abstract: UNASSIGNED: Placebo response can be defined as any therapeutic change on placebo, while the nocebo response is any ill effect during placebo exposure. Several meta-analytic approaches have investigated the extent of placebo response in randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials of @entity1625 . Placebo response rates (proportion of @entity1 with >= 50% improvement of @entity410 versus baseline) ranging from 9.9% up to 15.2% have been reported. Interestingly, a sham response of 15.8% has been noted in trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Recently, nocebo response rates of 60.3% and 3.9% were noted, which were defined as the proportion of @entity1 with adverse events (AEs) and those withdrawing because of intolerable AEs, respectively. Factors which were found to influence placebo response were as follows: the year of publication (with more recent studies showing higher rates of placebo response), some clinical characteristics of recruited @entity1 (lower placebo response rates with a history of 7 or more prior lifetime AEDs, a high baseline @entity410 frequency, prior @entity302 surgery, and higher age at diagnosis), trial design and statistical analysis, and whether studies have been conducted in @entity1 or adults. Furthermore, placebo and nocebo rates were correlated with respective @entity410 outcome and adverse events of the experimental AED. Several mechanisms of placebo and nocebo responses are discussed. Specifically, the role of positive or negative expectations of @entity1 and of investigators may influence the placebo and the nocebo response. Finally, recommendations are given on how to address placebo and nocebo responses in clinical practice.

title: Placebo and nocebo responses in drug trials of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 ( @entity834 ) represents a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery, with a prevalence of 1-19 per cent. There remains a lack of consensus regarding factors that may predispose to @entity834 and the relative risks associated with them. The objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature, focusing on the role of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the development of @entity14 . METHODS: A systematic review was performed to identify adjustable and non-adjustable preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the pathogenesis of @entity834 . Additionally, a severity grading system was proposed to guide treatment. RESULTS: Of 1707 papers screened, 451 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review. Significant preoperative risk factors were: male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists fitness grade above II, @entity8 , co-morbidity and history of radiotherapy. Tumour-related factors were: distal site, size larger than 3   cm, advanced stage, emergency surgery and metastatic disease. Adjustable risk factors were: smoking, @entity28 , poor nutrition, @entity285 excess, immunosuppressants and bevacizumab. Intraoperative risk factors were: @entity190 /transfusion and duration of surgery more than 4   h. Stomas lessen the consequences but not the prevalence of @entity834 . In the postoperative period, CT is the most commonly used imaging tool, with or without rectal contrast, and a @entity1851 level exceeding 150   mg/l on day 3-5 is the most sensitive biochemical marker. A five-level classification system for @entity834 severity and appropriate management is presented. CONCLUSION: Specific risk factors and their potential correction or indications for stoma were identified. An @entity834 severity score is proposed to aid clinical decision-making.

title: Systematic review of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal ALs']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal anastomotic leaks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mesh fixation technique in laparoscopic incisional @entity547 repair may influence the rates of @entity547 and @entity1118 . This study investigated the long-term risk of recurrence and @entity1118 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic incisional @entity547 repair with either absorbable or non-absorbable tacks for mesh fixation. METHODS: This was a nationwide consecutive cohort study based on data collected prospectively concerning perioperative information and clinical follow-up. @entity1 undergoing primary, elective, laparoscopic incisional @entity547 repair with absorbable or non-absorbable tack fixation during a 4-year interval were included. Follow-up was by a structured questionnaire regarding recurrence and @entity1118 , supplemented by clinical examination, and CT when indicated. Recurrence was defined as either reoperation for recurrence or clinical/radiological recurrence. RESULTS: Of 1037 eligible @entity1 , 84  9 per cent responded to the questionnaire, and 816 were included for analysis. The median observation time for the cohort was 40 (range 0-72) months. The cumulative recurrence-free survival rate was 71  5 and 82  0 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0  007). In multivariable analysis, the use of absorbable tacks was an independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio 1  53, 95 per cent c.i. 1  11 to 2  09; P = 0  008). The rate of moderate or severe @entity1118 was 15  3 and 16  1 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0  765). CONCLUSION: Absorbable tack fixation of the mesh was associated with a higher risk of recurrence than non-absorbable tacks for laparoscopic mesh repair of incisional @entity547 , but did not influence @entity1118 .

title: Recurrence rate after absorbable tack fixation of mesh in laparoscopic incisional XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The United States is experiencing an epidemic of @entity1445 ( @entity4968 ) @entity204 . Since 2000, the rate of @entity204 from drug @entity1445 has increased 137%, including a 200% increase in the rate of @entity1445 @entity204 involving opioids ( @entity158 relievers and @entity4521 ). CDC analyzed recent multiple cause-of- @entity204 mortality data to examine current trends and characteristics of @entity1445 , including the types of opioids associated with @entity1445 . During 2014, a total of 47,055 @entity1445 occurred in the United States, representing a 1-year increase of 6.5%, from 13.8 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2013 to 14.7 per 100,000 @entity1 in 2014. The rate of @entity1445 increased significantly for both sexes, @entity1 aged 25-44 years and >= 55 years, @entity3257 , and in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. Rates of opioid @entity1445 @entity204 also increased significantly, from 7.9 per 100,000 in 2013 to 9.0 per 100,000 in 2014, a 14% increase. Historically, CDC has programmatically characterized all @entity158 reliever @entity204 (natural and semisynthetic opioids, @entity284 , and other synthetic opioids) as "prescription" opioid @entity1445 (1). Between 2013 and 2014, the age-adjusted rate of @entity204 involving @entity284 remained unchanged; however, the age-adjusted rate of @entity204 involving natural and semisynthetic @entity158 relievers, @entity4521 , and synthetic opioids, other than @entity284 (e.g., @entity3575 ) increased 9%, 26%, and 80%, respectively. The sharp increase in @entity204 involving synthetic opioids, other than @entity284 , in 2014 coincided with law enforcement reports of increased availability of illicitly manufactured @entity3575 , a synthetic opioid; however, illicitly manufactured @entity3575 cannot be distinguished from prescription @entity3575 in @entity204 certificate data. These findings indicate that the opioid @entity1445 epidemic is worsening. There is a need for continued action to prevent @entity4784 , @entity734 , and @entity204 , improve treatment capacity for @entity4784 , and reduce the supply of illicit opioids, particularly @entity4521 and illicit @entity3575 .

title: Increases in Drug and Opioid XXXX Deaths - United States, 2000-2014.

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse', 'opioid use disorders']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['opioid pain']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['drug overdose', 'overdoses', 'overdose', 'drug overdose deaths']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['Overdose']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knee dislocations can cause significant damage to intra-articular knee structures, but currently there are limited data reporting articular cartilage and @entity130 in this setting. The purpose of this study is to (1) report the rate of concomitant intra-articular injuries at the time of multiligament reconstruction for @entity3031 , (2) determine whether the pattern of @entity130 is associated with the presence of chondral and @entity130 , and (3) assess the relationship between timing of surgery and incidence of chondral and @entity130 . METHODS: The records of @entity1 who sustained a @entity3031 between 1992 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 included for further review had a PCL-based multiligament knee injury or a minimum of three disrupted ligaments, both indicative of @entity3031 . @entity1 demographics, @entity130 patterns, @entity937 and @entity130 at arthroscopy, and interval from injury to surgery were recorded. Early surgical intervention was defined as <3  months, delayed was between 3 and 12  months, and chronic was >12  months. Data analysis compared @entity130 pattern with chondral and @entity130 , as well as the rates of @entity130 by timing of surgery. RESULTS: One-hundred and twenty-one @entity1 (122 knees) were included (93 males, 28 females) with a median age at time of surgery of 31  years (range 15-62). Ninety-three knees (76  %) had associated chondral or @entity130 . Sixty-seven knees (55  %) presented with @entity937 (26 isolated medial, 27 isolated lateral, and 14 combined medial/lateral), while 52 knees (48  %) had @entity16 , most commonly in the medial compartment. Schenck classification as well as side of injury did not demonstrate consistent relationships with @entity130 . A higher incidence of damage to the lateral femoral condyle (20  % vs 3  %; p  =  0.02), lateral tibial plateau (20  % vs 2  %; p  <  0.01), and patella (40  % vs 13  %; p  =  0.01) was found in the chronic group compared to the early group. The chronic group contained significantly more @entity1 with bicompartmental and @entity75 (25  % vs 6  %; p  =  0.03 and 10  % vs 0  %; p  =  0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity937 and @entity16 occur frequently in @entity1 with a @entity3031 . A longer interval from injury to surgical reconstruction is associated with higher rates of articular cartilage lesions, especially in multiple compartments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: XXXX and articular cartilage damage in the dislocated knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Meniscal tears', 'meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tricompartmental chondral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['chondral damage']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injuries', 'ligament injury', 'intra-articular injury', 'meniscal injury', 'chondral injuries']

answer: @entity937 :: (MESH:D012167,Disease) :: ['Meniscal tears']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is the first cause of disability in adults. Often, the care falls on the family and can affect their quality of life. AIM: To determine the health-related quality of life and the level of caregiver burden of a @entity1 after a @entity64 . METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. Caregivers, who had cared for a @entity1 for more than six months and without pay, were included. This study had been approved by the Ethics Committee. Variables collected: sociodemographic, EuroQol-5D questionnaire, Zarit scale, mood and sleep problems. RESULTS: Forty-eight caregivers were included, with a mean age of 55.63 (SD: 13.48) and the majority were @entity1 (70.8%). The mean time of the care was 28.8 months (SD: 28.68), with 58% stated having a depressed mood, 31% had burden, and 89.6% had sleep problems. The dimensions that presented problems (moderate and severe) in the EQ-5D were @entity158 (66.7%) and @entity308 (68.8%). The score on the visual analog scale rating of quality of life was associated with a worse mood (75.5 vs. 32, p=0.0028), with the @entity158 (81.94 vs. 38, p<0.001), and Zarit scale (r:<0.334, p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: The role of caregivers of @entity64 @entity1 often falls on @entity1 . To be a caregiver affects the quality of life, mainly in the @entity158 and @entity308 dimensions, regardless of the functional status of the @entity1 . Nurses must identify the psychopathological needs and develop strategies on the prevention of the risk of burnout.

title: [Impact on quality of life in caregivers of XXXX survivors.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-depression']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-discomfort', 'pain']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: This report determines if the classic Romhilt-Estes score would predict better if points for its components were determined using a Cox hazard model and if the Cornell voltage criteria should replace the original criteria. Of the 20,903 subjects, the mean age was 43    10 years and 90.6% were @entity1 . The mean follow-up for the population was 17  years, with 881 @entity65 ; they were tested from 1987 to 1999 and followed until 2013. The new score was created with multipliers based on the Cox hazards of its elements with age bracket and gender included. The Cornell criteria were analyzed individually using Cox hazards with and without adjustments for age, gender, and African-American ethnicity and  subsequently incorporated into the new score for analysis. For the new score, all 7 components were significant predictors of @entity65 with gender producing the greatest hazard ratio (HR) and @entity2270 and QRS duration >110  ms producing the lowest. For the original Romhilt-Estes score, 367 @entity1 (1.8%) met the "definite" cutoff and had an HR of 5.6 (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 7.1). For the new score, 208 @entity1 (1.0%) met the "definite" left @entity123 cutoff and had an HR of 13.6 (95% confidence interval 10.8 to 17.3). The Romhilt-Estes had an area under the curve of 0.63, whereas the new score and new score with Cornell voltage both had an area under the curve of 0.7. In conclusion, our modified Romhilt-Estes score with new multipliers and without voltage criteria outperformed the original score.

title: A new electrocardiographic left XXXX prognostic score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity123 :: (MESH:D024741,Disease) :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biliary bypass is a major management of resolution to @entity3883 . Laparoscopic approach is an ideal alternative to open surgery with the less recurrence compared with endoscopic stenting. Single incision surgery approach has not been applied to biliary bypass due to technical challenge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic biliary bypass. Eighteen @entity1 with periampulla @entity5 underwent single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy. The preoperation and postoperation data were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases underwent surgery successfully without conversion to open or traditional laparoscopic surgery. The operation time and @entity190 were 172.8  min and 101.1  ml, respectively. The postoperative hospital stay was 9.9  days. The @entity1087 was released, and the liver function was improved after the surgery. The mean survival of the @entity1 was 9.5  months. The single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy is safe and feasible with acceptable short-term outcomes in selected @entity1 . The benefits still need to be evaluated in comparative study.

title: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Biliary Bypass for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['Malignant Obstructive Jaundice']


abstract: Objective: We sought to conduct an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on insulin resistance, as measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ), and @entity1254 . Additionally, we performed a separate meta-analysis and meta-regression of studies on the association of insulin resistance and @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Methods: All included studies were searched from PubMed (from conception to March 15, 2014). Data were pooled across all included RCTs as the mean difference in HOMA-IR and @entity1661 , and as the standardized mean difference in the case of @entity1254 analysis. From the included case-control studies, data on the difference of HOMA-IR between cases and controls were pooled across all studies, as the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: There was a significant difference in HOMA-IR (-0.43 [95% CIs: -0.75 to -0.11], p = 0.008) between CPAP treated and non CPAP treated @entity1 . However, there was no significant difference in @entity1661 or @entity1254 ; (-47.93 [95% CI: -112.58 to 16.72], p = 0.14) and (-0.06 [95% CI: -0.28 to 0.15], p = 0.56), respectively. Meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies showed a pooled SMD in HOMA-IR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.75), p  <= 0.001, between cases and controls. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analyses show that CPAP has a favorable effect on insulin resistance. This effect is not associated with any significant changes in total @entity1254 levels or amount of @entity1661 . Our findings also confirm a significant association between @entity27 and insulin resistance.

title: Meta-analyses of the Association of Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistance, and the Effects of CPAP on HOMA-IR, XXXX , and Visceral Adipose Fat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['visceral abdominal fat', 'VAF']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['Adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This descriptive review of the literature outlines the current evidence-base underpinning the potential of transcranial brain stimulation techniques to modulate swallowing function in healthy individuals and in treating post- @entity64 . METHODS: Published research was identified by review of scientific databases (Scopus, Medline Ovid, Science Direct, AMED and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords. In addition, the reference lists of identified articles were scrutinized to identify further potentially relevant papers. Studies employing variants of transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation for the purpose of modulating swallowing motor cortical excitability in healthy @entity1 or @entity1282 following @entity64 were included. Due to a significant heterogeneity in stimulation paradigms, all included studies were summarised and descriptively analysed in relation to the @entity1 tested, cortical representations targeted by brain stimulation and outcome measures used. RESULTS: Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria (seven evaluating healthy @entity1 , 10 evaluating @entity1 presenting with post- @entity64 ). Cortical stimulation most commonly targeted pharyngeal motor representations (13/17 studies). In the 10 clinical studies, stimulation was applied contralesionally (5/10 studies), ipsilesionally (3/10 studies) or bilaterally (2/10 studies). A range of behavioural and neurophysiological outcome measures demonstrated positive effects on swallowing function across studies. CONCLUSION: There is promising proof of concept that non-invasive brain stimulation may provide a useful adjunct to post- @entity64 swallowing rehabilitation practice. Eventual transition of optimal paradigms into routine clinical practice will be accompanied by practical considerations in relation to local and national frameworks, e.g. the prescription and provision of treatment.

title: Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation in swallowing rehabilitation following XXXX - A review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'stroke dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persistent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) after surgical @entity6654 (ERM) may impair postoperative visual recovery. Sustained-release @entity619 intravitreal implant ( @entity9170 ) was used to treat recalcitrant @entity1103 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eyes treated with @entity9170 for @entity1103 after ERM removal. Visual and anatomic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Five eyes with refractory @entity1103 on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after ERM surgery were treated with @entity9170 . Four of five eyes demonstrated reduction in macular thickness on OCT (mean: 106  m), with mean percentage reduction in central foveal thickness of 25%. Visual acuity improved by one or more Snellen lines in four of five eyes. @entity9170 effect duration was 3 to 9 months. Two eyes with OCT and visual improvement after initial @entity9170 received multiple @entity9170 implants for maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory factors may contribute to persistent @entity1103 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity9170 may be a treatment option in such cases.

title: Sustained-release XXXX intravitreal implant for persistent @entity1103 after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['ME', 'macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['removal of epiretinal membrane']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persistent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) after surgical @entity6654 (ERM) may impair postoperative visual recovery. Sustained-release @entity619 intravitreal implant ( @entity9170 ) was used to treat recalcitrant @entity1103 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eyes treated with @entity9170 for @entity1103 after ERM removal. Visual and anatomic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Five eyes with refractory @entity1103 on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after ERM surgery were treated with @entity9170 . Four of five eyes demonstrated reduction in macular thickness on OCT (mean: 106  m), with mean percentage reduction in central foveal thickness of 25%. Visual acuity improved by one or more Snellen lines in four of five eyes. @entity9170 effect duration was 3 to 9 months. Two eyes with OCT and visual improvement after initial @entity9170 received multiple @entity9170 implants for maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory factors may contribute to persistent @entity1103 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity9170 may be a treatment option in such cases.

title: Sustained-release @entity619 intravitreal implant for persistent XXXX after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: The @entity8 and clearance of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) following high-dose (800 mg) therapy followed by @entity4181 rescue was studied in 12 @entity1 (2 female, 10 male): the mean age was 49.3 +/- 5.5 (SE), weight 68.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) and body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2. Plasma and urine were collected over 154 h at intervals of 2-24 h, and the collection times, volume, and pH of urine samples recorded. Total @entity1500 concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by the highly specific competitive protein-binding assay method. Plasma and urinary @entity1011 levels were measured on an SMA-12 autoanalyser. The renal clearance of @entity1500 was calculated for each urine collection period. Following oral administration, clearance values during the first 6 h were high at 257 +/- 8.3 (ml/Min), followed by a trough in clearance of 27.9 +/- 4.2 (ml/min) in the 20- to 30-h period. This was followed by a secondary rise of @entity1500 renal clearance to 180.4 +/- 14.6 ml/min during the 68- to 84-h period and again to 84.9 +/- 17.1 ml/min between 84 and 112 h. In the last two periods it rose to 209 +/- 57.9 ml/min. Similar fluctuations were seen following IV administration. The changes in clearance were statistically significant at the p less than 0.005 level. It is suggested that high concentrations of @entity1500 in the renal tubules result in inhibition of carrier protein synthesis, leading to a fall in active tubular secretion. When @entity1500 concentrations fall the tubular cell recovers and a secondary rise in renal clearance occurs, leading to cyclical changes in @entity1500 elimination.

title: Renal clearance of XXXX in @entity1 during high-dose oral and intravenous infusion therapy.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The @entity8 and clearance of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) following high-dose (800 mg) therapy followed by @entity4181 rescue was studied in 12 @entity1 (2 female, 10 male): the mean age was 49.3 +/- 5.5 (SE), weight 68.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) and body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2. Plasma and urine were collected over 154 h at intervals of 2-24 h, and the collection times, volume, and pH of urine samples recorded. Total @entity1500 concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by the highly specific competitive protein-binding assay method. Plasma and urinary @entity1011 levels were measured on an SMA-12 autoanalyser. The renal clearance of @entity1500 was calculated for each urine collection period. Following oral administration, clearance values during the first 6 h were high at 257 +/- 8.3 (ml/Min), followed by a trough in clearance of 27.9 +/- 4.2 (ml/min) in the 20- to 30-h period. This was followed by a secondary rise of @entity1500 renal clearance to 180.4 +/- 14.6 ml/min during the 68- to 84-h period and again to 84.9 +/- 17.1 ml/min between 84 and 112 h. In the last two periods it rose to 209 +/- 57.9 ml/min. Similar fluctuations were seen following IV administration. The changes in clearance were statistically significant at the p less than 0.005 level. It is suggested that high concentrations of @entity1500 in the renal tubules result in inhibition of carrier protein synthesis, leading to a fall in active tubular secretion. When @entity1500 concentrations fall the tubular cell recovers and a secondary rise in renal clearance occurs, leading to cyclical changes in @entity1500 elimination.

title: Renal clearance of @entity1499 in XXXX during high-dose oral and intravenous infusion therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and adverse birth outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity1 (S): A total of 3,521 singletons born to @entity1 aged 18-40 years at cohort entry. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Selected birth outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks' gestation), low birth weight (<2,500 g), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and @entity5028 , ascertained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and Danish National Registry of @entity1 . Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using log-binomial regression, with adjustment for potential confounders and fertility treatment. RESULT(S): Multivariable RRs for PTB in relation to @entity1054 of 3-5, 6-11, and >= 12 vs. <3 cycles were 1.59 (95% CI 0.94-2.69), 0.85 (95% CI 0.48-1.50), and 1.57 (95% CI 0.93-2.65). The association was slightly stronger for spontaneous PTB ( @entity1054 >= 12 vs. <3 cycles: @entity4736 .69, 95% CI 0.84-3.42) than for medically indicated PTB ( @entity4736 .39, 95% CI 0.62-3.12). Longer TTPs (>= 12 cycles) were associated with increased risks of low birth weight ( @entity4736 .80, 95% CI 0.97-3.35), cesarean delivery ( @entity4736 .64, 95% CI 1.27-2.12), @entity5028 ( @entity16071 .21, 95% CI 1.07-4.56), @entity63 ( @entity4736 .56, 95% CI 0.99-2.44), @entity1468 ( @entity4736 .45, 95% CI 0.79-2.65), and postpartum @entity548 ( @entity4736 .58, CI 1.14-2.19), and decreased risks of @entity8455 (>= 4,500 g; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.35-1.13) and large for gestational age (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58-1.00). Longer @entity1054 showed little association with small for gestational age. CONCLUSION(S): In a prospective cohort study of Danish pregnancy planners, delayed conception was a marker for adverse birth outcomes, after accounting for fertility treatment.

title: Prospective study of XXXX and adverse birth outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic placental disease']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to pregnancy']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['time to pregnancy']


abstract: Purpose. We aimed to describe a unique case in which a @entity1 developed unilateral @entity7995 and @entity2747 as a result of @entity5900 . Case Report. Approximately 18 hours after @entity5900 , a 67-year-old female @entity1 described @entity227 and severe @entity158 in her left eye (LE). The @entity1 's best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the RE and hand motion in the LE. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of @entity16 in the left optic nerve. In the LE, corneal haziness, closure of the iridocorneal angle, and mild @entity5564 were observed and pupillary light reflex was absent. Intraocular pressure was 25   mmHg and 57   mmHg in the RE and LE, respectively. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity2747 in the LE. @entity1781 was treated with intravenous pulse @entity1667 . @entity2790 was within normal range starting on the fourth day. One month after the incident, there was no sign of @entity1781 ; relative afferent @entity2300 and @entity1781 disappeared. Conclusions. @entity1 with severe @entity10 and @entity227 must be carefully examined for possible @entity1781 and @entity2747 . Early diagnosis and treatment of these cases are necessary to prevent permanent @entity1781 .

title: XXXX and Acute @entity2747 following Snake Envenomation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss after snake envenomation', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Left intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve swelling', 'damage to optic nerves', 'optic neuropathy', 'Optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma', 'angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation', 'snake envenomation']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Unilateral Optic Neuropathy']


abstract: Purpose. We aimed to describe a unique case in which a @entity1 developed unilateral @entity7995 and @entity2747 as a result of @entity5900 . Case Report. Approximately 18 hours after @entity5900 , a 67-year-old female @entity1 described @entity227 and severe @entity158 in her left eye (LE). The @entity1 's best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the RE and hand motion in the LE. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of @entity16 in the left optic nerve. In the LE, corneal haziness, closure of the iridocorneal angle, and mild @entity5564 were observed and pupillary light reflex was absent. Intraocular pressure was 25   mmHg and 57   mmHg in the RE and LE, respectively. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity2747 in the LE. @entity1781 was treated with intravenous pulse @entity1667 . @entity2790 was within normal range starting on the fourth day. One month after the incident, there was no sign of @entity1781 ; relative afferent @entity2300 and @entity1781 disappeared. Conclusions. @entity1 with severe @entity10 and @entity227 must be carefully examined for possible @entity1781 and @entity2747 . Early diagnosis and treatment of these cases are necessary to prevent permanent @entity1781 .

title: @entity1781 and Acute XXXX following Snake Envenomation.

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: Background. Activation of the innate immune system by @entity165 accelerates @entity731 . High levels or modified forms of @entity165 stimulate release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and @entity8923 that synergistically stimulate T lymphocytes to produce the atherogenic cytokine interferon-y. While activation of the innate immune system by @entity165 is well-described in animal models and @entity1 subjects with high @entity165 levels or known @entity731 , the interaction of @entity165 and lipoproteins with the innate immune system in @entity1 subjects without known @entity731 is less well-described. The goal of our study was to assess the @entity1198 modulating cytokines IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 , and their counter regulatory cytokines @entity8923 binding protein and @entity20300 , to determine if their levels are linked to @entity165 levels or other factors. Methods. We performed a blinded, randomized hypothesis-generating study in @entity1 subjects without known @entity731 . We measured serum lipids, lipoprotein levels, and collected plasma samples at baseline. Subjects were randomized to two weeks of therapy with @entity2993 , @entity8673 , or @entity8671 . Lipids and cytokine levels were measured after two weeks of statin treatment. Subjects were given a four-week statin-free period. At the end of the four-week statin-free period, venous blood was sampled again to determine if serum lipids returned to within 5% of their pre-statin levels. When lipid levels returned to baseline, subjects were again treated with the next statin in the randomization scheme. IL-12, @entity8923 , @entity8923 binding protein, and @entity20300 were measured at baseline and after each statin treatment to determine effects of @entity1780 treatment on their blood levels, and identify correlations with lipids and lipoproteins. Results. Therapy with statins revealed no significant change in the levels of IL-12, @entity8923 , @entity8923 binding protein or @entity20300 levels. We found that @entity8923 levels positively correlate with total @entity165 levels (r (2) = 0.15, p < 0.03), but not HDL or LDL @entity165 . In contrast, IL-12 p40 levels inversely correlated with total @entity165 (r (2) = -0.17, p < 0.008), HDL @entity165 (r (2) = -0.22, p < 0.002), and apolipoprotein A1 (r (2) = -0.21, p < 0.002). Similarly, @entity8923 binding protein levels inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 levels (r (2) = -0.13, p < 0.02). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that total @entity165 levels positively regulate @entity8923 , while HDL @entity165 and apolipoprotein A1 may reduce IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 binding protein levels. Additional studies in a larger @entity1 population are needed to confirm these findings, and verify mechanistically whether HDL @entity165 can directly suppress IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 binding protein levels in @entity1 subjects.

title: Effects of statins on XXXX modulating cytokines in @entity1 subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['TH1']


abstract: Background. Activation of the innate immune system by @entity165 accelerates @entity731 . High levels or modified forms of @entity165 stimulate release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and @entity8923 that synergistically stimulate T lymphocytes to produce the atherogenic cytokine interferon-y. While activation of the innate immune system by @entity165 is well-described in animal models and @entity1 subjects with high @entity165 levels or known @entity731 , the interaction of @entity165 and lipoproteins with the innate immune system in @entity1 subjects without known @entity731 is less well-described. The goal of our study was to assess the @entity1198 modulating cytokines IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 , and their counter regulatory cytokines @entity8923 binding protein and @entity20300 , to determine if their levels are linked to @entity165 levels or other factors. Methods. We performed a blinded, randomized hypothesis-generating study in @entity1 subjects without known @entity731 . We measured serum lipids, lipoprotein levels, and collected plasma samples at baseline. Subjects were randomized to two weeks of therapy with @entity2993 , @entity8673 , or @entity8671 . Lipids and cytokine levels were measured after two weeks of statin treatment. Subjects were given a four-week statin-free period. At the end of the four-week statin-free period, venous blood was sampled again to determine if serum lipids returned to within 5% of their pre-statin levels. When lipid levels returned to baseline, subjects were again treated with the next statin in the randomization scheme. IL-12, @entity8923 , @entity8923 binding protein, and @entity20300 were measured at baseline and after each statin treatment to determine effects of @entity1780 treatment on their blood levels, and identify correlations with lipids and lipoproteins. Results. Therapy with statins revealed no significant change in the levels of IL-12, @entity8923 , @entity8923 binding protein or @entity20300 levels. We found that @entity8923 levels positively correlate with total @entity165 levels (r (2) = 0.15, p < 0.03), but not HDL or LDL @entity165 . In contrast, IL-12 p40 levels inversely correlated with total @entity165 (r (2) = -0.17, p < 0.008), HDL @entity165 (r (2) = -0.22, p < 0.002), and apolipoprotein A1 (r (2) = -0.21, p < 0.002). Similarly, @entity8923 binding protein levels inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 levels (r (2) = -0.13, p < 0.02). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that total @entity165 levels positively regulate @entity8923 , while HDL @entity165 and apolipoprotein A1 may reduce IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 binding protein levels. Additional studies in a larger @entity1 population are needed to confirm these findings, and verify mechanistically whether HDL @entity165 can directly suppress IL-12 p40 and @entity8923 binding protein levels in @entity1 subjects.

title: Effects of statins on @entity1198 modulating cytokines in XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although stage IV @entity14 ( @entity14 ) encompasses a wide variety of clinical conditions with diverse prognoses, no statistical model for predicting the postoperative prognosis of stage IV @entity14 has been established. Thus, we here aimed to construct a predictive model for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after curative surgery for stage IV @entity14 using nomograms. METHODS: The study included 1133 stage IV @entity14 @entity1 who underwent curative surgical resection in 19 institutions. @entity1 were divided into derivation (n  =  586) and validation (n  =  547) groups. Nomograms to predict the 1- and 3-year DFS rates and the 3- and 5-year @entity1349 rates were constructed using the derivation set. Calibration plots were constructed, and concordance indices (c-indices) were calculated. The predictive utility of the nomogram was validated in the validation set. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, depth of @entity5 invasion (T factor), lymph node @entity3 (N factor), and number of metastatic organs were adopted as variables for the DFS-predicting nomogram, whereas the postoperative @entity787 level, T factor, N factor, and peritoneal dissemination were adopted for the nomogram to predict @entity1349 . The nomograms showed moderate calibration, with c-indices of 0.629 and 0.640 in the derivation set and 0.604 and 0.637 in the validation set for DFS and @entity1349 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms developed were capable of estimating the probability of DFS and @entity1349 on the basis of only 4 variables, and may represent useful tools for postoperative surveillance of stage IV @entity14 @entity1 in routine practice.

title: Nomograms for predicting the prognosis of stage IV XXXX after curative resection: A multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have established a pair of animal models (J3T-1 and J3T-2) with different invasive and angiogenic phenotypes, and demonstrated that @entity10784 is expressed at higher levels in @entity1 T-1 than @entity1 T-2 cells. The function of @entity10784 in relation to angiogenesis and invasion was investigated using these models. Stable silencing or overexpression of @entity10784 in @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2 cells ( @entity1 T-1shA and @entity1 T-2A cells) was established and used. Thirty @entity1 @entity463 samples were evaluated for expression of @entity10784 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Immunohistochemical and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed higher expression of @entity10784 , @entity7 and PDGF in @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2A cells. Cultured @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2A cells exhibited higher adhesive ability to endothelial cells. Histopathological analysis of animal @entity1313 revealed that J3T-1 and J3T-2A @entity5 displayed marked angiogenesis and invasion along the neovasculature, whereas J3T-2 and J3T-1shA @entity5 exhibited diffuse, infiltrative invasion without angiogenesis. Positive expression of @entity10784 was observed in @entity5 cells surrounding dilated vessels in 25/30 @entity1 @entity463 specimens. Our results reveal that the phenotype of @entity3 is closely related to angiogenesis. We identify @entity10784 as a factor regulating angiogenesis and invasion of @entity11 .

title: XXXX regulates angiogenesis and invasion phenotypes of @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['glioma invasion']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity10784 :: (302,Gene) :: ['Annexin A2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have established a pair of animal models (J3T-1 and J3T-2) with different invasive and angiogenic phenotypes, and demonstrated that @entity10784 is expressed at higher levels in @entity1 T-1 than @entity1 T-2 cells. The function of @entity10784 in relation to angiogenesis and invasion was investigated using these models. Stable silencing or overexpression of @entity10784 in @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2 cells ( @entity1 T-1shA and @entity1 T-2A cells) was established and used. Thirty @entity1 @entity463 samples were evaluated for expression of @entity10784 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Immunohistochemical and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed higher expression of @entity10784 , @entity7 and PDGF in @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2A cells. Cultured @entity1 T-1 and @entity1 T-2A cells exhibited higher adhesive ability to endothelial cells. Histopathological analysis of animal @entity1313 revealed that J3T-1 and J3T-2A @entity5 displayed marked angiogenesis and invasion along the neovasculature, whereas J3T-2 and J3T-1shA @entity5 exhibited diffuse, infiltrative invasion without angiogenesis. Positive expression of @entity10784 was observed in @entity5 cells surrounding dilated vessels in 25/30 @entity1 @entity463 specimens. Our results reveal that the phenotype of @entity3 is closely related to angiogenesis. We identify @entity10784 as a factor regulating angiogenesis and invasion of @entity11 .

title: @entity10784 regulates angiogenesis and invasion phenotypes of XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Forty-one @entity204 occurred among 1,090 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of @entity370 between 1960 and 1977. Thirteen @entity1 died of causes unrelated to @entity370 , whereas @entity204 was related to @entity370 in 28 @entity1 (68%). The most prevalent lesion leading to @entity204 was advanced @entity358 (22/28 @entity1 or 78%) with various late complications: @entity177 , gram-negative @entity55 , @entity364 . The average clinical course among these 22 @entity1 was 10 years from the onset of the disease. The average age at @entity204 was 39 years. @entity1 who died of central nervous system and @entity299 were younger, and their clinical course was shorter. Subclinical @entity370 does not seem to affect life span. Autopsy in 25 @entity1 showed @entity66 in all, including asymptomatic @entity1 and those presenting with clinical manifestations limited to the CNS and the heart. The discrepancy implies difficulty in making the diagnosis, and suggests the need of intensive diagnostic work-up. Improved medical therapy, particularly the control of infections and management of @entity177 , has resulted in a protracted clinical course and a changing pattern of the causes of @entity204 in @entity370 .

title: Mortality in XXXX . A changing pattern of the causes of @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sarcoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Forty-one @entity204 occurred among 1,090 @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of @entity370 between 1960 and 1977. Thirteen @entity1 died of causes unrelated to @entity370 , whereas @entity204 was related to @entity370 in 28 @entity1 (68%). The most prevalent lesion leading to @entity204 was advanced @entity358 (22/28 @entity1 or 78%) with various late complications: @entity177 , gram-negative @entity55 , @entity364 . The average clinical course among these 22 @entity1 was 10 years from the onset of the disease. The average age at @entity204 was 39 years. @entity1 who died of central nervous system and @entity299 were younger, and their clinical course was shorter. Subclinical @entity370 does not seem to affect life span. Autopsy in 25 @entity1 showed @entity66 in all, including asymptomatic @entity1 and those presenting with clinical manifestations limited to the CNS and the heart. The discrepancy implies difficulty in making the diagnosis, and suggests the need of intensive diagnostic work-up. Improved medical therapy, particularly the control of infections and management of @entity177 , has resulted in a protracted clinical course and a changing pattern of the causes of @entity204 in @entity370 .

title: Mortality in @entity370 . A changing pattern of the causes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Our previous work reported functional recovery after transplantation of @entity19 and @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) into rodent models of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Although hiPSC-NS/PCs proved useful for the treatment of @entity1566 , the tumorigenicity of the transplanted cells must be resolved before they can be used in clinical applications. The current study sought to determine the feasibility of ablation of the @entity5 formed after hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation through immunoregulation. Tumorigenic hiPSC-NS/PCs were transplanted into the intact spinal cords of immunocompetent BALB/cA @entity19 with or without immunosuppressant treatment. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to evaluate the chronological survival and growth of the transplanted cells. The graft survival rate was 0% in the group without immunosuppressants versus 100% in the group with immunosuppressants. Most of the @entity19 that received immunosuppressants exhibited hind-limb @entity912 owing to @entity5 growth at 3 months after iPSC-NS/PC transplantation. Histological analysis showed that the @entity5 shared certain characteristics with low-grade @entity11 rather than with @entity44 . After confirming the progression of the @entity5 in immunosuppressed @entity19 , the immunosuppressant agents were discontinued, resulting in the complete rejection of iPSC-NS/PC-derived masses within 42 days after drug cessation. In accordance with the @entity5 rejection, hind-limb motor function was recovered in all of the @entity19 . Moreover, infiltration of microglia and lymphocytes was observed during the course of @entity5 rejection, along with apoptosis of iPSC-NS/PC-generated cells. Thus, immune rejection can be used as a fail-safe system against potential tumorigenicity after transplantation of iPSC-NS/PCs to treat @entity1566 .

title: Controlling Immune Rejection Is a Fail-Safe System against Potential Tumorigenicity after XXXX iPSC-Derived Neural Stem Cell Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 at stage IB, adjuvant chemotherapy does not improve survival. Evidence suggests that dendritic cell (DC)-activated cytokine-induced killer (DC-CIK) cell therapy in addition to chemotherapy improves survival for stage I-IIIA @entity1149 @entity1 after surgery, but there are not enough data to confirm this benefit specifically for those at stage IB. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of this therapy administered to stage IB @entity1149 @entity1 . Sixty-six @entity1 were treated with four-cycle adjuvant chemotherapy initiated 3 weeks after surgical resection. In addition, 28 of these @entity1 underwent DC-CIK therapy on a trimonthly basis (average 3.1 times, range 1-6) beginning 1 month after chemotherapy. The disease-free survival (DFS) rates of the two groups were statistically similar, although @entity1 who received DC-CIK therapy showed slightly higher 1- and 2-year DFS rates (100.0% and 96.4%, respectively, compared with 81.6% and 76.3%). More importantly, @entity1 in the DC-CIK therapy group had significantly longer overall survival (p   =   0.018). For @entity1 who received treatment after recurrence, the DC-CIK therapy group had longer progression-free survival compared with the chemotherapy-only group. In addition, @entity1 given DC-CIK therapy experienced less @entity1295 and @entity1277 . The rate of adverse side effects was similar between the two groups. In conclusion, for these stage IB @entity1149 @entity1 , DC-CIK therapy significantly improved 2-year DFS rates compared with those who received chemotherapy only. DC-CIK therapy also benefited @entity1 ' quality of life, and adverse events were acceptable.

title: Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Sequential Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) Cells in Stage IB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9595 leads to an increased lifetime risk for end-organ damage due to @entity1284 . Guidelines recommend that genetic testing be performed in @entity1 with clinical suspicion of @entity1284 accompanied by elevated serum ferritin and @entity69 saturation levels. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate guideline adherence and the clinical and economic impact of @entity14398 genetic testing. METHODS: The electronic charts of @entity1 submitted for @entity14398 testing in 2012 were reviewed for genetic testing results, biochemical markers of @entity1284 and clinical history of phlebotomy. RESULTS: A total of 664 samples were sent for testing, with clinical, biochemical and phlebotomy data available for 160 @entity1 . A positive @entity14399 homozygote or @entity71558 compound heterozygote test result was observed in 18% of @entity1 . @entity1 with an at-risk @entity14398 genotype had significantly higher iron saturation, serum iron and hemoglobin (P<0.001), without higher ferritin or liver enzyme levels. Fifty percent of @entity1 referred for testing did not have biochemical evidence of @entity1284 ( @entity69 saturation >45% and ferritin level >300  g   L). @entity1 were four times more likely to undergo phlebotomy if they were gene test positive (RR 4.29 [95% CI 2.35 to 7.83]; P<0.00001). DISCUSSION: One-half of @entity1 referred for testing did not exhibit biochemical evidence of @entity1284 . Many @entity1 with biochemical evidence of @entity1284 , but with negative genetic test results, did not undergo phlebotomy. A requisition to determine clinical indication for testing may reduce the use of the @entity14398 genetic test. Finally, improvement of current genetic test characteristics would improve rationale for the test. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of @entity9595 genetic testing does not adhere to current guidelines and would not alter @entity1 management.

title: Examining the clinical use of XXXX genetic testing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['excess iron deposition', 'iron overload']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['hemochromatosis']


abstract: Intestinal adaptation after extensive small bowel resection results in @entity1184 and an increased capacity of the remaining small intestine to absorb solutes and water. We tested the ability of the adapted @entity35 ileum to respond to a secretory stimulus, cholera toxin. Six weeks after 50% jejunal resection (short gut) or sham operation water and solute transport were measured in a 16 cm segment of ileum before and after exposure to cholera toxin in a single pass in vivo perfusion system. During the control periods absorption of @entity413 , @entity598 and water per unit length of intestine was significantly greater in short gut animals (P less than 0.05 to 0.001). After exposure to cholera toxin absorption of @entity413 and @entity598 was significantly reduced in both groups (P less than 0.05 to 0.01). @entity1372 and @entity2865 secretion and net change in water movement in response to cholera toxin were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) in short gut animals. Generally the differences between short gut and sham operation animals disappeared when the data were normalised for mucosal weight. @entity2865 secretion per gram mucosa was less in short gut animals (P less than 0.001). The data indicate that the adapted small bowel is not only capable of enhanced absorption but also of enhanced net secretion in response to cholera toxin. The changes reflect the increased number of enterocytes per unit length of intestine after intestinal adaptation.

title: Effect of cholera toxin on ileal water and solute transport after resection of the proximal small intestine in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloride', 'chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Tooth extraction is a routine surgical procedure in dental treatment. As a wound healing process after tooth extraction, a saddle-shaped residual ridge forms due to bone formation in the extraction socket and localized bone resorption on the external surface of the jawbone. The residual ridge is subjected to continuous bone resorption with substantial differences among individuals. In some cases, it results in excessive @entity604 , which complicates dental restorative treatment. This unique oral wound healing process may be influenced by factors that are specific to oral tissue. HIF expression is different in oral wound healing compared to that of @entity272 . The objective of this study was to examine a genetic association between SNP of the @entity7738 gene, which is known to have high genetic diversity, and the residual ridge resorption (RRR). Two hundred and two Korean subjects (70.80          9.40 years) with partially or completely edentulous mandible were recruited, and edentulous mandibular bone height was measured following the protocol of the American College of Prosthodontists. The @entity7738 allele was directly sequenced in 24 subjects resulting in the variants over 5% frequency in 95% likelihood, whereas tag-SNPs were selected to perform analysis for the remaining population. Student's t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis to examine the association between the SNPs and the RRR. Four novel variants were discovered, and a minor allele of @entity71559 was associated with the RRR of the subjects (p = 0.028). @entity71559 increases @entity7738 transactivity, enhancing angiogenesis and increasing new vessel formation. Thus, @entity71559 may play an important role in the disturbed bone remodeling balance resulting in RRR. Results of this study may be useful in developing novel genetic diagnostic tests and identifying Koreans susceptible to developing @entity194 after dental extraction. Most importantly, early screening using genetic information will rescue susceptible @entity1 from the vulnerable situation of @entity194 where no effective prosthetic treatment is available.

title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in XXXX gene and residual ridge resorption (RRR) of mandible in Korean population.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone atrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['excessive jawbone atrophy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin wounds']

answer: @entity7738 :: (3091,Gene) :: ['HIF-1a']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) in @entity1 with submassive @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 45 consecutive @entity1 (15 prospective, 30 retrospective) who underwent @entity1212 for submassive @entity1151 from June 2012-May 2014. Inclusion criteria were @entity67 ( @entity67 ) as indicated by right ventricle-to-left ventricle (RV:LV) ratio > 0.9, symptoms of < 2 weeks' duration, and absence of absolute contraindication to thrombolysis. All @entity1 underwent pulmonary artery catheterization with a standardized protocol (24 mg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator). Hemodynamic evaluation immediately after @entity1212 , RV:LV ratio evaluation at 48-72 hours after @entity1212 by computed tomography angiography and echocardiography, and adverse event reporting for a minimum of 30 days were performed. Outcomes and complications are reported as per the Society of Interventional Radiology Reporting Standards for Endovascular Treatment of @entity1151 . RESULTS: @entity1212 was technically successful in 100% (n = 45) of @entity1 . Main pulmonary artery pressure significantly decreased from 49.8 mm Hg to 31.1 mm Hg (P < .0001). @entity67 significantly improved with mean RV:LV ratios decreasing from 1.59 to 0.93 (P < .0001). There were 6 complications: 4 minor @entity548 episodes at access sites and 2 major @entity548 complications (flank and arm @entity1410 ). All-cause mortality at 30 days was 0%. There were no readmissions for @entity1151 at 30 days after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis using a standardized low-dose protocol is a safe and efficacious method of treatment of submassive @entity1151 to reduce @entity120 and @entity67 .

title: Ultrasound-Accelerated Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis', 'USAT']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism', 'Pulmonary Embolism']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction', 'RVD']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Submassive Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Refractory mesial @entity1315 (mTLE) is a debilitating condition potentially amenable to resective surgery. However, between 40 and 50% @entity1 continue to experience @entity410 . The development of imaging prognostic markers of postoperative @entity410 outcome is a crucial objective for @entity302 research. In the present study, we performed analyses of preoperative cortical thickness and subcortical surface shape on MRI in 115 of @entity1 with mTLE and radiologically defined @entity131 being considered for surgery, and 80 healthy controls. @entity1 with excellent (International League Against @entity302 outcome (ILAE) I) and suboptimal (ILAE II-VI) postoperative outcomes had a comparable distribution of preoperative @entity21 . Conventional volumetry of whole hippocampal and extrahippocampal @entity62 , could not differentiate between @entity1 outcome groups. However, surface shape analysis revealed localized atrophy of the thalamus bilaterally and of the posterior/lateral hippocampus contralateral to intended resection in @entity1 with persistent @entity410 relative to those rendered @entity410 free. Data uncorrected for multiple comparisons also revealed @entity194 of the ipsilateral hippocampus posterior to the margins of resection in @entity1 with persistent @entity410 . This data indicates that persistent @entity410 after temporal lobe surgery are related to localized preoperative shape alterations of the thalamus bilaterally and the hippocampus contralateral to intended resection. Imaging techniques that have the potential to unlock prognostic markers of postoperative outcome in individual @entity1 should focus assessment on a bihemispheric thalamohippocampal network in prospective @entity1 with refractory mTLE being considered for temporal lobe surgery. Hum Brain Mapp, 2014.    2014 The Authors @entity1 Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Morphometric MRI alterations and postoperative XXXX control in refractory @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['focal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy across the cortex, basal ganglia, and amygdala']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical structures, and of global gray and white matter']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Refractory mesial @entity1315 (mTLE) is a debilitating condition potentially amenable to resective surgery. However, between 40 and 50% @entity1 continue to experience @entity410 . The development of imaging prognostic markers of postoperative @entity410 outcome is a crucial objective for @entity302 research. In the present study, we performed analyses of preoperative cortical thickness and subcortical surface shape on MRI in 115 of @entity1 with mTLE and radiologically defined @entity131 being considered for surgery, and 80 healthy controls. @entity1 with excellent (International League Against @entity302 outcome (ILAE) I) and suboptimal (ILAE II-VI) postoperative outcomes had a comparable distribution of preoperative @entity21 . Conventional volumetry of whole hippocampal and extrahippocampal @entity62 , could not differentiate between @entity1 outcome groups. However, surface shape analysis revealed localized atrophy of the thalamus bilaterally and of the posterior/lateral hippocampus contralateral to intended resection in @entity1 with persistent @entity410 relative to those rendered @entity410 free. Data uncorrected for multiple comparisons also revealed @entity194 of the ipsilateral hippocampus posterior to the margins of resection in @entity1 with persistent @entity410 . This data indicates that persistent @entity410 after temporal lobe surgery are related to localized preoperative shape alterations of the thalamus bilaterally and the hippocampus contralateral to intended resection. Imaging techniques that have the potential to unlock prognostic markers of postoperative outcome in individual @entity1 should focus assessment on a bihemispheric thalamohippocampal network in prospective @entity1 with refractory mTLE being considered for temporal lobe surgery. Hum Brain Mapp, 2014.    2014 The Authors @entity1 Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Morphometric MRI alterations and postoperative @entity410 control in refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enthusiasm for endovascular therapies has led to the use of stent graft repairs for popliteal artery @entity439 . In this report, we review our experience with this technique. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity438 repairs (EVPARs) performed by the vascular surgery group at a tertiary care medical center. @entity1 demographic data, operative details, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS: We performed 33 EVPARs in 28 @entity1 . All @entity1 were male with a mean age of 76  years (range, 60-91). Mean @entity439 diameter was 3.2  cm (range, 1.5-6.3). All repairs were performed using a self-expanding covered stent graft. Among the @entity1 , 18% were symptomatic at the time of repair. The median number of stents used was 2 (range, 1-4). Median duration of stay was 1  day (range, 0-12). The 1-year and 2-year patency were 87% and 81%, respectively, with a mean follow-up of 23  months. Loss of patency was associated with both poor distal runoff (P  =  .007) and increasing number of stents used (P  =  .03). Early complications were seen in 4 @entity1 including: stent oversizing leading to in-folding, perforation of a tibial artery, access site @entity1410 , and access vessel dissection. CONCLUSION: As experience with EVPAR continues to grow, caution must be applied in its use. Careful @entity1 selection, proper operative technique, and correct vessel sizing are required for good outcomes. Poor distal runoff and use of numerous stents leads to diminished patency rates.

title: Mid-term outcomes of self-expanding covered stent grafts for repair of popliteal artery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular popliteal artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: Six @entity1 with @entity30 had colonic intraluminal multilobulated masses detected on barium enema. Four had @entity30 and two @entity30 . The mean duration of disease was four and eight tenths years. Three @entity1 underwent surgery and three had colonoscopy with multiple biopsies and cytology. Pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue was found in each case. One @entity1 died after a prolonged postoperative course due to @entity295 and @entity733 formation. No surgery was performed in three @entity1 and follow-up colonoscopic examinations at four and a half years revealed no change in these findings. The presence of an intraluminal colonic mass in @entity30 may mimic a @entity5 . If surveillance with x-ray, endoscopic biopsies and cytology reveals pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue then surgery is not mandatory. Pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue has never been associated with @entity189 .

title: Giant pseudopolyps in XXXX . A nonoperative approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis', "Crohn's colitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the predictors of technical success and patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of de novo dysfunctional hemodialysis @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of first time PTA in 228 @entity1 (129 @entity1 , 99 @entity1 ; mean age, 56.8  14.6 years). Anatomical (location, length, grade, and number of stenoses) and clinical variables (sex, age, prior @entity2548 , @entity6 , @entity2548 age, side, and location) were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 330 stenoses were found in 228 @entity1 . PTA was technically successful in 96.3% of the stenoses (n=319). Clinical success was achieved in 97.2% (n=321). Early dysfunction (within six months) was positively correlated with @entity1 age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P < 0.005). Older age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P = 0.002) were associated with a lower primary patency rate. @entity1 age (P %lt; 0.001), presence of @entity6 (P = 0.023), length of @entity850 (P = 0.003), early recurrence (P = 0.003) and presence of residual @entity850 (P = 0.014) were associated with a lower secondary patency rate. CONCLUSION: Patency of dysfunctional hemodialysis fistulas can be maintained safely with continuous follow-up and repeated interventions without shortening the venous segment by surgical revision. Percutaneous approach to hemodialysis access @entity850 is an alternative to the conventional surgical approach and PTA is an effective treatment method for dysfunctional @entity2548 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in @entity850 of native hemodialysis XXXX : technical success and analysis of factors affecting postprocedural fistula patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the predictors of technical success and patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of de novo dysfunctional hemodialysis @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of first time PTA in 228 @entity1 (129 @entity1 , 99 @entity1 ; mean age, 56.8  14.6 years). Anatomical (location, length, grade, and number of stenoses) and clinical variables (sex, age, prior @entity2548 , @entity6 , @entity2548 age, side, and location) were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 330 stenoses were found in 228 @entity1 . PTA was technically successful in 96.3% of the stenoses (n=319). Clinical success was achieved in 97.2% (n=321). Early dysfunction (within six months) was positively correlated with @entity1 age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P < 0.005). Older age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P = 0.002) were associated with a lower primary patency rate. @entity1 age (P %lt; 0.001), presence of @entity6 (P = 0.023), length of @entity850 (P = 0.003), early recurrence (P = 0.003) and presence of residual @entity850 (P = 0.014) were associated with a lower secondary patency rate. CONCLUSION: Patency of dysfunctional hemodialysis fistulas can be maintained safely with continuous follow-up and repeated interventions without shortening the venous segment by surgical revision. Percutaneous approach to hemodialysis access @entity850 is an alternative to the conventional surgical approach and PTA is an effective treatment method for dysfunctional @entity2548 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in XXXX of native hemodialysis @entity2548 : technical success and analysis of factors affecting postprocedural fistula patency.

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear why @entity3951 -IgG primarily causes central nervous system lesions by activating complement, but generally spares peripheral @entity3951 -expressing organs. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether peripheral @entity3951 -expressing cells are protected from complement-mediated damage by expressing complement regulators. METHODS: @entity1 tissue and cultured @entity1 cells were immunostained for @entity3951 ( @entity3951 ), @entity806 , @entity9819 and @entity1009 . We also determined the vulnerability to @entity3951 -IgG and complement-mediated damage of astrocytes cultured alone or co-cultured with endothelial cells. RESULTS: In normal brain, astrocyte end-feet express @entity3951 , but are devoid of @entity806 , @entity9819 and @entity1009 . Immunoreactivity for @entity806 , @entity9819 and @entity1009 is not increased in or around @entity1652 lesions. In kidney @entity3951 is co-expressed with @entity806 and @entity9819 , in stomach @entity3951 is co-expressed with @entity806 and in skeletal muscle @entity3951 is co-expressed with @entity806 . Astrocytes cultured alone co-express @entity3951 and @entity1009 but, in astrocyte-endothelial co-cultures, @entity3951 is found in cell processes devoid of @entity1009 . Astrocytes co-cultured with endothelial cells are more vulnerable to @entity3951 -IgG and complement-mediated lysis than astrocytes cultured alone. CONCLUSIONS: Complement regulators protect peripheral organs, but not the central nervous system, from @entity3951 -IgG and complement-mediated damage. Our findings may explain why @entity1652 primarily damages the central nervous system, but spares peripheral organs.

title: Role of membrane complement regulators in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity190 after cardiac surgery can be caused by impaired platelet (PLT) function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Desmopressin or @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) is a synthetic analog of vasopressin. @entity7062 can increase the level of @entity2880 factor VIII, thus it may enhance PLT function and improve coagulation. In this study, we assessed the effects of @entity7062 on @entity1423 and @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery (from October 2010 to June 2011) were divided into @entity7062 group (n = 52) and control group (n = 50). A dose of @entity7062 (0.3  g/kg) was administered to the @entity1 intravenously when they were being re-warmed. At the same time, an equal volume of saline was given to the @entity1 in the control group. @entity1423 rate was measured with the AggRAM four-way @entity1423 measurement instrument. The @entity190 and transfusion, hemoglobin levels, PLT counts, and urine outputs at different time were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity190 in the first 6 h was significantly reduced in @entity7062 group (202    119 ml vs. 258    143 ml, P = 0.023). The incidence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion was decreased postoperatively in @entity7062 group (3.8% vs. 12%, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in the @entity1423 , urine volumes, red blood cell transfusions and @entity190 after 24 h between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity7062 can reduce the first 6 h @entity190 and FFP transfusion postoperatively in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery, but has no effect on @entity1423 .

title: Effect of desmopressin on XXXX and @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['DDAVP', '1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['PLT aggregation']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand factor and coagulation']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity190 after cardiac surgery can be caused by impaired platelet (PLT) function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Desmopressin or @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) is a synthetic analog of vasopressin. @entity7062 can increase the level of @entity2880 factor VIII, thus it may enhance PLT function and improve coagulation. In this study, we assessed the effects of @entity7062 on @entity1423 and @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery (from October 2010 to June 2011) were divided into @entity7062 group (n = 52) and control group (n = 50). A dose of @entity7062 (0.3  g/kg) was administered to the @entity1 intravenously when they were being re-warmed. At the same time, an equal volume of saline was given to the @entity1 in the control group. @entity1423 rate was measured with the AggRAM four-way @entity1423 measurement instrument. The @entity190 and transfusion, hemoglobin levels, PLT counts, and urine outputs at different time were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity190 in the first 6 h was significantly reduced in @entity7062 group (202    119 ml vs. 258    143 ml, P = 0.023). The incidence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion was decreased postoperatively in @entity7062 group (3.8% vs. 12%, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in the @entity1423 , urine volumes, red blood cell transfusions and @entity190 after 24 h between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity7062 can reduce the first 6 h @entity190 and FFP transfusion postoperatively in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery, but has no effect on @entity1423 .

title: Effect of desmopressin on @entity1423 and XXXX in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery.

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity190 after cardiac surgery can be caused by impaired platelet (PLT) function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Desmopressin or @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) is a synthetic analog of vasopressin. @entity7062 can increase the level of @entity2880 factor VIII, thus it may enhance PLT function and improve coagulation. In this study, we assessed the effects of @entity7062 on @entity1423 and @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery (from October 2010 to June 2011) were divided into @entity7062 group (n = 52) and control group (n = 50). A dose of @entity7062 (0.3  g/kg) was administered to the @entity1 intravenously when they were being re-warmed. At the same time, an equal volume of saline was given to the @entity1 in the control group. @entity1423 rate was measured with the AggRAM four-way @entity1423 measurement instrument. The @entity190 and transfusion, hemoglobin levels, PLT counts, and urine outputs at different time were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity190 in the first 6 h was significantly reduced in @entity7062 group (202    119 ml vs. 258    143 ml, P = 0.023). The incidence of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion was decreased postoperatively in @entity7062 group (3.8% vs. 12%, P = 0.015). There was no significant difference in the @entity1423 , urine volumes, red blood cell transfusions and @entity190 after 24 h between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity7062 can reduce the first 6 h @entity190 and FFP transfusion postoperatively in @entity1 undergoing valvular heart surgery, but has no effect on @entity1423 .

title: Effect of desmopressin on @entity1423 and @entity190 in XXXX undergoing valvular heart surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity45411 (AS) on the mechanical function, tissue @entity972 content, and tissue @entity460 content were studied in the isolated, arterially perfused newborn and adult @entity95 septum. Newborn and adult muscles were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, or 5.0 X 10(-6) M AS. 42K and 47Ca were used in the measurement of tissue uptakes of these ions. The inotropic effect of AS in the newborn was equal to that in the adult for AS concentrations less than 1.0 X 10(-6) M but was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in the adult at higher concentrations. In muscles perfused with solutions containing AS concentrations higher than 0.5 X 10(-6) M in the adult and 1 X 10(-6) M in the newborn, contractility increased initially and then decreased (mechanical @entity137 ). @entity137 in the adult occurred sooner than in the newborn. A decrease in tissue @entity972 and an increase in tissue @entity460 were observed immediately after AS infusion in the two age groups. The rates of tissue @entity972 loss and @entity460 gain in the newborn were not significantly different from those in the adult. @entity137 in the newborn was less than that in the adult for an equal amount of tissue @entity972 loss and/or tissue @entity460 gain. These data indicate that, in the isolated arterially perfused septal preparation, the newborn myocardium tolerates larger concentrations of AS, resulting in a greater inotropic effect which is observed before the onset of @entity137 .

title: Effect of @entity45411 on myocardial function and K+ and Ca2+ exchange in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Mechanical toxicity']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity45411 :: ('MESH:C004681', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylstrophanthidin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The effects of @entity45411 (AS) on the mechanical function, tissue @entity972 content, and tissue @entity460 content were studied in the isolated, arterially perfused newborn and adult @entity95 septum. Newborn and adult muscles were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, or 5.0 X 10(-6) M AS. 42K and 47Ca were used in the measurement of tissue uptakes of these ions. The inotropic effect of AS in the newborn was equal to that in the adult for AS concentrations less than 1.0 X 10(-6) M but was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in the adult at higher concentrations. In muscles perfused with solutions containing AS concentrations higher than 0.5 X 10(-6) M in the adult and 1 X 10(-6) M in the newborn, contractility increased initially and then decreased (mechanical @entity137 ). @entity137 in the adult occurred sooner than in the newborn. A decrease in tissue @entity972 and an increase in tissue @entity460 were observed immediately after AS infusion in the two age groups. The rates of tissue @entity972 loss and @entity460 gain in the newborn were not significantly different from those in the adult. @entity137 in the newborn was less than that in the adult for an equal amount of tissue @entity972 loss and/or tissue @entity460 gain. These data indicate that, in the isolated arterially perfused septal preparation, the newborn myocardium tolerates larger concentrations of AS, resulting in a greater inotropic effect which is observed before the onset of @entity137 .

title: Effect of XXXX on myocardial function and K+ and Ca2+ exchange in newborn @entity95 .

answer: @entity45411 :: (MESH:C004681,Chemical) :: ['acetylstrophanthidin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effects of electronic @entity1239 delivery system (ENDS) or also termed electronic cigarette vapor on the laryngeal mucosa of @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen female @entity35 albino @entity35 were divided into two groups. The study group was exposed to ENDS vapor for 1  hour/day for 4  weeks. The control group was not subjected to any chemical or physical stimulus. The vocal folds of the study and control group @entity35 were evaluated histopathologically by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining and immunohistochemically by Ki67 staining. Epithelial distribution, @entity32 , @entity1373 , and @entity4648 were evaluated. RESULTS: Epithelial distribution and @entity32 did not differ between the two groups. Two cases of @entity1373 were detected in the study group but there was no @entity1373 in the control group. Four cases of @entity4648 were detected in the study group and one case in the control group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the study and control groups (P  =  0.131 and 0.106, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ENDS for 4  weeks caused @entity1373 and @entity4648 of the laryngeal mucosa of @entity35 but this was not significant statistically. These results implemented that further studies with larger cohort and longer duration are required to evaluate long-term effects.

title: Effects of Electronic XXXX Delivery System on Larynx: Experimental Study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: Recent studies have posited that machine learning (ML) techniques accurately classify individuals with and without @entity158 solely based on neuroimaging data. These studies claim that self-report is unreliable, making "objective" neuroimaging classification methods imperative. However, the relative performance of ML on neuroimaging and self-report data have not been compared. This study used commonly reported ML algorithms to measure differences between "objective" neuroimaging data and "subjective" self-report (ie, mood and @entity158 intensity) in their ability to discriminate between individuals with and without @entity1118 . Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 26 individuals (14 individuals with @entity239 and 12 healthy controls) were processed to derive volumes from 56 brain regions per @entity1 . Self-report data included visual analog scale ratings for @entity158 intensity and mood (ie, anger, @entity148 , @entity308 , frustration, and fear). Separate models representing brain volumes, mood ratings, and @entity158 intensity ratings were estimated across several ML algorithms. Classification accuracy of brain volumes ranged from 53 to 76%, whereas mood and @entity158 intensity ratings ranged from 79 to 96% and 83 to 96%, respectively. Overall, models derived from self-report data outperformed neuroimaging models by an average of 22%. Although neuroimaging clearly provides useful insights for understanding neural mechanisms underlying @entity158 processing, self-report is reliable and accurate and continues to be clinically vital. PERSPECTIVE: The present study compares neuroimaging, self-reported mood, and self-reported @entity158 intensity data in their ability to classify individuals with and without @entity239 using ML algorithms. Overall, models derived from self-reported mood and @entity158 intensity data outperformed structural neuroimaging models.

title: Comparison of machine classification algorithms for XXXX : neuroimages versus self-report.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: Ocular and periocular @entity130 are common reasons for emergency department visits. In fact, an estimated 2 million Americans suffer @entity4858 each year. Evaluation and treatment of physical and @entity4858 and eyelids begin with a systematic examination. Visual acuity and pupillary reaction should be assessed first. Evaluation of the eye should precede examination of the periocular structures due to the potential for causing further damage to a full-thickness @entity4858 with manipulation of the eyelids. Physical @entity130 to the eyes and periocular structures include lacerations, abrasions, foreign bodies, and @entity542 and can range from minor irritation to visual devastation. @entity130 can be divided into alkali and acid @entity130 . @entity2741 are more common, due to the prevalent use of alkali substances in industrial and home cleaning applications, and usually result in more serious @entity130 . Definitive care of chemical @entity130 ranges from topical antibiotics to full-thickness skin grafts with the goal of preventing cicatricial scarring and exposure of the ocular surface. Familiarity with the various types of ocular and periocular @entity130 is important for all medical professionals and is critical to providing the most appropriate management.

title: Physical and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Alkali burns']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Chemical injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries', 'chemical injuries to the eyes', 'ocular injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['chemical injuries to eyes and eyelids']


abstract: To generate quantitative data relating to the potential @entity101 activity of @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), 140 and 560 microunits @entity1831 /kg/min were infused chronically in both normotensive @entity235 and @entity235 made @entity101 by chronic infusion of either angiotensin II (AII) or @entity1369 . The lower rate of @entity1831 infusion increased plasma @entity1831 concentration from 0.4 +/- 0.1 microunits/ml. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded 24 hours per day, and all @entity235 were infused continuously with 800 ml of isotonic saline per day. During the initial days of @entity1831 infusion in normotensive @entity235 , natriuresis, kaliuresis, and water retention were prominent and MAP increased progressively to a peak on Day 6 (30 mm Hg above control). Subsequently, diuresis ensued, net water retention decreased, and MAP fell progressively to only 13 mm Hg above control by Day 12 of @entity1831 infusion. In contrast, in AII or @entity1369 @entity101 @entity235 during @entity1831 infusion, the natriuresis was greatly attenuated, water balance was unchanged or even negative, and MAP either did not increase or increased only transiently. When @entity1831 infusion was terminated in @entity235 given only @entity1831 , diuresis occurred, and MAP fell gradually over a period of hours to @entity101 levels. In marked contrast, cessation of @entity1831 infusion in @entity235 with either AII or @entity1369 @entity101 was associated with a precipitous fall in MAP of 35 to 40 mm Hg within 1 hour: however, this reduction was only transient - over the subsequent hours, both salt and water retention occurred, and MAP returned to previous @entity101 levels. Thus, in the @entity101 models studied, high plasma levels of @entity1831 had relatively weak @entity101 effects. Although variations in plasma @entity1831 concentration were associated with rather pronounced acute effects on MAP, the long-term changes in MAP produced by @entity1831 were either minimal or, in the case of the animals made @entity101 by other agents, nonexistent.

title: Is vasopressin an important XXXX hormone?

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']