abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity2059 and @entity2380 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity14937 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2380 versus @entity2059 in @entity1 with @entity14937 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity14937 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2380 (400 mg) or @entity2059 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 were assessed mycologically by @entity3071 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3071 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity1 in the @entity2380 group and 4 (20%) @entity1 in the @entity2059 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity2059 group compared to the @entity2380 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2380 was found to be more effective than @entity2059 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose @entity2380 versus XXXX in @entity14937 .

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['itraconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity2059 and @entity2380 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity14937 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2380 versus @entity2059 in @entity1 with @entity14937 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity14937 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2380 (400 mg) or @entity2059 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 were assessed mycologically by @entity3071 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3071 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity1 in the @entity2380 group and 4 (20%) @entity1 in the @entity2059 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity2059 group compared to the @entity2380 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2380 was found to be more effective than @entity2059 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose @entity2380 versus @entity2059 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity14937 :: (MESH:D014010,Disease) :: ['pityriasis versicolor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe anterior vitreous face behavior when AcrySof (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) intraocular lenses come in contact with the anterior vitreous face after posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy in pediatric @entity1 undergoing @entity231 surgery. METHODS: This study comprised 14 eyes of 12 @entity1 whose mean age was 9.6 years (range, 2.3 to 16.0). All eyes underwent primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis without anterior vitrectomy and had AcrySof IOLs implanted in the bag. Changes on the anterior vitreous face were documented, and visual acuity was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Student group t and Mann Whitney tests. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 21.1 +/- 7.4 months (range, 15.0 to 36 months). Nine eyes (64.3%) had a clear @entity227 , whereas 5 eyes (35.7%) developed anterior vitreous face changes. Of those with anterior vitreous face changes, 60% (3 of 5) eyes showed a fine meshwork-like reticular response termed "anterior vitreous reticular response" (AVR); 20% (1 of 5) eyes showed a scaffold response; and 20% (1 of 5) eyes showed a mixed response at the last follow-up examination. The difference in visual acuity before and after the development of the AVR response was not significant (P =.712). The mean age of @entity1 with eyes having a clear @entity227 was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years (median = 11.0; range, 9.1 to 16.0), and the mean age of @entity1 with eyes having anterior vitreous face changes was 5.1 +/- 3.4 years (median = 3.6; range, 2.3 to 11.6) (P =.0098). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that when the AcrySof intraocular lenses come in contact with the anterior vitreous face, they produce the AVR response during the early postoperative period in younger eyes. This does not seem to have any significant impact on visual acuity.

title: Anterior vitreous face behavior with AcrySof in pediatric XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The improved Finapres apparatus, known as the Finometer, measures finger blood pressure noninvasively on a beat-to-beat basis and gives waveform measurements similar to intra-arterial recordings. The Finometer measures brachial pressure and corrects for finger pressure accordingly. It also corrects for the hydrostatic height of the finger with respect to the heart level. The objective was to validate the Finometer according to the revised British @entity101 Society (BHS) protocol and the criteria of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). We carried out a main validation test using a subject group of 102 black @entity1 , which was also divided into smaller groups, namely 24 @entity101 , 25 @entity28 normotensive and 35 lean normotensive @entity1 . Finometer and @entity349 sphygmomanometer blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken early in the morning before breakfast, after the subjects stayed overnight in a research unit. Within the whole subject group, the Finometer satisfied the AAMI criteria for accuracy and achieved an overall A/B grading according to the BHS criteria. The sphygmomanometer measurements were 128+/-20/78+/-12 mmHg compared to 130+/-20/78+/-11 mmHg for the Finometer. The average differences between the @entity349 sphygmomanometer and Finometer readings for systolic and diastolic BP were, respectively, -1.83+/-6.8 and 0.88+/-7.5. Systolic readings of the Finometer device differed by less than 5 mmHg for 64%, by less than 10 mmHg for 86% and differed by less than 15 mmHg for 96% of all readings. A total of 63% of all diastolic readings of the Finometer by less than 5 mmHg, 85% by less than 10 mmHg and 94% of all readings differed by less than 15 mmHg. On the basis of these results, the Finometer device satisfied the validation criteria of AAMI and received an A/B grading according to the BHS protocol. It can therefore be recommended for measurements in the clinical set-up and for research purposes.

title: Validation of the Finometer device for measurement of blood pressure in black XXXX .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is an unusual condition mainly observed during the postpartum period. It has not been reported to date in the @entity1701 . Two female @entity1 with @entity1701 , ages 33 years and 73 years, were diagnosed as having @entity43 by computed tomography (CT) scan, according to the radiologic criteria described by Zerhouni et al. In 1 of the @entity1 , the left vein was affected by @entity43 , while in the other @entity1 , the right vein was affected. One of the @entity1 had a @entity1151 ; the diagnosis of @entity43 was established after she underwent a cesarean section and a right atrium thrombectomy. The other @entity1 had no vascular manifestations. @entity43 was asymptomatic in both @entity1 . Searches for associated thrombophilic states yielded negative results. With the continuation of anticoagulation therapy, the 2 @entity1 have remained in good condition. Resolution of the @entity43 was observed in the @entity1 who underwent a CT scan during followup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity43 occurring in the @entity1701 . Given that it may develop in the absence of pelvic clinical manifestations, this complication may be underdiagnosed.

title: @entity43 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian vein thrombosis', 'OVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['definite antiphospholipid syndrome', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is an unusual condition mainly observed during the postpartum period. It has not been reported to date in the @entity1701 . Two female @entity1 with @entity1701 , ages 33 years and 73 years, were diagnosed as having @entity43 by computed tomography (CT) scan, according to the radiologic criteria described by Zerhouni et al. In 1 of the @entity1 , the left vein was affected by @entity43 , while in the other @entity1 , the right vein was affected. One of the @entity1 had a @entity1151 ; the diagnosis of @entity43 was established after she underwent a cesarean section and a right atrium thrombectomy. The other @entity1 had no vascular manifestations. @entity43 was asymptomatic in both @entity1 . Searches for associated thrombophilic states yielded negative results. With the continuation of anticoagulation therapy, the 2 @entity1 have remained in good condition. Resolution of the @entity43 was observed in the @entity1 who underwent a CT scan during followup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of @entity43 occurring in the @entity1701 . Given that it may develop in the absence of pelvic clinical manifestations, this complication may be underdiagnosed.

title: XXXX in the @entity1701 .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian vein thrombosis']


abstract: This case report describes a failure after correct clip application at a time unrelated to pregnancy and discusses some implications of this form of sterilization. A 26-year-old @entity1 with 3 @entity1 had a laparoscopic clip sterilization performed by a double portal approach. A good view of a normal pelvis was obtained and a clip applied to the isthmic region of each tube, approximately 2 cm from the cornu. The clips appeared to be @entity5274 . The @entity1 presented again 4 months later with a history of 7 weeks' @entity2588 and a positive pregnancy test. Vagainal suction termination of the pregnancy was performed and bilateral partial salpingectomy performed through a small transverse suprapubic incision. The portion of tube beneath the left clip was completely occluded on histological examination, while that on the right was obviously patent. The clips were completely across and correctly applied at right angles to the isthmic regions with no other adjacent structures included: the hinges were apparently intact and the springs were fully engaged. Most reported cases of pregnancy when clips were thought to have been correctly applied (although such application is rarely confirmed by further study) occur within 11 months of the primary procedure, suggesting failure of @entity432 to be the cause, rather than recanalization. It is believed that this pregnant case is the 1st reported in which failure to occlude a tube has been followed by careful assessment of the anatomical correctness of application and histological examination of the clipped portions of both tubes. The case demonstrates that even when clips are correctly applied, with careful exclusion of adjacent nontubal structures, and at a time unrelated to pregnancy, there is still no visible evidence of @entity432 such as that seen after ring or coagulation procedures. While it is possible that the clip mechanism itself was at fault, both clips were completely locked over their respective tubes, and one had produced absolute histological obliteration of the lumen. Failure of the clip method, however rare, may therefore be entirely unpredictable. It appears that further evaluation of clip application is indicated in view of this failure with anatomically normal, nonpregnant tubes.

title: Clip sterilization--failure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['completely across both tubes']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tubal occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['tubal occlusion']


abstract: Interviewing some 350,000 @entity1 in 42 developing countries and 20 developed countries representing nearly 40% of the world's population, the @entity249 ( @entity249 ) is in a unique position to document the historic 1970s slowdown in global population growth. This Bulletin describes efforts begun in 1972 to ensure high quality, internationally comparable, accessible data, the data's importance for policymakers, planners and researchers, and major findings available by early 1982 from directly assisted @entity249 surveys in 29 developing countries and contraceptive use data from @entity249 -type surveys in 16 developed countries. Marital fertility has declined in all developing regions except Africa but still averages from 4.6 @entity1 / @entity1 in Latin America to 6.7 in Africa, while preferred family size ranges from 3.0 @entity1 in @entity233 to 8.9 in Senegal--far above the average 2.2-2.5 @entity1 / @entity1 needed to end developing countries' population growth in the long run. However, @entity1 ages 15-19 prefer nearly 2 @entity1 fewer than the oldest @entity1 ages 45-49; 3.8 vs. 5.7 on the average. Nearly 1/2 (48%) of married @entity1 surveyed in 27 countreis said they wanted no more @entity1 . Preventing all unwanted births would reduce birth rates up to 15 births/1000 population in these countries. Overall, 32% of married, fecund @entity1 in developing countries are using contraception compared to an average 72% in 16 developed countries. Education, literacy, and more available family planning services increase contraceptive use. Age at marriage is rising in Asia, but this factor alone has little effect on fertility. @entity1 mortality is higher in many developing countries than previously thought. Breastfeeding is an important restraint on fertility in most developing countries but is declining among more educated, employed, and urban @entity1 which could raise fertility if not compensated for by gains in contraceptive use.

title: The XXXX : charting global childbearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Infant', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['WFS', 'World Fertility Survey']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['World Fertility Survey']


abstract: The author, who helped develop the OMGA IUD in 1966, presents data on the effectiveness and tolerance of the OMGA @entity920 IUD. From July 1980-February 1982, 180 insertions were done, yielding a total of 2302 months of use through May 1982. 26 OOT, 78 OT, 67 IT, and 9 2T devices were included. There were 19 expulsions, 1 removal for metrorragia, 4 pregnancies, 1 @entity281 ( @entity9414 ). Minor problems associated with IUD use were not considered. The Pearl index of 2.08% was higher than that obtained in 1970 with inert OMGA IUDs. The same findings were noted at endometrial biopsies after 1 year of use of OMGA @entity920 devices as had been found with the inert devices. The number of expulsions (10.55% on average for the 4 models) was significant, despite precautions to adjust IUDs to the uterine cavity. The proportion of expulsions varied from 3.84% for the OOT and OT, 16.66% for the IT, to 22.22% for the 2T. In addition, 2 2T IUDs rotated 90 degrees 6 months after insertion, but without requiring removal. No pregnancies occurred with the OOT, 2 with the OT, 1 in a 36-year old @entity1 after 15 months and 1 in a 39-year old @entity1 after 7 months; 2 with the IT, 1 in a 36-year old after 7 months and 1 in a 43-year old after 16 months. No uterine pregnancies occurred with the 2T but ectopic pregnancy occurred in a 45-year old @entity1 after 4 months. It is hazardous to predict the in vivo experience of OMGA @entity920 devices based on in vitro experiments, but it appears that after the disappearance of the @entity920 the device becomes an inert OMGA and may be left in place for several years without problems for @entity1 over 40.

title: [OMGA XXXX : prescribe or proscribe (author's transl) (letter)].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy, and 1 infection']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral salpingitis']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: Several studies have reported on the appearance of cutaneous porphyria in @entity1 treated with @entity172 . This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on levels of @entity7889 in urine in nonporphyric @entity1 . 30 @entity1 aged 21-40 and on OCs were observed as the study group, and 10 @entity1 using other contraceptive methods were observed as the control group. Urinary @entity7889 were measured by the Remington method. Levels of urinary @entity10474 and of urinary @entity10475 were higher in the study group than in the control group. These differences, however, are not statistically significant. To study the effect of duration of OC treatment, @entity1 who had taken OCs for 3-6 months and @entity1 who had taken OCs for longer than 6 months were observed, and the means of urinary @entity10474 and @entity10475 measured. Again, the differences were found to be insignificant, although slightly higher values of urinary @entity10474 were obtained for @entity1 who had been on OCs for a longer period. These results compare favorably with others reported in the published literature. It can be concluded that OC treatment has no significant bearing on @entity7170 metabolism.

title: Effect of oral contraceptives on urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity10474 :: ('CHEBI:23388', 'Chemical') :: ['coproporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity10475 :: ('CHEBI:27259', 'Chemical') :: ['uroporphyrin']

answer: @entity7889 :: (MESH:D011166,Chemical) :: ['porphyrins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The widespread use of abdominal imaging has led to increased detection of @entity5 . The significance of these masses, as well as the optimal management approach to treatment, has generated some controversy regarding further evaluation and therapy. METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature regarding the evaluation and management of these masses, particularly @entity700 . Based on their institutional experience, they propose a diagnostic, evaluation, and management algorithm for treating @entity774 . RESULTS: Appearance and clinical history should indicate how to perform the biochemical evaluation, keeping in mind that the presence of @entity1911 must be ruled out. Radiological evaluation by CT or MRI provides useful parameters to identify malignant lesions. Surgery is indicated for masses that are larger than 5 cm in diameter or suspected of @entity5 . Fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used when other extra-adrenal @entity5 are suspected and after @entity1911 has been ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: Careful analysis of each @entity774 is essential to effectively avoid potential problems. Guidelines to manage @entity1 with @entity774 are needed.

title: Evaluation and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal mass', 'adrenal masses']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal masses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity67 induced by @entity63 may alter transmitral blood flow, but this reflects global ventricular function, and pseudonormalization may occur with increased preload. Tissue Doppler may assess regional diastolic function and is relatively load-independent, but limited data exist regarding its application to stress testing. We sought to examine the stress response of regional diastolic parameters to @entity452 echocardiography (DbE). METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 underwent study with DbE: 20 with low probability of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and 43 with @entity453 who underwent angiography. A standard DbE protocol was used, and segments were categorized as @entity63 , scar, or normal. Color tissue Doppler was acquired at baseline and peak stress, and waveforms in the basal and mid segments were used to measure early filling (Em), late filling (Am), and E deceleration time. Significant @entity453 was defined by stenoses >50% vessel diameter. RESULTS: Diastolic parameters had limited feasibility because of merging of Em and Am waves at high heart rates and limited reproducibility. Nonetheless, compared with normal segments, segments subtended with significant stenoses showed a lower Em velocity at rest (6.2 +/- 2.6 cm/s vs 4.8 +/- 2.2 cm/s, P <.0001) and peak (7.5 +/- 4.2 cm/s vs 5.1 +/- 3.6 cm/s, P <.0001). Abnormal segments also showed a shorter E deceleration time (51 +/- 27 ms vs 41 +/- 27 ms, P =.0001) at base and peak. No changes were documented in Am. The same pattern was seen with segments identified as @entity63 with wall motion score. However, in the absence of @entity63 , segments of @entity1 with @entity4346 showed a lower Em velocity, with blunted Em responses to stress. CONCLUSION: Regional diastolic function is sensitive to @entity63 . However, a number of practical limitations limit the applicability of diastolic parameters for the quantification of stress echocardiography.

title: Determinants of tissue Doppler measures of regional diastolic function during XXXX stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: AIM: The number of examined lymph nodes (NLN) was associated with survival of stages II and III @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . Guidelines recommend examining at least 12 lymph nodes. This study investigated the influence of surgical specimen length on lymph node harvest and compliance with international guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study included 4,724 cases of surgically treated @entity14 that were diagnosed from 2002 to 2008. Multivariate analyses were performed for the main study variables (age, gender, diagnosis at screening or in symptomatic @entity1 , @entity5 site, staging, grading, number of positive nodes, neo-adjuvant treatment for @entity5 , hospital were surgery was performed). Fractional polynomial models investigated the relationship between continuous variables and outcomes. RESULTS: The NLN increased over time reaching >= 12 NLN in 64% of cases at the end of the study period. More NLN were associated with young age, right @entity694 , @entity1803 -T4 disease, stages II and III and high grade. Fewer NLN were associated with short surgical specimen length and neo-adjuvant treatment in @entity5 @entity1 . Use of laparoscopy increased sharply over time. CONCLUSIONS: NLN increased over time in accordance with international guidelines. Surgical specimen length correlated with NLN which may determine therapeutic choices, particularly in @entity5 . When harvested lymph nodes are under 10 in number and all are negative, chemotherapy is always recommended. As specimen lengths <20  cm were associated with a high risk of inadequate NLN counts, @entity1 are at risk of over-treatment.

title: Linking surgical specimen length and examined lymph nodes in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II colon cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIM: The number of examined lymph nodes (NLN) was associated with survival of stages II and III @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . Guidelines recommend examining at least 12 lymph nodes. This study investigated the influence of surgical specimen length on lymph node harvest and compliance with international guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This population-based study included 4,724 cases of surgically treated @entity14 that were diagnosed from 2002 to 2008. Multivariate analyses were performed for the main study variables (age, gender, diagnosis at screening or in symptomatic @entity1 , @entity5 site, staging, grading, number of positive nodes, neo-adjuvant treatment for @entity5 , hospital were surgery was performed). Fractional polynomial models investigated the relationship between continuous variables and outcomes. RESULTS: The NLN increased over time reaching >= 12 NLN in 64% of cases at the end of the study period. More NLN were associated with young age, right @entity694 , @entity1803 -T4 disease, stages II and III and high grade. Fewer NLN were associated with short surgical specimen length and neo-adjuvant treatment in @entity5 @entity1 . Use of laparoscopy increased sharply over time. CONCLUSIONS: NLN increased over time in accordance with international guidelines. Surgical specimen length correlated with NLN which may determine therapeutic choices, particularly in @entity5 . When harvested lymph nodes are under 10 in number and all are negative, chemotherapy is always recommended. As specimen lengths <20  cm were associated with a high risk of inadequate NLN counts, @entity1 are at risk of over-treatment.

title: Linking surgical specimen length and examined lymph nodes in @entity14 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity1 with a @entity706 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity1 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity1893 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity1143 , and a @entity5 in the spleen. @entity706 cells were found in the @entity1143 , and the @entity706 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity1887 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity3726 regimen. All @entity75 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity1143 , elevation of the @entity1 's @entity880 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity1199 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity706 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly @entity1893 XXXX with a massive @entity5 of the heart].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity1 with a @entity706 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity1 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity1893 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity1143 , and a @entity5 in the spleen. @entity706 cells were found in the @entity1143 , and the @entity706 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity1887 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity3726 regimen. All @entity75 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity1143 , elevation of the @entity1 's @entity880 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity1199 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity706 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly @entity1893 @entity1 with a massive XXXX of the heart].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity1 with a @entity706 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity1 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity1893 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity1143 , and a @entity5 in the spleen. @entity706 cells were found in the @entity1143 , and the @entity706 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity1887 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity3726 regimen. All @entity75 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity1143 , elevation of the @entity1 's @entity880 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity1199 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity706 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly XXXX @entity1 with a massive @entity5 of the heart].

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node positive (pN+) @entity263 after radical prostatectomy has wide variability in long-term oncologic outcomes. We present a large institutional series with extended followup to create an oncologic risk stratification system that clarifies the prognostic heterogeneity for @entity1 with pN+ disease after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with pN+ @entity263 after radical prostatectomy during 1987 to 2012 were included in the study. Regression models were created to identify significant predictors of biochemical recurrence, @entity3 , @entity5 specific mortality and overall mortality. A @entity5 specific mortality risk score was then created and internally validated to stratify @entity1 in terms of risk of @entity5 specific mortality. RESULTS: For our cohort of 1,011 @entity1 with a median followup of 17.6 years the 20-year rate of @entity5 specific mortality was 31%. On multivariate Cox regression modeling 3 or more positive nodes (HR 1.75, p=0.003), pathological Gleason score 7 vs 6 (HR 1.74, p=0.04) and 8-10 vs 6 (HR 2.63, p=0.001), and positive surgical margins (HR 1.96, p=0.001) were significantly associated with increased @entity5 specific mortality, while adjuvant radiotherapy (HR 0.40, p=0.008) was associated with decreased @entity5 specific mortality. A @entity5 specific mortality risk score was then created using these 4 variables to stratify @entity1 with markedly different prognoses, yielding 20-year @entity5 specific mortality rates of 19.1% vs 34% vs 46% (p <0.001) for low, intermediate and high risk categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with pN+ @entity263 varied significantly after radical prostatectomy. A risk score created using the number of positive nodes, pathological Gleason score, margin status and adjuvant radiotherapy status successfully separated @entity1 into low, intermediate and high risk groups.

title: Risk Stratification of pN+ XXXX after Radical Prostatectomy from a Large Single Institutional Series with Long-Term Followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enucleoresection is defined as presence of a minimal paratumor parenchyma that allows for clear visualization of the @entity5 's contours during @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). Because there is variability in published reports regarding resection techniques during @entity1625 before the surface-intermediate-base (SIB) margin score reporting system, the association between postoperative outcomes and resection techniques are rarely reported. This study was designed to compare the perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes between laparoscopic enucleoresection (LER) (SIB score 1  +  1  +  1  =  3) and @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) (SIB score 1  +  2  +  2  =  5). METHODS: Data from 270 consecutive @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic @entity1625 for single T1 @entity1358 at 3 medical centers were prospectively collected. Propensity score matching was performed on age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), @entity5 size, RENAL nephrometry score, Charlson score, and solitary kidney status. Normal parenchyma width of each @entity1 was evaluated right after the surgery, and SIB score was assigned retrospectively. Ninety-eight matched @entity1 undergoing LER or @entity1625 were compared for perioperative, oncologic, and functional outcomes. RESULTS: After matching, warm @entity63 time (WIT) and operative time were significantly shorter in LER than @entity1625 group (20.8 vs. 23.8  min, P  =  0.003 and 130.8 vs. 152.1  min, P  =  0.005, respectively). Estimated @entity190 (EBL) also was lower in LER than @entity1625 group (50 vs. 90  mL, P  =  0.045). Complication rates, positive surgical margin rates, and local recurrence rates were comparable between groups (P  =  0.3, P  =  0.62, and P  =  1.0, respectively). At last follow-up, the eGFRs also were comparable in both groups (P  =  0.6). CONCLUSIONS: LER has similar oncologic, functional outcomes and complication rates with the advantage of a shorter WIT, operative time, and lower EBL compared with @entity1625 .

title: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for T1 XXXX : Comparison of Two Resection Techniques in a Multi-institutional Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'traditional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy', 'TLPN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 is polygenic with a large genetic component. @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) and @entity1549 degrade extracellular matrix; expression levels are increased in the @entity75 where tissue damage is observed. Polymorphisms associated with elevated expression ( @entity1549 -1171 allele 5A; @entity3334 -1607 2G), at 11q22.2, a region repeatedly showing evidence of linkage in @entity66 , are associated with other chronic inflammatory disorders which may share a common molecular pathology. We tested for an association between these candidate gene polymorphisms and @entity66 . METHODS: Two independent collections of 225 and 102 combined (Norwegian and Swedish) simplex families, and 160 independent healthy controls from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry were used. Each individual was genotyped by PCR and fragment length analysis on an automated sequencer. The transmission/disequilibrium test was applied. Odds ratios were calculated employing probands or affected sibs where available, as cases versus independent controls. RESULTS: @entity3334 allele 2G did not show evidence of association in any tests undertaken. Neither did we find evidence for association of @entity1549 allele 5A, except among the combined family data: a non-significant tendency toward reduced risk was observed among males carrying @entity1549 allele 5A (40.2% transmission, Pc = 0.2). Further testing to clarify this observation did not reveal a significant association (odds ratio = 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.07), P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find significant evidence to support an association of @entity1549 allele 5A or @entity3334 allele 2G with @entity66 in Norwegian and Swedish populations.

title: XXXX candidate genes: no association with functional polymorphisms in @entity3334 gene promoters.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac lesion']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 is polygenic with a large genetic component. @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) and @entity1549 degrade extracellular matrix; expression levels are increased in the @entity75 where tissue damage is observed. Polymorphisms associated with elevated expression ( @entity1549 -1171 allele 5A; @entity3334 -1607 2G), at 11q22.2, a region repeatedly showing evidence of linkage in @entity66 , are associated with other chronic inflammatory disorders which may share a common molecular pathology. We tested for an association between these candidate gene polymorphisms and @entity66 . METHODS: Two independent collections of 225 and 102 combined (Norwegian and Swedish) simplex families, and 160 independent healthy controls from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry were used. Each individual was genotyped by PCR and fragment length analysis on an automated sequencer. The transmission/disequilibrium test was applied. Odds ratios were calculated employing probands or affected sibs where available, as cases versus independent controls. RESULTS: @entity3334 allele 2G did not show evidence of association in any tests undertaken. Neither did we find evidence for association of @entity1549 allele 5A, except among the combined family data: a non-significant tendency toward reduced risk was observed among males carrying @entity1549 allele 5A (40.2% transmission, Pc = 0.2). Further testing to clarify this observation did not reveal a significant association (odds ratio = 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.42-1.07), P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find significant evidence to support an association of @entity1549 allele 5A or @entity3334 allele 2G with @entity66 in Norwegian and Swedish populations.

title: @entity66 candidate genes: no association with functional polymorphisms in XXXX gene promoters.

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Domesticated animals quickly evolve docile and submissive behaviors after isolation from their wild conspecifics. Model organisms reared for prolonged periods in the laboratory also exhibit similar shifts towards these @entity146 . Yet whether this divergence is due to inadvertent selection in the lab or the fixation of deleterious mutations remains unknown. RESULTS: Here, we compare the genomes of lab-reared and wild-caught @entity238 to understand the genetic basis of these recently endowed behaviors common to laboratory models. From reassembled genomes of common lab strains, we identify unique, derived variants not present in global populations (lab-specific SNPs). Decreased selective constraints across low frequency SNPs (unique to one or two lab strains) are different from patterns found in the wild and more similar to neutral expectations, suggesting an overall accumulation of deleterious mutations. However, high-frequency lab SNPs found in most or all lab strains reveal an enrichment of X-linked loci and neuro-sensory genes across large extended haplotypes. Among shared polymorphisms, we also find highly differentiated SNPs, in which the derived allele is higher in frequency in the wild (Fst*wild>lab), enriched for similar neurogenetic ontologies, indicative of relaxed selection on more active wild alleles in the lab. CONCLUSIONS: Among random mutations that continuously accumulate in the laboratory, we detect common adaptive signatures in domesticated lab strains of @entity238 . Our results demonstrate that lab animals can quickly evolve @entity146 via unconscious selection by @entity1 early on a broad pool of disproportionately large neurogenetic targets followed by the fixation of accumulated deleterious mutations on functionally similar targets.

title: Genomic signatures of domestication on neurogenetic genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fruit flies', 'Drosophila melanogaster']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['domesticated behaviors']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2736 ( @entity2736 ) is a benign condition of @entity79 in soft tissue. It is frequently asymptomatic, though it manifests as decreased range of motion in the affected joints that may occur in the shoulder after a substantial @entity130 and can complicate the functional outcome of the affected upper extremity. However, severe @entity2736 is an extremely rare event following acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We are presenting a case of a 29-year-old male @entity1 who had a @entity130 with resultant Rockwood @entity130 . He subsequently complained of left @entity158 with decreased range of motion 3  years later. @entity2736 was diagnosed after X-rays and the severity was assessed with a computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. The @entity1 was treated with a combination of pre-operative radiotherapy, surgical excision, mobilization under anesthesia, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy and physiotherapy. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, excellent clinical and radiological outcomes were achieved with a Constant score of 92 points, DASH score of 24  %, and ASES score 100  %, with a full range of motion of the left shoulder. Furthermore, there was no more radiological evidence of @entity2736 on plain radiographs. CONCLUSION: Severe @entity2736 after a Rockwood type II ACJ injury in this case was successfully treated with combination of pre-operative radiotherapy, surgical excision and manipulation under anesthesia as well as NSAID therapy and physiotherapy.

title: Severe heterotopic ossifications after Rockwood type II XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bone formation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['HO', 'heterotopic ossification', 'Heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'type II injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular joint injury']


abstract: @entity101 is the most important risk factor for @entity64 and @entity1294 . Antihypertensive treatment reduces @entity64 risk by 40%. Most probably, all antihypertensive drugs are equally effective with the exception of alpha blockers. One study showed superiority of an @entity2178 antagonist versus beta blocker in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity4346 . Blood pressure is increased in many @entity1 with @entity64 . In this phase, sudden drops in blood pressure should be avoided. All guidelines concerning antihypertensive treatment in @entity64 are not based on evidence. For secondary prevention, the combination of an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor and diuretic reduced @entity64 by 28% after @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or a first @entity64 . Whether this is a drug-specific effect or due to lowering blood pressure per se is investigated at the moment. Antihypertensive treatment can reduce the incidence of @entity1294 and @entity73 .

title: [Cerebrovascular sequelae of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin- converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin (AT) II']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY: @entity4346 represents an important factor determining the prognosis of @entity101 @entity1 . @entity1184 as identified by electrocardiography (Table 1) or echocardiography (Table 2) characterizes @entity1 with a significantly increased risk of mortality and @entity943 . From the pathophysiological point of view this is based on @entity1184 of the media in resistance vessels, on @entity82 , on a reduced coronary flow reserve and on the occurrence of @entity63 (Figure 1). The diastolic and (later) systolic function of the heart are disturbed (Figures 2 to 4). Antihypertensive therapy with beta blockers and diuretics leads to a reduction of left ventricular mass by 5-8%, with ACE-inhibitors and AT-blockers by 13% (Figure 5). Particularly ACE-inhibitors can effectively reverse of the above mentioned pathological processes. Regression of @entity1184 goes along with an improved prognosis and a reduction of @entity943 (Figure 6). A symptomatic treatment of @entity943 should always be accompanied by medical therapy aimed at regression of @entity1184 . Optimal therapy results in normalizes of blood pressure, leads to a regression of @entity1184 and induces @entity299 , which in turn improve left ventricular function, reduces microvascular @entity63 stress and @entity943 . These therapeutic desiderates are also pertinent for @entity101 in the prehypertrophic state, as in juvenile @entity101 .

title: [Regression of XXXX in @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive heart disease', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac reparation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND THERAPY: @entity4346 represents an important factor determining the prognosis of @entity101 @entity1 . @entity1184 as identified by electrocardiography (Table 1) or echocardiography (Table 2) characterizes @entity1 with a significantly increased risk of mortality and @entity943 . From the pathophysiological point of view this is based on @entity1184 of the media in resistance vessels, on @entity82 , on a reduced coronary flow reserve and on the occurrence of @entity63 (Figure 1). The diastolic and (later) systolic function of the heart are disturbed (Figures 2 to 4). Antihypertensive therapy with beta blockers and diuretics leads to a reduction of left ventricular mass by 5-8%, with ACE-inhibitors and AT-blockers by 13% (Figure 5). Particularly ACE-inhibitors can effectively reverse of the above mentioned pathological processes. Regression of @entity1184 goes along with an improved prognosis and a reduction of @entity943 (Figure 6). A symptomatic treatment of @entity943 should always be accompanied by medical therapy aimed at regression of @entity1184 . Optimal therapy results in normalizes of blood pressure, leads to a regression of @entity1184 and induces @entity299 , which in turn improve left ventricular function, reduces microvascular @entity63 stress and @entity943 . These therapeutic desiderates are also pertinent for @entity101 in the prehypertrophic state, as in juvenile @entity101 .

title: [Regression of @entity4346 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF therapies have revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Paradoxical treatment with these agents is associated with the development of de novo @entity792 . Less well recognized is the provocation of de novo @entity8787 by these agents. Etanercept is not effective for the treatment of @entity29 and may be more often reported with the development of @entity30 or @entity31 . AIM: This study assessed the association of new onset @entity8787 in @entity1 with receiving etanercept. METHODS: The Brigham and @entity1 's (BWH) @entity1 database and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were searched for cases of @entity8787 reported with etanercept. RESULTS: A total of 443 cases were identified: 5 pts at BWH (3 @entity1050 , 2 UC) and 438 (294 @entity1050 , 144 UC) reported to the FDA. Data which were most complete were pooled from 49 @entity1 . NSAID use was reported in 43  % and combination with @entity1499 in 29  %. Etanercept was discontinued in 34 pts and 19 required treatment with a different anti-TNF agent. Eight @entity1 had resolution of GI symptoms on discontinuation of etanercept. Therapy was continued in three @entity1 in response to @entity3504 therapy. CONCLUSION: Development of @entity8787 should be suspected in @entity1 receiving etanercept who develop GI symptoms. This phenomenon appears more commonly associated with initiation of @entity1050 . The clinical phenotype appears indistinguishable from usual patterns of @entity8787 . Unlike other autoimmune phenomenon associated with anti-TNF therapy, @entity8787 often does not resolve when the agent is discontinued. This tentative association requires further investigation.

title: @entity29 Provoked by Etanercept: Report of 443 Possible Cases Combined from an XXXX Referral Center and the FDA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity8787 :: (MESH:C535541,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF therapies have revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory conditions. Paradoxical treatment with these agents is associated with the development of de novo @entity792 . Less well recognized is the provocation of de novo @entity8787 by these agents. Etanercept is not effective for the treatment of @entity29 and may be more often reported with the development of @entity30 or @entity31 . AIM: This study assessed the association of new onset @entity8787 in @entity1 with receiving etanercept. METHODS: The Brigham and @entity1 's (BWH) @entity1 database and the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System were searched for cases of @entity8787 reported with etanercept. RESULTS: A total of 443 cases were identified: 5 pts at BWH (3 @entity1050 , 2 UC) and 438 (294 @entity1050 , 144 UC) reported to the FDA. Data which were most complete were pooled from 49 @entity1 . NSAID use was reported in 43  % and combination with @entity1499 in 29  %. Etanercept was discontinued in 34 pts and 19 required treatment with a different anti-TNF agent. Eight @entity1 had resolution of GI symptoms on discontinuation of etanercept. Therapy was continued in three @entity1 in response to @entity3504 therapy. CONCLUSION: Development of @entity8787 should be suspected in @entity1 receiving etanercept who develop GI symptoms. This phenomenon appears more commonly associated with initiation of @entity1050 . The clinical phenotype appears indistinguishable from usual patterns of @entity8787 . Unlike other autoimmune phenomenon associated with anti-TNF therapy, @entity8787 often does not resolve when the agent is discontinued. This tentative association requires further investigation.

title: XXXX Provoked by Etanercept: Report of 443 Possible Cases Combined from an @entity8787 Referral Center and the FDA.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Surgical management of @entity3540 limited to the attic and/or mesotympanum remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and the functional results of trans-canal atticotomy in this pathological condition. The records of 27 adult @entity1 treated from 2008 to 2014 who underwent trans-canal atticotomy for primary @entity3540 surgery were reviewed. Pre-operative physical examination, audiometry, and CT-scan have been analyzed. Intraoperative findings have been described as well as the surgical technique. Anatomical and functional results have been evaluated with a mean follow-up of 24      12.2  months, and the results of a CT-scan performed 1  year after surgery were examined to assess the presence of @entity66 . Surgeries were uneventful. During the follow-up, 1 @entity1 (4  %) experienced a retraction of the attical reconstruction; all the other @entity1 had a well-healed tympanic drum with stable attical reconstruction. The mean air-bone gap was 19      12.2 and 10      7.3  dB pre-operatively and post-operatively, respectively (mean      SD, p  =  0.001, paired t test). Twenty-two @entity1 (81  %) had no opacity suggesting residual @entity3540 in CT-scan. Four @entity1 (15  %) presenting an opacity at CT-scan underwent MRI study that was negative for residual @entity3540 . One @entity1 (4  %) had displacement of the ossicular prosthesis. In conclusion, @entity3540 restricted to the attic and/or mesotympanum can be removed in a one-stage technique with no visible residual at 1  year, and with closure of the air-bone gap by 50  %.

title: Management of epi- and mesotympanic XXXX by one-stage trans-canal atticotomy in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatomas', 'cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity3540 :: (MESH:D002781,Disease) :: ['cholesteatomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ) are a hippocampal population activity that has been linked to neuronal representations. We show that @entity2406 in the @entity1251 region of @entity35 hippocampal slices can be triggered by firing of single pyramidal cells. Single action potentials in about a third of pyramidal cells initiated @entity2406 at latencies of 2-5  ms with probabilities of 0.07-0.76. Initiating pyramidal cells evoked field IPSPs (fIPSPs) at similar latencies when @entity2406 were not initiated. Similar spatial profiles for fIPSPs and middle components of @entity2406 , suggested SPW fields reflect repeated fIPSPs. Multiple extracellular records showed initiated @entity2406 tended to start near the stimulated pyramidal cell, while spontaneous @entity2406 could emerge at multiple sites. Single pyramidal cells could initiate 2-6 field IPSPs with distinct amplitude distributions, and typically preceeded by a short-duration, extracellular action potential. Comparison of these initiated fields with spontaneously occurring inhibitory field motifs let us identify firing in different interneurones during the spread of @entity2406 . Propagation away from an initiating pyramidal cell was typically associated with the recruitment of interneurones and field IPSPs that were not activated by the stimulated pyramidal cell. SPW fields initiated by single cells were less variable than spontaneous events, suggesting more stereotyped neuronal ensembles were activated, but neither the spatial profile of fields nor the identities of interneurone firing were identical for initiated events. Single pyramidal cell effects on network events are thus mediated by differing sequences of interneurone firing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Single XXXX pyramidal cells trigger sharp waves in vitro by exciting interneurones.

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['Sharp waves', 'SPWs']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is the reference rewarming technique of accidental deep hypothermic @entity1167 (DHCA). This study was designed to examine the impact of different rewarming blood flow rates and temperature setting of ECLS on @entity75 after DHCA in a porcine model of @entity2332 . METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1707 were cannulated for ECLS, cooled until DHCA occurred and subjected to 30 min of @entity1167 . During the rewarming phase, we compared a low blood flow rate of 1.5 L/min versus a high flow rate of 3.0 L/min as well as two temperature setting rewarming strategies: a temperature during ECLS adjusted to 5  C above the central core temperature versus 38  C maintained throughout the rewarming phase. Cardiac output, hemodynamics and pulmonary function parameters were evaluated. Biological markers of @entity63 /reperfusion injuries were analyzed at baseline and at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: DHCA occurred at 21.2  2  C. There was a trend for better cardiac output in groups with high blood flow (p=0.053), with no interaction between ECLS flow and temperature (p=0.63), a trend toward lower pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (0.075) and a significant decrease in arterial PVR in groups with high blood flow (p=0.013) with no interaction (p=0.47 and 0.60 for PVR and arterial PVR, respectively). Serum @entity22134 , @entity14463 , @entity70860 and neuron-specific enolase were significantly increased between baseline and endpoint. The increase in the serum @entity70860 concentration was higher in the 38  C rewarming temperature groups compared to 5  C above adjusted temperature. There were no other significant differences in biomarkers. CONCLUSION: We developed a porcine model of DHCA treated by ECLS. Our data suggest that cardiac output tended to improve with a high-flow-rate rewarming strategy while a high temperature delta between core temperature and ECLS increased the @entity70860 markers of @entity651 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX treated by extracorporeal life support in a porcine model: does the rewarming method matter?

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['accidental hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Deep hypothermic cardiac arrest']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: @entity75 is the most common @entity16 identified in neonatal foals, but its clinical course has been rarely characterised. OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with non-survival in a population of foals diagnosed with @entity75 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional clinical study. METHODS: Cases were selected from @entity1641 neonatal ( <=14 days of age) admissions between 1996 and 2007. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify clinical parameters, laboratory variables and therapeutic interventions associated with non-survival. RESULTS: A total of 94 foals were included in the study. Median age at admission was 12 h (range 0 to 96 h). The most frequently identified clinical signs included abnormal udder seeking (59%), abnormal suckle (55%), inability to stand (42%), @entity344 (37%), abnormal consciousness (34%), and @entity410 activity (22%). Overall, 75 (79.8%) foals survived to be discharged from the hospital and 19 foals died or were euthanised. Variables significantly associated with non-survival in the multivariable model were serum total @entity460 concentration, serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), recumbency, number of concurrent diseases, and use of vasopressors/inotropes. The model correctly classified 92.0% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival was good and similar to prior reports. Vasopressors/inotropes were the only therapeutic intervention associated with non-survival, suggesting that persistent @entity551 is associated with non-survival in the current population. Foals with concurrent disease, high total @entity460 and low ALP at admission, and that were recumbent or required treatment with vasopressors/inotropes during hospitalisation were significantly less likely to survive.     This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Factors associated with outcome in 94 hospitalised foals diagnosed with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal encephalopathy', 'Neonatal encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['neonatal encephalopathy']


abstract: There is a paucity of published literature on the length of hospital stays (LOS) for @entity1 who leave @entity910 ( @entity910 ) and on the factors that predict their LOS. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between race and the LOS for @entity910 @entity1 after adjusting for @entity1 and hospital characteristics. National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data were used to describe LOS for @entity910 @entity1 aged 18 years or older. @entity1 characteristics included age, sex, race, marital status, insurance, and diagnosis (ICD-9-CM). Hospital characteristics consisted of ownership, region and bed size. LOS was the major outcome measure. Using data from all years 1988-2006, the expected time to @entity910 discharge was first examined as a function of race, then adjusting for year terms, @entity1 and hospital characteristics, and major medical diagnoses and @entity1032 . The unadjusted effect of race on the expected time of leaving @entity910 was about twice the adjusted effect. After controlling for the other covariates, the expected time to @entity910 discharge is 20% shorter for Blacks than Whites. The most significant predictors included age, insurance coverage, @entity1032 , gender, and region. Factors identified in this study offer insights into directions for evidence based- health policy to reduce @entity910 discharges.

title: Racial Differences in Length of Stay for XXXX Who Leave Against Medical Advice from U.S. General Hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['against medical advice', 'AMA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Erosive lichen planus affecting the vulva (ELPV) is a relatively rare, chronic condition causing @entity158 raw areas in the vulvovaginal region. Symptoms are @entity158 and burning, which impact upon daily living. There is paucity of evidence regarding therapy. A 2012 Cochrane systematic review found no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in this field. Topically administered @entity288 are the accepted first-line therapy: however, there is uncertainty as to which second-line treatments to use. Several systemic agents have been clinically noted to show promise for ELPV refractory to topically administered corticosteroids but there is no RCT evidence to support these. The ' @entity20043 ' study is a RCT with an internal pilot phase designed to provide high-quality evidence. METHODS/DESIGN: The objective is to test whether systemic therapy in addition to standard topical therapy is a beneficial second-line treatment for ELPV. Adjunctive systemic therapies used are @entity6383 , @entity1499 , @entity618 and @entity617 . Topical therapy plus a short course of @entity617 given orally is considered the comparator intervention. The trial is a four-armed, open-label, pragmatic RCT which uses a blinded independent clinical assessor. To provide 80  % power for each comparison, 96 @entity1 are required in total. The pilot phase aims to recruit 40 @entity1 . The primary clinical outcome is the proportion of @entity1 achieving treatment success at 6  months. 'Success' is defined by a composite measure of @entity1 Global Assessment score of 0 or 1 on a 4-point scale plus improvement from baseline on clinical photographs scored by a clinician blinded to treatment allocation. Secondary clinical outcomes include 6-month assessment of: (1) Reduction in @entity158 /soreness; (2) Global assessment of disease; (3) Response at other affected mucosal sites; (4) Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale scores; (5) Sexual function; (6) Health-related quality of life using 'Short Form 36' and 'Skindex-29' questionnaires; (7) Days of topical @entity479 use; (8) Treatment satisfaction; (9) Discontinuation of medications due to treatment failure; (10) Per @entity1 cost of intervention in each treatment group. Adverse events will also be reported. DISCUSSION: ' @entity20043 is the first RCT to address second-line treatment of ELPV. The trial has encountered unique methodological challenges and has required collaborative efforts of the UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network alongside expert clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="CURRENT CONTROLLED TRIALS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">ISRCTN 81883379 . Date of registration 12 June 2014.

title: Systemic therapy for vulval Erosive Lichen Planus (the ' XXXX ' trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity20043 :: (2516,Gene) :: ['hELP']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyse the urographic features of @entity2040 and to see the theurapeutic implications of "drooping kidney" appearance for the urologists. Over a period of one year, 1636 @entity1 undergoing intravenous urography (IVU) were analysed to look for urographic features of @entity2040 . A total of 136 @entity1 revealed the classical urographic feature such as ureteric strictures, vesical and ureteric calcification and calculi etc. 131 of these @entity1 were of Egyptian origin. In addition to above mentioned classical features, 8 @entity1 (6%) with @entity14454 revealed "drooping kidney" appearance. In the remaining @entity1 with no evidence of clinical or urographic features of @entity14454 , only one @entity1 (0.07%) showed similar bilateral appearance. Renogram in 6 to 8 @entity1 with "drooping kidney" revealed poorer renal function on the affected side. Ureteroscopy (URS) revealed more florid ureteritis cystica on the side with "drooping kidney" in 6 out of 8 @entity1 compared with the normal side. URS also confirmed the presence of a kink and more difficulty with insertion of J stents. "Drooping kidney" a new urographic feature of @entity14454 may have theurapeutic implications for the urologists and should be looked for on the I.V.U. of @entity1 with @entity14454 .

title: XXXX : urographic features and significance of drooping kidney appearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14454 :: ('MESH:D012553', 'Disease') :: ['urinary schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity14454 :: (MESH:D012553,Disease) :: ['Urinary schistosomiasis']


abstract: Repeat breeders cause great economic loss in dairy herds. This study determined the efficacy of simple aquapuncture therapy (acupuncture combined with injection) to treat repeat breeders in two dairy herds (one in Hsinchu County and the other in Tainan County). Both herds had used @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) beforehand to treat the symptom but the success rate was poor--about 30%. Therefore, @entity291 that failed to respond to @entity1176 were given the aquapuncture treatment. A total of 18 animals (two heifers and 16 @entity291 ) that had failed to conceive to 3-9 services were treated by aquapuncture, in which 10 ml and 5 ml of 50% @entity413 solution were injected at Baihui (Hundred Meetings, the @entity308 in the center of the lumbosacral space) and Shenpeng (Kidney Shelf, the @entity308 in the space between the lumbar vertebral transverse processes 5-6) acupoints, respectively with a 21G, 1.5-inch hypodermic needle. Both acupoints belong to the traditional acupuncture points of @entity291 and @entity1641 systems. Most animals showed heat within 14 days after aquapuncture and were inseminated artificially. Serum @entity1420 concentrations and rectal palpation were used for pregnancy diagnosis. The pregnancy rate after the treatment was 14/18 (77.7%) and 12/18 (66.6%) based on @entity1420 concentration and rectal palpation respectively, suggesting acupuncture as a simple and effective method to treat repeat breeders in dairy herds. However, the final result obtained from actual delivery of fetus in the experimental animals was only 8/18 (44.4%).

title: Aquapuncture therapy of repeat breeding in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In light of evidence that hydrosalpinges compromise the chance of success of @entity52 ( @entity52 ), the aim of this study was to analyse the results of @entity52 treatment at our clinic in relation to the cause for @entity249 and to make inferences concerning the impact of mild @entity66 on @entity52 outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary fertility clinic in New Zealand. POPULATION: Nine hundred and six consecutive cycles among 639 couples receiving @entity52 treatment in the six-year period 1995-2000 inclusive. METHODS: Data extraction from the clinic database. RESULTS: The clinical pregnancy rate of 17.5% per ovarian stimulation cycle and 23.9% per embryo transfer for the cycles of couples with @entity66 as the only cause for @entity249 was not significantly different from the clinical pregnancy rate of 15.4% per ovarian stimulation cycle and 24.1% per embryo transfer for all other couples undergoing @entity52 . In the cycles of @entity1 with @entity66 , the clinical pregnancy rate of 6.6% per ovarian stimulation cycle where other causes for @entity249 were also present, was significantly lower than the clinical pregnancy rate of 17.5% where tubal factor alone was present. In the cycles of couples with multiple causes for @entity249 , where the overall pregnancy rate was 10.9% per ovarian stimulation cycle, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between those whose multiple causes included @entity66 (6.6% per ovarian stimulation cycle) and those whose multiple causes did not include @entity66 (17.5% per ovarian stimulation cycle). CONCLUSION: The overall population of @entity1 with @entity66 as the sole cause for @entity249 (including @entity1 with hydrosalpinges and those with @entity66 ) does not have an overall reduced likelihood of success at @entity52 . This suggests that @entity66 does not compromise the chance of success from @entity52 . Surgical treatment prior to @entity52 for the milder forms of @entity66 is not warranted.

title: XXXX and tubal pathology--not all bad news.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilisation']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tubal disease', 'non-hydrosalpinx tubal disease']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the standard @entity1759 adhesion molecule expression in predicting progression of high risk superficial @entity150 in the short term. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 (51 males and 15 females, aged 27 to 89 years (mean 64.75 years) with primary superficial transitional cell @entity150 initially treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) were enrolled in the study. Only pTa/pT1 grade 2 @entity5 as well as all grade 3 @entity5 were included in this study. All @entity5 samples obtained after the resection were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of the @entity1759 standard molecule. Fifty eight @entity1 remained during the follow up period which ranged from 3 to 36 months (mean 11.8 months). @entity5 progression in the short term was considered as the critical end point of interest in this study. The prognostic significance of @entity5 stage, grade, presence of @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) and expression of @entity1759 in determining the risk for progression, was studied with both univariate (log rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards) methods of analysis. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a shorter median progression-free survival is expected for those @entity1 with G3 @entity150 (p = 0.0055), concomitant @entity2735 (p = 0.0051), and loss of expression of @entity1759 (p = 0.0015), whereas a similar association with stage was not detected (p = 0.5793). The cox regression multivariate analysis did not yield a significant result for any of the studied parameters therefore no one of the factors taken into account can serve as an independent predictor of progression in superficial @entity150 in the short term. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemically detectable loss of the expression of @entity1759 standard form from superficial @entity150 samples may be, complementary to the established prognostic factors, a useful predictor of @entity5 progression in the short term.

title: XXXX standard form expression as a predictor of progression in high risk superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma-in-situ', 'CIS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the standard @entity1759 adhesion molecule expression in predicting progression of high risk superficial @entity150 in the short term. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 (51 males and 15 females, aged 27 to 89 years (mean 64.75 years) with primary superficial transitional cell @entity150 initially treated with transurethral resection (TURBT) were enrolled in the study. Only pTa/pT1 grade 2 @entity5 as well as all grade 3 @entity5 were included in this study. All @entity5 samples obtained after the resection were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of the @entity1759 standard molecule. Fifty eight @entity1 remained during the follow up period which ranged from 3 to 36 months (mean 11.8 months). @entity5 progression in the short term was considered as the critical end point of interest in this study. The prognostic significance of @entity5 stage, grade, presence of @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) and expression of @entity1759 in determining the risk for progression, was studied with both univariate (log rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards) methods of analysis. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a shorter median progression-free survival is expected for those @entity1 with G3 @entity150 (p = 0.0055), concomitant @entity2735 (p = 0.0051), and loss of expression of @entity1759 (p = 0.0015), whereas a similar association with stage was not detected (p = 0.5793). The cox regression multivariate analysis did not yield a significant result for any of the studied parameters therefore no one of the factors taken into account can serve as an independent predictor of progression in superficial @entity150 in the short term. CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemically detectable loss of the expression of @entity1759 standard form from superficial @entity150 samples may be, complementary to the established prognostic factors, a useful predictor of @entity5 progression in the short term.

title: @entity1759 standard form expression as a predictor of progression in high risk superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: @entity882 are a heterogeneous group of extremely rare diseases characterized by a reduced number of blood platelets and by bleeding tendency of variable severity. Some of these diseases are exclusive to platelets, while in others the pathology extends to other cell types. Although rare, @entity882 should be considered in the diagnosis. @entity882 have been classified into three groups depending on platelet volume. @entity882 with giant platelets form one of these groups. About fourteen clinical entities of @entity74 have been described. @entity3742 , grey @entity1423 and @entity16611 are the most @entity70861 . @entity16611 is condition characterized by the triad of @entity882 , giant platelets, and pale-blue inclusions in leukocytes. @entity16611 has an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. We described clinical and laboratory features of three adult @entity1 from one family with recently diagnosed @entity16611 . Described cases are probably the first observed cases of @entity16611 in the Czech lands.

title: [ XXXX . Differential diagnosis of a case].

entities_list: @entity70861 :: ('MESH:C564237', 'Disease') :: ['common giant platelet thrombocytopenias']

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary thrombocytopenias', 'hereditary thrombocytopenias', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16611 :: ('MESH:C535507', 'Disease') :: ['May-Hegglin anomaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited giant platelet disorders']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Hereditary thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the Health Behaviour in School-Aged @entity1 (HBSC) survey, the frequency of consumption of a limited number of food items--focusing on fibre, @entity460 and less healthy items--is queried using a 15-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The present study was conducted to assess the reliability and relative validity of the HBSC FFQ among school pupils in Belgium. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: To assess the reliability of the FFQ, 207 pupils aged 11-12 years and 560 pupils aged 13-14 years completed the questionnaire twice, with a test-retest interval of 6 to 15 days. To assess the relative validity of the FFQ, in a first study data were collected as part of the Flemish HBSC 2000 survey: 7072 pupils (11-18 years) completed the FFQ and a 24-hour food behaviour checklist (FBC). In a second study, 101 pupils (11-12 years) completed the FFQ and a 7-day @entity6766 ( @entity6766 ). RESULTS: Reliability--weighted kappa values between test and retest ranged from 0.43 to 0.70, percentage agreement from 37 to 87%, and Spearman correlations from 0.52 to 0.82. Relative validity--comparison of the FBC with the percentage of respondents who should have consumed the food items on a random day, computed from the FFQ, showed good agreement between the FFQ and the FBC for most items. Only for cereals, diet soft drinks and other milk products were considerably higher food frequencies than expected found from the FBC. Comparison of the FFQ with the @entity6766 showed overestimation for all but three food items (cheese, soft drinks and chips). Spearman correlations ranged between 0.10 for crisps and 0.65 for semi-skimmed milk. CONCLUSION: The HBSC FFQ is a reliable questionnaire that can be used for ranking subjects for most food items, although one must consider the overestimation when the FFQ is used for estimating prevalences.

title: A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged XXXX food-frequency questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify food sources of fat, to compare food and nutrient intakes at different levels of relative fat intake, and to examine the contribution of different food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. Relative fat intake was expressed as energy contributed by fat in percentage of non- @entity167 energy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Malm   Diet and @entity5 STUDY: An interview-based diet history method, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain data. Analysis of variance compared food and nutrient intakes across quintiles of relative fat intake. Stepwise regression examined the contribution of food groups to the variation in relative fat intake. SETTING: Baseline examinations were conducted between 1991 and 1996 in the city of Malm  , southern Sweden. SUBJECTS: A sub-sample of 7055 @entity1 and 3240 @entity1 of the Malm   Diet and @entity5 cohort. RESULTS: The major fat sources were dairy products, margarines, meat _ meat products, and cakes _ buns. Most plant foods, especially fruit, vegetables and breakfast cereals, were negatively associated with fat intake. Low fat consumers had significantly higher intakes of dietary fibre, @entity620 , @entity2066 , @entity1501 , @entity68 , @entity219 and @entity460 . Intakes of all types of @entity1718 and fat-soluble vitamins were positively associated with fat consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that many food groups and nutrients may confound the associations between relative fat @entity66 . Plant foods, especially, are important to consider in studies of fat @entity66 risk.

title: Dietary fat intake--food sources and dietary correlates in the Malm   Diet and XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intake and disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Metals are major pollutants not only in occupational settings but also in the general environment. Chronic exposure of workers has been related to severe damage, especially at the renal level. While toxic compounds such as metals are well known to severely impair tubular functions, it is clear that nephrotoxicants can act on various other renal targets, i.e., vascular and glomerular ones. In vitro models are available to assess these @entity137 and can be used to better understand the different cell targets. This paper summarizes data obtained in our laboratory after exposure of isolated renal structures such as glomeruli, and cell cultures such as glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells, to @entity3409 and @entity595 . Morphometric studies by image analysis of isolated glomeruli and mesangial cultured cells showed that @entity3409 and @entity595 induced a dose- and time-dependent glomerular contraction accompanied by disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Classical viability tests demonstrated various factors influencing the metal @entity137 . The important roles of pH, extracellular protein concentrations and the nature of the anion accompanying the metal were demonstrated. These data obtained in in vitro models provide better understanding of the @entity137 after metal uptake and accumulation in glomerular and tubular cells. Moreover, the @entity8 they induce may be correlated with severe renal hemodynamic changes in vivo. Finally, we briefly present eventual improvements for in vitro renal models by the use of new cell models such as immortalized @entity1 cell lines or by the introduction of porous supports and perifusion devices.

title: Effects of @entity3409 and XXXX on some in vitro renal targets.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular and tubular cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['uranium']

answer: @entity595 :: (MESH:D014501,Chemical) :: ['uranium']


abstract: Metals are major pollutants not only in occupational settings but also in the general environment. Chronic exposure of workers has been related to severe damage, especially at the renal level. While toxic compounds such as metals are well known to severely impair tubular functions, it is clear that nephrotoxicants can act on various other renal targets, i.e., vascular and glomerular ones. In vitro models are available to assess these @entity137 and can be used to better understand the different cell targets. This paper summarizes data obtained in our laboratory after exposure of isolated renal structures such as glomeruli, and cell cultures such as glomerular mesangial and tubular epithelial cells, to @entity3409 and @entity595 . Morphometric studies by image analysis of isolated glomeruli and mesangial cultured cells showed that @entity3409 and @entity595 induced a dose- and time-dependent glomerular contraction accompanied by disorganization of the cytoskeleton. Classical viability tests demonstrated various factors influencing the metal @entity137 . The important roles of pH, extracellular protein concentrations and the nature of the anion accompanying the metal were demonstrated. These data obtained in in vitro models provide better understanding of the @entity137 after metal uptake and accumulation in glomerular and tubular cells. Moreover, the @entity8 they induce may be correlated with severe renal hemodynamic changes in vivo. Finally, we briefly present eventual improvements for in vitro renal models by the use of new cell models such as immortalized @entity1 cell lines or by the introduction of porous supports and perifusion devices.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity595 on some in vitro renal targets.

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: This paper is the fourth in a series dealing with reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C and the certification of reference preparations. Other parts deal with: Part 1. The Concept of Reference Procedures for the Measurement of Catalytic Activity Concentrations of Enzymes; Part 2. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of @entity908 Kinase; Part 3. Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Lactate Dehydrogenase; @entity22058 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Aspartate Aminotransferase; @entity23397 . Reference Procedure for the Measurement of Catalytic Concentration of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase; @entity62653 . Certification of Four Reference Materials for the Determination of Enzymatic Activity of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, @entity493 Aminotransferase and @entity908 Kinase at 37 degrees C. A document describing the determination of preliminary upper reference limits is also in preparation. The procedure described here is deduced from the previously described 30 degrees C IFCC reference method. Differences are tabulated and commented on in Appendix 2.

title: IFCC primary reference procedures for the measurement of catalytic activity concentrations of enzymes at 37 degrees C. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part 4. Reference procedure for the measurement of catalytic concentration of XXXX aminotransferase.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['Alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: Submandibular secretory responses to electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation at variable frequencies were measured in anaesthetized @entity35 . Selective blockade by @entity4140 and by @entity10258 occurred at doses (50 and of 300 nmol kg (-1), i.v., respectively) that did not inhibit the responses to exogenous @entity934 . In the presence of @entity10258 , the nerve-evoked fluid responses were increased by 100% at 1 Hz independently of the total number of impulses (10-300), suggesting that M2 receptor activation inhibits transmitter release. The magnitude of the increase was inversely related to frequency of stimulation. The protein concentrations in the fluid responses were not significantly affected by @entity10258 . @entity4140 had an inhibitory effect on the fluid secretory responses, which was dependent of frequency, as well as of number of impulses, suggesting that M1 receptor activation facilitates transmitter release. At 10 Hz given intermittently (for 1 s at 10-s intervals), @entity4140 reduced the fluid response by 25%. The protein release was substantially and significantly reduced by @entity4140 independent of frequency but only during long periods of stimulation (300 impulses). It is concluded that muscarinic M1 receptor activation normally has a facilitatory effect on transmitter release, and that the facilitation occurs during short, intense stimulation. Muscarinic M1 receptors are, however, likely to regulate protein secretion by other mechanisms. Muscarinic M2 receptors, on the other hand, normally inhibit cholinergic transmission at low frequencies. Similar to findings in the alimentary tract of several species, stimulation in bursts at high frequencies is a more efficient stimulation pattern than continuous low frequency stimulation. This pattern of stimulation thus takes advantage of transient facilitation and avoids the inhibition at less intense neuronal activity.

title: Presynaptic muscarinic receptor mechanisms and submandibular responses to stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation in bursts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To correlate the position and orientation of different models of MLCu IUDs in utero with incidence of side effects, 35 married, nonlactating, and sexually active @entity1 , 18-24 years of age and with regular menstrual periods were studied. All had been pregnant at least once and had had at least 3 menstrual periods after the last delivery or 2 periods after the last abortion. A physical and gynecological examination was performed. The @entity1 were divided into 4 groups: 30 @entity1 (3 groups of 10 @entity1 ) were fitted with standard MLCu 250, short MLCu 250, and MLCu 375 IUDs. The 4th group consisted of 5 @entity1 in whom MLCu 250 mini was inserted. Menstrual @entity190 collected in @entity2708 pads of constant weight provided by the investigator. The @entity1 were carefully instructed on how to collect their menstrual blood, and @entity691 bags were supplied to them. Menstrual @entity190 was calculated. Follow-up visits were planned at monthly intervals, and questions about side effects were asked. In 30 @entity1 hysterography was done twice. Initially, it was performed following the 1st postinsertion menstruation. A 2nd hysterogram was performed following the 3rd postinsertion menstruation. The IUD was properly oriented in utero in 20 cases (67%). These were fitted with short MLCu 250 (8 cases), MLCu 375 (6 cases), Standard MLCu 250 (4 cases), and mini MLCu 250 (2 cases). The other 2 @entity1 had small uterine cavities fitted with mini devices. Device displacement was noted in 10 cases among those fitted with MLCu 250, Standard (2 cases), MLCu 250 mini (3 cases), MLCu 375 (2 cases). Subjective increased menstrual @entity190 was reported in 11 cases. There was no significant difference between pre- and postinsertion menstrual @entity190 . @entity1867 was reported in 3 cases, 1 fitted with a short MLCu 250 and 2 cases fitted with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was properly oriented in 2 cases with a large uterus. 5 cases had a moderate degree of @entity1834 , 1 case fitted with short MLCu 250, 3 cases with standard MLCu 250, and 1 case with MLCu 375. Hysterographically the device was displaced in utero in 2 cases, and most of the cases had a large size uterus. All these @entity1 experienced no @entity1834 prior to IUD insertion. Moderate deep seated @entity2371 and low abdominal cramps were experienced in 3 cases, a case in each group of those fitted with different models of MLCu 250. @entity158 was not reported in @entity1 fitted with MLCu 375.

title: Hysterographic orientation of IUDs in relation to menstrual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['Intermenstrual bleeding']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']