abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1341 , an @entity6346 type long-acting local anaesthetic is commonly employed for epidural anesthesia and as well for nerve blockades. However, studies have shown @entity2359 following local administration of @entity1341 raising concerns over the use of the drug. Compounds that could minimize or inhibit toxic effects of @entity1341 are of high value in operative settings and in @entity158 management. The present study aims to investigate if @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) could inhibit or prevent @entity1341 @entity137 in @entity521 cells (N2a and SH-SY5Y). The viability of N2a and SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to @entity3090 (10-50   M) were assessed by @entity98 assay and @entity4404 /PI staining. The influence of @entity3090 on ROS generation was determined. The expression of apoptotic cascade proteins ( @entity15418 , @entity1836 , @entity1835 , @entity589 , @entity588 ) and @entity584 ( @entity584 , p- @entity584 , @entity9459 , p- @entity9459 , @entity983 ) were analyzed by western blotting. @entity3090 improved the viability of the cells and inhibited apoptosis by potentially decreasing the expression of caspases and pro-apoptotic proteins. @entity1341 induced ROS generations were reduced on @entity3090 exposure. @entity3090 significantly promoted the phosphorylation of @entity584 and @entity9459 and down-regulated @entity983 , thus activating @entity13959 / @entity584 signalling. @entity3090 effectively improved the cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of N2a and SH-SY5Y cells via suppression of ROS generation and modulation of PI3K/ @entity584 signalling cascade.

title: Neuroprotection by @entity3089 against @entity1341 anesthesia induced @entity137 involves modulation of @entity13959 / XXXX / @entity983 signalling in N2a and SH-SY5Y cells.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) aids in predicting the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), but R-IPI yields no significant differences in assessing different subtypes of @entity1892 . It is necessary to identify @entity1 with a high-risk of @entity1892 and alternative therapy should be delivered as early as possible. METHODS: In total, 144 @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity1892 including 63 @entity1892 and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) (CD14(+)HLA(-)DR(low/-)) were detected by flow cytometry and the percentage of monocytes (M  ) was evaluated by completed blood count (CBC). The correlation between M-MDSC% and M  % was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, significant increase was observed in M-MDSC% and M  % in @entity1892 @entity1 (both P<0.001). Significant difference of M-MDSC% was found between GCB- @entity1892 and non-GCB- @entity1892 @entity1 in both poor (P<0.001) and very good groups (P=0.03), whereas no statistical significance in the good group (P>0.05). The M  % in non-GCB- @entity1892 @entity1 was significantly higher than that in GCB- @entity1892 counterparts merely in the poor group (P<0.001). Positive correlation was noted between M  % and M-MDSC in all @entity1892 @entity1 rather than in healthy controls (r=0.227 P=0.229). CONCLUSION: The percentage of peripheral M   was positively correlated with M-MDSC% in @entity1 with different subtypes and risks of @entity1892 . Peripheral M  % and M-MDSC% combined with R-IPI score may be useful for predicting the prognosis of @entity1 newly-diagnosed with @entity1892 .

title: Prognostic significance of peripheral monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and monocytes in XXXX newly diagnosed with diffuse large b-cell lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'GCB-DLBCL and 81 non-GCB-DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Peristomal wound @entity281 are common complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The Funada-style gastropexy device has two parallel needles with a wire loop and suture thread, and was developed about 20 years ago in Japan. This kit has allowed us to perform dual gastropexy very easily; PEG with gastropexy has become a very popular technique in Japan. The present study aimed to compare the advantages and disadvantages of PEG with the gastropexy technique with the standard 'pull' method. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 182 consecutive, non-randomized @entity1 undergoing PEG in our hospital, and a comparative analysis was made between the gastropexy (87 @entity1 ) and non-gastropexy (95 @entity1 ) groups. RESULTS: The rates of @entity1 having erythema (11.6% vs. 47.9%; P   <   0.001), exudates (2.3% vs. 14.9%; P   <   0.01) and @entity281 (0% vs. 6.4%; P   =   0.01) in the peristomal area were lower in the gastropexy than in the non-gastropexy group. The rate of minor @entity548 from the peristomal area was higher in the gastropexy than in the non-gastropexy group (12.8% vs. 2.1%; P   <   0.01), but no @entity1 required a blood transfusion. Mean procedure time was longer in the gastropexy group than in the non-gastropexy group (31 vs. 24   min; P   <   0.001). The 30-day mortality rates were 4.7% and 5.3% respectively, and these deaths were not related to the gastrostomy procedure. CONCLUSION: PEG with gastropexy markedly reduces peristomal @entity32 . Although minor @entity548 and a longer procedure time were disadvantages, there were no severe complications. The findings suggested that PEG with Funada-style gastropexy was a safe and feasible method for reducing early complications of PEG.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with Funada-style gastropexy greatly reduces the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['peristomal infection']


abstract: Commercially available Ringer's lactate solution has a pH of approximately 6.5. In a situation such as shock, which is normally accompanied by a @entity520 , this additional acid load could have an adverse effect on resuscitation when massive amounts of fluid are required. We prepared a similar solution with a pH of 7.4 and compared the two solutions. Fourteen @entity235 were shocked according to a Wiggers' @entity548 model. Six @entity235 (43%) died during shock, 8 @entity235 survived the model, 4 were resuscitated over a 150-minute observation period to a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 8-12 mmHg with Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4. The cardiac output, @entity880 levels, amount of fluid required to maintain the PCWP, and arterial and mixed venous pH were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. No significant differences were found except for occasionally higher arterial pH values in the group treated with Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4. There was no difference between the groups in any measurement at the end of the observation period or in survival. All @entity235 died within 12 hours of the end of the shock period. Our data indicate that the somewhat acidic pH of standard Ringer's lactate does not adversely affect the adequacy of resuscitation. There is no advantage to using Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4.

title: The effect of pH of resuscitative fluids in treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: There is a high incidence of @entity2348 in @entity1 after @entity130 or @entity548 . Since circulating white blood cells (WBC) are a vital component of host defense mechanisms, we examined leukocyte responses in @entity235 @entity548 . Twenty adult mongrel @entity235 were anesthetized with 28.6 mg/kg of IV @entity4485 . Arterial and venous cannulas were inserted, and after baseline hemodynamic and blood determinations the @entity235 were rapidly bled into a reservoir to a mean arterial pressure of 45 +/- 3 mmHg. The animals were maintained at this pressure for one hour and then resuscitated with twice the volume of shed blood over two hours using Ringer's @entity880 solution. Serial WBC counts after shock were compared to baseline values using Student's t test. In the first few hours after @entity548 the total WBC count falls, while the neutrophil population rises significantly. During the first week following shock and resuscitation, the leukocyte count remains elevated due to a persistent increase in the neutrophil population. The lymphocyte count remains @entity308 . Therefore, changes in the number of WBC after @entity235 @entity548 do not favor the development of @entity2348 , because the neutrophil count remains elevated. Whether or not neutrophil function is adequate remains to be determined.

title: The natural leukocyte response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'bacterial sepsis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and complications of @entity1 with @entity11533 ( @entity11533 ) in our local Chinese population. @entity1 with @entity11533 attending our hospital from 2008 to 2011 were identified and followed up. Their clinical and laboratory features at presentation, as well as their disease progression, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and compared with other reported series. A total of 75 @entity1 with @entity11533 were identified. Forty-four were female. Thirty-nine had disease onset between 16 and 35 years of age. The most common presenting features were @entity221 (96%), @entity625 (57.33%), @entity1910 (78.67%), and sore throat (49.3%). The acute phase response was marked in most @entity1 , with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (77.05%) and @entity1851 levels (84.06%). @entity6737 was present in 74.14% of cases, and serum ferritin (SF) levels declined after treatment in most cases. @entity409 were usually transient, but were more severe in 5 @entity1 . Most @entity1 (92%) required corticosteroid therapy; of these, 33.3% also received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or immunosuppressive drugs. Sixty-four and 45.33% @entity1 with @entity11533 achieved partial and complete remission, respectively, after 2 weeks of treatment, and 92% and 74.67%, respectively, after 1 month. The cumulative relapse rate was 45.3%. @entity1 with @entity11533 had complex symptoms with no specific laboratory findings. Reduced SF levels after treatment and @entity409 may be used to follow treatment outcome.

title: Clinical features and prognosis of XXXX : 75 cases from China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["adult onset Still's disease", 'AOSD']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6737 :: ('MESH:C538137', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperferritinemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver abnormalities', 'liver abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['adult-onset Still's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of age on the neuromuscular blocking effect of @entity2897 . METHODS: 90 @entity1 with ASA I and II were assigned to the following groups according to their age: adults, @entity1 , and @entity1 . Each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to the first dose of @entity2897 . @entity1 were administrated at a first dose of @entity2897 randomly, and their responses to @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) stimulation were observed. When the same degree of the first response (T1) continuously repeats three times, the percentage of T1 inhibition was recorded, and the curve of dose-effect relationship and ED95 were calculated. A second dose of @entity2897 was then administrated (total volume 100  g/kg). The recovery phase in each @entity1 was observed upon T1 reaching the maximum blocking effect (100%). RESULTS: Once the maximum blocking effect was reached, @entity1 were intubated. There were 83 cases (92.2%) of @entity1 with grade 1 and 7 (7.8%) @entity1 with grade 2 intubating conditions. ED95 was 59.29, 55.88 and 45.39  g/kg in adults, @entity1 , and @entity1 , respectively. ED95 positively correlated with age. The clinical duration of @entity4094 , effective action duration of @entity4094 , and in vivo action duration of @entity4094 in adults was longer than that in @entity1 (P<0.05), but shorter than in @entity1 (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the recovery index among groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Age influences the neuromuscular blocking effects of @entity2897 to a certain extent.

title: Age and the neuromuscular blockading effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['cisatracurium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the pathogenesis and characteristics and to assess the long-term effectiveness of polymethylmethacry late (PMMA) vertebroplasty treatment in @entity1 with intravertebral cleft (IVC) in @entity3814 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of radiological and clinical parameters was performed on 388 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty to treat @entity3814 from January 2010 to October 2012. IVC sign was observed in the MRI of 47 @entity1 . Postoperative follow-ups were conducted for at least 2 years after surgery. RESULTS: IVC incidence was associated with older age and lower bone mineral density. Other baseline measurements, such as preoperative visual analogue scale and @entity717 Index (ODI), showed no significant difference between IVC and non-IVC @entity174 @entity1 . Vertebral height and kyphotic angle were corrected after percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty with no significant difference in outcome between the two procedures. Restored vertebral height collapsed and the kyphotic angle became aggravated during the 2 years following surgery in @entity1 with IVC. Similarly, initial improvements in visual analogue scale and ODI decreased over time. Non-IVC @entity1 ' had a slight recurrence of compression and @entity1513 that began to normalize after 1 year. Visual analogue scale and ODI at 2 years' post-surgery was also significantly lower in non-IVC than IVC @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty treatment of @entity3814 is initially effective for @entity1 with signs of IVC, but compression and @entity1513 gradually reoccur. Therefore, we strongly recommend strict observation and follow-up after vertebroplasty.

title: Intravertebral clefts in XXXX of the spine: incidence, characteristics, and therapeutic efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic compression fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate the presence of chromosome 1p/19q deletion with the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 status in @entity5 , and to explore molecular markers for predicting @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 75 @entity5 (38 @entity3271 and 37 @entity816 ). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to detect 1p/19q deletion. RESULTS: Deletion of chromosome 1p and/or 19q was detected in 37 cases (37/75, 49.3%), among which co-deletion of 1p and 19q was seen in 34 cases (closely correlated, P < 0.01). @entity3271 WHOIIhad a slightly higher deletion rate than @entity3271 WHO III, although without statistical significance. @entity3271 had a significantly higher deletion rate of chromosome 1p/19q than @entity816 WHO II and WHO III (P < 0.05). While combined loss of 1p/19q was always detected in @entity3271 when FISH was positive, isolated 1p or 19q deletion was only found in @entity816 . The expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 was detected in 51 of 75 cases (68.0%), in which @entity3271 had a higher positive rate than @entity816 . Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein and the presence of combined 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was observed between the expression of @entity28485 mutant protein and 1p/19q LOH.Expression of 132H mutant @entity818 protein is the potential biomarker for predicating the presence of 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 .

title: [Correlation of chromosome 1p and 19q status and expression of @entity28485 mutant XXXX protein in @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['chemosensitivity of oligodendroglial tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'Oligodendrogliomas WHO IIand WHO III', 'Oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity818 :: (3417,Gene) :: ['IDH1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate the presence of chromosome 1p/19q deletion with the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 status in @entity5 , and to explore molecular markers for predicting @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 75 @entity5 (38 @entity3271 and 37 @entity816 ). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to detect 1p/19q deletion. RESULTS: Deletion of chromosome 1p and/or 19q was detected in 37 cases (37/75, 49.3%), among which co-deletion of 1p and 19q was seen in 34 cases (closely correlated, P < 0.01). @entity3271 WHOIIhad a slightly higher deletion rate than @entity3271 WHO III, although without statistical significance. @entity3271 had a significantly higher deletion rate of chromosome 1p/19q than @entity816 WHO II and WHO III (P < 0.05). While combined loss of 1p/19q was always detected in @entity3271 when FISH was positive, isolated 1p or 19q deletion was only found in @entity816 . The expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 was detected in 51 of 75 cases (68.0%), in which @entity3271 had a higher positive rate than @entity816 . Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein and the presence of combined 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was observed between the expression of @entity28485 mutant protein and 1p/19q LOH.Expression of 132H mutant @entity818 protein is the potential biomarker for predicating the presence of 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 .

title: [Correlation of chromosome 1p and 19q status and expression of XXXX mutant @entity818 protein in @entity5 ].

answer: @entity28485 :: (p|SUB|R|132|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['R132H']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate the presence of chromosome 1p/19q deletion with the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 status in @entity5 , and to explore molecular markers for predicting @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 75 @entity5 (38 @entity3271 and 37 @entity816 ). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to detect 1p/19q deletion. RESULTS: Deletion of chromosome 1p and/or 19q was detected in 37 cases (37/75, 49.3%), among which co-deletion of 1p and 19q was seen in 34 cases (closely correlated, P < 0.01). @entity3271 WHOIIhad a slightly higher deletion rate than @entity3271 WHO III, although without statistical significance. @entity3271 had a significantly higher deletion rate of chromosome 1p/19q than @entity816 WHO II and WHO III (P < 0.05). While combined loss of 1p/19q was always detected in @entity3271 when FISH was positive, isolated 1p or 19q deletion was only found in @entity816 . The expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 was detected in 51 of 75 cases (68.0%), in which @entity3271 had a higher positive rate than @entity816 . Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein and the presence of combined 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A significant correlation was observed between the expression of @entity28485 mutant protein and 1p/19q LOH.Expression of 132H mutant @entity818 protein is the potential biomarker for predicating the presence of 1p/19q deletion in @entity3271 .

title: [Correlation of chromosome 1p and 19q status and expression of @entity28485 mutant @entity818 protein in XXXX ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglial tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Coexistence of @entity6436 ( @entity6436 ) and @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) is extremely rare. The purpose of this article is to analyze the clinical features, image findings, and therapeutic outcomes of concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed clinical records of 3 Chinese @entity1 with concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 were reviewed, including their clinical history, symptoms and signs, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and @entity479 therapy. RESULTS: Among the 3 @entity1 , were 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 42, 49, and 48 years, respectively. The right orbit was involved in 1 @entity1 and both orbits in 2 @entity1 . In addition to showing the typical features of @entity6875 , such as @entity1378 , upper eyelid retraction, and enlarged extraocular muscles with tendon sparing, all 3 @entity1 showed ambiguous soft tissue masses in one or both orbits. Pathologic examination after biopsy of the mass in 1 @entity1 confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic @entity6436 . All the @entity1 responded extremely well to @entity479 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, a simultaneous coexistence of @entity6436 and @entity6875 can occur. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential for concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 .

title: Concomitant XXXX and @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor', 'IOIP']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['TAO', 'thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Coexistence of @entity6436 ( @entity6436 ) and @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) is extremely rare. The purpose of this article is to analyze the clinical features, image findings, and therapeutic outcomes of concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed clinical records of 3 Chinese @entity1 with concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 were reviewed, including their clinical history, symptoms and signs, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and @entity479 therapy. RESULTS: Among the 3 @entity1 , were 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 42, 49, and 48 years, respectively. The right orbit was involved in 1 @entity1 and both orbits in 2 @entity1 . In addition to showing the typical features of @entity6875 , such as @entity1378 , upper eyelid retraction, and enlarged extraocular muscles with tendon sparing, all 3 @entity1 showed ambiguous soft tissue masses in one or both orbits. Pathologic examination after biopsy of the mass in 1 @entity1 confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic @entity6436 . All the @entity1 responded extremely well to @entity479 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, a simultaneous coexistence of @entity6436 and @entity6875 can occur. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential for concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 .

title: Concomitant @entity6436 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy']


abstract: @entity1547 is considered a disease of high prevalence and a constant problem in public health. @entity16377 ( @entity6559 ) are substances that have been the target of recent studies aiming to control or treat caries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment with @entity2722 , under cariogenic challenge, to minimize or even prevent the onset of caries in the enamel and dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blocks of enamel and dentin (6.0x6.0 mm) were obtained from @entity291 central incisors, polished, and selected by analysis of surface microhardness (SH). The blocks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15), according to the following treatments: GC (control), @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ), GF ( @entity1388 - 1,000 ppm). The blocks were subjected to 6 daily pH cycles for 8 days. Within the daily cycling, the specimens were stored in buffered solution. The blocks were then analyzed for perpendicular and surface hardness and polarized light microscopy. RESULTS: The means were subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (p<0.05). For enamel SH, GF showed the highest hardness values. In the dentin, GF was also the one that showed higher hardness values, followed by @entity2722 . Regarding the cross-sectional hardness values, all groups behaved similarly in both the enamel and dentin. The samples that were treated with @entity2722 and @entity1388 (GF) showed statistically higher values than the control. CONCLUSION: Based on the data obtained in this in vitro study, it is suggested that @entity2722 inhibits demineralization of artificial @entity1547 in both the enamel and dentin, but in a different scale in each structure and in a smaller scale when compared to @entity1388 .

title: Effectiveness of plant-derived XXXX on demineralization on enamel and dentin under artificial cariogenic challenge.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['Proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['grape seed extract', 'GSE']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions', 'Dental caries']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity16377 :: (MESH:D044945,Chemical) :: ['proanthocyanidins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, in retrospective studies, favourable short- and long-term outcomes for @entity1 after lung lobectomy for early stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) have been reported. However, the interpretation of lung lobectomy outcomes may be biased in retrospective settings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who underwent lung lobectomy for cT1-2N0M0 @entity1149 from 2001 to 2010. The outcomes of @entity1 who underwent VATS lobectomy were compared to those who underwent open lobectomy before and after performing propensity score matching. Preoperative covariates were entered when developing the propensity score-matching model. RESULTS: This study reviewed the outcomes of 101 VATS @entity1 and 184 open lobectomy @entity1 . Before propensity score matching, the VATS group had a higher mean age (p  <  0.0001), smaller solid @entity5 size (p  =  0.0042), similar whole @entity5 size (p  =  0.2082), and larger @entity5 -disappearance ratio (p  =  0.0007). The VATS group had a shorter mean operation time (p  =  0.0002), less @entity190 (p  <  0.0001), shorter @entity764 (p  =  0.0002), and shorter hospital stay (p  <  0.0001). As for long-term outcomes, the VATS group had higher disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival rates (p values by log-rank test: 0.0049, 0.0154, and 0.032, respectively). After propensity score matching, all differences, except operation time, @entity190 , @entity764 , and hospital stay, were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: VATS lobectomy is less invasive than open lobectomy, but in terms of survival outcomes, VATS lobectomy was oncologically equivalent to open lobectomy. The oncological benefit of VATS reported by retrospective studies might be overestimated.

title: Long-Term Outcomes of Open and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Lobectomy for the Treatment of Early Stage XXXX are Similar: A Propensity-Matched Study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest tube duration']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with penetrating wounds to the neck present with overt symptoms and/or signs or are asymptomatic or modestly/moderately symptomatic. With overt symptoms and/or signs, immediate resuscitation and an emergency operation are appropriate. Asymptomatic @entity1 or those with modest or moderate symptoms and/or signs undergo observation or a diagnostic evaluation to avoid the 45  % "negative" exploration rate documented in the past (denominator  =  all @entity1 ). Asymptomatic @entity1 with penetration of the platysma muscle, but no signs of a @entity1317 , should undergo serial physical examinations every 6-8 for 24-36  h before discharge. Noncontrast CT does not add to the accuracy of serial physical examinations. In stable @entity1 with a variety of modest/moderate symptoms or signs possibly related to an @entity1914 , CT-arteriography has become the diagnostic modality of choice. @entity1 with possible @entity130 to the cervical esophagus are often still evaluated with a Gastrografin swallow and, if needed, a "thin" barium swallow prior to fiberoptic esophagoscopy. CT-esophagograms are likely to replace these time-honored studies in the near future. Over 85  % of @entity1 with @entity130 to the @entity825 present with overt symptoms or signs, while the remainder have historically been evaluated with laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Again, cervical multislice CT is likely to replace these studies. Operative repair of the carotid artery with 6-0 @entity7502 sutures requires heparinization and shunting on rare occasions. Both the @entity825 and esophagus are repaired with 3-0 absorbable sutures, and tracheostomy and esophageal diversion are used in only large and/or complex @entity130 . Sternal head or sternocleiodomastoid interposition flaps are used when combined visceral and @entity1317 are present.

title: Penetrating Cervical @entity130 : "Current Concepts in Penetrating XXXX ", IATSIC Symposium, International Surgical Society, Helsinki, Finland, August 25-29, 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries', 'visceral or vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with penetrating wounds to the neck present with overt symptoms and/or signs or are asymptomatic or modestly/moderately symptomatic. With overt symptoms and/or signs, immediate resuscitation and an emergency operation are appropriate. Asymptomatic @entity1 or those with modest or moderate symptoms and/or signs undergo observation or a diagnostic evaluation to avoid the 45  % "negative" exploration rate documented in the past (denominator  =  all @entity1 ). Asymptomatic @entity1 with penetration of the platysma muscle, but no signs of a @entity1317 , should undergo serial physical examinations every 6-8 for 24-36  h before discharge. Noncontrast CT does not add to the accuracy of serial physical examinations. In stable @entity1 with a variety of modest/moderate symptoms or signs possibly related to an @entity1914 , CT-arteriography has become the diagnostic modality of choice. @entity1 with possible @entity130 to the cervical esophagus are often still evaluated with a Gastrografin swallow and, if needed, a "thin" barium swallow prior to fiberoptic esophagoscopy. CT-esophagograms are likely to replace these time-honored studies in the near future. Over 85  % of @entity1 with @entity130 to the @entity825 present with overt symptoms or signs, while the remainder have historically been evaluated with laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Again, cervical multislice CT is likely to replace these studies. Operative repair of the carotid artery with 6-0 @entity7502 sutures requires heparinization and shunting on rare occasions. Both the @entity825 and esophagus are repaired with 3-0 absorbable sutures, and tracheostomy and esophageal diversion are used in only large and/or complex @entity130 . Sternal head or sternocleiodomastoid interposition flaps are used when combined visceral and @entity1317 are present.

title: Penetrating Cervical XXXX : "Current Concepts in Penetrating @entity130 ", IATSIC Symposium, International Surgical Society, Helsinki, Finland, August 25-29, 2013.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Microvascular invasion is a well-known risk factor for @entity157 recurrence and mortality after hepatic resection and liver transplant. We sought to determine the clinico-pathological predictive factors associated with microvascular invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all @entity1 who had undergone liver transplant because of @entity157 between July 2001 and December 2010 at our institution. Laboratory tests, clinical, and demographic data were obtained. Histopathological @entity1710 and @entity1711 specimens were performed by a single liver pathologist. RESULTS: During the study, 107 @entity1 had LT because of @entity157 and they were selected for this investigation: 76 were @entity1 (71%) and 31 @entity1 (29%) (mean age, 56.8    8.7 y). It was not possible to retrieve histologic samples from 5 @entity1 ; therefore, the final studied analysis was 102 individuals. @entity5 recurrence rate was 12.9%. One-, three- and five-year overall survivals were 75.0%, 71.4%, and 67.5%. Mitotic index, histologic grade, @entity5 architecture, @entity160 , and @entity5 fibrosis were associated with microvascular invasion on univariate analysis. Significant independent predictors of microvascular invasion on logistic regression analysis were histologic grade and mitotic index (P < .001; odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.525-4.156, and P = .046; odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.061-6.451). CONCLUSIONS: Mitotic index and histologic grade are significant predictors of microvascular invasion. No other risk factor was identified in the logistic regression. As both pathological characteristics may be assessed by liver biopsy, these results highlight the importance of discussing pretransplant liver biopsy to access prognosis and define treatment modalities in the setting of liver transplant.

title: Histologic Grade and Mitotic Index as Predictors of Microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: During urethral pressure profile (UPP) studies under gradually increasing stress, the maximum urethral closure pressure decreases. This observation led to a simple urodynamic test which allows the estimation of the maximum stress (intensity of cough) tolerated by the urethra before leakage begins. The determination of this critical pressure forms the basis of the @entity6369 scale. The urethra of a female @entity1 can be characterized by the amplitude of this maximum stress (in cm @entity2507 ) the urethra can handle and still remain continent. The cough intensity scale has been divided into 5 segments, defining 5 degrees of @entity6369 . The critical pressure, which determines the degree of @entity6369 is a constant value for a given @entity1 , provided the bladder volume is kept constant and the position of the @entity1 during the examination is unchanged. This method establishes the functional status of the female urethra as far as its sphincteric capabilities are concerned under different stress conditions. It represents the degree of pressure transmission from the abdominal cavity to the proximal urethra during stress. It evaluates objectively the functional results of different surgical or medical therapeutic modalities to cure genuine stress incontinence. It allows a better selection of @entity1 with @entity1494 and genuine stress incontinence who will more likely benefit from a retropubic cystourethropexy.

title: Objective assessment of resistance of female urethra to stress. A scale to establish degree of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['unstable bladder']

answer: @entity6369 :: (MESH:D014526,Disease) :: ['urethral incompetence']


abstract: Kingella kingae is a fastidious gram-negative rod related to the Neisseriae. Together with data from published cases of K. kingae infection, we report the clinical and laboratory findings from 10 cases in western Sweden; a specific serological reaction is also described. The diagnoses were @entity4034 , @entity5414 , @entity1512 , @entity884 , @entity6044 and phlegmon. The data from the Swedish cases, together with those from previous reports in the literature provided the basis for an analysis of a total of 33 cases, ranging from self-limiting to potentially fatal infections. In @entity281 (n = 19), including 3 cases of @entity1512 , the course was usually protracted but subacute and benign, although the full-blown, acute @entity5414 was also encountered. @entity884 (n = 10) was characterized by a stormy clinical course and the development of significant sequelae. The majority of the @entity1 were previously healthy @entity1 . 42% of them had a current or @entity1729 . After start of antibiotic treatment @entity1 were afebrile within a few days. Betalactam antibiotics should be regarded as the drugs of choice for coping with K. kingae. We stress the @entity281 in @entity1 and urge the importance of early puncture of a suspected focus to establish a correct diagnosis without delay. The clinical data suggest that K. kingae should be regarded as a significant pathogen.

title: XXXX : a review and a presentation of data from 10 Swedish cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['occult bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['insidious course of skeletal infections', 'orthopaedic infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['recent upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Kingella kingae infections']


abstract: 1. Concentrations of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 were measured in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of innervated and extrinsically denervated @entity840 ileum using a sensitive radioisotope enzymatic assay for @entity2661 . 2. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the microsomal fraction obtained from both layers of the normal ileum was greatly enriched with @entity1063 compared to the total homogenate. Low levels of @entity1425 and @entity935 were also detected in both layers of the ileum. 3. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with @entity2515 , @entity1063 was reduced to less than 3% and could no longer be visualized histochemically. Small proportions of the @entity1425 and @entity935 also disappeared after extrinsic denervation. 4. The residual amounts of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 present after extrinsic denervation were not sensitive to @entity2515 and were not concentrated in microsomal fractions suggesting that these @entity4478 are not stored as neurotransmitters in intrinsic neurons of the intestine.

title: Residual XXXX in extrinsically denervated @entity840 ileum.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: 1. Concentrations of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 were measured in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of innervated and extrinsically denervated @entity840 ileum using a sensitive radioisotope enzymatic assay for @entity2661 . 2. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the microsomal fraction obtained from both layers of the normal ileum was greatly enriched with @entity1063 compared to the total homogenate. Low levels of @entity1425 and @entity935 were also detected in both layers of the ileum. 3. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with @entity2515 , @entity1063 was reduced to less than 3% and could no longer be visualized histochemically. Small proportions of the @entity1425 and @entity935 also disappeared after extrinsic denervation. 4. The residual amounts of @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 present after extrinsic denervation were not sensitive to @entity2515 and were not concentrated in microsomal fractions suggesting that these @entity4478 are not stored as neurotransmitters in intrinsic neurons of the intestine.

title: Residual @entity2661 in extrinsically denervated XXXX ileum.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Valve-sparing aortic root techniques have progressively gained ground in the treatment of @entity449 and @entity337 . By avoiding anticoagulation therapy they offer a good alternative to composite graft replacement. This systematic review describes the reported outcome of valve-sparing aortic root replacement, focusing on the remodeling and reimplantation technique. A systematic literature search on the characteristics of and outcomes after valve-sparing aortic root replacement revealed 1,659 articles. The inclusion criteria were a focus on valve-sparing aortic root replacement in adults with @entity449 , presentation of survival data, and inclusion of at least 30 @entity1 . Data were pooled by inverse variance weighting and analyzed by linear regression. Of 1,659 articles published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2014, 31 were included (n  = 4,777 @entity1 ). The mean age at operation was 51    14.7 years, and 14% of @entity1 had a bicuspid aortic valve. The reimplantation technique was used in 72% and remodeling in 27% (1% other). No clinical advantage in terms of survival and reoperation of one technique over the other was found. Cusp repair was performed in 33%. Pooled early mortality was 2% (n  = 103). During follow-up (21,716 @entity1 -years), 262 @entity1 died (survival 92%), and 228 (5%) underwent reoperation, mainly valve replacement. Major adverse valve-related events were low (1.66% @entity1 -years). Preoperative severe @entity337 showed a trend toward higher reoperation rate. Remodeling and reimplantation techniques show comparable survival and valve durability results, providing a valid alternative to composite valve replacement. The heterogeneity in the data underlines the need  for a collaborative effort to standardize outcome reporting.

title: Reported Outcome After Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Aortic Root Aneurysm']


abstract: Ninety six middle aged male @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 with relatively well preserved ventilatory function who were resident in Queensland, New South Wales, or Victoria took part in a prospective study to determine the relationship of various factors to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Thirty of the subjects withdrew, leaving 66 to be followed for four to six years. The mean rate of decline of the FEV1 was 58.6 (SD 51.4) ml/year. The subjects' ventilatory responses to bronchodilator and to @entity2710 (measures of bronchial lability) were significantly related to each other and to sputum @entity1712 . With a linear model for the data on 57 @entity1 who had @entity2710 and skin tests the rate of decline of the FEV1 was found, after adjustment had been made for other variables, to be significantly related to State of residence, current smoking, response to bronchodilator, age, and occupational exposure to dust. Response to bronchodilator was interchangeable with response to @entity2710 . With the five variables in the model none of the following factors was related to the rate of decline of the FEV1:FEV1 on entry, FEV1% predicted normal, FEV1/VC%, skin test reaction, occupation on entry, history of @entity1244 and @entity2490 , and height. When data from all 66 subjects were introduced into the model, in addition to the five significant individual variables (FEV1/VC% X response to bronchodilator) was significantly related to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Of these prognostic indices, response to bronchodilator was independent of the initial FEV1, FEV/VC%, and FEV1% predicted. The difference between States, which was not explained by differences due to sampling or withdrawal of subjects, was due to a low rate of decline in Queensland.

title: Factors affecting the decline of ventilatory function in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1820 , such as of the colon and pancreas, are highly resistant to both standard and targeted therapeutics. Therapy-resistant and heterogeneous @entity1820 harbor highly complex signaling networks (the resistome) that resist apoptotic programming. Commonly used @entity136 or @entity902 -based regimens fail to induce meaningful (i.e. disease-reversing) perturbations in the resistome, resulting in high rates of treatment failure. The @entity1820 resistance networks are, in part, due to interactions between parallel signaling and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) that collectively promote the development and survival of drug-resistant @entity5 stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. The lack of understanding of the resistance networks associated with this subpopulation of cells as well as reductionist, single protein-/pathway-targeted approaches have made 'effective drug design' a difficult task. We propose that the successful design of novel therapeutic regimens to target @entity1820 is only possible if network-based drug avenues and agents, in particular 'natural agents' with no known @entity137 , are correctly identified. Natural agents (dietary agents or their synthetic derivatives) can individually alter miRNA profiles, suppress EMT pathways and eliminate @entity5 stem-like cells that derive from @entity788 and @entity694 , by partially targeting multiple yet meaningful networks within the @entity1820 resistome. However, the efficacy of these agents as combinations (e.g. consumed in the diet) against this resistome has never been studied. This short review article provides an overview of the different challenges involved in the understanding of the GI resistome, and how novel computational biology can help in the design of effective therapies to overcome resistance.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Novel Holistic Approaches for Overcoming Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers', 'GI cancers', 'drug-resistant GI tumors', 'GI cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: d-Dimer is a prothrombotic biomarker and a very sensitive measure of endogenous fibrinolysis. It is used as a screening test for suspected @entity1150 . This study investigated whether d-dimer levels were increased in the varicose veins of @entity1 in comparison to their own arm samples. @entity1 , n = 24, 17 male, age 45 (25-91), C2-6, awaiting saphenous laser ablation were compared to matched controls, n = 24, 17 male, age 42 (24-89). Concurrent venous blood samples were taken from the arm and a lower @entity291 /ankle (varicose) vein. The median (interquartile range) d-dimer (ng/mL) level was significantly greater in the ankle than in the arm blood of the same @entity1 at 319 (164-631) versus 281 (167-562), P = .003, Wilcoxon. This did not occur in the controls at 269 (80-564) versus 262 (106-526), P = .361, Wilcoxon. The results indicate increased endogenous fibrinolysis in varicose veins compared with arm blood. This suggests there is more @entity715 activity or dissolution of formed subclinical fibrin @entity715 which may explain the association of varicose veins with @entity715 . This contrasts with earlier studies reporting a @entity2631 in fibrinolysis in @entity66 .

title: d-Dimer Levels are Significantly Increased in Blood Taken From Varicose Veins Compared With Antecubital Blood From the Same XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local reduction']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['superficial vein thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uropathogenic strains of @entity526 (UPEC) are the major cause of @entity293 . Survival in the bloodstream is associated with different mechanisms that help to resist serum complement-mediated killing. While phenotypic heterogeneity of bacteria has been shown to influence antibiotic tolerance, the possibility that it makes cells refractory to killing by the immune system has not been experimentally tested. In the current work we asked whether the heterogeneity of bacterial cultures is relevant to bacterial targeting by the serum complement system. We monitored cell divisions in the UPEC strain CFT073 with fluorescent reporter protein. Stationary phase cells were incubated in active or heat-inactivated human serum in the presence or absence of different antibiotics ( @entity869 , @entity4258 , @entity4509 ), and cell division and complement protein C3 binding were measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Heterogeneity in the doubling times of CFT073 cells in serum enabled three phenotypically different subpopulations to be distinguished, all of them being recognized by the C3 component of the complement system. The population of rapidly-growing cells resists serum complement-mediated lysis. The dominant subpopulation of cells with intermediate growth rate is susceptible to serum. The third population, which does not resume growth upon dilution from stationary phase, is simultaneously protected from serum complement and antibiotics.

title: Phenotypic heterogeneity enables uropathogenic XXXX to evade killing by antibiotics and serum complement.

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. Community engagement in @entity311 elimination (ME) on Aneityum Island has been sustained since its introduction in the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population has led to a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for the innovative community actions and capacity development  efforts taken to realize and sustain meaningful changes in well-being. This study used the HET framework to investigate @entity1 perceptions of ME efforts on the island focusing on two HET elements, personal and social-contextual resources. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of empowerment as a critical element of community engagement. METHODS: Six focus group discussions, ten key informant interviews and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2012 on Aneityum. Both deductive and inductive approaches to qualitative content analysis were used to identify themes, which were condensed, coded and classified based on the HET elements above. RESULTS: Awareness and use of personal and social-contextual resources played an important role in ME efforts. Most @entity1 shared their knowledge to prevent @entity311 reintroduction. Many @entity1 reported their skills  needed for behavioral maintenance, problem-solving or leadership. @entity1 who perceived a threat took preventive actions even in the dry season. Community leaders focused on second generation capacity development. A local health coalition provided ME services. Members of networks were sources of information and assistance. Face-to-face was the preferred method of communication. Barriers to engagement (e.g., financial difficulties,  health literacy issues and underdeveloped infrastructure) were minimized through active collaboration and mutual assistance. CONCLUSIONS: In the community engagement continuum, health empowerment develops incrementally overtime as @entity1 gain their knowledge and skills, @entity14948 and develop collaborative networks (social capital) to make decisions and take action for change. Community engagement, which facilitates local personal and social-contextual resource development, has potential for ME and multilevel empowerment through community-based capacity development processes. These self-empowered communities have written and will continue to write a 'prescription' for sustaining high levels of engagement.

title: A prescription for sustaining community engagement in XXXX elimination on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu: an application of Health Empowerment Theory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14948 :: ('MESH:C536895', 'Disease') :: ['form coalitions']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid webs may cause recurrent @entity385 . We describe the prevalence, demographics, clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathology, and @entity64 risk associated with this under-recognized lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A carotid web was defined on CTA as a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb just beyond the carotid bifurcation on oblique sagittal section CTA that was seen as a septum on axial CTA. Using a prospective case series from April 2013 to April 2014, we describe the demographics, spectrum of imaging features on CTA, and histopathology of these carotid webs. From a retrospective analysis of @entity1 at our center from May 2012 to April 2013 who had a baseline head and neck CTA followed by a brain MR imaging within 1-2 days of the CTA, we determine the period prevalence of carotid webs and the prevalence of @entity64 on imaging. RESULTS: In the prospective series, the mean age was 50 years (range, 41-55 years); 5/7 @entity1 were @entity1 . Recurrent @entity64 was seen in 5/7 (71.4%) @entity1 with the carotid web; time to recurrence ranged from 1 to 97 months. Histopathology suggested a high probability of @entity4267 . In the retrospective series, carotid webs were seen in 7/576 @entity1 for a hospital-based-period prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4%-2.5%). Two of these 7 @entity1 had @entity64 in the vascular territory of the carotid web. CONCLUSIONS: A carotid web may contribute to recurrent @entity385 in @entity1 with no other determined @entity64 mechanism. Intimal variant @entity4267 is the pathologic diagnosis in most cases. The prevalence of carotid web is low, while the optimal management strategy remains unknown.

title: Carotid Webs and Recurrent XXXX in the Era of CT Angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Strokes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is one of the subgroups of chronic non-specific @entity1643 . Thai @entity579 farmers often have poor sustained postures during a @entity579 planting process and start their farming at an early age. However, individual associated factors of @entity922 are not known and have rarely been diagnosed in @entity1643 . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and individual associated factors of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 323 Thai @entity579 farmers in a rural area of Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the 13-item Delphi criteria questionnaire, after which an objective examination was performed using aberrant movement sign, @entity158 catch sign, and prone instability test to obtain information. Individual factors such as sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking, and number of years of farming experience, were recorded during the face-to-face interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers calculated by the method described in this study was 13% (age 44  10 years). Number of years of farming experience was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of @entity922 (adjusted odds ratio =2.02, 95% confidence interval =1.03-3.98, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides prevalence of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers. Those with long-term farming experience of at least 30 years have a greater risk of @entity922 .

title: Prevalence and individual risk factors associated with clinical lumbar instability in @entity579 farmers with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CLI', 'Clinical lumbar instability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is one of the subgroups of chronic non-specific @entity1643 . Thai @entity579 farmers often have poor sustained postures during a @entity579 planting process and start their farming at an early age. However, individual associated factors of @entity922 are not known and have rarely been diagnosed in @entity1643 . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and individual associated factors of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 323 Thai @entity579 farmers in a rural area of Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the 13-item Delphi criteria questionnaire, after which an objective examination was performed using aberrant movement sign, @entity158 catch sign, and prone instability test to obtain information. Individual factors such as sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking, and number of years of farming experience, were recorded during the face-to-face interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers calculated by the method described in this study was 13% (age 44  10 years). Number of years of farming experience was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of @entity922 (adjusted odds ratio =2.02, 95% confidence interval =1.03-3.98, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides prevalence of @entity922 in Thai @entity579 farmers. Those with long-term farming experience of at least 30 years have a greater risk of @entity922 .

title: Prevalence and individual risk factors associated with clinical lumbar instability in XXXX farmers with @entity1643 .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity1 's Republic of China, both western medicine (WM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are the main treatment and rehabilitation options for @entity5 @entity1 . This study aimed to explore @entity5 survivors' perspectives and experience of treatment and rehabilitation, in order to promote @entity1 -centered activities of treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: Using a qualitative research approach, 68 @entity5 survivors were recruited from eight community @entity5 rehabilitation organizations in Shanghai, @entity1 's Republic of China. Eight focus group interviews were conducted. All these interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed by theme analysis. RESULTS: WM was the main choice in treatment phase though study @entity1 noted more side effects. TCM was primarily used in the recovery phase. The lack of communication between doctors and @entity5 @entity1 appears to affect treatment adherence and impair the doctor- @entity1 relationship. WM was expensive for diagnostic procedures and treatment, while the cumulative costs of frequent use of TCM in the long rehabilitation period were also high. Both treatment options created significant perceived economic burden on @entity1 . Conflicting information about dietary supplements tended to make @entity5 survivors confused. CONCLUSION: Improving the communication between doctors and @entity5 @entity1 helps to ameliorate @entity5 @entity1 adherence and the effect of treatments. It is essential to educate @entity5 @entity1 about the effect and cost of both WM and traditional TCM. Meanwhile, marketing management and guidance to consumers regarding use of dietary supplements in the @entity5 rehabilitation field are also necessary.

title: XXXX survivors' perspectives and experience on western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine treatment and rehabilitation: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interactions between species are especially sensitive to environmental changes. The interaction between plants and pollinators is of particular interest given the potential current global decline in pollinators. Reduced pollinator services can be compensated for in some plant species by self-pollination. However, if inbreeding @entity308 is high, selfed progeny could die prior to reaching adulthood, leading to @entity6159 recruitment failure. METHODS: To examine this scenario, pollinator abundance, pollen limitation, selfing rates and inbreeding @entity308 were examined in 12 populations of varying disturbance levels in Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae), an endemic New Zealand tree species. KEY RESULTS: High pollen limitation was found in all populations (average of 58  % reduction in seed production, nine populations), together with high selfing rates (61  % of offspring selfed, six populations) and high inbreeding @entity308 (selfed offspring 86  % less fit, six populations). Pollen limitation was associated with lower visitation rates by the two endemic bird pollinators. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that for these populations, over half of the seeds produced are genetically doomed. This reduction in the fitness of progeny due to reduced pollinator service is probably important to population dynamics of other New Zealand species. More broadly, the results suggest that measures of seed production or seedling densities may be a gross overestimate of the effective offspring production. This could lead to @entity6159 recruitment failure, i.e. a decline in successful reproduction despite high progeny production. Given the global extent of pollinator declines, @entity6159 recruitment failure may be widespread.

title: The compounding effects of high pollen limitation, selfing rates and inbreeding XXXX leave a New Zealand tree with few viable offspring.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the progression of @entity63 , pH is important and is essential in elucidating the association between metabolic disruption, @entity880 formation, @entity520 and @entity3145 . Chemical exchange  -dependent saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be used to detect tissue pH and, in particular, a specific form of CEST magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI), termed @entity6346 proton transfer (APT) MRI, which is sensitive to pH and can detect @entity2806 , even prior to diffusion abnormalities. The critical parameter governing the ability of CEST to detect pH is the sequence. In the present study, a novel strategy was used, based on the gradient echo sequence (GRE), which involved the insertion of a magnetization transfer pulse in each repetition time (TR) and minimizing the TR for in  vivo APT imaging. The proposed GRE  -APT MRI method was initially verified using a tissue  -like pH phantom and optimized MRI parameters for APT imaging. In order to assess the range of acute @entity385 , @entity35 (n=4) were subjected to @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and MRI scanning at 7  telsa  (T). Hyperacute @entity63 @entity3145 was characterized using multiparametric imaging techniques, including diffusion, APT and T2  -Weighted MRI. By using a magnetization transfer pulse and minimizing TR, GRE  -APT provided high spatial resolution and a homogeneous signal, with clearly distinguished cerebral anatomy. The GRE  -APT and diffusion MRI were significantly correlated with @entity880 content and the area of @entity385 in the APT and apparent diffusion coefficient  (ADC) maps matched consistently during the hyperacute period. In addition, compared with the @entity1188 area observed on the ADC MRI map, the APT map contained tissue, which had not yet been irreversibly damaged. Therefore, GRE  -APT MRI waa able to detect @entity63 @entity8193 with sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, suggesting the potential use of pH MRI as a surrogate imaging marker of impaired tissue metabolism for the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperacute @entity64 .

title: Novel gradient echo sequence  -based XXXX proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in hyperacute @entity385 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the progression of @entity63 , pH is important and is essential in elucidating the association between metabolic disruption, @entity880 formation, @entity520 and @entity3145 . Chemical exchange  -dependent saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be used to detect tissue pH and, in particular, a specific form of CEST magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI), termed @entity6346 proton transfer (APT) MRI, which is sensitive to pH and can detect @entity2806 , even prior to diffusion abnormalities. The critical parameter governing the ability of CEST to detect pH is the sequence. In the present study, a novel strategy was used, based on the gradient echo sequence (GRE), which involved the insertion of a magnetization transfer pulse in each repetition time (TR) and minimizing the TR for in  vivo APT imaging. The proposed GRE  -APT MRI method was initially verified using a tissue  -like pH phantom and optimized MRI parameters for APT imaging. In order to assess the range of acute @entity385 , @entity35 (n=4) were subjected to @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) and MRI scanning at 7  telsa  (T). Hyperacute @entity63 @entity3145 was characterized using multiparametric imaging techniques, including diffusion, APT and T2  -Weighted MRI. By using a magnetization transfer pulse and minimizing TR, GRE  -APT provided high spatial resolution and a homogeneous signal, with clearly distinguished cerebral anatomy. The GRE  -APT and diffusion MRI were significantly correlated with @entity880 content and the area of @entity385 in the APT and apparent diffusion coefficient  (ADC) maps matched consistently during the hyperacute period. In addition, compared with the @entity1188 area observed on the ADC MRI map, the APT map contained tissue, which had not yet been irreversibly damaged. Therefore, GRE  -APT MRI waa able to detect @entity63 @entity8193 with sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, suggesting the potential use of pH MRI as a surrogate imaging marker of impaired tissue metabolism for the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperacute @entity64 .

title: Novel gradient echo sequence  -based @entity6346 proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in hyperacute XXXX .

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: An open study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of @entity7689 in 33 @entity1 with essential @entity101 whose blood pressure was uncontrolled (diastolic blood pressure 96 to 115 mm Hg) despite previous treatment with one or two antihypertensive drugs. @entity7689 was added to the existing antihypertensive therapy and the dose titrated to a maximum of 150 mg/day or until blood pressure control was achieved (diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg). @entity1 were then followed up for a further 4 weeks. @entity7689 significantly reduced mean standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 167/113 +/- 19.8/7.2 (SD) mm Hg to 150.3/101.1 +/- 23.4/8.9 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks and mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 169.8/110.8 +/- 16.4/5.6 (SD) mm Hg to 154.2/102.1 +/- 23.8/12 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks. Blood pressure was controlled in 21 of the 33 @entity1 (63.6%) studied. @entity7689 caused a small but significant fall in pulse rate of 3.9 beats per minute, in the supine position, after 4 weeks therapy. 10 @entity1 experienced adverse effects, the most common being dizziness and @entity10 (3 @entity1 each), and lightheadedness/fainting on standing (2 @entity1 ). No @entity1 experienced sedation. Only 1 @entity1 was withdrawn from the trial because of adverse effects (fainting on standing). Biochemical and haematological investigations carried out pretreatment and during treatment showed no abnormalities related to @entity7689 treatment.

title: [Open study on the effect and side effects of @entity7689 , used at the 2d and 3d therapeutic step in essential XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7689 :: ('MESH:D007217', 'Chemical') :: ['indoramin', 'Indoramin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: An open study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of @entity7689 in 33 @entity1 with essential @entity101 whose blood pressure was uncontrolled (diastolic blood pressure 96 to 115 mm Hg) despite previous treatment with one or two antihypertensive drugs. @entity7689 was added to the existing antihypertensive therapy and the dose titrated to a maximum of 150 mg/day or until blood pressure control was achieved (diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg). @entity1 were then followed up for a further 4 weeks. @entity7689 significantly reduced mean standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 167/113 +/- 19.8/7.2 (SD) mm Hg to 150.3/101.1 +/- 23.4/8.9 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks and mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 169.8/110.8 +/- 16.4/5.6 (SD) mm Hg to 154.2/102.1 +/- 23.8/12 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks. Blood pressure was controlled in 21 of the 33 @entity1 (63.6%) studied. @entity7689 caused a small but significant fall in pulse rate of 3.9 beats per minute, in the supine position, after 4 weeks therapy. 10 @entity1 experienced adverse effects, the most common being dizziness and @entity10 (3 @entity1 each), and lightheadedness/fainting on standing (2 @entity1 ). No @entity1 experienced sedation. Only 1 @entity1 was withdrawn from the trial because of adverse effects (fainting on standing). Biochemical and haematological investigations carried out pretreatment and during treatment showed no abnormalities related to @entity7689 treatment.

title: [Open study on the effect and side effects of XXXX , used at the 2d and 3d therapeutic step in essential @entity101 ].

answer: @entity7689 :: (MESH:D007217,Chemical) :: ['indoramin']


abstract: While @entity1947 ( @entity1948 ) nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized to have promising applications in biomedicine, their immunotoxicity has been inconsistent and even contradictory. To address this issue, we investigated whether @entity1948 NPs with different size (20 or 100 nm) and electrostatic charge (positive or negative) would cause immunotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and explored their underlying molecular mechanism. Using Raw 264.7 cell line, we examined the immunotoxicity mechanism of @entity1948 NPs as cell viability. We found that in a cell viability assay, @entity1948 NPs with different size and charge could induce differential @entity137 to Raw 264.7 cells. Specifically, the positively charged @entity1948 NPs exerted higher @entity137 than the negatively charged ones. Next, to gauge systemic immunotoxicity, we assessed immune responses of C57BL/6 @entity19 after oral administration of 750 mg/kg/day dose of @entity1948 NPs for 2 weeks. In parallel, @entity1948 NPs did not alter the cell-mediated immune response in @entity19 but suppressed innate immunity such as natural killer cell activity. The @entity1961 (+)/CD8(+) ratio, a marker for matured T-cells was slightly reduced, which implies the alteration of immune status induced by @entity1948 NPs. Accordingly, @entity842 production from splenocyte culture supernatant in @entity1948 NP-fed @entity19 was lower than control. Consistently, serum levels of pro/anti-inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1b, @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, and @entity1618 ) and T helper-1 cytokines (interferon-y and IL-12p70) in @entity1948 NP-fed @entity19 were significantly suppressed. Collectively, our results indicate that different sized and charged @entity1948 NPs would cause in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity, of which nature is an immunosuppression.

title: Immunotoxicity of XXXX nanoparticles with different size and electrostatic charge.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['zinc oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the topical 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster in the treatment of localized @entity9 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a case series at an @entity158 clinic, using retrospective analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data of 27 @entity1 treated for localized @entity9 with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster were retrospectively analyzed. Assessment included changes in overall @entity158 intensity, in intensity of different @entity158 qualities, and of @entity1931 and @entity1931 , and changes in sleep quality. RESULTS: @entity1 (17 female, ten male; mean age 53.4  11.4 years) presented mainly with dorsalgia (16 @entity1 ) or postoperative/posttraumatic @entity158 (seven @entity1 ); one @entity1 suffered from both. The mean overall @entity158 intensity prior to treatment with @entity3303 medicated plaster was 8.4  1.2 on the 11-point Likert scale. In the majority of cases, the @entity3303 plaster was applied concomitantly with preexisting @entity158 medication (81.5% of the @entity1 ). During the 6-month observation period, overall mean @entity158 intensity was reduced by almost 5 points (4.98) to 3.5  2.6. Substantial reductions were also observed for @entity158 (5 points from 7.9  2.6 at baseline) and @entity158 (3 points from 5.2  4.1). Sleep quality improved from 4.6  2.6 at baseline to 5.5  1.8. Stratification by @entity158 diagnosis showed marked improvements in overall @entity158 intensity for @entity1 with @entity282 . The @entity3303 plaster was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Overall, topical treatment with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster was associated with effective @entity158 relief and was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of localized @entity9 of different etiologies with the 5% XXXX medicated plaster - a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Austrian pain', 'neuralgiform pain', 'pain', 'burning pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['dorsalgia or postoperative/posttraumatic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the topical 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster in the treatment of localized @entity9 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a case series at an @entity158 clinic, using retrospective analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data of 27 @entity1 treated for localized @entity9 with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster were retrospectively analyzed. Assessment included changes in overall @entity158 intensity, in intensity of different @entity158 qualities, and of @entity1931 and @entity1931 , and changes in sleep quality. RESULTS: @entity1 (17 female, ten male; mean age 53.4  11.4 years) presented mainly with dorsalgia (16 @entity1 ) or postoperative/posttraumatic @entity158 (seven @entity1 ); one @entity1 suffered from both. The mean overall @entity158 intensity prior to treatment with @entity3303 medicated plaster was 8.4  1.2 on the 11-point Likert scale. In the majority of cases, the @entity3303 plaster was applied concomitantly with preexisting @entity158 medication (81.5% of the @entity1 ). During the 6-month observation period, overall mean @entity158 intensity was reduced by almost 5 points (4.98) to 3.5  2.6. Substantial reductions were also observed for @entity158 (5 points from 7.9  2.6 at baseline) and @entity158 (3 points from 5.2  4.1). Sleep quality improved from 4.6  2.6 at baseline to 5.5  1.8. Stratification by @entity158 diagnosis showed marked improvements in overall @entity158 intensity for @entity1 with @entity282 . The @entity3303 plaster was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Overall, topical treatment with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster was associated with effective @entity158 relief and was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of localized XXXX of different etiologies with the 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster - a case series.

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: The Dunning R-3327-H @entity35 @entity263 is a well-differentiated, slow-growing, serially transplantable @entity5 of spontaneous origin. When intact male @entity35 bearing such an exponentially growing @entity5 s.c. are castrated, @entity5 growth abruptly stops, demonstrating the initial @entity342 sensitivity of this @entity5 . Eventually, however, after an extended period, the @entity5 invariably relapses and once again appears to grow exponentially. At the time of relapse, the @entity5 is no longer @entity342 sensitive but has irreversibly progressed to a completely insensitive state. The mechanism responsible for this irreversible progression has been demonstrated by fluctuation analysis not to be due to environmentally induced adaptation of initially @entity342 -dependent @entity5 cells to a new @entity342 -independent state. Instead, the progression is due to the basic heterogeneity of the original @entity5 (i.e., it is composed of a mixture of preexisting clones of both @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells). Following castration, only the preexisting clones of @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells are able to continue exponential growth; the @entity342 -dependent @entity5 cells stop proliferating and die. Thus, @entity342 ablation creates a host environment in which the @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells have a highly selective growth advantage over the @entity342 -dependent cells. Eventually, with time, this selective growth advantage results in a @entity5 which is completely composed of @entity342 -independent cells. It is the continuous proliferative growth of these @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells which leads to the relapse phenomenon.

title: Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of XXXX to @entity342 ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'H-tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: The Dunning R-3327-H @entity35 @entity263 is a well-differentiated, slow-growing, serially transplantable @entity5 of spontaneous origin. When intact male @entity35 bearing such an exponentially growing @entity5 s.c. are castrated, @entity5 growth abruptly stops, demonstrating the initial @entity342 sensitivity of this @entity5 . Eventually, however, after an extended period, the @entity5 invariably relapses and once again appears to grow exponentially. At the time of relapse, the @entity5 is no longer @entity342 sensitive but has irreversibly progressed to a completely insensitive state. The mechanism responsible for this irreversible progression has been demonstrated by fluctuation analysis not to be due to environmentally induced adaptation of initially @entity342 -dependent @entity5 cells to a new @entity342 -independent state. Instead, the progression is due to the basic heterogeneity of the original @entity5 (i.e., it is composed of a mixture of preexisting clones of both @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells). Following castration, only the preexisting clones of @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells are able to continue exponential growth; the @entity342 -dependent @entity5 cells stop proliferating and die. Thus, @entity342 ablation creates a host environment in which the @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells have a highly selective growth advantage over the @entity342 -dependent cells. Eventually, with time, this selective growth advantage results in a @entity5 which is completely composed of @entity342 -independent cells. It is the continuous proliferative growth of these @entity342 -independent @entity5 cells which leads to the relapse phenomenon.

title: Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of @entity263 to XXXX ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the optimal preservation approach to prepare @entity1 feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentations as an alternative to the use of fresh feces. The four treatments studied were: Treatment 1) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution+ @entity653 ; Treatment 2) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution+ @entity653 and then stored at -80  C; Treatment 3) fecal sample frozen with 1.5g @entity653 ; and Treatment 4) fecal sample frozen. All the treatments contained 8.75g of feces, 3.5ml dialysate and 4.9ml @entity653 when inoculated in TIM-2 in vitro system. Treatment 1 (fresh fecal preparation) was used as a reference. The effects were evaluated in terms of i) metabolic activity and ii) composition of the microbiota using fermentation experiments in the TIM-2 in vitro system. In all treatments, high levels of @entity598 were produced followed by @entity4876 and @entity4919 . However, the metabolic activity of the bacteria, in terms of short-chain @entity844 production, was affected by the different treatments. Microbiota composition was analyzed using the IS-pro profiling technique. Diversity in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria groups seemed to be preserved in all treatments whereas it was observed to decline in the Bacteroidetes group. Preparing a @entity1 fecal inoculum resuspended in dialysate solution with @entity653 and then stored at -80  C showed high similarities to the results obtained with fresh feces, and is proposed as the optimal way to freeze fecal material as an alternative to fresh feces for in vitro fermentation studies.

title: Evaluation of an optimal preparation of XXXX standardized fecal inocula for in vitro fermentation studies.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['n-butyrate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction is a radical procedure for the treatment of @entity418 that is associated with a high morbidity rate. Gastric conduit @entity39 is a fatal complication that occurs in 2% of @entity1 . Conventionally, two-stage salvage surgery consisting of removal of the @entity39 gastric conduit followed by reconstruction has been performed; however, this procedure has a high morbidity rate. We describe a 61-year-old @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy complicated by slowly progressive @entity39 associated with @entity135 and a stable overall condition. There was a 2 cm gap in the @entity254 . Because there was no evidence of residual @entity39 , a removable, covered @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) was inserted to bridge the @entity254 . The stent was fixed to the @entity1 's ear with silk thread through the lasso on its proximal end to prevent migration. Eight weeks after insertion, the stent was removed easily without any associated complications. The anastomotic defect was completely bridged with granulation tissue, showing progressive epithelialization without @entity2680 or @entity850 . The @entity1 was discharged home in good general health. This is the first report of the successful conservative management of esophago-gastric conduit @entity254 disruption with @entity1702 placement.

title: Conservative reconstruction using stents as salvage therapy for disruption of esophago-gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['complete neck drainage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'gastric conduit necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metal stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: @entity1118 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity1 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity1118 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity1118 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity158 in @entity1 whose @entity158 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity1443 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity1 quality of life. @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity1 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity4784 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity4784 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity4784 treatment. @entity1510 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity1510 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity4784 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity1288 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity5 @entity158 and @entity4784 .

title: Developments in managing severe XXXX : role of @entity1288 - @entity1510 extended release.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['OIC', 'Opioid-induced constipation']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity1118 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity1 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity1118 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity1118 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity158 in @entity1 whose @entity158 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity1443 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity1 quality of life. @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity1 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity4784 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity4784 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity4784 treatment. @entity1510 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity1510 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity4784 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity1288 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity5 @entity158 and @entity4784 .

title: Developments in managing severe @entity1118 : role of @entity1288 - XXXX extended release.

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: @entity1118 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity1 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity1118 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity1118 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity158 in @entity1 whose @entity158 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity1443 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity1 quality of life. @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity1 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity4784 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity4784 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity4784 treatment. @entity1510 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity1510 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity4784 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity1288 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity1288 and @entity1510 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity5 @entity158 and @entity4784 .

title: Developments in managing severe @entity1118 : role of XXXX - @entity1510 extended release.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']