abstract: @entity11224 containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity35 were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using @entity3584 fixation and an antiserum developed against a @entity11224 - @entity3584 -protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using @entity2227 decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong @entity3584 fixation that limits the diffusion of @entity11224 limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography.

title: Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of @entity11224 in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AF is frequent after cardiac surgery. However, @entity943 are less known. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the causes and the prognostic significance of severe @entity943 occurring after cardiac surgery. For 10 years, among 2,100 cardiac surgeries, 16 (0.8%) @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ; age 49-71 years, mean 62 +/- 9 years) without previous @entity943 , with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, and without acute cause of @entity943 , developed VF (n = 4) or a sustained VT between 3 days and 3 weeks after cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting [n = 6], valve replacement [n = 10]). Rapid AF (n = 5) or slow AF (n = 1) were present at the time of VT/VF. Programmed ventricular stimulation occurred after up to three extrastimuli in the basal state and after infusion of 20-30 micrograms of @entity3044 . An echocardiogram, coronary angiography, Holter monitoring with heart rate variability (HRV) study were performed. Ventricular stimulation was negative in six @entity1 (with AF); sustained and clinical VT was induced in 10 @entity1 with a left ventricular ejection fraction > 0.40, except in one @entity1 . Valvular prothesis and coronary bypass graftings were normal. In all @entity1 , HRV was normal before surgery and decreased after cardiac surgery; before versus after surgery, respectively, HR 69 +/- 9 and 89 +/- 30 beats/min (P < 0.01), SDNN 117 +/- 31 and 50 +/- 11 ms (P < 0.001), low frequency (LF) 474 +/- 658 and 51 +/- 40 ms2 (P < 0.05), high frequency (HF) 115 +/- 23 and 33 +/- 32 ms2 (P < 0.05), LF:HF 4 +/- 3 and 1 +/- 0.6 (P < 0.01). Follow-up lasted from 6 months to 10 years (mean 3 +/- 2 years). In @entity1 without induced VT, 1 @entity1 died from asystole, 1 had an @entity1479 but no subsequent events, and the other 4 untreated @entity1 are free of events. @entity1 with induced VT were treated with @entity2643 and beta-blockers except in one @entity1 who died from extracardiac complications. Six of nine @entity1 had no inducible VT with this treatment and are alive; 3 @entity1 had inducible VT, 1 died suddenly before implantation of @entity1479 , and 2 @entity1 are alive with an @entity1479 ; recurrent VTs were noted in one @entity1 and received an @entity1479 . In conclusion, recent heart surgery may increase the risk of @entity943 . The reduction of indexes reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic tone could facilitate the occurrence of @entity943 (and then VT) in @entity1 without ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate or the development of VT/VF in @entity1 with a latent previous ventricular arrhythmogenic substrate. In @entity1 without inducible VT, the prognosis is excellent and an @entity1479 is not recommended in these @entity1 . In those with inducible VT, there is a high incidence of responders to antiarrhythmic drugs with a favorable prognosis.

title: Postoperative XXXX after cardiac surgery: immediate- and long-term significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Prediction models may help to identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 on antiplatelet therapy. We identified existing prediction models for @entity548 and validated them in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Five prediction models were identified, all of which had some methodological shortcomings. Performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 was poor. SUMMARY: Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely used in secondary prevention after a @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or @entity385 . Bleeding is the main adverse effect of antiplatelet therapy and is potentially life threatening. Identification of @entity1 at increased risk of @entity548 may help target antiplatelet therapy. Objective This study sought to identify existing prediction models for @entity932 or @entity548 in patients on antiplatelet therapy and evaluate their performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for existing prediction models up to December 2014. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the CHARMS checklist. Prediction models were externally validated in the @entity64 Prevention Study 2, comprising 6602 @entity1 with a @entity63 or @entity385 . We assessed discrimination and calibration of included prediction models. Results Five prediction models were identified, of which two were developed in @entity1 with previous @entity2806 . Three studies assessed @entity548 , one studied @entity1779 and one @entity360 . None of the studies met all criteria of good quality. External validation showed poor discriminative performance, with c-statistics ranging from 0.53 to 0.64 and poor calibration. Conclusion A limited number of prediction models is available that predict @entity932 or @entity548 in patients on antiplatelet therapy. The methodological quality of the models varied, but was generally low. Predictive performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 was poor. In order to reliably predict the risk of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity2806 , development of a prediction model according to current methodological standards is needed.

title: Prediction models for XXXX or @entity548 in patients on antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review and external validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['European Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Prediction models may help to identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity548 on antiplatelet therapy. We identified existing prediction models for @entity548 and validated them in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Five prediction models were identified, all of which had some methodological shortcomings. Performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 was poor. SUMMARY: Background Antiplatelet therapy is widely used in secondary prevention after a @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or @entity385 . Bleeding is the main adverse effect of antiplatelet therapy and is potentially life threatening. Identification of @entity1 at increased risk of @entity548 may help target antiplatelet therapy. Objective This study sought to identify existing prediction models for @entity932 or @entity548 in patients on antiplatelet therapy and evaluate their performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for existing prediction models up to December 2014. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the CHARMS checklist. Prediction models were externally validated in the @entity64 Prevention Study 2, comprising 6602 @entity1 with a @entity63 or @entity385 . We assessed discrimination and calibration of included prediction models. Results Five prediction models were identified, of which two were developed in @entity1 with previous @entity2806 . Three studies assessed @entity548 , one studied @entity1779 and one @entity360 . None of the studies met all criteria of good quality. External validation showed poor discriminative performance, with c-statistics ranging from 0.53 to 0.64 and poor calibration. Conclusion A limited number of prediction models is available that predict @entity932 or @entity548 in patients on antiplatelet therapy. The methodological quality of the models varied, but was generally low. Predictive performance in @entity1 with @entity2806 was poor. In order to reliably predict the risk of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity2806 , development of a prediction model according to current methodological standards is needed.

title: Prediction models for @entity932 or XXXX in patients on antiplatelet therapy: a systematic review and external validation study.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['major bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palmar erythema may be either congenital or acquired, hereditary or non-hereditary. Its diagnosis and management differs according to whether or not it is acquired, hereditary or associated with symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a @entity1 with @entity28359 ( @entity195 ). OBSERVATION: A 2  -year-old @entity1 consulted for @entity31339 , present since birth, predominantly on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and on the palmar aspect of her fingers. She also presented mild diffuse erythema on the soles of her feet. Both her mother and grandmother had similar signs. The @entity1 had neither impairment nor @entity158 linked to this erythema, and she had no associated symptoms. Physical examination was otherwise normal, as were the results of standard laboratory tests. DISCUSSION: We diagnosed @entity195 based on the @entity1 's hereditary erythema with autosomal dominant transmission, and the congenital and asymptomatic nature of her @entity709 . Nine publications have reported cases of @entity195 , but this condition is probably highly under-reported.

title: [ XXXX hereditarium ( @entity195 ): Report of a paediatric case].

entities_list: @entity709 :: ('MESH:D007645', 'Disease') :: ['palmoplantar erythema']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Lane's disease"]

entities_list: @entity28359 :: ('MESH:C536152', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary palmoplantar erythema']

entities_list: @entity31339 :: ('MESH:C565041', 'Disease') :: ['palmar erythema']

answer: @entity31339 :: (MESH:C565041,Disease) :: ['Erythema palmare']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palmar erythema may be either congenital or acquired, hereditary or non-hereditary. Its diagnosis and management differs according to whether or not it is acquired, hereditary or associated with symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a @entity1 with @entity28359 ( @entity195 ). OBSERVATION: A 2  -year-old @entity1 consulted for @entity31339 , present since birth, predominantly on the thenar and hypothenar eminences and on the palmar aspect of her fingers. She also presented mild diffuse erythema on the soles of her feet. Both her mother and grandmother had similar signs. The @entity1 had neither impairment nor @entity158 linked to this erythema, and she had no associated symptoms. Physical examination was otherwise normal, as were the results of standard laboratory tests. DISCUSSION: We diagnosed @entity195 based on the @entity1 's hereditary erythema with autosomal dominant transmission, and the congenital and asymptomatic nature of her @entity709 . Nine publications have reported cases of @entity195 , but this condition is probably highly under-reported.

title: [ @entity31339 hereditarium ( XXXX ): Report of a paediatric case].

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Lane's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether modem technology allows for effective management of type 1 @entity6 when used in lieu of a clinic visit. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 70 adolescent @entity1 with @entity6 were prospectively randomized to either a control group or a modem group. Control group @entity1 continued the standard of care of quarterly clinic visits, and modem group @entity1 were instructed to transmit blood @entity413 data every 2 weeks for 6 months instead of a usual quarterly clinic visit. Health care providers analyzed the data received by modem and contacted @entity1 to discuss @entity6 treatment changes. GHbA(1c) levels were determined at 0 and 6 months, and the number of high and low blood @entity413 levels and adverse events were tracked. Clinic visit costs, @entity1 expenses, and health care provider times were tracked for cost analysis for both groups. RESULTS: A total of 63 @entity1 (33 control, 30 modem) completed the 6-month study. The GHbA(1c) values significantly decreased in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P = 0.96). The occurrence of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemic events were similar in the two groups, and there were no severe hypoglycemic events. The average cost of care for a clinic visit was  305.00, whereas the cost for 6 months of modem transmission was  163.00. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that electronic transmission of blood @entity413 levels and other @entity6 data every 2 weeks-in lieu of a clinic visit-results in a similar level of @entity413 control and incidence of @entity2412 when compared with current standard care.

title: Modem transmission of XXXX values reduces the costs and need for clinic visits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['acute diabetes complications']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity1897 , @entity1411 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity121 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity6 @entity1 : 27 without @entity16 (D group), 19 with @entity16 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity1411 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity1 presented @entity101 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity121 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity121 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 @entity1 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity1411 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the increased forefoot pressures in @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased thickness of plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia', 'neuropathic foot ulceration', 'plantar hyperpressure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness of plantar fascia']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar fascia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity1897 , @entity1411 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity121 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity6 @entity1 : 27 without @entity16 (D group), 19 with @entity16 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity1411 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity1 presented @entity101 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity121 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity121 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 @entity1 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity1411 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of @entity1411 to the increased forefoot pressures in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Secondary to @entity1897 , @entity1411 is a proven risk factor for foot ulceration. But limited joint mobility (LJM) and soft tissue abnormalities may also contribute. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among @entity121 , mobility of the metatarso-phalangeal joint, and forces expressed under the metatarsal heads. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 61 @entity6 @entity1 : 27 without @entity16 (D group), 19 with @entity16 (DN group), and 15 with previous @entity1411 (DNPU group). We also examined 21 control subjects (C). Ultrasound evaluation was performed with a high resolution 8- to 10-MHz linear array (Toshiba Tosbee SSA 240). The foot loading pattern was evaluated with a piezo-dynamometric platform. First metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility was assessed with a mechanic goniometer. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity1 presented @entity101 (D 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, DN 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm, DNPU 3.1 +/- 1.0 mm, and C 2.0 +/- 0.5.mm; P < 0.05), and significantly reduced motion range at the metatarso-phalangeal joint (D 54.0 +/- 29.4 degrees, DN 54.9 +/- 17.2 degrees, DNPU 46.8 +/- 20.7 degrees, and C 100.0 +/- 10.0 degrees; P < 0.05). The evaluation of foot-floor interaction under the metatarsal heads showed increased vertical forces in DN and DNPU and increased medio-lateral forces in DNPU. An inverse correlation was found between the @entity121 and metatarso-phalangeal joint mobility (r = -0.53). The @entity121 was directly correlated with vertical forces under the metatarsal heads (r = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity6 @entity1 , soft tissue involvement may contribute to the increase of vertical forces under the metatarsal heads. Changes in the structure of @entity1411 may also influence the mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint.

title: Contribution of @entity1411 to the increased forefoot pressures in @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity4612 and the ratio of @entity9495 : @entity4612 intakes in the prevention of @entity694 . The association between these nutrients and @entity420 - a @entity5 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity4612 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity420 and its precursor conditions, @entity355 and @entity354 . This analysis included cases of @entity420 (n 218), @entity355 (n 212), @entity354 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity4612 , @entity9495 and @entity9495 : @entity4612 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity4612 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity354 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity355 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity4612 . The protective effect of @entity4612 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity9495 : @entity4612 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity4612 intake and @entity420 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity4612 intakes were inversely associated with @entity354 and @entity355 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of XXXX , @entity355 and @entity420 : a population-based case-control study.

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux oesophagitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity4612 and the ratio of @entity9495 : @entity4612 intakes in the prevention of @entity694 . The association between these nutrients and @entity420 - a @entity5 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity4612 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity420 and its precursor conditions, @entity355 and @entity354 . This analysis included cases of @entity420 (n 218), @entity355 (n 212), @entity354 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity4612 , @entity9495 and @entity9495 : @entity4612 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity4612 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity354 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity355 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity4612 . The protective effect of @entity4612 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity9495 : @entity4612 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity4612 intake and @entity420 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity4612 intakes were inversely associated with @entity354 and @entity355 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of @entity354 , @entity355 and XXXX : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence suggests a role of @entity4612 and the ratio of @entity9495 : @entity4612 intakes in the prevention of @entity694 . The association between these nutrients and @entity420 - a @entity5 with increasing incidence in developed countries and poor survival rates - has yet to be explored. The aim of this investigation was to explore the association between @entity4612 intake and related nutrients and risk of @entity420 and its precursor conditions, @entity355 and @entity354 . This analysis included cases of @entity420 (n 218), @entity355 (n 212), @entity354 (n 208) and population-based controls (n 252) recruited between 2002 and 2005 throughout the island of Ireland. All the subjects completed a 101-item FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied to determine odds of disease according to dietary intakes of @entity4612 , @entity9495 and @entity9495 : @entity4612 ratio. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals consuming the highest amounts of @entity4612 from foods had significant reductions in the odds of @entity354 (OR 0  31; 95 % CI 0  11, 0  87) and @entity355 (OR 0  29; 95 % CI 0  12, 0  71) compared with individuals consuming the lowest amounts of @entity4612 . The protective effect of @entity4612 was more apparent in the context of a low @entity9495 : @entity4612 intake ratio. No significant associations were observed for @entity4612 intake and @entity420 risk (OR 0  77; 95 % CI 0  30, 1  99 comparing the highest and the lowest tertiles of consumption). In conclusion, dietary @entity4612 intakes were inversely associated with @entity354 and @entity355 risk in this Irish population.

title: Dietary magnesium, calcium:magnesium ratio and risk of @entity354 , XXXX and @entity420 : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's oesophagus']


abstract: In 1983, approximately 40 000 @entity1 in France and 5 760 @entity1 in Switzerland suffered from @entity306 , representing more than 0.1% of their respective populations. The functional disability of these @entity1 is particularly impressive and emphasizes the medical, social and economic importance of this problem. The @entity306 is restricted to non-progressive @entity1957 , already observed at an early age and due to @entity75 . These @entity1957 can be of @entity3520 . Their epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathology, early diagnosis and evolution are extensively reviewed by Th. Deonna. The difficulty in evaluation of treatment is the absence of a generally accepted rating scale. G. Broggi has proposed one on the basis of a large experience which could serve in the future for more objective evaluation. This monograph is devoted to the functional neurosurgical treatment of @entity306 . Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are part of the basic treatment of @entity306 , and must be continued after any neurosurgical treatment. Various conservative methods of treatment and their neurophysiological rationale are mentioned by P. Claverie. Some technical devices which improve the @entity51 and facilitate rehabilitation are presented. Radiculotomies and neurotomies are probably the oldest neurosurgical operations for the treatment of @entity508 . The neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of this therapeutic approach are treated in the review of the material from the neurosurgical department of Montpellier. Sixty cases were collected and the results analysed according to the type of operation (posterior radiculotomy, anterior radiculotomy, mixed) performed. Stereotactic thalamotomies and subthalamotomies are believed to be the best neurosurgical method to treat the @entity400 and improve other @entity910 and @entity2915 . The technique and a personal review of 49 cases of @entity306 are presented. The long-term follow-up in this study demonstrates that this type of operation markedly improves the functional disability of @entity1 with moderate @entity2915 , moderately improves @entity1 severely affected, but also demonstrates that possible side effects cannot be ignored. Review of the literature indicates the difficulty in interpretation of results due to a lack of objective evaluation. Nevertheless, stereotactic thalamotomy can still be recommended when @entity400 and @entity2003 are the most prominent symptoms. Stereotactic dentatotomies in the treatment of @entity508 were very popular 20 years ago, but have been largely forgotten for nearly a decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Functional neurosurgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['paretic, dystonic and dyskinetic nature']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of motor function', 'motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesias']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['term cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) assessed the clinical and economic impact of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) as compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in @entity1 served in public mental health centers. This report presents clinical outcomes in @entity1 with a history of @entity162 ( @entity2403 ), including @entity162 and @entity914 , @entity162 , during 12 months of treatment beginning March 1998 and ending with the final active @entity1 visit in April 2000. METHOD: @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity162 or @entity914 , @entity162 , according to DSM-IV criteria. @entity34 was comprised of a medication algorithm and manual to guide treatment decisions. Physicians and clinical coordinators received training and expert consultation throughout the project. @entity34 also provided a disorder-specific @entity1 and family education package. TAU clinics had no exposure to the medication algorithms. Quarterly outcome evaluations were obtained by independent raters. @entity3628 , based on a declining effects model, was used to assess clinical outcome of @entity34 versus TAU. RESULTS: @entity34 and TAU @entity1 showed significant initial decreases in symptoms (p =.03 and p <.001, respectively) measured by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) at the 3-month assessment interval, with significantly greater effects for the @entity34 group. Limited catch-up by TAU was observed over the remaining 3 quarters. Differences were also observed in measures of @entity162 and @entity716 but not in @entity308 , side-effect burden, or functioning. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with a history of @entity162 , relative to TAU, the @entity34 intervention package was associated with greater initial and sustained improvement on the primary clinical outcome measure, the BPRS-24, and the secondary outcome measure, the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for @entity162 (CARS-M). Further research is planned to clarify which elements of the @entity34 package contributed to this between-group difference.

title: Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for @entity1 with a history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar type', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'Mania', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear modeling']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['algorithm-driven treatment', 'ALGO']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) assessed the clinical and economic impact of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) as compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in @entity1 served in public mental health centers. This report presents clinical outcomes in @entity1 with a history of @entity162 ( @entity2403 ), including @entity162 and @entity914 , @entity162 , during 12 months of treatment beginning March 1998 and ending with the final active @entity1 visit in April 2000. METHOD: @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity162 or @entity914 , @entity162 , according to DSM-IV criteria. @entity34 was comprised of a medication algorithm and manual to guide treatment decisions. Physicians and clinical coordinators received training and expert consultation throughout the project. @entity34 also provided a disorder-specific @entity1 and family education package. TAU clinics had no exposure to the medication algorithms. Quarterly outcome evaluations were obtained by independent raters. @entity3628 , based on a declining effects model, was used to assess clinical outcome of @entity34 versus TAU. RESULTS: @entity34 and TAU @entity1 showed significant initial decreases in symptoms (p =.03 and p <.001, respectively) measured by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) at the 3-month assessment interval, with significantly greater effects for the @entity34 group. Limited catch-up by TAU was observed over the remaining 3 quarters. Differences were also observed in measures of @entity162 and @entity716 but not in @entity308 , side-effect burden, or functioning. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with a history of @entity162 , relative to TAU, the @entity34 intervention package was associated with greater initial and sustained improvement on the primary clinical outcome measure, the BPRS-24, and the secondary outcome measure, the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for @entity162 (CARS-M). Further research is planned to clarify which elements of the @entity34 package contributed to this between-group difference.

title: Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for XXXX with a history of @entity162 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity12472 produces mammary gland @entity5 in one strain of @entity35 and has been classified as an endocrine modulator. Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between agricultural use of @entity12472 and several forms of @entity5 . This study evaluated mortality patterns among workers at a plant that made @entity12472 and other @entity21750 herbicides. The study covered the time period 1970-1997 and included 2213 @entity1 employed for at least 6 mo in operations related to the manufacture or formulation of @entity12472 and other @entity21750 herbicides at a plant in Louisiana (LA). Vital status was determined for all but six subjects. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) compared employees' mortality rates with those of the LA industrial corridor general population. Subjects had a total of 32,473 @entity1 -years of observation and a median of 15.8 yr since hire. There were 84 observed/118 expected deaths from all causes combined (SMR = 72, CI = 57-89) and 22/21 total @entity5 deaths (SMR = 106, CI = 66-160). Subjects had 4/1.1 deaths from @entity1893 (SMR = 372, CI = 101-952); this increase was not concentrated in the subgroup with long duration of employment and many years since hire. There were 6/4.8 (SMR = 124, CI = 46-271) digestive @entity5 and 7/6.3 (SMR = 112, CI = 45-230) @entity2 deaths. Data on other forms of @entity5 were sparse. This study was limited by its small size, by the relatively young age and short follow-up of its subjects, and by the lack of exposure data. It did not provide evidence that employment in @entity21750 herbicide manufacturing and formulating operations was associated causally with overall or cause-specific mortality.

title: Mortality among XXXX herbicide manufacturing workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity21750 :: ('CHEBI:38056', 'Chemical') :: ['triazine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity12472 :: ('MESH:D001280', 'Chemical') :: ['atrazine', 'Atrazine']

answer: @entity21750 :: (CHEBI:38056,Chemical) :: ['triazine']


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity1526 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity1526 , seventy-five @entity1 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity1 at an early stage of @entity299 ; group II, @entity1 at an advanced stage without @entity712 ( @entity712 ); and group III, @entity1 at an advanced stage with @entity712 . @entity1063 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity1526 @entity1 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity1 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity1063 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity1526 @entity1 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity1526 @entity1 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity1526 @entity1 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity1526 @entity1 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity1526 @entity1 in an advanced stage of @entity299 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity299 , which might be interpreted as an @entity4148 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity1526 @entity1 can be interpreted as an early @entity4148 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity1 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity1526 @entity1 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity8053 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity1002 .

title: XXXX and heart rate variability: a marker of @entity8053 in chronic @entity1526 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas cardiopathy', 'Chagas cardiopathic', 'Chagas', "Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the sympathetic nervous system', 'impairment of the autonomic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['parasympathetic dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity1526 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity1526 , seventy-five @entity1 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity1 at an early stage of @entity299 ; group II, @entity1 at an advanced stage without @entity712 ( @entity712 ); and group III, @entity1 at an advanced stage with @entity712 . @entity1063 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity1526 @entity1 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity1 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity1063 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity1526 @entity1 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity1526 @entity1 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity1526 @entity1 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity1526 @entity1 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity1526 @entity1 in an advanced stage of @entity299 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity299 , which might be interpreted as an @entity4148 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity1526 @entity1 can be interpreted as an early @entity4148 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity1 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity1526 @entity1 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity8053 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity1002 .

title: @entity1063 and heart rate variability: a marker of XXXX in chronic @entity1526 .

answer: @entity8053 :: (MESH:D054969,Disease) :: ['dysautonomia']


abstract: The involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in @entity1526 has been the subject of many studies, which have become more numerous since K  berle's pioneering work in the 1950s, showing the partial or total destruction of cardiac neurons. In order to investigate ANS involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic @entity1526 , seventy-five @entity1 with the condition were examined and divided into four groups, according to the Los Andes classification: I-A, I-B, II and III. Groups I-A and I-B included @entity1 at an early stage of @entity299 ; group II, @entity1 at an advanced stage without @entity712 ( @entity712 ); and group III, @entity1 at an advanced stage with @entity712 . @entity1063 (NE) levels were measured in 24 h urine collected from fifty-two chronic @entity1526 @entity1 (69%); twelve cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies, in functional class IV of the New York Heart Association (NYHA), selected as the control group; and ten normal individuals. 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed in fifty-six @entity1 (74.6%) to assess heart rate variability (HRV). HRV parameters were analyzed and distributed according to the Los Andes classification. @entity1063 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) in the controls (non- @entity1526 @entity1 , NYHA IV) than in group III (chronic @entity1526 @entity1 ) according to the Los Andes classification. Reduction of HRV was observed in @entity1526 @entity1 , but unrelated to functional class, and the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were increased in our @entity1526 @entity1 . Our study concluded that the NE levels in @entity1526 @entity1 in an advanced stage of @entity299 (group III) did not rise as in cardiopathic @entity1 of other etiologies with a similar degree of @entity299 , which might be interpreted as an @entity4148 in the cases studied, but the increased levels of NE in groups I-A and I-B of the @entity1526 @entity1 can be interpreted as an early @entity4148 (sympathetic). HRV was reduced in our @entity1 , but the indices reflecting parasympathetic activity (pNN50 and rMSSD) were preserved in almost all @entity1526 @entity1 . However, the pNN50 index was reduced in group I-A, suggesting that @entity8053 may be an early phenomenon and may precede @entity1002 .

title: @entity1063 and heart rate variability: a marker of @entity8053 in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas cardiopathy']


abstract: A simple and rapid method able to determine residues of 12 @entity11682 ( @entity16324 ) antibacterials in @entity291 and trout muscle tissues is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC-MS instrumentation was equipped with an electrospray source and a single quadrupole. After 0.8 g of a flesh sample containing the analytes is deposited on sand (crystobalite), this material is packed into an extraction cell. @entity16324 are extracted by flowing 4 mL of water through the cell heated at 80 degrees C. A 0.5-mL aliquot of the @entity291 tissue extract is then directly injected into the LC column, while the fish tissue extract is filtered prior to LC-MS analysis. MS data acquisition was performed in the positive-ion mode and monitoring at least three ions for each target compound. Confirmatory ions were produced by the in-source collision-induced dissociation process. At the tolerance levels issued by the EU and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, i.e., 100 ppb, recovery of the analytes in @entity291 and trout muscle tissues was 75-98% with @entity6865 ranging between 1 and 8%. Estimated limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 6-15 ppb for @entity16324 in @entity291 muscle tissue and 3-13 ppb in trout fillet. When trying to reduce the analysis time by using a short chromatographic run time, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity16324 . This effect was traced to competition effects by polar endogenous coextractives, maybe proteinaceous species, which are eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run. This unwelcome effect was removed by simply adopting more selective chromatographic conditions.

title: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for analyzing @entity11682 antibacterials in XXXX and fish muscle tissues.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: A simple and rapid method able to determine residues of 12 @entity11682 ( @entity16324 ) antibacterials in @entity291 and trout muscle tissues is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with hot water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The LC-MS instrumentation was equipped with an electrospray source and a single quadrupole. After 0.8 g of a flesh sample containing the analytes is deposited on sand (crystobalite), this material is packed into an extraction cell. @entity16324 are extracted by flowing 4 mL of water through the cell heated at 80 degrees C. A 0.5-mL aliquot of the @entity291 tissue extract is then directly injected into the LC column, while the fish tissue extract is filtered prior to LC-MS analysis. MS data acquisition was performed in the positive-ion mode and monitoring at least three ions for each target compound. Confirmatory ions were produced by the in-source collision-induced dissociation process. At the tolerance levels issued by the EU and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, i.e., 100 ppb, recovery of the analytes in @entity291 and trout muscle tissues was 75-98% with @entity6865 ranging between 1 and 8%. Estimated limits of quantification (S/N = 10) were 6-15 ppb for @entity16324 in @entity291 muscle tissue and 3-13 ppb in trout fillet. When trying to reduce the analysis time by using a short chromatographic run time, severe ion signal suppression was experienced for the early-eluted @entity16324 . This effect was traced to competition effects by polar endogenous coextractives, maybe proteinaceous species, which are eluted in the first part of the chromatographic run. This unwelcome effect was removed by simply adopting more selective chromatographic conditions.

title: A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for analyzing XXXX antibacterials in @entity291 and fish muscle tissues.

answer: @entity11682 :: (CHEBI:35358,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical experience of using combined-modality [simultaneous hemodialysis (HD) and @entity298 ( @entity298 )] treatment in @entity1 with @entity454 . DESIGN: We reviewed data on 4 @entity1 from our center that were treated with "combined-mode therapy." We then conducted a retrospective survey by sending questionnaires to nephrologists in the US and Canada by mail and by posting the survey on the Internet. Data queried included number of @entity1 on combined modality, solute clearances, @entity2313 levels pre and post combined therapy, reasons for using combined therapy, duration and success of combined therapy, and reimbursement issues. SETTING AND @entity1 : Ours is a tertiary-care center. @entity1 that were not doing well on @entity298 alone were put on combined modality of treatment between 1992 and 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical improvement in the indication for which the @entity1 was started on combined modality. RESULTS: In response to the survey, data on 27 @entity1 were collected. These data were combined with data on 4 @entity1 from our unit that had previously been treated with combined HD and @entity298 . Most @entity1 were reported to have more than one clinical reason for changing from @entity298 to combined therapy. The main clinical reason for offering combined treatments was inadequate solute clearance (34%), followed by ultrafiltration problems (16%) and @entity16 (11%). Mean duration of time followed on combined treatment was 8.5 +/- 0.12 months. Most @entity1 tolerated combined treatment well and were reported to show improvement in the clinical reasons for which they needed the combined modality. Dual access and reimbursement issues were not a problem. There was no single method used for calculating total (HD, @entity298 , and residual renal) solute clearance. No universal total solute clearance goal was reported. CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis and @entity298 are not mutually exclusive. They can be used in combination to achieve targeted solute clearances, to improve certain clinical conditions, and to control volume and blood pressure in a subset of @entity1 . Further evaluation is needed to better establish the long-term outcomes of using combined modality. Total solute clearance goals and methods for determining total solute clearance need to be standardized.

title: Combined XXXX and hemodialysis: our experience compared to others.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 200000 @entity1143 are attributable to @entity5 in the UK and USA every year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. Pleural biopsy needs to be done in the remaining cases. We aimed to assess whether CT-guided biopsy is an improvement over standard pleural biopsy in this setting. METHODS: 50 consecutive @entity1 with cytologically negative suspected @entity3483 were recruited. All had a contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scan to assess @entity456 . @entity1 were randomly allocated, stratified by baseline @entity456 , to either Abrams' pleural biopsy (standard care; n=25) or CT-guided cutting needle biopsy (n=25). Sensitivity for @entity5 from the biopsy specimen was the primary endpoint, with the @entity1 's clinical outcome after 1 year being the diagnostic gold standard. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS: Three @entity1 did not undergo biopsy. Abrams' biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity5 in eight of 17 @entity1 (sensitivity 47%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 44%, positive predictive value 100%). CT-guided biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity5 in 13 of 15 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 80%, positive predictive value 100%; difference in sensitivity between Abrams' and CT-guided 40%, 95% CI 10-69, p=0.02). Diagnostic advantage was similar in @entity1 proving to have @entity2615 . INTERPRETATION: Primary use of CT-guided biopsy would avoid doing at least one Abrams' biopsy for every 2.5 CT-guided biopsies undertaken. In cytology-negative suspected @entity3483 , CT-guided pleural biopsy is a better diagnostic test than Abrams' pleural biopsy.

title: Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1143 : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pleural malignancy', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 200000 @entity1143 are attributable to @entity5 in the UK and USA every year. Cytological examination of pleural fluid classifies about 60% of malignant effusions. Pleural biopsy needs to be done in the remaining cases. We aimed to assess whether CT-guided biopsy is an improvement over standard pleural biopsy in this setting. METHODS: 50 consecutive @entity1 with cytologically negative suspected @entity3483 were recruited. All had a contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scan to assess @entity456 . @entity1 were randomly allocated, stratified by baseline @entity456 , to either Abrams' pleural biopsy (standard care; n=25) or CT-guided cutting needle biopsy (n=25). Sensitivity for @entity5 from the biopsy specimen was the primary endpoint, with the @entity1 's clinical outcome after 1 year being the diagnostic gold standard. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS: Three @entity1 did not undergo biopsy. Abrams' biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity5 in eight of 17 @entity1 (sensitivity 47%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 44%, positive predictive value 100%). CT-guided biopsy correctly diagnosed @entity5 in 13 of 15 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 100%, negative predictive value 80%, positive predictive value 100%; difference in sensitivity between Abrams' and CT-guided 40%, 95% CI 10-69, p=0.02). Diagnostic advantage was similar in @entity1 proving to have @entity2615 . INTERPRETATION: Primary use of CT-guided biopsy would avoid doing at least one Abrams' biopsy for every 2.5 CT-guided biopsies undertaken. In cytology-negative suspected @entity3483 , CT-guided pleural biopsy is a better diagnostic test than Abrams' pleural biopsy.

title: Standard pleural biopsy versus CT-guided cutting-needle biopsy for diagnosis of @entity5 in XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: @entity78 bioceramics have been applied as bone substitutes for several decades. @entity1349 after @entity2720 is a major problem in orthopaedic surgery. @entity692 particles from materials wear have been reported as the main cause of implant failure. For this reason, an investigation into possible wear particles from materials used in the implant may lead to longevity after arthroplasty. Monocytes are among the first cells to colonize the inflammatory site. In the present study, we have evaluated the inflammatory response after exposition to particles with different characteristics (size, sintering temperature and shape). Our data demonstrate that the most important characteristic was the shape and the size of the particles. The needle shaped particles induced the larger production of @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity688 by cells. To a less manner, the smallest particles induced an increase of the expression and production of the cytokines studied ( @entity310 , @entity650 and @entity688 ). The sintering temperature appeared to be a less important characteristic even though it was involved in the dissolution/precipitation process.

title: Importance of XXXX particles characteristics on cytokines production by human monocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['total joint arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Sequential @entity1014 radiograms from @entity35 injected on days @entity23852 , E17, E18, and E19 and killed 2 hours after injection and at daily intervals up to day E22 were used to establish the site of origin, migratory route, and settling patterns of neurons of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basal pontine gray. The nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons, which are produced predominantly on days E15 and @entity23852 , derive from the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium. These cells, unlike those of the lateral reticular and external cuneate nuclei, take an anteroventral subpial route, forming the anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. This migratory stream reaches the anterior pole of the pons by day E18. In @entity35 injected on day @entity23852 and killed on day E18 some of the cells that reach the pons are unlabeled, indicating that they represent the early component of neurons generated on day E15. The cells labeled on day @entity23852 begin to settle in the pons on day E19, 3 days after their production. These cells, migrating in an orderly temporal sequence, form a posterodorsal-to-anteroventral gradient in the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Unlike the neurons of all the other precerebellar nuclei, the basal pontine gray neurons derive from the secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium forms on day @entity23852 as an outgrowth of the primary precerebellar neuroepithelium, and it remains mitotically active through day E19, spanning the entire period of basal pontine gray neurogenesis. The secondary precerebellar neuroepithelium is surrounded by a horizontal layer of postmitotic cells, representing the head-waters of the anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream. In @entity35 injected on day E18 and killed on day E19 the cells are labeled in the proximal half of the stream around the medulla but those closer to the pons are unlabeled, indicating an orderly sequence of migration. In @entity35 injected on day E18 and killed on day @entity19 the labeled cells reach the pole of the pons. In the basal pontine gray the sequentially generated neurons settle in a precise order. The neurons generated on day @entity23852 form a small core posteriorly and the neurons generated on days E17, E18, and E19 form regular concentric rings around the core in an inside-out sequence.

title: Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the XXXX : IV. The anterior precerebellar extramural migratory stream and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and the basal pontine gray.

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of @entity1812 (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of @entity840 small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH- and S-type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S-type and increased in AH-type neurones. 2. The selective B(2) BK receptor antagonist @entity19616 , but not the selective B(1) receptor antagonist des-arg(10)- @entity19616 , suppressed the BK-evoked responses. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of B(2) receptor mRNA, but not B(1) receptor mRNA. 3. Binding of fluorescently- labeled @entity19616 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole-mount preparations. BK B(2) receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or @entity842 synthase. 4. Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of @entity750 or substance P and nicotinic responses to @entity934 were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of @entity19616 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK. 5. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity5230 , suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of @entity1421 , D(2), F(2alpha) or I(2) mimicked the BK-evoked responses. 6. The results suggest that BK acts at B(2) BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of @entity2918 . Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.

title: Actions of XXXX on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of @entity840 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: 1. Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of @entity1812 (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of @entity840 small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH- and S-type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S-type and increased in AH-type neurones. 2. The selective B(2) BK receptor antagonist @entity19616 , but not the selective B(1) receptor antagonist des-arg(10)- @entity19616 , suppressed the BK-evoked responses. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of B(2) receptor mRNA, but not B(1) receptor mRNA. 3. Binding of fluorescently- labeled @entity19616 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole-mount preparations. BK B(2) receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or @entity842 synthase. 4. Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of @entity750 or substance P and nicotinic responses to @entity934 were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of @entity19616 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK. 5. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity5230 , suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of @entity1421 , D(2), F(2alpha) or I(2) mimicked the BK-evoked responses. 6. The results suggest that BK acts at B(2) BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of @entity2918 . Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.

title: Actions of @entity1812 on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity8262 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity10861 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity519 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity35 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity35 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity519 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity10861 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity1 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity519 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity519 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity10861 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity519 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity120 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity35 from chronic @entity519 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity120 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal XXXX phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ @entity10861 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of @entity120 .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PHT']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['cyclic GMP']


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity8262 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity10861 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity519 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity35 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity35 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity519 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity10861 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity1 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity519 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity519 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity10861 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity519 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity120 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity35 from chronic @entity519 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity120 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal @entity8262 phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ @entity10861 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of XXXX .

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: 1. We have previously reported that the inhibitory gamma subunit of the rod photoreceptor type 6 @entity8262 phosphodiesterase (PDEgamma) is expressed in nonretinal tissues and is involved in the stimulation of the p42/ @entity10861 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by growth factors and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. We have now investigated whether PDEgamma plays a role in modulating chronic @entity519 -dependent mitogenic signalling pathways in pulmonary smooth muscle from @entity35 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). 2. We show for the first time that PDEgamma is expressed in @entity35 main, first, intrapulmonary and resistance pulmonary arteries. Moreover, its expression is increased in all the arteries to varying extents by chronic @entity519 . The extent of the increased expression of PDEgamma is correlated with an enhanced activation of p42/ @entity10861 in these vessels. 3. We also report that PDEgamma translation from mRNA transcript is increased in cultured @entity1 pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells subjected to chronic @entity519 for 14 days. This was correlated with @entity519 -dependent increase in p42/ @entity10861 MAPK activation. 4. In conclusion, our studies identify for the first time a major chronic @entity519 -dependent change in the phenotypic expression of an intermediate protein regulating mitogenic signalling in pulmonary arteries. This may have a significant effect on arterial remodelling in @entity120 . Future studies will focus on strategies designed to knockout rod PDEgamma to assess whether this rescues @entity35 from chronic @entity519 -dependent changes in arterial remodelling and @entity120 .

title: An assessment of the role of the inhibitory gamma subunit of the retinal @entity8262 phosphodiesterase and its effect on the p42/ XXXX mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in animal and cellular models of @entity120 .

answer: @entity10861 :: (50689(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p44']


abstract: We investigated the time periods of DNA replication, lateral cell wall extension, and septum formation within the cell cycle of @entity5609 . Cells were cultivated under three different conditions, yielding interdivision times of approximately 55, 57, and 160 min, respectively. Synchrony was achieved by @entity969 density gradient centrifugation. The time periods were estimated by division inhibition studies with @entity7265 , mecillinam, and @entity802 . In addition, DNA replication was measured by @entity1014 incorporation, and murein biosynthesis was measured by incorporation of @entity3954 into @entity3208 -insoluble murein sacculi. At interdivision times of 55 to 57 min murein biosynthesis for reproduction of a unit cell lasted longer than the interdivision time itself, whereas DNA replication finished within 40 min. Surprisingly, inhibition of DNA replication by @entity802 did not inhibit the subsequent cell division but rather the one after that. Because @entity9700 fails to express several reactions of the recA-dependent SOS functions known from @entity526 , the drug allowed us to determine which DNA replication period actually governed which cell division. Taken together, the results indicate that at an interdivision time of 55 to 57 min, the biosynthetic cell cycle of @entity9700 lasts approximately 120 min. To achieve the observed interdivision time, it is necessary that two subsequent biosynthetic cell cycles be tightly interlocked. The implications of these findings for the regulation of the cell cycle are discussed.

title: Cell cycle parameters of XXXX : interdependence of the biosynthetic cell cycle and the interdivision cycle.

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) frequently encounter @entity353 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity1 at risk for critical @entity353 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity135 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity138 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity1 with @entity135 were included receiving @entity138 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity138 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity353 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity138 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity5 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity138 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity138 ( @entity138 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity138 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity5 and @entity138 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity138 , mean @entity353 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity1 had critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 . The main predictors for critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity138 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity138 dose on the primary @entity5 , receiving @entity138 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 was prevalent in half of @entity135 @entity1 . To predict critical @entity353 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity138 to the neck, higher @entity138 dose, @entity138 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical XXXX in @entity1 with @entity135 during (chemo)radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) frequently encounter @entity353 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity1 at risk for critical @entity353 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity135 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity138 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity1 with @entity135 were included receiving @entity138 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity138 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity353 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity138 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity5 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity138 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity138 ( @entity138 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity138 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity5 and @entity138 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity138 , mean @entity353 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity1 had critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 . The main predictors for critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity138 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity138 dose on the primary @entity5 , receiving @entity138 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 was prevalent in half of @entity135 @entity1 . To predict critical @entity353 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity138 to the neck, higher @entity138 dose, @entity138 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical @entity353 in @entity1 with XXXX during (chemo)radiotherapy.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) frequently encounter @entity353 with multiple negative outcomes as a consequence. Adequate treatment is best achieved by early identification of @entity1 at risk for critical @entity353 . The objective of this study was to detect predictive factors for critical @entity353 in @entity1 with @entity135 receiving (chemo)radiotherapy ((C) @entity138 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 910 @entity1 with @entity135 were included receiving @entity138 (  surgery/concurrent chemotherapy) with curative intent. Body weight was measured at the start and end of (C) @entity138 . Logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses were used to analyse predictive factors for critical @entity353 (defined as >5%) during (C) @entity138 . Possible predictors included gender, age, WHO performance status, @entity5 location, TNM classification, treatment modality, @entity138 technique (three-dimensional conformal @entity138 ( @entity138 ) vs intensity-modulated @entity138 (IMRT)), total dose on the primary @entity5 and @entity138 on the elective or macroscopic lymph nodes. RESULTS: At the end of (C) @entity138 , mean @entity353 was 5.1  4.9%. Fifty percent of @entity1 had critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 . The main predictors for critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 by both logistic and CART analyses were @entity138 on the lymph nodes, higher @entity138 dose on the primary @entity5 , receiving @entity138 instead of IMRT, and younger age. CONCLUSION: Critical @entity353 during (C) @entity138 was prevalent in half of @entity135 @entity1 . To predict critical @entity353 , a practical prediction tree for adequate nutritional advice was developed, including the risk factors @entity138 to the neck, higher @entity138 dose, @entity138 , and younger age.

title: Prediction model to predict critical @entity353 in XXXX with @entity135 during (chemo)radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1282 is a common and debilitating side effect of chemoradiotherapy. Assessment is difficult; swallowing is multifactorial and studies choose from a range of @entity1282 assessments. This study intended to investigate the relationship between swallowing assessments of @entity1282 in a cohort of @entity1 and to evaluate whether clinical swallowing measures can predict @entity1 reported swallowing outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-three @entity135 @entity1 from two teaching hospitals were recruited prospectively over 25months. At three months follow-up @entity1 were assessed using Rosenbeck's Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), The 100ml Water Swallow Test (WST), The Performance Status Scale: Normalcy of Diet and the @entity601 Anderson @entity1282 Inventory (MDADI). RESULTS: The highest correlation was observed between the MDADI and Normalcy of Diet (rho 0.68) and the lowest between the MDADI and the PAS (rho 0.34). Using multiple regression the PAS and WST accounted for 44% of the variance in the MDADI scores (R(2)=0.44, F=37.8, p<0.001). On stepwise regression, the model only retained the Normalcy of Diet scores (R(2)=0.42, F=107.9, p<0.001). Separating the PAS into subgroups, those with no penetration or aspiration on the PAS scored significantly higher on the MDADI (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 reported swallowing outcomes were strongly aligned with diet restrictions but poorly aligned with clinical assessment. The WST, however, was more correlated than the PAS score, representing a more functional assessment. Clinical @entity1282 , associated with significant morbidity, and @entity1 reported @entity1282 related to quality of life are not interchangeable and must be measured separately.

title: Swallowing outcome measures in XXXX - How do they compare?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous study reported no effect of binge exposure to @entity1068 during the brain growth spurt on the social acquisition of enhanced diet preference in male @entity35 . The objective of this study was to replicate this finding by using the artificial rearing technique and to investigate whether delay-dependent @entity51 previously observed in the water maze would extend to social memory of diet preference. We also addressed whether this naturalistic behavior was dependent on the presentation of diet odor in the context of a @entity35 -produced component in @entity1068 -exposed @entity35 , as it is in normal controls. METHODS: Male @entity35 pups were reared artificially from postnatal days 5 to 18, during which (postnatal days 6-9) they were fed either 6.5 g/kg/day of @entity1068 in a binge model or an isocaloric @entity7969 -dextrin solution (gastrostomy controls). A third suckled control group was reared normally. These test @entity35 were allowed to interact with conspecifics that had previously consumed a distinctive diet, X. Subsequently, the experimental @entity35 were provided a choice between two novel diets, one of which was X, after delays of 0 hr (experiment 1), 24 hr, and 4 weeks (experiment 2). In experiment 3, the @entity35 were again given the two-choice preference test, but after exposure to the diet odor alone. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated a significant preference for the socially cued diet in experiments 1 and 2, and the strength of this inclination remained consistent across the 0-hr, 24-hr, and 4-week retention intervals. Moreover, all groups demonstrated sensitivity to the social context of this task, as shown by a lesser preference for the diet exposed alone in experiment 3. CONCLUSIONS: Intact performance on the ethologically meaningful diet-preference test supports specificity in the cognitive/behavioral effects of developmental exposure to @entity1068 . Interestingly, early isolation, as experienced in the artificial-rearing procedure, also did not impair performance on this social task.

title: Developmental binge exposure to XXXX and artificial rearing do not affect the social transfer of diet preference.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['mnemonic deficits']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The lymphocyte output from small intestine containing either the long continuous ileal Peyer's patch (PP) or several smaller jejunal PP was examined in young @entity742 . Most studies were done in 2-mo-old @entity742 , 1 mo after removal of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). Extracorporeal perfusion of part of the intestine and addition of @entity2822 to the perfusate led to the labeling, in their normal microenvironment, of a regionally defined population of cells. One day later considerable numbers of emigrant lymphocytes were identified by fluorescence microscopy in the spleen, @entity1600 and peripheral lymph nodes, jejunal PP, and bone marrow. In nonperfused ileal PP and thymus the labeling indexes were low. The highest labeling index was in the blood where 3.7% of the lymphocytes were labeled. A similar organ distribution of emigrant cells was found on day 3. When @entity1600 were included in the perfused region more emigrants were identified. In some animals the intestinal lymphatic draining the perfused ileum was cannulated. Continual lymph drainage caused a dramatic decrease in the labeling indexes in other lymphoid organs. A substantial number of lymphocytes leave both ileal PP and jejunal PP via lymphatics and travel to all other lymphoid organs. However, the number of emigrant lymphocytes compared with the total number of labeled lymphocytes in the perfused tissue was about 10 times greater after perfusing gut with the jejunal PP than after ileal PP perfusion. We conclude that relatively more lymphocytes emigrate from the jejunal PP than from the ileal PP.

title: Peyer's patches export lymphocytes throughout the lymphoid system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['MLN', 'mesenteric lymph nodes']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: All the cases of clinical @entity1956 reported in Sweden since 1969 have been studied. The 10-year period 1976-1985 has been analysed intensively. For comparative purposes, the study also includes the @entity99 cases reported in 1962 and 1967. Serum @entity99 first affected young adults aged 15-24 years at the beginning of the 1960s. Cyclical outbreaks of @entity1956 due to transmission among drug abusers have been recognised since 1969. The disease was first observed in urban areas but later in rural parts of Sweden also. After 1976, a year in which outbreaks arose in various parts of Sweden, the numbers of @entity1956 cases decreased. In 1969, more than 50% of the cases reported as serum @entity99 concerned drug abusers. During the period 1976-1985, the main risk factor was @entity734 for between 20 and 52% of cases and sexual activity for between 8 and 28% of cases. Since 1969, 2-3% of cases annually have been related to blood-transfusion. In the last 5-year period, a total of 129 cases was reported among @entity1 employed in the medical and dental fields. Of these, 59 had non-occupational exposure. During the same period, 33 @entity1 reported contacts with infected @entity1 , mostly household contacts. Seventy five @entity1 had been travelling abroad.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity5072 , and malignant @entity1478 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity1 with @entity1478 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity1478 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity1127 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity1127 (25.7%) had simple or @entity1869 , 16 @entity1127 (3.1%) had @entity1373 with atypia, and 4 @entity1127 (0.8%) were @entity5 . @entity1127 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity5 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity5072 and @entity5 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity101 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity1478 rarely become malignant, but @entity5072 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity101 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity1127 . To @entity1127 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity1 or to @entity1 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity5 in @entity1478 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Polyps', 'achieve complete removal of the polyp']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps over', 'endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['complex endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity5072 , and malignant @entity1478 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity1 with @entity1478 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity1478 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity1127 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity1127 (25.7%) had simple or @entity1869 , 16 @entity1127 (3.1%) had @entity1373 with atypia, and 4 @entity1127 (0.8%) were @entity5 . @entity1127 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity5 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity5072 and @entity5 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity101 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity1478 rarely become malignant, but @entity5072 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity101 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity1127 . To @entity1127 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity1 or to @entity1 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity5 , @entity1373 , and @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity5072 , and malignant @entity1478 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity1 with @entity1478 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity1478 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity1127 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity1127 (25.7%) had simple or @entity1869 , 16 @entity1127 (3.1%) had @entity1373 with atypia, and 4 @entity1127 (0.8%) were @entity5 . @entity1127 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity5 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity5072 and @entity5 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity101 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity1478 rarely become malignant, but @entity5072 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity101 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity1127 . To @entity1127 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity1 or to @entity1 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for XXXX , @entity1373 , and @entity5 in @entity1478 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benignity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity5072 , and malignant @entity1478 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity1 with @entity1478 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity1478 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity1127 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity1127 (25.7%) had simple or @entity1869 , 16 @entity1127 (3.1%) had @entity1373 with atypia, and 4 @entity1127 (0.8%) were @entity5 . @entity1127 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity5 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity5072 and @entity5 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity101 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity1478 rarely become malignant, but @entity5072 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity101 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity1127 . To @entity1127 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity1 or to @entity1 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity5 , @entity1373 , and XXXX in @entity1478 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of the time interval between referral cytology and the outcome of colposcopically directed biopsy in relation to @entity1082 ) DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction in @entity1 referred after abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. STUDY DESIGN: The study enrolled 453 @entity1 who were referred for colposcopic examination after two Pap smears were reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade @entity75 (LSIL) and 553 @entity1 who were referred with a single smear reported as @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). RESULTS: The results in both @entity1 groups were evaluated in time intervals of 60 days or more, 61 to 120 days, and more than 120 days between referral and colposcopy. A higher proportion of white @entity1 than African American @entity1 and Hispanic @entity1 were seen within 60 days after referral in both referral groups. @entity1 of all race/ethnic backgrounds referred with @entity2784 were seen within 60 days in a significantly larger proportion than @entity1 referred with ASCUS/LSIL. @entity1 referred with ASCUS/LSIL had an increasing frequency of negative HPV findings with the prolonged time intervals. In @entity1 referred with a single smear of @entity2784 , there was a significantly decreasing trend over time in detection of low-risk and unidentified types of HPV and an increasing trend of HPV DNA negative results. CONCLUSION: The frequency of high-risk HPV DNA was similar in @entity1 referred with ASCUS/LSIL or @entity2784 . In both referral groups, there was a time-dependent increase of negative biopsy results and a decreased frequency of low-risk HPV or of unidentified HPV types. This suggests that the initial abnormality on the Pap smear associated with other than high-risk HPV types may regress over time. The presence of high-risk HPV DNA does not predict the actual histologically verifiable tissue changes but indicates a lower probability of negative biopsy results in all time intervals between referral and biopsy.

title: The effect of time interval between referral and colposcopy on detection of XXXX DNA and on outcome of biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'HSIL']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']