abstract: Three experiments were done in Charles River @entity35 to assess the effects of various doses of @entity1968 given at different periods of pregnancy on the postnatal function of the offspring. In the first study doses of 5 mg/kg of body weight were given on days 8-10, 11-13, or 14-16. In the second study, doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg were given on days 11-13 or 14-16. In the third study, doses of 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg were given on days 14-16. Five mg/kg given on days 11-13 resulted in significant postnatal mortality, while the viability at all other doses and periods was not affected. The weights of the pups at birth and weaning were normal except in the first study when the pups from dams given 5 mg/kg on days 14-16 were smaller than controls at weaning. The pups from dams treated with 4, 5 or 6 mg/kg consistently showed a delayed response to negative geotropism and auditory startle was delayed in two of the studies at 6 mg/kg. @entity2915 in preweaning @entity35 tested in photo-cell cages was seen only in the first study, but open-field @entity2915 occurred in all three studies at doses of 4 mg/kg or above. The M-maze performance of the @entity35 from groups dosed with 4, 5 or 6 mg/kg on days 8-10 or 14-16 and the ones dosed with 2.5 mg/kg on days 11-13 was poorer than controls. No differences were seen in either photo-cell or open-field activity at 42 days, but in the final experiment, the @entity35 from the 6 mg/kg group were hyperactive at 100+ days in running wheels. The @entity35 in the 6 mg/kg group performed more poorly at active avoidance and were hypoactive after an @entity4944 challenge. These studies show that @entity1968 given prenatally induced functional deficits in the offspring at doses below the "no-effect" level for producing morphological defects and suggests that @entity1968 may be a good model compound for such studies.

title: The effects of prenatal XXXX on the viability and behavior of the offspring.

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity', 'Hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although pre-emptive @entity1337 is commonly used for the management of @entity282 in developed countries, no defined protocol has been carried out and widely practiced, especially in transabdominal hysterectomy. Keeping this in mind the present study aimed to investigate the effects of multimodal pre-emptive @entity1337 on @entity158 management, stress response and inflammatory factors of @entity1 undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy to find an optimized way of pre-emptive @entity1337 . METHODS: One hundred @entity1 undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly divided into four groups (Trial registration: ChiCTR-IPR-15005848). Group P1 was given intravenous @entity8726 and epidural @entity3575 + @entity3652 before surgery; Group P2 received intravenous @entity8726 before surgery and epidural @entity3575 + @entity3652 after surgery; Group P3 was given epidural @entity3575 + @entity3652 before surgery and intravenous @entity8726 after surgery; @entity1 in Group C received normal saline treatment. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the first time to request additional analgesics after surgery were significantly later (P < 0.05), 24 h dosage of @entity1337 were significantly less (P < 0.05), VAS score at all time periods after surgery were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group P1, P2, or P3. At 12 h or 24 h after surgery, VAS score in Group P1 was significantly lower than that in group @entity18907 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). No significant adverse effects were found among the groups (P > 0.05). At 1 or 2 days after surgery, the levels of @entity701 , @entity413 , and @entity650 , @entity310 in group P1, P2, and P3 were significantly lower than those in group C (P < 0.05); while, the levels in group P2, P3 were significantly lower than those in group P1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multimodal pre-emptive @entity1337 could significantly lower VAS score, inhibit stress response, and reduce inflammatory response in @entity1 undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy, which can be a rational strategy for @entity158 control in future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-IPR-15005848 on January 17, 2015.

title: Preoperative and postoperative analgesic techniques in the treatment of XXXX undergoing transabdominal hysterectomy: a preliminary randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A case of convexity @entity2477 associated with @entity1653 with parasellar extension is presented. A 61-year-old female who had complained of left @entity1736 and @entity892 was admitted to our hospital. On admission she showed left @entity2895 . Plain CT revealed an isodense mass in the sellar and parasellar region. Computed angiotomography demonstrated that this mass was enhanced heterogeneously and filled the sellar turcica and extended superiorly. And homogeneously enhanced mass in the convexity without mass effect was observed. Angiogram revealed no @entity5 stain in any phase. With these findings, this case was diagnosed as the @entity1653 preoperatively. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was carried out, and subtotal @entity5 and total @entity5 were performed. Pathologically the sellar and parasellar @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity1653 , @entity5 as @entity2477 derived from dura mater. Convexity @entity2477 derived from dura mater is very rare, only one case was reported previously. Only 2 cases of @entity2477 associated with @entity1653 have been reported in the literature. Correlation between @entity2477 and @entity1653 is discussed. It is possible to owe this complication to the @entity851 concerning with inner factor like genetic factor and so on, because both @entity5 are mesodermal origin. However it is proper to regard that this complication occurred by chance.

title: [A case of convexity @entity2477 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of sellar and parasellar tumor', 'removal of convexity tumor', 'convexity tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['sellar meningioma', 'meningioma', 'multiple meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: A case of convexity @entity2477 associated with @entity1653 with parasellar extension is presented. A 61-year-old female who had complained of left @entity1736 and @entity892 was admitted to our hospital. On admission she showed left @entity2895 . Plain CT revealed an isodense mass in the sellar and parasellar region. Computed angiotomography demonstrated that this mass was enhanced heterogeneously and filled the sellar turcica and extended superiorly. And homogeneously enhanced mass in the convexity without mass effect was observed. Angiogram revealed no @entity5 stain in any phase. With these findings, this case was diagnosed as the @entity1653 preoperatively. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was carried out, and subtotal @entity5 and total @entity5 were performed. Pathologically the sellar and parasellar @entity5 was diagnosed as @entity1653 , @entity5 as @entity2477 derived from dura mater. Convexity @entity2477 derived from dura mater is very rare, only one case was reported previously. Only 2 cases of @entity2477 associated with @entity1653 have been reported in the literature. Correlation between @entity2477 and @entity1653 is discussed. It is possible to owe this complication to the @entity851 concerning with inner factor like genetic factor and so on, because both @entity5 are mesodermal origin. However it is proper to regard that this complication occurred by chance.

title: [A case of convexity XXXX associated with @entity1653 ].

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Native populations of @entity12178 in Poland, from the southern Baltic region, became extinct in the 1980s. Attempts to restitute salmon populations in Poland have been based on a Latvian salmon population from the Daugava river. Releases of hatchery reared smolts started in 1986, but to date, only one population with confirmed natural reproduction has been observed in the @entity16695 . Our aim was to investigate the genetic differentiation of salmon populations in the southern Baltic using a 7K SNP (single @entity4334 polymorphism) array in order to assess the impact of salmon restitution in Poland. METHODS: One hundred and forty salmon samples were collected from: the Polish @entity16695 including wild salmon and individuals from two hatcheries, the Swedish Morrum river and the Lithuanian Neman river. All samples were genotyped using an @entity12178 7K SNP array. A set of 3218 diagnostic SNPs was used for genetic analyses. RESULTS: Genetic structure analyses indicated that the individuals from the investigated populations were clustered into three groups i.e. one clade that included individuals from both hatcheries and the wild population from the Polish @entity16695 , which was clearly separated from the other clades. An assignment test showed that there were no stray fish from the Morrum or Neman rivers in the sample analyzed from the @entity16695 . Global FST over polymorphic loci was high (0.177). A strong genetic differentiation was observed between the Lithuanian and Swedish populations (FST = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: Wild juvenile salmon specimens that were sampled from the @entity16695 were the progeny of fish released from hatcheries and, most likely, were not progeny of stray fish from Sweden or Lithuania. Strong genetic differences were observed between the salmon populations from the three studied locations. Our recommendation is that future stocking activities that aim at restituting salmon populations in Poland include stocking material from the Lithuanian Neman river because of its closer geographic proximity.

title: Restitution and genetic differentiation of salmon populations in the southern Baltic genotyped with the XXXX 7K SNP array.

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity16695 :: ('MESH:D015827', 'Disease') :: ['Slupia river']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Atlantic salmon']


abstract: Although @entity5578 is comparatively common, involvement of the sphenoidal sinus region is extremely rare. Lame reported that a total of twelve cases had been described in the European literature since 1800. Mikaelin, Kulczynski and Dolan, since then, described three cases. This paper deals with two surgical cases of @entity50 , reviewing literature on @entity5578 and differential diagnosis in the @entity75 . Case 1. A 20-year-old @entity1 was referred to us by an ophthalmologist, complaining of left visual disturbance (visual acuity: 0.02). He had a past history of chronic @entity1244 . Neurological examination revealed @entity1829 on the left. Plain skull X-ray film showed marked destruction of the sphenoidal sinus and tomography demonstrated thinning and expanding of the sella floor with cloudiness in the sphenoidal sinus. CT scan showed an irregular high density mass in the sphenoidal sinus. Sublabial-nasoseptal sphenoidotomy was performed. The sinus was occupied by homogeneous osseous tissue surrounded by thin fibrous tissue. The osseous part was removed as much as possible by a high speed air drill. Histopathologic examination confirmed mature @entity1181 . Postoperative course was uneventful and left visual acuity was improved up to 0.06. He is now doing well without recurrence for six months. Case 2. A 59-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital, complaining of @entity2012 for ten years. She had a past history of chronic @entity1244 , @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity6658 which was evacuated five months before. She had typical acromegalic features and serum levels of @entity2124 was 65.8 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX of the sphenoid sinus--report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoidal sinus lesion']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity6658 :: ('MESH:D020146', 'Disease') :: ['left putaminal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['osteoma of the paranasal sinus', 'paranasal sinus osteoma']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoidal sinus osteoma']

answer: @entity1181 :: (MESH:D010016,Disease) :: ['Osteoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advances in endovascular technology have led to the successful treatment of @entity1028 . However, there is currently no consensus on what constitutes a @entity439 . There is emerging evidence that the extent of the @entity439 is associated with outcome. We compare the outcomes of 150 consecutive @entity1 treated with a fenestrated or branched stent graft and present the data stratified according to the Society for Vascular Surgery classification based on proximal anatomic landing zones. METHODS: A prospectively collected database of consecutive @entity1 undergoing fenestrated or branched stent graft insertion in a tertiary center between 2008 and 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. @entity439 were subdivided into zones according to where the area of proximal seal could be achieved in relation to the visceral arteries. Zone 8 covers the renal arteries, zone 7 covers the superior mesenteric artery, and zone 6 covers the @entity1593 . @entity1 demographics, operative variables, mortality, and major morbidity were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis to assess for differences between zones. RESULTS: During the study period, 150 @entity1 were treated. There were 49 in zone 8, 76 in zone 7, and 25 in zone 6. Prior aortic surgery had been performed in 19 @entity1 , which included 11 @entity1 with previous @entity439 repairs. There was significantly increased @entity190 (P < .001), operative time (P < .0001), total hospital stay (P = .018), and intensive care unit stay (P < .0001) as the zones ascended the aorta. There were 14 inpatient @entity204 recorded across all zones with a 30-day mortality rate of 8%. Logistic regression analysis for 30 day mortality showed a significant increase as the zones ascended (P = .007). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 5-year survival significantly deteriorated as the zones ascended (P = .039), with no significant difference in the freedom from reintervention curves between zones (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the extent of the @entity439 as determined by the proximal sealing zone is associated with outcome. Mortality, operative duration, @entity190 , and hospital stay all significantly increased as the zones ascended. These data also validate the use of the proposed new classification based on aortic anatomy.

title: Results of complex aortic stent grafting of XXXX stratified according to the proximal landing zone using the Society for Vascular Surgery classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac axis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'juxtarenal, pararenal, or suprarenal aneurysm', 'aneurysm repair', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['complex abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: Orthodontic tooth movement occurs during the bone remodeling induced by therapeutic mechanical strain. It is important to investigate the relation between the strength of mechanical stress and bone formation activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-magnitude mechanical strain on bone formation in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal @entity35 calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48   h. To phenotypically investigate the effect of TF, we measured the number and the size of bone nodules stained by von Kossa technique on day 21 after cell seeding and determined the @entity460 content of bone nodules on day 14. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression of @entity2095 , @entity6037 and @entity21408 , which are important factors for bone nodule formation, on days 1, 4 and 7 after TF loading. RESULTS: The maximum bone nodule size in the control group was 1620 and 719    m in the TF group. Furthermore, the mean number of bone nodules sized over 360    m in the TF group was significantly decreased compared to the control group. The @entity460 content was also significantly decreased to 42% by TF loading. The mRNA expression of @entity2095 , @entity6037 and @entity21408 was decreased 1 and 4 days after TF loading. CONCLUSION: The differentiation of bone forming progenitor cells into bone nodule forming cells was inhibited by TF due to the decreased expression of bone formation related factors such as @entity2095 , @entity6037 and @entity21408 .

title: High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits the differentiation of bone-forming XXXX calvarial progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tandem occlusions involving both the @entity3538 (ICA) and an intracranial artery typically respond poorly to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). We retrospectively review our experience with proximal ICA stenting and stent-assisted thrombectomy of the distal artery. METHODS: The data included @entity1 that underwent carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy between 2012-2013. Radiographic, clinical, and procedural data were drawn from case notes, imaging records and discharge reports. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). RESULTS: Seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 66.4 years and a mean admission NIHSS of 18.3, underwent this procedure and were included. Each presented with an occlusion of the proximal ICA, with additional occlusions of the ICA terminus (n   =   3), middle cerebral artery (n   =   5), or anterior cerebral artery (n   =   1). Recanalisation of all identified occlusions was achieved in all @entity1 , with a Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) score of 3 and a Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) score >2b achieved in each case. Mean time from onset of @entity64 symptoms to recanalisation was 287   min; mean time from first angiography to recanalisation was 52   min. Intracranial @entity548 occurred in two @entity1 , with no increase in NIHSS. There were no mortalities. Mean NIHSS at discharge was 4.9, and mRs at 90 days was one in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of tandem extracranial ICA and @entity432 in the setting of acute @entity64 with extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by adjunctive intracranial mechanical thrombectomy is both safe and effective, but further evaluation of this treatment modality is necessary.

title: Emergent XXXX stenting and mechanical thrombectomy in acute @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial occlusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['extracranial internal carotid artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tandem occlusions involving both the @entity3538 (ICA) and an intracranial artery typically respond poorly to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). We retrospectively review our experience with proximal ICA stenting and stent-assisted thrombectomy of the distal artery. METHODS: The data included @entity1 that underwent carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy between 2012-2013. Radiographic, clinical, and procedural data were drawn from case notes, imaging records and discharge reports. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). RESULTS: Seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 66.4 years and a mean admission NIHSS of 18.3, underwent this procedure and were included. Each presented with an occlusion of the proximal ICA, with additional occlusions of the ICA terminus (n   =   3), middle cerebral artery (n   =   5), or anterior cerebral artery (n   =   1). Recanalisation of all identified occlusions was achieved in all @entity1 , with a Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) score of 3 and a Thrombolysis in @entity385 (TICI) score >2b achieved in each case. Mean time from onset of @entity64 symptoms to recanalisation was 287   min; mean time from first angiography to recanalisation was 52   min. Intracranial @entity548 occurred in two @entity1 , with no increase in NIHSS. There were no mortalities. Mean NIHSS at discharge was 4.9, and mRs at 90 days was one in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of tandem extracranial ICA and @entity432 in the setting of acute @entity64 with extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by adjunctive intracranial mechanical thrombectomy is both safe and effective, but further evaluation of this treatment modality is necessary.

title: Emergent @entity3538 stenting and mechanical thrombectomy in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and follow-up in a large series of @entity1 with @entity15709 ( @entity15709 ) of the uterine cervix and investigate if @entity1082 ) typing among @entity1 with negative cytology reports would have helped with early @entity15709 detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 132 @entity15709 cases diagnosed between 1989 and 2012 were retrieved. Clinical and pathological data were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 37 years. Seventy-two percent (n = 95) of all @entity1 were asymptomatic; diagnosis was established using cytology and biopsy. Primary treatment for 124 patents was cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Positive margins were found in 18% of those @entity1 treated with CKC versus 40% in those treated with LEEP. The mean follow-up time was 62 months (range, 2-217 months; median, 46 months). Three recurrences were found after conservative treatment in 86 @entity1 . High-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity was detected in 115 (96%) of 120 @entity1 , with HPV-18 being the most commonly occurring subtype (51%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a small risk of relapse after conservative therapy with cold knife cone or LEEP when resection margins are negative in @entity1 with @entity15709 . @entity1 should be given the options of hysterectomy or conservative therapy with strict follow-up.

title: Conservative Treatment Seems the Best Choice in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15709 :: ('MESH:D065311', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adenocarcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity15709 :: (MESH:D065311,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma In Situ of the Cervix Uteri']


abstract: Of all cavernous @entity600 (CMs), 4% to 35% are found in the brainstem accounting for 13% of @entity1462 of the posterior fossa. The annual risk of @entity548 associated with a CM with no history of a previous @entity548 is very low ranging from 0.6% to 1.1% per year. However, the risk of recurrent @entity548 after a presenting bleed is significantly higher. There is a correlation between the extent of persistent @entity51 and the number of recurrent @entity548 as rehemorrhage increases the rate and severity of @entity51 . @entity51 often improve after a hemorrhagic event spontaneously and sometimes resolve completely. The indication for surgery in @entity1 with brainstem CMs is controversial. Over the years, we have taken a more cautious stance and we often recommend observation in @entity1 after a single symptomatic bleed as most @entity1 return to a good level of functioning after a single bleed. Surgery is recommended for more @entity146 lesions usually after a recurrent bleed. In general, given the very low risk of bleeding from truly asymptomatic lesions, surgery should not be considered in these @entity1 . For symptomatic lesions which have presented with @entity548 , the decision of whether or not to proceed with surgical resection is related to the risk of surgery, @entity1 's disposition and perceived risk of rebleeding. Favorable outcome can be achieved through surgical resection after an appropriate selection of the @entity1 and thorough preoperative surgical planning.

title: Brainstem cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic episode', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited scientific data on the impact of smoking on @entity1 -reported outcomes following minimally invasive spine surgery. The aim of this multicenter observational study was to examine the relationship between daily smoking and @entity1 -reported outcome at 1 year using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) after microdecompression for single- and two-level central @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stays, perioperative and @entity260 . METHOD: Data were collected through the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine). RESULTS: A total of 825 @entity1 were included (619 nonsmokers and 206 smokers). For the whole @entity1 population there was a significant difference between preoperative ODI and ODI at 1 year (17.3 points, 95% CI 15.93-18.67, p   <   0.001). There was a significant difference in ODI change at 1 year between nonsmokers and smokers (4.2 points, 95% CI 0.98-7.34, p   =   0.010). At 1 year 69.6% of nonsmokers had achieved a minimal clinically important difference (>= 10 points ODI improvement) compared to 60.8% of smokers (p   =   0.008). There was no difference between nonsmokers and smokers in the overall complication rate (11.6% vs. 9.2%, p   =   0.34). There was no difference between nonsmokers and smokers in length of hospital stays for either single-level (2.3 vs. 2.2 days, p   =   0.99) or two-level (3.1 vs. 2.3 days, p   =   0.175) microdecompression. Smoking was identified as a negative predictor for ODI change in a multiple regression analysis (p   =   0.001) CONCLUSIONS: Nonsmokers experienced a significantly larger improvement at 1 year following microdecompression for @entity2649 compared to smokers. Smokers were less likely to achieve a minimal clinically important difference. However, it should be emphasized that considerable improvement also was found among smokers.

title: Does daily tobacco smoking affect outcomes after microdecompression for degenerative central XXXX ? - A multicenter observational registry-based study.

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: Fatigue, one of the most prevalent and underassessed nonmotor symptoms in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), is reported to be a major cause of disability and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the scientific literature and report how @entity1295 is defined and measured and what interventions are used to treat it. A synthesis of the current literature will expose the current state of the science of @entity1295 in @entity191 , propose areas for future research, and offer practice implications. An integrative review of the literature was conducted. The electronic databases CINAHL, Psychinfo, and PUBMED were searched using the keywords " @entity3777 ," "measurement," "interventions," "treatment," and " @entity2727 ." One hundred fourteen articles were found. Nineteen studies met review criteria. No universal definition of @entity1295 in @entity191 was found, making it difficult to measure. However, central, physical, mental, and peripheral fatigues were described. Six scales were found that measure @entity1295 in @entity191 ; only one specific to @entity191 , the Parkinson Fatigue Scale, measured physical @entity1295 . Seven studies reported interventions to treat @entity1295 and were categorized as medication, exercise, and alternative interventions. None of these interventions had a significant effect on @entity1295 . Findings showed that (a) there is a lack of a universally accepted definition of @entity1295 because of its subjective nature, (b) existing @entity1295 measurement tools do not measure all types of @entity1295 in @entity191 , and (c) no intervention had a significant effect on @entity1295 . There is a need to define and explore @entity1295 further using qualitative methods. Further development of instruments to measure @entity1295 in @entity1 , younger onset, and older adults with @entity191 is needed. A focus on @entity1 -centered interventions to reduce @entity1295 in @entity1 with @entity191 is a research priority.

title: Fatigue in XXXX : an integrative review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3777 :: ('MESH:D005222', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson\'s disease," "fatigue," "definition," "mental fatigue," "physical fatigue']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features of @entity674 (GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs. METHODS: Clinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity1 received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared. RESULTS: Nine of 36 cases (25%) developed @entity260 who were all in the PD group. Eight @entity1 recovered and healed finally after active treatment, and 1 case was complicated with acute @entity788 , @entity3472 and @entity1320 . The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival(OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1% and 61.1% respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8% and 78.8% respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups(P=0.71 and P=0.89). CONCLUSIONS: For duodenal GISTs @entity1 , regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of @entity260 . Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed, regional sectional and segmental resection with @entity130 should be the surgical treatment of choice.

title: [Clinical analysis of 36 cases of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['less injury']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have determined the I (2)P3/2 and (2)P1/2 branching fractions following the photodissociation of @entity11906 ( @entity17849 ) via a number of vibronic bands associated with the B   ((2)E3/2)6s Rydberg state at excitation wavelengths between 201.2 and 192.7 nm. Vacuum ultraviolet light at 118.2 nm was used to ionize both the product @entity1496 atoms and the @entity5498 radical cofragments, and velocity map ion imaging was used to determine the product translational energy distributions and angular distributions. The known relative photoionization cross sections for I (2)P3/2 and (2)P1/2 at 118.2 nm were used to determine the corresponding branching fractions. The results extend our earlier work at 193 nm by Xu et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 139, 214310), and complement the closely related work of Gonz  lez et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 135, 021102). We find that for most of the excited vibronic levels of the B   state studied, the I (2)P3/2 branching ratio is small, but nonzero, and that this channel is associated with internally excited @entity5498 radicals. The results are discussed in relation to the recent theoretical results of Alekseyev et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 044303).

title: Photodissociation of XXXX via Selected Vibrational Levels of the B   ((2)E3/2)6s Rydberg State.

entities_list: @entity11906 :: ('MESH:C014055', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl iodide']

answer: @entity11906 :: (MESH:C014055,Chemical) :: ['Methyl Iodide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effect of anti- @entity7 treatment on visual acuity outcome in @entity1 with neovascular age-related @entity1020 presenting with @entity4064 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of electronic @entity1 care record of 420 eyes treated with ranibizumab between March 2010 and June 2013. The authors classified the extracted sample into 3 categories based on the initial best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as measured on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study charts: 0 to 35 letters, 36 to 69 letters, and >= 70 letters. Best BCVA achieved in Year 1, and average BCVA over 36 months was computed. The neovascular lesion type, area of lesion, the presence or absence of @entity548 , retinal pigment epithelium tear, and @entity194 were systematically graded as was extent of @entity82 on a categorical scale of 0 to 4. Regression analysis was performed with the best BCVA achieved in Year 1 as the outcome variable and initial BCVA, @entity1 , and lesion characteristics as explanatory variables. RESULTS: The mean change in BCVA from the initial visit to the best-attained BCVA during Year 1 was highly statistically significant with an improvement of 9.95 letters. The improvement from initial BCVA to average BCVA over 36 months was 4.01 letters. Regression analysis identified @entity194 and @entity82 as predictors of best BCVA, with the model having an r of 0.71. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the use of anti- @entity7 agents even in eyes with low visual acuity particularly when @entity82 and @entity194 are absent and suggests algorithms to predict outcome for combinations of visual acuity and lesion characteristics across the full visual acuity range.

title: ANTI- XXXX THERAPY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Outcomes in Eyes With Poor Initial Vision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['very low vision']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of urinary (UI), fecal (FI), and @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and to identify shared factors associated with each type of @entity322 in older U.S. @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010). @entity1 : @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50 and older. MEASUREMENTS: UI was defined as moderate to severe (>= 3 on a validated UI severity index, range 0-12); FI was at least monthly loss of solid, liquid, or mucus stool; and @entity322 was the presence of UI and FI. RESULTS: @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to report UI only and @entity322 but not FI only (UI only, @entity1 19.8%, @entity1 6.4%; FI only, @entity1 8.2%, @entity1 8.4%; @entity322 @entity1 , 6.0%, @entity1 1.9%). In both sexes, prevalence increased with age. In regression models adjusted for parity and hysterectomy, @entity322 in @entity1 was associated with non-Hispanic white race (odds ratio (OR)=2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-3.4), @entity308 (OR=4.7, 95% CI=2.0-11.1), comorbidities (OR=4.3, 95% CI=1.9-9.6 for >= 3 comorbidities vs none), hysterectomy ( @entity20786 , 95% CI=1.2-2.7), and @entity294 (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.5-5.0). In @entity1 , @entity73 ( @entity16545 , 95% CI=1.2-4.9) and poorer self-rated health (OR=2.8, 95% CI=1.5-5.30) were associated with @entity322 . CONCLUSION: UI, FI, and @entity322 are common in older @entity1 and @entity1 . Factors associated with @entity322 were distinct from those associated with UI and FI. There were also differences according to sex, with @entity322 associated with @entity308 and @entity66 in @entity1 and lack of functional ability and poorer self-rated health in @entity1 .

title: Urinary, fecal, and XXXX in older U.S. Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'dual incontinence', 'DI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ADL impairment']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['dual incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When significant coronary lesions are identified by angiography, regional left ventricular (LV) contractile function often plays a role in determining candidacy for revascularization. To improve on current subjective and nonquantitative metrics of regional LV function, we tested a z-score "normalization" of regional strain information quantified from clinically acquired high-resolution LV geometric datasets. METHODS: Test subjects (n  =  120) underwent cardiac MRI with multiple 3-dimensional strain parameters calculated from tissue tag-plane displacement data. Sixty healthy volunteers contributed strain parameter data at each of 15,300 LV grid points, to form a normal @entity1 database. Point-specific database comparisons were made in 60 @entity1 who had documented @entity453 ( @entity453 ), by angiography. @entity1 -specific, color-coded 3-dimensional LV maps of z-score-normalized contractile function were generated. RESULTS: Blinded clinical review indicated that 55% (33 of 60) of the @entity1 with @entity453 had significant regional contractile abnormalities by 1 of 3 "gold-standard" criteria: (1) Q waves on electrocardiography (ECG); (2) @entity1188 on radionuclide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); or (3) @entity910 or @entity910 on echocardiography. Consistency among all gold-standard metrics was found for only 19% (6 of 31) of @entity1 with @entity453 who had >= 2 available metrics. Blinded MRI-based, multiparametric, strain z-score localization of contractile abnormalities was accurate in 89% (ECG), 97% (SPECT), and 95% (echocardiography). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsubjective normalization of regional LV contractile function by z-score calculation from a normal @entity1 database can localize and quantitatively display regional wall motion abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity453 . This high-resolution localization of regional wall motion abnormalities may help improve the accuracy of therapeutic intervention in @entity1 who have @entity453 .

title: Quantifying "normalized" regional left ventricular contractile function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human strain', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary  artery disease']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'akinesia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['ischemic coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity25095 (NMRs) are the oldest-living rodent species. Living underground in a thermally stable ecological niche, NMRs have evolved  certain exceptional traits, resulting in sustained health spans, negligible @entity73 , and a pronounced resistance to age-related disease. Uncovering insights into mechanisms underlying these extraordinary traits involved in successful aging may conceivably provide crucial clues to extend the @entity1 life span and health span. One of the most fundamental processes inside the cell is the production of @entity855 , which is an essential fuel in driving all other energy-requiring cellular activities. Not surprisingly, a prominent hallmark in age-related diseases, such as @entity179 and @entity5 , is the @entity73 of metabolic pathways. Using a two-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis proteomics approach, alterations in expression and phosphorylation levels of metabolic proteins in the brains of NMRs, aged 2-24  years, were evaluated in an age-dependent manner. We identified 13 proteins with altered levels and/or phosphorylation states that play key roles in various metabolic pathways including glycolysis, b-oxidation, the @entity5910 - @entity5906 shuttle, the @entity6626 Cycle (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain, @entity1110 production, as well as the production of @entity3264 . New insights into potential pathways involved in metabolic aspects of successful aging have been obtained by the identification of key proteins through which the NMR brain responds and adapts to the aging process and how the NMR brain adapted to resist age-related degeneration. This study examines the changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome in the brain of the @entity25095 aged 2-24  years. We identified 13 proteins (labeled in red) with altered expression and/or phosphorylation levels that are conceivably associated with sustained metabolic functions in the oldest NMRs that may promote a sustained health span and life span.

title: Metabolic clues to salubrious longevity in the brain of the longest-lived rodent: the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'impairment and dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['Tricarboxylic Acid']

entities_list: @entity25095 :: ('10181', 'Species') :: ['naked mole-rat', 'Naked mole-rats']

answer: @entity25095 :: (10181,Species) :: ['naked mole-rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International guidelines significantly diverge on the effectiveness of @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) in the initial work-up of thyroid nodules. In particular, the role of @entity1374 to detect or exclude the presence of @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) in @entity1 with normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) is still a matter to debate. Here, we aimed to review the literature on the prevalence of normal TSH value among @entity1 with @entity1374 and meta-analyse data of the retrieved eligible papers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of studies published from January 2000 to December 2014 on @entity1374 detected by @entity1374 was performed. Records reporting serum TSH values in @entity1374 were selected. Pooled prevalence of @entity1374 with normal TSH values was calculated on a per- @entity1 analysis including 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: Eight records including 2761 @entity1374 were selected for the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of @entity1374 with normal TSH detected by @entity1374 was 50% (95% CI: 32-68%). Selection bias in the included studies and heterogeneity among studies were potential limitations of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Present meta-analysis shows that about one in two @entity1 with @entity1374 demonstrated by @entity1374 has a TSH value within normal references. As a consequence, TSH measurement may not be considered as effective as a single tool to detect or exclude @entity1374 , and @entity1374 remains mandatory.

title: Prevalence of normal TSH value among XXXX with autonomously functioning thyroid nodule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid scintigraphy', 'autonomously functioning thyroid nodules', 'AFTN', 'TS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the magnitude and characteristics of the increase in @entity2613 demand in Western Australia (WA) from 2007 to 2013. METHODS: We conducted a population-based longitudinal study examining trends in @entity2613 demand, stratified by area of residence, age group, sex, Australasian Triage Scale category and discharge disposition. The outcome measures were annual number and rate of @entity2613 presentations. We calculated average annual growth, and age-specific and age-standardised rates. We assessed the statistical significance of trends, overall and within each category, using the Mann-Kendall trend test and analysis of variance ANOVA. We also calculated the proportions of growth in @entity2613 demand that were attributable to changes in population and utilisation rate. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2013, @entity2613 presentations increased by an average 4.6% annually from 739   742 to 945   244. The rate increased 1.4% from 354.1 to 382.6 per 1000 WA population (P = 0.02 for the trend). The main increase occurred in metropolitan WA, age 45+ years, triage category 2 and 3 and admitted cohorts. Approximately three-quarters of this increase was due to population change (growth and ageing) and one-quarter due to increase in utilisation. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals a 4.6% annual increase in @entity2613 demand in WA in 2007-2013, mostly because of an increase in @entity1 with urgent and complex care needs, and not a shift (demand transfer) from primary care. This indicates that a system-wide integrated approach is required for demand management.

title: Growth in Western Australian emergency department demand during 2007-2013 is due to XXXX with urgent and complex care needs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: XXXX in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity619 to prevent @entity1209 in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 and @entity3003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity7274 :: (MESH:C083418,Chemical) :: ['Palonosetron']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity7274 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity619 to prevent @entity1209 in @entity1 receiving XXXX and @entity3003 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity7274 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day XXXX to prevent @entity1209 in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 and @entity3003 .

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity7274 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity619 to prevent @entity1209 in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity7274 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity619 to prevent XXXX in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 and @entity3003 .

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity7274 ( @entity15409 ) and @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) on day 1 only in @entity1 with @entity5 receiving @entity1311 combined with @entity3003 ( @entity40108 ). The primary endpoint was to evaluate the complete response (CR) rate in the delayed phase. METHODS: This study was a randomized phase 2. Regardless of assignment to either study arm, all @entity1 received an intravenous prophylactic regimen of @entity9170 (20  mg) within 15  min and then an intravenous dose of @entity15409 (0.75  mg) as a bolus given 30  min before initiation of @entity40108 on day 1. @entity1 in the @entity9170 1-day group received no additional @entity9170 on days 2 and 3. @entity1 in the @entity9170 3-day group received @entity9170 (8  mg) orally on days 2 and 3. RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had evaluable data on the primary outcome. The CR rates in the delayed phase between the two groups were not statistically significantly different (3-day group, 76.9  % [30/39]; 1-day group 69.8  % [30/43]; p   =   0.4652). The frequency of @entity1142 and @entity22 which were antiemetic treatment-related adverse events was similar between two groups, and no serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day may prevent chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) in the delayed phase for @entity40108 as well as administration of @entity9170 3  days. Further evaluation of the antiemetic regimen of combination of @entity15409 and @entity9170 1  day for @entity40108 is warranted in future phase 3 trials.

title: @entity7274 in combination with 1-day versus 3-day @entity619 to prevent @entity1209 in XXXX receiving @entity1311 and @entity3003 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity72064 forms metabolically dormant cysts under unfavorable growth conditions such as desiccation or nutrient starvation. The development of cysts is tightly regulated and involves a cyst-repressing chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathway called the Che3 signaling cascade. The Che3 cascade is comprised of a @entity5498 chemoreceptor (MCP3), receptor-methylating/demethylating proteins CheB3 and CheR3, two CheW3 linker proteins, a CheA3-CheY hybrid @entity3793 kinase, and a single-domain response regulator, CheY3. In @entity2483 , the Che3 cascade also contains a second hybrid @entity3793 kinase, CheS3. Recent biochemical and genetic studies show that CheA3 does not serve as a phosphor donor for CheY3; instead, CheA3 inhibits a CheS3 > CheY3 two-component system by phosphorylating an inhibitory receiver domain of CheS3. In this study, we show that in addition to phosphorylation by CheA3, the phosphorylation state of CheS3 is also regulated by the cellular energy level as quantified by the molar ratio of @entity855 /( @entity855 + @entity857 ). A 35% decrease in cellular energy is shown to occur in vivo upon a nutrient downshift that gives rise to cyst formation. When this energy decline is replicated in vitro, the phosphorylation level of CheS3 is reduced by ~75%. Finally, we also show that @entity857 -mediated reduction of CheS3 phosphorylation is a consequence of @entity857 enhancing autodephosphorylation of CheS3. IMPORTANCE: Upon starvation, @entity72064 undergoes a developmental process that forms metabolically dormant cysts, which withstand desiccation and nutritional limitation. This study explores the role of the cellular energy state as measured by the ratio of @entity855 to @entity857 as an important regulator of cyst formation in @entity72064 . We show that @entity72064 cells experience a significant reduction in @entity855 during cyst formation using @entity855 /( @entity855 + @entity857 ) as a measurement. When this in vivo level of energy starvation is simulated in vitro, CheS3 phosphorylation is reduced by 75%. This profound reduction in CheS3 autophosphorylation is contrasted with a much lower 25% decrease in CheA3 phosphorylation in response to a similar downward shift in @entity855 /( @entity855 + @entity857 ). We argue that even though adenylate energy affects all @entity855 -dependent enzymes to an extent, the enhanced inhibition of CheS3 activity in response to a reduction in the @entity855 /( @entity855 + @entity857 ) ratio likely functions as an important input signal to regulate cyst development.

title: Adenylate Charge Regulates Sensor Kinase CheS3 To Control Cyst Formation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity72064 :: ('34018', 'Species') :: ['R.  centenum', 'Rhodospirillum centenum', 'Rhodospirillum  centenum']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['addition to Che-like components']

answer: @entity72064 :: (34018,Species) :: ['Rhodospirillum centenum']


abstract: Phosphorylation is a fundamental and pervasive mechanism widely known to regulate the functions of proteins [94,133], and lipids [8]. Phosphorylation of specific @entity535 residues is a reversible process controlled enzymatically by the competing activities of protein kinases that catalyze phosphorylation and phosphoprotein phosphatases that catalyze dephosphorylation. Several years before the cloning of @entity2227 receptors, phosphorylation was found to increase @entity143 currents, and dephosphorylation to decrease these currents in neurons from the hippocampus [76]. Since then, two principal protein kinase/phosphatase families have been studied extensively related to regulation of @entity143 receptors (NMDARs) in the central nervous system: those that act at @entity563 / @entity1889 residues and those that act at @entity669 residues. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation may regulate the gating or cell surface expression of NMDARs. Recently, an additional mechanism, alteration of the relative permeability of the NMDAR channel to @entity141 , has been suggested to be subject to regulation by phosphorylation [112]. The simplest biochemical event that may under-lie the regulation of NMDARs is phosphorylation of a single @entity535 in one of the core NR subunit proteins. This phosphorylation may then be reversed by the action of phosphoprotein phosphatase, and thus the relative levels of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are determined by the competing actions of those enzymes, i.e., those that are most proximate in the regulatory pathways. While such direct phosphorylation on @entity563 / @entity1889 and @entity669 residues has been demonstrated, whether such phosphorylation alone is necessary or sufficient for the subsequent increase in NMDAR currents is not known definitively and remains an open question. Alternative mechanisms that are nearly as simple, such as phosphorylation of regulatory or trafficking proteins in NMDAR complexes or of cytoskeletal or other elements also may contribute to changes in NMDAR currents. The kinase and phosphatase enzymes most proximate in the regulatory control of NMDARs are typically held within NMDAR complexes through anchoring proteins (Figure 7.1) that allow the strategic localization of each enzyme in proximity to its substrate in the complex. This may enhance the efficiency and specificity of the signaling pathways. Based on the key role of NMDARs in many forms of synaptic plasticity, that signaling complexes containing both kinases and their counterpart phosphatases are specifically targeted to the receptor complex facilitates bidirectional regulation of NMDARs during synaptic plasticity. Moreover, these enzymes are also subject to complex regulation by intracellular biochemical signaling networks, leading to multiple levels of control that are dynamic in time and space in certain neurons. Adding to the complexity, the enzymes regulating NMDARs may be differentially expressed in different neuronal populations in the CNS, and the expression may change during development or under physiological or pathological conditions. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of knowledge about NMDAR regulation by @entity563 / @entity1889 and @entity669 phosphorylation, and the cross-talk between these kinase/phosphatase signaling pathways.

title: Regulation of XXXX Receptors by Kinases and Phosphatases

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To assess diagnostic accuracy with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in @entity1 with @entity1558 and to evaluate the potential association between DKI-derived parameters and @entity0 clinical-pathologic factors. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. Data from 97 @entity1 (mean age    standard deviation, 45.7 years    13.1; range, 19-70 years) with 98 lesions (57 malignant and 41 benign) who were treated between January 2014 and April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. DKI (with b values of 0-2800 sec/mm(2)) and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired. Kurtosis and diffusion coefficients from DKI and apparent diffusion coefficients from diffusion-weighted imaging were measured by two radiologists. Student t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results Kurtosis coefficients were significantly higher in the malignant lesions than in the benign lesions (1.05    0.22 vs 0.65    0.11, respectively; P < .0001). Diffusivity and apparent diffusion coefficients in the malignant lesions were significantly lower than those in the benign lesions (1.13    0.27 vs 1.97    0.33 and 1.02    0.18 vs 1.48    0.33, respectively; P < .0001). Significantly higher specificity for differentiation of malignant from benign lesions was shown with the use of kurtosis and diffusivity coefficients than with the use of apparent diffusion coefficients (83% [34 of 41] and 83% [34 of 41] vs 76% [31 of 41], respectively; P < .0001) with equal sensitivity (95% [54 of 57]). In @entity1 with invasive @entity0 , kurtosis was positively correlated with @entity5 histologic grade (r = 0.75) and expression of the Ki-67 protein (r = 0.55). Diffusivity was negatively correlated with @entity5 histologic grades (r = -0.44) and Ki-67 expression (r = -0.46). Conclusion DKI showed higher specificity than did conventional diffusion-weighted imaging for assessment of benign and malignant @entity1558 . @entity1 with grade 3 @entity0 or @entity5 with high expression of Ki-67 were associated with higher kurtosis and lower diffusivity coefficients; however, this association must be confirmed in prospective studies. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : Diffusion Kurtosis MR Imaging-Diagnostic Accuracy and Correlation with Clinical-Pathologic Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity518 is the focus of recent @entity5 research. @entity518 plays a critical role in @entity5 development, progression, and @entity3 by activation of @entity5 cells, enhancement of @entity5 angiogenesis, and suppression of host anti- @entity5 immunity. @entity518 is a relevant target for @entity5 treatment. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to overview the biological feature and diverses role in @entity5 of @entity518 . @entity518 is a non-histone chromosomal protein, a secretory protein binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products in @entity5 cells and monocyte-lineage immune cells, and a DNA presenting chaperon for toll-like receptors. @entity518 enhances proliferation, motility, invasion and survival of @entity5 cells. In contrast, @entity518 induces apoptosis in monocyte-lineage immune cells and inhibits @entity5 -infiltrating macrophages and dendritic cells, lymph node sinus macrophages and liver Kupffer cells to attenuate anti- @entity5 immune responses and anti-metastatic organ defense. Then the novel techniques for inhibiting @entity518 are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION: Various techniques targeting @entity518 are subjected to trial. @entity518 targeting is a potential therapeutic techniqueagainst @entity5 development, progression, and especially @entity3 . Technical breakthroughs in application of @entity518 targeting to @entity1 diseases are now urgently required.

title: Non-histone nuclear factor XXXX as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity518 :: ('3146', 'Gene') :: ['High-motility group box (HMGB)-1', 'HMGB1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity518 :: (3146,Gene) :: ['HMGB1']


abstract: The study of the developing brain has begun to shed light on the underpinnings of both early and adult onset @entity146 . Neuroimaging of the @entity1 brain across developmental time points and the use of model animal systems have combined to reveal brain systems and gene products that may play a role in @entity72 , @entity71 , @entity3119 and many other @entity245 . However, precisely how genes may function in @entity1 brain development and how they interact with each other leading to @entity146 is unknown. Because of an increasing understanding of neural stem cells and how the nervous system subsequently develops from these cells, we have now the ability to study @entity3002 in a new way - by rewinding and reviewing the development of @entity1 neural cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), developed from mature somatic cells, have allowed the development of specific cells in @entity1 to be observed in real time. Moreover, they have allowed some neuronal-specific abnormalities to be corrected with pharmacological intervention in tissue culture. These exciting advances based on the use of iPSCs hold great promise for understanding, diagnosing and, possibly, treating @entity146 . Specifically, examination of iPSCs from typically developing individuals will reveal how basic cellular processes and genetic differences contribute to individually unique nervous systems. Moreover, by comparing iPSCs from typically developing individuals and @entity1 , differences at stem cell stages, through neural differentiation, and into the development of functional neurons may be identified that will reveal opportunities for intervention. The application of such techniques to early onset @entity146 is still on the horizon but has become a reality of current research efforts as a consequence of the revelations of many years of @entity245 .

title: Annual Research Review: The promise of stem cell research for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental conditions', 'basic developmental neurobiological science']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of @entity14 . METHODS: All randomized controlled trials of bevacizumab for the treatment of @entity14 from January 2003 to June 2013 were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall response rate and adverse events. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 12.0. The degree of bias was assessed using funnel plots for the effect size of @entity1349 at the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Following the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, ten studies comprising 6977 cases were finally included, of which nine were considered to be of high quality (4-7 points) and one of low quality (1-3 points). Our meta-analysis revealed the efficacy of bevacizumab in @entity1 with @entity14 in terms of @entity1349 (HR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.747-0.963), progression-free survival (HR = 0.617, 95%CI: 0.530-0.719), and overall response rate (OR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.199-2.207). Regarding safety, higher rates of grade >=  3 @entity101 , @entity644 , @entity548 , @entity715 , and @entity344 were observed in the bevacizumab treatment group (P < 0.05); however, the incidence of serious @entity137 was very low. There was no publication bias in the 10 reports included in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: The clinical application of bevacizumab in @entity14 is effective with good safety.

title: Value of bevacizumab in treatment of XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There exists a great variability in the manometric findings between @entity1 with @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and healthy subjects. The correlation between the pressures of the anal canal and the @entity322 is not exact by the wide rank of normal values. OBJECTIVES: Prospective study to evaluate differences in the pressures of the anal canal and in rectal sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity322 , chronic @entity1142 (CC) and healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity1 with @entity322 , 36 @entity1 with CC and 15 healthy subjects were included. The following data were obtained: age, sex, resting pressure, anal canal length (ACL), squeeze maximum pressure (SMP), squeeze pressure duration (SPD), first sensation, urge and maximum tolerated volume (MTV). Statistical study: test of Kruskal-Wallis, test of Mann-Whitney, and multinomial logistic regression test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the resting pressure (p < 0.001), the ACL (p < 0.001) and the SMP (p < 0.01) in the group of @entity322 with respect to the other two groups. The volume for the first sensation was significantly lower in the healthy subjects than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The urge volume and the MVT were smaller in the group with @entity322 with respect to the other groups (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis the age, the resting pressure and the volume for the first sensation and urge increase the relative risk for @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: The greater age, the decrease in anal canal resting pressure and the alteration of rectal sensation increase the risk for @entity322 .

title: Differences in the pressures of canal anal and rectal sensitivity in @entity1 with fecal incontinence, chronic XXXX and healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'anal incontinence']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There exists a great variability in the manometric findings between @entity1 with @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and healthy subjects. The correlation between the pressures of the anal canal and the @entity322 is not exact by the wide rank of normal values. OBJECTIVES: Prospective study to evaluate differences in the pressures of the anal canal and in rectal sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity322 , chronic @entity1142 (CC) and healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety four @entity1 with @entity322 , 36 @entity1 with CC and 15 healthy subjects were included. The following data were obtained: age, sex, resting pressure, anal canal length (ACL), squeeze maximum pressure (SMP), squeeze pressure duration (SPD), first sensation, urge and maximum tolerated volume (MTV). Statistical study: test of Kruskal-Wallis, test of Mann-Whitney, and multinomial logistic regression test. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the resting pressure (p < 0.001), the ACL (p < 0.001) and the SMP (p < 0.01) in the group of @entity322 with respect to the other two groups. The volume for the first sensation was significantly lower in the healthy subjects than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The urge volume and the MVT were smaller in the group with @entity322 with respect to the other groups (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis the age, the resting pressure and the volume for the first sensation and urge increase the relative risk for @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: The greater age, the decrease in anal canal resting pressure and the alteration of rectal sensation increase the risk for @entity322 .

title: Differences in the pressures of canal anal and rectal sensitivity in XXXX with fecal incontinence, chronic @entity1142 and healthy subjects.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity977 have to be studied in detail for structural characteristics, especially regarding the degree of granulation and immunohistochemical hormone expression, such as @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), @entity4090 , @entity4545 (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and proliferation markers (e.g. Ki-67 and @entity876 ) for correlation to clinical data and assessment of the prognosis. If histological and immunostaining data do not correlate to the @entity1 data, explanations for the discrepancies must be found. All active adenoma types can also be present as inactive, so-called silent @entity652 showing the same features. An increased Ki-67 index (>   3   %), significant nuclear expression of protein @entity876 and mitoses are characteristic of atypical @entity652 . Up to now the biological relevance of these atypical @entity652 , especially their role as preneoplasms for @entity977 has not been fully elucidated. The only proof of a @entity977 is the existence of @entity3 . Extensive local invasion and a greatly increased Ki-67 index are not sufficient for this diagnosis. @entity976 have to be classified into adamantinomatous types (intrasellar and suprasellar) and papillary types (only suprasellar). Regressive changes are found in adamantinomatous types only. Strong regression may lead to difficulties in the differential diagnosis of @entity1804 with @entity1544 . Demonstration of nuclear expression of @entity3546 in these cases enables the diagnosis of @entity976 . @entity976 are characterized by @entity817 mutations that may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. All pituicytomas of the neurohypophysis, all spindle cell oncocytomas of the anterior pituitary and all granular cell @entity5 of the posterior pituitary express @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) and are thought to be variants of a common uniform spindle cell @entity977 .

title: [New aspects of XXXX pathology of the pituitary].

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ["Rathke's cleft cysts"]

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary carcinomas', 'pituitary carcinoma', 'tumor of the pituitary', 'Pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'Papillary craniopharyngiomas', 'Craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor 1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guideline recommendations is suboptimal. Surveillance is frequently over- and under-recommend, resulting in strained colonoscopy capacity, potential risks without expected benefits, and missed opportunities for @entity14 risk reduction. AIMS: To identify factors associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines. METHODS: We conducted a three-phase study with a retrospective review of usual care post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations through medical chart abstraction (Phase I), prospective online physician survey (Phase II), and analysis of survey-based and other physician-based predictors of usual care surveillance recommendations (Phase III). Subjects included @entity1 who underwent usual care colonoscopy 2011-2012 (Phases I and III) and gastroenterology (GI) attendings and fellows (Phases II and III). We identified rates of recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overuse, and surveillance underuse based on usual care medical chart documentation and physician survey, as well as predictors of physician adherence to guidelines. RESULTS: We reviewed 640 @entity1 charts for 28 survey respondents. Rates of usual practice recommendations consistent with guideline adherence, surveillance overutilization, and underutilization were 84, 13, and 3  %, respectively. At survey, 82  % of physicians were concerned about missed @entity5 . Eleven percentage believed that guidelines were not aggressive enough. GI trainees were 2.5 times more likely to issue guideline-adherent recommendations [OR 2.5, 95  % CI (1.5-4.2)]. Disagreement with guideline @entity146 was independently associated with 40  % lower likelihood of adherence [OR 0.6, 95  % CI (0.4-0.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: Belief in the appropriate @entity146 of guidelines and trainee position, but not fear of missed @entity5 or guideline knowledge, was associated with adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines.

title: Post-polypectomy Guideline Adherence: Importance of Belief in Guidelines, Not Guideline Knowledge or Fear of Missed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess quality of life (QoL), functional outcome, and social impact following ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) since Indian data is limited. Data was collected prospectively from @entity1 who underwent IPAA for @entity31 or @entity1412 from 2004 to 2013. QoL and functional outcome at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, return to work, and change of job (social impact) were documented. QoL was assessed using the validated Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score, the normal score being 1.0. Twenty-five @entity1 were analyzed. Mean CGQL scores before surgery and at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.5, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively. @entity1412 @entity1 had better scores at 3 and 5 years. Only 40 % returned to same job. Sixty-four percent returned to work within a year. The median number of bowel movements per 24 h was less for @entity1412 @entity1 at 3 and 5 years. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 had poorer function at 3 years. Long-term QoL and functional outcomes following IPAA are acceptable. @entity1613 in QoL, mainly in @entity1412 and long-term adverse social impact in both groups should not be underestimated. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 showed delayed improvement in pouch function.

title: Quality of life, social impact and functional outcome following ileal pouch-anal XXXX for @entity31 and @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['Initial deterioration']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess quality of life (QoL), functional outcome, and social impact following ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) since Indian data is limited. Data was collected prospectively from @entity1 who underwent IPAA for @entity31 or @entity1412 from 2004 to 2013. QoL and functional outcome at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, return to work, and change of job (social impact) were documented. QoL was assessed using the validated Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score, the normal score being 1.0. Twenty-five @entity1 were analyzed. Mean CGQL scores before surgery and at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.5, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively. @entity1412 @entity1 had better scores at 3 and 5 years. Only 40 % returned to same job. Sixty-four percent returned to work within a year. The median number of bowel movements per 24 h was less for @entity1412 @entity1 at 3 and 5 years. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 had poorer function at 3 years. Long-term QoL and functional outcomes following IPAA are acceptable. @entity1613 in QoL, mainly in @entity1412 and long-term adverse social impact in both groups should not be underestimated. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 showed delayed improvement in pouch function.

title: Quality of life, social impact and functional outcome following ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for XXXX and @entity1412 .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess quality of life (QoL), functional outcome, and social impact following ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) since Indian data is limited. Data was collected prospectively from @entity1 who underwent IPAA for @entity31 or @entity1412 from 2004 to 2013. QoL and functional outcome at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, return to work, and change of job (social impact) were documented. QoL was assessed using the validated Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score, the normal score being 1.0. Twenty-five @entity1 were analyzed. Mean CGQL scores before surgery and at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.5, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively. @entity1412 @entity1 had better scores at 3 and 5 years. Only 40 % returned to same job. Sixty-four percent returned to work within a year. The median number of bowel movements per 24 h was less for @entity1412 @entity1 at 3 and 5 years. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 had poorer function at 3 years. Long-term QoL and functional outcomes following IPAA are acceptable. @entity1613 in QoL, mainly in @entity1412 and long-term adverse social impact in both groups should not be underestimated. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 showed delayed improvement in pouch function.

title: Quality of life, social impact and functional outcome following ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a common feature during @entity295 that occurs due to iatrogenic @entity190 , @entity308 of serum @entity68 levels and @entity1307 production, and a decreased lifespan of erythrocytes. However, these mechanisms are unlikely to play a role in @entity417 at the start of @entity295 . Moreover, sequestration of fluids, @entity177 and increase of intravascular space may additionally influence the change in hemoglobin concentration during intravenous fluid administration in the acute phase of @entity295 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, @entity1 who were admitted acutely to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were included. @entity1 who fulfilled the international criteria for severe @entity295 or @entity326 were included in the @entity295 group (S-group). The remaining @entity1 were allocated to the control group (C-group). Laboratory data from blood samples taken at first presentation to the hospital and at admission to the ICU, the amount of intravenous fluid administration and length of stay in the emergency department were collected and tested for significant differences between groups. RESULTS: The difference in hemoglobin concentration between the S-group (n   =   296) and C-group (n   =   320) at first presentation in hospital was not significant (8.8        1.2 versus 8.9        1.2  mmol/l, respectively, p   =   0.07). The reduction in hemoglobin concentration from the first presentation at the emergency department to ICU admission was significantly greater in the S-group compared to the C-group (1 [0.5-1.7] versus 0.5 [0.1-1.1] mmol/l, (p   <   0.001)). Spearman rho correlation coefficients between the reduction in hemoglobin concentration and the amount of intravenous fluids administered or the @entity1011 level in the emergency department were significant (0.3 and 0.4, respectively, p   <   0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, @entity1011 , the amount of fluid administration and the presence of @entity295 remained independently associated. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to in-hospital intravenous fluid administration, there is no significant difference in hemoglobin concentration between acute septic @entity1 and acutely ill controls. Within several hours after hospital admission, there is a significant reduction in hemoglobin concentration, not only associated with the amount of intravenous fluids administered and the @entity1011 level, but also independently with @entity295 itself.

title: 'Sepsis-related XXXX ' is absent at hospital presentation; a retrospective cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4224 mosquitoes are the main vectors of dengue viruses to @entity1 . Understanding their biology and interactions with the pathogen are prerequisites for development of dengue transmission control strategies. Mosquito salivary glands are organs involved directly in pathogen transmission to vertebrate hosts. Information on the spatial distribution of gene expression in these organs is expected to assist in the development of novel disease control strategies, including those that entail the release of transgenic mosquitoes with impaired vector competence. RESULTS: We report here the hybridization in situ patterns of 30 transcripts expressed in the salivary glands of adult Ae. aegypti females. Distinct spatial accumulation patterns were identified. The products of twelve genes are localized exclusively in the proximal-lateral lobes. Among these, three accumulate preferentially in the most anterior portion of the proximal-lateral lobe. This pattern revealed a salivary gland cell type previously undescribed in Ae. aegypti, which was validated by transmission electron microscopy. Five distinct gene products accumulate in the @entity63495 and another five localize in the medial lobe. Seven transcripts are found in the distal-lateral and medial lobes. The transcriptional product of one gene accumulates in proximal- and @entity63495 . Seven genes analyzed by quantitative PCR are expressed constitutively. The most abundant salivary gland transcripts are those localized within the proximal-lateral lobes, while previous work has shown that the @entity63495 are the most active in protein synthesis. This incongruity suggests a role for translational regulation in mosquito saliva production. CONCLUSIONS: Transgenic mosquitoes with reduced vector competence have been proposed as tools for the control of dengue virus transmission. Expression of anti-dengue effector molecules in the @entity63495 of Ae. aegypti salivary glands has been shown to reduce prevalence and mean intensities of @entity1800 . We anticipate greater efficiency of viral suppression if effector genes are expressed in all lobes of the salivary glands. Based on our data, a minimum of two promoters is necessary to drive the expression of one or more anti-dengue genes in all cells of the female salivary glands.

title: Spatial mapping of gene expression in the salivary glands of the dengue vector mosquito, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity63495 :: ('MESH:C537297', 'Disease') :: ['distal-lateral lobes']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']