abstract: 1. Strips of @entity95 anococcygeus muscle were submaximally contracted by the addition of @entity2647 to the bath fluid. 2. @entity934 , @entity6958 and electrical field stimulation caused relaxation. Relaxation induced by @entity934 and field stimulation was blocked by @entity1022 but only the @entity934 -induced response was inhibited by @entity3303 , @entity5128 and @entity4033 . The responses to both @entity934 and field stimulation were resistant to @entity3897 , @entity6310 , and @entity2778 . 3. Relatively high concentrations of @entity855 caused relaxation. 4. Histological investigation did not show any cells resembling autonomic ganglion cells. 5. It is suggested that both @entity934 and field stimulation release an inhibitory transmitter from nerve endings and that the release by @entity934 is mediated through nicotinic receptor stimulation.

title: The inhibitory response of the XXXX anococcygeus muscle.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity6958 :: ('MESH:D004246', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylphenylpiperazinium']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity6310 :: ('MESH:D011217', 'Chemical') :: ['practolol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A 12-step scheme representing initiation and development of @entity32 in the @entity35 has been devised. Simultaneous quantitative temporal measurement of the number of inflammatory cells mobilized and @entity4 volume produced as carrageenan pleurisy developed helped elucidate several of the early steps, In the pleurisy a 20-min lag phase preceded both the mobilization of neutrophils and @entity4 formation. Temporal histological studies suggested that the lag phase represents the time needed for the neutrophil chemotactic factor to be generated and/or released (steps 2 and 3) in addition to the time required for these cells to move through the walls of the capillaries into the pleural space (steps 4 and 5). The neutrophil chemotactic factor is unknown. The complement system is not involved since cobra venom factor-treated animals produced a normal @entity4 and cellular response to carrageenan in spite of severely @entity308 complement levels. The mobilized neutrophils are believed to phagocytize the carrageenan(step6). In this process lysosomal enzymes are released (step 7). Drug inhibition studies suggest that lysosomal enzymes are not the edemagenic agents in carrageenan @entity32 . In the scheme these enzymes are responsible for activation of the prostaglandin biosynthetic chain (step 8). Prostaglandin biosynthesis (step 9) leads to the release of an intermediate (step 10), as yet unidentified, which is responsible for increased tissue permeability (step 11) and @entity4 formation (step 12). @entity112 , @entity750 , @entity1812 , @entity1426 , and @entity3009 's E1 and E2 are not deemagenic in the @entity35 pleural cavity and therefore cannot be responsible for @entity4 formation. @entity117 and @entity3352 reduce the @entity4 produced by carrageenan in a dose-related manner without affecting the magnitude or the time course of neutrophil mobilization. These findings led to the concept that @entity4 formation is not the result of inflammatory cell mobilization but is rather a consequence of cellular activity, presumably phagocytosis, after mobilization.

title: Quantitative studies of the pathway to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'acute carrageenan inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['acute carrageenan inflammation']


abstract: The usage of vertical transarticular pin fixation combined with plaster immobilization for severe @entity3681 has been reviewed in 92 consecutive cases over a period of 16 years. Moderately simple in application and without a skin incision, the procedure has been found to provide efficient and reliable short-term stabilization of the ankle and @entity2720 with minimal complications. A new technique is described for accurate placement of the pin and the prevention of its migration. It is a reasonable alternative treatment for certain unstable distal tibial and @entity1171 when open reduction with conventional internal fixation cannot be done. In particular, the method is recommended in treating displaced @entity174 at the ankle and deltoid ligament ruptures in geriatric @entity1 . It is often useful as a salvage or last-resort procedure in unusually severe @entity3681 with @entity51 . In many instances additional @entity130 to the head, thorax or abdomen may have been sustained. Thus total @entity1 care is essential and priorities must be recognized. The treatment of ankle @entity130 , furthermore, in a physiologically-aged @entity6 @entity1 is often not the same as that for similar injuries in a young healthy adult. The clinical judgement and experience of the operator is the basis for selection of the procedure. The simplest method is often the best. Pin fixation, however, is not for everyone. It should be done only by surgeons qualified to treat @entity79 and even then only for those situations in which its usage is specifically indicated.

title: Vertical transarticular pin fixation for unstable XXXX : impressions after 16 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injuries']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory or neural deficits']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint trauma']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar joints']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: 1. The light chains of @entity1 immunoglobulin were allowed to dimerize in vitro on removal of the dispersing agents @entity1543 or @entity1133 . 2. On electrophoresis in @entity2975 gel at pH8.8 the dimers yielded up to nine regularly spaced bands. This approximates to the number of electrophoretic components known to occur among the monomers. 3. Single electrophoretic components of the dimers were isolated from the gel, dissociated into monomers, and subjected as such to electrophoresis in @entity1133 -containing gels. Each gave two adjacent bands. 4. Similarly, after all the light chains as monomers had been subjected to electrophoresis in @entity1133 -containing gels, single electrophoretic components were isolated and allowed to dimerize. When examined now as dimers in the absence of @entity1133 , each component gave two adjacent bands. 5. These findings are explicable on the following basis. (a) The dimerization of the light chains is specific, at least inasmuch as it occurs between monomers of the same electrophoretic mobilities. (b) With the buffer constant, different light chains undergo different changes in net charge on being transferred from @entity1133 -containing to @entity1133 -free solution; in this way two different chains of the same initial charge can acquire a charge difference of 1. 6. Experiments with Bence-Jones proteins and other homogeneous light chains gave results substantiating the conclusions (a) and (b).

title: Specific dimerization of the light chains of XXXX immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring @entity4821 ( @entity37820 ) against @entity4944 (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to @entity235 . @entity146 reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

title: @entity146 and hyperthermia in @entity235 : correlation with the levels of @entity4944 and XXXX in plasma and CSF.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Stereotyped behavior']

entities_list: @entity4821 :: ('MESH:D010136', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxyamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity4821 :: (MESH:D010136,Chemical) :: ['p-hydroxyamphetamine']


abstract: A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring @entity4821 ( @entity37820 ) against @entity4944 (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to @entity235 . @entity146 reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

title: @entity146 and hyperthermia in @entity235 : correlation with the levels of XXXX and @entity4821 in plasma and CSF.

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring @entity4821 ( @entity37820 ) against @entity4944 (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to @entity235 . @entity146 reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

title: XXXX and hyperthermia in @entity235 : correlation with the levels of @entity4944 and @entity4821 in plasma and CSF.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Stereotyped behavior']


abstract: A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring @entity4821 ( @entity37820 ) against @entity4944 (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to @entity235 . @entity146 reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

title: @entity146 and hyperthermia in XXXX : correlation with the levels of @entity4944 and @entity4821 in plasma and CSF.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare operative strategies and @entity1 outcomes in @entity697 ( @entity697 ) repairs before and after the implementation of a multidisciplinary aortic surgery team. METHODS: Between May 2005 and July 2014, 101 @entity1 underwent @entity697 repair at our institution. A dedicated multidisciplinary aortic surgery team (experienced aortic surgeon, perfusionists, cardiac anesthesiologists, nurses, and radiologists) was formed in 2010. We retrospectively compared @entity697 repair outcomes in @entity1 before (2005-2009, N = 39) and after (2010-2014, N = 62) implementation of our program. Expected operative mortality was calculated using the International Registry of Acute @entity1580 preoperative predictive model. RESULTS: This study demonstrated a significant reduction in operative mortality after implementation of the aortic surgery program (30.8% vs. 9.7%; P = 0.014). There was also an increase in the complexity of surgical technique and perfusion strategies with fewer @entity260 related to respiratory (P < 0.0001) and @entity177 (P = 0.034). Baseline demographics were similar, and there was no statistically significant difference in International Registry of Acute @entity1580 predictive variables between the 2 groups. However, there was a 3.5-fold reduction in the observed-to-expected (O/E) operative mortality ratio. There was a 50% increase in volume with a significant number of @entity1 being admitted directly to our aortic center for @entity697 repair, thus avoiding delay in operation related to transfers from a secondary hospital. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 outcomes are improved when the surgical treatment of @entity697 is managed by a high-volume multidisciplinary aortic surgery team.

title: Operative Strategies and Outcomes in Type A XXXX After the Enactment of a Multidisciplinary Aortic Surgery Team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['ATAAD', 'acute type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic Dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Aortic Dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity902 -based chemotherapy has conferred a modest but significant survival benefit and the introduction of newer drugs has led to achieve higher response rate in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We performed a phase II trial in order to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy with @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ) and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 with measurable lesion (s) were eligible for entry into the study. NP chemotherapy consisted of intravenous @entity1206 25 mg/m2, on day 1 and 8, and intravenous @entity900 80 mg/m2 on day 1; this cycle was repeated every three weeks. RESULTS: A total of 33 @entity1 were enrolled in the study between July 1999 and Feb 2000. Of the 30 @entity1 deemed eligible for analysis, thirteen @entity1 achieved a partial response and thirteen showed a stable disease. The overall response rate was 43.3%. The median duration of response was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.8~8.5 months). The median time to progression was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.7 months) and the overall median survival time was 15.1 months (95% CI: 9.8~20.4 months) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Chemotherapy-related grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were @entity417 in 1.5%, @entity1431 in 4.5%, @entity390 / @entity391 in 2.3%, @entity1665 in 13.3%, and @entity2359 in 3.3%. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 chemotherapy seems to be active and fairly tolerable in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II Trial of @entity1206 and XXXX Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity902 -based chemotherapy has conferred a modest but significant survival benefit and the introduction of newer drugs has led to achieve higher response rate in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We performed a phase II trial in order to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy with @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ) and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 with measurable lesion (s) were eligible for entry into the study. NP chemotherapy consisted of intravenous @entity1206 25 mg/m2, on day 1 and 8, and intravenous @entity900 80 mg/m2 on day 1; this cycle was repeated every three weeks. RESULTS: A total of 33 @entity1 were enrolled in the study between July 1999 and Feb 2000. Of the 30 @entity1 deemed eligible for analysis, thirteen @entity1 achieved a partial response and thirteen showed a stable disease. The overall response rate was 43.3%. The median duration of response was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.8~8.5 months). The median time to progression was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.7 months) and the overall median survival time was 15.1 months (95% CI: 9.8~20.4 months) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Chemotherapy-related grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were @entity417 in 1.5%, @entity1431 in 4.5%, @entity390 / @entity391 in 2.3%, @entity1665 in 13.3%, and @entity2359 in 3.3%. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 chemotherapy seems to be active and fairly tolerable in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II Trial of @entity1206 and @entity900 Chemotherapy in Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity902 -based chemotherapy has conferred a modest but significant survival benefit and the introduction of newer drugs has led to achieve higher response rate in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We performed a phase II trial in order to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy with @entity1206 ( @entity1206 ) and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated, unresectable stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 with measurable lesion (s) were eligible for entry into the study. NP chemotherapy consisted of intravenous @entity1206 25 mg/m2, on day 1 and 8, and intravenous @entity900 80 mg/m2 on day 1; this cycle was repeated every three weeks. RESULTS: A total of 33 @entity1 were enrolled in the study between July 1999 and Feb 2000. Of the 30 @entity1 deemed eligible for analysis, thirteen @entity1 achieved a partial response and thirteen showed a stable disease. The overall response rate was 43.3%. The median duration of response was 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.8~8.5 months). The median time to progression was 7.6 months (95% CI: 5.5~9.7 months) and the overall median survival time was 15.1 months (95% CI: 9.8~20.4 months) in the intent-to-treat analysis. Chemotherapy-related grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were @entity417 in 1.5%, @entity1431 in 4.5%, @entity390 / @entity391 in 2.3%, @entity1665 in 13.3%, and @entity2359 in 3.3%. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1206 and @entity900 chemotherapy seems to be active and fairly tolerable in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: Phase II Trial of XXXX and @entity900 Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: Skeletal muscle growth in two genetic lines of @entity1707 that differed in total muscle content was studied at live weights of 23, 45, 68, 91, 104, 118 kg. Total physically separable muscle and cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi muscle were greater in the muscular than in the @entity2057 genetic lines. Above 45 kg, animals in the muscular genetic line had less total separable fat than animals in the @entity2057 line, but the two lines did not differ in total physically separable fat at 23 and 45 kg live weight. Hence, these two genetic lines may differ in weight at which maturity is reached as much as in inherent propensity for @entity28 . Longissimus muscle form the muscular line had more water, less protein, and less lipid than longissimus from the @entity2057 line. DNA and RNA concentration, total DNA and RNA content, and RNA/DNA ratio of the pituitary and liver did not differ between the two genetic lines. Above 68 kg, longissimus from the muscular line had higher DNA and RNA concentrations than longissimus from the @entity2057 line; this difference did not exist between 23 and 68 kg. RNA/DNA ratio of the longissimus muscle was greater and protein-to-DNA and protein-to-RNA ratios in longissimus were lower in the muscular than in the @entity2057 line. Total DNA content @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) to 2.7 (muscular)-fold between 23 and 118 kg; hence, number of muscle nuclei increases during growth. Total DNA content of physically separable muscle was greater in the muscular than in the @entity2057 line and was the measurement most highly related to total muscle content.

title: Muscle growth in two genetically different lines of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'of physically separable muscle increased 2.0']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of @entity4562 (Iressa(R)) as a 3rd or 4th line chemotherapy regimen in NSCLC @entity1 who are refractory to a previous chemotherapy regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who were refractory to previous chemotherapy were selected for this study. The eligible @entity1 had an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2, and an appropriate end organ function. @entity4562 (Iressa(R))250 mg/d was orally administered until the @entity1 experienced disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were analyzed. The median age of the @entity1 was 57 years. The response rate was 12.0% with partial responses in 3 @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 (56%) remained in the stable disease state and 8 @entity1 progressed. The median overall survival was 9.0 months (95% CI 6.7~11.2). The median progression free survival was 3 months (95% CI 2.2~3.8). Hematological @entity137 of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 , @entity417 and @entity882 were absent. Non-hematological @entity137 were grade 2 or 3 skin rashes in 10 (40.0%) @entity1 and 1 (4.0%) @entity1 and grade 3 @entity390 in 3 (12.0%) @entity1 . No @entity1 failed to continue chemotherapy due to any drug-related adverse events. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity4562 (Iressa(R)) monotherapy is effective and tolerable as a 3rd or 4th line salvage treatment for NSCLC @entity1 refractory to previous chemotherapy regimens.

title: The Effect of XXXX (Iressa(R)) in the Treatment of Refractory Non Small Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['ZD 1839']


abstract: PURPOSE: Best clinical management of severe @entity130 is still a subject of debate. Most surgical teams consider severe @entity130 as an indication for emergency surgery. But, under certain circumstances, conservative management is feasible, avoids the need for gastrectomy, and has a low mortality rate. Postponed reconstructive surgery is usually performed several months after caustic ingestion to restore intestinal continuity or to treat stricture sequelae. This study aimed to investigate long-term nutritional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes after reconstructive surgery for high-grade esophageal and gastric @entity130 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 were assessed for biological and nutritional parameters, physical findings, and quality of life surveys at least 25  months after reconstructive surgery among @entity1 who have required emergency surgery (n   =   10) and @entity1 who did not undergo emergency surgery (n   =   11). RESULTS: After median follow-up of 74  months (after caustic ingestion) and 67  months (after reconstructive surgery), @entity1 who avoided emergency surgery experienced faster oral diet resumption (49 vs. 157  days, p   =   0.004), less @entity353 (0.3 vs. 20  kg, p   =   0.002), greater body fat percentage (22 vs. 18  %, p   =   0.046), better nutritional and physical status (SF12 PCS 51 vs. 43, p   =   0.036), and less trouble eating (EORTC QLQ-OG 25 31 vs. 56, p   =   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to evaluate long-term nutritional and QoL outcomes, following severe @entity130 . It demonstrates better long-term nutritional outcomes and QoL in @entity1 suitable for initial conservative management. These results support full functional recuperation of spared organs, even severely burned. In the absence of clinical or biological signs necessitating immediate surgery, conservative management should be advocated.

title: Conservative management of severe XXXX during acute phase leads to superior long-term nutritional and quality of life (QoL) outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['caustic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['caustic injuries']


abstract: Cumulated evidence indicates that @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ) is significantly involved in @entity5 progression. Recent studies yielded conflicting results regarding the association between serum @entity1549 and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). To clarify this correlation, we performed a meta-analysis. Potential relevant studies were identified by searching the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Science Citation Index database, the Cochrane Library, Current Contents Index, Chinese Biomedical, the Chinese Journal Full-Text, and the Weipu Journal. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between serum @entity1549 levels and @entity1691 . Thirteen case-control studies, including 707 @entity1691 cases and 442 healthy controls, were selected for the meta-analysis. The results indicate a significantly higher serum @entity1549 level in @entity1 with @entity1691 than that in the controls (cases vs controls: @entity7126 = 1.31, 95%CI = 0.84-1.78, P < 0.001). Ethnicity-subgroup analysis indicated a higher @entity1549 level in Asian and Caucasian @entity1 with @entity1691 (all P < 0.05). This meta-analysis indicates that increased serum @entity1549 level correlates with the development of @entity1691 , suggesting that @entity1549 may present a clinical value in reflecting the progression of @entity1691 . Further larger sample size studies are warranted.

title: Serum matrix metalloproteinases-3 levels in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1549 :: ('4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-3', 'MMP-3']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Cumulated evidence indicates that @entity1549 ( @entity1549 ) is significantly involved in @entity5 progression. Recent studies yielded conflicting results regarding the association between serum @entity1549 and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). To clarify this correlation, we performed a meta-analysis. Potential relevant studies were identified by searching the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Science Citation Index database, the Cochrane Library, Current Contents Index, Chinese Biomedical, the Chinese Journal Full-Text, and the Weipu Journal. Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between serum @entity1549 levels and @entity1691 . Thirteen case-control studies, including 707 @entity1691 cases and 442 healthy controls, were selected for the meta-analysis. The results indicate a significantly higher serum @entity1549 level in @entity1 with @entity1691 than that in the controls (cases vs controls: @entity7126 = 1.31, 95%CI = 0.84-1.78, P < 0.001). Ethnicity-subgroup analysis indicated a higher @entity1549 level in Asian and Caucasian @entity1 with @entity1691 (all P < 0.05). This meta-analysis indicates that increased serum @entity1549 level correlates with the development of @entity1691 , suggesting that @entity1549 may present a clinical value in reflecting the progression of @entity1691 . Further larger sample size studies are warranted.

title: Serum matrix metalloproteinases-3 levels in XXXX with @entity1691 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A series of 100 therapeutic abortions by @entity365 is reported. This method of @entity365 with a transverse low segment incision just above the internal os of the cervix was first described by Fuchs in 1939. The important advantage of this method is complete avoidance of the uterine cervix. With this method a therapeutic @entity5852 after the tenth week of gestation and in a few cases, up to the 20th week of gestation can be accomplished by a fast one stage technique with few side effects. The method is considered to be superior to the injection methods and the two stage procedures. With skill in vaginal operative techniques, this method can be used in any gynaecological department as a routine method. In this series, 28 cases had concomitant tubal ligations. There were two subsequent pregnancies. Complications were one uterine perforation during the curettage requiring laparotomy and suture. There was one laceration of the trigon of the bladder requiring suture. There were 2 cases of @entity548 . There were 6 inflammatory reactions in the perimetria of which two required administration of antibiotics. There was superficial @entity2268 in one case. And there was a severe @entity3459 in one case of a missed @entity5852 at 5 months gestation.

title: [The vaginal transverse low segment hysterotomy for second trimester therapeutic XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defect']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hysterotomy']

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['abortion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pump @entity715 is a major adverse event in @entity1 supported with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Treatment approaches include device exchange, lytic therapy, or augmentation of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. The optimal strategy in the HeartWare HVAD Ventricular Assist System (HeartWare, Framingham, MA) is uncertain, and because few large studies have examined differing treatment outcomes, we have reviewed findings from the Mechanical Circulatory Support Research Network registry. METHODS: Between March 2009 and August 2014, 175 @entity1 (133 male) underwent implantation of the HeartWare HVAD at institutions that comprise the Mechanical Circulatory Support Research Network. Median age at implant was 59 years (range, 18-76 years). Follow-up was available in all @entity1 for a median of 6 months (maximum, 61 months) and for a total of 163 @entity1 -years of support. There were 36 pump @entity715 (using Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support criteria) in 21 @entity1 for a total event rate of 0.22 events/ @entity1 -year of support; 13 @entity1 had 1 event, 4 had 2, 2 had 3, 1 had 4, and 1 had 5. The median time to the first @entity715 was 6.4 months, and to each subsequent @entity715 was 4, 3, 2, and 2 months, respectively. Primary treatment success was defined as the @entity1 remaining alive and within the first 30 days of the initial treatment be free from @entity64 , recurrence of pump @entity715 , device exchange, or urgent transplantation (United Network of Organ Sharing Status 1A). Medical treatment was defined as tissue plasminogen activator, @entity6950 plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, or @entity6950 alone, not followed by surgical treatment within 72 hours. RESULTS: Initial medical treatment was used in 29 episodes (tissue plasminogen activator in 24, @entity6950 alone in 4, and @entity6950 plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in 1) and surgical (device exchange) in 7. Medical treatment was successful in 14 of 29 episodes (48%). Complications of medical treatment included @entity64 in 6 @entity1 (21%), need for urgent device exchange/transplant in 6 (21%), and @entity204 in 3 (10%). Surgical treatment was successful in all 7 @entity1 (100%). No significant early complications or early @entity204 occurred after device exchange. CONCLUSIONS: In this large multicenter analysis, we observed that medical therapy, as the initial treatment strategy for HeartWare HVAD @entity715 , is associated with low success (48%) and a significant risk of @entity64 (21%) and @entity204 (10%). However, initial treatment with device exchange was uniformly successful and not associated with significant early morbidity or @entity204 . Although the optimal treatment approach for HeartWare HVAD pump @entity715 remains undecided, these data do not support the routine use of medical therapy as an initial treatment strategy.

title: Treatment of device XXXX in the HeartWare HVAD: Success and outcomes depend significantly on the initial treatment strategy.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary retroperitoneal @entity4347 (PRMCa) is a rare @entity5 . Prognosis and optimal management are not well established. In view of a case managed in our Centre, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD: Systematic review of medical electronic databases for published data (1950-12/10/2015). No RCTs identified. Individual @entity1 data detracted from case reports and case series were analysed RESULTS: In total, 73 female and 5 male cases of PRMCa identified including our case. Median age at diagnosis was 42.0  years (range 18-86  years), with @entity1 being significantly younger than @entity1 at diagnosis (42.0  years versus 62.2  years, p  =  0.005). A palpable abdominal mass and @entity490 were the most common presentations in 42.9 and 23.8  % of cases, respectively. Twenty-six @entity1 were <38  years old. There were 16 @entity1 <38  years old that had surgical data reported, of which 14 underwent fertility-sparing surgery with excision of the mass. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given in 24.1  % (13/72) @entity1 . Follow-up ranged from 1 to 130  months with a median of 15  months. Of the 57 cases that had follow-up reported, recurrence occurred in 23 cases (40.4  %) within a median of 8  months from diagnosis. Median disease-free survival was 15  months (range 1-130  months). Of the @entity1 who recurred, 14 died of their disease giving 1, 2 and 5-year disease-specific survival rates of 85.9, 80.7 and 75.4  %, respectively. CONCLUSION: PRMCa are rare and potentially aggressive @entity5 that often occur in young @entity1 . @entity5 , adequate staging and adjuvant chemotherapy needs to be considered.

title: Primary retroperitoneal XXXX (PRMCa): a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Removal of the tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4347 :: (MESH:D018282,Disease) :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction @entity5 . The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of @entity470 mutation and expression in Chinese @entity1 with esophageal, esophagogastric junction and @entity356 , and to clarify the value of @entity470 mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these @entity5 . METHODS: In this study, 180 @entity5 samples with histologically confirmed @entity418 (39 cases), @entity5 of the esophagogastric junction (92 cases) and @entity356 (49 cases) were collected. Twenty-nine different @entity470 mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. @entity470 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 89 @entity5 samples. RESULTS: The mutation analysis for @entity470 (exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 @entity5 samples analyzed. @entity470 expression was negative in 12 @entity5 samples, 1+ in 31 @entity5 samples, 2+ in 24 @entity5 samples, and 3+ in 22 @entity5 samples. @entity470 expression was 2+ or 3+ in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 esophageal @entity957 , 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction @entity5 , and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity470 mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal, esophagogastric junction and @entity356 . More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to @entity470 TKI.

title: [Detection and significance of XXXX mutation in esophageal, esophagogastric junction and @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction @entity5 . The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of @entity470 mutation and expression in Chinese @entity1 with esophageal, esophagogastric junction and @entity356 , and to clarify the value of @entity470 mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these @entity5 . METHODS: In this study, 180 @entity5 samples with histologically confirmed @entity418 (39 cases), @entity5 of the esophagogastric junction (92 cases) and @entity356 (49 cases) were collected. Twenty-nine different @entity470 mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. @entity470 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 89 @entity5 samples. RESULTS: The mutation analysis for @entity470 (exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 @entity5 samples analyzed. @entity470 expression was negative in 12 @entity5 samples, 1+ in 31 @entity5 samples, 2+ in 24 @entity5 samples, and 3+ in 22 @entity5 samples. @entity470 expression was 2+ or 3+ in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 esophageal @entity957 , 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction @entity5 , and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity470 mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal, esophagogastric junction and @entity356 . More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to @entity470 TKI.

title: [Detection and significance of @entity470 mutation in esophageal, esophagogastric junction and XXXX ].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is one of the most common @entity102 in adults in both developing and developed countries. The etiology and pathogenesis of @entity102 remain poorly understood, and the disease is refractory to therapy in many @entity1 . Mast cell activation has been demonstrated in the sinonasal mucosa of @entity1 with @entity102 ; however, the specific contribution of mast cells to the development and pathogenesis of this disease has not been established. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the development of @entity102 . METHODS: C57BL/6 wild-type and C57BL/6-Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mast cell-deficient @entity19 were immunized by intraperitoneal allergen injection and subsequent chronic low dose intranasal allergen challenges. The sinonasal phenotypes of these groups were then evaluated and compared to saline-treated controls using radiologic, histologic, and immunologic methods. RESULTS: Wild-type @entity19 exposed to chronic intranasal allergen developed many features seen in @entity1 @entity102 , including mucosal thickening, cystic changes, polyp development, @entity1712 , @entity1373 , and mast cell activation. In contrast, sinonasal pathology was significantly attenuated in mast cell-deficient @entity19 subjected to the same chronic allergen protocol. Specifically, tissue @entity1712 and @entity1373 were reduced by approximately 50% compared to wild-type levels. Surprisingly, none of the mast cell-deficient @entity19 subjected to chronic allergen challenge developed cystic changes or polypoid changes in the nose or sinuses. CONCLUSIONS: These data identify a critical role for mast cells in the development of many features of a @entity19 model of @entity1712 , suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting mast cells be examined in @entity1 afflicted with this disease.

title: Mast Cell Deficiency Limits the Development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic CRS', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based guidelines on @entity282 management via the web and to examine the effects in terms of @entity158 level of @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery and nurses' knowledge of @entity282 management. METHODS: First, evidence-based @entity158 guidelines were developed via the web in a tertiary hospital. Second, a special educational program on evidence-based @entity158 guidelines for nurses was developed after validation of content by experts. Third, diverse strategies were adopted in order to facilitate incorporation of evidence-based @entity158 guidelines in practice. Fourth, nurses in the study units were educated on evidence-based guidelines using the developed educational program for 3 weeks before their implementation of evidence-based @entity158 guidelines to @entity1 . @entity1 were assigned to the control group (from July 29 to August 20, 2011) and the experimental group (from September 24 to October 25, 2011) according to interrupted time interval. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, analysis of variance test with Scheff  's test as a post hoc and repeated measure of analysis of variance. RESULTS: @entity1 in the experimental group showed a significantly lower level of @entity158 . Nurses' knowledge of management of @entity282 showed a significant increase after installation of evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based @entity158 guidelines were effective in reducing the @entity158 level of @entity1 as well as improving nurses' knowledge of @entity158 management.

title: Effect of evidence-based XXXX guidelines via web for @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based guidelines on @entity282 management via the web and to examine the effects in terms of @entity158 level of @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery and nurses' knowledge of @entity282 management. METHODS: First, evidence-based @entity158 guidelines were developed via the web in a tertiary hospital. Second, a special educational program on evidence-based @entity158 guidelines for nurses was developed after validation of content by experts. Third, diverse strategies were adopted in order to facilitate incorporation of evidence-based @entity158 guidelines in practice. Fourth, nurses in the study units were educated on evidence-based guidelines using the developed educational program for 3 weeks before their implementation of evidence-based @entity158 guidelines to @entity1 . @entity1 were assigned to the control group (from July 29 to August 20, 2011) and the experimental group (from September 24 to October 25, 2011) according to interrupted time interval. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, analysis of variance test with Scheff  's test as a post hoc and repeated measure of analysis of variance. RESULTS: @entity1 in the experimental group showed a significantly lower level of @entity158 . Nurses' knowledge of management of @entity282 showed a significant increase after installation of evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based @entity158 guidelines were effective in reducing the @entity158 level of @entity1 as well as improving nurses' knowledge of @entity158 management.

title: Effect of evidence-based @entity282 guidelines via web for XXXX undergoing abdominal surgery in South Korea.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes and the prognostic factors for advanced @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). METHODS: Totally 172 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIb-IV who were treated in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between January 2007 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 were received external radiotherapy, high-dose rate brachytherapy and @entity900 -based chemotherapy concurrently. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 54.5 months. The 2-year and 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were separately 81.5% and 68.8%. The 2-year and 5-year progress-free survival (PFS) were separately 69.2% and 63.1%. Using univariate analysis followed with multivariate analysis, the results showed that these clinicopathological factors including stage (III and above versus IIb; P = 0.021, HR = 1.95; P = 0.020, HR = 1.86), maximum diameter of local @entity5 size (>4 versus  <= 4 cm; P = 0.009, HR = 2.55; P = 0.033, HR = 1.94), @entity957 antigen ( @entity6461 ) level before treatment (>3 versus  <= 3   g/L; P = 0.010, HR = 2.47; P = 0.013, HR = 2.09) and retroperitoneal lymph node status on imaging (para-aortic lymph node positive versus negative, P = 0.009, HR = 3.00, P = 0.010, HR = 2.74; pelvic lymph node positive only versus negative, P = 0.044, HR = 1.98, P = 0.033, HR = 1.92) had the significant effect on @entity1349 and PFS. @entity1 with no above adverse prognostic factor were assigned to Group A (n = 18), those with one factor were assigned to Group B (n = 43), and those with no less than two factors were assigned to Group C (n = 111). Among three groups, the 2-year @entity1349 were separately 94.1%, 97.7% and 73.1%, the 5-year @entity1349 were separately 81.4%, 90.1% and 58.6%, the 2-year PFS were separately 88.2%, 90.4% and 57.9%, the 5-year PFS were 82.4%, 87.9% and 50.0%. The results showed that group C was significant difference from Group A or B in @entity1349 and PFS (all P < 0.05), while Group A had no significant difference from Group B in @entity1349 and PFS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stage III or above, maximum diameter of local @entity5 size >4 cm, @entity6461 level >3   g/L before treatment and positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes on imaging are four independent adverse factors for prognosis of @entity5 of advanced stage after CCRT. The treatment of @entity1 with no less than two adverse factors should be considered to be improved.

title: [Outcomes and prognostic factors of advanced XXXX after concurrent chemoradiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'squamous cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['squamous cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Perioperative @entity1897 are a significant cause of post-operative morbidity in @entity1 undergoing prolonged procedures. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and possible causes of @entity1897 in @entity1 undergoing abdominal free flap breast reconstruction and to develop methods of ameliorating this problem. METHODS: A 4-year retrospective study of @entity1 undergoing abdominal free flap breast reconstruction by a single surgeon and anaesthetist was undertaken to determine the incidence and potential causes of perioperative @entity16 . A new positioning protocol was introduced to minimise the stretch on the brachial plexus and to protect peripheral nerves from compression forces. In addition, regular intraoperative physiotherapy was introduced. A prospective study was then conducted on @entity1 managed by the same team to evaluate the effect of this change in practice on the subsequent incidence of @entity1897 . RESULTS: Over the 4-year retrospective period, 93 consecutive @entity1 underwent abdominal free flap breast reconstruction, six of whom (6.5%) developed a @entity1897 . Following the introduction of the new positioning protocol, prospective data collected on 65 consecutive @entity1 showed no further occurrences of perioperative @entity16 (p  =  0.04). There were no significant differences in the characteristics between the two cohorts. CONCLUSION: Perioperative @entity1897 in abdominal free flap breast reconstruction is a preventable problem. This paper presents a @entity1897 prevention protocol for managing these @entity1 .

title: Prevention of perioperative limb XXXX in abdominal free flap breast reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in @entity1 annulus fibrosus (AF) cells subjected to @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). DESIGN: An in  vitro system for @entity1642 studies was established using AF cultures on fibronectin-coated @entity1346 dishes. MAPK phosphorylation was studied by western analysis, while gene expression was followed by qRT-PCR. DNA synthesis was assessed by both tritiated @entity1014 incorporation and flow cytometry, and collagen synthesis using tritiated @entity1521 incorporation and the protease-free collagenase method. RESULTS: All three MAPKs studied, i.e., ERK, SAPK/JNK, and @entity1435 were found to be phosphorylated immediately after @entity1642 application within physiological range. A second wave of phosphorylation appeared at later time points. MAPK activation was elevated at higher @entity1642 magnitudes, but independent of the frequency. @entity1642 did not stimulate DNA synthesis neither extracellular matrix turnover, but it stimulated the proinflammatory genes, @entity2247 , @entity650 , and @entity687 . This stimulation was more intense at the highest magnitude (8%) tested  and at the median frequency (1  Hz) and time interval (12  h). Blocking of ERK, SAPK/JNK, and @entity1435 MAPK inhibited the @entity1642 -induced stimulation of @entity2247 and @entity687 , while @entity650 expression was mediated only by SAPK/JNK and @entity1435 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS: We have described for the first time the activation of MAPKs in @entity1 AF cells in response to @entity1642  and showed that it drives an inflammatory reaction. These observations shed light on the mechanisms of intervertebral disc (IVD) cell responses to mechanical stress, contributing to the understanding of disc pathophysiology  and possibly to the design of novel therapeutic interventions.

title: Cyclic tensile stress of XXXX annulus fibrosus cells induces MAPK activation: involvement in proinflammatory gene expression.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'cyclic tensile stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: An ultrasonic resorbable @entity7894 (SonicWeld, KLS Martin, M  hlheim, Germany) was compared with hyaluronic acid (Hyaloss Matrix, Anika Therapeutics, Bedford, MA) for their ability to maintain space in non-grafted sinus lifting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative split-mouth study was designed and implemented. Six @entity1 and 4 @entity1 were included (mean age, 56.7  yr). The primary predictors hyaluronic acid (HA) application and ultrasonic resorbable @entity7894 fixation (URPF) were coded as binary variables. The primary outcome variables were height of @entity604 ( @entity5842 ). Secondary outcomes were bone density and implant survival. RESULTS: The postoperative mean @entity604 was significantly higher than the preoperative mean @entity604 on the 2 sides (P < .05). Mean increases in @entity604 and @entity5842 on the URPF side were significantly greater than those on the HA side (P < .05). In total, @entity1 were treated with 40 implants. No type I bone quality was identified; 14 (35%) implants were inserted in type II bone, 22 (50%) in @entity79 (15%) in type IV bone. There was no statistically meaningful difference between the 2 sides for implant survival or bone quality. At 6  months, all implants were clinically stable and the definitive prostheses were functional, resulting in a survival rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: There was sufficient bone height to eventually place implants on the 2 sides in all @entity1 . The 2 techniques yielded predictable outcomes in implant survival and bone quality. However, @entity604 and @entity5842 were considerably greater on the URPF side.

title: Hyaluronic Acid Versus Ultrasonic Resorbable XXXX Fixation for Space Maintenance in Non-Grafted Sinus Lifting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone (HAB) and reduction in sinus volume', 'HAB']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['type III bone, and 6']

answer: @entity7894 :: (8655,Gene) :: ['Pin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate prediction of the metabolic energy walking requires can inform numerous health, bodily status and fitness outcomes. Here, we adopted a two-step approach to identifying a concise, generalized equation for predicting level @entity1 walking metabolism. Using literature-aggregated values, we compared: 1) the predictive accuracy of three literature equations: ACSM, Pandolf, and @entity353 ( @entity353 ) equations, and 2) the goodness-of-fit possible from one- vs. two-component descriptions of walking metabolism. Literature metabolic rate values (n=127; speed range=0.4-1.9 m   s(-1)) were aggregated from 25 subject populations (n=5-42) whose means spanned a 1.8-fold range of heights and a 4.2-fold range of weights. Population-specific resting metabolic rates (VO2-rest) were determined using standardized equations. Our first finding was that the ACSM and Pandolf equations under-predicted nearly all 127 literature-aggregated values. Consequently, their standard errors of estimate (SEE) were nearly four times greater than those of the @entity353 equation (4.51 and 4.39 vs. 1.13 mls O2   kg(-1)   min(-1), respectively). For our second comparison, empirical best-fit relationships for walking metabolism were derived from the data set in one- and two-component forms for three VO2-speed model types: linear (   V(1.0)), exponential (   V(2.0)), and exponential/height (   V(2.0)/Ht). We found that the proportion of variance (R(2)) accounted for, when averaged across the three model types, was substantially lower for one- vs. two-component versions (0.63  0.1 vs. 0.90  0.03) and the predictive errors were nearly twice as great (SEE=2.22 vs. 1.21 mls O2   kg(-1)   min(-1)). Our final analysis identified the following concise, generalized equation for predicting level @entity1 walking metabolism: VO2-total=VO2-rest+3.85+5.97   V(2)/Ht (units: V, m   s(-1); Ht, m; and VO2, mls @entity3612   kg(-1)   min(-1)).

title: Energy expenditure during level XXXX walking: seeking a simple and accurate predictive solution.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Height-Weight-Speed', 'HWS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous treatment of @entity253 after paediatric liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period between October 1999 and October 2010, a total of 92 transplants in 86 @entity1 were performed at our Liver Transplant Centre. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity253 (in four cases associated with intrahepatic @entity1157 ). Percutaneous treatment (transhepatic biliary drainage and conventional/cutting balloon dilatation) was proposed as a first approach in 13/18 @entity1 . Strict radiation protection precautions were taken in accordance with the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. Mean follow-up time was 2,364  days. RESULTS: Surgical correction was required in 3/13 @entity1 ; in 8/13 cases, there was complete disappearance of clinical symptoms without bile duct dilatation; in one case, an asymptomatic persistent bile duct dilatation was detected while in the other case, the liver is currently in @entity528 (69  % clinical success including the asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity384 ). Two of the five @entity1 who were initially treated with surgery required percutaneous revision (clinical success of 100  %). There were two cases of long-term restenosis and two cases of transient haemobilia. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous procedures are safe and effective therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity253 after paediatric liver transplantation.

title: The role of interventional radiology in the treatment of XXXX after paediatric liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic biliary strictures', 'biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic degeneration']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: Compressive symptoms due to @entity1374 and @entity5651 have been shown to be associated with increased perioperative morbidity. However, little is known about the risk associated with the surgical management of @entity1 presenting with cervical @entity2850 secondary to @entity1374 . A retrospective review of data of @entity1 undergoing thyroid surgery in a tertiary referral center was performed. The outcomes of @entity1 with @entity2850 due to @entity1374 were compared to those of @entity1 without @entity2850 . 886 @entity1 operated upon between 2005 and 2012 were included for analysis. 284 cases with @entity2850 (study group) were compared to 602 cases without @entity2850 (control group). There was no difference in the duration of surgery among both groups (123 vs. 126  min, p  =  0.75). There was no significant difference among both groups with regard to postoperative @entity3747 (1.4 vs. 1.1  %), rate of recurrent @entity3746 (6.3 vs. 7.2  %) and @entity86 (2.1 vs. 3.1  %). Compressive symptoms resolved in a significant number of @entity1 following surgery. There was no significant difference in postoperative outcome between @entity1 with and without @entity2850 . Therefore, cervical compression due to @entity1374 is not associated with increased perioperative morbidity.

title: Cervical compression due to XXXX is not associated with increased postoperative morbidity.

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal goiter']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid disorders', 'malignant thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['benign thyroid disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is characterized by @entity519 , @entity551 , and @entity909 occurring around the time of bone cementation. Using a recently proposed severity classification of BCIS, we estimated the incidence of and risk factors for BCIS and its impact on mortality in cemented hemiarthroplasty for @entity2249 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1016 @entity1 undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty were included. Medical history and medication were obtained from medical records. Anaesthesia charts for all @entity1 were reviewed for mean arterial pressure, arterial @entity26 saturation, and heart rate before, during, and after cementation. Each @entity1 was classified as having no BCIS (grade 0) or BCIS grade 1, 2, or 3, depending on the degree of @entity551 , arterial desaturation, or @entity909 around cementation. RESULTS: The incidence of BCIS grade 1, 2, and 3 were 21%, 5.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. Early mortality in BCIS grade 1 (9.3%) did not differ significantly from BCIS grade 0 (5.2%), while early mortality in BCIS grade 2 (35%) and grade 3 (88%) were significantly higher when compared with grades 0 and 1. Early mortality was also higher in BCIS grade 3 when compared with grade 2. Independent predictors for severe BCIS were: ASA grade III-IV, @entity1030 , and medication with diuretics or @entity1229 . Severe BCIS was associated with 16-fold increase in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: BCIS is a commonly occurring phenomenon in cemented hemiarthroplasty and severe BCIS has a huge impact on early and late mortality.

title: Bone cement implantation syndrome in cemented hemiarthroplasty for XXXX : incidence, risk factors, and effect on outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection is increasingly used to treat localized, early-stage @entity418 . We sought to assess its adoption, characterize the risks of nodal metastases, and define differences in procedural mortality and 5-year survival between endoscopic and surgical resection in the United States. METHODS: From the National Cancer Data Base, @entity1 with T1a and T1b lesions were identified. Treatment patterns were characterized, and hierarchical regression methods were used to define predictors and evaluate outcomes. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Five thousand three hundred ninety @entity1 were identified and underwent endoscopic (26.5%) or surgical resection (73.5%). Endoscopic resection increased from 19.0% to 53.0% for T1a lesions (P < .001) and from 6.6% to 20.9% for T1b @entity5 (P < .001). The strongest predictors of endoscopic resection were depth of invasion (T1a vs T1b: odds ratio [OR] = 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.76 to 5.27) and @entity1 age of 75 years or older (vs age less than 55 years: OR = 4.86; 95% CI = 3.60 to 6.57). Among @entity1 undergoing surgery, lymph node @entity3 was 5.0% for T1a and 16.6% for T1b lesions. Predictors of nodal metastases included @entity5 size greater than 2 cm (vs. <2 cm) and intermediate-/high-grade lesions (vs low grade). For example, 0.5% of @entity1 with low-grade T1a lesions less than 2 cm had lymph node involvement. The risk of 30-day mortality was less after endoscopic resection (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.58) but greater for conditional 5-year survival (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.47). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection has become the most common treatment of T1a @entity418 and has increased for T1b @entity5 . It remains important to balance the risk of nodal metastases and procedural risk when counseling @entity1 regarding their treatment options.

title: Treatment trends, risk of lymph node @entity3 , and outcomes for localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection is increasingly used to treat localized, early-stage @entity418 . We sought to assess its adoption, characterize the risks of nodal metastases, and define differences in procedural mortality and 5-year survival between endoscopic and surgical resection in the United States. METHODS: From the National Cancer Data Base, @entity1 with T1a and T1b lesions were identified. Treatment patterns were characterized, and hierarchical regression methods were used to define predictors and evaluate outcomes. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Five thousand three hundred ninety @entity1 were identified and underwent endoscopic (26.5%) or surgical resection (73.5%). Endoscopic resection increased from 19.0% to 53.0% for T1a lesions (P < .001) and from 6.6% to 20.9% for T1b @entity5 (P < .001). The strongest predictors of endoscopic resection were depth of invasion (T1a vs T1b: odds ratio [OR] = 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.76 to 5.27) and @entity1 age of 75 years or older (vs age less than 55 years: OR = 4.86; 95% CI = 3.60 to 6.57). Among @entity1 undergoing surgery, lymph node @entity3 was 5.0% for T1a and 16.6% for T1b lesions. Predictors of nodal metastases included @entity5 size greater than 2 cm (vs. <2 cm) and intermediate-/high-grade lesions (vs low grade). For example, 0.5% of @entity1 with low-grade T1a lesions less than 2 cm had lymph node involvement. The risk of 30-day mortality was less after endoscopic resection (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.19 to 0.58) but greater for conditional 5-year survival (HR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.47). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection has become the most common treatment of T1a @entity418 and has increased for T1b @entity5 . It remains important to balance the risk of nodal metastases and procedural risk when counseling @entity1 regarding their treatment options.

title: Treatment trends, risk of lymph node XXXX , and outcomes for localized @entity418 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional @entity5 markers have limited value for prognostication and treatment monitoring in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 and novel circulating @entity5 markers therefore need to be explored. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major macropolysaccharide in the extracellular matrix and is reported to be associated with @entity5 progression. In our study, we investigated plasma HA level with respect to progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), as well as the treatment monitoring value in @entity0 @entity1 . The prognostic value of plasma HA level was investigated in a discovery cohort of 212 @entity0 @entity1 with 2.5-year follow-up and validated in an independent validation cohort of 334 @entity1 with 5-year follow-up. The treatment monitoring value of plasma HA level was investigated in 61 @entity0 @entity1 from discovery cohort who had been radiographically examined after 1(st) complete cycle of chemo therapy. We found a robust association between high plasma HA level and poor prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 in both discovery (pPFS = 7.92 * 10(-6) and pOS = 5.27 * 10(-5) ) and validation studies (pPFS = 3.66 * 10(-4) andpOS = 1.43 * 10(-4) ). In the discovery cohort, the plasma HA level displayed independent prognostic value after adjusted for age and clinicopathological factors, with respect to PFS and @entity1349 . Further, the decrease of plasma HA level displayed good concordance with treatment response evaluated by radiographic examination (AUC=0.79). Plasma HA level displays prognostic value, as well as treatment monitoring value for @entity0 @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Plasma Hyaluronic Acid level as a Prognostic and Monitoring Marker of Metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity5 of the central nervous system (CNS) are uncommon; @entity5701 in this region are extremely rare. Very few cases of amelanotic variation of primary @entity320 in the CNS were reported on. General guidelines or recommendations to establish this diagnosis do not exist. CASE REPORT: A sixty-year-old male Hispanic @entity1 presented with a 7-day history of @entity1183 and @entity1296 . Initial laboratory work-up and physical examination were inconclusive. Cerebral radiological imaging showed a @entity75 . Further work-up after clinical deterioration revealed an increase in the lesion size consistent with @entity548 and changes in T1WI. Biopsy and immunochemistry demonstrated the presence of @entity5701 in the CNS without evidence of another @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity149 represents a challenge, clinically and diagnostically. Magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in early stages. Final diagnosis is established with immunohistochemical testing. Physicians should be aware of the existence of this rare manifestation and difficulties faced while building this diagnosis.

title: Primary central nervous system XXXX in a Hispanic male: Case report.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['melanotic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal lesion', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanomas', 'amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic melanoma of the CNS']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['amelanotic melanoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Test-retest design OBJECTIVE.: The objective was to examine the intra-rater (test-retest) reliability of the core stability related tests and to develop a reliable core stability assessment battery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies suggest that core stability exercises may improve function and decrease @entity158 in @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Reliable clinical tests are required to implement adequate rehabilitation and to evaluate results of these interventions. METHODS: The study had a test-retest design. Thirty-three different tests that might relate to core stability were identified with their mostly used protocols. Five different components of core stability including endurance, flexibility, strength, functional performance, and motor control were assessed in 38 @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 . The same testing procedure was performed again after 48-72hours. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change were calculated to assess the intra-rater reliability. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability of the tests ranged from little to very high (ICC=0.08-0.98). Partial curl-up (ICC=0.90), lateral bridge (ICC=0.95-0.96), trunk flexor endurance (ICC=0.97), sit-and-reach (ICC=0.98), single-legged hop (ICC=0.98-0.97), lateral step-down (ICC=0.93-0.92), @entity735 and left leg unilateral stance (ICC=0.97 and 0.91) tests had the highest intra-rater reliability for each core stability component. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the partial curl-up test (strength), side bridge and trunk flexor tests (endurance), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), single-legged hop, and lateral step-down (functional), unilateral stance test with eyes open (motor control) had very high intra-rater reliability. A core stability assessment battery involving these tests can be used in @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 to assess all components of core stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Developing a Reliable core Stability Assessment Battery for @entity1 With non-Specific Low Back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eyes open right']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Test-retest design OBJECTIVE.: The objective was to examine the intra-rater (test-retest) reliability of the core stability related tests and to develop a reliable core stability assessment battery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies suggest that core stability exercises may improve function and decrease @entity158 in @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Reliable clinical tests are required to implement adequate rehabilitation and to evaluate results of these interventions. METHODS: The study had a test-retest design. Thirty-three different tests that might relate to core stability were identified with their mostly used protocols. Five different components of core stability including endurance, flexibility, strength, functional performance, and motor control were assessed in 38 @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 . The same testing procedure was performed again after 48-72hours. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change were calculated to assess the intra-rater reliability. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability of the tests ranged from little to very high (ICC=0.08-0.98). Partial curl-up (ICC=0.90), lateral bridge (ICC=0.95-0.96), trunk flexor endurance (ICC=0.97), sit-and-reach (ICC=0.98), single-legged hop (ICC=0.98-0.97), lateral step-down (ICC=0.93-0.92), @entity735 and left leg unilateral stance (ICC=0.97 and 0.91) tests had the highest intra-rater reliability for each core stability component. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the partial curl-up test (strength), side bridge and trunk flexor tests (endurance), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), single-legged hop, and lateral step-down (functional), unilateral stance test with eyes open (motor control) had very high intra-rater reliability. A core stability assessment battery involving these tests can be used in @entity1 with non-specific @entity1643 to assess all components of core stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Developing a Reliable core Stability Assessment Battery for XXXX With non-Specific Low Back @entity158 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: To better understand the genetic ontogeny of @entity1179 of @entity1494 , we analyzed telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) promoter mutation status in a group of 26 @entity1179 in comparison with the mutation status of @entity189 with inverted growth (26 cases), conventional @entity189 (36 Ta noninvasive @entity189 , 35 T2 invasive @entity189 ), and @entity2335 (25 cases). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2215 promoter mutations in @entity1179 , @entity189 with inverted growth, @entity189 , and @entity2335 were 15% (4/26), 58% (15/26), 63% (45/71), and 0% (0/25), respectively. @entity10207 mutations were the predominant mutations (97%) found in @entity150 while @entity59802 aberrations occurred in only about 3% of @entity150 . In the @entity1179 group, @entity2215 mutation occurred predominantly in female @entity1 (P=0.006). Among @entity189 , @entity2215 promoter mutation status did not correlate with gender, histologic grade or pathologic stage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2215 promoter mutations were found in 15% of @entity1179 . Our data suggest that there is a subpopulation of @entity1179 that shares a carcinogenetic pathway with @entity189 with inverted growth and conventional @entity189 . Caution is warranted in exploring @entity2215 promoter mutation status as a screening or adjunct diagnostic test for @entity150 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Telomerase reverse transcriptase ( XXXX ) promoter mutation analysis of benign, malignant and reactive urothelial lesions reveals a subpopulation of @entity1179 with immortalizing genetic change.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papillomas', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis glandularis']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['TERT']


abstract: AIMS: To better understand the genetic ontogeny of @entity1179 of @entity1494 , we analyzed telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) promoter mutation status in a group of 26 @entity1179 in comparison with the mutation status of @entity189 with inverted growth (26 cases), conventional @entity189 (36 Ta noninvasive @entity189 , 35 T2 invasive @entity189 ), and @entity2335 (25 cases). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2215 promoter mutations in @entity1179 , @entity189 with inverted growth, @entity189 , and @entity2335 were 15% (4/26), 58% (15/26), 63% (45/71), and 0% (0/25), respectively. @entity10207 mutations were the predominant mutations (97%) found in @entity150 while @entity59802 aberrations occurred in only about 3% of @entity150 . In the @entity1179 group, @entity2215 mutation occurred predominantly in female @entity1 (P=0.006). Among @entity189 , @entity2215 promoter mutation status did not correlate with gender, histologic grade or pathologic stage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2215 promoter mutations were found in 15% of @entity1179 . Our data suggest that there is a subpopulation of @entity1179 that shares a carcinogenetic pathway with @entity189 with inverted growth and conventional @entity189 . Caution is warranted in exploring @entity2215 promoter mutation status as a screening or adjunct diagnostic test for @entity150 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) promoter mutation analysis of benign, malignant and reactive urothelial lesions reveals a subpopulation of XXXX with immortalizing genetic change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity677 ) are the most common @entity361 of the digestive tract. Approximately two thirds of clinically manifest @entity5 occur in the @entity1819 , nearly one third in the small bowel, and the rest in the colorectal region with a few cases in the esophagus. @entity677 originate within the smooth muscle layer in the wall of the tubular gastrointestinal tract and grow mostly toward the serosa, far less often toward the mucosa. In the latter case, @entity1066 may develop and can cause @entity360 as the cardinal symptom. However, most @entity677 are asymptomatic. They are increasingly detected incidentally as small intramural or @entity5 during endoscopy and particularly during endoscopic ultrasound. Epidemiological and molecular genetic findings suggest that early asymptomatic @entity677 (< 1 cm) show self-limiting tumorigenesis. Thus, early (< 1 cm) asymptomatic @entity356 (synonym: @entity677 ) are found in 20%-30% of the elderly. The mostly elderly @entity1 with early @entity356 have an excellent @entity677 -specific prognosis. @entity1 with early @entity677 can therefore be managed by endoscopic surveillance.

title: Management of early asymptomatic XXXX of the @entity1819 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity677 :: ('MESH:C564650', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'GIST of the stomach', 'micro-GIST']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity677 ) are the most common @entity361 of the digestive tract. Approximately two thirds of clinically manifest @entity5 occur in the @entity1819 , nearly one third in the small bowel, and the rest in the colorectal region with a few cases in the esophagus. @entity677 originate within the smooth muscle layer in the wall of the tubular gastrointestinal tract and grow mostly toward the serosa, far less often toward the mucosa. In the latter case, @entity1066 may develop and can cause @entity360 as the cardinal symptom. However, most @entity677 are asymptomatic. They are increasingly detected incidentally as small intramural or @entity5 during endoscopy and particularly during endoscopic ultrasound. Epidemiological and molecular genetic findings suggest that early asymptomatic @entity677 (< 1 cm) show self-limiting tumorigenesis. Thus, early (< 1 cm) asymptomatic @entity356 (synonym: @entity677 ) are found in 20%-30% of the elderly. The mostly elderly @entity1 with early @entity356 have an excellent @entity677 -specific prognosis. @entity1 with early @entity677 can therefore be managed by endoscopic surveillance.

title: Management of early asymptomatic @entity674 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['stomach']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is highly lethal. In a nonsurvival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of high-dose @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) (300 mg/kg) to hetastarch reduced @entity75 size and associated swelling 6 hours after injury; whether this would have translated into better neurologic outcomes remains unknown. It is also unclear whether lower doses of @entity3262 would be neuroprotective. We hypothesized that addition of low-dose @entity3262 to normal saline (NS) resuscitation would result in improved long-term neurologic recovery and decreased @entity75 size. METHODS: @entity131 was created in anesthetized @entity1707 (40-43 kg) by controlled cortical impact, and volume-controlled @entity548 (40% volume) was induced concurrently. After 2 hours of shock, animals were randomized (n = 5 per group) to NS (3* shed blood) or NS + @entity3262 (150 mg/kg). Six hours after resuscitation, packed red blood cells were transfused, and animals were recovered. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for acetylated histone-H3 at @entity376 -9. A Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was assessed daily for 30 days. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed on Days 3 and 10. Cognitive performance was assessed by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in histone acetylation in the NS + @entity3262 -treated animals compared with NS treatment. The NS + @entity3262 group demonstrated significantly decreased @entity16 and faster speed of recovery as well as smaller @entity75 size compared with the NS group. Although the final cognitive function scores were similar between the groups, the @entity3262 -treated animals reached the goal significantly faster than the NS controls. CONCLUSION: In this long-term survival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of low-dose @entity3262 to saline resuscitation resulted in attenuated @entity16 , faster neurologic recovery, smaller @entity75 size, and a quicker normalization of cognitive functions.

title: Addition of low-dose @entity1092 to saline resuscitation provides neuroprotection and improves long-term outcomes in a large animal model of combined XXXX and @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is highly lethal. In a nonsurvival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of high-dose @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) (300 mg/kg) to hetastarch reduced @entity75 size and associated swelling 6 hours after injury; whether this would have translated into better neurologic outcomes remains unknown. It is also unclear whether lower doses of @entity3262 would be neuroprotective. We hypothesized that addition of low-dose @entity3262 to normal saline (NS) resuscitation would result in improved long-term neurologic recovery and decreased @entity75 size. METHODS: @entity131 was created in anesthetized @entity1707 (40-43 kg) by controlled cortical impact, and volume-controlled @entity548 (40% volume) was induced concurrently. After 2 hours of shock, animals were randomized (n = 5 per group) to NS (3* shed blood) or NS + @entity3262 (150 mg/kg). Six hours after resuscitation, packed red blood cells were transfused, and animals were recovered. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for acetylated histone-H3 at @entity376 -9. A Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was assessed daily for 30 days. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed on Days 3 and 10. Cognitive performance was assessed by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in histone acetylation in the NS + @entity3262 -treated animals compared with NS treatment. The NS + @entity3262 group demonstrated significantly decreased @entity16 and faster speed of recovery as well as smaller @entity75 size compared with the NS group. Although the final cognitive function scores were similar between the groups, the @entity3262 -treated animals reached the goal significantly faster than the NS controls. CONCLUSION: In this long-term survival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of low-dose @entity3262 to saline resuscitation resulted in attenuated @entity16 , faster neurologic recovery, smaller @entity75 size, and a quicker normalization of cognitive functions.

title: Addition of low-dose XXXX to saline resuscitation provides neuroprotection and improves long-term outcomes in a large animal model of combined @entity131 and @entity548 .

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is highly lethal. In a nonsurvival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of high-dose @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) (300 mg/kg) to hetastarch reduced @entity75 size and associated swelling 6 hours after injury; whether this would have translated into better neurologic outcomes remains unknown. It is also unclear whether lower doses of @entity3262 would be neuroprotective. We hypothesized that addition of low-dose @entity3262 to normal saline (NS) resuscitation would result in improved long-term neurologic recovery and decreased @entity75 size. METHODS: @entity131 was created in anesthetized @entity1707 (40-43 kg) by controlled cortical impact, and volume-controlled @entity548 (40% volume) was induced concurrently. After 2 hours of shock, animals were randomized (n = 5 per group) to NS (3* shed blood) or NS + @entity3262 (150 mg/kg). Six hours after resuscitation, packed red blood cells were transfused, and animals were recovered. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for acetylated histone-H3 at @entity376 -9. A Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was assessed daily for 30 days. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed on Days 3 and 10. Cognitive performance was assessed by training animals to retrieve food from color-coded boxes. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in histone acetylation in the NS + @entity3262 -treated animals compared with NS treatment. The NS + @entity3262 group demonstrated significantly decreased @entity16 and faster speed of recovery as well as smaller @entity75 size compared with the NS group. Although the final cognitive function scores were similar between the groups, the @entity3262 -treated animals reached the goal significantly faster than the NS controls. CONCLUSION: In this long-term survival model of @entity131 + @entity548 , addition of low-dose @entity3262 to saline resuscitation resulted in attenuated @entity16 , faster neurologic recovery, smaller @entity75 size, and a quicker normalization of cognitive functions.

title: Addition of low-dose @entity1092 to saline resuscitation provides neuroprotection and improves long-term outcomes in a large animal model of combined @entity131 and XXXX .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: Background   Ulnar impaction syndrome is a condition in which the ulna impacts on the ulnar carpus. This most commonly occurs when the ulna is longer than the radius, but it can also occur in wrists with ulnar neutral and ulnar negative variance. Materials and Methods   In this paper we outline our surgical technique for ulnar shortening osteotomy. A previously published retrospective case series of 28 @entity1 treated at our center is presented. Fifty consecutive @entity1 who underwent ulnar shortening osteotomy (USO) for @entity3355 were approached for study, and 28 consented to review. Mean preoperative ulnar variance was +2.3   mm, and mean postoperative ulnar variance was -0.8 mm. Mean follow-up time was 21.2 months (8 to 41 months) and ten of 28 were receiving workers' compensation. Mean @entity158 score (visual analog scale; VAS) was 7.9. Univariate analysis was performed to assess clinical and demographic data. In addition, subgroup analysis of workers' compensation @entity1 and smokers was performed. Description of Technique   A longitudinal incision over the subcutaneous border of the ulna is used to expose the ulna between the distal and middle third of the ulna from the ulna styloid. Preoperative posteroanterior (PA) X-rays are reviewed to determine the amount of shortening required, with a goal of creating -2   mm variance postoperatively. A 6-hole dynamic compression plate is predrilled distally prior to performing two oblique osteotomies separated by the desired shortening length. The fragments are reduced, controlling for rotation, and plated using compression. In some cases, a lag screw is employed across the oblique osteotomy site. Results   Mean @entity158 scores were significantly reduced postoperatively (VAS 7.9 versus 3.1, P   <   0.0001). The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score was 37.2 postoperatively. Flexion, extension, and supination were reduced compared with the contralateral unaffected extremity (84.6%, 85.3%, and 86.9% of normal). @entity1 receiving workers' compensation and smokers had significantly more @entity158 postoperatively (VAS 5.2 vs. 2.0, P   =   0.0002 and VAS 4.4 vs 2.4, P   <   0.05, respectively). Eleven of 28 @entity1 required hardware removal for plate irritation, and five of 28 @entity1 had a nonunion. Conclusion   We present our surgical technique for ulnar shortening osteotomy. @entity158 was significantly improved in our population; however, @entity1 receiving workers' compensation and smokers had less improvement in @entity158 and higher disability scores.

title: Ulnar shortening osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar impaction syndrome']

answer: @entity3355 :: (MESH:D014095,Disease) :: ['ulnar impaction syndrome']