abstract: UNASSIGNED: Functional divergence between duplicate transcription factors (TFs) has been linked to critical events in the evolution of land plants and can result from changes in patterns of expression, binding site divergence and/or interactions with other proteins. Although plant TFs tend to be retained post polyploidization, many are lost within tens to hundreds of million years. Thus it can be hypothesized that some TFs in plant genomes are in the process of becoming pseudogenes. Here we use a pair of salt tolerance-conferring transcription factors, DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING1 ( @entity40408 ) and @entity71134 , that duplicated through paleopolyploidy 50-65 million years ago, as examples to illustrate potential mechanisms leading to duplicate retention and loss. We found that the expression patterns of @entity958 (At) @entity40408 and @entity71134 have diverged in a highly asymmetric manner, and @entity71134 has lost most inferred ancestral stress responses. Consistent with disablement, the @entity71134 promoter has fewer predicted cis-elements and a methylated repetitive element. Through comparisons of @entity40408 , @entity71134 , and their @entity36008 orthologs, we identified significant differences in binding affinities and binding site preference. In particular, an @entity71134 -specific substitution within the DNA binding domain significantly reduces binding affinity. Cross-species analyses indicate that both @entity40408 and @entity71134 are under selective constraint, but among A. thaliana accessions, @entity71134 has a higher level of nonsynonymous @entity4334 diversity compared to @entity40408 . This may be the result of selection in different environments, or may point towards the possibility of ongoing functional decay despite retention for millions of years after gene duplication.

title: Molecular evidence for functional divergence and decay of a transcription factor derived from whole genome duplication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity36008 :: ('59689', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis lyrata']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity1224 are both unique and variable in their presentation and management, often posing a challenge to the pediatrician. Several anatomical and physiologic peculiarities make a @entity1 vulnerable to develop an obstruction of upper airways. The characteristic finding in @entity1224 is stridor-inspiratory, biphasic or expiratory. The etiologies vary widely throughout the age groups and according to the mode of presentation. The approach starts with suspicion, mandates careful clinical evaluation of the degree of obstruction and many a times emergency measures precede any investigation or even precise diagnosis. Maintaining an open and stable airway is of the utmost importance, often requiring a team approach of emergency physician, pediatrician, otorhinolaryngologist and pediatric pulmonologist. The commonest condition presenting with @entity1224 in pediatric population is viral croup. Croup is a clinical diagnosis in a febrile @entity1 , with barking cough and stridor preceded by upper @entity1729 . It is treated with systemic or inhaled @entity230 and nebulized @entity1425 . @entity5847 and bacterial @entity6062 are @entity2348 of upper airways, presenting as true airway emergencies. Though the mainstay of therapy is IV antibiotics, the prime concern is maintenance of airway, which frequently requires endotracheal intubation. Rigid bronchoscopy is the procedure of choice for airway foreign bodies, a common cause of @entity1224 in @entity1 below 3  y of age. @entity1224 are the commonest cause of chronic stridor and are mostly managed conservatively.

title: Upper Airway Obstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6062 :: ('MESH:D014136', 'Disease') :: ['tracheitis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['acute bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['Epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction', 'Airway malacias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internet interventions offer advantages that especially @entity5 survivors who suffer from @entity1295 could benefit from. Given the growing number of such @entity1 , Internet interventions could supplement and strengthen currently available health care. OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the design and analysis plan that will be used to study 2 Internet interventions aimed at reducing severe @entity1295 in @entity5 survivors: a mobile ambulant activity feedback therapy supported through a weekly email by a physiotherapist and a weekly Web- and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy supported online by a psychologist. The data resulting from this trial will be used to (1) investigate the effectiveness, (2) investigate potential mediators of these interventions, and (3) explore @entity1 characteristics that can predict the effect of these interventions. METHODS: A 3-armed randomized controlled trial is proposed that compares both Internet interventions with an active control condition that solely consists of receiving psycho-educational emails. The intervention period is 9 weeks for all 3 conditions. Six months after baseline, @entity1 in the control condition can choose to follow 1 of the 2 experimental Internet interventions. Outcomes are measured in terms of @entity1295 severity, mental health, and self-perceived work ability. All are Web-assessed at baseline, 2 weeks after the intervention period, and at 6 and 12 months after baseline. Fatigue severity, mindfulness, physical activity, expectations and credibility of the intervention, therapeutic working alliance, sleep quality, and sense of control over @entity1295 are assessed 3 times during the intervention period for identifying mediators of the interventions. Recruitment is performed nationally throughout the Netherlands through @entity1 organizations and their websites, newspapers, and by informing various types of health professionals. All @entity1 register at an open-access website. We aim at including 330 @entity5 survivors who have finished curative-intent @entity5 treatment at least 3 months previously, and have been suffering from severe @entity1295 ever since. All @entity5 types are included. A detailed analysis plan is described to address the research questions, which allows for individual variation, and fully exploits the longitudinal design. RESULTS: Recruitment started in April 2013 and will proceed until April 2015. CONCLUSIONS: This paper describes a systematic trial design for studying 2 different interventions for chronic @entity5 in order to gain insight into the effectiveness and mediators of the interventions. This design will also be used to identify predictors for the interventions' effect on @entity1295 . By publishing our hypotheses and analysis plan before completion of data collection, this paper is a first step in reporting on this trial comprehensively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR3483). (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6NWZqon3o).

title: Effectiveness, Mediators, and Effect Predictors of Internet Interventions for Chronic XXXX : The Design and an Analysis Plan of a 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer-Related Fatigue']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity61099 , an @entity74 , affects the morphological appearance of the tooth enamel, hair, and bone. Previous studies have confirmed that mutations in the @entity5478 gene are responsible for TDO. In this study, we describe a Chinese @entity1 with the typical traits of TDO - kinky hair, @entity2193 , skull and jaw bones thickening, and @entity1463 . Unfortunately, as a result of @entity6661 , we were unable to assess @entity4371 . Examination of the tooth ground section showed a thin layer of enamel with no rods on the @entity1 's tooth and abnormalities in Tomes' granular layer and the dentinal tubules. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the tooth enamel showed significant differences between the @entity1 and the control individuals. A hair sample from the @entity1 observed under a laser-scanning microscope showed longitudinal grooves in the hair shaft. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement showed that the bone mineral density values of the @entity1 's bones was much higher than normal. Finally, genetic analysis revealed a novel de novo missense mutation @entity71135 ( @entity71136 ) in the conserved homeodomain of the @entity5478 gene. This @entity5478 mutation is the sixth causative mutation for TDO to be identified so far.

title: Morphological analyses and a novel de novo XXXX mutation associated with @entity61099 in a Chinese family.

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['excessive attrition']

entities_list: @entity61099 :: ('MESH:C536549', 'Disease') :: ['Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4371 :: ('MESH:C536946', 'Disease') :: ['taurodontism']

answer: @entity5478 :: (1747,Gene) :: ['DLX3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity61099 , an @entity74 , affects the morphological appearance of the tooth enamel, hair, and bone. Previous studies have confirmed that mutations in the @entity5478 gene are responsible for TDO. In this study, we describe a Chinese @entity1 with the typical traits of TDO - kinky hair, @entity2193 , skull and jaw bones thickening, and @entity1463 . Unfortunately, as a result of @entity6661 , we were unable to assess @entity4371 . Examination of the tooth ground section showed a thin layer of enamel with no rods on the @entity1 's tooth and abnormalities in Tomes' granular layer and the dentinal tubules. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the tooth enamel showed significant differences between the @entity1 and the control individuals. A hair sample from the @entity1 observed under a laser-scanning microscope showed longitudinal grooves in the hair shaft. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement showed that the bone mineral density values of the @entity1 's bones was much higher than normal. Finally, genetic analysis revealed a novel de novo missense mutation @entity71135 ( @entity71136 ) in the conserved homeodomain of the @entity5478 gene. This @entity5478 mutation is the sixth causative mutation for TDO to be identified so far.

title: Morphological analyses and a novel de novo @entity5478 mutation associated with XXXX in a Chinese family.

answer: @entity61099 :: (MESH:C536549,Disease) :: ['tricho-dento-osseous syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies conducted in Australian hospital settings suggest high variability in assessments, investigations, and management of @entity6 and poor adherence to widely accessible evidence-based protocols and guidelines. @entity2412 require a multidisciplinary approach and often involve both medical and surgical teams during inpatient care. AIMS: The aim of this clinical audit was to better understand the scope of @entity6 -related foot complications, evaluate whether current assessment and management strategies are in line with best practice guidelines, and to formulate future models of care. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 was carried out between 12 July 2012 and 11 July 2013. Recorded assessments of inpatient care, including risk factors, surgery, length of stay, interdepartmental referrals, and antibiotic administration were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 24 admissions in 12 months (total @entity1 n=19). Fifty-eight per cent of @entity1 were admitted to the medical ward. More than one-quarter had evidence of @entity4034 . While one @entity1 required intensive care unit (ICU) management, there was no inpatient mortality. Two @entity1 experienced significant delay to undergo initial surgical intervention presumably because of failed medical treatment. Clinical data was recorded poorly, especially regarding @entity16 , HbA1c, and clinical examination findings. Twelve per cent of @entity1 did not undergo any follow-up. The average length of stay was 12 days. One-half of the cohort was not evaluated by the endocrinology department. CONCLUSION: This audit highlights the need for improved care for @entity1 with @entity2412 and better coordination among the multidisciplinary teams involved.

title: XXXX in a secondary foot hospital: A clinical audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications', 'Diabetic foot complications']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['Diabetic foot complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The major fungal pathogen of @entity1 , @entity5132 , is exposed to reactive @entity1568 and @entity26 species following phagocytosis by host immune cells. In response to these toxins, this fungus activates potent anti-stress responses that include scavenging of reactive nitrosative and oxidative species via the @entity2041 system. Here we examine the differential roles of two @entity2041 recycling enzymes in redox homeostasis, stress adaptation and virulence in @entity5132 : @entity2041 reductase ( @entity9446 ) and the @entity12557 reductase (GSNOR), Fdh3. We show that the @entity1110 -dependent @entity9446 recycles @entity9492 to @entity6172 , is induced in response to oxidative stress and is required for resistance to macrophage killing. @entity9446 deletion increases the sensitivity of @entity5132 cells to @entity5568 , but not to @entity406 or NO. In contrast, Fdh3 detoxifies GSNO to @entity9492 and @entity3655 , and FDH3 inactivation delays NO adaptation and increases NO sensitivity. @entity5132 fdh3    cells are also sensitive to @entity406 , suggesting that Fdh3 also contributes to @entity406 detoxification. FDH3 is induced in response to nitrosative, oxidative and @entity406 stress, and fdh3   cells are more sensitive to killing by macrophages. Both @entity9446 and Fdh3 contribute to virulence in the Galleria mellonella and @entity19 models of @entity281 . We conclude that @entity9446 and Fdh3 play differential roles during the adaptation of @entity5132 cells to oxidative, nitrosative and @entity406 stress, and hence during the colonisation of the host. Our findings emphasise the importance of the @entity2041 system and the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis in this major pathogen.

title: Contribution of Fdh3 and @entity9446 to XXXX Redox State, Stress Adaptation and Virulence in @entity5132 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The major fungal pathogen of @entity1 , @entity5132 , is exposed to reactive @entity1568 and @entity26 species following phagocytosis by host immune cells. In response to these toxins, this fungus activates potent anti-stress responses that include scavenging of reactive nitrosative and oxidative species via the @entity2041 system. Here we examine the differential roles of two @entity2041 recycling enzymes in redox homeostasis, stress adaptation and virulence in @entity5132 : @entity2041 reductase ( @entity9446 ) and the @entity12557 reductase (GSNOR), Fdh3. We show that the @entity1110 -dependent @entity9446 recycles @entity9492 to @entity6172 , is induced in response to oxidative stress and is required for resistance to macrophage killing. @entity9446 deletion increases the sensitivity of @entity5132 cells to @entity5568 , but not to @entity406 or NO. In contrast, Fdh3 detoxifies GSNO to @entity9492 and @entity3655 , and FDH3 inactivation delays NO adaptation and increases NO sensitivity. @entity5132 fdh3    cells are also sensitive to @entity406 , suggesting that Fdh3 also contributes to @entity406 detoxification. FDH3 is induced in response to nitrosative, oxidative and @entity406 stress, and fdh3   cells are more sensitive to killing by macrophages. Both @entity9446 and Fdh3 contribute to virulence in the Galleria mellonella and @entity19 models of @entity281 . We conclude that @entity9446 and Fdh3 play differential roles during the adaptation of @entity5132 cells to oxidative, nitrosative and @entity406 stress, and hence during the colonisation of the host. Our findings emphasise the importance of the @entity2041 system and the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis in this major pathogen.

title: Contribution of Fdh3 and XXXX to @entity2041 Redox State, Stress Adaptation and Virulence in @entity5132 .

answer: @entity9446 :: (14799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Glr1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The major fungal pathogen of @entity1 , @entity5132 , is exposed to reactive @entity1568 and @entity26 species following phagocytosis by host immune cells. In response to these toxins, this fungus activates potent anti-stress responses that include scavenging of reactive nitrosative and oxidative species via the @entity2041 system. Here we examine the differential roles of two @entity2041 recycling enzymes in redox homeostasis, stress adaptation and virulence in @entity5132 : @entity2041 reductase ( @entity9446 ) and the @entity12557 reductase (GSNOR), Fdh3. We show that the @entity1110 -dependent @entity9446 recycles @entity9492 to @entity6172 , is induced in response to oxidative stress and is required for resistance to macrophage killing. @entity9446 deletion increases the sensitivity of @entity5132 cells to @entity5568 , but not to @entity406 or NO. In contrast, Fdh3 detoxifies GSNO to @entity9492 and @entity3655 , and FDH3 inactivation delays NO adaptation and increases NO sensitivity. @entity5132 fdh3    cells are also sensitive to @entity406 , suggesting that Fdh3 also contributes to @entity406 detoxification. FDH3 is induced in response to nitrosative, oxidative and @entity406 stress, and fdh3   cells are more sensitive to killing by macrophages. Both @entity9446 and Fdh3 contribute to virulence in the Galleria mellonella and @entity19 models of @entity281 . We conclude that @entity9446 and Fdh3 play differential roles during the adaptation of @entity5132 cells to oxidative, nitrosative and @entity406 stress, and hence during the colonisation of the host. Our findings emphasise the importance of the @entity2041 system and the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis in this major pathogen.

title: Contribution of Fdh3 and @entity9446 to @entity2041 Redox State, Stress Adaptation and Virulence in XXXX .

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: @entity697 is one of the most common causes of acute @entity490 . Accurate diagnosis is often hindered due to various presentations that differ from the typical signs of @entity698 , especially the position of the appendix. A delay in diagnosis or treatment may result in increased risks of complications, such as perforation, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. @entity39 caused by @entity698 is extremely rare. We herein report a case of 50-year-old @entity1 presenting with an @entity2466 in local hospital. After ten days of conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics, the @entity1 complained about @entity158 and swelling of the right lower limb and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a @entity2466 and gas and fluid collection extending from his retroperitoneal cavity to the subcutaneous layer of his right loin and right lower limb. He was transferred to our hospital and was diagnosed with @entity39 caused by @entity698 . Emergency surgery including surgical debridement and appendectomy was performed. However, the @entity1 died of severe @entity295 and @entity881 two days after the operation. This case represents an unusual complication of a common disease and we should bear in mind that retroperitoneal @entity32 and/or abscesses may cause @entity39 through lumbar triangles.

title: @entity39 caused by XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendix', 'appendiceal abscess']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis', 'Necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['perforated appendicitis']


abstract: @entity697 is one of the most common causes of acute @entity490 . Accurate diagnosis is often hindered due to various presentations that differ from the typical signs of @entity698 , especially the position of the appendix. A delay in diagnosis or treatment may result in increased risks of complications, such as perforation, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. @entity39 caused by @entity698 is extremely rare. We herein report a case of 50-year-old @entity1 presenting with an @entity2466 in local hospital. After ten days of conservative treatment with intravenous antibiotics, the @entity1 complained about @entity158 and swelling of the right lower limb and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a @entity2466 and gas and fluid collection extending from his retroperitoneal cavity to the subcutaneous layer of his right loin and right lower limb. He was transferred to our hospital and was diagnosed with @entity39 caused by @entity698 . Emergency surgery including surgical debridement and appendectomy was performed. However, the @entity1 died of severe @entity295 and @entity881 two days after the operation. This case represents an unusual complication of a common disease and we should bear in mind that retroperitoneal @entity32 and/or abscesses may cause @entity39 through lumbar triangles.

title: XXXX caused by @entity698 : a case report.

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in conversion therapy for colorectal liver-confined @entity3 . METHODS: We enrolled a total of 96 @entity1 including 54 @entity1 who received @entity901 - or @entity2600 -based chemotherapy and curative hepatectomy for initially unresectable @entity3 (conversion group) and 42 @entity1 with initially resectable liver @entity3 (straight hepatectomy group). Ki-67 expression was examined in 96 resected specimens but excluded the 2 specimens that revealed no @entity5 cells in conversion group. RESULTS: Conversion therapy leads to greater survival that is equivalent to that straight hepatectomy group. In conversion group, high Ki-67 expression (> 30%) levels were detectable in 33 @entity1 (64%) after chemotherapy prior to conversion therapy. High Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival and worse overall survival (P < 0.01 in both), and was an independent worse prognostic factor of disease-free survival and overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] and P-values were 5.608, 0.001 and 5.366, 0.04, respectively) in @entity1 with conversion therapy. Interestingly, even in the @entity1 with RECIST PR (n = 32), high Ki-67 expression was significantly shorter disease-free survival compared to low Ki-67 expression (P < 0.001). In contrast to conversion group, there was no significant difference in disease free survival and overall survival between low (n = 14, 33%) and high (n = 28, 67%) Ki-67 expressions in @entity1 with straight hepatectomy (P = 0.14 and 0.74, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Residual Ki-67 expression is a useful biomarker for worse prognostic outcomes after conversion therapy. High Ki-67 expression may be a biomarker of micrometastases containing aggressive @entity5 cells.

title: Prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in conversion therapy for colorectal liver-limited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the study was to evaluate the adhesion abilities of the @entity1543 bacterium Asaia bogorensis to glass and @entity852 in the presence of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) juice. The strain of A. bogorensis used was isolated from spoiled commercial fruit-flavored drinking water. The cranberry juice was analyzed for @entity6398 , organic acids, and @entity3363 using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The adhesive abilities of bacterial cells in culture medium supplemented with cranberry juice were determined using luminometry and microscopy. The viability of adhered and planktonic bacterial cells was determined by the plate count method, and the relative adhesion coefficient was calculated. This strain of A. bogorensis was characterized by strong adhesion properties that were dependent upon the type of surface. The highest level of cell adhesion was found on the @entity852 . However, in the presence of 10% cranberry juice, attachment of bacterial cells was three times lower. Chemical analysis of juice revealed the presence of @entity3363 , organic acids, and @entity4211 , which were identified as @entity46272 , @entity64059 , and @entity34899 of @entity28172 and @entity71137 . A-type @entity16377 responsible for the antiadhesion properties of V. macrocarpon also were detected.

title: Adhesion of Asaia bogorensis to Glass and XXXX in the Presence of Cranberry Juice.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity46272 :: ('MESH:D005697', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosides']

entities_list: @entity34899 :: ('CHEBI:22601', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinosides']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity64059 :: ('MESH:D005960', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosides']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['sugars', 'carbohydrates']

answer: @entity852 :: (MESH:D011137,Chemical) :: ['Polystyrene']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: @entity385 is the most common cause of hospitalization in the Department of @entity16 . Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for regaining lost functional efficiency. AIM: The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity74 rehabilitation program in 57 @entity1 with first-ever @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 57 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 ) aged from 47 to 89. @entity1 were admitted for comprehensive rehabilitation, lasted an average of 25 days. The treatment program consisted of exercises aimed at reeducation of posture and gait. In addition, physical treatments were used. Evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation was measured using the Activity Daily Living scale, Modified Rankin Scale, Rivermead Measure Assessment ( @entity25048 -global movements, RMA2-lower limb and trunk, RMA3-upper limb) and the psychological tests - Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: As a result of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, functional status and mental health improvement was observed in relation to the ADL scale by 32% ( @entity1 36%, @entity1 30%), Rankin scale by 22% ( @entity1 22%, @entity1 21%). In the RMA, improvement was observed with the statistical significance of p=0.001 in all of the subscales. The highest rate of improvement affected upper limb function: RMA/3 (41%). In other subscales @entity1 have achieved statistically more significant improvement than @entity1 ( @entity25048 -43% versus 25%; RMA/2-41% versus 30%). The results related to the psychological assessment showed statistically significant GDS improvement p<0.001 (<60 years old) and BDI (> 60 years old) in test @entity1 (p=0.038). Spearman correlation coefficient showed no relation between mental state and functional improvement (GDS versus ADL; BDI versus ADL). CONCLUSIONS: The 25 days comprehensive rehabilitation program during the subacute @entity64 phase affects mainly the improvement of upper limb function. @entity1 have achieved better functional improvement in all of the parameters. In addition, it was observed that symptoms of @entity308 were presented in all study group, and the improvement of mental focused primarily on @entity1 after 60 years old.

title: [The effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation after a first episode of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'Women', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['specific disorder']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 and activities of daily living (ADLs) deficits are common problems among elderly @entity1 who visit general practitioners (GPs). OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the probability of visiting a GP is related to @entity158 , and whether these factors act synergistically towards GP visits. METHODS: A total of 3097 subjects aged >= 65 years from the Austrian Health Interview Survey formed the cohort. Visiting the GP in the last 4 weeks, @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ; @entity158 for at least 3 months) and deficits in ADLs across 11 dimensions were reported. Binary logistic regression models were applied and were stepwise controlled for possible confounders. Based on odds ratios (OR), the synergy index (SI), population attributable fraction (PAF) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 61.0% visited their GP; 51.2% were affected by @entity51 and 42.2% by @entity1118 . In subjects with @entity51 , the OR for GP consultation was 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.56) and in subjects with @entity1118 , 1.93 (95% CI 1.63-2.27) in the fully adjusted model. The OR for those affected by both was 2.56 (95% CI 2.08-3.15); SI was 1.82 (95% CI 1.04-3.18), PAF was 0.27 (95% CI 0.08-0.47) and RERI was 0.70 (95% CI 0.13-1.27). CONCLUSION: There is a strong synergistic effect of @entity1118 in ADL in @entity1 >= 65 years on visiting the GP. Prevention, screening, treatment and rehabilitation in this population should focus on both @entity1118 .

title: Synergistic effect of XXXX in ADL towards general practitioner visits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ADL deficits']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['CP and ADL deficits', 'chronic pain', 'CP and deficits', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'deficits in ADLs and pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain and deficits']


abstract: Various programs and interventions are available for the rehabilitation of @entity1 who have undergone surgery for symptomatic @entity890 ( @entity890 ). Our aim is to determine the value of the different rehabilitation interventions included in the postoperative treatment of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity890 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review. Search in electronic data bases--from January 2000 to October 2012. Two independent reviewers certified in the use of the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Data Base) scale assessed the clinical trials included in the final version; only those with high methodological quality were included. A third reviewer acted as arbitrator in case of discrepancy between reviewers. The reviewers were blinded to the authors, institutions and journals to increase the precision of their ratings and the inter-reviewer validity. RESULTS: Fifteen clinical trials were reviewed by the reviewers; 8 (53.3%) were considered as having a high methodological quality (average of 7.7/10). Were randomized 1099 @entity1 to different treatment groups. It was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis with the clinical trial data due to the multiple interventions and outcome measures used. CONCLUSIONS: An immediate rehabilitation program is recommended in @entity1 undergoing microiskectomy for the first time. Cognitive intervention with positive reinforcement together with exercise is an effective treatment. It is even considered as an alternative to vertebral fusion in @entity1 who underwent @entity890 surgery with symptom recurrence after the first surgery. The results of early postoperative activity are usually excellent and involve no complications. The number and the methodological quality of the clinical trials on this topic need to be increased to justify the usefulness of these interventions in the daily clinical practice.

title: [Postoperative treatment for XXXX during rehabilitation. Systematic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation', 'LDH']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stigma may negatively impact individuals with @entity717 ( @entity717 ). However, most studies in the field have been based on the use of direct measurement methods for assessing stigma. This study examined public stigma towards individuals with @entity717 within a representative sample of the Israeli public by comparing direct versus indirect questioning. METHODS: Vignette methodology was utilised with two questionnaire versions. In the direct questionnaire (n   =   306), the @entity1 were asked how they would think, feel and behave if a @entity1 with @entity717 asked them a question in a public place. In the indirect questionnaire (n   =   301), the @entity1 were asked to report how a hypothetical 'other @entity1 ' would think, feel and behave in the same situation. RESULTS: Higher levels of stigma were reported among @entity1 that answered the indirect questionnaire version. Furthermore, among those @entity1 that answered the indirect questionnaire version, subjective knowledge of @entity717 was a less important correlate of stigma than for those @entity1 that answered the direct questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Several explanations are suggested for the finding that indirect questioning elicits more negative stigmatic attitudes. Among others, indirect questioning may be a more appropriate methodology for eliciting immediate beliefs. Furthermore, the results call for implementing a comprehensive, multi-level programme to change stigma.

title: Public stigma in XXXX : do direct versus indirect questions make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'man']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'ID']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: Reaction-diffusion models have been widely used to model @entity11 growth. However, it has not been shown how accurately this model can predict @entity5 status using model parameters (i.e., @entity5 cell diffusion and proliferation) estimated from quantitative in vivo imaging data. To this end, we used in silico studies to develop the methods needed to accurately estimate @entity5 specific reaction-diffusion model parameters, and then tested the accuracy with which these parameters can predict future growth. The analogous study was then performed in a @entity19 model of @entity11 growth. The parameter estimation approach was tested using an in silico @entity5 'grown' for ten days as dictated by the reaction-diffusion equation. Parameters were estimated from early time points and used to predict subsequent growth. Prediction accuracy was assessed at global (total volume and Dice value) and local (concordance correlation coefficient, CCC) levels. Guided by the in silico study, @entity35 (n  =  9) with @entity36 , imaged with diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, were used to evaluate the model's accuracy for predicting in vivo @entity5 growth. The in silico study resulted in low global ( @entity5 volume error <8.8%, Dice >0.92) and local (CCC values >0.80) level errors for predictions up to six days into the future. The in vivo study showed higher global ( @entity5 volume error >11.7%, Dice <0.81) and higher local (CCC <0.33) level errors over the same time period. The in silico study shows that model parameters can be accurately estimated and used to accurately predict @entity5 growth at both the global and local scale. However, the poor predictive accuracy in the experimental study suggests the reaction-diffusion equation is an incomplete description of in vivo C6 @entity11 biology and may require further modeling of intra- @entity5 interactions including segmentation of (for example) proliferative and @entity39 regions.

title: Predicting in vivo XXXX growth with the reaction diffusion equation constrained by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging data.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'future tumor']

entities_list: @entity36 :: ('MESH:C567307', 'Disease') :: ['C6 gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the microscopic characteristics of liver metastases from @entity14 (LMCRC) invasion and provides a reference for expansion from gross @entity5 volume (GTV) to clinical targeting volume (CTV). METHODS: Data from 129 LMCRC @entity1 treated by surgical resection at our hospital between January 2008 and September 2009 were collected for study. Tissue sections used for pathology and clinical data were reviewed. @entity1 information used for the study included gender, age, original @entity5 site, number of @entity5 , @entity5 size, levels of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and @entity1735 antigen 199 (CA199), synchronous or metachronous liver metastases, and whether @entity1 received chemotherapy. The distance of liver microinvasion from the @entity5 boundary was measured microscopically by two senior pathologists. RESULTS: Of 129 @entity1 evaluated, 81 (62.8  %) presented microinvasion distances from the @entity5 boundary ranging between 1.0   -   7.0  mm. A GTV-to-CTV expansion of 5, 6.7, or 7.0  mm was required to provide a 95, 99, or 100  % probability, respectively, of obtaining clear resection margins by microscopic observation. The extent of invasion was not related to gender, age, synchronous or metachronous liver metastases, @entity5 size, CA199 level, or chemotherapy. The extent of invasion was related to original @entity5 site, @entity787 level, and number of @entity5 . A scoring system was established based on the latter three positive predictors. Using this system, an invasion distance less than 3  mm was measured in 93.4  % of @entity1 with a score of  <=1 point, but in only 85.7  % of @entity1 with a score of  <=2 points. CONCLUSIONS: The extent of @entity5 invasion in our LMCRC @entity1 cohort correlated with original @entity5 site, @entity787 level, and number of @entity5 . These positive predictors may potentially be used as a scoring system for determining GTV-to-CTV expansion.

title: Microinvasion of liver metastases from XXXX : predictive factors and application for determining clinical target volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2531 affect @entity1 's @entity458 and are poorly understood. Although many treatments have been evaluated, there is no one "gold standard" treatment. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate what treatments for female @entity158 have been evaluated in clinical studies and their effectiveness. The search strategy resulted in 65 papers included in this review. The articles were divided into the following categories: medical treatments; surgical treatments; physical therapies; psychological therapies; comparative treatment studies; and miscellaneous and combined treatments. Topical and systemic medical treatments have generally been found to lead to improvements in, but not complete relief of, @entity158 , and side effects are quite common. Surgical procedures have demonstrated very high success rates, although there has been variability in complete relief of @entity158 after surgery, which suggests less invasive treatments should be considered first. Physical therapies and psychological therapies have been shown to be promising treatments, supporting a biopsychosocial approach to @entity2531 . Although most of the interventions described have been reported as effective, many @entity1 still experience @entity158 . A multidisciplinary team with active @entity1 involvement may be needed to optimize treatment outcome.

title: Treatment of Female XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sexual pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual pain disorders', 'sexual pain disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual and reproductive health']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['Sexual Pain Disorders']


abstract: @entity1920 cyclase of homogenates or lysates of @entity19 and @entity35 lymphoid tissues was activated by the addition of @entity1388 ion, @entity1425 , or @entity1063 , but not by any of several other hormones. The @entity2922 stimulation was characterized as beta-adrenergic. This activity was localized in the small lymphoid cells, was greater in thymic than in splenic or mesenteric node cells, and also was greater in @entity19 than in @entity35 cells. @entity2922 -stimulated activity of @entity19 thymocytes remained constant from the 17-19th day of fetal development to 5 weeks after birth; it subsequently decreased to about one-half of the activity by 7-8 weeks. Similar decreases with age occurred in @entity19 spleen and @entity35 thymus. In contrast, the glucagon-stimulated activity of @entity35 liver increased during a similar period. Hypophysectomy of @entity35 at 3 weeks did not influence the amount of cyclase activity of thymocytes assayed at 7 weeks. When intact @entity19 thymocytes were first incubated in a culture medium at 37 degrees C with @entity1425 or @entity1063 , a second addition of @entity2922 after cell lysis no longer stimulated the enzymes. This loss of stimulation was selective, since basal activity and stimulation by @entity1388 ion were not affected. Incubation of intact cells with phytohemagglutinin markedly decreased the activity of lysates, whether assayed in the presence or absence of @entity2922 or @entity1388 . In contrast, phytohemagglutinin added directly to the assay had no effect. No alternations occurred in adenylate cyclase activity as a result of the incubation of a 1:1 mixture of thymocytes from two strains of @entity19 selected for the capacity of the cells to produce a mixed lymphocyte response.

title: Properties of XXXX cyclase of lymphoid cells.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['adenylate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity25219 ( @entity25219 ) carries a small risk of @entity703 ( @entity703 ). We conducted a systematic literature review and reported new four @entity703 cases (total N   =   217). Eighty eight percent had @entity25219 and 8% had sickle cell disease; 50% were @entity1 . Males had 2.4* risk than females. Isolated @entity811 or in combination with @entity812 was the presenting sign in 66% cases. Tumor-related mortality was 95%. Four non-metastatic @entity1 were long-term disease-free survivors. Although risk appears to be very low, individuals with @entity25219 should be informed about the low risk of @entity703 with the hope of early diagnosis. @entity811 should prompt immediate investigation. Pediatr @entity5 2015;62:1694-1699.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX and sickle cell trait: A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or flank pain']

entities_list: @entity25219 :: ('MESH:D012805', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'Sickle cell trait']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal medullary carcinoma', 'RMC']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal medullary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to @entity2057 , but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that @entity16959 (CB) induced @entity32062 and slow-to-fast @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform transition through direct muscle b2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ; @entity9170 )-induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition. METHODOLOGY: We examined the effect of CB on @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 by measuring masseter muscle weight, fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, and @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) composition. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of CB on muscle @entity1184 signaling ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) expression, @entity584 / @entity1 target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) pathway, and calcineurin pathway) and @entity3202 signaling ( @entity584 /Forkhead box-O (FOXO) pathway and @entity49162 expression) in masseter muscle of @entity35 treated with @entity9170 and/or CB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masseter muscle weight in the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly lower than that in the Control group, as expected, but co-treatment with CB suppressed the @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 , concomitantly with inhibition of fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoforms transition. Activation of the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in masseter muscle of the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly inhibited compared to that of the Control group, and CB suppressed this inhibition. @entity9170 also suppressed expression of @entity442 (positive regulator of muscle growth), and CB attenuated this inhibition. @entity49162 protein expression was unchanged. CB had no effect on activation of the @entity584 /FOXO pathway. These results indicate that CB antagonizes @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition via modulation of @entity584 / @entity3470 activity and @entity442 expression. CB might be a useful pharmacological agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced @entity2057 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity16959 against @entity619 -Induced XXXX and @entity3998 Transition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3998 :: ('3133', 'Gene') :: ['myosin heavy chain', 'MHC']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity49162 :: ('2660', 'Gene') :: ['Myostatin', 'myostatin']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF1', 'insulin growth factor 1']

entities_list: @entity32062 :: ('MESH:C563600', 'Disease') :: ['masseter muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['masseter muscle atrophy', 'muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['Masseter Muscle Atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to @entity2057 , but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that @entity16959 (CB) induced @entity32062 and slow-to-fast @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform transition through direct muscle b2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ; @entity9170 )-induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition. METHODOLOGY: We examined the effect of CB on @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 by measuring masseter muscle weight, fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, and @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) composition. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of CB on muscle @entity1184 signaling ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) expression, @entity584 / @entity1 target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) pathway, and calcineurin pathway) and @entity3202 signaling ( @entity584 /Forkhead box-O (FOXO) pathway and @entity49162 expression) in masseter muscle of @entity35 treated with @entity9170 and/or CB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masseter muscle weight in the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly lower than that in the Control group, as expected, but co-treatment with CB suppressed the @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 , concomitantly with inhibition of fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoforms transition. Activation of the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in masseter muscle of the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly inhibited compared to that of the Control group, and CB suppressed this inhibition. @entity9170 also suppressed expression of @entity442 (positive regulator of muscle growth), and CB attenuated this inhibition. @entity49162 protein expression was unchanged. CB had no effect on activation of the @entity584 /FOXO pathway. These results indicate that CB antagonizes @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition via modulation of @entity584 / @entity3470 activity and @entity442 expression. CB might be a useful pharmacological agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced @entity2057 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity16959 against @entity619 -Induced @entity2057 and XXXX Transition.

answer: @entity3998 :: (3133,Gene) :: ['Myosin Heavy Chain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to @entity2057 , but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that @entity16959 (CB) induced @entity32062 and slow-to-fast @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform transition through direct muscle b2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ; @entity9170 )-induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition. METHODOLOGY: We examined the effect of CB on @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 by measuring masseter muscle weight, fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, and @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) composition. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of CB on muscle @entity1184 signaling ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) expression, @entity584 / @entity1 target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) pathway, and calcineurin pathway) and @entity3202 signaling ( @entity584 /Forkhead box-O (FOXO) pathway and @entity49162 expression) in masseter muscle of @entity35 treated with @entity9170 and/or CB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masseter muscle weight in the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly lower than that in the Control group, as expected, but co-treatment with CB suppressed the @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 , concomitantly with inhibition of fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoforms transition. Activation of the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in masseter muscle of the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly inhibited compared to that of the Control group, and CB suppressed this inhibition. @entity9170 also suppressed expression of @entity442 (positive regulator of muscle growth), and CB attenuated this inhibition. @entity49162 protein expression was unchanged. CB had no effect on activation of the @entity584 /FOXO pathway. These results indicate that CB antagonizes @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition via modulation of @entity584 / @entity3470 activity and @entity442 expression. CB might be a useful pharmacological agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced @entity2057 .

title: Protective Effects of XXXX against @entity619 -Induced @entity2057 and @entity3998 Transition.

answer: @entity16959 :: (MESH:D002976,Chemical) :: ['Clenbuterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoid has a direct catabolic effect on skeletal muscle, leading to @entity2057 , but no effective pharmacotherapy is available. We reported that @entity16959 (CB) induced @entity32062 and slow-to-fast @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) isoform transition through direct muscle b2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Thus, we hypothesized that CB would antagonize glucocorticoid ( @entity619 ; @entity9170 )-induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition. METHODOLOGY: We examined the effect of CB on @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 by measuring masseter muscle weight, fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, and @entity3998 ( @entity3998 ) composition. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, we used immunoblotting to study the effects of CB on muscle @entity1184 signaling ( @entity442 ( @entity442 ) expression, @entity584 / @entity1 target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) pathway, and calcineurin pathway) and @entity3202 signaling ( @entity584 /Forkhead box-O (FOXO) pathway and @entity49162 expression) in masseter muscle of @entity35 treated with @entity9170 and/or CB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Masseter muscle weight in the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly lower than that in the Control group, as expected, but co-treatment with CB suppressed the @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 , concomitantly with inhibition of fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoforms transition. Activation of the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway in masseter muscle of the @entity9170 -treated group was significantly inhibited compared to that of the Control group, and CB suppressed this inhibition. @entity9170 also suppressed expression of @entity442 (positive regulator of muscle growth), and CB attenuated this inhibition. @entity49162 protein expression was unchanged. CB had no effect on activation of the @entity584 /FOXO pathway. These results indicate that CB antagonizes @entity9170 -induced @entity2057 and fast-to-slow @entity3998 isoform transition via modulation of @entity584 / @entity3470 activity and @entity442 expression. CB might be a useful pharmacological agent for treatment of glucocorticoid-induced @entity2057 .

title: Protective Effects of @entity16959 against XXXX -Induced @entity2057 and @entity3998 Transition.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Remote Aboriginal communities in Australia experience high rates of bacterial sexually transmissible @entity281 (STIs). To control the transmission and decrease the risk of complications, frequent STI testing combined with timely treatment is required, yet significant delays in treatment have been reported. Perceived barriers to timely treatment for asymptomatic @entity1 in remote communities were explored. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken as part of the STRIVE (STIs in Remote communities, ImproVed and Enhanced primary health care) project; a cluster randomised controlled trial of a @entity458 improvement program. During 2012, we conducted 36 in-depth interviews with staff in 22 clinics in remote Australia. Results: @entity1 included registered nurses (72%) and Aboriginal health practitioners (28%). A key barrier to timely treatment was infrequent transportation of specimens to laboratories often hundreds of kilometres away from clinics. Within clinics, there were delays checking and actioning test results, and under-utilisation of systems to recall @entity1 . @entity1 also described difficulties in physically locating @entity1 due to: (i) high mobility between communities; and (ii) low levels of community knowledge created by high staff turnover. @entity1 also suggested strategies to overcome some barriers such as dedicated clinical time to follow-up recalls and taking treatment out to @entity1 . Conclusions: @entity1 identified barriers to timely STI treatment in remote Aboriginal communities, and systems to address some of the barriers. Innovative strategies such as point-of-care testing or increased support for actioning results, coupled with incentives to individual @entity1 to attend for results, may also assist in decreasing the time to treatment.

title: Reasons for delays in treatment of bacterial sexually transmissible XXXX in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia: a qualitative study of healthcentre staff.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health quality']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the effects of exogenous @entity21923 (SP) on adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and the mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Differentiation of pre-adipocytes was induced by @entity13521 ( @entity1922 : @entity1922 , @entity619 : @entity9170 , and insulin), in the presence or absence of SP. Adipogenesis was stimulated by SP in a concentration-dependent manner. SP also induced the expression of genes encoding @entity25525 , @entity3240 , and adiponectin, but had no effect on cell proliferation. Exogenous @entity413 did not promote adipogenesis or lipid accumulation. @entity897 inhibited adipogenesis initiated by @entity13521 , but failed to influence the effects of SP on adipogenesis, whereas @entity896 inhibited adipogenesis regardless of whether SP was present. The pro-adipogenic properties of SP were limited to the early events of adipogenesis. To determine whether SP mimics the adipogenic action of @entity619 or insulin, we examined the effects of SP on adipogenesis with combinations of @entity1922 , @entity9170 , and insulin. SP did not improve incomplete lipid accumulation observed in cells grown under @entity1922 -, @entity9170 -, or insulin-free conditions. Insulin-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was diminished by SP, while phosphorylation of Akt was increased, correlating with increased @entity413 uptake in response to insulin. We also observed that SP stimulated immediate early expression of @entity19775 and @entity16509  . The PPARy antagonist @entity4301 inhibited adipogenesis. Our findings highlight the adipogenic function of exogenous SP by stimulating early events of adipogenesis.

title: Exogenous XXXX stimulates adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells.

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxy-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity896 :: ('MESH:C017092', 'Chemical') :: ['3-bromopyruvate']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine', 'IBMX']

entities_list: @entity21923 :: ('CHEBI:50144', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity21923 :: (CHEBI:50144,Chemical) :: ['sodium pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on global (IV-G) and segmental (IV-S) diffuse proliferative @entity1988 (DPLN) in @entity1 are lacking. METHODS: To determine the clinicopathology and prognosis of DPLN subclasses IV-G and IV-S, we analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of 56 @entity1 aged <18  years diagnosed with DPLN [36 (64.3  %) with IV-G; 20 (35.7  %) with IV-S] between 2004 and 2013. Clinical endpoints were: (1) complete remission (CR), (2) @entity740 [CKD; defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) or @entity454 ( @entity454 )], and (3) death. RESULTS: @entity644 and the activity index were higher in @entity1 with IV-G (p   <   0.05). Global endocapillary proliferation and leukocyte exudation were predominant in IV-G @entity1 , whereas segmental endocapillary proliferation was predominant in @entity1 with IV-S (p   <   0.005). CR rates in IV-G and IV-S @entity1 were 50 and 60  %, respectively (p   =   0.47). Renal survival rates, defined as an eGFR of >= 60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2), were 93, 78, and 64  % at 1, 5, and 10  years, respectively. @entity1 survival rates at 1, 5, and 10  years were 98, 96, and 91  %, respectively. @entity1 and renal survival rates were similar in both subclasses. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with IV-G and IV-S displayed some clinical and histopathological disparities, renal outcomes were similar. The majority of @entity1 with DPLN reached adulthood but accrued significant @entity8 . Treatment regimens which can slow the progression of CKD are needed.

title: Long-term renal outcomes of childhood-onset global and segmental diffuse proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid substitution treatment (OST) has been implemented in Taiwan since 2006. We estimated the life expectancy (LE) and expected years of life lost (EYLL) in a cohort of @entity4521 users stratified by OST for comparison. METHODS: A total of 1283 @entity4521 users recruited from 2006 to 2008 were linked to the National Mortality Registry until the end of 2011. Among them, 983 received OST, while 300 did not. Kaplan-Meier estimation for survival was performed, and it was extrapolated to 50 years to obtain the LE using a semi-parametric method. We further estimated the EYLL for both cohorts by subtracting their life expectancies from the age- and sex-matched referents of the general population. Cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated and compared with the national cohort to validate the representativeness of this sample. RESULTS: After extrapolation to 50 years of survival, the estimated average LE and EYLL were 27.4 and 10.6 for OST subjects, respectively, while those of the non-OST were 20.2 and 18.4 years. The all-cause mortality rates (per 1000 @entity1 -years) in the observational period for the OST and non-OST group were 15.5 and 23.9, respectively, representing a 7.5- and 10.2-fold @entity5047 compared to the general population, indicating a high representativeness for our sample. But @entity5047 of suicide mortality elevated 16.2 and 3.1 folds in OST and non-OST group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: OST saves 7.8 EYLL more than non-OST after accounting for lead time bias. Effective suicide prevention programs could enhance its life-saving effect, especially among those co-morbid with @entity308 .

title: Estimation of life expectancy and the expected years of life lost among XXXX users in the era of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The US @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) incidence is 3-4% of 22.3 million diagnosed @entity6 cases plus 6.3 million undiagnosed, 858 000 cases total. Risk of recurrence after healing is 30% annually. @entity1746 ( @entity5663 ) surgery reduces neuropathic @entity4760 (nDFU) recurrence risk by >80%. Cost effectiveness of hypothetical @entity5663 implementation to minimize nDFU recurrence is compared to the current  6.171 billion annual nDFU expense. A literature review identified best estimates of annual incidence, recurrence risk, medical management expense, and noneconomic costs for @entity4760 . Illustrative cost/benefit calculations were performed assuming widespread application of bilateral @entity5663 after wound healing to the nDFU problem, using Center for Medicare Services mean expense data of  1143/case for unilateral lower extremity @entity5663 . Calculations use conservative, evidence-based cost figures, which are contemporary (2012) or adjusted for inflation. Widespread adoption of @entity5663 after nDFU healing could reduce annual @entity4760 occurrences by at least 21% in the third year and 24% by year 5, representing calculated cost savings of  1.296 billion (year 3) to  1.481 billion (year 5). This scenario proffers significant expense reduction and societal benefit, and represents a minimum 1.9* return on the investment cost for surgical treatment. Further large cost savings would require reductions in initial @entity4760 incidence, which @entity5663 might achieve by selective application to advanced @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ). By minimizing the contribution of recurrences to yearly nDFU incidence, @entity5663 has potential to reduce by nearly  1 billion the annual cost of @entity4760 treatment in the United States.

title: Illustration of Cost Saving Implications of Lower Extremity Nerve Decompression to Prevent Recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy', 'DSPN']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Lower extremity multiple nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer', 'DFU']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot Ulceration']


abstract: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a rapidly developing, non-invasive technique for local treatment of solid @entity5 that produce coagulative @entity5 @entity39 . This study is aimed to investigate the feasibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) on early assessing treatment of HIFU ablation in @entity95 with VX2 @entity96 . HIFU ablation was performed on normal liver and VX2 @entity5 in @entity95 , and MRS was performed on normal liver and VX2 @entity5 before and 2 days after 100% HIFU ablation or 80% ablation in @entity5 volume. @entity1877 ( @entity435 ) and @entity1877 /lipid ( @entity435 /Lip) ratios between complete and partial HIFU ablation of @entity5 were compared. Tissues were harvested and sequentially sliced to confirm the @entity39 . In normal liver, the @entity435 value liver was not obviously changed after HIFU (P > .05), but the @entity435 /Lip ratio was decreased (P < .05). @entity435 in liver VX2 @entity5 was much higher than that in normal liver (P < .001). @entity435 and @entity435 /Lip ratio were significantly decreased in @entity5 after complete HIFU ablation and partial HIFU ablation, and the @entity435 value in complete HIFU @entity5 ablation did not show any difference from that in normal liver after HIFU (P > .05); however, the @entity435 value in partial ablation was still higher than that in normal liver before or in @entity5 after complete HIFU treatment due to the residual part of @entity5 , and @entity435 /Lip ratio is lower than that in complete HIFU treatment (P < .001). The changes in MRS parameters were consistent with histopathologic changes of the @entity5 tissues after treatment. MRS could differentiate the complete @entity5 @entity39 from @entity41 tissue, when combined with magnetic resonance imaging. We conclude that MRS may be applied as an important, non-invasive biomarker for monitoring the thoroughness of HIFU ablation.

title: The Value of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1877 :: ('MESH:D002794', 'Chemical') :: ['choline', 'Choline']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Liver Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although sexuality plays a major role in the socialization of @entity1 , few studies have examined the @entity146 of individuals with @entity717 . Because of this, we decided to investigate sexuality in adolescents with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and to compare them with typically developing adolescents, by surveying their parents. Specifically, it was hypothesized that young @entity1 with @entity72 would display lower levels over five domains: social behavior, privacy, sex education, @entity146 , and parental concerns, than peers with @entity1467 and typically developing young @entity1 . In addition, we sought to verify developmental trends in five domains with age for each group. Overall, 269 parents participated; 94 parents of typically developing adolescents, 93 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity1467 , and 82 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity72 . @entity1 were surveyed with a Sexual Behavior Scale developed by Stokes and Kaur [] that assesses parents' reports of their @entity1 's: social behavior, privacy awareness, sex education, @entity146 and parental concerns about the @entity1 's behaviors. It was found that three groups were significantly different on all five domains, adolescents with @entity72 reportedly displaying lower levels than other groups. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in knowledge of privacy and parental concerns with age for adolescents with @entity72 and a decline in sex education for adolescents with @entity1467 . The results obtained emphasize the need to train adolescents with @entity717 , and especially for adolescents with @entity72 through sex education programs. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The differential effects of @entity2438 and XXXX on @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors', 'sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Ds', "Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disability', 'developmental disabilities']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although sexuality plays a major role in the socialization of @entity1 , few studies have examined the @entity146 of individuals with @entity717 . Because of this, we decided to investigate sexuality in adolescents with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and to compare them with typically developing adolescents, by surveying their parents. Specifically, it was hypothesized that young @entity1 with @entity72 would display lower levels over five domains: social behavior, privacy, sex education, @entity146 , and parental concerns, than peers with @entity1467 and typically developing young @entity1 . In addition, we sought to verify developmental trends in five domains with age for each group. Overall, 269 parents participated; 94 parents of typically developing adolescents, 93 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity1467 , and 82 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity72 . @entity1 were surveyed with a Sexual Behavior Scale developed by Stokes and Kaur [] that assesses parents' reports of their @entity1 's: social behavior, privacy awareness, sex education, @entity146 and parental concerns about the @entity1 's behaviors. It was found that three groups were significantly different on all five domains, adolescents with @entity72 reportedly displaying lower levels than other groups. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in knowledge of privacy and parental concerns with age for adolescents with @entity72 and a decline in sex education for adolescents with @entity1467 . The results obtained emphasize the need to train adolescents with @entity717 , and especially for adolescents with @entity72 through sex education programs. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The differential effects of XXXX and @entity1467 on @entity146 .

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although sexuality plays a major role in the socialization of @entity1 , few studies have examined the @entity146 of individuals with @entity717 . Because of this, we decided to investigate sexuality in adolescents with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) and to compare them with typically developing adolescents, by surveying their parents. Specifically, it was hypothesized that young @entity1 with @entity72 would display lower levels over five domains: social behavior, privacy, sex education, @entity146 , and parental concerns, than peers with @entity1467 and typically developing young @entity1 . In addition, we sought to verify developmental trends in five domains with age for each group. Overall, 269 parents participated; 94 parents of typically developing adolescents, 93 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity1467 , and 82 parents of adolescents diagnosed with @entity72 . @entity1 were surveyed with a Sexual Behavior Scale developed by Stokes and Kaur [] that assesses parents' reports of their @entity1 's: social behavior, privacy awareness, sex education, @entity146 and parental concerns about the @entity1 's behaviors. It was found that three groups were significantly different on all five domains, adolescents with @entity72 reportedly displaying lower levels than other groups. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in knowledge of privacy and parental concerns with age for adolescents with @entity72 and a decline in sex education for adolescents with @entity1467 . The results obtained emphasize the need to train adolescents with @entity717 , and especially for adolescents with @entity72 through sex education programs. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The differential effects of @entity2438 and @entity1467 on XXXX .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity242 , a heterogeneous group of @entity5 , are challenging to treat and require multidisciplinary cooperation and planning. We analyzed the efficacy of flap reconstruction in @entity1 with bone and soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: @entity1 charts and operative records were retrospectively reviewed from January 2006 through October 2013 to identify @entity242 @entity1 characteristics, @entity260 , revisions, recurrences, and survival. Pedicled and/or free flap reconstruction was performed in 109 @entity1 . Flap selection was based on defect size, and exposure of anatomically critical structures or major orthopedic implants. RESULTS: Of 109 @entity1 , 71 (65.1  %) were @entity1 , and mean age was 56.4  years. @entity5 most frequently located in a lower extremity (38.7  %). Primary @entity242 comprised 79.2  % and recurrences occurred in 18.9  %. Wide resection was performed for 65.7  %, and there were 10 planned amputations combined with flap reconstruction. A total of 111 @entity5 received 128 flaps: 76 pedicled flaps, 42 free flaps, and 5 combined (10 total) pedicled   +   free-flaps. The success rate was 94  % for the pedicled flap group, 97  % for the free-flap group, and 100  % for the pedicle   +   free-flap group. Of 35 @entity1 , 5 developed @entity281 . Only one amputation due to disease progression was performed. Satisfactory functional outcome was achieved in 69  %. Survival rate during a mean (standard deviation) 3(2) year follow-up was 83.5  %. CONCLUSIONS: Primary flap reconstruction after @entity242 surgery satisfies oncologic goals. Large @entity5 in difficult areas can be removed and complete @entity5 resection achieved. Our findings indicate a high survival rate after @entity242 surgery utilizing flap reconstruction and a low recurrence rate.

title: Primary flap reconstruction of tissue defects after XXXX surgery enables curative treatment with acceptable functional results: a 7-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep prosthetic infections']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designated to quantitatively evaluate the effect of @entity3034 on spinal posture in @entity1 with @entity1726 using a computer-assisted handheld SpinalMouse device. METHODS: Prospective case-study involving 48 @entity1 with definite @entity1726 . All @entity1 were recruited between September 2011 and September 2013 and included 22 dopa-na  ve, evaluated before and 3 months after initiation of treatment, and 26 @entity1 with response fluctuations studied during the "off" and "on" states. The SpinalMouse instrument, a computer-assisted mechanical hand-held device, designed to noninvasively assess the curvature of the spine was guided along the midline of the vertebral column in upright, full flexion, and full extension positions to objectively assess spinal posture. RESULTS: In the dopa-na  ve @entity1 , spinal incline in the upright position was 12.4  1.2   before and 7.6  1.3   after treatment; p=0.002. Corresponding area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were 131.7  8.0cm(2) and 87.1  7.3cm(2); p<0.0001. In the response fluctuations @entity1 , spinal incline was 13.3  1.3   in the "off" and 9.3  1.2   in the "on" period; p=0.015. Corresponding AUC values were 144.6  9.2cm(2) and 103.1  8.2cm(2); p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that objectively measured and quantified abnormalities of spinal posture in @entity1 with @entity1726 . Findings suggest that @entity3034 does have a beneficial effect on anterior flexion of the thoracolumbar spine, and thus indicate that the disorder of stooped posture in @entity1726 is mediated, at least in part, by @entity935 deficiency.

title: Beneficial effect of XXXX therapy on stooped posture in Parkinson's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['levodopa']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between psychological characteristics in self-management and probable @entity308 status in individuals with a traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Community-dwelling individuals with traumatic @entity1566 living across Canada. METHODS: Individuals with @entity1566 were recruited by email via the @entity21191 Hansen Institute as well as an outpatient hospital spinal clinic. Data were collected by self-report using an online survey. Standardized questionnaires were embedded within a larger survey and included the @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS), the short version of the @entity1 Activation Measure (PAM), the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) and the Pearlin-Schooler Mastery Scale (PMS). RESULTS: Individuals with probable @entity308 (n=25) had lower self-efficacy (67.9 vs 94.2, P<0.0001), mastery (18.9 vs 22.9, P<0.0001) and @entity1 activation (60.4 vs 71.6, P<0.0001) as well as higher @entity148 (9.0 vs 5.5, P<0.0001), compared with their non- @entity308 counterparts (n=75). A logistic regression determined that lower self-efficacy and mastery scores as well as less time since injury were associated with @entity308 status (P=0.002; P=0.02 and P=0.02, respectively). Individuals with higher @entity148 scores were almost 1.5 times more likely to be @entity308 , while older age was positively associated with @entity308 status (P=0.016 and P=0.024, respectively). CONCLUSION: Interventions for @entity308 in @entity1566 , including a self-management program, should target factors such as self-efficacy and mastery, which could improve secondary medical complications and overall quality of life.

title: Impact of psychological characteristics in self-management in individuals with traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgery for liver @entity3 is considered an active strategy in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, its impact on initially unresectable, previously untreated advanced @entity14 , regardless of concurrent @entity3 , remains to be clarified. METHODS: A Phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab for initially unresectable advanced @entity14 . @entity1 with previously untreated advanced @entity694 initially diagnosed as unresectable advanced @entity14 (TNM stage IIIb, IIIc, or IV) but potentially resectable after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were studied. Preoperatively, @entity1 received six cycles of NAC (five cycles of neoadjuvant FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab followed by one cycle of FOLFOX4 alone). The interval between the last dose of bevacizumab and surgery was at least 5 weeks. Six cycles of adjuvant FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab were given after surgery. The completion rate of NAC and feasibility of curative surgery were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: An interim analysis was performed at the end of NAC in the 12th @entity1 to assess the completion rate of NAC. The median follow-up time was 56 months. The characteristics of the @entity1 were as follows: sex, eight males and four females; @entity5 location, sigmoid colon in three, ascending colon in one, and rectum (above the peritoneal reflection) in eight; stage, III in eight and IV in four (liver or lymph nodes). All @entity1 completed six cycles of NAC. There were no treatment-related severe adverse events or @entity204 . An objective response to NAC was achieved in nine @entity1 (75%), and no disease progression was observed. Eleven @entity1 underwent curative @entity5 resection, including metastatic lesions. In December 2012, this Phase II study was terminated because of slow registration. CONCLUSION: Perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab is well tolerated and has a promising response rate leading to curative surgery, which offers a survival benefit in initially unresectable advanced @entity14 with concurrent metastatic lesions.

title: Perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab for initially unresectable advanced @entity14 (NAVIGATE- XXXX -01).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon or rectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['CRC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgery for liver @entity3 is considered an active strategy in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, its impact on initially unresectable, previously untreated advanced @entity14 , regardless of concurrent @entity3 , remains to be clarified. METHODS: A Phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab for initially unresectable advanced @entity14 . @entity1 with previously untreated advanced @entity694 initially diagnosed as unresectable advanced @entity14 (TNM stage IIIb, IIIc, or IV) but potentially resectable after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were studied. Preoperatively, @entity1 received six cycles of NAC (five cycles of neoadjuvant FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab followed by one cycle of FOLFOX4 alone). The interval between the last dose of bevacizumab and surgery was at least 5 weeks. Six cycles of adjuvant FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab were given after surgery. The completion rate of NAC and feasibility of curative surgery were the primary endpoints. RESULTS: An interim analysis was performed at the end of NAC in the 12th @entity1 to assess the completion rate of NAC. The median follow-up time was 56 months. The characteristics of the @entity1 were as follows: sex, eight males and four females; @entity5 location, sigmoid colon in three, ascending colon in one, and rectum (above the peritoneal reflection) in eight; stage, III in eight and IV in four (liver or lymph nodes). All @entity1 completed six cycles of NAC. There were no treatment-related severe adverse events or @entity204 . An objective response to NAC was achieved in nine @entity1 (75%), and no disease progression was observed. Eleven @entity1 underwent curative @entity5 resection, including metastatic lesions. In December 2012, this Phase II study was terminated because of slow registration. CONCLUSION: Perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab is well tolerated and has a promising response rate leading to curative surgery, which offers a survival benefit in initially unresectable advanced @entity14 with concurrent metastatic lesions.

title: Perioperative FOLFOX4 plus bevacizumab for initially unresectable advanced XXXX (NAVIGATE- @entity14 -01).

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the @entity2653 ( @entity71138 ) has been developed two decades ago, its reliability has not been defined; therefore, we present a meta-analyis of the reliability of the @entity71138 in order to reveal to what extent the @entity71138 is reliable. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched to March 2014. The included studies were those that reported samples size, reliability coefficients, and adequate description of the @entity71138 reliability assessment. The guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were used. Two reviewers independently examined abstracts and extracted data. The effect size was obtained by the z-transformation of reliability coefficients. Data were pooled with random-effects models, and meta-regression was done based on the method of moment's estimator. RESULTS: Six studies were included in this study at last. Pooled coefficient for the @entity71138 was substantial 0.428 (95%CI 0.340-0.509). The rate of mis-triage was less than fifty percent. The agreement upon the adult version is higher than the pediatric version. CONCLUSION: The @entity71138 has shown an acceptable level of overall reliability in the emergency department, but it needs more development to reach an almost perfect agreement.

title: The reliability of the XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Australasian Triage Scale']

answer: @entity2653 :: (MESH:C538175,Disease) :: ['Australasian Triage Scale']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the reliability and the validity of the translated version of the @entity64 specific quality of life (SS-QOL) questionnaire in Iranian post- @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: This project was performed at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, between 12 April 2010 and 24 February 2011. The English version of the SS-QOL was translated into Persian by "forward-backward" translation, cognitive inquiring and cultural adaptation process. The reliability and internal consistency were measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was assessed using convergent and divergent validity through Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Our study included 117 post- @entity64 @entity1 , consisting of 57 (48.7%) @entity1 and 60 (51.3%) @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 81.60    7.52 (range 60-88) years. The Persian version of the SS-QOL proved reliable (Cronbach's a = 0.96). Internal consistency was excellent for both demographic and @entity1 ' clinical characteristics (Cronbach's a >=  0.70). The scaling success rates were 100% for convergent validity of each scale. Divergent validity for all 12 scales was considered acceptable, whereas each scale had a 100% scaling success rate for convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Persian version of SS-QOL should be mentioned as a noteworthy instrument to specify different aspects of health related QOL of @entity1 suffering @entity64 and hence that clinicians, researchers and epidemiologist can exploit it trustfully.

title: XXXX specific quality of life questionnaire: Test of reliability and validity of the Persian version.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a variety of biological processes like cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell fate determination. This pathway has been extensively investigated as its deregulation is linked to different diseases, including various types of @entity5 , @entity853 , @entity600 (including neural @entity601 ), @entity209 , @entity179 and several fibrotic diseases like @entity765 . In the "on state", @entity3546 , the key effector of Wnt signaling, enters the nucleus where it binds to the members of the TCF-LEF family of transcription factors and exerts its effect on gene transcription. Disease development can be caused by direct or indirect alterations of the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling. In the first case germline or somatic mutations of the Wnt components are associated to several diseases such as the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) - caused by germline mutations of the @entity5 suppressor @entity1412 gene (APC) - and the desmoid-like @entity81 , a @entity5 associated with somatic mutations of the @entity3546 gene ( @entity3546 ). In the second case, epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental factors have been demonstrated to play a key role in Wnt pathway activation. The natural autocrine Wnt signaling acts through agonists and antagonists competing for the Wnt receptors. Anomalies in this regulation, whichever is their etiology, are an important part in the pathogenesis of Wnt pathway linked diseases. An example is promoter hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists, such as SFRPs, that causes gene silencing preventing their function and consequently leading to the activation of the Wnt pathway. Microenvironmental factors, such as the extracellular matrix, growth factors and inflammatory mediators, represent another type of indirect mechanism that influence Wnt pathway activation. A favorable microenvironment can lead to aberrant fibroblasts activation and accumulation of ECM proteins with subsequent tissue @entity82 that can evolve in @entity66 or @entity5 . Since the development and progression of several diseases is the outcome of the Wnt pathway cross-talk with other signaling pathways and inflammatory factors, it is important to consider not only direct inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway but also inhibitors of microenvironmental factors as promising therapeutic approaches for several @entity5 of fibrotic origin.

title: The Wnt/ XXXX pathway in human @entity66 and its eligibility as a therapeutic target.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'sporadic tumor']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal defects']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect disorders']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['beta-catenin', 'b-catenin', 'CTNNB1']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tube defects']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'adenomatous polyposis coli', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

answer: @entity3546 :: (1499,Gene) :: ['b-catenin']


abstract: The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in a variety of biological processes like cell proliferation, cell polarity, and cell fate determination. This pathway has been extensively investigated as its deregulation is linked to different diseases, including various types of @entity5 , @entity853 , @entity600 (including neural @entity601 ), @entity209 , @entity179 and several fibrotic diseases like @entity765 . In the "on state", @entity3546 , the key effector of Wnt signaling, enters the nucleus where it binds to the members of the TCF-LEF family of transcription factors and exerts its effect on gene transcription. Disease development can be caused by direct or indirect alterations of the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling. In the first case germline or somatic mutations of the Wnt components are associated to several diseases such as the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) - caused by germline mutations of the @entity5 suppressor @entity1412 gene (APC) - and the desmoid-like @entity81 , a @entity5 associated with somatic mutations of the @entity3546 gene ( @entity3546 ). In the second case, epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental factors have been demonstrated to play a key role in Wnt pathway activation. The natural autocrine Wnt signaling acts through agonists and antagonists competing for the Wnt receptors. Anomalies in this regulation, whichever is their etiology, are an important part in the pathogenesis of Wnt pathway linked diseases. An example is promoter hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists, such as SFRPs, that causes gene silencing preventing their function and consequently leading to the activation of the Wnt pathway. Microenvironmental factors, such as the extracellular matrix, growth factors and inflammatory mediators, represent another type of indirect mechanism that influence Wnt pathway activation. A favorable microenvironment can lead to aberrant fibroblasts activation and accumulation of ECM proteins with subsequent tissue @entity82 that can evolve in @entity66 or @entity5 . Since the development and progression of several diseases is the outcome of the Wnt pathway cross-talk with other signaling pathways and inflammatory factors, it is important to consider not only direct inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway but also inhibitors of microenvironmental factors as promising therapeutic approaches for several @entity5 of fibrotic origin.

title: The Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway in human XXXX and its eligibility as a therapeutic target.

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['fibrotic-like diseases']