abstract: OBJECTIVES: Over the last decade, use of @entity51710 has become increasingly prevalent. This study aimed to describe typical aspects of @entity31688 poisoning in order to better inform @entity1 care. METHODS: @entity31688 poisoning cases reported to the Poison Control Center of Angers, France, from January, 2007 to December, 2013 were examined. Clinical findings were examined in 105 @entity1 , including @entity31688 used, symptoms and final outcome. @entity1 were predominantly male (80%), with mean age 26  8 years. RESULTS: @entity14842 (38%), @entity4944 (18%) and @entity888 (14%) were the most commonly reported. Synthetic cathinones (10%) and the 2C series (7%) were also found. Substances most commonly associated with @entity31688 poisoning were @entity835 (27%), @entity1068 (20%) and @entity2072 (9%). The most frequently reported symptoms included @entity148 and @entity1833 (49%), @entity5564 and @entity10 (41%), @entity591 (40%) and @entity101 (15%). Complications such as @entity410 (7%), @entity1167 (5%), @entity2401 (1%) and @entity64 (1%) were also observed. Of the cases, the Poison Severity Score was: null or low, 66%, moderate, 21%, severe or fatal, 13%. Of the @entity1 , 77% received hospital care and 12.4% were admitted to an intensive care unit. Analytical confirmations were obtained for all severe cases. While 93% of @entity1 recovered, there were 5 deaths and 2 @entity1 presented with neurological sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31688 poisonings may be severe in young and healthy individuals. Physicians, toxicologists and analysts should be aware of new @entity31688 consumption trends in order to inform management of @entity1 care and to contribute to a more responsive drug policy.

title: Recreational XXXX poisonings reported to a French poison control center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity51710 :: ('MESH:D010627', 'Chemical') :: ['phenethylamines']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity31688 :: ('MESH:C029261', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenethylamine', 'phenethylamine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['toxic myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity31688 :: (MESH:C029261,Chemical) :: ['phenethylamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article was to summarize the efficacy and safety of venous stents in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) including @entity2979 ( @entity2979 ) and @entity75 ( @entity75 ). METHODS: We searched PubMed for case series (prospective and retrospective) that focused on venous stents in the treatment of @entity1030 published between 1st January, 2000 and 15th July, 2014. Then, we analyzed the perioperative complications, subsequent antithrombotic treatment, clinical outcomes, and long-term patency of this procedure. RESULTS: Overall, 1987 @entity1 from 14 studies were included in our study. The incidence of the 30-day thrombotic events was 2.0% (4.0% in @entity2979 vs. 0.8% in @entity75 , p   =   0.0002). The rates of access site complications and stent migration were 1.7% and 1.3%, respectively. The incidence of retroperitoneal @entity548 and contrast extravasation was 1.8%. Back @entity158 was more common with a rate of 62.9%. With stent placement, there was a significant @entity158 and @entity4 relief in @entity1030 @entity1 and the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology scores declined. The rate of @entity1066 was 72.1% (70.3% in @entity2979 vs. 86.9% in @entity75 , p   =   0.0022), and the @entity1066 recurrence rate was 8.7%. The primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates were 91.4%, 95.0%, and 97.8%, respectively, at 12 months and 77.1%, 92.3%, and 94.3%, respectively, at 36 months; however, the patency rates in @entity2979 were lower than those in @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Stents may be a relatively effective and safe approach for @entity2979 and @entity75 @entity1 because of the low incidence of perioperative complications and satisfying long-term patency. Some outcomes of stents in @entity75 @entity1 may be better than those in @entity2979 @entity1 .

title: Stenting for XXXX : A current comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nonthrombotic iliac vein lesions', 'NIVL']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['PTS', 'postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive venous disease', 'COVD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive venous disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the mechanism of post-procedural cardiac biomarker (CB) rise following device implantation. BACKGROUND: A fully bioresorbable Absorb scaffold, compared with @entity2239 -eluting metallic stents (EES), might  be associated with a higher incidence of periprocedural @entity296 . METHODS: In 501 @entity1 with stable or unstable @entity951 randomized to either Absorb (335 @entity1 ) or EES (n = 166) in the ABSORB II trial, 3 types of CB ( @entity908 kinase, @entity908 kinase-myocardial band, and troponin) were  obtained before and after procedure. Per protocol, periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) was defined as @entity908 kinase rise >2* the upper limit of normal with @entity908 kinase-myocardial band rise. RESULTS: Incidence of side branch occlusion and any anatomic complications assessed by angiography was similar between the 2 treatment arms (side branch occlusion: Absorb: 5.3% vs. Xience: 7.6%, p  = 0.07; any anatomic complication: Absorb: 16.4% vs. EES: 19.9%, p  = 0.39). Fourteen @entity1 who presented with recent  @entity583 at entry with normalized @entity908 kinase-myocardial band according to the protocol were excluded for post-CB analysis. The overall compliance for CB was 97.8%. The CB rise subcategorized in 7  different ranges was comparable between the 2 treatment arms. PMI rate was numerically higher in the Absorb  arm according to the per-protocol definitions, and treatment with overlapping devices was the only independent determinant of per-protocol PMI (odds ratio: 5.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.78 to 14.41, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the incidence of CB rise and PMI between Absorb and EES. Device overlap might be a precipitating factor of @entity296 . (ABSORB II Randomized Clinical Trial: A Clinical Evaluation to Compare the Safety, Efficacy, and Performance of Absorb @entity2239 Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold System Against Xience @entity2239 Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With @entity741 Caused by De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions [ABSORB II]; NCT01425281).

title: Incidence and Potential Mechanism(s) of  Post-Procedural Rise of Cardiac Biomarker  in @entity1 With Coronary Artery  Narrowing After Implantation of an  XXXX -Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold or @entity2239 -Eluting Metallic Stent.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the mechanism of post-procedural cardiac biomarker (CB) rise following device implantation. BACKGROUND: A fully bioresorbable Absorb scaffold, compared with @entity2239 -eluting metallic stents (EES), might  be associated with a higher incidence of periprocedural @entity296 . METHODS: In 501 @entity1 with stable or unstable @entity951 randomized to either Absorb (335 @entity1 ) or EES (n = 166) in the ABSORB II trial, 3 types of CB ( @entity908 kinase, @entity908 kinase-myocardial band, and troponin) were  obtained before and after procedure. Per protocol, periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) was defined as @entity908 kinase rise >2* the upper limit of normal with @entity908 kinase-myocardial band rise. RESULTS: Incidence of side branch occlusion and any anatomic complications assessed by angiography was similar between the 2 treatment arms (side branch occlusion: Absorb: 5.3% vs. Xience: 7.6%, p  = 0.07; any anatomic complication: Absorb: 16.4% vs. EES: 19.9%, p  = 0.39). Fourteen @entity1 who presented with recent  @entity583 at entry with normalized @entity908 kinase-myocardial band according to the protocol were excluded for post-CB analysis. The overall compliance for CB was 97.8%. The CB rise subcategorized in 7  different ranges was comparable between the 2 treatment arms. PMI rate was numerically higher in the Absorb  arm according to the per-protocol definitions, and treatment with overlapping devices was the only independent determinant of per-protocol PMI (odds ratio: 5.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.78 to 14.41, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the incidence of CB rise and PMI between Absorb and EES. Device overlap might be a precipitating factor of @entity296 . (ABSORB II Randomized Clinical Trial: A Clinical Evaluation to Compare the Safety, Efficacy, and Performance of Absorb @entity2239 Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold System Against Xience @entity2239 Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With @entity741 Caused by De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions [ABSORB II]; NCT01425281).

title: Incidence and Potential Mechanism(s) of  Post-Procedural Rise of Cardiac Biomarker  in @entity1 With Coronary Artery  Narrowing After Implantation of an  @entity2239 -Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold or XXXX -Eluting Metallic Stent.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the mechanism of post-procedural cardiac biomarker (CB) rise following device implantation. BACKGROUND: A fully bioresorbable Absorb scaffold, compared with @entity2239 -eluting metallic stents (EES), might  be associated with a higher incidence of periprocedural @entity296 . METHODS: In 501 @entity1 with stable or unstable @entity951 randomized to either Absorb (335 @entity1 ) or EES (n = 166) in the ABSORB II trial, 3 types of CB ( @entity908 kinase, @entity908 kinase-myocardial band, and troponin) were  obtained before and after procedure. Per protocol, periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) was defined as @entity908 kinase rise >2* the upper limit of normal with @entity908 kinase-myocardial band rise. RESULTS: Incidence of side branch occlusion and any anatomic complications assessed by angiography was similar between the 2 treatment arms (side branch occlusion: Absorb: 5.3% vs. Xience: 7.6%, p  = 0.07; any anatomic complication: Absorb: 16.4% vs. EES: 19.9%, p  = 0.39). Fourteen @entity1 who presented with recent  @entity583 at entry with normalized @entity908 kinase-myocardial band according to the protocol were excluded for post-CB analysis. The overall compliance for CB was 97.8%. The CB rise subcategorized in 7  different ranges was comparable between the 2 treatment arms. PMI rate was numerically higher in the Absorb  arm according to the per-protocol definitions, and treatment with overlapping devices was the only independent determinant of per-protocol PMI (odds ratio: 5.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.78 to 14.41, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the incidence of CB rise and PMI between Absorb and EES. Device overlap might be a precipitating factor of @entity296 . (ABSORB II Randomized Clinical Trial: A Clinical Evaluation to Compare the Safety, Efficacy, and Performance of Absorb @entity2239 Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold System Against Xience @entity2239 Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With @entity741 Caused by De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions [ABSORB II]; NCT01425281).

title: Incidence and Potential Mechanism(s) of  Post-Procedural Rise of Cardiac Biomarker  in XXXX With Coronary Artery  Narrowing After Implantation of an  @entity2239 -Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold or @entity2239 -Eluting Metallic Stent.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9695 (NS)-loaded nanoparticles (NPNS) were prepared from @entity10124 ( @entity7050 ) and eventually coated with chitosan (NPNSCS). Nanoparticles (NP) were spherical with sizes 379  59nm for NPNS and 393  66nm for NPNSCS and zeta potentials of -15  3mV for NPNS to 10  4mV for NPNSCS, suggesting an efficient coating. Drug encapsulation rate was high (88  5% and 83  7% of added drug) for NPNS and NPNSCS, respectively. After NP washing and re-suspension, 98  2% and 99  1% of the drug initially entrapped remained associated to NP. NS was dispersed in amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. Two-fold dilution of NP with pH 7.4 PBS provoked no drug release. However, 30-40% NS was released after a 1/10 dilution. NPNSCS and NPNS diluted 1/100 reduced the encapsulated drug to around 30% and 70%, respectively. In contrast, 100% NS was released from NP under sink conditions in less than 2h. The permeability of free-NS (1-1.5*10(-5)cm/s) was compared with NPNS (NPNS=6.4-8.1*10(-6)cm/s and NPNSCS=5.5-7.0*10(-6)cm/s) using the PAMPA assay. The @entity137 of free-NS and NS in NP on model @entity263 cells PC-3 and DU-145 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with NPNSCS on PC-3 cells (IC50=89 M).

title: XXXX -loaded nanoparticles for the potential coadjuvant treatment of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactide-co-glycolide']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimesulide']

answer: @entity9695 :: (MESH:C012655,Chemical) :: ['Nimesulide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9695 (NS)-loaded nanoparticles (NPNS) were prepared from @entity10124 ( @entity7050 ) and eventually coated with chitosan (NPNSCS). Nanoparticles (NP) were spherical with sizes 379  59nm for NPNS and 393  66nm for NPNSCS and zeta potentials of -15  3mV for NPNS to 10  4mV for NPNSCS, suggesting an efficient coating. Drug encapsulation rate was high (88  5% and 83  7% of added drug) for NPNS and NPNSCS, respectively. After NP washing and re-suspension, 98  2% and 99  1% of the drug initially entrapped remained associated to NP. NS was dispersed in amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. Two-fold dilution of NP with pH 7.4 PBS provoked no drug release. However, 30-40% NS was released after a 1/10 dilution. NPNSCS and NPNS diluted 1/100 reduced the encapsulated drug to around 30% and 70%, respectively. In contrast, 100% NS was released from NP under sink conditions in less than 2h. The permeability of free-NS (1-1.5*10(-5)cm/s) was compared with NPNS (NPNS=6.4-8.1*10(-6)cm/s and NPNSCS=5.5-7.0*10(-6)cm/s) using the PAMPA assay. The @entity137 of free-NS and NS in NP on model @entity263 cells PC-3 and DU-145 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with NPNSCS on PC-3 cells (IC50=89 M).

title: @entity9695 -loaded nanoparticles for the potential coadjuvant treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) in @entity2597 ( @entity2597 ) is crucial to ensuring that @entity1 receive timely treatment for this progressive disease. Exercise stress tests have been used to screen @entity1 in an attempt to identify early-stage @entity120 . Recent studies have described abnormal mean pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity7215 )-cardiac output (Q) responses as having the potential to assess the disease state. OBJECTIVES: This study hypothesized that pulmonary circulation pressure-flow relationships obtained by 6-min walk (6MW) stress echocardiography would better delineate differential progression of @entity120 and predict development of @entity120 during follow-up. METHODS: We prospectively performed 6MW stress echocardiographic studies in 78 @entity2597 @entity1 (age 58    12 years; 9% male) at baseline and follow-up. All @entity1 underwent yearly echocardiographic follow-up studies for up to 5 years. RESULTS: During a median period of 32 months (range: 15 to 62 months), 16 @entity1 reached the clinical endpoint of development of @entity120 and none died during follow-up. @entity120 was confirmed by right heart catheterization in all 16 @entity1 ( @entity7215  >= 25 mm  Hg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure   <=15 mm  Hg). In a Cox proportional-hazards survival model, 6MW distance (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99; p  = 0.010), early diastolic tricuspid annulus motion velocity (HR: 0.79; p  =  0.025), and   @entity7215 /  Q by 6MW stress (HR: 1.10; p  = 0.005) were associated with development of @entity120 . In sequential Cox models, a model on the basis of 6MW distance (chi-square, 6.6) was improved by   @entity7215 /  Q (chi-square: 14.4; p  =  0.019). Using a receiver-operating characteristic curve, we found that the best cutoff value of   @entity7215 /  Q for predicting development of @entity120 was >3.3 mm  Hg/l/min. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MW stress echocardiography noninvasively provides an incremental prognostic value of @entity120 development in @entity2597 . This is a single-center prospective cohort study. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to confirm this result.

title: Prediction of Future Overt Pulmonary Hypertension by 6-Min Walk Stress Echocardiography in XXXX With Connective Tissue Disease.

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease', 'CTD']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The use of permanent synthetic meshes to improve the outcome of @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) repair causes frequent and serious complications. The use of the synthetic, biodegradable scaffold @entity12389 ( @entity12389 ) seeded with autologous muscle fiber fragments (MFF), as an adjunct to native tissue @entity3577 repair, is a potential new alternative. METHODS: A @entity35 abdominal wall model of native repair was used with six animals in each of three groups: native repair, native repair + @entity12389 , and native repair + @entity12389 + MFF. MFF were labeled with @entity13214 -fluorescence dye. After 8  weeks labeled cells were identified in tissue samples and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of connective tissue organization and desmin reactivity of muscle cells were performed. Fresh tissue samples were subjected to uniaxial biomechanical testing. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: @entity12389 was fully degraded after 8  weeks. Desmin-immunopositive (6/6) and @entity13214 -positive cells (6/6) were found only after native repair + @entity12389 + MFF, indicating survival, proliferation, and integration of cells originating from the MFF. This group also showed significantly increased stiffness in the high stiffness zone compared with native repair + @entity12389 (p   =   0.032) and borderline significantly higher stiffness compared to native repair (p   =   0.054). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, @entity12389 scaffolds seeded with autologous MFF affected some histological and biomechanical properties of native tissue repair in an abdominal wall defect model in @entity35 . The method thus appears to be a simple tissue engineering concept with potential relevance for native tissue repair of @entity3577 .

title: Muscle fragments on a scaffold in XXXX : a potential regenerative strategy in urogynecology.

entities_list: @entity12389 :: ('MESH:C558447', 'Chemical') :: ['MPEG-PLGA', 'methoxypolyethyleneglycol-polylactic-co-glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the effects of @entity147 ( @entity147 ) on overall suffering and quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this cross-sectional study, we examined the frequency of @entity147 and its correlates in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We interviewed 149 @entity1 , 77 at a comprehensive @entity5 center (CCC) and 72 at a general public hospital (GPH). @entity5 completed a self-rated @entity147 (subjective experience of distress attributed to financial problems) numeric rating scale (0 = best, 10 = worst) and validated questionnaires assessing symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), @entity2673 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale [HADS]), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]). RESULTS: The @entity1 ' median age was 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6-61.5 years); 74 (50%) were female; 48 of 77 at CCC (62%) versus 13 of 72 at GPH (18%) were white; 21 of 77 (27%) versus 32 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were black; and 7 of 77 (9%) versus 27 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were Hispanic (p < .0001). @entity147 was present in 65 of 75 at CCC (86%; 95% CI: 76%-93%) versus 65 of 72 at GPH (90%; 95% CI: 81%-96%; p = .45). The median intensity of @entity147 at CCC and GPH was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-7) versus 8 (IQR: 3-10), respectively (p = .0003). @entity147 was reported as more severe than physical distress, distress about physical functioning, social/family distress, and @entity147 by 45 (30%), 46 (31%), 64 (43%), and 55 (37%) @entity5 , respectively (all significantly worse for @entity1 at GPH) (p < .05). @entity5 reported that @entity147 was affecting their general well-being (0 = not at all, 10 = very much) with a median score of 5 (IQR: 1-8). @entity147 correlated (Spearman correlation) with FACT-G (r = -0.23, p = .0057); HADS- @entity148 (r = .27, p = .0014), ESAS- @entity148 (r = .2, p = .0151), and ESAS- @entity308 (r = .18, p = .0336). CONCLUSION: @entity147 was very frequent in both groups, but median intensity was double among GPH @entity1 . More than 30% of @entity5 rated @entity147 to be more severe than physical, family, and @entity147 . More research is needed to better characterize @entity147 and its correlates in @entity5 and possible interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Financial distress is an important and common factor contributing to the suffering of @entity5 @entity1 and their caregivers. It should be suspected in @entity1 with persistent, refractory symptom expression. Early identification, measurement, and documentation will allow clinical teams to develop interventions to improve @entity147 and its impact on quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Financial Distress and Its Associations With Physical and Emotional Symptoms and Quality of Life Among XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer', 'AdCa']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'emotional distress', 'financial distress']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the effects of @entity147 ( @entity147 ) on overall suffering and quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this cross-sectional study, we examined the frequency of @entity147 and its correlates in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We interviewed 149 @entity1 , 77 at a comprehensive @entity5 center (CCC) and 72 at a general public hospital (GPH). @entity5 completed a self-rated @entity147 (subjective experience of distress attributed to financial problems) numeric rating scale (0 = best, 10 = worst) and validated questionnaires assessing symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), @entity2673 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale [HADS]), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]). RESULTS: The @entity1 ' median age was 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6-61.5 years); 74 (50%) were female; 48 of 77 at CCC (62%) versus 13 of 72 at GPH (18%) were white; 21 of 77 (27%) versus 32 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were black; and 7 of 77 (9%) versus 27 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were Hispanic (p < .0001). @entity147 was present in 65 of 75 at CCC (86%; 95% CI: 76%-93%) versus 65 of 72 at GPH (90%; 95% CI: 81%-96%; p = .45). The median intensity of @entity147 at CCC and GPH was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-7) versus 8 (IQR: 3-10), respectively (p = .0003). @entity147 was reported as more severe than physical distress, distress about physical functioning, social/family distress, and @entity147 by 45 (30%), 46 (31%), 64 (43%), and 55 (37%) @entity5 , respectively (all significantly worse for @entity1 at GPH) (p < .05). @entity5 reported that @entity147 was affecting their general well-being (0 = not at all, 10 = very much) with a median score of 5 (IQR: 1-8). @entity147 correlated (Spearman correlation) with FACT-G (r = -0.23, p = .0057); HADS- @entity148 (r = .27, p = .0014), ESAS- @entity148 (r = .2, p = .0151), and ESAS- @entity308 (r = .18, p = .0336). CONCLUSION: @entity147 was very frequent in both groups, but median intensity was double among GPH @entity1 . More than 30% of @entity5 rated @entity147 to be more severe than physical, family, and @entity147 . More research is needed to better characterize @entity147 and its correlates in @entity5 and possible interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Financial distress is an important and common factor contributing to the suffering of @entity5 @entity1 and their caregivers. It should be suspected in @entity1 with persistent, refractory symptom expression. Early identification, measurement, and documentation will allow clinical teams to develop interventions to improve @entity147 and its impact on quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Financial Distress and Its Associations With Physical and Emotional Symptoms and Quality of Life Among @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity303 is defined as chronic deterioration of intellectual function and cognitive skills significant enough to interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Recent advances in the treatment of @entity303 have renewed interest in the use of various neuroimaging techniques that can assist in the diagnosis and differentiation of various subtypes. Neuroimaging and computational techniques have helped the radiological community to monitor disease progression of @entity14827 presenting with @entity303 , such as @entity195 , @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ) and @entity9576 -cerebellar variant (MSA-C), and their response to newer therapies. Prompt identification of treatable or reversible forms of @entity303 , such as @entity5 , @entity548 and intracranial dAVF, is crucial for the effective management of these conditions. It is also prudent to recognize the imaging spectrum of metabolic, infective and @entity792 with rapidly progressing @entity303 , such as @entity1042 @entity137 , central pontine @entity6150 (CPM), delayed @entity62 (DPHL), @entity645 , @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), @entity10632 , @entity15 ( @entity15 ), radiation @entity39 and @entity21883 ( @entity21883 ), which are difficult to treat and often require palliative care. This pictorial review emphasizes various non- @entity195 entities and discusses their imaging highlights. Teaching Points     Non @entity195 constitutes a broad spectrum of conditions.     Neuroimaging plays an important role in differentiating treatable from irreversible @entity303 .     Neuroimaging is often non-specific in early stages of neurodegenerative conditions with @entity303 .     Neuroimaging plays an important role in the multimodal approach towards management of @entity303 .

title: Role of neuroimaging in multidisciplinary approach towards Non- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21883 :: ('MESH:C564105', 'Disease') :: ['FXTAS', 'Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['CJD', 'Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease', "Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['post hypoxic leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobe dementia', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity6150 :: ('MESH:D017590', 'Disease') :: ['myelinolysis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['various neurodegenerative conditions']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , @entity984 mutation status predicts response to treatment with monoclonal antibody targeting the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Recent reports have provided evidence that @entity984 mutation status has prognostic value in @entity1 with resectable @entity14 ( @entity14 ) irrespective of treatment with chemotherapy or anti- @entity470 therapy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to clarify the impact of @entity984 mutation on outcomes in @entity1 with resectable @entity14 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically to identify full-text articles reporting @entity984 -stratified overall ( @entity3012 ) or recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) survival after resection of @entity14 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 per cent c.i. from multivariable analyses were pooled in meta-analyses, and a random-effects model was used to calculate weight and overall results. RESULTS: The search returned 355 articles, of which 14, including 1809 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported @entity3012 after resection of @entity14 in 1181 @entity1 . The mutation rate was 27.6 per cent, and @entity984 mutation was negatively associated with @entity3012 (HR 2.24, 95 per cent c.i. 1.76 to 2.85). Seven studies reported @entity4434 after resection of @entity14 in 906 @entity1 . The mutation rate was 28.0 per cent, and @entity984 mutation was negatively associated with @entity4434 (HR 1.89, 1.54 to 2.32). CONCLUSION: @entity984 mutation status is a prognostic factor in @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity14 and should be considered in the evaluation of @entity1 having liver resection.

title: Meta-analysis of XXXX mutations and survival after resection of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CLM', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , @entity984 mutation status predicts response to treatment with monoclonal antibody targeting the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Recent reports have provided evidence that @entity984 mutation status has prognostic value in @entity1 with resectable @entity14 ( @entity14 ) irrespective of treatment with chemotherapy or anti- @entity470 therapy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to clarify the impact of @entity984 mutation on outcomes in @entity1 with resectable @entity14 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically to identify full-text articles reporting @entity984 -stratified overall ( @entity3012 ) or recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) survival after resection of @entity14 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 per cent c.i. from multivariable analyses were pooled in meta-analyses, and a random-effects model was used to calculate weight and overall results. RESULTS: The search returned 355 articles, of which 14, including 1809 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported @entity3012 after resection of @entity14 in 1181 @entity1 . The mutation rate was 27.6 per cent, and @entity984 mutation was negatively associated with @entity3012 (HR 2.24, 95 per cent c.i. 1.76 to 2.85). Seven studies reported @entity4434 after resection of @entity14 in 906 @entity1 . The mutation rate was 28.0 per cent, and @entity984 mutation was negatively associated with @entity4434 (HR 1.89, 1.54 to 2.32). CONCLUSION: @entity984 mutation status is a prognostic factor in @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity14 and should be considered in the evaluation of @entity1 having liver resection.

title: Meta-analysis of @entity984 mutations and survival after resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LB) are the 2 most common operations used to treat morbid @entity28 , but few controlled comparative studies have reported perioperative and long-term outcomes. DESIGN: Two-cohort pair-matched study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred consecutive morbidly @entity28 @entity1 treated with LB were pair-matched by sex, race, age, initial body mass index, and presence of @entity6 with 100 @entity1 who were treated with RYGB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative and @entity260 , reoperations, and 1-year outcomes, including @entity353 , and quality of life. RESULTS: The RYGB and LB groups had similar characteristics. One-year outcomes were available for 93 @entity1 in the LB group and 92 in the RYGB group. The overall rate of complications was similar in both groups (11 @entity1 in the LB group [12%] vs 14 in the RYGB group [15%]; P = .83), with a higher rate of early complications ( <= 30 days) after RYGB (11 @entity1 [11%] vs 2 [2%] for LB; P = .01) and a higher rate of reoperations after LB (12 @entity1 [13%] vs 2 for RYGB [2%]; P = .009). No @entity204 occurred. Excess @entity353 (36% vs 64%; P < .01), resolution of @entity6 (17 @entity1 [50%] vs 26 [76%]; P = .04), and quality-of-life measures were better in the RYGB group. CONCLUSIONS: When performed in high-volume centers by expert surgeons, RYGB has a similar rate of overall complications and lower rate of reoperations than LB. With the benefit of greater @entity353 , increased resolution of @entity6 , and improved quality of life, RYGB, in these circumstances, has a better risk-benefit profile than LB.

title: Better XXXX , resolution of @entity6 , and quality of life for laparoscopic gastric bypass vs banding: results of a 2-cohort pair-matched study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss, type 2 diabetes resolution', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LB) are the 2 most common operations used to treat morbid @entity28 , but few controlled comparative studies have reported perioperative and long-term outcomes. DESIGN: Two-cohort pair-matched study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred consecutive morbidly @entity28 @entity1 treated with LB were pair-matched by sex, race, age, initial body mass index, and presence of @entity6 with 100 @entity1 who were treated with RYGB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative and @entity260 , reoperations, and 1-year outcomes, including @entity353 , and quality of life. RESULTS: The RYGB and LB groups had similar characteristics. One-year outcomes were available for 93 @entity1 in the LB group and 92 in the RYGB group. The overall rate of complications was similar in both groups (11 @entity1 in the LB group [12%] vs 14 in the RYGB group [15%]; P = .83), with a higher rate of early complications ( <= 30 days) after RYGB (11 @entity1 [11%] vs 2 [2%] for LB; P = .01) and a higher rate of reoperations after LB (12 @entity1 [13%] vs 2 for RYGB [2%]; P = .009). No @entity204 occurred. Excess @entity353 (36% vs 64%; P < .01), resolution of @entity6 (17 @entity1 [50%] vs 26 [76%]; P = .04), and quality-of-life measures were better in the RYGB group. CONCLUSIONS: When performed in high-volume centers by expert surgeons, RYGB has a similar rate of overall complications and lower rate of reoperations than LB. With the benefit of greater @entity353 , increased resolution of @entity6 , and improved quality of life, RYGB, in these circumstances, has a better risk-benefit profile than LB.

title: Better @entity353 , resolution of XXXX , and quality of life for laparoscopic gastric bypass vs banding: results of a 2-cohort pair-matched study.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity438 (PCA) are a distinct rarity and present with some peculiar morphologic features and specific clinical findings. These @entity439 can be managed endovascularly with good results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and endovascular management of @entity438 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2008, we treated 24 @entity1 (14 male and 10 female; mean age: 36 years) with @entity438 . Clinical presentations, radiologic images, and endovascular management were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 11 saccular @entity439 , including 4 giant or large @entity439 , and 13 dissecting @entity439 , including 11 giant or large @entity439 . Of the 24 @entity1 , 13 presented with @entity548 and 6 with @entity51 . Five @entity1 presented with @entity10 without any @entity51 . Parent vessel occlusion was performed in 12 @entity1 , selective coil embolization was performed in 11 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 conservatively. Eighteen @entity1 had a good recovery, 5 had a moderate disability (one with 1 @entity227 after the treatment) related to @entity548 , @entity2553 , or @entity1188 before @entity439 trapping, and 1 @entity1 died because of rebleeding. The conservatively treated @entity1 made a good recovery. CONCLUSION: @entity438 have specific clinical characteristics compared with @entity439 located elsewhere. Endovascular technique can achieve good outcomes despite the aneurysmal site and size.

title: Characteristics and endovascular treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficit']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms of the posterior cerebral artery', 'PCA aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['aneurysms of posterior cerebral artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlled studies on the effect of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact on @entity281 ( @entity281 ) among neurosurgical @entity1 are scarce. Aim : To evaluate the effect of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact on @entity281 after elective neurosurgical procedures. SETTING AND DESIGN: Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. An intervention study using a 'before-after' design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two 9-month study periods were compared; between these periods, an infection-control protocol incorporating an @entity167 -based hand rub was implemented for a period of 3 months and continued thereafter. Consecutive @entity1 who underwent neurosurgery between January and September 2006 (control group, before protocol) and between January and September 2007 (intervention group, after protocol) were included. Outcome measures included @entity281 rates, profile of microorganisms and @entity1 survival. Statistical Analysis : SPSS statistics version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 1,899 operated cases were reviewed. The @entity1 in the control and intervention groups were similar with regard to sex, age and type of neurosurgery. The @entity281 rates were 22 (2.3%) out of 974 in the control group and 14 (1.5%) out of 925 in the intervention group (P = 0.2). @entity1 survival rates were 97.6% (control) and 98.3% (intervention). Post hoc power calculation for an alpha value equal to 0.05, the power obtained was 24.9%, showing inadequacy of sample size to get significant results. To achieve 80% power, the sample size required is about 4,800 each for the control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact in the neurosurgical intensive care unit did not show a significant reduction in @entity281 in the present study. This lack of difference between the two groups may be related to the inadequate sample size. The other possibility is that both the strategies are of equal efficacy for prevention of SSIs.

title: XXXX -based hand rub and @entity281 after elective neurosurgery: an intervention.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlled studies on the effect of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact on @entity281 ( @entity281 ) among neurosurgical @entity1 are scarce. Aim : To evaluate the effect of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact on @entity281 after elective neurosurgical procedures. SETTING AND DESIGN: Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. An intervention study using a 'before-after' design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two 9-month study periods were compared; between these periods, an infection-control protocol incorporating an @entity167 -based hand rub was implemented for a period of 3 months and continued thereafter. Consecutive @entity1 who underwent neurosurgery between January and September 2006 (control group, before protocol) and between January and September 2007 (intervention group, after protocol) were included. Outcome measures included @entity281 rates, profile of microorganisms and @entity1 survival. Statistical Analysis : SPSS statistics version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 1,899 operated cases were reviewed. The @entity1 in the control and intervention groups were similar with regard to sex, age and type of neurosurgery. The @entity281 rates were 22 (2.3%) out of 974 in the control group and 14 (1.5%) out of 925 in the intervention group (P = 0.2). @entity1 survival rates were 97.6% (control) and 98.3% (intervention). Post hoc power calculation for an alpha value equal to 0.05, the power obtained was 24.9%, showing inadequacy of sample size to get significant results. To achieve 80% power, the sample size required is about 4,800 each for the control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity167 -based hand rub before and after each @entity1 contact in the neurosurgical intensive care unit did not show a significant reduction in @entity281 in the present study. This lack of difference between the two groups may be related to the inadequate sample size. The other possibility is that both the strategies are of equal efficacy for prevention of SSIs.

title: @entity167 -based hand rub and XXXX after elective neurosurgery: an intervention.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['surgical site infection']


abstract: This study aimed to determine whether there was any association between the regional climate and the proportion of @entity1 with joint @entity158 . Regional climate data between 1971 and 2000 were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The variables used in the cluster analysis included sunlight hours, amount of precipitation, number of days with precipitation, and temperature. The regional proportion of @entity1 with joint @entity158 was obtained from the National Survey for Health in 2001. After performing a cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Welch's test were used to determine whether the climate characteristics of the clusters were significantly different. Within each cluster, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed. We found that sunlight hours showed a direct, negative association with the proportion of @entity1 with joint @entity158 (adjusted R2=0.532, p=0.016) in cluster 1, which was characterized as the region with the fewest total hours of sunlight, less precipitation, a modest number of rainy days, and low temperature. In the other clusters, the regional female population rate (cluster 2) and the senior population rate (cluster 3, 4) were the primary predictors. We concluded that the degree of exposure to sunlight may play a crucial role in prevention of joint @entity158 . This finding should encourage @entity1 to set aside some time for staying outdoors in their daily lives.

title: The relationship between joint XXXX and climate conditions in Japan.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain representative echocardiographic measurements of cardiac size and function in stable @entity1 with @entity3458 . This prospective, multicenter study utilized central reading of echocardiograms by an investigator blinded to other @entity1 data. Stable outpatients from a balance of inner city and rural settings with SS phenotype and a broad age range were selected, because conflicting results from earlier studies were believed to be due to these @entity1 selection criteria. Right and left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness, left atrial and aortic root dimensions, and systolic time intervals were measured. Body surface area indexed chamber dimensions and septal thickness were significantly increased from normal. Except for the right ventricle, chamber dimensions and wall thickness were inversely correlated with hemoglobin. The relationship between left ventricular dimension and hemoglobin was significantly dependent on age. Systolic time interval ratios were normal though left ventricular ejection time was prolonged. Shortening fraction was normal but velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was abnormally low. Stable @entity1 with @entity3458 have dilated chambers, @entity1184 , and normal contractility. Though @entity5988 was inversely related to hemoglobin, age (duration of illness) was an important factor in that relationship. No specific @entity296 was associated with @entity3458 .

title: The heart in XXXX . The Cooperative Study of @entity3458 (CSSCD).

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia', 'sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain representative echocardiographic measurements of cardiac size and function in stable @entity1 with @entity3458 . This prospective, multicenter study utilized central reading of echocardiograms by an investigator blinded to other @entity1 data. Stable outpatients from a balance of inner city and rural settings with SS phenotype and a broad age range were selected, because conflicting results from earlier studies were believed to be due to these @entity1 selection criteria. Right and left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness, left atrial and aortic root dimensions, and systolic time intervals were measured. Body surface area indexed chamber dimensions and septal thickness were significantly increased from normal. Except for the right ventricle, chamber dimensions and wall thickness were inversely correlated with hemoglobin. The relationship between left ventricular dimension and hemoglobin was significantly dependent on age. Systolic time interval ratios were normal though left ventricular ejection time was prolonged. Shortening fraction was normal but velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was abnormally low. Stable @entity1 with @entity3458 have dilated chambers, @entity1184 , and normal contractility. Though @entity5988 was inversely related to hemoglobin, age (duration of illness) was an important factor in that relationship. No specific @entity296 was associated with @entity3458 .

title: The heart in @entity3458 . The Cooperative Study of XXXX (CSSCD).

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['Sickle Cell Disease']


abstract: NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? This study addresses the following two central questions. (i) What is the impact of vascular deconditioning after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) on shear rate patterns and endothelial function? (ii) What is the impact of acutely altered shear rate on endothelial function in both @entity1566 and able-bodied control subjects? What is the main finding and its importance? Two main findings in the present study were as follows: (i) reduced superficial femoral artery endothelial function in the @entity1566 group; and (ii) acutely altered shear rate decreased endothelial function in both @entity1566 and able-bodied control subjects. These findings may shed some light on future interventions taking into account these regulatory mechanisms. @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) induces vascular deconditioning below the level of the lesion and disrupts sympathetic innervation of blood vessels. It is unclear how these changes affect shear rate (SR) profiles and endothelial function when compared with able-bodied (AB) @entity1 . Recent evidence suggests that periods of increased retrograde SR are associated with acute decreases in endothelial function, but is unknown how modified SR patterns influence sublesional vasculature in @entity1566 . The present study examined the acute and chronic effects of altered SR patterns and oscillatory shear index on endothelial function via relative flow-mediated dilatation ( @entity4631 %) in both the brachial and superficial femoral arteries (BA and SFA, respectively) of eight individuals with @entity1566 and eight matched AB control subjects. Baseline BA SR patterns and @entity4631 % were similar between groups, while SFA anterograde SR was higher (P < 0.01) and @entity4631 % lower (P = 0.04) in @entity1566 versus AB subjects. Shear rate patterns were then acutely altered through the BA and SFA using a subsystolic cuff-inflation model. Bilateral @entity4631 assessments were conducted before and after 30 min of unilateral inflation of a forearm or thigh blood pressure cuff to 75 mmHg. Cuff inflation resulted in concomitant increases in both anterograde (P < 0.05) and retrograde SR (P < 0.05), as well as acute decreases in @entity4631 % (P < 0.05) in the BA and @entity10194 in both groups. These results highlight that brief manipulation of SR patterns can acutely impair @entity4631 % in conditions of both normal and altered sympathetic innervation and arterial remodelling. This information is crucial when designing strategies to combat @entity73 in both healthy and clinical populations.

title: Impact of shear rate pattern on upper and lower limb conduit artery endothelial function in both spinal cord-injured and able-bodied XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vascular function']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although dialysis technology greatly improved in recent years, it remained unclear whether those improvements helped decrease the incidence of dialysis-related @entity2783 (DRA). Accordingly, we retrospectively compared the incidence of first-time @entity923 ( @entity923 )-as proxy for DRA onset-in two cohorts of chronic hemodialysis @entity1 , with the second cohort studied after dialysis methods (especially dialyzate quality control) had greatly improved. METHODS: We used the 1998 and 2010 Japan Renal Data Registries to compare crude risk of first-time @entity923 the following year. After adjusting for @entity1 background and laboratory data, odds ratios (ORs) for @entity923 in the whole cohorts and the populations matched by propensity score (PS) for hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration were calculated at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Of note, 2 02 726 @entity1 were analyzed. In the 1998 cohort, 1.77% experienced first-time @entity923 compared with 1.30% of the 2010 cohort (P < 0.001); with 2010 as referent, the adjusted 1998 OR was 2.22 (1.68-2.95). Both crude risks and adjusted ORs were analyzed by dialysis vintage, age, pre-dialysis @entity6393 (b2m) and b2m clearance, risk of @entity923 trending 1.5-2.0 higher in 1998 than 2010. The reduction was most prominent in @entity1 with longer dialysis vintage, @entity1 who were younger, and those with lower pre-dialysis b2m levels. Similar results were obtained by PS-matched analysis. We also found that b2m clearance >80% may reduce risk of @entity923 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of first-time @entity923 as proxy for DRA decreased significantly from 1998 to 2010. Several factors may have contributed to this decrease, including improved dialysis methods.

title: Significance of the decreased risk of dialysis-related XXXX now proven by results from Japanese nationwide surveys in 1998 and 2010.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel surgery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood (WB) injections in @entity1 with chronic hamstring @entity924 . METHODS: In a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial, PRP or WB was injected under ultrasound guidance into the proximal hamstring tendon in a cohort of @entity1 with clinically suspected hamstring @entity924 . Questionnaires were administered before injection and 2, 6, and 12 weeks and 6 months after injection. @entity158 and function outcomes were measured via the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), Hip Outcome Scores for activities of daily living (ADL) and sport-specific function, and International Hip Outcome Tool 33 (IHOT-33). Diagnostic ultrasound was used to compare preinjection and 6-month postinjection tendon appearances. RESULTS: The WB group showed greater improvements in @entity158 and function over the PRP group before 12 weeks, whereas the PRP group showed improved outcomes over WB at 6 months. None of these between-group outcome measures, except 6-week IHOT-33, showed statistical significance. Comparing preinjection and 6-month scores, the PRP group showed significant improvements in ADL (P = .018) and IHOT-33 (P = .28) scores, whereas the WB group showed no significant improvements from baseline. The WB group showed significantly decreased @entity158 with 15-minute sitting (P= .008) at 6 months. Ultrasound imaging showed no significant differences between PRP and WB group tendon appearances. CONCLUSIONS: Both PRP and WB groups showed improvements in all outcome measures at 6 months. The PRP group showed significant improvements in 6-month ADL and IHOT-33 scores. The WB group reached significance in 15-minute sitting @entity158 . No significant between-group differences were observed at any time point.

title: Ultrasound-Guided Intratendinous Injections With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Autologous Whole Blood for Treatment of XXXX : A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'tendinosis']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy']


abstract: As in other organs, leukocyte adhesion molecules and their ligands play a major role in cutaneous inflammatory events both by directing leukocyte trafficking and by their effects on antigen presentation. Skin biopsies of inflamed skin from @entity1 with diseases such as as @entity1569 or @entity483 reveal up-regulation of endothelial cell expression of @entity73264 , @entity67182 . Studies of evolving lesions following UVB irradiation, Mantoux reaction or application of contact allergen, demonstrate that expression of these adhesion molecules parallels leukocyte infiltration into skin. When cutaneous @entity32 is widespread (e.g. in @entity5658 ), soluble forms of these molecules are detectable in serum. In vitro studies predict that peptide mediators are important regulatory factors for endothelial adhesion molecules. Intradermal injection of the cytokines interleukin 1, @entity5 necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma into normal @entity1 skin leads to induction of endothelial adhesion molecules with concomitant infiltration of leukocytes. In addition, neuropeptides rapidly induce @entity8729 translocation to the cell membrane and expression of @entity4105 . Adhesion molecules also play a crucial role as accessory molecules in the presentation of antigen to T lymphocytes by Langerhans' cells. Expression of selectin ligands by Langerhans' cells is up-regulated by various inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that adhesion molecules may be important in Langerhans' cell migration. The skin, because of its accessibility, is an ideal organ in which to study expression of adhesion molecules and their relationship to inflammatory events. Inflammatory @entity272 are common and inhibition of lymphocyte accumulation in skin is likely to prove of great therapeutic benefit.

title: Adhesion molecules in cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity67182 :: ('7412;3383', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: 71 @entity1 (83 hips) with @entity2530 of the @entity2738 were followed up. The @entity1 had bilateral @entity39 (12), and unilateral (59). Their ages ranged from 19 to 71 years. Ficat classification showed stage I for 1 hip, stage II 19 hips, stage III 35 hips, and stage IV hips. According to the severity, the range of motion, the age, and the X-ray appearances, 6 kinds of procedures were used including decompression with bone grafting (32 hips), surface arthroplasty with cartilage (4), surface arthroplasty with fascia (4), replacement of @entity2738 (7), @entity2445 (20), and obturator neuroetomy (16). The follow-up period ranged from 2 years and 3 months to 10 years and 5 months. Postoperative improvement included @entity158 (39.7%), range of motion (21.7%), and walking (33.7%). Among the procedures, decompression with bone grafting showed best results. Treatment revealed better results in stage I, II than in stage III, IV. We emphysize the early diagnosis and management, and choice of procedure should base on the clinical classification.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity2530 of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: 71 @entity1 (83 hips) with @entity2530 of the @entity2738 were followed up. The @entity1 had bilateral @entity39 (12), and unilateral (59). Their ages ranged from 19 to 71 years. Ficat classification showed stage I for 1 hip, stage II 19 hips, stage III 35 hips, and stage IV hips. According to the severity, the range of motion, the age, and the X-ray appearances, 6 kinds of procedures were used including decompression with bone grafting (32 hips), surface arthroplasty with cartilage (4), surface arthroplasty with fascia (4), replacement of @entity2738 (7), @entity2445 (20), and obturator neuroetomy (16). The follow-up period ranged from 2 years and 3 months to 10 years and 5 months. Postoperative improvement included @entity158 (39.7%), range of motion (21.7%), and walking (33.7%). Among the procedures, decompression with bone grafting showed best results. Treatment revealed better results in stage I, II than in stage III, IV. We emphysize the early diagnosis and management, and choice of procedure should base on the clinical classification.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the @entity2738 ].

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['avascular necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to identify clinical characteristics, natural history, and results of medical and surgical treatment of anal fissures in @entity30 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity30 and anal fissure. RESULTS: Of the 56 study @entity1 , 49 (84 percent) had symptomatic fissures. Fissures were most commonly (66 percent) located in the posterior midline, and 18 @entity1 (32 percent) had multiple fissures. Fissures healed in one-half of @entity1 treated medically. Factors predictive of successful medical treatment included male gender, painless fissure, and acute fissure. Of 15 @entity1 , 10 (67 percent) treated surgically healed. Fissures in seven of eight @entity1 (88 percent) who underwent anorectal procedures healed compared with fissures in only three of seven @entity1 (43 percent) who underwent proximal intestinal resection. In the group of 50 @entity1 with complete follow-up studies, an @entity733 or @entity292 from the base of an unhealed fissure developed in 13 @entity1 (26 percent). More fissures healed after anorectal surgery (88 percent) than after medical treatment alone (49 percent; P = 0.05) or after abnormal surgery (29 percent; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This series documents that unhealed fissures frequently progress to more ominous anal pathologic disease. Judicious use of internal sphincterotomy appears to be safe for fissures unresponsive to medical treatment.

title: Anal fissure in XXXX : a plea for aggressive management.

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['anal abscess']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Little is known regarding the long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 treated by local excision and radiation therapy. We updated our institutional experience with this approach. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 1991, 23 @entity1 (median age, 64 (range, 30-80) years) with mobile, moderately differentiated @entity188 were offered transanal excision. Two @entity1 with large T3 @entity5 , who were judged intraoperatively to be unsuited for a local procedure, received radical resection and were excluded from analysis. Twenty-one @entity1 underwent transanal excision en bloc (14) or piece-meal (7) through a resectoscope. Seven @entity1 (74 percent) had either extensive medical problems or refused a colostomy. @entity1 received a median of 5,040 cGy postoperatively, and 15 also received 500 cGy preoperatively on protocol. Two @entity1 received concomitant chemotherapy. Median follow-up is 56 months for all @entity1 and 67 months for survivors (range, 27-92 months). RESULTS: There were 2 T1, 15 T2, and 4 T3 @entity5 . The distance from the anal verge was a median of 4 (range, 1-7) cm. The median @entity5 size was 3 (range, 2-7) cm. Sixteen @entity1 had more than one-third of the wall involved. Four @entity1 (19 percent) developed a local recurrence at 26, 30, 33, and 48 (median, 31.5) months. Three were salvaged (abdominoperineal resection = 2; low anterior resection = 1) and remain disease-free 18, 36, and 37 months postoperatively. Four @entity1 (19 percent) developed @entity3 (lung = 3; liver = 1) at 3, 22, 25 and 44 months after initial treatment (median, 23.5 months). The actuarial five-year overall, disease-free and recurrence-free survival are 77, 75, and 58 percent, respectively. Twelve @entity1 (57 percent) have no evidence of disease while retaining their rectum. There was one @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up confirms that local excision and radiation therapy is of value in @entity1 with mobile @entity5 of the rectum. It suggests that this treatment can be offered to those @entity1 who refuse a colostomy or are medically compromised and may be an acceptable option for selected @entity1 with T2 or T3, mobile @entity420 of the rectum.

title: Long-term follow-up of local excision and radiation therapy for invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured in 140 normal young @entity1 (aged 20 to 39 years) and in 423 consecutive @entity1 over age 40 referred for evaluation of @entity170 . Lumbar spine and proximal femur @entity79 was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd), whereas the radius shaft measurement used single-photon absorptiometry (125I). There were 324 older @entity1 with no @entity174 , of which 278 aged 60 to 80 years served as age-matched controls. There were 99 @entity1 with @entity174 including 32 with vertebral and 22 with @entity173 . Subsequently, another 25 @entity1 with @entity173 had @entity79 measured in another laboratory; their mean @entity79 was within 2% of that of the original series. The mean age in both the nonfracture and @entity174 groups was 70 +/- 5 years. The @entity79 in the age-matched controls was 20% to 25% below that of normal young @entity1 for the radius, spine, and femur, but the Ward's triangle region of the femur showed even greater loss (35%). The mean @entity79 at all sites in the crush @entity174 cases was about 10% to 15% below that of age-matched controls. @entity4681 was best discriminated by spine and femoral measurements (Z score about 0.9). In @entity1 with @entity173 , the @entity79 was 10% below that of age-matched controls for the radius and the spine, and the @entity79 for the femoral sites was about 25% to 30% below that of age-matched control (Z score about 1.6). Femoral densities gave the best discrimination of @entity173 cases and even reflected spinal @entity2331 . In contrast, neither the spine nor the radius reflected the full extent of femoral @entity2331 in @entity173 .

title: Bone density of the radius, spine, and proximal femur in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: 97 @entity1 with @entity1644 were treated surgically during the last 12 years. Only those @entity1 in which the disease showed rapid progression in the last 1/2-1 year were operated. Of these 97 @entity1 54 were followed for 5 years or longer. 28 @entity1 were treated by suboccipital decompression, 17 by terminal ventriculostomy, 4 by myelotomy and syringo-subarachnoid shunt; 5 had a combination of two procedures. Very good results were obtained in 12 @entity1 (22%), satisfactory-in 31 (58%) and poor results-in 11 (20%). Very good results were more often achieved after suboccipital decompression, but each method had as well excellent as unsatisfactory results, and the number of the @entity1 is too small as to allow statistically significant conclusions. It is almost impossible to predict the result of the surgical treatment in @entity1644 , but good results were obtained most often in young @entity1 with relatively short duration of the disease. However, it is not the rule. Satisfactory results can even be obtained in older @entity1 with long lasting disease and poor neurological status. The best method of surgical treatment is still under discussion.

title: Late results of the surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: In about one third of @entity1 with @entity508 due to spinal @entity130 , @entity15 , and @entity1545 adequate control with oral antispastic medication cannot be achieved and successful rehabilitation is severely handicapped. In the past these @entity1 were subjected to destructive chemical procedures or extensive surgery. The authors present the results of management of uncontrollable @entity508 by means of continuous intrathecal administration of @entity1772 with a totally implantable gas driven pump system (Infusaid). 30 @entity1 were treated between June 1985 and January. 1987. The main indication was incapacitating @entity508 resistant to oral treatment with @entity1772 and caused by @entity1566 or lesion (11 @entity1 ), @entity15 (11 @entity1 ), @entity306 (3 @entity1 ) and @entity131 , @entity519 or ischaemia (5 @entity1 ). Clinical assessment included @entity508 scores, integrated electromyography (Iemg) and motography. Effective control for @entity508 with mean reduction of Iemg by 55%, decrease of Ashworth's score from 3 to 0 and improvement of life quality was obtained in all @entity1 with daily dose of 10-800 micrograms of @entity1772 . Voluntary resting motoricity was not impaired and there were no untoward central side effects. The excellent effect of intrathecal @entity1772 in comparison with oral therapy is explained by local, spinal GABAergic inhibitory action of the drug which is delivered directly into spinal subarachnoid space. Dose finding and dose adjustment is performed prior to pump implantation by intermittent injections into a subcutaneous port. The complications of the procedure were minor (catheter displacement, disconnection) and easily correctable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Implanted pump systems for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity', 'violent spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['infantile cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: Radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocols can cause swallowing difficulties. AIM: To evaluate swallowing in @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocol only for the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective study of 20 @entity1 , with a mean age of 62 years, at the end of oncological therapy. Six @entity1 (30%) underwent radiation therapy, and 14 @entity1 (70%) underwent combined therapy. The mean time between treatment and an evaluation of swallowing was 8.5 months. Videofluoroscopy was done to assess the preparatory, oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. RESULTS: All @entity1 had only an oral diet. Normal swallowing was present in only 25% of @entity1 . The swallowing videofluoroscopic examination identified the following changes: bolus formation (85%), bolus ejection (60%), oral @entity3179 (55%), changes in the onset of the pharyngeal phase (100%), decreased laryngeal elevation (65%), and hypopharyngeal stasis (80%). Laryngeal penetration was observed in 25% of the cases; 40% presented tracheal aspiration. The grade of penetration/aspiration was mild in 60% of cases. Aspiration was silent in 35% of @entity1 . Although 75% of @entity1 had @entity1282 , only 25% complained of swallowing difficulties. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 that underwent radiation therapy/combined treatment can present changes in all swallowing phases, or may be asymptomatic.

title: [Swallowing after non-surgical treatment (radiation therapy / radiochemotherapy protocol) of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'laryngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['cavity stasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: Thirty-three cases of primary @entity703 , i.e., 14 @entity703 , 14 @entity1698 , treated at our hospital between November, 1976 and August, 1987 are reviewed retrospectively. @entity5 occurred on the right side in 18 cases, left side in 14 cases and bilateral in one case. The @entity1 ranged in age from 33 to 77 years (average 65.7 years), the sex ratio was 4.5:1 with male predominance over female. The most frequent symptoms were gross @entity811 in 22 cases (67%). Interval from onset of initial symptoms to first visit within one month for 23 cases (70%). The major findings of excretory urograms were non-visualizing kidney in 18 cases (55%) and filling defect in 12 cases (36%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 18 cases (55%). Operative therapy was performed in all cases, namely, total nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy in 21 cases (64%) and nephrectomy with transurethral ureterectomy in 7 cases (21%). Histopathologically, all cases but one case of @entity957 were @entity1606 . Subsequent @entity150 were found in 10 cases (30%). The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years were 84%, 68% and 61%, respectively by Kaplan-Meier method. In this series, grade and stage of @entity5 were the most influential factors for prognosis.

title: [A clinical study of 33 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral tumors and 5 renal pelvic and ureteral tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic tumors', 'renal pelvic and/or ureteral tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumors']


abstract: Case 1: A 58-year-old @entity1 was seen with dull @entity158 over the left flank. The X-ray examination revealed a @entity1290 in the left kidney. On operation, a globular hard mass was found in the lower portion of the posterior aspect of the kidney from which a biopsy specimen was obtained. A frozen section study showed @entity1358 , and nephrectomy was performed. The @entity1 is well four years after the operation without recurrence or @entity3 . Case 2: A 50-year-old @entity1 consulted with microhematuria pointed out in a physical examination. At the operation for @entity1290 , we found the mass in the lower portion of the kidney. A frozen section study of the mass revealed @entity1358 . We performed nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy on the renal pedicle. The @entity1 is well three years after the operation. We reviewed the cases of @entity1358 associated with @entity1290 reported in Japan and discussed how the nephrectomy should be performed according to the frozen section study.

title: [Unexpected XXXX found during the operation in renal calculus: report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi', 'renal stone']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: The exposure of surface dressing workers to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) was studied. Four different paving sites, at which coal tar-containing binders were applied, were selected as work sites with high exposure levels of @entity2556 . Breathing zone airborne particulates, contamination of the skin with @entity2556 , and @entity9434 in urine of the workers involved in chip sealing were determined. Substantial concentrations of @entity13479 -soluble airborne particulate matter were found (GM = 0.2 mg/m3, n = 28). Skin contamination was determined using two different methods: with exposure pads and by hand washing. Pads were mounted on several parts of the body: wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder, and ankle. The pads located on the wrist appeared to be the most contaminated ( @entity9435 : GM = 22 ng/1.77 cm2, n = 40). The end-of-shift hand washing showed that the hands of the workers were contaminated with @entity2556 ( @entity9435 : GM = 70 micrograms, n = 35). Preshift hand washing showed far lower, but detectable, quantities of @entity2556 on workers' hands ( @entity9435 : GM = 5 micrograms, n = 35). Enhanced levels of urinary @entity9434 among the workers were found. The highest levels were found in the end-of-shift urine samples. Correlations between the @entity9435 exposure variables were studied. Significant positive correlations were found between @entity9435 on the wrist pad versus end-of-shift urinary @entity9434 ; between @entity9435 on the hands versus end-of-shift urinary @entity9434 ; and between the two different skin contamination variables.

title: Airborne concentrations, skin contamination, and urinary metabolite excretion of XXXX among paving workers exposed to coal tar derived road tars.

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: The connective tissue associated with the myenteric plexus of the @entity1 oesophagus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibres were identified by picrosirius staining with polarization microscopy and from their fine structural morphology. A capsule of connective tissue invests the ganglia while septa of connective tissue separate groups of @entity4494 neurons, surrounding each individual @entity4494 neuron and each nerve bundle. Collagen fibrils surround the ganglia, each @entity4494 neuron and each nerve bundle. The fibrils are disposed in various orientations forming networks. Elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres were identified by their staining characteristics and fine structural morphology. The bulk of the @entity4494 sheath consists of coarse elastic fibres and elaunin fibres. Elaunin and oxytalan fibres form the intraganglionic network. Oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres appear to be located in areas related to different stresses and deformation to which the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are exposed during the contraction of the esophageal wall. The ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the @entity1 oesophagus show structural organisation of the connective tissue component similar to that seen in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.

title: Identification of collagen, elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres in ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the XXXX oesophagus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The development of an effective and safe gene therapy for prevention of @entity177 , either acute or chronic, relies on the use of applicable and reproducible models of @entity177 . Evaluation of potential new therapies usually involves assessment of beneficial phenotypic changes to vascular cells in isolated cells, in more complex organ cultures, and in in vivo models. We have extensively utilized gene transfer in isolated @entity1 vein vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) (1). Furthermore, we have extended our initial studies and evaluated potential gene therapies in a @entity1 saphenous vein organ culture model (2,3). The use of @entity1 saphenous vein, in this context, is advantageous as it is the most commonly used conduit for bypass grafting in the clinic. However, the organ culture model is static, and additionally studies need to be carried out in an in vivo model. In this chapter we describe a porcine model of vein graft @entity8233 formation. @entity1707 arteriovenous bypass grafting provides a reproducible model of intimal thickening, which is associated with late @entity177 , and the effect of potential gene therapies can be assessed over long periods (up to 6 mo) (4; see Fig. 1). Furthermore, the saphenous vein is removed prior to grafting, and ex vivo genetic manipulation can be performed, providing a simple, controllable and safe method of gene transfer prior to grafting in vivo. Fig. 1. @entity8233 formation in porcine saphenous vein grafts. Removal of grafts at 7 d (A) and 28 d (B) reveals extensive and progressive @entity8233 formation. The intimal/ medial border is indicated with arrows in each case. A, adventitia; M, media; I, intima.

title: A XXXX model of vein graft disease applications for potential gene therapies.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['vein graft failure']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['Neointima', 'neointima']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effort @entity715 of the subclavian vein is often inadequately treated--and most of the time treatment is late. Physicians are unfamiliar with this syndrome and its treatment. STUDY DESIGN: In 65 @entity1 with this syndrome, three major categories were recognized. The acute group (less than one week) comprised 14 @entity1 subdivided into first time occurrence, recurrent episode, or occurrence after previous surgery for thoracic outlet. The subacute group (between one and two weeks) comprised four @entity1 with the same subdivisions as the acute group. The chronic group (greater than two weeks) comprised 47 @entity1 . Acute and subacute cases were treated with direct lytic therapy (urokinase) followed by operation. An anterior subclavicular approach was used to remove the first rib, subclavius, and anterior scalene muscles and to have safe access to the vein. @entity1 in the chronic stage required vein patch angioplasty of the strictured segment. RESULTS: In acute cases (first time occurrence) decompression of the vein only at the thoracic outlet was effective in 100 percent of cases (eight @entity1 ). Vein patch angioplasty was needed in recurrent, subacute, and chronic cases. This procedure was 100 percent effective if @entity850 was less than 2 cm long. @entity1347 had only a 37.5 percent (three of eight) success rate. Fourteen @entity1 were considered inoperable. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that effort @entity715 of the subclavian vein be treated acutely with thrombolytic agents followed by operation. This aims to prevent chronic @entity82 of the subclavian vein, which is a consistent complication in @entity1 who have had delayed treatment for more than two weeks. If operable, chronic stage @entity1 always require vein patch angioplasty.

title: Need for emergency treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous obliteration']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Longer-segment obstructions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['subclavian vein effort thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this prospective study was to assess the contribution of laparoscopy combined with laparoscopic ultrasonography (LLU) in the preoperative staging of @entity1 with @entity189 and @entity418 . STUDY DESIGN: Preoperative LLU was performed in 56 @entity1 who were selected for curative resection of @entity189 (n = 38) or @entity356 with involvement of the distal esophagus (n = 18) after routine preoperative workup. During LLU, the peritoneal cavity was scrutinized for metastatic disease, and ultrasonography of the liver and celiac axis was performed. In all @entity1 without histologically proven metastases, laparotomy was then performed. RESULTS: The morbidity rate of the procedure was 3.5 percent (two superficial wound infections). In three (5 percent) of the 56 @entity1 , laparotomy was excluded by the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. In three other @entity1 , laparotomy was necessary to confirm the suspected hepatic or peritoneal metastases, or both, because histologic proof was not obtained at laparoscopy. In one @entity1 , LLU failed to detect a small hepatic metastasis in segment VII. The preoperative stage was altered by laparoscopy in nine (17 percent) @entity1 (M1 in six, T4 in three). Laparotomy was avoided in two (11 percent) and the preoperative stage changed in seven @entity1 (41 percent), all of whom had @entity356 , as occurred in one (3 percent) and two (6 percent) @entity1 with @entity189 of the esophagus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative staging by LLU is of little value in @entity1 with @entity189 of the middle and lower esophagus. The probable role of LLU in the staging of @entity1 with @entity356 remains to be confirmed in larger series.

title: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gastric cardia', 'carcinomas of the gastric cardia', 'gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['middle and distal carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the esophagus', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia']


abstract: Skin samples from most body regions of the @entity38814 were examined. The epidermis is 2.7 to 50 times thicker than that reported in other cetaceans with both regional and individual variations in thickness. The thinnest areas examined (1 mm) occur on the eyelid margins and the thickest (25 mm) occur on the lower jaw. A distinctive parakeratotic stratum corneum with a thick underlying stratum spinosum (without a stratum granulosum) extends over the entire body surface. From a few dozen to several hundred @entity75 are present on all whales studied. A typical stratum basale of germinative keratinocytes (with melanocytes in pigmented areas) rests upon a well-defined basal lamina. Epidermal rod arrays arise from the basal keratinocytes which cover highly elongated @entity1829 and extend to the epidermal surface through the distal stratum spinosum and the stratum corneum. At least four diatom genera occur on and in the stratum corneum and lesion areas of different whales. The superficial dermis consists of a papillary layer with long (up to 13 mm) @entity1829 interdigitating with the epidermis from a basal area that is 2-4 mm in thickness. The number of @entity1829 per mm2 varies inversely with the thickness of the epidermis. Large diameter, sensory papillae packed with tortuous, highly elongated, encapsulated nerve end organs also interdigitate with the thin epidermal areas of the ventral surface of the rostrum, the upper and lower lip margins, and the upper and lower eyelid margins. Scattered, single, stiff hairs emerge from the skin only in specific, pigmented regions of the head.

title: Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the XXXX ( @entity38814 ).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['dermal papillae']

answer: @entity38814 :: (27602,Species) :: ['bowhead whale']


abstract: Skin samples from most body regions of the @entity38814 were examined. The epidermis is 2.7 to 50 times thicker than that reported in other cetaceans with both regional and individual variations in thickness. The thinnest areas examined (1 mm) occur on the eyelid margins and the thickest (25 mm) occur on the lower jaw. A distinctive parakeratotic stratum corneum with a thick underlying stratum spinosum (without a stratum granulosum) extends over the entire body surface. From a few dozen to several hundred @entity75 are present on all whales studied. A typical stratum basale of germinative keratinocytes (with melanocytes in pigmented areas) rests upon a well-defined basal lamina. Epidermal rod arrays arise from the basal keratinocytes which cover highly elongated @entity1829 and extend to the epidermal surface through the distal stratum spinosum and the stratum corneum. At least four diatom genera occur on and in the stratum corneum and lesion areas of different whales. The superficial dermis consists of a papillary layer with long (up to 13 mm) @entity1829 interdigitating with the epidermis from a basal area that is 2-4 mm in thickness. The number of @entity1829 per mm2 varies inversely with the thickness of the epidermis. Large diameter, sensory papillae packed with tortuous, highly elongated, encapsulated nerve end organs also interdigitate with the thin epidermal areas of the ventral surface of the rostrum, the upper and lower lip margins, and the upper and lower eyelid margins. Scattered, single, stiff hairs emerge from the skin only in specific, pigmented regions of the head.

title: Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the @entity38814 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity38814 :: (27602,Species) :: ['Balaena mysticetus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developed countries, most @entity303 appears to be due to @entity195 and @entity1294 . We report rates for incidence of subtypes of @entity303 based on clinical diagnosis. METHOD: This study was a 2.4-year (s.d. 2.6 months) follow-up of a cohort aged 75 years and over, seen initially in a prevalence study of @entity303 . A screening interview in 1173 survivors was followed in a subsample of 461 respondents by a diagnostic interview 1.8 months after screening (s.d. 1.5 months). This comprised a standardised interview with respondent and informant, with venepuncture where possible. Clinical diagnoses of subtypes were made by specified criteria. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity195 of mild and greater severity was 2.7/1000 @entity1 -years at risk (1.6-4.4); in @entity1 1.5 (0.8-2.7) and in @entity1 3.3 (1.8-5.9). The incidence of @entity1294 was 1.2/100 @entity1 -years at risk (0.7-1.9); in @entity1 1.1 (0.4-2.8) and in @entity1 1.2 (0.7-2.0). @entity195 , but not @entity1294 , showed a marked increase with age, particularly in @entity1 . Rates for minimal @entity303 of different subtypes showed similar age and sex effects, but were much higher for @entity195 than @entity1294 . CONCLUSIONS: The striking rise in incidence rates of @entity303 in the very old appear to be due to @entity195 , while rates for @entity1294 remain relatively constant. These trends are particularly marked for minimal @entity303 , but emphasise the importance of @entity195 in the community as a cause of @entity73 of all degrees.

title: Incidence of clinically diagnosed subtypes of XXXX in an elderly population. Cambridge Project for Later Life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Rheumatologists usually recommend monthly blood monitoring when @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are treated with @entity627 ( @entity627 ). Is monthly monitoring needed or could its frequency be reduced? We audited the opinions of UK rheumatologists and reviewed clinical experience at three centres. To ascertain the interval at which @entity1 are monitored and the determinants of monitoring policy we sent a questionnaire to 193 consultant rheumatologists; 143 (74%) replied. The majority use monthly monitoring for most @entity627 except @entity3378 , @entity503 and @entity6383 . There is extensive variation, which is not related to the type of rheumatology unit or whether a shared scheme with general practitioners is used. Reviewing experience in 390 @entity1 treated with @entity627 at three adjacent rheumatology units in London showed that haematological adverse reactions were infrequent. During 1560 @entity1 -years of treatment involving 18,720 monthly monitoring visits there were 13 haematological adverse reactions (11 @entity882 and two @entity1210 ). Five @entity882 developed after 6 months of treatment; five occurred gradually over 5 months or more and one borderline low platelet count was seen once. The two @entity1210 were borderline low white cell counts occurring gradually over 3-6 months. Such frequent monitoring is expensive. The total cost of monitoring 390 @entity1 for 1560 @entity1 -years was 420,000 pounds. The cost of detecting each adverse reaction was 32,000 pounds. Three-monthly monitoring when therapy is established after an initial stabilizing period would have identified seven out of eight late adverse reactions. Monitoring policies are mainly based on clinical consensus with few prospective studies of their value; they need re-evaluation.

title: Are XXXX monitored too often? An audit of current clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['SAARDs', 'slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenias']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenias']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs']