abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed 212 consecutive @entity1 who underwent stage I palliative surgery for @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) at our institution between January 1983 and June 1993. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six surgeons participated in the care of these @entity1 . Follow-up is 97% complete. Preoperative anatomic and physiological factors and procedural features of the stage I operation were analyzed for impact on stage I mortality, survival to stage II palliation, and actuarial survival. Hospital mortality was not significantly lower during the second half of the study period (P = .242). Operative mortality was 46.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed improved stage I operative survival in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) and @entity472 ( @entity472 ; P = .006). Additional risk factors for stage I mortality were a lower immediately pre-stage I pH (P = .034) and weight < 3 kg (P = .015). Overall first-year actuarial survival for @entity4794 / @entity472 was 59%, and it was 33% for all others (P = .001). Among stage I survivors, @entity1 with @entity4794 / @entity472 were more likely to survive to stage II palliation (P = .031). Analysis of actuarial survival of stage I survivors showed that a smaller ascending aorta (P < .001), aortic @entity1146 (P < .001), and mitral @entity1146 (P = .002) were all risk factors for intermediate @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anatomic and physiological state are predictors of stage I mortality. @entity1699 anatomic subtype also influences intermediate outcome, most notably pre-stage II attrition. These data may be useful in choosing initial management for @entity1 with @entity1699 .

title: Ten-year institutional experience with palliative surgery for XXXX . Risk factors related to stage I mortality.

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and histopathologic features distinguishing an extensive complex @entity12556 of the epibulbar surface and to address the management of such lesions. METHODS: Clinical history, diagnostic imaging studies, and histopathologic sections stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 were reviewed from a 2-year-old @entity1 with a @entity3169 of the right eye that was surgically excised. RESULTS: The @entity1 clinically displayed an extensive, vascularized amelanotic @entity3169 located superotemporally with extension onto the @entity267 . Her visual acuity was reduced to 20/670. The clinical diagnosis was a large lacrimal gland @entity12556 with @entity2687 and resulting deprivation @entity4457 . The @entity1 underwent an excision of the lesion including the corneal portion, and the ocular surface was reconstructed with amniotic membrane. Histopathologic evaluation disclosed lobules of lacrimal tissue and cartilage plaques, smooth muscle, and nerves consistent with a complex @entity12556 . Six weeks postoperatively, the visual acuity had improved to 20/180. The @entity1 returned to her local ophthalmologist for @entity4457 management. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the importance of recognizing lesion-induced @entity4457 and the timely performance of appropriate surgery for complex epibulbar @entity12556 . A differential diagnosis of other @entity66 is provided.

title: XXXX : Diagnostic Clues and Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival lesion', 'congenital conjunctival lesion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital epibulbar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal involvement']

entities_list: @entity12556 :: ('MESH:D002828', 'Disease') :: ['choristoma', 'choristomas']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity12556 :: (MESH:D002828,Disease) :: ['Diffuse Epibulbar Complex Lacrimal-Cartilaginous Choristoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well accepted that @entity1 with severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) benefit from mitral valve repair; however, the management of those with less than severe leakage is controversial. Watchful waiting is often advocated and considered safe, but the risk of developing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction under medical management is unknown. METHODS: Using a population-based County-wide study database, we analyzed echocardiograms during clinical follow-up and medical management of 204 @entity1 with @entity3454 and less-than-severe @entity339 . @entity1002 was defined per American Heart Association guidelines as an ejection fraction (EF) <60% or LV end-systolic dimension > 40 mm. RESULTS: At index examination, mean age was 57 years and 121 (59%) were @entity1 . The mean EF was 62%, and 62 (30%) had evidence of @entity1002 . @entity339 severity was mild in 121 (59%), mild-moderate in 23 (11%), moderate in 36 (18%) and moderate-severe in 24 (12%). During follow-up (mean 8.6 years), 79 @entity1 (39%) demonstrated progression of @entity339 by at least one grade. Greater degrees of regurgitation at index echocardiogram were associated with greater progression during follow-up (P=0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, body surface area (BSA), and baseline regurgitation grade, multivariable modeling revealed that larger LV end-diastolic dimension (odds ratio (OR)=1.14; P=0.0018) and greater diastolic septal thickness (OR=1.40; P=0.0211) predicted greater progression of @entity339 with time. From initial diagnosis to follow-up echocardiography, EF declined, while left-heart dimensions and pulmonary arterial pressure increased. Of the 142 @entity1 with normal baseline LV function, 52% developed either worsening @entity339 or de novo @entity1002 . Importantly, even in the 87 @entity1 with stable regurgitation, 18 (21%) developed new @entity1002 during follow-up. Fifty-two @entity1 (25%) eventually underwent mitral valve repair. Following surgery, there were significant decreases in EF, LV end-diastolic dimensions and LV mass; while 11 developed de novo @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Over half of @entity1 with chronic persistent, but sub-severe @entity339 due to @entity3454 develop @entity1002 or worsening regurgitation despite optimal medical management. LV deterioration can occur even in the absence of @entity339 progression. These data advocate for the development of detailed guidelines supporting frequent echocardiographic monitoring and the identification of earlier triggers for surgical consideration prior to the development of @entity1002 in this @entity1 population.

title: Management of less-than-severe XXXX : should guidelines recommend earlier surgical intervention?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral leaflet prolapse', 'mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Light plays a key role in synchronizing rhythms and setting the phase of early development. However, to date, little is known about the impact of light wavelengths during the ontogeny of the molecular clock and the behavioural rhythmicity. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of light of different wavelengths (white, blue and red) on the onset of locomotor activity and clock gene ( @entity41117 , @entity41118 , clock1, @entity41115 and @entity73181 ) expression rhythms. For this purpose, 4 groups of @entity3392 embryo/larvae were raised from 0 to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) under the following lighting conditions: three groups maintained under light:dark (LD) cycles with white (full visible spectrum, LDW), blue (LDB), or red light (LDR), and one group raised under constant darkness ( @entity336 ). The results showed that lighting conditions influenced activity rhythms. Larvae were arrhythmic under @entity336 , while under LD cycles they developed wavelength-dependent daily activity rhythms which appeared earlier under LDB (4 dpf) than under LDW or LDR (5 dpf). The results also revealed that development and lighting conditions influenced clock gene expression. While clock1 rhythmic expression appeared in all lighting conditions at 7 dpf, @entity41117 , @entity41118 and @entity73181 showed daily variations already at 3 dpf. Curiously, @entity41115 showed consistent rhythmic expression from embryonic stage (0 dpf). Summarizing, the data revealed that daily rhythms appeared earlier in the larvae reared under LDB than in those reared under LDW and LDR. These results emphasize the importance of lighting conditions and wavelengths during early development for the ontogeny of daily rhythms of gene expression and how these rhythms are reflected on the behavioural rhythmicity of @entity3392 larvae.

title: The Light Wavelength Affects the Ontogeny of Clock Gene Expression and Activity Rhythms in XXXX Larvae.

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: Demonstration of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) to negatively charged phospholipids (PL) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) requires the presence of certain phospholipid-binding plasma proteins, eg, beta 2-glycoprotein I. We found a requirement for plasma against the electrically neutral or zwitterionic phospholipid, @entity3633 (PE). Two of these PE-binding plasma proteins were identified as @entity13474 ( @entity13474 ) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK). We studied anti-PE antibody (aPE) seropositive plasma from 13 @entity1 with @entity1252 and/or recurrent @entity2208 by using partially purified kininogens and kininogen binding proteins from adult bovine serum isolated by @entity5070 (CM)-papain affinity chromatography. Eleven of 13 sera recognized a kininogen-PE complex and/or a kininogen-binding protein-kininogen-PE complex. Some aPE-positive @entity1 sera were shown to recognize highly purified @entity13474 and LMWK by ELISA only when the kininogens were presented on a PE substrate. These aPE sera did not recognize PE, @entity13474 , or LMWK when they were presented independently as the sole antigens on the ELISA plates. Other aPE-positive sera that did not react with PE-bound @entity13474 or LMWK reacted with the CM-papain column eluate when it was bound to PE, which suggests that these aPE recognize factor XI or prekallikrein, which normally bind to @entity13474 . The aPE ELISA reactivity of two @entity1 sera were inhibited by preincubation of the CM-papain column eluate in the ELISA plate. These data show that most aPE are not specific for PE but require the presence of certain PL-binding plasma proteins that are kininogens or proteins in complex with kininogens. Our studies indicate that aPE bind to different plasma proteins than those implicated in anionic PL, aPA ELISA reactivity.

title: Autoantibodies to XXXX (PE) recognize a kininogen-PE complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high molecular weight kininogen', 'HMWK']

answer: @entity3633 :: (MESH:C483858,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']


abstract: The aim of the study was to document during one to two years individual rhythmic patterns in blood @entity413 and injected @entity2690 in self-controlled @entity2690 dependent (C-peptide negative) diabetics with home blood @entity413 monitoring. Two females and four males with diurnal activity from 0700 to 2300 self-determined their blood @entity413 three to six times a day over a period of 12-27 months. Circadian and ultradian rhythms were analysed for each subject on a monthly basis to document annual rhythms. Blood @entity413 (BG) estimated circadian acrophases were located between 2200 and 0300 for all @entity1 and months with few exceptions. A correlation was found between circadian mesors and amplitudes of BG in four subjects. Annual changes in BG were validated for each subject with large interindividual differences in peak times. The individual mean of injected @entity2690 (II) varied from 40 to 80 iU with annual changes validated for each subject. A group pattern was observed with a peak time either in the autumn (four @entity1 ) or in the summer (two @entity1 ). A circadian rhythm of II was detected in almost all monthly means and for all @entity1 . Locations of computed peak time phi of II exhibited a great stability for a given individual but large interindividual differences. Thus the rather constant phi location of BG for all subjects contrasted with interindividual differences in phi locations of II. These results suggest that rhythmic changes in BG and II should be recognized when forming a realistic strategy for timing and dosing time(s) of @entity2690 .

title: Ultradian, circadian and circannual rhythms of blood XXXX and injected insulins documented in six self-controlled adult diabetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Between June 1977 and April 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) sponsored a Phase III randomized study investigating fast neutron radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced (Stage C and D1) @entity263 . @entity1 were randomized to receive either conventional photon radiation therapy or fast neutron irradiation used in a mixed-beam treatment schedule (neutron/photon). A total of 91 analyzable @entity1 were entered in the study; 78 of them were treated without major protocol deviations. The two treatment groups were balanced in regard to all major prognostic variables. Actuarial curves for "overall" survival, "determinantal" survival and local/regional control are presented both for the entire group of 91 @entity1 and the 78 @entity1 treated within protocol guidelines. The overall @entity5 recurrence rate is 7% for the mixed-beam treated group of @entity1 and is 22% for the photon (X ray) treated group of @entity1 . The difference is statistically significant at the p = 0.05 level. For the entire group of 91 evaluable @entity1 , the 5-year "overall" survival rate is 62% for the mixed-beam-treated group and 35% for the photon-treated group. This difference is also statistically significant (p less than 0.05). However, this statistical significance is lost when the smaller number of @entity1 treated strictly within protocol guidelines is considered. The significance is regained (p less than 0.02) when one looks at "determinantal" survival, which uses active cancer at time of death as the failure endpoint. This study demonstrates that a regional treatment modality, in this case mixed-beam irradiation, can influence both @entity5 control and survival in @entity1 with locally-advanced @entity263 .

title: Fast neutron radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : results of an RTOG randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local/regional tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of a noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure (PAP) support system for @entity2613 @entity1 with acute @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS: Retrospective case series analysis of @entity2613 @entity1 presenting with acute @entity712 in imminent need of endotracheal intubation (ETI) managed with a bi-level PAP system. The bi-level PAP system was applied at the discretion of the treating emergency physician. Management of the bi-level PAP system, including setting of inspiratory PAP (IPAP) and expiratory PAP (EPAP), weaning, adjunct pharmacologic therapy, and failure of bi-level PAP support, was determined by the treating physician. RESULTS: Only two (9%) of 22 @entity1 presentations necessitated ETI. The mean duration of bi-level PAP therapy was 7.9 hours. The mean maximum IPAP and EPAP settings were 10.8 and 5.8 cm @entity2507 , respectively. Mean intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) was 2.4 days, with a median LOS of only 1 day. There were three deaths in the series; none were attributed to the bi-level PAP system. No technical difficulty with the bi-level PAP system was noted. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive pressure support ventilation with a bi-level PAP support system may avert ETI in acute @entity712 @entity1 . This device can be effectively used by @entity2613 personnel.

title: Bi-level positive airway pressure support system use in acute XXXX : preliminary case series.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity2142 , @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), or fat @entity887 (FES) with pressurized intraosseous (IO) blood transfusion following @entity548 . METHODS: A controlled, repeated-measures, randomized animal study with blinded pathologic evaluations was conducted. Sixteen @entity4485 -anesthetized, instrumented immature @entity1707 underwent a 20-mL/kg @entity548 into @entity1792 - @entity1391 - @entity413 bags, then received autologous blood transfusion via a 16-ga i.v. catheter (eight), or via a 15-ga IO needle in the proximal tibia (eight) under maximal manual pressure using a 30-mL syringe. At baseline and at one hour and 48 hours posttransfusion, blood samples were assayed for @entity7825 (Hb), schistocytes, free Hb in plasma, @entity648 , @entity880 dehydrogenase, platelets, fibrinogen, and @entity133 gradient. Lung sections were examined for @entity32 after @entity1710 / @entity1711 stain, and for @entity7123 after oil red-O-stain. Kidney sections were examined for @entity32 using @entity1710 / @entity1711 stain. RESULTS: Though the IO transfusion rate of 21 +/- 6 mL/min was slower than the i.v. rate of 35 +/- 5 mL/min (p = 0.0012), all the animals returned to baseline blood pressure within 15 minutes and survived. The presence of schistocytes and mildly elevated free Hb in plasma was noted in both groups at baseline and each time period, and was presumed to be due to sampling from the arterial catheter. All other laboratory values remained within normal limits and without intergroup differences at any time period. No fat @entity887 was noted, and all lung and kidney specimens were free of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: In this model, pressurized IO blood transfusion appears to be hematologically safe, i.e., without risk of appreciable @entity2142 , @entity5642 , or FES.

title: Hematologic safety of intraosseous blood transfusion in a @entity1707 model of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-arteriolar O2']

entities_list: @entity7123 :: ('MESH:D004620', 'Disease') :: ['fat emboli']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolus', 'embolism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic hypovolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity2142 , @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), or fat @entity887 (FES) with pressurized intraosseous (IO) blood transfusion following @entity548 . METHODS: A controlled, repeated-measures, randomized animal study with blinded pathologic evaluations was conducted. Sixteen @entity4485 -anesthetized, instrumented immature @entity1707 underwent a 20-mL/kg @entity548 into @entity1792 - @entity1391 - @entity413 bags, then received autologous blood transfusion via a 16-ga i.v. catheter (eight), or via a 15-ga IO needle in the proximal tibia (eight) under maximal manual pressure using a 30-mL syringe. At baseline and at one hour and 48 hours posttransfusion, blood samples were assayed for @entity7825 (Hb), schistocytes, free Hb in plasma, @entity648 , @entity880 dehydrogenase, platelets, fibrinogen, and @entity133 gradient. Lung sections were examined for @entity32 after @entity1710 / @entity1711 stain, and for @entity7123 after oil red-O-stain. Kidney sections were examined for @entity32 using @entity1710 / @entity1711 stain. RESULTS: Though the IO transfusion rate of 21 +/- 6 mL/min was slower than the i.v. rate of 35 +/- 5 mL/min (p = 0.0012), all the animals returned to baseline blood pressure within 15 minutes and survived. The presence of schistocytes and mildly elevated free Hb in plasma was noted in both groups at baseline and each time period, and was presumed to be due to sampling from the arterial catheter. All other laboratory values remained within normal limits and without intergroup differences at any time period. No fat @entity887 was noted, and all lung and kidney specimens were free of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: In this model, pressurized IO blood transfusion appears to be hematologically safe, i.e., without risk of appreciable @entity2142 , @entity5642 , or FES.

title: Hematologic safety of intraosseous blood transfusion in a XXXX model of pediatric @entity548 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels are well established as an inverse risk factor for @entity731 . This fact is probably related to the ability of HDL to induce @entity165 efflux from the vascular cell. It is also possible that HDL affects the production of different mediators implicated in the development of atheroslerosis. Endothelin is a vasconstricting mitogenic peptide involved in the development of @entity731 . We studied whether native HDL, oxidized HDL and @entity19858 HDL modulate the endothelin secretion of cultured adult @entity291 aortic endothelial cells. METHODS: We determined the effect of native HDL and modified HDLs (oxidized HDL and @entity19858 HDL) on the secretion of endothelin by cultured adult @entity291 aortic endothelial cells. An endothelin radioimmunoassay system was used to quantify levels of immunoreactive endothelin in the cultured media. RESULTS: Native HDL, @entity19858 HDL and oxidized HDL produced a highly significant stimulation of endothelin secretion (maximum 294% of control), even at low concentrations (10 and 20 micrograms/ml). Oxidized HDL2 and oxidized HDL3 produced a biphasic effect, with maximum secretion occurring with 100 micrograms/ml oxidized HDL3 (294% of control) and 50 micrograms/ml oxidized HDL2 (252% of control). The secretion of the peptide decreased with higher concentrations of oxidized HDL2 and oxidized HDL3. CONCLUSION: Because modified HDLs (oxidized HDL and @entity19858 HDL) do not bind to the 'HDL receptor' to stimulate endothelin secretion, we propose that the stimulation of secretion is mediated by unspecific binding of the lipoprotein to the cell membrane. Nevertheless, oxidized HDL and @entity19858 HDL may stimulate endothelin secretion via the scavenger-receptor pathway. Our results suggest that HDL and modified HDL participate in the regulation of vascular tone.

title: Oxidized high-density lipoproteins modulate endothelin secretion by adult XXXX aortic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity19858 :: ('MESH:D013774', 'Chemical') :: ['tetranitromethane']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A total of 1,924 @entity1 ( @entity309 , 835; @entity571 , 1,073; volunteers, 16) received @entity2852 in United States clinical trials. Nine hundred eighty-eight @entity1 have received @entity2852 treatment for periods of more than one year, and 375 @entity1 have received treatment for longer than two years. Four hundred eighty @entity1 over 65 years of age have received treatment with @entity2852 , and 224 of these elderly @entity1 have received treatment for periods of more than one year. The @entity2852 dose most commonly used in all double-blind trials was 1,000 mg at night. In long-term, open-label studies, which were usually extensions of the double-blind trials, @entity1 could increase the dose to 2,000 mg per day. Nine hundred nineteen @entity1 received doses of more than 1,000 mg per day. Adverse experience information was collected at each visit, including information for some @entity1 receiving treatment for more than three years. Laboratory data were collected periodically throughout the trials, and the data were assessed for trends over time. The adverse experience pattern observed for @entity2852 is similar to that described for clinical trial data for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is noteworthy that the pattern observed for @entity2852 is from clinical trials with approximately 1,000 @entity1 receiving treatment for periods of one year or more. This long-term @entity1 exposure in clinical trials far exceeds long-term clinical trial data for other agents. The types and frequencies of adverse experiences reported by @entity1 treated with @entity2852 are relatively constant over the long time period covered by these trials. Also, the adverse experience patterns remained generally constant over time for various populations: all @entity1 , @entity1 65 or older, female @entity1 , male @entity1 , and @entity1 who received an increased dose of @entity2852 . Although some statistically significant trends were detected for some laboratory parameters, there was little indication of significant clinical patterns. Although there were @entity1 with individually important laboratory values, @entity2852 was not associated with clinically important adverse laboratory patterns. Overall, the adverse experience data and laboratory data indicate that @entity2852 is safe for the treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity571 .

title: Safety evaluation of XXXX in United States clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity2852 :: (MESH:C035605,Chemical) :: ['nabumetone']


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity2852 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity117 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity1 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity309 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity2852 and 131 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity2852 and 121 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity7127 in the @entity2852 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity1 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity1 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity117 -treated @entity1 . These experiences were @entity2416 , @entity490 , and @entity392 . It was concluded that @entity2852 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity309 with less @entity137 than @entity117 .

title: Long-term treatment of @entity309 comparing XXXX with @entity117 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['usually dispepsia']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity2852 :: (MESH:C035605,Chemical) :: ['nabumetone']


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity2852 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity117 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity1 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity309 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity2852 and 131 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity2852 and 121 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity7127 in the @entity2852 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity1 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity1 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity117 -treated @entity1 . These experiences were @entity2416 , @entity490 , and @entity392 . It was concluded that @entity2852 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity309 with less @entity137 than @entity117 .

title: Long-term treatment of @entity309 comparing @entity2852 with XXXX .

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity2852 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity117 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity1 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity309 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity2852 and 131 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity2852 and 121 @entity117 ) @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity7127 in the @entity2852 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity1 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity1 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity117 -treated @entity1 . These experiences were @entity2416 , @entity490 , and @entity392 . It was concluded that @entity2852 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity309 with less @entity137 than @entity117 .

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX comparing @entity2852 with @entity117 .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity3724 in @entity1007 or @entity5703 (types II A and II B @entity407 , respectively), 240 @entity1 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity1 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity3724 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity3724 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity3724 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity1910 . In 180 @entity753 @entity1 randomly assigned to receive @entity3724 versus placebo, @entity412 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity3724 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity1 , @entity412 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity1 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity753 @entity1 and maximal @entity412 and @entity165 level lowering in @entity6308 @entity1 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity1 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity1 . @entity3724 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity412 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity731 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity3724 , reductions in @entity65 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 should result from @entity3724 treatment.

title: Effects of XXXX on plasma lipoproteins in @entity1007 and @entity5703 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemias']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3724 :: (MESH:D011345,Chemical) :: ['fenofibrate']


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity3724 in @entity1007 or @entity5703 (types II A and II B @entity407 , respectively), 240 @entity1 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity1 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity3724 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity3724 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity3724 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity1910 . In 180 @entity753 @entity1 randomly assigned to receive @entity3724 versus placebo, @entity412 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity3724 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity1 , @entity412 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity1 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity753 @entity1 and maximal @entity412 and @entity165 level lowering in @entity6308 @entity1 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity1 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity1 . @entity3724 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity412 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity731 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity3724 , reductions in @entity65 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 should result from @entity3724 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity3724 on plasma lipoproteins in XXXX and @entity5703 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity3724 in @entity1007 or @entity5703 (types II A and II B @entity407 , respectively), 240 @entity1 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity1 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity3724 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity3724 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity3724 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity1910 . In 180 @entity753 @entity1 randomly assigned to receive @entity3724 versus placebo, @entity412 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity3724 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity1 , @entity412 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity165 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity1 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity753 @entity1 and maximal @entity412 and @entity165 level lowering in @entity6308 @entity1 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity1 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity1 . @entity3724 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity412 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity731 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity3724 , reductions in @entity65 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity1 should result from @entity3724 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity3724 on plasma lipoproteins in @entity1007 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5703 :: (MESH:D006950,Disease) :: ['combined hyperlipidemia']


abstract: The small bHLHZip protein, Max, was originally identified through its interaction with @entity517 family proteins and appears to be an obligate partner for @entity517 function. Max has now been found to interact with at least two other proteins, @entity9613 and @entity29243 . These also belong to the bHLHZip class but are otherwise unrelated to @entity517 . @entity9613 has been shown to abrogate the positive transcriptional activity of @entity517 and to inhibit @entity517 in co-transformation assays. This suggests that @entity9613 may antagonize @entity517 function. @entity9613 is rapidly induced upon differentiation, a time when @entity517 is frequently down-regulated. We show here evidence for @entity9613 expression upon differentiation of myeloblasts, monoblasts, and keratinocytes. @entity9613 :Max complexes are detected during differentiation and appear to replace the @entity517 :Max complexes present in proliferating cell populations. Since these complexes appear to form even in the presence of @entity517 , there may exist mechanisms that act to inhibit @entity517 :Max, or to promote @entity9613 :Max, complex formation. We speculate that Max complex switching causes a change in the transcriptional activity of groups of target genes. @entity9613 is not induced in all differentiating cell types, suggesting that other, possibly tissue-restricted, proteins might act in similar switch mechanisms to effect changes in transcriptional programs. We have also developed an approach to identification of the gene targets for @entity517 :Max complexes. By employing an immunoisolation procedure, we have begun characterization of several clones whose expression levels correlate with those of @entity517 . Further identification of @entity517 -regulated genes may allow us to determine the molecular mechanism by which @entity517 governs cell proliferation and differentiation.

title: The Max transcription factor network: involvement of XXXX in differentiation and an approach to identification of target genes.

answer: @entity9613 :: (4084,Gene) :: ['Mad']


abstract: A comparative analysis of the influence of chronic administration of the 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist, m-CPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, @entity73182 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days on the @entity148 and @entity308 -like behavior in the adult female @entity35 was performed. The @entity308 in @entity35 was modeled using the Porsolt test. The @entity148 level was assessed in the elevated plus maze test. It was established that @entity73182 induced antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in females during estrous and proestrous periods. The m-CPP administration also resulted in antidepressive effect in both estrous and proestrous periods. A clear modulation was observed in the @entity146 as dependent on the ovarian cycle phases in @entity35 treated with m-CPP: the anxiolytic effect was manifested at an increased level of @entity172 , while anxiogenic effect was manifested at a reduced level of @entity172 . It is suggested that @entity750 subtype receptors are involved to different extent in the mechanisms of @entity146 depending on the alterations of hormonal balance during the ovarian cycle. The data obtained are indicative of a close interaction between the ovarian hormonal and serotonergic systems of the brain in the mechanisms of @entity148 and @entity308 .

title: [Behavioral effects of m-CPP and XXXX during ovarian cycle in female @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity73182 :: ('CHEBI:6123', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-depressive-like behavior', 'anxiety behavior']

answer: @entity73182 :: (CHEBI:6123,Chemical) :: ['ketanserine']


abstract: A comparative analysis of the influence of chronic administration of the 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist, m-CPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, @entity73182 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days on the @entity148 and @entity308 -like behavior in the adult female @entity35 was performed. The @entity308 in @entity35 was modeled using the Porsolt test. The @entity148 level was assessed in the elevated plus maze test. It was established that @entity73182 induced antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in females during estrous and proestrous periods. The m-CPP administration also resulted in antidepressive effect in both estrous and proestrous periods. A clear modulation was observed in the @entity146 as dependent on the ovarian cycle phases in @entity35 treated with m-CPP: the anxiolytic effect was manifested at an increased level of @entity172 , while anxiogenic effect was manifested at a reduced level of @entity172 . It is suggested that @entity750 subtype receptors are involved to different extent in the mechanisms of @entity146 depending on the alterations of hormonal balance during the ovarian cycle. The data obtained are indicative of a close interaction between the ovarian hormonal and serotonergic systems of the brain in the mechanisms of @entity148 and @entity308 .

title: [Behavioral effects of m-CPP and @entity73182 during ovarian cycle in female XXXX ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Microvessels, the main components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are vulnerable to oxidative damage during @entity167 -induced stress. @entity167 produces oxidative damage within the vessels and in the brain. Using our animal model of catheter implant into the common carotid artery (CCA), we trace the footprints of @entity167 -induced oxidative damage and inflammatory process at the BBB and into the brain. The uniqueness of the finding is that @entity1068 causes oxidative damage in all neurovascular components by activating @entity1110 oxidase and inducible @entity842 synthase in the brain. It is not the oxidants but the @entity1068 that traverses through the BBB because we found that the highly reactive @entity6710 does not cross the BBB. Thus, oxidative damage is caused at the site of oxidant production in the microvessels and in the brain. Our data indicate that @entity3094 (the primary metabolite of @entity1068 ) is the inducer/activator of these enzymes that generate oxidants in brain neurovascular cells. Evidence for @entity167 -induced @entity75 is indicated by the alterations of the tight junction protein @entity11177 in intact microvessels. Importantly, we demonstrate that the site of BBB oxidative damage is also the site of immune cells aggregation in the microvessels, which paves the path for inflammatory footprints. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms that @entity1068 -elicited BBB oxidative damage initiates the brain vascular inflammatory process, which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation.

title: The inflammatory footprints of XXXX -induced oxidative damage in neurovascular components.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BBB damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: The efficacy of coronary bypass grafting obviously being linked to graft patency, it is compulsory to look for any innovation that could improve the patency rate. @entity1396 , an antiplatelet drug, was tested against placebo in a double-blind trial: 173 @entity1 (475 grafts) subjected to venous coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly treated with @entity1396 (250 mg twice daily) or placebo from the second postoperative day for 12 months. Graft patency was assessed by digital angiography on days 10 (99.4% of the @entity1 ), 180 (98.2%), and 360 (91.7%). The effect of treatment on @entity1423 and bleeding time were measured concomitantly; a clear-cut effect was demonstrated at each interval. Intention-to-treat graft-by-graft analysis shows that @entity1396 significantly reduced the graft occlusion rate on day 10 (7.1% versus 13.4%, p less than 0.05), day 180 (15.0% versus 24.0%, p less than 0.02), and day 360 (15.9% versus 26.1%, p less than 0.01). Sequential grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery, with side-to-side @entity254 to diagonal branch(es), are less frequently occluded than individual grafts. On the contrary, grafts to endarterectomized vessels occlude more frequently. Individual @entity1 -by- @entity1 analysis shows that patency of all grafts at each study time, is more frequent in the @entity1396 group. The difference is significant when one considers @entity1 without sequential or endarterectomized grafts. The difference is also present at each study time: day 10 (84.4% versus 66.7%, p less than 0.05), day 180 (74.4% versus 52.3%, p less than 0.05) and day 360 (75.0% versus 52.5%, p less than 0.05). Results are even more impressive if one excludes from analysis the four @entity1 in the @entity1396 group in whom administration of the drug was delayed. This supports previous suggestions that early therapy is necessary. These results show that graft occlusion occurs mainly in the first 6 postoperative months. The incidence of occlusion is significantly reduced by @entity1396 therapy.

title: Prevention of aorta-coronary bypass graft occlusion. Beneficial effect of XXXX on early and late patency rates of venous coronary bypass grafts: a double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity1396 :: (MESH:D013988,Chemical) :: ['ticlopidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of high-grade @entity5436 ( @entity3354 ) is controversial and could include surgical excision, topical medication, brachytherapy, or other treatments. We report the results of low-dose-rate (LDR) vaginal brachytherapy for grade 3 @entity3354 ( @entity3354 ) over a 25-year period at Gustave Roussy Institute. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the files of all @entity1 treated at Gustave Roussy Institute for @entity3354 since 1985. The treatment consisted of LDR brachytherapy using a personalized vaginal mold and delivered 60 Gy to 5 mm below the vaginal mucosa. All @entity1 had at least an annual gynecological examination, including a vaginal smear. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were eligible. The median follow-up was 41 months. Seven @entity1 had a follow-up <2 years, and the median follow-up for the remaining 21 @entity1 was 79 months. The median age at brachytherapy was 63 years (range, 38-80 years). Twenty-six @entity1 had a history of @entity3354 recurring after @entity3146 and 24 had a previous hysterectomy. The median brachytherapy duration was 4.5 days. Median doses to the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements rectum and bladder points were 68 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. The median prescription volume (60 Gy) was 74 cm(3). Only one "in field" recurrence occurred, corresponding to a 5- and 10-year local control rate of 93% (95% confidence interval, 70%-99%). The treatment was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 late @entity137 and only one grade 2 digestive @entity137 . No second @entity5 were reported. CONCLUSION: LDR brachytherapy is an effective and safe treatment for @entity5436 .

title: Low-dose-rate definitive brachytherapy for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia']


abstract: @entity5132 , the most common fungal pathogen of @entity1 , possesses an @entity2931 ( @entity172 )-binding protein ( @entity32799 ) that binds oestrogens with high affinity and specificity. The gene that encodes the @entity32799 (CaEBP1) has been cloned and sequenced and shown to be structurally related to the old yellow enzyme from @entity375 . Here, we report the purification and the subcellular localization of the @entity32799 from @entity5132 . Using ion-exchange chromatography and an @entity53 affinity column, the @entity32799 was purified from a strain of @entity5132 422) which was selected because it constitutively expressed elevated levels of the binding protein. The purified protein displayed a subunit molecular mass of approximately 46 kDa when examined by denaturing gel electrophoresis, which is consistent with the size estimated from the sequence of the cloned CaEBP1 gene. An immunoaffinity column, prepared using a polyclonal antisera generated against @entity32799 , depleted the @entity2931 -binding activity from @entity5132 cell extracts. Western blot analysis showed that the antisera specifically recognized the @entity32799 from C. albicans. The antibodies also recognized the protein when the cloned CaEBP1 gene was expressed in @entity375 and did not cross react with @entity375 proteins. Using electron microscopy and antigen detection by immunogold staining, the @entity32799 appeared to be primarily associated with vacuoles. However, when overexpressed in @entity375 , the @entity32799 was found diffusely throughout the cell. In conclusion, the @entity32799 has been purified from C. albicans and antibodies generated against the protein were used to demonstrate that @entity32799 is found associated with vacuoles in @entity5132 .

title: XXXX -binding protein in Candida albicans: antibody development and cellular localization by electron immunocytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. albicans (strain', 'Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['Oestrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , two @entity5 with similar immunohistological characteristics, have vastly different biologic behaviors and treatment approaches. As @entity259 commonly spread to the lungs, metastatic @entity259 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a @entity358 or lesions. SUMMARY: A 54-year-old @entity1 with a remote history of @entity1149 was found to have FDG avidity in the thyroid and right cervical lymph nodes. Subsequent ultrasonographic findings and FNA cytology led to a total thyroidectomy, bilateral central lymphadenectomy, and right modified radical lymph node dissection for primary @entity259 . Reviews and comparisons of the pulmonary and cervical surgical specimens revealed that the @entity1 had been misdiagnosed for the previous 6 years; she had metastatic @entity3557 to the lung. The @entity1 's original diagnosis of @entity5 was based upon the original lung biopsy showing positive @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) immunostaining. The original diagnosis was questioned because of her long survival when she was diagnosed with locally advanced @entity3557 . Further analyses of the immunohistological characteristics of both surgical specimens--including staining for @entity7457 , @entity3745 , @entity4755 , S-100, and CEA--documented the correct diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of the natural history and surgical pathology, including immunohistology, of lung and @entity259 is necessary for a correct and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Because @entity7457 expression is seen in both @entity2 , careful consideration should be given to both @entity5 when evaluating @entity1 with thyroid and pulmonary nodules.

title: Metastatic @entity3557 misdiagnosed as non-small [corrected] cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV lung cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid and lung cancers', 'thyroid and lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , two @entity5 with similar immunohistological characteristics, have vastly different biologic behaviors and treatment approaches. As @entity259 commonly spread to the lungs, metastatic @entity259 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a @entity358 or lesions. SUMMARY: A 54-year-old @entity1 with a remote history of @entity1149 was found to have FDG avidity in the thyroid and right cervical lymph nodes. Subsequent ultrasonographic findings and FNA cytology led to a total thyroidectomy, bilateral central lymphadenectomy, and right modified radical lymph node dissection for primary @entity259 . Reviews and comparisons of the pulmonary and cervical surgical specimens revealed that the @entity1 had been misdiagnosed for the previous 6 years; she had metastatic @entity3557 to the lung. The @entity1 's original diagnosis of @entity5 was based upon the original lung biopsy showing positive @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) immunostaining. The original diagnosis was questioned because of her long survival when she was diagnosed with locally advanced @entity3557 . Further analyses of the immunohistological characteristics of both surgical specimens--including staining for @entity7457 , @entity3745 , @entity4755 , S-100, and CEA--documented the correct diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of the natural history and surgical pathology, including immunohistology, of lung and @entity259 is necessary for a correct and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Because @entity7457 expression is seen in both @entity2 , careful consideration should be given to both @entity5 when evaluating @entity1 with thyroid and pulmonary nodules.

title: Metastatic XXXX misdiagnosed as non-small [corrected] cell @entity2 .

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) @entity170 and @entity2521 . Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% @entity1 ) aged 59-96 years. @entity2521 was defined by alveolar @entity604 assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values  <=-2.5 ( @entity170 ) were found in 16.3% of @entity1 and in 8.1% of @entity1 . PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 ( @entity170 , adjusted) were found in 34.2% of @entity1 and in 21.4% of @entity1 . The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in @entity1 (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and @entity1 (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). @entity2521 was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level >= 5 mm. Subjects with @entity170 defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of @entity170 and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson   (2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between @entity170 and @entity2521 was only found in @entity1 for the T-value cut-off  <=-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between @entity170 and @entity2521 was only confirmed in @entity1 . The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.

title: XXXX and @entity2521 in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge).

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) @entity170 and @entity2521 . Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% @entity1 ) aged 59-96 years. @entity2521 was defined by alveolar @entity604 assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values  <=-2.5 ( @entity170 ) were found in 16.3% of @entity1 and in 8.1% of @entity1 . PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 ( @entity170 , adjusted) were found in 34.2% of @entity1 and in 21.4% of @entity1 . The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in @entity1 (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and @entity1 (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). @entity2521 was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level >= 5 mm. Subjects with @entity170 defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of @entity170 and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson   (2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between @entity170 and @entity2521 was only found in @entity1 for the T-value cut-off  <=-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between @entity170 and @entity2521 was only confirmed in @entity1 . The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.

title: @entity170 and XXXX in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge).

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7953 was identified in a @entity1 with @entity393 ( @entity393 ), a left @entity62483 , and bilateral @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity15902 including fluctuating @entity393 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity1 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity15902 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity1 with @entity5807 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity393 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity393 , @entity392 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity393 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7953 , @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity22536 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity393 with no @entity394 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity28864 ( @entity73183 ) in @entity7953 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , or @entity22536 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a @entity5807 @entity1 with a XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity5807 :: ('MESH:D019280', 'Disease') :: ['branchio-oto syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged vestibular aqueducts', 'EVA']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity62483 :: ('MESH:C538131', 'Disease') :: ['preauricular pit']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['familial hearing loss', 'HL']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity7953 :: (6495,Gene) :: ['SIX1']


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7953 was identified in a @entity1 with @entity393 ( @entity393 ), a left @entity62483 , and bilateral @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity15902 including fluctuating @entity393 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity1 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity15902 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity1 with @entity5807 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity393 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity393 , @entity392 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity393 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7953 , @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity22536 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity393 with no @entity394 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity28864 ( @entity73183 ) in @entity7953 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , or @entity22536 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a XXXX @entity1 with a @entity7953 mutation.

answer: @entity5807 :: (MESH:D019280,Disease) :: ['branchio-oto syndrome']


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7953 was identified in a @entity1 with @entity393 ( @entity393 ), a left @entity62483 , and bilateral @entity15902 ( @entity15902 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity15902 including fluctuating @entity393 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity1 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity15902 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity1 with @entity5807 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity393 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity393 , @entity392 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity393 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7953 , @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity22536 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity393 with no @entity394 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity28864 ( @entity73183 ) in @entity7953 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity62484 , @entity6361 , @entity3492 , or @entity22536 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a @entity5807 XXXX with a @entity7953 mutation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Cytochrome bd has been purified from @entity1486 by a new simplified procedure. The @entity1446 and total @entity68 content has been measured, as has the number of high affinity CO and NO binding sites. Spectral changes indicate high affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity1446 d only, with a stoichiometry of 1 molecule of gas per 2 molecules of @entity1446 b or per 3 atoms of @entity68 . The results clearly define a stoichiometry of one @entity1446 d per complex. Low affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity1446 b595 also occurs at higher ligand concentrations. EPR @entity1446 - @entity11072 signals are seen with NO bound to both hemes b595 and d but with no indication of spin exchange coupling. Exposure of the air-oxidized complex to alkaline pH results in removal of molecular @entity26 from @entity1446 d and a change in line shape of the high spin region of the EPR spectrum. @entity3789 binds to both @entity1446 d and @entity1446 b595 in the air-oxidized complex, displacing molecular @entity26 from @entity1446 d. The rate of @entity3789 binding to @entity1446 d as assessed by spectral changes at 650 nm does not correlate with the rate of binding to @entity73184 as assessed by the loss of the high spin EPR signal. In addition, the @entity3789 binding rate in the presence of reductant is only 3 times that of the rate of binding to the air-oxidized enzyme, in contrast to the @entity920 -containing oxidases where strong redox cooperativity makes these two rates differ by a factor of at least 10(6). The results do not support the idea of the presence of two strongly interacting hemes in a binuclear center.

title: Cytochrome bd oxidase from XXXX . Purification and quantitation of ligand binding to the @entity26 reduction site.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity11072 :: ('CHEBI:16480', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosyl']

entities_list: @entity3789 :: ('CHEBI:17514', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanide', 'Cyanide']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Species') :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Species) :: ['Azotobacter vinelandii']


abstract: Cytochrome bd has been purified from @entity1486 by a new simplified procedure. The @entity1446 and total @entity68 content has been measured, as has the number of high affinity CO and NO binding sites. Spectral changes indicate high affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity1446 d only, with a stoichiometry of 1 molecule of gas per 2 molecules of @entity1446 b or per 3 atoms of @entity68 . The results clearly define a stoichiometry of one @entity1446 d per complex. Low affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity1446 b595 also occurs at higher ligand concentrations. EPR @entity1446 - @entity11072 signals are seen with NO bound to both hemes b595 and d but with no indication of spin exchange coupling. Exposure of the air-oxidized complex to alkaline pH results in removal of molecular @entity26 from @entity1446 d and a change in line shape of the high spin region of the EPR spectrum. @entity3789 binds to both @entity1446 d and @entity1446 b595 in the air-oxidized complex, displacing molecular @entity26 from @entity1446 d. The rate of @entity3789 binding to @entity1446 d as assessed by spectral changes at 650 nm does not correlate with the rate of binding to @entity73184 as assessed by the loss of the high spin EPR signal. In addition, the @entity3789 binding rate in the presence of reductant is only 3 times that of the rate of binding to the air-oxidized enzyme, in contrast to the @entity920 -containing oxidases where strong redox cooperativity makes these two rates differ by a factor of at least 10(6). The results do not support the idea of the presence of two strongly interacting hemes in a binuclear center.

title: Cytochrome bd oxidase from @entity1486 . Purification and quantitation of ligand binding to the XXXX reduction site.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Fifteen adolescents and adults were assessed an average of eighteen years after a type-III open @entity3029 . There were ten lateral and five medial dislocations. Associated injuries included ten injuries of the tibial nerve, seven of which were complicated by @entity6866 ; five @entity12290 ; five lacerations of the posterior tibial artery; twelve articular @entity174 involving the subtalar joint; three articular @entity174 of the talonavicular joint; three @entity174 of the talar dome; and three @entity174 . @entity2530 of the body of the talus was found in five of the fifteen @entity1 . It was treated with a triple arthrodesis in all five @entity1 , one of whom had a subsequent conversion to a pantalar arthrodesis. Subtalar arthrodesis was done, because of post-traumatic @entity571 , in two other @entity1 . On functional assessment at the long-term follow-up examination, all @entity1 reported some @entity158 in the ankle, nine had difficulty climbing stairs, fourteen had difficulty walking on uneven surfaces, and eleven wore modified shoes. The @entity1 who had had a tarsal arthrodesis returned to their pre-injury occupation or to a less strenuous job. Four @entity1 who had persistent @entity6866 did not return to work. We concluded that open @entity3029 is a distinctly severe injury and that only fair functional and poor anatomical results can be expected in most @entity1 .

title: Severe XXXX . Long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'malleolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar dislocation']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['causalgia']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures of the posterior tibial tendon']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['open subtalar dislocations']


abstract: Aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the impact of transoral laser surgery of early @entity5 in elderly @entity1 in terms of feasibility, disease-free survival, overall survival and organ preservation, in a single Institute (European Institute of Oncology). A total of 122 @entity1 (male/female ratio 113/9), over 70s with untreated early stage @entity5 , were consecutively evaluated and treated at the European Institute of Oncology from 2000 to 2008. None had contraindications to general anaesthesia and all @entity1 signed informed consent to this surgical treatment. The severity of pre-operative comorbidities and the intra-operative risk were evaluated according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Grading classification. All @entity1 underwent laser cordectomies according to the European Laryngological Society classification. Histopathological examination demonstrated no evidence of @entity5 (pT0) in 19 @entity1 (calculated only in @entity1 with a previous vocal cord biopsy positive for @entity957 ), pTis in 18, pT1a in 53, pT1b in 16, pT2 in 14 and @entity1803 in 2, respectively. A 10-year overall survival, a @entity5 specific survival and a @entity5 -specific survival were, respectively, 64.9%, 84.8% and 94.3%. In conclusion, transoral laser surgery is feasible in elderly @entity1 with early stage @entity5 , providing good results in terms of disease-free survival, organ preservation and quality of life. Our group of elderly @entity1 had no intra-operative or post-surgical complications and resumed normal activities the day after discharge from hospital. Considering these factors, we can assess, that transoral laser surgery, therefore, represents a modern treatment that should be offered as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy in elderly @entity1 with early @entity5 referred to medical centres with expertise for this surgical procedure.

title: Laser surgery of early XXXX in elderly.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal tumour', 'glottic cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis of @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) may involve a conglomeration of subgroups of serrated @entity1127 . The diagnosis of @entity1127 may therefore be revisited if this is sessile serrated @entity652 (SSA). The aim of this study was to determine clinically and endoscopically relevant information associated with reclassification to SSA. METHODS: After reviewing the data from 1,372 @entity1 who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy, 49 @entity1127 larger than 10 mm were analyzed in this study. Two gastrointestinal pathologists reclassified each of the original 49 @entity1127 as conventional @entity1127 , SSAs, and others. RESULTS: Among the 49 initially diagnosed @entity1127 , 18.4% were reclassified into SSAs or mixed @entity1127 . Overall architectural features were useful for the diagnosis of SSA, but cytological features were less useful. The @entity1 and polyp characteristics did not differ between @entity1127 with and without reclassification of the initial pathological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of SSAs might not be accurately diagnosed in daily clinical practice without any predilection for size, shape, and location. Therefore, when large @entity1127 are diagnosed in clinical practice, it is necessary for physicians to have greater awareness of the diagnosis of SSA and to individualize subsequent surveillance.

title: A significant number of sessile serrated XXXX might not be accurately diagnosed in daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['HPs', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the use of invasive procedures and length of stay for @entity1 admitted with @entity583 to health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service hospitals. BACKGROUND: The HMOs have reduced costs compared with fee-for-service systems by reducing discretionary admissions and decreasing hospital length of stay. It has not been established whether staff-model HMO hospitals also reduce the rate of procedure utilization. METHODS: Using data from a retrospective cohort, we performed univariate and multivariate comparisons of the use of cardiac procedures, length of stay and hospital mortality in 998 @entity1 admitted to two staff-model HMO hospitals and 7,036 @entity1 admitted to 13 fee-for-service hospitals between January 1988 and December 1992. RESULTS: The odds of undergoing coronary angiography were 1.5 times as great for @entity1 admitted to fee-for-service hospitals than for those admitted to HMO hospitals (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9). Similarly, the odds of undergoing coronary revascularization were two times greater in fee-for-service hospitals (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.5). However, higher utilization was strongly associated with the greater availability of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities in fee-for-service hospitals. The length of hospital stay, by contrast, was approximately 1 day shorter in the fee-for-service cohort (7.3 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in staff-model HMO hospitals use fewer invasive procedures and longer lengths of stay to treat @entity1 with @entity583 than physicians in fee-for-service hospitals. This finding, however, appears to be associated with the lack of on-site catheterization facilities at HMO hospitals.

title: Resource utilization in treatment of @entity583 : staff-model health maintenance organization versus fee-for-service hospitals. The MITI Investigators. XXXX Triage and Intervention.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the use of invasive procedures and length of stay for @entity1 admitted with @entity583 to health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service hospitals. BACKGROUND: The HMOs have reduced costs compared with fee-for-service systems by reducing discretionary admissions and decreasing hospital length of stay. It has not been established whether staff-model HMO hospitals also reduce the rate of procedure utilization. METHODS: Using data from a retrospective cohort, we performed univariate and multivariate comparisons of the use of cardiac procedures, length of stay and hospital mortality in 998 @entity1 admitted to two staff-model HMO hospitals and 7,036 @entity1 admitted to 13 fee-for-service hospitals between January 1988 and December 1992. RESULTS: The odds of undergoing coronary angiography were 1.5 times as great for @entity1 admitted to fee-for-service hospitals than for those admitted to HMO hospitals (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9). Similarly, the odds of undergoing coronary revascularization were two times greater in fee-for-service hospitals (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.5). However, higher utilization was strongly associated with the greater availability of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities in fee-for-service hospitals. The length of hospital stay, by contrast, was approximately 1 day shorter in the fee-for-service cohort (7.3 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in staff-model HMO hospitals use fewer invasive procedures and longer lengths of stay to treat @entity1 with @entity583 than physicians in fee-for-service hospitals. This finding, however, appears to be associated with the lack of on-site catheterization facilities at HMO hospitals.

title: Resource utilization in treatment of XXXX : staff-model health maintenance organization versus fee-for-service hospitals. The MITI Investigators. @entity583 Triage and Intervention.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity4858 caused by airsoft guns in @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric @entity1 who sustained @entity4858 related to airsoft guns between November 2005 and December 2007. Place of @entity130 , presenting symptoms and signs, surgical interventions performed, and final visual outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 with a mean age of 8.8    4.0 years (range: 1.5 to 18 years) were examined; 28 were @entity1 (87.5%). Presenting visual acuity ranged from hand motions to 20/20 and could not be assessed in 2 @entity1 . @entity5891 was a common finding that was present in 24 cases, @entity2687 were present in 10 cases, and raised intraocular pressure was present in 7 cases. Seven @entity1 presented with traumatic @entity231 , and two had iridodialysis. Immediate surgical intervention was performed in 7 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 were scheduled for elective surgery. The @entity1 presented after an average of 1.9    1.9 days (range: 4 hours to 6 days) after the injury. Average follow-up was 18 days (range: 7 days to 5 months). Final visual acuity was 20/200 or worse in 5 @entity1 , 20/40 or better in 23 @entity1 , and could not be assessed in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Airsoft guns can cause a variety of serious injuries, sometimes necessitating operative intervention. The long-term morbidity from some of these injuries is significant. Airsoft guns are capable of inflicting serious and permanent @entity16 .

title: XXXX from airsoft toy guns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ocular damage']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal abrasions']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Pediatric ocular injuries']


abstract: Currents carried by @entity8594 through @entity460 channels were recorded in the whole-cell configuration in isolated frog sympathetic neurons. The effect of surface charge on the apparent saturation of the channel with @entity8594 was examined by varying [ @entity8594 ]o and ionic strength. The current increased with [ @entity8594 ]o, and the I-V relation and the activation curve shifted to more positive voltages. The shift of activation could be described by Gouy-Chapman theory, with a surface charge density of 1 e-/140 A2, calculated from the Grahame equation. Changes in ionic strength (replacing @entity21678 with @entity969 ) shifted the activation curve as expected for a surface charge density of 1 e-/85 A2, in reasonable agreement with the value from changing [ @entity8594 ]o. The instantaneous I-V for fully activated channels also changed with ionic strength, which could be described either by a low surface charge density (less than 1 @entity6860 ), or by block by NMG with Kd approximately 300 mM (assuming no surface charge). We conclude that the channel permeation mechanism sees much less surface charge than the gating mechanism. The peak inward current saturated with an apparent Kd = 11.6 mM for @entity8594 , while the instantaneous I-V saturated with an apparent Kd = 23.5 mM at 0 mV. This discrepancy can be explained by a lower surface charge near the pore, compared to the voltage sensor. After correction for a surface charge near the pore of 1 @entity6860 , the instantaneous I-V saturated as a function of local [ @entity8594 ]o, with Kd = 65 mM. These results suggest that the channel pore does bind @entity8594 in a saturable manner, but the current-[ @entity8594 ]o relationship may be significantly affected by surface charge.

title: Surface charge and XXXX channel saturation in bullfrog sympathetic neurons.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity21678 :: ('CHEBI:59732', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-glucamine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: 1. We have investigated whether in @entity1238 embryos, spinal interneurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) receive cholinergic or electrical excitatory input during swimming. The functions of cholinergic excitation during swimming were also investigated. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from rhythmically active presumed premotor interneurons in the dorsal third of the spinal cord. After locally blocking inhibitory potentials with 2 microM strychnine and 40 microM bicuculline, the reliability of spike firing and the amplitude of fast, on-cycle, excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) underlying the single on-cycle spikes were measured during fictive swimming. 3. The nicotinic antagonists @entity2899 and @entity6325 (DH beta E, both 10 microM) reversibly reduced the reliability of the spike firing during swimming and reduced the amplitude of the on-cycle EPSP by 16%. DH beta E also reduced the EPSP amplitude in spinalized embryos by 22%. These results indicate that interneurons receive rhythmic cholinergic excitation from a source within the spinal cord. 4. Combined applications of nicotinic and excitatory @entity535 (EAA) antagonists or @entity3409 ( @entity3280 , 100-200 microM) resulted in complete block of the fast EPSP, suggesting that interneurons do not receive electrical excitation. 5. The nicotinic antagonists @entity6959 and @entity2899 (both 5 microM) reduced the duration of episodes of fictive swimming recorded from the ventral roots, in spinal embryos. When applied in the middle of a long episode, @entity2899 decreased the swimming frequency, ruling out an effect on the initiation pathway. The cholinesterase inhibitor @entity2607 (10 microM) increased the duration of swimming episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology and seroepidemiology of @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) in Hawaii. METHODS: Blood and fine-needle aspirate (FNA) from the lymph nodes of 39 consecutive @entity1 with clinical @entity11102 were cultured for @entity2711 , and blood samples from index @entity468 , stray @entity468 , and @entity235 were cultured and their sera were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test for antibodies to @entity2711 and Afipia felis. Sera from age- and sex-matched @entity1 subjects without cat exposure served as controls. RESULTS: Warthin-Starry staining showed positive results in only 4 of 32 FNAs, and @entity2711 was isolated from only one FNA specimen. All of 38 @entity1 who had two or more sera tested had elevated titers of antibody to @entity2711 . Only 1 of 48 @entity1 control sera had antibody to @entity2711 . Of 31 kittens, 21 had positive blood culture results and elevated antibody titers to @entity2711 . Of three adult @entity468 , all had negative blood culture results, but they had serologic evidence of past @entity281 . Of 23 adult stray @entity468 , 18 had elevated titers of antibody to @entity2711 , but in only one was the blood culture result positive. Results of IFA tests were marginally positive for A. felis in 1 of 29 @entity1 with @entity11102 and in one adult stray cat and one @entity235 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the @entity2711 IFA test is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of @entity281 caused by @entity2711 and for the laboratory diagnosis of @entity11102 , and that FNA is seldom helpful in confirming the diagnosis. We further demonstrated that @entity11102 in Hawaii is due to @entity2711 and that @entity281 is directly linked to the scratch or bite of a kitten. Older @entity468 seldom have @entity2259 but often have serologic evidence of past @entity281 . Our study fails to implicate @entity235 in the epidemiology of @entity11102 in Hawaii, and A. felis was not etiologically implicated in @entity11102 in the @entity1 subjects and animals we studied.

title: XXXX in Hawaii: etiology and seroepidemiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae', 'B. henselae']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity11102 :: (MESH:D002372,Disease) :: ['Cat-scratch disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for @entity27 ( @entity27 ) during childhood and the effects of growth and maturation on CPAP requirements. DESIGN: Retrospective study with use of a written questionnaire administered to pediatric practitioners treating @entity25 . SETTING: Nine academic pediatric @entity25 centers. RESULTS: Data were obtained for 94 @entity1 . Three percent of @entity1 receiving CPAP were less than 1 year, 29% were 1 to 5 years, 36% were 6 to 12 years, and 32% were 13 to 19 years of age; 64% were @entity1 . The longest duration of CPAP use was 4 years. Indications for CPAP included @entity27 associated with @entity28 (27%), @entity2122 (25%), idiopathic @entity27 persisting after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (17%), and trisomy 21 (13%). Continuous positive airway pressure was effective in 81 @entity1 (86%), in one @entity1 it was unsuccessful, and in 12 @entity1 compliance was inadequate. The median pressure required was 8 cm @entity2507 (range, 4 to 20 cm @entity2507 ); pressure requirements were independent of age or diagnosis. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 eventually required a modification of CPAP levels. Complications of CPAP were minor. Sixty-four percent of centers reported difficulty in obtaining funding for CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous positive airway pressure is safe, effective, and well tolerated by @entity1 and adolescents with @entity27 . Experience in @entity1 is limited. As pressure requirements change with @entity1 growth, we recommend that CPAP requirements be regularly reevaluated over time. The marked center-to-center variability in CPAP use suggests that specific indications for this therapy require clarification.

title: Use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure as treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['childhood obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity5 chemoprevention entails the ingestion of dietary or pharmaceutical agents that can prevent, delay, or reverse the process of @entity105 . With support provided by the National @entity5 Institute, we have been actively engaged in the systematic discovery and characterization of natural chemopreventive agents. The typical approach involves identifying active crude substances such as extracts derived from terrestrial plants or marine organisms, utilizing in vitro bioassay systems, followed by the isolation of pure active components. As part of this project, an extract obtained from a nonedible Peruvian legume, Cassia quinquangulata Rich. (Leguminosae), was evaluated and found to be active as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The active component was identified as @entity4025 . Surprisingly broad spectrum activity was observed, indicative of potential to inhibit @entity105 at the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression. This discovery has led to many additional research efforts. There are now around 3,500 papers concerning some aspect of @entity4025 action, yet the molecule is unusually promiscuous and specific mechanisms remain elusive. Considering the structural simplicity of this @entity19971 , the intensity of interest is phenomenal.

title: The phenomenon of XXXX : redefining the virtues of promiscuity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity19971 :: ('CHEBI:26775', 'Chemical') :: ['stilbene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['resveratrol']