abstract: The homeotic gene Sex combs reduced (Scr) of @entity238 is expressed in the labial and prothoracic segments of the ectoderm, in parasegments two and three of the CNS, and in the visceral mesoderm of the anterior and posterior midgut. The mutationally defined function of Scr is to specify the identity of the labial and prothoracic segments and to control the development of the gastric caeca. The Scr locus occupies a chromosomal region of approximately 80 kb within the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). To understand how Scr's spatiotemporal expression pattern is generated in the embryo, we have mapped its transcriptional regulatory elements using three approaches. First, we examined the expression pattern of Scr in embryos containing chromosomal rearrangements that remove potential Scr regulatory elements. Second, we made and analyzed a set of Scr minigene transformants. Third, we analyzed a set of Scr-lacZ @entity14782 tester constructs. Using more sensitive anti-SCR antisera, we discovered that Scr is expressed in tissues that were not previously thought to accumulate SCR: a stripe of ectodermal cells in the parasegment 2 region of stage 5 embryos, the embryonic salivary glands, and the dorsal ridge. Four DNA fragments that had previously been shown in an analysis of Scr-lacZ reporter constructs to contain putative Scr @entity14782 elements were found to have functional enhancers; similarly, another Scr fragment was found to contain a functional repressor. Our results suggest that regulation of Scr in the labial segment and the CNS requires the apparently synergistic action of multiple, widely spaced @entity14782 elements. Regulation in the prothorax also appears to be controlled by multiple enhancers:one complete pattern element and one subpattern element. In contrast, Scr regulation in the visceral mesoderm is controlled by an @entity14782 (s) located in only one DNA fragment.

title: Genetic analysis of embryonic cis-acting regulatory elements of the XXXX homeotic gene sex combs reduced.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Sixteen cases of @entity703 treated at our Department between July, 1971 and June, 1984, were reviewed. The sixth decade predominated over other age groups and occupied 47.3% of all cases (average: 63.9 years). The sex ratio was 4.3:1 with @entity3930 @entity1 predominating over female @entity1 . The incidence of the affected side was equal; 8 cases in the right and 8 cases in the left renal pelvis. The most common initial symptom was macroscopic @entity811 in 13 cases (81.2%), followed by @entity812 in 2 cases (12.5%). The major findings in IVP were filling defect in 11 cases (68.7%) and non-visualizing kidney in 4 cases (25.0%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 6 cases (49.1%) by voided urine specimen and 4 cases (50.0%) by catheterized urine specimen. Histologically, all cases were @entity1606 ; 11 of them were low stage and 5 were high stage at the initial diagnosis. Nine @entity1 (56.1%) were treated by total nephroureterectomy associated with partial cystectomy. The over all survival rate at 1,2,3,4 and 5 years was 86%, 78%, 78%, 68% and 68%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. The five year survival rate was 80% for the low stage group and 0% for the high stage group. (p less than 0.05, generalized Wilcoxon test). The five year survival rate was 83% for the low grade group and 40% for the high grade group. (p less than 0.05, Generalized Wilcoxon test) Among several factors, stage and grade of the @entity5 were the most influencing factors for prognosis.

title: [A clinical study on primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['primary renal pelvic tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social and role functioning are compromised for the majority of individuals at ultra-high risk of @entity716 , and it is important to identify factors that contribute to this functional decline. This study aimed to investigate social cognitive abilities, which have previously been linked to functioning in @entity161 , as potential factors that impact social, role and global functioning in ultra-high risk @entity1 . METHOD: A total of 30 ultra-high risk @entity1 were recruited from an established at-risk clinical service in Melbourne, Australia, and completed a battery of social cognitive, neurocognitive, clinical and functioning measures. We examined the relationships between all four core domains of social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind, social perception and attributional style), neurocognitive, clinical and demographic variables with three measures of functioning (the Global Functioning Social and Role scales and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) using correlational and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Performance on a visual theory of mind task ( @entity227 ) was significantly correlated with both concurrent role (r   =   0.425, p   =   0.019) and global functioning (r   =   0.540, p   =   0.002). In multivariate analyses, it also accounted for unique variance in global, but not role functioning after adjusting for negative symptoms and stress. Social functioning was not associated with performance on any of the social cognition tasks. CONCLUSION: Among specific social cognitive abilities, only a test of theory of mind was associated with functioning in our ultra-high risk sample. Further longitudinal research is needed to examine the impact of social @entity73 on long-term functional outcome in the ultra-high risk group. Identifying social cognitive abilities that significantly impact functioning is important to inform the development of targeted intervention programmes for ultra-high risk individuals.

title: Examining the association between social cognition and functioning in individuals at ultra-high risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual jokes task']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study examined how changes in wildland firefighters' mood relate to cytokine and @entity701 levels in response to simulated physical firefighting work and sleep restriction. Firefighters completed 3  days of simulated wildfire suppression work separated by an 8-h (control condition; n  =  18) or 4-h sleep opportunity (sleep restriction condition; n  =  17) each night. Firefighters' mood was assessed daily using the Mood Scale II and Samn-Perelli fatigue scale. @entity1 also provided samples for the determination of salivary @entity701 and pro- ( @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity1356 , @entity310 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity3646 , @entity688 ) cytokine levels. An increase in the positive mood dimension Happiness was related to a rise in @entity687 and @entity310 in the sleep restriction condition. A rise in the positive mood dimension Activation among sleep restricted firefighters was also related to higher @entity650 levels. An increase in the negative mood dimension Fatigue in the sleep restriction condition was associated with increased @entity650 , @entity310 , @entity688 and @entity701 levels. In addition, an increase in Fear among sleep restricted firefighters was associated with a rise in @entity310 . Elevated positive mood and immune activation may reflect an appropriate response by the firefighters to these stressors. To further understand this relationship, subsequent firefighting-based research is needed that investigates whether immune changes are a function of affective arousal linked to the expression of positive moods. Positive associations between negative mood and inflammatory and @entity701 levels to physical work and restricted sleep provide useful information to fire agencies about subjective fire-ground indicators of physiological changes.

title: Acute Psychophysiological Relationships Between Mood, Inflammatory and XXXX Changes in Response to Simulated Physical Firefighting Work and Sleep Restriction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Cortisol']


abstract: We found that @entity10766 ( @entity22818 ), a P-site specific adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the growth of K562 cells and caused them to become @entity16748 positive. The continuous exposure of cells to @entity22818 was needed to recruit cells for growth inhibition and differentiation. Fetal @entity291 or @entity1 sera were also necessary for @entity22818 to induce differentiation. @entity22818 at a concentration of 1.5 mM with serum induced 98% of the cells to produce hemoglobin and inhibited their growth to 15% of that of the control. An increase of @entity6618 mRNA and a decrease of @entity517 and @entity13327 mRNA occurred only during differentiation in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS). An incubation with @entity22818 and interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) or hemin synergistically induced more benzidine-positive cells than in the presence of @entity22818 alone, although @entity3027 did not trigger differentiation by itself. The erythroid differentiation and growth inhibition were, however, not related to a decreased intracellular @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) concentration induced by @entity22818 . The simultaneous incubation with @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) and @entity22818 enhanced the effects of @entity22818 . @entity5536 , a possible metabolite of @entity22818 digestion by purine @entity2353 phosphorylase (PNP), also induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. However, it did not act synergistically with @entity3027 .

title: Erythroid differentiation and growth inhibition of K562 cells by XXXX : synergism with interferon-alpha.

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dbc-AMP', 'dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity10766 :: ('MESH:C021008', 'Chemical') :: ["2',5'-dideoxyadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity10766 :: (MESH:C021008,Chemical) :: ['2',5'-dideoxyadenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify @entity1 and hospital features associated with early glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy for non-ST-elevation (NSTE) @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to relate this treatment to in-hospital outcomes. BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have improved outcomes in randomized trials of @entity583 , leading national treatment guidelines to recommend their use. Their actual use, safety, and effectiveness have not been well characterized beyond trial populations. METHODS: We studied 60,770 @entity1 with @entity583 treated between July 2000 and July 2001 at 1,189 hospitals in a U.S. registry. Using logistic regression, we identified @entity1 and hospital features associated with @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition within 24 h after presentation. We also compared outcomes by early treatment versus no treatment after adjusting for @entity1 and hospital characteristics and treatment propensity. RESULTS: Only 25% of eligible @entity1 received early @entity1427 /IIIa therapy. Elderly @entity1 , @entity1 , minority @entity1 , and those without private insurance received such therapy less often than their counterparts. Treated @entity1 had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 9.6%, p < 0.0001) remaining significantly lower after adjustment for @entity1 risk, treatment propensity, and hospital characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.97). Hospitals that adopted early @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition more rapidly also had lower adjusted mortality rates than those slower to adopt such therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy appears to be underused in early management of @entity583 @entity1 . Because this therapy is associated with better outcomes, it represents a target for quality improvement.

title: Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-elevation acute @entity583 : observations from the National Registry of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTE MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction 4']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify @entity1 and hospital features associated with early glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy for non-ST-elevation (NSTE) @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to relate this treatment to in-hospital outcomes. BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have improved outcomes in randomized trials of @entity583 , leading national treatment guidelines to recommend their use. Their actual use, safety, and effectiveness have not been well characterized beyond trial populations. METHODS: We studied 60,770 @entity1 with @entity583 treated between July 2000 and July 2001 at 1,189 hospitals in a U.S. registry. Using logistic regression, we identified @entity1 and hospital features associated with @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition within 24 h after presentation. We also compared outcomes by early treatment versus no treatment after adjusting for @entity1 and hospital characteristics and treatment propensity. RESULTS: Only 25% of eligible @entity1 received early @entity1427 /IIIa therapy. Elderly @entity1 , @entity1 , minority @entity1 , and those without private insurance received such therapy less often than their counterparts. Treated @entity1 had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 9.6%, p < 0.0001) remaining significantly lower after adjustment for @entity1 risk, treatment propensity, and hospital characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.97). Hospitals that adopted early @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition more rapidly also had lower adjusted mortality rates than those slower to adopt such therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy appears to be underused in early management of @entity583 @entity1 . Because this therapy is associated with better outcomes, it represents a target for quality improvement.

title: Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-elevation acute XXXX : observations from the National Registry of @entity583 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought evidence of a change in the prevalence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) over a 30-year period among residents of Rochester, Minnesota. BACKGROUND: @entity955 is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, but there is limited data on secular trends of @entity955 over time. METHODS: Within a longitudinal case-control study of @entity385 , the prevalence of @entity955 and of selected comorbid conditions among incident @entity64 cases and age- and gender-matched controls between 1960 and 1989 was determined. RESULTS: The mean age +/- standard deviation for the 1,871 @entity64 cases (45% @entity1 ) and matched controls was 75 +/- 11 years. For cases, age-adjusted estimates of @entity955 prevalence for 1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, and 1980 to 1989 were 11%, 13%, and 16%, respectively, for @entity1 , and 13%, 16%, and 20% for @entity1 . For controls, the rates were 5%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, for @entity1 , and 4%, 6%, and 8% for @entity1 . Increasing @entity955 prevalence was associated with increasing age (doubling of odds per decade of age in both cases and controls) and calendar time adjusted for age and gender (cases: odds ratio [OR] per 5 years 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.22; controls: OR per 5 years 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37). The rates of increase with calendar time were significant for cases (p = 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001) and comparable between the genders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity955 increased significantly in @entity385 @entity1 and their controls from 1960 to 1989 in Rochester, Minnesota, independent of age and gender. The rate of increase did not differ significantly between @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: The prevalence of @entity955 in incident XXXX cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought evidence of a change in the prevalence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) over a 30-year period among residents of Rochester, Minnesota. BACKGROUND: @entity955 is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, but there is limited data on secular trends of @entity955 over time. METHODS: Within a longitudinal case-control study of @entity385 , the prevalence of @entity955 and of selected comorbid conditions among incident @entity64 cases and age- and gender-matched controls between 1960 and 1989 was determined. RESULTS: The mean age +/- standard deviation for the 1,871 @entity64 cases (45% @entity1 ) and matched controls was 75 +/- 11 years. For cases, age-adjusted estimates of @entity955 prevalence for 1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, and 1980 to 1989 were 11%, 13%, and 16%, respectively, for @entity1 , and 13%, 16%, and 20% for @entity1 . For controls, the rates were 5%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, for @entity1 , and 4%, 6%, and 8% for @entity1 . Increasing @entity955 prevalence was associated with increasing age (doubling of odds per decade of age in both cases and controls) and calendar time adjusted for age and gender (cases: odds ratio [OR] per 5 years 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.22; controls: OR per 5 years 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37). The rates of increase with calendar time were significant for cases (p = 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001) and comparable between the genders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity955 increased significantly in @entity385 @entity1 and their controls from 1960 to 1989 in Rochester, Minnesota, independent of age and gender. The rate of increase did not differ significantly between @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX in incident @entity64 cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk for @entity7396 in twin pregnancies. METHODS: We investigated 50 sets of twins (24-38 weeks' gestation, 660-3200 g birth weight) admitted consecutively to our neonatal intensive care unit. Seventy-six @entity1 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA; tenth to 90th percentile), 20 were small for gestational age (SGA; below the tenth percentile), and four were large for gestational age (above the 90th percentile). Twenty-six singleton AGA term newborns served as controls. Umbilical arterial pH was used as a marker for acute and umbilical venous @entity1307 concentration for chronic @entity7396 . The results are given as median followed by quartiles. RESULTS: We identified 40 sets of diamniotic-dichorionic twins and ten sets of diamniotic-monochorionic twins with transplacental vascular shunts. In the second-born twin, umbilical arterial pH was lower (7.29, 7.23-7.33) than in the firstborn (7.31, 7.25-7.34) (P = .03), and the incidence of a low pH (less than 7.20) was higher (19 versus 11%). Two second-born twins and none of the firstborn twins had an umbilical arterial pH less than 7.05. In SGA twins, the @entity1307 concentration was elevated (34.8, 22.8-325 mU/mL) compared with that in AGA twins (16.2, 8.2-26.6 mU/mL) (P < .01). In AGA twins, @entity1307 concentration did not differ from that in AGA singleton newborns (19.6, 14.7-31.6 mU/mL). In 12 of 17 twin sets with weight discordancy greater than 15% and in all five twin sets with weight difference greater than 25%, @entity1307 concentration was higher in the smaller twin. The proportion of @entity1 and of complete sets with elevated @entity1307 levels was higher (P < .01) in monochorionic than in dichorionic pregnancies. CONCLUSION: The second-born twin is at increased risk for acute @entity600 . @entity1592 in twin pregnancies is associated with chronic @entity7396 . Monochorionic twins are at higher risk for chronic @entity7396 than are dichorionic twins.

title: Acute and chronic XXXX in monochorionic and dichorionic twins.

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic fetal hypoxia', 'fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal growth restriction']

answer: @entity7396 :: (MESH:D005311,Disease) :: ['fetal hypoxia']


abstract: In order to gain insights into the immune response in @entity7289 during @entity281 , laboratory-reared @entity291 were infected with 1000 Onchocerca lienalis infective larvae and examined serologically over a period of 508 days. Levels of serum antibodies measured by ELISA against adult worm extract revealed a multiphasic response, characterized by a broadly similar profile of peaks in individual animals arising at 15-30, 79 and > 266 days after @entity281 . Timings of these changes in responsiveness closely mirrored parasite development, coinciding with larval moults and with the onset of a patent @entity281 . The levels of individual antibody isotypes directed against parasite antigens was strongly skewed. The dominant response was of IgG1, although limited reactivities were also found for IgG2 and IgM: No parasite-specific IgA antibodies were detected. Immunoblots of adult worms extracts revealed a pattern of antigen recognition over time that matched the results obtained by ELISA. Again, the IgG1 response was strongest, although certain IgG2 and IgM specificities were well represented. In general, there was a steady increase in the number of individual antigens recognized as the @entity281 progressed, with a striking expansion of antibody specificities from day 79 following the fourth larval moult. Antibodies to a 16kDa component were a prominent feature of the response following development of a patent @entity281 . These data reveal the strong influence of parasite biology on the development of the immune response in @entity7289 .

title: Temporal changes in the humoral immune response of XXXX during experimental infections with Onchocerca lienalis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of hearing complaints to @entity25 and sleep in a group of elderly @entity1 and @entity1 . A questionnaire survey was undertaken among 10,216 elderly subjects in northern Sweden. The mean (+/- S.D.) ages of the @entity1 and @entity1 were 73.0 +/- 6.0 and 72.6 +/- 6.7 years, respectively. Poor hearing was reported by 43.1% of the @entity1 and 22.8% of the @entity1 . The relative numbers with hearing complaints increased with age. @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was reported by 32.9% of the @entity1 and 23.2% of the @entity1 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis significant independent correlates of @entity25 in @entity1 were: hearing, good versus poor (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.8), health, good versus poor (3.3; 2.6-4.4), sleep, good versus poor (2.1; 1.6-2.8) and age, > or =80 years versus < 70 years (1.5; 1.1-2.1). The corresponding correlates in @entity1 were: hearing (1.4; 1.1-1.8), health (4.3; 3.4-5.4), sleep (2.2; 1.6-2.8) and age (1.6; 1.3-2.2). Thus, poor hearing was associated with increased @entity25 independently of health, sleep status and age. Also subjects with hearing complaints more often slept poorly, woke up more often and had more difficulty in falling asleep after waking.

title: XXXX and sleep in elderly subjects with hearing complaints.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Daytime sleepiness', 'DS']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Sleepiness']


abstract: Surgery and radiation therapy have been used to treat @entity1721 . However, treatment outcomes have not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to compare surgery and radiation therapy for clinical T1 @entity1721 . A total of 67 clinical T1 @entity1721 @entity1 were treated between January 1997 and December 2005; 29 had undergone radical esophagectomy (surgery group) and 38 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (radiation group). The mean @entity1 age was lower in the surgery group than in the radiation group. In surgery group, @entity1576 , @entity834 , recurrent @entity129 , and @entity850 occurred in 7, 8, 6, and 5 @entity1 , respectively. In radiation group, @entity1210 , @entity2910 , @entity2396 were observed in 15, 3, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate for the surgery group was 68.9%, and 74.3% for the radiation group. There were no significant difference between groups (P= 0.3780). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group was 61.8% and 38.8% in the radiation group. The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiation group (P= 0.0051). The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for @entity5 invaded into but not through the muscularis mucosa were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively, in the surgery group and 78.8% and 33.3%, respectively, in the radiation group. There were no significant differences. The 5-year overall survival rates for @entity1 with @entity5 that invaded the submucosal layer was 64.9% in the surgery group and 66.5% in the radiation group. This difference was not significant (P= 0.8712). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group (56.0%) was significantly higher than that in the radiation group (41.8%; P= 0.0219). In conclusion, surgery may become a standard treatment for @entity7487 esophageal cancer that can offer longer relapse-free survival, particularly for @entity1 with @entity5 that invade the submucosa.

title: A comparison of surgery and radiation therapy for XXXX @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity7487 :: (1489,Gene) :: ['cT1']


abstract: Surgery and radiation therapy have been used to treat @entity1721 . However, treatment outcomes have not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to compare surgery and radiation therapy for clinical T1 @entity1721 . A total of 67 clinical T1 @entity1721 @entity1 were treated between January 1997 and December 2005; 29 had undergone radical esophagectomy (surgery group) and 38 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (radiation group). The mean @entity1 age was lower in the surgery group than in the radiation group. In surgery group, @entity1576 , @entity834 , recurrent @entity129 , and @entity850 occurred in 7, 8, 6, and 5 @entity1 , respectively. In radiation group, @entity1210 , @entity2910 , @entity2396 were observed in 15, 3, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate for the surgery group was 68.9%, and 74.3% for the radiation group. There were no significant difference between groups (P= 0.3780). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group was 61.8% and 38.8% in the radiation group. The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiation group (P= 0.0051). The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for @entity5 invaded into but not through the muscularis mucosa were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively, in the surgery group and 78.8% and 33.3%, respectively, in the radiation group. There were no significant differences. The 5-year overall survival rates for @entity1 with @entity5 that invaded the submucosal layer was 64.9% in the surgery group and 66.5% in the radiation group. This difference was not significant (P= 0.8712). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group (56.0%) was significantly higher than that in the radiation group (41.8%; P= 0.0219). In conclusion, surgery may become a standard treatment for @entity7487 esophageal cancer that can offer longer relapse-free survival, particularly for @entity1 with @entity5 that invade the submucosa.

title: A comparison of surgery and radiation therapy for @entity7487 XXXX .

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal mucosal tears induced by @entity391 to dislodge impacted food or following endoscopic procedures. However, @entity3253 or transmural perforation of the organ resulting from @entity391 induced to dislodge impacted food has rarely been reported. In this article, we present two male adult @entity1 with long-term esophageal symptoms who suffered from @entity3253 after the impaction of food in the esophagus. Both @entity1 required surgical management because of clinical and radiological signs of perforation. This rare complication of @entity5202 has been documented in 11 other reports, predominantly affecting young @entity1 in whom @entity5202 had not been previously diagnosed, despite the majority having esophageal symptoms and a history of atopy. There are only two published cases of esophageal perforation that presented in @entity1 , which were managed conservatively. Our two @entity1 and 4 out of the 11 described in literature required surgery because of esophageal perforation. Our two cases involved closure of the perforation, while in three published reports, perforation resulted in a partial or complete esophagectomy. No cases have been published on @entity3253 caused by @entity5202 that ended in fatalities. It is important to note that esophageal perforation caused by @entity391 is a potentially severe complication of @entity5202 that is being increasingly described in literature. Therefore, @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity3253 should be assessed for @entity5202 , especially if they are young @entity1 who have a prior history of @entity1282 and @entity56 manifestations.

title: XXXX as the primary manifestation of adult @entity5202 . Two case reports and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic esophagitis', 'EoE']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3253 :: ('MESH:C536571', 'Disease') :: ["Boerhaave's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity3253 :: (MESH:C536571,Disease) :: ['Boerhaave's syndrome']


abstract: @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ) has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal mucosal tears induced by @entity391 to dislodge impacted food or following endoscopic procedures. However, @entity3253 or transmural perforation of the organ resulting from @entity391 induced to dislodge impacted food has rarely been reported. In this article, we present two male adult @entity1 with long-term esophageal symptoms who suffered from @entity3253 after the impaction of food in the esophagus. Both @entity1 required surgical management because of clinical and radiological signs of perforation. This rare complication of @entity5202 has been documented in 11 other reports, predominantly affecting young @entity1 in whom @entity5202 had not been previously diagnosed, despite the majority having esophageal symptoms and a history of atopy. There are only two published cases of esophageal perforation that presented in @entity1 , which were managed conservatively. Our two @entity1 and 4 out of the 11 described in literature required surgery because of esophageal perforation. Our two cases involved closure of the perforation, while in three published reports, perforation resulted in a partial or complete esophagectomy. No cases have been published on @entity3253 caused by @entity5202 that ended in fatalities. It is important to note that esophageal perforation caused by @entity391 is a potentially severe complication of @entity5202 that is being increasingly described in literature. Therefore, @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity3253 should be assessed for @entity5202 , especially if they are young @entity1 who have a prior history of @entity1282 and @entity56 manifestations.

title: @entity3253 as the primary manifestation of adult XXXX . Two case reports and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Canadian @entity341 Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is a well recognized and validated triage system that prioritizes @entity1 care by severity of illness. The aim of this study was to describe the results of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) waiting times after the implementation of the CTAS in a major tertiary care hospital emergency department outside of Canada. METHODS: A total of 1206 charts were randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed for triage performance. The indicators were: time to triage, triage duration, waiting time to be evaluated by a physician, and proportion of @entity1 who left without being seen by a physician. Waiting times were stratified by triage level and reported as fractile response rates. RESULTS: The approximate time to triage was  <= 10 minutes for 71% and  <= 15 minutes for 82.8% of the @entity1 . Fifty-three percent (53.5%) completed their triage process within 5 minutes. Waiting times evaluated by a physician was 100% within CTAS time objectives in category I @entity1 , however, this was not the case for the other 4 categories. The overall left without being seen (LWBS) rate was 9.8%; 11.9% were in Level III, 20.3% in Level IV, and 67.8% in Level V. Median length of stay (LOS) was 144 minutes for the study sample as a whole. CONCLUSION: The CTAS may be adapted, with achievable objectives, in hospitals outside Canada as well. Time to see physician, total LOS, and LWBS are effective markers of @entity341 performance and the quality of triage. Registration-to-physician time (RTP) and LOS profiles, stratified by triage level, are essential indicative markers for @entity341 performance and should be used in improving @entity1 flow through collaborative efforts.

title: Canadian XXXX Triage and Acuity Scale: implementation in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency Department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['Emergency Department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to improve initial operative treatment of complex olecranon @entity174 we searched for new determining details. We assumed that the intermediate fragment plays a decisive role for anatomic restoration of the trochlear notch and consecutive outcome of initial operative treatment. METHODS: 80 @entity1 operated with diagnosis of complex olecranon @entity174 were identified in an 8-year-period from trauma unit files at two European Level 1 @entity130 Centers. Retrospective review of all operative reports and radiographs/computer-tomography scans identified @entity1 with concomitance of an intermediate fragment. The @entity1 -Rated Elbow Evaluation Score was calculated for 45 of 80 @entity1 at a minimum of 8 months postoperatively (range 8-84 months). RESULTS: 29 @entity1 were treated with stable internal fixation with figure-of-eight tension band wire fixation and 51 @entity1 with posterior plate osteosynthesis with/without intramedullary screw. An intermediate fragment was seen in 52 @entity1 . In 29 of these 52 @entity1 , the intermediate fragment was described in operative report. 24 of these 29 @entity1 were treated with posterior plate osteosynthesis, and 5 @entity1 with figure-of-eight tension band wiring. Complications included superficial @entity281 (2 @entity1 ), secondary dislocation (3 @entity1 ) and heterotopic ossifications (1 @entity1 ). Functional outcome demonstrated a total PREE score of 9 points on average in 45 of 80 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: An extraordinary amount of @entity1 showed an intermediate fragment. Consideration, desimpaction and anatomic reduction of the intermediate fragment are necessary preconditions for anatomic restoration of the trochlear notch. There is no clear benefit for plating versus tension band wiring according to our data. In the operative report precise description of the @entity174 pattern including presence of an intermediate fragment is recommended.

title: The pivotal role of the intermediate fragment in initial operative treatment of olecranon XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been described as the most important medical innovation in the last 25 years. Over 80 million MR procedures are now performed each year and on average 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 2.5%) of all @entity1 scheduled for MR imaging suffer from @entity913 . Thus, prevention of MR imaging by @entity913 is a common problem and approximately 2,000,000 MR procedures worldwide cannot be completed due to this situation. @entity1 with @entity148 are more likely to be frightened and experience a feeling of confinement or being closed in during MR imaging. In these @entity1 , conscious sedation and additional sequences (after sedation) may be necessary to complete the examinations. Further improvements in MR design appear to be essential to alleviate this situation and broaden the applicability of MR imaging. A more open scanner configuration might help reduce claustrophobic reactions while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy. METHODS/DESIGN: We propose to analyze the rate of claustrophobic reactions, clinical utility, image quality, @entity1 acceptance, and cost-effectiveness of an open MR scanner in a randomized comparison with a recently designed short-bore but closed scanner with 97% noise reduction. The primary aim of this study is thus to determine whether an open MR scanner can reduce claustrophobic reactions, thereby enabling more examinations of claustrophobic @entity1 without incurring the safety issues associated with conscious sedation. In this manuscript we detail the methods and design of the prospective "CLAUSTRO" trial. DISCUSSION: This randomized controlled trial will be the first direct comparison of open vertical and closed short-bore MR systems in regards to @entity913 and image quality as well as diagnostic utility. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00715806.

title: Reduction of XXXX during magnetic resonance imaging: methods and design of the "CLAUSTRO" randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['claustrophobic anxiety']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['claustrophobia']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['claustrophobia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery appears to be an underutilized treatment option for @entity788 . Nihilistic physician attitudes may be partly responsible. The study objectives were to analyze physician attitudes towards this disease and determine treatment patterns and outcomes including rates of surgical referral. METHODS: A survey was administered to 420 physicians in Manitoba to document general knowledge and attitudes. Population based administrative data was accessed for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 between 2004 and 2006 to examine treatment patterns and outcomes. RESULTS: 181 physicians responded to the survey. Most (73%) believed that surgical resection was worthwhile. Of the 413 Manitobans diagnosed with @entity788 , only 11% underwent an attempt at surgical resection. There were 124 @entity1 with stage I or II disease (i.e. potentially resectable), 85 of these @entity1 received no treatment and 39% were not referred to a surgeon. These @entity1 were older than those referred, but did not have more comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Most physicians were insightfully aware of both the survival benefit and potential risks of surgical resection. However, some did overestimate the surgical mortality and underestimate the associated survival benefit. Although advanced age may justly account for some of the @entity1 not receiving a referral, it is reasonable to assume that nihilistic physician attitudes is contributing to the apparent underutilization of surgery for @entity788 . Efforts should be made to ensure that eligible @entity1 are at least offered surgery as a potential treatment option.

title: Physician attitudes and treatment patterns for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the superiority of a soft tissue-based setup using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to a bony structure-based setup using the ExacTrac system in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity263 . We studied 20 @entity1 with @entity263 who received IMRT between November 2010 and February 2012. After the initial setup, the pelvic bony structure-based setup and ExacTrac system were applied. After that, CBCT and a soft tissue-based setup were used. A shift in the isocenter between the ExacTrac-based and CBCT-based setup was recorded in the anterior-posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI), and left-right (LR) axes. The shift was considered an interfractional prostate shift. Post-treatment CBCT was also taken once a week to measure the intrafractional prostate shift, based on the coordinates of the isocenter between pre- and post-treatment CBCT. The planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins were determined using van Herk's method. We measured the elapsed time required for soft tissue matching and the entire treatment time using CBCT. The means    standard deviation (SD) of the inter- and intrafractional shifts were 0.9    2.8 mm and -0.3    1.4 mm in the AP, 0.9    2.2 mm and -0.1    1.2 mm in the SI, and 0.1    0.7 mm and -0.1    0.7 mm in the LR directions. The @entity343 margins in the cases of bony structure-based and soft tissue-based setups were 7.3 mm and 2.7 mm in the AP, 5.8 mm and 2.3 mm in the SI, and 1.9 mm and 1.2 mm in the LR directions. Even though the median elapsed time using CBCT was expanded in 5.9 min, the @entity343 margins were significantly reduced. We found the calculated @entity343 margins in the soft tissue-based setup using CBCT were small, and this arrangement was superior to the bony structure-based setup in prostate IMRT.

title: Superiority of a soft tissue-based setup using cone-beam computed tomography over a bony structure-based setup in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Augmentation of @entity413 transport into skeletal muscle by @entity2368 translocation to the plasma and T-tubule membranes can be mediated independently by insulin and by contraction/exercise. Available data suggest that separable pools of intracellular @entity2368 respond to these two stimuli. To identify and characterize these pools, we fractionated skeletal muscle membranes in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Fractions of 32 and 36% @entity969 exhibited the highest enrichment of @entity2368 and were independently responsive to insulin and exercise, respectively. The combination of the two stimuli depleted both @entity2368 fractions simultaneously. Both vesicle populations contained the @entity11664 aminopeptidase, whose expression had previously been shown to be specific to muscle and fat and restricted to @entity2368 vesicles in the latter tissue. In muscle, @entity11664 translocates exactly as does @entity2368 in response to insulin and exercise. The contraction- and insulin-sensitive @entity2368 pools also contained secretory component-associated membrane protein/ @entity413 transporter vesicle triplet but not @entity1365 and caveolin. Immunoadsorption of the two pools followed by @entity575 staining did not reveal any obvious difference in their major protein components. On the other hand, sedimentational analysis in sucrose velocity gradients revealed that the insulin-sensitive @entity2368 vesicles had a larger sedimentation coefficient than the exercise-sensitive vesicles. Thus, the separation of the two intracellular @entity2368 pools should be useful in dissecting what are likely to be different signal transduction pathways that mediate their translocation to the cell surface.

title: Identification and characterization of an exercise-sensitive pool of XXXX transporters in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity834 after either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGBP) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains a burden. Various options are available for the treatment of these leaks. A newer and less invasive option for the treatment of leaks is the use of endoluminal stents. The main drawback for this treatment is stent migration. The current study describes the outcome of a new, specifically designed stent for the treatment of @entity834 after bariatric surgery. METHODS: For this retrospective observational study, the medical charts of @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery between October 1, 2010 and July 1, 2013 were reviewed. All @entity1 with @entity834 , treated with the bariatric Hanarostent, were included. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included out of a total of 1702 bariatric @entity1 in the described period. Seven had a leakage after LSG, five after LGBP. An average of 2.4 endoscopic procedures and 1.25 stents were used per @entity1 . Successful treatment was seen in nine out of 12 @entity1 (75  %). Most common complication was dislocation or migration of the stent, occurring in eight @entity1 (66.7  %). CONCLUSIONS: The ECBB Hanarostent  , which was specifically designed for post bariatric leakages, shows equal but not favorable success rates in this small series compared to previous reports on other types of stenting techniques. Despite the stent design, the complication rate is not reduced and the main future goal should be to target the high stent migration rate.

title: A Specifically Designed Stent for XXXX after Bariatric Surgery: Experiences in a Tertiary Referral Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leaks']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic Leaks']


abstract: Target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing were compared for 22 pediatric @entity1 with primary @entity1313 treated using two distinct nozzles in @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) proton therapy. Consecutive @entity1 treated at our institution using a @entity4653 -dedicated nozzle (DN) were replanned using a universal nozzle (UN) beam model and the original DN plan objectives. Various cranial sites were treated among the @entity1 to prescription doses ranging from 45 to 54 Gy. Organs at risk (OARs) evaluated were @entity1 -dependent; 15 unique OARs were analyzed, all of which were assessed in at least 10 @entity1 . Clinical target volume (CTV) coverage and organ sparing were compared for the two nozzles using dose-volume histogram data. Statistical analysis using a confidence-interval approach demonstrates that CTV coverage is equivalent for UN and DN plans within    5% equivalence bounds. In contrast, average mean and maximum doses are significantly higher for nearly all 15 OARs in the UN plans. The average median increase over all OARs and @entity1 is approximately 1.7 Gy, with an increase in the 25%-75% of 1.0-2.3 Gy; the median increase to the @entity1315 and cochleas are 1.8, 1.7, 0.7, and 2.7 Gy, respectively. The CTV dose distributions fall off slower for UN than for the DN plans; hence, normal tissue structures in close proximity to CTVs receive higher doses in UN plans than in DN plans. The higher OAR doses in the UN plans are likely due to the larger spot profile in plans created with UN beams. In light of the high rates of @entity137 in pediatric @entity1 receiving cranial irradiation and in light of selected @entity1313 types having high cure rates, this study suggests the smaller DN beam profile is preferable for the advantage of reducing dose to OARs.

title: Comparing proton treatment plans of pediatric XXXX in two @entity4653 nozzles with different spot sizes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland, temporal lobes, eyes']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['pencil beam scanning', 'PBS']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing were compared for 22 pediatric @entity1 with primary @entity1313 treated using two distinct nozzles in @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) proton therapy. Consecutive @entity1 treated at our institution using a @entity4653 -dedicated nozzle (DN) were replanned using a universal nozzle (UN) beam model and the original DN plan objectives. Various cranial sites were treated among the @entity1 to prescription doses ranging from 45 to 54 Gy. Organs at risk (OARs) evaluated were @entity1 -dependent; 15 unique OARs were analyzed, all of which were assessed in at least 10 @entity1 . Clinical target volume (CTV) coverage and organ sparing were compared for the two nozzles using dose-volume histogram data. Statistical analysis using a confidence-interval approach demonstrates that CTV coverage is equivalent for UN and DN plans within    5% equivalence bounds. In contrast, average mean and maximum doses are significantly higher for nearly all 15 OARs in the UN plans. The average median increase over all OARs and @entity1 is approximately 1.7 Gy, with an increase in the 25%-75% of 1.0-2.3 Gy; the median increase to the @entity1315 and cochleas are 1.8, 1.7, 0.7, and 2.7 Gy, respectively. The CTV dose distributions fall off slower for UN than for the DN plans; hence, normal tissue structures in close proximity to CTVs receive higher doses in UN plans than in DN plans. The higher OAR doses in the UN plans are likely due to the larger spot profile in plans created with UN beams. In light of the high rates of @entity137 in pediatric @entity1 receiving cranial irradiation and in light of selected @entity1313 types having high cure rates, this study suggests the smaller DN beam profile is preferable for the advantage of reducing dose to OARs.

title: Comparing proton treatment plans of pediatric @entity1313 in two XXXX nozzles with different spot sizes.

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['pencil beam scanning']


abstract: The @entity71873 ( @entity71873 ) pathway is a key regulator for lipid peroxidation, which is crucial for plant senescence and defense pathways. In this study, the transcriptional expression patterns of three persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. 'Fupingjianshi') 9- @entity71873 genes (DkLOX1, DkLOX3, and DkLOX4) were investigated. DkLOX1 was specifically expressed in fruit, particularly in young fruit, and showed little response to the postharvest environments. DkLOX4 was expressed in all tissues and slightly stimulated by mechanical damage and low temperature. DkLOX3 was expressed mainly in mature fruit, and the expression was extremely high throughout the storage period, apparently up-regulated by mechanical damage and high @entity544 treatments. Further functional analysis showed that overexpression of DkLOX3 in @entity523 ( @entity523 cv. Micro-Tom) accelerated fruit ripening and softening. This was accompanied by higher @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) content and @entity14319 accumulation, advanced @entity1786 release peak and elevated expression of @entity1786 synthesis genes, including @entity45325 , @entity68796 , and @entity72854 . In addition, DkLOX3 overexpression promoted dark induced transgenic @entity958 leaf senescence with more chlorophyll loss, increased electrolyte leakage and @entity1865 content. Furthermore, the functions of DkLOX3 in response to abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, high salinity and drought were investigated. @entity958 DkLOX3 overexpression (DkLOX3-OX) transgenic lines were found to be more tolerant to osmotic stress with higher germination rate and root growth than wild-type. Moreover, DkLOX3-OX @entity958 plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to high salinity and drought, with similar decreased @entity3612 and @entity5568 accumulation and upregulation of stress-responsive genes expression, including @entity22714 , RD29A, @entity22715 , and @entity47392 , except for @entity72855 , which plays a negative role in stress response. Overall, these results suggested that DkLOX3 plays positive roles both in promoting ripening and senescence through lipid peroxidation and accelerated @entity1786 production and in stress response via regulating reactive @entity26 species accumulation and stress responsive genes expression.

title: The Persimmon 9- XXXX Gene DkLOX3 Plays Positive Roles in Both Promoting Senescence and Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity71873 :: (841944(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['lipoxygenase']


abstract: Recurrent @entity2294 or tamponade can complicate malignant disease. The medical approach with pharmacologic agents has a high recurrence rate. Balloon pericardiotomy (BP) may provide a less invasive alternative to surgery. We performed BP in ten high-risk @entity1 with @entity2293 ( @entity2293 ). BP was performed with aseptic technique under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance. We used a percutaneous subxiphoid approach. A 20- to 25-mm-wide and 4-cm-long balloon was introduced over a stiff guide wire, positioned across the parietal pericardium, and manually inflated until the waisting disappeared. Echocardiographic study and chest radiograph were taken before, immediately after the procedure, and during follow-up. The procedure was successful and well tolerated in all @entity1 . There were no immediate or late complications. No @entity1 developed recurrence of @entity2294 at up to 10 months' follow-up. In conclusion, BP can be performed in @entity1 with @entity2293 with high rate of procedural success. It may become the preferred treatment to avoid a more invasive procedure in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['MPT', 'malignant pericardial tamponade']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['malignant pericardial tamponade']


abstract: Oral tolerance is the induction of immune @entity6306 to orally administered antigens. It was described in association with a decrease in @entity60 production by activated T cells. To determine the role of @entity60 and @entity1618 in immunemodulation via oral tolerization. @entity1960 was induced by intracolonic instillation of @entity1959 . Treated @entity19 received five oral doses of @entity1960 -extracted proteins (CEPs) every other day, starting immediately after @entity1960 induction. Control @entity19 received similar doses of bovine serum albumin. @entity1960 was assessed in both groups by standard clinical, micro- and macroscopic scores. @entity60 and @entity1618 expression in splenic lymphocytes from both groups was tested by RT-PCR immediately after oral feeding, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter and then every 24 h for 2 weeks. Feeding of CEPs markedly ameliorated experimental @entity1960 . These @entity19 gained weight and showed markedly improved macro- and microscopic parameters of @entity1960 . Tolerized @entity19 exhibited @entity60 expression in splenic lymphocytes starting immediately following oral CEP immunization and up to 14 d thereafter. @entity1618 was expressed starting 1 h after CEP feeding and during the first 48 h thereafter. In contrast, non-tolerized control @entity19 manifested @entity60 expression starting on day 6 and had no @entity1618 expression. Early induction of @entity60 expression by oral antigen may be associated with systemic tolerance in the experimental @entity1960 setting. In contrast, late expression of @entity60 is associated with a pro-inflammatory response in non-tolerized controls.

title: Early expression of XXXX following oral antigen administration is associated with peripheral tolerance induction.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFNgamma)', 'IFNgamma']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'Colitis']

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon gamma']


abstract: Three Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria were isolated from cultures of the marine red alga @entity34307 . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strains were closely related to Maritalea myrionectae CL-SK30(T) (97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Zhangella mobilis E6(T) (96.2%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between @entity15548 E6(T) and M. myrionectae CL-SK30(T) was 97.9%. The DNA G+C contents of the isolates (49.4-50.0 mol%) were similar to those of M. myrionectae DSM 19524(T) (52.3 mol%) and @entity15548 JCM 15144(T) (50.3 mol%). From these results, it was @entity4998 from the genus Maritalea. DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated that the isolates belonged to a single species. The isolates could also be distinguished from M. myrionectae and @entity15548 on the basis of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features, including @entity844 composition (particularly C(16:1)  7c), growth with 6-9% (w/v) @entity1219 , @entity505 utilization, oxidation patterns and so on. A novel species of the genus Maritalea is proposed to accommodate the three isolates, with the name Maritalea porphyrae sp. nov. The type strain is LCM-3(T) (=LMG 25872(T)=NBRC 107169(T)). Furthermore, it is proposed that Zhangella mobilis should be transferred from the genus Zhangella to the genus Maritalea, with the name Maritalea mobilis comb. nov. (type strain E6(T)=CGMCC 1.7002(T)=JCM 15144(T)).

title: Maritalea porphyrae sp. nov., isolated from a red alga ( XXXX ), and transfer of Zhangella mobilis to Maritalea mobilis comb. nov.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['difficult to differentiate the genus Zhangella']

entities_list: @entity34307 :: ('2788', 'Species') :: ['Porphyra yezoensis']

answer: @entity34307 :: (2788,Species) :: ['Porphyra yezoensis']


abstract: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1547 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1547 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1547 genes @entity72856 and @entity72857 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1547 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1547 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1547 , we studied @entity238 mutants of the other core @entity1547 gene, @entity72858 . We compare the resulting @entity72858 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity72857 protein unable to bind @entity72858 . Our results show that @entity72858 is an @entity1547 effector in the @entity238 but, unlike @entity72856 and @entity72857 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1547 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity72858 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity72857 - @entity72856 interaction causes death, while the @entity72857 - @entity72858 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1547 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity72856 and @entity72857 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1547 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1547 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity72858 is not always essential in @entity1547 .

title: @entity238 @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a XXXX -independent manner.

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Nonsense-mediated RNA decay', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity72858 :: (37792(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Upf3']


abstract: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1547 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1547 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1547 genes @entity72856 and @entity72857 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1547 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1547 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1547 , we studied @entity238 mutants of the other core @entity1547 gene, @entity72858 . We compare the resulting @entity72858 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity72857 protein unable to bind @entity72858 . Our results show that @entity72858 is an @entity1547 effector in the @entity238 but, unlike @entity72856 and @entity72857 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1547 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity72858 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity72857 - @entity72856 interaction causes death, while the @entity72857 - @entity72858 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1547 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity72856 and @entity72857 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1547 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1547 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity72858 is not always essential in @entity1547 .

title: XXXX @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity72858 -independent manner.

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1547 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1547 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1547 genes @entity72856 and @entity72857 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1547 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1547 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1547 , we studied @entity238 mutants of the other core @entity1547 gene, @entity72858 . We compare the resulting @entity72858 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity72857 protein unable to bind @entity72858 . Our results show that @entity72858 is an @entity1547 effector in the @entity238 but, unlike @entity72856 and @entity72857 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1547 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity72858 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity72857 - @entity72856 interaction causes death, while the @entity72857 - @entity72858 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1547 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity72856 and @entity72857 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1547 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1547 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity72858 is not always essential in @entity1547 .

title: @entity238 @entity72856 and XXXX loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity72858 -independent manner.

answer: @entity72857 :: (31724(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Upf2']


abstract: @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1547 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1547 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1547 genes @entity72856 and @entity72857 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1547 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1547 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1547 , we studied @entity238 mutants of the other core @entity1547 gene, @entity72858 . We compare the resulting @entity72858 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity72857 protein unable to bind @entity72858 . Our results show that @entity72858 is an @entity1547 effector in the @entity238 but, unlike @entity72856 and @entity72857 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1547 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity72856 and @entity72857 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity72858 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity72857 - @entity72856 interaction causes death, while the @entity72857 - @entity72858 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1547 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity72856 and @entity72857 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1547 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1547 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity72858 is not always essential in @entity1547 .

title: @entity238 XXXX and @entity72857 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity72858 -independent manner.

answer: @entity72856 :: (32153(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Upf1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe different patterns of associated @entity75 in preterm and full-term @entity1 with @entity5892 ( @entity5892 ) and to assess whether these different patterns are related to gestational age at onset. DESIGN: Magnetic resonance scans of all neonates (six preterm, 24 full term) with suspected @entity5892 , collected over a 7-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, were evaluated to assess patterns of associated @entity75 . Comparisons between the two gestational age groups were made. RESULTS: @entity5892 was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography in 26 of 30 neonates (six preterm, 20>= 36 weeks' gestational age). The straight (85%) and superior sagittal (65%) sinus were most often affected. Several sinuses were involved in 81% of @entity1 . White matter damage affecting the entire periventricular white matter was seen in five of six preterm @entity1 . @entity548 ( @entity548 ) was common in both groups (4/6 preterm, 16/20 full term). @entity62 with restricted diffusion (15/20) and @entity548 associated with @entity548 (11/20) were the most frequent lesions in full-term @entity1 . Focal arterial @entity1188 was present in four of 20 full-term @entity1 . Six @entity1 died in the neonatal period (four preterm, two full term). Follow-up MRIs at 3 months in all survivors showed evolution of the lesions with frontal @entity194 in 13 of 20 (12 full term) and delayed myelination in seven of 20 (six full term). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and full-term neonates show different patterns of associated @entity75 . Extensive white matter damage is the predominant pattern of injury in the preterm @entity1 , while an @entity548 associated with a thalamic @entity62 are more common in the full-term @entity1 .

title: The spectrum of associated @entity75 in XXXX : relation to gestational age and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['CSVT', 'cerebral sinovenous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['IVH', 'Intraventricular haemorrhage', 'thalamic haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal punctate white matter lesions', 'haemorrhage and punctate white matter lesions']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['cerebral sinovenous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe different patterns of associated @entity75 in preterm and full-term @entity1 with @entity5892 ( @entity5892 ) and to assess whether these different patterns are related to gestational age at onset. DESIGN: Magnetic resonance scans of all neonates (six preterm, 24 full term) with suspected @entity5892 , collected over a 7-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, were evaluated to assess patterns of associated @entity75 . Comparisons between the two gestational age groups were made. RESULTS: @entity5892 was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography in 26 of 30 neonates (six preterm, 20>= 36 weeks' gestational age). The straight (85%) and superior sagittal (65%) sinus were most often affected. Several sinuses were involved in 81% of @entity1 . White matter damage affecting the entire periventricular white matter was seen in five of six preterm @entity1 . @entity548 ( @entity548 ) was common in both groups (4/6 preterm, 16/20 full term). @entity62 with restricted diffusion (15/20) and @entity548 associated with @entity548 (11/20) were the most frequent lesions in full-term @entity1 . Focal arterial @entity1188 was present in four of 20 full-term @entity1 . Six @entity1 died in the neonatal period (four preterm, two full term). Follow-up MRIs at 3 months in all survivors showed evolution of the lesions with frontal @entity194 in 13 of 20 (12 full term) and delayed myelination in seven of 20 (six full term). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and full-term neonates show different patterns of associated @entity75 . Extensive white matter damage is the predominant pattern of injury in the preterm @entity1 , while an @entity548 associated with a thalamic @entity62 are more common in the full-term @entity1 .

title: The spectrum of associated XXXX in @entity5892 : relation to gestational age and outcome.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The serum @entity1486 test has been widely used in the last decade as an effective screening tool for @entity263 (CaP). However, the high false-positive rate of the serum @entity1486 test necessitates the development of more accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CaP. Promising diagnostic potential of serum protein patterns detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for CaP has recently been reported. Independent evaluation of this new technology is warranted to realize its translational utility. We determined whether serum protein profiling by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and a decision tree algorithm classification system could accurately discriminate between @entity1 with CaP and unaffected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proteomic spectra of crude serum were generated using the Ciphergen ProteinChip System and pattern detection was performed using Biomarker Patterns Software (Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Fremont, California). A total of 106 @entity1 with CaP and 56 controls were randomly allocated to a training set and a test set. The training set, which consisted of 44 @entity1 with @entity5 and 30 controls, was used to build a decision tree algorithm. The test set, which consisted of 62 @entity1 with @entity5 and 26 controls, was used in blinded fashion to validate the decision tree. RESULTS: Accuracy of classification using the test set was 67% and 42% for the weak cation exchange array and the @entity920 metal affinity capture array, respectively. Combined spectral data from the weak cation exchange and @entity920 metal affinity capture arrays generated an algorithm that achieved 85% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the detection of CaP. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings support recent observations that complex protein profiles have promising potential for the early detection of CaP and warrant future studies with streamlined technology. Furthermore, the combined effect of using 2 array types can greatly enhance the ability of protein profile patterns, suggesting the potential usefulness of alternative approaches to evaluate this new emerging technology.

title: Diagnostic potential of serum proteomic patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: @entity130 (ACL) has been suggested to alter the neuromuscular mechanism in the lower extremity. However, conclusive evidence regarding this occurrence has yet to be established during closed kinetic chain exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in muscle activation during slideboard exercise between non-injured, @entity1347 , and ACL reconstructed individuals. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">comparative study. SETTING: research laboratory. @entity1 : subjects for this study included 10 healthy, non-injured (NI) individuals, 7 uni-lateral @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) individuals, and 6 uni-lateral ACL reconstructed (ACLR) individuals. INTERVENTIONS: EMG activity was measured from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ), lateral hamstring (LH), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles during slideboard performance. MEASURES: EMG for each muscle during each of 6 phases of 1 average slideboard cycle was expressed as a percentage of EMG during a maximal @entity2472 . RESULTS: The results demonstrated that during slideboard phase I the VM, VL, and TA muscles generated the greatest amount of activity as compared to the other muscles. Vastus medialis muscle activation was found to be significantly higher than the other muscles in the involved/dominant limb, as compared to the non-involved/non-dominant limb during slideboard phase II. During slideboard phases III-VI, tibialis anterior muscle activation was found to be consistently higher than the other muscles, while hamstring muscle activity was consistently the lowest. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that adaptive changes following @entity130 during a dynamic, closed kinetic chain activity such as the slideboard exercise, may be a restoration of a bi-lateral balance in muscle activation.

title: The effects of XXXX on lower extremity activation during closed kinetic chain exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACLD', 'ACL deficient']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'medial hamstring']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament', 'ACL injury']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ACL injury']


abstract: @entity1897 may have a variety of causes. This article focuses on focal @entity75 because of neural entrapment associated with static mechanical compression or dynamic compression/stretching. Mechanical compression may relate to direct blunt @entity130 , @entity3816 , mass effect associated with adjacent mass lesions, and frictional effects associated with @entity82 . Stretching @entity130 may be associated with abnormalities in alignment such as plano-valgus hindfoot and hindfoot pronation. Recurrent @entity3681 may also cause @entity130 . @entity130 may be associated with denervation of the muscles supplied by the nerve. Electromyography (EMG) remains the gold standard for diagnosis of denervation. Diagnostic imaging plays a complementary role to EMG in difficult cases, the anticoagulated @entity1 , and in clarifying the etiology of an EMG-demonstrated @entity16 . Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can be used in peripheral nerve imaging to demonstrate extrinsic compressive lesions, focal @entity75 such as @entity4 and @entity4 , focal neural scarring (posttraumatic @entity2950 in continuity) and @entity21 . Imaging can also demonstrate the effects of muscle denervation. Focal areas of tenderness can be highlighted using skin markers for magnetic resonance imaging and by transducer palpation on ultrasound. Ultrasound can be particularly useful in assessing for intrinsic lesions in small peripheral nerves because of the superior spatial resolution of ultrasound in assessing superficial structures. Plain x-rays (and sometimes computed tomography scanning) may show significant bone changes and should be the initial imaging modality.

title: Imaging of XXXX in the lower limb.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous bands']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['inversion ankle injuries']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neural lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'neural edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Lower limb peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['intraneural ganglia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Neural injury', 'trauma', 'neural injury']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injury']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with acute @entity385 require immediate medical treatment, and a CT to rule out @entity548 is required before tPA. We adapted our protocol to include multimodal CT: unenhanced CT, CTA, and @entity10921 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether multimodal CT imaging delays initiation of IV tPA beyond 60 minutes from hospital arrival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 admitted during 3 years through the ED with a @entity64 alert and time from symptom onset to hospital arrival <2.5 hours were included. We examined 2 subgroups (multimodal CT versus unenhanced CT) to determine whether multimodal CT delayed tPA administration. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that predicted tPA within 60 minutes. RESULTS: There were 123 @entity1 in the analysis, including 108 @entity1 who were examined with multimodal CT. The median time from arrival to tPA was 56 minutes and was shorter for @entity1 examined with multimodal CT (55 versus 78 minutes, P = .02). After adjustment, variables that were associated with tPA administration within 60 minutes included prehospital @entity64 alert (OR = 3.47, P = .03), time to CT (OR = 0.94, P = .01), and onset-to-arrival time (OR = 1.02, P = .04). There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of receiving timely tPA for multimodal versus unenhanced CT (OR = 3.99, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: In our single-center experience, the use of multimodal imaging in @entity1 with @entity64 did not delay IV tPA beyond 60 minutes. Further study is needed to assess the feasibility of the routine use of multimodal imaging in the @entity64 .

title: Multimodal imaging does not delay intravenous thrombolytic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke setting', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: @entity13359 ( @entity13359 ) is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically presents with generalised @entity111 in the absence of a @entity1910 in the late second trimester or third trimester. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly those from South Asian, South American, Nordic and Scandinavian regions, and has a familial and genetic basis. Recent research suggests that the pathophysiology may reside in mutations in genes that code for @entity6741 transporter proteins. Mutations involving the @entity6741 transporters may impair maternal excretion and influence transplacental passage of @entity3645 . It is hypothesised that the surge in pregnancy @entity134 hormones may result in genetically predisposed @entity1 developing @entity1448 . The condition is also associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly from @entity3152 , @entity147 and intrauterine @entity204 . Animal studies have shown that @entity3645 are @entity1370 , which may help explain the condition's association with @entity147 and @entity2209 . Accurate diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion, and the findings of @entity409 tests and raised serum @entity6741 levels after the exclusion of other organic causes of @entity409 . Ursodeoxycholic acid helps relieve symptoms, improve serum @entity6741 levels and possibly has a cardioprotective effect. Active management, in the form of close antepartum fetal monitoring and delivery before 37 weeks, helps to decrease the risk of intrauterine @entity204 , though possibly at the expense of increased obstetric intervention. Following delivery, there is usually a dramatic improvement of symptoms and resolution of the condition. @entity1 should be counselled about the high recurrence risk of @entity13359 in subsequent pregnancies.

title: XXXX : current opinions and management.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity13359 :: ('MESH:C535932', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'Obstetric cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirths']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity13359 :: (MESH:C535932,Disease) :: ['Obstetric cholestasis']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity2607 and @entity11348 (HC-3) on reflex @entity1168 and @entity591 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity35 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity299 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity1063 and @entity1854 , respectively. @entity2607 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity299 ( @entity299 ), enhanced the reflex @entity1168 and reduced reflex @entity591 . @entity2607 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity1063 , the depressor effect of @entity1854 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity3897 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity6959 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity299 and reflex @entity591 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity1168 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity299 and inhibited both reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . These results suggest that brain @entity934 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity591 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity1168 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity934 on reflex-induced XXXX and @entity591 in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity11348 :: ('MESH:D006426', 'Chemical') :: ['hemicholinium-3']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity2607 and @entity11348 (HC-3) on reflex @entity1168 and @entity591 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity35 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity299 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity1063 and @entity1854 , respectively. @entity2607 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity299 ( @entity299 ), enhanced the reflex @entity1168 and reduced reflex @entity591 . @entity2607 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity1063 , the depressor effect of @entity1854 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity3897 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity6959 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity299 and reflex @entity591 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity1168 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity299 and inhibited both reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . These results suggest that brain @entity934 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity591 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity1168 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain XXXX on reflex-induced @entity1168 and @entity591 in conscious @entity35 .

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity2607 and @entity11348 (HC-3) on reflex @entity1168 and @entity591 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity35 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity299 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity1063 and @entity1854 , respectively. @entity2607 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity299 ( @entity299 ), enhanced the reflex @entity1168 and reduced reflex @entity591 . @entity2607 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity1063 , the depressor effect of @entity1854 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity3897 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity6959 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity299 and reflex @entity591 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity1168 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity299 and inhibited both reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . These results suggest that brain @entity934 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity591 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity1168 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity934 on reflex-induced @entity1168 and XXXX in conscious @entity35 .

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity2607 and @entity11348 (HC-3) on reflex @entity1168 and @entity591 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity35 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity299 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity1063 and @entity1854 , respectively. @entity2607 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity299 ( @entity299 ), enhanced the reflex @entity1168 and reduced reflex @entity591 . @entity2607 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity1063 , the depressor effect of @entity1854 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity3897 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity6959 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity299 and reflex @entity591 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity1168 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity299 and inhibited both reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity2607 on MAP, @entity299 , reflex @entity1168 and reflex @entity591 . These results suggest that brain @entity934 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity591 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity1168 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity934 on reflex-induced @entity1168 and @entity591 in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been widely established in the treatment of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). However, only few studies have evaluated long-term effects of this treatment on lung function. This study assesses the effect of nCPAP on lung function parameters and response to bronchodilators in 50 @entity27 @entity1 . Spirometry and arterial blood gas measurements were performed before starting nCPAP and after 16.8 +/- 8 months of treatment. Of the 50 study @entity1 (55 +/- 12 years, with an @entity386 / @entity387 index of 47 +/- 34h(-1)), 15 had @entity565 , 13 had @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and 22 had no obstructive @entity1030 (NOAD). In the entire population, significant decreases in FEF50 (from 69 +/- 38% to 61 +/- 30%, P < 0.005), FEF25 (from 53 +/- 34% to 46 +/- 28%, P < 0.05) and FEF25-75 (from 65 +/- 33% to 57 +/- 27%, P < 0.005) were observed after treatment. No @entity73 was found in @entity1030 and @entity748 @entity1 . In contrast, lung function was changed in the NOAD group where FEF50, FEF25 and FEF25-75 as well as FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio were significantly reduced. Moreover, @entity2488 occurred in five of 22 @entity1 of this group. These results suggest that tolerance of nCPAP should be handled by long-term follow-up of flow-volume loops.

title: Should flow-volume loop be monitored in sleep XXXX @entity1 treated with continuous positive airway pressure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of lung function']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD', 'airway disease']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']