abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ) is a rare @entity8 caused by an uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway leading to @entity454 in 50  % of @entity1 . As such, @entity3630 has been classified within the spectrum of complement component 3 ( @entity4417 ) glomerulopathies due to its pathogenesis from alternative pathway dysregulation. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have no proven effectiveness. Eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, has been reported to mitigate disease in some cases. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: We report on the efficacy of eculizumab in a pediatric @entity1 who failed to respond to @entity786 , @entity288 , and plasma exchange. Complement biomarker profiling was remarkable for low serum @entity4417 , low properdin, and elevated soluble C5b-9. Consistent with these findings, the alternative pathway functional assay was abnormally low, indicative of alternative pathway activity, although neither @entity4417 -nephritic factors nor @entity4050 autoantibodies were detected. Eculizumab therapy was associated with significant improvement in @entity644 and renal function allowing discontinuation of hemodialysis (HD). Repeat @entity4417 and soluble C5b-9 levels normalized, showing that terminal complement pathway activity was successfully blocked while the @entity1 was receiving eculizumab therapy. Repeat testing for alternative pathway activation allowed for a successful decrease in eculizumab dosing. CONCLUSIONS: The case reported here demonstrates the successful recovery of renal function in a pediatric @entity1 on HD following the use of eculizumab.

title: Discontinuation of dialysis with eculizumab therapy in a pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'Dense deposit disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3630 :: (MESH:D015432,Disease) :: ['dense deposit disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ) is a rare @entity8 caused by an uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway leading to @entity454 in 50  % of @entity1 . As such, @entity3630 has been classified within the spectrum of complement component 3 ( @entity4417 ) glomerulopathies due to its pathogenesis from alternative pathway dysregulation. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have no proven effectiveness. Eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, has been reported to mitigate disease in some cases. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: We report on the efficacy of eculizumab in a pediatric @entity1 who failed to respond to @entity786 , @entity288 , and plasma exchange. Complement biomarker profiling was remarkable for low serum @entity4417 , low properdin, and elevated soluble C5b-9. Consistent with these findings, the alternative pathway functional assay was abnormally low, indicative of alternative pathway activity, although neither @entity4417 -nephritic factors nor @entity4050 autoantibodies were detected. Eculizumab therapy was associated with significant improvement in @entity644 and renal function allowing discontinuation of hemodialysis (HD). Repeat @entity4417 and soluble C5b-9 levels normalized, showing that terminal complement pathway activity was successfully blocked while the @entity1 was receiving eculizumab therapy. Repeat testing for alternative pathway activation allowed for a successful decrease in eculizumab dosing. CONCLUSIONS: The case reported here demonstrates the successful recovery of renal function in a pediatric @entity1 on HD following the use of eculizumab.

title: Discontinuation of dialysis with eculizumab therapy in a pediatric XXXX with @entity3630 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Several compounds, in particular @entity3645 , undergo enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Limited data are available on the pathophysiologic aspects of this circulation. In the present study we describe a surgical technique in @entity35 that allows a long-term, reversible interruption of the EHC and monitoring of peripheral blood levels without direct surgical intervention. This technique excludes the effects of anesthesia and surgical @entity130 . The model's validity has been tested extensively. We used this animal model to investigate acute and chronic effects of interruption and subsequent restoration of the EHC on (a) nutritional status, (b) plasma @entity165 levels and hepatic @entity165 synthesis, and (c) biliary @entity6741 , phospholipid, and @entity165 excretion. Interruption of the EHC resulted in an increased food intake and enhanced fecal @entity393 , caused by a less efficient intestinal absorption. Plasma @entity165 concentrations declined immediately after the interruption of the EHC, but returned to almost control values during bile diversion. A marked overshoot followed the subsequent restoration of the EHC. Hepatic @entity165 synthesis showed a five-fold increase after 8 days of bile diversion but returned to control values within 2 days after restoration of the EHC. After interruption of the EHC, @entity6741 , @entity10271 , and @entity165 excretion decreased sharply but stabilized after 3 h at 7.6%, 20%, and 23%, respectively, of their initial values. @entity6741 output, representing @entity99 , slowly increased over 4 days, but never exceeded 13% of its value during intact EHC. Subsequent restoration of the EHC could rapidly reverse the observed effects of the interruption. The animal model described in the present study is an excellent tool in studying the acute and chronic effects of disturbances of the EHC.

title: Enterohepatic circulation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic synthesis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid', 'Bile acid']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['energy loss']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity10271 :: ('CHEBI:16247', 'Chemical') :: ['phospholipid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Etodolac, a selective @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) inhibitor, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. @entity1996 is a key factor in the progression of @entity32 . Although @entity32 is an essential pathologic feature of cardiac allograft rejection, the role of @entity1996 in this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of COX and the effects of etodolac in a @entity19 cardiac allograft model. Balb/c @entity19 (H-2d) were used as recipients and C57BL/6 (H-2b) @entity19 as heart donors. Heart function was evaluated daily after transplantation by regular abdominal palpation of the heart and by laparotomy in cases where the beating became weak. Rejection was defined as total cessation of cardiac muscle contraction. @entity1996 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac isograft was well tolerated (>150 days, n=5), while non-treated cardiac allograft was rapidly rejected (mean  10.9  2.4, n=7). In the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft (10 mg/kg/day by hypodermic injection), survival was extended to 18.53  2.1 days (n=7). The @entity39 area and the grade of @entity1996 immunostaining were more significantly reduced in the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft than in the non-treated cardiac allograft at day  14. These results indicate that etodolac contributes to protection against rejection after heart transplantation. Etodolac could therefore be used to suppress graft rejection by means of its anti-inflammatory properties.

title: Administration of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor etodolac prolongs cardiac allograft survival in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Informed consent is a key element of ethical clinical research. Addicted population may be at risk for impaired consent capacity. However, very little research has focused on their comprehension of consent forms. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of addicted individuals to provide consent to research. METHODS: 53 subjects with @entity4987 diagnoses of a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and 50 non @entity146 comparison subjects (NPCs) participated in the survey from December 2014 to March 2015. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a community-based Outpatient Treatment Center and at an urban-located Health Centre in Spain. A binary judgment of capacity/incapacity was made guided by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) and a clinical interview. Demographics and clinical characteristics were assessed by cases notes and the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Global Assessment Functional Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. RESULTS: NPCs performed the best on the MacCAT-CR, and @entity1 with @entity734 had the worst performance, particularly on the Understanding and Appreciation subscales. 32.7  % @entity734 @entity1 lacked research-related decisional capacity. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of capacity to consent to research. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study provide evidence that a large proportion of individuals with @entity734 had decisional capacity for consent to research. It is therefore inappropriate to draw conclusions about capacity to make research decisions on the basis of a @entity734 diagnosis. In the absence of advanced @entity73 , acute withdrawal or intoxication, we should assume that addicted @entity1 possess decision-making capacity. Thus, the view that @entity1 with @entity734 would ipso facto lose decision-making power for research consent is flawed and stigmatizing.

title: "Decision-making capacity for research participation among addicted XXXX : a cross-sectional study".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Substance Use Disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CHA2DS2-VASc score has been validated in risk prediction for @entity64 and @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Association of CHA2DS2-VASc score with higher risk of @entity1211 and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) has also been shown. In this study, we investigated the long-term prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in @entity1 with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity1151 presenting to our emergency department were retrospectively recruited. @entity1 with @entity955 and who died secondary to causes other than @entity1151 were excluded from the study. The CHA2DS2-VASc score and @entity1151 severity index (PESI) were calculated. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy seven @entity1 were included in the study. The mortality rate was 18.7%. Twenty-two cases died within 30 days, and 30 cases died during the follow-up period (median: 13 months). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in dead @entity1 compared to survivors (3.61    1.35 vs 1.95    1.52, P < .01). In multivariate regression analysis, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.06, P = .02), PESI score (HR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.004-1.017, P < .01), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.16, P < .01) were found to be independently correlated with mortality. The @entity1 whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was between 1 and 3 had 5.67 times and @entity1 whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was >= 4 had 16.8 times higher risk of mortality compared to @entity1 with CHA2DS2-VASc score = 0. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores had higher rates of mortality after @entity1151 .

title: Higher CHA2DS2-VASc Score Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['APE', 'PE', 'pulmonary embolism', 'acute pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity2701 on the genioglossus muscle in the performance of genioglossus advancement on @entity25 @entity1353 in @entity1 undergoing @entity27 ( @entity27 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects underwent genioglossus advancement with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for @entity27 . Subjects underwent pre- and postoperative polysomnography, cephalometry, and subjective assessment questionnaires. Eighteen subjects completed the study. The @entity2701 force of the mandible and the bicortical width of the genial tubercle were measured and surgical response determined. RESULTS: Improvement in @entity27 index (AHI) was seen in 15 of 18 subjects (83.3%). Eleven subjects were classified as responders and 7 as nonresponders (61.1% success), with responders exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in mean delta AHI as compared with nonresponders: 28.3    26.2 versus 2.0    22.0 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 1.8-50.8; P = .037). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale improved from 13.2    4.5 to 7.6    3.4 (P = .002). There was no significant difference in body mass index, neck circumference, overall @entity2701 , or mandibular width between responders and nonresponders. However, there was a significant difference in the @entity2701 :width ratio between responders (53.9    6.38 g/mm) and nonresponders (65.4    11.2 g/mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-22.1; P = .036). CONCLUSION: This article describes a novel approach to determine the force applied to the genioglossus during advancement and its correlation to postoperative outcomes. The @entity2701 :width ratio may be an indicator for postoperative success and delta AHI improvement in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Predicting Surgical Response Using Tensiometry in XXXX @entity1 after Genioglossus Advancement with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'multilevel obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['OSA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity2701 on the genioglossus muscle in the performance of genioglossus advancement on @entity25 @entity1353 in @entity1 undergoing @entity27 ( @entity27 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects underwent genioglossus advancement with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for @entity27 . Subjects underwent pre- and postoperative polysomnography, cephalometry, and subjective assessment questionnaires. Eighteen subjects completed the study. The @entity2701 force of the mandible and the bicortical width of the genial tubercle were measured and surgical response determined. RESULTS: Improvement in @entity27 index (AHI) was seen in 15 of 18 subjects (83.3%). Eleven subjects were classified as responders and 7 as nonresponders (61.1% success), with responders exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in mean delta AHI as compared with nonresponders: 28.3    26.2 versus 2.0    22.0 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 1.8-50.8; P = .037). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale improved from 13.2    4.5 to 7.6    3.4 (P = .002). There was no significant difference in body mass index, neck circumference, overall @entity2701 , or mandibular width between responders and nonresponders. However, there was a significant difference in the @entity2701 :width ratio between responders (53.9    6.38 g/mm) and nonresponders (65.4    11.2 g/mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-22.1; P = .036). CONCLUSION: This article describes a novel approach to determine the force applied to the genioglossus during advancement and its correlation to postoperative outcomes. The @entity2701 :width ratio may be an indicator for postoperative success and delta AHI improvement in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Predicting Surgical Response Using Tensiometry in @entity27 XXXX after Genioglossus Advancement with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8277 substrate (IRS) Type 1 is a main substrate for the @entity8277 , controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the vascular, so it is an important candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 (DASH) and Usual Dietary Advices (UDA) on @entity10175 gene expression in @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to a UDA diet or the DASH diet. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, @entity165 , refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/day @entity1372 . The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Gene expression was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction at the first of study and after 12 weeks. Independent sample t-test and paired-samples t-test were used to compare means of all variables within and between two groups respectively. RESULTS: @entity10175 gene expression was increased in DASH group compared with UDA diet (P = 0.00). Weight and waist circumference decreased in DASH group significantly compared to the UDA group (P < 0.05) but the results between the two groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: DASH diet increased @entity10175 gene expression and probably has beneficial effects on IR risks.

title: Dietary approaches to stop @entity101 influence on XXXX substrate-1gene expression: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin receptor', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8277 substrate (IRS) Type 1 is a main substrate for the @entity8277 , controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the vascular, so it is an important candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 (DASH) and Usual Dietary Advices (UDA) on @entity10175 gene expression in @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to a UDA diet or the DASH diet. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, @entity165 , refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/day @entity1372 . The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Gene expression was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction at the first of study and after 12 weeks. Independent sample t-test and paired-samples t-test were used to compare means of all variables within and between two groups respectively. RESULTS: @entity10175 gene expression was increased in DASH group compared with UDA diet (P = 0.00). Weight and waist circumference decreased in DASH group significantly compared to the UDA group (P < 0.05) but the results between the two groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: DASH diet increased @entity10175 gene expression and probably has beneficial effects on IR risks.

title: Dietary approaches to stop XXXX influence on @entity8277 substrate-1gene expression: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity2348 after double-J stent use and the risk factors for @entity793 linked to the stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 (61 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 , mean age 47.5    14.16) were examined. The stents were removed under aseptic conditions, and a urine culture was obtained before the removal of the stents. After the stents were removed, the upper, central and lower sections were separated, and washing water was sent through the stent. RESULTS: Bacterial colonisation was found in 29.4% (30 of 102) of the stents. The most frequently observed microorganisms were determined as staphylococcus, coagulase negative (8 of 30) and @entity526 (5 of 30). The washing fluid used to clean the interior of the catheter produced pathogens in 8 @entity1 (7.8%), and these pathogens were observed to be the same microorganisms that colonised the outside of the stent. There was no statistical difference between the @entity1 with colonisation and those without in terms of age, gender, duration of stenting and reason for stent insertion. CONCLUSIONS: Though stent colonisation does not always entail symptomatic @entity293 , as shown in our study, the pathogens in the urine culture are the same as those colonising the stent, confirming the reality that colonisation is the main factor in these events. Additionally, according to our study, significant colonisation may be found in the first 3 weeks, contrary to the literature, causing us to consider that @entity293 may develop even in the early period.

title: Incidence of XXXX after indwelling of double-J ureteral stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial colonisation']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial colonisation']


abstract: @entity320 is usually black in color because of the existence of melanin pigments in it. Differing from such a @entity320 , @entity5701 , which has no melanin pigments and is not black-colored, is rarely described in literature. In this report, a case of @entity5701 of unknown origin is presented and discussed. This represents the seventh case report of an @entity5701 . On May 28, 1984, a 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our department because of repeated left hemiconvulsion. Neurological and physical examination disclosed left @entity1269 , poor concentration and right inguinal @entity5 . CT scan revealed a right posterior frontal mass with ring like enhancement. On June 7, the @entity1 underwent craniotomy. The @entity1313 , partly emerged from right frontal lobe, was reddish and easy to bleed. Macroscopically there were no abnormal findings over leptomeniges. The right inguial @entity5 , that were lymph nodes, were also removed simultaneously. Microscopic interpretation at that time was that of a @entity5 of ectodermal origin. Although no melanin pigments were demonstrated in any specimens except for a part of lymph nodes, dopa reaction was positive in both specimens from the @entity1313 and the inguial lymph nodes, strongly suggesting @entity5701 . Postoperative course was uneventful, but CT scan of Aug. 31 again showed multiple intracerebral enhanced lesion and @entity548 . @entity2026 , right @entity1269 and consciousness disturbance developed gradually, and he died on Sept. 21, 1984. Autopsy demonstrated multiple intracerebral @entity1410 , containing much @entity5 cells in lung, thyroid and subcutaneous tissue. @entity75 remained unknown in spite of an extensive examination in autopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial amelanotic melanoma', 'amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['usual melanoma', 'Malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['intracranial amelanotic melanoma']


abstract: The targeting accuracy during CT-guided stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of @entity96 was evaluated in a clinical study. @entity1 under general anaesthesia were immobilized using a vacuum cushion and respiratory motion control was based on temporary disconnections of the endotracheal tube. An optical-based navigation system was used for 3D trajectory planning and needle placement via a stereotactic aiming device. A control CT with the needles in place was fused with the planning CT for accuracy evaluation. Sub-analysis was performed for "location" (liver segments II-VIII), "approach" (intercostal or transabdominal), "properties" (clear parenchymal, subcapsular, subphrenic, fat, and subphrenic plus fat), and "path length". In 20 @entity1 with 35 @entity409 , a total of 145 needles were placed with mean (  SD) lateral errors of 3.6    2.5 mm at the needle tip, angular errors of 1.3      1.2  , and @entity2246 at the needle tip of -7.4    6.2 mm. No puncture-related complications were noted. No significant differences of angular errors between segments, approach and properties were recorded. Long paths correlated with @entity16028 . CT-guided stereotaxy can be considered safe and provided precise multiple needle placement for SRFA of @entity409 at arbitrary trajectories in various segments and locations.

title: Targeting accuracy of CT-guided stereotaxy for radiofrequency ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity16028 :: ('MESH:D065170', 'Disease') :: ['smaller angular errors']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal errors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumours']


abstract: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the major cause of @entity1489 in @entity1 . Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous @entity5 . We studied the photoprotective activity of @entity6248 and red grape seed ( @entity13788 , Burgund Mare variety [BM]) extracts in vivo in an SKH-1 hairless @entity19 skin model. Fifty 8-week-old female SKH-1 hairless @entity19 were randomly divided into 5 groups (n   =   10 each): controls, UVB-irradiated, @entity36020 plus UVB-irradiated, BM plus UVB-irradiated, and @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) plus UVB-irradiated. A dose of 4 mg/ @entity19 per cm   of skin area for both extracts was topically applied to the @entity19 30 minutes before a single-dose (240 mJ/cm  ) UVB exposure. @entity3090 dissolved in @entity1391 -buffered saline (pH 6.6; 0.067 M) was administered at 2 mg/ @entity19 per cm  . @entity2041 peroxidase and catalase activities, @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity1234 , @entity842 , and @entity185 activity were determined in skin homogenates 24 hours after irradiation. A single dose of UVB increased @entity2197 levels and @entity2041 peroxidase activity in the exposed skin. @entity36020 and BM pretreatment significantly decreased @entity2197 formation and @entity2041 peroxidase activity (P   <   .001) and inhibited UVB-induced lipid peroxidation (P   <   .0001) and @entity842 production ( @entity36020 : P   <   .06). Topical treatments with @entity36020 and particularly BM extracts (P   <   .002) significantly reduced @entity185 activity, indicating that the cells were protected against apoptosis. These results suggest that @entity36020 and BM extracts might be chemopreventive candidates for reducing UV-induced risk for @entity1489 .

title: Photoprotective effects of two natural products on ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SKH-1 XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['Vitis vinifera L']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6248 :: ('MESH:D016112', 'Disease') :: ['Calluna vulgaris']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity565 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity1109 in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity1 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity565 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity2023 - @entity2024 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity2023 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2023 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity484 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity565 /doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity484 /doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity2023 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity56 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity1109 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based @entity565 and XXXX among Ha Noi school @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['atopic symptoms']


abstract: @entity565 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity1109 in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity1 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity565 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity2023 - @entity2024 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity2023 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2023 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity484 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity565 /doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity484 /doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity2023 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity56 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity1109 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based XXXX and @entity1109 among Ha Noi school @entity1 .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity565 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity1109 in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity1 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity565 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity2023 - @entity2024 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity2023 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2023 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity484 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity565 /doctor-diagnosed @entity565 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity484 /doctor-diagnosed @entity484 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity2023 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity56 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity1 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity1109 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based @entity565 and @entity1109 among Ha Noi school XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity8729 is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules which are important in the transient attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells and platelets. A number of polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity8729 have been identified. Objectives were to investigate the relationship of soluble @entity10133 )-selectin with @entity8729 gene polymorphisms and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Two hundred and forty-nine @entity1 , with extent of @entity453 characterized by >or=50% @entity850 in one or more coronary arteries, and 252 healthy controls were studied. Soluble @entity8729 was significantly higher in the @entity1 than controls after adjustment for age, sex and smoking [ @entity1 49.8 (47.5-52.1) ng mL-1; controls 46.7 (44.5-49.1) ng mL-1, P = 0.03). There was no association of sP-selectin with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or presence of >or=50% @entity850 . The @entity72803 , @entity72804 and @entity72805 (but not the @entity72806 ) polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The @entity72806 polymorphism was significantly associated with sP-selectin even after adjustment for covariates [TT 48.9 (46.9-50.0) ng mL-1; TP + PP 40.7 (38.1-43.6) ng mL-1, P < 0.0001]. A significant interaction of @entity72806 and smoking status was identified in the determination of sP-selectin levels. There was no significant association of genotype at any of the polymorphism in relation to @entity583 or @entity850 . The @entity72806 polymorphisms is associated with plasma sP-selectin. This association is modulated by smoking, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

title: Soluble XXXX levels, @entity8729 polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity72806 :: ('p|SUB|T|715|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr715Pro']

answer: @entity8729 :: (6403,Gene) :: ['P-selectin']


abstract: @entity8729 is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules which are important in the transient attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells and platelets. A number of polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity8729 have been identified. Objectives were to investigate the relationship of soluble @entity10133 )-selectin with @entity8729 gene polymorphisms and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Two hundred and forty-nine @entity1 , with extent of @entity453 characterized by >or=50% @entity850 in one or more coronary arteries, and 252 healthy controls were studied. Soluble @entity8729 was significantly higher in the @entity1 than controls after adjustment for age, sex and smoking [ @entity1 49.8 (47.5-52.1) ng mL-1; controls 46.7 (44.5-49.1) ng mL-1, P = 0.03). There was no association of sP-selectin with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or presence of >or=50% @entity850 . The @entity72803 , @entity72804 and @entity72805 (but not the @entity72806 ) polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The @entity72806 polymorphism was significantly associated with sP-selectin even after adjustment for covariates [TT 48.9 (46.9-50.0) ng mL-1; TP + PP 40.7 (38.1-43.6) ng mL-1, P < 0.0001]. A significant interaction of @entity72806 and smoking status was identified in the determination of sP-selectin levels. There was no significant association of genotype at any of the polymorphism in relation to @entity583 or @entity850 . The @entity72806 polymorphisms is associated with plasma sP-selectin. This association is modulated by smoking, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

title: Soluble @entity8729 levels, XXXX polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity8729 :: (6403,Gene) :: ['P-selectin']


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence and factors responsible for @entity834 and stricture following anterior resection (AR) and its subsequent management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from 108 @entity1 with @entity189 who underwent AR or low anterior resection (LAR) to identify the various preoperative, operative, and post operative factors that might have influence on @entity834 and strictures. RESULTS: There were 68 males and 40 females with an average of 47 years (range 21-75 years). The median distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge was 8 cm (range 3-15 cm). Sixty (55.6%) @entity1 underwent handsewn @entity254 and 48 (44.4%) were stapled. The median operating time was 3.5 h (range 2.0-7.5 h). Sixteen (14.6%) @entity1 had an @entity834 . Among these, 11 @entity1 required re-exploration and five were managed expectantly. The @entity834 rate was similar in @entity1 with and without diverting stoma (8/60, 13.4% with stoma and 8/48; 16.7% without stoma). In 15 (13.9%) @entity1 , resection margins were positive for @entity5 . Nineteen (17.6%) @entity1 developed anastomotic strictures at a median duration of 8 mo (range 3-20 mo). Among these, 15 @entity1 were successfully managed with per-anal dilatation. On multivariate analysis, advance age (> 60 years) was the only risk factor for @entity834 (P = 0.004). On the other hand, @entity834 (P = 0.00), mucin positive @entity5 (P = 0.021), and lower rectal growth (P = 0.011) were found as risk factors for the development of an anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Advance age is a risk factor for an @entity834 . An @entity834 , a mucin-secreting @entity5 , and lower rectal growth predispose @entity1 to develop anastomotic strictures.

title: Anterior resection for @entity189 - risk factors for XXXX and strictures.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leaks']


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence and factors responsible for @entity834 and stricture following anterior resection (AR) and its subsequent management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from 108 @entity1 with @entity189 who underwent AR or low anterior resection (LAR) to identify the various preoperative, operative, and post operative factors that might have influence on @entity834 and strictures. RESULTS: There were 68 males and 40 females with an average of 47 years (range 21-75 years). The median distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge was 8 cm (range 3-15 cm). Sixty (55.6%) @entity1 underwent handsewn @entity254 and 48 (44.4%) were stapled. The median operating time was 3.5 h (range 2.0-7.5 h). Sixteen (14.6%) @entity1 had an @entity834 . Among these, 11 @entity1 required re-exploration and five were managed expectantly. The @entity834 rate was similar in @entity1 with and without diverting stoma (8/60, 13.4% with stoma and 8/48; 16.7% without stoma). In 15 (13.9%) @entity1 , resection margins were positive for @entity5 . Nineteen (17.6%) @entity1 developed anastomotic strictures at a median duration of 8 mo (range 3-20 mo). Among these, 15 @entity1 were successfully managed with per-anal dilatation. On multivariate analysis, advance age (> 60 years) was the only risk factor for @entity834 (P = 0.004). On the other hand, @entity834 (P = 0.00), mucin positive @entity5 (P = 0.021), and lower rectal growth (P = 0.011) were found as risk factors for the development of an anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Advance age is a risk factor for an @entity834 . An @entity834 , a mucin-secreting @entity5 , and lower rectal growth predispose @entity1 to develop anastomotic strictures.

title: Anterior resection for XXXX - risk factors for @entity834 and strictures.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that drug-drug interactions may lead to @entity137 and therapeutic failure, little is known about the incidence and consequences of herb-drug interactions in @entity1 receiving Kampo medicines. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of the combined use of Kampo medicines and Western drugs at Osaka University Hospital, and investigated the effects of these formulae on the metabolic activity of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms using pooled microsomes obtained from @entity1 liver. RESULTS: Twenty-two Kampo formulae were used together with 40 Western drugs catalyzed by the CYP isoforms @entity5322 , @entity5060 , @entity5320 and @entity4914 . Among the Kampo medicines, HOCHUEKKI-TO, SHOSAIKO-TO, NINJINYOUEI-TO, SAIREI-TO and KAKKON-TO were most frequently used during the study period (1996-2000). These were co-administered with 11 categories of drugs, which are substrates for @entity5322 . HOCHUEKKI-TO and SAIREI-TO were competitive inhibitors of @entity5322 with Ki values of 0.65 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. HOCHUEKKI-TO, SHOSAIKO-TO and @entity58226 inhibited the metabolic activities of @entity5060 , but had no effect on @entity5320 . HOCHUEKKI-TO and SAIREI-TO exhibited non-competitive inhibition of the metabolic activity of @entity5060 with a similar Ki value (0.7-0.8 mg/mL). SAIRE-TO (0.25 mg/mL) was a potent inhibitor of @entity4914 (inhibition > 68%). CONCLUSIONS: Frequently used Kampo medicines may interact with Western drugs, which are substrates for @entity5322 , @entity5060 and @entity4914 . Their co-administration should be undertaken with care.

title: In vitro inhibitory effects of Kampo medicines on metabolic reactions catalyzed by XXXX liver microsomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The standard low-dose-rate (LDR) delivery system utilized in the definitive management of @entity1 with cervical @entity189 involves an intrauterine tandem and a pair of vaginal colpostats (ovoids). This well-known application system may deliver inadequate dosage if the @entity5 extends to the lower vaginal mucosa. During the gauze packing of the ovoids, either operator error or narrowing of the vaginal apex can result in mal-alignment of the colpostats and subsequent inadequate dosing to the ecto-cervix. A novel vaginal cylinder has been designed to address these concerns. Beginning January 1, 2001, @entity1 with @entity5 , endometrium, or vagina requiring LDR brachytherapy have been enrolled into an institutionally sanctioned clinical trial. As of May 31, 2001, a total of 11 @entity1 have been entered but only 10 were successfully implanted with the test device. @entity1 follow-up has ranged from 0.81 years to 1.2 years (median: 0.96 years). Using our study applicator, all @entity1 received within 10% of the preimplant prescribed dose to @entity5 . Also, no one had cumulative dosage that exceeded 10% of the maximum allowed dose to the critical normal tissues. Thus far, all study @entity1 have had no clinical evidence of persistence/recurrence of disease or complications from treatment. The preliminary results presented herein clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this novel LDR vaginal cylinder in the treatment of a variety of clinical situations involving @entity5 . Our institutional trial is continuing.

title: A novel applicator for low-dose-rate brachytherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gynecological cancers', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecological cancers']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity1368 were treated surgically between February and September 1984. All @entity1 had suffered from @entity101 with U waves in ECG and laboratory examinations revealed @entity1371 , hyperaldosteronemia and suppressed plasma @entity916 activity. The localization of the @entity5 was diagnosed accurately in all 3 @entity1 by adrenal vein sampling and in 2 of the @entity1 by PRP, CT scan, adrenal scanning with 131I-iodo @entity165 and adrenal venography. @entity5 were surgically removed by unilateral adrenalectomy through the flank approach in all cases. Histological examinations of removed specimens showed @entity822 . Removal of the @entity652 caused a prompt reversal of the laboratory serum abnormalities and @entity101 was normalized within 2 weeks postoperatively in all cases. Severe @entity1165 ( @entity1166 ) was observed suddenly in one of the @entity1 after about 5 hours postoperatively. Therapy including conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, such as @entity3303 or @entity1818 , and @entity972 administration failed to prevent the @entity943 . @entity1165 was successfully treated and disappeared with the use of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) intravenously. The serum @entity972 concentration was normal during the episode and the serum @entity1760 concentration, which was not detected before or just after the operation, was under the limit of normal range (1.4 mEq/l) after the use of @entity2399 . @entity1272 which is retrospectively thought to be the result of @entity1368 may be responsible for the episode of postoperative @entity1165 .

title: [Three cases of XXXX including one case with postoperative @entity1165 ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['Torsades de Pointes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumor', 'Adrenal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity1368 were treated surgically between February and September 1984. All @entity1 had suffered from @entity101 with U waves in ECG and laboratory examinations revealed @entity1371 , hyperaldosteronemia and suppressed plasma @entity916 activity. The localization of the @entity5 was diagnosed accurately in all 3 @entity1 by adrenal vein sampling and in 2 of the @entity1 by PRP, CT scan, adrenal scanning with 131I-iodo @entity165 and adrenal venography. @entity5 were surgically removed by unilateral adrenalectomy through the flank approach in all cases. Histological examinations of removed specimens showed @entity822 . Removal of the @entity652 caused a prompt reversal of the laboratory serum abnormalities and @entity101 was normalized within 2 weeks postoperatively in all cases. Severe @entity1165 ( @entity1166 ) was observed suddenly in one of the @entity1 after about 5 hours postoperatively. Therapy including conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, such as @entity3303 or @entity1818 , and @entity972 administration failed to prevent the @entity943 . @entity1165 was successfully treated and disappeared with the use of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) intravenously. The serum @entity972 concentration was normal during the episode and the serum @entity1760 concentration, which was not detected before or just after the operation, was under the limit of normal range (1.4 mEq/l) after the use of @entity2399 . @entity1272 which is retrospectively thought to be the result of @entity1368 may be responsible for the episode of postoperative @entity1165 .

title: [Three cases of @entity1368 including one case with postoperative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: Seven cDNA clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (MSPs) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of @entity7980 @entity7980 L. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees C, 7 degrees C and 10 degrees C. MyoD transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somites. MyoD expression was not observed in the adaxial cells that give rise to the slow muscle layer, and expression was undetectable by in situ hybridization in the lateral somitic mesoderm after the 35-somite stage, during development of the final approximately 15 somites. RT-PCR analysis, however, confirmed the presence of low levels of the transcript during these later stages. A phylogenetic comparison of the deduced aminoacid sequences of the full-length MyoD cDNA clone and those from other teleosts, and inference from the in situ expression pattern suggested homology with a second paralogue (MyoD2) recently isolated from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Following MyoD expression, alpha-actin was the first structural gene to be switched on at the 16-somite stage, followed by myosin heavy chain, troponin T, troponin I and muscle @entity908 kinase. The final mRNA in the series to be expressed was @entity72807 . All genes were switched on prior to myofibril assembly. The @entity72807 sequence was unusual in that it showed the greatest sequence identity with the @entity5660 @entity5660 cardiac/slow form, but was expressed in the fast @entity121 and not in the heart. In addition, the third TnC calcium binding site showed a lower level of sequence conservation than the rest of the sequence. No differences were seen in the timing of appearance or rate of posterior progression (relative to somite stage) of any MSP transcripts between embryos raised at the different temperatures. It was concluded that myofibrillar genes are activated asynchronously in a distinct temporal order prior to myofibrillar assembly and that this process was highly canalized over the temperature range studied.

title: Temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the XXXX @entity7980 L.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Gadus morhua', 'Atlantic cod']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myotomal muscle']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Atlantic cod']


abstract: Seven cDNA clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (MSPs) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of @entity7980 @entity7980 L. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees C, 7 degrees C and 10 degrees C. MyoD transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somites. MyoD expression was not observed in the adaxial cells that give rise to the slow muscle layer, and expression was undetectable by in situ hybridization in the lateral somitic mesoderm after the 35-somite stage, during development of the final approximately 15 somites. RT-PCR analysis, however, confirmed the presence of low levels of the transcript during these later stages. A phylogenetic comparison of the deduced aminoacid sequences of the full-length MyoD cDNA clone and those from other teleosts, and inference from the in situ expression pattern suggested homology with a second paralogue (MyoD2) recently isolated from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Following MyoD expression, alpha-actin was the first structural gene to be switched on at the 16-somite stage, followed by myosin heavy chain, troponin T, troponin I and muscle @entity908 kinase. The final mRNA in the series to be expressed was @entity72807 . All genes were switched on prior to myofibril assembly. The @entity72807 sequence was unusual in that it showed the greatest sequence identity with the @entity5660 @entity5660 cardiac/slow form, but was expressed in the fast @entity121 and not in the heart. In addition, the third TnC calcium binding site showed a lower level of sequence conservation than the rest of the sequence. No differences were seen in the timing of appearance or rate of posterior progression (relative to somite stage) of any MSP transcripts between embryos raised at the different temperatures. It was concluded that myofibrillar genes are activated asynchronously in a distinct temporal order prior to myofibrillar assembly and that this process was highly canalized over the temperature range studied.

title: Temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the @entity7980 XXXX L.

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with @entity102 with regard to advance directives and life-sustaining treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING: Medical unit of a regional teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity1 : In- @entity1 aged 60 years or above with @entity102 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic profiles and attitudes towards advance directives and life-sustaining treatment. RESULTS: A total of 219 elderly @entity1 completed the questionnaire. Their mean age was 73 (standard deviation, 8) years; 133 (61%) were female. The majority had neither heard about advance directives (81%), nor discussed the issue with others (73%) before participating in this study. After they were informed of the concept of advance directives, about half (49%) said they would consider using it if it is legislated in Hong Kong. The respondents generally supported the withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining treatment in medically futile situations. In all, 55% of them believed that the @entity1 alone should make the decision on withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, if competent to do so. If the @entity1 became not competent, 44% believed that the individual's family alone should make such a decision. CONCLUSION: The fact that most of the respondents had never heard about advance directives or discussed the concept with others points to a lack of knowledge and to the necessity to step up public education about such issues.

title: Advance directives and life-sustaining treatment: attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: Amyloid-b (Ab) plaques occur in @entity527 within the neocortex and hippocampus in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Despite this observation, the effect of Ab deposition upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity3986 formation remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Ab deposition within the neocortex and hippocampus upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity3986 formation. Neocortical and hippocampal tissue harvested from 3- and 12-month-old amyloid-b protein precursor ( @entity15370 )swe/ @entity20933 /\E9 transgenic (Tg) @entity19 were dual-immunolabeled with antibodies against either @entity1877 acetyltransferace and Ab (10D5) or @entity17234 ( @entity19447 ) and Ab. Stereology was used to quantify @entity527 . Plaque number was assessed using the optical fractionator; plaque area was calculated with the Cavalieri estimator, and @entity3986 and thickness were manually measured. Neither amyloid nor dystrophic neuritic profiles were seen in the brains of 3-month-old Tg @entity19 . In contrast, quantitative analysis revealed significantly more plaques in neocortex than hippocampus, with no difference in regional plaque size in 12-month-old Tg @entity19 . Significantly more @entity527 occurred in the neocortex and hippocampus. Additionally, cholinergic @entity3986 were @entity3986 in both regions. These data suggest that @entity527 has a greater impact upon cholinergic than galaninergic @entity3986 formation in the neocortex and hippocampus in AbPPswe/ @entity20933 /\E9 Tg @entity19 . These data are also compatible with the hypothesis that @entity17234 is neuroprotective and reduces @entity3986 formation in the face of @entity137 .

title: Effect of neocortical and hippocampal amyloid deposition upon galaninergic and cholinergic neurites in AbPPswe/ XXXX /\E9 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic than galaninergic dystrophic neurites-per-plaque', 'amyloid plaques and cholinergic or galaninergic dystrophic neurites', 'close apposition to thickened or swollen cholinergic and galaninergic neurites', 'amyloid plaque deposition']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurite numbers', 'dystrophic neurites', 'thicker than galaninergic dystrophic neurites', 'dystrophic neurite']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity20933 :: (19164(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PS1']


abstract: Amyloid-b (Ab) plaques occur in @entity527 within the neocortex and hippocampus in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Despite this observation, the effect of Ab deposition upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity3986 formation remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Ab deposition within the neocortex and hippocampus upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity3986 formation. Neocortical and hippocampal tissue harvested from 3- and 12-month-old amyloid-b protein precursor ( @entity15370 )swe/ @entity20933 /\E9 transgenic (Tg) @entity19 were dual-immunolabeled with antibodies against either @entity1877 acetyltransferace and Ab (10D5) or @entity17234 ( @entity19447 ) and Ab. Stereology was used to quantify @entity527 . Plaque number was assessed using the optical fractionator; plaque area was calculated with the Cavalieri estimator, and @entity3986 and thickness were manually measured. Neither amyloid nor dystrophic neuritic profiles were seen in the brains of 3-month-old Tg @entity19 . In contrast, quantitative analysis revealed significantly more plaques in neocortex than hippocampus, with no difference in regional plaque size in 12-month-old Tg @entity19 . Significantly more @entity527 occurred in the neocortex and hippocampus. Additionally, cholinergic @entity3986 were @entity3986 in both regions. These data suggest that @entity527 has a greater impact upon cholinergic than galaninergic @entity3986 formation in the neocortex and hippocampus in AbPPswe/ @entity20933 /\E9 Tg @entity19 . These data are also compatible with the hypothesis that @entity17234 is neuroprotective and reduces @entity3986 formation in the face of @entity137 .

title: Effect of neocortical and hippocampal amyloid deposition upon galaninergic and cholinergic neurites in AbPPswe/ @entity20933 /\E9 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of different products available for @entity4037 repairs (LVHR), which vary widely in their costs. There are few clinical studies commenting on cost efficacy of LVHR. The objective of this study is to investigate the cost, safety, and efficacy of using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity7502 (PP) mesh in LVHR. METHODS: Between the years 2002 and 2006, LVHR was performed in 141 consecutive @entity1 (84 male, 57 female) using intraperitoneal PP. Using a 3-trocar technique, PP mesh was underlayed by 3 to 5 cm beyond the edges of the @entity154 and fixed to the abdominal wall with 2 rows of @entity702 staples. Data concerning the demographics of @entity1 , mesh cost, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were collected. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (95%) were discharged on the day of surgery. Mean age was 58.7 years (range, 29 to 91 y). Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 34 to 124 min). Follow-up was achieved in 123 @entity1 (87%) with a mean of 40 months (range, 12 to 68 mo). The average mesh size was 256.9 cm (range, 116 to 903 cm). The cost of the PP mesh was US 0.14 per cm. The average mesh cost per @entity1 was  35.90. When compared with other meshes commonly used for LVHR, PP mesh was substantially cheaper with a cost saving of  436 per @entity1 with proceed,  770 per @entity1 with composix, and  931 per @entity1 with @entity736 . The postoperative complications included: Wound infection n=4 (3.2%), transient @entity1744 which resolved in all cases without operative management n=3 (2.4%), port site hernia n=2 (1.6%), and seroma n=1 (0.7%). Overall recurrence rate was n=6 (4.8%). There were no conversions to an open procedure. CONCLUSIONS: LVHR with intraperitoneal PP results in outcomes comparable with earlier publications on LVHR but at reduced costs. These data suggest that the use of intraperitoneal PP in LVHR is safe and cost effective.

title: Cost and clinical outcomes of @entity4037 repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight XXXX mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defect']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['partial small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of different products available for @entity4037 repairs (LVHR), which vary widely in their costs. There are few clinical studies commenting on cost efficacy of LVHR. The objective of this study is to investigate the cost, safety, and efficacy of using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity7502 (PP) mesh in LVHR. METHODS: Between the years 2002 and 2006, LVHR was performed in 141 consecutive @entity1 (84 male, 57 female) using intraperitoneal PP. Using a 3-trocar technique, PP mesh was underlayed by 3 to 5 cm beyond the edges of the @entity154 and fixed to the abdominal wall with 2 rows of @entity702 staples. Data concerning the demographics of @entity1 , mesh cost, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were collected. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (95%) were discharged on the day of surgery. Mean age was 58.7 years (range, 29 to 91 y). Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 34 to 124 min). Follow-up was achieved in 123 @entity1 (87%) with a mean of 40 months (range, 12 to 68 mo). The average mesh size was 256.9 cm (range, 116 to 903 cm). The cost of the PP mesh was US 0.14 per cm. The average mesh cost per @entity1 was  35.90. When compared with other meshes commonly used for LVHR, PP mesh was substantially cheaper with a cost saving of  436 per @entity1 with proceed,  770 per @entity1 with composix, and  931 per @entity1 with @entity736 . The postoperative complications included: Wound infection n=4 (3.2%), transient @entity1744 which resolved in all cases without operative management n=3 (2.4%), port site hernia n=2 (1.6%), and seroma n=1 (0.7%). Overall recurrence rate was n=6 (4.8%). There were no conversions to an open procedure. CONCLUSIONS: LVHR with intraperitoneal PP results in outcomes comparable with earlier publications on LVHR but at reduced costs. These data suggest that the use of intraperitoneal PP in LVHR is safe and cost effective.

title: Cost and clinical outcomes of XXXX repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity7502 mesh.

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']


abstract: To study the accuracy with which long-term prognosis can be predicted in @entity1 with @entity453 , prognostic predictions from a data-based multivariable statistical model were compared with predictions from senior clinical cardiologists. Test samples of 100 @entity1 each were selected from a large series of medically treated @entity1 with significant @entity301 . Using detailed case summaries, five senior cardiologists each predicted one- and three-year survival and infarct-free survival probabilities for 100 @entity1 . Fifty @entity1 appeared in multiple samples for assessing interphysician variability. @entity797 regression models, developed using @entity1 not in the test samples, predicted corresponding outcome probabilities for each test @entity1 . Overall, model predictions correlated better with actual @entity1 outcomes than did the doctors' predictions. For three-year survival, rank correlations were 0.61 (model) and 0.49 (doctors). For three-year infarct-free survival predictions, correlations with outcome were 0.48 (model) and 0.29 (doctors). Comparisons by individual doctor revealed @entity797 model three-year survival predictions were better than those of four of five doctors (model predictions added significant [p less than 0.05] prognostic information to the doctor's predictions, whereas the converse was not true). For infarct-free survival, the @entity797 model was superior to all five doctors. Where predictions were made by multiple doctors, the interphysician variability was substantial. In @entity453 , statistical models developed from carefully collected data can provide prognostic predictions that are more accurate than predictions of experienced clinicians made from detailed case summaries.

title: Predicting outcome in XXXX . Statistical models versus expert clinicians.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pilot studies showed that alemtuzumab is active in @entity1071 . The authors conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in advanced or refractory @entity1071 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 were enrolled. The most common diagnoses were @entity1072 (n = 42 @entity1 ) and @entity6444 (n = 18 @entity1 ). Before entering the study, the @entity1 had received multiple therapies (median, three therapies) and the median time from diagnosis was 7 years. Alemtuzumab was given intravenously at doses of 3 mg, 10 mg, and 30 mg on 3 consecutive days, after which 30 mg was administered 3 times a week. @entity1 were treated for 4-12 weeks depending on disease response. All @entity1 received prophylactic @entity206 / @entity207 and @entity6933 . RESULTS: The overall response rate was 35%, the complete response (CR) rate was 13%, and the partial response (PR) rate was 22%. The median duration of response was 18 months for @entity1 achieving a CR and 7 months for @entity1 achieving a PR. The median duration of survival was 25 months for @entity1 who had a response and 12 months for the entire population. Normalization of the lymphocyte count was observed in 84% of @entity1 and resolution of bone marrow involvement was observed in 49% of @entity1 . The most common infusion-related adverse events were @entity221 , @entity5084 , @entity1910 , @entity390 , and @entity1353 . These were most common during the first week of therapy. @entity1503 was comprised of long-lasting @entity2905 and transient @entity1398 and @entity882 . Thirty-six @entity1 (46%) experienced at least one episode of @entity221 or @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Alemtuzumab has a high response rate in @entity1 with @entity1071 .

title: Phase II study of alemtuzumab in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders', 'chronic lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity41059 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity1 with stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 were treated with 125   mg @entity41059 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity137 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity1910 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity1910 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity1 with @entity470 mutations had better PFS than @entity1 with wild type @entity470 , while @entity1 with @entity470 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity470 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity41059 were @entity1910 (35.6%) and @entity294 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity41059 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity1 with @entity470 mutation.

title: Efficacy of @entity41059 treatment in @entity1 with stage IIIb/IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity41059 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity1 with stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 were treated with 125   mg @entity41059 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity137 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity1910 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity1910 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity1 with @entity470 mutations had better PFS than @entity1 with wild type @entity470 , while @entity1 with @entity470 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity470 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity41059 were @entity1910 (35.6%) and @entity294 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity41059 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity1 with @entity470 mutation.

title: Efficacy of XXXX treatment in @entity1 with stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 .

answer: @entity41059 :: (MESH:C531470,Chemical) :: ['Icotinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity41059 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity1 with stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 were treated with 125   mg @entity41059 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity137 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity5 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity1910 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity1910 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity1 with @entity470 mutations had better PFS than @entity1 with wild type @entity470 , while @entity1 with @entity470 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity470 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity41059 were @entity1910 (35.6%) and @entity294 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity41059 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity1 with @entity470 mutation.

title: Efficacy of @entity41059 treatment in XXXX with stage IIIb/IV @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the proliferative cell types in the nonciliated cell population of the upper airways and determine the capacity of each to act as progenitor cells. @entity35 (30 days old) were exposed to 20 ppm @entity6836 for 24 hours to stimulate cell division, given injected tritiated @entity1014 (3H-TdR), sacrificed 1 hour and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days later, and prepared for light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography. One hour after injection of 3H-TdR, the mean @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was 1.6% in control animals and 5.2% in exposed animals. Mean grain counts per cell decreased from 15.6 at 1 hour after 3H-TdR to 6.9 on the third day, indicating that the labeled cell population had divided. Labeled cells in the control and exposed cell populations were identified with electron microscopy. At 1 hour after injection of 3H-TdR, basal cells and nonciliated columnar cells were labeled. However, only nonciliated columnar cells were stimulated to divide by @entity6836 . The labeled nonciliated columnar cell population was made up of serous, "intermediate" and goblet cells. Each of these cell types was stimulated to divide to the same degree. After cell division (1-7 days) labeled cells of all types were observed with labeled ciliated cells appearing on the third day. It was concluded that the basal cell is not a primary progenitor cell. The primary progenitor cell for epithelium in the upper airway is the total columnar secretory cell population (serous, "intermediate," and goblet cells).

title: Role of nonciliated cells in renewal of the bronchial epithelium of @entity35 exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity6836 :: (CHEBI:29785,Chemical) :: ['NO2']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the proliferative cell types in the nonciliated cell population of the upper airways and determine the capacity of each to act as progenitor cells. @entity35 (30 days old) were exposed to 20 ppm @entity6836 for 24 hours to stimulate cell division, given injected tritiated @entity1014 (3H-TdR), sacrificed 1 hour and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days later, and prepared for light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography. One hour after injection of 3H-TdR, the mean @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was 1.6% in control animals and 5.2% in exposed animals. Mean grain counts per cell decreased from 15.6 at 1 hour after 3H-TdR to 6.9 on the third day, indicating that the labeled cell population had divided. Labeled cells in the control and exposed cell populations were identified with electron microscopy. At 1 hour after injection of 3H-TdR, basal cells and nonciliated columnar cells were labeled. However, only nonciliated columnar cells were stimulated to divide by @entity6836 . The labeled nonciliated columnar cell population was made up of serous, "intermediate" and goblet cells. Each of these cell types was stimulated to divide to the same degree. After cell division (1-7 days) labeled cells of all types were observed with labeled ciliated cells appearing on the third day. It was concluded that the basal cell is not a primary progenitor cell. The primary progenitor cell for epithelium in the upper airway is the total columnar secretory cell population (serous, "intermediate," and goblet cells).

title: Role of nonciliated cells in renewal of the bronchial epithelium of XXXX exposed to @entity6836 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important health problem that gradually leads to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In @entity454 @entity1 , @entity204 due to other diseases or some events, such as renal transplantation (known as competing risks), would change the probability of observing the event of interest. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival of @entity454 @entity1 using competing risk analyses. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal study, 307 @entity454 @entity1 who were older than 20 were recruited from the dialysis and kidney transplant Centers in Kerman City, Iran, from2007 to 2011. To assess the impacts of the investigated factors on the outcome, a cause-specific hazard model and competing risk models were fitted. Also, the cumulative incidence (CI) approach and sensitivity analysis were implemented. All of the analyses were performed using Stata software, V.12. RESULTS: The results of competing risk models showed that age and type of dialysis were associated with @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR)=1.03, p<0.001 and HR=1.65, p=0.011, respectively). In cause specific hazard model each year increase in age was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of @entity204 . Also, the types of dialysis were associated significantly with @entity204 (HR=1.93), and the effect of the type of dialysis was estimated as HR=1.51 (p=0.04) when we assumed that all @entity1 who had experienced transplantation survived for the longest survival time. For those for whom receiving the transplantation was considered as @entity204 , the HR for the type of dialysis as well as the corresponding p-values were 1.82 and 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ignoring the competing risks of @entity204 due to @entity454 , such as renal transplantation, in estimating the survival of these @entity1 might lead to overestimation of the results.

title: Competing Risk Analyses of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important health problem that gradually leads to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In @entity454 @entity1 , @entity204 due to other diseases or some events, such as renal transplantation (known as competing risks), would change the probability of observing the event of interest. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival of @entity454 @entity1 using competing risk analyses. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal study, 307 @entity454 @entity1 who were older than 20 were recruited from the dialysis and kidney transplant Centers in Kerman City, Iran, from2007 to 2011. To assess the impacts of the investigated factors on the outcome, a cause-specific hazard model and competing risk models were fitted. Also, the cumulative incidence (CI) approach and sensitivity analysis were implemented. All of the analyses were performed using Stata software, V.12. RESULTS: The results of competing risk models showed that age and type of dialysis were associated with @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR)=1.03, p<0.001 and HR=1.65, p=0.011, respectively). In cause specific hazard model each year increase in age was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of @entity204 . Also, the types of dialysis were associated significantly with @entity204 (HR=1.93), and the effect of the type of dialysis was estimated as HR=1.51 (p=0.04) when we assumed that all @entity1 who had experienced transplantation survived for the longest survival time. For those for whom receiving the transplantation was considered as @entity204 , the HR for the type of dialysis as well as the corresponding p-values were 1.82 and 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ignoring the competing risks of @entity204 due to @entity454 , such as renal transplantation, in estimating the survival of these @entity1 might lead to overestimation of the results.

title: Competing Risk Analyses of XXXX with @entity454 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14325 ( @entity14325 ) are uncommon benign lesions that may present insidiously with back @entity158 or acutely with @entity425 due to @entity5 bleeding/ @entity715 . Given their rarity, these lesions are often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of epidural masses. The purpose of this article is to report the case of an epidural SAL and to conduct a literature review on the topic. METHODS: A case report and review of the literature using the PubMed/Medline databases. All case reports and case series were reviewed up to June 2015. RESULTS: A 65-year old female presented with @entity613 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity2649 . Following decompressive surgery, she experienced symptom resolution, but three months postoperatively she presented to the emergency department with acute paraparesis. A thoracic MRI revealed a lesion located between T8 and T10 causing severe @entity1745 . Following emergent laminectomy and en bloc resection, the @entity1 regained function and the lesion was diagnosed as SAL. Our literature review revealed 178 reported cases, with a female and thoracic predominance. The majority of @entity1 underwent surgical treatment, achieving a gross total resection in most cases. Similarly, complete symptom resolution was the most common outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity14325 are uncommon @entity5 . However, they may be treated as any other space-occupying lesion, and surgical resection allows for complete symptom recovery in most @entity1 .

title: @entity14325 with XXXX : Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity14325 :: ('MESH:D018206', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal angiolipomas', 'SALs']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['coexisting lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14325 ( @entity14325 ) are uncommon benign lesions that may present insidiously with back @entity158 or acutely with @entity425 due to @entity5 bleeding/ @entity715 . Given their rarity, these lesions are often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of epidural masses. The purpose of this article is to report the case of an epidural SAL and to conduct a literature review on the topic. METHODS: A case report and review of the literature using the PubMed/Medline databases. All case reports and case series were reviewed up to June 2015. RESULTS: A 65-year old female presented with @entity613 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed @entity2649 . Following decompressive surgery, she experienced symptom resolution, but three months postoperatively she presented to the emergency department with acute paraparesis. A thoracic MRI revealed a lesion located between T8 and T10 causing severe @entity1745 . Following emergent laminectomy and en bloc resection, the @entity1 regained function and the lesion was diagnosed as SAL. Our literature review revealed 178 reported cases, with a female and thoracic predominance. The majority of @entity1 underwent surgical treatment, achieving a gross total resection in most cases. Similarly, complete symptom resolution was the most common outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity14325 are uncommon @entity5 . However, they may be treated as any other space-occupying lesion, and surgical resection allows for complete symptom recovery in most @entity1 .

title: XXXX with @entity2649 : Case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity14325 :: (MESH:D018206,Disease) :: ['Thoracic epidural spinal angiolipoma']


abstract: @entity2498 ( @entity2498 ) from a National Wildlife Reserve near Toledo in central Spain were surveyed for @entity281 . A total of 61 deer were examined. Tissue compression and histology were used to examine samples from diaphragm and heart from each animal included in the study, and results from the two techniques and the two tissues were compared to determine the tissue and technique that provide the most accurate measure of prevalence and intensity. Prevalence and intensity were then compared between @entity291 , yearlings and adults. Sarcocystis was detected in 59 (97%) of the 61 deer. Comparison between tissues showed that (a) prevalence based on histology was similar for heart and diaphragm, (b) prevalence based on compression was significantly higher for heart than for diaphragm and (c) intensity was significantly higher for heart than for diaphragm, regardless of the technique used. Comparison between techniques showed that (a) both techniques rendered similar prevalences and intensities of @entity281 with heart samples and (b) both techniques were not comparable with diaphragm samples (compression rendered lower prevalence but higher intensity than histology). Together these data suggest that heart is the preferable tissue for estimating prevalence and intensity, regardless of the technique used. A preliminary species identification of isolated cysts from three animals showed two morph types, corresponding to Sarcocystis cervicanis (syn. S.  cf. grueneri; S. wapiti) in the heart and diaphragm of three animals and S. hjorti, only in the diaphragm of two animals. Given the different location of those morph types, both heart and diaphragm should be sampled and preferably assessed using histology to most reliably detect infection. Based on histology of heart, prevalence and intensity of Sarcocystis were significantly lower in @entity291 than in yearlings or adults.

title: Sarcocystosis in XXXX : Comparison of diagnostic methods.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcocystis infection']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Red deer', 'Cervus elaphus']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['Cervus elaphus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged antibiotic use, and intrathecal injections are known risk factors for the development of @entity3 . Central nervous system (CNS) @entity2381 can manifest in many forms, including @entity5880 formation. The majority of the @entity5880 presents with @entity510 after @entity397 and are associated with high mortality. Only 3 cases of true @entity5880 have been reported following trans-sphenoidal surgery. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 38-year-old @entity1 was admitted with nonfunctioning @entity977 for which he underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery. Three weeks later, he presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 and @entity693 . He was treated with intrathecal and intravenous antibiotics, stress dose of glucocorticoids, and lumbar drain. The defect in the sphenoid bone was closed endoscopically. After 3 weeks of therapy, he suddenly became unresponsive, and computed tomography of the head showed @entity510 . He succumbed to illness on the next day, and a limited autopsy of the brain was performed. The autopsy revealed extensive @entity510 and @entity384 , @entity715 of the basilar artery (BA), multiple hemorrhagic @entity1188 in the midbrain, and pons. Histopathology of the BA revealed the loss of internal elastic lamina and septate hyphae with an acute angle branching on Grocott's @entity1332 silver stain, conforming to the morphology of Aspergillus. CONCLUSION: The possibility of intracranial @entity364 should be strongly considered in any @entity1 receiving intrathecal antibiotics who fails to improve in 1-2 weeks, and frequent CSF culture for fungi should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Since CSF culture has poor sensitivity in the diagnosis of @entity364 of CNS; empirical institution of antifungal therapy may be considered in this scenario.

title: True XXXX in a @entity1 with gonadotropinoma after trans-sphenoidal surgery.

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysms', 'mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

answer: @entity5880 :: (MESH:D000785,Disease) :: ['mycotic aneurysm']