abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and pharmacogenetic interaction on the survival of the @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). A total of 285 subjects with @entity712 confirmed by echocardiography were recruited in the period between 1995 and 2003. Baseline characteristics (age, sex, prior history, medication, and echocardiographic findings) and genetic polymorphisms ( @entity1289 gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism; @entity26203 , @entity7742 , @entity29109 , @entity26201 , @entity26701 , and @entity26200 polymorphisms of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene; and @entity7744 polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity7743 )) were collected and matched (by propensity score) in those who received and those who did not receive @entity1289 inhibitors. The @entity1 were followed up to 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to demonstrate the survival trend. The 85 @entity1 who received @entity1289 inhibitors and the other 85 @entity1 who did not were found to have comparable baseline characteristics and polymorphism distribution. Prescription of @entity1289 inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.83; P=0.01), and a lower rate of cardiovascular events at 4000 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.90; P=0.02). In addition, @entity1289 I/D gene D allele was associated with higher overall mortality as compared with the I allele (HR, 2.04; P=0.003). This effect was diminished in those who received @entity1289 inhibitors. The use of @entity1289 inhibitor was associated with a significant decrease in long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in the @entity1 with @entity712 . Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin system genes were also associated, but their effects could be modified by the use of @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: Demonstrating the pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on long-term prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['DHF', 'diastolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['diastolic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in genetics are particularly relevant in the field of @entity717 ( @entity717 ), where sub-microscopic deletions or duplications of genetic material are increasingly implicated as known or suspected causal factors. Data-driven reports on the impact of providing an aetiological explanation in @entity717 are needed to help justify widespread use of new and expensive genetic technologies. METHODS: We conducted a survey of caregivers on the value of a genetic/aetiologic diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), the most common microdeletion syndrome in @entity717 . We also surveyed the opinion of a high-functioning subset of adults with 22q11.2DS themselves. We used standard quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the responses. RESULTS: In total, 73 of 118 surveys were returned (61.9%). There was convergence of quantitative and qualitative results, and consistency between adult @entity1 and caregiver responses. A definitive molecular diagnosis of 22q11.2DS was a critical event with diverse positive repercussions, even if occurring later in life. Frequently cited benefits included greater understanding and certainty, newfound sense of purpose and a platform for advocacy, and increased opportunities to optimise medical, social and educational needs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to characterise the impact of a diagnosis of this representative microdeletion syndrome on adult @entity1 and their families. The results both validate and expand on the theoretical benefits proposed by clinicians and researchers. The use of genome-wide microarray technologies will provide an increasing number of molecular diagnoses. The importance of a diagnosis of 22q11.2DS demonstrated here therefore has implications for changing attitudes about molecular genetic diagnosis that could benefit individuals with @entity717 of currently unknown cause and their families.

title: Caregiver and adult XXXX perspectives on the importance of a diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'intellectual disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase 38 ( @entity30092 ) is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/ @entity6709 /PKC-like family. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of @entity30092 and assessed its role in the cellular stress response. Among various environmental stresses, @entity30092 was specifically activated by @entity274 , and the @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor @entity2307 or @entity584 inhibitor IV suppressed this activation. @entity30092 was also activated by a constitutively active @entity584 or by @entity9459 inhibitor VII. The phosphorylation level of @entity9459 was correlated with the @entity30092 activity, in response to various stimuli and in different cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that @entity9459 physically interacted with @entity30092 in cells. @entity9459 overexpression inhibited the @entity274 -stimulated @entity30092 activity. @entity9459 phosphorylated @entity30092 on residues S6 and T7 in vitro, depending largely on a PKA-mediated priming phosphorylation of @entity30092 on residues @entity8785 and @entity49166 , respectively. @entity30092 's @entity274 -stimulated activity was enhanced by @entity493 substitution at its priming sites and/or at S6 and T7, and it was partially reduced by a phosphomimetic mutation at S6 or T7. @entity30092 knockdown enhanced the @entity274 -induced JNK phosphorylation and cell death. Our results indicate that that @entity9459 inhibits @entity30092 's full activation, and suggest that @entity30092 activation is required to prevent cell death in response to oxidative stress.

title: @entity563 - XXXX kinase 38 is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and modulates oxidative stress-induced cell death.

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: @entity563 - @entity1889 kinase 38 ( @entity30092 ) is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/ @entity6709 /PKC-like family. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of @entity30092 and assessed its role in the cellular stress response. Among various environmental stresses, @entity30092 was specifically activated by @entity274 , and the @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor @entity2307 or @entity584 inhibitor IV suppressed this activation. @entity30092 was also activated by a constitutively active @entity584 or by @entity9459 inhibitor VII. The phosphorylation level of @entity9459 was correlated with the @entity30092 activity, in response to various stimuli and in different cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that @entity9459 physically interacted with @entity30092 in cells. @entity9459 overexpression inhibited the @entity274 -stimulated @entity30092 activity. @entity9459 phosphorylated @entity30092 on residues S6 and T7 in vitro, depending largely on a PKA-mediated priming phosphorylation of @entity30092 on residues @entity8785 and @entity49166 , respectively. @entity30092 's @entity274 -stimulated activity was enhanced by @entity493 substitution at its priming sites and/or at S6 and T7, and it was partially reduced by a phosphomimetic mutation at S6 or T7. @entity30092 knockdown enhanced the @entity274 -induced JNK phosphorylation and cell death. Our results indicate that that @entity9459 inhibits @entity30092 's full activation, and suggest that @entity30092 activation is required to prevent cell death in response to oxidative stress.

title: XXXX - @entity1889 kinase 38 is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and modulates oxidative stress-induced cell death.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['Serine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Removal of the @entity1586 is a routine approach. Polyps larger than 2 cm can not be removed in one piece, the piecemeal technique is to be applied for these cases. The risk for the complications ( @entity548 , perforation) and the @entity5 are higher, than in conventional cases. @entity1 AND METHOD: At the 1st Surgical Department of Semmelweis University the piecemeal technique have been used at 13 @entity1 , among others at five @entity1 who were declared for operation because of the size of the @entity1127 in other institutions. The average size of the @entity1127 was 3,5 cm. Ten @entity1127 in the rectum, three in the sigmoid colon were found. RESULTS: The executing procedure required two sections in two cases. @entity548 started after the procedure in one @entity1 , which was successfully stopped by infiltration the basement of the @entity1127 with adrenalin. The histology showed in situ @entity189 in two @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The risk of removal of large @entity1586 could be undertaken at those endoscopic units where anesthesiologic and surgical background are present, and the @entity1 --in case of unsuccessful removal--could be treated with other minimal invasive therapy (laparoscopic colon resection).

title: [Piecemeal technique at the removal of large rectosigmoid XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'Massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colon polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: @entity1653 are usually benign @entity5 ; however, they can recur after surgical resection and occasionally show histological progression to a higher malignancy grade. Five such rare cases of aggressively recurring @entity1653 were present in our departmental cohort of 923 primary @entity3554 operated over a 17-year period. Four other aggressively recurring @entity3554 with a very similar clinical and histomorphological appearance (three undifferentiated @entity693 , one @entity2698 ) was also included in this study. We investigated whether disease progression can be traced by genetic alterations and whether a pattern of genetic alterations is specific for @entity1653 . A total of 40 specimens from @entity5 and multiple recurrences of the nine @entity1 were analyzed with 26 polymorphic allelic markers for deletions on 1p, 1q, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 22q was observed in all @entity1653 cases at the earliest time point analyzed. Allelic loss at 1p was seen in the original @entity5 in two cases and upon @entity1653 recurrence in two others. Deletion on 10q occurred during @entity5 progression in two cases, and on 9q and 14q in one case. While allelic loss at 22q appears to be an early event in aggressive @entity66 , there is a clear correlation of further deletions on chromosome arms 1p, 9q, 10q, and 14q with histopathological and clinical progression, as shown in these intraindividual trackings. None of these genetic findings were present in the non-meningiomatous @entity3554 , indicating that meningothelial cells have their own lineage-specific genetic pathways towards clinical malignancy.

title: Allelic losses at 1p, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q in the progression of aggressive meningiomas and undifferentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal neoplasms', 'meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningeal sarcomas']


abstract: Advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in increased care of fetal and neonatal airways. These advances have required an exhaustive knowledge of fetal airway anatomy and development. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical development of laryngotracheal structures during the fetal and immediate postnatal period and to correlate these observations with other fetal biometric parameters to estimate developmental particularities of the fetal airway. An anatomical prospective study was based on examination of larynx and @entity825 from 300 routine autopsies of fetuses and @entity1 , free of @entity600 and never intubated. Anatomical measurements of cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, glottis, arytenoid cartilage and @entity825 were performed using a precision calliper and precision divider. Statistical analysis was performed to represent the growth of anatomical structures and to evaluate the correlation with biometric data. Raw data and 10th and 90th percentile curves were fitted satisfactorily with a linear model for gestational age. A linear relationship between laryngotracheal measurement and body weight and height was observed except for glottis length, interarytenoid distance and anterior cricoid height. The diameter of the cricoid lumen was significantly less than that of the @entity825 and glottis lumen. A sexual @entity4238 was noted for thyroid cartilage measurements and interarytenoid distance, with measurements significantly smaller in females. This study reports the anatomical development of normal laryngotracheal structures during the fetal period. Despite the fact that this study was performed during postmortem examination, these observations can be useful to develop criteria, materials and surgical procedures adapted to fetal and neonatal airways as well as for the purposes of early diagnosis and management of @entity600 .

title: Prenatal and early postnatal morphogenesis and growth of XXXX laryngotracheal structures.

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OPTIMAL TREATMENT: @entity1737 is an @entity792 related to a recognized autoantigen. Treatment is aimed at providing symptomatic relief or a pathophysiological effect. The latter approach, with corticosteroid and immunosuppressor regimens, has proven to be effective, improving functional improvement, but at the cost of prolonged treatment over several years with the risk of major adverse effects. Indications and treatment modalities must be carefully weighed. INITIATING TREATMENT: The question is when to start @entity288 or immunosuppressors. A regimen should be initiated when, after all aggravating factors have been eliminated, a well-conducted anticholinesterase treatment remains ineffective with persistent major muscular @entity75 ( @entity1282 , ventilation). @entity288 and immunosuppressors are also indicated if acute episodes occur, even if they regress. TREATMENT REGIMENS: To date, no controlled study has validated any particular therapeutic protocol. Both @entity288 and immunosuppressors are known to provide major improvement in 80% of @entity1 . No one immunosuppressor has been found to be more effective, but @entity500 is prescribed preferentially because of its lower profile of adverse effects. IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Response is relatively rapid to @entity288 which are recommended in combination with @entity500 at treatment onset for more severe cases (brain stem signs or recurrent acute episodes) or secondarily in case of resistance to moderate dose @entity288 . In all cases, treatment must be prolonged for several years. Relapses are frequent after treatment withdrawal.

title: [Treatment of XXXX : role of corticoids and immunosuppressive agents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deficit and brain stem disorders']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['Myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['deglutition']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure to attain peak bone mass during adolescence may be an important contributor to the development of @entity170 . METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study evaluated the relationship between @entity170 risk factors and attainment of bone mass in 239 Wisconsin high school students. Students completed an annual risk assessment questionnaire that included questions about dairy intake, @entity167 use, and smoking. Heel @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured in the 9th grade (year 1) and 12th grade (year 4). RESULTS: A total of 109 students were included in the final analysis of a covariance model used to predict year 4 @entity79 . The model included separate year 1 @entity79 slope and intercept terms for males and females and indicator variables for adequate dairy intake and combined @entity167 habits or smoking habits (overall P<0.001, multiple r2=0.871). The predicted year 4 @entity79 for females was 0.07 g/cm2 plus 85.6% of their year 1 @entity79 . For males, predicted year 4 @entity79 was 0.008 g/cm2 plus 110% of their year 1 @entity79 . Self-reported dairy intake of > or = 4 servings per day was associated with a 0.032 g/cm2 increase in @entity79 , while self-reported smoking or @entity167 use was associated with a decrease in @entity79 of 0.028 g/cm2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity167 or smoking had a significant negative effect on bone density, whereas adequate dairy intake (>4 servings per day) had a favorable effect in Wisconsin adolescents. Sex differences in bone density growth were clearly identified, with males tending to gain @entity79 and females tending to lose @entity79 by year 4.

title: Effects of gender, XXXX , smoking, and dairy consumption on bone mass in Wisconsin adolescents.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Monocytes may contribute to a coagulation process by expression of the tissue factor and by synthesizing factors V, VII, X and XIII. Cultured blood monocytes also express both the tissue plasminogen activator and the plasminogen activator inhibitor I. The present study assesses the ability of @entity1 monocytes to secrete protein C and its cofactor protein S, which are potent inhibitors of the clotting cascade. Monocytes derived from the blood of healthy volunteers and prepared according to Boyum were cultured for up to 36 hours with or without lipopolisaccharide from @entity526 . After different times of incubation, the concentrations of proteins C and S in the supernatants were measured in order to determine synthesis of proteins, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of @entity1880 , the protein synthesis inhibitor. The concentration of protein C was estimated by means of the ELISA Protein C test (Boehringer Mannheim). Protein S concentrations were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell, using monospecific antisera (American Diagnostica Inc., N.Y.). The study showed that @entity1 monocytes, when stimulated by lipopolisaccharide, release proteins C and S in vitro. The concentration of these proteins in the culture supernatants markedly increased with time during the 36-hour observation. The supernatants obtained from the culture of unstimulated monocytes did not contain detectable quantities of the investigated proteins. The exposure of the cells to @entity1880 did not suppress the release of proteins C and S. In conclusion, our results suggest that monocytes are not able to synthesize proteins C and S. They can only release these factors. Furthermore, monocytes may be responsible for coagulation due to the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by protein C.

title: Release of XXXX monocytes protein C and the cofactor protein S in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproductive fitness of mothers of @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: A mail survey assessing pregnancy outcome was carried out among mothers of @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 mothers) treated at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre. The best friends of the @entity4932 mothers served as controls. Besides family history, sociodemographics and reproductive outcomes were measured, including the number of pregnancies, pregnancy complications and gestational age at the time of delivery. RESULTS: @entity4932 mothers (n = 227) and controls (n = 235) had similar sociodemographics and racial backgrounds. On average, @entity4932 mothers reported a greater number of conceptions than controls (3.5 vs 3.1; P = 0.01) but had significantly higher rates of pregnancy complications (25% vs 15%; P<0.001). Corrected for differences in the absolute number of pregnancies between groups, the chances of having a miscarriage [mean (s.d.), 0.12 (0.18) vs 0.09 (0.16); P = 0.02] or preterm delivery [0.08 (0.21) vs 0.04 (0.15); P<0.02] were significantly greater among @entity4932 mothers than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers of @entity1 with @entity4932 have @entity410 . This phenomenon is unlikely to be the result of difficulty with conception but rather to be due to higher rates of @entity393 and @entity3465 .

title: Impaired reproductive fitness in mothers of XXXX with juvenile autoimmune arthropathies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['impaired reproductive fitness']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Chondrogenic promotion by rhGDF5 with or without rhTGFbeta3 was studied in pellet culture of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). A synergy between rhGDF5 and rhTGFbeta3 was observed in promoting chondrogenesis. rhBMP2, rhBMP6, rhBMP7 and rhTGFbeta1 were further tested and showed the same effect. To explore the mechanism, the expression of TGFbetatype I and II receptors, @entity7382 , @entity15703 , @entity1842 , @entity30713 , TGFbetaRII, @entity3823 , @entity19126 was studied. @entity30713 showed increase by the rhTGFbeta1 or rhTGFbeta3 treatment. @entity30713 protein expression also showed increase by rhTGFbeta3. rhTGFbeta1/rhTGFbeta3 induced @entity30713 up-regulation was inhibited by @entity17507 , a TGFbeta type I receptor inhibitor. Chondrogenesis by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 or the combination between rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 and rhGDF5 also was diminished by @entity17507 . @entity12208 /8 phosphorylation in nascent @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) was stimulated weakly by rhGDF5 but strongly by rhBMP7. The rhGDF5 stimulated @entity12208 /8 phosphorylation was enhanced by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 but inhibited by @entity17507 . The rhBMP7 stimulated @entity12208 /8 phosphorylation did not show influence by rhTGFbeta3 and @entity17507 . Our results indicated the potential involvement of @entity30713 activation by rhTGFbetas in the synergy between rhTGFbetas and rhBMPs.

title: Potential involvement of BMP receptor type IB activation in a synergistic effect of chondrogenic promotion between rhTGFbeta3 and rhGDF5 or rhBMP7 in XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity12884 , due to amassing of fragments of light chains of IgG, often causes @entity299 . We describe a 65-year-old @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 efficaciously treated with chemotherapy. @entity2783 had been supported by myelic biopsy. The @entity1 came to our observation because of @entity712 , @entity551 and @entity1163 : she was treated with a @entity935 i.v. and was in cachectic status. She had a moderate @entity2294 . ECG showed reduction of QRS amplitude, I degree @entity713 , posterior @entity714 and @entity714 . Right cardiac catheterization showed a restrictive situation. After 1 week exitus occurred by @entity1167 . In this case, there were other involvements by @entity2783 , besides the cardia one: that of autonomic nervous system and, probably, surrenal.

title: [Case of XXXX associated with IgG-K multiple @entity1582 in the framework of restrictive myocardiopathy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'fascicular']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['Primary amyloidosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity12884 , due to amassing of fragments of light chains of IgG, often causes @entity299 . We describe a 65-year-old @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 efficaciously treated with chemotherapy. @entity2783 had been supported by myelic biopsy. The @entity1 came to our observation because of @entity712 , @entity551 and @entity1163 : she was treated with a @entity935 i.v. and was in cachectic status. She had a moderate @entity2294 . ECG showed reduction of QRS amplitude, I degree @entity713 , posterior @entity714 and @entity714 . Right cardiac catheterization showed a restrictive situation. After 1 week exitus occurred by @entity1167 . In this case, there were other involvements by @entity2783 , besides the cardia one: that of autonomic nervous system and, probably, surrenal.

title: [Case of @entity299 associated with IgG-K multiple XXXX in the framework of restrictive myocardiopathy].

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetry of single fraction, single-isocenter intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) plans for multiple intracranial @entity3 and to compare @entity499 ( @entity499 ). Ten treatment plans with 3-6 brain @entity3 treated with IMRS were re-planned with @entity499 . The mean number of lesions was 5 and mean @entity343 22 cm(3). The prescribed dose was 16-20 Gy. The mean V100% was similar for IMRS and @entity499 , and the mean conformity index was 1.4, mean Paddick confirmity index was 0.7, and mean MDPD was 1.1 for both. The mean gradient index was similar for both. The mean 50% _isodose volume was 179.2 cm(3) for IMRS and 277.0 cm(3) for @entity499 (p=0.01). The mean maximum doses to organs at risk were lower for IMRS except brainstem and right optic nerve. For brain, the integral dose was 5.1 and 6.8 Gy-kg (p<0.001) and mean dose 4.0 and 5.4 Gy (p<0.001) for IMRS and @entity499 , respectively. The mean treatment times were 23 (IMRS) and 41 ( @entity499 ) minutes. Conformity and homogeneity indices were equivalent and sparing of the organs at risk was clinically acceptable for both IMRS and @entity499 . Though the gradient index was similar for IMRS and @entity499 , the mean 50% isodose volume and integral dose to normal brain were lower for IMRS as was treatment time.

title: Dosimetric comparison of intensity-modulated radiosurgery and helical tomotherapy for the treatment of multiple intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['Helical Tomotherapy', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We performed a long-term retrospective investigation of pulmonary @entity3069 complex (MAC) disease treated with combined chemotherapy following the ATS guideline or the Japanese Society for @entity378 guideline. We also studied when to terminate the combined chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 90 @entity1 who underwent combined chemotherapy according to these guidelines for minimum one-year period and followed up for at least one year since April, 1998. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 ' age was 64.8 years old and the gender distribution consisted of 34 males and 56 females. While the sputum negative conversion was observed in 54 of 90 @entity1 (60%), clinical improvement was recognized in 35 @entity1 (39%) following combined chemotherapy administered according to the guidelines. Out of 54 @entity1 with sputum conversion, 30 cases were followed up after the discontinuation of treatment, and sputum relapse later was seen in 18 @entity1 . Out of 24 @entity1 who continued the same treatment, sputum relapse was seen in 10 @entity1 . Out of 35 @entity1 with clinical improvement, 17 cases have been followed up after the discontinuation of treatment, clinical worsening was later recognized in 9 @entity1 . Out of 18 @entity1 who continued the same treatment, clinical worsening was recognized in 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: As the probability of sputum relapse after discontinuation of treatment was high even among @entity1 whose sputum converted to negative by combined treatment according to the guidelines, we think that it is better to continue treatment according to the guidelines as long as possible.

title: [Long-term observation of pulmonary XXXX complex disease treated with chemotherapy-- following the guidelines for treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium']


abstract: @entity263 is a disease with a variable clinical course. The possible impact on oncological outcome of @entity263 has not been established yet, especially for @entity420 due to its low frequency, so that its clinical management is not well codified. The disease occurs more often already at an advanced stage of diagnosis, with clinically detectable @entity5 and advanced pathological stage, partly because of the lack of specific @entity5 markers, given the poor correlation between @entity2461 and PSA values. In the period between 1997 and 2010 56 @entity1 with @entity2461 on a total of 1265 new diagnoses of @entity5 were identified, for an overall incidence of 4.5%. 41 @entity1 (75%) had a @entity2461 type II histology, while 15 @entity1 (25%) a @entity2461 type I (pure form). Generally, a surgical treatment was carried out in @entity1 with life expectancy greater than 10/15 years/under 70 years of age, non-metastatic @entity5 and found to be liable to local resection; radiation therapy was given with 70 Gy in cases with a shorter life expectancy and/or an illness judged unresectable for local extension; hormonal therapy was indicated in all other clinical situations. For all @entity1 , the clinical and pathologic data and follow-ups were re-evaluated. The overall survival and disease-free survival were then analyzed. Given the low incidence of this pathology the relevant literature is poor and therefore the therapeutic approach is not univocal. This paper retrospectively reviews our experience with @entity263 .

title: [Ductal carcinoma of the prostate: impact on survival and therapeutic controversies of a rare XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer', 'prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'non-acinar prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While in developed countries prenatal diagnosis is currently used to detect @entity299 ( @entity299 ) before birth, in developing countries only a minority of @entity1 with @entity299 is detected and few benefit from surgical treatment. Having created a referral unit for diagnosis and treatment of @entity65 in a resource-deprived country we designed a study aiming at describing the spectrum and characteristics of @entity299 and discuss the challenges of its management. POPULATION AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively all @entity1 assisted at a referral unit between 2001 and 2007, collecting epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic and surgical data from hospital files. RESULTS: We studied 534 @entity1 with median age at diagnosis of 4 years (range 0-79); 296 were females (55.4%). Only 282 (52.8%) @entity1 were diagnosed under the age of two years, and complications were present in 155 (29.0%) at time of diagnosis. We operated 196 @entity1 with mean age of 8  10 years. Only 29 of the 111 complex defects were considered for surgery. The 30-days post-operative mortality was 8/196 (4.0%). The most important post-surgical complications were @entity6413 (22). DISCUSSION: A pattern of late presentation accompanied by high rate of complications was found. In resource-deprived settings the approach to the management of @entity299 emphasizes the treatment of "curable" @entity600 . Surgery for @entity299 in these settings must be linked to early detection and a referral system in which general practitioners, pediatricians, obstetricians and cardiologists interact in the design and implementation protocols for diagnosis, management and follow-up of @entity1 .

title: Challenges on the management of XXXX in developing countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Heart Disease before', 'CHD']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post pericardectomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Lung inflammatory responses in the absence of @entity281 are considered to be one of primary mechanisms of ventilator-induced @entity651 . Here, we determined the role of calpain in the pathogenesis of @entity55 attributable to mechanical ventilation. Male C57BL/6J @entity19 were subjected to high (28 ml/kg) tidal volume ventilation for 2 h in the absence and presence of calpain inhibitor I (10 mg/kg). To address the isoform-specific functions of @entity18336 and @entity24158 during mechanical ventilation, we utilized a liposome-based delivery system to introduce small interfering RNAs targeting each isoform in pulmonary vasculature in vivo. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume induced rapid (within minutes) and persistent @entity55 as evidenced by neutrophil recruitment, production of @entity637 and @entity777 , pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability, and lung @entity4 formation. Pharmaceutical calpain inhibition significantly attenuated these inflammatory responses caused by @entity358 . Depletion of @entity18336 or @entity24158 had a protective effect against ventilator-induced lung inflammatory responses. Inhibition of calpain activity by means of siRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition also reduced endothelial @entity842 (NO) synthase ( @entity13471 )-mediated NO production and subsequent @entity8024 phosphorylation following high tidal volume ventilation. These results suggest that calpain activation mediates @entity55 during ventilator-induced @entity651 via @entity13471 /NO-dependent @entity8024 phosphorylation and neutrophil recruitment. Inhibition of calpain activation may therefore provide a novel and promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of ventilator-induced @entity651 .

title: Activation of calpains mediates early lung neutrophilic inflammation in ventilator-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['early lung inflammation', 'calpain activation and lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung hyperinflation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell physiology is regulated along the 24-h time scale by a circadian timing system composed of molecular clocks within each cell and a central coordination system in the brain. The @entity1 molecular clock is made of interconnected molecular loops involving at least 12 circadian genes. The cellular clocks are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker which also helps the organism adjust to environmental cycles. The rest-activity rhythm is a reliable marker of the circadian system function in both rodents and @entity1 . This circadian organization is responsible for predictable changes in the tolerability and efficacy of anticancer agents, and possibly also in @entity5 promotion or growth. METHODS: Expected least toxic times of chemotherapy were extrapolated from experimental models to @entity1 subjects with reference to the rest-activity cycle. The clinical relevance of the chronotherapy principle, i.e. treatment administration as a function of rhythms, has been demonstrated in randomized multicenter trials. RESULTS: Chronotherapeutic schedules have been used to safely document the activity of the association of @entity901 , @entity1487 and @entity4181 against metastatic @entity14 and to set up a new medicosurgical management of this disease which achieved unprecedented long term survival. CONCLUSION: The chronotherapy concept offers further promises for improving current @entity5 as well as for optimizing the development of new anticancer or supportive agents.

title: Chronotherapeutics: the relevance of timing in XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer treatment options']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee dislocations with @entity130 are rare and disabling if not treated. HYPOTHESIS: An en masse surgical technique to repair the lateral side will provide good stability, and the posterior cruciate ligament will heal when left in situ. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 underwent an en masse lateral side repair after knee dislocation injury; all but 1 @entity1 had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical examination included the International Knee Documentation Committee score, isokinetic strength testing, KT-2000 arthrometer testing, radiography (including varus stress), and magnetic resonance imaging scan. @entity1 were evaluated subjectively with several surveys. RESULTS: Mean objective evaluation occurred for 17 @entity1 at 4.6 years postoperatively, and 21 subjective evaluations occurred for 21 @entity1 at 5.6 years postoperatively. The objective overall grade was normal for 10 @entity1 and nearly normal for 7 @entity1 . Lateral laxity was graded as normal in 15 @entity1 and 1+ in 2 @entity1 . The posterior drawer was normal in all but 3 @entity1 , who had 1+ posterior laxity. The postoperative varus stress radiography demonstrated a mean increase of 1.1 +/- 1.7 mm (range, -1.2-4.7) between knees. Magnetic resonance scans showed that the lateral side was thickened but intact in all @entity1 . The posterior cruciate ligament was viewed as healed or intact in all @entity1 but was sometimes seen as elongated or buckled. The mean subjective total scores were 91.3 points for the IKDC survey, 93.0 for the modified Noyes survey, and 8.0 for an activity score, but scores were higher for @entity1 who underwent surgery within 4 weeks from the injury. CONCLUSIONS: The en masse surgical technique to repair the lateral side combined with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after knee dislocation provides excellent long-term stability. The repaired lateral side and untreated posterior cruciate ligament heal with continuity. @entity1 can return to high levels of activity.

title: Knee dislocation with XXXX : results of an en masse surgical repair technique of the lateral side.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lateral side injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['lateral side injury']


abstract: Snf1 protein kinase regulates responses to @entity413 limitation and other stresses. Snf1 activation requires phosphorylation of its T-loop @entity1889 by partially redundant upstream kinases ( @entity12361 , @entity12362 , and @entity6773 ). Under favorable conditions, Snf1 is turned off by @entity16712 - @entity9787 protein phosphatase. The @entity16712 mutation causes increased Snf1 activation and slow growth. To identify new components of the Snf1 pathway, we searched for mutations that, like snf1, suppress @entity16712 for the slow-growth phenotype. In addition to mutations in genes encoding known pathway components (SNF1, @entity16713 , and @entity12361 ), we recovered "fast" mutations, designated fst1 and fst2. Unusual morphology of the mutants in the   1278b strains employed here helped us identify fst1 and fst2 as mutations in the RasGAP genes @entity48509 and @entity37038 . Cells lacking @entity48509 , @entity37038 , or @entity20883 , the negative regulatory subunit of @entity1919 ( @entity268 )-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), exhibited reduced Snf1 pathway activation. Conversely, Snf1 activation was elevated in cells lacking the Gpr1 sugar receptor, which contributes to PKA signaling. We show that the Snf1-activating kinase @entity12361 is phosphorylated in vivo on a conserved @entity563 (Ser1074) within an ideal PKA motif. However, this phosphorylation alone appears to play only a modest role in regulation, and @entity12361 is not the only relevant target of the PKA pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that PKA, which integrates multiple regulatory inputs, could contribute to Snf1 regulation under various conditions via a complex mechanism. Our results also support the view that, like its @entity1 counterpart, @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK), @entity375 Snf1 participates in metabolic checkpoint control that coordinates growth with nutrient availability.

title: Protein kinase A contributes to the negative control of Snf1 protein kinase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ) is guarded, with the 5-year mortality rate ranging from 14% to 50%, owing to @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) or pump failure. The risk factors for @entity1164 in adults with @entity1000 include asymptomatic @entity1165 and poor left ventricular function. It is unclear whether these findings can be extrapolated to the pediatric population. A retrospective review of all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1000 seen at a single institution from 1990 to 2004 was performed. A total of 85 @entity1 (46 males), with a median age of 3.8 years (0 days to 17.3 years) were studied. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 +/- 12% (median 23%, range 45% to 45%) at presentation. The following @entity943 occurred at presentation or during the initial hospitalization: @entity1165 in 6, sustained @entity2224 in 1, @entity943 in 6, and both @entity943 in 1. During a subsequent hospitalization or outpatient follow-up, 7 @entity1 had the following @entity943 : @entity943 in 2, @entity1165 in 4, and both @entity943 in 1. The cumulative survival rate was 40% at a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 8.1). One single episode of @entity1164 occurred in 1 @entity1 without a history of sustained @entity943 . In conclusion, in @entity1 with @entity1000 , despite the low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of @entity943 , only one episode of @entity1164 occurred in this group of @entity1 . Given the 1% incidence of @entity1164 in this cohort, the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in @entity1 with @entity1000 might not be indicated.

title: Frequency of cardiac death in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['nonsustained ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'IDC']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1000 ( @entity1000 ) is guarded, with the 5-year mortality rate ranging from 14% to 50%, owing to @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) or pump failure. The risk factors for @entity1164 in adults with @entity1000 include asymptomatic @entity1165 and poor left ventricular function. It is unclear whether these findings can be extrapolated to the pediatric population. A retrospective review of all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1000 seen at a single institution from 1990 to 2004 was performed. A total of 85 @entity1 (46 males), with a median age of 3.8 years (0 days to 17.3 years) were studied. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 +/- 12% (median 23%, range 45% to 45%) at presentation. The following @entity943 occurred at presentation or during the initial hospitalization: @entity1165 in 6, sustained @entity2224 in 1, @entity943 in 6, and both @entity943 in 1. During a subsequent hospitalization or outpatient follow-up, 7 @entity1 had the following @entity943 : @entity943 in 2, @entity1165 in 4, and both @entity943 in 1. The cumulative survival rate was 40% at a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 8.1). One single episode of @entity1164 occurred in 1 @entity1 without a history of sustained @entity943 . In conclusion, in @entity1 with @entity1000 , despite the low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of @entity943 , only one episode of @entity1164 occurred in this group of @entity1 . Given the 1% incidence of @entity1164 in this cohort, the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in @entity1 with @entity1000 might not be indicated.

title: Frequency of cardiac death in XXXX with @entity1000 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The influence of @entity835 abuse on the severity of existing @entity716 and affective symptoms is still unclear. Among 470 consecutively admitted @entity716 or affective @entity1 , 54 active (in the previous month) @entity835 abusers were detected via urine tests (Sure Step TM kits; Applied Biotech Inc, San Diego, @entity2948 ) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity915 - IV) questionnaire. In 24 cases, substances other than @entity835 were abused; 392 @entity1 were nonabusers. All @entity1 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria. The following rating scales were used: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). @entity835 abusers (n = 54) were significantly younger and more frequently males than nonuser @entity1 . In this group, there were more @entity161 @entity1 and fewer affective and @entity148 @entity1 (chi(2) = 11.76; P < .01). The double-diagnosed @entity1 had more prominent @entity716 symptoms than the nonusers (n = 392)-PANSS positive: 19.056 +/- 8.30 vs 16.128 +/- 8.031 (P < .02; t(446) = 2.510). The difference was statistically significant for hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, and hostility. General PANSS scale rate of abusers was lower: 33.012 +/- 9.317 vs 37.3575 +/- 11.196 (P < .01; t = 2.727), especially for @entity308 , @entity148 , somatic concern, guilt feelings, @entity2701 , @entity1957 , and @entity132 . Rates of PANSS negative scale of abusers and nonusers were not significantly different (13.815 +/- 6.868 vs 14.983 +/- 6.446) except for lower rates of social withdrawal and stereotyped thinking for abusers. No significant difference in general level of @entity162 (YMRS) between abusers and nonusers was observed (6.778 +/- 10.826 vs 4.910 +/- 7.754), but severity of thought/language disturbances and poor insight was found significantly higher in the abusers. @entity835 abusers are obviously less depressive (HAM-D): 5.944 +/- 10.291 vs 12.896 +/- 13.946 (P < .0005, t = 3.535). Such differences were observed in the high number of the subscales. Abusers' rates were higher (although not significantly) for paranoid symptoms and general somatic symptoms. @entity835 possibly produces some antidepressive and anxiolytic effect on @entity716 and affective inpatients. The "price" of this effect is often an exacerbation of @entity716 and some @entity162 .

title: @entity835 and severity of psychotic and affective disorders in Israeli XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['volition disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'Cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The influence of @entity835 abuse on the severity of existing @entity716 and affective symptoms is still unclear. Among 470 consecutively admitted @entity716 or affective @entity1 , 54 active (in the previous month) @entity835 abusers were detected via urine tests (Sure Step TM kits; Applied Biotech Inc, San Diego, @entity2948 ) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity915 - IV) questionnaire. In 24 cases, substances other than @entity835 were abused; 392 @entity1 were nonabusers. All @entity1 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria. The following rating scales were used: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). @entity835 abusers (n = 54) were significantly younger and more frequently males than nonuser @entity1 . In this group, there were more @entity161 @entity1 and fewer affective and @entity148 @entity1 (chi(2) = 11.76; P < .01). The double-diagnosed @entity1 had more prominent @entity716 symptoms than the nonusers (n = 392)-PANSS positive: 19.056 +/- 8.30 vs 16.128 +/- 8.031 (P < .02; t(446) = 2.510). The difference was statistically significant for hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, and hostility. General PANSS scale rate of abusers was lower: 33.012 +/- 9.317 vs 37.3575 +/- 11.196 (P < .01; t = 2.727), especially for @entity308 , @entity148 , somatic concern, guilt feelings, @entity2701 , @entity1957 , and @entity132 . Rates of PANSS negative scale of abusers and nonusers were not significantly different (13.815 +/- 6.868 vs 14.983 +/- 6.446) except for lower rates of social withdrawal and stereotyped thinking for abusers. No significant difference in general level of @entity162 (YMRS) between abusers and nonusers was observed (6.778 +/- 10.826 vs 4.910 +/- 7.754), but severity of thought/language disturbances and poor insight was found significantly higher in the abusers. @entity835 abusers are obviously less depressive (HAM-D): 5.944 +/- 10.291 vs 12.896 +/- 13.946 (P < .0005, t = 3.535). Such differences were observed in the high number of the subscales. Abusers' rates were higher (although not significantly) for paranoid symptoms and general somatic symptoms. @entity835 possibly produces some antidepressive and anxiolytic effect on @entity716 and affective inpatients. The "price" of this effect is often an exacerbation of @entity716 and some @entity162 .

title: XXXX and severity of psychotic and affective disorders in Israeli @entity146 inpatients.

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['Cannabis abuse']


abstract: A program to ensure an equivalent standard of care for all @entity1 with @entity0 was initiated in the Stockholm area in the mid 1970s. As part of an evaluation of this program, social gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival were analyzed among @entity1 diagnosed during 1977 through 1997. The @entity1 (n = 15,021) were selected from a database covering about 88% of all diagnosed @entity0 cases in the region. Putative associations were analyzed between clinical stage, survival and different socioeconomic indicators (level of education, income and occupation). There were significant social differences (p < 0.01) in distribution of clinical stage as well as in total and stage-specific survival. High income, more skilled work and a high level of education were all associated with clinically less advanced @entity5 and hence better survival. However, stage-specific survival differences were mostly generated by differences in @entity5 mortality. The results indicate social inequalities regarding awareness of the disease and/or access to early detection. Social gradients in @entity5 mortality were also found to influence observed survival. In contrast, we observed no significant social differences in stage-specific @entity0 mortality.

title: Socioeconomic gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival among XXXX @entity1 in the Stockholm area 1977-1997.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonbreast cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A program to ensure an equivalent standard of care for all @entity1 with @entity0 was initiated in the Stockholm area in the mid 1970s. As part of an evaluation of this program, social gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival were analyzed among @entity1 diagnosed during 1977 through 1997. The @entity1 (n = 15,021) were selected from a database covering about 88% of all diagnosed @entity0 cases in the region. Putative associations were analyzed between clinical stage, survival and different socioeconomic indicators (level of education, income and occupation). There were significant social differences (p < 0.01) in distribution of clinical stage as well as in total and stage-specific survival. High income, more skilled work and a high level of education were all associated with clinically less advanced @entity5 and hence better survival. However, stage-specific survival differences were mostly generated by differences in @entity5 mortality. The results indicate social inequalities regarding awareness of the disease and/or access to early detection. Social gradients in @entity5 mortality were also found to influence observed survival. In contrast, we observed no significant social differences in stage-specific @entity0 mortality.

title: Socioeconomic gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival among @entity0 XXXX in the Stockholm area 1977-1997.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although the annual prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 has been previously reported, the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States. A self-administered 10-item screening questionnaire regarding nasal symptoms was sent to representative households in the United States in January 2004. A total of 8,708 members (44.3%) reported nasal symptoms on > or =7 days in the past 12 months. The majority of these responders described their symptoms as seasonal or perennial @entity566 (n = 5,944) compared with cold or flu only (n = 1,841), cold or flu and @entity25488 (n = 175), or @entity25488 only (n = 748). The prevalence of self-reported seasonal and @entity9590 on > or =7 days in the past 12 months was 30.2%, which corresponds to 89.6 million @entity1 in the United States. The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed seasonal or @entity9590 with symptoms on > or =7 days was 22%, or approximately 65 million @entity1 nationwide. Among responders with a higher burden of nasal symptoms (> or =30 days), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 , @entity2023 , or nasal @entity566 was 11.9% of the total population. The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity2490 related to seasonal and perennial @entity566 in the United States ranged between 11.9 and 30.2% depending on duration of symptoms and physician diagnosis. Almost one-half of Americans experience troublesome nasal symptoms on at least 7 days throughout the year, with most attributing their symptoms to @entity566 .

title: The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity566 in the United States: findings from the burden of XXXX in an America survey.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'allergic rhinitis symptoms', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity25488 :: ('MESH:D012223', 'Disease') :: ['vasomotor rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis', 'perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: Although the annual prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 has been previously reported, the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States. A self-administered 10-item screening questionnaire regarding nasal symptoms was sent to representative households in the United States in January 2004. A total of 8,708 members (44.3%) reported nasal symptoms on > or =7 days in the past 12 months. The majority of these responders described their symptoms as seasonal or perennial @entity566 (n = 5,944) compared with cold or flu only (n = 1,841), cold or flu and @entity25488 (n = 175), or @entity25488 only (n = 748). The prevalence of self-reported seasonal and @entity9590 on > or =7 days in the past 12 months was 30.2%, which corresponds to 89.6 million @entity1 in the United States. The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed seasonal or @entity9590 with symptoms on > or =7 days was 22%, or approximately 65 million @entity1 nationwide. Among responders with a higher burden of nasal symptoms (> or =30 days), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 , @entity2023 , or nasal @entity566 was 11.9% of the total population. The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity2490 related to seasonal and perennial @entity566 in the United States ranged between 11.9 and 30.2% depending on duration of symptoms and physician diagnosis. Almost one-half of Americans experience troublesome nasal symptoms on at least 7 days throughout the year, with most attributing their symptoms to @entity566 .

title: The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to XXXX in the United States: findings from the burden of @entity2490 in an America survey.

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed. METHODS: The data of 3 @entity1358 @entity1 with @entity3 to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three @entity1 was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well. RESULTS: The average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic @entity3 was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided @entity5 in 2 @entity1 and left side in 1. One @entity1 was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper @entity490 , @entity353 , slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, @entity353 and @entity1087 (n = 1). All pancreatic @entity3 were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One @entity1 had only a solitary pancreatic @entity3 (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 @entity1 : including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic @entity3 , and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated @entity1 underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic @entity3 . These two @entity1 were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1358 is an unpredictable @entity5 that may demonstrate very delayed @entity3 even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of @entity3 from @entity1358 . We advocate careful long-term follow-up of @entity1 with a history of @entity1358 . Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic @entity3 from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic @entity3 from @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed. METHODS: The data of 3 @entity1358 @entity1 with @entity3 to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three @entity1 was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well. RESULTS: The average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic @entity3 was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided @entity5 in 2 @entity1 and left side in 1. One @entity1 was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper @entity490 , @entity353 , slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, @entity353 and @entity1087 (n = 1). All pancreatic @entity3 were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One @entity1 had only a solitary pancreatic @entity3 (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 @entity1 : including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic @entity3 , and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated @entity1 underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic @entity3 . These two @entity1 were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1358 is an unpredictable @entity5 that may demonstrate very delayed @entity3 even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of @entity3 from @entity1358 . We advocate careful long-term follow-up of @entity1 with a history of @entity1358 . Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic XXXX from @entity1358 ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has recently been shown that the addition of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) to lipidic implants fundamentally affects the resulting protein release kinetics and moreover, the underlying mass transport mechanisms (Herrmann, Winter, Mohl, F. Siepmann, _ J. Siepmann, J. Control. Release, 2007). However, it is yet unclear in which way @entity970 acts. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the effect of @entity970 in a mechanistic manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: rh-interferon alpha-2a ( @entity3027 )-loaded, @entity21802 -based implants containing various amounts of @entity970 were prepared by compression. Protein and @entity970 release was monitored in @entity1391 buffer pH 4.0 and pH 7.4. @entity3027 solubility and stability were assessed by reverse phase and size exclusion HPLC, @entity214 PAGE, fluorescence and FTIR. RESULTS: Importantly, in presence of @entity970 @entity3027 was drastically precipitated at pH 7.4. In contrast, at pH 4.0 up to a @entity970 concentration of 20% no precipitation occurred. These fundamental effects of @entity970 on protein solubility were reflected in the release kinetics of @entity3027 from the tristearin implants: At pH 7.4 the protein release rates remained nearly constant over prolonged periods of time, whereas at pH 4.0 high initial bursts and continuously decreasing release rates were observed. Interestingly, it could be shown that @entity3027 release was governed by pure diffusion at pH 4.0, irrespective of the @entity970 content of the matrices. In contrast, at pH 7.4 both--the limited solubility of the protein as well as diffusion through tortuous liquid-filled pores--are dominating. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time it is shown that the release of pharmaceutical proteins can be controlled by an in-situ precipitation within inert matrices.

title: New insight into the role of XXXX acting as protein release modifier in lipidic implants.

entities_list: @entity21802 :: ('MESH:C022618', 'Chemical') :: ['tristearin']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol 6000']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the characteristics and outcomes of @entity2103 ( @entity2103 ) over a 30-year period. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Subspecialty practice at a tertiary hospital. @entity1 : Fifty-six @entity1 diagnosed with FNS over a 30-year period. METHODS: Preoperative data (audiologic data, facial nerve [FN] function, and @entity1 symptoms), intraoperative data ( @entity5 location, total versus subtotal resection, and FN status), and postoperative data (audiologic data, FN function, and recurrence) were collected. Mann-Whitney and   2 analyses were done to determine which factors correlated with poor FN outcomes (defined as House-Brackmann >=  4). RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 in this study, 53 (94.6%) underwent surgical resection of their FNS. Of those @entity1 , 45 (84.9%) underwent total resection, and 8 (15.1%) underwent subtotal resection. Subtotal resection was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of having postoperative HB grade >=  4 (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.77; p = 0.028). Of those undergoing a subtotal resection, no @entity1 had further @entity5 growth seen on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (average time of last magnetic resonance imaging since operation, 44.9 mo). @entity5 location was not statistically associated with poor FN outcome (all p > 0.05). Preoperative FN @entity912 was the only preoperative clinical finding statistically associated with poor FN outcomes (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: We have identified multiple characteristics of FNS as well as multiple factors associated with increased statistical risk of poor FN outcomes.

title: Facial nerve outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve schwannomas', 'FNSs']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve schwannomas']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: New flexible total ossicular prostheses with an integrated microjoint can compensate for large static displacements in the reconstructed ossicular chain. When properly designed, they can mimic the function of the joints of the intact chain and ensure good vibration transfer in both straight and bent conditions. BACKGROUND: Prosthesis dislocations and extrusions are frequently observed after middle ear surgery. They are mainly related to the altered distance between the coupling points because of large static eardrum displacements. METHODS: The new prostheses consist of 2 @entity702 shafts, which are incorporated into a @entity1346 body. The sound transfer function and stapes footplate displacement at static loads were evaluated in @entity1 temporal bones after ossicular reconstruction using prostheses with 2 different @entity1346 with different hardness values. The stiffness and bending characteristics of the prostheses were investigated with a quasi-static load. RESULTS: The sound transfer properties of the middle ears with the prostheses inserted under uncompressed conditions were comparable with those of ears with intact ossicular chains. The implant with the soft @entity1346 had improved acoustic transfer characteristics over the implant with the hard @entity1346 in a compressed state. In the quasi-static experiments, the minimum medial footplate displacement was found with the same implant. The bending characteristics depended on the @entity1346 stiffness and correlated closely with the point and angle of the load incidence. CONCLUSION: The @entity702 prostheses with a resilient joint that were investigated in this study had good sound transfer characteristics under optimal conditions as well as in a compressed state. As a result of joint bending, the implants compensate for the small changes in length of the ossicular chain that occur under varying middle ear pressure. The implants require a stable support at the stapes footplate to function properly.

title: New total ossicular replacement prostheses with a resilient joint: experimental data from XXXX temporal bones.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicones', 'silicone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity3251 is caused by transplacental contamination of the fetus withToxoplasma gondiifollowing maternal @entity281 . The risk of mother-to- @entity1 transmission depends on the term of pregnancy at the time of @entity281 . The risk is lower than 5% in the first trimester but can reach 90% in the last days of pregnancy. Inversely, however, @entity2241 is more severe when contamination occurs early in pregnancy. The French prevention program officially recommends monthly serological screening of susceptible @entity1 during pregnancy and information about hygiene and dietary rules. Prenatal diagnosis of @entity3251 is based on a combination of examinations: PCR testing for the parasite in amniotic fluid, @entity19 inoculation, fetal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Neonatal screening consists of PCR of the placenta, @entity19 inoculation, detection of specific IgM and IgA in the newborn, ocular fundus examinations by indirect ophthalmoscopy, and transfontanellar ultrasonography. As soon as @entity281 is suspected, preventive treatment with @entity7912 begins; the treatment is changed to a combination of @entity4765 - @entity11682 if fetal infection is proved. Some teams are using this combination as first-line treatment after 30 weeks of gestation, without performing amniocentesis. Recent European multicenter studies raise questions about the effectiveness of prenatal treatment on mother-to- @entity1 transmission and on the reduction in the number and severity of fetal sequelae. A randomized controlled trial is required to prove the efficacy of prenatal treatment in general and of specific drugs, in particular. As soon as infection is confirmed, infected @entity1 are treated with the @entity4765 - @entity11682 combination for 12 to 24 months. Recent multicenter studies show that postnatal treatment does not prevent @entity3217 : 5% of treated @entity1 had @entity66 at birth, 20% at 5 years, and 30% at 8 years of age. Furthermore no consensus exists about the duration of postnatal treatment (3 months in Denmark versus 12 months in France). A multicenter randomized controlled trial is necessary to assess the efficacy of postnatal treatment and determine its duration. A surveillance system was set up in 2007 by the National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis to determine the perinatal burden of this infection and to assess the national policy.

title: [Management of XXXX in France: current data].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis lesions']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['maternal infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital toxoplasmosis', 'congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal disease']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are effective @entity565 controllers, but long-term use could lead to adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine adrenal responsiveness of @entity1 with persistent @entity565 treated with long-term ICSs. METHODS: Morning plasma @entity701 levels before and 30 minutes after @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) (1 microg intravenously) stimulation were compared. Primary end points included mean prestimulation and poststimulation @entity701 levels; secondary end points included morning @entity701 level of 5 microg/dL or less, post- @entity4545 stimulation @entity701 level of 18 microg/dL or less, and/or a net change of 7 microg/dL or less from baseline. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity748 @entity1 (29 in the @entity2995 group, 18 in the @entity17013 group, 45 in the @entity5023 group, and 11 in the oral @entity288 group [positive controls]) completed the study. Mean daily @entity16179 doses and durations were as follows: @entity2995 : 448 microg for 36 months; @entity17013 : 1,181 microg for 41 months; and @entity5023 : 745 microg for 19 months. Eleven of 30 @entity1 taking high-dose ICSs (10 of 28 taking @entity5023 and 1 of 2 taking @entity17013 ) had both low morning @entity701 levels and abnormal post- @entity4545 stimulation @entity701 levels. Few @entity1 taking lower doses of any @entity16179 had abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who require long-term treatment with high-dose ICSs may have abnormal morning plasma @entity701 levels and reduced responsiveness to @entity4545 stimulation. Careful monitoring of adrenal function should be considered in such @entity1 .

title: Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on adrenal function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity17013 :: ('MESH:C007734', 'Chemical') :: ['flunisolide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are effective @entity565 controllers, but long-term use could lead to adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine adrenal responsiveness of @entity1 with persistent @entity565 treated with long-term ICSs. METHODS: Morning plasma @entity701 levels before and 30 minutes after @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) (1 microg intravenously) stimulation were compared. Primary end points included mean prestimulation and poststimulation @entity701 levels; secondary end points included morning @entity701 level of 5 microg/dL or less, post- @entity4545 stimulation @entity701 level of 18 microg/dL or less, and/or a net change of 7 microg/dL or less from baseline. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity748 @entity1 (29 in the @entity2995 group, 18 in the @entity17013 group, 45 in the @entity5023 group, and 11 in the oral @entity288 group [positive controls]) completed the study. Mean daily @entity16179 doses and durations were as follows: @entity2995 : 448 microg for 36 months; @entity17013 : 1,181 microg for 41 months; and @entity5023 : 745 microg for 19 months. Eleven of 30 @entity1 taking high-dose ICSs (10 of 28 taking @entity5023 and 1 of 2 taking @entity17013 ) had both low morning @entity701 levels and abnormal post- @entity4545 stimulation @entity701 levels. Few @entity1 taking lower doses of any @entity16179 had abnormal results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who require long-term treatment with high-dose ICSs may have abnormal morning plasma @entity701 levels and reduced responsiveness to @entity4545 stimulation. Careful monitoring of adrenal function should be considered in such @entity1 .

title: Effects of long-term inhaled corticosteroids on adrenal function in XXXX with @entity565 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prior reviews regarding genitourinary manifestations of @entity4917 used data acquired from diverse specialty specific articles to define the incidence and sequelae of its genitourinary manifestations. We believe that this resulted in erroneous conclusions regarding the urological complications of @entity4917 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on genitourinary manifestations in @entity1 with @entity4917 treated at 1 institution from 1970 through 2005 were acquired. RESULTS: Of 218 @entity1 with @entity4917 30% (66 of 218) had genitourinary involvement, including 7% (15) with @entity790 , 7% (15) with visceral genitourinary involvement and 16% (36) with each type. Intermittent @entity548 from @entity790 developed in 65% of @entity1 (33 of 51). Conservative treatment with compression and/or cauterization was attempted in all 33 @entity1 and it was successful in 64% (21 of 33). Intractable @entity548 resulted in excision of the cutaneous @entity548 site in 36% of cases (12 of 33). A total of 39 hospitalizations for gross @entity811 occurred in 9% of the @entity1 (19 of 218). @entity811 developed from the bladder in 11 cases, the urethra in 4 and the kidney in 4. Conservative therapy resolved gross @entity811 in 21% of the @entity1 (4 of 19). Refractory @entity811 was successfully treated with cauterization in 37% of the @entity1 (7 of 19) and by angiographic embolization in 10% (2 of 19). Intractable gross @entity811 resulted in open surgical excision of the @entity548 site in 32% of the @entity1 (6 of 19). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of genitourinary manifestations of @entity4917 is 30%, which is triple the previously reported incidence of 9%. Unlike prior reports stating that the @entity790 rarely caused problems, 52% of the @entity1 (34 of 66) with @entity4917 who had urological manifestations eventually required interventional therapy for genitourinary complications.

title: XXXX : incidence and treatment of genitourinary sequelae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria', 'Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary abnormalities', 'cutaneous genital abnormalities']

answer: @entity4917 :: (MESH:D007715,Disease) :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity439 involving the supra-aortic vessels are rare but carry serious risk of embolization, @entity715 , and @entity397 . We describe our experience with the diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes in @entity1 with extended follow-up. METHODS: Data during a 17-year period (January 1990 to December 2007) was analyzed. We assessed age, gender, presenting symptoms, localization, pathologic diagnosis, type of procedures, complications, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 74 @entity1 were treated for supra-aortic @entity439 . Of all @entity439 treated, 63% were degenerative, 24% iatrogenic, 8% traumatic, 3% genetic, and 1% mycotic. The subclavian artery was most commonly affected (50%, 2/3 in the right side), followed by the common carotid (36%), internal carotid (10%), innominate (3%), and vertebral (1%). At the time of diagnosis, 52 @entity1 (70%) were asymptomatic, but of those symptomatic 68% had an embolic event as a presenting symptom. @entity887 were more common in @entity1 with smaller @entity439 (P < .006). Open surgery was performed in 77% of all cases, and the use of endovascular techniques became the predominant treatment modality over the last 4 years. Survival at 30 days was 100%. Five- and 10-year survival rates were 87% and 43%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most cases of supra-aortic @entity439 are asymptomatic and embolization as opposed to @entity397 represents the greatest risk to the @entity1 . Most cases can be detected prior to symptoms. Endovascular repair is an emerging alternative of treatment and, with the current development of appropriate devices, will likely form the mainstay of therapy in the near future.

title: Supra-aortic vessels XXXX : diagnosis and prompt intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic episodes']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterise the clinical features and response to treatment of supratentorial cavernomas associated with @entity302 . METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out and a retrospective case series of @entity1 with cavernoma diagnosed by MRI and/or histology was compiled. @entity1 selection biases in the literature review were reduced as far as possible by selection of unbiased publications. RESULTS: In the literature, cavernomas were relatively less common in the frontal lobes. There were multiple cavernomas in 23% of cases. The main clinical manifestations were @entity410 (79%) and @entity548 (16%). The annual @entity548 rate was 0.7%. The outcome after excision was good with improvement in @entity410 in 92% of @entity1 . In the case series the surgical outcome was less favourable, reflecting inclusion of a higher proportion of @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . In both the literature review and the case series, outcome was poorer in cases with a longer duration of @entity410 at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The good surgical results, particularly in cases treated earlier, and the significant cumulative @entity548 rate, suggest that excision is the optimum treatment. However, these factors have not been examined prospectively and, despite the availability of several retrospective studies, the optimum treatment, particularly for non-intractable cases, will only be determined by a prospective study.

title: Supratentorial cavernous haemangiomas and XXXX : a review of the literature and case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the utility of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode for intraoperative monitoring during @entity5513 and other @entity5 surgery and to define the neurophysiological and surgical factors which influence hearing preservation. METHODS: Twenty two @entity1 , 18 with @entity5513 and four with @entity5 , underwent intraoperative monitoring during @entity5 excision. The extratympanic intrameatal electrode (IME) was used to record the electrocochleogram (ECoG) and surface electrodes to record the brainstem auditory evoked response (ABR). RESULTS: The compound action potential (CAP) of the ECoG was two and a half times greater in amplitude than wave I of the ABR and was easily monitored. Virtually instant information was available as minimal averaging was required. Continuous monitoring was possible from the commencement of anaesthesia to skin closure. The IME was easy to place, non-invasive, and did not interfere with the operative field. Operative procedures which affected CAP or wave V latency or amplitude were drilling around the internal auditory meatus, @entity5 dissection, nerve section, and brainstem and cerebellar retraction. Hearing was achieved in 59% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The IME had significant benefits in comparison with other methods of monitoring. The technique provided information beneficial to preservation of hearing.

title: Intraoperative monitoring during surgery for XXXX : benefits of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellopontine angle tumour', 'other cerebellopontine angle tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'acoustic neuroma']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in bariatric surgery is growing as an effective method for long-term metabolic control in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . We analyzed the @entity353 and changes in use of @entity6 medication in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). METHODS: From 1993 to 2005, 1791 morbid @entity28 @entity1 underwent LAGB at our institution. Of the 1791 @entity1 , 394 (22%) had @entity6 at baseline. Of the 394 @entity1 with @entity6 , 52 were receiving @entity6 medication. The median follow-up period for the drug-treated @entity6 @entity1 was 3 years (range .25-9). RESULTS: The drug-treated @entity6 @entity1 were older (age 47.6 +/- 7.5 versus 37.5 +/- 10.7 years, P <.001), weighed more (body mass index 49.1 +/- 9.5 versus 45.6 +/- 7.5 kg/m(2), P 0.001), and were more frequently affected by co-morbidities than the nondiabetic @entity1 at surgery. The percentage of excess @entity353 1 year after surgery was less (32.4% +/- 14.1% versus 41.1% +/- 19.9%, P <.01) for the drug-treated @entity6 @entity1 than for the nondiabetic @entity1 . This difference was maintained for 5 years of follow-up. A significant decline occurred in the use of both oral @entity6 medication and insulin after surgery. Of the 52 @entity1 treated with oral antidiabetic medication at baseline, 33 required oral antidiabetic medication at the end of follow-up. Of the 6 @entity1 who also required insulin at baseline, 2 did so at the end of follow-up. The use of @entity6 medication had increased in 4 @entity1 (7.7%), was unchanged in 12 (23.1%), had decreased in 17 (32.7%), and was suspended in 19 (36.5%) of 52 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The amount of @entity353 after LAGB was less in drug-treated @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetic @entity1 . However, LAGB was associated with a sustained reduction in the use of @entity6 medication.

title: Weight loss and changes in use of antidiabetic medication in XXXX diabetics after laparoscopic gastric banding.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese type 2']


abstract: @entity386 divers are exposed to repeated massive arterial @entity26 desaturation, which could perturb chemoreflexes. An earlier study suggested that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of sympathetic vasomotor tone and ventilation may have recovered 4 or more weeks into the off season. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of ventilation and sympathetic vasomotor tone is present during the training season. We determined ventilation, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac @entity64 volume, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during isocapnic @entity519 in 10 breath hold divers and 11 matched control subjects. The study was carried out at the end of the season of intense @entity386 trainings. Baseline MSNA frequency was 30+/-4bursts/min in control subjects and 25+/-4bursts/min in breath hold divers (P=0.053). During @entity519 burst frequency and total sympathetic activity increased similarly in both groups. Sympathetic activity normalized during the 30-minute recovery. @entity519 -induced stimulation of minute ventilation was similar in both groups, although in divers it was maintained by higher tidal volumes and lower breathing frequency compared with control subjects. In both groups, @entity519 increased heart rate and cardiac output whereas total peripheral resistance decreased. Blood pressure remained unchanged. We conclude that peripheral chemoreflex regulation of ventilation and sympathetic vasomotor tone is paradoxically preserved in @entity386 divers, both, during the off and during the training season. The observation suggests that repeated arterial @entity26 desaturation may not be sufficient explaining sympathetic reflex abnormalities similar to those in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity are normal in XXXX divers during training season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medium-term studies of ABG-1 cementless total hip arthroplasty have shown favorable functional results with excellent femoral component fixation but an abnormally high rate of periacetabular component @entity3061 , which may require early revision. HYPOTHESIS: The periacetabular @entity3061 rate increases with time with the ABG-1 implant, leading to a high revision rate. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis with a minimum follow-up of 10 years and evaluate the progression of periacetabular @entity3061 and its consequences on implant fixation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A continuous series of 111 ABG-1 cementless prostheses implanted by a single operator with a theoretical minimum follow-up of 10 years. Seventy-five implants were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 13 years. All the prostheses had been implanted via a posterolateral approach and consisted of a 28 mm cup matching a head in zirconia and an antidislocation rim design high-density @entity691 insert. RESULTS: Twelve cups were revised because of progressive @entity3061 . The revisions were performed systematically although there was no @entity158 or gross cup loosening. The revisions included resection of the @entity738 , @entity6675 filling with morselized bone grafts, and implantation of new uncemented ABG-2 cups in eight cases or cemented cups associated with a support ring in the four other cases. Thirty-two (48.5%) of the cups still in place at the end of the follow-up evaluation presented moderate and asymptomatic @entity3061 , inciting close subsequent observation. No predictive factor of @entity3061 onset was identified (age, body mass index, @entity691 wear, or cup orientation). None of the femoral stems was changed because of @entity3061 : the only two femoral revisions resulted from @entity3564 and one case of @entity162 . The femoral @entity3061 images were small and all limited to zones 7a (18.8% of cases), 1a, and 1b (65.2% of cases). The overall survival rate of the series at 13 years of follow-up was 80.5%; the cup survival rate was 83.2%; the femoral implant, 94.3%; and failure of the femoral stem secondary to aseptic loosening was only 1.3%. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION: This long-term study confirms the high frequency of @entity3061 of ABG-1 prostheses surpassing the @entity3061 rate of other uncemented cups with a @entity691 insert. The absence of predictive criteria of @entity3061 occurrence and the lack of symptoms warrants periodic follow-up of @entity1 with ABG-1 cups and, if necessary, early repair of bone stock loss with grafts combined with acetabular cup revision. This procedure remains simple as long as performed before the onset of massive @entity79 , confirming the proposed revisions in this series were judicious. This study also confirms the excellent long-term fixation of the ABG-1 femoral stems derived from the osteointegration and proximal seal around the @entity692 coating.

title: Long-term results of the ABG-1 XXXX coated total hip arthroplasty: analysis of 111 cases with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar loosening']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis', 'radiographic osteolysis', 'retroacetabular osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']