abstract: A case of 19-year-old male @entity1 reported with the chief complaint of slowly growing diffuse @entity4 over the right part of the face from last 6 months. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling on right side of palate in relation to molar region with buccal cortical plate expansion. Radiographic examination (orthopantograph and 3DCT) showed large multilocular radiolucency in right maxilla with generalized @entity393 . Incisional biopsy was done and specimen was sent for histopathological examination which showed multinucleated giant cells containing 15-30 nuclei. Based on clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings provisional diagnosis of @entity2253 was made. Blood tests after histopathology demonstrated elevated serum @entity460 level and alkaline phosphatase level. Immunoassay of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) level was found to be highly elevated. Radiographic examination of long bones like humerus and femur, mandible, and skull was also done which showed @entity75 . Considering the clinical, radiographic, histopathological, and blood investigation findings, final diagnosis of @entity5 of maxilla was made. The @entity1 underwent partial parathyroidectomy under general anaesthesia to control @entity459 . Surgical @entity75 was done by curettage. The @entity1 has been followed up for 1 year with no @entity260 and the lesion healed uneventfully.

title: XXXX : first expression of @entity459 .

answer: @entity2253 :: (MESH:D006101,Disease) :: ['Central giant cell granuloma of posterior maxilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The role of Billroth I (BI) subtotal gastrectomy (SG) for @entity356 ( @entity356 ) remains controversial in Western countries. The aim of the study is to critically analyze the long term outcomes of this procedure in a large single-institution experience. METHODOLOGY: Between 1990 and 2004, 158 @entity1 underwent BI SG for @entity356 at the Regina Elena Cancer Institute of Rome. Evaluation focused on @entity5 recurrence of the @entity356 , functional outcome and endoscopic findings. RESULTS: Actuarial survival rate 10 years after resection in stage I-II was 70.7 per cent. After curative resection, primary @entity356 occurred in one @entity1 seven years after resection (0.7 per cent), whereas two @entity1 had early recurrence (1.4 per cent) one and three years postoperatively. There were no oesophageal @entity5 . In survivors, Visick grades I and II achieved 95 per cent, and postoperative endoscopy showed no evidence of mucosal changes in 85 per cent of the @entity1 . Twelve per cent of the @entity1 took acid blocker regularly, however, the incidence of functional failure was 5 per cent. CONCLUSIONS: In selected @entity1 , Billroth I subtotal gastrectomy is a safe and effective procedure that provides long-term survival and very good functional outcome.

title: XXXX : long term outcomes of Billroth I reconstruction at a single European institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric stump', 'cancer of the gastric stump', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of porous @entity691 with embedded @entity702 in the repair of orbital blowout @entity174 . The study was designed as a prospective case series. @entity1 who were diagnosed with orbital blowout @entity174 from May 2012 to March 2013 were included in the study. A composite material of porous @entity691 and @entity702 mesh was used. Orbital volumes before and after surgery were measured, and the results of @entity892 and @entity1319 were recorded. The occurrence of @entity892 was grouped and compared according to the time interval between injury and surgery. The incidence of other complications was also recorded. A total of 26 @entity1 were involved in the study. The minimal follow-up time was 12 months. All surgeries were performed uneventfully. The orbital volume significantly decreased after the surgery, and the remission rate and the elimination rate of @entity892 in 12 months were 85.7% and 47.6%, respectively. @entity86 was correlated with the time interval between injury and surgery. One @entity1 presented with undercorrection of enophthalmos, and another @entity1 presented with acute aggravation of @entity892 and exophthalmos after surgery, which was resolved with treatment. In conclusion, porous @entity691 with embedded @entity702 was effective and safe in the repair of orbital blowout @entity174 , and studies with more subjects and longer follow-up period are recommended in future studies.

title: Treatment of Orbital Blowout Fracture Using Porous XXXX With Embedded @entity702 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative diplopia']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['ocular movement']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of porous @entity691 with embedded @entity702 in the repair of orbital blowout @entity174 . The study was designed as a prospective case series. @entity1 who were diagnosed with orbital blowout @entity174 from May 2012 to March 2013 were included in the study. A composite material of porous @entity691 and @entity702 mesh was used. Orbital volumes before and after surgery were measured, and the results of @entity892 and @entity1319 were recorded. The occurrence of @entity892 was grouped and compared according to the time interval between injury and surgery. The incidence of other complications was also recorded. A total of 26 @entity1 were involved in the study. The minimal follow-up time was 12 months. All surgeries were performed uneventfully. The orbital volume significantly decreased after the surgery, and the remission rate and the elimination rate of @entity892 in 12 months were 85.7% and 47.6%, respectively. @entity86 was correlated with the time interval between injury and surgery. One @entity1 presented with undercorrection of enophthalmos, and another @entity1 presented with acute aggravation of @entity892 and exophthalmos after surgery, which was resolved with treatment. In conclusion, porous @entity691 with embedded @entity702 was effective and safe in the repair of orbital blowout @entity174 , and studies with more subjects and longer follow-up period are recommended in future studies.

title: Treatment of Orbital Blowout Fracture Using Porous @entity691 With Embedded XXXX .

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although neurological and neurocognitive outcomes have previously been studied after resection of diffuse @entity11 (DLGG), the impact of surgery on sexual life has not been investigated. Our aim was to assess whether DLGG surgery could have consequences on sexual experience. METHODS: Anonymous standardized questionnaires concerning sexual functioning, including the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) and a subjective statement, were completed by 32 @entity1 who underwent surgery for DLGG. All @entity1 returned to a normal social and professional life following resection, with neither @entity51 nor @entity308 . No radiotherapy was administered, and @entity1 who received chemotherapy were without treatment for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (53%) reported a postoperative sexual change, with subjective deterioration in 15 (88%) and improvement in 2 (12%). @entity250 according to ASEX affected 9 of 15 @entity1 (60%) and 5 of 17 @entity1 (29%). Right-sided resections were associated with more difficulties in reaching orgasm than left-sided resections (P < .02). @entity1 with temporal lobe resection displayed more reduction in sexual drive (P < .003) and sexual arousal (P < .004) than @entity1 , resulting in significant higher overall ASEX scores for temporal lobe resections in @entity1 (P = .01). @entity1 remaining on antiepileptic drugs who underwent right-sided resection displayed higher overall ASEX scores than @entity1 (P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: This first evaluation of sexual life after surgery for DLGG suggests that @entity250 is common in this population. Therefore, we suggest that sexual health should consistently be addressed during routine pre- and postoperative examination of @entity1 with DLGG.

title: Sexuality after surgery for diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of studies of ocular blood flow (BF) regulation of @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) and @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) are presented. METHODS AND @entity1 : Examinations were carried out with the "OPFA", a newly developed ocular pressure flow analyzer (producer: tpm L  neburg) on 92 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity726 , among whom 48 @entity1 had @entity725 , 22 NTG and 22 @entity2790 , and compared with age-matched groups of healthy subjects. The OPFA uses pneumatic coupling through special scleral suction cups to record ocular pulses with highly sensitive transducers and a suction pump for simultaneously increasing intraocular pressure (IOP). Following local drop anaesthesia on both eyes, IOP is artificially raised to suprasystolic values. While continuously lowering IOP, the ocular pulse is then recorded with increasing ocular perfusion pressure. We obtain the relative ocular pulse blood volume by correlating the ocular pulse amplitudes with a calibration volume of 1     l. This enables us to collect reproducible data on intra- and inter-individual pulse blood volume (PVoc). The ocular perfusion pressure pulse blood volume curve characterizes the respective individual ocular circulation as well as systolic and diastolic ocular perfusion pressures. RESULTS: In healthy subjects, the ocular pulse blood volume remains stable over a certain range of ocular perfusion pressure (ppoc) changes. After exceeding a critical point (CP), the ocular pulse blood volume drops. We refer to the difference between the CP and IOP as the autoregulatory capacity (AC). In @entity1 with @entity725 and in @entity1 with NTG, the AC was reduced significantly compared with the groups of healthy subjects. The mean AC of @entity1 with @entity2790 remained within the normal range. The ROC curves showed at an optimal cut-off value for @entity725 a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 97.9%, for NTG a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 100%. In @entity1 with @entity725 and @entity2790 , the ocular arterial pressures were elevated. In @entity1 with NTG they remained unchanged compared with the healthy subjects. The ocular perfusion pressures did not change in @entity725 as well as in NTG and @entity2790 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity725 and in @entity1 with NTG the ocular BF regulation was impaired and detected by the OPFA device with a high level of reliability. Ocular arterial blood pressures were increased as a result of vascular regulation to keep up the ocular perfusion pressure and to maintain ocular perfusion.

title: [Ocular Blood Flow Regulation in XXXX - Examination with the Ocular Pressure Flow Analyzer (OPFA)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['OH', 'ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucomas']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: @entity155 @entity174 of the pelvic apophyses rarely occur in adolescent athletes in the course of sudden strong contraction of muscle attached to growth cartilage. This injury may usually be misdiagnosed for tendon or @entity121 . @entity1 's history, physical examination, and radiologic studies are important for diagnosis. The literature includes only a few case reports but no case series as yet. The aim of this study was to present the results of 5 cases of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) @entity174 treated conservatively.The study included 5 @entity1 (4 male, 1 female, mean age 13.6 years) who underwent conservative treatment for AIIS @entity174 and had an adequate follow-up. All @entity1 were admitted to the emergency department and misdiagnosed as @entity121 . Three of them were football player, 1 skier, and 1 fighter.Each @entity1 was treated with immobilization and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At follow-up, all @entity1 showed relief from their @entity158 and mechanical symptoms and regained full range of motion and returned to their previous levels of activity.Diagnosis requires careful attention to the physical examination and imaging. In this series, all pelvic @entity174 (100%) were managed successfully with a conservative approach. Good results and return to previous levels of activity can be achieved with conservative treatment.

title: Anterior inferior iliac spine XXXX fracture: a series of 5 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'avulsion fractures']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle strain']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6794 ( @entity6794 ) is a rare inflammatory @entity7250 for which accurate epidemiological data are limited and therapy remains a challenge. The primary study aim was to examine all cases of @entity6794 observed in our regional department over a 15-year period in order to describe the relevant characteristics and outcome under therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 with @entity6794 from 1997 to 2012 in the Marne department of France were studied retrospectively. Clinical and histological characteristics, comorbidities, therapeutic modalities and outcome were analysed. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were included (30 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ). A classical, ulcerative form was found in 39 cases and @entity6794 was multifocal in 28 cases. The number of lesions did not differ according to age or the presence of comorbidities. The most frequent first-line treatments were @entity3403 (23 cases) and oral @entity288 (15 cases), regardless of age, number of lesions or existence of comorbidities. Complete remission of @entity6794 was obtained in 38 cases (median time to remission: 3 months), with relapse occurring in 17 @entity1 (median time to relapse: 12 months after treatment withdrawal). After a median follow-up of 46 months, 8 @entity1 had died (median time to @entity204 : 26 months after treatment initiation). CONCLUSION: This is the first large French series of @entity1 presenting @entity6794 and enabling determination of the annual incidence within the Marne department at around 4.6 cases/1000,000 inhabitants. Our study illustrates the value of first-line treatment with @entity803 , which merits confirmation by further prospective, controlled studies.

title: [Clinical patterns and treatment of XXXX in a French department].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6794 :: ('MESH:D017511', 'Disease') :: ['Pyoderma gangrenosum', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity6794 :: (MESH:D017511,Disease) :: ['pyoderma gangrenosum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Indications, timing and problems related to augmentation cystoplasty (AC), in the context of @entity340 ( @entity340 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) are ill defined. Associated @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) is not a stable condition and may cause the loss of the renal graft. @entity2011 , accentuates @entity1494 and seems to improve after @entity8 . The objective of this research is to critically review the available literature, aiming to rationalize the treatment of @entity340 with @entity1494 in the context of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A thorough literature review was performed. Pertinent papers were, critically analyzed and classified according to the level of evidence. RESULTS: Data relating to @entity340 , @entity8 and AC showed low levels of evidence. Results of @entity8 in @entity340 cases with adequate management of @entity1494 were comparable to those suffering from other causes of @entity454 . Bladder function can recover spontaneously after urinary undiversion. There were no established criteria to indicate AC in the context of @entity454 and @entity340 or to define the ideal protocol to treat associated @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ). @entity293 ( @entity293 ) were more frequent in transplanted @entity340 @entity1 ; this is possibly related to the inadequate control of @entity1494 , especially after AC. AC is feasible after @entity8 with outcomes comparable to preemptive ones. CONCLUSION: AC increases the risk of UTI after @entity8 . Preemptive AC should be constructed only if the risks associated with increased bladder pressures exceed those associated with AC. Adequate management of @entity1494 is essential to improve bladder function and to minimize @entity293 . AC is feasible after @entity8 , with complication rates similar to the ones performed beforehand. Since a considerable number of @entity340 @entity1 with high-pressure bladders eventually develop @entity177 , it seems logical to postponing AC in this population, as long as they are under close surveillance.

title: Pre-transplant management of XXXX : A critical literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'renal transplantation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'PUV']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTIs', 'Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['valve bladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16523 is the most common @entity74 known. It is caused by a @entity942 of the @entity2881 molecule. Bleeding risk varies between modest increases in @entity548 seen only with procedures to major risk of spontaneous @entity548 depending upon the type of @entity16523 . The treatment approach to @entity16523 has changed little in the past 2 decades, but there are numerous subtleties in optimal management. Management includes the prevention or treatment of @entity548 by raising endogenous @entity2881 levels with medications such as desmopressin or providing exogenous @entity2881 concentrates. Fibrinolytic inhibitors and topical hemostatic agents are also effective adjunctive measures. Bleeding specific to @entity1 presents a special challenge because of heavy @entity548 and pregnancy. Successful management of pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity16523 involves coordination with obstetrics, anesthesia, and the coagulation laboratory monitoring @entity2881 :RCo and FVIII:C levels. Prophylactic treatment with @entity2881 concentrates is emerging as an effective preventive therapy in @entity1 with severe disease. Antibodies to @entity2881 present a special challenge in the management of rare @entity1 with type 3 disease. New therapies on the horizon include recombinant @entity2881 , anti- @entity2881 aptamers, and medications such as @entity4382 to raise @entity2881 levels. The key to effective treatment of @entity16523 is an accurate diagnosis of the specific type and selection of hemostatic products appropriate for the clinical situation.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency or dysfunction']

answer: @entity16523 :: (MESH:D056729,Disease) :: ['VWD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite well-established sex differences in the performance on tests of several cognitive domains (e.g., visuospatial ability), few studies in @entity1 have evaluated if these sex differences are evident both in the presence of circulating sex hormones and during sex @entity479 hormonal suppression. Sex differences identified in the relative absence of circulating levels of @entity53 and @entity251 suggest that differences in brain structure or function exist independent of current hormonal environment and are more likely a reflection of differing developmental exposures and/or genetic substrates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cognitive performance in healthy eugonadal @entity1 and @entity1 before and again during @entity1176 agonist-induced @entity6126 . METHODS: @entity1 (n=16) and @entity1 (n=15) without medical or @entity146 were matched for IQ. Cognitive tests were performed at baseline (when eugonadal) and after 6-8 weeks of GnRH agonist-induced gonadal suppression. The test batteries included measures of verbal and spatial memory, spatial ability, verbal fluency, motor speed/dexterity, and attention/concentration. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures models. RESULTS: During both eugonadism and @entity6126 , @entity1 performed significantly better than @entity1 on several measures of visuospatial performance including @entity717 , line orientation, Money Road Map, Porteus maze, and complex figure drawing. Although some test performances showed an effect of hormone treatment, the majority of these differences reflected an improved performance during @entity6126 compared with baseline (and probably reflected practice effects). CONCLUSION: The well-documented male advantage in visuospatial performance, which we observed during eugonadal conditions, was maintained in the context of short-term suppression of gonadal function in both @entity1 and @entity1 . These findings suggest that, in @entity1 , sex differences in visuospatial performance are not merely dependent on differences in the current circulating sex @entity479 environment. Thus sex differences in visuospatial performance in adulthood could reflect early developmental effects of sex @entity479 exposure or other environmental exposures differing across the sexes as our data confirm that these differences are independent of circulating @entity53 or @entity251 levels in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in visuospatial abilities persist during induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental rotation']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadism']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how often distant @entity3 occur in localized @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The investigators hypothesize that abdominal sonography and chest X-ray may not be necessary for initial staging of early @entity957 in UICC stage I/II. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The investigators implemented a retrospective study. The study collective was composed of 124 @entity1 with @entity957 , who were treated in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery during the years 2011-2015 at the University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany. We focused on age, gender, date of diagnosis, @entity5 stage (clinical and pathological), HPV status, occurrence of @entity3 , recurrences, date and frequency of staging and restaging (abdominal sonography, chest X-ray, CT Abdomen/Thorax, PET CT), follow up time and date of @entity204 . Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed (chi-square test) and the P value was set at .05. RESULTS: 19 distant @entity3 were found in 13 out of 124 @entity1 (10.48%). Of those 20 @entity3 5 were found in the liver (26.32%), 11 in the lung (57.89%) and 4 in the bone (15.79%). Hepatic @entity3 co-occurred in every case with pulmonary @entity3 . In one case bone @entity3 occurred without the presence of pulmonary @entity3 . There was no significant correlation of @entity3 rate to T stage. But distant @entity3 were solely found in node positive @entity1 . This was significant for pulmonary @entity3 , not for liver @entity3 . Only one out of 11 pulmonary @entity3 was diagnosed by chest X-ray. CONCLUSION: Abdominal sonography and chest X-ray can be omitted as a standard procedure in staging of localized node negative @entity957 . A thoracic CT including the liver should be performed in @entity1 with suspected lymph nodes @entity3 in the neck on CT. A skeletal scintigraphy or alternatively a PET/PET-CT should be added if there are signs and symptoms suspicious for bone @entity3 .

title: The benefit of abdominal sonography and chest X-ray for staging XXXX in stages UICC I and II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Brief bursts of @entity6470 noise during MR data acquisition ("k-space spikes") cause disruptive image artifacts, manifesting as stripes overlaid on the image. @entity6470 noise is often related to hardware problems, including vibrations during gradient-heavy sequences, such as diffusion-weighted imaging. In this study, we present an application of the Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) algorithm to remove spike noise from k-space. METHODS: Corrupted k-space matrices were decomposed into their low-rank and sparse components using the RPCA algorithm, such that spikes were contained within the sparse component and artifact-free k-space data remained in the @entity258 . Automated center refilling was applied to keep the peaked central cluster of k-space from misclassification in the sparse component. RESULTS: This algorithm was demonstrated to effectively remove k-space spikes from four data types under conditions generating spikes: (i) @entity19 heart T1 mapping, (ii) @entity19 heart cine imaging, (iii) @entity1 kidney diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, and (iv) @entity1 brain DTI data. Myocardial T1 values changed by 86.1        171 ms following despiking, and fractional anisotropy values were recovered following despiking of DTI data. CONCLUSION: The RPCA despiking algorithm will be a valuable postprocessing method for retrospectively removing stripe artifacts without affecting the underlying signal of interest. Magn Reson Med, 2015.    2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

title: Using the robust principal component analysis algorithm to remove XXXX spike artifacts from MR images.

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-rank component']

answer: @entity6470 :: (MESH:C538347,Disease) :: ['RF']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thus far, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy of @entity5 was primarily based on in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DCs, which require extensive in vitro manipulation. Here, we report on a clinical study exploiting primary @entity4897 (+) myeloid DCs, naturally circulating in the blood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fourteen stage IV @entity320 @entity1 , without previous systemic treatment for @entity3 , received autologous @entity4897 (+) myeloid DCs, activated by only brief (16 hours) ex vivo culture and loaded with @entity5 -associated antigens of @entity11442 and @entity9857 . RESULTS: Our results show that therapeutic vaccination against @entity320 with small amounts (3-10 * 10(6)) of myeloid DCs is feasible and without substantial @entity137 . Four of 14 @entity1 showed long-term progression-free survival (12-35 months), which directly correlated with the development of multifunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses in three of these @entity1 . In particular, high @entity3220 expression, indicative for cytolytic activity, and IFNy as well as @entity310 and @entity12868 production was observed. Apparently, these T-cell responses are essential to induce @entity5 regression and promote long-term survival by stalling @entity5 growth. CONCLUSIONS: We show that vaccination of @entity320 @entity1 with primary myeloid DCs is feasible and safe and results in induction of effective antitumor immune responses that coincide with improved progression-free survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2155-66.   2015 AACR.

title: Effective Clinical Responses in XXXX @entity1 after Vaccination with Primary Myeloid Dendritic Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Metastatic Melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thus far, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy of @entity5 was primarily based on in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DCs, which require extensive in vitro manipulation. Here, we report on a clinical study exploiting primary @entity4897 (+) myeloid DCs, naturally circulating in the blood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fourteen stage IV @entity320 @entity1 , without previous systemic treatment for @entity3 , received autologous @entity4897 (+) myeloid DCs, activated by only brief (16 hours) ex vivo culture and loaded with @entity5 -associated antigens of @entity11442 and @entity9857 . RESULTS: Our results show that therapeutic vaccination against @entity320 with small amounts (3-10 * 10(6)) of myeloid DCs is feasible and without substantial @entity137 . Four of 14 @entity1 showed long-term progression-free survival (12-35 months), which directly correlated with the development of multifunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses in three of these @entity1 . In particular, high @entity3220 expression, indicative for cytolytic activity, and IFNy as well as @entity310 and @entity12868 production was observed. Apparently, these T-cell responses are essential to induce @entity5 regression and promote long-term survival by stalling @entity5 growth. CONCLUSIONS: We show that vaccination of @entity320 @entity1 with primary myeloid DCs is feasible and safe and results in induction of effective antitumor immune responses that coincide with improved progression-free survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2155-66.   2015 AACR.

title: Effective Clinical Responses in @entity320 XXXX after Vaccination with Primary Myeloid Dendritic Cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for specific and sensitive imaging techniques to assess the efficacy of @entity0 therapy, particularly @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . Ultrasonic microbubbles are being developed for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, nanobubbles circulate longer, are smaller, and diffuse into extravascular tissue to specifically bind target molecules. Here, we characterize a novel Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble for use against @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . METHODS: Phospholipid-shelled nanobubbles conjugated with Herceptin (NBs-Her) were fabricated using a thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro in @entity0 cell lines and in vivo in a @entity19 model. RESULTS: The average size of the unconjugated nanobubbles (NBs-Blank) and NBs-Her was 447.1      18.4 and 613.0      25.4  nm, respectively. In cell culture, the NBs-Her adhered to @entity7171 -positive cells significantly better than to @entity7171 -negative cells (p  <  0.05). In vivo, the peak intensity and the half-time to washout of the NBs-Her were significantly greater than those of the NBs-Blank (p  <  0.05). In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging quality was improved through the use of the NBs-Her. The nanobubbles were able to penetrate into @entity5 tissue to allow extravascular imaging, but did not penetrate normal skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble had many properties that made it useful for in vivo imaging, including longer circulation time and better @entity5 selectivity. This platform may be able to provide targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs or genes.

title: Production and characterization of a novel long-acting Herceptin-targeted nanobubble contrast agent specific for @entity7171 -positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for specific and sensitive imaging techniques to assess the efficacy of @entity0 therapy, particularly @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . Ultrasonic microbubbles are being developed for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, nanobubbles circulate longer, are smaller, and diffuse into extravascular tissue to specifically bind target molecules. Here, we characterize a novel Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble for use against @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . METHODS: Phospholipid-shelled nanobubbles conjugated with Herceptin (NBs-Her) were fabricated using a thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro in @entity0 cell lines and in vivo in a @entity19 model. RESULTS: The average size of the unconjugated nanobubbles (NBs-Blank) and NBs-Her was 447.1      18.4 and 613.0      25.4  nm, respectively. In cell culture, the NBs-Her adhered to @entity7171 -positive cells significantly better than to @entity7171 -negative cells (p  <  0.05). In vivo, the peak intensity and the half-time to washout of the NBs-Her were significantly greater than those of the NBs-Blank (p  <  0.05). In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging quality was improved through the use of the NBs-Her. The nanobubbles were able to penetrate into @entity5 tissue to allow extravascular imaging, but did not penetrate normal skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble had many properties that made it useful for in vivo imaging, including longer circulation time and better @entity5 selectivity. This platform may be able to provide targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs or genes.

title: Production and characterization of a novel long-acting Herceptin-targeted nanobubble contrast agent specific for XXXX -positive @entity0 .

answer: @entity7171 :: (13866(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Her-2']


abstract: @entity24676 of the tibia (CPT) is an uncommon disease whose etiology and pathogenesis is unknown. Several evidences suggest that decreased osteogenic capacities, @entity455 , and microenvironment alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of CPT. Additionally, it is not clear if the pathogenesis of this disease is related to the absence of cells with osteogenic capacity of differentiation. In this work, a two-year-old @entity1 diagnosed with CPT underwent an orthopedic surgery to promote bone union in a @entity1516 lesion. Tissue from CPT lesion was excised, and histological evaluation and tissue culture were performed. Histologic analysis of the soft CPT lesion showed the presence of highly cellular fibrous tissue, vascularization, and abundant extracellular matrix. Fusiform cells of mesenchymal appearance were observed but osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and adipose cells were not found. There was no evidence of osteogenesis. CPT tissue cultured as explants showed, after one month of culture, evidence of osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis. Cells isolated from explants of CPT tissue showed a fibroblast-like morphology and expressed the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) markers: CD105, @entity12359 , and @entity5399 (CPT-MSC). Functional analysis showed that CPT-MSC differentiate, in vitro, into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipocytic cells. CPT-MSC expressed osteocalcin and agrecan. CPT-MSC produced collagen in the presence of @entity620 . MSC from BM of normal individuals were used as control. In summary, our results indicate that CPT tissue contains MSC with osteogenic capacity of differentiation. It is possible that CPT microenvironment may contribute to impair the osteogenic capacity of differentiation of CPT-MSC.

title: Isolation and Characterization of Multipotential Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from XXXX of the Tibia: Case Report.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['impaired local vascularization']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity24676 :: ('MESH:C535762', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital pseudoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity24676 :: (MESH:C535762,Disease) :: ['Congenital Pseudoarthrosis']


abstract: We report a case of conversion @entity912 after cervical spine arthroplasty performed in a 45-year-old @entity1 to treat cervico- @entity11438 due to a left-sided C6-C7 disc herniation. Upon awakening from the anaesthesia, she had left @entity1158 sparing the face, with normal sensory function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain ruled out a @entity64 . MRI of the spinal cord showed artefacts from the @entity1953 -chrome prosthesis that precluded confident elimination of mechanical @entity1745 . Surgery performed on the same day to substitute a cage for the prosthesis ruled out @entity1745 , while eliminating the source of MRI artefacts. Findings were normal from follow-up MRI scans 1 and 15days later, as well as from neurophysiological testing (electromyogram and motor evoked potentials). The deficit resolved fully within the next 4days. A psychological assessment revealed @entity147 related to an ongoing divorce. The most likely diagnosis was conversion @entity912 . Surgeons should be aware that @entity13299 might develop after a procedure on the spine, although the risk of litigation requires re-operation. Familiarity with specific MRI sequences that minimise artefacts can be valuable. A preoperative psychological assessment might improve the detection of @entity1 at high risk for @entity13299 .

title: Conversion XXXX after cervical spine arthroplasty: a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['brachial neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is an emerging imaging modality in the evaluation of @entity459 ( @entity459 ). We assessed the role of 4DCT in @entity1 presenting for reoperative parathyroidectomy. METHODS: A prospective database of @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity459 undergoing reoperative parathyroidectomy during the years 2006-2014 was analyzed. @entity1 treated before versus after the advent of 4DCT were compared for operative eligibility, operative success, operative time, and concordance of imaging results with surgical findings. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were included in the study (61 before 4DCT, 29 after 4DCT). The post-4DCT group had a higher rate of surgical concordance with imaging results (63 vs. 90  %, p  <  0.01) and shorter operative time (114 vs. 76  min, p  <  0.05). The operative success rate was not different (87 vs. 86 %). A similar pattern was observed in the subset of sestamibi-negative @entity1 , with post-4DCT @entity1 having a higher rate of surgical concordance (12 vs. 83  %, p  <  0.0001) and shorter operative time (181 vs. 89  min, p  <  0.05). Among @entity1 ultimately found to have @entity3243 , 4DCT correctly identified multiple enlarged glands in 80  % (4 of 5) and correctly lateralized one or more glands in 100  % (5 of 5) of cases, facilitating successful subtotal parathyroidectomy in the reoperative setting. CONCLUSIONS: 4DCT enables successful and efficient reoperative parathyroidectomy. These benefits extend to difficult cases, including sestamibi-negative @entity1 and those with missed @entity1373 .

title: Dynamic Parathyroid Computed Tomography (4DCT) Facilitates Reoperative Parathyroidectomy and Enables Cure of Missed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['Hyperplasia']


abstract: To study the changes in the quantity of circulating immune complexes in @entity583 two serial investigations were performed in 45 and 63 @entity1 , respectively. For the detection of circulating immune complexes in the first series, two methods, a complement consumption test and a Clq-solubility test were used. In the second series, a @entity968 ( @entity970 )-precipitation assay was added to these methods. The incidence of circulating immune complexes was studied on the first, third, seventh, 14th, and 21st day. On the first day the complexes were detected in 59% of the @entity1 . Their occurrence increased in the further samplings to 77%, but from the seventh day their concentration decreased and on the 21st day they were detected in 63%. Three types of changes in the level of circulating immune complexes could be shown. In type I immune complexes were detected in the first days after the onset of the @entity1188 , then, after a gradual decrease, the results became negative. In type II immune complexes appeared in the second to third week and their quantity did not alter during the entire observation period. In type III the circulating immune complexes could be detected throughout the whole period of the study. These changes in their concentration were frequently associated with the clinical course of the disease.

title: Serial measurement of circulating immune complexes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives: Pituitary stem cells play a role in the oncogenesis of @entity1 @entity976 ( @entity976 ). We hypothesized that crosstalk between the Wnt/ @entity3546 and @entity4851 ( @entity4851 ) pathways, both of which are important in normal pituitary development, would contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity976 . Design: To explore the mRNA and protein expression of components of the @entity4851 signaling pathway in @entity976 and their relationship with the identification of @entity3546 / @entity3546 mutations and @entity1 outcomes. @entity1 _ Methods: In 18 aCP samples, @entity3546 was sequenced, and the mRNA expression levels of @entity4851 pathway members ( @entity4851 , @entity2750 , @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity1357 , @entity26775 and @entity25181 ) and @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity26775 , @entity25181 , @entity3546 , and Ki67 proteins were evaluated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Anterior normal @entity4611 were used as controls. Associations between molecular findings and clinical data were analyzed. Results: The @entity976 presented higher mRNA expression of @entity4851 (+400-fold change [FC]; P<0.01), @entity8889 (+102-FC; P<0.001) and @entity26775 (+5.1-FC; P<0.01) than normal anterior @entity4611 . Longer disease-free survival was associated with low @entity2751 and @entity25181 mRNA expression (P<0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). @entity3546 / @entity3546 mutations were found in 47% of the samples. @entity976 with identified mutations presented with higher mRNA expression of @entity2751 and @entity8889 (+4.3-FC; P=0.02 and +10.2-FC; P=0.03, respectively). @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity26775 , and @entity25181 staining was found in 85%, 67%, 93%, and 64% of the samples, respectively. Strong @entity8889 and @entity26775 staining was detected in palisade cells, which also labeled Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation. Conclusions: The upregulation of @entity4851 signaling occurs in @entity976 . Thus, activation of Wnt/ @entity3546 and @entity4851 pathways, both of which are important in pituitary embryogenesis, appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of aCP.

title: @entity4851 pathway is up regulated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas', 'aCPs']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives: Pituitary stem cells play a role in the oncogenesis of @entity1 @entity976 ( @entity976 ). We hypothesized that crosstalk between the Wnt/ @entity3546 and @entity4851 ( @entity4851 ) pathways, both of which are important in normal pituitary development, would contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity976 . Design: To explore the mRNA and protein expression of components of the @entity4851 signaling pathway in @entity976 and their relationship with the identification of @entity3546 / @entity3546 mutations and @entity1 outcomes. @entity1 _ Methods: In 18 aCP samples, @entity3546 was sequenced, and the mRNA expression levels of @entity4851 pathway members ( @entity4851 , @entity2750 , @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity1357 , @entity26775 and @entity25181 ) and @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity26775 , @entity25181 , @entity3546 , and Ki67 proteins were evaluated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Anterior normal @entity4611 were used as controls. Associations between molecular findings and clinical data were analyzed. Results: The @entity976 presented higher mRNA expression of @entity4851 (+400-fold change [FC]; P<0.01), @entity8889 (+102-FC; P<0.001) and @entity26775 (+5.1-FC; P<0.01) than normal anterior @entity4611 . Longer disease-free survival was associated with low @entity2751 and @entity25181 mRNA expression (P<0.01 and P=0.02, respectively). @entity3546 / @entity3546 mutations were found in 47% of the samples. @entity976 with identified mutations presented with higher mRNA expression of @entity2751 and @entity8889 (+4.3-FC; P=0.02 and +10.2-FC; P=0.03, respectively). @entity2751 , @entity8889 , @entity26775 , and @entity25181 staining was found in 85%, 67%, 93%, and 64% of the samples, respectively. Strong @entity8889 and @entity26775 staining was detected in palisade cells, which also labeled Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation. Conclusions: The upregulation of @entity4851 signaling occurs in @entity976 . Thus, activation of Wnt/ @entity3546 and @entity4851 pathways, both of which are important in pituitary embryogenesis, appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of aCP.

title: XXXX pathway is up regulated in @entity976 .

answer: @entity4851 :: (6469,Gene) :: ['Sonic Hedgehog']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In Sweden, reports indicate surprisingly large regional variation in prescription of biological drugs despite a growing number of clinical studies describing their beneficial effects and guidelines by professional organizations and agencies. Our objectives were to ascertain whether there is also variation between individual rheumatologists in prescribing biologics to @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to evaluate reasons for treatment choices. METHOD: Ten hypothetical @entity1 cases were constructed and presented to 26 rheumatologists in five regions in Sweden. The cases were based on actual cases and were thoroughly elaborated by a senior rheumatologist and pre-tested in a pilot study. The respondents were asked whether they would treat the @entity1 with a biological agent (Yes/No) and to explain their decisions. RESULTS: The response rate was 26/105 (25%). Treatment choices varied considerably between the rheumatologists, some prescribing biologics to 9/10 @entity1 and others to 2/10. In five of the 10 hypothetical cases, approximately half of the respondents would prescribe biologics. No regions with particularly high or low prescription were identified. Both the decisions to prescribe biologics and also not to prescribe biologics were mainly motivated by medical reasons. Some rheumatologists also referred to lifestyle-related factors or the social function of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The choice of initiation of biologics varied substantially among rheumatologists presented with hypothetical @entity1 cases, and there were also disparities between rheumatologists practicing at the same clinic. Treatment choices were motivated primarily by medical reasons. This situation raises concerns about a lack of consensus in @entity309 treatment strategies.

title: Individual variations in treatment decisions by Swedish rheumatologists regarding biological drugs for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1952 is a clinical sign and not a disease. The etiology of @entity1952 is diverse, some of which may be life threatening. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of all adult @entity1 aged 16 years and above with nonglaucomatous @entity1952 at the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital over a 4-year period was conducted. RESULTS: One hundred and four @entity1 had nonglaucomatous @entity1952 . There were 58 males and 46 females with a male:female of 1.3:1. Their ages ranged from 16 to 83 years with a mean age of 49.2    17.74 years. Majority (75%) of the @entity1 were in the age range of 31-70 years. One hundred and fifty-seven eyes were affected with bilateral involvement in 53 @entity1 . The etiology was unknown in 47 (45.2%) @entity1 . @entity66 24 (23.1%), @entity130 14 (13.5%), toxic-nutritional 8 (7.7%) and compressive lesions 5 (4.8%) were the most common among the known etiologies. CONCLUSION: @entity1952 is the end result of injury to the anterior visual pathway from a myriad of disease processes. A broad knowledge of the etiology of @entity1952 is needed to make a diagnosis .

title: Nonglaucomatous XXXX in Benin City.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['Optic atrophy', 'optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Choriodoretinal disease']

answer: @entity1952 :: (MESH:D009896,Disease) :: ['optic atrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) is an old @entity11682 antibiotic that was launched first in combination with @entity206 in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for @entity1598 have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of @entity1598 in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and @entity17469 /PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (<0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to @entity17469 /PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for @entity1598 to other continents. No risk appears for indirect @entity1 exposure to @entity1598 via the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;9999:1-13.    2015 SETAC.

title: Aquatic environmental risk assessment for @entity1 use of the old antibiotic XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity207 :: (MESH:D013420,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethoxazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) is an old @entity11682 antibiotic that was launched first in combination with @entity206 in 1969 by F.Hoffmann-La Roche. Although sales figures for @entity1598 have been declining over the past 20 yr, the compound is still widely used; moreover, many measured environmental concentrations (MECs) are available from Europe, the United States, Asia, Australia, and Africa. To assess aquatic risks of @entity1598 in Europe, the exposure of European surface waters was predicted based on actual sales figures from IMS Health, incorporating environmental fate data on one side, and based on collated MECs representing more than 5500 single measurements in Europe on the other. Environmental effects were assessed using chronic and subchronic ecotoxicity data for 16 groups of aquatic organisms, from periphyton communities to cyanobacteria, algae, higher plants, various invertebrates, and vertebrates. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived using both deterministic and probabilistic methodology. The predicted environmental concentration (PEC)/PNEC and @entity17469 /PNEC comparisons overall showed no appreciable risk, except in a low incidence (<0.55%) of cases in which exceptionally high MECs led to @entity17469 /PNEC risk characterization ratios greater than 1. The PNECs derived in the present study can be used to extend aquatic environmental risk assessment for @entity1598 to other continents. No risk appears for indirect @entity1 exposure to @entity1598 via the environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;9999:1-13.    2015 SETAC.

title: Aquatic environmental risk assessment for XXXX use of the old antibiotic @entity207 in Europe.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) induces @entity39 , which is intensified by regional chemotherapy. By reducing the active @entity5 tissue, it can be assumed that @entity1 on the waiting list for liver transplantation may benefit from this locoregional treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 before liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 229 @entity1 who were transplanted for @entity157 . A group of 75 @entity1 were treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation. Tumor @entity39 related to pretransplantation locoregional treatment was assessed in an explanted liver and classified into extensive (51-100%), moderate (26-50%) and limited (<25%) grades. Five-year recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In total, 143 @entity157 were treated with TACE. Extensive @entity39 was found in 63 (44.0%) @entity5 . Moderate and limited @entity39 were observed in 42 (29.4%) and 38 (26.6%) @entity5 , respectively. In 36 (58.1%) explanted livers, every @entity5 was classified as extensively @entity39 . The 5-year recurrence-free survival was estimated as 81.6% in the group not treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation (TACE-) and as 73.1% in the TACE+ group (p=0.169). Among @entity1 not fulfilling the Milan criteria, 5-year recurrence-free survival was 63.1% in TACE- and 65.1% in TACE+ (p=0.656). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TACE prior to liver transplantation is effective in inducing @entity39 . However, evidence of benefits in long-term results after liver transplantation requires further confirmation.

title: Transarterial Chemoembolization Prior to Liver Transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'ischemic tumor necrosis', 'tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) induces @entity39 , which is intensified by regional chemotherapy. By reducing the active @entity5 tissue, it can be assumed that @entity1 on the waiting list for liver transplantation may benefit from this locoregional treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 before liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 229 @entity1 who were transplanted for @entity157 . A group of 75 @entity1 were treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation. Tumor @entity39 related to pretransplantation locoregional treatment was assessed in an explanted liver and classified into extensive (51-100%), moderate (26-50%) and limited (<25%) grades. Five-year recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In total, 143 @entity157 were treated with TACE. Extensive @entity39 was found in 63 (44.0%) @entity5 . Moderate and limited @entity39 were observed in 42 (29.4%) and 38 (26.6%) @entity5 , respectively. In 36 (58.1%) explanted livers, every @entity5 was classified as extensively @entity39 . The 5-year recurrence-free survival was estimated as 81.6% in the group not treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation (TACE-) and as 73.1% in the TACE+ group (p=0.169). Among @entity1 not fulfilling the Milan criteria, 5-year recurrence-free survival was 63.1% in TACE- and 65.1% in TACE+ (p=0.656). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TACE prior to liver transplantation is effective in inducing @entity39 . However, evidence of benefits in long-term results after liver transplantation requires further confirmation.

title: Transarterial Chemoembolization Prior to Liver Transplantation in XXXX with @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In-center hemodialysis (HD) is often the default dialysis modality for older @entity1 . Few centers use assisted @entity298 ( @entity298 ), which enables treatment at home. This observational study compared quality of life (QoL) and physical function between older @entity1 on assisted @entity298 and HD. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 on assisted @entity298 who were >60 years old and on dialysis for >3 months were recruited and matched to @entity1 on HD (needing hospital transport) by age, sex, @entity6 , dialysis vintage, ethnicity, and index of deprivation. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale. QoL assessments included Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS), Short Form-12, Palliative Outcomes Symptom Scale (renal), Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale, and Renal Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (RTSQ). Physical function was evaluated by Barthel Score and timed up and go test. RESULTS: In total, 251 @entity1 (129 @entity298 and 122 HD) were recruited. In unadjusted analysis, @entity1 on assisted @entity298 had a higher prevalence of possible @entity308 (HADS>8; @entity298 =38.8%; HD=23.8%; P=0.05) and higher HADS @entity308 score (median: @entity298 =6; HD=5; P=0.05) but higher RTSQ scores (median: @entity298 =55; HD=51; P<0.01). In a generalized linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, dialysis vintage, and frailty, assisted @entity298 continued to be associated with higher RTSQ scores (P=0.04) but not with other QoL measures. CONCLUSIONS: There are no differences in measures of QoL and physical function between older @entity1 on assisted @entity298 and comparable @entity1 on HD, except for treatment satisfaction, which is higher in @entity1 on @entity298 . Assisted @entity298 should be considered as an alternative to HD for older @entity1 , allowing them to make their preferred choices.

title: Quality of Life and Physical Function in Older XXXX on Dialysis: A Comparison of Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis with Hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) has been shown to be associated with a number of physical conditions and affects not only physical but also psychosocial health. Currently oral, on-demand phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are preferred first line treatment. Though effective, these drugs have limitations and are associated with significant non-compliance, side effects and do not reverse the underlying pathology. Non-invasive low intensity shockwave therapy (LISWT) has been shown to significantly improve erectile function in @entity1 previously @entity7856 i dependent. We describe our experience and results with this therapy in an Indian population of @entity1 with @entity323 . This study assessed the efficacy of low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) on Indian @entity1 with organic @entity323 who had previously responded to PDE5i. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the @entity1 underwent a 1 month PDE5i washout period. @entity1 were randomized to receive either 12 sessions of LI-ESWT (n = 95) or placebo/sham therapy (n = 40). Before the first treatment, erectile function and penile hemodynamics were assessed to substantiate a vascular etiology for the @entity323 . Outcomes were assessed using Erection Hardness Score (EHS), International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EF domain) and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) scores at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-treatment. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in the EHS and IIEF-EF Domain scores from visit 1 to follow up 5 (12 months) in the treated group compared to the placebo group. By 1 month after treatment there were highly significant differences between the LI-ESWT and placebo groups (p < 0.0001). Out of 60 @entity1 in the LI-ESWT group who completed the study, 47 (78%) @entity1 at FU1 and 43 (71%) at FU5 who were initially unable to achieve spontaneous erections hard enough for penetration (EHS  <= 2) were able to do so (EHS >=  3) compared to none in the placebo group. The treatment was well tolerated and none of the @entity1 experienced treatment related discomfort or reported any adverse effects from the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, LI-ESWT demonstrated a positive long term clinical effect with improvement in erectile function of Indian @entity1 with vasculogenic @entity323 who were prior responders to PDE5i therapy. The efficacy and tolerability of this treatment, coupled with its long term benefits and rehabilitative characteristics, make it an attractive new therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity323 .

title: Low intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for XXXX : a study in an Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED', 'vasculogenic erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: In @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ), pathophysiological changes include @entity409 , vascular leakage, and an increase in platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, as well as endothelial activation and dysfunction. The endothelial glycocalyx has been recognized as a central modulator of these processes. Glycosaminoglycan heparan @entity597 is a major component of the glycocalyx of endothelial cells, and @entity13221 ( @entity13221 ) represents the most prevalent proteoglycan. The aim of the current study was to investigate circulating levels of the glycocalyx components in @entity1 with @entity1188 . In 184 @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 , blood samples were collected at admission and after one day. Intra-aortic balloon pumping was used in 94 @entity1 (51%). Glycosaminoglycan heparan @entity597 and @entity13221 were measured using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. All-cause mortality at 30 days was used for outcome assessment. Levels of @entity13221 decreased between days 1 and 2 (339 [interquartile range [QR], 109-852] vs. 220 [IQR, 57-606] ng/mL; P = 0.01). In contrast, glycosaminoglycan heparan @entity597 increased over time (1.9 [IQR, 0.3-6.4] vs. 7.1 [IQR, 3.7-11.7] mg/mL; P < 0.001). Survivors at 30 days had lower admission @entity13221 levels (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, @entity13221 remained an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (odds ratio per  g/mL, 2.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.58]; P = 0.003) together with serum @entity880 , age, and ejection fraction. Increased levels of @entity13221 are an independent predictor of short-term mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 and @entity1455 .ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00491036.

title: Impairment of the endothelial glycocalyx in XXXX and its prognostic relevance.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related CS']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity91 surgery is associated with clinically significant postoperative events requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The authors investigate specific variables, which might influence the risk for these events, and thereby make recommendations regarding the need for postoperative ICU admission. METHODS: A retrospective review of 225 @entity1 undergoing @entity91 repair at a single center during a 10-yr period is reported. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of predefined clinically relevant postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU admission. RESULTS: The incidences of postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU care were 14.7% (95% CI, 10.5 to 20.1%) and 29.7% (95% CI, 24.0 to 36.3%), respectively. Independent predictors of @entity137 were body weight less than 10   kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg packed erythrocytes, and the occurrence of an @entity3816 . The independent predictors of hematological events were body weight less than 10   kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg packed erythrocytes, transfusion of hemostatic products (fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, and/or cryoprecipitate), and @entity927 not administered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing @entity91 surgery are at increased risk for clinically significant postoperative events requiring ICU admission if they are less than 10   kg body weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, require intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg of packed erythrocytes, receive hemostatic blood products, or if they develop a significant @entity3816 . @entity927 administration was associated with fewer postoperative events. A predictive clinical algorithm for pediatric @entity1 having major @entity91 surgery was developed and validated to risk stratify these @entity1 .

title: Predictors of clinically significant postoperative events after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory events']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Craniosynostosis', 'craniosynostosis', 'open craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['open craniosynostosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilum lymph nodes (LNs) dissection for advanced proximal @entity356 using an omnibearing method. METHODS: Between August 2013 and December 2014, 16 @entity1 with advanced proximal @entity356 treated in Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, were enrolled and subsequently underwent laparoscopic radical @entity348 ( @entity348 ) with spleen-preserving splenic hilum LNs dissection. During dissecting @entity3623 . 10 and 11 LNs, we divided them into two parts, namely LNs anterosuperior and posterior to the splenic vessel. The clinicopathological characteristics, intraoperative outcomes and postoperative courses were retrospectively collected and analyzed in the study. RESULTS: Laparoscopic surgery was successfully completed in all 16 @entity1 without conversion to open surgery, and no perioperative @entity204 occurred. The mean operating time was 328.75      46.96  min, and the mean estimated @entity190 was 135.63      62.07  ml. One @entity1 experienced @entity954 due to the @entity130 which was successfully handled with laparoscopic vessel suturing, and one @entity891 was recorded. The mean time to first flatus was 3.56      1.03  days with a mean 9.63      1.50  days of postoperative hospital stay. The mean number of retrieved LNs was 28.31      5.99, in which LNs anterosuperior to splenic artery was 2.88      2.66 and LNs posterior was 1.38      1.75. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity348 with spleen-preserving splenic hilum LNs dissection using an omnibearing method for advanced proximal @entity356 was safe and technically feasible in experienced hands. Further studies in terms of its clinical significance are needed.

title: Totally laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilum lymph nodes dissection in radical XXXX : an omnibearing method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total gastrectomy', 'TG']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein injury']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total gastrectomy']


abstract: Thoracic radiography of 7 Beagles was performed before @entity281 , during a 1-year @entity281 , and for 1 year following appropriate treatment. Cardiac and @entity455 on thoracic radiographs were compared with angiographic changes. Within 3 months of obstructed blood flow in the caudal lobar arteries, associated increased focal parenchymal densities were detected. These lesions were regarded as characteristic of @entity5476 . Although the most severe arteriographic changes were in the caudal lobar arteries, lobar arterial changes on a lateral view were best detected in the @entity7662 . These arteries increased in size during infection and decreased in size after treatment. It was concluded that the dorsoventral view is best for evaluation of the caudal lobar arteries. The most marked @entity8 were detected during the first 6 months following adulticide treatment. These lesions and the other radiographic alterations then decreased in severity. Persistence of the @entity8 were related to persistence of @entity281 .

title: Development and resolution of radiographic lesions in canine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5476 :: ('MESH:D004184', 'Disease') :: ['heartworm disease']

entities_list: @entity7662 :: ('MESH:D002539', 'Disease') :: ['right cranial lobar artery']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['heartworm infection']

answer: @entity5476 :: (MESH:D004184,Disease) :: ['heartworm disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 have been shown to establish microenvironments in distant tissues that are permissive to disseminated @entity5 cells. @entity1583 cells contribute to this microenvironment, yet the precise initiating events responsible for establishing the pre-metastatic niche remain unclear. Here, we tracked the developmental fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . We show that a distant @entity5 drives the expansion of HSPCs within the bone marrow and their mobilization to the bloodstream. Treatment of purified HSPCs cultured ex vivo with @entity5 -conditioned media induced their proliferation as well as their differentiation into immunosuppressive myeloid cells. We furthered tracked purified HSPCs in vivo and found they differentiated into myeloid-derived suppressor cells in early metastatic sites of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The number of @entity3804 (+) @entity17775 (+) cells in metastatic sites was significantly increased by HSPC mobilization and decreased if @entity5 -mediated mobilization was inhibited. Moreover, pharmacologic mobilization of HSPCs increased metastasis, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) cells abrogated the metastasis-promoting effects of HSPC mobilization. Finally, we detected elevated levels of HSPCs in the circulation of newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity1 , which correlated with increased risk for metastatic progression. Taken together, our results highlight bone marrow activation as one of the earliest steps of the metastatic process and identify circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of metastatic niche formation. @entity5 Res; 76(6); 1-13.   2015 AACR.

title: Activation of XXXX Stem/Progenitor Cells Promotes Immunosuppression Within the Pre-metastatic Niche.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematopoietic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral @entity1169 for the treatment of parotid infantile @entity2695 . Between October 2009 and January 2013, @entity1169 was given orally to 30 @entity1 with proliferating @entity2695 at a dose of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg per day in our department. The @entity1 included 12 male @entity1 and 18 female @entity1 , aged between 2 and 13 months, with a median of 5.9 months. The lesions were located in the parotid region and measured from 1.5 cm * 2 cm * 0.5 cm to 6 cm * 8 cm * 3 cm in volume. Oral @entity1169 was administered once daily for a mean duration of 22.7 weeks (range, 14-32 wk). Follow-up times were from 1 to 10 months (median, 6.4 mo). Changes in the color and size of the @entity5 were recorded using hemisphere measurements and digital photographs. The treatment results were scored according to a 4-point scale. Overall response was graded scale 4 (excellent) in 18 @entity1 , scale 3 (good) in 11 @entity1 , scale 2 (moderate) in 1 @entity1 , and scale 1 (poor) in none. No major collateral effects and rebounds were observed in any of the @entity1 . Oral @entity1169 was a well-tolerated and effective treatment with mild adverse effects for parotid infantile @entity2695 .

title: Oral XXXX for Parotid Infantile @entity2695 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['Propranolol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral @entity1169 for the treatment of parotid infantile @entity2695 . Between October 2009 and January 2013, @entity1169 was given orally to 30 @entity1 with proliferating @entity2695 at a dose of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg per day in our department. The @entity1 included 12 male @entity1 and 18 female @entity1 , aged between 2 and 13 months, with a median of 5.9 months. The lesions were located in the parotid region and measured from 1.5 cm * 2 cm * 0.5 cm to 6 cm * 8 cm * 3 cm in volume. Oral @entity1169 was administered once daily for a mean duration of 22.7 weeks (range, 14-32 wk). Follow-up times were from 1 to 10 months (median, 6.4 mo). Changes in the color and size of the @entity5 were recorded using hemisphere measurements and digital photographs. The treatment results were scored according to a 4-point scale. Overall response was graded scale 4 (excellent) in 18 @entity1 , scale 3 (good) in 11 @entity1 , scale 2 (moderate) in 1 @entity1 , and scale 1 (poor) in none. No major collateral effects and rebounds were observed in any of the @entity1 . Oral @entity1169 was a well-tolerated and effective treatment with mild adverse effects for parotid infantile @entity2695 .

title: Oral @entity1169 for Parotid Infantile XXXX .

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Hemangiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The practice of household bush burning in Grenada occurs frequently, though it is not well documented. The effects of the emissions from bush burning on respiratory health of the population have never been researched in Grenada. The goal of the study was to measure the frequency of bush burning and to investigate the relationship between bush burning practice and respiratory health in Grenada. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was used to gather information from households in the parishes of St. George and St. Andrew, Grenada. In total, 225 @entity1 were recruited and their responses on household bush burning and @entity1576 were analyzed. Self-reported data showed that the practice of bush burning was conducted by 43% (n = 96) of the @entity1 as a regular practice (every month) and 86% (n = 192) of @entity1 stated that their neighbors burn bush regularly. The most common lower respiratory symptom associated with bush burning was dry cough (31.4%). The @entity1 who engage in the practice of bush burning had a statistically significant, higher prevalence of @entity1244 symptoms (OR: 2.1, CI 95%: 1.1-3.9) and had slightly higher prevalence of cough (OR: 1.6, CI 95%: 0.9-2.8). Prevalences of physician-diagnosed @entity565 and @entity1244 were 12.3% and 31.2%, respectively. Conducting studies on the health effects of bush burning in different settings and with different practices, such as the household bush burning in our current study, could help to improve public health in the developing world. IMPLICATIONS:    Household disposal of waste is a significant issue in the developing world. In particular, residential bush burning is a common practice in tropical regions. This study demonstrates that the common practice of bush burning in the Caribbean is associated with @entity1576 and demonstrates the need for better management of residential yard waste. Burning of yard waste results in potentially significant exposures to air pollution and therefore alternative disposal practices need to be available. There is a need to increase awareness of the importance of avoiding exposure to the air pollutants generated during bush burning among communities in the Caribbean.

title: Household bush burning practice and related XXXX in Grenada, the Caribbean.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of total endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) versus conventional open thyroidectomy (COT) for @entity7172 with regard to short-term clinical outcomes. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library between January 1996 and July 2014 were searched to identify relevant comparative studies. Pooled @entity353 ( @entity353 ) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using either fixed or random-effects models. The perioperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Five eligible nonrandomized studies were included, involving 1004 @entity1 : 475 were TET and 529 were COT. Meta-analysis results revealed that TET group had a significantly longer operative time ( @entity353 , 48.15; 95% CI, 27.54-68.75; P < 0.00001), compared with the COT group. While analyzing the number of removed lymph nodes, 4 studies were included. The TET group had a less number of removed lymph nodes ( @entity353 , -0.68; 95% CI, -1.20 to -0.15; P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in terms of hospital stay, transient recurrent @entity3746 , permanent recurrent @entity3746 , transient @entity3747 , and permanent @entity3747 . CONCLUSIONS: Total endoscopic thyroidectomy appears to be a much feasible safe surgical procedure for @entity7172 in selected @entity1 .

title: Total Endoscopic Versus Conventional Open Thyroidectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid microcarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

answer: @entity7172 :: (MESH:C563277,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma']


abstract: Normally circulating @entity1 leucocytes were found to consistently lyse @entity95 erythrocyte (RRBC) target cells within 24 hr in culture. The reaction is referred to as the naturally-occurring cell-mediated cytotoxic, or NOCC, reaction. Characteristics of this cytotoxic reaction are as follows. (i) The cytotoxic reaction described here can be distinguished from the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) reaction as conventional Fc receptors do not appear to play a role. Although the cytotoxic reaction occurs optimally in medium fortified with normal human serum to a final concentration of 1%, neither antibodies nor immunoglobulins in general appear to play a role. Agamma human serum or purified human serum albumin without detectable immunoglobulins are as capable of facilitating and sustaining the NOCC cytotoxic reaction as is normal human serum. Furthermore, foetal calf serum, which promotes the ADCC cytotoxic reaction, inhibits the NOCC cytotoxic reaction. (ii) The NOCC reaction is not a phagocytic one as phagocytosis of the RRBC could not be detected during the culture period. (iii) Monocytes and neutrophils, but not lymphocytes, are capable of lysing the target cells in the NOCC reaction. The effector mononuclear cell is a monocyte with receptors for Fc and C'3. (iv) The NOCC cytotoxic reaction is dependent upon direct effector cell--target cell contact and not upon soluble mediators secreted by the effector cells since third-party bystander erythrocytes are not lysed in the presence of @entity95 erythrocyte target cells and @entity1 mononuclear cells. Supernatants from lysed RRBC target cells could not lyse fresh RRBC. It is concluded that the NOCC cytotoxic reaction utilizing @entity95 erythrocytes as target cells permits the identification of cytotoxic subclasses of monocytes and neutrophils.

title: The antibody-independent cytotoxic activity of normal circulating XXXX leucocytes. I. Lysis of target cells by monocytes and neutrophils in a non-phagocytic pathway.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Measurement of @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) may be a less invasive method to diagnose @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) or detrusor overactivity (DO) and monitor response to therapy. This study assessed whether treatment with @entity2180 affects @entity1494 . METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 study. Adult @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms received @entity2180 5 or 10   mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to Week 12 in TVUS-measured @entity1494 and urinary nerve growth factor. Only results for @entity1494 are presented here. RESULTS: Overall, 547 @entity1 were randomised, 501 @entity1 had a baseline @entity1494 measurement, and change from baseline could be calculated for 478 @entity1 . Mean @entity1494 at baseline was 5.08   mm (range 2.2-11.1, SD   =   1.14) and was normally distributed. A significant reduction in @entity1494 from baseline to 12 weeks versus placebo was observed with @entity2180 5   mg (-0.42 vs. -0.16   mm, P   =   0.03), but not with the 10   mg dose or with pooled @entity2180 , considered the primary comparison. Both @entity2180 doses were associated with improvements in efficacy and @entity1 satisfaction endpoints versus placebo. @entity2180 was well tolerated, with @entity2133 being the most common adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: There was no consistent effect of @entity2180 on @entity1494 in @entity1 with @entity2182 /DO, despite improvements in efficacy endpoints. This study suggests that routine clinical assessment of @entity1494 with TVUS for monitoring the effects of @entity2182 /DO treatment is not clinically useful. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:1-7, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bladder wall thickness in @entity1 with symptoms of XXXX and detrusor overactivity: Results from the randomised, placebo-controlled shrink study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['BWT', 'bladder wall thickness']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['solifenacin', 'Solifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: AIMS: Measurement of @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) may be a less invasive method to diagnose @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) or detrusor overactivity (DO) and monitor response to therapy. This study assessed whether treatment with @entity2180 affects @entity1494 . METHODS: This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 study. Adult @entity1 with @entity2182 symptoms received @entity2180 5 or 10   mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to Week 12 in TVUS-measured @entity1494 and urinary nerve growth factor. Only results for @entity1494 are presented here. RESULTS: Overall, 547 @entity1 were randomised, 501 @entity1 had a baseline @entity1494 measurement, and change from baseline could be calculated for 478 @entity1 . Mean @entity1494 at baseline was 5.08   mm (range 2.2-11.1, SD   =   1.14) and was normally distributed. A significant reduction in @entity1494 from baseline to 12 weeks versus placebo was observed with @entity2180 5   mg (-0.42 vs. -0.16   mm, P   =   0.03), but not with the 10   mg dose or with pooled @entity2180 , considered the primary comparison. Both @entity2180 doses were associated with improvements in efficacy and @entity1 satisfaction endpoints versus placebo. @entity2180 was well tolerated, with @entity2133 being the most common adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: There was no consistent effect of @entity2180 on @entity1494 in @entity1 with @entity2182 /DO, despite improvements in efficacy endpoints. This study suggests that routine clinical assessment of @entity1494 with TVUS for monitoring the effects of @entity2182 /DO treatment is not clinically useful. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:1-7, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Bladder wall thickness in XXXX with symptoms of @entity2182 and detrusor overactivity: Results from the randomised, placebo-controlled shrink study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 was admitted with Hunt and Hess grade 1 @entity510 . @entity438 of the @entity7244 (VA) distal to the left posterior @entity5487 (PICA) was found and treated using parent vessel occlusion with coils. The PICA was preserved. Angiography at three time points during her hospitalisation showed a normal right VA. Eight months later, angiography demonstrated a new 14 mm right VA dissecting @entity439 with 90% outflow @entity850 and recurrence of the left VA @entity439 distal to the coils. A Marksman microcatheter would not traverse the @entity850 despite the use of two intraluminal wires. Following Gateway balloon (1.5 mm * 9 mm) angioplasty, the Marksman passed easily. The pipeline embolisation device (PED) was successfully deployed across the @entity439 and 11 coils placed through a trapped microcatheter. The @entity1 was discharged home 2 days later. Eighteen-month follow-up has revealed complete resolution of both @entity439 .

title: Treatment of a dissecting XXXX with angioplasty and the pipeline embolisation device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial left vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['A cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery aneurysm']


abstract: @entity25276 is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease of @entity1 and animals living in tropical and subtropical countries and is caused by the fungus-like organism Pythium insidiosum. Antifungals are ineffective against this pathogen. Most @entity1 undergo surgical removal of the infected organ, and many die from advanced @entity281 . Early and accurate diagnosis leads to prompt management and promotes better prognosis for affected @entity1 . Immunohistochemical assays (IHCs) have been developed using rabbit antibodies raised against P. insidiosum crude extract, i.e., culture filtrate antigen ( @entity3795 ), for the histodiagnosis of @entity25276 , but cross-reactivity with pathogenic fungi compromises the diagnostic performance of the IHC. Therefore, there is a need to improve detection specificity. Recently, the elicitin protein, ELI025, was identified in P. insidiosum, but it was not identified in other @entity1 pathogens, including true fungi. The ELI025-encoding gene was successfully cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity526 . This study aims to develop a new IHC using the rabbit anti-ELI025 antibody (anti-ELI) and to compare its performance with the previously reported anti-CFA-based IHC. Thirty-eight P. insidiosum histological sections stained positive by anti-ELI-based and anti-CFA-based IHCs indicating 100% detection sensitivity for the two assays. The anti-ELI antibody stained negative for all 49 negative-control sections indicating 100% detection specificity. In contrast, the anti-CFA antibody stained positive for one of the 49 negative controls (a slide prepared from Fusarium-infected tissue) indicating 98% detection specificity. In conclusion, the anti-ELI based IHC is sensitive and specific for the histodiagnosis of @entity25276 and is an improvement over the anti-CFA-based assay.

title: Development of an Anti-Elicitin Antibody-Based Immunohistochemical Assay for Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25276 :: ('MESH:D058968', 'Disease') :: ['pythiosis', 'Pythiosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity25276 :: (MESH:D058968,Disease) :: ['Pythiosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Total @entity1255 (tHcy) levels are associated with secondary vascular events and mortality after @entity64 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether tHcy levels in the acute phase of a @entity64 contribute to the recurrence of cerebro-cardiovascular events and mortality. METHODS: A total of 3799 @entity1 were recruited after hospital admission for acute @entity385 . Levels of tHcy were measured within 24 hours after primary admission. @entity1 were followed for a median of 48 months. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 233 (6.1%) @entity1 died. After adjustment for age, smoking status, @entity6 , and other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1 in the highest tHcy quartile (>18.6  mol/L) had a 1.61-fold increased risk of @entity204 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.53) compared with @entity1 in the lowest quartile ( <=10  mol/L). Further subgroup analysis showed that this correlation was only significant in the large-artery @entity731 @entity64 subtype (adjusted HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.05-3.07); this correlation was not significant in the small-vessel occlusion subtype (adjusted HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.30-2.12). The risk of @entity64 -related mortality was 2.27-fold higher for @entity1 in the third tHcy quartile (adjusted HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.06-4.86) and 2.15-fold more likely for @entity1 in the fourth quartile (adjusted HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.01-4.63) than for @entity1 in the lowest tHcy quartile. The risk of cardiovascular-related mortality and the risk of recurrent @entity385 were not associated with tHcy levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that elevated tHcy levels in the acute phase of an @entity385 can predict mortality, especially in @entity64 @entity1 with the large-vessel @entity731 subtype.

title: Elevated Total XXXX Levels in Acute @entity385 Are Associated With Long-Term Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']