abstract: Common genetic mutations encountered in @entity1501 metabolism may result in increased @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels. It has been reported that increased serum @entity5784 levels may affect the intracellular fat metabolism and may cause enhanced @entity1560 in the liver resulting in @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). In total, 150 @entity1 diagnosed with FLD by ultrasound examination and 136 healthy control @entity1 that do not have any @entity1560 in the liver were included in the study. @entity1 were grouped as mild (n = 88), moderate (n = 38) or severe (n = 24) according to the @entity96 in ultrasound. Serum liver function tests, @entity5784 , @entity1501 and @entity2186 levels of the @entity1 were studied. The genetic @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity24038 polymorphisms of the @entity1 were also evaluated. Although there was no significant difference in @entity2186 and @entity1501 levels, in the severe group, @entity5784 levels were significantly higher than that of control and mild groups (p<0.001). By contrast, there was no significant difference in heterozygote @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity24038 mutations, both @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity9769 @entity24038 mutations were more common in @entity1561 groups compared with the control @entity1 (p<0.001). We have determined increased @entity5784 levels and increased prevalence of homozygote @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity9769 @entity24038 mutations in @entity1 with @entity1561 compared with healthy controls. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the etiological role of the @entity9769 mutations and @entity5784 levels in FLD.

title: XXXX @entity9770 and @entity24038 mutations and @entity1561 .

answer: @entity9769 :: (4524,Gene) :: ['MTHFR']


abstract: Common genetic mutations encountered in @entity1501 metabolism may result in increased @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels. It has been reported that increased serum @entity5784 levels may affect the intracellular fat metabolism and may cause enhanced @entity1560 in the liver resulting in @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ). In total, 150 @entity1 diagnosed with FLD by ultrasound examination and 136 healthy control @entity1 that do not have any @entity1560 in the liver were included in the study. @entity1 were grouped as mild (n = 88), moderate (n = 38) or severe (n = 24) according to the @entity96 in ultrasound. Serum liver function tests, @entity5784 , @entity1501 and @entity2186 levels of the @entity1 were studied. The genetic @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity24038 polymorphisms of the @entity1 were also evaluated. Although there was no significant difference in @entity2186 and @entity1501 levels, in the severe group, @entity5784 levels were significantly higher than that of control and mild groups (p<0.001). By contrast, there was no significant difference in heterozygote @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity24038 mutations, both @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity9769 @entity24038 mutations were more common in @entity1561 groups compared with the control @entity1 (p<0.001). We have determined increased @entity5784 levels and increased prevalence of homozygote @entity9769 @entity9770 and @entity9769 @entity24038 mutations in @entity1 with @entity1561 compared with healthy controls. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the etiological role of the @entity9769 mutations and @entity5784 levels in FLD.

title: @entity9769 XXXX and @entity24038 mutations and @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['stage of fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

answer: @entity9770 :: (c|SUB|C|677|T,DNAMutation) :: ['677C/T']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6509 (including facial erythema) has a negative impact on @entity458 . This survey aimed to assess the impact of facial erythema on subconscious perceptions and the initial reactions of others and how this affects attitudes in different settings. The survey also measured the impact of facial erythema on a @entity1 's emotional and psychological wellbeing. METHODS: A total of 6831 @entity1 from eight countries completed online computer-assisted web interviewing psychological assessments based on the implicit association test. Traditional questionnaires provided data on the impact of facial erythema and perceptions of @entity1 with @entity6509 from other @entity1 . RESULTS: Facial erythema was strongly associated with poor health and negative personality traits with @entity1 reporting negative impacts of @entity6509 emotionally, socially and in the workplace. Nearly 80% reported difficulty in controlling facial erythema but those with physician-diagnosed @entity6509 had significantly improved control versus those with undiagnosed @entity6509 (39% vs 20%, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with facial erythema have to manage their own psychological barriers to cope with the disease and deal with the prejudice and negative first impressions of others. Formal diagnosis, advice and treatment from a healthcare professional improve @entity6509 control. FUNDING: Galderma.

title: Perceptions on the Psychological Impact of Facial Erythema Associated with XXXX : Results of International Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and emotional health']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['Rosacea', 'rosacea']

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['Rosacea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of "chimney graft" technique during @entity439 repair (TEVAR) in @entity2333 . METHODS: Th e methods, results and the incidence of complications in 25 @entity1 , who received "chimney stent" therapy for aortic arch disease, were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: From August, 2010 to August, 2014, 25 @entity2333 were treated by TEVAR with "chimney stent", 18 @entity1 were male and 7 were female. The average age was 38-78(65  5.8) years old. Five @entity1 received "chimney stents" for left common carotid artery, while 20 @entity1 received "chimney stent" for left subclavian artery. Three cases showed small amount of Type I leak under immediate postoperative angiography without treatment. The leak was disappeared 1month later. Two @entity1 appeared @entity425 and one of them showed dizzinesss simultaneously. Both of them recovered gradually in follow-up process. Th ere was no limb @entity63 or @entity39 . Th e locations of aortic and "chimney stent" were stable without any @entity532 . CONCLUSION: "Chimney graft" technique is a safe and effective treatment for @entity2333 due to lack of proximal anchoring zone. The follow up results in a short-term is satisfied.

title: [Application of "chimney graft" technique for XXXX repair in @entity2333 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['migration and leak complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['left upper limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch lesions']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['thoracic endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and efficacy of "chimney graft" technique during @entity439 repair (TEVAR) in @entity2333 . METHODS: Th e methods, results and the incidence of complications in 25 @entity1 , who received "chimney stent" therapy for aortic arch disease, were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: From August, 2010 to August, 2014, 25 @entity2333 were treated by TEVAR with "chimney stent", 18 @entity1 were male and 7 were female. The average age was 38-78(65  5.8) years old. Five @entity1 received "chimney stents" for left common carotid artery, while 20 @entity1 received "chimney stent" for left subclavian artery. Three cases showed small amount of Type I leak under immediate postoperative angiography without treatment. The leak was disappeared 1month later. Two @entity1 appeared @entity425 and one of them showed dizzinesss simultaneously. Both of them recovered gradually in follow-up process. Th ere was no limb @entity63 or @entity39 . Th e locations of aortic and "chimney stent" were stable without any @entity532 . CONCLUSION: "Chimney graft" technique is a safe and effective treatment for @entity2333 due to lack of proximal anchoring zone. The follow up results in a short-term is satisfied.

title: [Application of "chimney graft" technique for @entity439 repair in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic arch lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The monocyte receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide @entity5750 is an important mediator of the inflammatory response. Recently, a polymorphism in the promotor of the @entity5750 gene, C (-260) T, was detected as a risk factor for @entity301 . OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypotheses that this polymorphism is a risk factor 1. for @entity2806 in general and 2. for @entity2806 due to large artery @entity731 or @entity455 in particular. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a case control study including 151 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2806 treated at our university hospital and 149 control subjects. All control subjects were randomly selected from the general population of the same region in South-West Germany. Genotype frequencies of the C(-260) T polymorphism in the promotor of the @entity5750 gene were examined by restriction length analysis. RESULTS: The TT-genotype was not associated with @entity2806 in general either in univariate or in multivariate analysis together with classical vascular risk factors (odds ratio in multivariate analysis: 1.11; 95 %CI, 0.63 to 1.95). In 70 @entity1 with @entity2806 due to @entity731 of large arteries or @entity455 , there was a significantly higher prevalence of the TT-genotype than into control subjects (38.6 % vs. 23.5 %; odds ratio in multivariate analysis 2.26; 95 %CI, 1.13 to 4.54). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the TT-genotype of the @entity5750 C(-260) T polymorphism in a South-German population is not associated with an increased risk of @entity2806 in general. However, we found that the TT-genotype is associated with a risk of @entity731 or microangiopathic @entity64 . This finding requires confirmation by future studies in larger populations.

title: Lipopolysaccharide receptor @entity5750 polymorphism and risk of XXXX in a South-German population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The monocyte receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide @entity5750 is an important mediator of the inflammatory response. Recently, a polymorphism in the promotor of the @entity5750 gene, C (-260) T, was detected as a risk factor for @entity301 . OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypotheses that this polymorphism is a risk factor 1. for @entity2806 in general and 2. for @entity2806 due to large artery @entity731 or @entity455 in particular. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a case control study including 151 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2806 treated at our university hospital and 149 control subjects. All control subjects were randomly selected from the general population of the same region in South-West Germany. Genotype frequencies of the C(-260) T polymorphism in the promotor of the @entity5750 gene were examined by restriction length analysis. RESULTS: The TT-genotype was not associated with @entity2806 in general either in univariate or in multivariate analysis together with classical vascular risk factors (odds ratio in multivariate analysis: 1.11; 95 %CI, 0.63 to 1.95). In 70 @entity1 with @entity2806 due to @entity731 of large arteries or @entity455 , there was a significantly higher prevalence of the TT-genotype than into control subjects (38.6 % vs. 23.5 %; odds ratio in multivariate analysis 2.26; 95 %CI, 1.13 to 4.54). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the TT-genotype of the @entity5750 C(-260) T polymorphism in a South-German population is not associated with an increased risk of @entity2806 in general. However, we found that the TT-genotype is associated with a risk of @entity731 or microangiopathic @entity64 . This finding requires confirmation by future studies in larger populations.

title: Lipopolysaccharide receptor XXXX polymorphism and risk of @entity64 in a South-German population.

answer: @entity5750 :: (929,Gene) :: ['CD14']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The optimal time and approach of repair of @entity215 ( @entity215 ) remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome following repair of @entity215 in @entity1 with particular regard to the surgical approach used. @entity1 : One hundred and sixty @entity1 (mean age 195+/-89 days, range 11-364 days) undergoing repair of a simple @entity215 were studied. Between 1974 and 2000, a transventricular approach (RV) was used in 91 and between 1988 and 2000, a transatrial (RA) approach in 69 @entity1 . Ten of these @entity1 (6.2%) had a previous palliative shunt (four in the RV versus six in the RA group). A transannular patch (TAP) was inserted in 96 (60%) @entity1 (76 versus 20). Follow-up was complete (mean 14.5+/-5.2 versus 6+/-1 years). RESULTS: There were three operative deaths (1.9%), (two in RV versus one in RA group). A re-operation for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) was performed in 19 @entity1 (3 versus 16). Ten-year freedom from re-operation for RVOTO (+/-standard error of the mean) was 88+/-4% (98+/-2 versus 72+/-6%, P<0.0001). Within the RA group, 5-year freedom from re-operation for RVOTO for those who had a TAP was 79+/-9% and it was 75+/-4% for those having a simple repair. Six @entity1 in the RV group required pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Ten-year freedom from PVR was 98+/-1% (97+/-2 versus 100%, P=0.3). There were two late deaths, one in each group. Ten-year survival was 97+/-1%. One @entity1 in the RV group developed late recurrent @entity1165 requiring the implantation of a defibrillator. At most recent echocardiography, all but the @entity1 who had the defibrillator had good right and left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS: Transventricular and transatrial repair of @entity215 in infancy, are associated with an acceptable operative risk, low incidence of late @entity943 , good bi-ventricular function and excellent survival. In our experience, however, transatrial repair has a disturbing incidence of early and mid-term residual or recurrent RVOTO, even when a TAP has been used.

title: Repair of XXXX in infancy with a transventricular or a transatrial approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate late outcome of @entity1700 (TAPVC) repair, controlling for anatomic subtypes and surgical technique. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2001, 89 @entity1 (median age 54 days) underwent repair for supracardiac (38), cardiac (26), infracardiac (16) or mixed (nine) TAPVC. Ten @entity1 (11.2%) presented @entity154 other than PDA. Twenty-eight @entity1 (31.5%) were @entity341 , due to obstructed drainage. Supracardiac and infracardiac TAPVC repair included the double-patch technique with @entity4032 in 29 @entity1 and side-to-side @entity254 between the pulmonary venous (PV) confluence and the left atrium in 29 @entity1 . Coronary sinus unroofing was preferred for cardiac TAPVC repair. Total follow-up was 727.16 @entity1 -years (mean 8.55 years, 98.8% complete). RESULTS: Early mortality was 7.86% (7/89). Ten @entity1 (11.2%) underwent reintervention, including reoperation (eight), @entity384 (one) and intraoperative stents placement (one), for anastomotic (four) or @entity849 (six), with four late deaths. Kaplan-Meier survival is 87.3+/-0.036 SE% at 18.07 years with no difference according to anatomic type or surgical technique. Freedom from PV reintervention for operative survivors is 86.7+/-0.052 SE% at 18.07 years. Cox proportional hazard indicates @entity154 (P=0.008) and reoperation for @entity849 (P=0.034) as independent predictors of mortality. According to logistic analysis, @entity3885 predicts higher risk of reintervention for @entity849 (P=0.022), while the double-patch technique increased the risk of late @entity943 (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Side-to-side @entity254 provides excellent results for TAPVC repair while @entity4032 procedures appear to be associated with higher risk of late @entity943 . Although early and aggressive reintervention for recurrent @entity3885 is mandatory, @entity849 remains a predictor of adverse outcome.

title: XXXX : long-term appraisal with evolving technical solutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['non-isomeric total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative obstruction', 'PV obstruction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic PV stenosis', 'diffuse PV stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['left atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: Evidence that @entity301 risk increases with surgical @entity7793 is consistent. However, findings concerning @entity731 and surgical @entity7793 are inconsistent. The Los Angeles @entity731 Study (1995-1996) assessed the cross-sectional relation at baseline between years since bilateral oophorectomy and common carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ). @entity1 included 269 employed California @entity1 asymptomatic for @entity65 and aged 45-60 years. Ninety-seven @entity1 reported a hysterectomy: 42 without oophorectomy or a unilateral oophorectomy and 55 with a concurrent bilateral oophorectomy. @entity121 was measured bilaterally with B-mode ultrasound and was regressed on age, height, and years since hysterectomy in each group. Among @entity1 who had undergone bilateral oophorectomy, @entity121 was significantly related to years since hysterectomy (beta = 0.042 (standard error, 0.018) mm/10 years, p = 0.02). However, @entity121 was unrelated to years since hysterectomy in the no bilateral oophorectomy group (beta = 0.005 (standard error, 0.023) mm/10 years, p = 0.82). Adjustment for high density lipoprotein or low density lipoprotein @entity165 attenuated the association between @entity121 and years since hysterectomy by about a fourth in the bilateral oophorectomy group. Since over 90% of this group had a history of hormone replacement therapy use, the finding that years since bilateral oophorectomy was associated with increasing @entity731 conflicts with a well-known finding that such therapy reverses the adverse effect of bilateral oophorectomy on @entity301 .

title: Carotid wall thickness and years since bilateral oophorectomy: the Los Angeles XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['menopause']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is commonly used to assess outcomes after @entity64 . The Duke Health Profile (DHP) has been translated and culturally adapted for use in Vietnam, but its reliability and validity for use with @entity64 @entity1 in Vietnam or elsewhere have not been assessed. METHODS: First-ever @entity64 @entity1 (n  =  108) who were admitted to 115 @entity1 's Hospital between February and September 2012 and survived for 3  months after @entity64 had HRQoL assessed using the DHP and a comparison instrument (EQ-5D). Caregivers of 94 @entity1 completed these questionnaires as a proxy. After 1  week, these questionnaires were re-administered to @entity1 and proxies. RESULTS: The mean differences between test and retest assessments of HRQoL by @entity1 were small and not clinically meaningful and were not consistently associated with sex, age, type of @entity64 or severity of @entity717 . Direct assessments by the @entity1 were on average greater than those obtained from the proxy. The ICCs ranged from 0.60 to 0.86 ( @entity1 test-retest) and from 0.55 to 0.98 ( @entity1 -proxy agreement). The ICCs were greatest for physical functioning components ( @entity1 test-retest 0.63-0.86, @entity1 -proxy 0.69-0.98). The correlations between the DHP dimensions and EQ-5D were generally stronger when they measured similar constructs (r  =  0.53-0.66) and were lower for less related constructs (r  =  0.11-0.43). CONCLUSION: The DHP has moderate reliability and validity for use with @entity64 @entity1 in Vietnam even when information is obtained from proxy respondents.

title: Health-related quality of life after XXXX : reliability and validity of the Duke Health Profile for use in Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairment or disability']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 's inhumanity for @entity1 still knows no boundaries, as we continue as a species as a whole to engage in war. According to Kohn's Dictionary of Wars [1], of over 3,700  years of recorded history, there have been a total of 3,010 wars. One is hard pressed to actually find a period of time in which here has not been an active conflict in the globe. The world has experienced two world wars: WWI (1914-1918) and WWII (1939-1945). The total number of military casualties in WWI was over 37 million, while WWII so far, has been the deadliest military conflict in history with over 60 million @entity1 killed accounting for slightly over 2.5  % of the world's population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The purpose of this study is to review contemporary wars and their contributions to @entity1317 management. It is precisely wartime contributions that have led to the more precise identification and management of these injuries resulting in countless lives and extremities saved. However, surgeons dealing with @entity1317 have faced a tough and arduous road. Their journey was initiated by surgical mavericks which undaunted, pressed on against all odds guided by William Stewart Halsted's classic statement in 1912: "One of the chief fascinations in surgery is the management of wounded vessels." CONCLUSION: Contemporary wars of the XX-XXI centuries gave birth, defined and advanced the field of @entity1317 management.

title: Contemporary wars and their contributions to XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of surgical treatment for @entity3083 with @entity51 by one-stage posterior instrumentation, proper transpedicular debridement, without anterior instrumentation and without anterior or posterior bone graft. METHODS: A total of 19 cases with @entity378 , @entity51 and @entity79 (without severe @entity1513 ) admitted to the hospital from May 2005 to January 2010 were treated by internal fixation, transpedicular debridement without bone graft via the isolated posterior approach. Operating time, @entity190 , complications, @entity16 , deformity correction, @entity158 relief, and inter-body fusion were investigated. RESULTS: The average mean operating time was 168.9      21.1  min. The average @entity190 during operation was 655.8      82.8  ml. All @entity1 were followed for 28-46  months post-operation (average, 36.8      5.8  months). All @entity1 had significant postoperative improvement in ASIA classification scores and VAS scores. The thoracic kyphotic angle was significantly decreased to 11.6  -20.2   after operation (average, 15.6        2.2  ), and the angle was 12.3  -21.6   (average, 16.4        2.2  ) at final follow-up. No severe complications or @entity1566 occurred. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 recovered to normal within 3  months after operation in all @entity1 . All @entity1 have got spontaneous bony fusion within 6-9  months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: One-stage posterior instrumentation, transpedicular debridement without bone graft can be an effective and feasible treatment method for selected @entity3083 .

title: One-stage posterior procedure in treating XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological function']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['active thoracic spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to review the cases of @entity1963 seen in the span of ten years at a pediatric surgery unit of a tertiary care public hospital in New Delhi. METHODS: Medical records of twelve @entity1 with @entity1963 were retrieved. RESULTS: Ten out of the twelve @entity1 were males; seven were of the Muslim community. Average recorded birth weight was 2.2 kg. Ten @entity1 presented with features of @entity1321 , while two presented with perforation @entity298 . Among the cases of obstruction, @entity1963 was suspected in eight cases (one was associated with @entity17789 ), one case each was preoperatively diagnosed as @entity4628 and meconium ileus. Abdominal X-rays at presentation of all the neonates except in one with @entity17789 showed multiple air fluid levels. Contrast enema was done in five @entity1 . It showed micro-colon in two @entity1 , and typical question mark sign, dilated small bowel with transition zone in hepatic flexure and normal caliber colon in one each. All the @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy. Intra-operatively, the transition zone was seen at distal ileum in ten cases and at hepatic flexure and transverse colon in one each. Biopsies of all the twelve @entity1 eventually showed absence of ganglion cells in entire colon. Ileostomy was done in nine cases, colostomy in two and primary Kimura's procedure in one (this @entity1 was discharged and lost to follow up). Left colonic patch with Swenson's pull through with ileostomy was done for one @entity1 on colostomy. His stoma was closed; he was eventually discharged and lost to follow up. In the other @entity1 with colostomy, the stoma was closed and an ileostomy was created. Of all the @entity1 on ileostomy, three expired in the immediate postoperative period. Four were lost to follow up. Two underwent Kimura's procedure; and expired few months later. One @entity1 on ileostomy is awaiting further treatment. CONCLUSION: The outcomes for @entity1963 in those presenting in neonatal age tend to be unsatisfactory in the developing countries.

title: Perils of XXXX presenting in neonatal age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal atresia']

entities_list: @entity17789 :: ('MESH:C536467', 'Disease') :: ['Shah-Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['total colonic aganglionosis', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['total colonic aganglionosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activation system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix in tissue remodeling, @entity5 cell invasion, and @entity3 . METHODS: Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed to quantify @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) mRNA in 54 @entity0 tissues. Gene fragments were amplified in a LightCycler real-time PCR system using gene-specific primers and SYBR Green I. The results were normalized to @entity217 mRNA. We also quantified antigen and functional concentrations of these components. RESULTS: The intra- and interassay variabilities for mRNA quantification showed mean SDs for the crossing point of 0.12 and 0.15 cycles, respectively. @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and @entity2289 and @entity2290 functional concentrations increased with @entity5 severity; the increase was statistically significant for @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and for @entity2290 functional concentrations. Node-positive @entity1 showed significantly higher @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations than those who were node negative. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive, reproducible, and fast method for measuring gene expression of @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 in @entity0 . These components may be involved in @entity0 development, and increased mRNA expression may be associated with a worse prognosis.

title: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for urokinase plasminogen activator, @entity2289 , and @entity2843 gene expressions in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor type 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activation system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix in tissue remodeling, @entity5 cell invasion, and @entity3 . METHODS: Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed to quantify @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) mRNA in 54 @entity0 tissues. Gene fragments were amplified in a LightCycler real-time PCR system using gene-specific primers and SYBR Green I. The results were normalized to @entity217 mRNA. We also quantified antigen and functional concentrations of these components. RESULTS: The intra- and interassay variabilities for mRNA quantification showed mean SDs for the crossing point of 0.12 and 0.15 cycles, respectively. @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and @entity2289 and @entity2290 functional concentrations increased with @entity5 severity; the increase was statistically significant for @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and for @entity2290 functional concentrations. Node-positive @entity1 showed significantly higher @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations than those who were node negative. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive, reproducible, and fast method for measuring gene expression of @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 in @entity0 . These components may be involved in @entity0 development, and increased mRNA expression may be associated with a worse prognosis.

title: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for urokinase plasminogen activator, @entity2289 , and XXXX gene expressions in primary @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activation system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in the degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix in tissue remodeling, @entity5 cell invasion, and @entity3 . METHODS: Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed to quantify @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) mRNA in 54 @entity0 tissues. Gene fragments were amplified in a LightCycler real-time PCR system using gene-specific primers and SYBR Green I. The results were normalized to @entity217 mRNA. We also quantified antigen and functional concentrations of these components. RESULTS: The intra- and interassay variabilities for mRNA quantification showed mean SDs for the crossing point of 0.12 and 0.15 cycles, respectively. @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and @entity2289 and @entity2290 functional concentrations increased with @entity5 severity; the increase was statistically significant for @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations and for @entity2290 functional concentrations. Node-positive @entity1 showed significantly higher @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 mRNA and antigen concentrations than those who were node negative. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR is a highly sensitive, reproducible, and fast method for measuring gene expression of @entity2289 , @entity2290 , and @entity2843 in @entity0 . These components may be involved in @entity0 development, and increased mRNA expression may be associated with a worse prognosis.

title: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for urokinase plasminogen activator, XXXX , and @entity2843 gene expressions in primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteral feed intolerance occurs frequently in @entity3124 @entity1 and can be associated with adverse outcomes. "Energy-dense formulae" (ie, >1 kcal/mL) are often prescribed to @entity3124 @entity1 to reduce administered volume and are presumed to maintain or increase calorie delivery. The aim of this study was to compare gastric emptying of standard and energy-dense formulae in @entity3124 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective comparison of 2 studies, data were analyzed from 2 groups of @entity1 that received a radiolabeled 100-mL "meal" containing either standard calories (1 kcal/mL) or concentrated calories (energy-dense formulae; 2 kcal/mL). Gastric emptying was measured using a scintigraphic technique. Radioisotope data were collected for 4 hours and gastric emptying quantified. Data are presented as mean    SE or median [interquartile range] as appropriate. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 were studied (n = 18, energy-dense formulae; n = 22, standard). Groups were well matched in terms of demographics. However, @entity1 in the energy-dense formula group were studied earlier in their intensive care unit admission (P = .02) and had a greater proportion requiring inotropes (P = .002). A similar amount of calories emptied out of the stomach per unit time (P = .57), but in @entity1 receiving energy-dense formulae, a greater volume of meal was retained in the stomach (P = .045), consistent with slower gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3124 @entity1 , the administration of the same volume of a concentrated enteral nutrition formula may not result in the delivery of more calories to the small intestine over time because gastric emptying is slowed.

title: Energy-Dense Formulae May Slow Gastric Emptying in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critically Ill']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is necessary among many hospitalised @entity1 to prevent @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). However, a significant number of clinician-ordered doses are not administered with many doses refused by @entity1 . We aimed to assess the impact and sustainability of a multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence to pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The intervention included a standardised nursing response to @entity1 refusal, daily assessment of @entity1211 prophylaxis usage and regular feedback on refusal rates. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental study of @entity1 admitted between January 2010 and November 2012 to one of six hospital intervention units (three medical and three oncology units) or five control units. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1211 prophylaxis doses missed for any reason. RESULTS: A total of 20   208 admissions occurred at the six hospital units during the study period. In the pre-post analysis, the rate of missed and refused doses decreased significantly after the intervention (24.7% to 14.7% and 18.3% to 9.4%, respectively; p value <0.01 for both comparisons). In multiple regression models with interrupted time series analysis, the intervention was associated with an immediate and sustained decrease in missed (adjusted OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.74 and 0.98; 95%CI 0.97 to 0.99) and refused doses (adjusted OR per month 0.58; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.71 and 0.97; 95%CI 0.96 to 0.98). No immediate or sustained reduction in missed or refused doses was observed in the control units. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a multifaceted intervention resulted in an immediate and sustained decrease in the proportion of missed and refused doses of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. Efforts aimed at increasing @entity1 adherence are a promising approach to improve rates of @entity1211 thromboprophylaxis administration.

title: A unit-based intervention aimed at improving XXXX adherence to pharmacological thromboprophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worsening renal function in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 portends a poor prognosis. However, criteria used to define worsening renal function are arbitrary, and the implications of different definitions remain unclear. We therefore compared the prognostic importance of various @entity177 in 1,002 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 population was 49% female, aged 67 +/- 15 years. Twenty-three percent had a prior history of @entity177 , 73% had known depressed ejection fraction, and 63% had known @entity712 . On admission to the hospital, 47% were receiving ACE inhibitors, 22% beta-blockers, 70% diuretics and 6% NAID's. 72% developed increased serum @entity1011 during the hospitalization, with 20% developing an increase of > or = 0.5 mg/dL. Worsening renal function predicted both in-hospital mortality and length of stay > 10 days. Even an increased @entity1011 of 0.1 mg/dL was associated with worse outcome. Sensitivity for @entity204 decreased from 92% to 65% as the threshold for increased @entity1011 was raised from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/dL, with specificity increasing from 28% to 81%. At a threshold of a 0.3 mg/dL increase, sensitivity was 81% and specificity was 62% for @entity204 and 64% and 65% for length of stay >10 days. Adding a requirement of final @entity1011 of > or = 1.5 mg/dL improved specificity. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis demonstrates that any detectable decrease in renal function is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. This suggests that therapeutic interventions which improve renal function might be beneficial.

title: The prognostic importance of different @entity177 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'definitions of worsening renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Worsening renal function in @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 portends a poor prognosis. However, criteria used to define worsening renal function are arbitrary, and the implications of different definitions remain unclear. We therefore compared the prognostic importance of various @entity177 in 1,002 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 population was 49% female, aged 67 +/- 15 years. Twenty-three percent had a prior history of @entity177 , 73% had known depressed ejection fraction, and 63% had known @entity712 . On admission to the hospital, 47% were receiving ACE inhibitors, 22% beta-blockers, 70% diuretics and 6% NAID's. 72% developed increased serum @entity1011 during the hospitalization, with 20% developing an increase of > or = 0.5 mg/dL. Worsening renal function predicted both in-hospital mortality and length of stay > 10 days. Even an increased @entity1011 of 0.1 mg/dL was associated with worse outcome. Sensitivity for @entity204 decreased from 92% to 65% as the threshold for increased @entity1011 was raised from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/dL, with specificity increasing from 28% to 81%. At a threshold of a 0.3 mg/dL increase, sensitivity was 81% and specificity was 62% for @entity204 and 64% and 65% for length of stay >10 days. Adding a requirement of final @entity1011 of > or = 1.5 mg/dL improved specificity. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis demonstrates that any detectable decrease in renal function is associated with increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. This suggests that therapeutic interventions which improve renal function might be beneficial.

title: The prognostic importance of different XXXX in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['definitions of worsening renal function']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In general, chemical plaque agents have been used in mouthwashes, gels, and dentifrices. In some situations, application of mouthwashes and dentifrices can be difficult. Therefore, different approaches for oral health-care have been needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis chewing-gum compared to propolis-containing mouthwash on @entity32 and plaque accumulation on @entity1 that refrained from daily oral hygiene procedures for 5 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 college students with systemically healthy and very good oral hygiene and gingival health were included in this randomized, single-blind, crossover 5-day plaque regrowth with a 3-day washout period clinical study. After plaque scores were reduced to zero, @entity1 were asked to refrain from oral hygiene procedures and allocated to either propolis mouthwash or chewing-gum group. Chewing-gum was performed after meals 3 times a day for 20 min mouthwash group was instructed to rinse mouthwash 2 times a day for 1 min. On day 5, the clinical periodontal measurements containing plaque and gingival indexes were taken from the @entity1 . RESULTS: The both plaque and gingival indexes of propolis mouthwash group were significantly lower than that of the propolis chewing-gum group (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that the propolis mouthwash was more effective than the propolis chewing gum on the plaque inhibition and the @entity32 .

title: The comparative effect of propolis in two different vehicles; mouthwash and chewing-gum on plaque accumulation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['gingival inflammation']


abstract: In 2010, a large outbreak of @entity1902 occurred in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory, Australia. The outbreak occurred 43 months after the introduction of the G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine Rotarix(  ). Forty-three @entity1 were hospitalized during the outbreak and analysis of fecal samples from each @entity1 revealed a G1P[8] rotavirus strain. The outbreak strain was adapted to cell culture and neutralization assays were performed using VP7 and VP4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The outbreak strain exhibited a distinct neutralization resistance pattern compared to the Rotarix(  ) vaccine strain. Whole genome sequencing of the 2010 outbreak virus strain demonstrated numerous @entity3689 differences compared to the Rotarix(  ) vaccine strain in the characterized neutralization epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the outbreak strain revealed a close genetic relationship to global strains, in particular RVA/ @entity1 -wt/BEL/BE0098/2009/G1P[8] and RVA/ @entity1 -wt/BEL/BE00038/2008/G1P[8] for numerous genes. The 2010 outbreak strain was likely introduced from a globally circulating population of strains rather than evolving from an endemic Australian strain. The outbreak strain possessed antigenic differences in the VP7 and VP4 proteins compared to the Rotarix(  ) vaccine strain. The outbreak was associated with moderate vaccine coverage and possibly low vaccine take in the population.

title: Characterization of a G1P[8] rotavirus causing an outbreak of XXXX in the Northern Territory, Australia, in the vaccine era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors other than socioeconomic status that influence participation in @entity5 screening. METHODS: A prospective, questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among all female nurses working at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between November 1 and December 15, 2013. Characteristics assessed included age, knowledge score (0-10, on the basis of 10 true-or-false statements), perceived risk of @entity5 , and health facility use. RESULTS: Among 2000 nurses, 1622 (81.1%) responded. The mean knowledge score was 4.70  1.76. Among 1593 nurses who reported on self-perception of risk, 97 (6.1%) reported high risk, 675 (42.4%) reported low risk, and 821 (51.5%) reported uncertainty. Of the 815 nurses reporting on their history of screening, 344 (42.2%) were screened regularly, 103 (12.6%) underwent opportunistic screening, and 368 (45.2%) had never undergone screening. The likelihood of screening was increased among @entity1 aged 35-49years, those who had recent experience of medical screening, those who had recently had a specialist consultation, or those who had recently had a consultation with a gynecologist (P<0.001 for all). Nurses undergoing regular screening reported positive effects of a doctor's recommendation, husband's encouragement, @entity1 talking about screening, and @entity1 close to the respondent undergoing screening. CONCLUSION: Advocacy and herd signaling positively influenced the @entity5 screening rate.

title: Factors affecting the uptake of XXXX screening among nurses in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: AIM: To validate the @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines risk stratification system based on the combination of eGFR and @entity644 . METHODS: It was a cohort study. A total of 1219 study population were recruited. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and @entity644 measured by using 24 hours urine protein excretion rate (PER) were predictors. Adverse outcomes included all-cause mortality (ACM) and @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Follow-up was done by regular visit, telephone interview and electronic medical records. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 153 (12.6%) and 43 (3.5%) @entity1 experienced @entity454 and ACM, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with eGFR > 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2) was of 29.8 and 3.6 for those with eGFR of 15-29 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) , respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with PER     150 mg/24h) was of 15.9 and 3.9 for those with PER    500 mg/24h. Higher KDIGO guidlines risk categories (indicating lower eGFR or higher @entity644 ) were associated with a graded increase in the risk for the @entity454 (P   0.001) and ACM (P   0.001). Reclassification of KDIGO guidelines risk categories yielded net reclassification improvements for those with @entity454 or ACM event (NRIevents ) of 33.3% or 30.2%. CONCLUSION: Lower eGFR and higher @entity644 are risk factors for @entity454 and ACM in Chinese @entity1 . The KDIGO guidelines risk categorization system assigned @entity1 who went on to have the event to more appropriate CKD risk categories.

title: Validation of chronic XXXX risk categorization system in Chinese @entity1 with @entity8 : a Cohort study.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: AIM: To validate the @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines risk stratification system based on the combination of eGFR and @entity644 . METHODS: It was a cohort study. A total of 1219 study population were recruited. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and @entity644 measured by using 24 hours urine protein excretion rate (PER) were predictors. Adverse outcomes included all-cause mortality (ACM) and @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Follow-up was done by regular visit, telephone interview and electronic medical records. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 153 (12.6%) and 43 (3.5%) @entity1 experienced @entity454 and ACM, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with eGFR > 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2) was of 29.8 and 3.6 for those with eGFR of 15-29 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) , respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with PER     150 mg/24h) was of 15.9 and 3.9 for those with PER    500 mg/24h. Higher KDIGO guidlines risk categories (indicating lower eGFR or higher @entity644 ) were associated with a graded increase in the risk for the @entity454 (P   0.001) and ACM (P   0.001). Reclassification of KDIGO guidelines risk categories yielded net reclassification improvements for those with @entity454 or ACM event (NRIevents ) of 33.3% or 30.2%. CONCLUSION: Lower eGFR and higher @entity644 are risk factors for @entity454 and ACM in Chinese @entity1 . The KDIGO guidelines risk categorization system assigned @entity1 who went on to have the event to more appropriate CKD risk categories.

title: Validation of chronic @entity8 risk categorization system in Chinese @entity1 with XXXX : a Cohort study.

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: AIM: To validate the @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines risk stratification system based on the combination of eGFR and @entity644 . METHODS: It was a cohort study. A total of 1219 study population were recruited. Estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and @entity644 measured by using 24 hours urine protein excretion rate (PER) were predictors. Adverse outcomes included all-cause mortality (ACM) and @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Follow-up was done by regular visit, telephone interview and electronic medical records. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.6 years, 153 (12.6%) and 43 (3.5%) @entity1 experienced @entity454 and ACM, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with eGFR > 60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2) was of 29.8 and 3.6 for those with eGFR of 15-29 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) , respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for @entity454 and ACM (compared with @entity1 with PER     150 mg/24h) was of 15.9 and 3.9 for those with PER    500 mg/24h. Higher KDIGO guidlines risk categories (indicating lower eGFR or higher @entity644 ) were associated with a graded increase in the risk for the @entity454 (P   0.001) and ACM (P   0.001). Reclassification of KDIGO guidelines risk categories yielded net reclassification improvements for those with @entity454 or ACM event (NRIevents ) of 33.3% or 30.2%. CONCLUSION: Lower eGFR and higher @entity644 are risk factors for @entity454 and ACM in Chinese @entity1 . The KDIGO guidelines risk categorization system assigned @entity1 who went on to have the event to more appropriate CKD risk categories.

title: Validation of chronic @entity8 risk categorization system in Chinese XXXX with @entity8 : a Cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2122 tend to carry functional and esthetic consequences for the @entity1 . The complex shapes in this region make such reconstructions a challenging procedure and the most suitable material to be used remains controversial. METHODS: We report a series of 14 @entity1 whose @entity2122 were reconstructed using a computer designed PEEK-PSI ( @entity12316 - @entity1 Specific Implant). We analyzed the complications and outcomes of PEEK custom-made implants and compared our results with those of other case series reported in the current literature. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent craniofacial reconstruction using a PEEK-PSI. Three cases involved a one-step primary reconstruction and the rest of cases underwent a delayed reconstruction. Two cases (14.3 %) presented @entity281 and only in one case was the implant definitively removed. Esthetic results were considered to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION: With CAD-CAM techniques, it is possible to prefabricate an individual implant. The ideal material for reconstructing maxillofacial defects does not exist, but PEEK has demonstrated good outcomes. When autologous bone is not available or, in selected cases with large or complex defects in the maxillofacial area, PEEK is one of the best options to reconstruct these defects. However, further studies are needed to determine the long-term results.

title: XXXX custom-made implants for @entity2122 : Report of 14 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial defects', 'Craniofacial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyetheretherketone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['Polyetheretherketone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2122 tend to carry functional and esthetic consequences for the @entity1 . The complex shapes in this region make such reconstructions a challenging procedure and the most suitable material to be used remains controversial. METHODS: We report a series of 14 @entity1 whose @entity2122 were reconstructed using a computer designed PEEK-PSI ( @entity12316 - @entity1 Specific Implant). We analyzed the complications and outcomes of PEEK custom-made implants and compared our results with those of other case series reported in the current literature. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent craniofacial reconstruction using a PEEK-PSI. Three cases involved a one-step primary reconstruction and the rest of cases underwent a delayed reconstruction. Two cases (14.3 %) presented @entity281 and only in one case was the implant definitively removed. Esthetic results were considered to be highly satisfactory. CONCLUSION: With CAD-CAM techniques, it is possible to prefabricate an individual implant. The ideal material for reconstructing maxillofacial defects does not exist, but PEEK has demonstrated good outcomes. When autologous bone is not available or, in selected cases with large or complex defects in the maxillofacial area, PEEK is one of the best options to reconstruct these defects. However, further studies are needed to determine the long-term results.

title: @entity12316 custom-made implants for XXXX : Report of 14 cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency of @entity281 and seek the main factors influencing their development. METHODS: To augment personal experience (1 case), a questionnaire was sent to 40 international centers of vascular and endovascular surgery. The literature was also reviewed to collect data on @entity281 developing in endovascular grafts. RESULTS: The survey (85% response rate) and literature review identified 62 cases of infected endovascular grafts (0.4% frequency of endograft @entity281 ). In 22 (35%) @entity1 , the @entity281 manifested initially with vague symptoms only, but 41 (65%) @entity1 eventually presented with @entity6177 , groin @entity292 , and septic embolization. Common bacteria, such as @entity794 , were identified as the cause of most @entity281 (54.5%). The majority (49, 79%) of the 62 @entity1 were treated surgically; 11 (17.7%) @entity1 received conservative therapy (no therapeutic data in 2 @entity1 ). Overall mortality was 27.4% (17/62), and operative mortality was 16.3% (8/49). Conservative treatment led to a mortality rate of 36.4% (4/11). The mean follow-up for all @entity1 was 47.8 weeks. Possible factors influencing the development of an @entity281 were secondary adjunctive procedures, immunosuppression, treatment of @entity2849 , and infected central lines. CONCLUSIONS: Infected endovascular grafts are an urgent problem that has been heretofore underestimated and will probably increase as follow-up lengthens. New techniques should be sought to expedite the diagnosis, and an international registry should be set up to provide validated data.

title: Endovascular graft XXXX : preliminary results of an international enquiry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'aortoiliac endovascular graft infections']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false aneurysms']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The number of adults with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is increasing. They are striving for independence and a fulfilling life with focus on career, relationships, education and finances at a time when lung function is likely to be declining and complications of this @entity66 are increasing. Maintaining the quality and improving the duration of life are continuing challenges for the -clinician and the @entity1 . Increased hope and greater expectations have been provided by a number of recent clinical advances and active research into novel treatments, including gene therapy. There has been increased recognition of the necessity for early diagnosis, adequate monitoring and effective intervention for complications such as @entity6 and @entity170 . Research into multi-resistant bacteria and clonal strains of @entity796 is ongoing and attention has focused on infection control policies. Although more high-level evidence is required on many issues confronting @entity1 with @entity1577 , a considerable effort has been made over the last decade to provide a more evidence-based approach to therapy with a number of large controlled clinical trials. For the adult with @entity1577 , there are also more decisions to be made. There is focus on reproductive health, with most couples enjoying the real possibility of having @entity1 . For those with advanced disease, the option for lung transplantation is well established. Maintenance of quality care will require adequate planning, effective transition programmes from paediatric to adult care, specialized training for doctors, nurses and allied health professionals and the allocation of sufficient resources to accommodate the inevitable increase in @entity1 numbers.

title: Adults with XXXX : meeting the challenge!

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-system disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is an @entity146 with unpredictable behaviour. Clinical parameters are not always accurate for prognosis prediction. The integration of molecular markers to prognostic models can significantly improve prognostic assessment and consequently @entity1 management. We assessed the expression of alpha-enolase ( @entity19992 ) protein by immunohistochemistry in 360 @entity1 with primary @entity1358 and correlated its expression with multiple clinicopathological parameters including stage, grade, @entity5 size, disease-free and overall survival. Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for clinicopathological factors were used to test for a link between @entity19992 expression and both disease-free and overall survival. We correlated @entity19992 mRNA expression with overall survival in an independent set of 428 @entity1358 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas. @entity19992 showed cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear staining patterns. There is a  statistically significant negative correlation between @entity19992 expression, @entity5 stage, and grade. @entity19992 expression also shows a statistically significant direct correlation with disease-free survival (p  =  0.011) and overall survival (p  =  0.030) in @entity1358 . @entity1 with higher @entity19992 expression had lower hazard ratio of recurrence, although this was not statistically significant (HR  =  0.330, p  =  0.060). These findings were validated at the mRNA level in an independent set of 428 @entity1358 cases which also showed that low @entity19992 expression is associated with significantly shorter overall survival. Down-regulation of @entity19992 can be a predictor of poor prognosis in @entity1358 , and it can be a potential prognostic marker.

title: Alpha-enolase is a potential prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fixation-related complications of displaced @entity2249 treated by internal fixation are accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre- and postoperative radiographic @entity174 characteristics in relation to @entity1 age and the occurrence of reoperation caused by fixation @entity177 . METHODS: The preoperative radiographs of all @entity1 presenting with a proximal femur @entity174 between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively assessed for @entity174 (AP and lateral view). @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 treated by closed reduction and internal fixation were included. The postoperative radiographs were assessed on adequate @entity174 reduction and correct position of the implant. @entity1 characteristics and outcome in terms of occurrence of fixation @entity177 (implant breakout, non-union) and reoperation rate were recorded. RESULTS: Hundred and-forty-nine @entity1 were admitted with a displaced @entity2249 and treated by internal fixation. Fixation @entity177 was seen in 34 (23  %) @entity1 ; 9 @entity1 suffered from @entity2530 . In total, 37 (25  %) @entity1 underwent reoperation caused by fixation-related complications. Taking the different age categories into account, 44  % of the @entity1  >75  years suffered fixation @entity177 compared with 17  % of the @entity1  <65  years. Postoperative incorrect reduction, with persisting @entity3029 and/or lack of medial support resulted in reoperation in 37  % of the @entity1 , compared to 19  % reoperations in @entity1 with adequate reduction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that @entity1 age and @entity174 reduction are important predictors for reoperation. In the preoperative treatment plan, @entity1 age should be taken into account and surgeons should strive for anatomical reduction. @entity1 over 75 should always undergo arthroplasty. In @entity1 aged 65-75, conversion to arthroplasty should be strongly considered if anatomical reduction is impossible.

title: Radiographic @entity174 features predicting @entity177 of internal fixation of displaced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture type and dislocation', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dorsoventral dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fixation-related complications of displaced @entity2249 treated by internal fixation are accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre- and postoperative radiographic @entity174 characteristics in relation to @entity1 age and the occurrence of reoperation caused by fixation @entity177 . METHODS: The preoperative radiographs of all @entity1 presenting with a proximal femur @entity174 between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively assessed for @entity174 (AP and lateral view). @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 treated by closed reduction and internal fixation were included. The postoperative radiographs were assessed on adequate @entity174 reduction and correct position of the implant. @entity1 characteristics and outcome in terms of occurrence of fixation @entity177 (implant breakout, non-union) and reoperation rate were recorded. RESULTS: Hundred and-forty-nine @entity1 were admitted with a displaced @entity2249 and treated by internal fixation. Fixation @entity177 was seen in 34 (23  %) @entity1 ; 9 @entity1 suffered from @entity2530 . In total, 37 (25  %) @entity1 underwent reoperation caused by fixation-related complications. Taking the different age categories into account, 44  % of the @entity1  >75  years suffered fixation @entity177 compared with 17  % of the @entity1  <65  years. Postoperative incorrect reduction, with persisting @entity3029 and/or lack of medial support resulted in reoperation in 37  % of the @entity1 , compared to 19  % reoperations in @entity1 with adequate reduction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that @entity1 age and @entity174 reduction are important predictors for reoperation. In the preoperative treatment plan, @entity1 age should be taken into account and surgeons should strive for anatomical reduction. @entity1 over 75 should always undergo arthroplasty. In @entity1 aged 65-75, conversion to arthroplasty should be strongly considered if anatomical reduction is impossible.

title: Radiographic XXXX features predicting @entity177 of internal fixation of displaced @entity2249 .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Fixation-related complications of displaced @entity2249 treated by internal fixation are accompanied by high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the pre- and postoperative radiographic @entity174 characteristics in relation to @entity1 age and the occurrence of reoperation caused by fixation @entity177 . METHODS: The preoperative radiographs of all @entity1 presenting with a proximal femur @entity174 between January 2004 and December 2012 were retrospectively assessed for @entity174 (AP and lateral view). @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 treated by closed reduction and internal fixation were included. The postoperative radiographs were assessed on adequate @entity174 reduction and correct position of the implant. @entity1 characteristics and outcome in terms of occurrence of fixation @entity177 (implant breakout, non-union) and reoperation rate were recorded. RESULTS: Hundred and-forty-nine @entity1 were admitted with a displaced @entity2249 and treated by internal fixation. Fixation @entity177 was seen in 34 (23  %) @entity1 ; 9 @entity1 suffered from @entity2530 . In total, 37 (25  %) @entity1 underwent reoperation caused by fixation-related complications. Taking the different age categories into account, 44  % of the @entity1  >75  years suffered fixation @entity177 compared with 17  % of the @entity1  <65  years. Postoperative incorrect reduction, with persisting @entity3029 and/or lack of medial support resulted in reoperation in 37  % of the @entity1 , compared to 19  % reoperations in @entity1 with adequate reduction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that @entity1 age and @entity174 reduction are important predictors for reoperation. In the preoperative treatment plan, @entity1 age should be taken into account and surgeons should strive for anatomical reduction. @entity1 over 75 should always undergo arthroplasty. In @entity1 aged 65-75, conversion to arthroplasty should be strongly considered if anatomical reduction is impossible.

title: Radiographic @entity174 features predicting XXXX of internal fixation of displaced @entity2249 .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Injuries to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis are frequent and continue to generate controversy. METHODS: The majority of purely ligamentous @entity130 ("high @entity3681 ") is not sassociated with a latent or frank tibiofibular @entity6877 and may be treated with an extended protocol of physical therapy. Relevant instability of the syndesmosis with @entity6877 results from rupture of two or more ligaments that require surgical stabilization. Syndesmosis disruptions are commonly associated with bony @entity155 or @entity174 . Treatment consists in anatomic reduction of the distal fibula into the corresponding incisura of the distal tibia and stable fixation. Proposed means of fixation are refixation of bony syndesmotic @entity155 , one or two tibiofibular screws and suture button. There is no consensus on how long to maintain fixation. Both syndesmotic screws and suture buttons need to be removed if symptomatic. RESULTS/COMPLICATIONS: The most frequent complication is syndesmotic malreduction and may be minimized with open reduction and intraoperative 3D scanning. Other complications include @entity177 , @entity2736 , tibiofibular @entity8213 , chronic instability and posttraumatic @entity625 . CONCLUSION: The single most important prognostic factor is anatomic reduction of the distal fibula into the tibial incisura.

title: An update on the evaluation and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['hardware failure']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsions']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['syndesmotic injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The current management of open pneumothorax (OPTX) is based on Advanced @entity130 Life Support (ATLS) recommendations and consists of the application of a three-way occlusive dressing, followed by intercostal chest drain insertion. Very little is known regarding the spectrum and outcome of this approach, especially in the civilian setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 58 consecutive @entity1 with OPTX over a four-year period managed in a high volume metropolitan trauma service in South Africa. RESULTS: Of the 58 @entity1 included, 95  % (55/58) were male, and the mean age for all @entity1 was 21  years. Ninety-seven percent of all @entity130 were inflicted by knives and the remaining 3  % (2/58) of @entity130 were inflicted by unknown weapons. 59  % of @entity130 were left sided. In six @entity1 (10  %) a protocol violation was present in their management. Five of the six @entity1 (83  %) in whom protocol violation occurred developed a life-threatening event (tension @entity4045 ) compared to none amongst those where the protocol was followed (p  <  0.001). There was no mortality as a direct result of management of OPTX following ATLS recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: ATLS recommendations for OPTX are safe and effective. Any deviation from this standard practice is associated with avoidable morbidity and potential mortality.

title: Open pneumothorax: the spectrum and outcome of management based on Advanced XXXX Life Support recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway smooth muscle infiltration by mast cells is a feature of @entity565 and not @entity1712 . In @entity565 , Th2 cytokines have been implicated as playing a critical role in the development of airway @entity32 and hyper-responsiveness. Whether inflammatory cells within the airway smooth muscle release these cytokines is unknown. METHODS: We have undertaken a comparative immunohistochemical study in bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with @entity565 , 10 with @entity1712 and eight normal controls recruited from two centres. RESULTS: The median number of @entity3646 + cells/mm2 smooth muscle was significantly higher in subjects with @entity565 than @entity1712 and normal controls for both the anti- @entity3646 mAb 3H4 (2.4, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.001) and anti- @entity3646 mAb 4D9 (1.6, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.02). There were no group differences in the number of @entity225 + cells (P=0.31). In six subjects with @entity565 , @entity4047 expression by cells within the airway smooth muscle was studied. The median (range) of @entity4047 +cells was 2 (0.9-2.7). Ninety-four percent of the cells expressing @entity3646 (3H4), 92% of those expressing @entity3646 (4D9) and 100% expressing @entity4047 in the airway smooth muscle were mast cells. Fifty-five percent of the mast cells within the airway smooth muscle co-localized to @entity3646 (3H4), 29% to @entity3646 (4D9) and 17% to @entity4047 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity565 , @entity42482 + cells were present within the airway smooth muscle and were expressed predominantly by mast cells, suggesting that @entity3646 and @entity4047 may play an important role in mast cell-airway smooth muscle interactions.

title: XXXX expression is co-localized to mast cells within the airway smooth muscle in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity42482 :: (3565;3596,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4 and -13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway smooth muscle infiltration by mast cells is a feature of @entity565 and not @entity1712 . In @entity565 , Th2 cytokines have been implicated as playing a critical role in the development of airway @entity32 and hyper-responsiveness. Whether inflammatory cells within the airway smooth muscle release these cytokines is unknown. METHODS: We have undertaken a comparative immunohistochemical study in bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with @entity565 , 10 with @entity1712 and eight normal controls recruited from two centres. RESULTS: The median number of @entity3646 + cells/mm2 smooth muscle was significantly higher in subjects with @entity565 than @entity1712 and normal controls for both the anti- @entity3646 mAb 3H4 (2.4, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.001) and anti- @entity3646 mAb 4D9 (1.6, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.02). There were no group differences in the number of @entity225 + cells (P=0.31). In six subjects with @entity565 , @entity4047 expression by cells within the airway smooth muscle was studied. The median (range) of @entity4047 +cells was 2 (0.9-2.7). Ninety-four percent of the cells expressing @entity3646 (3H4), 92% of those expressing @entity3646 (4D9) and 100% expressing @entity4047 in the airway smooth muscle were mast cells. Fifty-five percent of the mast cells within the airway smooth muscle co-localized to @entity3646 (3H4), 29% to @entity3646 (4D9) and 17% to @entity4047 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity565 , @entity42482 + cells were present within the airway smooth muscle and were expressed predominantly by mast cells, suggesting that @entity3646 and @entity4047 may play an important role in mast cell-airway smooth muscle interactions.

title: @entity42482 expression is co-localized to mast cells within the airway smooth muscle in XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose @entity1259 (HDEPI), alone or in combination with @entity900 (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, @entity1206 (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . On these grounds, advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 @entity1 entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 @entity1 (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine @entity1 had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three @entity1 received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 @entity1 who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major @entity137 due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were @entity1398 (72%) and @entity1665 (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was seen in 36% of @entity1 . The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to @entity137 . Symptoms such as cough, @entity1353 , and @entity158 , present in 21 @entity1 before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one @entity1 is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in @entity1149 and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced @entity1149 : three cycles of high-dose XXXX plus @entity900 followed by weekly @entity1206 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose @entity1259 (HDEPI), alone or in combination with @entity900 (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, @entity1206 (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . On these grounds, advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 @entity1 entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 @entity1 (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine @entity1 had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three @entity1 received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 @entity1 who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major @entity137 due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were @entity1398 (72%) and @entity1665 (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was seen in 36% of @entity1 . The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to @entity137 . Symptoms such as cough, @entity1353 , and @entity158 , present in 21 @entity1 before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one @entity1 is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in @entity1149 and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced XXXX : three cycles of high-dose @entity1259 plus @entity900 followed by weekly @entity1206 .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose @entity1259 (HDEPI), alone or in combination with @entity900 (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, @entity1206 (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . On these grounds, advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 @entity1 entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 @entity1 (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine @entity1 had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three @entity1 received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 @entity1 who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major @entity137 due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were @entity1398 (72%) and @entity1665 (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was seen in 36% of @entity1 . The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to @entity137 . Symptoms such as cough, @entity1353 , and @entity158 , present in 21 @entity1 before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one @entity1 is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in @entity1149 and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced @entity1149 : three cycles of high-dose @entity1259 plus @entity900 followed by weekly XXXX .

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose @entity1259 (HDEPI), alone or in combination with @entity900 (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, @entity1206 (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . On these grounds, advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 @entity1 entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 @entity1 (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine @entity1 had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three @entity1 received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 @entity1 who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major @entity137 due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were @entity1398 (72%) and @entity1665 (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was seen in 36% of @entity1 . The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to @entity137 . Symptoms such as cough, @entity1353 , and @entity158 , present in 21 @entity1 before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one @entity1 is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in @entity1149 and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced @entity1149 : three cycles of high-dose @entity1259 plus XXXX followed by weekly @entity1206 .

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity23054 ( @entity33270 ) mimics the membrane environments as it simulates the hydrophobic environment and better stabilizes the secondary structures in peptides owing to its hydrophobicity and @entity3884 bond-forming properties. Its dielectric constant approximates that of the interior of proteins and is one-third of that of water. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a biological transporter. The effect of @entity33270 on HSA gives the clue about the conformational changes taking place in HSA on transport of ligands across the biological membranes. At 25% (v/v) and 60% (v/v) @entity33270 , HSA exhibits non-native b-sheet, altered @entity6635 fluorescence, exposed hydrophobic clusters, increased @entity7732 fluorescence and prominent red shifted Congo red absorbance, and large hydrodynamic radii suggesting the aggregate formation. Isothermal titration calorimetric results indicate weak binding of @entity33270 and HSA. This suggests that solvent-mediated effects dominate the interaction of @entity33270 and HSA. TEM confirmed prefibrillar at 25% (v/v) and fibrillar aggregates at 60% (v/v) @entity33270 . Comet assay of prefibrillar aggregates showed DNA damage causing cell @entity39 hence confirming cytotoxic nature. On increasing concentration of @entity33270 to 80% (v/v), HSA showed retention of native-like secondary structure, increased Trp and ANS fluorescence, a transition from b-sheet to a-helix. Thus, @entity33270 at high concentration possess anti- aggregating potency.

title: Anesthetic XXXX induces amyloidogenesis and cytotoxicity in human serum albumin.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['Trifluoroethanol']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin T']

answer: @entity23054 :: (MESH:D014270,Chemical) :: ['2,2,2-trifluoroethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are the preferred treatment for @entity453 , even though the development of in-stent restenosis (ISR) continues to be an important complication. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is indicative of the inflammatory process and can predict the short- and long-term prognosis of @entity65 . We investigated the relationship between ISR development and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in @entity75 in stable @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the clinical and angiographic data of 181 consecutive stable @entity453 @entity1 who had undergone successful PCI to the true bifurcation lesion from January 2010-December 2012. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the development of ISR (group 1, ISR -; group 2, ISR +). RESULTS: NLRafter (p < 0.001) and NLR   (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in group 2. NLR   was found to be significant independent predictor of ISR in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. A NLR   level > 0.58 mg/dL had 81.8% sensitivity and 93.5% specificity for the prediction of ISR, as identified by the ROC curve. A NLRafter level > 3.43 predicted ISR with 45.5% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity. The comparison of ROC curve analysis demonstrated that NLR   was the strongest independent predictor of ISR (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As a result, although drug eluting stent implantation is known to be recommended in the bifurcation lesion PCI in worldwide, we want to emphasize the usage of the NLR values in the prediction of ISR. So, we think that NLR   levels may be a useful marker for the prediction of ISR in @entity1 who undergo bifurcation PCI.

title: Use of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for prediction of in-stent restenosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bifurcation lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['bifurcation lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an @entity792 with a great clinical polymorphism. Wide variety of genetic, hormonal, immunological and environmental contributes to release the disease. Our objective was to describe and precise the epidemiological, clinical and immunological profile of this disease in Tunisia. METHOD: It is a retrospective study conducted by the Tunisian society of internal medicine during the period from January 1990 to December 1999. All @entity1 fulfilled at least four of the revised American @entity627 Association's criteria for @entity1252 . RESULTS: Two hundred and ninety-five @entity1252 have been examined (271 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 ). The most frequent clinical manifestations were: articular 90%, @entity1910 62%, photosensitivity 46%, seritis 32% and @entity631 56%, dominated by WHO class III and IV: 60 cases (renal biopsy was performed in 95 @entity1 ). Neurological features were observed in 14.5%. The abnormal laboratory findings were leucocytopenia 45%, @entity2905 47%, @entity882 16% and @entity5714 in 6.7%. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-ds DNA and anti-Sm were at 92%, 74% and 57%, respectively. Eighty-three percent of @entity1 were treated by @entity230 , and in 52 cases (18%), we added immunosuppressive drugs. Two hundred and eighteen @entity1 were followed up with a mean follow-up duration of 51 months. Twenty-eight percent were in complete remission and in 60%, the @entity1252 was active. In contrast, @entity204 occurred in 29 cases. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the clinical polymorphism of @entity1252 , the great similarity with other studies apart the world, the gravity of renal and cardiac features and the infectious complications induced by @entity288 .

title: [ XXXX in Tunisia. A multicentric study. About 295 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']