abstract: In Africa, the beta-globin gene cluster haplotype may be associated with variation of Hb F levels in subjects with @entity3458 (SS). These observations have not yet been conclusively confirmed in SS out of Africa, perhaps because of small sample sizes, the predominance of haplotype heterozygotes, and diverse influences, including gender, upon Hb F levels. We studied 384 adult African-American SS @entity1 (mean age, 31 years) and explored the relationship of gender, beta-globin gene cluster haplotype, and alpha @entity2395 to hematological values and Hb F levels. Both haplotype and gender influenced Hb F concentration. In the total sample, Hb F was higher in females than in males (8.2 vs. 6.5%). In 35 males who were either homozygous for the Senegal chromosome or had the Senegal/Benin haplotype, the mean percent Hb F (8.0%) was equivalent to the Hb F level in females with Benin and Bantu haplotypes (approximately 7.5%). Both females and males homozygous for the Senegal haplotype chromosome or with the Senegal/Benin combination had a significant increase in Hb F compared to other groups. In 44 Senegal/Senegal or Senegal/Benin females the Hb F was 10.9%, or 1.0 g/dl, the highest value observed in all primary analysis groups. Preliminary analyses suggested that the presence of a Bantu chromosome blunted the gender-associated difference in Hb F, but Hb F differences between females with the Senegal/Benin haplotype (11.2%) and the Senegal/Bantu haplotype (8.8%) were not statistically significant. Hemoglobin concentrations were higher in males than in females except in subjects with at least one Senegal haplotype chromosome, where hemoglobin levels were equal. As expected, alpha @entity2395 reduced the MCV, increased hemoglobin concentration, and lowered reticulocyte counts, regardless of haplotype. Hb F levels were not affected by the presence of alpha @entity2395 in any group. We conclude that gender and beta-globin gene cluster haplotype interact significantly in the modulation of Hb F and @entity417 in adults with SS.

title: Gender and haplotype effects upon hematological manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['adult sickle cell anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is associated with increased risks of developing @entity65 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity1374 is also a known @entity65 factor. In @entity28 patients, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels tend to be higher than in lean controls. The objective of this study was to assess potential associations between serum TSH levels and @entity209 as well as individual components of @entity209 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of @entity28 and @entity2973 @entity1 seen for initial evaluation at the Boston Medical Center weight-management clinic between February 1, 2013 and February 1, 2014. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data including serum TSH, insulin, @entity413 , hemoglobin A1c, and lipid levels were obtained from electronic medical records. Associations between serum TSH levels and presence of @entity209 and its components were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 3,447 @entity1 , 75.6% female and 38% African American, without known @entity1374 , were included. Mean    SD age was 46.74    15.11 years, and mean    SD body mass index was 36.06    9.89 kg/m(2). Among 1,005 @entity1 without missing data, the prevalence of @entity209 was 71.84%. In @entity1 with @entity209 , the median serum TSH was 1.41  IU/mL, compared with 1.36  IU/mL in @entity1 without @entity209 (P = .45). In multivariate models, there was no significant association between serum TSH levels and the presence of @entity209 , adjusting for age, sex, race, education, socioeconomic status, and smoking. There were also no significant associations between serum TSH and individual components of the @entity209 . CONCLUSION: Serum TSH level does not appear to be a potentially modifiable risk factor for @entity209 in @entity28 and @entity2973 individuals. ABBREVIATIONS: BMI = body mass index FT4 = free @entity1955 HDL-C = high-density-lipoprotein @entity165 @entity4051 c = hemoglobin A1c @entity209 = @entity209 SE = standard error TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone.

title: THYROID FUNCTION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'Thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity238 , the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis of the oocyte is dependent on Gurken ( @entity28804 ) protein distribution. This is achieved through the cytoplasmic localization of @entity28804 mRNA and regulation of its translation. During mid-late stages of oogenesis, @entity28804 mRNA and protein are localized to the dorsal-anterior of the oocyte, while unlocalized @entity28804 transcripts are translationally silenced. As females carrying mutations in the gene encoding the CPEB protein @entity64566 lay ventralized eggs due to insufficient @entity28804 levels, it seemed likely that cytoplasmic polyadenylation of @entity28804 transcripts may play a role in their translational regulation. RESULTS: We have found that @entity28804 is polyadenylated throughout oogenesis, with poly(A) tails of approximately 30-50 A residues. Hyperadenylated @entity28804 transcripts, with poly(A) tails of 50-90 As, are detected in late stage egg chambers, but they fail to accumulate in oocytes deficient in @entity64566 or the poly(A) polymerase Wispy ( @entity73235 ). @entity73235 females also lay weakly ventralized eggs, demonstrating that they produce inadequate amounts of @entity28804 . Finally, unlocalized @entity28804 transcripts are also not appropriately hyperadenylated. CONCLUSIONS: Localized cytoplasmic polyadenylation of @entity28804 mRNA by @entity73235 and @entity64566 is necessary to achieve appropriate @entity28804 protein accumulation in the D/A corner of the oocyte during mid to late oogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 244:1276-1285, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Wispy and XXXX cooperate in the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of localized gurken mRNA.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity64566 :: (42752(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Orb']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trigeminal @entity9 is a sudden, severe condition characterized by stabbing and recurrent @entity158 . Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are common surgical interventions used to treat @entity4254 . This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and associated complications of a combination of RFT and PRF in the treatment of @entity4254 . Computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFT of the Gasserian ganglion was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity4254 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to either group A (RFT at 70  C) or group B (RFT at 75  C). @entity1 in each group were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving percutaneous RFT (240 s) with or without PRF (42  C, 2 Hz, 240 s). Six months later, @entity158 relief and complication status were evaluated. There was no significant difference in visual analogue scores among groups with RFT at 70   or 75  C, with or without PRF. Data showed that @entity1183 and postoperative @entity425 recovered more rapidly in @entity1 receiving combined RFT and PRF treatment. Decreased corneal reflex was relieved to a significantly greater extent in groups receiving PRF than those without. Thus, compared to the use of RFT at 75  C alone, the combination of PRF and RFT helped eliminate @entity260 , such as @entity1183 , @entity425 , and decreased corneal reflex, indicating that it could be useful for surgically treating @entity4254 .

title: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency helps relieve @entity260 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['masticatory muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trigeminal @entity9 is a sudden, severe condition characterized by stabbing and recurrent @entity158 . Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) and pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are common surgical interventions used to treat @entity4254 . This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and associated complications of a combination of RFT and PRF in the treatment of @entity4254 . Computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFT of the Gasserian ganglion was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity4254 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to either group A (RFT at 70  C) or group B (RFT at 75  C). @entity1 in each group were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving percutaneous RFT (240 s) with or without PRF (42  C, 2 Hz, 240 s). Six months later, @entity158 relief and complication status were evaluated. There was no significant difference in visual analogue scores among groups with RFT at 70   or 75  C, with or without PRF. Data showed that @entity1183 and postoperative @entity425 recovered more rapidly in @entity1 receiving combined RFT and PRF treatment. Decreased corneal reflex was relieved to a significantly greater extent in groups receiving PRF than those without. Thus, compared to the use of RFT at 75  C alone, the combination of PRF and RFT helped eliminate @entity260 , such as @entity1183 , @entity425 , and decreased corneal reflex, indicating that it could be useful for surgically treating @entity4254 .

title: Radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with pulsed radiofrequency helps relieve XXXX of @entity4254 .

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: Mid-lactation Holstein @entity291 (n = 4) were used to evaluate the effects of complete feed deprivation on circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins (IGFBP). Comparisons were made between @entity291 in fed and unfed conditions and included response to a single injection of @entity291 somatotropin (bST). Two days of feed deprivation decreased milk yield 66%. Concentrations of bST nearly doubled during feed deprivation, whereas @entity413 and insulin steadily decreased. Circulating concentrations of @entity4208 decreased nearly 50%, @entity12304 decreased 28% and @entity21904 increased 49% during the 2 d of feed deprivation. In contrast, @entity37644 was not affected. Eighteen to 24 h after the bST challenge, circulating concentrations of @entity4208 rose 100% during the fed period, but there was no response during the unfed period. Blood concentrations of @entity12304 decreased 17% after bST challenge in the fed period but were unchanged in the unfed period. More moderate undernutrition (80% of requirements) did not affect circulating @entity21904 but did alter the response of @entity21904 to bST. A conceptual model was developed that illustrates that nutritional regulation of the ST/IGF system represents a key component signaling the appropriate use of nutrients. Overall, results demonstrate that nutritional modulation of the ST/IGF system plays a key role in animal performance and well-being over a wide range of physiological situations.

title: Nutritional modulation of the somatotropin/insulin-like growth factor system: response to feed deprivation in lactating XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the influence of @entity1 ' pretreatment characteristics on the adherence-outcome relation in cognitive therapy (CT) for @entity308 . In a sample of 57 @entity308 adults participating in CT, the authors examined interactions between pretreatment @entity1 characteristics and therapist adherence in predicting session-to-session symptom change. METHOD: Using items from the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale, the authors assessed 3 facets of therapist adherence: cognitive methods, negotiating/structuring, and behavioral methods/homework. Two graduate students rated Sessions 1-4 for adherence. Symptoms were assessed prior to each session with the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Moderators were assessed as part of @entity1 ' intake evaluations. RESULTS: After correcting for multiple comparisons, @entity1 gender remained a significant moderator of the relationship between cognitive methods and next-session symptom change; cognitive methods more strongly predicted greater symptom improvement for @entity1 as compared to @entity1 . Pretreatment @entity148 and number of prior @entity308 episodes were significant moderators of the relationship between behavioral methods/homework and next-session symptom change, with greater behavioral methods/homework predicting symptom improvement more strongly among @entity1 high in pretreatment @entity148 and among @entity1 with relatively few prior @entity308 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to provide evidence of how therapist adherence is differentially related to outcome among @entity308 @entity1 with different characteristics. If replicated, these findings may inform clinical decisions regarding the use of specific facets of adherence in CT for @entity308 with specific @entity1 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Identifying moderators of the adherence-outcome relation in cognitive therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity5 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity204 worldwide. A large majority of @entity5 @entity204 result from @entity5 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity5 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity5 's @entity146 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity1 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity8945 , @entity72699 , @entity18075 and @entity18436 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity5962 and @entity13938 ) at the invasive @entity5 front of @entity957 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity5962 , @entity13938 , @entity72699 and @entity8945 between @entity957 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity5962 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity13938 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 in @entity957 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity1 without detectable lymph node @entity3 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity957 and that the co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity1 with poor survival for appropriate @entity1 management.

title: Co-Expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 in XXXX Is Associated with Poor Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity5 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity204 worldwide. A large majority of @entity5 @entity204 result from @entity5 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity5 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity5 's @entity146 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity1 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity8945 , @entity72699 , @entity18075 and @entity18436 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity5962 and @entity13938 ) at the invasive @entity5 front of @entity957 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity5962 , @entity13938 , @entity72699 and @entity8945 between @entity957 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity5962 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity13938 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 in @entity957 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity1 without detectable lymph node @entity3 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity957 and that the co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity1 with poor survival for appropriate @entity1 management.

title: Co-Expression of XXXX and @entity18436 in @entity957 Is Associated with Poor Survival.

answer: @entity8945 :: (7291,Gene) :: ['TWIST1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is an aggressive disease accounting for more than 260,000 @entity5 cases diagnosed and 128,000 @entity204 worldwide. A large majority of @entity5 @entity204 result from @entity5 that have metastasized beyond the primary @entity5 . The relationship between genetic changes and clinical outcome can reflect the biological events that promote @entity5 's @entity146 , and these can serve as molecular markers for improved @entity1 management and survival. To this end, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major process that promotes @entity5 invasion and @entity3 , making EMT-related proteins attractive diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of a panel of transcription factors ( @entity8945 , @entity72699 , @entity18075 and @entity18436 ) and other genes intimately related to EMT ( @entity5962 and @entity13938 ) at the invasive @entity5 front of @entity957 tissues. The association between the expression of these proteins and clinico-pathological parameters were examined with Pearson Chi-square and correlation with survival was analyzed using Kaplan Meier analysis. Our results demonstrate that there was a significant differential expression of @entity5962 , @entity13938 , @entity72699 and @entity8945 between @entity957 and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Specifically, @entity5962 loss was significantly associated with Broder's grading, while diffused @entity13938 was similarly associated with non-cohesive pattern of invasion. Notably, co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 in @entity957 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival, particularly in @entity1 without detectable lymph node @entity3 . This study demonstrates that EMT-related proteins are differentially expressed in @entity957 and that the co-expression of @entity8945 and @entity18436 could be of clinical value in identifying @entity1 with poor survival for appropriate @entity1 management.

title: Co-Expression of @entity8945 and XXXX in @entity957 Is Associated with Poor Survival.

answer: @entity18436 :: (9839,Gene) :: ['ZEB2']


abstract: During allograft rejection, adhesion molecules play an integral role in infiltration, activation, and binding of effector cells to target tissue. Some adhesion molecules, including @entity2071 and @entity4725 , exist in soluble, circulating forms that retain ligand-binding activity. In the present study the levels of circulating @entity2071 (cICAM-1) and @entity4725 (cVCAM-1) were compared in the serum and bile of pediatric liver recipients. The cICAM-1 was significantly elevated in the serum during allograft rejection and @entity281 relative to periods when no rejection was apparent. Biliary cICAM-1, however, was specifically elevated during rejection and not during @entity281 or when no rejection was apparent. The cVCAM-1 levels were elevated in the serum during rejection compared with levels when no rejection was evident. In contrast, cVCAM-1 was not detected in the bile. Serum levels of both cICAM-1 and cVCAM-1 decreased rapidly following successful treatment for rejection, whereas elevated levels persisted, or increased, in ongoing rejection. The differential patterns of the circulating forms of @entity2071 and cVCAM-1 were consistent with the membrane expression of these molecules during graft rejection. @entity2071 expression was extensive on bile duct epithelium, endothelium, hepatocytes, and infiltrating leukocytes during rejection, while @entity4725 was restricted to endothelium. These findings indicate that the release of circulating adhesion molecules is a prominent feature of liver allograft rejection. Measurement of these markers may be useful in distinguishing rejection from @entity281 and in determining the efficacy of treatment for rejection.

title: Differential patterns of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( XXXX (cVCAM-1) during liver allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['cICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of @entity295 . Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and @entity1 , we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male @entity35 (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and @entity1505 determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated @entity35 had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. @entity1505 levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated @entity35 at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and @entity651 in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased @entity842 in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['total lung injury']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric Oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: @entity842 (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of @entity295 . Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and @entity1 , we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male @entity35 (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and @entity1505 determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated @entity35 had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. @entity1505 levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated @entity35 at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and @entity651 in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Increased XXXX in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of @entity295 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Chronic intrauterine monitoring of electrocortical activity, eye movements, and electromyographic activity of the nuchal muscles has permitted the use of established polygraphic criteria to study the ontogenetic development of organized sleep-wake patterns in the fetal lamb in utero. Sixty-five polygraphic recordings obtained from 21 fetal @entity742 ranging from 112 to 144 days of gestation (term = 145 days) were analyzed. The results show that the transition from disorganized to organized behavioral state patterns occurs at approximately 115-120 days (0.8 term). The physiologic characteristics of the arousal, quiet sleep (QS), and @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) states are qualitatively similar to those in the adult. There is initially a high proportion of @entity1949 (greater than 50%), with only 11% time spent in arousal. The direct transition from arousal to @entity1949 without a QS period is frequently seen in the fetus at all ages. Quantitative changes in the distribution of behavioral states continue throughout gestation. There is a significant decrease in the incidence of @entity1949 , with a small increase in arousal and QS. The duration of QS and @entity1949 episodes increases with age until a steady level is achieved by 130 days. There is also an increase in the frequency of occurrence of arousal periods, with no change in episode duration.

title: Prenatal development of sleep-wake patterns in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep', 'REMS']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical course of all @entity1 with @entity977 treated at the Radiation Oncology Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri. Of 212 @entity1 treated from April 1954 through December 1982, 70 were treated with radiotherapy alone (XRT), 121 began immediate post-operative XRT (2-6 weeks) and 20 received XRT following surgical failure. Several sub-groups of @entity652 were identified and analyzed, including secreting versus non-secreting @entity652 (33.0% secreting) and by clinical syndrome; 27% with @entity2588 / @entity6726 , 18.4% acromegalic, @entity699 in 6.1% and 3.3% with @entity2014 . The median follow-up time from the data of diagnosis for those @entity1 alive at the time of last follow-up was 11.9 years (range 3.0 to 30.0 years). Actuarial overall and disease-free survival was analyzed up to 25 years. The 10-year overall and disease-free survival was 77.8 and 75.3% for those @entity1 treated with XRT alone, 86.4 and 87.2% for those treated with immediate post-operative XRT and 100.0 and 87.5% for those who were irradiated after surgical failure. Complications related directly to XRT occurred in only five @entity1 . One @entity1 had documented central nervous system radionecrosis, two had @entity227 , and @entity5 necrosis with @entity548 occurred in the other two @entity1 . In conclusion, overall survival for all @entity1 did not significantly differ from an age, sex and race matched population. Control of @entity66 was greater for those @entity1 receiving surgery and post-operative XRT than for those receiving XRT only. XRT salvage of surgical failures was possible. Treatment with XRT results in a low complication rate.

title: Results of surgery and irradiation or irradiation alone for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual complications']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Effective palliation of @entity5 with conventional 10 or 12 French gauge straight @entity691 endoprostheses is limited by @entity432 , which typically occurs four to five months after insertion. Short term follow up studies of self expanding metal stents (Wallstent, Schneider, UK) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 have shown that their use is associated with fewer episodes of @entity432 compared with plastic stents. There are few data, however, on the longterm patency and durability of metal stents in @entity5 . Between May 1989 and May 1992, metal stents were inserted in 28 @entity1 with @entity1157 strictures secondary to ampullary @entity5 (n = 10), @entity3123 (n = 10), @entity201 (n = 7), and porta hepatis nodes from @entity14 (n = 1). The follow up of these @entity1 until May 1993 is reported with a median follow up of 14.6 months. Twenty two of 28 (78.6%) @entity1 remained free of @entity1087 or @entity255 . The median period of stent patency was 8.2 months (range 1.0-32.5). Thirteen @entity1 represented with @entity1087 or @entity255 and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed evidence of @entity432 due to @entity5 ingrowth. Successful clearance of metal stents was achieved by balloon trawling, or insertion of a @entity691 stent. In conclusion, metal stents provide improved longterm palliation for @entity1 with @entity5 with fewer episodes of @entity432 compared with conventional stents.

title: A three year follow up of self expanding metal stents in the endoscopic palliation of longterm survivors with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignant biliary strictures', 'malignant biliary obstruction', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bile duct']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['stent occlusion', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary obstruction']


abstract: @entity9615 is a marker of progression in @entity320 . Previously we reported that @entity1 @entity320 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity3 had increased alpha v @entity1093 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity4732 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity1093 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity1093 and the @entity2290 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity3 -derived @entity320 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity1093 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity10431 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity320 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity4732 . When @entity10431 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity10431 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity1093 receptor on the @entity320 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity10431 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity10431 in metastatic @entity320 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity4732 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the @entity4732 receptor and the @entity2290 receptor in metastatic XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPAR', 'urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity9615 :: ('3685', 'Gene') :: ['Integrin alpha v beta 3']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity9615 is a marker of progression in @entity320 . Previously we reported that @entity1 @entity320 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity3 had increased alpha v @entity1093 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity4732 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity1093 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity1093 and the @entity2290 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity3 -derived @entity320 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity1093 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity10431 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity320 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity4732 . When @entity10431 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity10431 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity1093 receptor on the @entity320 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity10431 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity10431 in metastatic @entity320 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity4732 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the XXXX receptor and the @entity2290 receptor in metastatic @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity4732 :: (7448,Gene) :: ['vitronectin']


abstract: @entity9615 is a marker of progression in @entity320 . Previously we reported that @entity1 @entity320 cells derived from regional lymph node @entity3 had increased alpha v @entity1093 -mediated adhesion to lymph node @entity4732 . In the present study, the expression and function of @entity1093 were further investigated with emphasis on the functional relationship between @entity1093 and the @entity2290 system of proteolysis. We found that @entity3 -derived @entity320 MeWo LNI 6I (6I) and MIM/8 LNI cells had a markedly increased expression of alpha v mRNA transcripts relative to the parent lines which was reflected in significantly elevated levels of the alpha v @entity1093 heterodimers on the cell surface. These cells also expressed elevated levels of @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) mRNA and had higher levels of surface bound urokinase plasminogen activator as detected by immunolabeling. To determine whether the expression of @entity10431 and alpha v were linked, alpha v synthesis in the metastatic @entity320 cells was suppressed using alpha v antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. This resulted in a marked decrease in detectable alpha v mRNA and protein and a corresponding substratum-specific reduction in cell adhesion to @entity4732 . When @entity10431 expression in these cells was subsequently analyzed, we found a reduction of approximately 50% in @entity10431 mRNA levels. On the other hand, ligation of the alpha v @entity1093 receptor on the @entity320 cells by immobilized antibody resulted in a twofold increase in @entity10431 mRNA. The results suggest that the expression of @entity10431 in metastatic @entity320 cells is linked to the expression and function of the @entity4732 receptor.

title: Coordinated expression of the @entity4732 receptor and the XXXX receptor in metastatic @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity2290 :: (5328,Gene) :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator']


abstract: The @entity19461 consists of @entity22212 with @entity154 . No single pathophysiologic hypothesis accounts for all aspects of the syndrome. We present six cases which manifest a very broad spectrum of associated @entity16 . Postmortem examination was performed on two cases. Midline @entity3308 @entity39 was evident in one while the other had subtle @entity3308 . The four other @entity1 have demonstrated fixed deficits on follow-up examinations. Improvement in @entity3308 evoked potential waveforms has occurred in three cases, but the significance is uncertain. Many of the cases were delivered by caesarean section because of failure of labor to progress, and had associated @entity2978 and @entity8482 . These features suggest that a defect is established in utero. Only one @entity1 , born prematurely, may have suffered some perinatal @entity3308 insult. @entity22212 is a heterogenetic entity which can affect the nervous system in many different ways.

title: The spectrum of @entity22212 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['associated anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem hypoplasia', 'brainstem']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity19461 :: ('MESH:C535807', 'Disease') :: ['Moebius syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity22212 :: ('MESH:C531747', 'Disease') :: ['congenital facial diplegia', 'Congenital facial diplegia']

answer: @entity19461 :: (MESH:C535807,Disease) :: ['Moebius syndrome']


abstract: The @entity19461 consists of @entity22212 with @entity154 . No single pathophysiologic hypothesis accounts for all aspects of the syndrome. We present six cases which manifest a very broad spectrum of associated @entity16 . Postmortem examination was performed on two cases. Midline @entity3308 @entity39 was evident in one while the other had subtle @entity3308 . The four other @entity1 have demonstrated fixed deficits on follow-up examinations. Improvement in @entity3308 evoked potential waveforms has occurred in three cases, but the significance is uncertain. Many of the cases were delivered by caesarean section because of failure of labor to progress, and had associated @entity2978 and @entity8482 . These features suggest that a defect is established in utero. Only one @entity1 , born prematurely, may have suffered some perinatal @entity3308 insult. @entity22212 is a heterogenetic entity which can affect the nervous system in many different ways.

title: The spectrum of XXXX ( @entity19461 ).

answer: @entity22212 :: (MESH:C531747,Disease) :: ['congenital facial diplegia']


abstract: The results of several randomized trials suggest a marginal survival benefit for @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 after treatment with chemotherapy. This intervention, however, has not become standard therapy. @entity137 , cost, and inconvenience have led many physicians to question whether chemotherapy has even a palliative role in this disease. Furthermore, it is well established that @entity1 with a poor performance status, who are most in need of symptomatic palliation, are also those who are least likely to benefit and most likely to experience treatment-related @entity137 . Nonetheless, evidence of a symptomatic benefit from combination chemotherapy has been presented. Indeed, symptomatic palliation can result even in the absence of a conventionally defined chemotherapy-induced response. Phase III trials supporting the palliative value of chemotherapy, however, have been limited and inconclusive. Fortunately, other palliative treatment modalities exist. These interventions should be carefully integrated with chemotherapy when an overall treatment plan appropriate for an individual @entity1 is being developed. In addition to the symptomatic needs of each individual, this treatment plan must also address both physician and @entity1 biases.

title: Palliative chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity991 and @entity2835 are chronic cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically. Destructive @entity255 occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in two large groups of @entity1 prospectively selected by predefined criteria. @entity2835 (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged @entity1 who were usually symptomatic with @entity1295 and @entity111 , commonly had @entity9849 sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer. Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted. Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In contrast, @entity991 (n = 60) occurred primarily in young @entity1 who were usually symptomatic with @entity1295 and @entity111 and frequently had chronic @entity31 . Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in @entity2835 . Likewise, biochemical tests of @entity920 metabolism were similar in both syndromes. These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis for a rational diagnostic strategy.

title: Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of XXXX and @entity2835 .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: @entity991 and @entity2835 are chronic cholestatic syndromes that may be difficult to differentiate clinically. Destructive @entity255 occurs in both diseases and leads to similar clinical and biochemical abnormalities. Therefore, we compared the clinical, biochemical, immunologic, radiologic, and hepatic histologic features of these syndromes in two large groups of @entity1 prospectively selected by predefined criteria. @entity2835 (n = 258) occurred predominantly in middle-aged @entity1 who were usually symptomatic with @entity1295 and @entity111 , commonly had @entity9849 sicca, and often were hyperpigmented. Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were always positive, usually in very high titer. Although the extrahepatic bile ducts were normal radiographically, smooth tapering and narrowing of the intrahepatic bile ducts was occasionally noted. Hepatic histology was diagnostic when a florid duct lesion was present. In contrast, @entity991 (n = 60) occurred primarily in young @entity1 who were usually symptomatic with @entity1295 and @entity111 and frequently had chronic @entity31 . Tests for antimitochondrial antibodies were nearly always negative and cholangiography demonstrated abnormalities of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts in all cases. Although hepatic histology was often compatible with the diagnosis, it was usually not diagnostic, and considerable overlap existed with the abnormalities seen in @entity2835 . Likewise, biochemical tests of @entity920 metabolism were similar in both syndromes. These results call attention to the differences and similarities in the clinicopathologic features of these two cholestatic syndromes and provide a basis for a rational diagnostic strategy.

title: Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of @entity991 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity7 / @entity7 is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to @entity7499 by both direct and indirect mechanisms. On the one hand, @entity7 / @entity7 stimulates the ECs lining nearby microvessels to proliferate, to migrate, and to alter their pattern of gene expression. On the other hand, @entity7 / @entity7 renders these same microvascular ECs hyperpermeable so that they spill plasma proteins into the extravascular space, leading to the clotting of extravasated fibrinogen with deposition of a fibrin gel. Extravascular fibrin serves as a provisional matrix that favors and supports the ingrowth of new blood vessels and other mesenchymal cells that generate mature, vascularized stroma. These same principles apply in @entity5 , in several examples of non-neoplastic pathology, and in physiological processes that involve @entity7499 and new stroma generation. In all of these examples, @entity11924 and the introduction of a provisional, plasma-derived matrix precede and accompany the onset of EC division and new blood vessel formation. It would seem, therefore, that @entity5 have "borrowed" fundamental mechanisms that developed in multicellular organisms for purposes of tissue defense, renewal, and repair. @entity7 / @entity7 , therefore has taught us something new about @entity7499 ; namely, that @entity455 and consequent plasma protein extravasation are important, perhaps essential, elements in its generation. However, this finding raises a paradox. While @entity7 / @entity7 induces @entity455 , other potent angiogenic factors apparently do not, at least in subtoxic concentrations that are more than sufficient to induce @entity7499 . Nonetheless, wherever @entity7499 has been studied, the newly generated vessels have been found to be hyperpermeable. How, therefore, do angiogenic factors other than @entity7 / @entity7 lead to the formation of new and leaky blood vessels? We do not as yet have a complete answer to this question. One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating the expression of @entity7 / @entity7 . In fact, there is already one clear example of this. @entity7790 is a potent angiogenic factor but does not itself increase microvascular permeability. However, @entity7790 strikingly upregulates @entity7 / @entity7 expression in cultured keratinocytes and is thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the overexpression of @entity7 / @entity7 in @entity1569 . Moreover, overexpression of @entity7790 , along with that of the EGF receptor with which it interacts, is characteristic of many @entity5 , raising the possibility that @entity7790 acts to stimulate @entity7 / @entity7 expression in other types of epithelial cells and in this manner induces @entity7499 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, XXXX , and @entity7499 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hyperpermeability']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11924 :: ('MESH:D017566', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular hyperpermeability']

answer: @entity11924 :: (MESH:D017566,Disease) :: ['microvascular hyperpermeability']


abstract: @entity7 / @entity7 is a multifunctional cytokine that contributes to @entity7499 by both direct and indirect mechanisms. On the one hand, @entity7 / @entity7 stimulates the ECs lining nearby microvessels to proliferate, to migrate, and to alter their pattern of gene expression. On the other hand, @entity7 / @entity7 renders these same microvascular ECs hyperpermeable so that they spill plasma proteins into the extravascular space, leading to the clotting of extravasated fibrinogen with deposition of a fibrin gel. Extravascular fibrin serves as a provisional matrix that favors and supports the ingrowth of new blood vessels and other mesenchymal cells that generate mature, vascularized stroma. These same principles apply in @entity5 , in several examples of non-neoplastic pathology, and in physiological processes that involve @entity7499 and new stroma generation. In all of these examples, @entity11924 and the introduction of a provisional, plasma-derived matrix precede and accompany the onset of EC division and new blood vessel formation. It would seem, therefore, that @entity5 have "borrowed" fundamental mechanisms that developed in multicellular organisms for purposes of tissue defense, renewal, and repair. @entity7 / @entity7 , therefore has taught us something new about @entity7499 ; namely, that @entity455 and consequent plasma protein extravasation are important, perhaps essential, elements in its generation. However, this finding raises a paradox. While @entity7 / @entity7 induces @entity455 , other potent angiogenic factors apparently do not, at least in subtoxic concentrations that are more than sufficient to induce @entity7499 . Nonetheless, wherever @entity7499 has been studied, the newly generated vessels have been found to be hyperpermeable. How, therefore, do angiogenic factors other than @entity7 / @entity7 lead to the formation of new and leaky blood vessels? We do not as yet have a complete answer to this question. One possibility is that at least some angiogenic factors mediate their effect by inducing or stimulating the expression of @entity7 / @entity7 . In fact, there is already one clear example of this. @entity7790 is a potent angiogenic factor but does not itself increase microvascular permeability. However, @entity7790 strikingly upregulates @entity7 / @entity7 expression in cultured keratinocytes and is thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the overexpression of @entity7 / @entity7 in @entity1569 . Moreover, overexpression of @entity7790 , along with that of the EGF receptor with which it interacts, is characteristic of many @entity5 , raising the possibility that @entity7790 acts to stimulate @entity7 / @entity7 expression in other types of epithelial cells and in this manner induces @entity7499 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, @entity11924 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity7499 :: (MESH:D016510,Disease) :: ['angiogenesis']


abstract: A @entity1 with @entity189 of the colon developed @entity3 to the penis and @entity4265 . These two organs are rare locations for @entity3 and the concurrent involvement of both sites has not been previously described. Our @entity1 and the results of a literature review are presented. Two hundred eighteen cases of penile and 37 separate cases of epididymal @entity3 were identified. The genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts were the predominant sites of the primary @entity5 . Presenting symptoms, the interval between diagnoses of the primary and metastatic lesions, and the therapy of the penile/epididymal deposits varied greatly. Surgical excision is the major mode of therapy; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be beneficial in selected cases. Survival among these @entity1 is poor due to the presence in most @entity1 of widespread @entity3 in addition to their genital lesions. However, instances of prolonged survival are noted in both groups. @entity1 characteristics and possible mechanisms of metastatic spread to the genitals are discussed.

title: XXXX of the penis and epididymis: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right epididymis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Secondary malignancies']


abstract: The adequacy and convenience of the digital-subtraction angiographic procedure by means of a Diasonics DF100 as an investigation in @entity455 were assessed over a nine-month period in 82 sequential renal artery studies, of which 76 were carried out in @entity1 referred for the investigation of @entity101 . Contrast medium was injected as a bolus by way of a centrally placed venous catheter, or a small (5 French size or smaller) arterial catheter. @entity1 tolerated the procedure well, and were fully mobile within 10 minutes to one hour (venous injection) and within two hours (arterial injection) after the procedure. Of the 82 studies, nine were judged as inadequate. All technical failures occurred with the venous injection technique. Of the 76 @entity1 with @entity101 , the main renal artery was judged as normal in 61. @entity8 were demonstrated in 15 studies (13 @entity1 ). Renal vein @entity916 studies, and the clinical or postoperative course supported the diagnosis of @entity2792 in 11 of these. @entity8 is a useful investigation in suspected @entity2792 . Its major advantage over conventional angiography is that it can be performed on an outpatient basis.

title: Renal artery digital-subtraction angiography. An outpatient investigation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Digital-subtraction angiography of the renal artery', 'Renal artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: To study the macula densa mechanism for renin release, both the macula densa and the haemodynamic mechanisms were activated in anaesthetized @entity235 with denervated kidneys, either by renal arterial constriction to a renal arterial pressure (RAP) of 52 +/- 2 mmHg or by @entity432 to a ureteral pressure of 95-105 mmHg, 20-25 mmHg below RAP. Renal arterial constriction increased renin release from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 16 +/- 4 micrograms AI min-1. At low RAP, renin release was subsequently reduced to 7 +/- 3 micrograms AI min-1 when @entity1372 excretion was raised far above control values by plasma volume expansion and @entity3791 infusion. @entity7734 (3 mg kg-1 body wt.) restored renin release to pre-expansion values, and a large dose (25 mg kg-1 body wt.) prevented renin release from falling even after unclamping the artery. During @entity432 with stopped glomerular filtration, plasma volume expansion, @entity3791 and @entity7734 infusion did not alter renin release. On the other hand, beta-adrenergic stimulation by @entity3044 raised renin release equally (by 30-40 micrograms AI min-1) before and after plasma volume expansion, during both renal arterial constriction and @entity432 . @entity3352 (10 mg kg-1 body wt.) abolished renin release induced by @entity7734 infusion and @entity432 . We conclude that the macula densa mechanism for renin release is inactivated by high @entity1219 reabsorption during plasma volume expansion and @entity3791 infusion, reactivated by inhibition of @entity1219 reabsorption with @entity7734 and completely inhibited by @entity3352 . The degree of activation does not influence the renin release induced by beta-adrenergic stimulation.

title: Properties of the macula densa mechanism for renin release in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity7734 :: ('MESH:D004976', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethacrynic acid', 'ethacrynic acid']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity731 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity1 with @entity731 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity1 with severe @entity453 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity141 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity141 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity9554 and @entity3623 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity7792 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity3623 . Megakaryocytes from @entity1 with @entity731 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity3623 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity7792 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity9554 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity1 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity9554 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity3623 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity9554 expression, and no @entity3623 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity3623 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity3623 in the megakaryocyte and @entity731 .

title: Megakaryocytes from @entity1 with XXXX express the inducible @entity842 synthase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity731 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity1 with @entity731 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity1 with severe @entity453 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity141 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity141 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity9554 and @entity3623 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity7792 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity3623 . Megakaryocytes from @entity1 with @entity731 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity3623 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity7792 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity9554 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity1 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity9554 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity3623 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity9554 expression, and no @entity3623 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity3623 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity3623 in the megakaryocyte and @entity731 .

title: Megakaryocytes from @entity1 with @entity453 express the inducible XXXX synthase.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Endothelial and platelet generation of @entity842 (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of hemostasis. Alterations in NO biosynthesis are described in @entity731 . We have investigated the NO pathway in megakaryocytes and platelets from @entity1 with @entity731 and age-matched control subjects. Megakaryocytes and platelets were isolated from @entity1 with severe @entity453 (n = 19) and normal coronary arteries (n = 9) as demonstrated by selective angiography. Constitutive ( @entity141 -dependent) and inducible ( @entity141 -independent) NO synthase ( @entity9554 and @entity3623 , respectively) activities were measured by using the @entity7792 assay and by immunostaining techniques using an anti-peptide antibody to @entity3623 . Megakaryocytes from @entity1 with @entity731 expressed significantly greater amounts of @entity3623 (1.28 +/- 0.46 pmol @entity7792 .mg-1.min-1) than @entity9554 (0.29 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). In contrast, megakaryocytes from @entity1 with normal coronary arteries expressed significantly more @entity9554 (1.48 +/- 0.23 pmol.mg-1.min-1) than @entity3623 (0.49 +/- 0.40 pmol.mg-1.min-1). Platelets isolated from both groups showed no significant difference in @entity9554 expression, and no @entity3623 was seen in either group. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of the @entity3623 in megakaryocytes. These results suggest there is a link between the expression of @entity3623 in the megakaryocyte and @entity731 .

title: Megakaryocytes from XXXX with @entity453 express the inducible @entity842 synthase.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of positive post-radiotherapy biopsies has been reported, the range is considerable (19-93%) and depends partly on @entity1 -selection criteria. In addition, the prognostic significance of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and @entity1486 (PSA) used alone and in combination in predicting @entity5 after radiotherapy has yet to be determined. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies were performed on 31 unselected @entity1 with @entity263 34-77 months (mean, 51 months) after definitive external beam radiotherapy was completed. Biopsy results were compared for pre- and posttreatment parameters (clinical stage, grade, PSA, and TRUS). RESULTS: In 22 @entity1 (71%), @entity5 was detected histologically by biopsy. All but one @entity1 (12/13, 92%) with a pretherapy PSA value greater than 10 ng/mL had a positive biopsy compared with 50% of those (7/14) with a pretherapy PSA value less than or equal to 10 (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, a positive biopsy was noted for 15 of 16 @entity1 (94%) with a PSA value greater than 2 and in 20 of 23 (87%) of those with abnormal TRUS findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most clinically useful model for predicting histologically identifiable @entity5 was either a serum PSA value greater than 2 or a PSA value less than or equal to 2 and abnormal TRUS findings. The positive and negative predictive values of the model were 84% and 83%, respectively. The model predicted biopsy results correctly in 26 of 31 @entity1 (84%). Transrectal ultrasonography is recommended as a diagnostic tool for @entity1 whose PSA level ranges from a detectable level to less than or equal to 2 ng/mL.

title: @entity263 after external radiotherapy. Role of XXXX and transrectal ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of positive post-radiotherapy biopsies has been reported, the range is considerable (19-93%) and depends partly on @entity1 -selection criteria. In addition, the prognostic significance of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and @entity1486 (PSA) used alone and in combination in predicting @entity5 after radiotherapy has yet to be determined. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies were performed on 31 unselected @entity1 with @entity263 34-77 months (mean, 51 months) after definitive external beam radiotherapy was completed. Biopsy results were compared for pre- and posttreatment parameters (clinical stage, grade, PSA, and TRUS). RESULTS: In 22 @entity1 (71%), @entity5 was detected histologically by biopsy. All but one @entity1 (12/13, 92%) with a pretherapy PSA value greater than 10 ng/mL had a positive biopsy compared with 50% of those (7/14) with a pretherapy PSA value less than or equal to 10 (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, a positive biopsy was noted for 15 of 16 @entity1 (94%) with a PSA value greater than 2 and in 20 of 23 (87%) of those with abnormal TRUS findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The most clinically useful model for predicting histologically identifiable @entity5 was either a serum PSA value greater than 2 or a PSA value less than or equal to 2 and abnormal TRUS findings. The positive and negative predictive values of the model were 84% and 83%, respectively. The model predicted biopsy results correctly in 26 of 31 @entity1 (84%). Transrectal ultrasonography is recommended as a diagnostic tool for @entity1 whose PSA level ranges from a detectable level to less than or equal to 2 ng/mL.

title: XXXX after external radiotherapy. Role of @entity1486 and transrectal ultrasonography.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Detection of residual prostate cancer']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 cells to 50 mM @entity4571 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity857 - @entity13338 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity12820 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity19 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity1388 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4571 reversed the loss of @entity1388 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4571 in @entity19 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity1388 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4571 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity12820 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4571 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity12820 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4571 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity12820 . The capacity of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity12820 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity1880 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity857 -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of @entity12820 in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of XXXX -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide', 'nicotinamide']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 cells to 50 mM @entity4571 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity857 - @entity13338 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity12820 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity19 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity1388 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4571 reversed the loss of @entity1388 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4571 in @entity19 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity1388 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4571 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity12820 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4571 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity12820 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4571 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity12820 . The capacity of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity12820 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity1880 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of @entity12820 in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

answer: @entity857 :: (MESH:D000244,Chemical) :: ['ADP']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 cells to 50 mM @entity4571 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity857 - @entity13338 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity12820 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity19 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity1388 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4571 reversed the loss of @entity1388 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4571 in @entity19 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity1388 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4571 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity12820 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4571 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity12820 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4571 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity12820 . The capacity of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity12820 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity1880 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity857 -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of XXXX in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

answer: @entity12820 :: (14683(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Gs alpha']


abstract: The renal proximal tubule is a main target for drug-induced @entity137 . The prediction of proximal @entity137 during drug development remains difficult. Any in vitro methods based on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal cells had not been developed, so far. Here, we developed a rapid 1-step protocol for the differentiation of @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into proximal tubular-like cells. These proximal tubular-like cells had a purity of >90% after 8 days of differentiation and could be directly applied for compound screening. The nephrotoxicity prediction performance of the cells was determined by evaluating their responses to 30 compounds. The results were automatically determined using a machine learning algorithm called random forest. In this way, proximal @entity137 in @entity1 could be predicted with 99.8% training accuracy and 87.0% test accuracy. Further, we studied the underlying mechanisms of injury and drug-induced cellular pathways in these hiPSC-derived renal cells, and the results were in agreement with @entity1 and animal data. Our methods will enable the development of personalized or disease-specific hiPSC-based renal in vitro models for compound screening and nephrotoxicity prediction.

title: Prediction of drug-induced nephrotoxicity and injury mechanisms with XXXX induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and machine learning methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'tubular toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning alpha beta heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell @entity242 (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated @entity5 of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are @entity980 ( @entity980 ), @entity6012 [(G)NB], primitive peripheral @entity5 (pPNET) and @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of @entity10483 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of @entity10483 and beta 4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the @entity242 studied were consistently @entity10483 +, beta 4-, alpha 2-. Four of nine @entity980 were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one @entity980 was alpha 5+ throughout and three @entity980 were focally alpha 5+. Three @entity980 expressed the alpha 6 and alpha v chains. In contrast to @entity980 , pPNET and @entity2828 , all of which were alpha 1-, alpha 3-, (G)NB were alpha 3+ and frequently co-expressed alpha 1. The eight pPNET and seven @entity2828 studied showed a similarly restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of @entity10483 in nearly all cases. In summary, @entity980 were @entity10483 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3- and heterogeneously expressed alpha 5 and alpha 6. (G)NB were generally @entity10483 +, alpha 1+, alpha 3+, alpha 5-, alpha 6-. pPNET and @entity2828 were @entity10483 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3-, alpha 5+, alpha 6-. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and @entity2828 .

title: Differential expression of @entity10483 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in XXXX of the small, round, blue cell category.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcomas", 'ES']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Integrins are a large and complex family of membrane spanning alpha beta heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins mediating cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions. Small, round, blue cell @entity242 (SRBCS) are a group of poorly differentiated @entity5 of various and in part uncertain histogenesis displaying similar cytomorphology. Among them are @entity980 ( @entity980 ), @entity6012 [(G)NB], primitive peripheral @entity5 (pPNET) and @entity2828 ( @entity2828 ). Thirty-two SRBCS were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of @entity10483 , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in situ. We found complex and to some extent differential patterns of @entity10483 and beta 4 integrin subunit expression in different types of SRBCS: all of the @entity242 studied were consistently @entity10483 +, beta 4-, alpha 2-. Four of nine @entity980 were completely negative for all other integrin subunits studied while one @entity980 was alpha 5+ throughout and three @entity980 were focally alpha 5+. Three @entity980 expressed the alpha 6 and alpha v chains. In contrast to @entity980 , pPNET and @entity2828 , all of which were alpha 1-, alpha 3-, (G)NB were alpha 3+ and frequently co-expressed alpha 1. The eight pPNET and seven @entity2828 studied showed a similarly restricted integrin profile that was limited to the expression of @entity10483 in nearly all cases. In summary, @entity980 were @entity10483 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3- and heterogeneously expressed alpha 5 and alpha 6. (G)NB were generally @entity10483 +, alpha 1+, alpha 3+, alpha 5-, alpha 6-. pPNET and @entity2828 were @entity10483 +, alpha 1-, alpha 3-, alpha 5+, alpha 6-. The data illustrate a complex expression pattern of various integrins in SRBCS, a differential expression pattern of some of the integrin subunits among different types of SRBCS and almost identical integrin profiles in pPNET and @entity2828 .

title: Differential expression of XXXX , beta 3 and beta 4 integrins in @entity242 of the small, round, blue cell category.

answer: @entity10483 :: (10678,Gene) :: ['beta 1']


abstract: From 1987 until 1993 a total of 337 @entity1 underwent a therapy for tubal pregnancy at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the University of Kiel. The percentage of cases treated by tubal-preserving @entity5515 and subsequent extraction of the conceptus, increased from 59% in 1987 to 88% in 1993. In 6.5% a second look pelviscopy was performed for suspected remnants of trophoblastic tissue. Remaining trophoblastic cells can be recognised by serial determination of serum beta-hCG titers postoperatively. However, the interval of the postoperative beta-hCG decline reveals considerable interindividual variation. A regression following the "Cox Proportional Hazard" model shows that the period of the beta-hCG decline depends on the initial titer. The Kaplan Meier curve obtained via beta-hCG determination in 98 @entity1 following @entity5515 until values reached 20 mIU/ml or less, shows that 50% of the @entity1 had to be controlled for more than 7 days, 10% for more than 28 days and individual @entity1 even for more than 70 days. The relative beta-hCG titers differ significantly from the unresolved group compared to the group with resolved ectopic pregnancy starting at postoperative day 2 (p < 0.01). At postoperative day 3/4 10% of the initial beta-hCG value is attained in 50% of cases. Even then a serial beta-hCG follow-up should be obtained down to the detection limit to ensure complete resolution of viable trophoblastic cells.

title: [Follow-up of beta-hCG after XXXX for therapy of tubal pregnancy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['pelviscopic linear salpingotomy']

answer: @entity5515 :: (MESH:D017499,Disease) :: ['pelviscopic linear salpingotomy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrauterine @entity32 is recognized as a key mediator of both normal and preterm birth but is also associated with neonatal @entity16 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to stimulate inflammatory pathways in animal models of @entity32 -induced @entity3152 ; however, inconsistencies in maternal and neonatal responses to LPS are frequently reported. We hypothesized that LPS serotype-specific responses may account for a portion of these inconsistencies. Four different @entity526 LPS serotypes (O111:B4, O55:B5, O127:B8, and O128:B12) were administered to CD1 @entity19 via intrauterine injection at day 16 of gestation. Although control ( @entity4613 -buffered saline)-treated animals were delivered at term approximately 60      15 hours postinjection (p.i.), those administered with O111:B4 were delivered 7    2 hours p.i., O55:B5 were delivered 10    3 hours p.i., O127:B8 were delivered 16    10 hours p.i., and O128:B12 were delivered 17    2 hours p.i. (data are given as means    SD). A correlation between the onset of preterm birth and myometrial activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, @entity9829 , but not NF-kB was observed. Specific LPS serotypes induced differential activation of downstream contractile and inflammatory pathways in both myometrium and neonatal pup brain. Our findings demonstrate functional disparity in inflammatory pathway activation in response to differing LPS serotypes. This may account for some reported differences in models of @entity32 -induced @entity3152 . Selective use of LPS serotypes may represent a useful tool for targeting specific inflammatory response mechanisms in these models.

title: Specific Lipopolysaccharide Serotypes Induce Differential Maternal and Neonatal Inflammatory Responses in a @entity19 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'infection/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['Preterm Labor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrauterine @entity32 is recognized as a key mediator of both normal and preterm birth but is also associated with neonatal @entity16 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is often used to stimulate inflammatory pathways in animal models of @entity32 -induced @entity3152 ; however, inconsistencies in maternal and neonatal responses to LPS are frequently reported. We hypothesized that LPS serotype-specific responses may account for a portion of these inconsistencies. Four different @entity526 LPS serotypes (O111:B4, O55:B5, O127:B8, and O128:B12) were administered to CD1 @entity19 via intrauterine injection at day 16 of gestation. Although control ( @entity4613 -buffered saline)-treated animals were delivered at term approximately 60      15 hours postinjection (p.i.), those administered with O111:B4 were delivered 7    2 hours p.i., O55:B5 were delivered 10    3 hours p.i., O127:B8 were delivered 16    10 hours p.i., and O128:B12 were delivered 17    2 hours p.i. (data are given as means    SD). A correlation between the onset of preterm birth and myometrial activation of the inflammatory transcription factor, @entity9829 , but not NF-kB was observed. Specific LPS serotypes induced differential activation of downstream contractile and inflammatory pathways in both myometrium and neonatal pup brain. Our findings demonstrate functional disparity in inflammatory pathway activation in response to differing LPS serotypes. This may account for some reported differences in models of @entity32 -induced @entity3152 . Selective use of LPS serotypes may represent a useful tool for targeting specific inflammatory response mechanisms in these models.

title: Specific Lipopolysaccharide Serotypes Induce Differential Maternal and Neonatal Inflammatory Responses in a XXXX Model of @entity3152 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerability of a four-drug chemotherapy regimen combined with interferon alpha (IFN) in @entity320 . Between March 1991 and August 1993, 55 @entity1 with advanced @entity320 were enrolled for the present multicentre phase II study. Forty-nine @entity1 were eligible and evaluable for @entity137 ; 48 @entity1 were evaluable for response. The treatment schedule consisted of a 5-day regimen of @entity2699 , @entity1891 , @entity1732 and @entity11770 , plus 6 x 10(6) IU @entity3027 three times weekly subcutaneously for 2 weeks starting on day 8. The cycle was repeated on day 29. Among the 48 assessable @entity1 , 16 objective responses were seen, yielding a response rate of 33% (95% confidence interval 20%-46%). Seven @entity1 achieved a complete response (CR) of a median of 6+ months (range 1+ to 21+ months) and 9 @entity1 achieved a partial response (PR) of a median of 9 months (range 4-13 months). The median overall survival was 12+ months (range 6+ to 23+ months) for the @entity1 with CR and 15+ months (range 8-20 months) for the @entity1 with PR. Even the survival of the 7 @entity1 with stable disease was fairly long (median 12, range 7-17 months), appearing to be significantly longer than the survival of the 25 @entity1 with @entity74 (median 5, range 1-24+ months). The treatment was moderately well tolerated, although all @entity1 experienced some mild form of @entity137 , mostly gastrointestinal symptoms, @entity2359 and haematotoxicity. Grade 3-4 adverse effects were noted in 39% of the @entity1 . No toxic @entity204 occurred. It can be concluded that the present regimen produces meaningful responses for @entity1 with @entity320 . A randomised study is needed to determine the effect on survival.

title: Intermittent interferon and polychemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity235 prostate model that a noncontact low power neodymium:YAG laser regimen of 15 watts for 180 seconds yields a larger volume of @entity39 than the currently recommended high power regimen of 50 watts for 60 seconds. These 2 regimens have not yet been compared in @entity1 . The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the thermocoagulation effect of these 2 laser regimens in the @entity1 prostate and the effect of the spatial distribution of the laser lesions on the extent of @entity39 . The study was conducted in 10 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. The laser treatment was given transurethrally 1 hour before removal of the specimen. There were no fractures of the prostate. The @entity39 did not reach the peripheral zone and it was minimal in areas rich in fibromuscular tissue, such as the bladder neck. At times, nodular @entity1067 was unaffected. A 4-quadrant treatment in the same plane often yielded small nonconfluent lesions. @entity75 in the same plane yielded approximately 30% greater depth of @entity39 , which was achieved when 3 or 4 lesions were created on each side of the prostate (per single transverse plane). Likewise, @entity39 observed with 15 watts for 180 seconds was approximately 40% greater than that noted with the 50 watts for 60 seconds regimen. Our findings suggest that noncontact laser prostatectomy is a safe procedure that can be improved by modifying the laser regimen and the spatial distribution of lesions.

title: Histopathological evaluation of laser thermocoagulation in the @entity1 prostate: optimization of laser irradiation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Confluent lesions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity235 prostate model that a noncontact low power neodymium:YAG laser regimen of 15 watts for 180 seconds yields a larger volume of @entity39 than the currently recommended high power regimen of 50 watts for 60 seconds. These 2 regimens have not yet been compared in @entity1 . The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the thermocoagulation effect of these 2 laser regimens in the @entity1 prostate and the effect of the spatial distribution of the laser lesions on the extent of @entity39 . The study was conducted in 10 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. The laser treatment was given transurethrally 1 hour before removal of the specimen. There were no fractures of the prostate. The @entity39 did not reach the peripheral zone and it was minimal in areas rich in fibromuscular tissue, such as the bladder neck. At times, nodular @entity1067 was unaffected. A 4-quadrant treatment in the same plane often yielded small nonconfluent lesions. @entity75 in the same plane yielded approximately 30% greater depth of @entity39 , which was achieved when 3 or 4 lesions were created on each side of the prostate (per single transverse plane). Likewise, @entity39 observed with 15 watts for 180 seconds was approximately 40% greater than that noted with the 50 watts for 60 seconds regimen. Our findings suggest that noncontact laser prostatectomy is a safe procedure that can be improved by modifying the laser regimen and the spatial distribution of lesions.

title: Histopathological evaluation of laser thermocoagulation in the XXXX prostate: optimization of laser irradiation for @entity1067 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Spontaneous rosette formation in @entity1 is restricted to a subpopulation of the circulating T cells. We have previously shown that the interaction between lymphocytes and autologous red blood cells (auto-RBC) is not mediated by a self-recognition mechanism, since allogeneic (allo-) RBC bind to T cells through the same receptors. In this work, we have extended these observations to thymocytes. Using a mixed-rosette assay in which one type of erythrocyte was identified by @entity2823 labeling, we have shown that almost all the thymocytes which attached auto-RBC could also fix allo-RBC. However, as for the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), binding of @entity1 RBC to thymocytes occurred with varying affinities according to the erythrocyte's origin. In order to further study the specificity of the erythrocyte to lymphocyte binding in rosette formation, PBL were mixed with auto-RBC and erythrocytes of xenogeneic (xeno-) origin. Although very disparate incidences of rosettes were found according to the species from which the RBC were derived, most of the autorosetting lymphocytes also had receptors for xeno-RBC. In addition, preincubation of PBL with monoclonal antibody OKT11A (directed against the @entity742 RBC receptors on T cells) completely abrogated rosette formation with all the erythrocytes tested ( @entity1 auto- and allo-, @entity742 , @entity1707 , and @entity95 ) except @entity19 RBC. Taken together these data strongly suggest that @entity1 auto- or allo-, as well as @entity742 or some other xeno-RBC, bind to T lymphocytes by a single receptor and that the combining sites are expressed with different densities or varying affinities depending upon the RBC's origin. Therefore, spontaneous autorosettes may represent T lymphocytes having high-affinity receptors for @entity742 RBC.

title: XXXX autologous rosette-forming cells. III. Binding of erythrocytes from different species to the T-cell receptors for autologous red blood cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']