abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate innervation of transplanted supernumerary hindlimbs in the frog ( @entity1238 ). Motoneurons innervating identified muscles in normal and supernumerary limbs were located by the method of retrograde transport of HRP after intramuscular injection. In the lumbar spinal cord of normal @entity1238 , motoneurons supplying medial hindlimb muscles, which are derived from the ventral muscle mass during development, are located at the medial end of the motor column; those innervating lateral, dorsally-derived muscles, lie at the lateral end of the motor column. In animals with supernumerary limbs, motoneurons supplying the transplant usually occupied the same mediolateral position as those supplying the same muscle in the normal limb. However, the rostrocaudal location of these motor pools exhibited greater flexibility. When the transplant was innervated by a rostral nerve of the lumbar plexus, motoneurons supplying gastrocnemius could be located in a region of the spinal cord whose motoneurons do not normally innervate this muscle. There is thus no rigid requirement that gastrocnemius motoneurons be located at specific segmental levels. Motoneurons supplying gastrocnemius in the normal limb on the experimental side showed normal rostrocaudal distributions, indicating little rearrangement of these motor pools. Dorsal root @entity4494 cells labeled after HRP injection could be concentrated in a @entity4494 which normally supplies little or no innervation to the injected muscle. The location of these cells confirmed the segmental source of sensory innervation of the extra limb; i.e., there was no stray innervation. Animals with supernumerary limbs exhibited little or no increase in the number of motoneurons on the extra limb side. In contrast, dorsal root @entity4494 cell populations exhibited a large increase on the experimental side.

title: Location of motoneurons supplying individual muscles in normal and grafted supernumerary limbs of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2213 is the front-line targeted therapy for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity1 's eligibility to adjuvant @entity2213 after primary @entity5 resection is currently based on histological and clinical risk assessment. While therapeutic options are clear for the very-low, low and high-risk subpopulations, no standard is actually available for the @entity5 classified as intermediate. Since we recently validated genomic index (GI), a measure of the level of genomic alterations, as a strong predictor of clinical outcome in @entity677 , we asked whether it could also represent a novel prognostic factor for the intermediate subgroup. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 82 intermediate risk @entity1 were selected based on the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) classification for genomic profiling. RESULTS: Data revealed that even if studied samples generally harboured a combination of the typical genetic aberrations found in @entity677 , i.e. 1p, 14q 22q deletions and frequently lost @entity986 locus on chromosome 9, they profoundly differed from each other on the total number of genomic changes and GI value. Kaplan-Meier analyses of metastatic-free survival unveiled that stratification of the @entity5 by the GI value at a cutoff of 10 separated the good from the poor prognosis @entity1 , proven that metastatic-risk in @entity677 intermediate @entity1 is strongly associated with high GI values and genome complexity. CONCLUSION: GI is validated here as a robust marker to predict intermediate- @entity677 clinical outcome. Applicable in numerous Pathology Laboratories already using array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) with @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, this assay presently stands as an efficient tool for the clinical management of intermediate @entity677 - @entity1 .

title: Genomic index predicts clinical outcome of intermediate-risk XXXX , providing a new inclusion criterion for @entity2213 adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'tumours', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumours']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2213 is the front-line targeted therapy for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity1 's eligibility to adjuvant @entity2213 after primary @entity5 resection is currently based on histological and clinical risk assessment. While therapeutic options are clear for the very-low, low and high-risk subpopulations, no standard is actually available for the @entity5 classified as intermediate. Since we recently validated genomic index (GI), a measure of the level of genomic alterations, as a strong predictor of clinical outcome in @entity677 , we asked whether it could also represent a novel prognostic factor for the intermediate subgroup. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 82 intermediate risk @entity1 were selected based on the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) classification for genomic profiling. RESULTS: Data revealed that even if studied samples generally harboured a combination of the typical genetic aberrations found in @entity677 , i.e. 1p, 14q 22q deletions and frequently lost @entity986 locus on chromosome 9, they profoundly differed from each other on the total number of genomic changes and GI value. Kaplan-Meier analyses of metastatic-free survival unveiled that stratification of the @entity5 by the GI value at a cutoff of 10 separated the good from the poor prognosis @entity1 , proven that metastatic-risk in @entity677 intermediate @entity1 is strongly associated with high GI values and genome complexity. CONCLUSION: GI is validated here as a robust marker to predict intermediate- @entity677 clinical outcome. Applicable in numerous Pathology Laboratories already using array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) with @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, this assay presently stands as an efficient tool for the clinical management of intermediate @entity677 - @entity1 .

title: Genomic index predicts clinical outcome of intermediate-risk @entity5 , providing a new inclusion criterion for XXXX adjuvant therapy.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both apoptosis and @entity39 contribute to cell death after @entity741 and reperfusion. We previously reported that brief left ventricular pressure overload (LVPO) decreased @entity583 ( @entity583 ) size. In this study, we investigated whether brief pressure overload reduces apoptosis and the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity583 was induced by a 40-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and 3-h reperfusion in male anesthetized @entity35 . Brief LVPO was achieved by two 10-min partial snarings of the ascending aorta, raising the systolic left ventricular pressure 50% above the baseline value. Ischemic preconditioning was elicited by two 10-min coronary artery occlusions and 10-min reperfusions. RESULTS: Brief LVPO and ischemic preconditioning significantly decreased @entity583 size (P  <  0.001). Brief pressure overload significantly reduced @entity296 , as evidenced by the decrease in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling-positive nuclei (P  <  0.001), little or no DNA laddering, and reduced @entity4124 activation (P  <  0.01). Moreover, brief pressure overload significantly increased @entity1976 (P  <  0.001) and decreased @entity2310 (P  <  0.001) and @entity10740 (P  <  0.01). Akt phosphorylation was significantly increased by brief pressure overload (P  <  0.001), whereas c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation was significantly decreased (P  <  0.001). Hemodynamics, area at risk, and mortality did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Brief left LVPO significantly reduces @entity296 . The underlying mechanisms might be related to modulation of @entity1976 and @entity2310 , inhibition of @entity10740 , increased Akt phosphorylation, and suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation.

title: Brief left ventricular pressure overload reduces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial apoptosis']


abstract: ICR @entity19 have heterogeneous susceptibility to lethal @entity501 yoelii 17XL from the first days of experimental @entity281 as evidenced by the different @entity5895 levels and clinical outcomes. This @entity19 model has revealed specific immune responses on peripheral blood correlating with the @entity281 fate of the animals. To search for immune-markers linked to @entity5895 we examined B lymphocytes in organs of the immune system as key effectors of rodent immunity against @entity311 . To determine changes in immune cellularity fostered by the different @entity5895 we examined B cell subsets in low (<15%) and high (>50%) parasitized @entity19 during the first days of the @entity281 . In the case of surviving @entity19 , we studied the preservation of memory immune response 500 days after the primary @entity501 challenge. Correlating with the @entity5895 level, it was observed an increase in total cellularity of spleen during the first week of @entity281 which remained after 16 months of the @entity281 in surviving animals. B cell subsets were also modified across the different @entity281 fates. Subpopulation as follicular B cells and B-1 cells proportions behaved differently depending on the @entity5895 kinetics. In addition, peritoneal cavity cells proliferated in response to high @entity5895 . More significantly, @entity501 -specific memory B cells remained in the spleen 500 days after the primo- @entity281 . This study demonstrates that B cell kinetics is influenced by the different @entity5895 courses which are naturally developed within a same strain of untreated @entity19 . We show that high levels of @entity5895 at the beginning of @entity281 promote an extremely fast and exacerbate response of several cell populations in spleen and peritoneal cavity that, in addition, do not follow the kinetics observed in peripheral blood. Furthermore, our results describe the longest persistence of memory B cells long time upon a single @entity281 in @entity19 .

title: Early and late B cell immune responses in lethal and self-cured rodent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'prognostic parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii', 'P. yoelii']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: @entity161 is associated with atypical multisensory integration. @entity35 treated sub-chronically with @entity143 receptor antagonists to model @entity161 are severely impaired on a tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) task, and this deficit is reversed by systemic @entity1239 . The current study assessed the receptor specificity of the ameliorative effect of @entity1239 in the CMOR task, as well as the potential for nicotinic receptor (nAChR) interactions with @entity1246 and @entity2227 . Male Long-Evans @entity35 were treated sub-chronically for 10 days with @entity3652 or saline and then tested on the CMOR task after a 10-day washout. Systemic @entity1239 given before the sample phase of the CMOR task reversed the @entity3652 -induced impairment, but this effect was blocked by co-administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 at a dosage that itself did not cause impairment. Pre-sample systemic co-administration of the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 did not block the remediating effect of @entity1239 in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 . The selective a7 nAChR agonist @entity18686 and a4b2 nAChR agonist @entity71718 were also tested, with only the latter reversing the @entity3652 impairment dose-dependently; @entity1027 also blocked this effect. Similarly, infusions of @entity1239 or @entity71718 into the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reversed the CMOR impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 , and systemic @entity1027 blocked the effect of intra-OFC @entity71718 . These results suggest that @entity1239 -induced agonism of a4b2 nAChRs within the OFC ameliorates CMOR deficits in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 via stimulation of the GABAergic system. The findings of this research may have important implications for understanding the nature and potential treatment of @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: a4b2 nicotinic receptor stimulation of the GABAergic system within the orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates the severe crossmodal object recognition impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 : Implications for @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity161 is associated with atypical multisensory integration. @entity35 treated sub-chronically with @entity143 receptor antagonists to model @entity161 are severely impaired on a tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) task, and this deficit is reversed by systemic @entity1239 . The current study assessed the receptor specificity of the ameliorative effect of @entity1239 in the CMOR task, as well as the potential for nicotinic receptor (nAChR) interactions with @entity1246 and @entity2227 . Male Long-Evans @entity35 were treated sub-chronically for 10 days with @entity3652 or saline and then tested on the CMOR task after a 10-day washout. Systemic @entity1239 given before the sample phase of the CMOR task reversed the @entity3652 -induced impairment, but this effect was blocked by co-administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 at a dosage that itself did not cause impairment. Pre-sample systemic co-administration of the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 did not block the remediating effect of @entity1239 in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 . The selective a7 nAChR agonist @entity18686 and a4b2 nAChR agonist @entity71718 were also tested, with only the latter reversing the @entity3652 impairment dose-dependently; @entity1027 also blocked this effect. Similarly, infusions of @entity1239 or @entity71718 into the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reversed the CMOR impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 , and systemic @entity1027 blocked the effect of intra-OFC @entity71718 . These results suggest that @entity1239 -induced agonism of a4b2 nAChRs within the OFC ameliorates CMOR deficits in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 via stimulation of the GABAergic system. The findings of this research may have important implications for understanding the nature and potential treatment of @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: a4b2 nicotinic receptor stimulation of the GABAergic system within the orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates the severe crossmodal object recognition impairment in XXXX -treated @entity35 : Implications for @entity73 in @entity161 .

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: @entity161 is associated with atypical multisensory integration. @entity35 treated sub-chronically with @entity143 receptor antagonists to model @entity161 are severely impaired on a tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) task, and this deficit is reversed by systemic @entity1239 . The current study assessed the receptor specificity of the ameliorative effect of @entity1239 in the CMOR task, as well as the potential for nicotinic receptor (nAChR) interactions with @entity1246 and @entity2227 . Male Long-Evans @entity35 were treated sub-chronically for 10 days with @entity3652 or saline and then tested on the CMOR task after a 10-day washout. Systemic @entity1239 given before the sample phase of the CMOR task reversed the @entity3652 -induced impairment, but this effect was blocked by co-administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 at a dosage that itself did not cause impairment. Pre-sample systemic co-administration of the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 did not block the remediating effect of @entity1239 in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 . The selective a7 nAChR agonist @entity18686 and a4b2 nAChR agonist @entity71718 were also tested, with only the latter reversing the @entity3652 impairment dose-dependently; @entity1027 also blocked this effect. Similarly, infusions of @entity1239 or @entity71718 into the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reversed the CMOR impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 , and systemic @entity1027 blocked the effect of intra-OFC @entity71718 . These results suggest that @entity1239 -induced agonism of a4b2 nAChRs within the OFC ameliorates CMOR deficits in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 via stimulation of the GABAergic system. The findings of this research may have important implications for understanding the nature and potential treatment of @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: a4b2 nicotinic receptor stimulation of the GABAergic system within the orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates the severe crossmodal object recognition impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 : Implications for XXXX in @entity161 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: @entity161 is associated with atypical multisensory integration. @entity35 treated sub-chronically with @entity143 receptor antagonists to model @entity161 are severely impaired on a tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) task, and this deficit is reversed by systemic @entity1239 . The current study assessed the receptor specificity of the ameliorative effect of @entity1239 in the CMOR task, as well as the potential for nicotinic receptor (nAChR) interactions with @entity1246 and @entity2227 . Male Long-Evans @entity35 were treated sub-chronically for 10 days with @entity3652 or saline and then tested on the CMOR task after a 10-day washout. Systemic @entity1239 given before the sample phase of the CMOR task reversed the @entity3652 -induced impairment, but this effect was blocked by co-administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 at a dosage that itself did not cause impairment. Pre-sample systemic co-administration of the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 did not block the remediating effect of @entity1239 in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 . The selective a7 nAChR agonist @entity18686 and a4b2 nAChR agonist @entity71718 were also tested, with only the latter reversing the @entity3652 impairment dose-dependently; @entity1027 also blocked this effect. Similarly, infusions of @entity1239 or @entity71718 into the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reversed the CMOR impairment in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 , and systemic @entity1027 blocked the effect of intra-OFC @entity71718 . These results suggest that @entity1239 -induced agonism of a4b2 nAChRs within the OFC ameliorates CMOR deficits in @entity3652 -treated @entity35 via stimulation of the GABAergic system. The findings of this research may have important implications for understanding the nature and potential treatment of @entity73 in @entity161 .

title: a4b2 nicotinic receptor stimulation of the GABAergic system within the orbitofrontal cortex ameliorates the severe crossmodal object recognition impairment in @entity3652 -treated XXXX : Implications for @entity73 in @entity161 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a major public health problem recently, however, no intervention showing convincing efficacy. @entity2332 with a relatively long duration (more than 48h), as a promising treatment measure, might improve the @entity1 outcome following severe @entity131 . METHODS/DESIGN: The LTH-1 trial is a prospective, nationwide multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial to examine the efficacy and safety of long-term mild @entity2332 in adult @entity1 after severe @entity131 . A total of 300 consecutive @entity1 will be recruited from 15 large neurosurgical centers in China. The eligible @entity1 will be randomized to receive either long-term mild @entity2332 (34-35  C) for 5days, or normothermia (36-37  C). Additionally, a standardized management protocol will be used in all @entity1 . The primary end point is the neurological outcome 6months post-injury on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The secondary outcomes include GOS score at one month post-injury, mortality during six months after injury, length of ICU and hospital stay, intracranial pressure control and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score during the hospital stay and frequency of complications during the six-month follow-up period. DISCUSSION: Long-term @entity2332 is recommended by most recent studies and its efficacy urgently needs to be established in randomized controlled settings. The LTH-1 trial, together with other ongoing studies, will present more evidence for optimal use of @entity2332 in severe @entity131 @entity1 .

title: Rationale, methodology, and implementation of a nationwide multicenter randomized controlled trial of long-term mild @entity2332 for severe XXXX (the LTH-1 trial).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a major public health problem recently, however, no intervention showing convincing efficacy. @entity2332 with a relatively long duration (more than 48h), as a promising treatment measure, might improve the @entity1 outcome following severe @entity131 . METHODS/DESIGN: The LTH-1 trial is a prospective, nationwide multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial to examine the efficacy and safety of long-term mild @entity2332 in adult @entity1 after severe @entity131 . A total of 300 consecutive @entity1 will be recruited from 15 large neurosurgical centers in China. The eligible @entity1 will be randomized to receive either long-term mild @entity2332 (34-35  C) for 5days, or normothermia (36-37  C). Additionally, a standardized management protocol will be used in all @entity1 . The primary end point is the neurological outcome 6months post-injury on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The secondary outcomes include GOS score at one month post-injury, mortality during six months after injury, length of ICU and hospital stay, intracranial pressure control and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score during the hospital stay and frequency of complications during the six-month follow-up period. DISCUSSION: Long-term @entity2332 is recommended by most recent studies and its efficacy urgently needs to be established in randomized controlled settings. The LTH-1 trial, together with other ongoing studies, will present more evidence for optimal use of @entity2332 in severe @entity131 @entity1 .

title: Rationale, methodology, and implementation of a nationwide multicenter randomized controlled trial of long-term mild XXXX for severe @entity131 (the LTH-1 trial).

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethiopia is one of the high @entity378 ( @entity378 ) burden countries. An analysis of trends and differentials in case notifications and treatment outcomes of @entity378 may help improve our understanding of the performance of @entity378 control services. METHODS: A retrospective trend analysis of @entity378 cases was conducted in the Sidama Zone in southern Ethiopia. We registered all @entity378 cases diagnosed and treated during 2003-2012 from all health facilities in the Sidama Zone, and analysed trends of @entity378 case notification rates and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The smear positive ( @entity1802 +) case notification rate (CNR) increased from 55 (95% CI 52.5-58.4) to 111 (95% CI 107.4-114.4) per 105 @entity1 . The CNRs of @entity1802 + in @entity1 older than 45 years increased by fourfold, while the mortality of cases during treatment declined from 11% to 3% for smear negative ( @entity1802 -) (X2trend, P<0.001) and from 5% to 2% for @entity1802 + (X2trend, P<0.001). The treatment success was higher in rural areas (AOR 1.11; CI 95%: 1.03-1.2), less for @entity1802 - (AOR 0.86; CI 95%: 0.80-0.92) and higher for @entity1907 (AOR 1.10; CI 95%: 1.02-1.19) compared to @entity1802 +. A higher lost-to-follow up was observed in @entity1 (AOR 1.15; CI 95%: 1.06-1.24) and among @entity1802 - cases (AOR 1.14; CI 95%: 1.03-1.25). More deaths occurred in @entity1802 -cases (AOR 1.65; 95% CI: 1.44-1.90) and among cases older than 65 years (AOR 3.86; CI 95%: 2.94-5.10). Lastly, retreatment cases had a higher mortality than new cases (6% vs 3%). CONCLUSION: Over the past decade @entity378 CNRs and treatment outcomes improved, whereas the disparities of disease burden by gender and place of residence reduced and mortality declined. Strategies should be devised to address higher risk groups for poor treatment outcomes.

title: Trends of XXXX case notification and treatment outcomes in the sidama zone, southern ethiopia: ten-year retrospective trend analysis in urban-rural settings.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2838 ( @entity2838 ) is a rare hereditary, @entity74 . It is characterized by a gastrointestinal @entity1412 and mucocutaneous @entity1709 . It has also been reported as a precondition for @entity5 with a life-time-hazard for @entity5 up to 93%, caused by a germline mutation in the @entity2839 gene. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 21-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity390 and @entity490 . He had a known history of @entity2838 since the age of 13 when he was treated for intussusception due to a @entity1127 . Preoperative diagnostics revealed a second intussusception and an extensive @entity1412 . Intraoperative findings confirmed the suspected diagnoses and desvagination was performed. Nearly 50 @entity1127 were removed from the small intestinum over several longitudinal sections. As the appendix appeared thickened an appendectomy was performed simultaneously. Histology showed @entity1127 and the incidental finding of a pT1 carcinoid of the appendix. The @entity1 recovered well and needed no further treatment for his @entity5 . DISCUSSION: The mechanism of @entity105 in @entity2838 still remains debatable, although the @entity74 underlying the syndrome is known. A predisposition for @entity5 also stays questionable. To our knowledge there is no description of an association between @entity5 of the appendix and @entity2838 to date. CONCLUSION: Life-expectancy in @entity1 with @entity2838 is reduced. Causes are the development of @entity5 and complications from the @entity1127 such as intussusception. Since there is no treatment possible main focus must be aimed at early recognition of @entity5 and the prevention of complications.

title: Appendix carcinoid associated with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous polyps', 'polyps', 'hamartomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancer', 'carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome', 'PJS']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanic spots']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant disorder', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal polyposis', 'polyposis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2838 :: (MESH:D010580,Disease) :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) is the abnormal connection between an artery and vein. Congenital @entity2548 of the popliteal artery is very rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: 89 year old lady presented with right acute lower limb ischaemia. She had unilateral chronic venous hypertensive change in the right leg. @entity2096 was performed. Backflow was achieved. Arteriotomy was closed. The @entity1 's leg continued to deteriorate. She returned to theatre. On-table angiogram showed an occluded SFA. Thrombectomy was completed. SFA was patent but no blood flowed into the distal popliteal artery. A second on table angiogram revealed @entity2548 between popliteal artery and vein. Dissection to the posterior aspect of the knee revealed the @entity292 . The vein was arterialized and enlarged. The @entity2548 was ligated. Normal distal blood flow was achieved. Retrospectively we measured the leg lengths. Right leg was 3cm longer than the left. The right leg circumference was 7cm greater than the left. She reported chronic venous change from a young age. She did not report any history of @entity130 to the limb. DISCUSSION: Popliteal artery to popliteal vein @entity292 is a rare. @entity130 is the most common cause of popliteal @entity2548 . Should the condition develop before closure of the epiphyses, there may be an increase in leg measurements. CONCLUSION: We postulate that this case of @entity292 may be congenital due to discrepancy in leg measurements and unilateral chronic venous hypertensive change. Rarely persistent remnants of the embryonic sciatic artery can lead to arteriovenous anastomoses, which may be a possible aetiology.

title: Incidental discovery of a long standing arteriovenous XXXX after thrombectomy for acute lower limb ischaemia.

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'Arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistula', 'fistula']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: This paper is aimed to assess the diagnostic value of MRI versus 99 Tcm- @entity11326 (99 Tcm- MDP) bone scan (BS) for osseous @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity263 . The computer-based retrieval was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library and Ovid data bases to search for trials about diagnosing osseous @entity3 of @entity263 with MRI and 99Tc"m-MDP BS. Selected with time acceptance and time exclusion criteria, the data quality were evaluated with QUADAS quality assessment tool and collected. We used the Meta-Disc software to conduct meta-analysis, and then calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), drew the summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and measured the area under curve (AUC) and Q value. Then five studies were included, involving 353 @entity1 . The pooled sensitivity of MRI and BS was 0. 95 (95% CI 0. 90~0. 98) and 0. 67 (95% CI 0. 58~0. 75), respectively. The pooled specificity was 0. 97 (95% CI 0. 94~0. 99) and 0. 88 (95% CI 0. 83~0. 91), respectively. The pooled DOR was 402.99 (95% CI 119. 05 ~1364. 15) and 23. 85 (95% CI 1. 32~431. 48), respectively. The AUC was 0. 990 1 and 0. 624 1, respectively. The Q was 0. 958 7 and 0. 593 8. It can well be concluded that MRI is more effective than 99 Tcm-MDP BS in the diagnosis of osseous @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: [Diagnostic value of MRI versus 99Tcm-MDP bone scan in osseous metastasis of XXXX : a meta-analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity11326 :: ('MESH:C027474', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene diphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Few gene markers selectively identify mesenchymal progenitor cells inside the bone marrow. We have investigated a cell population located in the @entity19 bone marrow labeled by Connective Tissue Growth Factor reporter expression ( @entity1612 -EGFP). Bone marrow flushed from @entity1612 reporter @entity19 yielded an EGFP+ stromal cell population. Interestingly, the percentage of stromal cells retaining @entity1612 reporter expression decreased with age in vivo and was half the frequency in females compared to males. In culture, @entity1612 reporter expression and endogenous @entity1612 expression marked the same cell types as those labeled using Twist2-Cre and @entity32251 -Cre fate mapping approaches, which previously had been shown to identify mesenchymal progenitors in vitro. Consistent with this past work, sorted @entity1612 + cells displayed an ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro and into osteoblast, adipocyte, and stromal cell lineages after transplantation into a parietal bone defect. In vivo examination of @entity1612 reporter expression in bone tissue sections revealed that it marked cells highly localized to the trabecular bone region and was not expressed in the perichondrium or periosteum. Mesenchymal cells retaining high @entity1612 reporter expression were adjacent to, but distinct from mature osteoblasts lining bone surfaces and endothelial cells forming the vascular sinuses. Comparison of @entity1612 and @entity32251 reporter expression in bone tissue sections indicated an inverse correlation between the strength of @entity1612 expression and osteoblast maturation. Down-regulation of @entity1612 reporter expression also occurred during in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our studies indicate that @entity1612 reporter @entity19 selectively identify a subpopulation of bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells that reside in the trabecular bone region.

title: Connective Tissue Growth Factor reporter XXXX label a subpopulation of mesenchymal progenitor cells that reside in the trabecular bone region.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Success factors of laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (LNRH) to preserve @entity1494 are little known despite its widespread use. Thus, we conducted a protocol-based prospective cohort study to evaluate clinicopathologic factors for preserving autonomic nerves and its impact on duration of postoperative catheterization (DPC). METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 30 @entity1 with stage @entity3846 to IIA2 cervical @entity5 were recruited prospectively to undergo LNRH. All procedures were performed on the left side of the @entity1 by one gynecologic oncologist. Extent of resection and preservation of autonomic nerves were documented in the protocol during LNRH. RESULTS: All @entity1 received laparoscopic type C1 radical hysterectomy, where extent of resection and preservation of autonomic nerves were not different between the right and left sides. Stage @entity3846 disease was associated with the reduced risk of @entity128 ; between the splanchnic nerve and the vesical branch of the pelvic plexus (S-V junction) (adjusted odds ratios, 0.06 and 0.06; 95  % confidence intervals, 0.01-0.92 and 0.01-0.48); the right S-V junction with marginal significance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.18; 95  % confidence interval, 0.03-1.06). Furthermore, bilateral preservation of autonomic nerves decreased DPC significantly when compared with failure or unilateral preservation (median, 6  days vs. 34  days or 57  days; P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LNRH has a higher likelihood of its success in stage @entity3846 than in stage @entity3847 to IIA disease. Moreover, preservation of bilateral autonomic nerves reduces DPC significantly in comparison with failure or unilateral preservation.

title: Success Factors of Laparoscopic Nerve-sparing Radical Hysterectomy for Preserving Bladder Function in @entity1 with XXXX : A Protocol-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder function']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the left junctions between the hypogastric and the splanchnic nerves']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Success factors of laparoscopic nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (LNRH) to preserve @entity1494 are little known despite its widespread use. Thus, we conducted a protocol-based prospective cohort study to evaluate clinicopathologic factors for preserving autonomic nerves and its impact on duration of postoperative catheterization (DPC). METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 30 @entity1 with stage @entity3846 to IIA2 cervical @entity5 were recruited prospectively to undergo LNRH. All procedures were performed on the left side of the @entity1 by one gynecologic oncologist. Extent of resection and preservation of autonomic nerves were documented in the protocol during LNRH. RESULTS: All @entity1 received laparoscopic type C1 radical hysterectomy, where extent of resection and preservation of autonomic nerves were not different between the right and left sides. Stage @entity3846 disease was associated with the reduced risk of @entity128 ; between the splanchnic nerve and the vesical branch of the pelvic plexus (S-V junction) (adjusted odds ratios, 0.06 and 0.06; 95  % confidence intervals, 0.01-0.92 and 0.01-0.48); the right S-V junction with marginal significance (adjusted odds ratio, 0.18; 95  % confidence interval, 0.03-1.06). Furthermore, bilateral preservation of autonomic nerves decreased DPC significantly when compared with failure or unilateral preservation (median, 6  days vs. 34  days or 57  days; P  <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LNRH has a higher likelihood of its success in stage @entity3846 than in stage @entity3847 to IIA disease. Moreover, preservation of bilateral autonomic nerves reduces DPC significantly in comparison with failure or unilateral preservation.

title: Success Factors of Laparoscopic Nerve-sparing Radical Hysterectomy for Preserving Bladder Function in XXXX with @entity5 : A Protocol-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoration of sinus rhythm by biphasic cardioversion is an established strategy for @entity1 in @entity943 . This study aimed to investigate the real-life practice of cardioversions throughout a local hospital to determine frequency and predictors of success and use of high energy (> 200 joules). METHODS: Prospective analysis of consecutive biphasic cardioversions from 2009-2013. @entity1 demographics, medical history and cardioversion data were collected. RESULTS: 484 cardioversions from 379 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. The majority (73%) of cardioversions were immediately successful after a single shock; overall success was 88% (1-5 shocks). Exploratory analyses revealed that single-shock success was significantly associated with lighter weight (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.0-1.4, p<0.05). If a second shock was required, energy escalation was significantly associated with success (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.43-6.77, p<0.05). Increasing weight was the strongest predictor of receiving high energy (10kg increase OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.81, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective analysis reflects the real-life heterogeneous practice of biphasic cardioversions of @entity943 throughout a local hospital. These findings highlight the importance of first shock energy selection with careful consideration of @entity1 weight. We emphasise the recommendation to escalate energy, highlighting the need for high-energy defibrillators in 'hard-to-cardiovert' @entity1 .

title: A South Australian Registry of Biphasic Cardioversions of XXXX : Efficacy and Predictors of Success.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Atrial Arrhythmias']


abstract: Correct diagnosis of @entity410 type and @entity302 is the foundation for appropriate antiepileptic drug selection. Inappropriate medication choices occur in the treatment of generalized @entity302 and may aggravate some @entity410 types, including @entity2048 , potentially leading to pseudo-drug resistance. Fortunately, a correct diagnosis of @entity2048 is usually not difficult, though rarely demonstrates electroclinical overlap with focal @entity410 . EEG can be especially misleading when secondary bilateral synchronous discharges occur in @entity1 with focal @entity410 . However, the semiology of focal @entity410 associated with mesial @entity1315 has a characteristic and consistent semiology that is the mark of this @entity302 in adulthood. We recently encountered a 53-year-old female with refractory @entity410 and a semiology strongly suggesting mesial @entity1315 . Instead of focal @entity410 , @entity2048 were validated by video-EEG monitoring and she became @entity410 -free after a change to broad-spectrum antiepileptic drugs. This case further expands our understanding of the complexity of semiology in electroclinical classification and the spectrum that may occur in adult @entity2048 . It serves to underscore the need for ictal EEG recordings and the importance of concordance with the clinical course during the pre-surgical evaluation of @entity1 with lesions and drug-resistant @entity302 . [Published with video sequences].

title: Adult absence semiology misinterpreted as mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['common epilepsy syndrome', 'epilepsy syndrome', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'prolonged absence seizures']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: Frozen-thawed boar sperm (FTS) has reduced fertility compared to liquid semen. Exogenous @entity3009 administered at insemination has been reported to improve cases of low fertility. This experiment tested the effect of number of FTS and addition of @entity3009 (PGF2a) on fertility. The experiment was performed in replicates using weaned sows (n=24) and synchronized gilts (n=94). All females were induced into estrus using @entity36162   at weaning or following estrus synchronization. At estrus, females received 0.5, 1.0, or 2 billion motile FTS (n=9 boars) with 0 or 5mg of PGF2a added into each AI dose at insemination. Inseminations occurred at 24 and 36h after onset of estrus and ovulation was monitored by ultrasound. Pregnancy and litter size were determined for sows at farrowing and d 50 of gestation for gilts at slaughter. There was no effect of PGF2a and no interaction with dose of FTS or parity on fertility (P>0.10). Pregnancy rate was affected by FTS dose (P<0.001) with 2.0*10(9) (76.3%) greater than 0.5*10(9) (46.2%) and 1.0*10(9) sperm (48.8  8.0%). Pregnancy rate was not affected by parity (P>0.10) but was influenced by boar (P<0.05). Number of fetuses was also affected by FTS dose (P<0.001) with 2.0*10(9) (10.1) and 1.0*10(9) (9.4) producing more @entity1707 than 0.5*10(9) sperm (6.9  0.9). Litter size was also affected by parity (P=0.001) and boar (P<0.01). These results indicate that AI using 2.0*10(9) FTS can result in acceptable pregnancy rates and litter sizes but with no measurable benefit for addition of @entity3009 .

title: The effect of numbers of frozen-thawed boar sperm and addition of prostaglandin F2a at insemination on fertility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study was performed on chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for @entity418 using involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) based on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography. The goal of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of the IFRT procedure in newly diagnosed @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were adults with newly diagnosed untreated, inoperable @entity418 in stages I-IV with lymph node @entity3 . @entity1 received @entity1814 80mg/m(2) per day on day 1, @entity1487 800mg/m(2) on days 1-4 intravenously repeated every 28days for 2-4 cycles, and combined IFRT. Elective nodal irradiation was not performed. Irradiation was applied only to the @entity5 and positive lymph nodes. RESULTS: From September 2009 to July 2012, of the 63 @entity1 enrolled, 58 were evaluable for response. The primary end point of isolated out-of-field loco-regional nodal recurrence was seen in only two @entity1 . The expectant rate was assumed to be less than 5%. The threshold value was set as 10% to calculate the number of registrations. Progression-free and overall survival rates at 36months were 47.7% and 51.1%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 34.6months, and overall survival was 38.4months. Salvage surgery was tried for 11 @entity1 (17.5%) due to residual or recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: The primary end point of the trial was demonstrated, indicating the efficacy of IFRT in the treatment of inoperable @entity418 mostly of @entity957 .

title: Involved-field irradiation concurrently combined with @entity1814 / @entity1487 for inoperable XXXX on basis of (18)FDG-PET scans: A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1814 :: ('MESH:C053989', 'Chemical') :: ['nedaplatin']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study was performed on chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for @entity418 using involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) based on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography. The goal of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of the IFRT procedure in newly diagnosed @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were adults with newly diagnosed untreated, inoperable @entity418 in stages I-IV with lymph node @entity3 . @entity1 received @entity1814 80mg/m(2) per day on day 1, @entity1487 800mg/m(2) on days 1-4 intravenously repeated every 28days for 2-4 cycles, and combined IFRT. Elective nodal irradiation was not performed. Irradiation was applied only to the @entity5 and positive lymph nodes. RESULTS: From September 2009 to July 2012, of the 63 @entity1 enrolled, 58 were evaluable for response. The primary end point of isolated out-of-field loco-regional nodal recurrence was seen in only two @entity1 . The expectant rate was assumed to be less than 5%. The threshold value was set as 10% to calculate the number of registrations. Progression-free and overall survival rates at 36months were 47.7% and 51.1%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 34.6months, and overall survival was 38.4months. Salvage surgery was tried for 11 @entity1 (17.5%) due to residual or recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: The primary end point of the trial was demonstrated, indicating the efficacy of IFRT in the treatment of inoperable @entity418 mostly of @entity957 .

title: Involved-field irradiation concurrently combined with XXXX / @entity1487 for inoperable @entity418 on basis of (18)FDG-PET scans: A phase II study.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1814 :: (MESH:C053989,Chemical) :: ['nedaplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study was performed on chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for @entity418 using involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) based on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography. The goal of this phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of the IFRT procedure in newly diagnosed @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were adults with newly diagnosed untreated, inoperable @entity418 in stages I-IV with lymph node @entity3 . @entity1 received @entity1814 80mg/m(2) per day on day 1, @entity1487 800mg/m(2) on days 1-4 intravenously repeated every 28days for 2-4 cycles, and combined IFRT. Elective nodal irradiation was not performed. Irradiation was applied only to the @entity5 and positive lymph nodes. RESULTS: From September 2009 to July 2012, of the 63 @entity1 enrolled, 58 were evaluable for response. The primary end point of isolated out-of-field loco-regional nodal recurrence was seen in only two @entity1 . The expectant rate was assumed to be less than 5%. The threshold value was set as 10% to calculate the number of registrations. Progression-free and overall survival rates at 36months were 47.7% and 51.1%, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 34.6months, and overall survival was 38.4months. Salvage surgery was tried for 11 @entity1 (17.5%) due to residual or recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: The primary end point of the trial was demonstrated, indicating the efficacy of IFRT in the treatment of inoperable @entity418 mostly of @entity957 .

title: Involved-field irradiation concurrently combined with @entity1814 / XXXX for inoperable @entity418 on basis of (18)FDG-PET scans: A phase II study.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative injection of Tc99 is standardly performed before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) for @entity0 . Multiple questions have arisen concerning appropriate technique for SLNBs including site of injection, timing and injection material. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between a new method, superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) and the Tc99 radiotracer to identify the SLN in early @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2013 and March 2014, 120 @entity1 with clinically node negative early @entity0 were included in the study. @entity1 were injected the day before the radiotracer for lymphoscintigraphy and injected the SPIO subareolar intraoperatively. SLN was excised if it was radioactive, magnetic or palpable. @entity1 signed an inform consent. RESULTS: There was no drainage by either technique in 2 @entity1 , so this leaves 118 @entity1 for further analysis. Detection rate by Tc 99 was successful in 113 (95.7%%) @entity1 and by SPIO in 116 (98.3%). Concordance rates per @entity1 between techniques was 98.2%. The SLN was positive in 36 (30%) @entity1 . Of this, SLN positivity was detected by both techniques in 32 @entity1 . Mean number of SLNs by 99Tc and SPIO were 1.9 and 2.21 respectively (p  =  0.001). DISCUSSION: Detection of SLNs with SPIO allows for easy identification of axillary nodes, at a frequency not inferior to the radiotracer. It is an oncologically safe procedure, facilitates @entity1 and operative room management and can be used to reliably identify SLNs in @entity0 .

title: The superparamagnetic @entity1933 is equivalent to the Tc99 radiotracer method for identifying the sentinel lymph node in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative injection of Tc99 is standardly performed before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) for @entity0 . Multiple questions have arisen concerning appropriate technique for SLNBs including site of injection, timing and injection material. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between a new method, superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) and the Tc99 radiotracer to identify the SLN in early @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2013 and March 2014, 120 @entity1 with clinically node negative early @entity0 were included in the study. @entity1 were injected the day before the radiotracer for lymphoscintigraphy and injected the SPIO subareolar intraoperatively. SLN was excised if it was radioactive, magnetic or palpable. @entity1 signed an inform consent. RESULTS: There was no drainage by either technique in 2 @entity1 , so this leaves 118 @entity1 for further analysis. Detection rate by Tc 99 was successful in 113 (95.7%%) @entity1 and by SPIO in 116 (98.3%). Concordance rates per @entity1 between techniques was 98.2%. The SLN was positive in 36 (30%) @entity1 . Of this, SLN positivity was detected by both techniques in 32 @entity1 . Mean number of SLNs by 99Tc and SPIO were 1.9 and 2.21 respectively (p  =  0.001). DISCUSSION: Detection of SLNs with SPIO allows for easy identification of axillary nodes, at a frequency not inferior to the radiotracer. It is an oncologically safe procedure, facilitates @entity1 and operative room management and can be used to reliably identify SLNs in @entity0 .

title: The superparamagnetic XXXX is equivalent to the Tc99 radiotracer method for identifying the sentinel lymph node in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuation or 'switch' maintenance therapy is commonly used in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the telomerase inhibitor, @entity15154 , as switch maintenance therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The primary end point of this open-label, randomized phase II study was progression-free survival (PFS). @entity1 with non-progressive, advanced @entity1149 after @entity902 -based doublet (first-line) chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab), any histology, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 were eligible. Randomization was 2 : 1 in favor of @entity15154 , administered at 9.4 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, or observation. Telomere length (TL) biomarker exploratory analysis was carried out in @entity5 tissue by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and telomerase fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Of 116 @entity1 enrolled, 114 were evaluable. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 were more frequent with @entity15154 . Median PFS was 2.8 and 2.6 months for @entity15154 -treated versus control [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.844; 95% CI 0.54-1.31; P = 0.446]. Median survival time favored @entity15154 (14.3 versus 11.5 months), although not significantly (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.41-1.12; P = 0.129). Exploratory analysis demonstrated a trend toward longer median PFS (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.14-1.3; P = 0.124) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; HR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.11-1.46; P = 0.155) in @entity15154 -treated @entity1 with short TL, but no improvement in median PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1 with long TL (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.39-1.88; and HR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.2-1.28; P = 0.145). CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance @entity15154 failed to improve PFS in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 responding to first-line therapy. There was a trend toward a improvement in median PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1 with short TL. Short TL as a predictive biomarker will require further investigation for the clinical development of @entity15154 .

title: A randomized phase II study of the telomerase inhibitor XXXX as maintenance therapy for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity15154 :: ('MESH:C519562', 'Chemical') :: ['imetelstat']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'advancd non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity15154 :: (MESH:C519562,Chemical) :: ['imetelstat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuation or 'switch' maintenance therapy is commonly used in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the telomerase inhibitor, @entity15154 , as switch maintenance therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The primary end point of this open-label, randomized phase II study was progression-free survival (PFS). @entity1 with non-progressive, advanced @entity1149 after @entity902 -based doublet (first-line) chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab), any histology, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 were eligible. Randomization was 2 : 1 in favor of @entity15154 , administered at 9.4 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle, or observation. Telomere length (TL) biomarker exploratory analysis was carried out in @entity5 tissue by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and telomerase fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Of 116 @entity1 enrolled, 114 were evaluable. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 and @entity882 were more frequent with @entity15154 . Median PFS was 2.8 and 2.6 months for @entity15154 -treated versus control [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.844; 95% CI 0.54-1.31; P = 0.446]. Median survival time favored @entity15154 (14.3 versus 11.5 months), although not significantly (HR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.41-1.12; P = 0.129). Exploratory analysis demonstrated a trend toward longer median PFS (HR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.14-1.3; P = 0.124) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; HR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.11-1.46; P = 0.155) in @entity15154 -treated @entity1 with short TL, but no improvement in median PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1 with long TL (HR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.39-1.88; and HR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.2-1.28; P = 0.145). CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance @entity15154 failed to improve PFS in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 responding to first-line therapy. There was a trend toward a improvement in median PFS and @entity1349 in @entity1 with short TL. Short TL as a predictive biomarker will require further investigation for the clinical development of @entity15154 .

title: A randomized phase II study of the telomerase inhibitor @entity15154 as maintenance therapy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: A comparison has been made of the recent changes in @entity301 mortality in Australia, the USA, and in the United Kingdom (England and Wales). Sharp declines in mortality dating from 1966 in Australia and from 1968 in the USA in both sexes contrast with a persistent increase in @entity1 in England and Wales until 1972 (after which a sight fall occurred) and a consistent slight fall in @entity1 since 1950. An investigation has been made of changes in 3 major risk factors- @entity101 , cigarette smoking and diet in the 3 countries in an attempt to determine to what extent such changes might correlate with the different patterns of mortality. There has been a progressive and similar fall in mortality due to @entity101 in both sexes in all 3 countries since 1950. There was a rise in cigarette smoking in all 3 countries from 1947 followed by a fall in the USA from 1963 and a more recent fall in @entity1 in Australia. There has been a levelling off of smoking in the United Kingdom in middle-aged and older @entity1 but not in @entity1 where smoking rates have increased from 1950 since when there has been a progressive slight fall in overall @entity301 mortality (although there is evidence of a recent rise in younger @entity1 .) Changes in dietary constituents (meat, eggs, milk and cheese, butter or margarine) have been examined by reference to aggregate consumption data. In Australia and the USA increases in vegetable fat consumption have occurred since 1950 with a reduction in animal fat in Australia but not in the USA. In the United Kingdom increases in vegetable fat have not been observed while there has been some increase in animal fat. It is concluded that the different patterns of @entity301 mortality in the 3 countries do correlate to some extent with changes in diet and cigarette smoking.

title: A comparison of trends of @entity301 mortality in Australia, USA and England and Wales with reference to three major risk factors- XXXX , cigarette smoking and diet.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A comparison has been made of the recent changes in @entity301 mortality in Australia, the USA, and in the United Kingdom (England and Wales). Sharp declines in mortality dating from 1966 in Australia and from 1968 in the USA in both sexes contrast with a persistent increase in @entity1 in England and Wales until 1972 (after which a sight fall occurred) and a consistent slight fall in @entity1 since 1950. An investigation has been made of changes in 3 major risk factors- @entity101 , cigarette smoking and diet in the 3 countries in an attempt to determine to what extent such changes might correlate with the different patterns of mortality. There has been a progressive and similar fall in mortality due to @entity101 in both sexes in all 3 countries since 1950. There was a rise in cigarette smoking in all 3 countries from 1947 followed by a fall in the USA from 1963 and a more recent fall in @entity1 in Australia. There has been a levelling off of smoking in the United Kingdom in middle-aged and older @entity1 but not in @entity1 where smoking rates have increased from 1950 since when there has been a progressive slight fall in overall @entity301 mortality (although there is evidence of a recent rise in younger @entity1 .) Changes in dietary constituents (meat, eggs, milk and cheese, butter or margarine) have been examined by reference to aggregate consumption data. In Australia and the USA increases in vegetable fat consumption have occurred since 1950 with a reduction in animal fat in Australia but not in the USA. In the United Kingdom increases in vegetable fat have not been observed while there has been some increase in animal fat. It is concluded that the different patterns of @entity301 mortality in the 3 countries do correlate to some extent with changes in diet and cigarette smoking.

title: A comparison of trends of XXXX mortality in Australia, USA and England and Wales with reference to three major risk factors- @entity101 , cigarette smoking and diet.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine cross-sectional imaging for staging of early-stage cutaneous @entity320 is not recommended. This study sought to investigate the use of imaging for staging of cutaneous @entity320 in the United States. METHODS: @entity1 with nonmetastatic cutaneous @entity320 newly diagnosed between 2000 and 2007 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results-Medicare registry. Any imaging study performed within 90  days after diagnosis was considered a staging study. RESULTS: The study identified 25,643 @entity1 , 3,116 (12.2  %) of whom underwent cross-sectional imaging: positron emission tomography (PET) (7.2  %), computed tomography (CT) (5.9  %), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (0.6  %). From 2000 to 2007, the use of cross-sectional imaging increased from 8.7 to 16.1  % (p  <  0.001), driven predominantly by increased usage of PET (4.2-12.1  %). Stratification by T and N classification showed that cross-sectional imaging was used for 8.6  % of T1, 14.3  % of T2, 18.6  % of T3, and 26.7  % of T4 @entity5 (p  <  0.001) and for 33.3  % of node-positive @entity1 versus 11.1  % of node-negative @entity1 (p  <  0.001). Factors predictive of cross-sectional imaging included T classification [odds ratio (OR) for T4 vs T1, 2.66; 95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.33-3.03], node positivity (OR 2.70; 95  % CI 2.36-3.10), more recent year of diagnosis (OR 2.05 for 2007 vs 2000; 95  % CI 1.74-2.42), atypical histology, and non-Caucasian race (OR 1.32; 95  % CI 1.02-1.73). CONCLUSIONS: The use of cross-sectional imaging for staging of early-stage cutaneous @entity320 is increasing in the Medicare population. Better dissemination of guidelines and judicious use of imaging should be encouraged.

title: Staging Studies for XXXX in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need for validated risk models to better stratify surgical site occurrences (SSO) following open @entity4037 (OVHR). The addition of more generalizable and validated risk models will serve to improve perioperative care in OVHR @entity1 . METHODS: We reviewed the 2005-2011 ACS-NSQIP databases identifying encounters for OVHR. The dependent outcome measure of interest was SSO, defined as superficial surgical site infection, @entity281 , or wound dehiscence. Multivariate logistic regression of independently associated factors was performed and internally validated using a bootstrap technique. A composite risk score, the Hernia Wound Risk Assessment Tool (HW- @entity35 ) was created using weighted beta coefficients. The HW- @entity35 was compared to existing models from the literature. RESULTS: A total of 60,187 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria were identified in the 2005-2011 ACS-NSQIP databases. The incidence of SSO in the study was 6.2  % (N  =  3,732). SSO risk factors were broken down based on rounded risk scores into the following groups: mild, intermediate, moderate, and severe risk. Severe risk factors related to operative time and degree of wound contamination. Moderate risk factors included @entity28 , component separation, dependent functional status, and inpatient @entity547 surgery. @entity1 stratification was performed based on total risk score into HW- @entity35 risk groups 1 through 5 which demonstrated significant discrimination between and across each group (P  <  0.01, C-statistic  =  0.71) with an incidence of SSO that ranged from 3.3 to 26.5  %. CONCLUSION: We present an internally validated risk model of SSO in OVHR (HW- @entity35 ), which complements and builds upon current risk models. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/risk category, level II.

title: Wound risk assessment in XXXX : generation and internal validation of  a risk stratification system using the ACS-NSQIP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['class III obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection, organ space infection']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia repair']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olive cultivation blends with the history of the Mediterranean countries since ancient times. Even today, activities around the olive tree constitute major engagements of several @entity1 in the countryside of both sides of the Mediterranean basin. The @entity25146 is, beyond doubt, the most destructive pest of cultivated olives. The female @entity238 leaves its eggs in the olive fruit. Upon emergence, the larvae feed on the olive sap, thus destroying the fruit. If untreated, practically all olives get infected. The use of chemical insecticides constitutes the principal @entity25146 control approach. The @entity249 ( @entity249 ), an environmentally friendly alternative control method, had been tried in pilot field applications in the 1970's, albeit with no practical success. This was mainly attributed to the low, non-antagonistic quality of the mixed-sex released insects. Many years of experience from successful @entity249 applications in related species, primarily the @entity19428 , @entity19428 , demonstrated that efficient @entity249 protocols require the availability of fundamental genetic and molecular information. RESULTS: Among the primary systems whose understanding can contribute towards novel @entity249 approaches (or its recently developed alternative RIDL: Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) is the reproductive, since the ability to manipulate the reproductive system would directly affect the insect's fertility. In addition, the analysis of early embryonic promoters and apoptotic genes would provide tools that confer dominant early- @entity2085 during mass-rearing. Here we report the identification of several genes involved in these systems through whole transcriptome analysis of female accessory glands (FAGs) and spermathecae, as well as male testes. Indeed, analysis of differentially expressed genes in these tissues revealed higher metabolic activity in testes than in FAGs/spermathecae. Furthermore, at least five olfactory-related genes were shown to be differentially expressed in the female and male reproductive systems analyzed. Finally, the expression profile of the embryonic serendipity-a locus and the pre-apoptotic head involution defective gene were analyzed during embryonic developmental stages. CONCLUSIONS: Several years of molecular studies on the @entity25146 can now be combined with new information from whole transcriptome analyses and lead to a deep understanding of the biology of this notorious insect pest. This is a prerequisite for the development of novel @entity2085 female sexing strains for successful @entity249 efforts which, combined with improved mass-reared conditions, give new hope for efficient @entity249 applications for the @entity25146 .

title: The molecular biology of the XXXX comes of age.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['SIT', 'Sterile Insect Technique']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

entities_list: @entity19428 :: ('7213', 'Species') :: ['Ceratitis capitata', 'Mediterranean fruit fly']

answer: @entity25146 :: (104688,Species) :: ['olive fly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The constituents of stable multiprotein complexes are known to dissociate from the complex to play independent regulatory roles. The components of translation elongation complex eEF1H ( @entity14624 , eEF1Ba, eEF1Bb, eEF1By) were found overexpressed in different @entity5 . To gain the knowledge about novel @entity5 -related translational mechanisms we intended to reveal whether eEF1H exists as a single unit or independent subunits in different @entity1 @entity5 . METHODS: The changes in the expression level of every subunit of eEF1H in the @entity1 @entity1149 tissues were examined. The localization of eEF1H subunits was assessed by immunohistochemistry methods, subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy. The possibility of the interaction between the subunits was estimated by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: The level of eEF1Bb expression was increased more than two-fold in 36%, @entity14624 By in 28%, @entity14624 in 20% and @entity14624 Ba in 8% of @entity5 specimens. The @entity5 -induced alterations in the subunits level were found to be uncoordinated, therefore the increase in the level of at least one subunit of eEF1H was observed in 52% of samples. Nuclear localization of eEF1Bb in the @entity5 rather than distal normal looking tissues was found. In @entity5 tissue, @entity14624 and eEF1Ba were not found in nuclei while all four subunits of @entity14624 H demonstrated both cytoplasmic and nuclear appearance in the @entity2 cell line A549. Unexpectedly, in the A549 nuclear fraction @entity14624 lost the ability to interact with the @entity1093 complex. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest independent functioning of some fraction of the eEF1H subunits in @entity1 @entity5 . The absence of @entity14624 and @entity1093 interplay in nuclei of A549 cells is a first evidence for non-translational role of nuclear-localized subunits of @entity1093 . We conclude the appearance of the individual @entity1093 subunits in @entity5 is a more general phenomenon than appreciated before and thus is a novel signal of @entity5 -related changes in translation apparatus.

title: Independent overexpression of the subunits of translation elongation factor complex eEF1H in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The constituents of stable multiprotein complexes are known to dissociate from the complex to play independent regulatory roles. The components of translation elongation complex eEF1H ( @entity14624 , eEF1Ba, eEF1Bb, eEF1By) were found overexpressed in different @entity5 . To gain the knowledge about novel @entity5 -related translational mechanisms we intended to reveal whether eEF1H exists as a single unit or independent subunits in different @entity1 @entity5 . METHODS: The changes in the expression level of every subunit of eEF1H in the @entity1 @entity1149 tissues were examined. The localization of eEF1H subunits was assessed by immunohistochemistry methods, subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy. The possibility of the interaction between the subunits was estimated by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: The level of eEF1Bb expression was increased more than two-fold in 36%, @entity14624 By in 28%, @entity14624 in 20% and @entity14624 Ba in 8% of @entity5 specimens. The @entity5 -induced alterations in the subunits level were found to be uncoordinated, therefore the increase in the level of at least one subunit of eEF1H was observed in 52% of samples. Nuclear localization of eEF1Bb in the @entity5 rather than distal normal looking tissues was found. In @entity5 tissue, @entity14624 and eEF1Ba were not found in nuclei while all four subunits of @entity14624 H demonstrated both cytoplasmic and nuclear appearance in the @entity2 cell line A549. Unexpectedly, in the A549 nuclear fraction @entity14624 lost the ability to interact with the @entity1093 complex. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest independent functioning of some fraction of the eEF1H subunits in @entity1 @entity5 . The absence of @entity14624 and @entity1093 interplay in nuclei of A549 cells is a first evidence for non-translational role of nuclear-localized subunits of @entity1093 . We conclude the appearance of the individual @entity1093 subunits in @entity5 is a more general phenomenon than appreciated before and thus is a novel signal of @entity5 -related changes in translation apparatus.

title: Independent overexpression of the subunits of translation elongation factor complex eEF1H in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transsphincteric fistulotomy is associated with a variable degree of @entity1241 . @entity31084 ( @entity31084 ), a novel surgical procedure with the advantage of avoiding anal @entity322 , has a variable success rate of 57-94%. We evaluated a modified approach from it. Our aim was to review the preliminary results using this technique for high transsphincteric @entity292 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of high transsphincteric @entity292 @entity1 who underwent the modified @entity31084 (mLIFT) procedure was performed. The surgical technique involved making a lateral incision from external opening to intersphincteric groove; ligation of the @entity292 tract within the intersphincteric space; and complete excision of the distal part of @entity292 from external opening to external sphincter. The @entity1 were followed for healing time, recurrence, fecal continence disturbance, and any other associated morbidity. RESULTS: Over a 2-year period, 43 @entity1 with high @entity9292 were treated by mLIFT technique. Four @entity1 were lost at follow-up. In a mean follow-up of 15 months, 34/39 (87.2%) of the @entity1 achieved primary or secondary healing. Five @entity1 had persistent symptoms and required further surgical treatment. The second procedures were successful, and finally resulting in an overall healing rate of 100%. The Wexner @entity322 scale was 0 (0-20) both before and at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The mLIFT procedure for high transsphincteric @entity292 appeared to effectively preserve continence and achieved a comparable success rate to other sphincter-preserving techniques.

title: Early experience with the modificated approach of ligation of the intersphincteric XXXX tract for high transsphincteric @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity31084 :: ('MESH:D016156', 'Disease') :: ['LIFT', 'Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['transsphincteric anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transsphincteric fistulotomy is associated with a variable degree of @entity1241 . @entity31084 ( @entity31084 ), a novel surgical procedure with the advantage of avoiding anal @entity322 , has a variable success rate of 57-94%. We evaluated a modified approach from it. Our aim was to review the preliminary results using this technique for high transsphincteric @entity292 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of high transsphincteric @entity292 @entity1 who underwent the modified @entity31084 (mLIFT) procedure was performed. The surgical technique involved making a lateral incision from external opening to intersphincteric groove; ligation of the @entity292 tract within the intersphincteric space; and complete excision of the distal part of @entity292 from external opening to external sphincter. The @entity1 were followed for healing time, recurrence, fecal continence disturbance, and any other associated morbidity. RESULTS: Over a 2-year period, 43 @entity1 with high @entity9292 were treated by mLIFT technique. Four @entity1 were lost at follow-up. In a mean follow-up of 15 months, 34/39 (87.2%) of the @entity1 achieved primary or secondary healing. Five @entity1 had persistent symptoms and required further surgical treatment. The second procedures were successful, and finally resulting in an overall healing rate of 100%. The Wexner @entity322 scale was 0 (0-20) both before and at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The mLIFT procedure for high transsphincteric @entity292 appeared to effectively preserve continence and achieved a comparable success rate to other sphincter-preserving techniques.

title: Early experience with the modificated approach of ligation of the intersphincteric @entity292 tract for high transsphincteric XXXX .

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The control of vector-borne diseases is important to improve @entity1 and @entity4409 worldwide. @entity311 is one of the world's @entity66 and is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus @entity2637 , which are transmitted by Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. Recent evidences using Subolesin (SUB) and Akirin (AKR) vaccines showed a reduction in the survival and/or fertility of blood-sucking ectoparasite vectors and the @entity281 with vector-borne pathogens. These experiments suggested the possibility of using AKR for @entity311 control. METHODS: The role of AKR on @entity2637 @entity281 and on the fitness and reproduction of the main @entity311 vector, @entity313 was characterized by evaluating the effect of akr gene knockdown or vaccination with recombinant mosquito AKR on parasite @entity281 levels, fertility and mortality of female mosquitoes. RESULTS: Gene knockdown by RNA interference in mosquitoes suggested a role for akr in mosquito survival and fertility. Vaccination with recombinant @entity197 AKR reduced parasite @entity281 in mosquitoes fed on immunized @entity19 when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that recombinant AKR could be used to develop vaccines for @entity311 control. If effective, AKR-based vaccines could be used to immunize wildlife reservoir hosts and/or @entity1 to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. However, these vaccines need to be evaluated under field conditions to characterize their effect on vector populations and pathogen @entity281 and transmission.

title: Mosquito Akirin as a potential antigen for XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadliest diseases']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our experience performing endovascular repair of @entity1028 in kidney transplanted @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 who underwent @entity439 repair (EVAR) for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) performed at our institution from 2007 to 2014. We identified all @entity1 who had previously undergone a kidney transplant. Data collected included: comorbidities, preoperative imaging modalities, indication for surgery, stent graft configurations, pre- and @entity8 , and survival rates. RESULTS: A total of 267 EVARs were performed. Six (2  %) had a transplanted kidney. Mean age was 74 (range, 64-82) years; five were males. Mean time from transplantation to EVAR was 7.5 (range, 2-12) years. Five underwent preoperative planning with noncontrast modalities only. Devices used included bifurcated (n  =  3), aortouniiliac (n  =  2), and tube (n  =  1) stent grafts. Technical success was achieved in all @entity1 . None experienced deterioration in renal function. Median follow-up was 39 (range, 6-51) months. Four @entity1 were alive at the time of the study. Two @entity1 expired during the period of follow-up from unrelated causes. CONCLUSIONS: EVAR is an effective modality for the management of AAAs in the coexistence of a transplanted kidney. It can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality without harming the transplanted kidney. Special consideration should be given to device configuration to minimize damage to the renal graft.

title: Endovascular Repair of XXXX in the Presence of a Transplanted Kidney.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal function, perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Drug-coated balloons (DCB) have shown promise in improving outcomes for @entity1 with @entity3657 . We compared a paclitaxel-coated balloon with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of symptomatic superficial femoral and/or popliteal @entity455 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -The IN. @entity15649 SFA Trial is a prospective, multicentre, single-blinded, randomized trial in which 331 @entity1 with @entity613 or @entity63 @entity158 due to superficial femoral and/or popliteal @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to treatment with DCB or PTA. The primary efficacy endpoint was primary patency, defined as freedom from restenosis or clinically-driven @entity75 revascularization at 12 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Mean lesion length and percent of total occlusions for the DCB and PTA arms were 8.94  4.89 and 8.81  5.12 cm (P=.82) and 25.8% and 19.5% (P=.22), respectively. DCB resulted in higher primary patency vs. PTA (82.2% vs. 52.4%; P<.001). The rate of clinically-driven @entity75 revascularization was 2.4% in the DCB arm compared with 20.6% in the PTA arm (P<.001). There was a low rate of vessel @entity715 in both arms (1.4% after DCB and 3.7% after PTA (P=.10)). There were no device- or procedure-related @entity204 and no major amputations. CONCLUSIONS: -In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, DCB was superior to PTA and had a favorable safety profile for the treatment of @entity1 with symptomatic femoropopliteal @entity3657 . Clinical Trial Registration Information-ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifiers: NCT01175850 and NCT01566461.

title: Drug-Coated Balloon versus Standard Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for the Treatment of Superficial Femoral and/or Popliteal Peripheral Artery Disease: 12-Month Results from the IN. XXXX SFA Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity15649 :: (5930,Gene) :: ['PACT']


abstract: To investigate the effect of Jiawei Foshou San and its various combined administration on hepatic P450 enzyme activity and hepatocyte morphology in @entity35 . @entity35 were orally administered with drugs for four weeks and then sacrificed to prepare liver microsomes. The liver microsomes were incubated with the cocktail method; The metabolites were determined with the rapid liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the hepatocyte P450 enzyme activity. In addition, the hepatic pathological changes were observed by using the @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE) staining. Compared with the control group, the enzyme activity of @entity7771 and CYP3A4 in the Jiawei Foshou san group showed a significant rise (P < 0.05); the enzyme activity of @entity7771 , CYP2C9, @entity22934 , @entity11920 and CYP3A4 in the @entity28233 + @entity19316 group and the @entity19316 + @entity23943 group showed a significant rise (P < 0.05) ; the enzyme activity of @entity7771 , @entity22934 and @entity11920 in the @entity19316 group showed a significant rise (P < 0.05); the enzyme activity of CYP3A4 in the @entity28233 group showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05). After the administration with various drugs, the hepatocyte morphologies in the @entity28233 group and the @entity19316 group were normal. The pathological changes were observed in the @entity23943 group, such as unclear boundary of hepatic lobules, disordered hepatic cell arrangement, blurred edge, anisokaryosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The @entity28233 + @entity23943 group, the @entity19316 + @entity23943 group and the Jiawei Foshou San group also showed inflammatory infiltration, but with less pathological changes, particularly the Jiawei Foshou San group. The study result shows that Jiawei Foshou San can induce the enzyme activity of @entity7771 and CYP3A4, and @entity19316 may be the effective substance for inducing @entity7771 . Its combination with @entity28233 and @entity19316 can significantly reduce the liver @entity137 of @entity23943 .

title: [Effect of Jiawei Foshou San and its compatibility on hepatic P450 enzyme activity and hepatocyte morphology in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28233 :: ('MESH:C004999', 'Chemical') :: ['ferulic acid']

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['ligustrazine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity23943 :: ('MESH:C014215', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydropalmatine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To estimate the incidence of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in Moscow adults and to evaluate the efficiency of their treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on Moscow residents who were first diagnosed with @entity3052 in 2010 were retrospectively collected. The efficiency of their treatment was evaluated from the rates of complete remissions (CR), recurrences, @entity204 , and 4-year overall (OS) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). The data as of September 1, 2013, were analyzed. RESULTS: According to the 2010 pooled materials of the city's municipal hematology departments, @entity3052 (non-M3 types) was diagnosed in 286 @entity1 whose median age at diagnosis was 64.9 years (range, 18.2-92.0 years). The notified incidence rate was 2.9 (3.3 for @entity1 and 2.6 for @entity1 ) cases per 100,000 population. 118 (41%) @entity1 received @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ); 119 (42%) had chemotherapy with low-dose @entity2592 (LDC); 7 (2%) had that with hypomethylating agents (HA); and 42 (15%) had palliative therapy (PT). During first-line therapy, none of the @entity1 underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In the entire group, the early (within the first 60 days) mortality rates were 42% (119 @entity204 ); that of @entity1 with primary refractory disease was 32% (90 @entity204 ). CR was achieved in 77 (27%) @entity1 : 57 (48%) on @entity7730 , 17 (14%) on LDC, and 3 (43%) on HA. Recurrences occurred in 37 (48%) of the 77 @entity1 who had achieved CR at a median follow-up of 43.9 months. Four-year OS in all the @entity1 receiving PT was 9.8  1.9% (18.2  3.9% in the @entity1 on @entity7730 versus 4.5  2% in those of LDC; p=0.028); 4-year @entity4557 was 36.1  5.7% (39.6  6.7% inthe @entity1 on @entity7730 versus 31.3  11 .6% in those on LDC; p=0.8). CONCLUSION: High mortality rates in the induction, which are caused by the limited resources of accompanying therapy, poor sanitary conditions, and no own opportunities to perform allo-HSCT, remain a key problem of @entity3052 therapy in adults.

title: [Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of XXXX in adults according to the data of municipal hematology departments in Moscow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse-free survival', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemias', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['ICT', 'intensive chemotherapy']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When a hospitalized older @entity1 falls or develops @entity933 , there are significant consequences for the @entity1 and the health care system. Assessments of inattention and @entity1662 , markers for @entity933 , were analyzed to determine if they were also associated with falls. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study from a regional tertiary Veterans Affairs referral center identified falls and @entity933 risk factors from quality databases from 2010 to 2012. Older fallers with complete @entity933 risk assessments prior to falling were identified. As a control, non-fallers were matched at a 3:1 ratio. Admission risk factors that were compared in fallers and non-fallers included @entity1662 , cognitive performance, @entity71 , and @entity2700 . Odds ratio (OR) was reported (95% confidence interval [CI]). RESULTS: After identifying 67 fallers, the control population (n=201) was matched on age (74.4  9.8 years) and ward (83.6% medical; 16.4% intensive care unit). Inattention as assessed by the Months of the Year Backward test was more common in fallers (67.2% versus 50.8%, OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7). Fallers tended to have @entity1662 prior to falling (28.4% versus 12.4%, OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-5.8). CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, alterations in @entity1662 and inattention, assessed prior to falling, were more common in @entity1 who fell. Brief assessments of @entity1662 and attention should be considered for inclusion in fall prediction.

title: XXXX markers in older fallers: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention, sensory deficits']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness', 'consciousness']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: Physical exercise interventions and cognitive training programs have individually been reported to improve cognition in the healthy elderly population; however, the clinical significance of using a combined approach is currently lacking. This study evaluated whether physical activity (PA), computerized cognitive training and/or a combination of both could improve cognition. In this nonrandomized study, 224 healthy community-dwelling older adults (60-85 years) were assigned to 16 weeks home-based PA (n=64), computerized cognitive stimulation (n=62), a combination of both (combined, n=51) or a control group (n=47). Cognition was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the CogState computerized battery at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks post intervention. Physical fitness assessments were performed at all time points. A subset (total n=45) of @entity1 underwent @entity419 positron emission tomography scans at 16 weeks (post-intervention). One hundred and ninety-one @entity1 completed the study and the data of 172 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, the combined group showed improved verbal episodic memory and significantly higher brain @entity413 metabolism in the left sensorimotor cortex after controlling for age, sex, premorbid IQ, @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) status and history of @entity542 . The higher cerebral @entity413 metabolism in this brain region was positively associated with improved verbal memory seen in the combined group only. Our study provides evidence that a specific combination of physical and mental exercises for 16 weeks can improve cognition and increase cerebral @entity413 metabolism in cognitively intact healthy older adults.

title: A combination of physical activity and computerized brain training improves verbal memory and increases cerebral XXXX metabolism in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']