abstract: FSH, LH, @entity53 and @entity1420 were serially assayed during 8 cycles of six subjects using six subdermal implants releasing @entity2692 (NORPLANT) for a period of 2 to 6 years. All 8 cycles studied had a very low LH peak and a low or nonexistent FSH peak as compared to 8 control cycles. The mean LH peak for NORPLANT users was 33.9 mIU/ml as compared to 142 mIU/ml in the control group; and FSH was 13.0 mIU/ml as compared to 31.3 mIU/ml in controls. A subsequent rise in @entity1420 was observed in the 8 cycles studied, but the mean mid-luteal levels were significantly lower than in controls (9.0 ng/ml vs. 15.6 ng/ml). No differences were observed in the @entity53 curve. Two of the subjects using NORPLANT had a laparotomy performed on days 17 and 20 of the cycle, for surgical sterilization purposes. A distinctive corpus luteum with a stigma was observed. Our results indicate that @entity1 under prolonged use of @entity2692 do not have normal endocrine cycles, even though they may ovulate. It is doubtful however, that these ovulatory cycles can be fertile under the abnormal endocrine conditions found in our subjects. In addition to the possible effect of @entity1887 , the normal maturation of the oocyte may be impaired.

title: Abnormal endocrine profile among XXXX with confirmed or presumed ovulation during long-term Norplant use.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['luteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel', 'NORPLANT']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Liver metastases from @entity14 easily invade the Glisson's triad and sometimes have @entity5 growth. This behavior is by no means rare, and causes the cut end of the Glisson's triad to be positive for @entity5 . We report here a 72-year-old Japanese @entity1 with a medical history of ascending @entity694 in whom enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a low-density mass in the caudate lobe of the liver and dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct. He underwent right hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy. The resected specimen showed a polypoid @entity5 in the bile duct lumen, with minimal @entity96 ; the @entity5 was similar to @entity189 . Histological findings proved it to be well-differentiated @entity420 . Immunochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2225 , but negative for @entity5822 , and we finally diagnosed him with intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity694 . For complete surgical resection, it is very important to diagnose @entity5 growth. However, we could not diagnose it preoperatively in spite of the CT detecting an @entity5 , because the CT revealed no extrabiliary @entity96 . We have to pay attention to the fact that CT rarely demonstrates only intrabiliary growth without @entity5 .

title: Intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from XXXX with minimal @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['invasion of the liver parenchyma', 'tumors in the liver parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'extrabiliary tumors', 'cancer', 'intrabiliary tumor', 'intrabiliary polypoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cholangio-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Liver metastases from @entity14 easily invade the Glisson's triad and sometimes have @entity5 growth. This behavior is by no means rare, and causes the cut end of the Glisson's triad to be positive for @entity5 . We report here a 72-year-old Japanese @entity1 with a medical history of ascending @entity694 in whom enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a low-density mass in the caudate lobe of the liver and dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct. He underwent right hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy. The resected specimen showed a polypoid @entity5 in the bile duct lumen, with minimal @entity96 ; the @entity5 was similar to @entity189 . Histological findings proved it to be well-differentiated @entity420 . Immunochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2225 , but negative for @entity5822 , and we finally diagnosed him with intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity694 . For complete surgical resection, it is very important to diagnose @entity5 growth. However, we could not diagnose it preoperatively in spite of the CT detecting an @entity5 , because the CT revealed no extrabiliary @entity96 . We have to pay attention to the fact that CT rarely demonstrates only intrabiliary growth without @entity5 .

title: Intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity694 with minimal XXXX .

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['invasion of the liver parenchyma']


abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity8933 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity3398 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity1 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity1 received a @entity4279 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity281 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity8933 - and @entity3398 -treated @entity1 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity1 . One @entity1 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity293 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity281 . Enterobacter species and @entity796 were isolated more commonly in @entity1 who received @entity3398 . Diphtheroids, @entity5938 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity1 treated with @entity8933 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose XXXX vs. multiple-dose @entity3398 in preventing @entity281 after vaginal hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'operative-site infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity8933 :: (MESH:D015296,Chemical) :: ['ceftizoxime']


abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity8933 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity3398 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity1 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity1 received a @entity4279 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity281 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity8933 - and @entity3398 -treated @entity1 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity1 . One @entity1 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity293 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity281 . Enterobacter species and @entity796 were isolated more commonly in @entity1 who received @entity3398 . Diphtheroids, @entity5938 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity1 treated with @entity8933 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose @entity8933 vs. multiple-dose XXXX in preventing @entity281 after vaginal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity3398 :: (MESH:D002440,Chemical) :: ['cefoxitin']


abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity8933 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity3398 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity1 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity1 received a @entity4279 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity281 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity8933 - and @entity3398 -treated @entity1 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity1 . One @entity1 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity293 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity281 . Enterobacter species and @entity796 were isolated more commonly in @entity1 who received @entity3398 . Diphtheroids, @entity5938 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity1 treated with @entity8933 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose @entity8933 vs. multiple-dose @entity3398 in preventing XXXX after vaginal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity364 occurring at the bronchial @entity254 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity281 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity364 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity20544 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity1 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity1 ). @entity364 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity850 (nine @entity1 ), @entity17593 (one @entity1 ), and fatal @entity548 (one @entity1 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity364 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity281 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity281 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity281 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity281 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity281 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity2488 following an @entity281 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity281 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity364 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: XXXX and complications involving the bronchial @entity254 following @entity1 lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial complication']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity17593 :: ('MESH:D055091', 'Disease') :: ['bronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'anastomotic infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'Saprophytic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity20544 :: ('MESH:C536972', 'Disease') :: ['Torulopsis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Saprophytic fungal infections']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity364 occurring at the bronchial @entity254 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity281 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity364 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity20544 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity1 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity1 ). @entity364 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity850 (nine @entity1 ), @entity17593 (one @entity1 ), and fatal @entity548 (one @entity1 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity364 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity281 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity281 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity281 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity281 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity281 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity2488 following an @entity281 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity281 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity364 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: @entity364 and complications involving the bronchial XXXX following @entity1 lung transplantation.

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity364 occurring at the bronchial @entity254 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity281 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity364 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity20544 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity1 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity1 ). @entity364 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity850 (nine @entity1 ), @entity17593 (one @entity1 ), and fatal @entity548 (one @entity1 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity364 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity281 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity281 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity281 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity281 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity281 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity2488 following an @entity281 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity281 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity364 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: @entity364 and complications involving the bronchial @entity254 following XXXX lung transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of the Charnley-Williams method of intramedullary fixation for treatment of @entity1516 of the tibia have varied, in part because of variations in surgical technique. The outcomes of three variations of this procedure were compared to determine which technique was the most likely to result in union. METHODS: The results in twenty-three consecutive @entity1 with @entity1516 of the tibia were reviewed at four to fourteen years following initial surgical treatment with an intramedullary rod. Three types of procedures were performed: type A, which consisted of resection of the tibial @entity1516 with @entity3207 , insertion of an intramedullary rod into the tibia, and tibial bone-grafting combined with fibular resection or osteotomy and insertion of an intramedullary rod into the fibula; type B, which was identical to type A except that it did not include fibular fixation; and type C, which consisted of insertion of a tibial rod and bone-grafting but no fibular surgery. The outcome was classified as grade 1 when there was unequivocal union with full weight-bearing function and maintenance of alignment requiring no additional surgical treatment; grade 2 when there was equivocal union with useful function, with the limb protected by a brace, and/or valgus or sagittal bowing for which additional surgery was required or anticipated; and grade 3 when there was persistent nonunion or refracture, requiring full-time external support for @entity158 and/or instability. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (48%) ultimately had a grade-1 outcome; nine, a grade-2 outcome; and three, a grade-3 outcome. The final outcome was not associated with either the initial radiographic appearance of the lesion or the age of the @entity1 at the time of the initial surgery. The results following type-A and B operations were better than those after type-C procedures. Surgery on an intact fibula resulted in a lower prevalence of grade-3 outcomes than was found when an intact fibula was not operated on (p = 0.05). Transfixation of the ankle joint by the intramedullary rod did not decrease the prevalence of grade-3 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There is little justification for a type-C operation, as it either resulted in a persistent nonunion or failed to improve an equivocal outcome in every case. Leaving an intact fibula undisturbed to maintain stability or length also was not successful in this series. In addition, the presence of fibular insufficiency ( @entity174 or a pre-pseudarthrotic lesion) was highly prognostic for subsequent @entity85 (occurring in ten of twelve cases), whether or not the fibula eventually healed.

title: XXXX of the tibia: results of technical variations in the charnley-williams procedure.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pseudarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1516 :: (MESH:D011542,Disease) :: ['Congenital pseudarthrosis']


abstract: 16 consecutive totally edentulous @entity1 were provided with 95 osseointegrated @entity702 fixtures in 7 upper and 9 lower jaws. Facultatively removable bridges were later connected to abutments, attached to the fixtures. The marginal soft and hard tissue reactions were investigated at a baseline examination and after 6, 12, 21, 30 and 39 months by standardized clinical and radiographical methods. At the last examination, microbiological samples and gingival biopsies were also analysed. The % ratios of abutments without plaque, 70-75%, and without any @entity2522 , 80-85%, were almost constant throughout the study. The mean probing depth was 2.9 mm at the final examination. About 75% of all probing depths were 3 mm or less and none exceeded 5 mm. The bridge-gingiva distances increased during the investigation. @entity1464 surrounded 65% of the buccal and lingual abutment surfaces. Only 0.9 mm marginal bone was lost as a mean during the first year and not more than 0.05 mm annually for the next 2 years. After 6 months, no significant changes in marginal bone levels occurred. The perifixtural bone gradually became more radiopaque, especially marginally in upper jaws, indicating a successive load-related remodelling. The microbiotia comprised coccoid cells and non-motile rods to 93% in 32 samples. Healthy tissues were present in 35% of the 14 soft tissue biopsies. In a further 29%, only a slight inflammation was observed. No constant correlations could be established for any of the investigation parameters used. It is concluded that the marginal soft tissue reactions were mild and not significant for a progressive @entity2521 . Mobility tests of separate fixtures combined with quantitative and qualitative standardized radiological examinations of the surrounding bone appear to provide a truer comprehension of longitudinal events at osseointegrated implants than conventional clinical soft tissue observations. The prognosis for the osseointegrated implants appears excellent, especially with regard to the microbiotia, the small marginal bone height changes, and the radiological indications of remodelling in the perifixtural bone.

title: Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated XXXX fixtures (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['Attached gingiva']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: Inconsistent conclusions have been drawn about the clinical significance of micrometastases in lymph nodes (LNs) of node-negative @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . We performed a comparative study of detection of micrometastases using immunohistochemistry (IHC) by anti-cytokeratin antibody and @entity787 ( @entity787 )-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the same @entity1 , in an attempt to move closer to their clinical application. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-four @entity14 @entity1 , with RNA of good quality available from @entity982 -embedded LN specimens, were selected from 84 stage II @entity1 who underwent curative surgery between 1988 and 1996. We investigated associations between the presence of micrometastases by each method and prognosis. RESULTS: Micrometastases were detected in 19 (29.6%) of 64 @entity1 by RT-PCR and in 35 (54.7%) of 64 @entity1 by IHC. By RT-PCR analysis, @entity1 exhibiting a positive band for @entity787 mRNA had a significantly worse prognosis than those who were RT-PCR-negative, with respect to both disease-free and overall survival (P =.027 and.015, respectively). By IHC analysis, the presence of micrometastasis did not predict @entity1 outcome in terms of either disease-free or overall survival. Infiltrating pattern of @entity5 growth characteristic was significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival among various clinical or pathologic factors. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, micrometastasis detected by RT-PCR and the @entity30 were both independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Micrometastases detected by RT-PCR, but not IHC, may be of clinical value in identifying @entity1 who may be at high risk for recurrence of @entity14 and who are therefore likely to benefit from systemic adjuvant therapy.

title: Comparative detection of lymph node micrometastases of stage II XXXX by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction"]

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the hippocampal volume differences and its relation with @entity1090 treatment in @entity161 . In @entity161 @entity1 who were on @entity1090 treatment (n = 11) and in healthy volunteers (n = 11), volumes of the hippocampi were estimated using magnetic resonance images (MRIs). A detailed systematic series of coronal MRIs of the entire brain (3 mm thickness, T(1)-weighted, TR/TE 400/10 ms) was obtained for each subject. All estimations were done according to Cavalieri's method by a modified point-counting grid placed on surface areas of hippocampal slices. The mean right and left hippocampal volumes in schizophrenics and control subjects were 1059.4 and 1003.2 mm(3), and 1780.1 and 1589.1 mm(3), respectively. The corresponding coefficients of errors were 0.05 and 0.068, and 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. The volumes of left and right hemispheres were not significantly different in both @entity161 @entity1 and controls (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between hippocampal volumes of the @entity161 @entity1 and controls. In conclusion, the hippocampal volume of the @entity161 @entity1 is significantly smaller than of the healthy controls. The @entity1 who responded well to @entity1090 treatment had significantly greater hippocampal volumes than the @entity1 who did not respond properly. Thus, hippocampal volume may be a predictor of the treatment response of schizophrenics to @entity1090 .

title: Hippocampal volume in XXXX and its relationship with @entity1090 treatment: a stereological study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the significance of the hippocampal volume differences and its relation with @entity1090 treatment in @entity161 . In @entity161 @entity1 who were on @entity1090 treatment (n = 11) and in healthy volunteers (n = 11), volumes of the hippocampi were estimated using magnetic resonance images (MRIs). A detailed systematic series of coronal MRIs of the entire brain (3 mm thickness, T(1)-weighted, TR/TE 400/10 ms) was obtained for each subject. All estimations were done according to Cavalieri's method by a modified point-counting grid placed on surface areas of hippocampal slices. The mean right and left hippocampal volumes in schizophrenics and control subjects were 1059.4 and 1003.2 mm(3), and 1780.1 and 1589.1 mm(3), respectively. The corresponding coefficients of errors were 0.05 and 0.068, and 0.059 and 0.081, respectively. The volumes of left and right hemispheres were not significantly different in both @entity161 @entity1 and controls (p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between hippocampal volumes of the @entity161 @entity1 and controls. In conclusion, the hippocampal volume of the @entity161 @entity1 is significantly smaller than of the healthy controls. The @entity1 who responded well to @entity1090 treatment had significantly greater hippocampal volumes than the @entity1 who did not respond properly. Thus, hippocampal volume may be a predictor of the treatment response of schizophrenics to @entity1090 .

title: Hippocampal volume in @entity161 and its relationship with XXXX treatment: a stereological study.

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of interventional cardiology (PCI) started already with the introduction of catheterization but was pushed forward by A. Gr  ntzig with the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 1977. In the beginning very slow progress could be observed. This changed when Gr  ntzig changes to Emory university, Atlanta. Already after 10 years alternative techniques were introduced like stent implantation and rotablation, coronary atherectomy, laser angioplasty, ultrasound therapy. During the following years, it became obvious that only for stent implantation (see W. Rutsch et al, Berlin, p.481) and rotablation (see T. Dill et al, Bad Nauheim, p.502) standard indications could be seen in addition to PTCA. Brachytherapy for treatment of in stent restenosis and laserwire recanalisation of occluded vessels were added. NEW METHODS: New protection systems - aspiration or filters - were introduced for increase of PCI safety in @entity1211 (see C. Hamm et al, Bad Nauheim, p.527). The main step forward seems to be the introduction of drug eluting covered stent either with polymer (see E. Grube et al, Siegburg, p.508) or ceramic coating (see H. Wieneke et al, Essen, p.518). @entity256 rates, which were already reduced by bare stent for 20-30%, could be lowered below 10%. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity6 and main stem @entity850 or multi @entity66 , @entity453 bypass surgery is indicated, but in other @entity1 PCI seems to be as good as surgery in relation to mortality and @entity583 rates. With drug eluting stents the role of PCI may become even more pronounced, because the revascularization rate could be further reduced (see W. Rutsch, Berlin, p.481). CONCLUSION: The future will demonstrate even further main steps for interventions like the percutaneous bypass attempts and the introduction of gen-therapy (A. B. Buchwald, G  ttingen, p.533). Meanwhile we can observe a drop of 1-2% mortality in @entity453 related to 60% influence of prevention and 40% to advanced PCI therapy. This is still a remarkable successful story in medicine provided by cardiology.

title: [Future of interventional cardiology in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous bypass stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: We studied 22 @entity9960 @entity1 with strong quadriceps and good ambulatory capability who had a dislocated hip. These @entity1 did not have @entity158 , had good to excellent hip motion and could sit with no difficulty. All but one was a good to excellent community ambulator with crutches and orthoses. Twenty-five percent had limb length inequality requiring shoe lifts but this combination did not impair functional capability. None owned wheelchairs. Seven had associated @entity85 which required treatment. We concluded that the @entity572 in these @entity1 was not significant. We evaluated a similar series of 11 @entity1 who had open reduction of a dislocated hip an average of 18 months ago. Two @entity1 were slightly improved and five @entity1 were significantly worse after the open reductions. Serious complications related to the surgery ensued in half of the cases. The cost of the surgery and treatment of the complications in these 11 @entity1 was  400,000. We concluded that surgical treatment of @entity572 in ambulatory @entity9960 @entity1 offered no clear cut benefit.

title: The natural history of XXXX in ambulatory myelomeningoceles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'paralytic hip dislocations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculo-skeletal deformities']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocations']


abstract: Genomic instability is believed to play a significant role in @entity5 development by facilitating @entity5 progression and @entity5 heterogeneity. Inter-simple sequence repeat (inter-SSR) PCR has been proved to be a fast and reproducible technique for quantitation of genomic instability (amplifications, deletions, translocations, and insertions) in @entity1 @entity5 . However, the use of inter-SSR PCR in animal models of @entity5 has never been described. This new technique has been adapted in our laboratory for the analysis of spontaneous and induced @entity19 @entity5 . We established the best PCR conditions for each microsatellite-anchored primer and critically evaluated the reproducibility of the band patterns. We also studied the variation of the fingerprints between and within various inbred @entity19 strains, including wild-derived lines. Tumor-specific alterations were detected as gains, losses, or intensity changes in bands when compared with matched normal DNA. We quantitated the extent of alterations by dividing the number of altered bands in the @entity5 by the total number of bands in normal DNA (instability index). By means of inter-SSR PCR, we successfully analyzed genomic alterations in various @entity19 @entity5 , including spontaneous @entity6732 developed in @entity38534 knockout @entity19 as well as chemically induced @entity957 and @entity6732 . Instability index values ranged between 0 and 9%, the highest levels observed in @entity7044 -induced @entity6732 generated in @entity186 ( @entity186 ) nullizygote (-/-) @entity19 . We report here, for the first time, the use of inter-SSR PCR to detect somatic mutations in @entity19 tumoral DNA, including laser-capture microdissected, @entity1042 -fixed tissues. These PCR-based fingerprints provide a novel approach to assessing the number and onset of mutational events in @entity19 @entity5 and will help to understand better the mechanisms of @entity105 in @entity19 models.

title: Application of inter-simple sequence repeat PCR to @entity19 models: assessment of genetic alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Genomic instability is believed to play a significant role in @entity5 development by facilitating @entity5 progression and @entity5 heterogeneity. Inter-simple sequence repeat (inter-SSR) PCR has been proved to be a fast and reproducible technique for quantitation of genomic instability (amplifications, deletions, translocations, and insertions) in @entity1 @entity5 . However, the use of inter-SSR PCR in animal models of @entity5 has never been described. This new technique has been adapted in our laboratory for the analysis of spontaneous and induced @entity19 @entity5 . We established the best PCR conditions for each microsatellite-anchored primer and critically evaluated the reproducibility of the band patterns. We also studied the variation of the fingerprints between and within various inbred @entity19 strains, including wild-derived lines. Tumor-specific alterations were detected as gains, losses, or intensity changes in bands when compared with matched normal DNA. We quantitated the extent of alterations by dividing the number of altered bands in the @entity5 by the total number of bands in normal DNA (instability index). By means of inter-SSR PCR, we successfully analyzed genomic alterations in various @entity19 @entity5 , including spontaneous @entity6732 developed in @entity38534 knockout @entity19 as well as chemically induced @entity957 and @entity6732 . Instability index values ranged between 0 and 9%, the highest levels observed in @entity7044 -induced @entity6732 generated in @entity186 ( @entity186 ) nullizygote (-/-) @entity19 . We report here, for the first time, the use of inter-SSR PCR to detect somatic mutations in @entity19 tumoral DNA, including laser-capture microdissected, @entity1042 -fixed tissues. These PCR-based fingerprints provide a novel approach to assessing the number and onset of mutational events in @entity19 @entity5 and will help to understand better the mechanisms of @entity105 in @entity19 models.

title: Application of inter-simple sequence repeat PCR to XXXX models: assessment of genetic alterations in @entity105 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltrates were isolated from normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic @entity19 mammary tissues. The surface markers on the infiltrating lymphocytes were characterized by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Preneoplastic and neoplastic tissues contained 10- to 20-fold more in situ lymphocytes than did the normal pregnant gland. Most of these lympocytes were T-cells. Relative to the T-cells in normal gland, the T-cells in C4 preneoplastic @entity133 and their spontaneous @entity5 have shifted in favor of the killer-suppressor subpopulation. This shift of T-cell subpopulations was a localized phenomenon and was not seen in the lymph nodes of @entity133 and @entity5 bearing @entity19 . C4 lesion infiltrating cells also contained a subpopulation of lymphocytes that expressed 5- to 6-fold more LFA-1 antigen (lymphocyte function associated antigen-1) than did normal lymph node cells. The infiltrating lymphocytes of @entity5 from cloned cell lines, on the contrary, had the same staining profile as did the lymphocytes from normal gland. Since most studies with @entity1 @entity0 have demonstrated increased killer/suppressor T-cells and the presence of activated lymphocytes (J. Hurlimann and P. Saraga, Int. J. @entity5 , 35: 753-762, 1985; H.L. Whitwell, H.P.A. Hughes, M. Moore, and A. Ahmed, Br. J. @entity5 , 49: 161-172, 1984; and J.A. Ledbetter, R.V. Rouse, H. Spedding Micklem, and L. Herzenberg, J. Exp. Med., 152: 280-295, 1980) the C4 @entity133 and spontaneous @entity5 system may be a more relevant model for studying @entity0 .

title: Characterization of lymphocytic infiltrates in normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic XXXX mammary tissues.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic alveolar nodules']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Most complex @entity34129 are associated with a longitudinal tear of the rotator cuff. Reconstruction of this tear is frequently omitted from surgical reduction and fixation procedures. In 48 @entity1 treated by surgery or by conservative means, we investigated the relationship between rotator cuff integrity and the functional results. The rotator cuff was assessed by ultrasonography, the functional results by the Constant Score. Common signs of rotator cuff alterations were partial or complete @entity194 . In all @entity1 affected, a @entity154 located at the rotator interval was detected. A classification of rotator cuff alterations resulting from @entity34129 was introduced, yielding three categories: none, moderate, or severe. In three @entity1 , sonographic results were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rotator cuff alterations were often associated with displaced consolidation results. Furthermore, the integrity of the rotator cuff significantly correlated with the function achieved. The results support the need for a careful rotator cuff repair in order to optimise treatment results.

title: Rotator cuff alterations resulting from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal defect']

entities_list: @entity34129 :: ('MESH:D006810', 'Disease') :: ['humeral head fractures']

answer: @entity34129 :: (MESH:D006810,Disease) :: ['humeral head fractures']


abstract: It is well known that the luteal function in the @entity1 with @entity4089 is much suppressed by high level of serum @entity4090 . Present study was performed to investigate whether the luteal function in the @entity1 with transient or occulted @entity4089 was affected by the transient increase of serum @entity4090 level. The circadian changes of serum FSH, LH, @entity4090 , @entity1815 , @entity53 and @entity1420 levels were examined in seven cases of the transient or occulted @entity4089 whose BBT charts showed biphasic patterns. Serum @entity4090 levels of these @entity1 were less than 25 ng/ml at daytime and more than 150 ng/ml at 30 minutes after the administration of 500 micrograms of @entity1218 . Blood samplings were taken every two hours through an intravenous indwelling catheter without any disturbances. All of the @entity1 had their breakfast at 7 to 8, lunch at 11 to 12 and dinner at 17 to 18 o'clock and slept from 22 until 6 in the next morning. Serum FSH, LH, @entity4090 , @entity1815 , @entity53 and @entity1420 levels were determined by RIA and the circadian changes of these hormones were analysed. Then, 5 mg of @entity2847 was administered every day to these @entity1 for more than 30 days and the duration of the luteal phase and the mid-luteal serum @entity53 and @entity1420 levels for the indicators of the luteal function were examined before and after the administration of @entity2847 . The circadian changes of serum @entity4090 levels in the @entity1 showed significant increase during both daytime and night compared to those of the control (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of transient or occult XXXX on luteal function].

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by means of simultaneous biventricular pacing improves left ventricular systolic performance and synchrony in @entity1 with @entity712 and @entity5036 . We used tissue tracking and 3D echocardiography to evaluate the impact of sequential CRT with individualized interventricular delay programming. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with severe @entity712 and @entity714 were included. Tissue tracking and 3D echocardiography were carried out before and on the day after pacemaker implantation. Eleven different @entity22286 were examined in each @entity1 . @entity1 were reexamined after 3 months. Simultaneous CRT immediately reduced the extent of @entity1562 displaying delayed @entity2472 (DLC) from 48.6+/-16% to 23.2+/-13% (P<0.01) and increased left ventricular ejection fraction percentage (LVEF%) from 22.4+/-6% to 29.7+/-5% (P<0.01). However, optimum sequential CRT caused a further reduction in the extent of DLC from 23.2+/-13% to 11.1+/-7.2% (P<0.01), with a simultaneous increase in LVEF% (from 29.7+/-5% to 33.9+/-6%, P<0.01). Three months of optimum sequential CRT further improved LVEF% (from 33.6+/-6% to 38.6+/-7.2%, P<0.01). Tissue tracking detected the segments with DLC, and their location determined optimum interventricular delay programming. Compared with simultaneous CRT, sequential CRT increased diastolic filling time by 7+/-2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with simultaneous CRT, sequential CRT significantly improves left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance. Tissue tracking can be used to select optimum interventricular delay during CRT.

title: Sequential versus simultaneous biventricular resynchronization for severe XXXX : evaluation by tissue Doppler imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity22286 :: ('MESH:C563239', 'Disease') :: ['interventricular delays']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal contraction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Discontinuation of dialysis is a common cause of @entity204 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 in North America and the UK, but appears to be unusual in the rest of Europe. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize withdrawal from dialysis in a French population cohort. METHODS: We assessed the cause of @entity204 , and the medical and social characteristics of chronic dialysis @entity1 in a French population who died in 2001. We compared @entity1 who died after withdrawal from dialysis and @entity1 continuing dialysis until @entity204 . We determined the decision-making process when dialysis was withdrawn. RESULTS: In a population cohort of 1436 dialysis @entity1 , 196 died (13.9%). Of them, 40 @entity1 (20.4%) died following withdrawal from dialysis. This was the most common cause of @entity204 , followed by @entity455 (18.4%). @entity1 withdrawing from dialysis had a significantly higher rate of @entity303 (17.5 vs 6.4%, P = 0.02), a poor general condition (55 vs 15.4%, P < 0.001), and were dependent in their life for everyday activities in comparison with @entity1 who died from other causes. They were not different in age, sex, duration of dialysis treatment, dialysis technique, @entity455 , @entity6 , @entity64 or @entity5 , but the sample size was small. Treatment was more often removed in @entity1 with severe medical complications and/or @entity3085 (90%). The decision to stop dialysis was made most often by a physician (77.5%). CONCLUSION: Death after withdrawing from dialysis was the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity454 @entity1 in our French population cohort. The @entity1 who died after discontinuation of treatment were more often in a poor general condition, near the end of life, and most often the physician decided to stop dialysis treatment.

title: Death after withdrawal from dialysis: the most common cause of XXXX in a French dialysis population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Granulosa-lutein cells were harvested from periovulatory follicles in @entity1 ovaries and cultured for up to 6 days, equivalent to almost half of a normal luteal phase. The average rate of basal @entity1420 accumulation in the culture medium was constant at approximately 36 nmol @entity1420 /10(6) cells/day. @entity53 accumulation was too low to measure in the absence of precursor @entity342 . Basal aromatase activity (measured as @entity53 formed in 3 h from 10(-6) M exogenous @entity251 ) was high (average 1.15 nmol @entity53 /10(6) cells/3 h) at the time of cell isolation (Day 0) but fell by greater than 90% on Day 1. By Day 2 the activity had partly recovered and averaged 62% of the Day 0 value, rising to 70% on Day 6. This loss and recovery of aromatase activity was independent of the addition of gonadotrophic hormones to the culture medium. However, dose-related increases in aromatase activity occurred in the presence of highly pure @entity1 pituitary LH (0.1-30 ng/ml). The increase was observed on Day 4 and was maximal on Day 6 (average 3-fold increase over control) in the presence of LH concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml. LH also caused dose-related increases in @entity1420 accumulation by Day 4 with maximal stimulation on Day 6 (average 3-fold increase over control) at greater than or equal to 10.0 ng/ml. Dose-related stimulation of aromatase activity by @entity1 pituitary FSH also occurred but maximal stimulation required the presence of 300 ng FSH/ml and @entity1420 accumulation was hardly affected at this dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotrophic control of steroidogenesis in XXXX granulosa-lutein cells.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity3121 ) is associated with @entity263 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity1 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity3121 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity1 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity3121 . LVI and @entity3121 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity1486 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity3121 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity1486 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity3 (p <0.001) and @entity204 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity3 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity3121 are associated with established markers of @entity146 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity263 .

title: XXXX is a pathological feature of @entity146 in @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['biologically aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Lymphovascular invasion']


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity3121 ) is associated with @entity263 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity1 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity3121 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity1 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity3121 . LVI and @entity3121 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity1486 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity3121 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity1486 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity3 (p <0.001) and @entity204 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity3 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity3121 are associated with established markers of @entity146 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity263 .

title: @entity3 is a pathological feature of XXXX in @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['biologically aggressive disease']


abstract: We examined whether invasion of lymphatic and/or vascular vessels (LVI), or perineural spaces ( @entity3121 ) is associated with @entity263 features and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 630 consecutive @entity1 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized disease. LVI and @entity3121 examination was part of the routine specimen evaluation. RESULTS: Foci of LVI were identified in 32 @entity1 (5%) and 381 (60.5%) had @entity3121 . LVI and @entity3121 were associated with clinical stage T2 disease, higher biopsy and final Gleason sum, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, positive surgical margins and a higher percent of positive biopsy cores (p <0.001). LVI was associated with @entity3 to regional lymph nodes and higher preoperative serum @entity1486 (p <0.001 and 0.004, respectively). @entity3121 and LVI were associated with an increased risk of rapid biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy on univariate (p <0.001 and 0.001, respectively) but not on multivariate analysis. LVI was associated with shorter @entity1486 doubling time after biochemical progression (p = 0.012) and higher probabilities of failed local salvage radiation therapy (p = 0.0169), distant @entity3 (p <0.001) and @entity204 (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only LVI is associated with @entity3 to regional and distant sites, and most importantly with overall survival. LVI and @entity3121 are associated with established markers of @entity146 and rapid biochemical progression in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. Our findings support the routine evaluation of LVI status in radical prostatectomy specimens and its inclusion in predictive models for clinical outcomes, since it appears to be a pathological marker of the lethal phenotype of @entity263 .

title: @entity3 is a pathological feature of @entity146 in XXXX treated with radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3317 (ACTH)-independent @entity774 ( @entity29587 ) is a heterogeneous condition in which @entity701 secretion may be mediated by @entity70992 ( @entity70992 ), vasopressin, @entity2661 and other hormones. We studied the expression profile of @entity29587 by genomic cDNA microarray analysis. Total RNA was extracted from eight tissues (three @entity70992 -dependent) and compared to total RNA obtained from adrenal glands from 62 normal subjects. Genes had to be altered in 75% of the @entity1 , and be up- or downregulated at a cutoff ratio of at least 2.0; 82 and 31 genes were found to be consistently up- and downregulated, respectively. Among the former were regulators of transcription, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle and adhesion. Downregulated sequences included genes involved in immune responses and insulin signaling. Hierarchical clustering correlated with the two main @entity29587 diagnostic groups: @entity70992 -dependent and non- @entity70992 -dependent. The genes encoding the @entity22026 protein ( @entity22026 ) and @entity4186 ( @entity4186 ) were specifically overexpressed in the @entity70992 -dependent @entity29587 . For these, and six more genes, the data were validated by semiquantitative amplification in samples from a total of 32 @entity1 (the original eight, six more cases of @entity29587 , and 18 other @entity1636 and @entity5 ) and the H295R @entity16663 cell line. In conclusion, our data confirmed @entity29587 's clinical heterogeneity by identifying molecularly distinct diagnostic subgroups. Several candidate genes that may be responsible for @entity29587 formation and/or progression were also identified, suggesting pathways that affect the cell cycle, adhesion and transcription as possible mediators of @entity1636 .

title: Gene array analysis of XXXX confirms clinical heterogeneity and identifies several candidate genes as molecular mediators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity70992 :: ('27290', 'Gene') :: ['gastrointestinal peptide', 'GIP']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical hyperplasia', 'adrenocortical hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Gene') :: ['WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 2', 'WISP2']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticotropin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['macronodular adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['macronodular adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity2675 (MBC) is an uncommon phenomenon, accounting for <1% of all @entity5 in @entity1 . It represents a biologically heterogeneous disorder, and its clinical course may vary from indolent and slowly progressive to rapidly metastatic disease. Most of our current knowledge regarding its biology, natural history, and treatment strategies has been extrapolated from its female counterpart. Information regarding prognostic relevance of new molecular markers is limited. At the European Institute of Oncology we performed a study showing data in which p21Waf1 and @entity13525 proteins were evaluated in a series of @entity2675 @entity1 . Our data suggest that the immunohistochemical evaluation of p21Waf1 and @entity13525 expression in male @entity0 may be a further useful marker for selecting @entity1 who express functional proteins that can be predictive for the most efficient endocrine response. Moreover, searching for more conservative treatment, we introduced in our clinical practice sentinel node biopsy, and if present, sentinel node biopsy of the internal mammary chain. The potential clinical implications of complete nodal staging are far-reaching, and give us a major new opportunity to stratify male @entity1 with @entity0 for appropriate surgery as well as giving valuable prognostic information. @entity2675 has biological differences compared with female @entity0 . It responds to hormonal manipulation and chemotherapy, but optimal treatment regimens in males are unknown. By analogy to the female @entity0 , post-mastectomy radiotherapy should be proposed in case of @entity1442 stage and/or lymph node positivity (considering the small volume of the male mammary gland, we suggest post-mastectomy irradiation in case of T >1 cm and/or presence of >1 metastatic axillary lymph node). Breast conserving surgery, performed in selected cases of @entity2675 , should be always followed by radiotherapy. Despite a wealth of small retrospective studies on MBC, its rarity means there is a lack of prospective randomized controlled treatment trials, which needs to be addressed if significant advances are to be made in the treatment of this unusual challenging disease.

title: XXXX : a special therapeutic problem. Anything new? (Review).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['Male breast cancer', 'male breast cancer', 'Carcinoma of the male breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced T']

answer: @entity2675 :: (MESH:D018567,Disease) :: ['Male breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations of the @entity1 @entity14416 gene ( @entity14416 ) were reported to cause granular ( @entity23930 ) and Avellino ( @entity13685 ) @entity3985 in various nationalities. In this study we examined the @entity14416 gene in a Vietnamese population with @entity23930 and @entity13685 . METHODS: Eight unrelated Vietnamese families, including 20 affected and 24 unaffected individuals, were examined; 50 normal Vietnamese individuals were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The @entity14416 gene was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The corneal button was studied. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed typical features of @entity23930 in most cases. A few features of @entity13685 and a @entity1 with an atypical form of @entity23930 were also seen. Histopathological analysis of a @entity23930 cornea showed deposits that stained bright red with Masson trichrome. Sequencing revealed three distinct mutations: @entity14665 in six families, @entity14668 in one family, and @entity70993 in another. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14665 and @entity14668 mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype and thus caused @entity23930 and @entity13685 , respectively, in the families studied. The @entity14665 detected in six of the eight families indicates that the @entity23930 phenotype may be the most common in Vietnamese individuals, unlike in other Asians (Japanese and Korean), where @entity13685 is most common (>90%). The @entity70993 mutation may cause an atypical variant of @entity23930 .

title: Mutation analysis of the @entity14416 gene in Vietnamese with granular and Avellino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14416 :: ('7045', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta-induced', 'TGFBI']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy']

answer: @entity3985 :: (MESH:D003317,Disease) :: ['corneal dystrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mutations of the @entity1 @entity14416 gene ( @entity14416 ) were reported to cause granular ( @entity23930 ) and Avellino ( @entity13685 ) @entity3985 in various nationalities. In this study we examined the @entity14416 gene in a Vietnamese population with @entity23930 and @entity13685 . METHODS: Eight unrelated Vietnamese families, including 20 affected and 24 unaffected individuals, were examined; 50 normal Vietnamese individuals were used as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The @entity14416 gene was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The corneal button was studied. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed typical features of @entity23930 in most cases. A few features of @entity13685 and a @entity1 with an atypical form of @entity23930 were also seen. Histopathological analysis of a @entity23930 cornea showed deposits that stained bright red with Masson trichrome. Sequencing revealed three distinct mutations: @entity14665 in six families, @entity14668 in one family, and @entity70993 in another. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14665 and @entity14668 mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype and thus caused @entity23930 and @entity13685 , respectively, in the families studied. The @entity14665 detected in six of the eight families indicates that the @entity23930 phenotype may be the most common in Vietnamese individuals, unlike in other Asians (Japanese and Korean), where @entity13685 is most common (>90%). The @entity70993 mutation may cause an atypical variant of @entity23930 .

title: Mutation analysis of the XXXX gene in Vietnamese with granular and Avellino @entity3985 .

answer: @entity14416 :: (7045,Gene) :: ['TGFBI']


abstract: Correlation of histopathology with the behavior of cutaneous @entity9600 in 85 @entity468 revealed two distinct histologic subtypes which were predictive of biologic behavior. The first subtype comprised 65 @entity468 of various breeds which had solitary, discrete, dermal @entity5 composed of slightly atypical mast cells. Most @entity5 in this group were histologically and behaviorally benign. However, seven solitary @entity5 with marked anisocytosis and mitotic activity recurred or spread to other sites within 2 to 3 months. The second subtype occurred in 18 @entity468 which had discrete subcutaneous nodules composed primarily of histiocyte-like cells with equivocal cytoplasmic granularity after staining with @entity11979 . They were identified as mast cells by electron microscopy. Seventeen of the 18 affected @entity468 were Siamese. The histiocytic @entity9600 occurred predominantly in young @entity468 (less than 4 years) and were usually multiple. In the four @entity468 of this group for which we have prolonged follow-up data, the @entity5 underwent apparently spontaneous regression within 2 years of initial @entity5 detection. Two other @entity468 had @entity5 which contained mixtures of mast cell and histiocytic morphologies.

title: The morphology and behavior of feline cutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytomas']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

answer: @entity9600 :: (MESH:D034801,Disease) :: ['mastocytomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Late urinary retention (UR) is a known complication that may occur when using high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-B) to boost external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) when treating @entity263 . However, the dosimetric, treatment and clinical factors associated with this complication are not well-known. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to March 2000 a total of 108 @entity1 with local or locally advanced @entity263 were treated with EBRT (45 Gy) and HDR-B as a boost, when 16 to 20 Gy was given in 4 fractions twice daily. Median @entity1 age was 68 years and median followup was 44 months (range 36 to 72). Each implant was performed using 8 to 18 needles with a median active length of 3 cm. Planning ultrasound target volume ranged from 23 to 65 cc. RESULTS: Biological effective doses for the urethral region ranged from 107 to 138 Gy3 (median 113). Crude and 5-year actuarial UR-free survival were 95.4% and 86.2%, respectively. Predictive factors for UR on univariate analysis were age more than 65 years (p = 0.0416), planning ultrasound target volume greater than 35 cc and active length of needles more than 3.5 cm (p = 0.0158). On multivariate analysis by Cox regression age was the only predictive factor (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: HDR-B appears to offer a safe, reproducible and effective method of boosting conventional EBRT in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 . Results with this technology reveal late urinary morbidity rates paralleling those achieved with other forms of treatment, but further long-term followup is still needed to warrant a definitive conclusion.

title: Late urinary morbidity with high dose prostate brachytherapy as a boost to conventional external beam radiation therapy for local and locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our initial results with an original modification of Yachia corporoplasty to correct congenital and acquired ventral penile deviations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 @entity1 with congenital or acquired ventral curvature of the penis underwent modified corporoplasty. The surgical procedure, which was performed during artificial erection, consists of Yachia plasty done in the bed of the deep dorsal vein, which was previously resected. To our knowledge the procedure that we describe is the only corporoplasty for ventral deviation that does not require any manipulation of the neurovascular bundle but ensures at the same time definitive coalescence of the tunical edges. RESULTS: Penile curvature was completely eliminated in all @entity1 . No change in erectile function was reported by 11 @entity1 (92%). Eight @entity1 (67%) reported penile shortening (1 to 2.5 cm) but the decreased length did not cause interference with sexual activity. No other surgery related complication, such as @entity158 or loss of sensitivity, was reported. Ten of the 12 @entity1 interviewed (83%) reported full satisfaction with the results. Two @entity1 (17%) reported partial satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Nesbit procedure that we propose allows complete and definitive correction of @entity546 without any manipulation of the dorsal bundle. Excellent penile straightening and the lack of significant @entity260 result in high @entity1 satisfaction rates.

title: Modified corporoplasty for XXXX : description of the technique and initial results.

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['ventral penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['ventral penile curvature']


abstract: Two concerns, neither of which is particularly new, underlie the current reluctance to use @entity581 more broadly. First, an undeniable fact is that these compounds can be toxic, particularly in @entity1 with @entity8 or those receiving other nephrotoxic medications. Second, a more emotional concern is that widespread use of @entity581 , particularly the newer compounds that are more resistant to enzymatic inactivation, may engender widespread resistance. In fact, several sources lead one to doubt whether widespread use of potent and highly effective agents like @entity4509 will by itself increase a clinical reservoir of more resistant microbes. First, the surveillance studies undertaken in many hospitals show some modest reduction in overall @entity4028 resistance even when a drug like @entity4509 is used to supplant antecedent compounds of the same class. Second, in institutions where no official surveillance programs have been undertaken but where ongoing surveillance has been maintained, susceptibility to @entity4509 has remained constant when recent blood isolates are compared with blood isolates from more than 10 years ago. Third, in controlled clinical trials, particularly in immunocompromised @entity1 , the overall emergence of resistance has been remarkably low and contrasts rather strikingly with what has been observed in some monotherapeutic studies of @entity3405 agents. The presence of @entity4028 -resistant strains cannot be denied, but the circumstances leading to the emergence of such resistance must be carefully assessed, particularly outside of the setting in which these drugs are used as first-line therapy for critically ill @entity1 . For instance, there is substantial evidence to suggest that the topical use of @entity581 or the use of these agents when there may be environmental contamination could lead to the emergence of resistance. Before one incriminates the use of any one drug as predisposing to the emergence of resistance, one needs to have more information about the total exposure of a given bacterial population to @entity4028 therapy. The emergence of resistance to @entity581 has been associated with exposure to the more commonly used agents such as @entity801 or @entity2890 . With some of the newer @entity3405 agents, the rate of emergence of resistance, unlike that of the @entity581 , has appeared to be remarkably high. If the concern about emergence of resistance is genuine, and to maintain consistency of approaches, the @entity166 community should focus more attention on limiting or restricting the use of the more widely used @entity3405 compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX resistance: a worldwide perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglycoside']


abstract: Recent clinicopathological studies identified a unique subgroup of @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) that expresses @entity5893 on the cell surface. This 'de novo @entity5893 + @entity1892 ' comprises 10% of all @entity1892 and has a poorer prognosis than @entity5893 - @entity1892 . Comparison of gene expression profiles between de novo @entity5893 + DLBCLs and @entity5893 - DLBCLs shows that de novo @entity5893 + @entity1892 expresses high levels of @entity2393 in @entity5 cells and @entity4210 in the vascular cells. On the other hand, comparison between @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) and DLBCLs expectedly identified @entity4910 as a top feature gene. To gain insight into the molecular pathway differences among the three types of @entity706 , we evaluated the functional categories of groups of genes important for the discrimination among the three groups. We first selected 280 (from 2,142) genes, according to their individual discriminatory power. We then used the gene-shaving clustering algorithm and identified 22 clusters of genes. Of the 22 clusters, six were highly correlated with the class labels of the @entity1 and the top three clusters accounted for the major difference among the three @entity706 subtypes. A @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) analysis using the average genes from the top three clusters separated the three @entity706 subtypes quite well. The functions of the genes in the top three gene clusters showed a significant enrichment of metabolism and signal transduction. To further examine whether genes of particular functions reflect more faithfully the difference between the subtypes of @entity706 , we separated the 280 informative genes into six different functional groups and performed @entity2653 analysis using each of the gene groups. Four of the gene-function groups (metabolism, signal transduction pathway, transcriptional factors, cell adhesion and migration), separated the three @entity706 subtypes well, whereas apoptosis genes and cell cycle genes did not result in good separation.

title: Pathway analysis of informative genes from microarray data reveals that metabolism and signal transduction genes distinguish different subtypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'multidimensional scaling']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphomas', 'MCLs']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: The prognostic significance of @entity63 (AC) is controversial. We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and performed serial electroencephalography (EEG) in a 60-year-old @entity1 in @entity772 after @entity1167 . The first EEG was recorded after 48 hours (GCS=5; E1-V1-M3); brain-stem reflexes were preserved. The EEG pattern showed monotonous alpha frequencies (10-11 Hz) with posterior predominance; acoustic and noxious stimuli evoked EEG reactivity. Early cortical SEPs (72 h) were normal. On the fifth day (GCS=8; E4-V1-M3), the EEG alpha pattern was replaced by a diffuse delta activity; rhythmic theta changes appeared spontaneously or in response to stimuli. The @entity1 regained consciousness on the tenth day and EEG showed posterior theta activity (6-7 c/s) partially reactive to stimuli. At the 6-month follow-up, cognitive evaluation showed mild @entity303 . Recent studies identified two forms of AC. @entity1 with complete AC have an outcome that is almost invariably poor. Conversely, incomplete AC (posteriorly accentuated alpha frequency, reactive and with SEPs mostly normal) reflects a less severe degree of @entity2806 . The case we report should be classified, according to the SEPs and EEG features, as incomplete AC. The fact that the @entity1 has regained consciousness, even if with residual @entity73 , confirms the need to distinguish this variant from complete AC.

title: XXXX : prognostic significance of the incomplete variant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['post-anoxic-ischemic alpha coma']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Anoxic-ischemic alpha coma']


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 8 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (functional class III) and in twelve controls before and after administration of 6.25 mg and 25 mg @entity3371 , respectively. In four controls, CBF was measured by the intracarotid xenon-133 (133Xe) injection technique using stationary external detectors, while inhalation of 133Xe and single photon emission computer tomography was used in the remaining cases. In the control group, the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was calculated from measurements of the arterio-venous @entity26 difference as well. Mean CBF was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the @entity1 with @entity712 as compared to our controls. Following @entity3371 administration the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the @entity712 @entity1 , ranging from 5 to 40%. Three @entity1 showed decreases of blood pressure to values of 56, 65, and 76 mm Hg, but no symptoms of @entity1779 were elicited. CBF was unchanged after @entity3371 administration, even in the @entity1 showing a marked @entity551 . In the control group, the blood pressure, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 remained essentially constant following @entity3371 administration. It is concluded that the cerebral circulation is well preserved during @entity3371 treatment of @entity712 . This might be explained by a shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation towards lower blood pressure levels.

title: Effect of @entity3371 on the cerebral circulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 8 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (functional class III) and in twelve controls before and after administration of 6.25 mg and 25 mg @entity3371 , respectively. In four controls, CBF was measured by the intracarotid xenon-133 (133Xe) injection technique using stationary external detectors, while inhalation of 133Xe and single photon emission computer tomography was used in the remaining cases. In the control group, the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 was calculated from measurements of the arterio-venous @entity26 difference as well. Mean CBF was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in the @entity1 with @entity712 as compared to our controls. Following @entity3371 administration the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the @entity712 @entity1 , ranging from 5 to 40%. Three @entity1 showed decreases of blood pressure to values of 56, 65, and 76 mm Hg, but no symptoms of @entity1779 were elicited. CBF was unchanged after @entity3371 administration, even in the @entity1 showing a marked @entity551 . In the control group, the blood pressure, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for @entity26 remained essentially constant following @entity3371 administration. It is concluded that the cerebral circulation is well preserved during @entity3371 treatment of @entity712 . This might be explained by a shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation towards lower blood pressure levels.

title: Effect of XXXX on the cerebral circulation in @entity712 .

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: @entity2909 of the ovary is relatively rare and its origin is still controversial. Here, we report 2 cases of @entity43 . Case 1, a 59-year-old @entity1 who complained of @entity1661 . Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large solid mass in the lower abdomen. The mass was diagnosed as @entity1868 preoperatively, but it turned out to be a left @entity43 at laparotomy. The @entity5 was about an adult-head size, grayish, elastic hard, and solid. In case 2, a fist-sized mass was accidentally detected in the right ovary of a 84-year-old @entity1 during laparotomy for @entity5 . Histologically both @entity5 were composed of solid proliferation of short spindle-shaped cells, that formed interlacing fascicles and showed varying degrees of @entity8855 . Both @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity2909 . Although this @entity5 is rather infrequent, it is necessary to consider @entity2909 for differential diagnosis, when a solid @entity5 is detected in the ovary.

title: Primary XXXX of the ovary--a report of 2 resected cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor', 'ovarian leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['uterine myoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma', 'Leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyoma']


abstract: One hundred and forty-two consecutive @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 and normal coronary arteries were followed up for a mean period of 49.3 +/- 13.1 months. No @entity204 and one @entity583 occurred. Half of the @entity1 were @entity158 -free at follow-up. A definite relationship between persistence of @entity158 and duration of @entity158 history and a positive response to @entity1242 before coronary arteriography were found. @entity1 with persistent @entity158 were more frequently hospitalized for @entity66 , underwent more surgical interventions and took more often noncardiac medication. Rehospitalizations for acute @entity662 were infrequent. Two thirds of the @entity1 resumed their normal activities. Younger age, disappearance of @entity158 , type of occupation, and a shorter duration of the @entity158 history favored return to work. Nonactive @entity1 presented more intercurrent noncardiac, medical and surgical pathology. The findings in @entity1 with a previous @entity583 were similar to those of the group with only @entity662 .

title: Unexplained XXXX with normal coronary arteriograms. A follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The oxidative metabolism of @entity107 ( @entity108 ) was investigated by @entity3094 determination using microsomes from nasal mucosa and liver of @entity35 and nasal mucosa and liver of @entity329 , to establish the role of metabolic activation in the organo-targets for the carcinogenicity of the @entity22463 . The hepatic microsomal de-ethylation of @entity108 followed simple and biphasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics for @entity35 liver and hamster liver, respectively. Both de-ethylations were inducible by @entity109 (PB) and the @entity108 -de-ethylase activities and the Michaelis constants were determined. Microsomes from hamster liver showed a higher metabolic rate (Vmax) and a better affinity (Km) towards @entity108 with respect to microsomes from @entity35 liver. In hamster, microsomes from nasal tissue biotransformed @entity108 at a rate and affinity quite similar to those of liver. In contrast, nasal mucosa of @entity35 metabolized @entity108 poorly. The effect of @entity4235 , a classical inhibitor of P-450 monooxygenases, on @entity108 de-ethylation was studied. It inhibited both hepatic and nasal @entity108 -de-ethylase activity, with greater affinity towards the latter. In addition @entity4235 had a greater inhibitory effect on the hepatic P-450 isozymes induced in PB-treated animals. These results correlate well with the organotrophy of @entity108 @entity105 in the nasal region of hamster, but not of @entity35 . They suggest that for the nose the metabolic activation of @entity108 in situ is necessary to elicit its carcinogenic effect.

title: Metabolism of XXXX by nasal mucosa and hepatic microsomes from hamster and @entity35 : species specificity of nasal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian Golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['diethylnitrosamine']


abstract: The oxidative metabolism of @entity107 ( @entity108 ) was investigated by @entity3094 determination using microsomes from nasal mucosa and liver of @entity35 and nasal mucosa and liver of @entity329 , to establish the role of metabolic activation in the organo-targets for the carcinogenicity of the @entity22463 . The hepatic microsomal de-ethylation of @entity108 followed simple and biphasic Michaelis-Menten kinetics for @entity35 liver and hamster liver, respectively. Both de-ethylations were inducible by @entity109 (PB) and the @entity108 -de-ethylase activities and the Michaelis constants were determined. Microsomes from hamster liver showed a higher metabolic rate (Vmax) and a better affinity (Km) towards @entity108 with respect to microsomes from @entity35 liver. In hamster, microsomes from nasal tissue biotransformed @entity108 at a rate and affinity quite similar to those of liver. In contrast, nasal mucosa of @entity35 metabolized @entity108 poorly. The effect of @entity4235 , a classical inhibitor of P-450 monooxygenases, on @entity108 de-ethylation was studied. It inhibited both hepatic and nasal @entity108 -de-ethylase activity, with greater affinity towards the latter. In addition @entity4235 had a greater inhibitory effect on the hepatic P-450 isozymes induced in PB-treated animals. These results correlate well with the organotrophy of @entity108 @entity105 in the nasal region of hamster, but not of @entity35 . They suggest that for the nose the metabolic activation of @entity108 in situ is necessary to elicit its carcinogenic effect.

title: Metabolism of @entity107 by nasal mucosa and hepatic microsomes from hamster and XXXX : species specificity of nasal mucosa.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity8455 may occur even in adequately controlled @entity6 mothers. This may reflect the problem of using maternal glycemia as an indicator of fetal glycemia, because the placenta interposed between both compartments has its own @entity413 metabolism. Here, we propose a model by which the placenta protects the fetus at moderate levels of maternal @entity4854 . One characteristic feature of the @entity1 placenta in @entity6 is the increased deposition of glycogen. Neither @entity4854 nor @entity3190 increase the glycogen content in the trophoblast. Since the glycogen increments in @entity6 are predominantly located around fetoplacental vessels, it is tempting to assume a fetal origin of @entity413 making up the glycogen deposits. In fact, @entity413 can be transported back from the fetus into the placenta and this reflux is increased in @entity6 . Therefore, in conditions of fetal @entity413 levels exceeding the demand for sustaining fetal growth and metabolism, @entity413 can be stored in the liver and other fetal tissues. Once these stores are saturated, @entity413 is extracted from the fetal circulation by the @entity413 transporters @entity1365 and @entity22408 on cells surrounding the fetoplacental vasculature and stored therein, again in the form of glycogen. These processes might be under the control of fetal @entity2690 , because @entity2690 injected into the fetal circulation increases placental glycogen stores. @entity8455 would then occur only when fetal @entity4854 exceeds the placental capacity to store excess fetal @entity413 . Thus, the placental failure to protect the fetus would cause the 'unexplained' phenotypic changes occasionally found in fetuses born to well-controlled @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Is fetal @entity8455 in adequately controlled XXXX @entity1 the result of a placental defect?--a hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity8455 may occur even in adequately controlled @entity6 mothers. This may reflect the problem of using maternal glycemia as an indicator of fetal glycemia, because the placenta interposed between both compartments has its own @entity413 metabolism. Here, we propose a model by which the placenta protects the fetus at moderate levels of maternal @entity4854 . One characteristic feature of the @entity1 placenta in @entity6 is the increased deposition of glycogen. Neither @entity4854 nor @entity3190 increase the glycogen content in the trophoblast. Since the glycogen increments in @entity6 are predominantly located around fetoplacental vessels, it is tempting to assume a fetal origin of @entity413 making up the glycogen deposits. In fact, @entity413 can be transported back from the fetus into the placenta and this reflux is increased in @entity6 . Therefore, in conditions of fetal @entity413 levels exceeding the demand for sustaining fetal growth and metabolism, @entity413 can be stored in the liver and other fetal tissues. Once these stores are saturated, @entity413 is extracted from the fetal circulation by the @entity413 transporters @entity1365 and @entity22408 on cells surrounding the fetoplacental vasculature and stored therein, again in the form of glycogen. These processes might be under the control of fetal @entity2690 , because @entity2690 injected into the fetal circulation increases placental glycogen stores. @entity8455 would then occur only when fetal @entity4854 exceeds the placental capacity to store excess fetal @entity413 . Thus, the placental failure to protect the fetus would cause the 'unexplained' phenotypic changes occasionally found in fetuses born to well-controlled @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Is fetal XXXX in adequately controlled @entity6 @entity1 the result of a placental defect?--a hypothesis.

answer: @entity8455 :: (MESH:D005320,Disease) :: ['macrosomia']