abstract: A 30-year-old @entity1 developed chills, cough and @entity1353 a few minutes after using a fluoropolymer-based waterproofing spray in a small closed room. He visited our hospital 1  h later. Examination revealed that the @entity1 had incessant cough, @entity7405 , @entity221 and decreased peripheral arterial @entity26 saturation. Blood tests revealed @entity491 with elevated serum @entity1851 levels. Chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral ground glass opacities, mainly in the upper lobes. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from the right middle lobe showed a bloody appearance. Microscopic examination of a BAL cytospin specimen revealed the presence of numerous red blood cells associated with extreme @entity4795 . Microbiological studies of the BAL fluid were negative. The @entity1 was observed without corticosteroid therapy, and his symptoms and abnormal shadows on the chest radiographs and CT improved. On day 7 after admission, the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital. Accidental inhalation of waterproofing spray may cause @entity548 , a rare manifestation of @entity647 . Supportive treatment may be effective and sufficient.

title: XXXX after use of a fluoropolymer-based waterproofing spray.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of botulinum A toxin in treating @entity1 with @entity409 due to detrusor underactivity. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with chronic urinary retention (n = 13) or severe @entity3833 (n = 7) received 50 U of botulinum A toxin by urethral injection. The clinical effects, obstructive symptom score, quality-of-life index, and urodynamics were compared at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS: Of the 4 males and 16 females (age range 14 to 86 years) with @entity409 ( @entity1971 in 5, @entity409 in 5, @entity1897 in 6, and detrusor failure of unknown origin in 4), 18 (90%) were treated satisfactorily. Among these @entity1 , the mean quality-of-life score decreased significantly from 5.68 +/- 0.67 to 1.16 +/- 1.61. The median voiding pressure (56.5 +/- 41.2 versus 39.0 +/- 38.4 cm @entity2507 ) decreased significantly, as did the maximal urethral closure pressure (65.5 +/- 38.1 versus 50 +/- 32.1 cm @entity2507 ) and residual urine volume (300 +/- 189.1 versus 50 +/- 153.6 mL) at 2 weeks after treatment and remained stationary for 3 months. The subjective maximal effect was achieved within 1 to 2 weeks. In 7 @entity1 , the indwelling catheters were removed, and in 4 @entity1 who performed clean intermittent self-catheterization, the frequency decreased or it was discontinued. The other 7 @entity1 with difficult urination had significant improvement in the obstructive symptom score (18 +/- 3.3 versus 7 +/- 4.5, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum A toxin at a dose of 50 U was effective in reducing urethral sphincter resistance among our @entity1 with detrusor underactivity and difficult urination.

title: Effect of botulinum a toxin in the treatment of XXXX due to detrusor underactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'dysfunctional voiding']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina lesion']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['voiding dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between changes in @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) during @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) and the peripheral changes in blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in @entity1 subjects. We hypothesized that @entity1 with no @entity1817 shortening during @entity2224 have a vasovagal-like response with a greater decrease in BP and SNA when compared to @entity1 with @entity1817 shortening. METHODS: @entity1817 , BP, and SNA recordings were attempted in 24 @entity1 undergoing the implantation of a dual-chamber implantable defibrillator. Changes were measured during the first 5 seconds of @entity2224 and compared with the 5 seconds prior to @entity2224 induction. RESULTS: @entity1817 shortened during @entity2224 in nine @entity1 (mean%   @entity1817 = -12    8%) and remained unchanged or lengthened in seven @entity1 (mean%   @entity1817 = 7    7%). Eight @entity1 had ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction prohibiting assessment of @entity1817 changes. In @entity1 with @entity1817 shortening, the %   MBP (mean BP) was -47    6% compared to -58    8% in @entity1 with no @entity1817 shortening (P < 0.01). In @entity1 with VA conduction, the %   MBP was -54    3%. SNA recordings were successfully obtained in four @entity1 . When compared to baseline, SNA increased by 34    30% in two @entity1 with @entity1817 shortening, decreased by 25% in one @entity1 with @entity1817 lengthening, and by 90% in the fourth @entity1 with VA conduction. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that @entity1 with no @entity1817 shortening have a significantly greater decrease in MBP during @entity2224 when compared to @entity1 with @entity1817 shortening. The underlying mechanism appears to be reflex mediated with a vasovagal-like response in @entity1 with no @entity1817 shortening.

title: "Vasovagal" Response during XXXX : Incidence and Implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SNCL', 'sinus node cycle length']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity548 is an important and sometimes serious complication in critically ill neurological @entity1 who suffered from @entity64 and @entity542 and those in intensive care. There is no study evaluating frequency, severity and risk factors of @entity360 in @entity1 with primary @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). AIMS: To evaluate the frequency, severity and predictors of @entity360 in @entity1 with @entity1779 . METHODS: In a prospective hospital-based study, consecutive CT-proven @entity1779 @entity1 within 10 days of the ictus were included. The @entity1 with history of peptic ulcer, @entity360 , @entity8 , @entity548 diathesis and those on antiplatelet, anticoagulant or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were excluded. A detailed neurological evaluation was carried out. Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) was used for assessment of consciousness level and Canadian neurological scale (CNS) for severity of @entity64 . The haematomas were classified into small (<20 ml), medium (20-40 ml) and large (>40 ml). The occurrence of @entity360 during 14 days of ictus was considered due to @entity1779 . To evaluate the predictors of @entity360 , various clinical and CT scan findings were evaluated by univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity1779 were included whose age ranged between 30 and 80 years and 14 were female. The mean GCS score was 8.9 (3-15) and CNS score was 2.2 (2-4). Haematoma was small (<20 ml) in 11 @entity1 and medium (20-40 ml) and large (>40 ml) in 20 @entity1 each. Evidences of @entity295 were present in 20 @entity1 . @entity548 ( @entity548 ) was noted in 15 @entity1 which was more than 40 ml in 4 @entity1 and one of these @entity1 needed blood transfusion. On univariate analysis, the size of haematoma, @entity295 , motor signs on the nonhemiplegic side and pupillary asymmetry were significantly related to @entity360 . On multivariate analysis, the best set of predictors of @entity548 included size of haematoma, @entity295 and GCS score. CONCLUSION: @entity360 is more likely present in @entity1 with larger haematoma having @entity295 . Our study highlights the importance of @entity295 , which is an important and modifiable risk factor for @entity360 in @entity1779 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of XXXX in acute @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric haemorrhage', 'GH', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'gastric haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'GI haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity548 is an important and sometimes serious complication in critically ill neurological @entity1 who suffered from @entity64 and @entity542 and those in intensive care. There is no study evaluating frequency, severity and risk factors of @entity360 in @entity1 with primary @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). AIMS: To evaluate the frequency, severity and predictors of @entity360 in @entity1 with @entity1779 . METHODS: In a prospective hospital-based study, consecutive CT-proven @entity1779 @entity1 within 10 days of the ictus were included. The @entity1 with history of peptic ulcer, @entity360 , @entity8 , @entity548 diathesis and those on antiplatelet, anticoagulant or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were excluded. A detailed neurological evaluation was carried out. Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) was used for assessment of consciousness level and Canadian neurological scale (CNS) for severity of @entity64 . The haematomas were classified into small (<20 ml), medium (20-40 ml) and large (>40 ml). The occurrence of @entity360 during 14 days of ictus was considered due to @entity1779 . To evaluate the predictors of @entity360 , various clinical and CT scan findings were evaluated by univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity1779 were included whose age ranged between 30 and 80 years and 14 were female. The mean GCS score was 8.9 (3-15) and CNS score was 2.2 (2-4). Haematoma was small (<20 ml) in 11 @entity1 and medium (20-40 ml) and large (>40 ml) in 20 @entity1 each. Evidences of @entity295 were present in 20 @entity1 . @entity548 ( @entity548 ) was noted in 15 @entity1 which was more than 40 ml in 4 @entity1 and one of these @entity1 needed blood transfusion. On univariate analysis, the size of haematoma, @entity295 , motor signs on the nonhemiplegic side and pupillary asymmetry were significantly related to @entity360 . On multivariate analysis, the best set of predictors of @entity548 included size of haematoma, @entity295 and GCS score. CONCLUSION: @entity360 is more likely present in @entity1 with larger haematoma having @entity295 . Our study highlights the importance of @entity295 , which is an important and modifiable risk factor for @entity360 in @entity1779 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of @entity360 in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']


abstract: DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Major international tertiary care referral center for @entity2419 repair. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-eight @entity1 at the @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia who had palate repair performed between 2010 and 2013, excluding syndromic @entity1 , @entity1 undergoing palate revision, and @entity1 with incomplete payment information. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Fees and charges for procedures. RESULTS: Surgeon payment was significantly higher for international adoptees (   =  2047.51 [ 128.35 to  3966.66], P = .038). Medicaid-adjusted surgeon payments averaged  1006 more for adoptees ([- 394.19 to  2406.98], P = .158). CONCLUSIONS: Hospital and anesthesiology costs for adoptee palate repair were highly variable but did not differ significantly from those for nonadoptees. Partly due to payer mix, surgeon reimbursement was somewhat higher for international adoptees. No difference in total payment was found.

title: Economic Analysis of XXXX Repair in International Adoptees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation is an early event in the carcinogenic process. Percent methylation of long interspersed @entity4334 element-1 (LINE-1) is a biomarker of genome-wide methylation and is a potential biomarker for @entity0 . Understanding factors associated with percent LINE-1 DNA methylation in histologically normal tissues could provide insight into early stages of @entity105 . In a cross-sectional study of 121 healthy @entity1 with no prior history of @entity5 who underwent reduction mammoplasty, we examined associations between plasma and breast @entity1501 , genetic variation in one- @entity505 metabolism, and percent LINE-1 methylation using multivariable regression models (adjusting for race, oral contraceptive use, and @entity285 use). Results are expressed as the ratio of LINE-1 methylation relative to that of the referent group, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no significant associations between plasma or breast @entity1501 and percent LINE-1 methylation. Variation in @entity9769 , MTR, and @entity7612 were significantly associated with percent LINE-1 methylation. Variant allele carriers of @entity9769 @entity71386 had 4% lower LINE-1 methylation (Ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.98), while variant allele carriers of MTR @entity45494 (Ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and @entity7612 @entity21612 (Ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06) had 3% higher LINE-1 methylation, compared to those carrying the more common genotypes of these SNPs. DNA methylation of LINE-1 elements in histologically normal breast tissues is influenced by polymorphisms in genes in the one- @entity505 metabolism pathway. Future studies are needed to investigate the sociodemographic, environmental and additional genetic determinants of DNA methylation in breast tissues and the impact on @entity0 susceptibility.

title: Associations between genetic variation in one- XXXX metabolism and LINE-1 DNA methylation in histologically normal breast tissues.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we investigate whether the provision of biologic therapy for @entity30 is equitable across South Asian and English groups in NHS Trusts, which serve areas with significant ethnic variation. Data were requested from 10 NHS Trusts using a Freedom of Information (FOI) approach. Details of numbers of @entity1 by ethnicity treated with infliximab or adalumimab for @entity30 between 2010 and 2012 were requested. Using population-based estimates of disease prevalence and Census data on population structure, observed and expected numbers who should have received treatment were calculated. In three Trusts, the number of South Asian @entity1 who received such treatment was significantly less than British/White @entity1 . These were: Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust covering Oldham and North Manchester, Barking, Havering _ Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and University Hospitals of @entity9462 Trust. The study is limited by several factors: The only data available on prevalence in both English and South Asian communities comes from Leicester and was published in 1993. More recent data suggests that the prevalence of @entity30 now approaches 150/10(5) compared to the 76/10(5) for English @entity1 which was recorded in Leicester. However, the two subsequent studies on prevalence which were published in 2000 from the North of England and 2010 from Scotland do not provide a breakdown by ethnicity. The data were collected by administrative staff using a variety of approaches to their Trust's data bases and so the techniques used in each Trust are not comparable. In addition, studies from elsewhere suggest that the quality of FOI data is affected by the motivation of staff who collect the data. With the exception of Leicester, there was no quality check on the accuracy of the data. In Leicester, 139 @entity1 were on a register of biologic therapy and this compared with 343 @entity1 reported by the FOI request. However, the proportions of @entity1 by type of treatment and by ethnicity were comparable in the two data sets. This suggests that the data on ethnic differences reported by the FOI study reflects real differences. Clearly, there are South Asian communities where @entity1 with @entity30 appear not to receive appropriate treatment in the form of biologics, and the reasons behind this need further consideration and investigation. We need to develop robust methods of monitoring the provision of biologic therapy across ethnic groups and communities. It is unacceptable for there to be a difference based on such grounds.

title: Ethnic variations in the provision of biologic therapy for XXXX : a Freedom of Information study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9462 :: ('MESH:C538336', 'Disease') :: ['Leicester NHS']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity4512 is highly prevalent worldwide. PRIMARY STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Helical(  ) microcoils, a new, noninvasive treatment for chronic @entity4512 . DESIGN: This was a prospective, observational study. SETTING: The study was conducted at the main author's private clinic, in S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : We evaluated 20 physicians, from 2 different hospitals, who suffered from chronic @entity4512 and volunteered to participate in the study. INTERVENTION: The Helical(  ) microcoils were applied to the skin over the affected areas. Before and after the intervention, the physician- @entity1 completed questionnaires and a visual analog scale. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We quantified postintervention improvement or worsening of @entity158 and @entity121 . RESULTS: Significant improvements in @entity158 and @entity121 were observed in 95% of the physician- @entity1 evaluated. The only side effect reported was mild @entity111 at the application site, which occurred in 5 of the 20 cases. CONCLUSION: The use of Helical microcoils was found to be safe and efficacious in relieving @entity121 and @entity158 .

title: Cutaneous Application of Silicone Wafers Containing Carbon Microcoils: Efficacy in Relieving Chronic Muscle Tension and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tension']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Limited and conflicting data are available about the association between short-term blood pressure (BP) variability and urinary albumin excretion rate (uAER). The objective of our study was to analyze the relationships between microalbuminuria (MAU), defined as an uAER between 20 and 200    g   @entity1009 ), and short-term BP variability ( @entity15882 ), assessed as average real variability (ARV), weighted s.d. of 24-h BP and as s.d. of daytime and night-time BP. The study population consisted of 315 untreated essential @entity101 with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (>60   ml   @entity1009 ) per 1.73   m(2)), who underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and 24-h uAER determination. MAU was detected in 82 (26%) @entity1 . ARV of 24-h systolic BP (SBP) was significantly higher in @entity1 with MAU (9.8 (8.5-11.1) mm   Hg) when compared with those without it (9.1 (8-10.2) mm   Hg; P=0.007). This difference held (P=0.026) after adjustment for age, mean levels of BP and other potential confounders by analysis of covariance. A statistically significant correlation was also found between ARV of 24-h SBP and uAER (r=0.17; P=0.003). This association remained significant (b=0.15; P=0.01), also taking into account the effect of 24-h average systolic and diastolic BP, age, gender, @entity6 , serum @entity414 , @entity1674 , estimated glomerular filtration rate in multiple regression analyses. All the other indices of short-term @entity15882 tested were not independently associated with MAU. Our results seem to suggest that in essential @entity101 , short-term @entity15882 , only when estimated by ARV of 24-h SBP, is independently associated with MAU.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 18 June 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.66.

title: Average real variability of 24-h systolic blood pressure is associated with microalbuminuria in @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Limited and conflicting data are available about the association between short-term blood pressure (BP) variability and urinary albumin excretion rate (uAER). The objective of our study was to analyze the relationships between microalbuminuria (MAU), defined as an uAER between 20 and 200    g   @entity1009 ), and short-term BP variability ( @entity15882 ), assessed as average real variability (ARV), weighted s.d. of 24-h BP and as s.d. of daytime and night-time BP. The study population consisted of 315 untreated essential @entity101 with normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (>60   ml   @entity1009 ) per 1.73   m(2)), who underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and 24-h uAER determination. MAU was detected in 82 (26%) @entity1 . ARV of 24-h systolic BP (SBP) was significantly higher in @entity1 with MAU (9.8 (8.5-11.1) mm   Hg) when compared with those without it (9.1 (8-10.2) mm   Hg; P=0.007). This difference held (P=0.026) after adjustment for age, mean levels of BP and other potential confounders by analysis of covariance. A statistically significant correlation was also found between ARV of 24-h SBP and uAER (r=0.17; P=0.003). This association remained significant (b=0.15; P=0.01), also taking into account the effect of 24-h average systolic and diastolic BP, age, gender, @entity6 , serum @entity414 , @entity1674 , estimated glomerular filtration rate in multiple regression analyses. All the other indices of short-term @entity15882 tested were not independently associated with MAU. Our results seem to suggest that in essential @entity101 , short-term @entity15882 , only when estimated by ARV of 24-h SBP, is independently associated with MAU.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 18 June 2015; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.66.

title: Average real variability of 24-h systolic blood pressure is associated with microalbuminuria in XXXX with primary @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is an established and successful procedure. However, the design of prostheses continues to be modified in an attempt to optimise the functional outcome of the @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 outcome after @entity348 was influenced by the design of the prosthesis used. A total of 212 @entity1 (mean age 69; 43 to 92; 131 female (62%), 81 male (32%)) were enrolled in a single centre double-blind trial and randomised to receive either a Kinemax (group 1) or a Triathlon (group 2) @entity348 . @entity1 were assessed pre-operatively, at six weeks, six months, one year and three years after surgery. The outcome assessments used were the Oxford Knee Score; range of movement; @entity158 numerical rating scales; lower limb power output; timed functional assessment battery and a satisfaction survey. Data were assessed incorporating change over all assessment time points, using repeated measures analysis of variance longitudinal mixed models. Implant group 2 showed a significantly greater range of movement (p = 0.009), greater lower limb power output (p = 0.026) and reduced report of 'worst daily @entity158 ' (p = 0.003) over the three years of follow-up. Differences in Oxford Knee Score (p = 0.09), report of 'average daily @entity158 ' (p = 0.57) and timed functional performance tasks (p = 0.23) did not reach statistical significance. Satisfaction with outcome was significantly better in group 2 (p = 0.001). These results suggest that @entity1 outcome after @entity348 can be influenced by the prosthesis used.

title: Implant design influences XXXX outcome after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TKA', 'Total knee arthroplasty']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A poor response to chemotherapy ( <= 90% @entity39 ) for @entity421 leads to poorer survival and an increased risk of local recurrence, particularly if there is a close margin of excision. We evaluated whether amputation confers any survival benefit over @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ) with narrow margins in @entity1 who respond poorly to chemotherapy. We only analysed @entity1 with an @entity421 of the limb, a poor response to chemotherapy and close margins on @entity4218 (marginal/intralesional) or primary amputation: 360 @entity1 (36 @entity4218 (intralesional margins), 197 @entity4218 (marginal margins) and 127 amputations) were included. Local recurrence developed in 13 (36%) following @entity4218 with intralesional margins, and 39 (20%) following @entity4218 with marginal margins. There was no local recurrence in @entity1 who underwent amputation. The five-year survival for all @entity1 was 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35 to 46), but for those treated by @entity4218 with marginal margins was 46.2% (95% CI 38 to 53), 36.3% (95% CI 27 to 45) for those treated by amputation, and 28% (95 CI 14 to 44) for those treated by @entity4218 with intralesional margins. @entity1 who had @entity4218 and then developed local recurrence as a first event had the same survival as those who had primary amputation without local recurrence. Prophylactic adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 40 @entity1 but had no discernible effect in preventing local recurrence. Although amputation offered better local control, it conferred no clear survival benefit over @entity4218 with marginal margins in these @entity1 with a poor overall prognosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:115-20.

title: Does amputation offer any survival benefit over limb salvage in XXXX @entity1 with poor chemonecrosis and close margins?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'limb salvage surgery']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: A poor response to chemotherapy ( <= 90% @entity39 ) for @entity421 leads to poorer survival and an increased risk of local recurrence, particularly if there is a close margin of excision. We evaluated whether amputation confers any survival benefit over @entity4218 ( @entity4218 ) with narrow margins in @entity1 who respond poorly to chemotherapy. We only analysed @entity1 with an @entity421 of the limb, a poor response to chemotherapy and close margins on @entity4218 (marginal/intralesional) or primary amputation: 360 @entity1 (36 @entity4218 (intralesional margins), 197 @entity4218 (marginal margins) and 127 amputations) were included. Local recurrence developed in 13 (36%) following @entity4218 with intralesional margins, and 39 (20%) following @entity4218 with marginal margins. There was no local recurrence in @entity1 who underwent amputation. The five-year survival for all @entity1 was 41% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35 to 46), but for those treated by @entity4218 with marginal margins was 46.2% (95% CI 38 to 53), 36.3% (95% CI 27 to 45) for those treated by amputation, and 28% (95 CI 14 to 44) for those treated by @entity4218 with intralesional margins. @entity1 who had @entity4218 and then developed local recurrence as a first event had the same survival as those who had primary amputation without local recurrence. Prophylactic adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 40 @entity1 but had no discernible effect in preventing local recurrence. Although amputation offered better local control, it conferred no clear survival benefit over @entity4218 with marginal margins in these @entity1 with a poor overall prognosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:115-20.

title: Does amputation offer any survival benefit over limb salvage in @entity421 XXXX with poor chemonecrosis and close margins?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although survival rates have improved for @entity1 with bulky and advanced-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ), current treatments entail substantial acute morbidity and risks for late effects such as @entity249 , second @entity5 , and @entity137 . A novel, brief chemotherapy regimen ( @entity632 , @entity5713 , @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity229 [Stanford V]) was designed to shorten the duration of treatment, significantly reduce cumulative doses of alkylating agents, @entity632 , and @entity1732 , and maintain dose-intensity (DI). This brief chemotherapy was combined with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) to bulky disease sites. METHODS: Since May 1989, 65 previously untreated @entity1 were treated for stage II @entity978 with bulky mediastinal involvement (n = 21) or for stage III or IV @entity978 (n = 44). @entity1 received weekly chemotherapy for 12 weeks. Consolidative @entity1161 was given to the first 25 @entity1 to sites of @entity66 or @entity854 that persisted after chemotherapy; in the remaining 40 @entity1 , @entity1161 was limited to bulky disease ( @entity3018 > or = 5 cm and/or macroscopic splenic nodules defined by computed tomography [CT]). RESULTS: With a median follow-up period of 2 years, actuarial 3-year survival rate is 96% and failure-free survival (FFS) rate is 87%. The 3-year FFS rate is 100% for stage II @entity1 with bulky mediastinal disease and 82% for @entity1 with stage III to IV disease. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . In a preliminary analysis on a subset of @entity1 , female and male fertility appears to be preserved. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that the Stanford V chemotherapy regimen with or without @entity1161 is well-tolerated and effective therapy for bulky, limited-stage, and advanced-stage @entity978 . Less cumulative exposure to alkylating agents, @entity632 , and @entity1732 and limited use of radiation is expected to decrease risks for second @entity5 and late cardiopulmonary @entity137 . Based on these results, the Stanford V chemotherapy with or without @entity1161 regimen deserves further study in the context of a randomized clinical trial.

title: Brief chemotherapy, Stanford V, and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced-stage XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cardiopulmonary toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Scintigraphic flare in association with response to therapy has been well described in the medical literature. During the course of a recent @entity0 trial, it became apparent that several @entity1 with worsening bone scan but no other clinical evidence of disease progression might have potentially benefited from continued therapy, but had therapy discontinued. A retrospective analysis of this issue was performed to assess the magnitude and scope of this problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 648 @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive or unknown @entity0 were treated as part of a large-scale trial of first-line hormonal therapy. @entity1 were assessed for response to therapy, including response duration, progression-free interval (PFI), overall survival, and quality of life. The retrospective analysis presented here was performed to assess whether @entity1 with a possible scintigraphic flare within the first 16 weeks of therapy might have had therapy discontinued prematurely due to a worsening bone scan attributable to @entity5 flare, rather than due to disease progression. RESULTS: Analysis of the hormonal trial showed that of 376 assessable @entity1 108 (29%) with @entity79 had a possible scintigraphic flare by week 8 or 16 of the trial, based on data on the case report forms and radiology reports (bone scans and x-rays). Of these, 69 @entity1 (64%) were continued on study therapy, which resulted in clinical benefit in 50 (72%) of those @entity1 . In contrast, 39 @entity1 (36%) with possible scintigraphic flare were removed from the trial. CONCLUSION: We conclude that changes in bone scintigraphy that mimic progressive disease early in the course of hormonal treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 metastatic to bone may represent scintigraphic flare associated with response. Thus, clinicians must be cognizant of the phenomenon of scintigraphic flare to avoid premature discontinuation of a potentially beneficial treatment.

title: Worsening bone scan in the evaluation of antitumor response during hormonal therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) status is the most important prognostic factor for localized @entity320 . Usually, @entity1 with Breslow thickness of less than 1.0 mm are not included in @entity1817 protocols. However, the literature presents a rate ranging from 3 to 7% of nodal recurrence in thin @entity320 . Ulceration, regression and high mitotic rate have been considered to be indications for an @entity1817 biopsy. The metastatic potential of the vertical growth phase is uncertain. To correlate pathological features in thin @entity320 with @entity1817 @entity3 , we reviewed 358 @entity1 submitted to @entity1817 biopsy. Seventy-seven @entity1 with lesions of 1 mm or smaller were included in the study group. Histological evaluation of the @entity5 included thickness, Clark level, mitotic rate, @entity1066 , regression, and growth phase. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed on all @entity1 . Lymphatic mapping and gamma probe detection were both used for @entity1817 biopsy. Histological examination of @entity1817 consisted of @entity1710 - @entity1711 and immunohistochemical staining. Median follow-up was 37 months. Six @entity1 had micrometastases. Statistical analysis by the Fisher test showed that @entity1066 (P = 0.019), high mitotic rate (P = 0.008) and vertical growth phase (P = 0.002) were positively correlated with micrometastases. If other studies confirm these results, more @entity320 @entity1 must be submitted to @entity1817 biopsy.

title: Vertical growth phase and positive sentinel node in thin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel node', 'SN']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: There are few population-based studies of @entity8 and none conducted in developing countries. In the present study the prevalence and predictors of elevated serum @entity1011 levels (SCr > or = 1.3 mg/dl for @entity1 and 1.1 mg/dl for @entity1 ) were determined among Brazilian adults (18-59 years) and older adults (>60 years). @entity1 included all older adults (N = 1742) and a probabilistic sample of adults (N = 818) from Bambu town, MG, Southeast Brazil. Predictors were investigated using multiple logistic regression. Mean SCr levels were 0.77 +/- 0.15 mg/dl for adults, 1.02 +/- 0.39 mg/dl for older @entity1 , and 0.81 +/- 0.17 mg/dl for older @entity1 . Because there were only 4 cases (0.48%) with elevated SCr levels among adults, the analysis of elevated SCr levels was restricted to older adults. The overall prevalence of elevated SCr levels among the elderly was 5.09% (76/1494). The prevalence of hypercreatinemia increased significantly with age (chi = 26.17, P = 0.000), being higher for older @entity1 (8.19%) than for older @entity1 (5.29%, chi = 5.00, P = 0.02). Elevated SCr levels were associated with age 70-79 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-4.42), @entity101 (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.34-6.92), use of antihypertensive drugs (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.26-4.82), @entity662 (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.31-8.74), and @entity613 (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.30-9.09) among @entity1 , and with age >80 years (OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.24-10.65), use of antihypertensive drugs (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.67-9.86), physical inactivity (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4.02) and @entity583 (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.58-9.62) among @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity8 observed was much lower than that reported in other population-based studies, but predictors were similar. New investigations are needed to confirm the variability in prevalence and associated factors of @entity8 among populations.

title: XXXX based on serum @entity1011 levels in a Brazilian community: the Bambu   Health and Ageing Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Detection of renal dysfunction']


abstract: There are few population-based studies of @entity8 and none conducted in developing countries. In the present study the prevalence and predictors of elevated serum @entity1011 levels (SCr > or = 1.3 mg/dl for @entity1 and 1.1 mg/dl for @entity1 ) were determined among Brazilian adults (18-59 years) and older adults (>60 years). @entity1 included all older adults (N = 1742) and a probabilistic sample of adults (N = 818) from Bambu town, MG, Southeast Brazil. Predictors were investigated using multiple logistic regression. Mean SCr levels were 0.77 +/- 0.15 mg/dl for adults, 1.02 +/- 0.39 mg/dl for older @entity1 , and 0.81 +/- 0.17 mg/dl for older @entity1 . Because there were only 4 cases (0.48%) with elevated SCr levels among adults, the analysis of elevated SCr levels was restricted to older adults. The overall prevalence of elevated SCr levels among the elderly was 5.09% (76/1494). The prevalence of hypercreatinemia increased significantly with age (chi = 26.17, P = 0.000), being higher for older @entity1 (8.19%) than for older @entity1 (5.29%, chi = 5.00, P = 0.02). Elevated SCr levels were associated with age 70-79 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-4.42), @entity101 (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.34-6.92), use of antihypertensive drugs (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.26-4.82), @entity662 (OR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.31-8.74), and @entity613 (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.30-9.09) among @entity1 , and with age >80 years (OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.24-10.65), use of antihypertensive drugs (OR = 4.06, 95% CI: 1.67-9.86), physical inactivity (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4.02) and @entity583 (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 1.58-9.62) among @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity8 observed was much lower than that reported in other population-based studies, but predictors were similar. New investigations are needed to confirm the variability in prevalence and associated factors of @entity8 among populations.

title: @entity8 based on serum XXXX levels in a Brazilian community: the Bambu   Health and Ageing Study.

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: 1. A @entity2359 protein similar to erabutoxins a and b of Laticauda semifasciata was isolated in crystalline form from the venoms of Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina. The name ;laticotoxin a' is proposed. 2. Laticotoxin a is homogeneous by CM-cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and by terminal @entity535 analyses. 3. Laticotoxin a consists of 62 @entity535 residues. The molecular weight by ultracentrifuging is 6520. 4. The minimal 50% lethal dose of laticotoxin a by intramuscular injection to @entity19 is 0.13mug./g. body wt. The toxin attacks the postsynaptic membrane, competing with @entity934 . 5. Radioactive @entity1522 are incorporated into laticotoxin a in vivo. The incorporation is inhibited by @entity5808 , suggesting that the biosynthesis of the toxin follows the mechanism of protein biosynthesis, although the toxin molecule is rather small as a protein.

title: Properties and biosynthesis of a XXXX protein of the venoms of s snakes Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ) screening among @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity14 can decrease mortality in their affected first-degree relatives. In Germany, it is not yet clinical practice and the cost-effectiveness of different testing strategies is unknown. METHODS: We developed a decision-analytic model to analyze the cost-effectiveness of @entity4309 screening from the perspective of the German Statutory Health Insurance system. A total of 22 testing strategies considering family-history assessment, analysis of @entity5 samples (i.e., immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability, and @entity817 mutation testing) and genetic sequencing were analyzed. Life-years gained in relatives by closed-meshed colonoscopy and aspirin prophylaxis were estimated by Markov models. Uncertainty was assessed deterministically and probabilistically. RESULTS: On average, detected mutation carriers gained 0.52 life-years (undiscounted: 1.34) by increased prevention. Most strategies were dominated, with three exceptions: family assessment by the Bethesda criteria followed by IHC and @entity817 testing and genetic sequencing; IHC and @entity817 testing and genetic sequencing; and direct sequencing of all index @entity1 . Their incremental cost-effectiveness was [ @entity7634 ]77,268, [ @entity7634 ]253,258, and [ @entity7634 ]4,188,036 per life-year gained, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results were less favorable than those of previous models. Chemoprevention appears to provide comparably low additional benefit and improves cost-effectiveness only slightly.

title: Economic evaluation of genetic screening for XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is of paramount importance in @entity1 management which necessitates the development of efficient as well as accurate diagnostic methods. Q wave is not present in all @entity1 with @entity583 and its prevalence is declining. Recently, fragmented QRS (Fqrs) complex has been introduced as a marker of prior @entity583 . In this study, we intended to investigate diagnostic value of fQRS compared to Q wave. METHODS: We included 500 consecutive @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) who underwent two days gated myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using Dipyridamole pharmacologic stress. ECG was evaluated to detect fQRS as well as Q-Wave. Finally, subjects were compared in terms of ventricular perfusion and function indices. RESULTS: 207 @entity1 and 269 @entity1 with mean age of 57.06  12 years were studied. ECG analysis showed that 14.3% of the @entity1 had both fQRS and Q waves, 30.7% had fQRS and 3.8% had Q waves. Fixed myocardial perfusion defect was noted in 22.3% of @entity1 according to MPIs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for @entity296 detection were 78%, 65%, 39% and 91% respectively for fQRS and 61%, 94% , 76% and 89% for Q wave. CONCLUSIONS: Although fQRS had lower specificity compared to Q wave in the detection of @entity296 , due to higher sensitivity and negative predictive value can be an invaluable diagnostic index. There is also an incremental value for fQRS in association with Q-wave in @entity296 assessment.

title: Comparison between fragmented QRS versus Q wave in XXXX detection using myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'Coronary Artery Disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial scar']


abstract: Objectives. To explore the correlation of serum IgG4 (sIgG4) with clinical manifestations or therapeutic response in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Methods. Consecutive 136 @entity309 @entity1 were recruited and followed up at regular interval. SIgG4 was detected by immunonephelometry. Serial synovial tissue sections from 46 @entity309 @entity1 were stained immunohistochemically for IgG4. Results. Forty-six percent of 136 @entity309 @entity1 had elevated sIgG4. @entity1 with elevated sIgG4 had higher sIgG4/sIgG ratio, @entity1851 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies than those with normal sIgG4 (all P < 0.05). Among 45 @entity1 who received @entity1499 and @entity6963 therapy, 50% (9/18) of @entity1 with elevated sIgG4 and 85% (23/27) of @entity1 with normal sIgG4 reached therapeutic target (disease activity score of 28 joints < 3.2) at 6-month visit (   (2) = 6.508, P = 0.011). IgG4-positive plasma cell count correlated positively with sIgG4, total @entity603 score, and CD3-, @entity2225 -, and @entity3053 -positive cell counts (all P < 0.05). Conclusions. Our results showed that elevated sIgG4 in @entity309 is common and disproportional to total IgG and @entity309 with elevated sIgG4 may be a specific clinical phenotype with higher disease activity, higher level of autoantibodies, and poor response to @entity1499 and @entity6963 therapy.

title: Elevated Serum IgG4 Defines Specific Clinical Phenotype of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is a relatively common @entity1503 manifested by low platelet count due to immune-mediated @entity1423 and/or suppression of platelet production. This study aim was to evaluate characteristics and clinical presentation of adult @entity1 with @entity3039 and exploring the clinical value of platelet antibodies assay in proposed cases in Iranian population. In this prospective case series 46 adult @entity1 with @entity3039 and platelet count of  <100  *  10(9)/L, referred to the Taleghani Medical Center, Tehran, Iran between 2007 and 2009 were evaluated. There were 26 females and 20 males (1.3:1) with mean age of 38.9      19.7  years. The platelet autoantibodies were measured by means of indirect platelet suspension immunofluorescence test. According to our results, 7 @entity1 (15.2  %) displayed a positive platelet antibody assay. There was a significant negative correlation between platelet count and antibody level (r  =  -0 0.59; p  <  0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation between platelet count and @entity1 ' age (r  =  0.302; p  =  0.042) was detected. 20 @entity1 (56.5  %) were symptomatic at presentation and the most common @entity548 signs were @entity4125 , @entity4125 and @entity1415 . Results indicated no significant correlation between increased platelet antibody level and @entity548 manifestations except for @entity811 (r  =  0.435; p  =  0.02) and @entity1415 (r  =  0.382; p  =  0.015). Disclosure of platelet autoantibodies and the consequential @entity882 associated to some extent but not completely with the propensity to bleed which necessitates more factors to be evaluated.

title: Clinical significance of positive platelet immunofluorescence assay in adult immune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpura', 'petechia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: The hormonal regulation of sex differences in electrocommunicatory behavior and brain substance P-like immunoreactivity ( @entity3507 -ir) were examined in the weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. This animal modulates its electric organ discharge (EOD) to produce discrete electric social signals (chirps), which function in @entity146 . Males readily chirp in response to electrosensory stimuli that mimic the presence of a conspecific; females also chirp in response to such stimuli, but do so at much lower rates than males. We have recently demonstrated that @entity342 treatment enhances chirping behavior in females and may also lead to a change in chirp quality or structure. In this study, we quantified @entity342 -induced changes in chirp structure and simultaneously examined whether @entity3800 alter the sexually dimorphic pattern of @entity3507 -ir in a brain region (prepacemaker nucleus, PPn) known to control chirping. Our results demonstrate that, in females, @entity3800 cause both the induction of chirping and an alteration of chirp structure; chirps recorded from @entity342 -implanted females had longer durations and more dramatic frequency and amplitude modulations compared to controls, and appear similar to those reported to be produced during spawning. Moreover, @entity342 -induced changes in chirping are correlated with increased expression of @entity3507 -ir within specific brain nuclei of females. These changes may underly behavioral changes in chirping, since treated females showed a male-like pattern of @entity3507 -ir in the PPn. However, alterations in @entity3507 -ir were not restricted to the PPn, but also occurred in diencephalic regions related to pituitary function and reproductive behavior. The results suggest that @entity3800 modulate chirping activity and cause both specific and wide-spread changes in @entity3507 -ir that may relate to a functional system that interrelates pituitary function, reproductive behavior, and chirping.

title: XXXX -induced changes in electrocommunicatory behavior are correlated with changes in substance P-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus.

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive and reproductive displays']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: The @entity1573 locus coeruleus contains a population of noradrenergic neurons which express the neurotrophin receptor p75 (von Bartheld and Bothwell, 1992). To determine which neurotrophin may regulate the development of noradrenergic neurons in the @entity1573 locus coeruleus, expression of trk receptors, retrograde transport of neurotrophins, and responses to NGF were examined. P75-expressing noradrenergic neurons were found to project to the basal forebrain. They transport radio-iodinated NGF after injections into this target. The retrograde transport of NGF is specific to the noradrenergic neuronal population as evidenced by double labeling with antibodies against @entity935 -beta-hydroxylase. The same neuronal population expresses @entity42079 receptor mRNA. The size of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus proper, but not in the nucleus subcoeruleus, is significantly increased after injections of NGF into the telencephalon, consistent with the hypothesis that target-derived NGF provides trophic support. Noradrenergic coeruleus neurons are rescued from toxic effects of @entity2955 injected into the telencephalon when NGF is injected into the midbrain. NGF has no rescue effect when it is coinjected with @entity2955 into the telencephalon. In explant or dissociated cultures, noradrenergic coeruleus neurons do not respond to elevated levels of NGF with increased neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these results suggest that NGF plays a role in the development and maintenance of noradrenergic coeruleus neurons in the @entity1573 brain. The data also support our previous conclusion that major species differences exist between birds ( @entity1573 ) and mammals with regard to trophic regulation of presumptive homologous neuronal populations.

title: Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of birds express XXXX , transport NGF, and respond to NGF.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-hydroxy-dopamine']

answer: @entity42079 :: (396337(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['TrkA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of @entity301 call for low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) reduction as the primary target of treatment and reduction of @entity1674 (TG) as an additional target. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of @entity2993 and @entity3413 to reduce @entity11429 and TG concentrations and to meet 3 target lipid levels: @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L; TG <or=1.5 mmol/L; and both @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L and TG <or=1.5 mmol/L. METHODS: The Treat-to-Target (3T) Study was a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study. Using the double-blind, double-dummy technique, adult @entity1 aged 35 to 75 years with @entity65 and @entity2299 , defined as @entity11429 concentration >or=4.0 mmol/L (>or=155 mg/dL), were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive once-daily oral treatment with 20 mg @entity2993 or 20 mg @entity3413 . Fasting (12-hour) blood samples for the estimation of lipid levels and clinical laboratory values were collected after 4, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The dose was doubled after 12 weeks if the target National @entity165 Education Program level of @entity11429 (<or=2.6 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]) was not reached at 8 weeks. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis included 552 @entity1 (418 @entity1 , 134 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity2993 and 535 (404 @entity1 , 131 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity3413 . The number of @entity1 enrolled in the study allowed the evaluation fo the drugs' effects on TG. @entity1 demogrpahic characteristics were similar for the 2 treatment groups, and there were no differences in baseline lipid values. Compared with @entity3413 , @entity2993 produced significantly greater reductions in @entity11429 (8 weeks: -46% vs -40%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -49% vs -44%, P < 0.001) and in TG (8 weeks: -23% vs -14%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -24% vs -16%, P < 0.001). Compared with @entity3413 -treated @entity1 , a significantly greater number of @entity2993 -treated @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 8 weeks (45% vs 24%; P < 0.001). Fewer @entity2993 @entity1 needed to have their dose doubled; nevertheless more @entity2993 @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 52 weeks (61% vs 41%; P < 0.001). Both statins were well tolerated. Muscular symptoms occurred in 12 @entity1 (2.2%) in the @entity2993 group and in 13 @entity1 (2.4%) in the @entity3413 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2993 20 or 40 mg/d for up to 1 year of treatment was significantly more effective than @entity3413 20 or 40 mg/d in reducing @entity11429 and TG levels and at achieving recommended lipid targets in this selected @entity1 population with @entity65 and @entity2299 . Both statis were well tolerated.

title: A 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to assess the efficacy of @entity2993 and @entity3413 in reaching low-density lipoprotein XXXX and triglyceride targets: the treat-to-target (3T) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of @entity301 call for low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) reduction as the primary target of treatment and reduction of @entity1674 (TG) as an additional target. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of @entity2993 and @entity3413 to reduce @entity11429 and TG concentrations and to meet 3 target lipid levels: @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L; TG <or=1.5 mmol/L; and both @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L and TG <or=1.5 mmol/L. METHODS: The Treat-to-Target (3T) Study was a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study. Using the double-blind, double-dummy technique, adult @entity1 aged 35 to 75 years with @entity65 and @entity2299 , defined as @entity11429 concentration >or=4.0 mmol/L (>or=155 mg/dL), were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive once-daily oral treatment with 20 mg @entity2993 or 20 mg @entity3413 . Fasting (12-hour) blood samples for the estimation of lipid levels and clinical laboratory values were collected after 4, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The dose was doubled after 12 weeks if the target National @entity165 Education Program level of @entity11429 (<or=2.6 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]) was not reached at 8 weeks. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis included 552 @entity1 (418 @entity1 , 134 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity2993 and 535 (404 @entity1 , 131 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity3413 . The number of @entity1 enrolled in the study allowed the evaluation fo the drugs' effects on TG. @entity1 demogrpahic characteristics were similar for the 2 treatment groups, and there were no differences in baseline lipid values. Compared with @entity3413 , @entity2993 produced significantly greater reductions in @entity11429 (8 weeks: -46% vs -40%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -49% vs -44%, P < 0.001) and in TG (8 weeks: -23% vs -14%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -24% vs -16%, P < 0.001). Compared with @entity3413 -treated @entity1 , a significantly greater number of @entity2993 -treated @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 8 weeks (45% vs 24%; P < 0.001). Fewer @entity2993 @entity1 needed to have their dose doubled; nevertheless more @entity2993 @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 52 weeks (61% vs 41%; P < 0.001). Both statins were well tolerated. Muscular symptoms occurred in 12 @entity1 (2.2%) in the @entity2993 group and in 13 @entity1 (2.4%) in the @entity3413 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2993 20 or 40 mg/d for up to 1 year of treatment was significantly more effective than @entity3413 20 or 40 mg/d in reducing @entity11429 and TG levels and at achieving recommended lipid targets in this selected @entity1 population with @entity65 and @entity2299 . Both statis were well tolerated.

title: A 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to assess the efficacy of @entity2993 and XXXX in reaching low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and triglyceride targets: the treat-to-target (3T) study.

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of @entity301 call for low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) reduction as the primary target of treatment and reduction of @entity1674 (TG) as an additional target. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of @entity2993 and @entity3413 to reduce @entity11429 and TG concentrations and to meet 3 target lipid levels: @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L; TG <or=1.5 mmol/L; and both @entity11429 <or=2.6 mmol/L and TG <or=1.5 mmol/L. METHODS: The Treat-to-Target (3T) Study was a 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group study. Using the double-blind, double-dummy technique, adult @entity1 aged 35 to 75 years with @entity65 and @entity2299 , defined as @entity11429 concentration >or=4.0 mmol/L (>or=155 mg/dL), were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive once-daily oral treatment with 20 mg @entity2993 or 20 mg @entity3413 . Fasting (12-hour) blood samples for the estimation of lipid levels and clinical laboratory values were collected after 4, 8, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. The dose was doubled after 12 weeks if the target National @entity165 Education Program level of @entity11429 (<or=2.6 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]) was not reached at 8 weeks. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis included 552 @entity1 (418 @entity1 , 134 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity2993 and 535 (404 @entity1 , 131 @entity1 ) randomized to receive @entity3413 . The number of @entity1 enrolled in the study allowed the evaluation fo the drugs' effects on TG. @entity1 demogrpahic characteristics were similar for the 2 treatment groups, and there were no differences in baseline lipid values. Compared with @entity3413 , @entity2993 produced significantly greater reductions in @entity11429 (8 weeks: -46% vs -40%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -49% vs -44%, P < 0.001) and in TG (8 weeks: -23% vs -14%, P < 0.001; 52 weeks: -24% vs -16%, P < 0.001). Compared with @entity3413 -treated @entity1 , a significantly greater number of @entity2993 -treated @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 8 weeks (45% vs 24%; P < 0.001). Fewer @entity2993 @entity1 needed to have their dose doubled; nevertheless more @entity2993 @entity1 reached the @entity11429 target after 52 weeks (61% vs 41%; P < 0.001). Both statins were well tolerated. Muscular symptoms occurred in 12 @entity1 (2.2%) in the @entity2993 group and in 13 @entity1 (2.4%) in the @entity3413 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2993 20 or 40 mg/d for up to 1 year of treatment was significantly more effective than @entity3413 20 or 40 mg/d in reducing @entity11429 and TG levels and at achieving recommended lipid targets in this selected @entity1 population with @entity65 and @entity2299 . Both statis were well tolerated.

title: A 52-week, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study to assess the efficacy of XXXX and @entity3413 in reaching low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and triglyceride targets: the treat-to-target (3T) study.

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: @entity23929 ( @entity23929 ) @entity9342 ( @entity1977 ) nick end labeling (TUNEL) is the method of using the @entity23929 enzyme to covalently attach a tagged form of @entity1977 to 3' ends of double- and single-stranded DNA breaks in cells. It is a reliable and useful method to detect DNA damage and cell death in situ. This video describes dissection, tissue processing, sectioning, and fluorescence-based TUNEL labeling of @entity19 skeletal muscle. It also describes a method of semi-automated TUNEL signal quantitation. Inherent normal tissue features and tissue processing conditions affect the ability of the @entity23929 enzyme to efficiently label DNA. Tissue processing may also add undesirable autofluorescence that will interfere with TUNEL signal detection. Therefore, it is important to empirically determine tissue processing and TUNEL labeling methods that will yield the optimal signal-to-noise ratio for subsequent quantitation. The fluorescence-based assay described here provides a way to exclude autofluorescent signal by digital channel subtraction. The TUNEL assay, used with appropriate tissue processing techniques and controls, is a relatively fast, reproducible, quantitative method for detecting apoptosis in tissue. It can be used to confirm DNA damage and apoptosis as pathological mechanisms, to identify affected cell types, and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in vivo.

title: Detection and Analysis of DNA Damage in XXXX Skeletal Muscle In Situ Using the TUNEL Method.

entities_list: @entity23929 :: ('21673(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TdT', 'Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: The pipeline @entity887 device (PED) has been used for treatment of @entity439 . Little is known about the use of the PED in @entity1756 . OBJECTIVE:: To assess the safety and efficacy of the PED in @entity1756 . METHODS:: This is a case series with prospective data collection on 20 @entity1 with freshly @entity1756 who were treated with PED (with or without adjunctive coiling) at 2 cerebrovascular centers. @entity1 were loaded with aspirin and clopidogrel or received an infusion of tirofiban intraoperatively. RESULTS:: Hunt and Hess grades were I in 7 @entity1 (35%), II in 9 (45%), and III in 4 (20%). The mean duration from @entity548 to PED placement was 7    7.0 days. A single device was used in all but 1 @entity1 (95%). The procedure was staged in 20%. There was only 1 complication (5%); this was a fatal intraoperative aneurysm dome @entity397 that occurred during adjunctive coil deployment. Adjunctive coiling was used in 30%. No @entity1 required an invasive procedure after PED placement. Follow-up angiography (mean, 5.3    4.2 months; range, 2-12 months) showed 100% occlusion in 12 (80%) and incomplete occlusion in 3 @entity1 (20%). At latest follow-up, 19 @entity1 achieved a favorable outcome (modified rankin scale 0-2). CONCLUSION:: In our preliminary experience, treatment of @entity1756 with the PED was associated with low complication rates, high occlusion rates, and favorable outcomes. These findings suggest that PED may be a safe and effective option for @entity1 with favorable Hunt and Hess grades and @entity439 to treat with conventional methods. ABBREVIATIONS:: FDA, Food and Drug AdministrationPED, pipeline @entity887 device.

title: Treatment of XXXX With the Pipeline Embolization Device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms difficult', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: The use of flow diverters such as the pipeline embolization device (PED) for treatment of @entity438 carries the risk of side @entity732 . OBJECTIVE:: To determine the incidence and clinical outcomes associated with supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity732 after deployment of PEDs for ICA @entity439 . METHODS:: We reviewed @entity1 who underwent endovascular treatment with PEDs for ICA @entity439 between June 2011 and March 2013. Forty-nine @entity1 (43 @entity1 , mean age 56.3    1.8 years, 68 @entity439 ) in whom PEDs traversed the origin of supraclinoid ICA branches (ophthalmic [OA], posterior communicating [PcommA], and anterior choroidal artery [AChA]) were selected for this study. Follow-up angiograms (mean follow-up, 12.8    0.8 months) were studied to determine the location of PEDs and the patency of ICA branches. RESULTS:: PEDs were placed across the ostia of 49 @entity29624 , 14 PcommAs, and 11 AChAs. Multiple PEDs were deployed in 16 @entity1 . Rate of @entity732 was 4% (2/49) for the OA, 7.1% (1/14) for the PcommA, and 0% for the AChA. @entity1 with @entity732 did not endure new @entity51 . ICA @entity732 was not associated with the number of PEDs covering the ostia (P = .76) or the origin of ICA branches from the @entity439 (P = .24). CONCLUSION:: The incidence of major @entity432 after treatment with PEDs was low. These events were not associated with new @entity51 nor were they related to the number of PEDs deployed or the origin of ICA branches from the @entity439 . ABBREVIATIONS:: AChA, anterior choroidal arteryICA, internal carotid arteryOA, ophthalmic arteryPED, pipeline embolization devicePcommA, posterior communicating artery.

title: Incidence and Clinical Implications of Carotid Branch Occlusion Following Treatment of Internal Carotid XXXX With the Pipeline Embolization Device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['supraclinoid ICA branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: There is an expanding role for interleukin (IL)-1 in diseases from @entity5 . More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is closely linked to innate inflammatory and immune responses. This linkage is because the cytoplasmic segment of all members of the IL-1 family of receptors contains a domain, which is highly homologous to the cytoplasmic domains of all toll-like receptors (TLRs). This domain, termed "toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain," signals as does the IL-1 receptors; therefore, inflammation due to the TLR and the IL-1 families is nearly the same. Fundamental responses such as the induction of cyclo-oxygenase type 2, increased surface expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased gene expression of a broad number of inflammatory molecules characterizes IL-1 signal transduction as it does for TLR agonists. @entity1356 is the most studied member of the IL-1 family because of its role in mediating @entity8649 . However, a role for @entity1192 in disease is being validated because of the availability of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity1192 . There are presently three approved therapies for blocking IL-1 activity. Anakinra is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring @entity1193 , which binds to the IL-1 receptor and prevents the binding of @entity1356 as well as @entity1192 . Rilonacept is a soluble decoy receptor that neutralizes primarily @entity1356 but also @entity1192 . Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes only @entity1356 . Thus, a causal or significant contributing role can be established for @entity1356 and @entity1192 in @entity1 disease.

title: An expanding role for @entity1192 blockade from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gout to cancer']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gout to cancer']


abstract: There is an expanding role for interleukin (IL)-1 in diseases from @entity5 . More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is closely linked to innate inflammatory and immune responses. This linkage is because the cytoplasmic segment of all members of the IL-1 family of receptors contains a domain, which is highly homologous to the cytoplasmic domains of all toll-like receptors (TLRs). This domain, termed "toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain," signals as does the IL-1 receptors; therefore, inflammation due to the TLR and the IL-1 families is nearly the same. Fundamental responses such as the induction of cyclo-oxygenase type 2, increased surface expression of cellular adhesion molecules and increased gene expression of a broad number of inflammatory molecules characterizes IL-1 signal transduction as it does for TLR agonists. @entity1356 is the most studied member of the IL-1 family because of its role in mediating @entity8649 . However, a role for @entity1192 in disease is being validated because of the availability of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity1192 . There are presently three approved therapies for blocking IL-1 activity. Anakinra is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring @entity1193 , which binds to the IL-1 receptor and prevents the binding of @entity1356 as well as @entity1192 . Rilonacept is a soluble decoy receptor that neutralizes primarily @entity1356 but also @entity1192 . Canakinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes only @entity1356 . Thus, a causal or significant contributing role can be established for @entity1356 and @entity1192 in @entity1 disease.

title: An expanding role for XXXX blockade from @entity5 .

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1']


abstract: Wound healing is typically divided into 4 stages; disruption of any one of these stages can impair this process. This integrative review summarizes findings from key studies suggesting that @entity458 may exert a clinically relevant impact on wound healing. For example, stress has been shown to decrease levels of inflammatory mediators, prolonging the inflammatory stage of healing, and increasing overall healing time. @entity308 has also been linked with impeding wound healing. Hostility has also been correlated with decreased inflammatory mediators, conversely, effective communication has shown faster healing time. Compounding factors such as unhealthy behaviors are also linked to poor wound healing, such as decreased sleep, poor nutrition, reduced exercise, and increased @entity167 use. Clinical evidence suggests that @entity167 exposure can reduce angiogenesis. Limited sleep decreases @entity2124 secretion, resulting in decreased monocyte migration and activation of macrophages. @entity1131 can decrease capillary formation, collagen synthesis, and wound remodeling. Such evidence challenges clinicians to consider psychological factors when treating wound care @entity1 .

title: XXXX and its impact on wound healing: an integrative review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological distress']


abstract: The most common adult primary @entity1313 , @entity463 ( @entity463 ), is characterized by fifteen months median @entity1 survival and has no clear etiology. We and others have identified the presence of @entity4538 ) gene products endogenously expressed in @entity463 tissue and primary cells, with a subset of viral genes being consistently expressed in most samples. Among these viral genes, several have important oncomodulatory properties, regulating @entity5 stemness, proliferation, immune evasion, invasion and angiogenesis. These findings lead us to hypothesize that a specific HCMV gene signature may be associated with @entity463 pathogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we used @entity11 cell lines and @entity11 stem-like cells (GSC) infected with clinical and laboratory HCMV strains and measured relative viral gene expression levels along several time points up to 15 weeks post-infection. While HCMV gene expression was detected in several infected @entity11 lines through week 5 post-infection, only HCMV-infected GSC expressed viral gene products 15 weeks post-infection. Efficiency of infection across time was higher in GSC compared to cell lines. Importantly, HCMV-infected GSC outlived their uninfected counterparts, and this extended survival was paralleled by increased tumorsphere frequency and upregulation of stemness regulators, such as @entity4731 , p- @entity4104 , and @entity38054 (a novel HCMV target identified in this study). @entity650 ( @entity650 ) treatment significantly upregulated HCMV gene expression in long-term infected @entity11 , suggesting that pro-inflammatory signaling in the @entity5 milieu may further augment HCMV gene expression and subsequent @entity5 progression driven by viral-induced cellular signaling. Together, our data support a critical role for long-term, low-level HCMV infection in promoting survival, stemness, and proliferation of GSC that could significantly contribute to @entity463 pathogenesis.

title: @entity4538 gene expression in long-term infected XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma cultures', 'primary glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: The most common adult primary @entity1313 , @entity463 ( @entity463 ), is characterized by fifteen months median @entity1 survival and has no clear etiology. We and others have identified the presence of @entity4538 ) gene products endogenously expressed in @entity463 tissue and primary cells, with a subset of viral genes being consistently expressed in most samples. Among these viral genes, several have important oncomodulatory properties, regulating @entity5 stemness, proliferation, immune evasion, invasion and angiogenesis. These findings lead us to hypothesize that a specific HCMV gene signature may be associated with @entity463 pathogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we used @entity11 cell lines and @entity11 stem-like cells (GSC) infected with clinical and laboratory HCMV strains and measured relative viral gene expression levels along several time points up to 15 weeks post-infection. While HCMV gene expression was detected in several infected @entity11 lines through week 5 post-infection, only HCMV-infected GSC expressed viral gene products 15 weeks post-infection. Efficiency of infection across time was higher in GSC compared to cell lines. Importantly, HCMV-infected GSC outlived their uninfected counterparts, and this extended survival was paralleled by increased tumorsphere frequency and upregulation of stemness regulators, such as @entity4731 , p- @entity4104 , and @entity38054 (a novel HCMV target identified in this study). @entity650 ( @entity650 ) treatment significantly upregulated HCMV gene expression in long-term infected @entity11 , suggesting that pro-inflammatory signaling in the @entity5 milieu may further augment HCMV gene expression and subsequent @entity5 progression driven by viral-induced cellular signaling. Together, our data support a critical role for long-term, low-level HCMV infection in promoting survival, stemness, and proliferation of GSC that could significantly contribute to @entity463 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX gene expression in long-term infected @entity11 stem cells.

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['Human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), widely used as an organic solvent in the industry, is a common contaminant in air, soil, and water. Chronic @entity4966 exposure induced @entity157 in @entity19 , and occupational exposure in @entity1 was suggested to be associated with @entity96 . To understand the role of non-genotoxic mechanism(s) for @entity4966 action, we examined the gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the liver of B6C3F1 @entity19 orally administered with @entity4966 (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 5 days. After 5 days @entity4966 treatment at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg b.w., a total of 431 differentially expressed genes were identified in @entity19 liver by microarray, of which 291 were up-regulated and 140 down-regulated. The expression changed genes were involved in key signal pathways including @entity3229 , proliferation, apoptosis and homologous recombination. Notably, the expression level of a number of vital genes involved in the regulation of DNA methylation, such as Utrf1, @entity59922 , @entity15699 , @entity15700 and @entity15701 , were dysregulated. Although global DNA methylation change was not detected in the liver of @entity19 exposed to @entity4966 , the promoter regions of @entity5207 and Ihh were found to be hypo- and hypermethylated respectively, which correlated negatively with their mRNA expression changes. Furthermore, the gene expression and DNA methylation changes induced by @entity4966 were dose dependent. The overall data indicate that @entity4966 exposure leads to aberrant DNA methylation changes, which might alter the expression of genes involved in the @entity4966 -induced @entity409 .

title: XXXX -Induced Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Changes in B6C3F1 @entity19 Liver.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumorgenesis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['Trichloroethylene']


abstract: @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ), widely used as an organic solvent in the industry, is a common contaminant in air, soil, and water. Chronic @entity4966 exposure induced @entity157 in @entity19 , and occupational exposure in @entity1 was suggested to be associated with @entity96 . To understand the role of non-genotoxic mechanism(s) for @entity4966 action, we examined the gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the liver of B6C3F1 @entity19 orally administered with @entity4966 (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 5 days. After 5 days @entity4966 treatment at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg b.w., a total of 431 differentially expressed genes were identified in @entity19 liver by microarray, of which 291 were up-regulated and 140 down-regulated. The expression changed genes were involved in key signal pathways including @entity3229 , proliferation, apoptosis and homologous recombination. Notably, the expression level of a number of vital genes involved in the regulation of DNA methylation, such as Utrf1, @entity59922 , @entity15699 , @entity15700 and @entity15701 , were dysregulated. Although global DNA methylation change was not detected in the liver of @entity19 exposed to @entity4966 , the promoter regions of @entity5207 and Ihh were found to be hypo- and hypermethylated respectively, which correlated negatively with their mRNA expression changes. Furthermore, the gene expression and DNA methylation changes induced by @entity4966 were dose dependent. The overall data indicate that @entity4966 exposure leads to aberrant DNA methylation changes, which might alter the expression of genes involved in the @entity4966 -induced @entity409 .

title: @entity4965 -Induced Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Changes in B6C3F1 XXXX Liver.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: @entity10631 has been reported with lesions of the anterior and non-specific thalamic nuclei and mammilothalamic tract ( @entity569 ). These have been reported in the setting of arterial @entity1188 and/or @entity548 . @entity50 ( @entity50 ) is a rare cause of @entity4798 . It occurs in the setting of oral contraceptive administration or pregnancy. Inherited @entity49 are documented risk factors. The most frequent being heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. We report a single case of bilateral @entity1188 due to cerebral vein and sinus @entity715 . Clinically the case manifested with @entity2414 and @entity1109 . Predisposing factor for @entity49 was a homozygous factor V Leiden mutation. The @entity1 was treated with anticoagulation and made a good recovery.

title: Neuropsychological manifestations in a case of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological manifestation']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dysexecutive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'thrombophilias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'CVT']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['thalamic infarction']


abstract: Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of @entity3965 Grassi et Feletti, 1890 is a promising @entity311 vaccine candidate. However, antigenic variation is a major problem to design a universal @entity311 vaccine. Hence, detailed understanding of the pvama-1 gene polymorphism can provide conductive information on this potential vaccine component. Therefore, this study investigated the extent of genetic polymorphisms at domain I (DI), DII and partial DIII of AMA-1 among Iranian @entity3965 isolates. Out of 107 blood samples, 92 were analysed based on the quality of the sequencing data. The sequences were classified into 53 haplotypes. @entity535 changes were observed at 31 positions that 17 were located at DI, 11 were at DII and the rest of them (3 positions) were at DIII. Thus, codon polymorphisms at DI were found to be higher than DII. Also, five of these polymorphic codons ( @entity71388 , @entity71389 , @entity71390 , @entity71391 , @entity71392 ) were novel and have not been reported yet. Neutrality analysis by using the dN-dS difference (the difference between the rate of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations) showed a negative diversifying selection at DI, DII and across the length of both domains. The potential B-cell epitopes were found in 5 regions of the PvAMA-1 with 10 mutation sites ( @entity71393 , @entity71394 , @entity71395 /K/D, @entity71396 /E, @entity71397 , @entity71398 , @entity71388 , @entity71399 , @entity71400 , @entity70985 ), whereas only one mutation ( @entity71401 ) has been detected in intrinsically unstructured/disordered regions. Fixation index (Fst) estimation between Iranian and Indian isolates (0.0131) indicated a significant low genetic differentiation. Distribution of the polymorphic sites and IURs mapped on a three dimensional structure of PvAMA-1 showed that these regions were located at two opposite faces of the molecule. In conclusion, the results have significant value in the design and development of a @entity311 vaccine based on this antigen.

title: Genetic diversity and effect of natural selection at apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) among Iranian XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity54790 is a rare @entity74 that frequently manifests as a @entity71402 . The disease usually progresses rapidly during the first and second decades of life but it is self-limiting and often regresses. Although few orthodontic case reports describing cherubic @entity1 exist, the timing and extent of surgical intervention is controversial. AIM: This present paper aims to review the treatment literature and provide a case report of a @entity1 who underwent orthodontic/surgical management. METHODS: The @entity1 presented with severe @entity54790 in her late teenage years; her main complaint was poor facial and dental appearance. Multiple teeth were missing and those present demonstrated significant preoperative root resorption. Treatment consisted of orthodontic alignment of the @entity1347 and a recontouring osteotomy. RESULTS: Confirmed by the @entity1 , the combination approach led to a significant improvement in facial aesthetics and better self-esteem. Tooth movement through the osseous lesions was uneventful and no further root resoption was observed. CONCLUSION: Orthodontic treatment may be undertaken in those affected by @entity54790 even with pre-existing @entity11229 , but @entity1 need to be appropriately informed and consented.

title: Orthodontic treatment in XXXX : an overview and a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity54790 :: ('MESH:D002636', 'Disease') :: ['cherubism', 'Cherubism']

entities_list: @entity11229 :: ('MESH:D012391', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic root resorption']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['upper anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity71402 :: ('MESH:C536527', 'Disease') :: ['painless enlargement of the mandible and/or maxilla']

answer: @entity54790 :: (MESH:D002636,Disease) :: ['cherubism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in @entity286 product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; @entity20770 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and @entity20770 Snus, or @entity286 abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored @entity1239 dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including @entity1239 , were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being @entity286 abstinent after switching exclusively to @entity20770 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.

title: Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable XXXX products, Dual use, or @entity286 abstinence.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in @entity286 product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; @entity20770 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and @entity20770 Snus, or @entity286 abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored @entity1239 dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including @entity1239 , were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being @entity286 abstinent after switching exclusively to @entity20770 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.

title: Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable @entity286 products, Dual use, or XXXX abstinence.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']