abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a prediction model to identify the individual @entity1021 dose of FSH for ovulation induction using a step-down regimen. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical data in an academic fertility unit. Fifty-six normogonadotropic @entity249 @entity1 who failed to ovulate or conceive with @entity4082 were included. They were treated with exogenous gonadotropins with a flexible @entity1021 dose for ovulation induction using a step-down regimen. The clinically applied @entity1021 dose of exogenous gonadotropins was compared with the calculated response-dose using a previously published prediction model. RESULTS: @entity1 were arbitrarily divided into three groups according to the day of the first decrease in gonadotropin dose: (a) early step-down (day 3 or earlier); (b) standard step-down (day 4 or later); (c) no step-down. These groups had average @entity1021 doses of 28.5 IU (group a) and 13 IU (group b) above the calculated response-dose, and 43 IU (group c) under the calculated response-dose. A significant correlation between day of first step-down and the difference between clinically applied and calculated response-dose was observed (P<0.0001, F-test for ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 group with the best step-down profile for ovulation induction exhibited the closest match between the clinically applied and calculated @entity1021 dose of gonadotropins. Therefore, this study provides support for the concept that the individual effective FSH @entity1021 dose for gonadotropin induction of ovulation in @entity249 @entity1 can be predicted on the basis of initial screening characteristics, such as body mass index, @entity4082 resistance or failure, free @entity442 and FSH. This may result in more effective @entity1 treatment protocols, reduced complication rates and health-economic benefits.

title: FSH response-dose can be predicted in ovulation induction for normogonadotropic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['anovulatory infertile']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'clomiphene']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['anovulatory infertility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity161 , information processing deficits, such as those reported in studies that measured prepulse inhibition of the @entity1 @entity427 response and @entity734 of @entity427 magnitude, may be improved with atypical antipsychotic treatment. However, it remains unclear whether antipsychotic medication is directly responsible for the improvement or whether differences in prepulse inhibition reflect other factors, such as acuity status. The present study investigated the effects of antipsychotics on prepulse inhibition and @entity427 in acutely hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: Forty-one acutely @entity716 @entity161 @entity1 (21 who were unmedicated at the time of admission and 20 who had been receiving antipsychotic treatment) were tested within 72 hours of hospital admission. Thirteen healthy subjects were also studied for comparative purposes. Primary dependent measures were @entity427 responsivity, reactivity, prepulse inhibition, and @entity427 . RESULTS: @entity161 @entity1 , whether medicated or unmedicated at admission, showed prepulse inhibition deficits compared with healthy subjects and did not statistically differ from each other in @entity427 magnitude, prepulse inhibition, or @entity734 . There was a higher number of @entity427 "nonresponders" among those who had been receiving medication versus those unmedicated at the time of admission. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that antipsychotic effects on prepulse inhibition may not be evident at a time when @entity161 @entity1 are acutely symptomatic. These results suggest that the neurobiological substrate underlying prepulse inhibition deficits may be dysregulated during acute @entity716 states while the @entity1 are in early phases of medication treatment.

title: Information processing deficits in acutely @entity716 XXXX @entity1 medicated and unmedicated at the time of admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startle habituation', 'startle']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity161 , information processing deficits, such as those reported in studies that measured prepulse inhibition of the @entity1 @entity427 response and @entity734 of @entity427 magnitude, may be improved with atypical antipsychotic treatment. However, it remains unclear whether antipsychotic medication is directly responsible for the improvement or whether differences in prepulse inhibition reflect other factors, such as acuity status. The present study investigated the effects of antipsychotics on prepulse inhibition and @entity427 in acutely hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: Forty-one acutely @entity716 @entity161 @entity1 (21 who were unmedicated at the time of admission and 20 who had been receiving antipsychotic treatment) were tested within 72 hours of hospital admission. Thirteen healthy subjects were also studied for comparative purposes. Primary dependent measures were @entity427 responsivity, reactivity, prepulse inhibition, and @entity427 . RESULTS: @entity161 @entity1 , whether medicated or unmedicated at admission, showed prepulse inhibition deficits compared with healthy subjects and did not statistically differ from each other in @entity427 magnitude, prepulse inhibition, or @entity734 . There was a higher number of @entity427 "nonresponders" among those who had been receiving medication versus those unmedicated at the time of admission. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that antipsychotic effects on prepulse inhibition may not be evident at a time when @entity161 @entity1 are acutely symptomatic. These results suggest that the neurobiological substrate underlying prepulse inhibition deficits may be dysregulated during acute @entity716 states while the @entity1 are in early phases of medication treatment.

title: Information processing deficits in acutely XXXX @entity161 @entity1 medicated and unmedicated at the time of admission.

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity161 , information processing deficits, such as those reported in studies that measured prepulse inhibition of the @entity1 @entity427 response and @entity734 of @entity427 magnitude, may be improved with atypical antipsychotic treatment. However, it remains unclear whether antipsychotic medication is directly responsible for the improvement or whether differences in prepulse inhibition reflect other factors, such as acuity status. The present study investigated the effects of antipsychotics on prepulse inhibition and @entity427 in acutely hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: Forty-one acutely @entity716 @entity161 @entity1 (21 who were unmedicated at the time of admission and 20 who had been receiving antipsychotic treatment) were tested within 72 hours of hospital admission. Thirteen healthy subjects were also studied for comparative purposes. Primary dependent measures were @entity427 responsivity, reactivity, prepulse inhibition, and @entity427 . RESULTS: @entity161 @entity1 , whether medicated or unmedicated at admission, showed prepulse inhibition deficits compared with healthy subjects and did not statistically differ from each other in @entity427 magnitude, prepulse inhibition, or @entity734 . There was a higher number of @entity427 "nonresponders" among those who had been receiving medication versus those unmedicated at the time of admission. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that antipsychotic effects on prepulse inhibition may not be evident at a time when @entity161 @entity1 are acutely symptomatic. These results suggest that the neurobiological substrate underlying prepulse inhibition deficits may be dysregulated during acute @entity716 states while the @entity1 are in early phases of medication treatment.

title: Information processing deficits in acutely @entity716 @entity161 XXXX medicated and unmedicated at the time of admission.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Association of @entity7116 ( @entity7116 ) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to @entity29 have been investigated in a number of epidemiological studies, but the results are inclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the relationship. METHODS: The databases of Pubmed and CBM updated to October, 2014 were retrieved. Random- or fixed-effect model was used to estimate odd radio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) on the basis of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Seven articles containing 2196 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) cases, 1588 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) cases and 4126 controls were identified. We detected a significant association between @entity7116 @entity38302 polymorphism and IBD susceptibility in overall population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.855, 95%  CI=0.760-0.962, P=0.009), but not in Caucasian and Asian population, respectively. No association was detected between @entity38302 polymorphism and @entity30 susceptibility in overall, Asian and Caucasian population, respectively. Interestingly, a significant association was detected between @entity38302 with @entity31 susceptibility in overall population (G vs. T, OR=0.881, 95%  CI=0.798-0.972, P=0.012; GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.788, 95%  CI=0.679-0.914, P=0.002; GG vs. TT, OR=0.683, 95%  CI=0.498-0.937, P=0.018) and Caucasians (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.833, 95%  CI=0.701-0.990, P=0.038; GG+GT vs. TT, OR=0.667, 95%  CI=0.456-0.975, P=0.037; GG vs. TT, OR=0.636, 95%  CI=0.433-0.934, P=0.021), respectively, and a possible association was found in Asian population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.709, 95%  CI=0.503-0.998, P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7116 @entity38302 gene is IBD risk factor, and this gene polymorphism is associated with @entity31 susceptibility, especially in Caucasians. To confirm these findings, further studies with more sample size are required for a definitive conclusion.

title: Association of XXXX @entity38302 polymorphism with susceptibility to @entity29 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity7116 :: ('6775', 'Gene') :: ['STAT4', 'Signal transducers and activators of transcription-4']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity7116 :: (6775,Gene) :: ['STAT4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Association of @entity7116 ( @entity7116 ) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to @entity29 have been investigated in a number of epidemiological studies, but the results are inclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the relationship. METHODS: The databases of Pubmed and CBM updated to October, 2014 were retrieved. Random- or fixed-effect model was used to estimate odd radio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) on the basis of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Seven articles containing 2196 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) cases, 1588 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) cases and 4126 controls were identified. We detected a significant association between @entity7116 @entity38302 polymorphism and IBD susceptibility in overall population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.855, 95%  CI=0.760-0.962, P=0.009), but not in Caucasian and Asian population, respectively. No association was detected between @entity38302 polymorphism and @entity30 susceptibility in overall, Asian and Caucasian population, respectively. Interestingly, a significant association was detected between @entity38302 with @entity31 susceptibility in overall population (G vs. T, OR=0.881, 95%  CI=0.798-0.972, P=0.012; GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.788, 95%  CI=0.679-0.914, P=0.002; GG vs. TT, OR=0.683, 95%  CI=0.498-0.937, P=0.018) and Caucasians (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.833, 95%  CI=0.701-0.990, P=0.038; GG+GT vs. TT, OR=0.667, 95%  CI=0.456-0.975, P=0.037; GG vs. TT, OR=0.636, 95%  CI=0.433-0.934, P=0.021), respectively, and a possible association was found in Asian population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.709, 95%  CI=0.503-0.998, P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7116 @entity38302 gene is IBD risk factor, and this gene polymorphism is associated with @entity31 susceptibility, especially in Caucasians. To confirm these findings, further studies with more sample size are required for a definitive conclusion.

title: Association of @entity7116 XXXX polymorphism with susceptibility to @entity29 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity38302 :: (rs7574865,SNP) :: ['rs7574865']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Association of @entity7116 ( @entity7116 ) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to @entity29 have been investigated in a number of epidemiological studies, but the results are inclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to more precisely estimate the relationship. METHODS: The databases of Pubmed and CBM updated to October, 2014 were retrieved. Random- or fixed-effect model was used to estimate odd radio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) on the basis of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Seven articles containing 2196 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) cases, 1588 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) cases and 4126 controls were identified. We detected a significant association between @entity7116 @entity38302 polymorphism and IBD susceptibility in overall population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.855, 95%  CI=0.760-0.962, P=0.009), but not in Caucasian and Asian population, respectively. No association was detected between @entity38302 polymorphism and @entity30 susceptibility in overall, Asian and Caucasian population, respectively. Interestingly, a significant association was detected between @entity38302 with @entity31 susceptibility in overall population (G vs. T, OR=0.881, 95%  CI=0.798-0.972, P=0.012; GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.788, 95%  CI=0.679-0.914, P=0.002; GG vs. TT, OR=0.683, 95%  CI=0.498-0.937, P=0.018) and Caucasians (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.833, 95%  CI=0.701-0.990, P=0.038; GG+GT vs. TT, OR=0.667, 95%  CI=0.456-0.975, P=0.037; GG vs. TT, OR=0.636, 95%  CI=0.433-0.934, P=0.021), respectively, and a possible association was found in Asian population (GG vs. GT+TT, OR=0.709, 95%  CI=0.503-0.998, P=0.049). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7116 @entity38302 gene is IBD risk factor, and this gene polymorphism is associated with @entity31 susceptibility, especially in Caucasians. To confirm these findings, further studies with more sample size are required for a definitive conclusion.

title: Association of @entity7116 @entity38302 polymorphism with susceptibility to XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: ACE inhibition protects the heart against @entity63 by reducing @entity1808 and promoting @entity1812 (BK) accumulation. Since neutral endopeptidase ( @entity8123 ) metabolizes BK, we determined its activity after induction of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and examined whether it is influenced by treatment with an ACE inhibitor or @entity1809 receptor blocker. @entity35 were studied 6 days and 3 wk after @entity1563 . Starting 48 h after @entity583 induction, additional animals were treated with the ACE inhibitor @entity9383 (2 mg x kg(-1) x day-1) or the @entity1809 blocker @entity7056 (50 mg x kg(-1) x day-1). Animals were hemodynamically characterized. Finally, @entity8123 -specific activity and BK concentrations were detected in homogenates of heart compartments. @entity9383 and @entity7056 treatment improved left ventricular function 6 days and 3 wk after @entity583 induction, and @entity8123 activity was elevated only in the infarcted area of untreated compared with sham-operated @entity35 . After 6 days, @entity7056 reversed this increase by 80% and @entity9383 by 35%. @entity9383 had no effect after 3 wk, whereas @entity7056 almost completely blocked the increased @entity8123 activity in the infarcted area and concomitantly induced a further rise in the BK concentrations. These results indicate mechanisms of @entity8123 regulation influenced by the @entity1809 receptor. Our data suggest that @entity8123 is more decisive than ACE in mediating BK degradation and may indicate BK involvement in the cardioprotective effects of @entity1809 antagonists.

title: XXXX receptor blockade increases cardiac @entity1812 via neutral endopeptidase after induction of @entity583 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity9383 :: ('MESH:C041125', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinapril', 'quinapril']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1809 :: (24180(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: ACE inhibition protects the heart against @entity63 by reducing @entity1808 and promoting @entity1812 (BK) accumulation. Since neutral endopeptidase ( @entity8123 ) metabolizes BK, we determined its activity after induction of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and examined whether it is influenced by treatment with an ACE inhibitor or @entity1809 receptor blocker. @entity35 were studied 6 days and 3 wk after @entity1563 . Starting 48 h after @entity583 induction, additional animals were treated with the ACE inhibitor @entity9383 (2 mg x kg(-1) x day-1) or the @entity1809 blocker @entity7056 (50 mg x kg(-1) x day-1). Animals were hemodynamically characterized. Finally, @entity8123 -specific activity and BK concentrations were detected in homogenates of heart compartments. @entity9383 and @entity7056 treatment improved left ventricular function 6 days and 3 wk after @entity583 induction, and @entity8123 activity was elevated only in the infarcted area of untreated compared with sham-operated @entity35 . After 6 days, @entity7056 reversed this increase by 80% and @entity9383 by 35%. @entity9383 had no effect after 3 wk, whereas @entity7056 almost completely blocked the increased @entity8123 activity in the infarcted area and concomitantly induced a further rise in the BK concentrations. These results indicate mechanisms of @entity8123 regulation influenced by the @entity1809 receptor. Our data suggest that @entity8123 is more decisive than ACE in mediating BK degradation and may indicate BK involvement in the cardioprotective effects of @entity1809 antagonists.

title: @entity1809 receptor blockade increases cardiac XXXX via neutral endopeptidase after induction of @entity583 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['bradykinin']


abstract: ACE inhibition protects the heart against @entity63 by reducing @entity1808 and promoting @entity1812 (BK) accumulation. Since neutral endopeptidase ( @entity8123 ) metabolizes BK, we determined its activity after induction of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and examined whether it is influenced by treatment with an ACE inhibitor or @entity1809 receptor blocker. @entity35 were studied 6 days and 3 wk after @entity1563 . Starting 48 h after @entity583 induction, additional animals were treated with the ACE inhibitor @entity9383 (2 mg x kg(-1) x day-1) or the @entity1809 blocker @entity7056 (50 mg x kg(-1) x day-1). Animals were hemodynamically characterized. Finally, @entity8123 -specific activity and BK concentrations were detected in homogenates of heart compartments. @entity9383 and @entity7056 treatment improved left ventricular function 6 days and 3 wk after @entity583 induction, and @entity8123 activity was elevated only in the infarcted area of untreated compared with sham-operated @entity35 . After 6 days, @entity7056 reversed this increase by 80% and @entity9383 by 35%. @entity9383 had no effect after 3 wk, whereas @entity7056 almost completely blocked the increased @entity8123 activity in the infarcted area and concomitantly induced a further rise in the BK concentrations. These results indicate mechanisms of @entity8123 regulation influenced by the @entity1809 receptor. Our data suggest that @entity8123 is more decisive than ACE in mediating BK degradation and may indicate BK involvement in the cardioprotective effects of @entity1809 antagonists.

title: @entity1809 receptor blockade increases cardiac @entity1812 via neutral endopeptidase after induction of XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: ACE inhibition protects the heart against @entity63 by reducing @entity1808 and promoting @entity1812 (BK) accumulation. Since neutral endopeptidase ( @entity8123 ) metabolizes BK, we determined its activity after induction of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and examined whether it is influenced by treatment with an ACE inhibitor or @entity1809 receptor blocker. @entity35 were studied 6 days and 3 wk after @entity1563 . Starting 48 h after @entity583 induction, additional animals were treated with the ACE inhibitor @entity9383 (2 mg x kg(-1) x day-1) or the @entity1809 blocker @entity7056 (50 mg x kg(-1) x day-1). Animals were hemodynamically characterized. Finally, @entity8123 -specific activity and BK concentrations were detected in homogenates of heart compartments. @entity9383 and @entity7056 treatment improved left ventricular function 6 days and 3 wk after @entity583 induction, and @entity8123 activity was elevated only in the infarcted area of untreated compared with sham-operated @entity35 . After 6 days, @entity7056 reversed this increase by 80% and @entity9383 by 35%. @entity9383 had no effect after 3 wk, whereas @entity7056 almost completely blocked the increased @entity8123 activity in the infarcted area and concomitantly induced a further rise in the BK concentrations. These results indicate mechanisms of @entity8123 regulation influenced by the @entity1809 receptor. Our data suggest that @entity8123 is more decisive than ACE in mediating BK degradation and may indicate BK involvement in the cardioprotective effects of @entity1809 antagonists.

title: @entity1809 receptor blockade increases cardiac @entity1812 via neutral endopeptidase after induction of @entity583 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The involvement of inhibin in the decline of the secondary surge of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was investigated in the @entity35 . After ovariectomy or treatment with inhibin antiserum conducted at 2300 hours during pro-oestrus, plasma concentrations of FSH were maintained at high levels compared with control @entity35 . However, plasma FSH started to decline at 0500 hours during oestrus in both the groups. The same treatments conducted during metoestrus markedly increased plasma FSH after 24 h (twofold compared with the treatments during pro-oestrus), suggesting that the treatments sufficiently depleted circulating inhibin. To examine whether the decline of plasma FSH occurred through a transcriptional mechanism or through a translational mechanism, @entity19610 mRNA expression and the pituitary concentration of FSH were measured. Neither ovariectomy nor inhibin immunization conducted during the night of pro-oestrus, affected the pituitary concentration of FSH after 24 h, whereas a noticeable increase was observed after the treatments conducted during metoestrus. In both stages, both ovariectomy and inhibin immunization significantly increased @entity19610 mRNA expression compared with control @entity35 . In contrast with the pituitary concentration of FSH, the effect of inhibin immunization on @entity19610 mRNA expression was not different between the stages. The present data demonstrate the involvement of inhibin in the decline of the secondary surge of FSH, and suggest that a factor or factors other than inhibin may also be responsible for the fall in FSH. Changes in the pituitary concentration of FSH and @entity19610 mRNA expression suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of FSH secretion during oestrus.

title: Contribution of endogenous inhibin to the decline of the secondary surge of follicle-stimulating hormone in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1567 exhibits important differences in anatomical distribution, histologic appearance and radiographic findings compared with the classic type of @entity1567 . The purpose of this article is to assist the dental community in better understanding this variation in @entity5 . CASE DESCRIPTIONS: The authors present two cases of @entity1567 localized in the anterior portion of the jaw. The @entity5 were expansile, destructive and painless. The radiographic findings showed diffuse, mixed (radiopaque/radiolucent) lesions with cortical @entity79 . Block excision was performed in both cases. Follow-up examination one and two years later disclosed no recurrence of @entity5 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The @entity1567 tends to infiltrate between bone trabeculae. Curettage leaves islands of @entity5 within bone, which later manifest as recurrences. Therefore, block excision is the most widely used treatment to avoid recurrence.

title: XXXX : report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'odontogenic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma', 'desmoplastic ameloblastoma', 'desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma']

answer: @entity1567 :: (MESH:D000564,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma']


abstract: AIM: To describe the age at onset, recurrence rate, and provision of care for @entity1 with @entity6008 in New Zealand. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1998, @entity1 with current @entity6008 were identified from the North Auckland and Central Auckland health districts via notification from relevant health professionals and by self-referral. All @entity1066 types were investigated. Identified cases, aged between 40 and 99 years and on the general electoral roll, were interviewed as part of a case-control study. Descriptive information relating to interviewed cases is presented. RESULTS: 241 @entity1 with @entity6008 were interviewed. The average age was 75 years and almost 60% were @entity1 . The average age at @entity1066 onset was 65 years, 59% of @entity1 had recurrent @entity1066 , and 24% had been hospitalised in the last five years because of their @entity6008 . Those @entity1 with recurrent @entity6008 had lived with their condition for an average of fifteen years, with an average time to healing for their last @entity1066 of thirteen months. Treatment of this condition was largely community-based, with 136 different treatment options employed. CONCLUSIONS: Leg ulceration remains a chronic and recurring condition, with substantial practice variation in terms of treatment. Urgent attention needs to be given to the management of leg @entity1066 @entity1 in this country, particularly given that New Zealand has a rapidly ageing population.

title: XXXX in New Zealand: age at onset, recurrence and provision of care in an urban population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['leg ulcers']

answer: @entity6008 :: (MESH:D007871,Disease) :: ['Leg ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 @entity1 with treatment-na  ve and pathologically proved @entity463 multiforme ( @entity1 = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both @entity5 and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method. RESULTS: When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and   R2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in @entity5 (P = .31), yet inferior in @entity5 for normalized relative CBV (P = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, @entity5 standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%-20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%-67%). The minimum number of @entity1 needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118-643 or 30-161 for normalized relative CBV and 109-215 or 28-54 for standardized relative CBV. CONCLUSIONS: The   R2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer @entity1 to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.

title: Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in @entity1 with Newly Diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For more widespread clinical use advanced imaging methods such as relative cerebral blood volume must be both accurate and repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of relative CBV measurements in newly diagnosed @entity463 multiforme by using several of the most commonly published estimation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relative CBV estimates were calculated from dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in double-baseline examinations for 33 @entity1 with treatment-na  ve and pathologically proved @entity463 multiforme ( @entity1 = 20; mean age = 55 years). Normalized and standardized relative CBV were calculated by using 6 common postprocessing methods. The repeatability of both normalized and standardized relative CBV, in both @entity5 and contralateral brain, was examined for each method with metrics of repeatability, including the repeatability coefficient and within-subject coefficient of variation. The minimum sample size required to detect a parameter change of 10% or 20% was also determined for both normalized relative CBV and standardized relative CBV for each estimation method. RESULTS: When ordered by the repeatability coefficient, methods using postprocessing leakage correction and   R2*(t) techniques offered superior repeatability. Across processing techniques, the standardized relative CBV repeatability in normal-appearing brain was comparable with that in @entity5 (P = .31), yet inferior in @entity5 for normalized relative CBV (P = .03). On the basis of the within-subject coefficient of variation, @entity5 standardized relative CBV estimates were less variable (13%-20%) than normalized relative CBV estimates (24%-67%). The minimum number of @entity1 needed to detect a change of 10% or 20% is 118-643 or 30-161 for normalized relative CBV and 109-215 or 28-54 for standardized relative CBV. CONCLUSIONS: The   R2* estimation methods that incorporate leakage correction offer the best repeatability for relative CBV, with standardized relative CBV being less variable and requiring fewer @entity1 to detect a change compared with normalized relative CBV.

title: Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in XXXX with Newly Diagnosed @entity463 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with various @entity65 . However, its pathophysiological relevance and the underlying mechanisms in the context of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) in endothelial cells are not fully understood. Previous findings have suggested that @entity934 ( @entity3451 ), the major @entity129 , protected against @entity130 by activating @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study investigated the role of ER stress in endothelial cells during H/R and explored the beneficial effects of @entity3451 . Our results showed that H/R triggered ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells, evidenced by the elevation of @entity413 -regulated protein 78, cleaved caspase-12 and C/EBP homologous protein expression. @entity3451 significantly decreased ER stress and @entity10730 mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling positive cells and restored ER ultrastructural changes induced by H/R, possibly via protein kinase-like ER kinase and @entity8580 -requiring kinase 1 pathways. Additionally, @entity4139 , a type-3 muscarinic @entity3451 receptor (M3 AChR) inhibitor, abolished @entity3451 -mediated increase in AMPK phosphorylation during H/R. Furthermore, M3 AChR or AMPK siRNA abrogated the @entity3451 -elicited the attenuation of ER stress in endothelial cells, indicating that the salutary effects of @entity3451 were likely mediated by M3 AChR-AMPK signaling. Overall, @entity3451 activated AMPK through M3 AChR, thereby inhibited H/R-induced ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells. We have suggested for the first time that AMPK may function as an essential intermediate step between M3 AChR stimulation and inhibition of ER stress-associated apoptotic pathway during H/R, which may help to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting ER stress to prevent or alleviate @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

title: @entity934 ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells after XXXX /reoxygenation via M3 AChR-AMPK signaling.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['vagal nerve neurotransmitter']

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity4139 :: ('MESH:C042375', 'Chemical') :: ['4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyocyte injury']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with various @entity65 . However, its pathophysiological relevance and the underlying mechanisms in the context of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R) in endothelial cells are not fully understood. Previous findings have suggested that @entity934 ( @entity3451 ), the major @entity129 , protected against @entity130 by activating @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study investigated the role of ER stress in endothelial cells during H/R and explored the beneficial effects of @entity3451 . Our results showed that H/R triggered ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells, evidenced by the elevation of @entity413 -regulated protein 78, cleaved caspase-12 and C/EBP homologous protein expression. @entity3451 significantly decreased ER stress and @entity10730 mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling positive cells and restored ER ultrastructural changes induced by H/R, possibly via protein kinase-like ER kinase and @entity8580 -requiring kinase 1 pathways. Additionally, @entity4139 , a type-3 muscarinic @entity3451 receptor (M3 AChR) inhibitor, abolished @entity3451 -mediated increase in AMPK phosphorylation during H/R. Furthermore, M3 AChR or AMPK siRNA abrogated the @entity3451 -elicited the attenuation of ER stress in endothelial cells, indicating that the salutary effects of @entity3451 were likely mediated by M3 AChR-AMPK signaling. Overall, @entity3451 activated AMPK through M3 AChR, thereby inhibited H/R-induced ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells. We have suggested for the first time that AMPK may function as an essential intermediate step between M3 AChR stimulation and inhibition of ER stress-associated apoptotic pathway during H/R, which may help to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting ER stress to prevent or alleviate @entity63 /reperfusion injury.

title: XXXX ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial cells after @entity519 /reoxygenation via M3 AChR-AMPK signaling.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: @entity23897 of the ovary are rather frequent @entity5 of the ovary. They take one fourth of all benign neoplasms of the ovary and 50-70% of @entity43 . The @entity8637 incidence is in the fifth decade. The @entity5 is bilateral in 12-20% of cases, more frequently in elder @entity1 . The @entity5 appears in cystic, papillary, adenofibromatous and mixed forms. @entity5 are usually unilocular but may be multilocular. The size of the mass varies up to 30 cm, average size is 10 cm. We report on a 62 year old @entity1 in whom a gigantic @entity23897 of the ovary, 29 kg of weight, 55 x 35 x 35 cm. in diameter, was removed. The recovery was uneventful and the @entity1 stayed symptom-free. To our best knowledge this was the largest @entity5 of this kind ever reported.

title: [Giant XXXX of the ovary].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['all serous ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cystic tumours', 'benign tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity23897 :: ('MESH:D062625', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenofibromas', 'Cystadenofibromas']

answer: @entity23897 :: (MESH:D062625,Disease) :: ['cystadenofibroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are a major cause of adult morbidity worldwide. In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of the "syndromic approach" to managing @entity2953 in low-income countries, however, there has been some controversy regarding the ongoing use of this approach. OBJECTIVES: (1) To understand the use of the syndromic approach to managing @entity2953 in low-income countries, and to determine if evidence supports its continued use. (2) To help Canadian doctors understand the past STD management of immigrant @entity1 from low-income countries, and evaluate the direct effect (if any) of such medical practices to the @entity1 's health and perception of health in Canada. METHODS: Medline was searched under the key words " @entity2953 ," "developing nations," and "syndrome," as well as "algorithms," "prevention and control," and "WHO." Research articles and data were also accessed from the Web sites of WHO, UNAIDS, Reproductive Health Online (JHSPH), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA). Data were selected based on the relevance to the topic, and research articles assessed from a methodological perspective. Most research articles were of Level II-2 evidence or lower as described using the Evaluation of Evidence criteria outlined in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Exam. RESULTS: In resource-poor countries, the use of the syndromic approach is appropriate for high-risk groups and for symptomatic individuals. However, it is still a poor screening approach when applied to asymptomatic cases, particularly in @entity1 . Risk scoring and simple laboratory tests help to increase the algorithmic sensitivity of the syndromic approach. CONCLUSION: Syndromic management involves making clinical decisions based on a @entity1 's symptoms and signs. Until inexpensive, simple, and accurate STD diagnostics are developed and made available for use in low-income countries, a modified syndromic approach is the most feasible method of STD management in these countries. It is useful for Canadian physicians to be aware of this approach especially when caring for @entity1 from these countries.

title: The syndromic approach to treatment of XXXX in low-income countries: issues, challenges, and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'Sexually transmitted diseases', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: Long-term growth retardation occurs in @entity1 and @entity2331 occur among @entity1 and adults who have been burned or suffer other injuries that result in a systemic inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to define some of the growth, and to determine cancellous and cortical bone changes that occur following @entity130 in several contrasting strains of @entity19 . Male C3H/HeN and Balb/c @entity19 were given about a 20% total @entity130 and 10 days later skeletal tissues were collected. The bone ash weights of the burned animals from both strains were less than their sham controls. In both strains, cancellous bone volumes were less in the burned animals than in their respective sham or baseline control groups. The loss of bone was particularly evident in the secondary spongiosa regions and also included a decrease in trabecular thickness and connectivity and an increase in trabecular separation. @entity851 was suppressed in the burn animals. In the burned animals, indices of cancellous bone formation were substantially reduced whereas those in cortical bone were essentially nonexistent. The numbers of osteoclasts were increased in cancellous bone, and endocortical eroded surface was increased in the burn animals. These data show that there are rapid and profound changes in skeletal growth and metabolism in an experimental model of @entity130 . In general, a greater relative response was observed in the Balb/c vs. the C3H/HeN strain. @entity130 resulted in a rapid and dramatic suppression of bone formation and endochondral growth with increased bone resorption in both cancellous and cortical bone.

title: Effects of thermal injury on skeletal metabolism in two strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Longitudinal (endochondral) growth']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenias']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['body thermal injury', 'Thermal injury', 'thermal injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A newly-designed gastrojejunostomy with duodenal partition was hypothesized to be a relatively easier and safer gastric bypass procedure in interrupting the "food reentry", as compared with antrectomy, for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with unresectable periampullary malignancy were randomized to receive gastrojejunostomy with either duodenal partition or antrectomy, in addition to biliary bypass, to compare surgical risk and efficacy of the gastric bypass between these two groups. RESULTS: Gastrojejunotomy with either duodenal partition or antrectomy could significantly shorten the gastric emptying time 6 weeks after operation. There was no significant difference between these two groups in @entity1084 ( @entity1084 ) symptoms, gastric emptying time, and time for resuming oral diet intake after operation. The median operation time was shorter in the duodenal partition group (180 min) than in the antrectomy group (240 min), p < 0.01. The median @entity190 was less in the duodenal partition group (250 ml) than in the antrectomy group (400 ml), (p = 0.01). Complications occurred in 3 (20%) @entity1 with duodenal partition and in 7 (47%) @entity1 with antrectomy, (p = 0.25). One duodenal stump leakage occurred in antrectomy group. Surgical mortality occurred in 2 @entity1 with antrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal partition, with shorter operation time and less @entity190 , had similar efficacy with antrectomy in correction of @entity1084 . Therefore, duodenal partition could be a relatively easier and safer alternative to antrectomy in interrupting the "food reentry" in gastrojejunostomy for @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 .

title: Randomized trial of gastrojejunostomy with duodenal partition versus antrectomy in unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction', 'GOO']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity409 is increasing in the United States. @entity3147 is common as @entity409 progresses. However, an accepted method to screen these @entity1 for @entity3147 is lacking. The 6-question undernutrition screening tool was developed for professionals without nutrition training to identify a decline in the nutrition status of @entity1 with @entity1575 . A 3-phase validation study was completed to assess face, content, and clinical validity of the screening tool in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: In phase I, face validity was determined by surveying 13 @entity409 professionals. In phase II, content validity was assessed by surveying 12 registered dietitians who specialize in @entity409 . In phase III, a cross-sectional investigation was completed to compare the agreement between the undernutrition screening tool and nutrition assessment by a registered dietitian (RD). RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1575 participated in phase III of the investigation. The RD assessment identified undernutrition in 82% of @entity1 (95% CI, 60%-95%). The k statistic indicated a fair agreement between the screening tool and RD assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of the tool were 72% and 75%, respectively, and positive predictive value was 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Feedback from phase I, II, and III indicate that the undernutrition screening tool is simple, is easy to use, and measures the constructs that have the strongest link with @entity409 . Additional minor adjustments to the screening tool and a multicenter investigation are indicated to confirm clinical effectiveness and @entity2915 of the tool.

title: Validation of a Screening Tool to Identify Undernutrition in Ambulatory @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['undernutrition in liver disease', 'chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-validity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['Liver Cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity409 is increasing in the United States. @entity3147 is common as @entity409 progresses. However, an accepted method to screen these @entity1 for @entity3147 is lacking. The 6-question undernutrition screening tool was developed for professionals without nutrition training to identify a decline in the nutrition status of @entity1 with @entity1575 . A 3-phase validation study was completed to assess face, content, and clinical validity of the screening tool in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: In phase I, face validity was determined by surveying 13 @entity409 professionals. In phase II, content validity was assessed by surveying 12 registered dietitians who specialize in @entity409 . In phase III, a cross-sectional investigation was completed to compare the agreement between the undernutrition screening tool and nutrition assessment by a registered dietitian (RD). RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1575 participated in phase III of the investigation. The RD assessment identified undernutrition in 82% of @entity1 (95% CI, 60%-95%). The k statistic indicated a fair agreement between the screening tool and RD assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of the tool were 72% and 75%, respectively, and positive predictive value was 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Feedback from phase I, II, and III indicate that the undernutrition screening tool is simple, is easy to use, and measures the constructs that have the strongest link with @entity409 . Additional minor adjustments to the screening tool and a multicenter investigation are indicated to confirm clinical effectiveness and @entity2915 of the tool.

title: Validation of a Screening Tool to Identify Undernutrition in Ambulatory XXXX With @entity1575 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity49 state and an increased incidence of @entity1031 are reported in @entity699 . The @entity49 state is related to an increase in plasma clotting factors, especially Factor VIII and @entity2880 factor complex, and to an impairment of fibrinolytic capacity. Retrospective analysis of postoperative @entity1031 in a large group of @entity1 with @entity699 , including 75 @entity1 (group 1) evaluated in the period from 1972-1981 not receiving anticoagulants, and 232 @entity1 (group 2), evaluated in the period from 1982-2000. @entity1 of group 1 underwent routine hemostatic function, i.e. prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastine time. @entity1 of group 2 underwent a thorough investigation as to hemostatic parameters and received prophylactic treatment with heparin and/or @entity1229 . @entity1 with @entity699 showed @entity4461 . A significant correlation between activated partial thromboplastine time and urinary free @entity701 was observed. During follow-up, 15 @entity1 (20%; mean follow-up, 9.4 +/- 6.4 yr) of group 1 and 14 (6.0%; mean follow-up, 6.6 +/- 4.2 yr) of group 2 showed @entity1031 . Of these @entity1 , eight of group 1 and one of group 2 died. Survival analysis demonstrated a significantly higher morbidity and mortality due to @entity1031 in group 1, not receiving anticoagulant prevention, than in group 2, treated with anticoagulants in the perioperative period until cure of the disease and normalization of clotting parameters. @entity699 is associated with a @entity49 state. An adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis can reverse this prothrombotic state and avoid postoperative @entity1031 .

title: Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces XXXX in @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'A hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications', 'thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['various abnormalities of hemostatic parameters']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic complications']


abstract: @entity49 state and an increased incidence of @entity1031 are reported in @entity699 . The @entity49 state is related to an increase in plasma clotting factors, especially Factor VIII and @entity2880 factor complex, and to an impairment of fibrinolytic capacity. Retrospective analysis of postoperative @entity1031 in a large group of @entity1 with @entity699 , including 75 @entity1 (group 1) evaluated in the period from 1972-1981 not receiving anticoagulants, and 232 @entity1 (group 2), evaluated in the period from 1982-2000. @entity1 of group 1 underwent routine hemostatic function, i.e. prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastine time. @entity1 of group 2 underwent a thorough investigation as to hemostatic parameters and received prophylactic treatment with heparin and/or @entity1229 . @entity1 with @entity699 showed @entity4461 . A significant correlation between activated partial thromboplastine time and urinary free @entity701 was observed. During follow-up, 15 @entity1 (20%; mean follow-up, 9.4 +/- 6.4 yr) of group 1 and 14 (6.0%; mean follow-up, 6.6 +/- 4.2 yr) of group 2 showed @entity1031 . Of these @entity1 , eight of group 1 and one of group 2 died. Survival analysis demonstrated a significantly higher morbidity and mortality due to @entity1031 in group 1, not receiving anticoagulant prevention, than in group 2, treated with anticoagulants in the perioperative period until cure of the disease and normalization of clotting parameters. @entity699 is associated with a @entity49 state. An adequate anticoagulant prophylaxis can reverse this prothrombotic state and avoid postoperative @entity1031 .

title: Anticoagulant prophylaxis markedly reduces @entity1031 in XXXX .

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Long noncoding RNA Hotair has been considered as a pro-oncogene in multiple @entity5 . Although there is a group of emerging evidence which reveals its biological function and the association with clinical prognosis, the precise mechanism remains largely elusive. METHODS: We investigated the function and mechanism of Hotair in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell models and a xenograft @entity19 model. The regulatory network between miR-218 and Hotair was elucidated by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the corrections between Hotair, miR-218 and the target gene @entity3752 were evaluated in 52 paired @entity157 specimens. RESULTS: In this study, we reported that Hotair negatively regulated miR-218 expression in @entity157 , which might be mediated through an EZH2-targeting-miR-218-2 promoter regulatory axis. Further investigation revealed that Hotair knockdown dramatically inhibited cell viability and induced G1-phase arrest in vitro and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo by promoting miR-218 expression. Oncogene @entity3752 was demonstrated to be a functional target of miR-218 and the main downstream targets @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity986 (ARF) signaling were activated in Hotair-suppressed tumorigenesis. In primary @entity1 @entity157 specimens, Hotair and @entity3752 were concordantly upregulated whereas miR-218 was downregulated in these tissues. Furthermore, Hotair was inversely associated with miR-218 expression and positively correlated with @entity3752 expression in these clinical tissues. CONCLUSION: Hotair silence activates @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity986 (ARF) signaling by enhancing miR-218 expression and suppressing @entity3752 expression, resulting in the suppression of tumorigenesis in @entity157 .

title: Hotair Mediates Hepatocarcinogenesis through Suppressing MiRNA-218 Expression and Activating XXXX and @entity986 Signaling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['P14']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Long noncoding RNA Hotair has been considered as a pro-oncogene in multiple @entity5 . Although there is a group of emerging evidence which reveals its biological function and the association with clinical prognosis, the precise mechanism remains largely elusive. METHODS: We investigated the function and mechanism of Hotair in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell models and a xenograft @entity19 model. The regulatory network between miR-218 and Hotair was elucidated by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, the corrections between Hotair, miR-218 and the target gene @entity3752 were evaluated in 52 paired @entity157 specimens. RESULTS: In this study, we reported that Hotair negatively regulated miR-218 expression in @entity157 , which might be mediated through an EZH2-targeting-miR-218-2 promoter regulatory axis. Further investigation revealed that Hotair knockdown dramatically inhibited cell viability and induced G1-phase arrest in vitro and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo by promoting miR-218 expression. Oncogene @entity3752 was demonstrated to be a functional target of miR-218 and the main downstream targets @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity986 (ARF) signaling were activated in Hotair-suppressed tumorigenesis. In primary @entity1 @entity157 specimens, Hotair and @entity3752 were concordantly upregulated whereas miR-218 was downregulated in these tissues. Furthermore, Hotair was inversely associated with miR-218 expression and positively correlated with @entity3752 expression in these clinical tissues. CONCLUSION: Hotair silence activates @entity986 ( @entity986 ) and @entity986 (ARF) signaling by enhancing miR-218 expression and suppressing @entity3752 expression, resulting in the suppression of tumorigenesis in @entity157 .

title: Hotair Mediates Hepatocarcinogenesis through Suppressing MiRNA-218 Expression and Activating @entity986 and XXXX Signaling.

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['P16']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: It has been hypothesized that etiology of @entity393 may serve as an independent variable in performance after cochlear implantation. To test this hypothesis, the authors identified pediatric cochlear implant recipients with @entity3492 ( @entity3492 )-related @entity2319 . The study examines performance outcomes associated with @entity3492 @entity2319 -causing allele variants. STUDY DESIGN: Pediatric cochlear implant @entity1 were screened for @entity3492 allele variants; statistical comparisons were made with prospectively obtained performance measures. METHODS: From 181 @entity1 who participated in a nationwide cochlear implant research program, 122 @entity1 were identified with @entity6363 and invited to participate. Screening for @entity3492 allele variants was completed for 55 @entity1 . The @entity1 were homogeneous with respect to age (8 or 9 y) and age at implant (before age 5 y). All @entity1 have previously undergone a prospective regimented battery of performance measures. RESULTS: Performance measures were compared between 22 @entity1 with and 33 @entity1 without mutations to determine whether @entity3492 status was a significant predictor of cochlear implant outcomes. Reading and cognitive outcomes were significantly dependent on connexin status. The group of @entity1 who tested positive for @entity3492 -related @entity2319 scored significantly higher on a nonverbal cognitive measure, Block Design, and on a measure of reading comprehension. CONCLUSION: The isolated insult to the cochlea created by @entity3492 allele variants allows for preservation of central cognitive function. Better reading performance is seen in @entity1 with @entity3492 -related @entity2319 .

title: The effect of XXXX allele variants on performance after cochlear implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3492 :: ('2706', 'Gene') :: ['gap junction protein beta2', 'GJB2']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['GJB2']


abstract: @entity7063 ( @entity7063 ) and related diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired telomere maintenance, known collectively as the telomeropathies. Disease-causing variants have been identified in 10 telomere-related genes including the reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) and the RNA component ( @entity7066 ) of the telomerase complex. Variants in @entity7066 and @entity2215 can impede telomere elongation causing stem cells to enter premature replicative senescence and/or apoptosis as telomeres become critically short. This explains the major impact of the disease on highly proliferative tissues such as the bone marrow and skin. However, telomerase variants are not always fully penetrant and in some families disease-causing variants are seen in asymptomatic family members. As a result, determining the pathogenic status of newly identified variants in @entity7066 or @entity2215 can be quite challenging. Over a 3-year period, we have identified 26 telomerase variants (16 of which are novel) in 23 families. Additional investigations (including family segregation and functional studies) enabled these to be categorized into 3 groups: (1) disease-causing (n = 15), (2) uncertain status (n = 6), and (3) bystanders (n = 5). Remarkably, this process has also enabled us to identify families with novel mechanisms of inheriting @entity1 telomeropathies. These include triallelic mutations, involving 2 different telomerase genes, and an epigenetic-like inheritance of short telomeres in the absence of a telomerase mutation. This study therefore highlights that telomerase variants have highly variable functional and clinical manifestations and require thorough investigation to assess their pathogenic contribution.

title: Triallelic and epigenetic-like inheritance in XXXX disorders of telomerase.

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskeratosis congenita', 'DC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to public health worldwide. This disease primarily affects @entity1 and is caused by the presence in the digestive tract of a @entity9124 of @entity235 , @entity5603 , or @entity468 , @entity9157 . Toxocara is responsible for the presentation of various syndromes in @entity1 depending on the affected organs. METHODS: In this study, the prevalence of anti-T. canis antibodies was investigated in @entity1 aged 3-16 years from semirural populations in the municipalities of Amecameca and Chalco in M  xico. An ELISA was used to determine the presence of anti-T. canis antibodies in blood samples. RESULTS: Of the 183 sera obtained for this study, 22 were positive for anti-T. canis antibodies (12.02  %). Of these, 6.50  % were from males and 5.4  % were from females. Risk factors were investigated and it was found that living near a @entity291 operation had a statistically significant association with (Chi(2)   =   5.51 and p   =   0.01) and was a risk factor for (OR   =   4.25, p   =   0.02) seropositivity to @entity5603 . Keeping @entity235 with short hair (Chi(2)   =   3.24 and p   =   0.07) showed a tendency toward seropositivity for @entity5603 , as did the habit of sleeping with pets (Chi(2)   =   3.46 and p   =   0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Seropositivity to @entity5603 was confirmed in @entity1 in the Amecameca and Chalco regions of M  xico and the risk factors were identified. These findings provide important insight into the prevalence and spread of this zoonotic parasite.

title: Presence of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies and risk factors in XXXX from the Amecameca and Chalco regions of M  xico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity9157 :: ('6266', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara cati']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis', 'T. canis']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['common roundworm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Accurate staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity2 is fundamental for their treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare the value of EUS and CT staging in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with postsurgical stage. METHODS: Ninety two @entity1 with @entity1149 underwent EUS and CT for preoperative detection of metastases to the mediastinal lymph nodes. EUS examinations were done with the ultrasonic linear array scanning echoendoscope (FG 32 UA, Hitachi/Pentax), CT-Toshiba Exvision GX scanner, with 24-s spiral acquisition, pitch 1:1 (7 mm collimation, 4 mm reconstruction index), during i.v. administration of non-ionic iodinated contrast media. RESULTS: The frequency of mediastinal involvement was 22.7%. The regions most accessible by EUS evaluation were subaortic, subcarinal and paraoesophageal lymph nodes. On a per- @entity1 basis, EUS and CT results were: sensitivity 70.0 and 60.0%, specificity 80.6 and 72.6%, accuracy 77.2 and 68.5%. On a per-sites basis, the sensitivity of EUS evaluation was 78.8%, specificity 89.9%, accuracy 87.7%, comparing with CT-63.6, 84.0, 79.9%, respectively. When the EUS and CT images were analysed in combination, the sensitivity increased to 86.4%. CONCLUSION: We believe that EUS and CT should be used together for preoperative non-invasive staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: The preoperative study of mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis in XXXX by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and helical computed tomography (CT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The aim of the study is to compare results of three association (case-control) studies in three @entity74 ( @entity101 , @entity66 and @entity1569 ) with two polymorphisms of @entity2178 gene ( @entity7742 and A(-6)G). The diseases were chosen for their multigenic base and different immunological characteristic ( @entity1198 , Th2 and Thps) and @entity2178 gene for its pleiotropic functional effects in general adaptive reactions. In all (control as well as case) groups, tight linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms was found. The strength of linkage (%) differed among the group. The direction of the linkage is identical in all groups (T is combined with A, M is combined with G). In @entity101 -normotensive study, only Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria were found, especially in @entity1 . No case-control differences were found for either single alleles or for allelic concurrence of both polymorphisms. In atopy-control study, marginal case-control differences in single allele distribution of both polymorphisms were found, but only in @entity1 . In @entity1569 -control study, the only significant case-control difference was found,when genotypes MTAA and MTGG were present in 2/136 psoriatic @entity1 vs. 20/142 control subjects (OR 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.42, P=0.00015). The frequent polymorphisms in pleiotropic genes can form different formulae of genotype distribution in different multigenic diseases according to their contribution to the onset and/or progression of the disease in some evolutionary consequences.

title: Polymorphisms in @entity2178 gene ( @entity7742 and G(-6)A) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['essential hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disorders']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['multifactorial diseases']


abstract: The aim of the study is to compare results of three association (case-control) studies in three @entity74 ( @entity101 , @entity66 and @entity1569 ) with two polymorphisms of @entity2178 gene ( @entity7742 and A(-6)G). The diseases were chosen for their multigenic base and different immunological characteristic ( @entity1198 , Th2 and Thps) and @entity2178 gene for its pleiotropic functional effects in general adaptive reactions. In all (control as well as case) groups, tight linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms was found. The strength of linkage (%) differed among the group. The direction of the linkage is identical in all groups (T is combined with A, M is combined with G). In @entity101 -normotensive study, only Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria were found, especially in @entity1 . No case-control differences were found for either single alleles or for allelic concurrence of both polymorphisms. In atopy-control study, marginal case-control differences in single allele distribution of both polymorphisms were found, but only in @entity1 . In @entity1569 -control study, the only significant case-control difference was found,when genotypes MTAA and MTGG were present in 2/136 psoriatic @entity1 vs. 20/142 control subjects (OR 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.42, P=0.00015). The frequent polymorphisms in pleiotropic genes can form different formulae of genotype distribution in different multigenic diseases according to their contribution to the onset and/or progression of the disease in some evolutionary consequences.

title: Polymorphisms in XXXX gene ( @entity7742 and G(-6)A) in @entity66 .

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensinogen']


abstract: The aim of the study is to compare results of three association (case-control) studies in three @entity74 ( @entity101 , @entity66 and @entity1569 ) with two polymorphisms of @entity2178 gene ( @entity7742 and A(-6)G). The diseases were chosen for their multigenic base and different immunological characteristic ( @entity1198 , Th2 and Thps) and @entity2178 gene for its pleiotropic functional effects in general adaptive reactions. In all (control as well as case) groups, tight linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms was found. The strength of linkage (%) differed among the group. The direction of the linkage is identical in all groups (T is combined with A, M is combined with G). In @entity101 -normotensive study, only Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria were found, especially in @entity1 . No case-control differences were found for either single alleles or for allelic concurrence of both polymorphisms. In atopy-control study, marginal case-control differences in single allele distribution of both polymorphisms were found, but only in @entity1 . In @entity1569 -control study, the only significant case-control difference was found,when genotypes MTAA and MTGG were present in 2/136 psoriatic @entity1 vs. 20/142 control subjects (OR 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.42, P=0.00015). The frequent polymorphisms in pleiotropic genes can form different formulae of genotype distribution in different multigenic diseases according to their contribution to the onset and/or progression of the disease in some evolutionary consequences.

title: Polymorphisms in @entity2178 gene ( XXXX and G(-6)A) in @entity66 .

answer: @entity7742 :: (p|SUB|M|235|T,ProteinMutation) :: ['M235T']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of weekly Irinotecan ( @entity2600 ) plus UFT, and to assess the antitumour activity of this combination as second-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , 31 @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated. Cohorts of 3 @entity1 received increasing dose levels of the combination. Levels 1 to 4 included a fixed dose of oral (p.o.) UFT (250 mg/m(2)/day) for 21 days of a 28-day cycle combined with increasing intravenous (i.v.) doses of @entity2600 (80, 100, 110 and 120 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. Levels 5 and 6 included a higher fixed dose of oral UFT (300 mg/m(2)) combined with increasing i.v. doses of @entity2600 (100 and 110 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. 147 courses were administered. MTD were reached at level 4 (2 cases of grade 4 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1395 ), and level 6 (1 grade 4 @entity294 , 1 grade 3 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1398 ). Responses in 30 evaluable @entity1 were: 3 partial responses (10%), 15 stable disease (50%) and progressive disease in 12 @entity1 (40%). Median time to progression was 4.5 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.4-6.6 months) and median survival was 11 months (95% CI: 7.9-14.1 months). The recommended doses for phase II trials are: (a) @entity2600 110 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days plus UFT 250 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1 through to 21 or (b) @entity2600 100 mg/m(2) and UFT 300 mg/m(2).

title: Phase I trial of weekly @entity2600 combined with UFT as second-line treatment for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of weekly Irinotecan ( @entity2600 ) plus UFT, and to assess the antitumour activity of this combination as second-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , 31 @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated. Cohorts of 3 @entity1 received increasing dose levels of the combination. Levels 1 to 4 included a fixed dose of oral (p.o.) UFT (250 mg/m(2)/day) for 21 days of a 28-day cycle combined with increasing intravenous (i.v.) doses of @entity2600 (80, 100, 110 and 120 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. Levels 5 and 6 included a higher fixed dose of oral UFT (300 mg/m(2)) combined with increasing i.v. doses of @entity2600 (100 and 110 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. 147 courses were administered. MTD were reached at level 4 (2 cases of grade 4 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1395 ), and level 6 (1 grade 4 @entity294 , 1 grade 3 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1398 ). Responses in 30 evaluable @entity1 were: 3 partial responses (10%), 15 stable disease (50%) and progressive disease in 12 @entity1 (40%). Median time to progression was 4.5 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.4-6.6 months) and median survival was 11 months (95% CI: 7.9-14.1 months). The recommended doses for phase II trials are: (a) @entity2600 110 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days plus UFT 250 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1 through to 21 or (b) @entity2600 100 mg/m(2) and UFT 300 mg/m(2).

title: Phase I trial of weekly XXXX combined with UFT as second-line treatment for advanced @entity14 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define high resolution computed tomography findings in the external, middle and inner ear of @entity1 with @entity9905 and to emphasize the importance of these findings in the preoperative evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty one @entity1 with @entity9905 (14 male, 7 female) aged between 1-30 years were evaluated with high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone. A Toshiba TCT-600 scanner was used in 11 cases, and a Xvision/GX scanner was used in 10 cases. Sections 1 mm thick were obtained in axial and coronal projections using high bone detail algorithms. Sagittal reformations were also made when necessary. RESULTS: Forty-two ears in 21 @entity1 with @entity9905 were studied. These included 8 @entity1 with high bilateral and 13 with unilateral @entity9905 in which 8 @entity1 had right sided and 5 @entity1 had left sided @entity1146 . @entity850 of the external auditory canal was found in 11 ears, complete @entity1146 was found in 13 ears, incomplete @entity1146 was found in 1 ear. There was varied @entity85 in 18 ears. Anomalies of the stapes and oval window were found in 6 ears. An anteriorly located @entity2103 was identified in 11 ears. An inferiorly located tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal was identified in 2 ears, and 3 ears had an abnormal posterior orientation of the mandibular condyles. Only 2 @entity1 had associated @entity389 . CONCLUSION: High resolution computed tomography is an effective method for the evaluation of the anomalies of the external, middle and inner ear in @entity1 with @entity9905 and for planning the surgical treatment.

title: [HRCT findings in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aural atresia']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['ossicular deformity']

answer: @entity9905 :: (MESH:C564321,Disease) :: ['congenital aural atresia']


abstract: Sex @entity134 hormones are thought, among several other risk factors, to play a role in liver @entity5 . For example, from epidemiological studies in @entity157 ( @entity157 ), a clear disadvantage for male sex is evident. In addition, elevated levels of serum @entity251 (T) and increased T to @entity53 (E(2)) ratio have been reported to predict an increased risk of @entity157 for male cirrhotic @entity1 . On the other hand, palliative treatment of @entity96 patients with anti-hormones has been widely used in the past. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sex @entity134 action on either normal or transformed liver cells, have not yet been fully clarified, nor endocrine discriminants have been satisfactorily assessed for an adequate characterization of @entity96 tissues. In this paper, we report studies on hormonal status of @entity1 liver tissues and cells, especially focusing on @entity3800 , to better define endocrine end-points of interest for @entity157 . A consistent evidence from ex vivo or in vitro systems strongly suggests that high affinity binding sites of @entity3800 are expressed at sufficient concentrations to induce a biological response in either normal or phenotipically transformed hepatocytes; in the latter, however, high heterogeneity and/or more scattering concentrations were encountered. Further, experimental data seem to suggest that lack of response to @entity3800 may be due to a rapid metabolic conversion of @entity230 by neoplastic tissues and cells. @entity5 hepatocytes privilege in fact 5beta more than 5alpha metabolic pathway of @entity3800 . This may eventually lead biologically active @entity3800 to be transformed into less active derivatives, as it occurs for T which is massively converted (>90% at 6 h) thus hindering the whole mechanism of action of @entity3800 .

title: Altered androgen metabolism eventually leads XXXX to an impaired hormone responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise or stretching intervention and changes in @entity410 , body mass index, or time spent outdoors on self-reported sleep quality and to examine the relationship between the amount and timing of exercise and sleep quality. DESIGN: A randomized intervention trial. SETTING: A @entity5 research center in Seattle, Washington. @entity1 : Postmenopausal, overweight or @entity28 , sedentary @entity1 not taking hormone replacement therapy, aged 50 to 75 years, and recruited from the Seattle metropolitan area. INTERVENTIONS: A yearlong moderate-intensity exercise (n=87) and a low-intensity stretching (n=86) program. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Among morning exercisers, those who exercised at least 225 minutes per week had less @entity998 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.3, P < or = .05) compared with those who exercised less than 180 minutes per week. However, among evening exercisers, those who exercised at least 225 minutes per week had more @entity998 (OR: 3.3, P < or = .05) compared to those who exercised less than 180 minutes per week. Stretchers were less likely to use sleep medication (OR = 0.4, P < or = .05) and have @entity998 (OR: 0.7, P < or = .10) during the intervention period compared with baseline. A greater than 10% versus a 1% or less increase in maximum O2 consumption over the year was associated with longer sleep duration (P < or = .05), less frequently falling asleep during quiet activities (P < or = .05), and less use of sleep medication (P < or = .05). Reductions in body mass index and increases in time spent outdoors had inconsistent effects on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS: Both stretching and exercise interventions may improve sleep quality in sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal @entity1 . Increased @entity410 was associated with improvements in sleep. However, the effect of moderate-intensity exercise may depend on the amount of exercise and time of day it is performed.

title: Effects of a yearlong moderate-intensity exercise and a stretching intervention on sleep quality in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['trouble falling asleep']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: AIM: To describe the diurnal, weekly and seasonal rhythm among @entity1 suffering from out of hospital @entity1167 in Sweden. METHODS: All @entity1 in Sweden between 1990 and 1999 participating in a National Registry covering 65% of all @entity1 suffering from out of hospital @entity1167 where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted. Only @entity1 with a @entity1167 of a cardiac aetiology and aged > 18 years were included in the survey. RESULTS: 10,868 @entity1 fulfilled inclusion criteria. In terms of the diurnal rhythm, there was a progressive increase in the development of @entity1167 from 06:00 h, reaching a peak at about 10:00 h. Thereafter, there was a progressive decline until 05:00 h. The diurnal rhythm was more marked among @entity1 aged > 65 years and among @entity1 in whom the arrest occurred outside home. There was a weekly rhythm with an increased incidence of @entity1167 on Mondays. This was particularly evident among @entity1 aged < 66 years and among @entity1 . A @entity1167 occurred most frequently in January and December. This was particularly observed in the large cities. CONCLUSION: We found that out of hospital @entity1167 of a cardiac etiology has a diurnal, weekly and seasonal rhythm occurring most frequently in the morning hours, on Mondays and in December and January. Age, sex and place of arrest influence these rhythms.

title: Diurnal, weekly and seasonal rhythm of out of hospital XXXX in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 and families commonly experience spiritual stress during an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) admission. Although most @entity1 report that they want spiritual support, little is known about how these issues are addressed by hospital chaplains. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence, timing, and nature of hospital chaplain encounters in ICUs. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of adult ICUs at an academic medical center. Measures included days from @entity1213 admission to initial chaplain visit, days from chaplain visit to @entity1213 @entity204 or discharge, hospital and @entity1213 lengths of stay, severity of illness at @entity1213 admission and chaplain visit, and chart documentation of chaplain communication with the @entity1213 team. RESULTS: Of a total of 4169 @entity1213 admissions over six months, 248 (5.9%) @entity1 were seen by chaplains. Of the 246 @entity1 who died in an @entity1213 , 197 (80%) were seen by a chaplain. There was a median of two days from @entity1213 admission to chaplain encounter and a median of one day from chaplain encounter to @entity1213 discharge or @entity204 . Chaplains communicated with nurses after 141 encounters (56.9%) but with physicians after only 14 encounters (5.6%); there was no documented communication in 55 encounters (22%). CONCLUSION: In the ICUs at this tertiary medical center, chaplain visits are uncommon and generally occur just before @entity204 among @entity1213 @entity1 . Communication between chaplains and physicians is rare. Chaplaincy service is primarily reserved for dying @entity1 and their family members rather than providing proactive spiritual support. These observations highlight the need to better understand challenges and barriers to optimal chaplain involvement in @entity1213 @entity1 care.

title: "The XXXX is Dying, Please Call the Chaplain": The Activities of Chaplains in One Medical Center's Intensive Care Units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study possible synergistic effects of oats and soy on reducing total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) concentrations in @entity1 beings and the efficacy and feasibility of including these adjustments to a National @entity165 Education Program Step I diet. SUBJECT/SETTING: One hundred twenty-seven postmenopausal @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 were recruited from a large Midwestern workforce and senior centers in the surrounding community. Intervention and clinical visits were conducted in these same facilities. DESIGN: After a 3-week lead-in period on the Step I diet, @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for an additional 6 weeks: an oats/milk group, a @entity3505 /soy group, an oats/soy group, and a @entity3505 /milk group. Clinical measurements included blood draws, body weight and height, blood pressure, and medical history data. Three-day food records were collected at baseline and Weeks 3 and 9 of the intervention. Randomization was stratified based on the status of hormone replacement therapy and was blocked with sizes 4 or 8 for group assignment. RESULTS: After 3 weeks on the Step I diet, total @entity165 , LDL-C, and @entity412 levels; total fat and saturated fat intake, dietary @entity165 intake, Keys score, and body mass index were all reduced. Following an additional 6 weeks on the Step I diet plus intervention, total @entity165 and LDL-C were further reduced for both the oats/soy group and oats/milk group. There were no significant further changes in total @entity165 , LDL-C, or high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels in the @entity3505 /soy and @entity3505 /milk groups. Body mass index remained stable in all groups from Week 3 to Week 9. APPLICATIONS: Nonpharmacologic dietary interventions like the Step I diet are feasible in a community setting and can produce rapid and significant lipid-lowering benefits. Daily consumption of 2 servings of oats can contribute to further lipid alterations in this population although soy intake at this dose may not. Palatability and convenience are important considerations in achieving dietary adherence.

title: Oats and soy in lipid-lowering diets for @entity1 with XXXX : is there synergy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study possible synergistic effects of oats and soy on reducing total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) concentrations in @entity1 beings and the efficacy and feasibility of including these adjustments to a National @entity165 Education Program Step I diet. SUBJECT/SETTING: One hundred twenty-seven postmenopausal @entity1 with moderate @entity1007 were recruited from a large Midwestern workforce and senior centers in the surrounding community. Intervention and clinical visits were conducted in these same facilities. DESIGN: After a 3-week lead-in period on the Step I diet, @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for an additional 6 weeks: an oats/milk group, a @entity3505 /soy group, an oats/soy group, and a @entity3505 /milk group. Clinical measurements included blood draws, body weight and height, blood pressure, and medical history data. Three-day food records were collected at baseline and Weeks 3 and 9 of the intervention. Randomization was stratified based on the status of hormone replacement therapy and was blocked with sizes 4 or 8 for group assignment. RESULTS: After 3 weeks on the Step I diet, total @entity165 , LDL-C, and @entity412 levels; total fat and saturated fat intake, dietary @entity165 intake, Keys score, and body mass index were all reduced. Following an additional 6 weeks on the Step I diet plus intervention, total @entity165 and LDL-C were further reduced for both the oats/soy group and oats/milk group. There were no significant further changes in total @entity165 , LDL-C, or high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels in the @entity3505 /soy and @entity3505 /milk groups. Body mass index remained stable in all groups from Week 3 to Week 9. APPLICATIONS: Nonpharmacologic dietary interventions like the Step I diet are feasible in a community setting and can produce rapid and significant lipid-lowering benefits. Daily consumption of 2 servings of oats can contribute to further lipid alterations in this population although soy intake at this dose may not. Palatability and convenience are important considerations in achieving dietary adherence.

title: Oats and soy in lipid-lowering diets for XXXX with @entity1007 : is there synergy?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: SETTING: Thirty-eight district and mission hospitals in Malawi. OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 registered with all types of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in 1997 to determine 1) treatment outcomes, and 2) when in the course of anti- @entity378 treatment @entity378 @entity204 occurred. DESIGN: A retrospective study using information from @entity378 registers, health centre registers, @entity378 treatment cards and @entity378 ward admission books. RESULTS: A total of 16,004 @entity1 were registered with all types of @entity378 , 6471 with smear-positive @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ), 5305 with smear-negative @entity1907 and 4228 with @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ). Of @entity1 with all types of @entity378 , 3720 (23%) died: @entity204 rates were 22% in smear-positive @entity1907 , 26% in smear-negative @entity1907 and 22% in @entity1907 . Month of @entity204 was known in 3371 @entity1 (91% of those who died) and day of @entity204 in 3326 @entity1 (89% of those who died). In @entity1 who died, 19% of @entity204 occurred by day 7 and 41% by the end of the first month of treatment. A higher proportion of early @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with smear-negative @entity1907 and @entity1907 and in relation to increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high overall @entity204 rate in @entity378 @entity1 registered in 1997, with 40% of @entity204 occurring in the first month of treatment. Strategies to combat this problem are needed.

title: High early @entity204 rate in XXXX @entity1 in Malawi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'EPTB', 'extra-pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: SETTING: Thirty-eight district and mission hospitals in Malawi. OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 registered with all types of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in 1997 to determine 1) treatment outcomes, and 2) when in the course of anti- @entity378 treatment @entity378 @entity204 occurred. DESIGN: A retrospective study using information from @entity378 registers, health centre registers, @entity378 treatment cards and @entity378 ward admission books. RESULTS: A total of 16,004 @entity1 were registered with all types of @entity378 , 6471 with smear-positive @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ), 5305 with smear-negative @entity1907 and 4228 with @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ). Of @entity1 with all types of @entity378 , 3720 (23%) died: @entity204 rates were 22% in smear-positive @entity1907 , 26% in smear-negative @entity1907 and 22% in @entity1907 . Month of @entity204 was known in 3371 @entity1 (91% of those who died) and day of @entity204 in 3326 @entity1 (89% of those who died). In @entity1 who died, 19% of @entity204 occurred by day 7 and 41% by the end of the first month of treatment. A higher proportion of early @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with smear-negative @entity1907 and @entity1907 and in relation to increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high overall @entity204 rate in @entity378 @entity1 registered in 1997, with 40% of @entity204 occurring in the first month of treatment. Strategies to combat this problem are needed.

title: High early XXXX rate in @entity378 @entity1 in Malawi.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: SETTING: Thirty-eight district and mission hospitals in Malawi. OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 registered with all types of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in 1997 to determine 1) treatment outcomes, and 2) when in the course of anti- @entity378 treatment @entity378 @entity204 occurred. DESIGN: A retrospective study using information from @entity378 registers, health centre registers, @entity378 treatment cards and @entity378 ward admission books. RESULTS: A total of 16,004 @entity1 were registered with all types of @entity378 , 6471 with smear-positive @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ), 5305 with smear-negative @entity1907 and 4228 with @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ). Of @entity1 with all types of @entity378 , 3720 (23%) died: @entity204 rates were 22% in smear-positive @entity1907 , 26% in smear-negative @entity1907 and 22% in @entity1907 . Month of @entity204 was known in 3371 @entity1 (91% of those who died) and day of @entity204 in 3326 @entity1 (89% of those who died). In @entity1 who died, 19% of @entity204 occurred by day 7 and 41% by the end of the first month of treatment. A higher proportion of early @entity204 occurred in @entity1 with smear-negative @entity1907 and @entity1907 and in relation to increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high overall @entity204 rate in @entity378 @entity1 registered in 1997, with 40% of @entity204 occurring in the first month of treatment. Strategies to combat this problem are needed.

title: High early @entity204 rate in @entity378 XXXX in Malawi.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Primary cultures of @entity1 monocyte-derived macrophages (n = 50) were characterized in order to use this cellular model to establish a proteomic map of macrophages. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy donors' blood using density gradient centrifugation. The cell culture quality was checked in respect of several morphological and molecular aspects. The homogeneity and purity of cells was assessed after 12 days' primary culture with phase microscopy, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Monocytes were completely differentiated into macrophages within 12 days as shown by phase microscopy. On day 12, all cells expressed @entity469 antigen and were negative for CD3. Flow cytometry experiments showed a purity of the primary culture on day 12, in a range between 76% and 98% of @entity5750 + cells. The functionality of cells was characterized for the presence of @entity17614 as an intracellular marker and for the presence of @entity1495 as a marker secreted into the culture medium. This study allowed to determine criteria of quality and functionality for the primary culture of monocyte-derived macrophages. Cultures meeting these criteria will be used for the proteomic analysis and the establishment of the reference map.

title: Morphology, homogeneity and functionality of XXXX monocytes-derived macrophages.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']