :: (MESH:D010013,Disease) :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treated but uncontrolled @entity101 is highly prevalent in African American and Hispanic communities. OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness on blood pressure of home blood pressure monitors alone or in combination with follow-up by a nurse manager. DESIGN: Randomized controlled effectiveness trial. @entity1 : Four hundred and sixteen African American or Hispanic @entity1 with a history of uncontrolled @entity101 . @entity1 with blood pressure >= 150/95, or >= 140/85 for @entity1 with @entity2316 , at enrollment were recruited from one community clinic and four hospital outpatient clinics in East and Central Harlem, New York City. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to receive usual care or a home blood pressure monitor plus one in- @entity1 counseling session and 9 months of telephone follow-up with a registered nurse. During the trial, the home monitor alone arm was added. MAIN MEASURES: Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 9 and 18  months. KEY RESULTS: Changes from baseline to 9  months in systolic blood pressure relative to usual care was -7.0  mm Hg (Confidence Interval [CI], -13.4 to -0.6) in the nurse management plus home blood pressure monitor arm, and +1.1  mm Hg (95% CI, -5.5 to 7.8) in the home blood pressure monitor only arm. No statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure were observed among treatment arms at 18  months. No statistically significant improvements in diastolic blood pressure were found across treatment arms at 9 or 18  months. Changes in prescribing practices did not explain the decrease in blood pressure in the nurse management arm. CONCLUSIONS: A nurse management intervention combining an in- @entity1 visit, periodic phone calls, and home blood pressure monitoring over 9  months was associated with a statistically significant reduction in systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure compared to usual care in a high risk population. Home blood pressure monitoring alone was no more effective than usual care.

title: Nurse-led disease management for XXXX control in a diverse urban community: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes or renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture has been used successfully for the treatment of urinary @entity1494 . The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if manual acupuncture might also affect @entity1241 favorably. METHODS: The study comprises 15 female @entity1 , median age 60 years (39 -75). Before treatment and at regular intervals after acupuncture sessions the defects of anal continence were assessed. Ano-rectal function was assessed by means of recto anal manovolumetry. Each @entity1 was submitted to one acupuncture treatment per week for a ten-week period. Subsequently, a control session was repeated once per month up to 7 months for six @entity1 . A final functional assessment was performed at 18 months. RESULT: @entity1 experienced a significant improvement in anal continence, the overall continence score which changed from 10 (3 -21) estimated before treatment to zero (0 - 7) (p<0.05) at 10 weeks. @entity1 with irregular bowel habits and/or loose stools reported significant improvement. On the manovolumetric variables a limited increase of resting from 25 (17-35) mmHg to 36 (20-42) mmHg, (p=0.05) and sustained squeeze anal pressure, changing from 41 (32-68) mmHg to 60 (40-100) mmHg (p<0.05) were reported. Rectal sensory function remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture offers good opportunities for improving @entity1241 . The mechanism of action is obscure but might be an effect of the "neuromodulation" of the recto-anal function similar to that explaining the favorable results achieved by sacral nerve stimulation. The concomitant regulation of @entity29 may also contribute to the satisfactory results.

title: XXXX treated with acupuncture--a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['disordered bowel habits']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['Fecal incontinence']


abstract: The role of the brain-gut axis interaction in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is not well understood. To examine this possibility, a novel @entity35 model of @entity1744 subjected to both @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) was established. G proteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 . The @entity11026 ( @entity11026 ) and the @entity1063 reuptake transporter (NET) determine the sympathetic signal activity. It is conceivable that stress may induce brain G proteins, colonic alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET abnormal expression, which may be responsible for the abnormalities in @entity1744 . @entity1109 , and secretion were assessed by counting fecal pellets, abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and short-circuit current study, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of G proteins, alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET. Compared with control animals, the colonic epithelial secretion, fecal pellets, and numbers of @entity15342 induced by @entity14 were significantly higher in both @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and @entity14469 @entity35 . However, the G proteins, @entity11026 , and NET expression changed differently in @entity697 and @entity14469 @entity35 . We showed that exposure to either @entity697 or @entity14469 would cause the increase of secretion, motility, and sensation, but the change of protein expression in brain-gut axis was different. It may be responsible for the pathogenesis of @entity1744 .

title: Changes in brain G proteins and colonic sympathetic neural signaling in chronic-acute combined stress @entity35 model of XXXX ( @entity1744 ).

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'chronic and acute stress']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'acute stress only']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic motility, visceral sensation']

entities_list: @entity15342 :: ('MESH:D011535', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal muscle contraction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal balloon distension']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: The role of the brain-gut axis interaction in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is not well understood. To examine this possibility, a novel @entity35 model of @entity1744 subjected to both @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) was established. G proteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 . The @entity11026 ( @entity11026 ) and the @entity1063 reuptake transporter (NET) determine the sympathetic signal activity. It is conceivable that stress may induce brain G proteins, colonic alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET abnormal expression, which may be responsible for the abnormalities in @entity1744 . @entity1109 , and secretion were assessed by counting fecal pellets, abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity14 ( @entity14 ), and short-circuit current study, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of G proteins, alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET. Compared with control animals, the colonic epithelial secretion, fecal pellets, and numbers of @entity15342 induced by @entity14 were significantly higher in both @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and @entity14469 @entity35 . However, the G proteins, @entity11026 , and NET expression changed differently in @entity697 and @entity14469 @entity35 . We showed that exposure to either @entity697 or @entity14469 would cause the increase of secretion, motility, and sensation, but the change of protein expression in brain-gut axis was different. It may be responsible for the pathogenesis of @entity1744 .

title: Changes in brain G proteins and colonic sympathetic neural signaling in chronic-acute combined stress @entity35 model of @entity1744 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['IBS']