abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Case report. Background Although eccentric exercises have been a cornerstone of the rehabilitation of athletes with patellar @entity924 , the effectiveness of this intervention is sometimes less than ideal. Athletes with patellar @entity924 have been shown to have different jump-landing patterns and lower hip extensor strength compared to asymptomatic athletes. To our knowledge, the effectiveness of an intervention addressing these impairments has not yet been investigated. Case Description The @entity1 was a 21-year-old male volleyball athlete with a 9-month history of patellar tendon @entity158 . @entity158 was measured with a visual analog scale. Disability was measured with the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-patella questionnaire. These assessments were conducted before and after an 8-week intervention, as well as at 6 months after the intervention. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics during drop vertical jump and isometric strength were also measured before and after the 8-week intervention. The intervention consisted of hip extensor muscle strengthening and jump landing strategy modification training. The @entity1 did not interrupt volleyball practice/competition during rehabilitation. Outcomes After the 8-week intervention and at 6 months postintervention, the athlete was completely asymptomatic during sports participation. This favorable clinical outcome was accompanied by a 50% increase in hip extensor moment, a 21% decrease in knee extensor moment, and a 26% decrease in patellar tendon force during jump landing measured at 8 weeks. Discussion This case report provides an example of how an 8-week intervention of hip muscle strengthening and jump-landing modification @entity158 and disability and improved jump-landing biomechanics in an athlete with patellar @entity924 . Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):899-909. Epub 21 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6242.

title: Rehabilitation of XXXX Using Hip Extensor Strengthening and Landing-Strategy Modification: Case Report With 6-Month Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Patellar Tendinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity397 of the tibialis anterior tendon are rare but can cause substantial functional deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a surgery for soft tissue repair of traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon by using a plate and screw fixation repair in combination with the free anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation. METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 with anterior tibialis @entity397 who visited orthopedics departments from February 2008 to February 2012 were included in our study. The @entity397 tendon was reconstructed with plate and screw fixation technique, and the tissue defects were repaired with anterolateral thigh free flaps. The complications and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores were evaluated. Postoperative manual strength test was performed using a 0 to 5 scale. RESULTS: All flaps survived without any complications. The average preoperative and postoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores of the @entity1 were 51 and 95, respectively. Good ankle dorsiflexion strength against strong resistance was observed in eight ankles postoperatively (manual strength of one @entity1 was 4/5, the others were 5/5), and a substantial improvement in strength was noted compared with the preoperative examination. CONCLUSION: Soft tissue repair for tibialis anterior tendon rupture using plate and screw fixation technique in combination with anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation is a feasible technique and yield satisfactory results.

title: Soft tissue repair for tibialis anterior XXXX using plate and screw fixation technique in combination with anterolateral thigh flaps transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon ruptures', 'ruptured', 'Traumatic ruptures']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tendon ruptures']


abstract: AIMS: In Germany, all transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) and surgical @entity886 (sAVR) are registered within an obligatory quality assurance programme led by the independent AQUA Institute. We have summarised @entity1 and procedural characteristics, complication and mortality rates as reported in the annual, German language AQUA quality reports, freely accessible online, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of developments between 2008 and 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 2008, a total of 71,927 isolated sAVR and 48,353 TAVI procedures have been performed in Germany. The numbers of sAVR are steadily declining (2008: 11,205; 2014: 9,953). For TAVI, there has been a 20-fold increase since 2008, from 637 to 13,264 procedures in 2014, surpassing the annual numbers of isolated sAVR since 2013. The age profile of TAVI @entity1 has remained unchanged over time (mean age: 80.9 years), with a recent trend towards lower-risk/intermediate-risk @entity1 . TAVI complications are rapidly decreasing (2012: 9.4%; 2014: 3.9%); @entity397 , @entity1580 and @entity1563 are rare (<0.3%), with fewer @entity1 requiring surgical conversion to sternotomy (2012: 1.2%; 2014: 0.6%). In-hospital mortality after TAVI has halved in 2014 (4.2%) compared with 2008 (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-world clinical data from the obligatory quality assurance programme document the rapid adoption of TAVI in Germany, shifting treatment of @entity472 in the elderly from surgery to a catheter-based approach. Since 2008, similar to what happened with PCIs, complications of TAVI have declined considerably along with the need for emergency cardiac surgery. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality has halved from 2008 to 2014, while mortality for sAVR has remained unchanged.

title: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) in Germany 2008-2014: on its way to standard therapy for XXXX in the elderly?

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve replacements']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['annular rupture']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic valve stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: In Germany, all transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) and surgical @entity886 (sAVR) are registered within an obligatory quality assurance programme led by the independent AQUA Institute. We have summarised @entity1 and procedural characteristics, complication and mortality rates as reported in the annual, German language AQUA quality reports, freely accessible online, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of developments between 2008 and 2014. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since 2008, a total of 71,927 isolated sAVR and 48,353 TAVI procedures have been performed in Germany. The numbers of sAVR are steadily declining (2008: 11,205; 2014: 9,953). For TAVI, there has been a 20-fold increase since 2008, from 637 to 13,264 procedures in 2014, surpassing the annual numbers of isolated sAVR since 2013. The age profile of TAVI @entity1 has remained unchanged over time (mean age: 80.9 years), with a recent trend towards lower-risk/intermediate-risk @entity1 . TAVI complications are rapidly decreasing (2012: 9.4%; 2014: 3.9%); @entity397 , @entity1580 and @entity1563 are rare (<0.3%), with fewer @entity1 requiring surgical conversion to sternotomy (2012: 1.2%; 2014: 0.6%). In-hospital mortality after TAVI has halved in 2014 (4.2%) compared with 2008 (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-world clinical data from the obligatory quality assurance programme document the rapid adoption of TAVI in Germany, shifting treatment of @entity472 in the elderly from surgery to a catheter-based approach. Since 2008, similar to what happened with PCIs, complications of TAVI have declined considerably along with the need for emergency cardiac surgery. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality has halved from 2008 to 2014, while mortality for sAVR has remained unchanged.

title: Transcatheter XXXX (TAVI) in Germany 2008-2014: on its way to standard therapy for @entity472 in the elderly?

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve implantation']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the consistency and reproducibility of assessment of @entity1722 immunostaining, and to examine some of the problems relating to inter- and intraobserver variability in the documentation of positive staining; to profile the spectrum of cytoplasmic and membranous staining in a wide range of @entity5 types. METHODS: A total of 283 @entity5 were examined for immunohistochemical expression of the @entity1722 oncoprotein. Three independent observers were required to assess intensity both of membrane and cytoplasmic staining on a three point and then a four point scale. Extent of positive staining was also assessed on a two point scale. A minimum of two weeks elapsed between assessments using the differing scales. RESULTS: Positive membrane staining was documented by one or more observers in 16.6% of @entity5 examined. This positivity was largely restricted to @entity703 . The overall level of disagreement as to the presence or absence of membranous staining was 11.3%. Cytoplasmic staining was identified in 55.5% of @entity5 studied. The level of disagreement as to the presence or absence of cytoplasmic staining was 26.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Intraobserver variability was minimal, indicating that each pathologist was adhering to internal reproducible standards. Interobserver variability was greater, indicating that the interpretation of @entity1722 immunostaining may require set guidelines. It is suggested that assessment should be referenced to a standard positive control, that a three tier system for grading of intensity and a two tier system for grading of extent should be adopted, and that the evaluation should be agreed by at least two pathologists. The presence of cytoplasmic staining should continue to be routinely recorded until its biological role and clinical implications are fully understood.

title: XXXX immunostaining: problems with interpretation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['bladder, renal, and breast tumours']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['C-erbB-2']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity4628 mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of @entity3179 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of @entity4628 mucosa were taken from 31 @entity1 (30 with @entity31 , one with @entity1412 ) either before (eight @entity1 ) or after (23 @entity1 ) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height. Inflammatory change was estimated using an established scoring system for @entity5042 , and acquisition of colonic antigens was determined by immunohistochemistry using three monoclonal antibodies which recognise components of the two major epithelial cell types in the colorectum. The degree of staining with the monoclonal antibodies was graded and the grades correlated with an index of villous atrophy and with the inflammatory scores. RESULTS: Five of eight (63%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens showed increased staining with an antibody against components of columnar epithelial cells. One of eight (12%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens stained with an antibody for colonic mucin. Although both types of staining showed a positive correlation with the @entity5042 score, they also occurred in the absence of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Both goblet and columnar cells acquire colonic characteristics which are incomplete, but may represent a true adaptive response as they can develop in the absence of @entity32 . As the change in goblet cells occurs after ileostomy closure, @entity3179 is likely to be a major contributory factor. Changes in columnar cells may occur before ileostomy closure in the absence of @entity3179 .

title: Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity4628 mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['faecal stasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['faecal stasis']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity4628 mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of @entity3179 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of @entity4628 mucosa were taken from 31 @entity1 (30 with @entity31 , one with @entity1412 ) either before (eight @entity1 ) or after (23 @entity1 ) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height. Inflammatory change was estimated using an established scoring system for @entity5042 , and acquisition of colonic antigens was determined by immunohistochemistry using three monoclonal antibodies which recognise components of the two major epithelial cell types in the colorectum. The degree of staining with the monoclonal antibodies was graded and the grades correlated with an index of villous atrophy and with the inflammatory scores. RESULTS: Five of eight (63%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens showed increased staining with an antibody against components of columnar epithelial cells. One of eight (12%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens stained with an antibody for colonic mucin. Although both types of staining showed a positive correlation with the @entity5042 score, they also occurred in the absence of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Both goblet and columnar cells acquire colonic characteristics which are incomplete, but may represent a true adaptive response as they can develop in the absence of @entity32 . As the change in goblet cells occurs after ileostomy closure, @entity3179 is likely to be a major contributory factor. Changes in columnar cells may occur before ileostomy closure in the absence of @entity3179 .

title: Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in XXXX mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and @entity3179 .

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the CT and MR findings of three @entity1 with @entity438 ( @entity438 ), each of which eroded the skull base and had an extracranial mass component. A literature review of @entity438 was also performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the past year the imaging studies of three @entity1 with these unusual @entity438 were collected at our institutions. All three @entity1 had had CT, and one @entity1 had had MR on a 1.5 T GE unit. RESULTS: One @entity1 had a 5 cm GIA in the left petrocavernous region, filling the middle cranial fossa and extending into the left sphenoid sinus and the left posterior ethmoid complex. The @entity439 had heterogeneous high attenuation and extensive rim calcification. The second @entity1 had a 5 cm GIA that filled most of the left middle cranial fossa, eroding the floor and lateral wall and extending into the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space. The @entity439 was partially thrombosed and had minimal rim calcification. The third @entity1 had a 4 cm left cavernous GIA that eroded the floor of the middle cranial fossa and extended into the subjacent parapharyngeal space. The lesion was partially thrombosed and had an enhancing lumen. The rim had low signal intensity on MR. None of these @entity1 had a history of @entity130 . CONCLUSION: Giant @entity438 can cause significant skull base erosion and extend into the paranasal sinuses, parapharyngeal space, and infratemporal fossa. The CT and MR findings can lead to an accurate diagnosis.

title: Giant XXXX with skull base erosion and extracranial masses: CT and MR findings.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['GIAs', 'intracranial aneurysms', 'giant intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The color stainability of recently introduced computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/ @entity5380 ) hybrid ceramic and resin nanoceramic is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in  vitro study was to compare the effect of coffee staining on the color of 3 different CAD/ @entity5380 restorative materials and a nanocomposite resin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens from a hybrid dental ceramic (VITA Enamic), a resin nanoceramic (Lava Ultimate), a @entity1091 disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), and a nanocomposite resin (Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal) were evaluated for color change due to thermocycling in coffee (n=5). Specimens 0.5 to 0.7 mm and 1 to 1.2 mm in thickness were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. CIEDE2000 color differences (  E00) due to thermocycling in coffee were calculated using the color coordinates obtained from a spectroradiometer. ANCOVA was used to analyze the color differences among the materials with thickness as the covariate. Significant differences at average thickness were analyzed with the Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS: For color difference due to staining, thickness was a significant covariate (P<.001). Regarding the analysis of color differences, every pair of the tested materials was significantly different (P<.001). Least squares means of color differences (  E00) at mean thickness were 4.34 for the nanohybrid composite resin, 3.66 for the resin nanoceramic, 1.35 for the hybrid ceramic, and 0.43 for the @entity1091 disilicate ceramic. CONCLUSION: When exposed to hot and cold coffee, the color change was beyond clinical acceptability for the tested resin nanoceramic and nanocomposite resin materials. The average color change of the hybrid ceramic was clinically perceivable over the tested thickness values. The color change of @entity1091 disilicate ceramic was not clinically perceivable at any tested thickness.

title: Color stainability of CAD/ XXXX and nanocomposite resin materials.

answer: @entity5380 :: (MESH:D020786,Disease) :: ['CAM']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of @entity2194 after evaluation with the @entity2194 score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaound  , Cameroon. @entity1 AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008  to December 2010. Our sample included all @entity1 with @entity2194 . Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the @entity2194 score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye @entity130 Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364  eyes was 3.56%. There were 204  @entity1 (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95  years with predominance of 21-30  years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, @entity1 were seen within 72hours of the @entity130 . Three hundred (90.36%) @entity130 were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3  logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13  eyes were grade 1, 19  grade 2, 25  grade 3, 54  grade 4  and 253  grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22  to 45) vs. 7  which were @entity2421 . Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. @entity227 was reported in 16.20% and @entity1939 in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the @entity2194 score may lead to effective management.

title: [Ocular XXXX in an urban Cameroonian setting: A study of 332  cases evaluated according to the Ocular @entity130 Score].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonous']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of @entity2194 after evaluation with the @entity2194 score at the Army Teaching Hospital in Yaound  , Cameroon. @entity1 AND METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective monocentric hospital study was carried out from January 2008  to December 2010. Our sample included all @entity1 with @entity2194 . Each traumatized eye was evaluated using the @entity2194 score after measurement of visual acuity. The most severe diagnoses observed were classified according to the Birmingham Eye @entity130 Terminology system. RESULTS: The frequency out of 364  eyes was 3.56%. There were 204  @entity1 (61.44%) with a male/female ratio of 1.59. The mean age was 32.95  years with predominance of 21-30  years. The most affected groups were laborers and craftsmen (28.61%), followed closely by students (23.80%), then armed forces personnel (19.58%). Fights were noted as the most common cause in 31.02% of cases. Punches predominated in 21.39% of cases. In 37.34% of cases, @entity1 were seen within 72hours of the @entity130 . Three hundred (90.36%) @entity130 were unilateral vs. 32 (9.64%) bilateral. The mean visual acuity at the first consultation was 0.3  logMAR. Grading after evaluation was as follows, 13  eyes were grade 1, 19  grade 2, 25  grade 3, 54  grade 4  and 253  grade 5. Fragile and exposed anatomical structures were the most commonly injured. Seventeen eyes exhibited elevated IOP (22  to 45) vs. 7  which were @entity2421 . Two hundred and one (55.22%) oculo-palpebral contusions were noted, followed by 110 (30.22%) lacerations. @entity227 was reported in 16.20% and @entity1939 in 8.79% of cases. CONCLUSION: In the emergent setting, a good, timely clinical evaluation of each case according to the @entity2194 score may lead to effective management.

title: [Ocular @entity130 in an urban Cameroonian setting: A study of 332  cases evaluated according to the Ocular XXXX Score].

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are limited data in the literature on the probability of @entity2194 according to radiotherapy dose. This study investigates the risk of radiation-induced severe @entity936 in @entity1 in whom an entire orbit was exposed to fractionated external beam irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between October 1964 and May 1989, 33 @entity1 with @entity135 received irradiation of an entire orbit. Most @entity1 were treated with 60Co. The dose to the lacrimal apparatus was calculated at a depth of 1 cm from the anterior skin surface, the approximate depth of the major lacrimal gland. The end point of the study was severe @entity936 sufficient to produce @entity227 secondary to corneal opacification, @entity1066 , or vascularization. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 developed severe @entity936 . All 17 @entity1 who received doses > or = 57 Gy developed severe @entity936 . Three (19%) of 16 @entity1 who received doses < or = 45 Gy developed severe @entity936 ; @entity130 in the latter group were much slower to develop (4 to 11 years) than in the higher dose group, in whom corneal vascularization and opacification were usually pronounced within 9-10 months. There were no data for the range of doses between 45.01 and 56.99 Gy. The data did not suggest an increased risk of severe @entity936 with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Data from the current series and the literature are combined to construct a sigmoid dose response curve. The incidence of injury increases from 0% reported after doses < or = 30 Gy to 100% after doses > or = 57 Gy.

title: Severe XXXX following external beam irradiation.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry-eye complications']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry-eye syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry-eye syndrome']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 with @entity1466 were treated from 1965-1977. Pulmonary metastasis was noted in 82 of the 122 @entity1 . In 21 cases, open thoracotomy and lobectomy were performed in conjunction with chemotherapy. Fifteen @entity1 achieved complete remission and six @entity1 died. It became evident that the factors with the greatest effect on the outcome of the surgical treatment are the preoperative hCG values and the extent of @entity358 . The following are the authors established criteria for the operative intervention of @entity358 of @entity1466 (modifying Thomford's principles): (1) The @entity1 must be a good risk for surgical intervention. (2) That the primary @entity5 is controlled, (the uterus has already been resected, or no angiographical evidence of @entity5 in pelvic cavity). (3) There is no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in the body. (4) Roentgenologic evidence of @entity358 is limited to one lung. (5) The urinary hCG value is below 1000 mIU/ml.

title: Surgical indications for resection in XXXX of @entity1466 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary metastasis']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 with @entity1466 were treated from 1965-1977. Pulmonary metastasis was noted in 82 of the 122 @entity1 . In 21 cases, open thoracotomy and lobectomy were performed in conjunction with chemotherapy. Fifteen @entity1 achieved complete remission and six @entity1 died. It became evident that the factors with the greatest effect on the outcome of the surgical treatment are the preoperative hCG values and the extent of @entity358 . The following are the authors established criteria for the operative intervention of @entity358 of @entity1466 (modifying Thomford's principles): (1) The @entity1 must be a good risk for surgical intervention. (2) That the primary @entity5 is controlled, (the uterus has already been resected, or no angiographical evidence of @entity5 in pelvic cavity). (3) There is no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere in the body. (4) Roentgenologic evidence of @entity358 is limited to one lung. (5) The urinary hCG value is below 1000 mIU/ml.

title: Surgical indications for resection in @entity358 of XXXX .

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: Two genes, hom (encoding @entity21812 dehydrogenase) and thrB (encoding @entity21812 kinase), of the @entity1889 biosynthetic pathway are clustered in the chromosome of @entity9150 in the order 5' hom-thrB 3', separated by only 10 bp. The Brevibacterium thrB gene is expressed in @entity526 , in @entity9150 , and in @entity9150 and complements auxotrophs of all three organisms deficient in @entity21812 kinase, whereas the Brevibacterium hom gene did not complement two different @entity526 auxotrophs lacking @entity21812 dehydrogenase. However, complementation was obtained when the @entity21812 dehydrogenase was expressed as a fusion protein in @entity526 . Northern (RNA) analysis showed that the hom-thrB cluster is transcribed, giving two different transcripts of 2.5 and 1.1 kb. The 2.5-kb transcript corresponds to the entire cluster hom-thrB (i.e., they form a bicistronic operon), and the short transcript (1.1 kb) originates from the thrB gene. The promoter in front of hom and the hom-internal promoter in front of thrB were subcloned in promoter-probe vectors of @entity526 and corynebacteria. The thrB promoter is efficiently recognized both in @entity526 and corynebacteria, whereas the hom promoter is functional in corynebacteria but not in @entity526 . The transcription start points of both promoters have been identified by primer extension and S1 mapping analysis. The thrB promoter was located in an 87-bp fragment that overlaps with the end of the hom gene. A functional transcriptional terminator located downstream from the cluster was subcloned in terminator-probe vectors.

title: Transcriptional analysis and regulatory signals of the hom-thrB cluster of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9150 :: ('1718', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium glutamicum', 'Brevibacterium lactofermentum']

entities_list: @entity21812 :: ('CHEBI:15699', 'Chemical') :: ['homoserine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity9150 :: (1718,Species) :: ['Brevibacterium lactofermentum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study examined a group of @entity1 who have @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) and certain comorbid personality disorders to provide data on types of clinical problems that complicate treatment. Data are presented on @entity1 response to a comprehensive behavior therapy. METHOD: Forty-one consecutively referred, adult, nonpsychotic @entity1 with @entity3119 were evaluated independently by their attending psychiatrist and a consulting psychologist for presence of DSM-III-R @entity1314 . Thirty-one of these @entity1 , for whom there was 100% agreement on presence or absence of a @entity1314 , participated in a course of comprehensive behavior therapy. @entity3119 @entity1 with @entity1314 ( @entity3119 + @entity1726 ) were compared with a group of @entity3119 @entity1 without @entity1314 (nonPD @entity3119 ) on pretreatment and treatment-related variables. RESULTS: There was significantly high interrater reliability between psychiatrist and psychologist on diagnosis of @entity1314 (p < .001). @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 demonstrated poorer response to prior @entity146 treatments and greater psychosocial and @entity146 at pretreatment than did nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . The @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 demonstrated a moderate response to comprehensive behavior therapy, but below that of nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 were also rated as more difficult to treat, required more @entity146 hospitalizations during treatment, and were more likely to terminate behavior therapy prematurely than were nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In modest samples of @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 (N = 26), and nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 (N = 5), this study found that @entity3119 @entity1 with @entity1314 had greater psychopathology, fewer coping and living skills, and were more resistant to @entity146 treatment than the nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . In addition, when treated with a comprehensive behavior therapy that focuses on other clinical problems in addition to the @entity3119 symptoms, the @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 had an enhanced response to treatment.

title: Obsessive compulsive @entity1 with XXXX : associated problems and response to a comprehensive behavior therapy.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric impairment']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'comorbid personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'obsessive compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['comorbid personality disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study examined a group of @entity1 who have @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) and certain comorbid personality disorders to provide data on types of clinical problems that complicate treatment. Data are presented on @entity1 response to a comprehensive behavior therapy. METHOD: Forty-one consecutively referred, adult, nonpsychotic @entity1 with @entity3119 were evaluated independently by their attending psychiatrist and a consulting psychologist for presence of DSM-III-R @entity1314 . Thirty-one of these @entity1 , for whom there was 100% agreement on presence or absence of a @entity1314 , participated in a course of comprehensive behavior therapy. @entity3119 @entity1 with @entity1314 ( @entity3119 + @entity1726 ) were compared with a group of @entity3119 @entity1 without @entity1314 (nonPD @entity3119 ) on pretreatment and treatment-related variables. RESULTS: There was significantly high interrater reliability between psychiatrist and psychologist on diagnosis of @entity1314 (p < .001). @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 demonstrated poorer response to prior @entity146 treatments and greater psychosocial and @entity146 at pretreatment than did nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . The @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 demonstrated a moderate response to comprehensive behavior therapy, but below that of nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 were also rated as more difficult to treat, required more @entity146 hospitalizations during treatment, and were more likely to terminate behavior therapy prematurely than were nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In modest samples of @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 (N = 26), and nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 (N = 5), this study found that @entity3119 @entity1 with @entity1314 had greater psychopathology, fewer coping and living skills, and were more resistant to @entity146 treatment than the nonPD @entity3119 @entity1 . In addition, when treated with a comprehensive behavior therapy that focuses on other clinical problems in addition to the @entity3119 symptoms, the @entity3119 + @entity1726 @entity1 had an enhanced response to treatment.

title: Obsessive compulsive XXXX with @entity1314 : associated problems and response to a comprehensive behavior therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The herpes simplex type 1 virus @entity1014 kinase ( @entity3307 -TK) reporter gene was coupled to a @entity291 thyroglobulin promoter (TG-tk construct). Within the thyroid glands of @entity19 expression was confined to thyroid follicle cells. Infusion of @entity4540 ( @entity51550 ) to 8 to 12 week transgenic females led to the complete loss of thyroid @entity3307 -TK activity (at 3 to 4 days) and thyroid follicles (between 7 and 14 days). During the first 5 days of treatment a single reciprocal oscillation in circulating @entity1955 (T4) and TSH levels occurred. By 14 days the circulating @entity1954 (T3) and T4 levels of all treated animals were below the detection limits of the assays, while TSH levels were elevated ten-fold and continued to increase thereafter. During 14 days of treatment the thyroids regressed, protein content fell by 80-90% and the C cells, normally dispersed within the central region of each gland, came together in aggregates. Pituitary GH levels in females rose and fell back to normal within 14 days and between 14 and 28 days fell to a level comparable with that of @entity2338 lit/lit @entity19 . The levels of hepatic @entity22102 mRNA and the predominant 6.6 kb T3 receptor mRNA were unaffected by thyrocyte ablation. Thyrocyte ablation had no effect on the level of @entity11084 mRNA in females, but increased Prl receptor mRNA levels in males and eliminated group 1 major urinary protein ( @entity11005 ).mRNA in females. T4 replacement reversed the effects of thyrocyte ablation on @entity11005 mRNA in females and on Prl receptor mRNA in males.2+ Despite the many physiological changes induced by thyrocyte ablation, ablated @entity19 have been maintained for up to 1 year without thyroid hormone supplementation. T4-deficient females were normally fertile and carried pups to term. Although transgenic males expressed @entity3307 -TK ectopically in spermatids and spermatozoa at levels similar to thyrocyte levels, a rate of @entity4540 infusion which successfully ablated the thyrocytes did not affect the testis. As an alternative to infusion by minipump, thyrocyte ablation could be achieved by 6 twice-daily injections of @entity4540 , at a level of 112 micrograms @entity4540 /g body weight per day, and fetuses in utero could be thyrocyte ablated by administering 50 or 15 micrograms/g body weight per day to pregnant females between days 14 and 18 of gestation. These data demonstrate the potential value of transgenic thyrocyte ablation in the study of the effects of @entity1374 .

title: Consequences of XXXX induced by the specific ablation of thyroid follicle cells in adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity51550 :: ('CHEBI:465284', 'Chemical') :: ['9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['Ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-iodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone deprivation']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']


abstract: The herpes simplex type 1 virus @entity1014 kinase ( @entity3307 -TK) reporter gene was coupled to a @entity291 thyroglobulin promoter (TG-tk construct). Within the thyroid glands of @entity19 expression was confined to thyroid follicle cells. Infusion of @entity4540 ( @entity51550 ) to 8 to 12 week transgenic females led to the complete loss of thyroid @entity3307 -TK activity (at 3 to 4 days) and thyroid follicles (between 7 and 14 days). During the first 5 days of treatment a single reciprocal oscillation in circulating @entity1955 (T4) and TSH levels occurred. By 14 days the circulating @entity1954 (T3) and T4 levels of all treated animals were below the detection limits of the assays, while TSH levels were elevated ten-fold and continued to increase thereafter. During 14 days of treatment the thyroids regressed, protein content fell by 80-90% and the C cells, normally dispersed within the central region of each gland, came together in aggregates. Pituitary GH levels in females rose and fell back to normal within 14 days and between 14 and 28 days fell to a level comparable with that of @entity2338 lit/lit @entity19 . The levels of hepatic @entity22102 mRNA and the predominant 6.6 kb T3 receptor mRNA were unaffected by thyrocyte ablation. Thyrocyte ablation had no effect on the level of @entity11084 mRNA in females, but increased Prl receptor mRNA levels in males and eliminated group 1 major urinary protein ( @entity11005 ).mRNA in females. T4 replacement reversed the effects of thyrocyte ablation on @entity11005 mRNA in females and on Prl receptor mRNA in males.2+ Despite the many physiological changes induced by thyrocyte ablation, ablated @entity19 have been maintained for up to 1 year without thyroid hormone supplementation. T4-deficient females were normally fertile and carried pups to term. Although transgenic males expressed @entity3307 -TK ectopically in spermatids and spermatozoa at levels similar to thyrocyte levels, a rate of @entity4540 infusion which successfully ablated the thyrocytes did not affect the testis. As an alternative to infusion by minipump, thyrocyte ablation could be achieved by 6 twice-daily injections of @entity4540 , at a level of 112 micrograms @entity4540 /g body weight per day, and fetuses in utero could be thyrocyte ablated by administering 50 or 15 micrograms/g body weight per day to pregnant females between days 14 and 18 of gestation. These data demonstrate the potential value of transgenic thyrocyte ablation in the study of the effects of @entity1374 .

title: Consequences of @entity1374 induced by the specific ablation of thyroid follicle cells in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: @entity15 represents a significant cause of @entity717 among young and middle age adults. As a group, M.S. @entity1 are frequently well educated, highly trained and possess intact families but have had to leave their former occupations. While many unemployed M.S. @entity1 are willing and able to work, they are not now receiving the vocational rehabilitation services they need to reenter the work force. Physicians frequently see M.S. @entity1 , but they do not often refer those @entity1 for vocational rehabilitation services. Unemployment associated with @entity15 is a significant social complication of the disease. While the physician cannot cure or halt the progress of the disease, he or she can assist the M.S. @entity1 in obtaining the specialized help necessary to re-enter the job market.

title: Vocational disability and rehabilitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vocational disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: A mother carrying a fetus affected with @entity12554 received prenatal treatment with @entity619 (0.5 mg, tid, p.o.) started from the very beginning of the 8th week of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis had to rely on amniocentesis with karyotyping and @entity134 hormone determination, because HLA and DNA data from the deceased index case or direct molecular genetic techniques were not available. The pre- and postnatal diagnosis of @entity12554 was based on mass spectrometric determination of @entity4418 . @entity619 was discontinued for 5 days prior to amniocentesis. Monitoring of @entity701 , @entity2990 and @entity10586 in maternal plasma revealed suppressed maternal and fetal adrenal glands throughout pregnancy. Plasma @entity619 levels confirmed excellent maternal compliance. At term, an eutrophic @entity1 with normal female genitalia was delivered. The diagnosis of @entity12554 and salt loss was confirmed postnatally. Regarding the side-effects of @entity619 , the benefit/risk ratio was in favour of prenatal @entity619 therapy.

title: Successful prenatal treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: @entity8790 ( @entity8790 ) are specialized cells residing primarily within lymphoid follicles. They bind immunocomplexes and play an important role in the presentation of antigen to follicular B cells. Isolation of @entity8790 for in vitro studies, however, is difficult because they constitute only about 1% of the cells in lymphoid tissue and form tight clusters entrapping lymphocytes within their dendritic processes. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) Ki-M4, which is highly restricted in its binding to @entity8790 , is used to identify these cells. In order to establish a new immortalized cell line with features of @entity8790 , we applied a modified procedure to isolate and enrich @entity8790 from @entity1 tonsils and fused them with the @entity1582 cell line SP2/0-Ag14. The new hybrid cell line, designated @entity8790 -H1, is of both @entity19 lymphoid and @entity1 @entity8790 origin. @entity8790 -H1 was found to have unlimited growth potential and to consistently express the Ki-M4 antigen and other surface antigens of @entity1 @entity8790 . Semiquantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of enriched @entity8790 and @entity8790 -H1 revealed the same highly restricted cytokine/mRNA profile for both, with detectable levels of @entity1192 and surface @entity7527 and a lack of mRNA for @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity6977 , @entity4666 , @entity688 , interferon-gamma, tumor @entity39 factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta and @entity2841 . Additionally a weak but constant @entity650 mRNA expression was found in the cell line @entity8790 -H1 by RT-PCR. In situ hybridization experiments in tonsils revealed @entity650 transcripts in cells with a staining pattern characteristic of a dendritic cell only in a few germinal centers. To our knowledge, @entity8790 -H1 is the first cell line that constantly expresses surface antigens and a cytokine profile characteristic of @entity8790 . It is, therefore, well suited for studying the biology of @entity8790 and the functional relationship between @entity8790 and normal or neoplastic lymphatic cells.

title: An immortalized cell line with features of XXXX follicular dendritic cells. Antigen and cytokine expression analysis.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8790 :: ('MESH:D054740', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular dendritic cells', 'FDC']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin (IL)-1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor @entity10733 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity10736 @entity10736 . Addition of an anti- @entity10733 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity10733 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity1 KYM-1 @entity980 cells. Anti- @entity10733 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity10736 and @entity10733 @entity10736 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity10733 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity1 @entity10733 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity10733 to potentiate @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity137 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity10736 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity10733 @entity10736 antiserum nor anti- @entity10733 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity1 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity10733 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity10733 @entity10736 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity10736 @entity10736 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity10736 in induction of @entity137 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity10736 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity10733 in mediating @entity137 . Both @entity10736 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter activation in @entity1 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity10736 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity2834 promoter activation and induction of the @entity2451 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity10733 induces @entity137 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor @entity10733 in mediating XXXX and gene regulating activities.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear transcription factor kappa B', 'NF-kappa B']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor @entity10733 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity10736 @entity10736 . Addition of an anti- @entity10733 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity10733 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity1 KYM-1 @entity980 cells. Anti- @entity10733 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity10736 and @entity10733 @entity10736 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity10733 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity1 @entity10733 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity10733 to potentiate @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity137 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity10736 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity10733 @entity10736 antiserum nor anti- @entity10733 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity1 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity10733 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity10733 @entity10736 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity10736 @entity10736 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity10736 in induction of @entity137 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity10736 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity10733 in mediating @entity137 . Both @entity10736 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter activation in @entity1 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity10736 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity2834 promoter activation and induction of the @entity2451 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity10733 induces @entity137 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the XXXX necrosis factor receptor @entity10733 in mediating @entity137 and gene regulating activities.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Using agonistic antibodies (Ab) we have examined whether the 75-kDa chain of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor @entity10733 ) is capable of mediating cytotoxic response and gene regulation alone or in cooperation with @entity10736 @entity10736 . Addition of an anti- @entity10733 polyclonal antiserum or anti- @entity10733 monoclonal antibody (mAb) plus anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) led to cytotoxic response of @entity1 KYM-1 @entity980 cells. Anti- @entity10733 mAb alone had no effect pointing out the importance of strong receptor stimulation for signal transduction into the cell. Simultaneous triggering of both the @entity10736 and @entity10733 @entity10736 by agonistic Ab resulted in additive cytotoxic action on KYM-1 cells. The anti- @entity10733 mAb 3H5, directed to a non-TNF binding site on the @entity1 @entity10733 , was used to confirm further the ability of the @entity10733 to potentiate @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cell death. While exhibiting no @entity137 by its own, 3H5 significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of the anti- @entity10736 mAb htr9 towards KYM-1 cells. Neither the anti- @entity10733 @entity10736 antiserum nor anti- @entity10733 mAb were cytotoxic for @entity1 U937 cells suggesting that the cytolysis resulting from @entity10733 cross-linking is cell specific. Noteworthy, stimulation of the @entity10733 @entity10736 with mAb plus anti-Ig or polyclonal antiserum led to a marked enhancement of the @entity10736 @entity10736 -induced U937 cell death, indicating collaboration between the two @entity10736 in induction of @entity137 also in this cell line. However, 3H5 mAb did not affect the ability of anti- @entity10736 mAb to lyse U937 cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate the difference between KYM-1 and U937 cell lines with respect to the role for the @entity10733 in mediating @entity137 . Both @entity10736 were found to mediate cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter activation in @entity1 SW480T-beta Gal cells and @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) induction in this cell line as well as in KYM-1 cells. It was demonstrated for the first time that independent stimulation of both @entity10736 resulted in an additive effect on the @entity2834 promoter activation and induction of the @entity2451 . Taken together, these results indicate that the @entity10733 induces @entity137 in a cell-specific manner and potentiates @entity10736 @entity10736 -mediated cytotoxic response and gene regulation.

title: Involvement of the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor XXXX in mediating @entity137 and gene regulating activities.

answer: @entity10733 :: (7133,Gene) :: ['p75']


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity177 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity1582 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity1011 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity1011 clearance was made. When @entity177 was defined by using @entity1011 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. @entity177 was present in 24% of @entity1 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity1 with light chain disease had @entity177 . The frequency of @entity177 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity1 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity177 significantly more often than @entity1 with lower excretion. @entity177 was related to @entity1442 ; 41% of @entity1 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity177 . @entity177 was found in 45% of @entity1 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity1011 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity177 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed XXXX --a demographic study of 1353 @entity1 . The @entity1582 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity177 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity1582 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity1011 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity1011 clearance was made. When @entity177 was defined by using @entity1011 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. @entity177 was present in 24% of @entity1 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity1 with light chain disease had @entity177 . The frequency of @entity177 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity1 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity177 significantly more often than @entity1 with lower excretion. @entity177 was related to @entity1442 ; 41% of @entity1 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity177 . @entity177 was found in 45% of @entity1 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity1011 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity177 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed @entity1582 --a demographic study of 1353 @entity1 . The XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Nordic Myeloma']


abstract: This study describes the occurrence of @entity177 among 1353 newly diagnosed cases of @entity1582 . Renal function was evaluated by serum @entity1011 concentration in 1353 cases, 31% of whom had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. In 1206 cases an estimation of @entity1011 clearance was made. When @entity177 was defined by using @entity1011 clearance estimation, 49% had @entity177 at the time of diagnosis. @entity177 was present in 24% of @entity1 with an M component of IgG-, 31% of IgA- and 100% of IgD-type. 52% of @entity1 with light chain disease had @entity177 . The frequency of @entity177 was similar in lambda- and kappa-light chain disease. @entity1 with a high excretion of Bence Jones protein in the urine (> 10 g/24 h) had @entity177 significantly more often than @entity1 with lower excretion. @entity177 was related to @entity1442 ; 41% of @entity1 with stage III (Durie-Salmon) disease had @entity177 . @entity177 was found in 45% of @entity1 with hypercalcaemia. When estimated @entity1011 clearance was used as a predictor of renal function, the same trends were found as mentioned above. In addition, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity177 was found to increase with advancing age.

title: Renal function in newly diagnosed @entity1582 --a demographic study of 1353 XXXX . The @entity1582 Study Group.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) market has evolved rapidly in recent years, with exploding growth in brands and product types; however, e-cigarette use among priority (sexual minority and low-income) populations and its relationship with smoking-cessation and @entity286 control policies have yet to be fully characterized. METHODS: The authors conducted a nationally representative online survey of 17,522 U.S. adults in 2013. @entity1 were drawn from GfK's KnowledgePanel  . @entity2357 models were used to analyze relationships between e-cigarettes (awareness, ever use, current use) and cigarette smoking and cessation behaviors, @entity286 control policies, and demographics. Analyses were conducted in 2014. RESULTS: Approximately 15% of @entity1 reported ever use of e-cigarettes, 5.1% reported current use, and 34.5% of ever users reported current use. E-cigarette awareness was lower among @entity1 , minorities, and those with low education. Ever and current use of e-cigarettes was higher among current cigarette smokers, young adults, and those with low SES; both ever use and current use were correlated with current cigarette smoking status, particularly when combined with quit intentions or attempts. Lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender respondents had higher rates of ever use and current use. Ever use was lower in states with comprehensive smoking bans. No significant relationship between cigarette price and e-cigarette use was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing surveillance of e-cigarette use among subpopulation groups and monitoring their use for combustible cigarette cessation are needed. Important variations in the patterns and correlates of e-cigarette awareness and use exist among priority populations. These findings have implications for future e-cigarette policy decisions.

title: Electronic Cigarettes Among Priority Populations: Role of Smoking Cessation and XXXX Control Policies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9725 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity74 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2247 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity9724 and @entity71235 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity9724 and @entity71235 across @entity2247 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity9724 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity9724 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity71235 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2247 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity71235 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity71235 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity9724 , the tolerant @entity71235 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2247 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity9724 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity137 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2247 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity9725 XXXX tolerance of Australian @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .) genotypes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic loci']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9725 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity74 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2247 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity9724 and @entity71235 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity9724 and @entity71235 across @entity2247 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity9724 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity9724 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity71235 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2247 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity71235 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity71235 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity9724 , the tolerant @entity71235 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2247 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity9724 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity137 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2247 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity9725 @entity137 tolerance of Australian XXXX ( @entity2247 .) genotypes.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9725 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity74 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2247 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity9724 and @entity71235 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity9724 and @entity71235 across @entity2247 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity9724 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity9724 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity71235 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2247 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity71235 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity71235 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity9724 , the tolerant @entity71235 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2247 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity9724 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity137 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2247 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in @entity9725 @entity137 tolerance of Australian @entity2247 ( XXXX .) genotypes.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Hordeum vulgare L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9725 (B) is an important micronutrient for plant growth, but is toxic when levels are too high. This commonly occurs in environments with alkaline soils and relatively low rainfall, including many of the cereal growing regions of southern Australia. Four major @entity74 controlling tolerance to high soil B have been identified in the landrace @entity2247 , Sahara 3771. Genes underlying two of the loci encode the B transporters @entity9724 and @entity71235 . RESULTS: We investigated sequence and expression level diversity in @entity9724 and @entity71235 across @entity2247 germplasm, and identified five novel coding sequence alleles for @entity9724 . Lines were identified containing either single or multiple copies of the Sahara @entity9724 allele. We established that only the tandemly duplicated Sahara allele conferred B tolerance, and this duplicated allele was found only in a set of nine lines accessioned in Australian collections as Sahara 3763-3771. @entity71235 coding sequences were highly conserved across @entity2247 germplasm. We identified the likely causative SNP in the 5'UTR of Sahara @entity71235 , and propose that the creation of a small upstream open reading frame interferes with @entity71235 translation in Sahara 3771. Similar to @entity9724 , the tolerant @entity71235 allele was unique to the Sahara @entity2247 accessions. We identified a new source of the 2H B tolerance allele controlling leaf symptom development, in the landrace Ethiopia 756. CONCLUSIONS: Ethiopia 756, as well as the cultivar Sloop Vic which carries both the 2H and @entity9724 B tolerance alleles derived from Sahara 3771, may be valuable as alternative parents in breeding programs targeted to high soil B environments. There is significant diversity in B @entity137 tolerance among contemporary Australian @entity2247 varieties but this is not related to variation at any of the four known B tolerance loci, indicating that novel, as yet undiscovered, sources of tolerance exist.

title: Diversity in XXXX @entity137 tolerance of Australian @entity2247 ( @entity2247 .) genotypes.

answer: @entity9725 :: (MESH:D001895,Chemical) :: ['boron']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is increasingly encountered in @entity1 . Early disease is associated with higher complication rate with increased incidence of surgical intervention. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 25 @entity1 in the pediatric and adolescent age groups with @entity29 underwent surgical intervention in our center. They were classified into two groups. Group I included 15 @entity1 with @entity31 where 5 cases had left @entity1049 underwent left colectomy, while 10 cases had @entity66 underwent total colectomy and anal mucosectomy with ileo-anal or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with covering ileostomy. Group II included 10 cases with @entity30 where the indications for surgery were @entity1321 in seven cases, fulminant @entity281 with @entity326 in one, perianal @entity292 and @entity1066 in one, and @entity851 due to resistant intestinal @entity292 in one. RESULTS: Group I included eight males and seven females; mean age at surgery was 10.6  years. There were @entity260 in seven cases in the form of @entity530 and wound @entity281 in one, wound @entity281 in two, and recurrent @entity5042 in four cases. Group II contained eight males and two females; mean age at surgery was 6.6  years. Two cases had recurrent symptoms after stricturoplasty. The mean length of time from diagnosis to surgery was 2.4  years (ranging from 6 to 36  months). CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary team is mandatory for proper management of @entity29 cases. The risk of the disease and the expected surgical complications determine the timing of surgical interference.

title: Surgical aspects of XXXX in pediatric and adolescent age groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pancolonic disease']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['perianal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14731 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity14731 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity74 . @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity726 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity1139 on @entity14731 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity1139 . Following @entity1139 treatment, @entity14734 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity14735 , @entity14733 , and @entity18339 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity19 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity1139 -induced alteration of @entity14731 gene expression, and identified @entity17067 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity1139 suppressed the induction of @entity14733 mRNA by @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity1139 also modulated the @entity9170 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity17989 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity19 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity1139 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity14731 system. The present findings suggest that @entity1139 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity74 at the ocular surface.

title: XXXX modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity14731 gene @entity17989 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity19 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rhythm-disorder', 'rhythm disorder']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14731 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity14731 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity74 . @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity726 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity1139 on @entity14731 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity1139 . Following @entity1139 treatment, @entity14734 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity14735 , @entity14733 , and @entity18339 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity19 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity1139 -induced alteration of @entity14731 gene expression, and identified @entity17067 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity1139 suppressed the induction of @entity14733 mRNA by @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity1139 also modulated the @entity9170 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity17989 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity19 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity1139 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity14731 system. The present findings suggest that @entity1139 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity74 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity1138 modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity14731 gene XXXX expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity19 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity17989 :: (18627(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['period 2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14731 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity14731 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity74 . @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity726 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity1139 on @entity14731 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity1139 . Following @entity1139 treatment, @entity14734 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity14735 , @entity14733 , and @entity18339 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity19 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity1139 -induced alteration of @entity14731 gene expression, and identified @entity17067 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity1139 suppressed the induction of @entity14733 mRNA by @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity1139 also modulated the @entity9170 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity17989 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity19 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity1139 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity14731 system. The present findings suggest that @entity1139 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity74 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity1138 modulates the circadian oscillation of XXXX gene @entity17989 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in @entity19 fibroblasts.

answer: @entity14731 :: (12753(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['clock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14731 gene regulates the circadian rhythm of various physiological functions. The expression of @entity14731 gene has been shown to be attenuated by certain drugs, resulting in a @entity74 . @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is often used in combination with ophthalmic surgery, especially in trabeculectomy, a @entity726 surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of @entity1139 on @entity14731 gene expression in fibroblasts, the target cells of @entity1139 . Following @entity1139 treatment, @entity14734 mRNA levels was significantly decreased, whereas @entity14735 , @entity14733 , and @entity18339 -erba mRNA levels were significantly increased in the @entity19 fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 cells. Microarray analysis was performed to explore of the gene(s) responsible for @entity1139 -induced alteration of @entity14731 gene expression, and identified @entity17067 gene encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as a candidate. @entity1139 suppressed the induction of @entity14733 mRNA by @entity619 ( @entity9170 ), ligand of GR, in NIH3T3 cells. @entity1139 also modulated the @entity9170 -driven circadian oscillations of @entity17989 ::Luciferase bioluminescence in @entity19 -derived ocular fibroblasts. Our results demonstrate a previously unknown effect of @entity1139 in GR signaling and the circadian @entity14731 system. The present findings suggest that @entity1139 combined with trabeculectomy could increase the risk for a local circadian @entity74 at the ocular surface.

title: @entity1138 modulates the circadian oscillation of @entity14731 gene @entity17989 expression through attenuating the glucocorticoid signaling in XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pregnancy-related @entity715 is a major cause of maternal mortality. Pregnancy and the puerperium are associated with a fourfold to fivefold increased risk of @entity715 when compared with the nonpregnant state. The greatest time of risk is in the postpartum period. Diagnosis of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) during pregnancy can be challenging as many of the symptoms can be associated with normal pregnancy. Almost all @entity1150 occurs in the left leg or iliac veins. Diagnostic procedures for @entity1151 carry some exposure to radiation, although risks are low when compared with risks associated with an undiagnosed maternal PE. The anticoagulant of choice during pregnancy is low-molecular-weight heparin. Certain medical conditions require alternative approaches as management around the time of delivery. In @entity1 with @entity1211 during pregnancy, anticoagulation should continue for at least 3 months and until at least 6 weeks postpartum. @entity600 Research (Part C), 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of escalating ticagrelor loading dose (LD) regimens in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing PPCI frequently have suboptimal platelet inhibition in the early hours after ticagrelor LD. The use of high ticagrelor LD regimens has been hypothesized to optimize platelet inhibition in PPCI. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens (180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg) in PPCI (N  = 52). PK/PD analyses were performed before and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post-LD. PK assessments included exposure to @entity3077 and its metabolite ( @entity33511 ). PD assessments included @entity3075 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow @entity3075 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ). RESULTS: Platelet reactivity was elevated during the first 2 h post-LD. There were no differences in PRU between groups during the study time course (p  = 0.179). There were no significant differences in PRU levels across groups at all time points, except at 1 h (p  = 0.017) where platelet reactivity was lowest with a 270-mg LD. No differences were found between the 180-mg and 360-mg groups (primary endpoint; p > 0.999). High on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were not different across groups, except at 1 hour (p = 0.038). Parallel PD findings were observed with @entity19319 -PRI. PK analysis showed a delay in ticagrelor absorption and generation of @entity33511 , irrespective of dose. Although @entity1286 was associated with a delay in ticagrelor PK/PD, it was not an independent predictor of high on-treatment platelet reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 undergoing PPCI frequently exhibit impaired response to ticagrelor in the early hours after drug administration, which cannot be overcome by increasing LD regimens. These PD findings are largely attributed to an impaired PK profile, indicating a delay in drug absorption compared with that reported in stable clinical settings. (High Ticagrelor Loading Dose in STEMI; NCT01898442).

title: Impact of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor in @entity1 With ST-Segment Elevation XXXX Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of a Prospective Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3077 :: ('MESH:C503700', 'Chemical') :: ['ticagrelor']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['VASP', 'vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of escalating ticagrelor loading dose (LD) regimens in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing PPCI frequently have suboptimal platelet inhibition in the early hours after ticagrelor LD. The use of high ticagrelor LD regimens has been hypothesized to optimize platelet inhibition in PPCI. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens (180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg) in PPCI (N  = 52). PK/PD analyses were performed before and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post-LD. PK assessments included exposure to @entity3077 and its metabolite ( @entity33511 ). PD assessments included @entity3075 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow @entity3075 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ). RESULTS: Platelet reactivity was elevated during the first 2 h post-LD. There were no differences in PRU between groups during the study time course (p  = 0.179). There were no significant differences in PRU levels across groups at all time points, except at 1 h (p  = 0.017) where platelet reactivity was lowest with a 270-mg LD. No differences were found between the 180-mg and 360-mg groups (primary endpoint; p > 0.999). High on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were not different across groups, except at 1 hour (p = 0.038). Parallel PD findings were observed with @entity19319 -PRI. PK analysis showed a delay in ticagrelor absorption and generation of @entity33511 , irrespective of dose. Although @entity1286 was associated with a delay in ticagrelor PK/PD, it was not an independent predictor of high on-treatment platelet reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: ST-segment elevation @entity583 @entity1 undergoing PPCI frequently exhibit impaired response to ticagrelor in the early hours after drug administration, which cannot be overcome by increasing LD regimens. These PD findings are largely attributed to an impaired PK profile, indicating a delay in drug absorption compared with that reported in stable clinical settings. (High Ticagrelor Loading Dose in STEMI; NCT01898442).

title: Impact of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor in XXXX With ST-Segment Elevation @entity583 Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of a Prospective Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Putamen @entity194 and its long-term progress during disease course were recently shown in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Here we investigated retrospectively the time point of @entity194 onset in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ). 68 @entity1 with @entity3780 and 26 healthy controls (HC) were admitted to 3T MRI in a cross-sectional study. We quantitatively analyzed the putamen volume of individual @entity1 in relation to disease duration by correcting for age and intracranial volume (ICV). @entity1 's relative putamen volume (RPV), expressed in percent of ICV, was significantly reduced compared to HC. Based on the correlation between RPV and age, we computed the age-corrected RPV deviation (  RPV) from HC. @entity1 showed significantly negative   RPV. Interestingly, the age-corrected   RPV depended logarithmically on disease duration: Directly after first symptom manifestation, @entity1 already showed a reduced RPV followed by a further degressive @entity810 . This means that @entity194 progression was stronger in the first than in later years of disease. Putamen @entity194 starts directly after initial symptom manifestation or even years before, and progresses in a degressive manner. Due to its important role in neurological functions, early detection of putamen @entity194 seems necessary. High-resolution structural MRI allows monitoring of disease course.

title: Early and Degressive Putamen Atrophy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['volumetric decline']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23819 is a common bacterial pathogen in @entity235 with @entity6793 , @entity12088 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability for @entity3256 -resistant (MRSP) and @entity3256 -susceptible (MSSP) @entity23819 isolates from healthy @entity235 . ANIMALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two isolates, consisting of 40 MRSPs and 52 MSSPs, were included in the study. Biofilm production was determined using a quantitative adherence assay in 96-well tissue culture plates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting icaA and icaD genes. The prevalence of @entity3256 -resistance in the isolated @entity23819 was calculated using standard equations. The presence of @entity3256 resistance (MR) and biofilm-producing ability between nasal- and ocular-origin @entity23819 was compared using the chi-square (  (2)) test. The associations between the degree of biofilm production and the presence of @entity3256 -resistance or sample origin were determined using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All of the MRSP and MSSP isolates were able to produce biofilms, and 93.5% of the isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers, regardless of the presence of @entity3256 -resistance or source. @entity3256 -resistance was more prevalent in nasal isolates. There was no association between the presence of icaA/icaD and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of biofilm-producing @entity23819 in healthy @entity235 in South Korea, which may have a significant influence to @entity4409 .

title: Emergence of biofilm-producing XXXX isolated from healthy @entity235 in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['otitis externa, and wound infection']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity23819 :: (283734,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23819 is a common bacterial pathogen in @entity235 with @entity6793 , @entity12088 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability for @entity3256 -resistant (MRSP) and @entity3256 -susceptible (MSSP) @entity23819 isolates from healthy @entity235 . ANIMALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two isolates, consisting of 40 MRSPs and 52 MSSPs, were included in the study. Biofilm production was determined using a quantitative adherence assay in 96-well tissue culture plates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting icaA and icaD genes. The prevalence of @entity3256 -resistance in the isolated @entity23819 was calculated using standard equations. The presence of @entity3256 resistance (MR) and biofilm-producing ability between nasal- and ocular-origin @entity23819 was compared using the chi-square (  (2)) test. The associations between the degree of biofilm production and the presence of @entity3256 -resistance or sample origin were determined using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All of the MRSP and MSSP isolates were able to produce biofilms, and 93.5% of the isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers, regardless of the presence of @entity3256 -resistance or source. @entity3256 -resistance was more prevalent in nasal isolates. There was no association between the presence of icaA/icaD and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of biofilm-producing @entity23819 in healthy @entity235 in South Korea, which may have a significant influence to @entity4409 .

title: Emergence of biofilm-producing @entity23819 isolated from healthy XXXX in South Korea.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of lymphatic @entity3 in middle @entity1721 (ESCC) with different T staging and to investigate the clinical value of para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 717 @entity1 with middle thoracic ESCC undergoing Mckeown esophagectomy plus three-field lymph node dissection in Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 1999 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Lymph node metastatic rates of different T stages were calculated. Clinical value of each station lymphadenectomy, especially the para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy, was evaluated by the efficacy index(EI, cross product of one station metastatic rate and 5-year survival of @entity1 with positive lymph nodes of above station). RESULTS: Rates of lymph node @entity3 were 29.0%(18/62), 61.1%(91/149) and 64.8%(328/506) in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 respectively. Despite T staging, metastatic rates of right para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node(rRLN LN) were 21.0% (13/62), 28.9%(43/149) and 29.4%(149/506) in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 respectively, which was the most common among all lymph node stations. Metastatic rates of left para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node(lRLN LN) were the second, with 8.1%(5/62), 17.4%(26/149) and 24.7%(125/506) in stage T1, T2, T3 @entity1 respectively. Follow-up period lasted more than 5 years. The 5-year survival rates of positive rRLN LN were 53.8%, 39.5% and 32.2% in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 respectively, whose EI values were 11.3, 11.4 and 9.5 respectively. The 5-year survival rates of positive lRLN LN were 40.0%, 34.6% and 40.0% in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity1 respectively, whose EI values were 3.2, 6.0 and 9.9 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes are the common sites of @entity3 in middle @entity1721 . Right para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy is of high clinical value despite the T staging. Left para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy has better efficacy in stage T2 and T3 @entity1 , but is limited in stage T1 @entity1 .

title: [Clinical value of para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy for middle XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']