abstract: BACKGROUND: Among retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors are unique in that they transduce genes into both dividing and nondividing cells. However, their ability to provide sustained myocardial transgene expression has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Multiply attenuated, self-inactivating lentivectors based on @entity2858 contained the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene under the transcriptional control of either the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) immediate-early enhancer/promoter, the elongation factor-1alpha ( @entity9221 ) promoter, or the phosphoglycerate-kinase (PGK) promoter. Lentivectors transduced adult @entity35 cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner (transduction rates, >90%; multiplicity of infection, approximately 5). The @entity2834 promoter achieved higher EGFP expression levels than the @entity9221 and PGK promoters. Insertion of the central polypurine tract pol sequence improved gene transfer efficiency by approximately 2-fold. In vivo gene transfer kinetics was studied by measuring the copy number of integrated lentivirus DNA and EGFP concentrations in cardiac extracts by real-time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, respectively. With @entity2834 promoter-containing lentivectors, vector DNA peaked at day 3, declined by approximately 4-fold at day 14, but then remained stable up to week 10. Similarly, EGFP expression peaked at day 7, decreased by approximately 7-fold at day 14, but was essentially stable thereafter. In contrast, vector DNA and EGFP expression declined rapidly with @entity9221 promoter-containing lentivectors. Peak EGFP expression with titer-matched adenovectors was approximately 35% higher than with @entity2834 lentivectors but was lost rapidly over time. CONCLUSIONS: Lentivectors efficiently transduce and express genes for extended periods of time in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Lentivectors provide a useful tool for studying myocardial biology and a potential system for gene heart therapy.

title: Multiply attenuated, self-inactivating lentiviral vectors efficiently deliver and express genes for extended periods of time in adult XXXX cardiomyocytes in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['human immunodeficiency virus-1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We previously reported that @entity8385 could directly enhance @entity5271 -mediated osteoclast differentiation by increasing the size and number of osteoclasts. Similarly, genetic deletion of the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation ( @entity65349 ) in @entity19 , resulted in an enhancement of osteoclast formation, activity and @entity2331 . This was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated Smad (pSmad) 1/5/8 in @entity65349 (-/-) osteoclasts in vitro. The purpose of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector overexpressing @entity65349 as a means of inhibiting osteoclast activity. We demonstrate that overexpressing @entity65349 in primary osteoclasts decreased the size and number of multinuclear TRAP-positive osteoclasts, expression of osteoclast genes, and resorption ability. Overexpression of @entity65349 did not affect osteoclast proliferation or apoptosis. However, overexpression of @entity65349 decreased the levels of pSmad 1/5/8 in osteoclasts. Addition of exogenous @entity8385 to osteoclasts overexpressing @entity65349 rescued the size and levels of pSmad 1/5/8 compared to cultures infected with a control virus. Finally, @entity65349 overexpression in osteoclasts isolated from the @entity65349 (-/-) @entity19 rescued size of the osteoclasts while further addition of exogenous @entity8385 reversed the effect of @entity65349 overexpression and increased the size of the osteoclasts similar to control virus infected cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that overexpressing @entity65349 in osteoclasts via an adenoviral vector results in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and may provide a potential therapy for inhibiting osteoclast activity in a localized manner.

title: XXXX signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the BMP antagonist, twisted gastrulation.

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity8385 :: (12156(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bone morphogenetic protein 2']


abstract: The autonomic innervation of the heart has been studied in 32 young @entity1 with @entity1723 and 28 controls by measuring the intervals PP of electrocardiograms at rest, deep breathing, stimulation of n. vagus according to Ashner method and after suppression of vagus tone by @entity3897 . The orthostatic test was performed. The @entity1 with @entity6 were established to have a higher heart rate and less manifested variations of the intervals PP at rest. During deep breathing, the @entity1 with @entity6 also showed a poorer variability of the intervals PP as compared with the controls. The reactions, however, in both groups with Ashner test and orthostatic test, were similar. Asymptomatic @entity9765 was recorded in a @entity1 with @entity6 by the method of Ashner. The study revealed that the autonomic innervation of the heart was oft disturbed in case of @entity6 . There was a correlation between the severity of that disorder and @entity6 duration, @entity3949 established in all cases. The other manifestations of @entity3949 are more rare and later observed. The disturbed autonomic innervation of heart activity could be responsible, in some cases, for the @entity1164 among the @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: [Autonomic innervation of the heart of young @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9765 :: ('MESH:D012848', 'Disease') :: ['sinoatrial block']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy', 'diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes']


abstract: The autonomic innervation of the heart has been studied in 32 young @entity1 with @entity1723 and 28 controls by measuring the intervals PP of electrocardiograms at rest, deep breathing, stimulation of n. vagus according to Ashner method and after suppression of vagus tone by @entity3897 . The orthostatic test was performed. The @entity1 with @entity6 were established to have a higher heart rate and less manifested variations of the intervals PP at rest. During deep breathing, the @entity1 with @entity6 also showed a poorer variability of the intervals PP as compared with the controls. The reactions, however, in both groups with Ashner test and orthostatic test, were similar. Asymptomatic @entity9765 was recorded in a @entity1 with @entity6 by the method of Ashner. The study revealed that the autonomic innervation of the heart was oft disturbed in case of @entity6 . There was a correlation between the severity of that disorder and @entity6 duration, @entity3949 established in all cases. The other manifestations of @entity3949 are more rare and later observed. The disturbed autonomic innervation of heart activity could be responsible, in some cases, for the @entity1164 among the @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: [Autonomic innervation of the heart of young XXXX with @entity1723 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Temporary clipping in @entity439 surgery has been used more frequently in last years to increase the efficacy and safety of the neck dissection and obliteration. Experimental studies have shown that neuroprotection using @entity101 and @entity2656 administration diminishes the risk of @entity63 during this procedure. However, recent studies show that this method has to be used with caution. METHODS: In 85 @entity439 we used temporary vessel occlusion with neuroprotection described above in 17 @entity1 (20%), ranging from 2 to 35 minutes (mean 9 minutes). The indication was peroperative @entity397 (3 cases), @entity135 (13 cases) and a @entity439 (1 case). RESULTS: Forteen of these @entity1 had a good result, one was severely disabled, the other 2 died. One of them had a large temporal @entity1410 and was HH=V before the operation, the other one had a premature peroperative @entity1756 . Shorter occlusion times were used in @entity1 with a good outcome, in @entity1 with elective use of the clip and in @entity1 with no new @entity63 on the postoperative CT scan (t-test, p<0.05). The postoperative @entity1188 rate was similar in the group of @entity1 with (17%) and without temporary clipping (15%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that temporary clipping in @entity439 surgery is a relatively safe procedure which facilitates the @entity439 neck dissection and enables neck obliteration in difficult cases. Better results are achieved with short duration of occlusion. (Fig. 4, Ref. 13.).

title: The benefit of a temporary vessel occlusion in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['difficult neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1875 has recently been reported to be a safe sedative for endoscopy. METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 more than 18 years of age undergoing an endoscopic procedure were included in the study. The risk of sedation was calculated using the American Society of Anesthesiology risk class. Pregnant @entity1 , @entity1 opting to undergo endoscopy without sedation, and those allergic to any sedative, eggs or soyabeans were excluded. A trained nurse administered @entity1875 under the supervision of an anesthesiologist. Vital parameters, including @entity26 saturation, were measured before and during the procedure. Time taken for full sedation, quantity of @entity1875 used, duration of the procedure, time taken for recovery from sedation, and any complication during or after anesthesia were recorded. The @entity1 scored quality of sedation, perception of @entity158 and any memory of the procedure. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were in ASA risk class I and II and the remaining 16 were in a higher ASA risk class. There was no difference in vital sign measurements during the endoscopic procedures as compared to baseline values. None of the @entity1 had any complication. More than 90% of @entity1 did not report any @entity158 and had complete @entity2730 for the procedure. CONCLUSION: @entity1875 is a safe and effective sedative for endoscopic procedures.

title: XXXX --a safe and effective sedative for endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['Propofol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increased extravascular lung water (EVLW) may contribute to @entity1576 in neonates. Accurate measurement of EVLW in these @entity1 is limited due to the lack of bedside methods. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the reliability of the transpulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) technique as a possible method for estimating EVLW in a neonatal animal model. @entity3126 was induced in 11 @entity742 by repeated surfactant lavages. In between the lavages, EVLW indexed by bodyweight was estimated by TPUD (EVLWItpud) and transpulmonary dye dilution (EVLWItpdd) (n  =  22). Final EVLWItpud measurements were also compared with EVLWI estimations by gold standard post mortem gravimetry (EVLWIgrav) (n  =  6). EVLWI was also measured in two additional @entity742 without @entity3126 . Bland-Altman plots showed a mean bias between EVLWItpud and EVLWItpdd of -3.4  mL/kg (LOA      25.8  mL/kg) and between EVLWItpud and EVLWIgrav of 1.7  mL/kg (LOA      8.3  mL/kg). The percentage errors were 109 and 43  % respectively. The correlation between changes in EVLW measured by TPUD and TPDD was r(2)  =  0.22. Agreement between EVLWI measurements by TPUD and TPDD was low. Trending ability to detect changes between these two methods in EVLWI was questionable. The accuracy of EVLWItpud was good compared to the gold standard gravimetric method but the TPUD lacked precision in its current prototype. Based on these limited data, we believe that TPUD has potential for future use to estimate EVLW after adaptation of the algorithm. Larger studies are needed to support our findings.

title: Estimation of extravascular lung water using the transpulmonary ultrasound dilution (TPUD) method: a validation study in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema', 'Pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The independent link between @entity432 and CKD remains unknown. We investigated the association of indicators of @entity432 with @entity8 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: We studied 3666 @entity1 (mean age =65 years old; 58% @entity1 ) from the Rotterdam Study. Pulse pressure (PP), carotid stiffness, and pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) were measured. We created genetic risk scores for PP and @entity122 . @entity8 and incident CKD were assessed using @entity470 . To put our findings in context of the literature, we performed a meta-analysis of the available population-based studies. RESULTS: After a median (interquartile range) follow-up time of 11 (10.7-11.3) years, 601 @entity1 with incident CKD were recognized. In the model adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and baseline GFR, each SD higher PP was associated with 0.15-ml/min per 1.73 m(2) steeper annual @entity470 decline (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.10 to 0.20) and 11% higher risk of incident CKD (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.18). Each SD greater carotid stiffness was associated with 0.08-ml/min per 1.73 m(2) steeper annual @entity470 decline (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.13) and 13% higher risk of incident CKD (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.22). Each SD higher @entity122 was associated with 7% higher risk of incident CKD (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14). Incorporating our findings in a meta-analysis, each SD higher PP and @entity122 were associated with 16% (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21) and 8% (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14) higher risks of incident CKD. Each SD higher PP genetic risk score was associated with 0.06-ml/min per 1.73 m(2) steeper annual @entity470 decline (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.10) and 8% higher risk of incident CKD (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14). There was no association between @entity122 genetic risk score and kidney function decline. CONCLUSIONS: Higher indices of @entity432 are associated with steeper @entity8 . This suggests that @entity455 could be considered as a target for delaying @entity8 .

title: Arterial Stiffness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decline in kidney function', 'Annual declines in kidney function']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Decline in Kidney Function']


abstract: Messenger RNA levels of @entity35 @entity15822 ( @entity15822 ; @entity15822 ) and @entity72484 ( @entity72484 ) in kidney and @entity15823 ( @entity15823 ) in liver are gender-predominant. @entity15822 and @entity15823 are male-predominant, whereas @entity72484 is female-predominant. Gonadectomized and hypophysectomized (HX) @entity35 were studied to determine whether sex @entity230 and/or @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) are responsible for these gender-divergent patterns. @entity11249 was administered to HX @entity35 by two daily injections (simulating male secretion) or continuous infusion (simulating female secretion). @entity15822 mRNA levels, normally higher in male than female kidney, were lowered by gonadectomy and HX in male @entity35 , but not in females. Additionally, @entity11249 injections or infusion did not alter @entity15822 levels in HX @entity35 . @entity72484 mRNA levels, typically much higher in female than in male kidney, were unaffected by gonadectomy. However, HX dramatically decreased @entity72484 in female kidney without altering male levels. @entity11249 administered by continuous infusion increased @entity72484 in kidneys of both HX male and female @entity35 , whereas injections had no affect. Gonadectomy reduced @entity15823 mRNA levels in male livers without affecting levels in female livers. In contrast, HX decreased male and elevated female @entity15823 mRNA. @entity11249 injections did not significantly change @entity15823 mRNA levels in HX @entity35 , but infusion decreased @entity15823 mRNA in liver. In conclusion, @entity3800 , but not @entity11249 , are responsible for the @entity15822 mRNA gender difference in kidney; the female @entity11249 secretion pattern is responsible for the @entity72484 mRNA gender difference in kidney; and both @entity3800 and the female @entity11249 secretion pattern are responsible for the @entity15823 mRNA gender difference in liver.

title: Endocrine regulation of XXXX organic anion transporters.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the imaging findings of a series of myxoinflammatory @entity242 (MFSs) from our institution, including a case of dedifferentiated @entity1614 and two cases with areas of high-grade @entity5 , in addition to typical cases of low-grade @entity5 . To correlate the imaging findings with the pathologic features of these @entity5 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: IRB approval was obtained. Retrospective search of the pathology database at our institution from 2000 to 2015 identified seven cases of @entity1614 with available imaging. Imaging, pathology, and clinical data were reviewed. RESULTS: Unlike the majority of well-differentiated @entity5 in our series (four cases), one @entity5 showed dedifferentiation and two cases had areas of high-grade @entity5 . The dedifferentiated @entity5 showed peripheral post-contrast enhancement. One case with a substantial high-grade component showed osseous destruction and peripheral enhancement in the high-grade area, while the low-grade component enhanced diffusely. The second case had a small high-grade area and showed diffuse enhancement. All three of these cases had non-acral locations and lacked association with a tendon. The four cases of low-grade @entity1614 demonstrated diffuse enhancement, were located in the distal extremities, and were associated with a tendon. CONCLUSION: The imaging findings of dedifferentiated and high-grade @entity1614 differ from the more typical @entity5 in that they have nonenhancing areas, a non-acral location, lack association with a tendon, and may involve bone. The radiologist should be aware that @entity1614 represents a spectrum that includes @entity5 , @entity5 with high-grade areas, and @entity5 with dedifferentiation and that this spectrum presents with differing imaging features.

title: XXXX : spectrum of disease and imaging presentation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'low-grade tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['fibroblastic sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conversion disorder is largely managed by neurologists, for whom it presents great challenges to understanding and management. This study aimed to quantify these challenges, examining how neurologists understand @entity13299 , and what they tell their @entity1 . METHODS: A postal survey of all consultant neurologists in the UK registered with the Association of British Neurologists. RESULTS: 349 of 591 practising consultant neurologists completed the survey. They saw @entity13299 commonly. While they endorsed psychological models for conversion, they diagnosed it according to features of the clinical presentation, most importantly inconsistency and @entity66 . Most of the respondents saw feigning as entangled with @entity13299 , with a minority seeing one as a variant of the other. They were quite willing to discuss psychological factors as long as the @entity1 was receptive but were generally unwilling to discuss feigning even though they saw it as their responsibility. Those who favoured models in terms of feigning were older, while younger, female neurologists preferred psychological models, believed conversion would one day be understood neurologically and found communicating with their conversion @entity1 easier than it had been in the past. DISCUSSION: Neurologists accept psychological models for @entity13299 but do not employ them in their diagnosis; they do not see conversion as clearly different from feigning. This may be changing as younger, female neurologists endorse psychological views more clearly and find it easier to discuss with their @entity1 .

title: Neurologists' understanding and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal illness behaviour']

answer: @entity13299 :: (MESH:D003291,Disease) :: ['conversion disorder']


abstract: @entity15892 complicates 6% to 10% of parturients and is manifested as nightmares, physical complaints and difficulties in concentrating on work or on family activities. Very often fear of childbirth leads to request for an elective cesarean section (CS). In Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, fear of childbirth or maternal request is the reason for about 7-22% of CS births. @entity15892 is as common in nulliparous as in parous @entity1 . Fear of @entity158 is strongly associated with the fear of @entity158 in general, and a previous complicated childbirth or inadequate @entity158 relief are the most common reasons for requesting a CS among parous @entity1 . Previous psychological morbidity and a great number of daily stressors expose a @entity1 to a great risk of fear of childbirth. @entity15892 is not an isolated problem but associated with the @entity1 's personal characteristics, mainly general @entity148 , low self-esteem, and @entity308 , and dissatisfaction with their partnership, and lack of support. Also the partners of @entity1 with fear have a certain pattern of low psychological well-being, resulting in low life-satisfaction, dissatisfaction with partnerships, and @entity308 . A vivid debate about the @entity1 's right to choose the mode of delivery is going on in obstetric literature, but discussion on the reasons for @entity1 to request a CS, or on the possibilities to help them overcome the fear of vaginal childbirth is scanty. Preliminary Swedish and Finnish reports demonstrated the results of treatment during pregnancy, when more than half of the @entity1 withdrew their request after being able to discuss their @entity148 and fear, and vaginal deliveries after treatment were successful.

title: XXXX : a neglected dilemma.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity15892 :: ('MESH:C563679', 'Disease') :: ['Fear of childbirth', 'Severe fear of childbirth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'labor pain']

answer: @entity15892 :: (MESH:C563679,Disease) :: ['Fear of childbirth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity931 is one of the commonest reasons for gynecologic consultations. Inhibitors of fibrinolysis and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally used as therapy for the condition with an acceptable response in some @entity1 . Endometrial ablation is one choice in @entity1 suffering from @entity931 . It can be performed in @entity1 with no endometrial histological or anatomical pathology. In this method, the functional endometrial tissue is ablated under general anesthesia in an outpatient setting. METHODS: We compared two methods that are widely used in Finland (Menotreat and Cavaterm) in thermoablation of endometrial tissue in 31 @entity1 that were randomized into two treatment groups. RESULTS: Endometrial ablation was effective in the treatment of @entity931 in @entity1 with normal endometrial structure. About 70% of the @entity1 described the result of the treatment as 'very good'. Only one @entity1 underwent a hysterectomy during the 6-month follow-up period because of problems related to @entity3556 . The two methods were similar in efficacy and @entity1 acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: Both thermoablation techniques were well accepted by our @entity1 and showed similar and good efficacy and @entity1 acceptance.

title: Endometrial thermoablation for treatment of XXXX : comparison of two methods in outpatient setting.

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia', 'Menorrhagia']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['uterine bleedings']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To establish outcome measures for recovery and chronic @entity158 for studies with @entity1 who present with recent-onset @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) in primary care. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Among back @entity158 researchers, no consensus exists about outcome definitions or how to identify primary-care @entity1 as not-recovered from an episode of @entity1643 . Cut points for outcome scales have mostly been arbitrarily chosen. Theoretical models for establishing minimal important change values in studies of @entity1 with @entity1643 have been proposed and need to be applied to real data. METHODS: A sample of 521 @entity1 who presented with acute @entity1643 (<4 weeks) in primary care clinics were observed for 6 months and scores for @entity158 and disability were compared with ratings on a Global Perceived Effect Scale. Using multiple potential "gold standards" as anchors (reference standards), the receiver operating characteristic method was used to determine optimal cut points for different ways of defining nonrecovery from acute @entity1643 . RESULTS: Minimal important change values and upper limits for @entity158 and disability scores as well as minimal important percentage changes are presented for five different definitions of recovery. A previously suggested 30% change from baseline scores does not accurately discriminate between recovered @entity1 and nonrecovered @entity1 in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity1643 in primary care. CONCLUSION: Outcome definitions that combine ratings from perceived recovery scales with @entity158 and disability measures provide the highest accuracy in discriminating recovered @entity1 from nonrecovered @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX and primary care: how to define recovery and chronification?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['acute low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on 1-year visual, anatomical, and angiographic responses with intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of @entity455 . METHODS: @entity1 with macula-involved, symptomatic @entity455 with initial best-corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or better and a minimal follow-up period of 12 months were retrospectively enrolled. Eyes were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (2.5 mg) at baseline and monitored monthly for best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness (by optical coherence tomography). Indocyanine green angiography was evaluated on a 6-month basis. Eyes were retreated on an "as-needed" basis according to visual and anatomical changes. RESULTS: A total of 35 eyes of 33 @entity1 were treated with a mean of 3.3 (range, 1-8) times of injection. Best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from a mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of 0.79    0.42 at baseline (Snellen equivalent, 20/123) to 0.69    0.47 (20/94), 0.66    0.45 (20/87), 0.67    0.44 (20/87), 0.67    0.48 (20/87), and 0.67    0.51 @entity12804 , and 12 months, respectively (P = 0.002, 0.0003, 0.0008, 0.017, and 0.02, respectively; paired Student's t-test). Central retinal thickness also significantly improved from a mean of 297    94  m at baseline to 215    58  m, 214    59  m, 218    79  m, 213    75  m, and 221    61  m at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively (all P < 0.0001, paired Student's t-test). Indocyanine green angiography showed 3 of 32 eyes (9.4%) and 5 of 31 eyes (16.1%) with completely resolved @entity1127 and 11 of 32 eyes (34.4%) and 10 of 31 eyes (32.3%) with reduced @entity1127 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. No systemic complication or severe local complication, such as @entity3225 , was found. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy has a favorable outcome in improving visual acuity and macular exudative changes in @entity1 with @entity455 . It can also moderately reduce @entity75 on @entity3194 angiography.

title: One-year outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']


abstract: A 67-year-old male @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity751 under @entity821 treatment was admitted to our hospital with @entity221 and severe @entity158 . Upon physical examination, a @entity733 was identified. Furthermore, the scrotum was gangrenous with extensive @entity2688 and left lower abdominal wall. Crepitations between the skin and fascia were palpable. A diagnosis of @entity18450 was made. He was treated with immediate extensive surgical debridement under general anesthesia. The @entity1 received broad-spectrum antibiotics, and repeated extensive debridements were performed until healthy granulation was present in the wound. Due to the fact that his left testicle was severely exposed, it was transpositioned into a subcutaneous pocket in the inner side of the left thigh. He was finally discharged on the 57th postoperative day. @entity18450 is characterized by high mortality rates, ranging from 15% to 50% and is an acute surgical emergency. The mainstay of treatment should be open drainage and early aggressive surgical debridement of all @entity39 tissue, followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy.

title: Successful Treatment of a Severe Case of @entity18450 Complicating a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity18450 :: ('MESH:D018934', 'Disease') :: ["Fournier's gangrene"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis of the perineum']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['perianal pain']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['Perianal Abscess']


abstract: A 67-year-old male @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity751 under @entity821 treatment was admitted to our hospital with @entity221 and severe @entity158 . Upon physical examination, a @entity733 was identified. Furthermore, the scrotum was gangrenous with extensive @entity2688 and left lower abdominal wall. Crepitations between the skin and fascia were palpable. A diagnosis of @entity18450 was made. He was treated with immediate extensive surgical debridement under general anesthesia. The @entity1 received broad-spectrum antibiotics, and repeated extensive debridements were performed until healthy granulation was present in the wound. Due to the fact that his left testicle was severely exposed, it was transpositioned into a subcutaneous pocket in the inner side of the left thigh. He was finally discharged on the 57th postoperative day. @entity18450 is characterized by high mortality rates, ranging from 15% to 50% and is an acute surgical emergency. The mainstay of treatment should be open drainage and early aggressive surgical debridement of all @entity39 tissue, followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy.

title: Successful Treatment of a Severe Case of XXXX Complicating a @entity733 .

answer: @entity18450 :: (MESH:D018934,Disease) :: ['Fournier's Gangrene']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) account for 40 to 60% of primary @entity3478 . About 10% occur in the head and neck region, frequently in the mandibula or maxilla. We treated a 30-year-old @entity1 with 26-month history of right-sided facial @entity158 and @entity809 . Investigation showed high-grade OS of the right mandibular coronoid process, affecting the mandibular nerve, @entity3538 (ICA). True en bloc resection was performed after upfront adjuvant chemotherapy. The ICA was trap-ligated intradurally, whereafter the floor of the middle fossa, including the mandibular nerve and the glenoid fossa, was detached from the skull base in one piece. Subsequently, a hemimandibulectomy, total parotidectomy, ICA sacrifice, and removal of the pterygoid plates and muscles were performed, and the abovementioned structures were removed as a solitary specimen, including the @entity5 . A sural nerve graft was interposed between five major facial nerve branches to reanimate the face. The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery, is able to eat, and has a partial @entity2103 . He has no @entity5 recurrence 26 months after surgery. OS of the jaw should be treated with radical surgery as the primary modality.

title: Multimodal treatment of XXXX of the jaw.

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'facial nerve branches overlying the tumor']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['middle cranial fossa, internal jugular vein, and internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcomas', 'OSs']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current @entity169 are generally based on anatomical considerations. Failures of such operations are due to lack of consideration of physiological aspects. Many @entity1 with @entity169 are cured as a result of current techniques of operation, though factors that are said to prevent @entity547 formation are not restored. Therefore, the surgical physiology of inguinal canal needs to be reconsidered. METHODS: A retrospective study is describer of 200 @entity1 operated on for @entity169 under local anaesthesia by the author's technique of @entity169 . RESULTS: The posterior wall of the inguinal canal was weak and without dynamic movement in all @entity1 . Strong aponeurotic extensions were absent in the posterior wall. The muscle arch movement was lost or diminished in all @entity1 . The movement of the muscle arch improved after it was sutured to the upper border of a strip of the external oblique aponeurosis (EOA). The newly formed posterior wall was kept physiologically dynamic by the additional muscle strength provided by external oblique muscle to the weakened muscles of the muscle arch. CONCLUSIONS: A physiologically dynamic and strong posterior inguinal wall, and the shielding and compression action of the muscles and aponeuroses around the inguinal canal are important factors that prevent @entity547 formation or @entity547 recurrence after repair. In addition, the squeezing and plugging action of the cremasteric muscle and binding effect of the strong cremasteric fascia, also play an important role in the prevention of @entity547 .

title: Surgical physiology of XXXX --a study of 200 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia operations', 'inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study analyzes the impact of a temporary loop ileostomy on postoperative outcome after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 in terms of complications and reoperations including ileostomy closure. METHODS: The records of 122 consecutive @entity1 undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 during a 12-year period were reviewed. In 89 @entity1 , a defunctioning ileostomy was created, while 33 @entity1 had no ileostomy. Statistics were done with Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test, p   <   0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Both study groups were comparable concerning age, @entity1960 activity, previous diseases, previous surgery, use of @entity230 , and immunosuppressives. Pouch-related septic complications ( @entity834 dehiscence, pouch leakage, @entity530 ) were significantly lower in the ileostomy group (5.6% vs. 18.2%, p   =   0.031), resulting in a lower rate of @entity341 following restorative proctocolectomy (4.5% vs. 30.3%, p   <   0.001). Including all complications associated with scheduled closure of ileostomy, the cumulative frequency of @entity341 was significantly lower in the ileostomy group (13.5% vs. 30.3%, p   =   0.032). The cumulative duration of hospitalization, including all hospital stays for complications or closure of the ileostomy, was significantly longer in the ileostomy group [median 22  days (11-92) vs. 14  days (9-109), p   <   0.001]. During long-term follow-up, a stricture at the pouch-anal @entity254 was more common in the ileostomy group (24.7% vs. 6.1%, p   =   0.021), whereas only one stricture necessitated surgical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Creation of a defunctioning loop ileostomy reduces pouch-related septic complications and the frequency of emergency second laparotomies after restorative proctocolectomy for @entity31 .

title: Impact of defunctioning loop ileostomy on outcome after restorative proctocolectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency laparotomies']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, new catheter technologies have been developed for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. We investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a circular mapping and pulmonary vein ablation catheter ( @entity8909 ) compared with a standard circular mapping catheter (Orbiter) and the influence of filter settings on signal quality. METHODS: After reconstruction of the left atrium by three-dimensional atriography, baseline @entity4406 potentials ( @entity12468 ) were recorded consecutively with @entity8909 and Orbiter in 20 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 . PVPs were compared and attributed to predefined anatomical @entity4406 segments. Ablation was performed in 80 PVs using the @entity8909 . If isolation of the PVs was assumed, signal assessment of each @entity4406 was repeated with the Orbiter. If residual @entity4406 potentials could be uncovered, different filter settings were tested to improve mapping quality of the @entity8909 . Ablation was continued until complete @entity4406 isolation (PVI) was confirmed with the Orbiter. RESULTS: Baseline mapping demonstrated a good correlation between the Orbiter and @entity8909 . Mapping accuracy using the @entity8909 for mapping and ablation was 94% (74 of 79 PVs). Additional mapping with the Orbiter improved the @entity4406 isolation rate to 99%. Adjustment of filter settings failed to improve quality of the @entity4406 signals compared with standard filter settings. CONCLUSIONS: Using the @entity8909 as a stand-alone strategy for mapping and ablation, one should be aware that in some cases, different signal morphology mimics PVI isolation. Adjustment of filter settings failed to improve signal quality. The use of an additional mapping catheter is recommended to become familiar with the particular signal morphology during the first @entity8909 cases or whenever there is a doubt about successful isolation of the pulmonary veins.

title: Comparison of XXXX signal quality using a novel circular mapping and ablation catheter versus a standard circular mapping catheter.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity4406 :: (MESH:D011087,Disease) :: ['PV']


abstract: We isolated hybrids and cybrids using HeLaTG cells and @entity1 normal primary fibroblasts to examine the functional differences between the mitochondrial genomes of @entity5 and normal cells with respect to their possible involvement in the regulation of tumorigenicity. Hybrids contained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) predominantly from the fibroblast parent and their tumorigenicity was suppressed completely. Then, cytoplasmic transmission of primary fibroblast mtDNA to HeLaTG cells was carried out using toxin-antitoxin selection. Two cybrid clones containing a HeLaTG nucleus only and more than 60% of transmitted fibroblast mtDNA were isolated and injected into @entity19 to test their tumorigenicity. They formed @entity5 when 2 X 10(6) cells were injected, whereas no @entity5 were formed after injection of 5 X 10(5) cells (a concentration at which HeLaTG subclones formed @entity5 ). These cybrids were cultivated in normal medium for two additional months and the content of fibroblast mtDNA increased gradually, resulting in HeLaTG mtDNA eventually being lost from both cybrid clones. We again examined their tumorigenicity and found that they recovered tumorigenicity completely. These results indicate that tumorigenicity of HeLaTG cells could not be suppressed by replacing their mitochondrial genomes with those of normal primary fibroblasts. Further, the partial suppression of tumorigenicity observed in the cybrid clones was temporary and may be due to cytoplasmic factors other than the mitochondrial genomes. Although we can find no difference between the mitochondrial genomes of normal and @entity5 cells regarding the regulation of tumorigenicity, the segregation pattern of the mtDNA in the cybrids was of interest: in the absence of any mitochondrial selection, HeLaTG mtDNA was lost while fibroblast mtDNA was retained, even though the nuclear component of these cybrids was from the HeLaTG cells. Thus, there should be some functional differences between the mitochondrial genomes of HeLaTG cells and primary fibroblasts that are responsible for the preferential segregation of HeLaTG mtDNA from the cybrids.

title: Effects of normal XXXX fibroblast mitochondrial DNA on segregation of HeLaTG Mitochondrial DNA and on tumorigenicity of HeLaTG cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including @entity998 , particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from @entity4002 . In mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to be used successfully as eggs, larvae, and adult. The larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of crude @entity7935 and @entity1046 extracts of leaf of Ervatamia coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima were assayed for their @entity137 against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in @entity7935 extract of E. coronaria against the larvae of Anopheles Stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 with the LC(50) and LC(90) values were 79.08, 89.59, and 96.15 ppm and 150.47, 166.04, and 174.10 ppm, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h posttreatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The leaf extract of E. coronaria was found to be most effective than Caesalpinia pulcherrima against eggs/egg rafts of three vector mosquitoes. For E. coronaria, the @entity7935 extract exerted 300, 250, and 200 ppm against Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 , respectively. The results of the repellent activity of @entity7935 and @entity1046 extract of E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of fore arm in @entity1 and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any @entity56 to the test @entity1 , and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of the reported E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants.

title: Mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent properties of botanical extracts against Anopheles stephensi, XXXX , and @entity2957 (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne diseases']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['loss in commercial and labor outputs']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including @entity998 , particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from @entity4002 . In mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to be used successfully as eggs, larvae, and adult. The larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of crude @entity7935 and @entity1046 extracts of leaf of Ervatamia coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima were assayed for their @entity137 against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in @entity7935 extract of E. coronaria against the larvae of Anopheles Stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 with the LC(50) and LC(90) values were 79.08, 89.59, and 96.15 ppm and 150.47, 166.04, and 174.10 ppm, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h posttreatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The leaf extract of E. coronaria was found to be most effective than Caesalpinia pulcherrima against eggs/egg rafts of three vector mosquitoes. For E. coronaria, the @entity7935 extract exerted 300, 250, and 200 ppm against Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and @entity2957 , respectively. The results of the repellent activity of @entity7935 and @entity1046 extract of E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of fore arm in @entity1 and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any @entity56 to the test @entity1 , and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of the reported E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants.

title: Mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent properties of botanical extracts against Anopheles stephensi, @entity4224 , and XXXX (Diptera: Culicidae).

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity130 @entity1 suffering from active @entity548 has improved with a better understanding of @entity130 -induced @entity1003 . The aim of this manuscript is to give recommendations for coagulation management. METHODS: A systematic literature search in the PubMed database was performed for articles published between January 2000 and August 2009. A total of 230 articles were included in the present systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: The " @entity1003 of @entity130 " is a discrete disease which has a decisive influence on survival. Diagnosis and therapy of @entity3459 should start immediately after admission to the emergency department. A specific protocol for massive transfusion should be introduced and continued. Loss of body temperature should be prevented and treated. Acidaemia should be prevented and treated by appropriate shock therapy. If massive transfusion is performed using fresh frozen plasma (FFP), a ratio of FFP to pRBC (packed red blood cells) of 1:2-1:1 should be achieved. Fibrinogen should be substituted at levels of <1.5 g/L. For @entity1 suffering from active @entity548 , permissive @entity551 (i.e. mean arterial pressure ~65 mmHg) may be aimed for until surgical cessation of @entity548 . This option is contraindicated in @entity149 and in @entity1 with @entity301 , or with known @entity101 . Thrombelastography or -metry may be performed to guide coagulation diagnosis and substitution. Hypocalcaemia <0.9 mmol/L should be avoided and may be treated. For actively @entity548 @entity1 , pRBC may be given at haemoglobin <10 g/L (6.2 mmol/L) and haematocrit may be targeted at 30%.

title: Coagulation management in multiple XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['injuries of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['deranged coagulation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Intra-articular @entity548 is the clinical hallmark of @entity447 . Synoviorthesis, the intra-articular injection of chemical or radioactive substances in order to produce @entity82 of the hypertrophied synovium, has proved effective in the treatment of chronic @entity603 . Between December 2006 and July 2007, we treated 21 @entity1 with @entity2720 by synoviorthesis with @entity1215 once a week. The procedures were performed on 14 knees, five elbows, four ankles, and one shoulder (24 joints and 113 injections). The mean age was 16.7 years (range, 7-49 years). According to the Fernandez-Palazzi classification, synoviorthesis was considered satisfactory (excellent or good) in 21 (87.5%) joints and unsatisfactory (fair or poor) in three (12.5%). A mean reduction of 6.3 @entity548 episodes per month was obtained (P < 0.0001). The mean @entity158 score was reduced from 2.62 (range, 2-3; SD, 0.49) before treatment to 0.79 (range, 0-2; SD, 0.65) after treatment. The mean World Federation of @entity447 (WFH) score was 5.45 (range, 2-8) before synoviorthesis and 3.5 (range, 1-7) after treatment. This method effectively reduced @entity5631 and @entity158 and also improved the range of motion in @entity1 with @entity2720 . Chemical synoviorthesis with @entity1215 appears to be efficient, inexpensive, and simple and also especially practical in developing countries where radioactive agents are not easily available.

title: Synoviorthesis induced by XXXX in @entity2720 : a report of 24 treated joints.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'Hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthrosis']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: Intra-articular @entity548 is the clinical hallmark of @entity447 . Synoviorthesis, the intra-articular injection of chemical or radioactive substances in order to produce @entity82 of the hypertrophied synovium, has proved effective in the treatment of chronic @entity603 . Between December 2006 and July 2007, we treated 21 @entity1 with @entity2720 by synoviorthesis with @entity1215 once a week. The procedures were performed on 14 knees, five elbows, four ankles, and one shoulder (24 joints and 113 injections). The mean age was 16.7 years (range, 7-49 years). According to the Fernandez-Palazzi classification, synoviorthesis was considered satisfactory (excellent or good) in 21 (87.5%) joints and unsatisfactory (fair or poor) in three (12.5%). A mean reduction of 6.3 @entity548 episodes per month was obtained (P < 0.0001). The mean @entity158 score was reduced from 2.62 (range, 2-3; SD, 0.49) before treatment to 0.79 (range, 0-2; SD, 0.65) after treatment. The mean World Federation of @entity447 (WFH) score was 5.45 (range, 2-8) before synoviorthesis and 3.5 (range, 1-7) after treatment. This method effectively reduced @entity5631 and @entity158 and also improved the range of motion in @entity1 with @entity2720 . Chemical synoviorthesis with @entity1215 appears to be efficient, inexpensive, and simple and also especially practical in developing countries where radioactive agents are not easily available.

title: Synoviorthesis induced by @entity1215 in XXXX : a report of 24 treated joints.

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: Thirty-one consecutive high @entity14953 for varus gonarthrosis performed by one surgeon using one technique were evaluated to determine correction of deformity, functional result, subjective impression, and subsequent surgery for the same problem. Twenty-five @entity1 had satisfactory follow-up evaluations. Preoperative tibiofemoral angulation averaged 7 degrees varus. Postoperative tibiofemoral angulation averaged 5 degrees valgus. Ninety-two percent had excellent or good results, according to Coventry's criteria and the H.S.S. knee score. Eighty-eight percent claimed postoperative improvement, 8% were unchanged, and one @entity1 was worse. Eighty-eight percent had had no further surgery. Excellent/good results deteriorated from 92% at two years to 88% at five years, to 91% at seven years, and to 80% at nine years. This is a smaller rate of deterioration than noted in other series. @entity3661 and antiinflammatory drug use was significantly reduced after operation. No significant differences were noted in @entity1 older than or younger than 60 years of age at the time of surgical correction. Factors contributing to success included careful @entity1 selection; correction of the limb to the mechanical axis; and precise surgical technique. Osteotomy proved a successful alternative to total knee replacement for treatment of varus gonarthrosis in a carefully selected group of @entity1 .

title: High XXXX . A clinical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3661 :: ('MESH:D051271', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesic']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['tibial valgus osteotomies']

answer: @entity14953 :: (MESH:D060906,Disease) :: ['tibial valgus osteotomy']


abstract: @entity6437 ( @entity6437 ) is a benign tumorous lesion of unknown cause, which is composed of fibrous tissue with infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes. A 57-year-old male with @entity3621 was indicated to have @entity409 during observation of the course of @entity3621 at a nearby hospital. He was referred to our facility to undergo detailed examinations. When he visited our hospital for the initial examination, he had no subjective symptoms. His past medical history was unremarkable. There were no distinct abnormalities on the medical examination. Blood tests revealed a white blood cell count of 10400 / L, CRP of 0.29 mg/dl, AST of 31 IU/L, ALT of 46 IU/L, ALP of 583 IU/L and - @entity3007 of 408 IU/L, showing a mild inflammatory reaction and elevated hepatobiliary enzymes. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed a @entity5 mass approximately 4 cm in diameter in a lateral hepatic segment. The margin and center of the mass were hypoechoic and iso- to hyperechoic, respectively, and the inside of the mass was non-homogeneous. Needle biopsy revealed only inflammatory findings with no indications of @entity5 . Since computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, done 4 months after detection of the @entity5 mass, revealed the mass to have increased to approximately 6 cm in diameter, excision biopsy was considered. The CT taken 2 months later revealed the mass to have regressed to approximately 2 cm in diameter, but excision of the lateral hepatic segment was undertaken at the @entity1 's request. As a result, the diagnosis of @entity6437 of the liver was confirmed. Imaging findings of hepatic @entity6437 are variable and specific findings are lacking. Since the rate of correct diagnosis with needle biopsy is also low, @entity6437 of the liver is often very difficult to differentiate from @entity5 . On the other hand, since it may show spontaneous regression, indications for surgery must be assessed very carefully.

title: XXXX : case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['IPT', 'Inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the histopathologic effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity5 and the proteins, @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) and @entity876 . METHODS: Samples from 73 @entity5 were examined. The histopathologic effects observed in the resected specimens induced by preoperative chemoradiotherapy were correlated with the inmunohistochemical expression of @entity1364 and @entity876 in biopsies obtained by rectoscopy before chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity5 showed a high @entity1364 index (48%). Nuclear accumulation of @entity876 protein was detected in 53 @entity5 (72%). Specimens were assigned one of four grades based on the amount of residual viable @entity5 . Three @entity5 (4%) showed complete regression; 8 other @entity189 (11%) showed only small numbers of @entity5 cells scattered within the field of stromal reaction. In these cases, it was considered that the @entity5 had responded significantly to radiotherapy. @entity5 with a high @entity1364 index responded to chemoradiotherapy more frequently (8/35; 72%) than @entity5 with a low index (3/38; 43%) (p = 0.07). @entity876 -negative @entity5 responded more frequently (4/20; 20%) than positive @entity5 (7/53; 13.2%) (p = 0.50). When pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the @entity5 were included in a logistic regression model, only high @entity1364 index (odds ratio 5.35, 95% confidence interval 1.07-26.7) (p = 0.04) was significantly associated with the histologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSION: High proliferative activity of @entity5 , as determined by @entity1364 immunostaining, is predictive of the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

title: Preoperatively irradiated XXXX : analysis of the histopathologic response and predictive value of @entity1364 immunostaining.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'rectal cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between the histopathologic effects of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in @entity5 and the proteins, @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) and @entity876 . METHODS: Samples from 73 @entity5 were examined. The histopathologic effects observed in the resected specimens induced by preoperative chemoradiotherapy were correlated with the inmunohistochemical expression of @entity1364 and @entity876 in biopsies obtained by rectoscopy before chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity5 showed a high @entity1364 index (48%). Nuclear accumulation of @entity876 protein was detected in 53 @entity5 (72%). Specimens were assigned one of four grades based on the amount of residual viable @entity5 . Three @entity5 (4%) showed complete regression; 8 other @entity189 (11%) showed only small numbers of @entity5 cells scattered within the field of stromal reaction. In these cases, it was considered that the @entity5 had responded significantly to radiotherapy. @entity5 with a high @entity1364 index responded to chemoradiotherapy more frequently (8/35; 72%) than @entity5 with a low index (3/38; 43%) (p = 0.07). @entity876 -negative @entity5 responded more frequently (4/20; 20%) than positive @entity5 (7/53; 13.2%) (p = 0.50). When pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the @entity5 were included in a logistic regression model, only high @entity1364 index (odds ratio 5.35, 95% confidence interval 1.07-26.7) (p = 0.04) was significantly associated with the histologic response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSION: High proliferative activity of @entity5 , as determined by @entity1364 immunostaining, is predictive of the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

title: Preoperatively irradiated @entity189 : analysis of the histopathologic response and predictive value of XXXX immunostaining.

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen']


abstract: A study was made of the clinical features and therapeutic response of 144 @entity1 from whose sputum @entity6729 was isolated. Typically, features of @entity281 with cough productive of moderate amounts of purulent sputum, fever and dyspnoea were present. Of 74 @entity1 who were infected in the community, 50 required hospital admission. @entity580 occurred in the remaining 70 @entity1 . Most @entity1 had chronic @entity358 or @entity189 bronchus; @entity55 occurred in 12 @entity1 . Acute tracheobronchitis developed in 4 healthy non-smokers after viral illnesses. @entity6729 contributed to the death of 8 @entity1 . Overall, 59% of isolates produced beta-lactamase but the proportion had risen to 70% by the end of the study; half of these were community acquired. 41% of @entity1 who were treated initially with @entity869 did not respond. @entity798 plus @entity115 , @entity799 , @entity2929 , @entity803 , @entity2261 and @entity3524 are useful alternative antibiotics. All strains of @entity6729 were resistant to @entity206 .

title: @entity281 due to XXXX . Clinical features and therapeutic response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['Clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis', 'B. catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['B. catarrhalis']


abstract: A study was made of the clinical features and therapeutic response of 144 @entity1 from whose sputum @entity6729 was isolated. Typically, features of @entity281 with cough productive of moderate amounts of purulent sputum, fever and dyspnoea were present. Of 74 @entity1 who were infected in the community, 50 required hospital admission. @entity580 occurred in the remaining 70 @entity1 . Most @entity1 had chronic @entity358 or @entity189 bronchus; @entity55 occurred in 12 @entity1 . Acute tracheobronchitis developed in 4 healthy non-smokers after viral illnesses. @entity6729 contributed to the death of 8 @entity1 . Overall, 59% of isolates produced beta-lactamase but the proportion had risen to 70% by the end of the study; half of these were community acquired. 41% of @entity1 who were treated initially with @entity869 did not respond. @entity798 plus @entity115 , @entity799 , @entity2929 , @entity803 , @entity2261 and @entity3524 are useful alternative antibiotics. All strains of @entity6729 were resistant to @entity206 .

title: XXXX due to @entity6729 . Clinical features and therapeutic response.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Bronchopulmonary infection']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to compare quantitatively the position of the cerebellar tonsil in neurologically normal adolescents with that in @entity2112 ( @entity1984 ) @entity1 and age-matched healthy controls. OBJECTIVES: To redefine the normal reference level of the cerebellar tonsil in healthy adolescents and to compare the differences in tonsillar level with @entity1984 of different severities. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Asymptomatic @entity1645 has been reported not infrequently in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1984 . The @entity3976 and its variations with sex, age, and curve severities have not been clarified. METHODS: Sagittal MRI of hindbrain was performed on 170 adolescents, including 117 @entity1 with @entity1984 and 53 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS: The cerebellar tonsillar tip in healthy @entity1 was found at an average of 2.8 mm above the basion-opisthion reference line (BO line) (range, 0-10.5 mm), in contrast to the finding that 17.9% of the @entity1984 @entity1 had tonsillar tip below the BO line. The position of tonsil in the @entity1984 group was lower than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.05), and the differences also increased with the severity of the curve (P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Using the current MRI reference standards, the incidence of @entity3976 could be significantly underestimated. According to our experience, any @entity75 of a tonsil below the BO line in adolescents should be regarded as abnormal. @entity1635 could be an important manifestation of @entity3976 .

title: Redefining the magnetic resonance imaging reference level for the cerebellar tonsil: a study of 170 adolescents with normal versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical tonsillar herniation', 'definition of tonsillar herniation', 'tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior displacement']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine an association between fall-related @entity173 and gluteus medius and minimus @entity194 . METHODS: Retrospective review of 64 @entity1 with @entity173 and 96 age- and sex-stratified controls was performed. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, @entity392 , and iliopsoas @entity194 was scored using a standard scale. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: There is a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in gluteus medius and minimus @entity194 in the @entity174 versus control groups. Presence of @entity194 was predictive of fall-related @entity174 (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-4.31). There is no significant difference in @entity392 (P = 0.47) or iliopsoas (P = 0.15) @entity194 between the 2 groups. @entity194 increased with age (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). In unilateral fractures, there is a significant difference (P = 0.0002) in ipsilateral versus contralateral gluteus medius @entity194 . CONCLUSIONS: Gluteus medius and minimus @entity2057 is greater in @entity173 , which may predispose the elderly to falls.

title: Association of Gluteus Medius and Minimus Muscle Atrophy and XXXX in Older Individuals Using Computed Tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip and/or pelvic fractures', 'fall-related hip/pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tensor fascia lata']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'gluteus atrophy', 'Gluteus atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Fall-Related Hip Fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity281 are rare, and their management is controversial. We reviewed our experience with the surgical management of this condition. METHODS: From August 1988 to August 2001, 26 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ) were treated surgically for @entity281 . The median age was 56 years (range, 20-77 years). @entity1 who had a recent previous median sternotomy were excluded. RESULTS: All @entity1 were symptomatic. @entity158 was present in 21 @entity1 , swelling in 14 @entity1 , @entity221 in 11 @entity1 , and erythema in 9 @entity1 . @entity558 included @entity281 in other areas in 12 @entity1 ( @entity55 in 4 @entity1 , @entity281 in 2 @entity1 , and other in 6 @entity1 ) and an indwelling central venous catheter in 1 @entity1 . Five @entity1 had a history of @entity130 in the region of the joint. Four @entity1 had prior joint incision and drainage. Unilateral sternoclavicular joint resection was done in 18 @entity1 , bilateral resection in 2 @entity1 , and incision and drainage with debridement in 6 @entity1 . Wound culture results were positive in 24 @entity1 , and the most common organism isolated was @entity794 (n = 17). Eleven @entity1 had transposition of the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle to obliterate residual space and to reconstruct the chest wall. Two (7.7%) @entity1 had complications, and 1 died (operative mortality, 3.8%). Follow-up was complete in all 25 operative survivors and ranged from 2 months to 10 years (median, 25 months). Twenty-one @entity1 are alive without symptoms, @entity281 , or limitations in range of motion. Four @entity1 have died as a result of causes unrelated to their joint @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic @entity281 often require surgical intervention. Surgical resection combined with muscle transposition provides effective long-term outcome.

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Associated conditions']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Sternoclavicular joint infections', 'infection', 'recent or ongoing infections', 'infected sternoclavicular joints', 'infections', 'multiple joint infections', 'sternoclavicular joint infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['sternoclavicular joint infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop routinely applicable limited sampling strategies for assessing @entity205 (CsA) AUC(0-12 h), and possibly other exposure indices such as AUC(0-4 h) and C(max), in heart transplant @entity1 over the first year post-transplantation. METHODS: First, the individual pharmacokinetics (PKs) of 14 adult heart-transplant @entity1 receiving Neoral were assessed at three post-transplantation periods, at the end of the first week (W1), the third month (M3) and the first year (Y1). To fit blood concentrations, a @entity24523 model specially developed for oral CsA was applied. Second, two statistical methods were compared for AUC(0-12 h) estimation using a limited sampling strategy (maximum of three blood samples): multiple regression analysis (MR) and Bayesian estimation (BE). RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between the individual @entity24523 parameters at M3 and Y1, so population modelling was performed taking as a whole the concentration data collected at M3 and Y1. On the contrary, a significant difference ( P<0.05) was found for the C2/dose ratio between @entity44625 (mean+/-SD =5.47+/-2.33; 7.78+/-1.05; 6.98+/-2.17 ml(-1 )for @entity44625 , respectively). Also, C(max)/dose and A were found significantly lower at W1 than at M3 ( P<0.01 and P<0.005, respectively), while lambda(1) was significantly higher at W1 than at both M3 and Y1 ( P<0.01). Using three sampling times (t0 h, t1 h and t3 h), BE allowed an accurate prediction of AUC(0-12 h) (mean bias =3.06+/-12.16%; +1.50+/-1.61%; and -0.20+/-11.42% at @entity44625 , respectively), AUC(0-4 h )and C(max). MR led to satisfactory estimation of AUC(0-12 h) using only two blood samples collected 2 h and 6 h post-dose (R=0.956-0.993; bias =-5.22 to +4.41; precision =6.38 to 9.90%), but this method is unable to estimate any other exposure index and requires strict respect of sampling times, contrary to BE. CONCLUSION: Neoral monitoring based on full or abbreviated AUC is possible using BE or MR in heart transplant @entity1 over the first year post-transplantation. BE provides a good description of the individual @entity24523 profiles and thus might be useful not only in case of potential discrepancies between C2 and clinical findings, but also for clinical trials aimed at finding optimum @entity24523 monitoring in heart recipients.

title: Limited sampling strategies using Bayesian estimation or multilinear regression for XXXX AUC(0-12) monitoring in cardiac transplant recipients over the first year post-transplantation.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity44625 :: ('6084', 'Gene') :: ['W1 and M3 and between W1 and Y1', 'W1, M3 and Y1']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A study of lumbar ligamentum flavum (LF) OBJECTIVE.: To identify @entity1184 - related microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile, and to investigate the role of miRNAs in the development of @entity1184 in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although histologic and biologic literature on @entity1184 is available, the pathomechanism is still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and @entity82 , but the role of specific miRNAs involved in @entity1184 remains elusive. METHODS: An initial screening of LF tissues miRNA expression by miRNA microarray was performed using samples from 10 @entity1 and 10 controls, respectively. Subsequently, differential expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Then, functional analysis of the miRNAs in regulating collagens I and III expression was carried out. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were also used to detect the target gene. In addition, the thickness of the LF at the level of the facet joint was measured on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: We identified 18 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in @entity1 compared with controls. Following qRT-PCR confirmation, @entity494 was significantly lower in LF tissues of @entity1 when compared with controls. The LF was significantly thicker in @entity1 than that in controls. Bioinformatics target prediction identified @entity1552 as a putative target of @entity494 . Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that @entity494 directly targets @entity1552 and affects the protein expression of @entity1552 in fibroblasts isolated from LF. Of note, @entity494 mimic reduced mRNA and protein expression of collagens I and collagen III in fibroblasts isolated from LF. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of @entity494 might contribute to @entity1184 by promoting collagens I and III expression via the induction of @entity1552 . Our study also underscores the potential of @entity494 as a novel therapeutic target in @entity2649 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: MicroRNA-221 regulates @entity1184 of ligamentum flavum in @entity2649 by targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LF hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity1552 :: (7077,Gene) :: ['TIMP-2']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A study of lumbar ligamentum flavum (LF) OBJECTIVE.: To identify @entity1184 - related microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile, and to investigate the role of miRNAs in the development of @entity1184 in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although histologic and biologic literature on @entity1184 is available, the pathomechanism is still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and @entity82 , but the role of specific miRNAs involved in @entity1184 remains elusive. METHODS: An initial screening of LF tissues miRNA expression by miRNA microarray was performed using samples from 10 @entity1 and 10 controls, respectively. Subsequently, differential expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Then, functional analysis of the miRNAs in regulating collagens I and III expression was carried out. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were also used to detect the target gene. In addition, the thickness of the LF at the level of the facet joint was measured on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: We identified 18 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in @entity1 compared with controls. Following qRT-PCR confirmation, @entity494 was significantly lower in LF tissues of @entity1 when compared with controls. The LF was significantly thicker in @entity1 than that in controls. Bioinformatics target prediction identified @entity1552 as a putative target of @entity494 . Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that @entity494 directly targets @entity1552 and affects the protein expression of @entity1552 in fibroblasts isolated from LF. Of note, @entity494 mimic reduced mRNA and protein expression of collagens I and collagen III in fibroblasts isolated from LF. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of @entity494 might contribute to @entity1184 by promoting collagens I and III expression via the induction of @entity1552 . Our study also underscores the potential of @entity494 as a novel therapeutic target in @entity2649 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: MicroRNA-221 regulates XXXX of ligamentum flavum in @entity2649 by targeting @entity1552 .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A study of lumbar ligamentum flavum (LF) OBJECTIVE.: To identify @entity1184 - related microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile, and to investigate the role of miRNAs in the development of @entity1184 in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although histologic and biologic literature on @entity1184 is available, the pathomechanism is still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and @entity82 , but the role of specific miRNAs involved in @entity1184 remains elusive. METHODS: An initial screening of LF tissues miRNA expression by miRNA microarray was performed using samples from 10 @entity1 and 10 controls, respectively. Subsequently, differential expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Then, functional analysis of the miRNAs in regulating collagens I and III expression was carried out. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were also used to detect the target gene. In addition, the thickness of the LF at the level of the facet joint was measured on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: We identified 18 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in @entity1 compared with controls. Following qRT-PCR confirmation, @entity494 was significantly lower in LF tissues of @entity1 when compared with controls. The LF was significantly thicker in @entity1 than that in controls. Bioinformatics target prediction identified @entity1552 as a putative target of @entity494 . Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that @entity494 directly targets @entity1552 and affects the protein expression of @entity1552 in fibroblasts isolated from LF. Of note, @entity494 mimic reduced mRNA and protein expression of collagens I and collagen III in fibroblasts isolated from LF. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of @entity494 might contribute to @entity1184 by promoting collagens I and III expression via the induction of @entity1552 . Our study also underscores the potential of @entity494 as a novel therapeutic target in @entity2649 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: MicroRNA-221 regulates @entity1184 of ligamentum flavum in XXXX by targeting @entity1552 .

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of intra-arterial @entity2643 injection in a hemodynamically unstable @entity1 leading to @entity432 and a subsequent compartment syndrome. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Prehospital setting, emergency department and ICU of a university hospital. @entity1 : A 58-year-old @entity1 presenting with a @entity1165 of 190 beats/min was administered @entity2643 through an accidently placed arterial access in the left cubital fossa. Quickly, the @entity1 developed clinical signs of an acute @entity432 . INTERVENTIONS: Immediate left brachial artery angiography with subsequent thrombectomy was performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A @entity715 at the injection side was found, which was immediately recanalized by thrombus aspiration. In addition to anticoagulation and an @entity857 -antagonist an adjunct therapy with vasodilators and @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors was given and repetitive duplex sonography confirmed arterial flow. However, despite restoration of blood flow the @entity1 developed a severe compartment syndrome of the arm and had to receive multistep surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an acute @entity715 leading to a compartment syndrome upon accidental intra-arterial injection of @entity2643 in an emergency setting. In the hemodynamically unstable @entity1 healthcare providers should be aware of arterial miscanulation and its consequences. Upon intra-arterial injection, a direct antithrombotic and vasodilative therapy should be administered via the initially misplaced arterial access, which may include a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor.

title: Acute @entity715 of the Left Brachial Artery After Intra-Arterial Administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute vessel occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic vessel occlusion', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of intra-arterial @entity2643 injection in a hemodynamically unstable @entity1 leading to @entity432 and a subsequent compartment syndrome. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Prehospital setting, emergency department and ICU of a university hospital. @entity1 : A 58-year-old @entity1 presenting with a @entity1165 of 190 beats/min was administered @entity2643 through an accidently placed arterial access in the left cubital fossa. Quickly, the @entity1 developed clinical signs of an acute @entity432 . INTERVENTIONS: Immediate left brachial artery angiography with subsequent thrombectomy was performed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A @entity715 at the injection side was found, which was immediately recanalized by thrombus aspiration. In addition to anticoagulation and an @entity857 -antagonist an adjunct therapy with vasodilators and @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors was given and repetitive duplex sonography confirmed arterial flow. However, despite restoration of blood flow the @entity1 developed a severe compartment syndrome of the arm and had to receive multistep surgical interventions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an acute @entity715 leading to a compartment syndrome upon accidental intra-arterial injection of @entity2643 in an emergency setting. In the hemodynamically unstable @entity1 healthcare providers should be aware of arterial miscanulation and its consequences. Upon intra-arterial injection, a direct antithrombotic and vasodilative therapy should be administered via the initially misplaced arterial access, which may include a @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor.

title: Acute XXXX of the Left Brachial Artery After Intra-Arterial Administration of @entity2643 .

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Thrombotic Occlusion']


abstract: Exposure of an animal to stressful stimuli, perceived by the animal as a threatening, emergency condition, elicits a transient @entity158 sensitivity, which often affects thermoregulatory mechanisms in the threatened organism. We studied the interaction between emergency and thermoregulatory components of swim stress in developing swim stress-induced @entity1337 (SSIA). The subjects were @entity19 selectively bred for high @entity1337 (HA) induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water, and displaying profound swim @entity2332 . The @entity19 were acclimated to one of the following conditions: (1) ambient cold (5 degrees C, mimicking the thermal component of swim stress); (2) daily 3-min swimming at 32 degrees C (mimicking the emergency, emotional in nature, component of swim stress), or (3) daily swimming at 20 degrees C (a combination of both emergency and thermal component of swim stress). Following each of the procedures the @entity1337 induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water and by acute exposure to -2.5 degrees C in helium/ @entity26 (Helox) atmosphere was measured. @entity1337 was also assessed in a group of naive @entity19 immersed in 20 degrees C shallow water with the purpose of eliminating the emergency condition, but assuring the animal's contact with the cold water environment. Cold acclimation markedly attenuated @entity519 ( @entity519 ) without affecting SSIA, whereas repeated swims attenuated SSIA without affecting @entity519 . The results suggest that @entity2332 is the only stimulus eliciting @entity519 , while the emergency condition of swimming is essential for inducing SSIA. The significantly lower magnitude of SSIA in @entity19 acclimated to repeated swims in 20 degrees C than in 32 degrees C water suggests that SSIA develops due to an interaction between the emergency and hypothermic components of swim stress. This is further supported by a greater @entity2332 and greater @entity1337 in freely swimming than in immersed naive @entity19 .

title: XXXX induced by swim stress: interaction between analgesic and thermoregulatory mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['HIA', 'Helox-induced analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of pain']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['Analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a possible mechanism underlying the partial virilization of a 46, XX @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ). METHODS: We performed immunocytochemical staining of @entity5 sections for luteinizing hormone (LH)/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) receptors. In addition, related reports in the literature are discussed. RESULTS: A previously healthy mother developed a large @entity701 - and @entity342 -producing @entity5 that did not interfere with conception or early morphogenesis. The @entity5 eluded detection until after delivery of a partially virilized 46, XX female @entity1 with @entity4998 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity5 sections revealed overexpression of the LH/ @entity1465 receptor. Virilization of the genetically female fetus may have resulted from @entity1465 -stimulated steroid secretion by the @entity1636 . CONCLUSION: Because @entity699 and @entity3428 are associated with menstrual disturbances and @entity2208 , pregnancy in @entity1 with functional @entity5 is uncommon. Rarely, maternal @entity134 excess from a functional @entity5 has caused 46, XX disordered sex differentiation. This unusual case demonstrates the influence of @entity1465 on the functionality of an @entity1636 and demonstrates the rare phenomenon of virilization of a female @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity5 .

title: Virilization of a female @entity1 by a maternal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ambiguous genitalia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III adrenal tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a possible mechanism underlying the partial virilization of a 46, XX @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ). METHODS: We performed immunocytochemical staining of @entity5 sections for luteinizing hormone (LH)/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) receptors. In addition, related reports in the literature are discussed. RESULTS: A previously healthy mother developed a large @entity701 - and @entity342 -producing @entity5 that did not interfere with conception or early morphogenesis. The @entity5 eluded detection until after delivery of a partially virilized 46, XX female @entity1 with @entity4998 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity5 sections revealed overexpression of the LH/ @entity1465 receptor. Virilization of the genetically female fetus may have resulted from @entity1465 -stimulated steroid secretion by the @entity1636 . CONCLUSION: Because @entity699 and @entity3428 are associated with menstrual disturbances and @entity2208 , pregnancy in @entity1 with functional @entity5 is uncommon. Rarely, maternal @entity134 excess from a functional @entity5 has caused 46, XX disordered sex differentiation. This unusual case demonstrates the influence of @entity1465 on the functionality of an @entity1636 and demonstrates the rare phenomenon of virilization of a female @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity5 .

title: Virilization of a female XXXX by a maternal @entity1636 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The European @entity1358 @entity2857 (EU-ARCCS) expanded-access study provided @entity2857 to advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 in whom previous systemic therapy had failed. The study assessed the safety and use of @entity2857 for the treatment of advanced @entity1358 in a large community-based @entity1 population across 11 countries in Europe. @entity1 AND METHODS: EU-ARCCS was a single-arm, open-label trial of @entity2857 in advanced @entity1358 @entity1 . End points included safety, time to progression, progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR). Subgroup analyses included age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histology, prior therapy, and number and sites of @entity3 . RESULTS: About 1159 advanced @entity1358 @entity1 were enrolled. Most @entity1 (94%) experienced drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade, with the most common grade >= 3 AEs including hand-foot skin reaction (13%), @entity294 (7%), @entity1295 (7%), @entity101 (6%), and @entity1910 /desquamation (5%). The incidence of AEs in the subgroups was similar to that in the overall population. Median PFS was 6.6 months; DCR at >= 8 and >= 12 weeks was 85% and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2857 safety profile in European community-based practice settings was similar to that reported in clinical trials. The heterogeneous advanced @entity1358 @entity1 population in EU-ARCCS permitted assessment of @entity2857 in important subpopulations of advanced @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Final results of the European XXXX @entity2857 (EU-ARCCS) expanded-access study: a large open-label study in diverse community settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma']