abstract: BACKGROUND: Open curettage with bone graft has been the traditional surgical treatment for symptomatic unicameral calcaneal @entity2001 . Endoscopic procedures have recently provided less invasive techniques with shorter postoperative morbidity. HYPOTHESIS: The authors' endoscopic procedure is effective for young athletes with symptomatic calcaneal @entity2001 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Of 16 young athletes with symptomatic calcaneal @entity2001 , 13 underwent endoscopic curettage and percutaneous injection of bone substitute under the new method. Three @entity1 were excluded because of short-term follow-up, less than 24 months. For the remaining 10 @entity1 , with a mean preoperative 3-dimensional size of 23   31   35 mm as calculated by computed tomography, clinical evaluation was made with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale just before surgery and at the most recent follow-up (mean, 36.2 months; range, 24-51 months), and radiologic assessment was performed at the most recent follow-up, to discover any recurrence or pathologic @entity174 . Furthermore, the 10 @entity1 -all of whom returned to sports activities-were asked how long it took to return to initial sports activity level after surgery. RESULTS: Mean ankle-hindfoot scale score improved from preoperative 78.7    4.7 points (range, 74-87) to postoperative 98.0    4.2 points (range, 90-100) (P < .001). @entity158 and functional scores significantly improved after surgery (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Radiologic assessment at most recent follow-up revealed no recurrence or pathologic @entity174 , with retention of injected @entity78 cement in all cases. All @entity1 could return to their initial levels of sports activities within 8 weeks after surgery (mean period, 7.1 weeks; range, 4-8 weeks), which was quite early as compared with past reports. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic curettage and injection of bone substitute appears to be an excellent option for young athletes with symptomatic calcaneal @entity2001 for early return to sports activities, because it has the possibility to minimize the risk of postoperative pathologic @entity174 and local recurrence after early return to initial level of sports activities.

title: Endoscopic surgery for young athletes with symptomatic unicameral XXXX of the calcaneus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['bone cyst']


abstract: @entity82 is a congenital, metabolic, nonfamilial disturbance that occurs in one or more bones, at times in association with @entity2118 . The authors report on a large personal series of 23 @entity1 with @entity82 involving the craniofacial skeleton. The etiology, clinical findings, pathology, and differential diagnosis of this condition are reviewed and a working hypothesis is offered for the pathophysiology of this disorder. Approximately one-third of @entity1 with @entity82 have involvement of the cranial or facial bones. The authors describe how new techniques in craniofacial surgery have opened up additional options for this group of @entity1 . @entity85 , @entity892 , proptosis, @entity281 , @entity2319 , and @entity1018 , are some of the clinical features that may require early surgical management. Evidence is given to support more complete resection of @entity75 with immediate reconstruction by several techniques. The removal, remodeling, and replacement of the @entity6349 bone is advanced as a promising new method for the management of these complex problems. Successful use of this technique in four @entity1 is reported. In a separate group of @entity1 , continuing good experience is reported with cranio-orbital reconstruction by means of large @entity3677 implants. Both of these surgical approaches eliminate donor site morbidity that results from the grafting of large amounts of autogenous bone. Both techniques also avoid the problems associated with postoperative absorption of bone grafting. Several @entity1 are reported in whom serious disturbances in visual function appear to have been prevented or reversed by early treatment. Factors leading to malignant change in @entity1 with @entity82 are reviewed.

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX . With emphasis on recent contributions from cranio-maxillo-facial surgery.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sinus infection']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentations or endocrine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Deformity']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Giardia is one of the leading protozoal causes of @entity1 @entity344 . It is prevalent in both developed and developing countries. Currently, @entity7014 is the most commonly notified waterborne disease in New Zealand. The aim of the study was to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for @entity281 in the adult population in Auckland. METHODS: This case-control study involved 183 Giardia-positive cases and 336 randomly selected controls, aged between 15 and 64 years. Exposure information was collected retrospectively over the telephone for the 21 days preceding the date of onset of symptoms. Both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out. RESULTS: The majority of cases were in the 25-44-year age group and in the New Zealand European ethnic group. Housewives and nursing mothers were at significant risk of the disease (odds ratio (OR)=2.06; 95% CI=1.4-3.74), as were the occupational groups exposed to @entity1 wastes (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.85-8.85). Consumption of drinking water from New Zealand supplies other than metropolitan mains supplies (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.36-3.27) or from sources outside New Zealand (OR=7.97, 95% CI=4.20-15.12) represented a significantly higher risk, as did traveling (OR=7.57, 95% CI=4.03-14.23) and swimming in pools or fresh water at least once a week (OR=2.04, 95% CI= 1.33-3.12). CONCLUSIONS: The study identified potentially modifiable risk factors for @entity281 . These findings should be investigated further in different groups and settings to ensure better protection of the public health.

title: Risk of XXXX in Aucklanders: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia infection']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illnesses']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: AIM: To report a case series of @entity1 with persistent temple-related problems following lateral wall rim-sparing (LWRS) orbital decompression for @entity8426 and to discuss their management. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 referred to two oculoplastic centres (Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK and Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA) for intervention to improve/alleviate temple-related problems. All @entity1 were seeking treatment for their persistent, temple-related problems of minimum 3   years' duration post decompression. The main outcome measure was the resolution or improvement of temple-related problems. RESULTS: Eleven orbits of six @entity1 (five females) with a median age of 57   years (range 23-65) were included in this study. Temple-related problems consisted of cosmetically bothersome temple hollowness (n=11; 100%), @entity32062 (n=8; 73%), temple tenderness (n=4; 36%), 'clicking' sensation (n=4; 36%) and gaze-evoked @entity3856 (n=4; 36%). Nine orbits were also complicated by proptosis and @entity2372 . Preoperative imaging studies showed the absence of lateral wall in all 11 orbits and evidence of prolapsed lacrimal gland into the wall defect in four orbits. Intervention included the repair of the lateral wall defect with a sheet implant, orbital decompression involving fat, the medial wall or orbital floor and autologous fat transfer or synthetic filler for temple hollowness. Postoperatively, there was full resolution of @entity32062 , temple tenderness, 'clicking' sensation and gaze-evoked @entity3856 , and an improvement in temple hollowness. Pre-existing @entity892 in one @entity1 resolved after surgery while two @entity1 developed new-onset @entity892 necessitating strabismus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first paper to show that persistent, troublesome temple-related problems following LWRS orbital decompression can be surgically corrected. @entity1 should be counselled about the potential risk of these complications when considering LWRS orbital decompression.

title: Surgical management of temple-related problems following lateral wall rim-sparing orbital decompression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['exposure keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity32062 :: ('MESH:C563600', 'Disease') :: ['masticatory oscillopsia', 'masticatory oscillation']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-related orbitopathy']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['thyroid-related orbitopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dysfunction of physiological regulation systems may underlie the disrupted emotional and self-regulatory processes among @entity1 with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). This paper reviews evidence as to whether or not respiratory sinus @entity943 (RSA), as a psychophysiological index of emotional regulation, could provide useful information in treatment-outcome research to provide insights into recovery processes. METHODS: We reviewed the use of RSA in clinical research and studies on @entity734 treatment. Search terms for the review of RSA in clinical research included respiratory sinus @entity943 , heart rate variability, vagal, cardiac vagal control, psychophysiology, intervention, treatment, mindfulness, mind-body, mental health, substance use, chemical dependence, regulation and emotion regulation. For the review of RSA in intervention studies, we included only those that provided adequate description of psychophysiological methods, and examined RSA in the context of an intervention study. RESULTS: RSA appears to be able to provide an index of self-regulatory capacity; however, it has been little used in either intervention or treatment research. Of the four intervention studies included in this review, all were mindfulness-based interventions. Two studies were with substance-using samples, and both showed pre-post increases in RSA and related improved substance use outcomes. Two of the three studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and both showed significant increases in RSA in the experimental compared to comparison condition. CONCLUSION: Respiratory sinus @entity943 may be a useful index of emotional regulation in @entity1 with @entity734 , and a potential measure of underlying mechanisms for @entity734 treatment studies, particularly mindfulness-based interventions.

title: Respiratory sinus XXXX as a potential measure in substance use treatment-outcome studies.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1229 is received by millions of @entity1 in the United States and elsewhere and will remain the most commonly used anticoagulant for the foreseeable future. Percent time in therapeutic range (TTR) with @entity1229 is increasingly used as a performance measure. However, stakeholders have expressed concern that TTR lags behind changes in performance. Work in a larger study focused on the impact of shortening the conventional measurement period for TTR. METHODS: Some 124 sites within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were examined during a seven-year period (fiscal years [FYs] 2008-2014 (April 1, 2007-September 30, 2014). The duration of time segments (2, 3, 4, 6 months) used to calculate TTR were varied, and these four durations were compared in terms of the number of @entity1 retained per site, mean and median site TTR, and site performance rankings. RESULTS: Data were obtained on 295,237 unique @entity1 who received anticoagulation. As the calculation window shortened, @entity1 with better control (that is, higher TTR) were selectively excluded from the measurement because their laboratory values were more widely spaced. Site mean TTR was highest when the most @entity1 were included (6 months: 950 @entity1 ; TTR 65.2%) and lowest when the fewest @entity1 were included (2 months: 567 @entity1 ; TTR 60.0%). However, the 3-, 4-, and 6-month segments achieved similar results, each of which included more than 800 @entity1 per site, with mean TTR across a narrow range (64.9%-65.2%). Site rankings were less highly correlated between the 2-month period and longer periods (r = 0.7- 0.8) but were otherwise 0.95 or higher, with a nearly perfect correlation (0.985) between the 4- and 6-month periods. CONCLUSIONS: When TTR is used to measure site-level performance, comparable results can be achieved using a 4- or a 6-month measurement period. On the basis of these results, the use of a 4-month period for future measurement efforts is recommended.

title: Percent Time in Range with XXXX as a Performance Measure: How Long a Sampling Frame Is Needed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: XXXX : a new entity with @entity600 , @entity231 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['a spondylo-ocular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorders']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity36367 :: ('MESH:C536063', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['crystalline lens malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Mendelian disorder']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Spondylo-ocular syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: @entity2194 : a new entity with @entity600 , @entity231 , @entity1713 , XXXX , and platyspondyly.

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: @entity2194 : a new entity with @entity600 , XXXX , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: @entity2194 : a new entity with XXXX , @entity231 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly.

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['crystalline lens malformation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: @entity2194 : a new entity with @entity600 , @entity231 , XXXX , @entity170 , and platyspondyly.

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: School-located vaccination against @entity683 (SLV-I) has the potential to improve current suboptimal @entity683 immunization coverage for U.S. school-aged @entity1 . However, little is known about SLV-I's cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study is to establish the cost-effectiveness of SLV-I based on a two-year community-based randomized controlled trial (Year 1: 2009-2010 vaccination season, an unusual H1N1 pandemic @entity683 season, and Year 2: 2010-2011, a more typical @entity683 season). METHODS: We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis on a two-year randomized controlled trial of a Western New York SLV-I program. SLV-I clinics were offered in 21 intervention elementary schools (Year 1 n   =   9,027; Year 2 n   =   9,145 @entity1 ) with standard-of-care (no SLV-I) in control schools (Year 1 n   =   4,534 (10 schools); Year 2 n   =   4,796 @entity1 (11 schools)). We estimated the cost-per-vaccinated @entity1 , by dividing the incremental cost of the intervention by the incremental effectiveness (i.e., the number of additionally vaccinated students in intervention schools compared to control schools). RESULTS: In Years 1 and 2, respectively, the effectiveness measure (proportion of @entity1 vaccinated) was 11.2 and 12.0 percentage points higher in intervention (40.7  % and 40.4  %) than control schools. In year 2, the cost-per-vaccinated @entity1 excluding vaccine purchase ( 59.88 in 2010 US  ) consisted of three component costs: (A) the school costs ( 8.25); (B) the project coordination costs ( 32.33); and (C) the vendor costs excluding vaccine purchase ( 16.68), summed through Monte Carlo simulation. Compared to Year 1, the two component costs (A) and (C) decreased, while the component cost (B) increased in Year 2. The cost-per-vaccinated @entity1 , excluding vaccine purchase, was  59.73 (Year 1) and  59.88 (Year 2, statistically indistinguishable from Year 1), higher than the published cost of providing @entity683 vaccination in medical practices ( 39.54). However, taking indirect costs (e.g., averted parental costs to visit medical practices) into account, vaccination was less costly in SLV-I ( 23.96 in Year 1,  24.07 in Year 2) than in medical practices. CONCLUSIONS: Our two-year trial's findings reinforced the evidence to support SLV-I as a potentially favorable system to increase childhood @entity683 vaccination rates in a cost-efficient way. Increased efficiencies in SLV-I are needed for a sustainable and scalable SLV-I program.

title: Cost effectiveness analysis of Year 2 of an elementary school-located XXXX vaccination program-Results from a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5132 is a @entity375 -like pathogen and can cause life-threatening @entity6923 . Its cell surface is enriched with mannan that is resistant to complement activation. Previously, we developed the recombinant human @entity9686 antimannan antibody M1g1. M1g1 was found to promote complement activation and phagocytosis and protect @entity19 from @entity6923 . Here, we evaluate the influence of IgG subclass on antimannan antibody-mediated protection. Three IgG subclass variants of M1g1 were constructed: M1g2, M1g3, and M1g4. The IgG subclass identity for each of the four variants was confirmed with DNA sequence and subclass-specific antibodies. These variants contain the identical M1 Fab and exhibited similar binding affinities for @entity5132 @entity375 and purified mannan. @entity375 cells and hyphae recovered from the kidney of antibody-treated @entity19 with @entity6923 showed uniform binding of each variant, indicating constitutive expression of the M1 epitope and antibody opsonization in the kidney. All variants promoted deposition of both @entity19 and @entity1 C3 onto the @entity375 cell surface with M1g4 showing a delayed activation, as determined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. M1g4-mediated complement activation was found to be associated with its M1 Fab that activates the alternative pathway in an Fc-independent manner. Treatment with each subclass variant extended the survival of @entity19 with @entity6923 (P < 0.001). However, except M1g2, treatment with M1g1, M1g3 or M1g4 also reduced the kidney fungal burden (P < 0.001). Thus, the role of human antimannan antibody in host resistance to @entity6923 is influenced by its IgG subclass.

title: Influence of IgG subclass on human antimannan antibody-mediated resistance to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have functions in diverse biological processes such as growth, signal transduction, disease resistance, and stress responses in plants. Thermotherapy is an effective approach for elimination of viruses from fruit trees. However, the role of miRNAs in this process remains elusive. Previously, we showed that high temperature treatment reduces the titers of @entity72513 ) from the tips of in vitro-grown @entity14225 plants. In this study, we identified high temperature-altered pear miRNAs using the next generation sequencing technology, and futher molecularly characterized miRNA-mediated regulaton of target gene expression in the meristem tip and base tissues of in vitro-grown, @entity50665 -infected pear shoots under different temperatures. RESULTS: Using in vitro-grown @entity14225 shoot meristem tips infected with @entity50665 , a total of 22,592,997 and 20,411,254 clean reads were obtained from Illumina high-throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries at 24    C and 37    C, respectively. We identified 149 conserved and 141 novel miRNAs. Seven conserved miRNAs and 77 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed at different temperatures. Target genes for differentially expressed known and novel miRNAs were predicted and functionally annotated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that high-ranking miRNA target genes were involved in metabolic processes, responses to stress, and signaling, indicating that these high temperature-responsive miRNAs have functions in diverse gene regulatory networks. Spatial expression patterns of the miRNAs and their target genes were found to be expressed in shoot tip and base tissues by qRT-PCR. In addition, high temperature reduced viral titers in the shoot meristem tip, while negatively regulated miRNA-mediated target genes related to resistance disease defense and hormone signal transduction pathway were up-regulated in the @entity14225 shoot tip in response to high temperature. These results suggested that miRNAs may have important functions in the high temperature-dependent decrease of @entity50665 titer in in vitro-grown pear shoots. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of miRNAs differentially expressed at 24    C and 37    C in the meristem tip of pear shoots infected with @entity50665 . The results of this study provide valuable information for further exploration of the function of high temperature-altered miRNAs in suppressing @entity1800 in pear and other fruit trees.

title: Identification and characterization of microRNAs from in vitro-grown pear shoots infected with XXXX in response to high temperature using small RNA sequencing.

entities_list: @entity14225 :: ('3767', 'Species') :: ['Pyrus pyrifolia', 'P. pyrifolia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity72513 :: ('28347', 'Species') :: ['Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV']

answer: @entity72513 :: (28347,Species) :: ['Apple stem grooving virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no published empirical research about the experiences of orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses who have cared for @entity1 with a @entity4207 . However, adults with a @entity4207 sustain more @entity130 , falls and accidents than the general population. Because of their increased health needs, there has been a corresponding increase in their numbers attending general/acute hospitals. The 6 Cs is a contemporary framework and has been used to gauge how orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses rate the Care, Communication, Competence, Commitment, Courage and Compassion for @entity1 with a @entity4207 in orthopaedic and @entity130 hospital settings compared to @entity1 without a @entity4207 . AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses who have cared for @entity1 with a @entity4207 . DESIGN: The study is based on a descriptive survey design and used a questionnaire to elicit data from @entity1 . METHODS: A convenience sample of Registered Nurses completed a questionnaire. The study was explained to delegates attending a concurrent session on the topic of acute hospital care for @entity1 with a @entity4207 at a conference and the questionnaire was left on a table for @entity1 to take if they wished. Questionnaires were returned anonymously. FINDINGS: Of the @entity1 who had completed the questionnaire 100% (n   =   13) had cared for a @entity1 with a @entity4207 . Using the 6 Cs as a framework suggested that care, communication and competence of nurses were worse for @entity1 with a @entity4207 than for @entity1 without a @entity4207 . Three main themes emerged regarding areas of good practices: (1) promoting a positive partnership with @entity1 and carers; (2) modifying care and interventions; (3) supporting the healthcare team. CONCLUSION: There was evidence of good practices within orthopaedic and @entity130 settings such as the active involvement of family or a paid carer who is known to the @entity1 and the modification of care and interventions along with specialist advice and support from the Acute Liaison @entity4207 Nurse. There were areas of concern such as the lack of use of Hospital Passports and the inconsistent implementation of reasonable and achievable adjustments. It is unknown if the care for @entity1 with a @entity4207 is adequate. However, the themes that have emerged accord with the key domains in 'A competency framework for orthopaedic and @entity130 practitioners' (Royal College of Nursing 2012a, 2012b) and therefore could be considered for inclusion in future orthopaedic and @entity130 competencies to enable sharing of best practices.

title: The experiences of orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses who have cared for adults with a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Learning Disability', 'learning disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['learning disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no published empirical research about the experiences of orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses who have cared for @entity1 with a @entity4207 . However, adults with a @entity4207 sustain more @entity130 , falls and accidents than the general population. Because of their increased health needs, there has been a corresponding increase in their numbers attending general/acute hospitals. The 6 Cs is a contemporary framework and has been used to gauge how orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses rate the Care, Communication, Competence, Commitment, Courage and Compassion for @entity1 with a @entity4207 in orthopaedic and @entity130 hospital settings compared to @entity1 without a @entity4207 . AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of orthopaedic and @entity130 nurses who have cared for @entity1 with a @entity4207 . DESIGN: The study is based on a descriptive survey design and used a questionnaire to elicit data from @entity1 . METHODS: A convenience sample of Registered Nurses completed a questionnaire. The study was explained to delegates attending a concurrent session on the topic of acute hospital care for @entity1 with a @entity4207 at a conference and the questionnaire was left on a table for @entity1 to take if they wished. Questionnaires were returned anonymously. FINDINGS: Of the @entity1 who had completed the questionnaire 100% (n   =   13) had cared for a @entity1 with a @entity4207 . Using the 6 Cs as a framework suggested that care, communication and competence of nurses were worse for @entity1 with a @entity4207 than for @entity1 without a @entity4207 . Three main themes emerged regarding areas of good practices: (1) promoting a positive partnership with @entity1 and carers; (2) modifying care and interventions; (3) supporting the healthcare team. CONCLUSION: There was evidence of good practices within orthopaedic and @entity130 settings such as the active involvement of family or a paid carer who is known to the @entity1 and the modification of care and interventions along with specialist advice and support from the Acute Liaison @entity4207 Nurse. There were areas of concern such as the lack of use of Hospital Passports and the inconsistent implementation of reasonable and achievable adjustments. It is unknown if the care for @entity1 with a @entity4207 is adequate. However, the themes that have emerged accord with the key domains in 'A competency framework for orthopaedic and @entity130 practitioners' (Royal College of Nursing 2012a, 2012b) and therefore could be considered for inclusion in future orthopaedic and @entity130 competencies to enable sharing of best practices.

title: The experiences of orthopaedic and XXXX nurses who have cared for adults with a @entity4207 .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To critically evaluate the American Joint Commission on @entity5 (AJCC)/International Union Against @entity5 (UICC) 1997 staging system and look back on its achievements by comparing it with the AJCC/UICC 1992 and Ho 1978 staging systems. To identify areas for additional refinement, we analyzed the prognostic heterogeneity within each stage in depth, which provided important clues for the addition or better categorization of the different defining criteria. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a retrospective review of the data from 1294 consecutive biopsy-proven nonmetastatic @entity189 @entity1 and staged the extent of disease according to the defining criteria of the three staging systems. All @entity1 had undergone detailed pretreatment assessment by fiberoptic endoscopy and CT. Radical-intent radiotherapy was given using the Ho technique according to our standard protocol. RESULTS: The AJCC/UICC 1997 staging system was superior to the other two staging systems, because it assigned @entity1 to more uniform-size stage groupings and correlated better with prognosis. Parapharyngeal space involvement was not an independent predictor for survival, local control, or @entity3 . On the other hand, carotid space involvement correlated with a greater likelihood of @entity3 . Prognostic heterogeneity was found. Those with orbit, cranial nerve, or @entity932 fared worse within Stage T4; those with a maximal lymph node size >3 cm fared worse within Stage N2; and those with bilateral lymph node @entity3 fared worse within Stage N3. CONCLUSION: The prognostic accuracy of the AJCC/UICC 1997 staging system can be improved further by recategorization of the T, N, and group stage criteria.

title: In-depth evaluation of the AJCC/UICC 1997 staging system of XXXX : prognostic homogeneity and proposed refinements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial involvement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present successful triplet pregnancy and delivery after oocyte donation and IVF in a female with chromosome mosaicism for @entity2689 , @entity6629 , and terminal Xp deletion. DESIGN: Descriptive case study. SETTING: Large tertiary care hospital. @entity1 (S): A 23-year-old infertile @entity1 with @entity2588 , @entity851 , and a mosaic karyotype of 45,X[10]/46,X,idic(X)(qter-->p22.3::p22.3-->qter)[40]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of the isodicentric X chromosome revealed terminal Xp deletion. INTERVENTION(S): Ultrasound and laparoscopic examinations revealed @entity43 and a hypoplastic uterus. Oocyte donation and IVF resulted in a triplet pregnancy without major maternal complications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ultrasound and laparoscopy. RESULT(S): A cesarean section was performed at 32 weeks gestation because of @entity3152 and malpresentation. Three babies were delivered with birth weights of 1,514 g, 1,686 g, and 1,968 g. All @entity1 survived and were healthy at 3 years of age. CONCLUSION(S): With careful evaluation and counseling, assisted reproductive technology can be safely used in females with mosaic @entity2008 and @entity444 .

title: Successful triplet pregnancy and delivery after oocyte donation in an infertile female with chromosome mosaicism for XXXX , @entity6629 , and terminal Xp deletion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infants', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['streak ovaries']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['monosomy X']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['X chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['primary amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['partial trisomy X']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['monosomy X']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present successful triplet pregnancy and delivery after oocyte donation and IVF in a female with chromosome mosaicism for @entity2689 , @entity6629 , and terminal Xp deletion. DESIGN: Descriptive case study. SETTING: Large tertiary care hospital. @entity1 (S): A 23-year-old infertile @entity1 with @entity2588 , @entity851 , and a mosaic karyotype of 45,X[10]/46,X,idic(X)(qter-->p22.3::p22.3-->qter)[40]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of the isodicentric X chromosome revealed terminal Xp deletion. INTERVENTION(S): Ultrasound and laparoscopic examinations revealed @entity43 and a hypoplastic uterus. Oocyte donation and IVF resulted in a triplet pregnancy without major maternal complications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ultrasound and laparoscopy. RESULT(S): A cesarean section was performed at 32 weeks gestation because of @entity3152 and malpresentation. Three babies were delivered with birth weights of 1,514 g, 1,686 g, and 1,968 g. All @entity1 survived and were healthy at 3 years of age. CONCLUSION(S): With careful evaluation and counseling, assisted reproductive technology can be safely used in females with mosaic @entity2008 and @entity444 .

title: Successful triplet pregnancy and delivery after oocyte donation in an infertile female with chromosome mosaicism for @entity2689 , XXXX , and terminal Xp deletion.

answer: @entity6629 :: (MESH:C535318,Disease) :: ['partial trisomy X']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thyroid nodules are common, with a lifetime risk of developing a clinically significant thyroid nodule of 10% or higher. Preoperative diagnosis was greatly enhanced by the introduction of fine needle aspiration in the 1970s, but there has been little advancement since that time. Discrimination between benign and @entity5 is currently not possible by fine needle aspiration and can even be difficult after full pathologic review. The purpose of these studies is to identify genes expressed in follicular @entity652 and @entity189 of the thyroid that will permit molecular differentiation of these @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression patterns of 17 @entity6888 were analyzed by oligonucleotide array analysis. Gene profiles for follicular @entity652 and @entity189 were identified, and the two groups were compared for differences in expression levels. The differentially expressed genes were used to perform a hierarchical clustering analysis training set. Five @entity5 with diagnosis undisclosed to the investigators and 2 minimally invasive @entity189 were entered into the cluster analysis as a test set to determine whether diagnosis by gene profile correlated with that obtained by pathologic evaluation. RESULTS: @entity259 and @entity189 showed strikingly distinct gene expression patterns. The expression patterns of 105 genes were found to be significantly different between follicular @entity652 and @entity189 . Many uncharacterized genes contributed to the distinction between @entity5 types. For five @entity5 for which the final diagnosis was undisclosed, the clustering algorithm gave the correct diagnosis in all 5 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Gene profiling is a useful tool to predict the molecular diagnosis of follicular @entity259 . Genes were identified that reliably differentiate @entity259 from @entity652 . This study provides insight into genes that may be important in the molecular pathogenesis of follicular @entity259 , as well candidates for preoperative diagnosis of @entity259 .

title: Classification of follicular XXXX by molecular signature: results of gene profiling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant follicular neoplasms', 'tumor', 'follicular tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6888 :: ('MESH:C572845', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid follicular adenomas', 'thyroid tumors', 'follicular thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: Hepatic hydrothorax is the paradigmatic @entity1143 in @entity1575 . It is defined as a @entity1143 in a @entity1 with @entity101 and no @entity66 . The estimated prevalence of this complication in @entity1 with @entity1575 is 5 to 6%. Its pathophysiology involves movement of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity into the pleural space through diaphragmatic defects. Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis are necessary for diagnosis. Initial management consists of @entity1372 restriction, diuretics, and therapeutic thoracentesis. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may provide a bridge prior to liver transplantation. Spontaneous bacterial @entity3509 is the infection of a preexisting hydrothorax. The more frequent bacteria involved are ENTEROBACTERIACEAE and gram-positive cocci. Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of therapy. This article reviews etiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of these two complications of @entity1575 and @entity101 .

title: XXXX in liver disease.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Pleural effusion']


abstract: Follow-up examinations were performed on 41 @entity1 with 51 flexor @entity1796 of the hand. Eighty per cent of the accidents were caused by a cut mostly from broken glass. The results were classified according to Buck-Gramcko. Primary repair (n = 32) was followed in 72% of an acceptable, good or optimal result. Half on these @entity1 had been treated according to Kleinert's method. Secondary repair (n = 19) showed a good or optimal result in 53%. A more detailed analysis gives no evidence that the @entity1 's age or the localisation of the injury are of major importance in achieving good results. However, primary repair, optimal surgical technique and early mobilisation according to Kleinert seem to be essential for an adequate outcome. Therefore, acute flexor @entity1796 in childhood should only be treated under optimal circumstances (e.g., daytime, surgical team). Otherwise, surgical repair should be delayed for 12 to 48 hours until the best circumstances are available. Furthermore, exact surveillance of the postoperative mobilisation is of crucial importance. In @entity1 who need a flexor tendon transplant, early mobilisation according to Kleinert also seems to produce favourable results.

title: [Flexor XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['tendon injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships over time between dual trajectories of @entity308 and several cognitive domains. METHODS: In a 5-year longitudinal study, 1,978 randomly selected individuals aged 65+ years at recruitment were assessed annually. Repeated measures were of @entity308 on the modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and composite scores in the cognitive domains of attention, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function. Latent class trajectories were identified for @entity308 and for each cognitive domain and their associations investigated using dual trajectory modeling. Cognitive trajectories with z scores below  -1 were designated as persistently low. RESULTS: Five depressive symptom trajectories were observed: rarely depressed (60.5%); low-grade, decreasing symptoms (18.5%); low-grade, increasing symptoms (9.6%); moderate-grade symptoms (7.4%); and consistent higher-grade symptoms (4.0%). For each cognitive domain six trajectories were observed. The rarely depressed and low-grade decreasing symptom groups were the least likely to have persistently low cognition. The symptom trajectory most strongly associated with persistently low functioning in each domain was not the higher-grade group but rather the low-grade increasing group in the case of attention and the moderate-grade trajectory in the other four domains. CONCLUSION: Consistently higher-grade @entity308 are less strongly associated with poor cognitive functioning than with either moderate- or low-grade increasing depressive symptom trajectories, over time and across different domains. Examining both @entity308 and @entity73 allows heterogeneity of both to be addressed, revealing latent groups with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications.

title: Dual Trajectories of XXXX : A Longitudinal Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognition longitudinally']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Depression and Cognition']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is probably the most atherogenic of all the lipoproteins. @entity4670 in LDL metabolism seem to be associated with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) one of them being an elevation of plasma LDL concentration. Recent findings suggest that disorders in the metabolism of LDL could be associated with accelerated @entity731 even without elevated LDL levels such as increased flux of LDL and changes in the LDL composition. Elevation of plasma LDL levels can be caused by two factors, first, a decrease in the clearance of LDL and second, an overproduction of this lipoprotein. Catabolism of LDL is largely determined by the LDL receptors as clearly shown in @entity1 with @entity753 ( @entity753 ). In this @entity74 the @entity1 do not have normal LDL receptors and their LDL levels are remarkably elevated. LDL production is also increased in these subjects. In the rest of the population LDL levels are regulated by both the LDL clearance and production rate. The latter also seems to be related to the @entity754 activity. The conversion of the LDL precursor, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) to LDL is the most important factor regulating LDL synthesis. When the @entity754 activity is low a large fraction of VLDL apolipoprotein B ( @entity755 ), the major structural protein in VLDL, is converted to LDL, and LDL production is high. On the other hand, only a small part of VLDL @entity755 is converted to LDL resulting in low LDL synthesis rate in conditions with high @entity754 activity. The relationships between production and clearance of LDL are, however, more complex. There are individuals who produce a large number of VLDL and LDL particles but maintain LDL concentrations at a normal level by clearing their LDL very effectively. These subjects obviously have another abnormality in lipoprotein metabolism namely an overproduction of @entity755 . This disorder has been observed in several conditions like @entity28 , @entity6 , several @entity1 with @entity5703 and some normolipidemic subjects with premature @entity301 . In all these conditions increased transport of LDL can be associated with @entity453 even in the absence of @entity1007 . This raises the possibility that increased flux of LDL could itself be atherogenic possibly by overloading reverse @entity165 transport. Finally, there is some evidence that LDL particle composition may be important in the process of atherogenesis. High LDL @entity755 but normal LDL @entity165 levels, hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, has been associated with premature @entity301 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Abnormalities in metabolism of low density lipoproteins associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['Several abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['adult-onset diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to identify distinct trajectories of recovery in older @entity308 @entity1 in order to identify optimal samples and points for interventions. METHODS: The sample was 368 @entity1 ages 60   years and older diagnosed with @entity308 and enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study and followed for up to 3   years. RESULTS: A model with four trajectory classes fit the data best: a quick recovery class (43%), a persistent moderate symptom class (27%), a persistent high symptom class (15%), and a slow recovery class (15%). Compared with @entity1 in the quick recovery class, @entity1 in the persistent moderate symptom class had more instrumental activities of daily living/mobility limitations and lower levels of subjective social support. @entity1 in the persistent high symptom class had higher levels of perceived stress and lower levels of social support compared with those with a quick recovery. @entity1 in the slow recovery class had a younger age of onset compared with those in the quick recovery group. In multinomial logistic regression, levels of perceived stress and social support at baseline significantly differed across classes controlling for demographic and health variables. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 diagnosed with @entity308 can have varying patterns of response to treatment. Interventions targeting those @entity1 with higher levels of perceived stress and lower levels of subjective social support at the time of the index episode may lead to more favorable long-term trajectories. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Heterogeneity in the three-year course of XXXX among older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: More than half of @entity1 who smoke in the USA continue to do so while pregnant. While socioeconomic and demographic factors that distinguish pregnancy quitters from persistent smokers have been identified, less is known about behavioral factors that are associated with persistent smoking. Because smoking during pregnancy is not only an individual, but also a maternal behavior, it may have different behavioral correlates than @entity1 's smoking has in general. We propose a conceptual framework in which smoking during pregnancy is viewed as a maternal @entity146 . We explore this conceptualization by examining whether persistent smoking during pregnancy is associated with a pattern of psychosocial risk- and health-compromising behaviors in multiple domains, with pilot data from a small clinic-based sample. Data are presented for 96 predominantly Caucasian, working-class pregnant @entity1 recruited from prenatal clinics in the USA. Smoking during pregnancy was measured repeatedly by self-report and biochemical assay. @entity1 were non-smokers (37%), pregnancy quitters (17%), and persistent smokers (46%). These groups were compared in terms of their history of @entity146 in three domains: interpersonal difficulties, problems in adaptive functioning and problematic health behaviors. With few exceptions, smokers were more likely to have problematic relationships, poorer adaptive functioning and to engage in problematic health behaviors, than both pregnancy quitters and non-smokers. This pattern of @entity146 may interfere with the effectiveness of standard public health prenatal cessation interventions for a sub-group of @entity1 . Examining pregnancy smoking as part of a broader matrix of @entity146 may help to identify pregnant @entity1 most at risk for persistent smoking and inform the development of targeted interventions.

title: Pregnant smokers who quit, pregnant smokers who don't: does history of XXXX make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['problem behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['problem behavior']


abstract: A lack of consensus regarding the definition of even an everyday term can affect physician adherence to clinical guidelines using that term. We demonstrate this by taking, as an illustrative case, the American Academy of Pediatrics' @entity542 ( @entity542 ) management guidelines, which generally recommend at-home observation by a "competent" parent (or the equivalent). The recommendation assumes consensus among physicians as to what parental competence comprises. We systematically examined this assumption. Physicians associated with @entity1 's Hospital, San Diego were mailed a survey asking them to freely list terms defining parental competence. Independent variables were: physician gender, training, specialty, practice location, @entity1 age mix, years in practice, and number of @entity542 cases seen per year. Dependent variables were: free-list content and length, ease and style of competence decision-making style (e.g., independent or collaborative), familiarity with the guidelines, and likelihood of ordering a computed tomography (CT) scan. Of 112 respondents, 34 (30%) were "not at all" or only "slightly" familiar with the guidelines; 23% (21/112) "frequently" or "sometimes" ordered CTs when the guidelines did not support this. Surgeons were more likely to order discretionary CTs. Office-based, pediatric-trained, and female physicians each found it significantly easier than their counterparts to determine which parents were, in their opinion, competent. @entity1 reported using "objective" criteria significantly less frequently than @entity1 . A total of 64 discrete criteria were listed. Individual lists contained an average of 6.5 items. Surgeon's lists were significantly shorter than those of medical physicians. Seven sub-domains of competence were identified. Parental competence is not a unitary construct interpreted similarly by all physicians. Subgroups with distinct models may exist; training and specialization may be key variables. To decrease @entity542 management variation, guidelines should specify parental competence factors to be considered; they may need to be tailored to different physician subgroups.

title: Variation in physicians' definitions of the competent parent and other barriers to guideline adherence: the case of pediatric XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Children', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['minor head injury', 'MHI']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['minor head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Obturator @entity547 is rare type of @entity4036 and its diagnosis usually is made intraoperatively for @entity1744 or computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdomen. The aim of this study was to review @entity1 's records with respect to clinical manifestation, CT scan findings, and operative outcomes. METHODS: From April 2009 to January 2015, six female @entity1 with @entity10193 underwent urgent operation for acute @entity1321 . The medical records were reviewed with respect to clinical manifestation, findings of CT scan and the outcomes of operation. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 was 83 years (range, 79-87 years) and the body mass index was 21.61      0.52  kg/m(2). CT scans of abdomen demonstrated that @entity1321 , consistency with operative findings. Partial bowel resection was performed in two of six @entity1 because of @entity39 of @entity10193 . The @entity547 was repaired with interrupted sutures. @entity358 occurred in one @entity1 , and wound @entity281 in another. One recurrence was observed and two @entity1 died from the unrelated diseases during the period of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity10193 can be made by CT scan preoperatively, and the @entity10193 should be suspected when an unexplained @entity1744 in elderly, thin @entity1 occurs.

title: Bowel obstruction secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hernia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'intestinal obstruction secondary to obturator hernia']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['obturator hernia', 'incarcerated obturator hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity10193 :: (MESH:D006553,Disease) :: ['incarcerated obturator hernia']


abstract: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) may be suitable for treating @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) who are difficult to treat with any other option. However, it remains unclear whether @entity1161 extends survival in these @entity1 . Among the 957 @entity157 @entity1 treated at Tohoku University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2013, only 49 @entity1 received @entity1161 . We therefore retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of these @entity1 ; they were divided into three groups based on the reasons for choosing @entity1161 : 27 @entity1 at Stage IV A (67.1    1.6 years, 50.5    2.1 Gy), 9 @entity1 with alternative therapy (72.2    2.4 years, 58.9    1.1 Gy), and 13 @entity1 who received @entity1161 after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (75.6    2.1 years, 56.5    1.5 Gy). @entity1161 was employed to ensure the local control of the lesion. The @entity1 at Stage IV A were treated with radical @entity1161 (n = 16) or with palliative @entity1161 (n = 11). In radical @entity1161 group, the response rate was 37.5% and the complete response rate was 25%. The survival rate was 12.5    2.6 months after radical @entity1161 . This is considered relatively good for Stage IV A. The disease-free survival rate was 13.0    2.8 months after @entity1161 . This excellent disease-free survival indicates that @entity1161 is an alternative to other treatments. In the TACE group, @entity1 who received the @entity1161 had the significantly long disease-free survival rate than only-TACE (18.0    3.8 months vs. 11.2    0.58 months). We propose that @entity1161 is effective and safe for @entity157 .

title: Radiation Therapy Is a Reasonable Option for Improving the Prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: NifQ- and Mol- mutants of @entity3274 show an elevated @entity5334 requirement for @entity1568 fixation. Substitution of @entity1434 for @entity597 as the @entity599 source in the medium reduced the @entity5334 requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. @entity1434 also increased the intracellular @entity5334 accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. @entity1434 did not affect the @entity5334 requirement or accumulation in wild-type @entity3274 . @entity597 transport and metabolism in @entity3274 were repressed by @entity1434 . However, the effect of @entity1434 on the @entity5334 requirement could not be explained by an interaction between @entity597 and molybdate at the transport level. @entity1434 increased the @entity5334 requirement of Mol- mutants for @entity1507 reductase activity by at least 100-fold. @entity1434 had the same effect on the @entity5334 requirement for @entity1507 reductase activity in @entity526 ChlD- mutants. This shows that @entity1434 does not have a generalized effect on @entity5334 metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of @entity7051 inhibited nitrogenase and @entity1507 reductase derepression with @entity597 as the @entity599 source, but not with @entity1434 . The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of @entity597 metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of @entity1434 or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a @entity599 donor and @entity5334 interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high.

title: Biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor and the @entity5334 cofactor in @entity3274 : effect of XXXX source.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1434 :: ('MESH:D003553', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystine', 'cystine']

entities_list: @entity7051 :: ('MESH:C044659', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdate']

entities_list: @entity5334 :: ('MESH:D008982', 'Chemical') :: ['molybdenum']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: NifQ- and Mol- mutants of @entity3274 show an elevated @entity5334 requirement for @entity1568 fixation. Substitution of @entity1434 for @entity597 as the @entity599 source in the medium reduced the @entity5334 requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. @entity1434 also increased the intracellular @entity5334 accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. @entity1434 did not affect the @entity5334 requirement or accumulation in wild-type @entity3274 . @entity597 transport and metabolism in @entity3274 were repressed by @entity1434 . However, the effect of @entity1434 on the @entity5334 requirement could not be explained by an interaction between @entity597 and molybdate at the transport level. @entity1434 increased the @entity5334 requirement of Mol- mutants for @entity1507 reductase activity by at least 100-fold. @entity1434 had the same effect on the @entity5334 requirement for @entity1507 reductase activity in @entity526 ChlD- mutants. This shows that @entity1434 does not have a generalized effect on @entity5334 metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of @entity7051 inhibited nitrogenase and @entity1507 reductase derepression with @entity597 as the @entity599 source, but not with @entity1434 . The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of @entity597 metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of @entity1434 or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a @entity599 donor and @entity5334 interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high.

title: Biosynthesis of the XXXX - @entity5334 cofactor and the @entity5334 cofactor in @entity3274 : effect of @entity599 source.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: NifQ- and Mol- mutants of @entity3274 show an elevated @entity5334 requirement for @entity1568 fixation. Substitution of @entity1434 for @entity597 as the @entity599 source in the medium reduced the @entity5334 requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. @entity1434 also increased the intracellular @entity5334 accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. @entity1434 did not affect the @entity5334 requirement or accumulation in wild-type @entity3274 . @entity597 transport and metabolism in @entity3274 were repressed by @entity1434 . However, the effect of @entity1434 on the @entity5334 requirement could not be explained by an interaction between @entity597 and molybdate at the transport level. @entity1434 increased the @entity5334 requirement of Mol- mutants for @entity1507 reductase activity by at least 100-fold. @entity1434 had the same effect on the @entity5334 requirement for @entity1507 reductase activity in @entity526 ChlD- mutants. This shows that @entity1434 does not have a generalized effect on @entity5334 metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of @entity7051 inhibited nitrogenase and @entity1507 reductase derepression with @entity597 as the @entity599 source, but not with @entity1434 . The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of @entity597 metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of @entity1434 or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a @entity599 donor and @entity5334 interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high.

title: Biosynthesis of the @entity68 - XXXX cofactor and the @entity5334 cofactor in @entity3274 : effect of @entity599 source.

answer: @entity5334 :: (MESH:D008982,Chemical) :: ['molybdenum']


abstract: NifQ- and Mol- mutants of @entity3274 show an elevated @entity5334 requirement for @entity1568 fixation. Substitution of @entity1434 for @entity597 as the @entity599 source in the medium reduced the @entity5334 requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. @entity1434 also increased the intracellular @entity5334 accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. @entity1434 did not affect the @entity5334 requirement or accumulation in wild-type @entity3274 . @entity597 transport and metabolism in @entity3274 were repressed by @entity1434 . However, the effect of @entity1434 on the @entity5334 requirement could not be explained by an interaction between @entity597 and molybdate at the transport level. @entity1434 increased the @entity5334 requirement of Mol- mutants for @entity1507 reductase activity by at least 100-fold. @entity1434 had the same effect on the @entity5334 requirement for @entity1507 reductase activity in @entity526 ChlD- mutants. This shows that @entity1434 does not have a generalized effect on @entity5334 metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of @entity7051 inhibited nitrogenase and @entity1507 reductase derepression with @entity597 as the @entity599 source, but not with @entity1434 . The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of @entity597 metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of @entity1434 or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a @entity599 donor and @entity5334 interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high.

title: Biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor and the XXXX cofactor in @entity3274 : effect of @entity599 source.

answer: @entity5334 :: (MESH:D008982,Chemical) :: ['molybdenum']


abstract: NifQ- and Mol- mutants of @entity3274 show an elevated @entity5334 requirement for @entity1568 fixation. Substitution of @entity1434 for @entity597 as the @entity599 source in the medium reduced the @entity5334 requirement of these mutants to levels required by the wild type. @entity1434 also increased the intracellular @entity5334 accumulation of NifQ- and Mol- mutants. @entity1434 did not affect the @entity5334 requirement or accumulation in wild-type @entity3274 . @entity597 transport and metabolism in @entity3274 were repressed by @entity1434 . However, the effect of @entity1434 on the @entity5334 requirement could not be explained by an interaction between @entity597 and molybdate at the transport level. @entity1434 increased the @entity5334 requirement of Mol- mutants for @entity1507 reductase activity by at least 100-fold. @entity1434 had the same effect on the @entity5334 requirement for @entity1507 reductase activity in @entity526 ChlD- mutants. This shows that @entity1434 does not have a generalized effect on @entity5334 metabolism. Millimolar concentrations of @entity7051 inhibited nitrogenase and @entity1507 reductase derepression with @entity597 as the @entity599 source, but not with @entity1434 . The inhibition was the result of a specific antagonism of @entity597 metabolism by molybdate. The effects of nifQ and mol mutations on nitrogenase could be suppressed either by the addition of @entity1434 or by high concentrations of molybdate. This suggests that a @entity599 donor and @entity5334 interact at an early step in the biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor. This interaction might occur nonenzymatically when the levels of the reactants are high.

title: Biosynthesis of the @entity68 - @entity5334 cofactor and the @entity5334 cofactor in XXXX : effect of @entity599 source.

answer: @entity3274 :: (573,Species) :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity174 must be focused not only as a cause of direct damage to osseous structures, but also of future disturbances of dentofacial development. Treatment is aimed at restoring normal joint function, occlusion and symmetry. Any disturbance of condylar cartilage will result in alteration of mandibular development. The subsequent deformity of jaw and face will depend not only on the type, intensity extent and chronology of the noxious agent, but also on the particular time of occurrence and growth activity. Thus the effect will be more decided if the disturbance occurs early in life, during childhood, when growth activity is greater and mandibular shape and size have not been assumed yet. This report will include basic information on both prevention and first aid in these types of @entity130 . The correct application of these precautions immediately following the @entity130 should improve the short and long-term outcome. Information on diagnosis and treatment of lesions of the bone and soft tissues, which may coexist with dental @entity130 , a critical first step in the overall management of traumatized @entity1 , will be given. Follow-up procedures of these @entity1 will be illustrated. The guidelines described in this paper for the treatment of traumatic @entity174 in @entity1 and youths are based on our clinical experience. They are intended as an aid to practioners in the management and treatment of these @entity130 , by professional must always use professional judgement. There are no guarantees of any positive results associated with the use of these guidelines, although it is felt that time and proper treatment will maximize the chances of success.

title: XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents: treatment guidelines.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'traumas', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['TMJ fractures']


abstract: @entity174 must be focused not only as a cause of direct damage to osseous structures, but also of future disturbances of dentofacial development. Treatment is aimed at restoring normal joint function, occlusion and symmetry. Any disturbance of condylar cartilage will result in alteration of mandibular development. The subsequent deformity of jaw and face will depend not only on the type, intensity extent and chronology of the noxious agent, but also on the particular time of occurrence and growth activity. Thus the effect will be more decided if the disturbance occurs early in life, during childhood, when growth activity is greater and mandibular shape and size have not been assumed yet. This report will include basic information on both prevention and first aid in these types of @entity130 . The correct application of these precautions immediately following the @entity130 should improve the short and long-term outcome. Information on diagnosis and treatment of lesions of the bone and soft tissues, which may coexist with dental @entity130 , a critical first step in the overall management of traumatized @entity1 , will be given. Follow-up procedures of these @entity1 will be illustrated. The guidelines described in this paper for the treatment of traumatic @entity174 in @entity1 and youths are based on our clinical experience. They are intended as an aid to practioners in the management and treatment of these @entity130 , by professional must always use professional judgement. There are no guarantees of any positive results associated with the use of these guidelines, although it is felt that time and proper treatment will maximize the chances of success.

title: @entity174 in XXXX and adolescents: treatment guidelines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A 19-year-old @entity1 with @entity2461 and increasingly severe @entity662 received various examinations including exercise stress radionuclide test, which revealed hypokinesis and @entity296 in the apex and @entity5988 . Conventional selective coronary arteriography and newly-developed ECG synchronized digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed to identify the genesis of her @entity741 . Selective coronary arteriography revealed congenital coronary arterial fistulae in the right and left coronary arteries. The largest @entity292 was observed around the obtuse marginal artery terminating in the left ventricle. Although stenosis of the left circumflex and @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) were not observed, the @entity6128 appeared to be hypoplastic. @entity509 of the @entity6128 and the steal phenomenon by arterial @entity292 could have been responsible for the @entity741 in the apex, but this method did not clearly reveal the area and the degree of @entity741 in the apex. Sequentially subtracted images during the arterial and capillary phases were obtained by utilizing ECG-synchronized DSA for selective coronary arteriography. For these images, densitometric analysis was adapted to the myocardial region, i.e. circumferential densitometry using 21 segments around the left ventricular wall. @entity296 was clearly demonstrated in the apex in capillary phase images. Moreover, circumferential analysis provided detailed information about the area and the degree of @entity1897 in the myocardium. This analysis by DSA may prove useful for evaluating myocardial perfusion abnormalities.

title: [Regional myocardial perfusion abnormality detected by digital subtraction angiography in a case of XXXX with coronary arterial fistulae].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased myocardial perfusion', 'decreased myocardial perfusion']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending arteries', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['impaired peripheral circulation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: The immunological phenotype of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined with immunoperoxidase techniques. A medium was used which allowed cells to stand at room temperature for 24 h without appreciable loss of cells. From 62 @entity1 a total number of 208 CSF specimens were analysed. It proved possible to perform 4 determinations and a control reaction on 2.5 ml of CSF: cell count, cytology, E-rosetting and staining with a monoclonal antibody, provided that more than 1 cell per mm3 were present. This study focussed on the presence of the common @entity981 marker (cALL, determined with the monoclonal antibody J5). All 21 CSF specimens containing more than 5% cALL positive cells were from @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of common @entity981 , 8 of these samples were considered to be normal and 3 uncertain by standard cytological criteria. Six of the 8 samples which were cytologically normal, were from @entity1 who had clear meningeal involvement at diagnosis, or developed a relapse later. There were no @entity1 who developed a meningeal relapse on cytological criteria that was not detected by immunocytology. In one @entity1 a cytological diagnosis of meningeal relapse was not confirmed by immunocytology, this @entity1 is disease free 2 yr later without cytostatic treatment. Immunoperoxidase methods to detect cALL positive cells in CSF are an invaluable aid to the diagnosis of @entity693 .

title: Diagnosis of @entity693 using immunoperoxidase methods to demonstrate common XXXX cells in cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The immunological phenotype of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined with immunoperoxidase techniques. A medium was used which allowed cells to stand at room temperature for 24 h without appreciable loss of cells. From 62 @entity1 a total number of 208 CSF specimens were analysed. It proved possible to perform 4 determinations and a control reaction on 2.5 ml of CSF: cell count, cytology, E-rosetting and staining with a monoclonal antibody, provided that more than 1 cell per mm3 were present. This study focussed on the presence of the common @entity981 marker (cALL, determined with the monoclonal antibody J5). All 21 CSF specimens containing more than 5% cALL positive cells were from @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of common @entity981 , 8 of these samples were considered to be normal and 3 uncertain by standard cytological criteria. Six of the 8 samples which were cytologically normal, were from @entity1 who had clear meningeal involvement at diagnosis, or developed a relapse later. There were no @entity1 who developed a meningeal relapse on cytological criteria that was not detected by immunocytology. In one @entity1 a cytological diagnosis of meningeal relapse was not confirmed by immunocytology, this @entity1 is disease free 2 yr later without cytostatic treatment. Immunoperoxidase methods to detect cALL positive cells in CSF are an invaluable aid to the diagnosis of @entity693 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX using immunoperoxidase methods to demonstrate common @entity981 cells in cerebrospinal fluid.

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningeal leukemia']


abstract: It is now well established that @entity2931 and @entity1420 are absolutely essential for mammary gland development. Lactation can be induced in non-pregnant animals by sex @entity134 hormone treatment. Most of the genomic actions of @entity2931 are mediated by two @entity2931 receptors ( @entity40664 and @entity40665 , and for gestagens in ruminants by the @entity1420 receptor (PR). Our aim was the evaluation of mRNA expression and protein (localisation and Western blotting) during mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis (early, middle and late) and involution (8, 24, 28, 96-108 h and 14-28 days after the end of milking) in the @entity291 mammary gland (total no. 53). During these stages, the mRNA was assessed by means of real-time RT-PCR (LightCycler). The protein for @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR was localised by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression results indicated the existence of @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR in @entity291 mammary gland. Both @entity40664 and PR are expressed in fg/ micro g total RNA range. The highest mRNA expression was found for @entity40664 and PR in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, followed by a significant decrease to a lower level at the time of lactogenesis with low concentrations remaining during lactation and the first 4 weeks of involution. In contrast, the expression of @entity40665 was about 1000-fold lower (ag/ micro g total RNA) and showed no clear difference during the stages examined, with a significant increase only 2-4 weeks after the end of milking. Immunolocalisation for @entity40664 revealed a strong positive staining in nuclei of lactocytes in non-pregnant heifers, became undetectable during pregnancy, lactogenesis and lactation, and was again detectable 14-28 days after the end of milking. In contrast, PR was localised in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the mammary tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, in primigravid animals, and during late lactation and involution. During lactogenesis, peak and mid lactation, fewer nuclei of epithelial cells were positive, but increased staining of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells was obvious. @entity40664 and @entity40665 protein was found in all mammary gland stages examined by Western blotting. In contrast to mRNA expression, the protein signal for @entity40664 was weaker in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers and during involution (4 weeks). @entity40665 protein showed a stronger signal (two isoform bands) in non-pregnant heifers and 4 weeks after the end of milking. This correlated with the mRNA expression data. Three isoforms of PR (A, B and C) were found by Western blotting in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, but only isoform B remained during the following stages (lactogenesis, galactopoiesis and involution). In conclusion, the mRNA expression and protein data for ER and PR showed clear regulatory changes, suggesting involvement of these receptors in @entity291 mammary gland development and involution.

title: Expression and localisation of @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptors in the XXXX mammary gland during development, function and involution.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: It is now well established that @entity2931 and @entity1420 are absolutely essential for mammary gland development. Lactation can be induced in non-pregnant animals by sex @entity134 hormone treatment. Most of the genomic actions of @entity2931 are mediated by two @entity2931 receptors ( @entity40664 and @entity40665 , and for gestagens in ruminants by the @entity1420 receptor (PR). Our aim was the evaluation of mRNA expression and protein (localisation and Western blotting) during mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis (early, middle and late) and involution (8, 24, 28, 96-108 h and 14-28 days after the end of milking) in the @entity291 mammary gland (total no. 53). During these stages, the mRNA was assessed by means of real-time RT-PCR (LightCycler). The protein for @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR was localised by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression results indicated the existence of @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR in @entity291 mammary gland. Both @entity40664 and PR are expressed in fg/ micro g total RNA range. The highest mRNA expression was found for @entity40664 and PR in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, followed by a significant decrease to a lower level at the time of lactogenesis with low concentrations remaining during lactation and the first 4 weeks of involution. In contrast, the expression of @entity40665 was about 1000-fold lower (ag/ micro g total RNA) and showed no clear difference during the stages examined, with a significant increase only 2-4 weeks after the end of milking. Immunolocalisation for @entity40664 revealed a strong positive staining in nuclei of lactocytes in non-pregnant heifers, became undetectable during pregnancy, lactogenesis and lactation, and was again detectable 14-28 days after the end of milking. In contrast, PR was localised in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the mammary tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, in primigravid animals, and during late lactation and involution. During lactogenesis, peak and mid lactation, fewer nuclei of epithelial cells were positive, but increased staining of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells was obvious. @entity40664 and @entity40665 protein was found in all mammary gland stages examined by Western blotting. In contrast to mRNA expression, the protein signal for @entity40664 was weaker in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers and during involution (4 weeks). @entity40665 protein showed a stronger signal (two isoform bands) in non-pregnant heifers and 4 weeks after the end of milking. This correlated with the mRNA expression data. Three isoforms of PR (A, B and C) were found by Western blotting in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, but only isoform B remained during the following stages (lactogenesis, galactopoiesis and involution). In conclusion, the mRNA expression and protein data for ER and PR showed clear regulatory changes, suggesting involvement of these receptors in @entity291 mammary gland development and involution.

title: Expression and localisation of XXXX and @entity1420 receptors in the @entity291 mammary gland during development, function and involution.

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: It is now well established that @entity2931 and @entity1420 are absolutely essential for mammary gland development. Lactation can be induced in non-pregnant animals by sex @entity134 hormone treatment. Most of the genomic actions of @entity2931 are mediated by two @entity2931 receptors ( @entity40664 and @entity40665 , and for gestagens in ruminants by the @entity1420 receptor (PR). Our aim was the evaluation of mRNA expression and protein (localisation and Western blotting) during mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactopoiesis (early, middle and late) and involution (8, 24, 28, 96-108 h and 14-28 days after the end of milking) in the @entity291 mammary gland (total no. 53). During these stages, the mRNA was assessed by means of real-time RT-PCR (LightCycler). The protein for @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR was localised by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA expression results indicated the existence of @entity40664 , @entity40665 and PR in @entity291 mammary gland. Both @entity40664 and PR are expressed in fg/ micro g total RNA range. The highest mRNA expression was found for @entity40664 and PR in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, followed by a significant decrease to a lower level at the time of lactogenesis with low concentrations remaining during lactation and the first 4 weeks of involution. In contrast, the expression of @entity40665 was about 1000-fold lower (ag/ micro g total RNA) and showed no clear difference during the stages examined, with a significant increase only 2-4 weeks after the end of milking. Immunolocalisation for @entity40664 revealed a strong positive staining in nuclei of lactocytes in non-pregnant heifers, became undetectable during pregnancy, lactogenesis and lactation, and was again detectable 14-28 days after the end of milking. In contrast, PR was localised in the nuclei of epithelial cells in the mammary tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, in primigravid animals, and during late lactation and involution. During lactogenesis, peak and mid lactation, fewer nuclei of epithelial cells were positive, but increased staining of the cytoplasm of epithelial cells was obvious. @entity40664 and @entity40665 protein was found in all mammary gland stages examined by Western blotting. In contrast to mRNA expression, the protein signal for @entity40664 was weaker in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers and during involution (4 weeks). @entity40665 protein showed a stronger signal (two isoform bands) in non-pregnant heifers and 4 weeks after the end of milking. This correlated with the mRNA expression data. Three isoforms of PR (A, B and C) were found by Western blotting in the tIssue of non-pregnant heifers, but only isoform B remained during the following stages (lactogenesis, galactopoiesis and involution). In conclusion, the mRNA expression and protein data for ER and PR showed clear regulatory changes, suggesting involvement of these receptors in @entity291 mammary gland development and involution.

title: Expression and localisation of @entity2931 and XXXX receptors in the @entity291 mammary gland during development, function and involution.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3813 -Band is a safe, reversible, minimally invasive, and effective bariatric technique, whose main late complications are herniation/dilation of the pouch, erosion/migration of the band, and problems with the adjustment system (subcutaneous access port and connection tubing). We describe the surgical timing and techniques for dealing with the principal complications. METHODS: Between October 1995 and September 2001, we treated 540 @entity1 (mean age 43 years, mean BMI 42.6 kg/m(2)). All operations were completed laparoscopically, with no intra-operative complications or mortality. Late complications were: problems with the band adjustment system (n=35); herniation/dilations of the pouch (n=14); erosions/migration of the band into the stomach (n=3). RESULTS: We dealt successfully with all complications using a minimally invasive technique. @entity3976 /dilations of the pouch necessitated 15 successful repositionings of the band, and 2 removals of the band at the @entity1 ' request. Erosion/migration was treated by endo-laparoscopic band removal. Problems with the band adjustment system had to be corrected laparoscopically, under general anesthesia in 17 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: While emphasizing the rarity of complications, we have codified re-operation techniques to help @entity3813 -Band users solve them using a minimally invasive procedure. In particular, problems with the port and connection tubing system can be completely avoided with a transverse subcutaneous positioning in a straight line.

title: Codification of techniques for reoperation after XXXX -Band.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Herniation']

answer: @entity3813 :: (7939,Gene) :: ['Lap']