abstract:
UNASSIGNED: Objective  To investigate the role of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluating in the effectiveness of conservative treatment for professional athletes with @entity924 . Methods  According to different treatment intensities,24 professional athletes with @entity924 were randomly divided into painless group,slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group. Then changes of the HFUS findings [including ranges of two-dimensional diseases and blood conditions by Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI)] of patellar tendon before and after the treatment were recorded. The Results  were also compared with conventional clinical treatment evaluations. Results  After two courses of treatment,the percentage of athletes whose @entity158 was resolved or disappeared was 37.5% in painless group,87.5% in slightly-painful group,and 62.5% in extremely-painful group. The @entity158 score was 4.50  2.07,4.88  1.13,and 6.13  1.55 in painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,respectively,before treatment and 4.88  2.17,3.00  1.77,and 5.13  2.36 after treatment. The average @entity158 score remarkably decreased in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group,and such difference was statistically significant in the slightly- @entity158 group (P<0.05). The effective rate (defined as thinner patellar,decreased hypoecho area and fewer blood distribution in the lesion) was 38%,50%,and 62% in the painless group,slightly-painful group,and extremely-painful group,and the rates in the slightly-painful group and extremely-painful group were significantly higher than that in painless group (both P<0.05). Conclusion s HFUS can display the ultrasonographic changes of @entity924 after conservative treatments in an objective and quantitative manner. Compared with conventional clinical evaluations,it can more accurately reflect the disease recovery status.
.

title: Use of Ultrasound in the Follow-up of Professional Athletes Receiving Conservative Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendon enthesiopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Patellar Tendon Enthesiopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effects of surgery and timing of radiotherapy on @entity1 survival in grade 2 @entity11 . METHODS: One hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 with diffuse @entity816 , @entity816 , and @entity3271 , World Health Organization grade 2, treated between 1982 and 2000 were identified. The impact of treatment given and clinical parameters were studied in univariate- and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS: Median survival for the whole @entity1 sample was 6.4 years and the 5-year survival rate was 60%. Macroscopic total resection was beneficial in the univariate analysis (P=0.03) but not when adjusting for confounders. Early subtotal resection did not prolong survival. Early radiotherapy was associated with a shorter survival time compared to delayed or no irradiation (P=0.004). However, this difference was mainly due to an unequal distribution of prognostic factors and was not significant in the multivariate analysis. The most important predictors for long survival time were young age ( P<0.001), @entity3271 histology ( P<0.001), and small @entity5 size ( P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Early conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy had no positive effect on @entity1 survival. This opens up the possibility of trying and evaluating other first-line treatment regimens in this disease.

title: On the issue of early and aggressive treatment in grade 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['oligoastrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity263 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity323 such as orgasm, and @entity158 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity250 post-RT for @entity263 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity250 in two treated @entity263 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity1 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity1 -reported symptoms on @entity250 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity323 " ( @entity323 , two to five symptoms), " @entity409 " ( @entity409 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity158 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity323 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity409 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity158 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity250 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity323 , @entity409 , and @entity158 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity1 -reported @entity250 in long-term @entity263 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and @entity1 -Reported @entity250 in Long-Term XXXX Survivors.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'sexual dysfunction among prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orgasmic dysfunction', 'OD']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity263 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity323 such as orgasm, and @entity158 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity250 post-RT for @entity263 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity250 in two treated @entity263 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity1 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity1 -reported symptoms on @entity250 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity323 " ( @entity323 , two to five symptoms), " @entity409 " ( @entity409 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity158 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity323 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity409 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity158 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity250 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity323 , @entity409 , and @entity158 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity1 -reported @entity250 in long-term @entity263 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and @entity1 -Reported XXXX in Long-Term @entity263 Survivors.

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual Dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced @entity263 survivors remains unclear and domains beyond @entity323 such as orgasm, and @entity158 have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate @entity250 post-RT for @entity263 and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms. METHODS: We investigated @entity250 in two treated @entity263 cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active @entity1 part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax ) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC   +   PB) were related to 13 @entity1 -reported symptoms on @entity250 by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression. RESULTS: Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: " @entity323 " ( @entity323 , two to five symptoms), " @entity409 " ( @entity409 , two to four symptoms), and " @entity158 " (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for @entity323 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmax (P   =   0.001-0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted @entity409 symptoms equally well (P   =   0.03 and 0.02-0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for @entity158 symptoms was CC   +   PB Dmean (P   =   0.02-0.03). CONCLUSION: @entity250 following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to @entity323 , @entity409 , and @entity158 . Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT. Thor M, Olsson CE, Oh JH, Alsadius D, Pettersson N, Deasy JO, and Steineck G. Radiation dose to the penile structures and @entity1 -reported @entity250 in long-term @entity263 survivors. J Sex Med **;**:**-**.

title: Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and XXXX -Reported @entity250 in Long-Term @entity263 Survivors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At 5-year follow-up, @entity1 with @entity1558 who were treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) had excellent results. The current report provides 10- and 15-year rates of @entity5 control in the breast, as well as disease-free and overall survival rates following BCS and RT in a cohort of @entity1 with Paget disease presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density. METHODS: Through a collaborative review of @entity1 treated with BCS and RT from seven institutions, 38 cases of @entity1558 presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density were identified. All @entity1 had pathologic confirmation of typical Paget cells at time of diagnosis. Thirty-six of 38 @entity1 had a minimum follow-up greater than 12 months and constitute the study cohort. Ninety-four percent of @entity1 underwent complete or partial excision of the nipple-areola complex and all @entity1 received a median external beam irradiation dose of 50 Gy (range, 45-54 Gy) to the whole breast. Ninety-seven percent of @entity1 also received a boost to the remaining nipple or @entity5 bed, a median total dose of 61.5 Gy (range, 50.4-70 Gy). RESULTS: With median follow-up of 113 months (range, 18-257 months), 4 of 36 @entity1 (11%) developed a first recurrence of disease in the treated breast only. Two of the four recurrences in the breast were @entity513 in situ (DCIS) only and two were invasive with DCIS. Two additional @entity1 had a recurrence in the breast as a component of first failure. Actuarial local control rates for the breast as the only site of first recurrence were 91% at 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 80-100%) and 87% (95% CI, 75-99%) at both 10 and 15 years. Actuarial local control rates for breast recurrence, as a component of first failure, were 91% (95% CI, 80-100%), 83% (95% CI, 69-97%), and 76% (95% CI, 58-94%) at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. No clinical factors were identified as significant predictors for breast recurrence. Five-, 10- and 15-year actuarial rates for survival without disease of 97% (95% CI, 90-100%) and 5-, 10-, and 15-year actuarial rates of overall survival of 93% (95% CI, 84-100%) at 5 years and 90% (95% CI, 78-100%) at 10 and 15 years were reported. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm excellent rates of local control, disease-free survival, and overall survival at 10 and 15 years following BCS and RT for @entity1558 . This study continues to support the recommendation of local excision and definitive breast irradiation as an alternative to mastectomy in the treatment of @entity1 with Paget disease presenting without a palpable mass or mammographic density.

title: Conservative management of XXXX with radiotherapy: 10- and 15-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease of the breast']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['Paget disease of the breast']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for @entity29 are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the @entity375 reduce the levels of intracellular reactive @entity26 species. Furthermore, in a @entity19 model of @entity1959 -induced @entity1960 , @entity375 -treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a @entity2199 model. The @entity375 was able to protect the @entity2199 from oxidative stress by modulating the @entity27593 transcription factor trough the @entity7625 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.

title: Probiotic XXXX Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematodes', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'Inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1959 :: ('MESH:D014302', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitro benzene sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of transabdominal ultrasound for determining fetal head position in laboring @entity1 and compare it to digital examination, and to study ultrasonographically the rotation of the fetal head in normal and @entity3885 . DESIGN: This was an observational prospective study of 148 @entity1 in active labor. Ultrasound examinations were performed longitudinally in the first and second stages of labor. RESULTS: Assessment of the fetal head position by digital examination was not possible in 60.7% (122/201) of cases in the first stage and 30.8% (41/133) in the second stage of labor. Difficulty in assessing the position was more likely if the occiput was posterior in comparison to anterior and in the maternal right in comparison to the left side. In the second stage, it was three times more likely for the assessment not to be possible digitally if the occiput was posterior. In the cases when assessment by vaginal examination was possible, the correlation with ultrasound was average in the first stage (kappa = 0.59) and good in the second stage (kappa = 0.77). Overall fetal head position assessment by digital examination was accurate in 31.28% of the cases in the first stage and 65.7% of the cases in the second stage of labor. Rotation of the fetal head is highly unlikely when labor begins in the occipital anterior position. Persistent occipital posterior position developed through failure to rotate from an initial occipital posterior or transverse position. Duration of the first stage of labor was independently related to parity and position of the fetal spine at presentation, and duration of the second stage of labor was independently related to parity, birth weight, position of the fetal head at the beginning of the second stage, rotation and position of the head at delivery. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound assessment of the fetal head position in labor is feasible in a busy labor ward. Digital examination is less accurate than ultrasound, in particular in cases of @entity3885 when medical intervention is more likely to be needed. Ultrasound assessment may prove useful in the prediction and diagnosis of @entity1162 .

title: Intrapartum ultrasound for the examination of the fetal head position in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['difficult and prolonged labor']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed labor']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructed labor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Currently there is an increase in the incidental diagnosis of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Our aim was to assess the survival of @entity1 with incidental and symptomatic @entity703 who had undergone nephrectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 604 @entity1 who underwent renal surgery for @entity1358 between 1983 and 2005. @entity1 were divided in two groups; group 1 had incidental and group 2 had symptomatic @entity5 . The median follow-up was 4 and 3.3  years for groups 1 and 2, respectively. All @entity1 had surgery in the form of radical or partial nephrectomy. Sex, age, @entity5 size, type of surgery, pathological characteristics and @entity1 survival in both groups were evaluated. The statistical analysis included the log-rank, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression tests. RESULTS: There were 85 @entity1 (14%) in group 1 (mean age 49.6  years) and 519 (86%) in group 2 (mean age 50  years). The mean (SEM, range) @entity5 size was 7.4 (0.4, 1.5-20)  cm in group 1 and 9.7 (0.2, 2-38)  cm in group 2 (P  <  0.001). The most common stage was T1 (52%) and T2 (44%) in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with a predominance of G2 grade and the conventional type histology in both the groups. There was a significant difference in cancer-specific survival (CSS) between the groups (log-rank, P  =  0.017). The 5- and 10-year CSS was 94% and 94% for group 1, and 82.5% and 79.5% for group 2. Cox regression analysis showed that in group 1, only the @entity5 mid-zonal location (P  =  0.093), @entity5 stage pT (P  <  0.001), grade 1 (P  =  0.03), grade 2 (P  =  0.01), grade 4 (P  =  0.01) and the papillary histological type (P  =  0.019) had significant effects on CSS. In group 2, only @entity5 size (P  =  0.022) and stage pN (P  =  0.003) had significant effects on CSS. The @entity5 recurrence rate was 18% and 29% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This large study supports the findings of other smaller studies published previously, confirming that at presentation @entity703 are smaller and their diagnosis provides a better prognosis and longer CSS.

title: Incidental vs symptomatic XXXX : Survival outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['incidental renal tumours', 'renal tumours']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumours']


abstract: Psychomotor stimulants and neuroleptics exert multiple effects on dopaminergic signaling and produce the @entity935 (DA)-related behaviors of motor activation and @entity8364 , respectively. However, a clear relationship between dopaminergic activity and behavior has been very difficult to demonstrate in the awake animal, thus challenging existing notions about the mechanism of these drugs. The present study examined whether the drug-induced behaviors are linked to a presynaptic site of action, the @entity7712 ( @entity7712 ) for psychomotor stimulants and the DA autoreceptor for neuroleptics. Doses of @entity7831 (7 mg/kg i.p.), a DA uptake inhibitor, and @entity1767 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a dopaminergic antagonist, were selected to examine characteristic behavioral patterns for each drug: stimulant-induced motor activation in the case of @entity7831 and neuroleptic-induced @entity8364 in the case of @entity1767 . Presynaptic mechanisms were quantified in situ from extracellular DA dynamics evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded by voltammetry in the freely moving animal. In the first experiment, the maximal concentration of electrically evoked DA ([DA](max)) measured in the caudate-putamen was found to reflect the local, instantaneous change in presynaptic @entity7712 or DA autoreceptor activity according to the ascribed action of the drug injected. A positive temporal association was found between [DA](max) and motor activation following @entity7831 (r=0.99) and a negative correlation was found between [DA](max) and @entity8364 following @entity1767 (r=-0.96) in the second experiment. Taken together, the results suggest that a dopaminergic presynaptic site is a target of systemically applied psychomotor stimulants and regulates the postsynaptic action of neuroleptics during behavior. This finding was made possible by a voltammetric microprobe with millisecond temporal resolution and its use in the awake animal to assess release and uptake, two key mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Moreover, the results indicate that presynaptic mechanisms may play a more important role in DA-behavior relationships than is currently thought.

title: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in the actions of XXXX and @entity1767 .

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity7831 :: (MESH:D009627,Chemical) :: ['nomifensine']


abstract: Psychomotor stimulants and neuroleptics exert multiple effects on dopaminergic signaling and produce the @entity935 (DA)-related behaviors of motor activation and @entity8364 , respectively. However, a clear relationship between dopaminergic activity and behavior has been very difficult to demonstrate in the awake animal, thus challenging existing notions about the mechanism of these drugs. The present study examined whether the drug-induced behaviors are linked to a presynaptic site of action, the @entity7712 ( @entity7712 ) for psychomotor stimulants and the DA autoreceptor for neuroleptics. Doses of @entity7831 (7 mg/kg i.p.), a DA uptake inhibitor, and @entity1767 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a dopaminergic antagonist, were selected to examine characteristic behavioral patterns for each drug: stimulant-induced motor activation in the case of @entity7831 and neuroleptic-induced @entity8364 in the case of @entity1767 . Presynaptic mechanisms were quantified in situ from extracellular DA dynamics evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded by voltammetry in the freely moving animal. In the first experiment, the maximal concentration of electrically evoked DA ([DA](max)) measured in the caudate-putamen was found to reflect the local, instantaneous change in presynaptic @entity7712 or DA autoreceptor activity according to the ascribed action of the drug injected. A positive temporal association was found between [DA](max) and motor activation following @entity7831 (r=0.99) and a negative correlation was found between [DA](max) and @entity8364 following @entity1767 (r=-0.96) in the second experiment. Taken together, the results suggest that a dopaminergic presynaptic site is a target of systemically applied psychomotor stimulants and regulates the postsynaptic action of neuroleptics during behavior. This finding was made possible by a voltammetric microprobe with millisecond temporal resolution and its use in the awake animal to assess release and uptake, two key mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Moreover, the results indicate that presynaptic mechanisms may play a more important role in DA-behavior relationships than is currently thought.

title: A role for presynaptic mechanisms in the actions of @entity7831 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterised by deposition of a 4 kDa amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) into senile plaques of the affected brain. Abeta is a proteolytic product of the membrane protein, @entity5543 ( @entity5543 ). An alternative cleavage pathway involves alpha-secretase activity and results in secretion of a 100 kDa non-amyloidogenic @entity5543 (sAPPalpha) and therefore a potential reduction in Abeta secretion. We have shown that @entity172 induces alpha-cleavage and therefore results in the secretion of sAPPalpha. This secretion is signalled via MAP-kinase and PI-3 kinase signal-transduction pathways. These pathways also have the potential to inhibit the activation of @entity9096 (GSK), a protein involved in cell death. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further elucidate the @entity172 -mediated signaling pathways involved in @entity5543 processing, with particular emphasis on GSK activity. By stimulating @entity35 hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells with @entity53 , we found that @entity172 decreases the activation state of GSK via the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK activity by @entity4113 causes enhanced sAPPalpha secretion in a pattern similar to that seen in response to @entity172 , suggesting a pivotal role for this deactivation in @entity5543 processing. Further, inactivation of GSK by @entity172 can be confirmed in an in vivo model. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved in @entity5543 processing may help to understand the pathology of @entity195 and may also prove beneficial in developing therapeutic strategies to combat @entity195 .

title: XXXX -induced cell signalling in a cellular model of @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity9096 :: ('84027(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase 3beta']

entities_list: @entity5543 :: ('54226(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['amyloid precursor protein', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is characterised by deposition of a 4 kDa amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) into senile plaques of the affected brain. Abeta is a proteolytic product of the membrane protein, @entity5543 ( @entity5543 ). An alternative cleavage pathway involves alpha-secretase activity and results in secretion of a 100 kDa non-amyloidogenic @entity5543 (sAPPalpha) and therefore a potential reduction in Abeta secretion. We have shown that @entity172 induces alpha-cleavage and therefore results in the secretion of sAPPalpha. This secretion is signalled via MAP-kinase and PI-3 kinase signal-transduction pathways. These pathways also have the potential to inhibit the activation of @entity9096 (GSK), a protein involved in cell death. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further elucidate the @entity172 -mediated signaling pathways involved in @entity5543 processing, with particular emphasis on GSK activity. By stimulating @entity35 hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells with @entity53 , we found that @entity172 decreases the activation state of GSK via the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the inhibition of GSK activity by @entity4113 causes enhanced sAPPalpha secretion in a pattern similar to that seen in response to @entity172 , suggesting a pivotal role for this deactivation in @entity5543 processing. Further, inactivation of GSK by @entity172 can be confirmed in an in vivo model. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved in @entity5543 processing may help to understand the pathology of @entity195 and may also prove beneficial in developing therapeutic strategies to combat @entity195 .

title: @entity172 -induced cell signalling in a cellular model of XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity706 (PLB) is a @entity395 , comprising a malignant lymphoid infiltrate of bone. The goal of this study was to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and anatomic factors as prognostic indicators of survival for this disease using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: The SEER database was used to identify a study population of 692 @entity1 diagnosed with PLB in the United States from 1989 to 2003. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with effects of potential prognostic factors on survival analyzed using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.6%, with a 10-year survival rate of 30.2%. Median overall survival was 4.9 years (95% CI: 3.9, 6.1). In multivariable analysis, age (p<0.0001), marital status (p=0.006), and appendicular vs. @entity5 location (p=0.004) were found to be independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study of PLB identified age, marital status, and @entity5 location as independent indicators of prognosis. This finding supports the clinical suspicion that an @entity5 location confers a better prognosis than an @entity5 location.

title: Socioeconomic and demographic factors contributing to outcomes in @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular tumor', 'tumor', 'axial tumor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of bone']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of bone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity706 (PLB) is a @entity395 , comprising a malignant lymphoid infiltrate of bone. The goal of this study was to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and anatomic factors as prognostic indicators of survival for this disease using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: The SEER database was used to identify a study population of 692 @entity1 diagnosed with PLB in the United States from 1989 to 2003. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with effects of potential prognostic factors on survival analyzed using the log-rank test. Multivariable analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.6%, with a 10-year survival rate of 30.2%. Median overall survival was 4.9 years (95% CI: 3.9, 6.1). In multivariable analysis, age (p<0.0001), marital status (p=0.006), and appendicular vs. @entity5 location (p=0.004) were found to be independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study of PLB identified age, marital status, and @entity5 location as independent indicators of prognosis. This finding supports the clinical suspicion that an @entity5 location confers a better prognosis than an @entity5 location.

title: Socioeconomic and demographic factors contributing to outcomes in XXXX with primary @entity706 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity1229 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity14534 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity556 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity14534 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity1229 with regard to the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity955 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity1229 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity14534 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity2210 than @entity1229 . Major @entity548 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity14534 than, that in recipients of @entity1229 , and @entity510 , life-threatening major @entity548 , and total @entity548 were less common in recipients of either @entity14534 dosage than in @entity1229 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity14534 was associated with a higher rate of @entity360 than @entity1229 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity14534 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity548 endpoints compared with @entity1229 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity1229 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity1229 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity1 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity360 and @entity2210 observed with @entity14534 treatment. @entity14534 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity14534 : a review of its use in the prevention of XXXX and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate', 'dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity1229 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity14534 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity556 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity14534 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity1229 with regard to the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity955 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity1229 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity14534 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity2210 than @entity1229 . Major @entity548 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity14534 than, that in recipients of @entity1229 , and @entity510 , life-threatening major @entity548 , and total @entity548 were less common in recipients of either @entity14534 dosage than in @entity1229 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity14534 was associated with a higher rate of @entity360 than @entity1229 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity14534 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity548 endpoints compared with @entity1229 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity1229 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity1229 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity1 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity360 and @entity2210 observed with @entity14534 treatment. @entity14534 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity14534 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity64 and systemic XXXX in @entity1 with @entity955 .

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolism']


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity1229 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity14534 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity556 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity14534 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity1229 with regard to the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity955 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity1229 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity14534 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity2210 than @entity1229 . Major @entity548 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity14534 than, that in recipients of @entity1229 , and @entity510 , life-threatening major @entity548 , and total @entity548 were less common in recipients of either @entity14534 dosage than in @entity1229 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity14534 was associated with a higher rate of @entity360 than @entity1229 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity14534 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity548 endpoints compared with @entity1229 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity1229 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity1229 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity1 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity360 and @entity2210 observed with @entity14534 treatment. @entity14534 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: XXXX : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

answer: @entity14534 :: (MESH:C453962,Chemical) :: ['Dabigatran etexilate']


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity1229 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity14534 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity556 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity14534 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity1229 with regard to the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity955 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity1229 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity14534 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity2210 than @entity1229 . Major @entity548 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity14534 than, that in recipients of @entity1229 , and @entity510 , life-threatening major @entity548 , and total @entity548 were less common in recipients of either @entity14534 dosage than in @entity1229 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity14534 was associated with a higher rate of @entity360 than @entity1229 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity14534 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity548 endpoints compared with @entity1229 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity1229 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity1229 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity1 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity360 and @entity2210 observed with @entity14534 treatment. @entity14534 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity14534 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The need for safe, effective, and easily administered and monitored antithrombotic treatments that do not have the issues common to @entity1229 treatment has led to the development of new anticoagulant drugs. @entity14534 (Pradaxa  , Pradax   ) is a prodrug of the direct @entity556 inhibitor @entity3926 , a direct, reversible, potent inhibitor of @entity556 . Dabigatran does not interact with food, and is associated with very few known drug interactions. @entity14534 , at dosages of 110 and 150   mg twice daily, was shown to be noninferior to @entity1229 with regard to the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in a large, randomized, partially blinded, multicenter study in a wide spectrum of @entity1 with @entity955 . Moreover, the higher dosage was associated with significantly greater efficacy than @entity1229 in this regard. These results were supported by secondary endpoints and subgroup analyses. In general, @entity14534 is well tolerated, although it is associated with a higher rate of @entity2210 than @entity1229 . Major @entity548 was as common in recipients of the higher dosage as, and less common in recipients of the lower dosage of @entity14534 than, that in recipients of @entity1229 , and @entity510 , life-threatening major @entity548 , and total @entity548 were less common in recipients of either @entity14534 dosage than in @entity1229 recipients. However, the higher dosage of @entity14534 was associated with a higher rate of @entity360 than @entity1229 . The incidence of hepatotoxicity did not significantly differ across treatment groups. In conclusion, @entity14534 150   mg twice daily is more effective than @entity1229 for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 , and generally well tolerated, particularly with regard to @entity548 endpoints compared with @entity1229 . It requires more frequent administration than @entity1229 , but provides multiple improvements to various issues associated with @entity1229 administration. Direct comparisons with other new anticoagulant drugs would be beneficial, as would further investigation into the effects in different @entity1 populations, long-term effects, and the @entity360 and @entity2210 observed with @entity14534 treatment. @entity14534 is a promising new option for the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: @entity14534 : a review of its use in the prevention of @entity64 and systemic @entity887 in XXXX with @entity955 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5971 , especially accommodative estropia (AE), is often seen in @entity1 with @entity3467 . In this paper, the authors aim to report the management methods of different types of @entity5971 in @entity1 with @entity3467 and to show the feasibility and efficacy of prismatic correction in the management of small angle of @entity5971 in accommodative estropia. METHODS: A total of 82 esotropes with @entity3467 treated during a 2-year period from 2007 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 showed pure accommodative esotropes, whereas 45 had partial AE and 12 non-AE. All 25 pure AE @entity1 were corrected fully using glasses alone, and all 12 non-AE @entity1 received surgery. Among the 45 partial AE cases, 35 @entity1 with residual esodeviation of  <=30   @entity1726 received prismatic correction, with a success rate of 71.4% (25 of the 35 @entity1 ). The remaining 10 @entity1 who were not successfully treated with prismatic correction and the other 10 partial AE with residual esodeviation of >30   @entity1726 received surgery. The most recent follow-up examination indicated that all the non-surgical @entity1 were orthotropia or @entity5971 or had @entity5971  <=10   @entity1726 . Among the surgical @entity1 , 5 @entity1 (5 in 32 or 15.6%) exhibited unstable alignment during the postoperative follow-up period, and 10 @entity1 (10 in 32 or 31.25%) underwent additional surgery for @entity5971 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of estropia in @entity1 with @entity3467 includes wearing glasses, glasses combined with prism glasses and surgery. Prismatic correction in the treatment of small angle of @entity5971 in partial AE was feasible and efficacious. Since the follow-up lasted only a year, a long-term follow-up is needed in future studies to investigate the efficiency of the treatments.

title: The management of childhood XXXX with @entity3467 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia', 'hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esophoria', 'residual esotropia', 'Esotropia', 'esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5971 , especially accommodative estropia (AE), is often seen in @entity1 with @entity3467 . In this paper, the authors aim to report the management methods of different types of @entity5971 in @entity1 with @entity3467 and to show the feasibility and efficacy of prismatic correction in the management of small angle of @entity5971 in accommodative estropia. METHODS: A total of 82 esotropes with @entity3467 treated during a 2-year period from 2007 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 showed pure accommodative esotropes, whereas 45 had partial AE and 12 non-AE. All 25 pure AE @entity1 were corrected fully using glasses alone, and all 12 non-AE @entity1 received surgery. Among the 45 partial AE cases, 35 @entity1 with residual esodeviation of  <=30   @entity1726 received prismatic correction, with a success rate of 71.4% (25 of the 35 @entity1 ). The remaining 10 @entity1 who were not successfully treated with prismatic correction and the other 10 partial AE with residual esodeviation of >30   @entity1726 received surgery. The most recent follow-up examination indicated that all the non-surgical @entity1 were orthotropia or @entity5971 or had @entity5971  <=10   @entity1726 . Among the surgical @entity1 , 5 @entity1 (5 in 32 or 15.6%) exhibited unstable alignment during the postoperative follow-up period, and 10 @entity1 (10 in 32 or 31.25%) underwent additional surgery for @entity5971 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of estropia in @entity1 with @entity3467 includes wearing glasses, glasses combined with prism glasses and surgery. Prismatic correction in the treatment of small angle of @entity5971 in partial AE was feasible and efficacious. Since the follow-up lasted only a year, a long-term follow-up is needed in future studies to investigate the efficiency of the treatments.

title: The management of childhood @entity5971 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To better understand the effect of bevacizumab therapy on @entity5 blood flow and oxygenation status in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . Materials and Methods Retrospective data evaluation was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (ethics approval number, S-320/2012), and informed consent was waived. A total of 71 @entity1 who received a diagnosis of recurrent @entity463 underwent conventional anatomic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and dynamic susceptibility contrast material-enhanced MR imaging at baseline and at the first follow-up examination after initiation of bevacizumab therapy. Parametric response maps (PRMs) were created with multistep (nonlinear) registration of @entity1 ' post- to pretreatment images and voxel-wise subtraction between Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV) and Gaussian-normalized relative cerebral blood flow (nrCBF) maps. Intratumor voxels were stratified as being increased (PRM[+]) or decreased (PRM[-]) if they exceeded a threshold that represented the 95% confidence interval in the normal-appearing brain. Correlation with progression-free and overall survival was performed with Cox proportional hazards models. Results The risks for disease progression and @entity204 significantly increased with (a) higher baseline nrCBV (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.86, P < .01; HR = 1.52, P < .01) and nrCBF (HR = 1.78, P < .01; HR = 1.86, P < .01) values and (b) higher PRM(-) of nrCBV (HR = 1.03, P = .01; HR = 1.02, P = .03) and nrCBF (HR = 1.04, P < .01; HR = 1.03, P < .01), but not with higher PRM(+) of nrCBV and nrCBF, and not for the relative change in mean nrCBV and nrCBF, confirming the superiority of the PRM approach. The magnitude of PRM(-) for both nrCBV and nrCBF significantly increased for higher baseline values (P < .01). Conclusion Pretreatment hemodynamic parameters are the principal determinant of response to bevacizumab therapy in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . Although the magnitude of PRM(-) is a function of the corresponding pretreatment parameter, the finding of higher PRM(-) and a lack of change in PRM(+) in nonresponders to bevacizumab therapy implies that @entity5 with a high degree of angiogenesis before bevacizumab therapy retain a higher level of angiogenesis during therapy, despite a greater antiangiogenic effect of bevacizumab, such that a reversal of the biologic behavior and relative prognosis of these @entity5 does not occur. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: MR Perfusion-derived Hemodynamic Parametric Response Mapping of Bevacizumab Efficacy in Recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the predictive relevance of clinical characteristics, additional cytogenetic aberrations, and cKIT and RAS mutations, as well as to evaluate whether specific treatment elements were associated with outcomes in pediatric t(8;21)-positive @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Karyotypes of 916 pediatric @entity1 with t(8;21)- @entity3052 were reviewed for the presence of additional cytogenetic aberrations, and 228 samples were screened for presence of cKIT and RAS mutations. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relevance of @entity8253 , @entity2592 , and @entity2879 during induction and overall treatment. End points were the probability of achieving complete remission, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), probability of event-free survival, and probability of overall survival. RESULTS: Of 838 @entity1 included in final analyses, 92% achieved complete remission. The 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, and CIR were 74%, 58%, and 26%, respectively. cKIT mutations and RAS mutations were not significantly associated with outcome. @entity1 with deletions of chromosome arm 9q [del(9q); n = 104] had a lower probability of complete remission (P = .01). Gain of chromosome 4 (+4; n = 21) was associated with inferior CIR and survival (P < .01). @entity5948 doses greater than 150 mg/m(2) and @entity2879 doses greater than 500 mg/m(2) in the first induction course and high-dose @entity2592 3 g/m(2) during induction were associated with better outcomes on various end points. Cumulative doses of @entity2592 greater than 30 g/m(2) and @entity2879 greater than 1,500 mg/m(2) were associated with lower CIR rates and better probability of event-free survival. CONCLUSION: Pediatric @entity1 with t(8;21)- @entity3052 and additional del(9q) or additional +4 might not be considered at good risk. @entity1 with t(8;21)- @entity3052 likely benefit from protocols that have high doses of @entity8253 , @entity2879 , and @entity2592 during induction, as well as from protocols comprising cumulative high doses of @entity2592 and @entity2879 .

title: Clinical Impact of Additional Cytogenetic Aberrations, cKIT and RAS Mutations, and Treatment Elements in Pediatric t(8;21)- XXXX : Results From an International Retrospective Study by the International Berlin-Frankfurt-M  nster Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate postradiation regional heart perfusion changes with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging in 69 @entity1 treated with tangential photon beams radiation therapy (RT) for @entity0 . To correlate SPECT changes with percent irradiated left ventricle (LV) volume and risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Rest SPECT of the LV was acquired pre-RT and at 6-month intervals post-RT. The extent of defects (%) with a severity > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean was quantitatively analyzed for the distributions of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) based on computer assisted polar map reconstruction (i.e., bull's-eye-view). Changes in perfusion were correlated with percent irradiated LV receiving > 25 Gy (range 0-32%). Data on @entity1 - and treatment-related factors were collected prospectively (e.g., cardiac premorbidity, risk factors for @entity453 , chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment). RESULTS: In the LAD distribution, there were increased perfusion defects at 6 months (median 11%; interquartile range 2-23) compared with baseline (median 5%; interquartile range 1-14) (p < 0.001). There were no increases in perfusion defects in the LCX or RCA distributions. In multivariate analysis, the SPECT perfusion changes in the LAD distribution at 6 months were independently associated with percent irradiated LV (p < 0.001), hormonal therapy (p = 0.005), and pre-RT @entity1007 (p = 0.006). The SPECT defects in the LAD distribution at 12 and 18 months were not statistically different from those at 6 months. The perfusion defects in the LAD distribution were limited essentially to the regions of irradiated myocardium. CONCLUSION: Tangential photon beam RT in @entity1 with @entity0 was associated with short-term SPECT defects in the vascular distribution corresponding to the radiation portals. Factors related to the extent of perfusion defects included the percent irradiated LV, hormonal treatment, and pre-RT @entity1007 .

title: Myocardial perfusion changes in @entity1 irradiated for XXXX and correlation with coronary artery distribution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['left-sided breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate postradiation regional heart perfusion changes with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging in 69 @entity1 treated with tangential photon beams radiation therapy (RT) for @entity0 . To correlate SPECT changes with percent irradiated left ventricle (LV) volume and risk factors for @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Rest SPECT of the LV was acquired pre-RT and at 6-month intervals post-RT. The extent of defects (%) with a severity > 1.5 standard deviations below the mean was quantitatively analyzed for the distributions of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) based on computer assisted polar map reconstruction (i.e., bull's-eye-view). Changes in perfusion were correlated with percent irradiated LV receiving > 25 Gy (range 0-32%). Data on @entity1 - and treatment-related factors were collected prospectively (e.g., cardiac premorbidity, risk factors for @entity453 , chemotherapy, and hormonal treatment). RESULTS: In the LAD distribution, there were increased perfusion defects at 6 months (median 11%; interquartile range 2-23) compared with baseline (median 5%; interquartile range 1-14) (p < 0.001). There were no increases in perfusion defects in the LCX or RCA distributions. In multivariate analysis, the SPECT perfusion changes in the LAD distribution at 6 months were independently associated with percent irradiated LV (p < 0.001), hormonal therapy (p = 0.005), and pre-RT @entity1007 (p = 0.006). The SPECT defects in the LAD distribution at 12 and 18 months were not statistically different from those at 6 months. The perfusion defects in the LAD distribution were limited essentially to the regions of irradiated myocardium. CONCLUSION: Tangential photon beam RT in @entity1 with @entity0 was associated with short-term SPECT defects in the vascular distribution corresponding to the radiation portals. Factors related to the extent of perfusion defects included the percent irradiated LV, hormonal treatment, and pre-RT @entity1007 .

title: Myocardial perfusion changes in XXXX irradiated for @entity0 and correlation with coronary artery distribution.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compares clinical and functional outcomes of @entity1 with displaced @entity174 treated with either @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) or a hook plate construct. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity174 operatively treated with either @entity2701 or plate fixation (PF) using a hook plate over a 7-year period. @entity1 demographics, @entity130 , and surgical management were recorded. @entity174 were classified according to the Mayo system. Measured outcomes included range of elbow motion, time to union, and development of @entity260 . Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) scores were obtained for all @entity1 . All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 6  months. RESULTS: A total of 48 @entity1 were included in this study, 23 treated with @entity2701 and 25 treated with hook PF. Groups did not differ with respect to @entity1 demographics, Mayo fracture type, or duration of follow-up. @entity1 undergoing PF had less terminal extension than @entity2701 @entity1 (-8.6        7   vs. -3.5        9.3  , p  =  0.036) and a longer time to radiographic union (19      8 vs. 12      6  weeks, p  =  0.001). There were no differences in rates of symptomatic hardware, MEPI scores, or other clinical outcomes. Two @entity1 in each group required a second surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2701 and PF of @entity174 had similarly excellent functional outcomes in this study. @entity1 undergoing PF had a longer time to union and slightly worse extension at final follow-up. @entity2701 remains an effective treatment for appropriately selected @entity174 and in this cohort outperformed plate osteosynthesis.

title: Outcome after XXXX repair: Does construct type matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['olecranon fractures', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['TBW', 'tension band wiring']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury information']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['olecranon fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is often preceded by @entity1459 . Helping @entity1 identify the onset of @entity1459 rather than @entity583 may result in earlier treatment and improve outcomes. @entity1459 is @entity951 occurring at a lower-than-usual workload. Since heart rate (HR) is correlated with degree of exertion, we hypothesised that @entity951 occurring at low HR is a warning signal for @entity1459 and @entity583 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 111 @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) or prognostically significant @entity301 were recruited. Each @entity1 's HR was measured using a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder after regular class III exercise on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale and the cumulative moving average and three-sigma (standard deviation) range were calculated for each new measurement. The HR was subsequently measured at the @entity951 ; a HR lower than the preceding three-sigma ranges for @entity299 was regarded as a 'warning signal'. The proportion of warning signals associated with @entity1187 occurring in the following 2  weeks was compared with that for non-warning signals. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity1187 occurred in eight @entity1 . Two cases were preceded by warning signals; a signal marked the onset of @entity1187 in a third @entity1 , and four @entity1 failed to make anginal ECG recordings. There were 591 documented episodes of @entity951 during the study and ECGs were available for 383 (64.8  %) of these of which 55 were warning signals. Of these warning signals, 4 occurred in the 2  weeks preceding @entity1187 , compared with 4 of 328 non-warning signals (odds ratio, 6.4; 95  % confidence interval, 1.5-26.2; p   =   0.01; positive predictive value, 7.3  %; negative predictive value, 98.8  %). CONCLUSIONS: Low HR @entity951 may identify @entity1459 and serve as an early warning for @entity583 . In addition, @entity951 that does not occur at a @entity258 indicates that @entity1187 is very unlikely.

title: Angina at XXXX And Risk of imminent @entity583 (the ALARM study): a prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['beginning of angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['class III or anginal HR']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low heart rate']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['Low heart rate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is often preceded by @entity1459 . Helping @entity1 identify the onset of @entity1459 rather than @entity583 may result in earlier treatment and improve outcomes. @entity1459 is @entity951 occurring at a lower-than-usual workload. Since heart rate (HR) is correlated with degree of exertion, we hypothesised that @entity951 occurring at low HR is a warning signal for @entity1459 and @entity583 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 111 @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) or prognostically significant @entity301 were recruited. Each @entity1 's HR was measured using a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder after regular class III exercise on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale and the cumulative moving average and three-sigma (standard deviation) range were calculated for each new measurement. The HR was subsequently measured at the @entity951 ; a HR lower than the preceding three-sigma ranges for @entity299 was regarded as a 'warning signal'. The proportion of warning signals associated with @entity1187 occurring in the following 2  weeks was compared with that for non-warning signals. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity1187 occurred in eight @entity1 . Two cases were preceded by warning signals; a signal marked the onset of @entity1187 in a third @entity1 , and four @entity1 failed to make anginal ECG recordings. There were 591 documented episodes of @entity951 during the study and ECGs were available for 383 (64.8  %) of these of which 55 were warning signals. Of these warning signals, 4 occurred in the 2  weeks preceding @entity1187 , compared with 4 of 328 non-warning signals (odds ratio, 6.4; 95  % confidence interval, 1.5-26.2; p   =   0.01; positive predictive value, 7.3  %; negative predictive value, 98.8  %). CONCLUSIONS: Low HR @entity951 may identify @entity1459 and serve as an early warning for @entity583 . In addition, @entity951 that does not occur at a @entity258 indicates that @entity1187 is very unlikely.

title: Angina at @entity258 And Risk of imminent XXXX (the ALARM study): a prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: Cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer requires silencing of the donor cell gene expression program and the initiation of the embryonic gene expression program (nuclear reprogramming). Failure to silence the donor cell program could lead to altered embryonic phenotypes. Cloned @entity19 embryos produced using myoblast nuclei fail to thrive in standard embryo culture media but flourish in somatic cell culture media favored by the donor myoblasts themselves, forming blastocysts at a significant rate, with robust morphologies, high total cell number, and a normal allocation of cells to the inner cell mass in most embryos. Myoblast cloned embryos continue expressing the @entity3240 @entity413 transporter, which is typically expressed in muscle but not in preimplantation stage embryos. Myoblast clones also exhibit precocious enrichment of @entity29408 at the cell surface. Both myoblast and cumulus cell cloned embryos exhibit enhanced rates of @entity413 uptake. These observations indicate that silencing of the donor cell genome during cloning either is incomplete or occurs progressively over the course of preimplantation development. As a result, cloned embryos initially exhibit many somatic cell-like characteristics. @entity8339 , which possess a transplanted somatic cell genome plus the oocyte-derived chromosomes, exhibit a more embryonic-like pattern of gene expression and culture preference. We conclude that preimplantation stage cloned embryos have profoundly altered characteristics that are donor cell type specific and that exposure of cloned embryos to standard embryo culture conditions may lead to disruptions in basic homeostasis and inhibition of a range of essential processes including further nuclear reprogramming, contributing to cloned embryo demise.

title: Somatic cell-like features of cloned XXXX embryos prepared with cultured myoblast nuclei.

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['Tetraploid constructs']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Three hundred thirty-one cases of @entity3377 included in a 10-year prospective protocol were reviewed to identify and follow up @entity1 with @entity1511 . Of 20 @entity1 (17 male and three female; mean age, 54 years), @entity1511 was diagnosed soon after onset of the @entity3377 in 15, there were significant systemic symptoms in 17, and blood cultures were positive for @entity6467 in 14. The main symptom was @entity158 . The commonest radiographic changes were narrowing of the disk and @entity1610 . The discrete character of radiographic alterations and negative uptake on bone scanning caused diagnostic delays in three @entity1 . 99mTc bone scans finally became abnormal in all @entity1 , but were not useful for follow-up because low uptake persisted after the clinical status stabilized. Three @entity1 had paravertebral abscesses; in two of them fever and @entity158 persisted despite antibiotic therapy until diagnosis and surgical drainage. Finally, all @entity1 were cured, ten with sequelae. @entity1511 often had an acute clinical course with @entity2259 . Because neither clinical nor radiographic changes one year after onset were significant, long-term follow-up is not considered necessary except when paravertebral abscess is suspected.

title: XXXX : a detailed analysis based on current findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['epiphysitis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['Brucellar spondylitis', 'spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['Brucellar spondylitis']


abstract: The degree of @entity1949 during early cleavage is universally used as an indicator of embryo quality during @entity1 in vitro fertilization treatment. @entity1949 has been associated with reduced blastocyst formation and implantation. We examined the relationship between early @entity1949 and subsequent allocation of cells to the trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the @entity1 blastocyst. We retrospectively analyzed data from 363 monospermic @entity1 embryos that exhibited varying degrees of @entity1949 on Day 2. Embryos were cultured from Day 2 to Day 6 in Earle balanced salt solution with 1 mM @entity413 and human serum albumin. Rates of development and blastocyst formation were measured. The number of cells in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass and the incidence of apoptosis were assessed following differential labeling with polynucleotide-specific fluorochromes. Increasing @entity1949 resulted in reduced blastocyst formation and lower blastocyst cell numbers. For minimal and moderate levels of @entity1949 , the reduction in cell numbers was confined largely to the trophectoderm and a steady number of inner cell mass cells was maintained. However, with extensive @entity1949 of more than 25%, cell numbers in both lineages were reduced in the few embryos that formed blastocysts. Apoptotic nuclei were present in both the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, with the lowest incidence in blastocysts that had developed from embryos with minor (5-10%) @entity1949 . @entity2121 , higher levels of apoptosis were seen in embryos of excellent morphology, suggesting a possible role in regulation of cell number.

title: Maintenance of the inner cell mass in XXXX blastocysts from fragmented embryos.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation', 'Extensive fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 can have instant and prolonged consequences to behavioral and neurologic outcomes in neonates. Although the use of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block to minimize @entity158 has been demonstrated in neonates, no data regarding the safety of this procedure are available for this @entity1 population. For instance, it is unknown whether plasma levels of local anesthetics are safe in neonates after TAP blocks. The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate plasma @entity1341 concentrations in neonates having an ultrasound-guided TAP block. METHODS: The study was a prospective, observational study. After general anesthesia was induced, neonates received an ultrasound-guided TAP block with 0.125% @entity1341 and a total volume of 1 mL/kg. Dried blood spot samples were obtained and analyzed for @entity1341 levels at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 minutes, 4, and 24 hours after the TAP block. RESULTS: Ten neonates were included in the study. The highest 99% upper prediction limit for blood concentration, 0.38   g/mL, occurred at the 30-minute interval, but it was significantly lower than potentially toxic plasma levels (1.5-2.0   g/mL). The highest individual concentration was 0.26   g/mL and occurred at the 30-minute interval. None of the @entity1 demonstrated any potential signs of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a low risk of @entity137 in neonates after a TAP block. Future studies to determine the efficacy of the TAP block to minimize @entity158 in this @entity1 population are warranted.

title: Blood XXXX Concentrations After Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['local anesthetic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Untreated pain', 'postsurgical pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['Bupivacaine']


abstract: @entity935 has been implicated in the control of sexual behaviour, but its role seems quite complex and controversial. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of @entity935 (DA) acting on D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) on sexual behaviour in female @entity742 . To achieve this, the D2 agonist, @entity11640 , was administered bilaterally via microdialysis probes into the MBH of ovariectomized ewes either before or after @entity53 (E2) administration. @entity11640 (100 ng/ml) infused for 6 h just before E2 hastened the onset of oestrus behaviour and the luteinizing hormone surge, whereas the same treatment given 6-12 h or 18-21 h after E2 decreased the intensity of sexual receptivity without affecting LH or prolactin secretion. We then tested the hypothesis that E2 stimulates the onset of oestrus partly by decreasing DA activation of D2 receptors. In this case the D2 antagonists @entity1766 or @entity11054 (100 ng/ml) were infused into the MBH via microdialysis probes for 11 h in the absence of E2 administration. A significant number of ewes showed induction of receptivity with both antagonists, although its intensity was significantly lower than that induced by E2. These treatments generally did not significantly alter extracellular concentrations of @entity1154 or @entity1522 although @entity11640 modulated the ability of sexual interactions to increase @entity1063 release. These experiments show that DA acts via D2 receptors in the MBH to control female sexual behaviour in a biphasic manner: the onset of sexual motivation and receptivity requiring an initial increase in activation followed by a decrease. This dual action could explain some of the controversies concerning DA action on sexual behaviour.

title: Biphasic role of XXXX on female sexual behaviour via D2 receptors in the mediobasal hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole', 'Quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoacids']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['spiperone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic shoulder dislocations are extremely rare. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity2065 in our environment and to evaluate the outcome of treatment. Bio-demographic data and @entity130 were retrieved from case files. Definitive method of reduction and stabilisation and duration of follow-up care were also noted. Nine cases of subcoracoid anterior @entity2065 were seen during the 6-year period of the study. Seven (78%) of these @entity1 were male and two (22%) were female. The mean age was 42 (  17.5) years. The common mechanisms of injury were road traffic crash in four @entity1 (44%), domestic falls in four @entity1 (44%) and dislocation while getting out of bed in one @entity1 (12%). None of the @entity1 had @entity531 at presentation. Five @entity1 were managed operatively and four were managed non-operatively. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range 6-12 months). Clinical evaluation by Rowe shoulder score revealed that operated cases had significantly higher mean rank scores than non-operated cases using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two operated cases were graded fair and three poor. All cases managed non-operatively had poor outcome grades. Meticulous attempt at soft tissue repair and early supervised physiotherapy can contribute to a favourable outcome.

title: XXXX : Experience in a developing country @entity130 centre.

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular deficit']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['chronic shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury details']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['Chronic unreduced shoulder dislocations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic shoulder dislocations are extremely rare. The goal of this retrospective study was to describe the epidemiology of @entity2065 in our environment and to evaluate the outcome of treatment. Bio-demographic data and @entity130 were retrieved from case files. Definitive method of reduction and stabilisation and duration of follow-up care were also noted. Nine cases of subcoracoid anterior @entity2065 were seen during the 6-year period of the study. Seven (78%) of these @entity1 were male and two (22%) were female. The mean age was 42 (  17.5) years. The common mechanisms of injury were road traffic crash in four @entity1 (44%), domestic falls in four @entity1 (44%) and dislocation while getting out of bed in one @entity1 (12%). None of the @entity1 had @entity531 at presentation. Five @entity1 were managed operatively and four were managed non-operatively. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range 6-12 months). Clinical evaluation by Rowe shoulder score revealed that operated cases had significantly higher mean rank scores than non-operated cases using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two operated cases were graded fair and three poor. All cases managed non-operatively had poor outcome grades. Meticulous attempt at soft tissue repair and early supervised physiotherapy can contribute to a favourable outcome.

title: @entity2065 : Experience in a developing country XXXX centre.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether computed tomography (CT) accurately depicted gastrointestinal tract involvement in @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans were retrospectively reviewed in 14 @entity1 with pathologically proved PTCLs of the gastrointestinal tract for the following considerations: sites, patterns of involvement (ie, morphologic features, bowel wall thickness or mass size, and contrast enhancement pattern), and ancillary findings at other sites (ie, @entity3329 , bowel perforation, and involvement of other organs). RESULTS: @entity3191 involved the stomach in three @entity1 , the small intestine in eight, both the stomach and the small intestine in one, and the sigmoid colon in two; multifocal involvement was seen in three (21%) @entity1 . CT failed to demonstrate the bowel lesions in three of 14 @entity1 . At CT, 11 @entity1 had gastric or bowel wall thickening (n = 10) and a polypoid mass (n = 1). In 10 @entity1 , the gastric or bowel wall thickening was mild (<1 cm) in six, moderate (1-2 cm) in three, and severe (>2 cm) in one. Lymphadenopathy was noted in nine (64%) @entity1 , with the nonbulky type in eight and the bulky type in one. Bowel perforation occurred in four (29%) @entity1 . Other organs were involved in eight (57%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CT can depict @entity3191 involving the gastrointestinal tract if it is not confined to the mucosa. There is a tendency toward preferential jejunal or duodenal involvement, as well as bowel perforation.

title: CT findings in XXXX involving the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been a long-standing controversy about the possibility that selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants might induce suicidality in some @entity1 . METHODS: Starting from the clinical studies that gave rise to this issue, this paper reviews an unselected cohort of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a series of meta-analyses undertaken to investigate aspects of the problem, studies in recurrent brief @entity308 , epidemiological studies and healthy volunteer studies using SSRIs to shed light on this issue. RESULTS: The original clinical studies produced evidence of a dose-dependent link, present on a challenge, dechallenge and rechallenge basis, between SSRIs and both @entity2146 and suicidality. Meta-analyses of RCTs conducted around this time indicate that SSRIs may reduce suicidal ideation in some @entity1 . These same RCTs, however, yield an excess of suicides and suicide attempts on active treatments compared with placebos. This excess also appears in the best-controlled epidemiological studies. Finally, healthy volunteer studies give indications that SSRIs may induce @entity2146 and suicidality in some individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The data reviewed here, which indicate a possible doubling of the relative risk of both suicides and suicide attempts on SSRIs compared with older antidepressants or non-treatment, make it difficult to sustain a null hypothesis, i.e. that SSRIs do not cause problems in some individuals to whom they are given. Further studies or further access to data are indicated to establish the magnitude of any risk and the characteristics of @entity1 who may be most at risk.

title: Lines of evidence on the risks of suicide with selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: This article presents our results of surgical treatment of @entity102 media (COM) and discusses its efficacy regarding the control of disease and hearing results. A retrospective chart review of 84 ears was performed. Forty-one ears with noncholesteatomatous COM underwent tympanomastoidectomy, 43 ears with @entity3540 were managed according to the extension of the disease, closed mastoidectomy was indicated in 19 cases, and open mastoidectomy was performed in 24 ears. In the group without @entity3540 , a stable ear with closed tympanic membrane was obtained in 85% of cases after the first procedure. The speech response threshold before and after surgery was 38 and 26 dB. In @entity1 with @entity3540 , a dry ear was achieved in 79% of cases on both techniques after the first intervention. The recurrence rate of @entity3540 was 10% for the closed technique and 4% for the open technique. The mean preoperative and postoperative SRTs for the closed technique were 30 and 29 dB and for the open technique were 50 and 54 dB. The surgical treatment for COM can be a rewarding procedure if a correct technique is indicated. The surgery should be tailored regarding the clinical stage and intraoperative findings in each case.

title: Efficacy of surgical treatment of XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic otitis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To examine differences between preoperative and postoperative fear of movement and investigate the relationship between fear of movement and @entity158 , disability and physical health after spinal surgery for degenerative conditions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Consistent evidence supports the relationship between fear of movement and higher levels of @entity158 and disability in various @entity1118 populations. Fear of movement among @entity1 undergoing spinal surgery for @entity1118 has received little attention in the literature. METHODS: @entity1 were 141 @entity1 treated with surgery for lumbar and cervical degenerative conditions. Assessments were conducted before surgery and 6 weeks and 3 months after hospitalization. Fear of movement was measured with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and outcomes were measured with the Brief Pain Inventory, Oswestry or Neck Disability Index, and 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS: Follow-up rates were 91% and 87% for 6 weeks and 3 months, respectively. Fear of movement beliefs improved after surgery, but 49% of @entity1 continued to have high fear of movement at 6-week follow-up and 39% at 3-month follow-up. @entity1 with higher levels of fear of movement had poorer postoperative outcomes. Multilevel linear regression analyses found that postoperative fear of movement was independently associated with @entity282 intensity, @entity158 interference, disability, and physical health (P < 0.001), after controlling for @entity308 , age, sex, education, race, comorbidities, type and area of surgery, prior surgeries, and baseline outcome score. Preoperative fear of movement was not predictive of poorer surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that postoperative but not preoperative fear of movement beliefs explain unique and significant variance in @entity282 , disability, and physical health. Clinicians interested in improving surgical outcomes should address postoperative fear of movement along with other traditional clinical and medical risk factors. Recommendations include postoperative screening for high fear of movement beliefs and incorporating cognitive-behavioral techniques into postoperative rehabilitation for at-risk surgical spine @entity1 .

title: The effect of fear of movement beliefs on XXXX and disability after surgery for lumbar and cervical degenerative conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal local anesthetic with rapid onset and prolonged duration has yet to be developed. Clinicians use mixtures of local anesthetics in an attempt to combine their advantages. We tested the hypothesis that sequential supraclavicular injection of 1.5% @entity10541 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity1342 speeds onset of sensory block and prolongs duration of @entity1337 compared with simultaneous injection of the same 2 local anesthetics. METHODS: We enrolled 103 @entity1 undergoing surgery suitable for supraclavicular anesthesia. The primary outcome was time to 4-nerve sensory block onset in each of the 4 major nerve distributions: median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous. Secondary outcomes included time to onset of first sensory block, time to complete motor block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity158 scores at rest and with movement, and total opioid consumption. Outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test or the analysis of variance, as appropriate. RESULTS: Times to 4-nerve sensory block onset were not different between sequential and combined anesthetic administration. The time to complete motor block onset was faster in the combined group as compared with the sequential. There were not significant differences between the 2 randomized groups in other secondary outcomes, such as the time to onset of first sensory block, the duration of @entity1337 , the @entity158 scores at rest or with movement, or the total opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential injection of 1.5% @entity10541 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity1342 provides no advantage compared with simultaneous injection of the same doses.

title: Combined versus sequential injection of XXXX and @entity1342 for supraclavicular nerve blocks.

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity10541 :: (MESH:D008619,Chemical) :: ['mepivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal local anesthetic with rapid onset and prolonged duration has yet to be developed. Clinicians use mixtures of local anesthetics in an attempt to combine their advantages. We tested the hypothesis that sequential supraclavicular injection of 1.5% @entity10541 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity1342 speeds onset of sensory block and prolongs duration of @entity1337 compared with simultaneous injection of the same 2 local anesthetics. METHODS: We enrolled 103 @entity1 undergoing surgery suitable for supraclavicular anesthesia. The primary outcome was time to 4-nerve sensory block onset in each of the 4 major nerve distributions: median, ulnar, radial, and musculocutaneous. Secondary outcomes included time to onset of first sensory block, time to complete motor block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity158 scores at rest and with movement, and total opioid consumption. Outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test or the analysis of variance, as appropriate. RESULTS: Times to 4-nerve sensory block onset were not different between sequential and combined anesthetic administration. The time to complete motor block onset was faster in the combined group as compared with the sequential. There were not significant differences between the 2 randomized groups in other secondary outcomes, such as the time to onset of first sensory block, the duration of @entity1337 , the @entity158 scores at rest or with movement, or the total opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential injection of 1.5% @entity10541 followed 90 secs later by 0.5% @entity1342 provides no advantage compared with simultaneous injection of the same doses.

title: Combined versus sequential injection of @entity10541 and XXXX for supraclavicular nerve blocks.

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized @entity35 and mortality as well as changes in ECG were evaluated for 30 min thereafter. Saline or drugs were administered 15 min prior to ligation. In the control group, following a 4 min lag period @entity943 as single ectopic beats, @entity1165 and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) appeared, reaching a maximum between 10 and 20 min and disappearing after 30 min. Mortality (40% in the control group) coincided with the period of maximal @entity943 , with @entity2224 more common in animals that died than in those surviving. @entity6231 , a drug which reduces sino-atrial rate specifically but has no conventional antiarrhythmic properties, reduced mortality and @entity2224 . By means of order statistics the quantity 'risk of @entity204 ' was used for evaluation of drug effects, considering incidence of @entity204 and @entity2224 as well as duration of @entity2224 . This quantity was reduced in correlation with the dose of @entity6231 (1-6 mg/kg i.v.) and in correlation with the reduction of heart rate. @entity2683 , an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-depressant properties, also reduced the 'risk of @entity204 ' dose dependently (1-10 mg/kg i.v.), but there was no correlation with a decrease in heart rate. It is suggested that @entity6231 reduced 'risk of @entity204 ' by means of a reduced @entity26 demand due to a decrease in heart rate.

title: Antifibrillatory properties of XXXX after coronary artery occlusion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6231 :: ('MESH:C022192', 'Chemical') :: ['Alinidine', 'alinidine']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['Mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity6231 :: (MESH:C022192,Chemical) :: ['alinidine']


abstract: Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in open-chest anaesthetized @entity35 and mortality as well as changes in ECG were evaluated for 30 min thereafter. Saline or drugs were administered 15 min prior to ligation. In the control group, following a 4 min lag period @entity943 as single ectopic beats, @entity1165 and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) appeared, reaching a maximum between 10 and 20 min and disappearing after 30 min. Mortality (40% in the control group) coincided with the period of maximal @entity943 , with @entity2224 more common in animals that died than in those surviving. @entity6231 , a drug which reduces sino-atrial rate specifically but has no conventional antiarrhythmic properties, reduced mortality and @entity2224 . By means of order statistics the quantity 'risk of @entity204 ' was used for evaluation of drug effects, considering incidence of @entity204 and @entity2224 as well as duration of @entity2224 . This quantity was reduced in correlation with the dose of @entity6231 (1-6 mg/kg i.v.) and in correlation with the reduction of heart rate. @entity2683 , an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-depressant properties, also reduced the 'risk of @entity204 ' dose dependently (1-10 mg/kg i.v.), but there was no correlation with a decrease in heart rate. It is suggested that @entity6231 reduced 'risk of @entity204 ' by means of a reduced @entity26 demand due to a decrease in heart rate.

title: Antifibrillatory properties of @entity6231 after coronary artery occlusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']