abstract: To evaluate the utility of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens, the activity of ten established chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated against seven @entity320 and three @entity43 xenografts. Xenografts were established using primary explants from @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy and serially passaged as sc @entity5 in @entity19 . In vivo drug activities for @entity4316 , @entity3600 , @entity5713 , @entity3601 , @entity5257 , @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1138 , @entity632 , and @entity2879 were evaluated by 4 weekly ip injections of 10% less than LD10 doses. Plots of relative @entity5 growth versus time were nearly log-linear. Analysis of in vivo activity was performed using percent control growth (treated/control @entity5 volume) and by calculation of a novel growth delay index obtained by fitting growth curves to a quadratic regression model. Both modes of data analysis identified alkylating agents ( @entity3601 , @entity3600 , and @entity1138 ) as the most active drugs against @entity1 @entity320 . @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 showed the greatest activity against ovarian xenografts. However, complete @entity5 regressions were noted only with @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 against a single @entity43 xenograft. Correlation analysis suggested xenograft @entity5 growth rate was an important determinant of drug response. These results suggest that preclinical, new-drug screening with @entity320 xenografts would identify drugs such as alkylating agents as active, and may not provide an advantage over @entity19 @entity1778 screens. However, screening with ovarian xenografts may more closely reflect clinical drug activity. Criteria for detecting active drugs in such systems are discussed.

title: Use of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens: in vivo activity of established chemotherapeutic agents against XXXX and @entity43 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan', 'Melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: To evaluate the utility of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens, the activity of ten established chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated against seven @entity320 and three @entity43 xenografts. Xenografts were established using primary explants from @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy and serially passaged as sc @entity5 in @entity19 . In vivo drug activities for @entity4316 , @entity3600 , @entity5713 , @entity3601 , @entity5257 , @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1138 , @entity632 , and @entity2879 were evaluated by 4 weekly ip injections of 10% less than LD10 doses. Plots of relative @entity5 growth versus time were nearly log-linear. Analysis of in vivo activity was performed using percent control growth (treated/control @entity5 volume) and by calculation of a novel growth delay index obtained by fitting growth curves to a quadratic regression model. Both modes of data analysis identified alkylating agents ( @entity3601 , @entity3600 , and @entity1138 ) as the most active drugs against @entity1 @entity320 . @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 showed the greatest activity against ovarian xenografts. However, complete @entity5 regressions were noted only with @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 against a single @entity43 xenograft. Correlation analysis suggested xenograft @entity5 growth rate was an important determinant of drug response. These results suggest that preclinical, new-drug screening with @entity320 xenografts would identify drugs such as alkylating agents as active, and may not provide an advantage over @entity19 @entity1778 screens. However, screening with ovarian xenografts may more closely reflect clinical drug activity. Criteria for detecting active drugs in such systems are discussed.

title: Use of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens: in vivo activity of established chemotherapeutic agents against @entity320 and XXXX xenografts.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: To evaluate the utility of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens, the activity of ten established chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated against seven @entity320 and three @entity43 xenografts. Xenografts were established using primary explants from @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy and serially passaged as sc @entity5 in @entity19 . In vivo drug activities for @entity4316 , @entity3600 , @entity5713 , @entity3601 , @entity5257 , @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1138 , @entity632 , and @entity2879 were evaluated by 4 weekly ip injections of 10% less than LD10 doses. Plots of relative @entity5 growth versus time were nearly log-linear. Analysis of in vivo activity was performed using percent control growth (treated/control @entity5 volume) and by calculation of a novel growth delay index obtained by fitting growth curves to a quadratic regression model. Both modes of data analysis identified alkylating agents ( @entity3601 , @entity3600 , and @entity1138 ) as the most active drugs against @entity1 @entity320 . @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 showed the greatest activity against ovarian xenografts. However, complete @entity5 regressions were noted only with @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 against a single @entity43 xenograft. Correlation analysis suggested xenograft @entity5 growth rate was an important determinant of drug response. These results suggest that preclinical, new-drug screening with @entity320 xenografts would identify drugs such as alkylating agents as active, and may not provide an advantage over @entity19 @entity1778 screens. However, screening with ovarian xenografts may more closely reflect clinical drug activity. Criteria for detecting active drugs in such systems are discussed.

title: Use of nude XXXX xenografts as preclinical drug screens: in vivo activity of established chemotherapeutic agents against @entity320 and @entity43 xenografts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 induced by @entity2298 ( @entity2298 ) has gained much attention. However, very limited numbers of studies have focused on the clinical significance of TG elevation in non- @entity2298 induced @entity788 , such as @entity656 ( @entity656 ). This study aimed to study the clinical significances of @entity412 (TG) elevation in @entity1 with @entity656 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 426 @entity656 cases in our research center. According to the highest TG level within 72 h of disease onset, the @entity1 were divided into a normal TG group and an elevated TG group. We analyzed the differences between the two groups of @entity1 in aspects such as general information, disease severity, @entity1605 (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II) and Ranson scores, inflammatory cytokines, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the normal TG group, @entity1 in the elevated TG group showed a significantly higher body mass index and were significantly younger. TG elevation at the early stage of @entity656 was associated with higher risk of severe @entity788 and @entity881 , especially @entity1576 . For @entity1 with severe @entity788 , those with elevated TG levels were more likely to have a larger area of @entity39 , and higher incidence of @entity788 as well as higher mortality (17.78% versus 9.80%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity656 @entity1 , TG elevation might participate in the aggravation of @entity788 and the occurrence of @entity149 . Thus, the TG level may serve as an important indicator to determine the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity656 .

title: Clinical significance of serum XXXX elevation at early stage of @entity656 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['HTG', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['ABP', 'acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or local complications']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ failures']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 induced by @entity2298 ( @entity2298 ) has gained much attention. However, very limited numbers of studies have focused on the clinical significance of TG elevation in non- @entity2298 induced @entity788 , such as @entity656 ( @entity656 ). This study aimed to study the clinical significances of @entity412 (TG) elevation in @entity1 with @entity656 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 426 @entity656 cases in our research center. According to the highest TG level within 72 h of disease onset, the @entity1 were divided into a normal TG group and an elevated TG group. We analyzed the differences between the two groups of @entity1 in aspects such as general information, disease severity, @entity1605 (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II) and Ranson scores, inflammatory cytokines, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the normal TG group, @entity1 in the elevated TG group showed a significantly higher body mass index and were significantly younger. TG elevation at the early stage of @entity656 was associated with higher risk of severe @entity788 and @entity881 , especially @entity1576 . For @entity1 with severe @entity788 , those with elevated TG levels were more likely to have a larger area of @entity39 , and higher incidence of @entity788 as well as higher mortality (17.78% versus 9.80%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity656 @entity1 , TG elevation might participate in the aggravation of @entity788 and the occurrence of @entity149 . Thus, the TG level may serve as an important indicator to determine the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity656 .

title: Clinical significance of serum @entity412 elevation at early stage of XXXX .

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors influencing @entity1 ' self-management of urgent @entity6 problems that precipitated unscheduled hospital care. BACKGROUND: @entity6 is placing increasing resource demands on health services and current policy advocates management in primary care and community settings whenever possible. Such policy has implications for @entity1 education and empowerment and on mechanisms within primary and community care to support the management of @entity6 when urgent healthcare problems arise. DESIGN: Qualitative, descriptive investigation, across two contrasting sites. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 admitted to hospital for urgent/emergency care due to @entity6 were recruited from urban and rural localities in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and data analysed using nvivo version 8 and framework techniques. RESULTS: Self-management of @entity6 was typically habitual, and urgent problems that proved difficult to resolve necessitated recourse to unscheduled hospital care. Though skills relating to problem-solving, decision-making, resource use and formation of @entity1 -provider partnerships were evident among some @entity1 , these required further development. Evidence of action planning or self-tailoring skills was sparse. CONCLUSIONS: Education plays an important role in assisting individuals to self-manage their @entity6 on a daily basis, but urgent, unexpected health problems proved challenging for both @entity1 and health service providers. A greater focus on empowering @entity1 with core self-management skills is required to enhance ability to successfully manage unexpected @entity6 complications, coupled with enhanced primary care resources, particularly out-of-hours. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The importance of informal and structured @entity6 education should not be underestimated; however, the challenge of improving skills such as problem-solving to manage urgent healthcare needs must be tackled. This study provokes debate regarding how best to deliver appropriate education and health services to cover urgent unscheduled care needs without automatically referring to emergency department hospital care.

title: 'Well, who do I phone?' Preparing for urgent care: a challenge for XXXX and service providers alike'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes-related problems', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Differentiating @entity162 ( @entity162 ) from @entity308 ( @entity308 ) remains a major clinical challenge. The identification of neurobiological markers may help to differentiate these disorders, particularly during @entity308 episodes. This cross-sectional study, including 33 @entity1 with @entity308 , 33 @entity1 with @entity162 , and 34 healthy controls, is one of the first to directly compare @entity308 and @entity162 with respect to reward processing. A card-guessing paradigm was employed and brain activity associated with reward processing was investigated by means of fMRI. A 3 (group) * 2 (condition: reward>control, loss>control) ANOVA was conducted using the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) as ROI. Furthermore, a whole-brain approach was applied. A functional connectivity analysis was performed to characterize diagnosis-related alterations in the functional coupling between the NAcc and other brain areas. The ANOVA revealed higher activity for healthy controls (HCs) than for @entity162 and @entity308 in the NAcc during reward processing. Moreover, @entity308 showed a higher functional connectivity between the NAcc and the VTA than HC. The @entity1 groups could be differentiated in that @entity162 showed a decreased activation, in the reward condition, of the NAcc, caudate nucleus, thalamus, putamen, insula, and prefrontal areas compared with @entity308 . These results may help to refine the understanding of neural correlates of reward processing in both disorders, and to understand the neural underpinnings of @entity4270 , a core symptom of @entity308 episodes.

title: Reward Processing in XXXX : A Functional MRI Study.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['UD', 'depressive', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Unipolar and Bipolar Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on treatment outcome and prognostic factors in @entity1 with metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) are limited in the literature. METHODS: A total of 119 @entity1 with metastatic STS treated between June 2003 and December 2012 were analyzed for treatment outcome and prognostic factors. RESULTS: Median age was 37 years (range 2-72 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Most common histologic subtypes were @entity1352 (36 %) and @entity1822 (16 %). Median @entity5 size was 12 cm (range 1.6-30 cm). Twenty-four (20 %) @entity1 were treated with multimodality therapy and 80 % @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy alone. At a median follow-up of 10 months (range 1-66 months), the 2-year EFS and @entity3012 were 10 and 19 %, respectively, with a median EFS and @entity3012 of 6 and 10 months, respectively. Univariate analysis identified albumin  <=4 g/dl (p = 0.001), histologic subtypes other than @entity1352 (p = 0.02), @entity5 (p = 0.03) and single modality treatment (p = 0.03) as factors predicting poor EFS; however, for @entity3012 , hemoglobin  <=10 g/dl (p = 0.02), @entity5 size >10 cm (p = 0.01) and single modality treatment (p = 0.04) were identified as poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified only serum albumin  <=4 g/dl (p = 0.002, HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.29-0.75) associated with poor EFS; however, for @entity3012 , hemoglobin  <=10 g/dl (p = 0.009, HR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.29-0.83), @entity5 size >10 cm (p = 0.003, HR 2.11, 95 % CI 1.28-3.47) and single modality treatment (p = 0.01, HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.25-0.86) emerged as poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Serum albumin, @entity5 size, hemoglobin and treatment modality affect survival in metastatic STS.

title: Prognostic factors affecting survival in metastatic soft tissue XXXX : an analysis of 110 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-extremity tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on treatment outcome and prognostic factors in @entity1 with metastatic soft tissue @entity242 (STS) are limited in the literature. METHODS: A total of 119 @entity1 with metastatic STS treated between June 2003 and December 2012 were analyzed for treatment outcome and prognostic factors. RESULTS: Median age was 37 years (range 2-72 years) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Most common histologic subtypes were @entity1352 (36 %) and @entity1822 (16 %). Median @entity5 size was 12 cm (range 1.6-30 cm). Twenty-four (20 %) @entity1 were treated with multimodality therapy and 80 % @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy alone. At a median follow-up of 10 months (range 1-66 months), the 2-year EFS and @entity3012 were 10 and 19 %, respectively, with a median EFS and @entity3012 of 6 and 10 months, respectively. Univariate analysis identified albumin  <=4 g/dl (p = 0.001), histologic subtypes other than @entity1352 (p = 0.02), @entity5 (p = 0.03) and single modality treatment (p = 0.03) as factors predicting poor EFS; however, for @entity3012 , hemoglobin  <=10 g/dl (p = 0.02), @entity5 size >10 cm (p = 0.01) and single modality treatment (p = 0.04) were identified as poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified only serum albumin  <=4 g/dl (p = 0.002, HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.29-0.75) associated with poor EFS; however, for @entity3012 , hemoglobin  <=10 g/dl (p = 0.009, HR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.29-0.83), @entity5 size >10 cm (p = 0.003, HR 2.11, 95 % CI 1.28-3.47) and single modality treatment (p = 0.01, HR 0.47, 95 % CI 0.25-0.86) emerged as poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Serum albumin, @entity5 size, hemoglobin and treatment modality affect survival in metastatic STS.

title: Prognostic factors affecting survival in metastatic soft tissue @entity242 : an analysis of 110 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate aqueous flare change patterns in @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) following intravitreal application of @entity619 implant. To evaluate the correlations between @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and aqueous flare values. METHODS: This prospective, interventional pilot study included 40 eyes of 40 @entity1 with macular @entity4 associated with @entity2994 . All @entity1 received intravitreal injection of @entity619 implant at baseline visit. Full ophthalmologic examination, @entity1020 and aqueous flare measurements were performed prior to injection and repeated at months 1, 3, and 5. Aqueous flare, BCVA and @entity1020 changes between visits were assessed. Further statistical analysis was performed to investigate correlations between these three parameters. RESULTS: The @entity1 consist of 23 (57.5%) @entity1 and 17 (42.5%) @entity1 with a mean age of 65.7        6.2 years. Of the 40 eyes, 24 (60%) had @entity2994 and 16 (40%) had central @entity2994 . BCVA (log   MAR) was significantly correlated with aqueous flare at each visit (r   =   0.436, p      =   0.005; r   =   0.349, p   =   0.027; r   =   0.357, p   =   0.024; r   =   0.551, p   =   0.000, respectively). Flare values were also correlated with @entity1020 measurements in 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.324, p   =   0.042; r   =   0.556, p   =   0.000, respectively). Comparing the percentage change in @entity1020 and flare values over time, the change in @entity1020 from baseline to 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.441, p   =   0.004, r   =   0.448, p   =   0.004), from 1st month to 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.441, p   =   0.004; r   =   0.461, p   =   0.003) and from 3rd month to 5th month were directly correlated with aqueous flare changes (r   =   0.584, p   =   0.000). Twenty-two eyes (55%) required second @entity619 implant application at 5th month. CONCLUSION: Considering the inflammatory base of @entity2994 , @entity619 implants effectively decreased the flare values in the anterior chamber. The @entity1020 change was directly correlated with aqueous flare values.

title: Aqueous Flare as an Indicator of Response to XXXX Treatment in @entity2994 : A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusion', 'retinal vein occlusions', 'RVO']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate aqueous flare change patterns in @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) following intravitreal application of @entity619 implant. To evaluate the correlations between @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and aqueous flare values. METHODS: This prospective, interventional pilot study included 40 eyes of 40 @entity1 with macular @entity4 associated with @entity2994 . All @entity1 received intravitreal injection of @entity619 implant at baseline visit. Full ophthalmologic examination, @entity1020 and aqueous flare measurements were performed prior to injection and repeated at months 1, 3, and 5. Aqueous flare, BCVA and @entity1020 changes between visits were assessed. Further statistical analysis was performed to investigate correlations between these three parameters. RESULTS: The @entity1 consist of 23 (57.5%) @entity1 and 17 (42.5%) @entity1 with a mean age of 65.7        6.2 years. Of the 40 eyes, 24 (60%) had @entity2994 and 16 (40%) had central @entity2994 . BCVA (log   MAR) was significantly correlated with aqueous flare at each visit (r   =   0.436, p      =   0.005; r   =   0.349, p   =   0.027; r   =   0.357, p   =   0.024; r   =   0.551, p   =   0.000, respectively). Flare values were also correlated with @entity1020 measurements in 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.324, p   =   0.042; r   =   0.556, p   =   0.000, respectively). Comparing the percentage change in @entity1020 and flare values over time, the change in @entity1020 from baseline to 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.441, p   =   0.004, r   =   0.448, p   =   0.004), from 1st month to 3rd and 5th months (r   =   0.441, p   =   0.004; r   =   0.461, p   =   0.003) and from 3rd month to 5th month were directly correlated with aqueous flare changes (r   =   0.584, p   =   0.000). Twenty-two eyes (55%) required second @entity619 implant application at 5th month. CONCLUSION: Considering the inflammatory base of @entity2994 , @entity619 implants effectively decreased the flare values in the anterior chamber. The @entity1020 change was directly correlated with aqueous flare values.

title: Aqueous Flare as an Indicator of Response to @entity619 Treatment in XXXX : A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that prehospital care teams that can provide advanced prehospital interventions may decrease the transit time through the @entity2613 to CT scan and subsequent surgery. This study is an exploratory analysis of data from the @entity542 Retrieval Trial (HIRT) examining the relationship between prehospital team type and time intervals during the prehospital and @entity2613 phases of management. METHODS: Three prehospital care models were compared; road paramedics, and two physician staffed @entity341 ( @entity341 ) - HIRT @entity341 and the Greater Sydney Area (GSA) @entity341 . Data on prehospital and @entity2613 time intervals for @entity1 who were randomised into the HIRT were extracted from the trial database. Additionally, data on interventions at the scene and in the @entity2613 , plus prehospital entrapment rate was also extracted. Subgroups of @entity1 that were not trapped or who were intubated at the scene were also specifically examined. RESULTS: A total of 3125 incidents were randomised in the trial yielding 505 cases with significant injury that were treated by road paramedics, 302 @entity1 treated by the HIRT @entity341 and 45 @entity1 treated by GSA @entity341 . The total time from emergency call to CT scan was non-significantly faster in the HIRT @entity341 group compared with road paramedics (medians of 1.9 hours vs. 2.1 hours P = 0.43) but the rate of prehospital intubation was 41% higher in the HIRT @entity341 group (46.4% vs. 5.3% P   <   0.001). Most time intervals for the GSA @entity341 were significantly longer with a regression analysis indicating that GSA @entity341 scene times were 13 (95% CI, 7-18) minutes longer than the HIRT @entity341 independent of injury severity, entrapment or interventions performed on scene. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that well-rehearsed and efficient interventions carried out on-scene, by a highly trained physician and paramedic team can allow earlier critical care treatment of severely injured @entity1 without increasing the time elapsed between injury and hospital-based intervention. There is also indication that role specialisation improves time intervals in physician staffed @entity341 which should be confirmed with purpose designed trials.

title: Prehospital response model and time to CT scan in blunt trauma @entity1 ; an exploratory analysis of data from the XXXX retrieval trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['HEMS', 'Helicopter Emergency Medical Services']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that prehospital care teams that can provide advanced prehospital interventions may decrease the transit time through the @entity2613 to CT scan and subsequent surgery. This study is an exploratory analysis of data from the @entity542 Retrieval Trial (HIRT) examining the relationship between prehospital team type and time intervals during the prehospital and @entity2613 phases of management. METHODS: Three prehospital care models were compared; road paramedics, and two physician staffed @entity341 ( @entity341 ) - HIRT @entity341 and the Greater Sydney Area (GSA) @entity341 . Data on prehospital and @entity2613 time intervals for @entity1 who were randomised into the HIRT were extracted from the trial database. Additionally, data on interventions at the scene and in the @entity2613 , plus prehospital entrapment rate was also extracted. Subgroups of @entity1 that were not trapped or who were intubated at the scene were also specifically examined. RESULTS: A total of 3125 incidents were randomised in the trial yielding 505 cases with significant injury that were treated by road paramedics, 302 @entity1 treated by the HIRT @entity341 and 45 @entity1 treated by GSA @entity341 . The total time from emergency call to CT scan was non-significantly faster in the HIRT @entity341 group compared with road paramedics (medians of 1.9 hours vs. 2.1 hours P = 0.43) but the rate of prehospital intubation was 41% higher in the HIRT @entity341 group (46.4% vs. 5.3% P   <   0.001). Most time intervals for the GSA @entity341 were significantly longer with a regression analysis indicating that GSA @entity341 scene times were 13 (95% CI, 7-18) minutes longer than the HIRT @entity341 independent of injury severity, entrapment or interventions performed on scene. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that well-rehearsed and efficient interventions carried out on-scene, by a highly trained physician and paramedic team can allow earlier critical care treatment of severely injured @entity1 without increasing the time elapsed between injury and hospital-based intervention. There is also indication that role specialisation improves time intervals in physician staffed @entity341 which should be confirmed with purpose designed trials.

title: Prehospital response model and time to CT scan in blunt trauma XXXX ; an exploratory analysis of data from the @entity542 retrieval trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Treatment of normal @entity35 with the thymothyroid hormone @entity72137 accelerates the rate at which the 'functional' cells, neutrophils, red blood cells and lymphocytes, develop in the bone marrow from their corresponding committed precursor cells. Following the initial treatment of normal @entity35 with @entity72137 , there is a temporary elevation in the bone marrow of the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts. It has now been found that bilaterally adrenalectomized @entity35 have a different response from normal @entity35 to treatment with @entity72137 . Although treatment of bilaterally adrenalectomized @entity35 with @entity72137 accelerates the rate of development of their functional cells, the initial injection of @entity72137 is followed by a temporary decrease in the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow. Additionally, adrenalectomized @entity35 treated concurrently with tritiated @entity1014 and @entity72137 show a significant lower percentage of labeled cells in their bone marrow than do correspondingly treated normal @entity35 . These results indicate that adrenalectomized @entity35 have a lower than normal concentration of stem cells in their bone marrow that can be committed to become functional cells. Treatment with @entity72138 , a new recently isolated heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, causes adrenalectomized @entity35 to respond as normal @entity35 to the injection of @entity72137 . There is a temporary elevation of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow as well as a normal increase in the percentage of cells that are labeled following concurrent treatment with tritiated @entity1014 and @entity72137 . It may be concluded that treatment with @entity72138 increases the rate of replication of uncommitted bone marrow stem cells while treatment with @entity72137 increases the rate at which committed cells develop into their respective functional cells. A scheme is presented to show the suggested roles that @entity72137 and @entity72138 play in regulating the formation of blood cells.

title: Roles of @entity72138 , a new heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, and XXXX , a thymothyroid hormone, in the formation of blood cells.

entities_list: @entity72137 :: ('MESH:D007932', 'Chemical') :: ['leucogenenol']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity72138 :: ('MESH:C045437', 'Chemical') :: ['adroxazine']

answer: @entity72137 :: (MESH:D007932,Chemical) :: ['leucogenenol']


abstract: Treatment of normal @entity35 with the thymothyroid hormone @entity72137 accelerates the rate at which the 'functional' cells, neutrophils, red blood cells and lymphocytes, develop in the bone marrow from their corresponding committed precursor cells. Following the initial treatment of normal @entity35 with @entity72137 , there is a temporary elevation in the bone marrow of the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts. It has now been found that bilaterally adrenalectomized @entity35 have a different response from normal @entity35 to treatment with @entity72137 . Although treatment of bilaterally adrenalectomized @entity35 with @entity72137 accelerates the rate of development of their functional cells, the initial injection of @entity72137 is followed by a temporary decrease in the relative concentrations of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow. Additionally, adrenalectomized @entity35 treated concurrently with tritiated @entity1014 and @entity72137 show a significant lower percentage of labeled cells in their bone marrow than do correspondingly treated normal @entity35 . These results indicate that adrenalectomized @entity35 have a lower than normal concentration of stem cells in their bone marrow that can be committed to become functional cells. Treatment with @entity72138 , a new recently isolated heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, causes adrenalectomized @entity35 to respond as normal @entity35 to the injection of @entity72137 . There is a temporary elevation of myeloblasts, rubriblasts and lymphoblasts in their bone marrow as well as a normal increase in the percentage of cells that are labeled following concurrent treatment with tritiated @entity1014 and @entity72137 . It may be concluded that treatment with @entity72138 increases the rate of replication of uncommitted bone marrow stem cells while treatment with @entity72137 increases the rate at which committed cells develop into their respective functional cells. A scheme is presented to show the suggested roles that @entity72137 and @entity72138 play in regulating the formation of blood cells.

title: Roles of XXXX , a new heterocyclic hormone of the adrenals, and @entity72137 , a thymothyroid hormone, in the formation of blood cells.

answer: @entity72138 :: (MESH:C045437,Chemical) :: ['adroxazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endobronchial @entity3 from extrapulmonary @entity5 are rare and often cause significant symptoms particularly when they present within the main bronchial tree. Cryotherapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of primary @entity5 of the endobronchial tree. This is the first detailed analysis of the application of cryotherapy to endobronchial @entity3 of extrapulmonary origin. This study assessed the role of endobronchial cryotherapy in the management of these @entity1 , including control of symptoms and improvement in endobronchial patency. METHODS: The details of 35 @entity1 treated over a 17-year period were reviewed. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 22 to 80 years. The @entity5 were mainly colorectal and renal. RESULTS: There were no perioperative or in- @entity1 deaths. Endobronchial cryotherapy was carried out as a day-case procedure in over 80% of cases. Of the 35 @entity1 , 30 (85%) reported a significant improvement in their main presenting symptom. In over half the @entity1 , endoluminal patency was increased by >= 50% following 1 treatment of cryotherapy. Survival ranged from 10 days to 4 years 8 months, with a median survival of 34 weeks. One-year survival was 37.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal cryotherapy gives rapid resolution of symptoms and can be carried out as a day-case procedure in the vast majority of @entity1 . We recommend that cryotherapy should be considered as a first-line palliation in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity3 to the endobronchial tree.

title: Endoluminal cryotherapy in the management of endobronchial XXXX of extrapulmonary origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'primary tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity2 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity1149 @entity1 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity1 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity1149 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity420 / @entity957 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity420 and @entity957 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity420 and @entity957 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity1178 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among @entity2 and XXXX @entity1 using a Cox-model based filter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'AC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity2 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity1149 @entity1 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity1 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity1149 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity420 / @entity957 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity420 and @entity957 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity420 and @entity957 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity1178 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among XXXX and @entity957 @entity1 using a Cox-model based filter.

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['early stage lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity2 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity1149 @entity1 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity1 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity1149 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity420 / @entity957 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity420 and @entity957 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity420 and @entity957 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity1178 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among @entity2 and @entity957 XXXX using a Cox-model based filter.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The meninges (dura, @entity8075 and @entity2443 ) are critical membranes encasing and protecting the brain within the skull. The leptomeninges, which comprise the @entity2443 and @entity8075 , have many functions beyond brain protection including roles in neurogenesis, @entity198 . Similarly, the choroid plexus plays important roles in normal brain function but is also involved in @entity198 . We have begun studying the role of @entity1 leptomeninges and @entity198 and leptomeninges in @entity2318 formation, using @entity1 brain derived explant cultures. To study the composition of the cells generated in these explants we undertook immunocytochemical characterisation. Cells, mainly pericytes and meningeal macrophages, emerge from leptomeningeal explants (LME's) and respond to inflammatory mediators by producing inflammatory molecules. LME-derived cells also respond to mechanical injury and cytokines, providing an in vitro @entity1 brain model of @entity2318 formation. Choroid plexus explants (CPE's) generate epithelial cells, pericytes and microglia/macrophages. CPE-derived cells also respond to inflammatory mediators. LME and CPE explants survive and generate cells for many months in vitro and provide a remarkable opportunity to study basic mechanisms of @entity1 @entity198 and @entity82 and to test human-active anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring treatments.

title: Studying XXXX Brain Inflammation in Leptomeningeal and Choroid Plexus Explant Cultures.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation', 'choroid plexus in brain inflammation', 'fibrotic scar formation and brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic scar']

entities_list: @entity2443 :: ('MESH:D001100', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity797 is a multifaceted microorganism known to act as a beneficial intestinal commensal bacterium. It is also a dreaded nosocomial pathogen causing life-threatening infections in hospitalised @entity1 . Isolates of a distinct MLST type ST40 represent the most frequent strain type of this species, distributed worldwide and originating from various sources (animal, @entity1 , environmental) and different conditions (colonisation/infection). Since enterococci are known to be highly recombinogenic we determined to analyse the microevolution and niche adaptation of this highly distributed clonal type. RESULTS: We compared a set of 42 ST40 isolates by assessing key molecular determinants, performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a number of phenotypic assays including resistance profiling, formation of biofilm and utilisation of @entity505 sources. We generated the first circular closed reference genome of an @entity797 isolate D32 of animal origin and compared it with the genomes of other reference strains. D32 was used as a template for detailed WGS comparisons of high-quality draft genomes of 14 ST40 isolates. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest a high level of similarity regarding the core genome, also demonstrated by similar @entity505 utilisation patterns. Distribution of known and putative virulence-associated genes did not differentiate between ST40 strains from a commensal and clinical background or an animal or @entity1 source. Further analyses of mobile genetic elements (MGE) revealed genomic diversity owed to: (1) a modularly structured pathogenicity island; (2) a site-specifically integrated and previously unknown genomic island of 138 kb in two strains putatively involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis; and (3) isolate-specific plasmid and phage patterns. Moreover, we used different cell-biological and animal experiments to compare the isolate D32 with a closely related ST40 @entity884 isolate whose draft genome sequence was also generated. D32 generally showed a greater capacity of adherence to @entity1 cell lines and an increased pathogenic potential in various animal models in combination with an even faster growth in vivo (not in vitro). CONCLUSION: Molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of representative isolates of a major clone of @entity797 MLST ST40 revealed new insights into the microbiology of a commensal bacterium which can turn into a conditional pathogen.

title: Comprehensive molecular, genomic and phenotypic analysis of a major clone of XXXX MLST ST40.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dialysis is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with cardiovascular and general abdominal surgery. The association between @entity5 @entity1 and dialysis was also studied, and in particular, the effects of dialysis on the postoperative outcomes of @entity14 which has not been widely reported in the literature. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, investigating preoperative dialysis status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: Among 42,403 @entity14 @entity1 , 265 @entity1 (0.6 %) were receiving dialysis. @entity1 undergoing dialysis had a higher risk of re-intubation (6.8 %, p   <   0.001), on ventilator-support more than 48 h (7.2 %, p   <   0.001), and @entity295 (7.2 %, p   <   0.05). Deep @entity281 (adjusted odds ratio   =   2.09), @entity55 (adjusted odds ratio   =   1.86), and @entity326 (adjusted odds ratio   =   1.9) were significantly associated with dialysis status. The postoperative mortality rate of dialysis @entity1 was 8.3 % (p   <   0.001) and had significant association in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio   =   1.63, p   =   0.026). Total length of hospital stay (coefficient   =   3.5, p   <   0.001) and overall complication (coefficient   =   0.134, p   <   0.001) were prominent in the dialysis groups. The rate of laparoscopic surgery in dialysis and non-dialysis @entity1 was 33 and 42 %, respectively (odds ratio   =   0.693, p   =   0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 , dialysis status significantly contributes to postoperative morbidity, length of total hospital stay, and mortality. In addition, the rates of preventable @entity358 were shown to require more careful attention in the hospital setting, and particularly in dialysis @entity1 . Preoperative dialysis @entity1 are less likely than non-dialysis @entity1 to undergo a minimally invasive approach.

title: Association of dialysis with adverse postoperative outcomes in XXXX -an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['infection and pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Childhood @entity2743 is not an uncommon illness, but there is a considerable relapse rate in these @entity1 on medical treatment. An attempt is made in this study to identify those markers that are predictive of a tendency to relapse in childhood @entity2743 . A total of 32 @entity1 with @entity2743 were included in the study. Several features were correlated with a tendency to relapse. Of these features, sex, family history, and antibody status were not significantly correlated to relapse. However, of 17 @entity1 with @entity5651 size two times normal or larger, 16 relapsed in comparison with seven relapses of 15 @entity1 with @entity5651 size less than two times normal (p = 0.0039). Of eight @entity1 without @entity6875 , only two relapsed, while 21 @entity1 of 24 @entity1 with @entity6875 , relapsed (p = 0.002). Of 13 patients with serum @entity1955 levels below 20 mcg/dl, six relapsed; of the 19 patients with serum @entity1955 levels above 20 mcg/dl, 17 relapsed (p = 0.039). Among 24 @entity1 with a previous relapse, only one achieved a remission with a second course of treatment. The remaining 23 @entity1 had recurrent relapses. Hence it was found that @entity5651 size, presence of @entity6875 , total @entity1955 levels, and a previous relapse correlated significantly with a further relapse.

title: Relapse markers in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Graves disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 were seen in the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre over a period of 11 years. Fifty per cent were @entity1821 , @entity1492 and @entity980 . The lower extremity was the commonest site involved, followed by the trunk. Treatment was in most cases surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall rate of local recurrence was 36%. Local failure was highest in @entity5 (66%). In @entity75 , local recurrence was higher in proximal sites than in distal sites. Twenty-eight per cent of the @entity1 had @entity3 , the lung being the commonest site (68%). The histological type had no bearing on local failure or dissemination. Histopathological grade was found to be an important prognostic indicator, both for @entity177 . The rates of local recurrence and @entity3 were lower in low grade than in high grade @entity5 .

title: Soft tissue XXXX in Kuwait: a review of 114 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extremity lesions']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['local failure and dissemination']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: One hundred and fourteen @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 were seen in the Kuwait Cancer Control Centre over a period of 11 years. Fifty per cent were @entity1821 , @entity1492 and @entity980 . The lower extremity was the commonest site involved, followed by the trunk. Treatment was in most cases surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall rate of local recurrence was 36%. Local failure was highest in @entity5 (66%). In @entity75 , local recurrence was higher in proximal sites than in distal sites. Twenty-eight per cent of the @entity1 had @entity3 , the lung being the commonest site (68%). The histological type had no bearing on local failure or dissemination. Histopathological grade was found to be an important prognostic indicator, both for @entity177 . The rates of local recurrence and @entity3 were lower in low grade than in high grade @entity5 .

title: Soft tissue @entity242 in Kuwait: a review of 114 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To report disease control, survival and treatment-associated @entity137 with the use of proton therapy (PRT) for re-irradiation of @entity9128 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 underwent 33 PRT re-irradiation courses for recurrent or metastatic lesions between June 2004 and February 2015 at Massachusetts General Hospital. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were female (60%), with @entity5 (90%), anaplastic histology (55%), and initially received 55.8 GyRBE (52.2-59.4) involved field (IF) PRT. First failure was local (55%), distant (30%) or both (15%) at a median time of 23.9months (9.9-98.5) from first treatment. Salvage therapy included re-resection (75%), chemotherapy (60%) and IFPRT (70%) to a median dose 50.4 GyRBE (35-55.8) in the majority of @entity1 . The median follow-up was 37.8months (5.5-138.0). Three year OS and PFS are 78.6% (95% CI 67.6-89.6) and 28.1% (95% CI 15.6-40.6), respectively. Longer OS was significantly associated with surgical resection of recurrent disease (HR 9.19, 95% CI 1.27-66.44, p=0.028). The pattern of second failure after re-irradiation was directly related to the pattern of first failure (p<0.01). Three of 14 @entity1 (21.4%) locally re-treated experienced grade 2 radiation-associated treatment change. CONCLUSIONS: Proton therapy appears safe and efficacious for the re-treatment of recurrent @entity9128 .

title: Use of proton therapy for re-irradiation in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial tumors']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['intracranial ependymoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for localized @entity1204 . However, relatively little is known about risk factors of post-treatment vaginal @entity850 (VS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We included @entity1 treated with brachytherapy for @entity1204 from September 2011 to January 2014 with at least 3 months of followup. @entity1 who received external beam radiation therapy were excluded. VS was prospectively graded at each followup visit per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03.   (2) and t test analyses were used to assess the association of VS with various @entity1 , @entity5 , treatment, and post-treatment factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of VS Grade >= 1 and >= 2. RESULTS: All 101 @entity1 were disease free at last followup. Mean followup was 12.9 months (range, 3-34). Highest VS grades were zero in 67%, one in 26%, two in 6%, and three in 1%. Borderline significant variables associated with Grade >= 1 VS included @entity8376 , proportion of vagina treated, and total dose. Dilator use was significantly associated with Grade >= 2. Multivariable analysis revealed that proportion of vagina treated >60% (odds ratio [OR], 3.48; p = 0.009) and total dose >14 Gy (OR, 4.27; p = 0.015) were independent predictors of Grade >= 1 VS, and lack of consistent dilator use was an independent predictor of Grade >= 2 VS (OR, 5.60; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with a higher total dose to a larger proportion of the vagina were more likely to develop Grade >= 1 VS. Consistent dilator use may also be protective against Grade >= 2 VS.

title: Predictors of vaginal XXXX after intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['vagina length']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy is an effective adjuvant treatment for localized @entity1204 . However, relatively little is known about risk factors of post-treatment vaginal @entity850 (VS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We included @entity1 treated with brachytherapy for @entity1204 from September 2011 to January 2014 with at least 3 months of followup. @entity1 who received external beam radiation therapy were excluded. VS was prospectively graded at each followup visit per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03.   (2) and t test analyses were used to assess the association of VS with various @entity1 , @entity5 , treatment, and post-treatment factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of VS Grade >= 1 and >= 2. RESULTS: All 101 @entity1 were disease free at last followup. Mean followup was 12.9 months (range, 3-34). Highest VS grades were zero in 67%, one in 26%, two in 6%, and three in 1%. Borderline significant variables associated with Grade >= 1 VS included @entity8376 , proportion of vagina treated, and total dose. Dilator use was significantly associated with Grade >= 2. Multivariable analysis revealed that proportion of vagina treated >60% (odds ratio [OR], 3.48; p = 0.009) and total dose >14 Gy (OR, 4.27; p = 0.015) were independent predictors of Grade >= 1 VS, and lack of consistent dilator use was an independent predictor of Grade >= 2 VS (OR, 5.60; p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with a higher total dose to a larger proportion of the vagina were more likely to develop Grade >= 1 VS. Consistent dilator use may also be protective against Grade >= 2 VS.

title: Predictors of vaginal @entity850 after intravaginal high-dose-rate brachytherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Development of the soil amoeba @entity4328 is triggered by starvation. When placed on a solid substrate, the starving solitary amoebae cease growth, communicate via extracellular @entity268 , aggregate by tens of thousands and develop into multicellular organisms. Early phases of the developmental program are often studied in cells starved in suspension while @entity268 is provided exogenously. Previous studies revealed massive shifts in the transcriptome under both developmental conditions and a close relationship between gene expression and morphogenesis, but were limited by the sampling frequency and the resolution of the methods. RESULTS: Here, we combine the superior depth and specificity of RNA-seq-based analysis of mRNA abundance with high frequency sampling during filter development and @entity268 pulsing in suspension. We found that the developmental transcriptome exhibits mostly gradual changes interspersed by a few instances of large shifts. For each time point we treated the entire transcriptome as single phenotype, and were able to characterize development as groups of similar time points separated by gaps. The grouped time points represented gradual changes in mRNA abundance, or molecular phenotype, and the gaps represented times during which many genes are differentially expressed rapidly, and thus the phenotype changes dramatically. Comparing developmental experiments revealed that gene expression in filter developed cells lagged behind those treated with exogenous @entity268 in suspension. The high sampling frequency revealed many genes whose regulation is reproducibly more complex than indicated by previous studies. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis suggested that the transition to multicellularity coincided with rapid accumulation of transcripts associated with DNA processes and mitosis. Later development included the up-regulation of organic signaling molecules and co-factor biosynthesis. Our analysis also demonstrated a high level of synchrony among the developing structures throughout development. CONCLUSIONS: Our data describe @entity4328 development as a series of coordinated cellular and multicellular activities. Coordination occurred within fields of aggregating cells and among multicellular bodies, such as mounds or migratory slugs that experience both cell-cell contact and various soluble signaling regimes. These time courses, sampled at the highest temporal resolution to date in this system, provide a comprehensive resource for studies of developmental gene expression.

title: Leaps and lulls in the developmental transcriptome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['D. discoideum', 'Dictyostelium discoideum']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that @entity1547 and @entity1547 experience in primary dentitions has increased over 4 years and to compare the presence of plaque on permanent teeth in @entity1 cohorts over 4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A time-lag study design was used comprising two cohorts of @entity1 aged 7 years from the same five primary schools in Wuhan examined in 2007 and 2011. Two calibrated examiners visually assessed plaque accumulation according to the Greene and Vermillion Index and the dentitions according to the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) @entity1547 criteria. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), logistic regression, and Chi-square test were used to test for differences between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: The 2007 sample consisted of 817 @entity1 and the 2011 sample consisted of 1010 @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1547 (d3mft) was 68.2% in 2007 and 67.7% in 2011, while that of d2mft was 78.5% in 2007 and 71.4% in 2011 (P < 0.0006). The mean d3mft score was 2.8 in 2007 and 3.1 in 2011 (P = 0.046), while the mean d3mfs score was 4.9 in 2007 and 7.3 in 2011 (P < 0.0001). The d3-component of the d3mft index was 73% in 2007 and 69% in 2011, while the f-component was 22% in 2007 and 26% in 2011. The hypothesis was not accepted. The proportion of @entity1 with plaque code 3 (extensive coverage) was higher in 2011 (21.8%) than in age mates in 2007 (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS: There were no obvious signs that @entity1547 had been increased in primary dentitions of this @entity1 population between 2007 and 2011. But as the mean @entity1547 experience scores at the surface level were higher in 2011 than in 2007, monitoring @entity1547 prevalence remains essential, but should start at an earlier age than that covered by this study. Health and educational authorities should collaborate in setting up programs aimed at ensuring good oral health for school @entity1 .

title: Caries experience in the primary dentition and presence of plaque in 7-year-old Chinese XXXX : A 4-year time-lag study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['caries', 'dental caries prevalence', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Various pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) techniques have been devised to minimize the rate of postoperative @entity3472 (POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). This study describes a modification of the mattress suture PJ technique, which we call "inverted mattress PJ (IM)". The results of an IM group and a historical consecutive control group were compared to determine how the IM technique affected POPF. METHODS: From 2003 to 2010, 186 consecutive @entity1 underwent PD. A former group of 52 consecutive @entity1 who underwent conventional @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) was used as a historical control group. The IM technique was utilized for the IM group (134 @entity1 ). The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of the 2 groups were compared, with a particular focus on postoperative POPFs. RESULTS: The average surgery duration was shorter in the IM group (580.3 minutes vs. 471 minutes, P < 0.001). Grades B and C POPFs occurred less frequently in the IM group, but the difference was not statistically significant (17.3% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.200). However, no grade C POPF occurred in the IM group compared with 5.8% of grade C POPFs (3/52) in the @entity1157 group (P = 0.020). Three @entity1 died (1 in the @entity1157 group and 2 in the IM group). The causes of @entity204 were @entity943 in 2 cases and @entity295 in 1 case. POPF was not causally related to the 3 deaths. CONCLUSION: IM end-to-side PJ shortened operation time and increased safety with no incidence of grade C POPF.

title: The effects of the end-to-side inverted mattress XXXX : a single surgeon's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Candida sepsis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'duct-to-mucosa PJ']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity3472 :: (MESH:D010185,Disease) :: ['pancreaticojejunostomy on postoperative pancreatic fistula']


abstract: Although grading of @entity43 is widely performed, the criteria for each grade are not well defined; as a result, pathologists tend to establish their own criteria without, however, assessing the actual predictive value of the criteria. In order to investigate this relationship, four gynecologic pathologists independently reviewed and carefully graded as benign, borderline or malignant (grade I, II or III) 40 "common" @entity5 of the ovary, without reference to clinical, prognostic or other findings. Intermediate grades were allowed. Subsequently, a subjective grading form was completed for each case; the form contained questions regarding the histologic and cytologic features. The sets of features with the biggest correlation with the @entity5 grades differed among the pathologists. This may indicate that the observers use different features in their grading processes. Moreover, the pathologist with the highest number (five) of significant microscopic features in the multivariate model had the lowest coefficient of correlation between his @entity5 grade and his feature set. The correlation coefficients for the other pathologists were quite similar, although the features used (no more than two or three) varied. The @entity1 in the study felt that the methodologic approach had an educational value for them. Further investigations are required to evaluate whether the differences in the underlying decision making process also result in @entity11962 in @entity43 grading.

title: Grading XXXX . Evaluation of decision making by different pathologists.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['frank disagreement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contributes to @entity66 formation that inhibits the repair path after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). We examined whether treatment with N-   (2-   chloroethyl)-   5Z,   8Z,   11Z,   14Z-   eicosatetraenamide (ACEA), a selective synthetic cannabinoid receptor ( @entity14650 R) agonist, inhibits MMP and improves functional and histological recovery in a @entity19 spinal cord compression injury model. Injured @entity19 randomly received either intraperitoneal ACEA (3mg/kg/day) or vehicle for up to 3 weeks. Behavioral, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Rotarod assessment and the Basso @entity19 Scale score showed an improved performance following ACEA treatment concomitant with a decrease in compression lesion volume. @entity1235 and @entity5780 activity was measured at 1, 7 and 14 days post- @entity1566 . @entity1566 markedly increased @entity1235 , but had negligible effect on @entity5780 activity. ACEA-treatment decreased @entity1235 activity by 80%, 49%, and 56%, respectively (P<0.05) and had a smaller effect on @entity5780 activity. The @entity14650 antagonist SR141716, but not the @entity14651 antagonist SR144528, blocked ACEA-mediated decrease in @entity1235 activity confirming the role of the @entity14650 in the process. Collectively these data demonstrate that post-injury @entity14650 agonism can improve @entity1566 outcome and also indicate marked attenuation of @entity1235 proteolytic enzyme activity as a biochemical mechanism.

title: XXXX cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in @entity1566 : A possible mechanism of improved recovery.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity14650 :: (12801(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CB1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity contributes to @entity66 formation that inhibits the repair path after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). We examined whether treatment with N-   (2-   chloroethyl)-   5Z,   8Z,   11Z,   14Z-   eicosatetraenamide (ACEA), a selective synthetic cannabinoid receptor ( @entity14650 R) agonist, inhibits MMP and improves functional and histological recovery in a @entity19 spinal cord compression injury model. Injured @entity19 randomly received either intraperitoneal ACEA (3mg/kg/day) or vehicle for up to 3 weeks. Behavioral, histological and biochemical assays were performed. Rotarod assessment and the Basso @entity19 Scale score showed an improved performance following ACEA treatment concomitant with a decrease in compression lesion volume. @entity1235 and @entity5780 activity was measured at 1, 7 and 14 days post- @entity1566 . @entity1566 markedly increased @entity1235 , but had negligible effect on @entity5780 activity. ACEA-treatment decreased @entity1235 activity by 80%, 49%, and 56%, respectively (P<0.05) and had a smaller effect on @entity5780 activity. The @entity14650 antagonist SR141716, but not the @entity14651 antagonist SR144528, blocked ACEA-mediated decrease in @entity1235 activity confirming the role of the @entity14650 in the process. Collectively these data demonstrate that post-injury @entity14650 agonism can improve @entity1566 outcome and also indicate marked attenuation of @entity1235 proteolytic enzyme activity as a biochemical mechanism.

title: @entity14650 cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in XXXX : A possible mechanism of improved recovery.

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity460 -dependent @entity462 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity3478 ( @entity3478 ). In the present study, @entity31240 was applied in a @entity35 @entity3478 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity3478 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity35 @entity3478 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity31240 III ( @entity30211 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity31240 's effect on @entity5 bone @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity158 behavioral tests in @entity35 showed that the @entity31240 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity31240 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31240 can effectively reduce @entity3478 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity5 injection in a @entity35 @entity3478 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity9248 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity31240 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity3478 needs further investigation.

title: XXXX Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity35 Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Model.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity9248 :: ('117516(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity31240 :: ('25403(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['calpain inhibitor', 'Calpain inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-induced bone pain', 'CIBP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity31240 :: (25403(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Calpain Inhibitor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity460 -dependent @entity462 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity3478 ( @entity3478 ). In the present study, @entity31240 was applied in a @entity35 @entity3478 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity3478 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity35 @entity3478 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity31240 III ( @entity30211 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity31240 's effect on @entity5 bone @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity158 behavioral tests in @entity35 showed that the @entity31240 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity31240 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31240 can effectively reduce @entity3478 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity5 injection in a @entity35 @entity3478 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity9248 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity31240 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity3478 needs further investigation.

title: @entity31240 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone XXXX Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity35 Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Model.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity460 -dependent @entity462 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity3478 ( @entity3478 ). In the present study, @entity31240 was applied in a @entity35 @entity3478 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity3478 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity35 @entity3478 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity31240 III ( @entity30211 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity31240 's effect on @entity5 bone @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity158 behavioral tests in @entity35 showed that the @entity31240 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity31240 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31240 can effectively reduce @entity3478 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity5 injection in a @entity35 @entity3478 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity9248 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity31240 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity3478 needs further investigation.

title: @entity31240 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in @entity35 Cancer-induced Bone XXXX Model.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calpain, a @entity460 -dependent @entity462 protease, has been demonstrated to regulate osteoclastogenesis, which is considered one of the major reasons for @entity3478 ( @entity3478 ). In the present study, @entity31240 was applied in a @entity35 @entity3478 model to determine whether it could reduce @entity3478 through regulation of osteoclastogenesis activity. METHODS: A @entity35 @entity3478 model was established with intratibial injection of Walker 256 cells. Then, the efficacy of intraperitoneal administered @entity31240 III ( @entity30211 , 1 mg/kg) on mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of bilateral hind paws was examined on postoperative days (PODs) 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14. On POD 14, the @entity31240 's effect on @entity5 bone @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain and radiology was also carefully investigated. RESULTS: @entity158 behavioral tests in @entity35 showed that the @entity31240 effectively attenuated MWTs of both the surgical side and contralateral side hind paws on POD 5, 8, and 11 (P < 0.05). TRAP-positive cell count of the surgical side bone was significantly decreased in the @entity31240 group compared with the vehicle group (P < 0.05). However, bone resorption and destruction measured by radiographs showed no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31240 can effectively reduce @entity3478 of both the surgical side and nonsurgical side after @entity5 injection in a @entity35 @entity3478 model. It may be due to the inhibition of @entity9248 -induced osteoclastogenesis. Whether a @entity31240 could be a novel therapeutic target to treat @entity3478 needs further investigation.

title: @entity31240 Reduces Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Possibly Through Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis in XXXX Cancer-induced Bone @entity158 Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study reviewed all cases reported of isolated @entity79 in the head and neck of pediatric @entity1 . The objective was to create a treatment algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and management of these lesions. DATA SOURCES: Eligible articles were identified through a comprehensive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS: Two authors independently reviewed the titles and abstracts retrieved by the electronic search concordant with the criteria for study eligibility. The lists of articles from each author were jointly reviewed and a common list created. All relevant articles were reviewed in hard copies and as full texts to justify inclusion. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity1 (67% male, mean age: 8.1    4.3 years) were included from 45 studies. Clinical presentations included swelling (64%), @entity158 (9%), or both (18%). The skull (61%) and the orbit (24%) were the most common location for isolated @entity79 in the head and neck. The most frequently documented management option was resection, followed by observation, chemotherapy, and intralesional @entity479 injection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity and variability in presentation and severity, treatment of these lesions has yet to be standardized. Based on the review, a diagnosis and treatment algorithm was created for head and neck surgeons when encountering these types of lesions.

title: Isolated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Bone Lesion in Pediatric XXXX : Systematic Review and Treatment Algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis bone lesions', 'bone lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes of very late stent @entity715 (VLST) after implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES) are still unclear. The aim was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after VLST of DES, and to analyze the related factors of long-term outcomes in these @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2006 to February 2013, @entity1 with angiographically defined VLST were studied. The clinical characteristics, angiography and interventional data, and anti-platelet therapy protocols were analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) during follow-up. The clinical and interventional data between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 were enrolled consisting of 55 males and 7 females with an average age of 58.6  10.2 (41-82) years. The mean time from first implantation of DES to occurrence of VLST was 38.7  18.1 (12.5-84) months. One @entity1 died in hospital. Sixty-one @entity1 survived to discharge, and MACE occurred in 17 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 32.1  19.1 (median: 44, range 5-88) months. The total MACE rate was 29.0% (18/62), and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the estimated MACE-free survival was 45.1%. The rate of implantation of an additional first-generation DES during the first VLST in the group with events was higher (44.4% vs.11.4%, respectively, p=0.007). The percentage of continuous dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at the longest available follow-up was higher in the event-free group (27.8% vs. 75.0%, respectively, p=0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the only independent predictors for freedom of MACE during long-term follow-up was continuous DAPT at the longest available follow-up [hazard ratio (HR)=0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.97, p=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcomes after VLST were unfavorable. Implantation of an additional first-generation DES might be avoided, and DAPT should be continued.

title: Long-term outcomes following very late stent XXXX of drug-eluting stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: @entity14 perforation is a life-threatening complication of this disease. However, little is known about the anatomopathological factors or pathophysiologic mechanisms involved.Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of factors related with tumoral neo-angiogenesis, which could influence @entity5 perforation are assessed in this study. A retrospective study of @entity1 with perforated @entity694 (Group P) and T4a nonperforated (controls) was conducted between 2001 and 2010. Histological variables (differentiation, vascular invasion, and location) and immunohistochemical ( @entity2279 , Growth Endothelial Vascular Factor ( @entity7 ) and @entity876 ) related with @entity5 angiogenesis were analyzed.Of 2189 @entity1 , 100 (4.56%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 49 @entity1 had nonperforated (2.23%) and 51 had perforated @entity5 (2.32%). The P group had lower number of right-sided @entity5 (7/51, 13.7%) compared with controls (13/49, 36.7%) (P=.01). The high-grade @entity5 (undifferentiated) represented only 3.9% of the perforated @entity5 ; the remaining 96.1% were well differentiated (P=.01). No differences between groups in the frequency of @entity876 mutation or @entity7 and @entity2279 expression were found. In the P group, only 2 (3.9%) had vascular invasion (P=.01). Of the 12 @entity5 with vascular invasion, only 2 were perforated (16.6%). The median number of metastatic lymph-nodes in P Group was 0 versus 3 in controls (Z=-4.2; P<.01).Pathological analysis of variables that indirectly measure the presence of @entity5 angiogenesis (differentiation, vascular invasion, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes) shows a relationship between this and the perforation, location, and @entity5 differentiation. We could not directly validate our hypothesis, by immunohistochemistry of @entity876 , @entity7 , and @entity2279 , that perforated @entity5 exhibit less angiogenesis.

title: Clinicopathological analysis of factors related to XXXX perforation: influence of angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: Mortality up to 1 January 1983 has been studied in 14,106 @entity1 with @entity1691 given a single course of X-ray treatment during 1935-54. For @entity5 other than @entity1778 or @entity694 , mortality was 28% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales, and this increase is likely to have been a direct consequence of the treatment. The proportional increase reached a maximum of 71% between 10.0 and 12.4 years after irradiation and then declined. There was only a 7% increase in mortality from these @entity5 more than 25.0 years after irradiation and only for @entity5 of the oesophagus was the relative risk significantly raised in this period. Neither the magnitude of the relative risk, nor its temporal pattern following treatment, were greatly influenced by the age of the @entity1 at first treatment. For @entity1778 there was a threefold increase in mortality that is also likely to have been due to the radiotherapy. The relative risk was at its highest between 2.5 and 4.9 years after the treatment and then declined, but the increase did not disappear completely, and the risk was still nearly twice that of the general population more than 25.0 years after treatment. There was some evidence that the risks of acute myeloid, acute lymphatic, and @entity1860 were all increased, but no evidence of any @entity1072 . The relative risk appeared to be greatest for @entity3052 . For @entity694 , which is associated with @entity1511 through a common association with @entity31 , mortality was increased by 30%. For non-neoplastic conditions there was a 51% increase in mortality that was likely to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. The increase was apparent for a wide range of diseases and was not confined to diseases that have been associated clinically with @entity1691 .

title: Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in @entity1 treated for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['increase in chronic lymphatic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: Mortality up to 1 January 1983 has been studied in 14,106 @entity1 with @entity1691 given a single course of X-ray treatment during 1935-54. For @entity5 other than @entity1778 or @entity694 , mortality was 28% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales, and this increase is likely to have been a direct consequence of the treatment. The proportional increase reached a maximum of 71% between 10.0 and 12.4 years after irradiation and then declined. There was only a 7% increase in mortality from these @entity5 more than 25.0 years after irradiation and only for @entity5 of the oesophagus was the relative risk significantly raised in this period. Neither the magnitude of the relative risk, nor its temporal pattern following treatment, were greatly influenced by the age of the @entity1 at first treatment. For @entity1778 there was a threefold increase in mortality that is also likely to have been due to the radiotherapy. The relative risk was at its highest between 2.5 and 4.9 years after the treatment and then declined, but the increase did not disappear completely, and the risk was still nearly twice that of the general population more than 25.0 years after treatment. There was some evidence that the risks of acute myeloid, acute lymphatic, and @entity1860 were all increased, but no evidence of any @entity1072 . The relative risk appeared to be greatest for @entity3052 . For @entity694 , which is associated with @entity1511 through a common association with @entity31 , mortality was increased by 30%. For non-neoplastic conditions there was a 51% increase in mortality that was likely to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. The increase was apparent for a wide range of diseases and was not confined to diseases that have been associated clinically with @entity1691 .

title: Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in XXXX treated for @entity1691 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To provide a consensus clinical guideline for management of @entity2194 associated with Sj  gren disease by evaluating published treatments and recommending management options. DESIGN: Consensus panel evaluation of reported treatments for @entity2194 . METHODS: Using the 2007 Report of the International Workshop on @entity936 (DEWS) as a starting point, a panel of eye care providers and consultants evaluated peer-reviewed publications and developed recommendations for evaluation and management of @entity2194 associated with Sj  gren disease. Publications were graded according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern guidelines for level of evidence. Strength of recommendation was according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS: The recommendations of the panel are briefly summarized herein. Evaluation should include symptoms of both discomfort and visual disturbance as well as determination of the relative contribution of @entity3749 and evaporative loss of tear volume. Objective parameters of tear film stability, tear osmolarity, degree of lid margin disease, and ocular surface damage should be used to stage severity of @entity2194 to assist in selecting appropriate treatment options. @entity1 education with regard to the nature of the problem, aggravating factors, and goals of treatment is critical to successful management. Tear supplementation and stabilization, control of @entity32 of the lacrimal glands and ocular surface, and possible stimulation of tear production are treatment options that are used according to the character and severity of @entity2194 . SUMMARY: Management guidelines for @entity936 associated with Sj  gren's disease are presented.

title: Clinical Guidelines for Management of XXXX Associated with Sj  gren Disease.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous production deficiency']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['Dry Eye', 'dry eye']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity3657 are at risk for @entity63 and amputation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased and predictive for coronary and cerebrovascular events in several high cardiovascular risk groups. We hypothesized that accumulation of tissue advanced glycation end products, measured by @entity272 ( @entity272 ), predicts amputation in @entity1 with @entity3657 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2008, 252 @entity1 with @entity3657 were included at the outpatient clinic. During a 5-year follow-up, 22 (9%) had an amputation because of @entity63 . Competing risk analysis showed a subproportional hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-4.96); P<0.0001 for amputation per unit of @entity272 . After correction for @entity6 and Fontaine stage, subproportional hazard ratio was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.38-5.39); P=0.004. In @entity1 with Fontaine stage I and II only (n=215), @entity272 was the only predictor for amputation, subproportional hazard ratio, 4.05 (95% CI, 2.09-7.83); P<0.0001. Fontaine stage multiplied by @entity272 resulted in a significant increase of the area under the curve for prediction of amputation when compared with Fontaine stage only: area under the curve increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92); P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence, as a measure of tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, predicts amputation in @entity1 with @entity3657 during a 5-year follow-up, independent from the presence of @entity6 and Fontaine stage. Even at lower Fontaine stage (I or II), @entity272 is a strong predictor of amputation. The multiplication of Fontaine stage by @entity272 results in a good prediction model of amputation.

title: Skin Autofluorescence as a Measure of Advanced Glycation End Products Deposition Predicts 5-Year Amputation in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SAF', 'skin autofluorescence']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Artery Disease']