abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Massive liver resection causes a variety of complications including @entity5694 . @entity3131 ( @entity15795 ) is a new experimental drug used as antifibrotic agent. Studies were performed to investigate whether @entity15795 influences the survival rate of animals with endotoxin-induced @entity99 after partial hepatectomy, and the mechanisms involved. METHODS: @entity35 were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 48 h after 70% hepatectomy. @entity15795 was administered orally before LPS injection. RESULTS: @entity15795 improved the survival rate of LPS-treated @entity35 after hepatectomy. @entity15795 prevented increases in serum enzymes and total @entity648 related to @entity99 . Histopathological analysis revealed that @entity15795 inhibited the enhancement in @entity99 and apoptosis. Further, @entity15795 inhibited increases of inflammatory cytokines and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in serum and liver, followed by decreases of number of infiltrating neutrophils into liver. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that @entity15795 inhibited the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) induced by LPS. @entity15795 also reduced the induction of inducible @entity842 synthase (iNOS) in the liver of LPS-treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity15795 inhibits the productions of inflammatory cytokines, CINC and iNOS in part through the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation, resulting in the prevention of endotoxin-induced @entity99 after hepatectomy.

title: @entity3131 prevents endotoxin-induced @entity99 after partial hepatectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clarify the association between physical activity intensity and @entity2973 / @entity28 . METHODS: Population-based 1997-2001 survey in Geneva, Switzerland (n=5,757, ages 35 to 74). Intensity of physical activity energy expenditure (EE) defined as percentage of total EE in moderate activities [3-3.9 x basal metabolism rate (BMR), e.g., normal walking, household chores] and high-intensity activities (> or =4 x BMR, e.g., brisk walking, sports). Overweight or @entity28 based on measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 in the lowest vs. the highest tertile of the percentage of high-intensity EE, the odds ratios (ORs) were, for @entity28 vs. normal weight, 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.8, P<0.0001) in @entity1 and 2.4 (1.7-3.4, P<0.0001) in @entity1 . For obese vs. @entity2973 , the @entity1 / @entity1 ORs were 1.9 (1.4-2.6, P<0.0001)/1.5 (1.0-2.2, P<0.05). For @entity2973 vs. normal weight, the @entity1 / @entity1 ORs were 1.4 (1.1-1.7, P<0.002)/1.7 (1.3-2.1, P<0.0001). Less or no relationship was found for the percentage of moderate-intensity EE. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study cannot determine whether exercise is an effective strategy for weight control or whether @entity2973 or obese @entity1 exercise less. However, clear dose-response associations in both genders between @entity28 or @entity2973 and energy expenditure in high (but not in moderate)-intensity activities are findings with potentially major public health implications meriting validation in an experimental intervention study.

title: Association of physical activity intensity levels with @entity2973 and XXXX in a population-based sample of adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clarify the association between physical activity intensity and @entity2973 / @entity28 . METHODS: Population-based 1997-2001 survey in Geneva, Switzerland (n=5,757, ages 35 to 74). Intensity of physical activity energy expenditure (EE) defined as percentage of total EE in moderate activities [3-3.9 x basal metabolism rate (BMR), e.g., normal walking, household chores] and high-intensity activities (> or =4 x BMR, e.g., brisk walking, sports). Overweight or @entity28 based on measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 in the lowest vs. the highest tertile of the percentage of high-intensity EE, the odds ratios (ORs) were, for @entity28 vs. normal weight, 2.8 (95% confidence interval: 2.0-3.8, P<0.0001) in @entity1 and 2.4 (1.7-3.4, P<0.0001) in @entity1 . For obese vs. @entity2973 , the @entity1 / @entity1 ORs were 1.9 (1.4-2.6, P<0.0001)/1.5 (1.0-2.2, P<0.05). For @entity2973 vs. normal weight, the @entity1 / @entity1 ORs were 1.4 (1.1-1.7, P<0.002)/1.7 (1.3-2.1, P<0.0001). Less or no relationship was found for the percentage of moderate-intensity EE. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study cannot determine whether exercise is an effective strategy for weight control or whether @entity2973 or obese @entity1 exercise less. However, clear dose-response associations in both genders between @entity28 or @entity2973 and energy expenditure in high (but not in moderate)-intensity activities are findings with potentially major public health implications meriting validation in an experimental intervention study.

title: Association of physical activity intensity levels with XXXX and @entity28 in a population-based sample of adults.

answer: @entity2973 :: (MESH:D050177,Disease) :: ['overweight']


abstract: Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) elicit a dose-dependent effect on the @entity2096 in @entity35 . After ESW treatment, the segmental defect underwent progressive @entity361 , endochondral ossification, and hard callus formation. Along with the intensive bone formation, there was a persistent increase in @entity1810 and @entity2095 expression. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin reduced ESW-promoted callus formation and gap healing, which presumably suggests that Gi proteins mediate osteogenic signaling. INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs) have previously been used to promote bone repair. In our previous report, we found that ESWs promoted osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells through membrane perturbation and activation of Ras protein. In this report, we show that ESWs elicit a dose-dependent effect on the healing of segmental defects and that Gi proteins play an important role in mediating ESW stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 with @entity2096 were subjected to ESW treatment at different energy flux densities (EFD) and impulses. Bone mass (mineral density and @entity460 content), osteogenic activities (bone alkaline phosphatase activity and @entity9356 content), and immunohistochemistry were assessed. RESULTS: An optimal ESW energy (500 impulses at 0.16 mJ/mm2 EFD) stimulated complete bone healing without complications. ESW-augmented healing was characterized by significant increases (p < 0.01) in callus size, bone mineral density, and bone tissue formation. With exposure to ESW, alkaline phosphatase activity and @entity9356 production in calluses were found to be significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). After ESW treatment, the histological changes we noted included progressive @entity361 , endochondral ossification, and hard callus formation. Intensive bone formation was associated with a persistent increase in @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) and @entity2095 ( @entity2095 ) expression, suggesting both growth factors were active in ESW-promoted bone formation. We also found that pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of membrane-bound Gi proteins, significantly reduced (p < 0.01) ESW promotion of callus formation and @entity174 healing. CONCLUSION: ESW treatments enhanced bone formation and the @entity2096 in @entity35 . It also seems likely that @entity1810 and @entity2095 are important osteogenic factors for ESW promotion of @entity174 healing, presumably through Gi protein-mediated osteogenic signaling.

title: Shock wave application enhances pertussis toxin protein-sensitive bone formation of segmental femoral defect in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal aggregation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity2095 :: ('29373(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2', 'BMP-2']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['segmental femoral defects', 'healing of segmental femoral defects']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity603 in the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on locomotion, including the compensating effects within and between limbs. ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal @entity1641 . PROCEDURE: Gait analyses including kinematics, force plate, and inverse dynamic analysis were performed at the trot before @entity1273 , after which @entity603 was induced by injecting endotoxin into the right distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. Gait analyses were repeated 24 to 30 hours later during @entity1273 . Differences between the stride variables during the 2 conditions (lame and sound) were identified. RESULTS: Tarsal joint range of motion, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse were decreased during @entity1273 . Mechanical deficits included a decrease in negative work performed by the tarsal extensors during the early stance phase and a decrease in positive work by the tarsal extensors during push off. No compensatory changes in work were performed by other joints within the lame hind limb during the stance phase. Vertical impulse in the diagonal forelimb decreased, but there were no significant changes in forces or impulses in the ipsilateral forelimb or contralateral hind limb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that @entity1641 are able to manage mild, unilateral hind limb @entity1273 by reducing the airborne phase of the stride rather than by increased loading of the compensating limbs.

title: Effect of induced XXXX of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of trotting @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral synovitis', 'synovitis']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['unilateral synovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity603 in the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on locomotion, including the compensating effects within and between limbs. ANIMALS: 4 clinically normal @entity1641 . PROCEDURE: Gait analyses including kinematics, force plate, and inverse dynamic analysis were performed at the trot before @entity1273 , after which @entity603 was induced by injecting endotoxin into the right distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. Gait analyses were repeated 24 to 30 hours later during @entity1273 . Differences between the stride variables during the 2 conditions (lame and sound) were identified. RESULTS: Tarsal joint range of motion, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse were decreased during @entity1273 . Mechanical deficits included a decrease in negative work performed by the tarsal extensors during the early stance phase and a decrease in positive work by the tarsal extensors during push off. No compensatory changes in work were performed by other joints within the lame hind limb during the stance phase. Vertical impulse in the diagonal forelimb decreased, but there were no significant changes in forces or impulses in the ipsilateral forelimb or contralateral hind limb. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that @entity1641 are able to manage mild, unilateral hind limb @entity1273 by reducing the airborne phase of the stride rather than by increased loading of the compensating limbs.

title: Effect of induced @entity603 of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints on sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of trotting XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of inducible @entity842 synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in alveolar macrophages in response to @entity6649 (APP) by determining @entity842 (NO) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) concentrations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Freshly isolated porcine alveolar macrophages. PROCEDURE: Alveolar macrophages were incubated for 48 hours with APP (1 X 10(4) colony-forming units/mL), interleukin-1beta, (IL-1beta; 5 U/mL), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha (TNFalpha; 500 U/mL), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 U/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/mL). In a second experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. In a third experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), LPS (positive control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: an iNOS inhibitor (3.3 microM), a COX-2 inhibitor (10 microM); or both the iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors. Supernatant was obtained at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment for determination of NO and @entity1421 production. RESULTS: The addition of APP to alveolar macrophages resulted in significant increases in NO and @entity1421 production. The addition of APP and IFN-gamma synergistically induced NO production. Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 decreased NO and @entity1421 production, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro activation of alveolar macrophages by APP results in increased production of NO and @entity1421 . @entity842 and @entity1421 production appears to be largely dependent on iNOS and COX-2 activity. Pharmacologic modulation of iNOS and COX-2 activity may represent a therapeutic target for @entity1707 with @entity5390 .

title: In vitro effects of XXXX on inducible @entity842 synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in porcine alveolar macrophages.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity6649 :: (715,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of inducible @entity842 synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in alveolar macrophages in response to @entity6649 (APP) by determining @entity842 (NO) and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) concentrations. SAMPLE POPULATION: Freshly isolated porcine alveolar macrophages. PROCEDURE: Alveolar macrophages were incubated for 48 hours with APP (1 X 10(4) colony-forming units/mL), interleukin-1beta, (IL-1beta; 5 U/mL), @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha (TNFalpha; 500 U/mL), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 U/mL), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 microg/mL). In a second experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma. In a third experiment, alveolar macrophages were incubated with fresh medium (negative control), LPS (positive control), APP alone, or APP with 1 of the following: an iNOS inhibitor (3.3 microM), a COX-2 inhibitor (10 microM); or both the iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors. Supernatant was obtained at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment for determination of NO and @entity1421 production. RESULTS: The addition of APP to alveolar macrophages resulted in significant increases in NO and @entity1421 production. The addition of APP and IFN-gamma synergistically induced NO production. Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 decreased NO and @entity1421 production, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In vitro activation of alveolar macrophages by APP results in increased production of NO and @entity1421 . @entity842 and @entity1421 production appears to be largely dependent on iNOS and COX-2 activity. Pharmacologic modulation of iNOS and COX-2 activity may represent a therapeutic target for @entity1707 with @entity5390 .

title: In vitro effects of @entity6649 on inducible XXXX synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in porcine alveolar macrophages.

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term sequelae of pelvic embolization for postpartum @entity548 and to study the effect on fertility and menses. METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 who underwent pelvic embolization for postpartum @entity548 between the years 1977 and 2002 were included in the study. Chart review and telephone interviews were conducted to gather data regarding the type of delivery, causative factors of the @entity548 , preembolization treatments, @entity190 , length of time between delivery and embolization, complications, long-term side effects, and subsequent pregnancies. RESULTS: The average (+/- standard deviation) time to follow-up was 11.7 +/- 6.9 years. The most common causes of @entity548 were @entity3799 , @entity8052 , and @entity5030 . In only one case was the embolization unsuccessful, during which there was an accidental perforation of an internal iliac artery resulting in a retroperitoneal @entity1410 and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy. All of the interviewed @entity1 that desired to get pregnant after embolization were able to do so. Six @entity1 reported a total of six uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries in the years after their embolization. Of the remaining @entity1 interviewed, none made subsequent attempts to get pregnant. The most commonly reported long-term side effects were transient buttock numbness (n = 2) and urinary frequency (n = 2). In no @entity1 were the side effects severe enough to seek further medical attention. CONCLUSION: Pelvic @entity1416 is a safe and effective procedure and offers @entity1 a fertility-preserving alternative to hysterectomy for treatment of intractable postpartum @entity548 .

title: Pelvic embolization for intractable postpartum XXXX : long-term follow-up and implications for fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal/cervical laceration']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the type of skin incision and postoperative wound complications in an @entity28 population. METHODS: A hospital-based perinatal database was used to identify @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 35 undergoing their first cesarean delivery. Hospital and outpatient medical records were reviewed for the following variables: age, insurance status, BMI, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, smoking history, prior abdominal surgery, existing comorbidities, preoperative hematocrit, @entity5870 , duration of labor and membrane rupture, dilation at time of cesarean delivery, type of skin and uterine incision, estimated @entity190 , operative time, antibiotic prophylaxis, use of subcutaneous drains or sutures, @entity7288 , and length of stay. The primary outcome variable was any wound complication requiring opening the incision. Multiple logistic regression analysis was completed to determine which of these factors contributed to the incidence of wound complications. RESULTS: From 1994 to 2000, 239 @entity1 with a BMI greater than 35 undergoing a primary cesarean delivery were identified. The overall incidence of wound complications in this group of severely @entity28 @entity1 was 12.1%. Factors associated with wound complications included vertical skin incisions (odds ratio [OR] 12.4, P < .001) and @entity7288 (OR 3.4, P = .03). A high preoperative hematocrit was protective (OR .87, P = .03). No other factors were found to impact wound complications. CONCLUSION: Primary cesarean delivery in the severely @entity28 parturient has a high incidence of wound complications. Our data indicate that a vertical skin incision is associated with a higher rate of wound complications than a transverse incision.

title: Vertical skin incisions and wound complications in the XXXX parturient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: This report is a part of a multi-centre study in Asia on the problem of dual forms of @entity3147 in the same households. In Malaysia, the prevalence of underweight and stunting persist among young @entity1 from poor rural areas. Overweight in adults, especially @entity1 from poor rural areas has been reported in recent years. Thus, this study was undertaken in order to assess the presence of the dual burden of underweight @entity1 -overweight mother pairs in a poor rural community. Out of 140 Malay households identified to have at least one @entity1 aged 1-6 years and mother aged above 20 years, 52.1% of the mothers were overweight, 15.7% of the @entity1 were underweight, 27.1% stunted and 5% wasted. Socio-economic background and food intake frequency data were collected from 54 underweight @entity1 /overweight mother pairs (UW/OW) and 41 normal weight @entity1 /normal weight mother pairs (NW/NW). Compared with the overweight mothers, a higher percentage of the normal weight mothers had received secondary education, were employed and with a higher household monthly income, although these differences were not significant. Patterns of food intake of the mothers and @entity1 appeared to have more similarities than differences between the UW/OW and NW/NW groups. Quantitative dietary intakes for 2 days using 24-hr recall and physical activity energy expenditure over the same period were assessed in a sub-group of UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity1 . The NW/NW @entity1 showed significantly higher intake of total calories, fat and @entity8728 than the UW/OW counterparts. Mean energy and nutrient intake of mothers from both groups were not significantly different, although the NW/NW mothers showed higher intake adequacy for total calories and most nutrients. While most of the mothers from both groups reported having no chronic illnesses, about half of the @entity1 in both groups had @entity281 , especially @entity344 , over a 2-week period. Energy expenditure from physical activity for both UW/OW and NW/NW mothers and @entity1 did not differ significantly. This study confirmed inadequate intake of total energy and nutrients as the major factor for underweight in Malay @entity1 from rural areas. However, assessing intake and physical activity by interview methods were not sensitive enough to overcome perceived problems of under-reporting of energy intake and over-estimation of energy expenditure, especially by overweight subjects. Further investigations on a larger sample are necessary to understand the family dynamics leading to the double burden of @entity3147 within the same household.

title: Dual forms of XXXX in the same households in Malaysia--a case study among Malay rural households.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been introduced for @entity1 with @entity7623 refractory to pharmacological therapy. METHODS: From April 1998 until November 2001, 55 @entity1 underwent GES implantation at Kansas University Medical Center. All @entity1 had prolonged @entity356 of a solid meal by scintigraphy at baseline. The etiologies were @entity6 in 39, related to previous surgery in 9, and idiopathic in 7. Symptoms were graded using a 5-point scale and quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. Body mass index and nutritional parameters were monitored. Hemoglobin @entity3916 was measured in the @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: Total symptom scores and the physical and mental composite scores of quality of life improved significantly. On average, gastric emptying did not change. Body mass index and body weight increased significantly. And days spent in hospital admissions were significantly decreased. At 1 year, @entity6 @entity1 experienced reduced hemoglobin @entity3916 . Four devices were removed. One @entity1 died of a @entity358 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In a large series of @entity1 with @entity7623 , GES significantly improved symptoms and quality of life.

title: Further experience with gastric stimulation to treat drug XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric retention']

answer: @entity7623 :: (MESH:D018589,Disease) :: ['refractory gastroparesis']


abstract: The aim of this study was first, to investigate the prevalence of @entity28 , @entity1144 , and clustering of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and secondly, to identify the BMI or waist circumference (WC) level at which clustering increases in South Koreans. A population-based, cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey was carried out in 1998. A total of 8,816 subjects (4,029 @entity1 and 4,787 @entity1 ) aged 15-79 y were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting @entity413 , and lipids. The prevalence of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 was 25.3% for @entity1 and 28.3% for @entity1 . The prevalence of WC >90 cm in @entity1 , and >80 cm in @entity1 was 18.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. Clustering of 3 or more CVD risk factors was 22.7% in @entity1 ad 21.7% in @entity1 . Using <21 kg/m2; as a referent, subjects with BMI of 23 kg/m2; and 27 kg/m2; had an odds ratio of 3.5 and 10.2 in @entity1 , and 3.1 and 6.7 in @entity1 , respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Using <65 cm as a referent, subjects with a WC of > or = 90 cm in @entity1 and > or = 85 cm in @entity1 had an odds ratio of 13.4, and 13.6, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Considering the significant associations between clustering of CVD risk factors and BMI or WC, the present study suggests that high prevalence of overweight may have important implications for the health care system, even at a lower level of BMI or WC.

title: XXXX , @entity1144 , and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: The aim of this study was first, to investigate the prevalence of @entity28 , @entity1144 , and clustering of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and secondly, to identify the BMI or waist circumference (WC) level at which clustering increases in South Koreans. A population-based, cross-sectional National Health Examination Survey was carried out in 1998. A total of 8,816 subjects (4,029 @entity1 and 4,787 @entity1 ) aged 15-79 y were selected by stratified multistage probability sampling design. The measurements taken of the subjects included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, fasting @entity413 , and lipids. The prevalence of BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 was 25.3% for @entity1 and 28.3% for @entity1 . The prevalence of WC >90 cm in @entity1 , and >80 cm in @entity1 was 18.5%, and 38.5%, respectively. Clustering of 3 or more CVD risk factors was 22.7% in @entity1 ad 21.7% in @entity1 . Using <21 kg/m2; as a referent, subjects with BMI of 23 kg/m2; and 27 kg/m2; had an odds ratio of 3.5 and 10.2 in @entity1 , and 3.1 and 6.7 in @entity1 , respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Using <65 cm as a referent, subjects with a WC of > or = 90 cm in @entity1 and > or = 85 cm in @entity1 had an odds ratio of 13.4, and 13.6, respectively for clustering of CVD risk factors. Considering the significant associations between clustering of CVD risk factors and BMI or WC, the present study suggests that high prevalence of overweight may have important implications for the health care system, even at a lower level of BMI or WC.

title: @entity28 , XXXX , and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea.

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: The co-existence of under-and @entity4084 in developing countries might be the resultant factor of a marked shift in dietary and lifestyle practices of @entity1 , especially in urban areas. The eating of high fat, high caloric diets, the presence of inactive entertainment devices and mechanized labour influence patterns of food demand and physical activity. This study identified factors associated with the occurrence of under/overweight or normal/normal nutritional status of @entity1 -mother pairs in one household. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a survey of 376 @entity1 -mother pairs. The @entity1 aged 33-83 months were attending classes in government day care centres. Anthropometric indices: weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) < or = -2SD was used to classify underweight in @entity1 . WAZ+1 to -1SD was used to indicate normal nutritional status in @entity1 , specifically for this study, in order to establish a more homogenous group. Body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m2 was used to measure overweight among mothers. Results showed that about 59% of the @entity1 -mother pairs were suffering from two different types of @entity3147 . From this, 31 (8.2%) @entity1 -mother pairs in the same household were experiencing underweight/overweight: the @entity1 was underweight and the mother was overweight. The second phase of the study was an in-depth study of these 31 under/overweight @entity1 -mother pairs and 30 randomly selected normal/normal pairs. Pre-tested questionnaires were used to gather socio-economic-demographic data; 3 day 24-h food recall for dietary intake and 24-h activity recall for physical activity. Results showed that the different factors associated with the existence of underweight @entity1 /overweight mother (UC/OM) or normal @entity1 /normal mother (NC/NM) in this study were: mother's educational level, mother's occupation, and number of @entity1 in the household; energy intake, the preference of meats, sweets and sugars among @entity1 or meats and fried foods among mothers; and mother's perception on body size. Physical activity of both mothers and @entity1 was higher in the UC/OM than in the NC/NM group. The problem of undernutrition and @entity4084 in one household poses enormous challenges. Although this study cannot make an inference to the whole population, the results indicate that there is a need to consider whether public health programs should focus on healthy diet and lifestyle patterns that will lead to optimal health outcomes at both ends of the spectrum of nutritional status.

title: A case study on dual forms of XXXX among selected households in District 1, Tondo, Manila.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4084 :: ('MESH:D044343', 'Disease') :: ['overnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of @entity583 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity1 with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to @entity32 ( @entity32 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Five @entity32 (alpha1-antitrypsin, @entity2104 , ceruloplasmin, @entity2002 , orosomucoid) were analyzed in 6075 @entity1 , 47+/-3.6 years old. A low-risk group (no traditional risk factor, n=1108) and a high-risk group (> or =2 major risk factors, n=1011) were defined. Incidence of @entity583 (n=227) was monitored over 18.1+/-4.3 years of follow-up. In the low-risk group, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.00 (reference), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.2), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 5.4), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.1), respectively, for @entity1 with 0, 1, 2 and > or =3 @entity32 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.03). In this group, the increased risk was observed only after > or =10 years of follow-up. In the high-risk group, the age-adjusted RRs were 1.00, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), respectively, for @entity1 with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 @entity32 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity583 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity1 with normal blood pressure and lipids was related to @entity32 . The causes for this relationship remain to be explored.

title: Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and incidence of XXXX in @entity1 with low cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins', 'ISPs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is sometimes experienced by individuals without any traditional risk factor. This prospective study explored whether incidence of @entity583 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity1 with normal blood pressure and serum lipids is related to @entity32 ( @entity32 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Five @entity32 (alpha1-antitrypsin, @entity2104 , ceruloplasmin, @entity2002 , orosomucoid) were analyzed in 6075 @entity1 , 47+/-3.6 years old. A low-risk group (no traditional risk factor, n=1108) and a high-risk group (> or =2 major risk factors, n=1011) were defined. Incidence of @entity583 (n=227) was monitored over 18.1+/-4.3 years of follow-up. In the low-risk group, the age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) were 1.00 (reference), 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.2), 1.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 5.4), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.05 to 8.1), respectively, for @entity1 with 0, 1, 2 and > or =3 @entity32 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.03). In this group, the increased risk was observed only after > or =10 years of follow-up. In the high-risk group, the age-adjusted RRs were 1.00, 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.2), 1.9 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.1), and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1), respectively, for @entity1 with 0, 1, 2, and > or =3 @entity32 in the top quartile (trend: P=0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity583 in nonsmoking, nondiabetic @entity1 with normal blood pressure and lipids was related to @entity32 . The causes for this relationship remain to be explored.

title: Inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins and incidence of @entity583 in XXXX with low cardiovascular risk.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 demonstrate progression of disease, despite chemical or surgical castration, and have a poor prognosis. @entity5 progression may be manifest as an asymptomatic increase in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or may be accompanied by symptomatic and/or radiographic evidence of @entity5 growth. Observation remains a reasonable choice for asymptomatic @entity1 . However, many @entity1 remain anxious about withholding further treatment and, although studies have not demonstrated a survival benefit with second-line hormonal therapy, it may be appropriate to consider these therapies. In @entity1 who have radiographic and/or symptomatic progression, the use of second-line hormonal therapy is more easily justified. Treatment options include: (1) secondary use of antiandrogens (eg, high-dose @entity12195 ), (2) therapies targeted against adrenal @entity134 synthesis (eg, @entity3102 , @entity6239 , and @entity288 ), and (3) estrogenic therapies (eg, @entity4742 ). Symptomatic improvement and PSA-level decreases of > or =50% have been reported in approximately 20% to 80% of @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 who receive such second-line hormone therapies, with a typical response duration of 2 to 6 months. @entity137 is generally mild for these oral therapies, although serious side effects, including @entity1887 , @entity99 , and @entity715 , may occur. In conclusion, secondary hormonal therapies have a significant role in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 . Further research is needed to understand their optimal use.

title: Secondary hormonal therapies in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Results are presented of a retrospective analysis of 651 carotid endarterectomies in 605 @entity1 with carotid territorial @entity63 ( @entity63 ). All operations were performed by the same surgeon in a community hospital from 1963 to 1986. Arteriographic findings consisted of carotid stenosis of 50% or greater in 88.5% of @entity1 and stenosis less than 50% and/or an ulcerated plaque in the remaining 11.5%. Medical risk factors were detected in 92% of @entity1 ; @entity101 , @entity1095 , and @entity453 were most prevalent. All operative procedures were conducted with the @entity1 under general anesthesia, routine shunting, and arterial closure without a patch. The perioperative @entity64 rate was 1.5% (10 @entity1 ); the morality rate was 0.8% (three @entity204 from @entity583 and two from @entity64 ) for a combined @entity64 and mortality rate of 2.0% (13 of 605 @entity1 ). Follow-up (mean 61.8 months) was possible in 570 (96%) of the @entity1 surviving operation without a perioperative @entity64 . The cumulative probability of late @entity64 (i.e., @entity385 ipsilateral to the operated artery) was 2.5% at 5 years and 8.1% at 10 years. When the perioperative @entity64 -mortality rate (2.0%) is combined with the data for late @entity64 , the 5- and 10-year probabilities of @entity64 were 4.5% and 9.9%, respectively (mean 1% per year for 10-year period). @entity453 accounted for 43% of late @entity204 and 16% of @entity64 . The perioperative @entity64 -mortality rate of 2.0% in this group of @entity1 falls within the acceptable range for carotid endarterectomy in @entity1 with @entity4905 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy in @entity1 with territorial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIAs', 'transient ischemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transient ischemic attacks']


abstract: Results are presented of a retrospective analysis of 651 carotid endarterectomies in 605 @entity1 with carotid territorial @entity63 ( @entity63 ). All operations were performed by the same surgeon in a community hospital from 1963 to 1986. Arteriographic findings consisted of carotid stenosis of 50% or greater in 88.5% of @entity1 and stenosis less than 50% and/or an ulcerated plaque in the remaining 11.5%. Medical risk factors were detected in 92% of @entity1 ; @entity101 , @entity1095 , and @entity453 were most prevalent. All operative procedures were conducted with the @entity1 under general anesthesia, routine shunting, and arterial closure without a patch. The perioperative @entity64 rate was 1.5% (10 @entity1 ); the morality rate was 0.8% (three @entity204 from @entity583 and two from @entity64 ) for a combined @entity64 and mortality rate of 2.0% (13 of 605 @entity1 ). Follow-up (mean 61.8 months) was possible in 570 (96%) of the @entity1 surviving operation without a perioperative @entity64 . The cumulative probability of late @entity64 (i.e., @entity385 ipsilateral to the operated artery) was 2.5% at 5 years and 8.1% at 10 years. When the perioperative @entity64 -mortality rate (2.0%) is combined with the data for late @entity64 , the 5- and 10-year probabilities of @entity64 were 4.5% and 9.9%, respectively (mean 1% per year for 10-year period). @entity453 accounted for 43% of late @entity204 and 16% of @entity64 . The perioperative @entity64 -mortality rate of 2.0% in this group of @entity1 falls within the acceptable range for carotid endarterectomy in @entity1 with @entity4905 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy in XXXX with territorial @entity63 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in preventing recurrent @entity64 and improving survival in the @entity1 who has sustained a @entity51 ( @entity51 ) or @entity64 is still controversial. To determine the long-term benefits and value of CE in these @entity1 , a 10-year review of 253 @entity1 who suffered a @entity51 or @entity64 was conducted. All @entity1 had CT brain scans, as well as arch, extracranial, and intracranial arteriography; any @entity1 without demonstrated carotid bifurcation disease were excluded from the study. On the basis of clinical symptoms and CT scan findings, 66 @entity1 were categorized as having sustained a @entity51 and 187 a @entity64 . One hundred fifty-one @entity1 who suffered a @entity51 or @entity64 had CE, whereas 102 @entity1 with @entity51 or @entity64 did not have CE and served as a control group. All endarterectomies were performed with a temporary indwelling shunt. @entity260 included two @entity204 (1%), six @entity64 (4%), and 10 transient @entity51 (7%). In follow-up extending to 10 years the cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity64 was only 7% (11 @entity1 ) in the operated group, whereas 18% of @entity1 in the nonoperated control group (18) sustained a recurrent @entity64 (p less than 0.05). As anticipated, the leading cause of @entity204 during follow-up was cardiac related; although CE did not significantly improve long-term survival, there was more than a twofold decrease in the incidence of recurrent @entity64 as a cause of @entity204 in the group having CE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy after @entity51 or XXXX : is it of value?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['reversible ischemic neurologic deficit', 'RIND', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CE) in preventing recurrent @entity64 and improving survival in the @entity1 who has sustained a @entity51 ( @entity51 ) or @entity64 is still controversial. To determine the long-term benefits and value of CE in these @entity1 , a 10-year review of 253 @entity1 who suffered a @entity51 or @entity64 was conducted. All @entity1 had CT brain scans, as well as arch, extracranial, and intracranial arteriography; any @entity1 without demonstrated carotid bifurcation disease were excluded from the study. On the basis of clinical symptoms and CT scan findings, 66 @entity1 were categorized as having sustained a @entity51 and 187 a @entity64 . One hundred fifty-one @entity1 who suffered a @entity51 or @entity64 had CE, whereas 102 @entity1 with @entity51 or @entity64 did not have CE and served as a control group. All endarterectomies were performed with a temporary indwelling shunt. @entity260 included two @entity204 (1%), six @entity64 (4%), and 10 transient @entity51 (7%). In follow-up extending to 10 years the cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity64 was only 7% (11 @entity1 ) in the operated group, whereas 18% of @entity1 in the nonoperated control group (18) sustained a recurrent @entity64 (p less than 0.05). As anticipated, the leading cause of @entity204 during follow-up was cardiac related; although CE did not significantly improve long-term survival, there was more than a twofold decrease in the incidence of recurrent @entity64 as a cause of @entity204 in the group having CE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Carotid endarterectomy after XXXX or @entity64 : is it of value?

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['reversible ischemic neurologic deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity1 with @entity955 complicating @entity583 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity1 with @entity955 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity1 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity2778 (5%), and @entity2643 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity1 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity2778 , 79% of those receiving @entity2643 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity955 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity204 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity2778 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity955 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity2778 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity2643 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity2778 in managing @entity1 with @entity955 after @entity583 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of @entity1 with XXXX during @entity583 : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity1 with @entity955 complicating @entity583 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity1 with @entity955 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity1 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity2778 (5%), and @entity2643 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity1 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity2778 , 79% of those receiving @entity2643 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity955 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity204 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity2778 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity955 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity2778 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity2643 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity2778 in managing @entity1 with @entity955 after @entity583 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of @entity1 with @entity955 during XXXX : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antiarrhythmic agents and electrical cardioversion in the management of @entity1 with @entity955 complicating @entity583 , and their relation to 30 day and one year mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study of 1138 @entity1 with @entity955 from the GUSTO-III trial. INTERVENTIONS: Of the 1138 study @entity1 , 317 (28%) received antiarrhythmic treatment, including class I antiarrhythmic agents (12%), @entity2778 (5%), and @entity2643 (15%); electrical cardioversion was attempted in 116 (10%). RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was restored in 72% of @entity1 receiving class I antiarrhythmic agents, 67% of those receiving @entity2778 , 79% of those receiving @entity2643 , and 64% of those having electrical cardioversion. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and complications occurring before the onset of @entity955 , there was no difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of sinus rhythm at the time of discharge or before deterioration to @entity204 . However, the use of class I antiarrhythmic drugs or @entity2778 was associated with a lower unadjusted 30 day and one year mortality. After adjustment for baseline factors and pre- @entity955 , the odds ratios for 30 day and one year mortality were 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19 to 0.89) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) with class I agents, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.07 to 1.32) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.02) with @entity2778 . In contrast, there was no association between the use of @entity2643 or electrical cardioversion and 30 day or one year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong trend towards lower mortality associated with the use of class I antiarrhythmic agents or @entity2778 in managing @entity1 with @entity955 after @entity583 . Randomised trials are indicated.

title: Management and outcome of XXXX with @entity955 during @entity583 : the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exogenously applied @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) strongly promoted stem elongation over the long term in intact light-grown seedlings of both dwarf (cv Progress No. 9) and tall (cv Alaska) @entity3587 ( @entity3587 .), with the relative promotion being far greater in dwarf plants. In dwarf seedlings, solutions of @entity6207 (between 10-4 and 10-3 M), when continuously applied to the uppermost two internodes via a @entity2708 wick, increased whole-stem growth by at least 6-fold over the first 24 h. The magnitude of growth promotion correlated with the applied @entity6207 concentration from 10-6 to 10-3 M, particularly over the first 6 h of application. @entity6207 applied only to the apical bud or the uppermost internode of the seedling stimulated a biphasic growth response in the uppermost internode and the immediately lower internode, with the response in the latter being greatly delayed. This demonstrates that exogenous @entity6207 effectively promotes growth as it is transported through intact stems. @entity6207 withdrawal and reapplication at various times enabled the separation of the initial growth response (IGR) and prolonged growth response (PGR) induced by auxin. The IGR was inducible by at least 1 order of magnitude lower @entity6207 concentrations than the PGR, suggesting that the process underlying the IGR is more sensitive to auxin induction. In contrast to the magnitude of the @entity6207 effect in dwarf seedlings, applied @entity6207 only doubled the growth in tall seedlings. These results suggest that endogenous @entity6207 is more growth limiting in dwarf plants than in tall plants, and that auxin promotes stem elongation in the intact plant probably by the same mechanism of action as in isolated stem segments. However, since dwarf plants to which @entity6207 was applied failed to reach the growth rate of tall plants, auxin cannot be the only limiting factor for stem growth in @entity3587 .

title: Magnitude and Kinetics of Stem Elongation Induced by Exogenous @entity9634 in Intact Light-Grown XXXX Seedlings.

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum L', 'peas']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['Pea']


abstract: Exogenously applied @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) strongly promoted stem elongation over the long term in intact light-grown seedlings of both dwarf (cv Progress No. 9) and tall (cv Alaska) @entity3587 ( @entity3587 .), with the relative promotion being far greater in dwarf plants. In dwarf seedlings, solutions of @entity6207 (between 10-4 and 10-3 M), when continuously applied to the uppermost two internodes via a @entity2708 wick, increased whole-stem growth by at least 6-fold over the first 24 h. The magnitude of growth promotion correlated with the applied @entity6207 concentration from 10-6 to 10-3 M, particularly over the first 6 h of application. @entity6207 applied only to the apical bud or the uppermost internode of the seedling stimulated a biphasic growth response in the uppermost internode and the immediately lower internode, with the response in the latter being greatly delayed. This demonstrates that exogenous @entity6207 effectively promotes growth as it is transported through intact stems. @entity6207 withdrawal and reapplication at various times enabled the separation of the initial growth response (IGR) and prolonged growth response (PGR) induced by auxin. The IGR was inducible by at least 1 order of magnitude lower @entity6207 concentrations than the PGR, suggesting that the process underlying the IGR is more sensitive to auxin induction. In contrast to the magnitude of the @entity6207 effect in dwarf seedlings, applied @entity6207 only doubled the growth in tall seedlings. These results suggest that endogenous @entity6207 is more growth limiting in dwarf plants than in tall plants, and that auxin promotes stem elongation in the intact plant probably by the same mechanism of action as in isolated stem segments. However, since dwarf plants to which @entity6207 was applied failed to reach the growth rate of tall plants, auxin cannot be the only limiting factor for stem growth in @entity3587 .

title: Magnitude and Kinetics of Stem Elongation Induced by Exogenous XXXX in Intact Light-Grown @entity3587 Seedlings.

answer: @entity9634 :: (MESH:C030737,Chemical) :: ['Indole-3-Acetic Acid']


abstract: The CT examinations and medical records of 33 @entity1 with primary @entity5 were reviewed. Computed tomography findings were then compared with those from scans performed on 122 @entity1 with @entity1893 who presented during the same time interval. @entity8678 had three distinct CT appearances. Twenty-one @entity1 (64%) had large soft tissue masses. Seven @entity1 (21%) had masses with fatty density components, and five @entity1 (15%) had @entity5 that were primarily of water attenuation. With the exception of those @entity1821 that contained recognizable fat, CT could not distinguish among the different cell types. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1893 had large dominant retroperitoneal soft tissue masses that resembled primary @entity5 . In most cases, however, CT was able to differentiate these @entity5 masses from @entity5 . Although 19 of 20 @entity242 of soft tissue attenuation were heterogeneous, only six of the 17 lymphomas presenting as dominant masses had such an appearance. Computed tomography is extremely helpful in initially evaluating @entity1 with @entity5 and in assisting the surgeon in planning his or her approach by accurately defining @entity5 extent.

title: Computed tomography of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary retroperitoneal tumors', 'retroperitoneal malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['Primary retroperitoneal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal malignancies']


abstract: To further evaluate the reported interaction in animals and @entity1 between cardiopulmonary baroreflexes and the somatic pressor reflex, studies were performed in 16 normal @entity1 using direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve activity to muscle (microneurography) during sustained isometric handgrip (30% maximal @entity2472 ). Forearm vasoconstrictor (plethysmography) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip were measured during cardiopulmonary baroreceptor deactivation (lower body negative pressure, n = 8) and activation (volume expansion, n = 8). In addition, responses to posthandgrip @entity63 were studied during these perturbations of cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. No evidence of an interaction between these two reflex pathways was found. When handgrip was performed during lower body negative pressure, the percent increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (+115 +/- 17%) was not different from the sum of the individual sympathetic responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure performed separately (+106 +/- 19%, p = NS). Likewise, the change in forearm vascular resistance (+3.9 +/- 0.8 U) for sustained handgrip performed during lower body negative pressure was not different from the algebraic sum of the responses to handgrip and lower body negative pressure when these were performed separately (+4.7 +/- 2.7 U, p = NS). No difference was noted in forearm vasoconstrictor and sympathetic nerve activity responses to posthandgrip @entity63 and lower body negative pressure when these were performed alone or in combination. Volume expansion also failed to uncover an inhibitory interaction. Handgrip performed before volume expansion resulted in forearm vascular resistance responses (-1.2 +/- 0.9 U) that were not different from the responses when such handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+0.9 +/- 0.9 U, p = NS). Rather than producing the predicted inhibition of muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses to sustained handgrip, volume infusion actually increased these responses. During prevolume sustained handgrip, the increase in sympathetic nerve activity (+64.5 +/- 15.7%) was significantly less than the increase when handgrip was performed after volume infusion (+105.6 +/- 20.1%, p less than 0.01). A similar lack of inhibitory modulation was seen during posthandgrip @entity63 performed before and after volume expansion. These data indicate that the efferent sympathetic responses to the somatic pressor reflex are not modulated by the cardiopulmonary baroreflexes in normal @entity1 .

title: Cardiopulmonary baroreflexes fail to modulate sympathetic responses during isometric exercise in XXXX : direct evidence from microneurographic studies.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fasting followed by vegetarian diet has shown to be an effective treatment for @entity309 , moreover fasting is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment in @entity1118 and stress/exhaustion syndromes. Data on well-being and the frequency of side effects during fasting are mostly retrospective. Mineral supplements are frequently used in order to compensate for fasting-induced tissue @entity520 and to reduce side effects. There are only limited data that support this practice. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of oral mineral supplements on common side effects and well-being during short-term fasting. @entity1 AND METHODS: 209 consecutive inpatients with @entity1118 /exhaustion syndromes were recruited. In a controlled non-randomised study design all @entity1 underwent fasting (250 kcal; 3 l fluid intake/day) over 7 days, in study phase 1 without (n = 103) and in study phase 2 with (n = 106) concomitant prescription of standardised oral mineral supplements (3 x 2 to 3 x 3 Bullrich's Vital). Weight, blood pressure and urinary pH were recorded daily. Well-being and mood as well as common side effects (i.e. @entity1295 , hunger, heart burn, @entity10 ) were assessed with standardised self-reports. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 209 @entity1 (mean age 54.7 +/- 10.5 years; 83.3% female) were balanced. Both groups showed a fasting-induced decrease of blood pressure, a slight decrease in mood and well-being on days 3 and 4 with consecutive increase and moderate hunger, i.e. in the evening. Side effects and general tolerability of fasting as well as well-being and mood were not different between the groups. There were no serious side effects in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term fasting in inpatients with @entity158 and stress syndromes is safe and well tolerated, concomitant mineral supplements have no additive benefit.

title: [Short-term therapeutic fasting in the treatment of XXXX and @entity1295 syndromes--well-being and side effects with and without mineral supplements].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fasting followed by vegetarian diet has shown to be an effective treatment for @entity309 , moreover fasting is frequently used as an adjunctive treatment in @entity1118 and stress/exhaustion syndromes. Data on well-being and the frequency of side effects during fasting are mostly retrospective. Mineral supplements are frequently used in order to compensate for fasting-induced tissue @entity520 and to reduce side effects. There are only limited data that support this practice. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of oral mineral supplements on common side effects and well-being during short-term fasting. @entity1 AND METHODS: 209 consecutive inpatients with @entity1118 /exhaustion syndromes were recruited. In a controlled non-randomised study design all @entity1 underwent fasting (250 kcal; 3 l fluid intake/day) over 7 days, in study phase 1 without (n = 103) and in study phase 2 with (n = 106) concomitant prescription of standardised oral mineral supplements (3 x 2 to 3 x 3 Bullrich's Vital). Weight, blood pressure and urinary pH were recorded daily. Well-being and mood as well as common side effects (i.e. @entity1295 , hunger, heart burn, @entity10 ) were assessed with standardised self-reports. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the 209 @entity1 (mean age 54.7 +/- 10.5 years; 83.3% female) were balanced. Both groups showed a fasting-induced decrease of blood pressure, a slight decrease in mood and well-being on days 3 and 4 with consecutive increase and moderate hunger, i.e. in the evening. Side effects and general tolerability of fasting as well as well-being and mood were not different between the groups. There were no serious side effects in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term fasting in inpatients with @entity158 and stress syndromes is safe and well tolerated, concomitant mineral supplements have no additive benefit.

title: [Short-term therapeutic fasting in the treatment of @entity1118 and XXXX syndromes--well-being and side effects with and without mineral supplements].

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: Nesiritide, a recombinant @entity1 B-type natriuretic peptide, is the first in a new drug class for the treatment of decompensated @entity712 . The drug binds to receptors in the vasculature, kidney, adrenal gland, and brain, and overcomes resistance to endogenous @entity3876 present in @entity1 with CHF. Nesiritide administration leads to a rapid and balanced vasodilatory effect, which results in a significant decrease in right and left ventricular filling pressures and systemic vascular resistance and at the same time in an increase in @entity64 volume and cardiac output without a change in heart rate. These early hemodynamic changes result in a rapid improvement in symptoms of @entity712 . In addition, nesiritide lowers @entity1369 , @entity2661 , and @entity2232 levels and its effect on the kidney leads to an increased natriuresis and diuresis without effect on serum @entity972 or renal function. Prior to its approval for clinical use, nesiritide was studied in 10 different clinical trials involving 941 @entity1 with moderate and severe CHF, including elderly @entity1 , @entity1 with both @entity299 , and @entity1 with @entity943 , @entity177 , and @entity63 . In comparative studies with available vasoactive therapies frequently used for treatment of @entity1 with decompensated @entity712 , nesiritide was proven comparable in efficacy to inotropic drugs such as @entity452 , but superior in safety. In a recent study, nesiritide was found to be more effective and better tolerated than the vasodilator, @entity1242 . The most common side effects expected with the use of nesiritide are @entity10 and decrease in blood pressure. At the recommended dose of nesiritide, @entity10 was reported during the first 24 hours of treatment in 8% of @entity1 and symptomatic @entity551 in 4% of @entity1 , compared to 20% and 5% in @entity1242 -treated @entity1 .

title: Nesiritide: a new drug for the treatment of decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity2008 detected at diagnosis are recognized as important in predicting response to chemotherapy in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). However, there is controversy concerning the prognostic significance of karyotype for outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) performed in first complete remission ( @entity3432 ). This single-institution report describes allo-BMT for @entity3052 in @entity3432 and the effect of diagnostic cytogenetic findings on the results of that treatment. Between August 1981 and December 1999, 93 @entity1 underwent related donor (n = 82) or unrelated donor (n = 11) BMT. Conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis were achieved predominantly with @entity1863 and @entity786 and with @entity205 and @entity1499 , respectively. Seventy-nine (85%) of 93 @entity1 had successful marrow karyotyping at diagnosis, and the @entity1 were categorized into 3 prognostic groups based on the British Medical Research Council @entity3052 10 trial classification: 15 @entity1 (19%) were classified as having favorable risk [inv(16), t(8;2 1), t(15;17)]; 55 (70%) as having intermediate risk [no abnormality, +8, +21, +22, @entity6158 ), del(9q), 11q23 rearrangement, and other numerical or structural abnormalities]; and 9 (11%) as having adverse risk [-5, del(5q), -7, 3q rearrangements, > or = 5 abnormalities, t(6;9), t(9;22)]. The median follow-up was 93 months (range, 16-241 months). The overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate, relapse rate, and treatment-related mortality (TRM) were not statistically different between the groups. The 5-year actuarial EFS rates for favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk groups were 58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29%-79%), 58% (95% CI, 43%-70%), and 67% (95% CI 28%-88%), respectively. Reclassification of @entity1 into cytogenetic prognostic subgroups according to Southwest Oncology Group criteria did not change these results. In univariate analysis, the only variable found to have a prognostic influence on OS (P = .04) and TRM (P = .03) was the type of donor (unrelated donor was linked to a worse prognosis), which was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Our study suggests that presentation karyotype has less prognostic significance for outcome following allo-BMT than for outcome following conventional chemotherapy. In particular, @entity3052 @entity1 with poor prognostic cytogenetic changes in @entity3432 who are unlikely to be cured with chemotherapy alone may benefit from allo-BMT.

title: Influence of cytogenetic abnormalities on outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for XXXX in first complete remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Cytogenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) and @entity8123 (NEP). Because these two enzymes participate in the degradation of the vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], we assessed whether omapatrilat treatment is associated with changes in the plasma and urinary excretion rates of the angiotensins. METHODS: We investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) (0.24 kg body weight) the effect of omapatrilat on plasma and urinary concentrations of angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II and Ang-(1-7) during 17 days of administration of either the drug (N = 15, 100 micromol/kg/day) or vehicle (N = 14) in the drinking water. Hemodynamic and renal excretory function studies were associated with histological examination of the expression of Ang-(1-7) in the kidneys of both vehicle and omapatrilat-treated SHRs. RESULTS: Omapatrilat induced a sustained lowering of systolic blood pressure (-68 mm Hg) without changes in cardiac rate. The mild positive water balance produced by omapatrilat did not cause natriuresis or kaliuresis, although it was associated with a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang I (2969%), Ang II (57%), and Ang-(1-7) (163%) levels, paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II. Detection of Ang-(1-7) immunostaining in the kidneys of five other SHR exposed either to vehicle (N = 3) or omapatrilat (N = 2) ascertained the source of the Ang-(1-7) found in the urine. Intense Ang-(1-7) staining, more pronounced in omapatrilat-treated SHR, was found in renal proximal tubules throughout the outer and inner regions of the renal cortex and the thick ascending loop of Henle, whereas no Ang-(1-7)-positive immunostaining was found in glomeruli and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Omapatrilat antihypertensive effects caused significant activation of the renin-angiotensin system associated with increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7). Combined studies of Ang-(1-7) metabolism in urine and immunohistochemical studies in the kidney revealed the existence of an intrarenal source, which may account for the pronounced increase in the excretion rate of the vasodilator heptapeptide. These findings provide further evidence for a contribution of Ang-(1-7) to the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

title: Vasopeptidase inhibition and Ang-(1-7) in the spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) and @entity8123 (NEP). Because these two enzymes participate in the degradation of the vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], we assessed whether omapatrilat treatment is associated with changes in the plasma and urinary excretion rates of the angiotensins. METHODS: We investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) (0.24 kg body weight) the effect of omapatrilat on plasma and urinary concentrations of angiotensin (Ang) I, Ang II and Ang-(1-7) during 17 days of administration of either the drug (N = 15, 100 micromol/kg/day) or vehicle (N = 14) in the drinking water. Hemodynamic and renal excretory function studies were associated with histological examination of the expression of Ang-(1-7) in the kidneys of both vehicle and omapatrilat-treated SHRs. RESULTS: Omapatrilat induced a sustained lowering of systolic blood pressure (-68 mm Hg) without changes in cardiac rate. The mild positive water balance produced by omapatrilat did not cause natriuresis or kaliuresis, although it was associated with a significant decrease in urine osmolality. Blood pressure normalization was accompanied by increases in plasma Ang I (2969%), Ang II (57%), and Ang-(1-7) (163%) levels, paralleling pronounced increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7) but not Ang II. Detection of Ang-(1-7) immunostaining in the kidneys of five other SHR exposed either to vehicle (N = 3) or omapatrilat (N = 2) ascertained the source of the Ang-(1-7) found in the urine. Intense Ang-(1-7) staining, more pronounced in omapatrilat-treated SHR, was found in renal proximal tubules throughout the outer and inner regions of the renal cortex and the thick ascending loop of Henle, whereas no Ang-(1-7)-positive immunostaining was found in glomeruli and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS: Omapatrilat antihypertensive effects caused significant activation of the renin-angiotensin system associated with increases in urinary excretion rates of Ang I and Ang-(1-7). Combined studies of Ang-(1-7) metabolism in urine and immunohistochemical studies in the kidney revealed the existence of an intrarenal source, which may account for the pronounced increase in the excretion rate of the vasodilator heptapeptide. These findings provide further evidence for a contribution of Ang-(1-7) to the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.

title: Vasopeptidase inhibition and Ang-(1-7) in the spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate long term visual outcome of treatment for @entity4457 . METHODS: In a previous study, 44 @entity1 with unilateral @entity4457 caused by strabismus or @entity9340 were enrolled in a prospective study investigating the results of treatment. All @entity1 were regularly examined up to at least 8 years of age and outcome was evaluated. All subjects were invited to a re-examination and in total 26 subjects attended. Two of these were excluded because of insufficient records. The final sample consists of 24 subjects. Mean follow up time was 10.4 (SD 1.9) years. RESULTS: For the amblyopic eyes, 17% deteriorated in visual acuity, 50% were stable, and 33% gained in visual acuity. For the non-amblyopic eyes, 8% lost one line in visual acuity, 38% were stable, and 54% gained in visual acuity. No eye in any subject shifted more than 0.2 logMAR units. The increase in visual acuity for the non-amblyopic eyes was significant, while the increase for the amblyopic eyes was not. All straight eyed anisometropic amblyopes showed a distinct decrease in magnitude of @entity9340 . CONCLUSIONS: Visual acuity was essentially stable in the amblyopic eyes 10 years after cessation of treatment in the studied population.

title: Long term visual outcome in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Median survival of @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ) has been estimated to be 12 years. Cholangiography is the gold standard for diagnosis but is rarely used in estimating prognosis. AIMS: To assess the natural history of Dutch @entity991 @entity1 and to evaluate the prognostic value of a cholangiographic classification system. @entity1 : A total of 174 @entity1 with established @entity991 attending a university hospital and three teaching hospitals from 1970 to 1999. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for validity and time of diagnosis, concurrent @entity29 , interventions, liver transplantation, occurrence of @entity201 , and @entity204 . Follow up data were obtained from the charts and from the attending clinician or family physician. Median follow up was 76 months (range 1-300). The earliest available cholangiography was scored using a radiological classification system for the severity of @entity1463 , developed in our institution. Survival curves were computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cholangiographic staging was used to construct a prognostic model, applying Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: The estimated median survival from time of diagnosis to @entity204 from @entity409 or liver transplantation was 18 years. @entity201 was found in 18 (10%) @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 (8%) underwent liver transplantation. Cholangiographic scoring was inversely correlated with survival. A combination of intrahepatic and extrahepatic scoring, together with age at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, proved strongly predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: The observed survival was considerably better than reported in earlier series from Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Classification and staging of @entity854 has prognostic value.

title: Natural history of XXXX and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests a role for immunologic vaccination and therapy in the management of minimal residual @entity1582 . We have previously demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining the Th1 stimulating cytokine IL-12 with the co-stimulatory molecule @entity8271 in @entity19 @entity1582 vaccination therapy. We reasoned that the efficacy of such treatment might be further improved by incorporating additional gene products which enhance the function of antigen presenting cells. Studies were therefore conducted with @entity19 @entity1582 BM1 cells expressing @entity24817 (membrane bound or soluble forms) or @entity2304 and the IL-12 x @entity8271 combination. Single agent and combined therapeutic approaches were explored. All gene-modified BM1 cells, except BM1/IL-12 x @entity8271 , developed @entity5 when subcutaneously injected into BALB/c @entity19 . As prophylactic @entity5 vaccines, the combined use of gene-modified BM1/sFlt3L+ @entity2304 +IL-12 x @entity8271 was most effective, providing 100% protection against subsequent parental BM1 @entity5 challenge. By comparison, only partial protection was observed with any single gene-engineered @entity5 vaccine. Notably, IL-12 x @entity8271 coexpressing BM1 cell vaccines were the most effective therapeutic vaccine in a minimal disease model. Such protective vaccination was achieved by stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and enhancement of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.

title: Improved therapeutic outcome following combination immunogene vaccination therapy in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests a role for immunologic vaccination and therapy in the management of minimal residual @entity1582 . We have previously demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining the Th1 stimulating cytokine IL-12 with the co-stimulatory molecule @entity8271 in @entity19 @entity1582 vaccination therapy. We reasoned that the efficacy of such treatment might be further improved by incorporating additional gene products which enhance the function of antigen presenting cells. Studies were therefore conducted with @entity19 @entity1582 BM1 cells expressing @entity24817 (membrane bound or soluble forms) or @entity2304 and the IL-12 x @entity8271 combination. Single agent and combined therapeutic approaches were explored. All gene-modified BM1 cells, except BM1/IL-12 x @entity8271 , developed @entity5 when subcutaneously injected into BALB/c @entity19 . As prophylactic @entity5 vaccines, the combined use of gene-modified BM1/sFlt3L+ @entity2304 +IL-12 x @entity8271 was most effective, providing 100% protection against subsequent parental BM1 @entity5 challenge. By comparison, only partial protection was observed with any single gene-engineered @entity5 vaccine. Notably, IL-12 x @entity8271 coexpressing BM1 cell vaccines were the most effective therapeutic vaccine in a minimal disease model. Such protective vaccination was achieved by stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and enhancement of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.

title: Improved therapeutic outcome following combination immunogene vaccination therapy in XXXX @entity1582 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Interventions for prevention and treatment of @entity28 increases in physical activity and, more recently, reductions in physical inactivity (sedentary behaviour such as television viewing). However, the evidence base for such strategies is extremely limited. The main aim of the present review was to update the systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence in the light of the recent rapid expansion of research in this area. @entity23 ( @entity23 ) that targeted activity or inactivity, that followed up @entity1 or adolescents for at least 1 year and that included an objective weight-related outcome measure were included. Trials were appraised using previously published criteria (Harbour _ Miller, 2001), and literature search strategies described previously (Reilly et al. 2002) were updated to May 2002. A total of four new @entity23 , two new systematic reviews and one meta-analysis were identified. The evidence base has increased markedly since the completion of earlier reviews, although high-quality evidence is still lacking. The evidence on childhood @entity28 prevention is not encouraging, although promising targets for prevention are now clear, notably reduction in sedentary behaviour. There is stronger evidence that targeting activity and/or inactivity might be effective in paediatric @entity28 treatment, but doubts as to the generalisability of existing interventions, and the clinical relevance of the interventions is unclear. Further research in settings outside the USA is urgently needed, and two ongoing @entity23 in Scotland are summarised.

title: Physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric XXXX : systematic review and critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomised controlled trials', 'RCT']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'childhood obesity typically target']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 66 cases of @entity259 presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule (STN) from an endemic area is presented herein. The workup included TSH estimation and radionuclide scanning and @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group A included cases of STN @entity189 diagnosed histologically in @entity1 clinically presenting as a benign STN. Of all the @entity1 who presented with a benign STN, @entity5 was found more frequently in 'cold' nodules (13.5 per cent), than in nodules with a different presentation on scintiscanning (0-9.5 per cent). @entity5 occurred in 5 per cent of the females and in 19.5 per cent of the males. Group B included @entity1 with overt signs of @entity5 . In both groups, the clinical behaviour was determined by the stage at presentation according to TNM classification. TNM staging was found to be a good prognostic indicator, comparable to histopathology. Thus, locoregional recurrence and mortality were found to be higher in advanced T3 lesions and in Group B @entity1 . On the basis of these findings it is suggested that @entity259 may either be an earlier stage of the disease or that the @entity259 in the two groups may be separate disease entities.

title: XXXX in an endemic area presenting as solitary thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['STN cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Three @entity1 @entity356 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the @entity5 tissues obtained from 3 @entity1 during surgery. The pathological findings of the @entity356 of these cases revealed poorly differentiated @entity420 (and partial @entity2580 in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a @entity3 in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same @entity5 . These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, @entity1138 and @entity632 were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.

title: Characteristics of three @entity1 XXXX cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Three @entity1 @entity356 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the @entity5 tissues obtained from 3 @entity1 during surgery. The pathological findings of the @entity356 of these cases revealed poorly differentiated @entity420 (and partial @entity2580 in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a @entity3 in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same @entity5 . These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, @entity1138 and @entity632 were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.

title: Characteristics of three XXXX @entity356 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Internal @entity1276 follows @entity548 in about 10%. Progression is directly related to the degree of @entity548 . Several studies confirmed that @entity75 may occur without an increase of intracranial pressure or head circumference. Assessment and therapeutic consequences depend entirely on sonographic and clinical criteria. In our series, 40 of 135 neonates with @entity548 developed internal @entity1276 . Therapy was necessary in 35 @entity1 , 11 died. @entity9737 were the most frequent therapeutic approach in 70% of the @entity1 . 40% required a shunt, usually a ventriculo-peritoneal system. In this group the proportion of Grade III and IV @entity548 was high. In 25% external drainage for one week was necessary. 10% were treated with @entity3791 and @entity1483 . By this therapy shunt placement could be avoided in 9 @entity1 (69.2%), in the group with @entity548 . In addition it was possible to postpone shunting to the third month on the average. 25 @entity1 were followed-up. 40% were normal or had a mild @entity245 . 60% were seriously handicapped. Poor neurodevelopmental outcome was related directly to @entity548 Grade III and IV, therefore to @entity75 in the early phase. To prevent additional lesions it should be emphasized that in infantile @entity1276 best long-term results have been obtained if the process was controlled early rather than later.

title: [Assessment and therapeutic possibilities in posthemorrhagic XXXX of the newborn @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'Grade III hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['Serial lumbar punctures']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Internal @entity1276 follows @entity548 in about 10%. Progression is directly related to the degree of @entity548 . Several studies confirmed that @entity75 may occur without an increase of intracranial pressure or head circumference. Assessment and therapeutic consequences depend entirely on sonographic and clinical criteria. In our series, 40 of 135 neonates with @entity548 developed internal @entity1276 . Therapy was necessary in 35 @entity1 , 11 died. @entity9737 were the most frequent therapeutic approach in 70% of the @entity1 . 40% required a shunt, usually a ventriculo-peritoneal system. In this group the proportion of Grade III and IV @entity548 was high. In 25% external drainage for one week was necessary. 10% were treated with @entity3791 and @entity1483 . By this therapy shunt placement could be avoided in 9 @entity1 (69.2%), in the group with @entity548 . In addition it was possible to postpone shunting to the third month on the average. 25 @entity1 were followed-up. 40% were normal or had a mild @entity245 . 60% were seriously handicapped. Poor neurodevelopmental outcome was related directly to @entity548 Grade III and IV, therefore to @entity75 in the early phase. To prevent additional lesions it should be emphasized that in infantile @entity1276 best long-term results have been obtained if the process was controlled early rather than later.

title: [Assessment and therapeutic possibilities in posthemorrhagic @entity1276 of the newborn XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']