abstract: The water-insoluble proteins from aged @entity1 lens are known to contain protein-bound chromophores that act as UVA senisitizers. The irradiation of a sonication-solubilized, water-insoluble fraction from @entity1 lenses (55-75 years) with UVA light (1.5 kJ/cm2, gamma > 338nm) caused an @entity26 -dependent photolysis of @entity2340 , not seen when either alpha-crystallin or lysozyme were irradiated. The suggested requirement for active @entity26 species was consistent with a linear increase in @entity273 formation, which was also observed. A final concentration of 55 microM @entity274 was attained, with no @entity274 being detected in either dark-incubated controls or in irradiated samples of native proteins. The UVA-dependent @entity274 formation was increased 50% by @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and abolished by catalase, arguing for the initial generation of @entity224 anion. A linear photolysis of @entity3793 and @entity2340 was also seen; however, the addition of SOD or SOD and catalase had no effect on the photolytic destruction of either @entity535 . @entity224 dismutase increased the oxidation of protein SH groups implicating @entity274 , but SOD and catalase caused a decrease in SH oxidation only at later time periods. The direct addition of @entity274 to a water-insoluble sonicate supernatant fraction caused only a slight oxidation of SH groups, but this was increased four- to eight-fold when the protein was denatured in 4.0 M @entity2097 . Overall, the data suggest a UVA-dependent oxidation of protein SH groups via @entity274 generated within the large protein aggregates of the water-insoluble fraction. These data also provide a mechanism for oxidation of the @entity599 -containing @entity1522 in vivo--a process that is known to accompany the formation of age-onset @entity231 .

title: The generation of XXXX by the UVA irradiation of @entity1 lens proteins.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: The water-insoluble proteins from aged @entity1 lens are known to contain protein-bound chromophores that act as UVA senisitizers. The irradiation of a sonication-solubilized, water-insoluble fraction from @entity1 lenses (55-75 years) with UVA light (1.5 kJ/cm2, gamma > 338nm) caused an @entity26 -dependent photolysis of @entity2340 , not seen when either alpha-crystallin or lysozyme were irradiated. The suggested requirement for active @entity26 species was consistent with a linear increase in @entity273 formation, which was also observed. A final concentration of 55 microM @entity274 was attained, with no @entity274 being detected in either dark-incubated controls or in irradiated samples of native proteins. The UVA-dependent @entity274 formation was increased 50% by @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and abolished by catalase, arguing for the initial generation of @entity224 anion. A linear photolysis of @entity3793 and @entity2340 was also seen; however, the addition of SOD or SOD and catalase had no effect on the photolytic destruction of either @entity535 . @entity224 dismutase increased the oxidation of protein SH groups implicating @entity274 , but SOD and catalase caused a decrease in SH oxidation only at later time periods. The direct addition of @entity274 to a water-insoluble sonicate supernatant fraction caused only a slight oxidation of SH groups, but this was increased four- to eight-fold when the protein was denatured in 4.0 M @entity2097 . Overall, the data suggest a UVA-dependent oxidation of protein SH groups via @entity274 generated within the large protein aggregates of the water-insoluble fraction. These data also provide a mechanism for oxidation of the @entity599 -containing @entity1522 in vivo--a process that is known to accompany the formation of age-onset @entity231 .

title: The generation of @entity273 by the UVA irradiation of XXXX lens proteins.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The incidence of postoperative abdominal bulge, @entity547 , and the ability to do sit-ups was reviewed in a series of 268 @entity1 who had undergone free @entity20231 (FTRAM) or conventional @entity20231 (CTRAM) flap breast reconstruction. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. @entity1 were divided into four groups: unilateral FTRAM (FT1P; n = 123), double-pedicle bilateral FTRAM (FT2P; n = 45), single-pedicle CTRAM (CT1P; n = 40), and double-pedicle or bilateral CTRAM (CT2P; n = 60). The incidence of abdominal bulges (3.8 percent) and @entity547 (2.6 percent) was similar in the four groups. Synthetic mesh, however, was required for reinforcement of donor site closure twice as often in the CTRAM @entity1 . The ability to perform sit-ups was greatest in the FT1P group (63.0 percent), slightly lower in the CT1P group (57.1 percent), still lower in the FT2P group (46.2 percent), and lowest in the CT2P group (27.1 percent; p = 0.0005). @entity1 reconstructed with an FTRAM flap were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (58.3 percent) than were those reconstructed with a CTRAM flap (38.2 percent; p = 0.0074). @entity1 who had only one muscle pedicle used were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (61.7 percent) than were those who had two muscle pedicles used (35.6 percent; p = 0.0003). We conclude that the incidence of abdominal bulge or @entity547 is relatively independent of the type of @entity20231 flap used and the number of muscle pedicles harvested. On the other hand, postoperative abdominal strength, as measured by the ability do sit-ups, is influenced significantly by both of these factors.

title: Abdominal wall strength, bulging, and @entity547 after XXXX flap breast reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity20231 :: (23471,Gene) :: ['TRAM']


abstract: The incidence of postoperative abdominal bulge, @entity547 , and the ability to do sit-ups was reviewed in a series of 268 @entity1 who had undergone free @entity20231 (FTRAM) or conventional @entity20231 (CTRAM) flap breast reconstruction. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. @entity1 were divided into four groups: unilateral FTRAM (FT1P; n = 123), double-pedicle bilateral FTRAM (FT2P; n = 45), single-pedicle CTRAM (CT1P; n = 40), and double-pedicle or bilateral CTRAM (CT2P; n = 60). The incidence of abdominal bulges (3.8 percent) and @entity547 (2.6 percent) was similar in the four groups. Synthetic mesh, however, was required for reinforcement of donor site closure twice as often in the CTRAM @entity1 . The ability to perform sit-ups was greatest in the FT1P group (63.0 percent), slightly lower in the CT1P group (57.1 percent), still lower in the FT2P group (46.2 percent), and lowest in the CT2P group (27.1 percent; p = 0.0005). @entity1 reconstructed with an FTRAM flap were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (58.3 percent) than were those reconstructed with a CTRAM flap (38.2 percent; p = 0.0074). @entity1 who had only one muscle pedicle used were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (61.7 percent) than were those who had two muscle pedicles used (35.6 percent; p = 0.0003). We conclude that the incidence of abdominal bulge or @entity547 is relatively independent of the type of @entity20231 flap used and the number of muscle pedicles harvested. On the other hand, postoperative abdominal strength, as measured by the ability do sit-ups, is influenced significantly by both of these factors.

title: Abdominal wall strength, bulging, and XXXX after @entity20231 flap breast reconstruction.

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: @entity7025 occurring in Chinese has been inadequately described. Here we report 13 cases of this disease identified by review of 3,200 cerebral angiograms performed between August 1979 and March 1986. Nine were males and four were females; there were 12 adults (aged 34-51 years) and one @entity1 (aged 11 years). All had @entity64 with one exception, a @entity1 with an occipital @entity1188 . @entity548 was noted by computed tomography in 10; five of these emanated from the caudate nucleus. A localized @entity1410 without @entity548 was found in two. All 13 angiograms had smokelike basal anastomoses with various degrees of @entity850 or occlusion of the anterior portion of the circle of Willis; the involvement was bilateral in 12 and unilateral in one. @entity439 were found in two @entity1 , one in the anterior communicating artery and the other in the left anterior choroidal artery. Eleven @entity1 recovered from the initial @entity64 , but two died with recurrent @entity548 . This series differs from the series reported in Japan by the predominance of adult males. The high incidence of @entity548 and @entity1779 is not in keeping with the previous Chinese series, in which @entity510 was suspected to be the major clinical manifestation.

title: XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular hemorrhage', 'intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['Moyamoya disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity158 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity158 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity14 as a @entity3825 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity1286 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity1286 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity14 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, @entity1286 , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to XXXX in the rat.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal distension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity158 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity158 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity14 as a @entity3825 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity1286 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity1286 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity14 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, @entity1286 , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] XXXX or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to @entity14 in the rat.

answer: @entity10971 :: (29237(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['enkephalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity158 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity158 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity14 as a @entity3825 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity1286 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity1286 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity14 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, XXXX , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to @entity14 in the rat.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1.   @entity2452 is an effective treatment for primary @entity407 and @entity2299 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of the original, branded, formulation of @entity61994 and a new generic formulation in healthy Chinese male subjects under fasting and fed conditions. 2.   Under fasting and fed conditions, 90% CIs of the geometric mean of generic/branded AUC0-48   h ratios were 92.2-102.4%, 93.1-104.5%, the ratios of ln(AUC0-   ) were 92.6-103.7%, 93.2-103.5%, and ln(Cmax) ratios were 90.7-110.3%, 84.7-100.8%, respectively. The generic and branded formulations were bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption under both the conditions. The average values of AUC0-48   h, AUC0-    and Cmax decreased noticeably following a high-fat breakfast. Values for AUC0-48   h were 87.69% and 83.7%, values for AUC0-    were 87.5% and 84.6%, and values for Cmax were 45.0% and 50.4% in subjects given the generic and branded preparations, respectively. The absorption of @entity61994 tablets was delayed following a high-fat meal, with Tmax increasing by up to 2.43-fold. 3.   Both formulations were generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse reactions reported. The newly developed generic formulation may provide a reliable alternative to the branded tablets for @entity1 with primary @entity407 or @entity2299 .

title: The effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of two formulations of XXXX in healthy Chinese male subjects.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['mixed dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity61994 :: ('CHEBI:71258', 'Chemical') :: ['pitavastatin calcium']

entities_list: @entity2452 :: ('MESH:C108475', 'Chemical') :: ['Pitavastatin']

answer: @entity61994 :: (CHEBI:71258,Chemical) :: ['pitavastatin calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity1229 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity1 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity5058 and @entity5060 and their association with @entity1229 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity5058 ( @entity30883 ), @entity5060 *2, and @entity5060 *3 should be considered for all @entity1 , including pediatric @entity1 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity548 event. Testing for @entity5060 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5062 ( @entity32602 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity1 who are at increased risk of @entity548 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity1229 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity1229 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of @entity5060 and XXXX Variants in @entity1229 Therapy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5058 :: (79001,Gene) :: ['VKORC1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity1229 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity1 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity5058 and @entity5060 and their association with @entity1229 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity5058 ( @entity30883 ), @entity5060 *2, and @entity5060 *3 should be considered for all @entity1 , including pediatric @entity1 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity548 event. Testing for @entity5060 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5062 ( @entity32602 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity1 who are at increased risk of @entity548 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity1229 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity1229 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of @entity5060 and @entity5058 Variants in XXXX Therapy.

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['Warfarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity1229 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity1 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity5058 and @entity5060 and their association with @entity1229 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity5058 ( @entity30883 ), @entity5060 *2, and @entity5060 *3 should be considered for all @entity1 , including pediatric @entity1 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity548 event. Testing for @entity5060 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5062 ( @entity32602 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity1 who are at increased risk of @entity548 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity1229 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity1229 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity1 with an indication for @entity1229 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of XXXX and @entity5058 Variants in @entity1229 Therapy.

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: @entity775 ( @entity775 ) runs a variable clinical course. Slow disease progression or even spontaneous remissions can be observed and suggest that the autoimmune process can, at least to a certain extent, be controlled by regulatory elements of the @entity1 's own immune system. In experimental @entity775 (EAH) spontaneous recovery is regularly observed and associated with antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific suppression. The aim of the current study was to search for similar immunoregulatory phenomena in @entity1 with @entity775 . We examined T-cell reactivity to soluble human liver antigens in 11 @entity1 with active @entity775 and 30 @entity1 with other @entity409 ( @entity3619 , @entity2835 , @entity1560 ). T-cell reactivity to liver antigens was almost exclusively confined to the @entity775 @entity1 . In 9 of these 11 @entity1 we were able to compare the T-cell response in active untreated disease, directly after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and in remission, at which point T-cell reactivity was found to be markedly reduced. Addition of irradiated peripheral blood cells from the active disease phase or the remission phase to the responding cells taken before treatment showed that in eight of the nine @entity1 there was marked suppression of the liver-specific T-cell response by cells from the remission phase. Study of the in vivo immune responsiveness by giving a @entity116 toxoid booster immunization to nine @entity1 with active untreated @entity775 as well as healthy controls and @entity1 with other @entity409 showed that none of the @entity1 with @entity775 showed a response to the @entity116 immunization, whereas almost all the other @entity1 showed marked responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence for spontaneous immunosuppression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity19977 is a multi- @entity4149 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity7 ( @entity7 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This phase II study was conducted to assess activity and tolerability of single-agent @entity19977 in recurrent/persistent @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had recurrent or persistent @entity1204 after receiving one or two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of  <=2 ( <=1 if two prior cytotoxic regimens given). @entity19977 30mg orally daily for a 28daycycle was administered until disease progression or prohibitive @entity137 . Microvessel density (MVD) was measured in @entity5 tissue from initial hysterectomy specimens and correlated with clinical outcome. Primary endpoints were @entity5 response and surviving progression-free for six months without subsequent therapy (6-month event-free survival [EFS]). RESULTS: Of 53 @entity1 enrolled, 48 were evaluable for @entity19977 efficacy and @entity137 . Median age was 65.5 years, 52% of @entity1 had received prior radiation, and 73% of @entity1 received only one prior chemotherapy regimen. A partial response was observed in 12.5%. Fourteen @entity1 (29%) had six-month EFS. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.65 months and median overall survival (OS) 12.5 months. No grade 4 or 5 @entity137 were observed. A trend towards improved PFS was found in @entity1 whose @entity5 expressed high MVD. CONCLUSION: @entity19977 as a monotherapy treatment for recurrent or persistent @entity1204 is well tolerated and met protocol set objectives for sufficient activity to warrant further investigation. MVD may be a useful biomarker for activity.

title: A phase II evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of recurrent or persistent @entity1204 : An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19977 :: ('MESH:C500926', 'Chemical') :: ['Cediranib', 'cediranib']

answer: @entity19977 :: (MESH:C500926,Chemical) :: ['cediranib']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity19977 is a multi- @entity4149 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity7 ( @entity7 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This phase II study was conducted to assess activity and tolerability of single-agent @entity19977 in recurrent/persistent @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had recurrent or persistent @entity1204 after receiving one or two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of  <=2 ( <=1 if two prior cytotoxic regimens given). @entity19977 30mg orally daily for a 28daycycle was administered until disease progression or prohibitive @entity137 . Microvessel density (MVD) was measured in @entity5 tissue from initial hysterectomy specimens and correlated with clinical outcome. Primary endpoints were @entity5 response and surviving progression-free for six months without subsequent therapy (6-month event-free survival [EFS]). RESULTS: Of 53 @entity1 enrolled, 48 were evaluable for @entity19977 efficacy and @entity137 . Median age was 65.5 years, 52% of @entity1 had received prior radiation, and 73% of @entity1 received only one prior chemotherapy regimen. A partial response was observed in 12.5%. Fourteen @entity1 (29%) had six-month EFS. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.65 months and median overall survival (OS) 12.5 months. No grade 4 or 5 @entity137 were observed. A trend towards improved PFS was found in @entity1 whose @entity5 expressed high MVD. CONCLUSION: @entity19977 as a monotherapy treatment for recurrent or persistent @entity1204 is well tolerated and met protocol set objectives for sufficient activity to warrant further investigation. MVD may be a useful biomarker for activity.

title: A phase II evaluation of @entity19977 in the treatment of recurrent or persistent XXXX : An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The clinical course of 37 @entity1 who underwent 46 liver transplantations for primary (n = 33) and secondary (n = 4) sclerosing @entity255 was reviewed. The median follow-up was 37 months. The @entity1 and graft survivals for @entity1 with @entity991 at 1, 2, and 5 years were 96.9%, 91.6%, 87.9%, and 83.1%, 74.2%, 65.2%, respectively. In the @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ), prior surgery except for simple cholecystectomy was associated with significantly greater operative time and @entity190 . No @entity201 was identified at the time of transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen typing for @entity991 @entity1 was heavily weighed toward B8 (58.8%) compared with control (11.8%). Sixty-two percent of @entity1 with @entity991 also had @entity29 . Moderate or severe rejection requiring OKT3, "rescue therapy" with @entity1140 , or retransplantation was relatively higher in @entity1 with @entity29 (70%) versus @entity1 without @entity29 (36.4%) and a matched control group (37.5%). Progressive @entity29 was seen in 6 of 19 @entity1 , with 3 developing @entity5 and a @entity1141 . Two @entity1 in the entire group died of @entity295 and 3 of @entity694 (2 recurrent and 1 primary). These data demonstrate that excellent survival results can be achieved in this group of @entity1 . Rejection is frequent and often severe and @entity134 refractory. @entity694 represents the most frequent cause of @entity204 in @entity991 @entity1 after liver transplantation and demands constant attention.

title: Liver transplantation for sclerosing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the 1980s, the Colorado Department of Health received reports from several high-altitude communities of clusters of the @entity600 . In a population-based, case-control study, we examined the association between overall and trimester-specific maternal antenatal altitude exposure and the occurrence of @entity1 @entity91 . METHODS: We identified case @entity1 through a statewide registry and randomly sampled control @entity1 from birth records. By telephone interview, each mother provided data on the locations of all antenatal residences and places of employment as well as other factors. Staff mapped all locations and abstracted the corresponding altitudes. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) of any @entity8213 for a time-weighted mean antenatal altitude of > or = 2000 metres (high altitude) versus < 2000 metres (low altitude) was 1.4 (lower bound of the one-sided 95% test-based confidence interval (CI): 0.9). The OR was elevated in smokers but not in non-smokers. As compared to non-smokers, the OR of any @entity8213 for @entity2222 was 4.6 (lower bound of the 95% one-sided exact CI: 1.7). Particularly elevated were the corresponding OR of coronal (18.1, 4.4) and @entity91 (16.3, 2.8), and OR for high-altitude exposure during the second trimester (any @entity8213 : 6.4, 1.99; coronal: 28.6, 6.1; metopic: 26.7, 4.1). CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal maternal high-altitude exposure and smoking are associated with increased risk of @entity1 @entity91 , perhaps through generation of intermittent hypoxaemia.

title: Increased risk of XXXX with higher antenatal maternal altitude.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity2222 :: ('MESH:C535833', 'Disease') :: ['high-altitude smokers']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis', 'metopic synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of total knee and hip arthroplasties result in a growing number of @entity3330 ( @entity3330 ). @entity3330 with a stable stem component are treated commonly with plate osteosynthesis. Therefore plate failure is seen as a major complication. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the @entity1 ' outcome after plate failure. METHODS: The database of a Level 1 @entity130 center was searched for all @entity1 treated for a @entity3330 with plate osteosynthesis. @entity1 with plate failure were investigated specifically. Standard demographic data, details on initial arthroplasty, @entity130 , and treatment were recorded for all @entity1 . All @entity174 were classified and their outcome reviewed. RESULTS: Seven (8.8%) out of 80 @entity1 treated with plate osteosynthesis following @entity3330 met our inclusion criterion being plate failure. All these @entity1 were female, with an average age at primary surgery of 74        13 years and a mean follow-up of 885 days (range, 264-2549). Four @entity1 suffered a @entity3330 after total hip arthroplasty (THA) (2 Vancouver Type B1 and 2 Type C) and three after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (Lewis-Rorabeck Type II). Following plate failure, four @entity1 healed uneventfully and three @entity1 experienced complications such as @entity1516 , @entity1349 , and further plate failure. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with poor bone quality, bone graft, bone cement, and bone biologics have to be considered in revision surgery. Furthermore, long-stem revision and @entity5 prosthesis are an additional solution.

title: Plate failure following plate osteosynthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['screw loosening']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures', 'PPFF']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']


abstract: This study assessed urinary @entity526 coli antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Tasmania, Australia, and examined their association with community antibiotic use. The susceptibility profiles of all urinary @entity526 isolates collected in Tasmania between January 2010 and December 2012 were included. The amount of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)-subsidised use of @entity115 , @entity115 / @entity798 (AMC), @entity7265 , @entity4258 , @entity2177 and @entity206 was retrieved (at the Tasmanian population level) and the number of defined daily doses per 1000 population per day in Tasmania for these antibiotics was calculated for each month during the study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were assessed for changes over time in the 3-year study period. Antimicrobial use and susceptibility data were assessed for seasonal differences and lag in resistance following antibiotic use. Excluding duplicates, 28145 @entity526 isolates were included. Resistance levels were low; 35% of isolates were non-susceptible to @entity115 , 14% were non-susceptible to @entity206 and <5% were non-susceptible to AMC, @entity7265 , @entity801 and @entity4258 . @entity115 use increased by 35% during winter/spring compared with summer/autumn, and AMC use increased by 21%. No seasonal variation in @entity1536 use or resistance was detected. The low levels of antimicrobial resistance identified may relate to Tasmania's isolated geographical location. Significant seasonal variation in @entity115 and AMC use is likely to be due to increased use of these antibiotics for treatment of @entity1729 in winter. @entity1536 use is restricted by the PBS in Australia, which is the likely explanation for the low levels of @entity1536 use and resistance identified.

title: Urinary XXXX coli antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and their relationship with community antibiotic use in Tasmania, Australia.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cefalexin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone', 'quinolone']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Proliferation of surviving @entity5 clonogens during a course of protracted radiation therapy may be a cause of @entity2622 . The effect of total treatment time was analyzed retrospectively in relation to pelvic control and overall survival for @entity957 of the uterine cervix. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred and nine @entity1 (Stage IB-IIIB) treated with a combination of external beam and low dose rate intracavitary irradiation were evaluable for study. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier statistical methods were used to determine the effect of treatment time on pelvic control and survival at 5 years. RESULTS: The median treatment duration was 55 days. For all stages combined, the 5-year survival and pelvic control rates were significantly different with treatment times < 55 days vs. > or = 55 days: 65 and 54% (p = 0.03), 87 and 72% (p = 0.006), respectively. By stage, a shorter treatment duration (i.e., < 55 days vs. > or = 55 days) was significant for 5-year overall survival and pelvic control for Stages IB/IIA and III, but not for Stage IIB: Stage IB/IIA (81 and 67%, 96 and 84%), @entity5 (52 and 42%, 76 and 55%) and Stage IIB (43 and 50%, 74 and 80%, respectively). Survival decreased 0.6%/day and pelvic control decreased 0.7%/day for each additional day of treatment beyond 55 days for all stages of disease. Additionally, significant late complications were not influenced by treatment time. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that prolongation of treatment time is associated with decreased local control and survival in @entity1 with @entity2622 . This is consistent with emerging data from other institutions. Therapeutic implications include avoidance of unnecessary treatment breaks, the design of fractionation schemes that decrease treatment duration, and possibly the use of @entity5 cytostatic drugs during conventional radiation.

title: The adverse effect of treatment prolongation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['local failure in cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8434 is produced by the larval stage of @entity12047 ; it is a @entity4801 which is seen rarely in @entity1 and has adverse outcomes. We report a case of advanced @entity79 with successful limb salvage surgery. Our @entity1 had a 5-year follow-up without recurrence which is a rarity as per the literature. Early diagnosis and prompt medical therapy are necessary for effective management whereas delayed diagnosis is always fraught with the risk of recurrence and @entity295 . CASE PRESENTATION: In 2009, a 30-year-old @entity1 , native of Karachi (Sindhi ethnicity), presented at our clinic with history of a pathological @entity174 11 years earlier. Her @entity174 was initially misdiagnosed and fixed. Subsequently she had persistent disease that progressed with time. Following this she underwent multiple surgeries and the diagnosis of hydatid disease was made but despite multiple debridements and medical therapy she was not cured and finally she was offered a hemipelvectomy (limb sacrifice). On presentation to our hospital she was counseled regarding options of hemipelvectomy versus a limb salvage form of modified internal hemipelvectomy and wide margin resection. She opted for limb salvage. She underwent internal hemipelvectomy with wide margin resection of soft tissue and proximal femur along with postoperative @entity3753 therapy. She was able to walk again after a very long period. Currently she is 5-years postreconstructive surgery. She is infection free and ambulant without support. CONCLUSIONS: Hydatid @entity79 is a rare entity in our part of the world but a careful history and thorough look at the initial images of our @entity1 would have led to the suspicion of pathologic @entity174 and subsequent early diagnosis of this difficult problem. A second important learning point in this case was the lack of early referral to a center where this difficult problem could have been handled effectively. This could have minimized the physical, mental and financial stress to the @entity1 and her family.

title: Eradication of advanced XXXX after limb salvage surgery - 5-year follow-up: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic hydatid bone disease', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['pelvic hydatid bone disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity7641 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity73190 ( @entity15093 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity1 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity14 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity15093 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity24580 ( @entity25469 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity25469 . In addition, CQ and @entity15093 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity25469 . The antioxidant @entity6172 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity6172 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of XXXX and @entity15093 on @entity1 oral and intestinal cells.

entities_list: @entity73190 :: ('MESH:C015835', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity24580 :: ('MESH:C453560', 'Chemical') :: ['7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine']

entities_list: @entity7641 :: ('MESH:C553149', 'Chemical') :: ['Camphorquinone']

answer: @entity7641 :: (MESH:C553149,Chemical) :: ['camphorquinone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity7641 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity73190 ( @entity15093 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity1 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity14 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity15093 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity24580 ( @entity25469 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity25469 . In addition, CQ and @entity15093 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity25469 . The antioxidant @entity6172 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity6172 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of @entity7641 and XXXX on @entity1 oral and intestinal cells.

answer: @entity15093 :: (CHEBI:28969,Chemical) :: ['DMT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity7641 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity73190 ( @entity15093 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity1 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity14 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity15093 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity24580 ( @entity25469 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity25469 . In addition, CQ and @entity15093 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity25469 . The antioxidant @entity6172 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity6172 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of @entity7641 and @entity15093 on XXXX oral and intestinal cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical repair of @entity1408 ( @entity1408 ) in childhood is a well-established procedure. Previously used operative techniques to correct @entity1408 were largely based on the Ravitch technique. Since about 10 years, the minimally invasive repair (MIRPE) by Nuss is well established. Conservative treatment with the vacuum bell to elevate the funnel in @entity1 with @entity1408 represents a potential alternative to surgery in selected @entity1 . METHODS: A suction cup is used to create a vacuum at the anterior chest wall. Three different sizes of vacuum bell exist which are selected according to the individual @entity1 age. When creating the vacuum, the lift of the sternum is obvious and remains for a different time period. The device should be used for a minimum of 30 min (twice/day), and may be used up to a maximum of several hours daily. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-three @entity1 (110 males, 23 females) aged from 3 to 61 years (median 16.21 years) used the vacuum bell for 1 to a maximum of 36 months. Computed tomographic scans showed that the device lifted the sternum and ribs immediately. In addition, this was confirmed thoracoscopically during the MIRPE procedure. One hundred and five @entity1 showed a permanent lift of the sternum for more than 1 cm after 3 months of daily application. Thirteen @entity1 stopped the application and underwent MIRPE. Relevant side effects were not noted. CONCLUSION: The vacuum bell has proved to be an alternative therapeutic option in selected @entity1 suffering from @entity1408 . The initial results proved to be dramatic, but long-term results are so far lacking, and further evaluation and follow-up studies are necessary.

title: The vacuum bell for conservative treatment of XXXX : the Basle experience.

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of body mass index (BMI) at final height (FH) and annual BMI increase in adult childhood @entity5 survivors (CCS) after treatment with @entity8253 , @entity902 , and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: BMI (weight/height  ) was calculated retrospectively from diagnosis until FH. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI >=  25 kg/m(2))/ @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)) at FH was compared with age-matched controls. The association between underweight/overweight at FH and treatment was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Annual BMI increase after treatment was assessed by multilevel analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age and underweight/overweight at diagnosis, and age at FH. RESULTS: At FH the prevalence of overweight had not increased, while CCS experienced more underweight as compared to controls (14% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). Overweight at FH was associated with cranial/craniospinal radiotherapy (CRT; OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.17-4.26) and underweight at FH with @entity8253 > 300 mg/m(2) (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.33-6.06). Annual BMI increase was +0.47 (0.34-0.60) kg/m(2)/year. In CCS, the annual BMI increase was greater in those with CRT >=  30 Gy as compared with those with less or no CRT (+0.15 kg/m(2)/year [0.04-0.25 kg/m(2)/year], P = 0.008) and smaller in those with a higher cumulative @entity4349 dose (-0.03 kg/m(2)/year [-0.05 to -0.0005 kg/m(2)/year] per 100 mg/m(2), P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: After treatment with @entity8253 , @entity902 , and/or radiotherapy, CRT-treated survivors have more overweight at FH, and a greater annual BMI increase, while @entity4349 -treated survivors have more underweight at FH and a lower annual BMI increase.

title: Body mass index and annual increase of body mass index in long-term childhood XXXX survivors; relationship to treatment.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13785 is a proximal @entity121 . We investigated whether exercise training is a safe and useful adjuvant therapy for adult Pompe @entity1 , receiving enzyme replacement therapy. METHODS: Training comprised 36 sessions of standardized aerobic, resistance and core stability exercises over 12  weeks. Before and after, the primary outcome measures safety, endurance (aerobic exercise capacity and distance walked on the 6  min walk test) and muscle strength, and secondary outcome measures core stability, muscle function and body composition, were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 25 @entity1 enrolled, 23 successfully completed the training. Improvements in endurance were shown by increases in maximum workload capacity (110  W before to 122  W after training, [95  % CI of the difference 6        0 to 19        7]), maximal @entity26 uptake capacity (69        4  % and 75        9  % of normal, [2        5 to 10        4]), and maximum walking distance (6  min walk test: 492 meters and 508, [-4        4 to 27        7] ). There were increases in muscle strength of the hip flexors (156        4  N to 180        7  N [1        6 to 13        6) and shoulder abductors (143        1  N to 150        7  N [13        2 to 35        2]). As an important finding in secondary outcome measures the number of @entity1 who were able to perform the core stability exercises rose, as did the core stability balancing time (p   <   0.05, for all four exercises). Functional tests showed small reductions in the time needed to climb four steps (2        4  sec to 2        1, [- 0        54 to -0        04 ]) and rise to standing position (5        8  sec to 4        8, [-2        0 to 0        0]), while time to run, the quick motor function test results and body composition remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that a combination of aerobic, strength and core stability exercises is feasible, safe and beneficial to adults with @entity13785 .

title: Safety and efficacy of exercise training in adults with XXXX : evalution of endurance, muscle strength and core stability before and after a 12  week training program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: The main goal of the present study was to examine the possibility of electrophysiologically identifying the excitable enteric S and @entity3798 neurons by use of one single criterion. Intracellular recordings were made from 189 cells of 64 ganglia in isolated preparations of the myenteric plexus of the @entity840 distal ileum. The recordings were made under visual control of the cells by using Hoffman Modulation Contrast optics at high magnification (600x). From photomicrographs, the soma size and the location within the ganglion of the individual (unstained) cells were determined. The cells were classified into three types according to their electrical excitability and the shape of the action potential. Excitable cells were classified as @entity3798 cells (n = 84) if the action potential showed a shoulder on the falling phase, otherwise as S cells (n = 56). Cells in which no action potential could be evoked by current injection were classified as nonspiking (NS) cells (n = 49). The three classes of cells showed significant differences with respect to membrane potential, input resistance and fast synaptic input. The @entity3798 cells had significantly larger somata (P < 0.01) than the S cells. The NS cells were significantly smaller than the @entity3798 and S cells (P < 0.01). @entity3798 and S cells were found to be randomly located in the ganglia, whereas the NS cells clustered (P < 0.008) in close proximity to the onsets of internodal strands. We conclude that the shoulder of the action potential can be used as a single criterion to distinguish "on line" S and @entity3798 neurons unequivocally.

title: Somal size and location within the ganglia for electrophysiologically identified myenteric neurons of the XXXX ileum.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: One thousand three hundred and seventy-five (1375) @entity1 , who were vaccinated against Rabies with Purified @entity1573 Embryo Cell (PCEC) vaccine from 1984 to 1993, were included in this ten-year longitudinal study, conducted to observe the consistency, immunogenicity, inocuity, safety and efficacy of PCEC vaccine under controlled trial and field conditions. The study period was divided into three phases. Phases I and II covered the premarketing controlled trial and Phase III the post-marketing serosurveillance study of the vaccine. During Phase I, fifteen healthy volunteers were given a pre-exposure regime of vaccine on Day 0, 7 and 21, and the rest 15, simulated post-exposure regime on Day 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90. All the subjects had satisfactory antirabies antibody response with mean titres, of 7.08 and 5.72 I.U./ml respectively, and minimal side reactions. In the Phase II, from 1984-85, 56 @entity1 with proven rabid animal bites were given post-exposure vaccination and all had satisfactory antibody titres with mean titre of 4.45 I.U./ml after 6th dose of vaccine and with minimal side reactions. 19 to 36 months follow up after vaccination revealed no vaccine failures. In the Phase III post-marketing field study conducted from 1985 to 1993, 1289 @entity1 reported to our Centre for consulation and antirabies antibody titre estimation following PCEC vaccination. One thousand two hundred and fifty-two (1252) @entity1 took post-exposure vaccination following bites by rabid animals, contact with an @entity12539 @entity1 and 37 high risk personnel took pre-exposure vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ten year longitudinal study of efficacy and safety of purified XXXX embryo cell vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies in Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12539 :: ('MESH:D011818', 'Disease') :: ['hydrophobia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ) is characterized by neoangiogenesis and @entity82 . Increased @entity32 is the leading cause of @entity2976 . In turn, neoangiogenesis is both a consequence of and contributor to @entity32 . The effects of @entity2240 , a multitargeted receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, have been postulated in various antiangiogenesis, antiinflammatory and antifibrotic processes both in vitro and in vivo. This novel angiogenesis inhibitor, Sutent ( @entity2240 ), was investigated in our @entity35 @entity2976 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nonuremic @entity35 albino @entity35 were divided into 4 groups as follows: 2-mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily, for 3 weeks (control group); daily 2 ml/200 g injection i.p. of @entity5164 (0.1%) and @entity1068 (15%) dissolved in saline, 3 weeks (CG group); CG + additional 3 weeks without any treatment, total 6 weeks (resting group); and CG + additional 3 weeks 1 mg/kg daily Sutent (SUT) in drinking water, total 6 weeks (SUT group). At the end of the study, 1-hour PET was performed. Functional parameters and morphological changes of peritoneum with dialysate cytokine levels were examined. RESULTS: SUT renewed ultrafiltration failure, D1/D0 @entity413 levels and dialysate protein loss. Peritoneal thickness, white blood cell count and @entity32 of peritoneum were also decreased with SUT treatment. SUT significantly improved overexpression of @entity657 and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) levels as compared with resting group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, SUT might preserve membrane viability even at lower dosages. Although this is an experimental study, we believe that SUT after controlled trials may be a therapeutic agent for long-term peritoneal dialysis @entity1 .

title: A novel angiogenesis inhibitor, XXXX , in encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib', 'sunitinib malate']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'Encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['dialysate transforming growth factor-  1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib malate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteroarterial @entity292 can be treated with open vascular or percutaneous arterial stent placement. We compared the long-term outcomes of each treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single center, retrospective review of @entity292 (1996 to 2008) was performed. RESULTS: We identified 20 @entity292 in 19 @entity1 . All @entity1 had undergone extirpative surgery with pelvic radiation in 74% and long-term ureteral stents in 84%. At a mean followup of 15.5 months (range 1 to 99) survival was 53%. Of the 70% (14 of 20) treated with percutaneous @entity432 stenting or embolization, 2 @entity1 later required open vascular graft and 12 were treated with long-term ureteral stenting. Of the 30% (6 of 20) of @entity1 treated with open surgical repair or bypass 2 required bypass revision and/or thrombectomy, and 4 had concomitant ureteral ligation or nephrectomy. Despite undergoing anticoagulation 10 @entity1 (53%) experienced lower extremity morbidity including ulceration, @entity63 and amputation. In each treatment group 2 @entity1 had recurrent @entity548 requiring a secondary procedure, leading to death in 2 for an overall 10% acute mortality rate. Overall noncause specific mortality of @entity292 was 47% and 10% to 20% was related to the @entity292 or treatment complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stenting is increasingly used in lieu of open techniques due to the high operative risk and comorbidities in @entity1 with @entity292 . This retrospective review fails to identify a clear advantage for endovascular or open vascular surgical management. Thus, endovascular stenting is preferred in most cases. Regardless of therapy, @entity1 are at risk for recurrent @entity548 , lower extremity complications and stent/graft complications. The use of antibiotics and long-term anticoagulant therapy appear prudent but not proved.

title: Ureteroarterial XXXX treatment with open surgery versus endovascular management: long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['ureteroarterial fistulas', 'fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular iliac artery']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 prevention depends on the accurate differentiation of surgically treatable @entity75 from total occlusions of the internal carotid artery. This prospective study was undertaken to review the accuracy of colorflow duplex scanning for identifying carotid string signs, @entity75 (95% to 99% stenoses), and @entity432 of the internal carotid artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 4,362 @entity1 underwent color-flow duplex scanning of the carotid arteries. Angiograms of 596 internal carotid arteries were available for comparison with the duplex scan findings. Total occlusion was diagnosed by the absence of flow in internal carotid arteries visualized on B-mode scanning. @entity75 were identified by a trickle of flow in the vessel lumen. RESULTS: Of 65 color-flow duplex scans that predicted @entity432 , 64 (98%) were confirmed by angiography. The negative predictive value for @entity432 was 99%. Twenty-six (87%) of 30 string signs and focal 95% to 99% stenoses were correctly identified. Color-flow scanning prediction of @entity75 was accurate in 84% of 31 cases. Low velocities in the internal carotid artery were usually associated with a string sign, and high velocities with a focal @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Color-flow duplex scanning accurately differentiates between stenotic and totally occluded internal carotid arteries. Identification of @entity75 is not as accurate but the results are promising. Arteriographic confirmation of duplex scan findings is necessary only when scans are equivocal.

title: Detection of XXXX , string sign, and preocclusive stenosis of the internal carotid artery by color-flow duplex scanning.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Preocclusive lesions', 'focal preocclusive lesions', 'preocclusive lesions', 'preocclusive lesion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['total occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) managed nonoperatively is unknown. @entity1 AND METHODS: To determine the risk of @entity397 and survival, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and computed tomographic data of 57 @entity1 who were evaluated for degenerative, nondissecting @entity2334 . Nonoperative management was decided initially for all @entity1 . Data of @entity439 expansion rate were available in 29 @entity1 who underwent 2 or more scans. Follow-up was complete in 52 (91%) @entity1 and averaged 37 months (range 1 to 82). RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 57 (60%) @entity1 died during follow-up, including 3 of 15 @entity1 who underwent subsequent repair of their @entity439 . Two- and 5-year survival rates for the entire group were 69% and 39%, with repair-free survival rates of 52% and 17%, respectively. Eight (14%) @entity1756 , accounting for 24% (8/34) of the deaths. Two- and 4-year risks of @entity397 were 12% and 32%, respectively. The median expansion rate was 0.2 cm/y and was greater in @entity1 with @entity1030 (P < 0.05). All @entity1756 were > 5 cm in diameter. @entity439 with a diameter > 5 cm at diagnosis had a higher @entity397 rate than those with a diameter < or = 5 cm (P < 0.05). Expansion rate did not predict @entity397 . CONCLUSIONS: Mortality of @entity1 with @entity2334 preselected for nonoperative management is high, with an overall survival rate of 39% and repair-free survival rate of only 17% at 5 years. Expansion rate of @entity2334 (0.2 cm/y) is similar to that of @entity1028 . Our data that support nonoperative management for @entity1 with @entity2334 < 5 cm in diameter, but confirm the increase rate of @entity397 for @entity439 > 5 cm.

title: Outcome and expansion rate of 57 XXXX managed nonoperatively.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAAs']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'aneurysms ruptured']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This review defines the recognized risk factors responsible for the development of @entity626 after surgical management of @entity937 . SOURCES OF DATA: We performed a literature search using Medline, Ovid, Cochrane and Google Scholar using the keywords: ' @entity937 ', 'meniscectomy', ' @entity571 ', 'complications' and 'risk factors'. Thirty-two published studies were identified. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: In the long term, @entity571 develops in the knee of @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity937 . The Coleman methodology score showed great heterogeneity in terms of @entity1 characteristics and outcome assessment. Amount of meniscus removed, duration of pre-operative symptoms and lateral meniscectomy show strong statistical association to onset of @entity626 . AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: We did not find univocal findings defining the risk factors responsible for the development of post-operative @entity626 . GROWING POINTS: There is a need for standardized clinical and imaging validated scale to improve definition of post-operative @entity626 to allow easier and more reliable comparison of outcomes in different studies. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials reporting clinical and imaging-related outcomes in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic minimally invasive procedures and meniscal suturing should be performed. Comparing imaging findings of @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic partial and open meniscectomy, a lower incidence of knee osteoarthritic evolution was detected after arthroscopy. The amount of removed meniscus is the most important predictor factor for the development of @entity571 . Minimally invasive procedures seem to reduce the incidence of long-term osteoarthritic changes of the knee compared with more invasive open and or arthroscopic procedures.

title: Meniscectomy as a risk factor for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['Meniscal tears', 'meniscal tears']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This experiment sought to compare two @entity52174 ( @entity25982 ) hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators: the Medos HILITE 2400 LT and the Maquet Quadrox-iD Pediatric in terms of transmembrane pressure gradients and hemodynamic energy preservation under both pulsatile and non-pulsatile conditions. METHODS: A simulated pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuit was used to test these two oxygenators. The circuit consisted of a roller pump,    inch tubing for both arterial and venous lines, an oxygenator, and a venous reservoir served as a pseudo- @entity1 . Three pressure transducers were placed upstream and downstream of the oxygenator and the distal arterial line. The experimental system was primed with lactated Ringer's solution and packed @entity1 red blood cells to maintain a hematocrit of 40%.The total volume was 600 ml, including the 350 ml volume of the pseudo- @entity1 .The tests were performed at six flow rates (250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 ml/min) and three distal arterial line pressures (MAP) (60, 80, 100 mmHg), under both pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion modes.The temperature was kept constant at 37  C for all tests. RESULTS: Both oxygenators had adequate performances in pressure drop and hemodynamic energy preservation. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-oxygenators for mean pressure (MP), energy equivalent pressure (EEP) and total hemodynamic energy (THE). During the pulsatile perfusion mode, the HILITE 2400 LT retained a greater percentage of surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) across the oxygenator. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Quadrox-iD Pediatric and HILITE 2400LT PMP membrane oxygenators are suitable for pediatric ECLS therapy under both non-pulsatile and pulsatile perfusion. An optimized combination of flow rate and MAP should be achieved in order to deliver the maximal pulsatile energy in the extracorporeal circuit.

title: Evaluation of two pediatric XXXX membrane oxygenators with pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity52174 :: ('MESH:C021245', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethyl pentene']

answer: @entity52174 :: (MESH:C021245,Chemical) :: ['polymethyl pentene']


abstract: Retrospective observations on subtalar fusions performed for isolated @entity74 in 11 feet were performed to determine whether a satisfactory result could be obtained without significant changes to the talonavicular and @entity2720 . Preoperative diagnoses included five feet with @entity571 secondary to a calcaneal @entity174 , four feet with a @entity1129 , one foot with a @entity179 of unknown cause, and one foot with an unstable @entity2720 secondary to a peroneal @entity397 . The average follow-up period was 41.5 months (range, 23-103 months). The hindfoot was fused in a average of 6 degrees of valgus. The feet maintained approximately 50% of their transverse tarsal motion, compared with the contralateral side. No foot developed @entity8018 of any tarsal joint. Three feet fused for @entity179 developed very mild talar beaking, and two feet fused for a @entity8214 developed a mild progression or increase in talar beaking. Three feet demonstrated very minimal osteophyte formation at the calcaneocuboid joint. Functional and @entity158 ratings for @entity1 who had fusions for @entity1129 or @entity179 were good to excellent. Minimal radiographic changes at the talonavicular and @entity2720 secondary to increased stress brought about by the fusion did not seem to be clinically significant. @entity75 limited to the @entity2720 , which includes @entity1129 , is a satisfactory method of treatment.

title: Subtalar fusion for isolated XXXX . Preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity8214 :: ('MESH:C536943', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal coalition']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated subtalar fusion for lesions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disease', 'degenerative subtalar arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar disorders']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['talocalcaneal bar', 'talocalcaneal bars']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneocuboid joints', 'subtalar joint']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['subtalar disorders']


abstract: A retrospective chart review of clinical assessments encompassing @entity146 diagnosis, addiction severity and psychosocial functioning of @entity2072 -dependent pregnant or postpartum @entity1 during inpatient treatment was obtained. Predictive value of the elements of the assessment battery on aftercare compliance was determined. METHODS: The charts of forty-one @entity2072 -dependent pregnant or postpartum @entity1 treated for substance abuse were reviewed for addiction severity and aftercare compliance. Thirty of these @entity1 were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R ( @entity915 I and II) and screened for history of victimization during inpatient treatment. All @entity1 were divided into two groups, aftercare treatment compliers (TCs) and aftercare treatment noncompliers (TNCs). TCs were those @entity1 who attended at least one-half of the aftercare sessions. RESULTS: TCs had significantly lower scores on the @entity146 (p < or = .05) and employment (p < or = .01) subscales of the ASI, indicating lesser problem severity. The total composite mean ASI score, although not statistically significant, was also lower for TCs. Of the thirty subjects that were administered the @entity915 -I and II, sixty-seven percent had an @entity74 . TNCs were significantly more likely to have an @entity148 (p < or = 0.05). Eighty percent of subjects had at least one @entity74 . TNCs were also significantly more likely to have any @entity74 (p < or = 0.05), and to have Cluster B and @entity1314 (p < or = 0.05). In addition, seventy-three percent of subjects reported victimization, with TNCs significantly more likely (p < or = 0.05) to have experienced childhood abuse. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of pregnant @entity2072 using @entity1 , the majority of @entity1 had current @entity74 as well as history of victimization. The results suggest that the ASI employment and @entity146 subscales may be predictive of aftercare compliance. The presence of certain @entity2270 and/or @entity74 also appear to be predictors of poor compliance. Treatment of pregnant substance using @entity1 must be designed to address issues of victimization as well as @entity146 .

title: Addiction severity, psychopathology and treatment compliance in XXXX -dependent mothers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis I disorder', 'Axis I and II disorders', 'Axis II disorders', 'Axis II disorder']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Cluster C personality disorders']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate use of the axial anchor screw system in the treatment of condylar process @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven adult @entity1 with displaced condylar process @entity174 were treated using axial anchor screw fixation. Indications for surgery were severe dislocation of the condyle and occlusal changes. Clinical and radiologic examinations were performed 6 weeks, 6 months, and approximately 2 years postoperatively (range, 18 to 30 months). Clinical factors recorded were occlusion, range of mandibular movement, and findings on palpation of the temporomandibular joints. Ramus height and angulation between the mandibular ramus and the dislocated condyle were measured and compared with the contralateral side preoperatively and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful in most @entity1 . All were free of @entity158 , and the occlusion and facial symmetry were normal. Radiographs generally showed excellent @entity174 reduction. Translation of the condyles on mouth opening was symmetrical. No signs of resorption or @entity571 were evident in most cases. However, some @entity1 had complications. These involved unsatisfactory reduction in one @entity1 causing @entity3061 at the @entity174 line. In another @entity1 bone over the screw fractured and the condyle and the screw tilted in a medial direction. CONCLUSION: Treatment of condylar process @entity174 using the axial anchor screw system is ideal in certain cases. The complications and difficulties seen may be avoidable by appropriate @entity1 selection and techniques.

title: Surgical treatment of condylar process XXXX using axial anchor screw fixation: a preliminary follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: During induced @entity63 for cardiac surgery, @entity1562 occurs and aerobic metabolism of @entity413 , @entity1718 , and @entity880 is altered. Following reperfusion, stunned myocardium uses @entity26 and substrate inefficiently, leading to poor functional recovery. However, @entity1522 may be used as anaplerotic metabolic substrates during and after @entity63 , utilizing transamination of @entity1522 to form high-energy @entity6546 via the @entity6626 cycle. We investigated if loading hearts with a physiologic spectrum of @entity1522 prior to @entity63 could increase postischemic myocardial recovery. Isolated perfused @entity95 hearts were subjected to 120 min of 34 degrees C @entity63 . Hearts received cardioplegia alone as controls or were loaded with a 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5% @entity535 perfusion prior to @entity63 . Following reperfusion, functional recovery revealed that hearts perfused with 0.05 and 0.1% @entity1522 had improved contractility and compliance vs untreated controls. To determine if the mechanism of @entity535 loading in improving postischemic function was enhancement of high-energy @entity1391 resynthesis, @entity2036 and @entity2642 were measured. While all preischemic values were equivalent, @entity535 -loaded hearts had significantly greater high energy nucleotides at end @entity63 and after reperfusion. These data demonstrate that metabolism, as well as function, is improved with @entity535 loading prior to @entity63 , which allowed for better internal reparative work during @entity63 and external contractile work after @entity63 . This strategy may have application in cardiac surgery.

title: The mechanism of XXXX loading in improving postischemic myocardial recovery.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'cardioplegic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stunning']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: We investigated the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II (AII) and the influences of four angiotensin receptor antagonists: @entity9886 , @entity45929 , @entity73191 , and @entity73192 in the pithed @entity95 preparation. AII (0.03-10 nmol/kg) elicited a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), dP/dtmax, and heart rate (HR). The maximal @entity101 effect of AII is comparable to that of @entity1063 (NE), but its effects on LVEDP and HR are weaker than those of NE. On a molar base, AII is approximately 27 times more potent than NE. @entity1169 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) did not significantly influence the AII-induced increase in diastolic BP (DBP) and LVEDP, but it abolished AII-induced positive chronotropic effects over the entire dose range of angiotensin AII studied. @entity9886 , but not @entity45929 , shifted the dose-response curves for AII to the right in a parallel manner. @entity73191 and @entity73192 also caused rightward shifts of the AII dose-response curve. These experiments indicate that in @entity1169 -treated pithed @entity95 AII causes vasoconstrictor effects in both resistance vessels and in the venous system, which are both mediated by AT1- but not by AT2-receptors. The AII-induced positive chronotropic effect is an indirect action mediated by the stimulation of postsynaptic beta 1-adrenoceptors. @entity73191 and @entity73192 , two new nonpeptide angiotensin receptor blockers that have affinity for both AT1- and AT2-receptors are also potent antagonists of the cardiovascular effects of AII in pithed @entity95 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of angiotensin II and the influence of angiotensin receptor antagonists in pithed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasound has facilitated accurate estimates of pressure gradient (PG) across a stenotic valve. However, the severity of @entity850 cannot be assessed using PG alone because it is dependent on actual flow across the valve. In this study, Doppler techniques were used to predict @entity886 (AVA) in adults with @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Fifty-four adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected @entity472 were prospectively evaluated. There were 28 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 , who ranged in age from 25 to 68 years with a mean of 56 years. These Doppler ultrasound studies were performed using a 2 MHz transducer and an Aloka SSD-730. With CW Doppler ultrasound, the highest velocities of the aortic jet were recorded from an apical approach. Left ventricular outflow flows were recorded about 1.0-1.5 cm below the aortic annulus using high PRF. Doppler waveforms were analyzed for the @entity1129 /ET ( @entity1129 : acceleration time, ET: ejection time), and Doppler PG was calculated from the maximum velocity (V) of the aortic jet based on a modified Bernoulli equation (PG = 4V2), and aortic valve area was obtained using the continuity equation-(AVA = left ventricular outflow tract @entity64 volume divided by @entity472 jet velocity integral). These data were compared with hemodynamic data obtained from cardiac catheterization. The following results were obtained: 1. In eight @entity1 with substantial @entity337 , whose maximum catheter PG were from 20 to 45 mmHg, the @entity1129 /ET was less than 0.30. The ratio of @entity1129 /ET correlated with the peak velocity of the aortic jet (r = 0.88) and the maximum PG (r = 0.87) obtained from cardiac catheterization. 2. In 46 @entity1 with @entity472 , the maximum PG by CW Doppler showed an excellent correlation with maximum catheterization PG (r = 0.97, SEE 6 mmHg), and the mean PG as calculated by the two techniques also disclosed a good correlation (r = 0.97, SEE 5.4 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED @entity1129 400 WORDS)

title: [Severity of XXXX assessed by Doppler techniques].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['PG and aortic valve areas']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: The pathogenesis of the two main killers in @entity101 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 , differs. Prevention of @entity64 , about a third of which result from @entity548 , appears more immediately responsive to the level of blood pressure (BP). @entity583 reflects the end stage of a slow underlying @entity1856 process of the coronary arteries and lowering BP can, at best, hope only to slow this process and make less likely the eventual @entity397 and resultant occlusive @entity715 and @entity1188 . Practically all the randomised trials have confirmed that the treatment of all grades of @entity101 , down to a treated diastolic BP level of perhaps about 95 mmHg, reduces the incidence of fatal and non-fatal @entity64 by about 40-50%, though only two classes of antihypertensive agent i.e. diuretics (+/- other agents) and beta-blockers (+/- diuretics), have actually demonstrated this benefit. It is possible, in the elderly, that excessive lowering of systolic BP (SBP) (to below about 140 mmHg) might increase the number of deaths from @entity64 . Blood lipid changes which constitute coronary risk factors in untreated @entity101 @entity1 should not be regarded in the same light if beta-blocker induced. Animal data suggest that beta-blockers inhibit @entity2922 induced @entity65 and modify @entity301 formation in the presence of stress and/or high @entity165 diets (in spite of blood lipid changes). Evidence in the moderate to severely @entity101 @entity1 also suggests that in spite of beta-blocker induced increases in blood @entity412 levels the incidence of deaths from @entity583 markedly decreases over a ten year period in those whose SBP is well controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Why has the primary prevention of @entity583 in the treatment of XXXX been so elusive?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The pathogenesis of the two main killers in @entity101 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 , differs. Prevention of @entity64 , about a third of which result from @entity548 , appears more immediately responsive to the level of blood pressure (BP). @entity583 reflects the end stage of a slow underlying @entity1856 process of the coronary arteries and lowering BP can, at best, hope only to slow this process and make less likely the eventual @entity397 and resultant occlusive @entity715 and @entity1188 . Practically all the randomised trials have confirmed that the treatment of all grades of @entity101 , down to a treated diastolic BP level of perhaps about 95 mmHg, reduces the incidence of fatal and non-fatal @entity64 by about 40-50%, though only two classes of antihypertensive agent i.e. diuretics (+/- other agents) and beta-blockers (+/- diuretics), have actually demonstrated this benefit. It is possible, in the elderly, that excessive lowering of systolic BP (SBP) (to below about 140 mmHg) might increase the number of deaths from @entity64 . Blood lipid changes which constitute coronary risk factors in untreated @entity101 @entity1 should not be regarded in the same light if beta-blocker induced. Animal data suggest that beta-blockers inhibit @entity2922 induced @entity65 and modify @entity301 formation in the presence of stress and/or high @entity165 diets (in spite of blood lipid changes). Evidence in the moderate to severely @entity101 @entity1 also suggests that in spite of beta-blocker induced increases in blood @entity412 levels the incidence of deaths from @entity583 markedly decreases over a ten year period in those whose SBP is well controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Why has the primary prevention of XXXX in the treatment of @entity101 been so elusive?

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']