abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity328 is the leading cause of @entity697 , @entity55 , @entity693 , and @entity295 . The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was incorporated into the national immunization program in Mexico in 2008. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of @entity2260 serotypes isolated from @entity1  <=5  years of age with @entity3 before and after the introduction of PCV7. METHODS: Isolates from sterile fluids, tissues and other body fluids were obtained from 1993 to 2012. Isolates collected in hospitals for the surveillance network were sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica. Serotyping was done using the Quellung reaction. The pre-vaccination period was considered from 1993-2007. RESULTS: A total of 1346 isolates were collected during 1993-2012. In the pre-vaccination era, serotypes included in PCV7 accounted for 59.7% of the strains, whereas in 2012 they represented only 21% of cases. There was a significant decrease in all PCV7-included serotypes. A gradual increase of the @entity5686 serotype was detected during the vaccination period from 7% in 2008 to 39% of the isolates in 2012. In this year, 29% of the serotypes causing invasive disease were not included in any of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. CONCLUSION: The emergence of PCV7 non-included serotypes after vaccination demands increased surveillance. Currently in Mexico, the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) offers better coverage than the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10).

title: @entity328 Serotypes Identified in Mexican XXXX with Invasive Disease before and After the Introduction of PCV7 (1993-2012).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper provides an overview of @entity73 due to vascular @entity75 , which is referred to as vascular @entity73 (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. Yet in daily practice, it is often challenging to establish the diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 where there is no evident temporal relation between a cerebrovascular event and @entity73 . Because @entity1504 is such a common cause of @entity73 , it provides an obvious target for treatment. In @entity1 whose @entity73 follows directly after a @entity64 , the etiological classification of this @entity64 will direct treatment. In many @entity1 however, VCI develops due to so-called "silent @entity1504 ," without evident cerebrovascular events. In these @entity1 , @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) are the most common cause. Yet no SVD-specific treatments currently exist, which is due to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. This review addresses developments in this field. It offers a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, addresses treatment, and highlights some future perspectives. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Vascular Contributions to @entity73 and @entity303 ," edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Donna M. Wilcock.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel diseases', 'SVDs']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive Impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['vascular damage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper provides an overview of @entity73 due to vascular @entity75 , which is referred to as vascular @entity73 (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. Yet in daily practice, it is often challenging to establish the diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 where there is no evident temporal relation between a cerebrovascular event and @entity73 . Because @entity1504 is such a common cause of @entity73 , it provides an obvious target for treatment. In @entity1 whose @entity73 follows directly after a @entity64 , the etiological classification of this @entity64 will direct treatment. In many @entity1 however, VCI develops due to so-called "silent @entity1504 ," without evident cerebrovascular events. In these @entity1 , @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) are the most common cause. Yet no SVD-specific treatments currently exist, which is due to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. This review addresses developments in this field. It offers a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, addresses treatment, and highlights some future perspectives. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Vascular Contributions to @entity73 and @entity303 ," edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Donna M. Wilcock.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity1504 in XXXX .

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity10204 in @entity554 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity601 , including @entity3570 . It is thought that more subtle @entity10204 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity8853 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity1092 ) exposure in @entity1 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity3392 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity554 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity1968 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity1092 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity3392 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity427 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity600 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity1968 and @entity1092 exposures during development disrupted @entity3457 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity554 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to @entity1968 or XXXX in @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['decreased social affiliation']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['larval activity']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity8853 :: ('MESH:D006986', 'Disease') :: ['hypervitaminosis A']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['malformations and/or neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startle habituation']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity10204 in @entity554 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity601 , including @entity3570 . It is thought that more subtle @entity10204 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity8853 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity1092 ) exposure in @entity1 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity3392 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity554 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity1968 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity1092 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity3392 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity427 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity600 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity1968 and @entity1092 exposures during development disrupted @entity3457 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity554 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to @entity1968 or @entity1092 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity10204 in @entity554 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity601 , including @entity3570 . It is thought that more subtle @entity10204 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity8853 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity1092 ) exposure in @entity1 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity3392 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity554 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity1968 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity1092 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity3392 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity427 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity600 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity1968 and @entity1092 exposures during development disrupted @entity3457 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity554 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to XXXX or @entity1092 in @entity3392 .

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies hypothesized that the analysis of magnetic resonance intensity of the solid portion in paediatric @entity5 can provide pre-surgical information about the histopathology. Classically, high signal-intensity in T2weighted (T2w) images identifies low-grade @entity5 , while anaplasia is characterized by T2 hypointensity. We aimed to investigate if T2w signal intensities can pre-operatively distinguish between low-grade and high-grade @entity1313 in paediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Two raters, blinded to the histological diagnosis, rated the signal intensity of MR images (T2w) from 36 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1313 , 17 @entity1 with low-grade @entity1313 and 19 @entity1 with high-grade @entity1313 were included in this study. Relative T2 values were obtained by dividing the T2w values of the solid portion of the @entity5 by the T2w values of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: The best cut-off point to distinguish low and high-grade paediatric @entity1313 was 0.8. If the signal intensity was less than or equal to 0.8 the @entity5 was expected to be a high-grade @entity5 with a sensitivity of 100%. Prediction of a low-grade @entity5 was more uncertain with a sensitivity of 70.5%. Overall, 86% of the @entity5 would have been predicted correctly. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that T2w signal intensities of the solid portion of @entity1313 in paediatrics can pre-operatively differentiate between low-grade and high-grade @entity5 . In addition, T2 hypointensity may be helpful in targeting stereotactic biopsy.

title: Analysis of T2 signal intensity helps in the differentiation between high and low-grade XXXX in paediatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies hypothesized that the analysis of magnetic resonance intensity of the solid portion in paediatric @entity5 can provide pre-surgical information about the histopathology. Classically, high signal-intensity in T2weighted (T2w) images identifies low-grade @entity5 , while anaplasia is characterized by T2 hypointensity. We aimed to investigate if T2w signal intensities can pre-operatively distinguish between low-grade and high-grade @entity1313 in paediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Two raters, blinded to the histological diagnosis, rated the signal intensity of MR images (T2w) from 36 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1313 , 17 @entity1 with low-grade @entity1313 and 19 @entity1 with high-grade @entity1313 were included in this study. Relative T2 values were obtained by dividing the T2w values of the solid portion of the @entity5 by the T2w values of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: The best cut-off point to distinguish low and high-grade paediatric @entity1313 was 0.8. If the signal intensity was less than or equal to 0.8 the @entity5 was expected to be a high-grade @entity5 with a sensitivity of 100%. Prediction of a low-grade @entity5 was more uncertain with a sensitivity of 70.5%. Overall, 86% of the @entity5 would have been predicted correctly. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that T2w signal intensities of the solid portion of @entity1313 in paediatrics can pre-operatively differentiate between low-grade and high-grade @entity5 . In addition, T2 hypointensity may be helpful in targeting stereotactic biopsy.

title: Analysis of T2 signal intensity helps in the differentiation between high and low-grade @entity1313 in paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity7666 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity526 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity71672 (fluorescent @entity114 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity526 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity3405 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity526 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity3405 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity14474 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity14474 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) XXXX -binding protein (PBP) of @entity7666 exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and @entity14474 .

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity71672 :: ('MESH:C118961', 'Chemical') :: ['Bocillin-FL']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity7666 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity526 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity71672 (fluorescent @entity114 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity526 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity3405 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity526 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity3405 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity14474 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity14474 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding protein (PBP) of XXXX exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and @entity14474 .

answer: @entity7666 :: (1772,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity7666 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity526 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity71672 (fluorescent @entity114 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity526 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity3405 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity526 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity3405 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity14474 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity14474 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding protein (PBP) of @entity7666 exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and XXXX .

answer: @entity14474 :: (7872529(Tax:562),Gene) :: ['beta-lactamase']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine @entity121 fatigue and central motor output during fatiguing single joint exercise at 40% and 80% maximal torque output in resistance trained @entity1 . METHOD: Ten resistance trained @entity1 performed fatiguing isometric knee extensor exercise at 40% and 80% of maximal torque output. Maximal torque, rate of torque development, and measures of central motor output and @entity121 were recorded at two matched volumes of exercise, and after a final contraction performed to exhaustion. Central motor output was quantified from changes in voluntary activation, normalized surface electromyograms (EMG), and V-waves. @entity121 fatigue was assessed from changes in the size and shape of the resting potentiated twitch (Q.pot.tw). Central motor output during the exercise protocols was estimated from EMG and interpolated twitches applied during the task (VAsub). RESULTS: Greater reductions in maximal torque and rate of torque development were observed during the 40% protocol (p<0.05). Maximal central motor output did not change for either protocol. For the 40% protocol reductions from pre-exercise in rate and amplitude variables calculated from the Q.pot.tw between 66.2 to 70.8% (p<0.001) exceeded those observed during the 80% protocol (p<0.01). V-waves only declined during the 80% protocol between 56.8    35.8% to 53.6    37.4% (p<0.05). At the end of the final 80% contraction VAsub had increased from 91.2    6.2% to 94.9    4.7% (p = 0.005), but a greater increase was observed during the 40% contraction where VAsub had increased from 67.1    6.1% to 88.9    9.6% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Maximal central motor output in resistance trained @entity1 is well preserved despite varying levels of @entity121 . Upregulated central motor output during the 40% contraction protocol appeared to elicit greater peripheral fatigue. V-waves declines during the 80% protocol suggest intensity dependent modulation of the Ia afferent pathway.

title: The Magnitude of Peripheral Muscle Fatigue Induced by High and Low Intensity Single-Joint Exercise Does Not Lead to Central Motor Output Reductions in Resistance Trained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral muscle fatigue', 'Quadriceps muscle', 'quadriceps muscle']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of @entity4422 is complex and controversial. The purpose of the present study is to add evidence to the management of @entity4422 , where tissue loss necessitates cover with a free @entity1912 . We identified factors that increase the risk of complications. We questioned whether early @entity1912 coverage improved the clinical outcome and whether we could improve our antibiotic treatment of @entity4422 . METHODS: From 2002 to 2013 we treated 56 @entity1 with an open @entity174 covered with a free @entity1912 . We reviewed @entity1 records and databases for type of @entity130 , smoking, time to tissue cover, @entity281 , amputations, @entity1912 loss and union of @entity174 . We identified factors that increase the risk of complications. We analysed the organisms cultured from @entity4422 to propose the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis. Follow-up was a minimum of one  year. Primary outcome was @entity2348 pattern, amputation, @entity1912 failure and union of the @entity174 . RESULTS: When soft tissue cover was delayed beyond seven  days, @entity281 rate increased from 27 to 60  % (p   <   0.04). High-energy @entity130 @entity1 had a higher risk of amputation, @entity281 , @entity1912 failure and non-union. Smokers had a higher risk of non-union and @entity1912 failure. The bacteria found were often resistant to @entity2261 , @entity581 or @entity115 , but sensitive to @entity2176 or @entity2889 . CONCLUSION: @entity1912 cover within one  week is essential to avoid @entity281 . High-energy @entity130 and smoking are important predictors of complications. We suggest antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity2176 and @entity2889 until the wound is covered in these complex injuries.

title: A review of forty five XXXX covered with free flaps. Analysis of complications, microbiology and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures', 'open tibial fractures']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['infection, bacterial sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity4422 :: (MESH:D005597,Disease) :: ['open tibial fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a @entity1 @entity2953 caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium @entity11739 (serovars L1-L3). LGV clinical manifestations range from severe @entity1066 ( @entity10645 ), primarily caused by the epidemic L2b strains, to painful @entity3329 (the typical LGV bubonic form). Besides potential host-related factors, the differential disease severity and tissue tropism among LGV strains is likely a function of the genetic backbone of the strains. We aimed to characterize the genetic variability among LGV strains as strain- or serovar-specific mutations may underlie phenotypic signatures, and to investigate the mutational events that occurred throughout the pathoadaptation of the epidemic L2b lineage. By analyzing 20 previously published genomes from L1, L2, L2b and L3 strains and two new genomes from L2b strains, we detected 1497 variant sites and about 100 indels, affecting 453 genes and 144 intergenic regions, with 34 genes displaying a clear overrepresentation of nonsynonymous mutations. Effectors and/or type III secretion substrates (almost all of those described in the literature) and inclusion membrane proteins showed @entity3689 changes that were about fivefold more frequent than silent changes. More than 120 variant sites occurred in plasmid-regulated virulence genes, and 66% yielded @entity3689 changes. The identified serovar-specific variant sites revealed that the L2b-specific mutations are likely associated with higher fitness and pointed out potential targets for future highly discriminatory diagnostic/typing tests. By evaluating the evolutionary pathway beyond the L2b clonal radiation, we observed that 90.2% of the intra-L2b variant sites occurring in coding regions involve nonsynonymous mutations, where CT456/tarp has been the main target. Considering the progress on @entity11739 genetic manipulation, this study may constitute an important contribution for prioritizing study targets for functional genomics aiming to dissect the impact of the identified intra-LGV polymorphisms on virulence or tropism dissimilarities among LGV strains.

title: Deep comparative genomics among XXXX lymphogranuloma venereum isolates highlights genes potentially involved in pathoadaptation.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis', 'C. trachomatis']

answer: @entity11739 :: (813,Species) :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since 1961 the use of Cation Exchange Resins has been the mainstream treatment for @entity4144 . For the past 25 years different kind of complications derived from its clinical use have been recognized, being the @entity39 the most feared and lethal of all. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a 72-year-old @entity1 with @entity740 , treated with @entity25210 for @entity4144 treatment who presented in the emergency department with @entity1142 treated with hypertonic cathartics. With clinical deterioration 48h later progressed with @entity39 requiring urgent laparotomy, sigmoidectomy and open abdomen management with subsequent rectal stump perforation and dead. The histopathology finding: @entity25210 embedded in the mucosa, consistent with the cause of perforation. DISCUSSION: Lillemoe reported the first case series of five uremic @entity1 with @entity694 associated with the use of @entity14957 in @entity5121 in 1987 and in 2009 the FDA removed from the market the @entity14957 containing 70% of @entity5121 . The pathophysiologic change of CER goes from @entity4 , @entity1066 , @entity8307 , and the most severe case transmural @entity39 . Up to present day, some authors have questioned the use of CER in the setting of lowering serum @entity972 . Despite its worldwide use in @entity4144 settings, multiple studies have not demonstrated a significant @entity972 excretion by CER. CONCLUSION: Despite the low incidence of @entity1049 and lethal @entity39 associated with the CER clinical use, the general surgeon needs a high index of suspicion when dealing with @entity1 treated with CER and @entity490 .

title: Cation Exchange Resins and XXXX . What surgeons need to know.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'colonic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium polystyrene sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic complication']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranes']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia', 'chronic hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic perforation']


abstract: @entity571 of the hand continues to be a problem in an aging population and affects the proximal and distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and carpometacarpal joints in the hands. Heberden nodes develop in the distal interphalangeal joints and typically present as a deformed and enlarged joint and can cause @entity158 . Surgery rarely is necessary because functional difficulties are uncommon; however, there may be problems if the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints are involved because cartilage destruction generates @entity158 and causes @entity425 . Implant arthroplasty typically can improve @entity158 but does not reliably improve range of motion, and complication and revision rates are substantial. Arthrodesis continues as a treatment for @entity571 , but the surgeon must balance the risks of complications with the benefits of improved @entity1 outcomes. The opposable thumb, which is critical for hand dexterity and strength, can be severely disabled by basal joint @entity625 . The complex architecture of the basal joint continues to be defined by its relationship to the surrounding bony and ligamentous anatomy and its effect on the trapeziometacarpal joint. Nonsurgical treatment may be beneficial, but surgical options, including arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty, should be considered if nonsurgical management fails. Prosthetic arthroplasty has a historically poor record; therefore, trapeziectomy remains the hallmark of current reconstructive techniques. Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty are the most commonly performed surgical procedures, but @entity1410 distraction arthroplasty and various methods of suspensionplasty also are currently used.

title: XXXX of the thumb and digits: current concepts.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['digital osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness and motion loss']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity1760 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ). Baseline serum @entity1760 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity204 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity1 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity972 and albumin levels, higher @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels and prevalence of @entity955 and @entity66 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity972 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity1851 levels and prevalence of @entity66 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity204 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity204 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity204 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity204 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum @entity1760 to mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 with XXXX : a 3-year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'SHPT']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity1760 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ). Baseline serum @entity1760 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity204 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity1 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity972 and albumin levels, higher @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels and prevalence of @entity955 and @entity66 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity972 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity1851 levels and prevalence of @entity66 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity204 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity204 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity204 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity204 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum XXXX to mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 : a 3-year cohort study.

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of contribution of disturbed @entity1760 balance to mortality remains unclear among hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: This was a cohort study involving 3276 @entity1 on maintenance hemodialysis at 86 facilities in Japan from 2008 to 2010 who had @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ). Baseline serum @entity1760 (sMg) values were categorized into quintiles ( <=2.3, >2.3-2.5, >2.5-2.7, >2.7-3.0 and >3.0 mg/dL), and the middle quintile was set as the reference. Outcome was all-cause @entity204 . Independent contribution to all-cause @entity204 was assessed via Cox regression to generate population-attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: A total of 2165 @entity1 from 68 facilities were analyzed. The lowest quintile of sMg was positively associated with lower serum @entity972 and albumin levels, higher @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels and prevalence of @entity955 and @entity66 than the other quintiles. The highest sMg quintile was positively associated with higher @entity972 levels, and negatively associated with lower serum albumin levels and higher intact parathyroid hormone and @entity1851 levels and prevalence of @entity66 than the other quintiles. During a median follow-up of 3 years, the lowest and the second lowest quintiles of sMg were associated with all-cause @entity204 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.737, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.200-2.512 and HR 1.675, 95% CI 1.254-2.238, respectively). Point estimates of adjusted HRs of the highest and the second highest sMg quintiles were higher than those of the middle quintile for all-cause @entity204 . Adjusted PAFs of lower sMg and of higher and lower sMg for all-cause @entity204 were 24.0% (95% CI 13.0-35.0%) and 30.7% (95% CI 14.5-46.8%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity3528 , dysregulated sMg is an important contributor to all-cause @entity204 . Further studies are warranted to examine whether or not correction of sMg improves survival.

title: Contribution of dysregulated serum @entity1760 to mortality in hemodialysis XXXX with @entity3528 : a 3-year cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a public health problem. Although physical activity is essential for the prevention and treatment of most @entity102 , exercise is rarely prescribed for @entity740 @entity1 . The objective of the study was to search for and appraise evidence on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on health endpoints in @entity740 @entity1 . A systematic review was performed of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) designed to compare exercise with usual care regarding effects on the health of @entity740 @entity1 . MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Clinical Trials registry, and proceedings of major nephrology conference databases were searched, using terms defined according to the PICO ( @entity1 , Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) methodology. RCTs were independently evaluated by two reviewers. A total of 5489 studies were assessed for eligibility, of which 59 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of them included small samples, lasted from 8 to 24 weeks and applied aerobic exercises. Three studies included only kidney transplant @entity1 , and nine included pre-dialysis @entity1 . The remaining RCTs allocated hemodialysis @entity1 . The outcome measures included quality of life, physical fitness, muscular strength, heart rate variability, inflammatory and nutritional markers and progression of @entity740 . Most of the trials had high risk of bias. The strongest evidence is for the effects of aerobic exercise on improving physical fitness, muscular strength and quality of life in dialysis @entity1 . The benefits of exercise in dialysis @entity1 are well established, supporting the prescription of physical activity in their regular treatment. RCTs including @entity1 in earlier stages of @entity740 and after kidney transplantation are urgently required, as well as studies assessing long-term outcomes. The best exercise protocol for @entity740 @entity1 also remains to be established.

title: Effects of exercise in the whole spectrum of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extended periods of haemodialysis (HD) can improve @entity1 outcomes. @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ) should be explored as a method of offering extended periods of HD to @entity1 unsuitable for or unable to perform home therapy. METHODS: Ten self-selecting, prevalent HD @entity1 started an @entity7965 programme to assess feasibility and @entity1 satisfaction. Quality-of-life (QOL) measures were evaluated at enrolment and after 4 months of @entity7965 using the EQ-5D, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and the SF-12 questionnaires. Demographic, biochemical and haematological data and data on dialysis adequacy were collected before starting @entity7965 and after 4 months. RESULTS: Three of the 10 @entity1 failed to complete the 2-week run-in period. Seven @entity1 completed the 4-month programme, with mean dialysis time of 355    43.92 min throughout the period. The EQ-5D visual analogue score improved from 48    16.89 to 72    13.2 (P = 0.003) and the HADS @entity148 score decreased from 9    5.83 to 3.57    3.04 (P = 0.029). The @entity1133 reduction ratio improved from 71.57    2.29% to 80.43    3.101% (P < 0.001), with improvements in @entity4613 control, reducing to within the target range from 1.73    0.6 to 1.2    0.2 (P = 0.08). Ultrafiltration (UF) volumes increased during the study from 2000    510 to 2606    343 mL (P = 0.015); there was a significant reduction in mean UF rate adjusted for body weight from 6.47    1.71 to 4.61    1.59 mL/kg/h (P = 0.032). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the significance of these results. CONCLUSIONS: This single-centre study showed a 4-month programme of extended hours @entity7965 is safe and associated with improvements in QOL measures, decreased UF rates and measures of dialysis adequacy. These data have been used to expand our service and inform the design of future randomized controlled trials to examine medical endpoints.

title: A 4-month programme of in-centre nocturnal haemodialysis was associated with improvements in XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['In-centre nocturnal haemodialysis', 'INHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to examine the value of phrenic nerve conduction studies (PNCS) in quantifying diaphragm dysfunction in @entity2655 , as no ideal test of @entity1576 exists in @entity2655 . We prospectively recorded bilateral PNCS, forced vital capacity (FVC), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), respiratory rate, ALSFRS-R, and respiratory symptoms in 100 @entity2655 @entity1 attending our clinic over a nine-month period. Survival data were collected for two years. Results showed that PNCS were reproducible and well tolerated. When the @entity7404 was abnormal (<0.3 mV), the relative risk of a respiratory rate   >18 was 7.2 (95% CI 2.2-37.2, p   <0.01) compared with a @entity7404   >= 0.3 mV. Similarly, the relative risk of orthopnea was 3.5 (95% CI 1.6-8.7, p   <0.01) and @entity1353 2.4 (95% CI 1.4-4.0, p   <0.01). FVC had the strongest correlation with @entity7404 (R(2)   =   0.48 (p   <0.001)). Fourteen of 15 @entity1 with a FVC   <50% had a @entity7404   <0.3 mV. However, eight with a @entity7404   <0.3 had a FVC   >80%. The median survival was 1.07 years when the @entity7404 was   <0.3 mV and   >2 years when the @entity7404 was   >0.3 mV (p   <0.001). In conclusion, the phrenic @entity7404 correlated closely with multiple symptoms, signs, and laboratory measures of @entity1576 and may prove to be a useful biomarker of @entity1576 in @entity2655 .

title: Phrenic nerve conduction studies as a biomarker of XXXX in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency', 'respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['maximum inspiratory pressure', 'MIP']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory insufficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current National @entity5 Network guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for @entity1 with resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with N2 involvement. We investigated the relationship between nodal stage and local-regional recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for @entity1 having an R0 resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multi-institutional database of consecutive @entity1 undergoing R0 resection for stage I-IIIA @entity1149 from 1995 to 2008 was used. @entity1 receiving any radiation therapy before relapse were excluded. A total of 1241, 202, and 125 @entity1 were identified with N0, N1, and N2 involvement, respectively; 161 @entity1 received chemotherapy. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated for LR and DR as first sites of failure, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were made for @entity1349 . Competing risk analysis and proportional hazards models were used to examine LR, DR, and @entity1349 . Independent variables included age, sex, surgical procedure, extent of lymph node sampling, histology, @entity7453 , @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, chemotherapy, nodal stage, and visceral @entity3 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 28.7  months. @entity1 with N1 or N2 nodal stage had rates of LR similar to those of @entity1 with N0 disease, but were at significantly increased risk for both DR (N1, hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-2.59; P=.001; N2, HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55-3.48; P<.001) and @entity204 (N1, HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.81; P<.001; N2, HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.04; P<.001). LR was associated with squamous histology, visceral pleural involvement, @entity5 size, age, wedge resection, and segmentectomy. The most frequent site of LR was the mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation demonstrated that nodal stage is directly associated with DR and @entity1349 but not with LR. Thus, even some @entity1 with, N0-N1 disease are at relatively high risk of local recurrence. Prospective identification of risk factors for local recurrence may aid in selecting an appropriate population for further study of postoperative radiation therapy.

title: Nodal stage of surgically resected XXXX and its effect on recurrence patterns and @entity1349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic or vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current National @entity5 Network guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for @entity1 with resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with N2 involvement. We investigated the relationship between nodal stage and local-regional recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for @entity1 having an R0 resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A multi-institutional database of consecutive @entity1 undergoing R0 resection for stage I-IIIA @entity1149 from 1995 to 2008 was used. @entity1 receiving any radiation therapy before relapse were excluded. A total of 1241, 202, and 125 @entity1 were identified with N0, N1, and N2 involvement, respectively; 161 @entity1 received chemotherapy. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated for LR and DR as first sites of failure, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were made for @entity1349 . Competing risk analysis and proportional hazards models were used to examine LR, DR, and @entity1349 . Independent variables included age, sex, surgical procedure, extent of lymph node sampling, histology, @entity7453 , @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, chemotherapy, nodal stage, and visceral @entity3 . RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 28.7  months. @entity1 with N1 or N2 nodal stage had rates of LR similar to those of @entity1 with N0 disease, but were at significantly increased risk for both DR (N1, hazard ratio [HR]  =  1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-2.59; P=.001; N2, HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55-3.48; P<.001) and @entity204 (N1, HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.18-1.81; P<.001; N2, HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.78-3.04; P<.001). LR was associated with squamous histology, visceral pleural involvement, @entity5 size, age, wedge resection, and segmentectomy. The most frequent site of LR was the mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation demonstrated that nodal stage is directly associated with DR and @entity1349 but not with LR. Thus, even some @entity1 with, N0-N1 disease are at relatively high risk of local recurrence. Prospective identification of risk factors for local recurrence may aid in selecting an appropriate population for further study of postoperative radiation therapy.

title: Nodal stage of surgically resected @entity1149 and its effect on recurrence patterns and XXXX .

answer: @entity1349 :: (MESH:D011475,Disease) :: ['overall survival']


abstract: The early cardiovascular (CV) responses of New Zealand white @entity95 embryos in situ subsequent to maternal SC injection with @entity1862 (HU) were analyzed by in vivo microscopic methods. Laparotomies were performed on gestational day 12, and the gravid uteri were exteriorized. The embryos were exposed by careful incisions of the uterine wall and reflection of the extraembryonic membranes. Temperature, water, and electrolyte homeostasis were maintained throughout all procedures. Maternal injection with HU at a teratogenic level (750 mg HU/kg) caused alterations in the embryonic CV system as early as 2 minutes post-treatment. Typically, within 4 minutes the embryonic craniofacial region responded with dilations of the anterior cardinal vein (ACV) and its tributaries. The ensuing pathological events included @entity548 and @entity1410 in the forebrain, postocular region, mandibular and nasal processes, and apparent collapse of the vasculature in the forelimb bud. Many embryos exhibited @entity548 within 9 minutes. The most severely affected embryos displayed @entity2293 and @entity3179 of blood flow through the cardiac chambers. In contrast, control embryos, which received either no drug treatment of SC injection of saline at various osmolarities and pH's, demonstrated none of the CV changes reported above, even after 120 minutes. Low doses of HU (500 mg/kg) produced only ACV dilations in some embryos by 30 minutes. Histologic analysis of HU embryos confirmed the in vivo microscopic observations. The drastic CV derangements exhibited by many embryos may be one of the causes for the high resorption rates associated with the treatment. Furthermore, since teratogenic doses of HU produce immediate @entity548 and @entity1410 in the embryos in the same craniofacial areas which are later deformed in the term fetus, it is possible that the teratogenic action of this drug may be related to the @entity455 .

title: Cardiovascular alterations in XXXX embryos in situ after a teratogenic dose of @entity1862 : an in vivo microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['initial vascular embryopathies']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages', 'petechial hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The early cardiovascular (CV) responses of New Zealand white @entity95 embryos in situ subsequent to maternal SC injection with @entity1862 (HU) were analyzed by in vivo microscopic methods. Laparotomies were performed on gestational day 12, and the gravid uteri were exteriorized. The embryos were exposed by careful incisions of the uterine wall and reflection of the extraembryonic membranes. Temperature, water, and electrolyte homeostasis were maintained throughout all procedures. Maternal injection with HU at a teratogenic level (750 mg HU/kg) caused alterations in the embryonic CV system as early as 2 minutes post-treatment. Typically, within 4 minutes the embryonic craniofacial region responded with dilations of the anterior cardinal vein (ACV) and its tributaries. The ensuing pathological events included @entity548 and @entity1410 in the forebrain, postocular region, mandibular and nasal processes, and apparent collapse of the vasculature in the forelimb bud. Many embryos exhibited @entity548 within 9 minutes. The most severely affected embryos displayed @entity2293 and @entity3179 of blood flow through the cardiac chambers. In contrast, control embryos, which received either no drug treatment of SC injection of saline at various osmolarities and pH's, demonstrated none of the CV changes reported above, even after 120 minutes. Low doses of HU (500 mg/kg) produced only ACV dilations in some embryos by 30 minutes. Histologic analysis of HU embryos confirmed the in vivo microscopic observations. The drastic CV derangements exhibited by many embryos may be one of the causes for the high resorption rates associated with the treatment. Furthermore, since teratogenic doses of HU produce immediate @entity548 and @entity1410 in the embryos in the same craniofacial areas which are later deformed in the term fetus, it is possible that the teratogenic action of this drug may be related to the @entity455 .

title: Cardiovascular alterations in @entity95 embryos in situ after a teratogenic dose of XXXX : an in vivo microscopic study.

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiology and prognostic indicators in @entity1 with @entity808 ( @entity808 ) of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry was reviewed for @entity1 with head and neck @entity808 from 1973 to 2011. Study variables included age, sex, race, @entity5 size, stage at presentation, and treatment modality. RESULTS: There were 374 cases of head and neck @entity808 identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 50.7years; 60.2% of @entity1 were male and 82.6% were white. After diagnosis, 38.8% of @entity1 underwent surgery and radiation therapy and 48.1% underwent surgery alone. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated overall ( @entity3012 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) of 51% and 67% at 5years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (p=0.030), stage (p=0.002), surgery (p=0.037), and size (p<0.001) were predictors of @entity3012 , while stage (p<0.001) and size (p<0.001) were predictors of @entity66 . For @entity5 , surgery (p=0.011) and size (p=0.010) were predictors of @entity3012 , and size (p=0.001) predicted @entity66 . For stage III/IV @entity5 , both radiotherapy (p=0.024, p=0.009) and size (p=0.001, p=0.001) predicted @entity3012 and @entity66 . For @entity5    5cm, stage (p=0.031) predicted @entity66 . For @entity5 >5cm, male gender (p=0.005), stage (p=0.001), surgery (p=0.003), and radiotherapy (p=0.050) were determinants of @entity3012 , and male gender (p=0.022), stage (p<0.001), and radiotherapy (p=0.002) were determinants of @entity66 . CONCLUSION: Surgical resection confers survival benefit in @entity1 with early stage @entity808 , while radiotherapy improves survival in cases with @entity3 . Surgery and radiotherapy are prognostically important in @entity1 with @entity5 >5cm.

title: XXXX of the head and neck: Demographics, clinicopathologic features, management, and treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'MPNST']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage I/II cancers', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prevent @entity16978 due to anti-group A antibody perinatal management was performed. BACKGROUND: We previously reported a case of severe @entity932 associated with @entity16978 due to anti-group A isoantibody. MATERIAL/METHODS: A 40-year-old Japanese @entity1 , gravida 4 para 1, was pregnant with her second baby. The previous sibling developed severe @entity882 and died 10   days after birth due to @entity932 . He was diagnosed with @entity16978 ; the causative antibody was found to be the anti-group A antibody. @entity229 was started at 7   weeks' gestational age. Intravenous immunoglobulin 1   g   kg(-1)    week(-1) was started at 29   weeks' gestational age and continued to delivery. Serological studies and genotyping were performed. RESULTS: The second @entity1 was delivered at 33   weeks' gestational age by caesarean section. He was discharged without @entity932 or @entity882 . The anti-group A antibody titre in the maternal serum was 2048-4096 (normal range: 4-64). The anti-group A antibody titre in the newborn's serum was 4. Cross-matching between the maternal serum and the paternal platelets was positive. CONCLUSION: Owing to the history of @entity16978 causing @entity932 and @entity204 of the previous sibling, strict follow-up of the subsequent pregnancy was conducted.

title: Perinatal management of XXXX associated with anti-group A antibody.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16978 :: ('MESH:D054098', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity16978 :: (MESH:D054098,Disease) :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Few studies describe the comprehensive immunophenotypic pattern of Blastic Plasmacytoid @entity1544 (BPDCN) in the bone marrow and its treatment. This retrospective analysis evaluates the diagnostic flow cytometry pattern and outcome of 9 @entity1 diagnosed with BPDCN. A four tube 10-color flow cytometry (FCM) panel used for diagnosis of @entity3052 , showed cells in the blast gate ( @entity1195 dim/low SSC) and were positive for @entity404 (bright), @entity1116 (dim), @entity2940 (heterogenous), CD123(bright), @entity4210 , @entity3053 , HLA-DR, @entity8282 . Seven @entity1 received front-line induction therapy with HyperCVAD with an overall response rate of 86%. Five of 6 responders underwent planned allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). For a median follow up of 13.3 months, the 1 year Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 56% and 67%, respectively. An accurate diagnosis of BPDCN can be made by 10-colour FCM using a 4-tube acute @entity1778 panel demonstrating a characteristic pattern of antigen expression. Front-line induction chemotherapy with HyperCVAD can yield high remission rates, but allo-HCT is required for long term durable remissions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX with leukemic presentation: 10-colour flow cytometry diagnosis and HyperCVAD therapy.

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic Cell Neoplasm']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity9433 in @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity1032 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity922 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity922 ( @entity922 ) despite significant incidences of @entity294 and @entity1910 in @entity9433 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity9433 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity9433 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity922 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity137 , adjuvant @entity9433 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity9433 in metastatic @entity1722 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity970 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity9433 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( XXXX ) overexpressing @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Summary scores', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Minimally Clinically Important Difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity9433 in @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity1032 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity922 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity922 ( @entity922 ) despite significant incidences of @entity294 and @entity1910 in @entity9433 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity9433 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity9433 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity922 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity137 , adjuvant @entity9433 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity9433 in metastatic @entity1722 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity970 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of XXXX in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity9433 :: (MESH:C490728,Chemical) :: ['lapatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity9433 in @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity1032 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity922 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity922 ( @entity922 ) despite significant incidences of @entity294 and @entity1910 in @entity9433 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity9433 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity9433 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity922 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity137 , adjuvant @entity9433 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity9433 in metastatic @entity1722 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity970 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity9433 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity9433 in @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity1032 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity922 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity922 ( @entity922 ) despite significant incidences of @entity294 and @entity1910 in @entity9433 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity9433 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity9433 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity922 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity137 , adjuvant @entity9433 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity9433 in metastatic @entity1722 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity970 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of XXXX in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity9433 in early stage @entity1 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate health related quality of life (HRQOL) in TEACH, a phase III randomized placebo controlled trial of 12months of adjuvant @entity9433 in @entity1722 positive ( @entity1722 +) early @entity0 which demonstrated marginal benefit in disease-free survival. METHODS: @entity1 on TEACH completed the Short Form 36-item health survey (version2; SF-36v2) at the baseline, six and 12months after therapy initiation and six monthly thereafter. Mean changes were compared between treatment groups for two summary measures (Physical and Mental Component Summary scores; PCS and @entity1032 ) and eight domain measures (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health), and in @entity1 discontinuing therapy. A five-point change was deemed a @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Response analysis compared the proportion of @entity1 demonstrating a @entity922 in HRQOL, and a regression analysis identified predictors of worsening HRQOL. FINDINGS: 3074 (97%) subjects completed baseline SF-36v2. During the initial 12months, summary SF-36v2 scores decreased in both arms but did not reach @entity922 ( @entity922 ) despite significant incidences of @entity294 and @entity1910 in @entity9433 treated @entity1 . At six months, @entity1 receiving @entity9433 had more significant reductions (p<0.01 versus placebo) in social functioning. Early treatment discontinuations were more frequent on @entity9433 (32% versus 18%), and were associated with more substantial decrements of HRQOL in both arms. For those discontinuing primarily due to adverse events, decrements in HRQOL reached @entity922 in @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) only. Lower baseline HRQOL was a significant predictor of worsening HRQOL (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION: Despite frequent but usually mild @entity137 , adjuvant @entity9433 is not associated with clinically significant decreases in overall HRQOL. These placebo-controlled results may also help to inform physicians and @entity1 using @entity9433 in metastatic @entity1722 positive @entity0 . FUNDING: GlaxoSmithKline. The AVON Foundation NY supported @entity970 , DF and BM and The Friends of the Mater Foundation supported FB.

title: Health related quality of life of @entity1 in TEACH, a randomised placebo controlled adjuvant trial of @entity9433 in early stage XXXX Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( @entity1722 ) overexpressing @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Four @entity1 were found to react to occupational exposure to grinding of hard metal ( @entity45480 ). Three of the @entity1 had symptoms and signs compatible with an @entity56 , the symptoms disappearing and the chest radiograph clearing when they were absent from work for a few months. Re-exposure to the offending agent led to new signs and symptoms. The first @entity1 was re-exposed twice and each time reacted a little more seriously. After the last episode her chest radiograph has not cleared completely, in contrast to the first two times. The fourth @entity1 had more typical occupational @entity565 . All the cases occurred in the part of the factory where air concentrations of @entity1953 were the lowest. The @entity1953 there is dissolved in the coolant necessary for grinding the hard metal. It occurs mainly in the ionised form, which is known to react with proteins and therefore presumably acts as a hapten. Protective measures, including choosing a coolant with minimal ability to dissolve @entity1953 and an effective exhaust system, should minimise the risk of this @entity3675 in the future.

title: Hard metal lung disease: importance of XXXX in coolants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity45480 :: ('MESH:C002802', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten carbide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic alveolitis']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['cobalt']


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity4722 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity4722 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity35 for 18 months before the @entity844 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity844 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity1718 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity3952 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity3106 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity1474 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity1474 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity4600 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity2434 , @entity3633 , and @entity6298 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity4722 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity2434 and @entity3633 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity6298 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity844 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity844 intake affect the @entity844 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 XXXX in @entity35 heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of @entity4722 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity6298 :: ('CHEBI:28494', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity4722 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity4722 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity35 for 18 months before the @entity844 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity844 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity1718 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity3952 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity3106 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity1474 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity1474 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity4600 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity2434 , @entity3633 , and @entity6298 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity4722 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity2434 and @entity3633 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity6298 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity844 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity844 intake affect the @entity844 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 @entity1718 in @entity35 heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of XXXX .

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: Fat-supplemented dies enriched with @entity4722 by the addition of 12% w/w sunflower seed oil or proportionally reduced in @entity4722 by addition of 12% mutton fat were fed to @entity35 for 18 months before the @entity844 composition of perirenal storage fat and myocardial membranes (phospholipids) was determined. Although the @entity844 composition of perirenal fat generally reflected that of the diet, there was an inverse relationship between the consumption of n-6 and the deposition of n-9 @entity1718 . In addition, enhanced deposition of @entity3952 (18:1, n-9) appears to be related to the dietary intake of @entity3106 (18:0). In contrast, in myocardial membranes the n-3 @entity1474 are found to be increased when the intake of n-6 @entity1474 is reduced. This is particularly evident for @entity4600 (22:6, n-3) which is significantly increased in @entity2434 , @entity3633 , and @entity6298 fractions of myocardial membranes, when the mutton fat diet was fed. After feeding the sunflower seed oil diet, the increased consumption of @entity4722 produced only small changes in the 18:2, n-6 content of cardiac @entity2434 and @entity3633 . These major classes of membrane phospholipids also showed only small increases in 20:4, n-6. In @entity6298 , increased 18:2, n-6 also followed increased dietary intake, but this was not accompanied by increased 20:4, n-6. These changes in myocardial phospholipid @entity844 composition are similar to those observed after short-term feeding reported previously and confirm that changes in dietary n-6/n-3 @entity844 intake affect the @entity844 composition of both myocardial membranes and storage fat. These changes persist for the duration of the feeding period.

title: Altered levels of n-6/n-3 @entity1718 in XXXX heart and storage fat following variable dietary intake of @entity4722 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: After an intensive area-wide mollusciciding campaign, over four and a half years, transmission of @entity380 was reduced. A cheaper scheme suitable for the follow-up or consolidation stage of control was evaluated and two selective population chemotherapy campaigns using @entity35128 (2 mg/kg b.w.) and @entity14606 (15 mg/kg b.w.) were mounted. Prevalence dropped to 6% and 3% in areas with previously high and low levels of transmission respectively. Calculations suggested that these figures were falsely low and that perhaps 20% of the population were still excreting @entity383 ova in small numbers. The unco-operative groups in the population are probably more important in maintaining a reservoir of infection in the community than @entity1 with light infections undetected by the sedimentation concentration stool examination technique used. The benefit of more sensitive but more costly examination techniques is not clear since the importance of very light infections in transmission is uncertain. Case detection absorbs an increasing proportion of the total cost of chemotherapy programmes with fewer cases being found amongst the same number screened. Using @entity35128 (649 treated) the cost per @entity1 protected was  0.74 and using @entity14606 (264 treated)  0.94. The need to develop low cost consolidation or follow-up procedures for preventing a resurgence of transmission after successful control, when the infection is no longer of public health importance, is stressed.

title: XXXX control in Cul de Sac Valley, Saint Lucia. II. Chemotherapy as a supplement to a focal mollusciciding programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity14606 :: ('MESH:D010073', 'Chemical') :: ['oxamniquine']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity35128 :: ('MESH:D006826', 'Chemical') :: ['hycanthone']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of a cognitive and emotional test battery in a representative sample of @entity308 outpatients to inform likelihood of remission over 8 weeks of treatment with each of three common antidepressant medications. @entity1 AND METHODS: Outpatients 18-65 years old with nonpsychotic major @entity308 (17 sites) were randomized to @entity837 , @entity3756 or @entity906 -XR (extended release). @entity1 scored >= 12 on the baseline 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report and completed 8 weeks of treatment. The baseline test battery measured cognitive and emotional status. Exploratory multivariate logistic regression models predicting remission (16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report score  <=5 at 8 weeks) were developed independently for each medication in subgroups stratified by age, sex, or cognitive and emotional test performance. The model with the highest cross-validated accuracy determined the @entity1 proportion in each arm for whom remission could be predicted with an accuracy >= 10% above chance. The proportion for whom a prediction could be made with very high certainty (positive predictive value and negative predictive value exceeding 80%) was calculated by incrementally increasing test battery thresholds to predict remission/non-remission. RESULTS: The test battery, individually developed for each medication, improved identification of remitting and non-remitting @entity1 by >= 10% beyond chance for 243 of 467 @entity1 . The overall remission rates were @entity837 : 40.8%, @entity3756 : 30.3%, and @entity906 -XR: 31.1%. Within this subset for whom prediction exceeded chance, test battery thresholds established a negative predictive value of >= 80%, which identified 40.9% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity837 , 77.1% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity3756 , and 38.7% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity906 -XR (all including 20% false negatives). CONCLUSION: The test battery identified about 50% of each medication group as being >= 10% more or less likely to remit than by chance, and identified about 38% of individuals who did not remit with >= 80% certainty. Clinicians might choose to avoid this specific medication in these particular @entity1 .

title: Toward an online cognitive and emotional battery to predict treatment remission in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We sought to increase our understanding of the @entity2490 relationship and improve strategies for the treatment of @entity1 with these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a connection between upper airway @entity32 and lower airway responsiveness. METHODS: We counted eosinophils on nasal smears, and performed spirometry, allergic skin tests, and @entity2710 challenge tests in 308 schoolchildren plus a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The @entity2710 concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (PC20 < 25 mg/mL) was used as the threshold of @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ). RESULTS: In total, 26% of subjects had positive nasal eosinophils on a smear, and 46.2% of subjects had @entity2488 at < 25 mg/mL @entity2710 PC20. Nasal symptoms were higher in subjects with than without nasal eosinophils (p = 0.012). @entity565 symptoms did not differ between subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. Nasal eosinophils were higher in subjects with @entity402 than those without (p = 0.006), and there was no difference in PC20 @entity2710 according to @entity402 (15.5    1.07 vs. 17.5    0.62; p > 0.05). No difference in @entity2488 was detected when comparing subjects with and without nasal eosinophils. There were significant differences in the PC20 between subjects with greater than 50% nasal eosinophils and without nasal eosinophils (11.01    2.92 mg/mL vs. 17.38    0.61 mg/mL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrated that @entity32 might contribute to lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren, based on an epidemiological survey.

title: Association of XXXX and lower airway responsiveness in schoolchildren based on an epidemiological survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'nasal eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis-asthma']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['nasal inflammation']


abstract: The oral LD50 of @entity5119 in @entity35 and @entity19 was found to be higher than 5 000 mg/kg. Subacute @entity137 studies failed to show any toxic effect in @entity35 and monkeys which received 3 000 and 200 mg/kg/24 h respectively for 90 days. @entity137 studies were carried out in @entity35 during 2 years and in monkeys during 8 years. Daily oral doses of up to 800 mg/kg in @entity35 and 500 mg/kg in monkeys had no demonstrable toxic effects; in particular, there were no differences on electron microscopy between liver sections of monkeys treated for 8 years and those of untreated monkeys. In @entity235 , @entity5119 proved non toxic when given for 14 days. However, during more prolonged administration (90 days) @entity944 occurred in some animals, which was unrelated to dosage or to duration of treatment. Additional studies showed that @entity5119 sensitizes @entity235 myocardium to @entity1425 , thereby inducing @entity2224 . This effect was not observed in other animal species and is considered as specific to @entity235 . A special study was performed in monkeys, which received high doses of @entity5119 (equivalent to 4-15 times the @entity1 dose) associated with an atherogenic diet containing 100 times more @entity165 than their normal diet and large quantities of fats. Some monkeys fainted and died; ECG tracings revealed no other abnormality than an increase in the length of QTc. @entity1370 cannot be extrapolated from animal to @entity1 , since heart monitoring failed to show any abnormality in @entity1 treated with @entity5119 . No mutagenic or carcinogenic effects were observed in @entity35 , and teratological and reproduction studies carried out in @entity35 and @entity95 gave negative results.

title: [Animal XXXX studies of @entity5119 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Chronic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity5119 :: ('MESH:D011341', 'Chemical') :: ['probucol']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The oral LD50 of @entity5119 in @entity35 and @entity19 was found to be higher than 5 000 mg/kg. Subacute @entity137 studies failed to show any toxic effect in @entity35 and monkeys which received 3 000 and 200 mg/kg/24 h respectively for 90 days. @entity137 studies were carried out in @entity35 during 2 years and in monkeys during 8 years. Daily oral doses of up to 800 mg/kg in @entity35 and 500 mg/kg in monkeys had no demonstrable toxic effects; in particular, there were no differences on electron microscopy between liver sections of monkeys treated for 8 years and those of untreated monkeys. In @entity235 , @entity5119 proved non toxic when given for 14 days. However, during more prolonged administration (90 days) @entity944 occurred in some animals, which was unrelated to dosage or to duration of treatment. Additional studies showed that @entity5119 sensitizes @entity235 myocardium to @entity1425 , thereby inducing @entity2224 . This effect was not observed in other animal species and is considered as specific to @entity235 . A special study was performed in monkeys, which received high doses of @entity5119 (equivalent to 4-15 times the @entity1 dose) associated with an atherogenic diet containing 100 times more @entity165 than their normal diet and large quantities of fats. Some monkeys fainted and died; ECG tracings revealed no other abnormality than an increase in the length of QTc. @entity1370 cannot be extrapolated from animal to @entity1 , since heart monitoring failed to show any abnormality in @entity1 treated with @entity5119 . No mutagenic or carcinogenic effects were observed in @entity35 , and teratological and reproduction studies carried out in @entity35 and @entity95 gave negative results.

title: [Animal @entity137 studies of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity5119 :: (MESH:D011341,Chemical) :: ['probucol']


abstract: Infections of the vagina and urinary tract are important problems for the obstetrician. Examination of the vaginal discharge and urine for the presence of leukocytes is an important part of the evaluation for @entity293 . Neutrophils contain several esterases that are not present in serum, urine, or vaginal secretions. These esterases are not influenced by bacteria, commonly used drugs, or variable compositions of urine or vaginal secretions. A prospective study was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of leukocyte esterase activity as measured by dipstick (Chemstrip 9, Biodynamics) for the prediction of @entity293 during pregnancy. Results were compared with those obtained from @entity4014 smears, wet preps, and urine cultures. The vaginal discharge and urine of 65 @entity1 was tested for leukocyte esterase activity on their initial OB visit. Leukocyte esterase was 100% sensitive and 100% specific for detecting @entity293 . It was 100% sensitive and 90% specific for predicting @entity281 . @entity5797 accounted for the positive leukocyte esterase results when the urine culture was negative. On the basis of this study we believe that leukocyte esterase activity is sufficiently sensitive and specific to permit use of this test as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure for @entity293 .

title: Leukocyte esterase activity in the rapid detection of urinary tract and lower genital tract infections in obstetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal infections']

entities_list: @entity5797 :: ('MESH:D014245', 'Disease') :: ['Trichomonas infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis and urinary tract infections', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']