abstract: Previous studies tried to correlate prognosis and response to oral @entity288 in @entity1 with @entity1274 to such factors as the age of the @entity1 , presence of vertigo, shape of the audiogram, or severity of the @entity393 . However, temporal bone histopathologic evidence shows that @entity1274 may be caused by cochleitis or cochlear nerve @entity5013 . Herein we report results of a retrospective study of 96 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1274 who were evaluated with auditory brain stem responses and @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the auditory brain stem response and magnetic resonance imaging were correlated with hearing outcome. Follow-up was available for 65 @entity1 : 14 with abnormal and 51 with normal auditory brain stem responses. The overall rate of hearing recovery or improvement was 65% in the normal auditory brain stem response group compared with 43% in the abnormal auditory brain stem response group (p = 0.07). Among the 38 @entity1 treated with a tapering course of oral @entity288 , the recovery or improvement rate was 83% for those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 56% for those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p < 0.05). Of the 27 @entity1 who did not receive @entity134 therapy, the improvement rate was 41% in those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 20% in those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p = 0.09). Magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 was obtained on all 14 @entity1 with abnormal auditory brain stem responses but on none with normal auditory brain stem responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of auditory brain stem response and XXXX -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for @entity1274 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Previous studies tried to correlate prognosis and response to oral @entity288 in @entity1 with @entity1274 to such factors as the age of the @entity1 , presence of vertigo, shape of the audiogram, or severity of the @entity393 . However, temporal bone histopathologic evidence shows that @entity1274 may be caused by cochleitis or cochlear nerve @entity5013 . Herein we report results of a retrospective study of 96 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1274 who were evaluated with auditory brain stem responses and @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the auditory brain stem response and magnetic resonance imaging were correlated with hearing outcome. Follow-up was available for 65 @entity1 : 14 with abnormal and 51 with normal auditory brain stem responses. The overall rate of hearing recovery or improvement was 65% in the normal auditory brain stem response group compared with 43% in the abnormal auditory brain stem response group (p = 0.07). Among the 38 @entity1 treated with a tapering course of oral @entity288 , the recovery or improvement rate was 83% for those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 56% for those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p < 0.05). Of the 27 @entity1 who did not receive @entity134 therapy, the improvement rate was 41% in those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 20% in those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p = 0.09). Magnetic resonance imaging with @entity2287 was obtained on all 14 @entity1 with abnormal auditory brain stem responses but on none with normal auditory brain stem responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of auditory brain stem response and @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for XXXX .

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: @entity2553 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5733 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity2553 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity1063 to denervated @entity35 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity1063 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity1063 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity63 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity1063 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity432 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced @entity2553 : the effect of XXXX , @entity432 , and adrenergic blockade.

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity2553 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5733 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity2553 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity1063 to denervated @entity35 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity1063 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity1063 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity63 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity1063 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity432 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced @entity2553 : the effect of @entity63 , XXXX , and adrenergic blockade.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['vessel occlusion']


abstract: @entity2553 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5733 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity2553 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity1063 to denervated @entity35 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity1063 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity1063 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity63 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity1063 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity432 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced XXXX : the effect of @entity63 , @entity432 , and adrenergic blockade.

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: Under the mandate of the Educational Committee of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.), three consensus development conferences (CDCs) were performed in order to assess the current status of the endoscopic surgical approaches for the treatment of @entity2963 , @entity698 , and @entity169 . Consensus panels for the different disease states (10-13 members each) selected by the education committee on the basis of members' clinical expertise, academic activity, community influence, and geographical location weighed the evidence on the basis of published results according to the criteria for technology assessment: feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, economy. Draft statements were prepared, discussed by the panels, and presented at plenary sessions of the 2nd European Congress of the E.A.E.S. in Madrid September 15-17, 1994. Following discussions final consensus statements were formulated to provide specific answers for each topic to a minimum of the following questions: 1. What stage of technological development is the endoscopic surgical procedure at (in September 1994)? 2. Is endoscopic surgery safe and feasible? 3. Is it beneficial to the @entity1 ? 4. Who should undergo endoscopic surgery? 5. What are the training recommendations? Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for symptomatic @entity2963 . Laparoscopic appendectomy is presently at the efficacy stage of development, because most of the data on feasibility and safety originate from centers with special interest in endoscopic surgery: it is not yet the gold standard for @entity697 . @entity547 repair is presently a feasible alternative for conventional @entity547 repair if performed by experienced endoscopic surgeons. It appears to be efficacious in the short-term. The full text of the consensus panel's statements is given in this publication.

title: The E.A.E.S. Consensus Development Conferences on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and XXXX repair. Consensus statements--September 1994. The Educational Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Endoscopic hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 @entity1 (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity565 or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled @entity112 sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to @entity1 with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of @entity566 ( @entity2023 ), but was not related to a family history of @entity56 , total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking.

title: Bronchial reactivity to inhaled XXXX and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['usually allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: @entity943 is common after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TF) and may cause @entity944 . To explore the mechanisms, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and electrophysiologic studies were undertaken, without the use of provocative tests, in 22 @entity1 5 to 24 years (mean 13) after repair. His-Purkinje and right ventricular (RV) apical activation times were measured to assess conduction. Endocardial mapping of the right ventricle was performed, with additional recordings from the left ventricle in 10 @entity1 , to detect abnormalities of local depolarization and repolarization. Local RV electrograms were fractionated or delayed in 12 @entity1 (55%) at 1 or more RV sites (septum in 7 @entity1 , outflow in 7, free wall in 2 and apex 1 @entity1 ), reflecting disordered depolarization, but left ventricular recordings were normal in all. @entity943 out of hospital was more common (p less than 0.05) and more severe (p less than 0.01) in the @entity1 with @entity854 than in those with normal electrographic findings. In contrast, there was no association between @entity943 and conduction disturbances. Abnormalities of RV repolarization, consisting of low-frequency signals after the T wave, were observed in 17 @entity1 (77%), but were not associated with @entity943 . Thus, @entity943 during daily life was associated with fractionated depolarization at multiple sites in the right ventricle. This suggests that there are widespread areas of RV @entity296 that provide substrates for @entity1165 .

title: XXXX of right ventricular depolarization after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a basis for @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['depolarization abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Local abnormalities']


abstract: @entity943 is common after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TF) and may cause @entity944 . To explore the mechanisms, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and electrophysiologic studies were undertaken, without the use of provocative tests, in 22 @entity1 5 to 24 years (mean 13) after repair. His-Purkinje and right ventricular (RV) apical activation times were measured to assess conduction. Endocardial mapping of the right ventricle was performed, with additional recordings from the left ventricle in 10 @entity1 , to detect abnormalities of local depolarization and repolarization. Local RV electrograms were fractionated or delayed in 12 @entity1 (55%) at 1 or more RV sites (septum in 7 @entity1 , outflow in 7, free wall in 2 and apex 1 @entity1 ), reflecting disordered depolarization, but left ventricular recordings were normal in all. @entity943 out of hospital was more common (p less than 0.05) and more severe (p less than 0.01) in the @entity1 with @entity854 than in those with normal electrographic findings. In contrast, there was no association between @entity943 and conduction disturbances. Abnormalities of RV repolarization, consisting of low-frequency signals after the T wave, were observed in 17 @entity1 (77%), but were not associated with @entity943 . Thus, @entity943 during daily life was associated with fractionated depolarization at multiple sites in the right ventricle. This suggests that there are widespread areas of RV @entity296 that provide substrates for @entity1165 .

title: @entity854 of right ventricular depolarization after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a basis for XXXX .

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: We correlated levels of circulating @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (Epi) induced by 1) infusions, 2) treadmill exercise, and 3) @entity548 with left ventricular (LV) function in conscious @entity235 instrumented for the measurement of LV and arterial pressures, LV diameter, and calculations of indexes of myocardial contractility. With infusions of NE, significant hemodynamic changes were observed only when plasma levels of NE exceeded 1,000 pg/ml. While statistically significant, the increase in rate of rise of LV pressure (LV dP/dt) at these levels was relatively slight, i.e., 8 +/- 2.3%. With further increases in @entity2661 (greater than 1,000 pg/ml) good correlations were observed with increases in arterial pressure and myocardial contractility. Similar results occurred with infusions of Epi. Moderate treadmill exercise doubled LV dP/dt, while NE and Epi rose by only 563 +/- 128 and 292 +/- 50 pg/ml, respectively. @entity548 (30 ml/kg) decreased all indexes of contractility but increased plasma NE by 1,108 +/- 206 pg/ml and Epi by 1,475 +/- 266 pg/ml. Despite arterial NE and Epi levels 10-20 times those during exercise, infusions were unable to reproduce the peak changes in contractility seen with exercise. Infusions of NE or Epi to equal the plasma levels during exercise increased contractility by only 5-10%. In view of the marked disparity between levels of circulating @entity2661 and LV function during exercise, @entity548 , and @entity2922 infusion, we conclude that circulating @entity2661 do not adequately reflect the degree of inotropic stimulation to the myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation between cardiac performance and plasma XXXX levels in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: We correlated levels of circulating @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (Epi) induced by 1) infusions, 2) treadmill exercise, and 3) @entity548 with left ventricular (LV) function in conscious @entity235 instrumented for the measurement of LV and arterial pressures, LV diameter, and calculations of indexes of myocardial contractility. With infusions of NE, significant hemodynamic changes were observed only when plasma levels of NE exceeded 1,000 pg/ml. While statistically significant, the increase in rate of rise of LV pressure (LV dP/dt) at these levels was relatively slight, i.e., 8 +/- 2.3%. With further increases in @entity2661 (greater than 1,000 pg/ml) good correlations were observed with increases in arterial pressure and myocardial contractility. Similar results occurred with infusions of Epi. Moderate treadmill exercise doubled LV dP/dt, while NE and Epi rose by only 563 +/- 128 and 292 +/- 50 pg/ml, respectively. @entity548 (30 ml/kg) decreased all indexes of contractility but increased plasma NE by 1,108 +/- 206 pg/ml and Epi by 1,475 +/- 266 pg/ml. Despite arterial NE and Epi levels 10-20 times those during exercise, infusions were unable to reproduce the peak changes in contractility seen with exercise. Infusions of NE or Epi to equal the plasma levels during exercise increased contractility by only 5-10%. In view of the marked disparity between levels of circulating @entity2661 and LV function during exercise, @entity548 , and @entity2922 infusion, we conclude that circulating @entity2661 do not adequately reflect the degree of inotropic stimulation to the myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation between cardiac performance and plasma @entity2922 levels in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Ischemic @entity943 were produced in 40 of 47 anesthetized mongrel @entity235 by high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. @entity943 were treated with a single iv bolus of 20, 40, 80, or 120 mg of @entity3303 (L) in order to determine the dose at which approximately 50% of animals had an antidysrhythmic response. Cardiac output and @entity296 ( @entity296 ) were measured by using radionuclide labeled microspheres. @entity3303 concentration [( L]) was measured from samples of arterial and venous blood and normal and @entity63 . All @entity235 treated with 40, 80, or 120 mg of L had an antidysrhythmic effect. However, with 20 mg of L the @entity943 persisted in 12 and resolved in 14. With 20 mg of L, @entity63 myocardial [L] was greater in @entity235 with an antidysrhythmic effect than in those with persistent @entity943 (1.14 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.04 micrograms X g-1), but no difference was seen for arterial, venous, and normal myocardial [L]. Ischemic @entity296 was higher in the @entity235 that had an antidysrhythmic effect than in those that did not, 9.8 +/- 1.5 versus 6.9 +/- 1.3% of normal. With 20 mg of L, [L] in @entity63 correlated well with @entity63 @entity296 . The antidysrhythmic response to L had a threshold at a tissue concentration of greater than or equal to 1.0 microgram X g-1 (chi-square = 8.55, P less than 0.005). For this model, the [L] in @entity63 during acute @entity63 correlates with the antidysrhythmic response to L, while the concentration in normal myocardium or blood does not.

title: Regional myocardial XXXX concentration determines the antidysrhythmic effect in @entity235 after coronary artery occlusion.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['regional myocardial blood flow', 'RMBF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'ventricular dysrhythmias', 'dysrhythmias', 'Dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Ischemic @entity943 were produced in 40 of 47 anesthetized mongrel @entity235 by high ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. @entity943 were treated with a single iv bolus of 20, 40, 80, or 120 mg of @entity3303 (L) in order to determine the dose at which approximately 50% of animals had an antidysrhythmic response. Cardiac output and @entity296 ( @entity296 ) were measured by using radionuclide labeled microspheres. @entity3303 concentration [( L]) was measured from samples of arterial and venous blood and normal and @entity63 . All @entity235 treated with 40, 80, or 120 mg of L had an antidysrhythmic effect. However, with 20 mg of L the @entity943 persisted in 12 and resolved in 14. With 20 mg of L, @entity63 myocardial [L] was greater in @entity235 with an antidysrhythmic effect than in those with persistent @entity943 (1.14 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.04 micrograms X g-1), but no difference was seen for arterial, venous, and normal myocardial [L]. Ischemic @entity296 was higher in the @entity235 that had an antidysrhythmic effect than in those that did not, 9.8 +/- 1.5 versus 6.9 +/- 1.3% of normal. With 20 mg of L, [L] in @entity63 correlated well with @entity63 @entity296 . The antidysrhythmic response to L had a threshold at a tissue concentration of greater than or equal to 1.0 microgram X g-1 (chi-square = 8.55, P less than 0.005). For this model, the [L] in @entity63 during acute @entity63 correlates with the antidysrhythmic response to L, while the concentration in normal myocardium or blood does not.

title: Regional myocardial @entity3303 concentration determines the antidysrhythmic effect in XXXX after coronary artery occlusion.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: A retrospective study of 30 @entity1 treated primarily with surgery for @entity976 between 1965 and 1980 was conducted. There were 13 @entity1 and 17 adults in this series. Apparent total surgical removal was obtained in six @entity1 and eight adults; the remaining @entity1 had subtotal resection. Radiation therapy was used for salvage in five @entity1 and after complete cyst removal in one. The ten-year survival rate was 80% in @entity1 and 30% in adults. The five-year survival was ten of 11 @entity1 with @entity976 and seven (41%) of 17 @entity1 in the adult group. Seven of 13 @entity1 in the childhood group experienced surgically documented recurrence after first surgery. Seven of 17 @entity1 recurred after first surgery in the adult group. Four died of operative complications. Morbidity demonstrated by quality of survival was high in these @entity1 .

title: Analysis of treatment results in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'childhood craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: From 1957 through September, 1983, 35 @entity1 with @entity215 and @entity338 underwent operation. Two subgroups of @entity1 were recognized: minimally symptomatic (Group A, n = 21) and markedly symptomatic (Group B, n = 14). Group B @entity1 were symptomatic at an earlier age and were younger at operation. Ages ranged from 1 day to 42 years (mean = 7.8 +/- 7.4 SD). Repair consisted of closure of the @entity1757 and relief of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery pressure gradient (nine @entity1 received a tissue valve). In five @entity1 , partial resection and/or plication of the @entity438 also was performed. Operative mortality was 4.8% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. In up to 25 years of follow-up, there was one late death in Group A (an early case with complete @entity616 ); the remaining 19 @entity1 are asymptomatic. In Group B, there were four late deaths, three related to @entity1887 . These results indicate @entity338 is tolerated well in minimally symptomatic @entity1 . For markedly symptomatic @entity1 , results may be improved if repair includes @entity340 and reduction of size and length of @entity438 .

title: Tetralogy of Fallot with XXXX . Early and late results of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve insufficiency', 'absent pulmonary valve']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['establishment of pulmonary valvular competence']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal pulmonary arteries']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve']


abstract: Ten cases of @entity765 , diagnosed, treated, and followed during the past 11 years, were reviewed and the @entity1 reexamined. Two were up to 3 years, two up to 5 years, and four up to 11 years after excision. The remaining two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The 10 @entity1 included one male and nine females; six females were of childbearing age and three were postmenopausal. In four females the @entity765 was located near various surgical scars. In the one recurrent desmoid it was most probably related to both repeated traumatization of the abdominal wall due to pregnancies and hyperestrogenism. All the surgical margins of resection were microscopically involved by the process. An open liver biopsy, performed simultaneously with the excision of the recurrent desmoid, showed @entity4383 compatible with hyperestrogenism. @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors of this desmoid were negative. In the present series follow-up revealed, in contrast to general agreement, that in spite of incomplete excision, the recurrence rate was low. We suggest that the surgical approach to @entity765 could be less radical, except possibly for lesions in @entity1 with multiple causative factors.

title: XXXX --review and follow-up of ten cases.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['benign nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['Desmoid tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the safety of 3-4 @entity63404 (DAP) in @entity1 with @entity4681 and to examine its efficacy in reducing muscle fatigue and @entity425 and in improving objective parameters of muscle function. DESIGN: Assessments of safety included a questionnaire of symptoms, clinical examination, blood testing, and electrocardiography at each visit; efficacy was assessed by subjective scores of fatigue and @entity425 ; an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale and functional ability scores, including timed verbal scores; manual muscle testing; grip dynamometry; pulmonary function tests; timed functional tests; and electrophysiological studies. @entity1 : Thirteen subjects with @entity746 and seven subjects with only a lower motor neuron syndrome. MAIN OUTCOMES: Assess tolerability of DAP and determine if there was symptomatic improvement of muscle fatigue. SECONDARY OUTCOME: To determine the effects of DAP on objective parameters of muscle function. RESULTS: The drug was well tolerated with only four subjects reporting tingling of lips and fingers during the active drug period. The subjective scores for fatigue and @entity425 showed a mild improvement after 4 weeks on DAP compared with placebo. A significant benefit of DAP was also demonstrated in the timed verbal scores. CONCLUSION: 3-4 DAP appeared to be safe and produced subjective benefit in @entity4681 . The drug could be added for symptomatic treatment in these diseases. Larger studies are necessary to demonstrate efficacy.

title: Effects of 3-4 diaminopyridine (DAP) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron diseases']

entities_list: @entity63404 :: ('CHEBI:51598', 'Chemical') :: ['diaminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in reducing the risk of @entity548 associated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 158 @entity1 with renal or ureter stones who had undergone mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy were retrospectively enrolled into this study from May of 2011 to April of 2014. Group 1 (65 @entity1 ) underwent computed tomography angiography, and Group 2 (93 @entity1 ) underwent non-contrast CT. The clinical characteristics of the @entity1 and @entity548 were recorded. The hematologic complications (transfusion rate, and preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values) were assessed. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index(BMI), stone diameter, operative time, stone-free rate, and hospital stay between the 2 groups. In group 2, 1 @entity1 (1.1%) developed a @entity8 and was treated with embolus therapy. In addition, Group 2 showed significantly drop in hemoglobin (3.6 g/dL vs. 2.4 g/dL, respectively; P < 0.001) and more transfusions (9.7% vs. 1.5%, respectively; P < 0.05) compared with Group 1. CONCLUSION: The study showed that @entity1 who underwent computed tomography angiography prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy had lower drop of hemoglobin and needed less transfusions. These findings may suggest that the use of computed tomography angiography may reduce the risk of bleeding during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

title: Value of CT angiography in reducing the risk of XXXX associated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease typically characterized by recurrent painful, deep inflammatory nodules of the axillary, breast, groin and gluteal areas. European recommendations are mainly based on expert opinion. Drug treatments are heterogenous (e.g., antibiotics, @entity288 , @entity4878 ) and lack consensus among expert centres. The most severe disease forms or those failing to respond to conventional drugs may be associated with worsened functional prognosis. Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor a (anti- @entity310 ) drugs have been prescribed in these cases. The results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are discordant. Three RCTs concluded to the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA), and two others did not detect any difference between infliximab (IFX) or etanercept (ETA) and placebo. Finally, data from the literature and reported experiences do not conclude on the efficacy of anti- @entity310 drugs for @entity1751 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Anti- XXXX therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa. Results from a national cohort study between 2000 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The platelet storage lesion causes loss of function and viability over time. A new paradigm for platelet storage is desired to enable safer, more effective transfusions while reducing waste. We hypothesized that repletion of @entity4612 , which is chelated by @entity3736 anticoagulant, could reduce platelet storage lesion severity when given in conjunction with storage at a refrigerated temperature. METHODS: Apheresis platelet units were collected from healthy donors and stored at 22  C or 4  C. On Days 0, 2, 4, and 8, samples were collected for analyses of receptor-mediated aggregation, coagulation, adhesion to collagen under flow, and viability. In the first series, samples were given an acute dose of @entity2400 before testing; in the second series, storage bags were supplemented with 0-, 3-, or 6-mM @entity2400 . RESULTS: Acutely delivered @entity2400 induced a more rapid coagulation time in apheresis platelets, further enhanced by storage at 4  C. Platelet adhesion to a collagen surface while exposed to arterial shear rates (920 s) was enhanced by @entity2400 supplementation-acute @entity2400 had a large effect on adhesion of fresh platelets, which diminished more rapidly in 22  C samples, while storage with @entity2400 showed significant benefits even out to Day 4 at both temperatures. Although 4  C storage improves the longevity of @entity1423 responses to agonists, @entity2400 supplementation did not change those responses. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity2400 reduces clot time likely through the transient increase of free @entity9495 . Limited differences between platelet function in acute delivery of and storage with @entity2400 diminish the possibility that @entity4612 -induced metabolic inhibition of platelets synergizes with 4  C storage. Regardless, @entity1760 supplementation to platelets is an exciting possibility in transfusion because the adhesion response of 22  C-stored platelets on Day 4 is significantly enhanced when stored with 6-mM @entity2400 .

title: Both acute delivery of and storage with magnesium sulfate promote XXXX and coagulation function.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['cold-stored platelet aggregation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The determination of the best therapeutic approach in extraperitoneal @entity5 @entity1 is very complex both in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant and the metastatic setting. We tried to identify and summarize the current methods of diagnosis, staging and treatment from a multidisciplinary approach. METHODS: Five sections can be indentified: diagnosis and staging; neoadjuvant treatment; adjuvant treatment; liver metastases treatment and local recurrence therapy Data were collected from international guidelines (NCCN) and MEDLINE search. The main aim was the identification of the beast diagnostic and therapeutic approach in extraperitoneal @entity5 @entity1 in case of local recurrence and @entity3 . RESULTS: Data from 2010 NCCN guidelines and 48 articles published in major international oncologic reviews were collected and evaluated from 1993 up to 2009. Three articles dealt with staging procedures, 24 dealt with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy; 18 were about with liver metastases and 3 about local recurrence treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The correct disease staging is necessary for pursuing the best therapeutic approach and it should involve different radiological techniques in order to evaluate the clinic @entity2802 . Neoadjuvant treatment (chemo-radiotherapy) should be considered for stage II and stage III extraperitoneal @entity5 @entity1 , followed by post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity1 who underwent surgery and have a @entity5 , have to receive four months of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection. Initial treatment options of asymptomatic @entity1 with resectable liver metases include systemic chemotherapy in' order to obtain downstaging of the @entity5 and liver metastase shrinking followed by resection. The treatment of local recurrence is mainly surgical. If not previously administered, radiotherapy represents an alternative therapeutic treatment.

title: [Extraperitoneal XXXX : chemo-radiotherapy treatments].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative stage II or III disease', 'primary tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND To provide a preliminary estimate of efficacy of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) when compared to no-intervention in @entity1 with chronic (>1 year) post- @entity64 @entity2026 in order to plan an appropriately powered @entity23 ( @entity23 ).   MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a pilot single-blinded @entity23 .   24 @entity1 were randomized: 14 to @entity34 and 10 to no-intervention.   @entity34 groups received up to 4 hours/day of intervention for 10 consecutive business days (40 hours or therapy).   Outcomes were assessed within 1 week of intervention and at 1 and 12 weeks after intervention and included several linguistic measures and a measure of overall subjective communication abilities (mini-Communicative Abilities Log (mini-CAL)).   Clinicians treating @entity1 ( @entity34 group) did not communicate with other team members to maintain blinding and the testing team members were blinded to treatment group assignment.   RESULTS Overall, the results of this pilot @entity23 support the results of previous observational studies that @entity34 may lead to improvements in linguistic abilities.   At 12 weeks, the treatment group reported better subjective communication abilities (mini-CAL) than the no-intervention group (p=0.019).   Other measures trended towards better performance in the @entity34 group. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot @entity23 intensive language therapy led to an improvement in subjective language abilities.   The effects demonstrated allow the design of a definitive trial of @entity34 in @entity1 with a variety of post- @entity64 @entity2026 types.   In addition, our experiences have identified important considerations for designing subsequent trial(s) of @entity34 or other interventions for post- @entity64 @entity2026 .

title: Constraint-Induced XXXX Therapy for Treatment of Chronic Post- @entity64 @entity2026 : A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Pilot Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['CIAT', 'constraint-induced aphasia therapy']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Aphasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND To provide a preliminary estimate of efficacy of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) when compared to no-intervention in @entity1 with chronic (>1 year) post- @entity64 @entity2026 in order to plan an appropriately powered @entity23 ( @entity23 ).   MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a pilot single-blinded @entity23 .   24 @entity1 were randomized: 14 to @entity34 and 10 to no-intervention.   @entity34 groups received up to 4 hours/day of intervention for 10 consecutive business days (40 hours or therapy).   Outcomes were assessed within 1 week of intervention and at 1 and 12 weeks after intervention and included several linguistic measures and a measure of overall subjective communication abilities (mini-Communicative Abilities Log (mini-CAL)).   Clinicians treating @entity1 ( @entity34 group) did not communicate with other team members to maintain blinding and the testing team members were blinded to treatment group assignment.   RESULTS Overall, the results of this pilot @entity23 support the results of previous observational studies that @entity34 may lead to improvements in linguistic abilities.   At 12 weeks, the treatment group reported better subjective communication abilities (mini-CAL) than the no-intervention group (p=0.019).   Other measures trended towards better performance in the @entity34 group. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot @entity23 intensive language therapy led to an improvement in subjective language abilities.   The effects demonstrated allow the design of a definitive trial of @entity34 in @entity1 with a variety of post- @entity64 @entity2026 types.   In addition, our experiences have identified important considerations for designing subsequent trial(s) of @entity34 or other interventions for post- @entity64 @entity2026 .

title: Constraint-Induced @entity2026 Therapy for Treatment of Chronic Post- @entity64 XXXX : A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Pilot Trial.

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['Aphasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND To provide a preliminary estimate of efficacy of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) when compared to no-intervention in @entity1 with chronic (>1 year) post- @entity64 @entity2026 in order to plan an appropriately powered @entity23 ( @entity23 ).   MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a pilot single-blinded @entity23 .   24 @entity1 were randomized: 14 to @entity34 and 10 to no-intervention.   @entity34 groups received up to 4 hours/day of intervention for 10 consecutive business days (40 hours or therapy).   Outcomes were assessed within 1 week of intervention and at 1 and 12 weeks after intervention and included several linguistic measures and a measure of overall subjective communication abilities (mini-Communicative Abilities Log (mini-CAL)).   Clinicians treating @entity1 ( @entity34 group) did not communicate with other team members to maintain blinding and the testing team members were blinded to treatment group assignment.   RESULTS Overall, the results of this pilot @entity23 support the results of previous observational studies that @entity34 may lead to improvements in linguistic abilities.   At 12 weeks, the treatment group reported better subjective communication abilities (mini-CAL) than the no-intervention group (p=0.019).   Other measures trended towards better performance in the @entity34 group. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot @entity23 intensive language therapy led to an improvement in subjective language abilities.   The effects demonstrated allow the design of a definitive trial of @entity34 in @entity1 with a variety of post- @entity64 @entity2026 types.   In addition, our experiences have identified important considerations for designing subsequent trial(s) of @entity34 or other interventions for post- @entity64 @entity2026 .

title: Constraint-Induced @entity2026 Therapy for Treatment of Chronic Post- XXXX @entity2026 : A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Pilot Trial.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is associated with less uniform and slower walking in older adults. The effect of age and subclinical @entity528 (a potentially earlier phase of WM @entity2806 ) on walking patterns and speed is less clear. This study examines the effect of age on the associations of regional microstructural WM integrity with walking variability and speed, independent of macrostructural @entity62 . This study involved 493 @entity1 (n   =   51 young; n   =   209 young-old; n   =   233 old-old) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. All completed a 400-meter walk test and underwent a concurrent brain MRI with diffusion tensor imaging. Microstructural WM integrity was measured as fractional anisotropy (FA). Walking variability was measured as trend-adjusted variation in time over ten 40-meter laps ( @entity3813 time variation, LTV). Fast-paced walking speed was assessed as mean @entity3813 time (MLT). Multiple linear regression models of FA predicting LTV and MLT were adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, and WM hyperintensities. Independent of WM hyperintensities, lower FA in the body of the corpus callosum was associated with higher LTV and longer MLT only in the young-old. Lower FA in superior longitudinal, @entity1315 , the anterior limb of the internal capsule, and the anterior corona radiate was associated with longer MLT only in the young-old. While macrostructural @entity62 is known to predict more variable and slower walking in older adults, microstructural WM disruption is independently associated with more variable and slower fast-paced walking only in the young-old. Disrupted regional WM integrity may be a subclinical contributor to abnormal walking at an earlier phase of aging.

title: The effect of age and microstructural white matter integrity on XXXX time variation and fast-paced walking speed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['inferior fronto-occipital, and uncinate fasciculi']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'Macrostructural white matter damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural WM degeneration']

answer: @entity3813 :: (7939,Gene) :: ['lap']


abstract: A neuropathological study was performed on two @entity1 with @entity168 , one male and one female, from different families. They both died at the age of 41 years. Both @entity1 showed increased excretion of free @entity3167 in the urine, @entity1155 starting in the 1st year of life, @entity2055 and @entity508 . Several family members of both families were affected with the same disease indicating the hereditary @entity74 . The neuropathological investigation revealed strikingly similar changes in the two cases. Macroscopically the cerebral white matter was severely reduced. Histologically marked loss of axons and myelin sheaths was accompanied by pronounced astrocytic proliferation. The remaining axons frequently showed @entity4 surrounded by a myelin sheath. The reduction of the number of myelin sheaths seemed proportional to the numerical reduction of axons. Many cortical nerve cells displayed in relation to age an abnormal amount of @entity6973 . @entity3072 were observed in nerve cells of the neo-cortex, nucleus basalis of Meynert and locus ceruleus. Cerebellum showed moderate loss of Purkinje cells. In the spinal cord axonal degeneration was observed in both ascending and descending tracts.

title: Neuropathology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['Salla disease']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ovoid swellings']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity6973 :: ('MESH:D008062', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofuscin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['character of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

answer: @entity168 :: (MESH:D029461,Disease) :: ['Salla disease']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the effects of treating @entity2247 grain with @entity880 (LA) and heat on postprandial dynamics of 19 microbial taxa and fermentation in the rumen of dairy @entity291 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was designed as a double 3 * 3 Latin square with 6 rumen-cannulated @entity291 and three diets either containing untreated control @entity2247 or @entity2247 treated with 1% LA and 1% @entity23838 ( @entity23838 , 55  C). Microbial populations, pH and volatile @entity1718 were assessed in rumen liquid and solids during the postprandial period. @entity4919 increased and @entity4876 decreased in rumen solids of @entity291 fed LA and @entity23838 treated @entity2247 compared to the control @entity2247 . The LA but not @entity23838 treatment depressed @entity15898 in rumen liquid and solids, whereas the opposite effect was observed for @entity8294 in both fractions and @entity39989 in rumen solids. LA promoted Ruminobacter amylophilus with the effect being more pronounced with @entity23838 . The Lactobacillus group and @entity6852 increased in both fractions with LA but not with @entity23838 . CONCLUSIONS: LA and @entity23838 treatment of @entity2247 differently altered ruminal abundance of certain @entity2348 and increased @entity4919 fermentation in rumen solids, whereby LA and @entity23838 effects were consistent and mostly independent of the rumen fraction and time after @entity2247 feeding. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results provided evidence that LA and @entity23838 treatment of @entity2247 can enhance rumen @entity4919 fermentation without adversely affecting rumen pH. As @entity4919 is the major contributor to gluconeogenesis in ruminants, the present @entity2247 treatment may have practical application to enhance energy supply in dairy @entity291 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Microbial populations and fermentation profiles in rumen liquid and solids of Holstein XXXX respond differently to dietary @entity2247 processing.

entities_list: @entity6852 :: ('907', 'Species') :: ['Megasphaera elsdenii']

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate', 'Propionate']

entities_list: @entity39989 :: ('1265', 'Species') :: ['Ruminococcus flavefaciens']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial taxa and fungi']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity8294 :: ('1264', 'Species') :: ['Ruminococcus albus']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity15898 :: ('833', 'Species') :: ['Fibrobacter succinogenes']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the effects of treating @entity2247 grain with @entity880 (LA) and heat on postprandial dynamics of 19 microbial taxa and fermentation in the rumen of dairy @entity291 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was designed as a double 3 * 3 Latin square with 6 rumen-cannulated @entity291 and three diets either containing untreated control @entity2247 or @entity2247 treated with 1% LA and 1% @entity23838 ( @entity23838 , 55  C). Microbial populations, pH and volatile @entity1718 were assessed in rumen liquid and solids during the postprandial period. @entity4919 increased and @entity4876 decreased in rumen solids of @entity291 fed LA and @entity23838 treated @entity2247 compared to the control @entity2247 . The LA but not @entity23838 treatment depressed @entity15898 in rumen liquid and solids, whereas the opposite effect was observed for @entity8294 in both fractions and @entity39989 in rumen solids. LA promoted Ruminobacter amylophilus with the effect being more pronounced with @entity23838 . The Lactobacillus group and @entity6852 increased in both fractions with LA but not with @entity23838 . CONCLUSIONS: LA and @entity23838 treatment of @entity2247 differently altered ruminal abundance of certain @entity2348 and increased @entity4919 fermentation in rumen solids, whereby LA and @entity23838 effects were consistent and mostly independent of the rumen fraction and time after @entity2247 feeding. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results provided evidence that LA and @entity23838 treatment of @entity2247 can enhance rumen @entity4919 fermentation without adversely affecting rumen pH. As @entity4919 is the major contributor to gluconeogenesis in ruminants, the present @entity2247 treatment may have practical application to enhance energy supply in dairy @entity291 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Microbial populations and fermentation profiles in rumen liquid and solids of Holstein @entity291 respond differently to dietary XXXX processing.

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: The introduction of oil-adjuvanted vaccines in salmon aquaculture made large-scale production feasible by reducing the impact of @entity281 . Vaccines given intraperitoneally (ip) contain oil adjuvant such as mineral oil. However, in rodents, a single ip injection of adjuvant @entity7294 oil induces @entity1252 . We have recently reported that @entity792 in farmed salmon, characterized by production of various autoantibodies, immune complex @entity631 , liver @entity715 , and @entity85 , are previously unrecognized side effects of vaccination. In the present study, we examined whether vaccination-induced autoantibody production in farmed @entity12178 is a mere result of polyclonal B-cell activation. Sera were collected from 205 vaccinated and unvaccinated @entity12178 (experimental, 7 farms) and wild salmon. Total IgM levels and autoantibodies to salmon blood cell (SBC) extract in sera were measured by ELISA and the relationship between @entity4754 and autoantibody production was analyzed. Comparison of endpoint titers vs levels/units using a single dilution of sera in detection of autoantibodies to SBC showed near perfect correlation, justifying the use of the latter for screening. Both total IgM and anti-SBC antibodies are increased in vaccinated salmon compared with unvaccinated controls, however, they do not always correlate well when compared between groups or between individuals, suggesting the involvement of antigen-specific mechanisms in the production of anti-SBC autoantibodies. The primary considerations of successful vaccine for aquaculture are cost-effectiveness and safety. Vaccination-induced @entity792 in farmed @entity12178 may have consequences on future vaccine development and salmon farming strategy. Evaluation for @entity7705 and @entity792 should be included as an important trait when vaccine efficacy and safety are evaluated in future.

title: XXXX and autoantibody production induced by vaccination in farmed @entity12178 .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus-like systemic autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity7705 :: ('MESH:C564707', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hypergamamglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity4754 :: (MESH:D006942,Disease) :: ['Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia']


abstract: The introduction of oil-adjuvanted vaccines in salmon aquaculture made large-scale production feasible by reducing the impact of @entity281 . Vaccines given intraperitoneally (ip) contain oil adjuvant such as mineral oil. However, in rodents, a single ip injection of adjuvant @entity7294 oil induces @entity1252 . We have recently reported that @entity792 in farmed salmon, characterized by production of various autoantibodies, immune complex @entity631 , liver @entity715 , and @entity85 , are previously unrecognized side effects of vaccination. In the present study, we examined whether vaccination-induced autoantibody production in farmed @entity12178 is a mere result of polyclonal B-cell activation. Sera were collected from 205 vaccinated and unvaccinated @entity12178 (experimental, 7 farms) and wild salmon. Total IgM levels and autoantibodies to salmon blood cell (SBC) extract in sera were measured by ELISA and the relationship between @entity4754 and autoantibody production was analyzed. Comparison of endpoint titers vs levels/units using a single dilution of sera in detection of autoantibodies to SBC showed near perfect correlation, justifying the use of the latter for screening. Both total IgM and anti-SBC antibodies are increased in vaccinated salmon compared with unvaccinated controls, however, they do not always correlate well when compared between groups or between individuals, suggesting the involvement of antigen-specific mechanisms in the production of anti-SBC autoantibodies. The primary considerations of successful vaccine for aquaculture are cost-effectiveness and safety. Vaccination-induced @entity792 in farmed @entity12178 may have consequences on future vaccine development and salmon farming strategy. Evaluation for @entity7705 and @entity792 should be included as an important trait when vaccine efficacy and safety are evaluated in future.

title: @entity4754 and autoantibody production induced by vaccination in farmed XXXX .

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Atlantic salmon']


abstract: TBK1, also termed NAK or T2K, is a ubiquitous member of the IkB kinase (IKK) family that is required for innate and adaptive immune responses. We have identified and characterized the full-length TBK1 cDNA in @entity7980 . The cod TBK1 gene consists of 2190 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 729 @entity1522 . According to a BLAST search, the cloned TBK1 gene has a high degree of sequence similarity (80.7-92%) to the various members of the TBK1 family, indicating that it is conserved during evolution. RT-PCR showed that the largest quantity of TBK1 transcripts was found in spleen, followed by the liver, gill, head kidney, gut, pyloric caeca, while the expression of TBK1 mRNA in muscle and skin was low. Both @entity4515 , @entity14018 and b-glucan promoted expression of TBK1 transcripts in vivo. Furthermore, we determined an 875 bp sequence upstream of the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) and found a number of sequence motifs that matched known transcription factor-binding sites. Activities of the presumptive regulatory regions of this gene were assessed by transfecting different 5'-deletion constructs in CHSE-214 cells. After the expression experiments, the results showed that the basal promoters and positive transcriptional regulator activities of cod TBK1 gene were dependent by sequences located from -875 to -425 bp and from -245 to +28 bp upstream of @entity1021 . This study provides further insights into the transcriptional regulation of cod TBK1.

title: Cloning, expression analysis and promoter structure of TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) in XXXX ( @entity7980 L.).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcriptional start site', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic cod']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Atlantic cod']


abstract: TBK1, also termed NAK or T2K, is a ubiquitous member of the IkB kinase (IKK) family that is required for innate and adaptive immune responses. We have identified and characterized the full-length TBK1 cDNA in @entity7980 . The cod TBK1 gene consists of 2190 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 729 @entity1522 . According to a BLAST search, the cloned TBK1 gene has a high degree of sequence similarity (80.7-92%) to the various members of the TBK1 family, indicating that it is conserved during evolution. RT-PCR showed that the largest quantity of TBK1 transcripts was found in spleen, followed by the liver, gill, head kidney, gut, pyloric caeca, while the expression of TBK1 mRNA in muscle and skin was low. Both @entity4515 , @entity14018 and b-glucan promoted expression of TBK1 transcripts in vivo. Furthermore, we determined an 875 bp sequence upstream of the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) and found a number of sequence motifs that matched known transcription factor-binding sites. Activities of the presumptive regulatory regions of this gene were assessed by transfecting different 5'-deletion constructs in CHSE-214 cells. After the expression experiments, the results showed that the basal promoters and positive transcriptional regulator activities of cod TBK1 gene were dependent by sequences located from -875 to -425 bp and from -245 to +28 bp upstream of @entity1021 . This study provides further insights into the transcriptional regulation of cod TBK1.

title: Cloning, expression analysis and promoter structure of TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1) in @entity7980 ( XXXX L.).

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity68 burden of carotid atherosclerotic plaques removed from @entity1 treated for @entity66 and find any relation with @entity2104 genotype and other common cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy were included in the study. All @entity1 had high-grade @entity543 (>70%). The clinical characteristics and serum parameters of the study population were recorded and the @entity2104 genotype was determined. The presence of hemosiderin deposits in the plaques was identified using Perl's stain on adjacent serial sections. RESULTS: 70 specimens were processed for histologic examination: 27 plaques from @entity6 @entity1 (16 with the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 genotype and 11 with the Hp 2-2 genotype) and 43 plaques from non @entity6 @entity1 (20 with the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 genotype and 23 with the Hp 2-2 genotype). In plaques from @entity6 @entity1 the density of Perl's @entity68 stain was significantly higher in the Hp 2-2 group compared with that in the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 group (p = 0.008). The correlation and regression analysis of all possible clinical and laboratory predictors of intraplaque @entity68 deposition showed that four factors were independently associated with intraplaque @entity68 deposition: male gender, serum @entity1255 , Hp 2-2 genotype and @entity6 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Male @entity6 @entity1 with increased plasma levels of @entity1255 and the Hp 2-2 genotype had higher carotid plaque @entity68 deposition. Current evidence and pathophysiological considerations suggest that the increased intraplaque @entity68 deposition may be associated with increased oxidative stress, affecting the stability of the carotid plaque.

title: Association of XXXX genotype and common cardiovascular risk factors with the amount of @entity68 in atherosclerotic carotid plaques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity2104 :: (3240,Gene) :: ['haptoglobin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity68 burden of carotid atherosclerotic plaques removed from @entity1 treated for @entity66 and find any relation with @entity2104 genotype and other common cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy were included in the study. All @entity1 had high-grade @entity543 (>70%). The clinical characteristics and serum parameters of the study population were recorded and the @entity2104 genotype was determined. The presence of hemosiderin deposits in the plaques was identified using Perl's stain on adjacent serial sections. RESULTS: 70 specimens were processed for histologic examination: 27 plaques from @entity6 @entity1 (16 with the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 genotype and 11 with the Hp 2-2 genotype) and 43 plaques from non @entity6 @entity1 (20 with the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 genotype and 23 with the Hp 2-2 genotype). In plaques from @entity6 @entity1 the density of Perl's @entity68 stain was significantly higher in the Hp 2-2 group compared with that in the Hp 1-1 or 2-1 group (p = 0.008). The correlation and regression analysis of all possible clinical and laboratory predictors of intraplaque @entity68 deposition showed that four factors were independently associated with intraplaque @entity68 deposition: male gender, serum @entity1255 , Hp 2-2 genotype and @entity6 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Male @entity6 @entity1 with increased plasma levels of @entity1255 and the Hp 2-2 genotype had higher carotid plaque @entity68 deposition. Current evidence and pathophysiological considerations suggest that the increased intraplaque @entity68 deposition may be associated with increased oxidative stress, affecting the stability of the carotid plaque.

title: Association of @entity2104 genotype and common cardiovascular risk factors with the amount of XXXX in atherosclerotic carotid plaques.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: In the present study, we evaluated the diameter of internal acoustic canal in @entity1 with @entity4401 to investigate the role of anatomical differences of the temporal bone in etiology of @entity4401 . Sixty-four @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity4401 and temporal bone computed tomography imagings of them were included into the study group (Group 1). The control group (Group 2) was consisted of 35 healthy subjects without @entity4401 . All @entity1 had temporal bone computed tomography imaging. The internal auditory canal inlet, mid-canal, outlet and canal lengths were measured at the most distinctive @entity2103 . In the study group, @entity4401 was on the right side in 26 @entity1 (40.6  %) and on the left side in 38 @entity1 (59.4  %). Initial House-Brackmann (HB) score was @entity3587 in 29 @entity1 (45.3  %), @entity47597 in 18 @entity1 (28.1  %), @entity16920 in 13 @entity1 (20.3  %) and @entity37936 in 4 @entity1 (6.2  %). At 6-month evaluation, HB-score of the @entity1 were @entity4178 in 37 @entity1 (57.8  %), @entity3587 in 25 @entity1 (39.1  %) and @entity47597 in 2 @entity1 (3.1  %). Internal auditory canal (IAC) measurements of the groups showed that there were no significant differences between the measurements of right-mid canal, right canal length; and left canal outlet and left canal length of the study and control groups. Right inlet and outlet; and left inlet and mid-canal values of the study group ( @entity4401 ) were significantly lower than those of the control group. In @entity4401 group, left inlet, outlet and canal length values were significantly higher than those of the right ones. Correlation analysis showed that there were no significant correlation between @entity912 side; initial HB stage; and IAC measurement results. In @entity1 with higher initial HB score, their 6-month later HB-score was also higher. In @entity1 with higher 6-month HB score; R canal inlet, R mid-canal, L-canal inlet, and L-mid canal values were lower. Lower IAC inlet and mid-canal values were detected in @entity1 with @entity4401 . Therefore narrow IAC inlet and mid-canal values may be one of the risk factors for @entity4401 .

title: Is There a Relationship Between XXXX and Internal Auditory Canal?

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ['Bells Palsy', "Bell's palsy", 'Bells palsy', "Bell's Palsy"]

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['cross-section of the seventh and eighth cranial nerves bifurcation']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's Palsy']


abstract: Nodular regenerative @entity1373 is a histopathological diagnosis characterized by the diffuse transformation of the liver parenchyma into regenerative nodules associated with rheumatologic and @entity1503 , @entity500 immunosuppression or @entity1317 . The authors report the case of a 60-year-old female @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity262 submitted to liver transplantation complicated by a @entity715 . A second liver transplant was performed and after 6 months she developed @entity843 and peripheral @entity4 . The abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed an @entity6323 . She underwent balloon angioplasty and an endovascular prosthesis was placed. The @entity1 remained asymptomatic under immunosuppression with tacrolymus for 4 years, when she complained of peripheral @entity4 and @entity843 . Laboratory work-up showed @entity417 and @entity4988 with liver chemistry within the normal range. The @entity843 fluid analysis revealed a serum @entity843 albumin gradient superior to 1.1 g/L. Abdominal Doppler ultrasound and abdominopelvic CT angiogram confirmed endovascular prosthesis permeability. A percutaneous hepatic biopsy specimen was taken and histologic analysis showed, with reticulin stain, focal regenerative nodules of @entity5072 hepatocytes and internodular hepatocyte atrophy, compatible with the diagnosis of @entity4383 . The case described is of particular interest as the @entity4383 occurred after liver transplantation complicated with @entity6323 , which might have contributed in a crucial way to liver parenchyma transformation.

title: XXXX after Liver Transplantation Complicated with Inferior Vena Cava Stenosis: a Clue for Etiopathogenesis?

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava stenosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['familial systemic paramyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular regenerative hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

answer: @entity4383 :: (MESH:D020518,Disease) :: ['Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy is apparently an insufficient treatment for some @entity1 with mood or @entity148 . In this study the effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapies was compared with that of psychoanalysis. METHODS: A total of 326 @entity146 outpatients with mood or @entity148 were randomly assigned to solution-focused therapy, short-term psychodynamic and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapies. Additionally, 41 @entity1 suitable for psychoanalysis were included in the study. The @entity1 were followed from the start of the treatment and assessed 9 times during a 5-year follow-up. The primary outcome measures on symptoms were the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, and the Symptom Check List, @entity148 scale. Primary work ability and functional capacity measures were the Work Ability Index, the Work-subscale of the Social Adjustment Scale, and the Perceived Psychological Functioning Scale. RESULTS: A reduction in @entity146 symptoms and improvement in work ability and functional capacity was noted in all treatment groups during the 5-year follow-up. The short-term therapies were more effective than psychoanalysis during the first year, whereas the long-term therapy was more effective after 3years of follow-up. Psychoanalysis was most effective at the 5-year follow-up, which also marked the end of the psychoanalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotherapy gives faster benefits than psychoanalysis, but in the long run psychoanalysis seems to be more effective. Results from trials, among @entity1 suitable for psychoanalysis and with longer follow-up, are needed before firm conclusions about the relative effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in the treatment of mood and @entity148 can be drawn.

title: Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, long-term and short-term psychotherapy on XXXX symptoms, work ability and functional capacity during a 5-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present the main results of the 2011-2012 survey of the Italian screening programmes for @entity14 carried out by the National centre for screening monitoring (Osservatorio nazionale screening, ONS) on behalf of the Ministry of Health. By the end of 2012, 112 programmes were active, of which 11 had been activated during 2012 and 4 during 2011. The national theoretical extension increased from 66% of Italians aged 50-69 years residing in areas covered by organized screening programmes in 2010 to 73.7% in 2012. The majority of programmes employ the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), while some have adopted flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) once in a lifetime and FIT for non-responders to FS. Overall, about 7,744,000 subjects were invited to undergo FIT, 53.1% of those to be invited within the two years. The adjusted attendance rate was 47.1%and 3,531,937 subjects were screened. Large differences in the attendance rate were observed among regions. Positivity rate of FIT programmes was 5.2% at first screening (range: 1.0-12.4%) and 4.0% at repeat screening (range: 3.4-6.4%). The average attendance rate to total colonoscopy (TC) was 81.2% and in two regions (Molise and Campania) it was lower than 70%. Completion rate for total colonoscopy (TC) was 91%. Among the 1,316,327 subjects attending screening for the first time, the detection rate (DR) per 1,000 screened subjects was 2.0 for @entity3 and 9.1    for advanced @entity652 ( @entity5066 , @entity652 with a diameter >= 1 cm, with villous/tubulo-villous type or high-grade @entity1141 ). As expected, the corresponding figures in the 2,215,610 subjects at repeat screening were lower (1.0   and 6.8   for @entity3 and @entity5066 , respectively). Many programmes reported some difficulties in guaranteeing TC in the appropriate time frame to FIT+ subjects: in 15% of cases the waiting time was longer than two months. Ten programmes in 2011 and eight in 2012 employed FS as the screening test: 24,549 subjects were screened in the two years, with an attendance rate of 24.5%. Overall, 85.9% of FSs were classified as complete. Overall, TC referral rate was 9.8% and the DR per 1,000 screened subjects was 3.0 and 48.2 for @entity3 and @entity5066 , respectively.

title: Screening for XXXX in Italy: 2011-2012 survey.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify geographical differences in mortality from @entity1575 in @entity1 living in the province of Zaragoza, Spain, as well as its possible association with socioeconomic factors. The utility of the MEDEA project's deprivation index in rural areas was also explored. METHODS: Census tracts were used in Zaragoza city as analysis units and municipalities were used for the rest of the province. Crude and smoothed standardized mortality ratios were calculated for each analysis unit through a Bayesian generalized mixed linear model. A deprivation index was obtained and was included in the model in quartiles. An exploratory analysis was also conducted, including a rural index in the province of Zaragoza. RESULTS: In Zaragoza city, mortality from @entity1575 and other chronic @entity409 [code 571 of the 9th @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and K70, @entity37891 .1, @entity73289 , @entity73290 , @entity65288 .1.9 of the @entity66 -10] increased as the deprivation index increased. Mortality in the most deprived areas was twice that in the less deprived areas (relative risk [RR] 2.09, credible interval (CI): 1.53-2.83). In the rest of the province, geographical differences in mortality could not be explained by the deprivation index used. Nevertheless, municipalities with the highest values in the rural index showed a RR of 0.47 (CI: 0.18-0.92) compared with those with the lowest values. CONCLUSIONS: In Zaragoza city, mortality from @entity1575 and other chronic @entity409 was higher in the most deprived census tracts than in the most affluent areas. This association was not found in the rest of the province, probably because of the low variability explained by the deprivation index. Municipalities with high rural values had the lowest risk of death from these diseases.

title: [ @entity1 inequalities and XXXX mortality (Zaragoza, Spain, 1996-2003)].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'International Classification of Diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify geographical differences in mortality from @entity1575 in @entity1 living in the province of Zaragoza, Spain, as well as its possible association with socioeconomic factors. The utility of the MEDEA project's deprivation index in rural areas was also explored. METHODS: Census tracts were used in Zaragoza city as analysis units and municipalities were used for the rest of the province. Crude and smoothed standardized mortality ratios were calculated for each analysis unit through a Bayesian generalized mixed linear model. A deprivation index was obtained and was included in the model in quartiles. An exploratory analysis was also conducted, including a rural index in the province of Zaragoza. RESULTS: In Zaragoza city, mortality from @entity1575 and other chronic @entity409 [code 571 of the 9th @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and K70, @entity37891 .1, @entity73289 , @entity73290 , @entity65288 .1.9 of the @entity66 -10] increased as the deprivation index increased. Mortality in the most deprived areas was twice that in the less deprived areas (relative risk [RR] 2.09, credible interval (CI): 1.53-2.83). In the rest of the province, geographical differences in mortality could not be explained by the deprivation index used. Nevertheless, municipalities with the highest values in the rural index showed a RR of 0.47 (CI: 0.18-0.92) compared with those with the lowest values. CONCLUSIONS: In Zaragoza city, mortality from @entity1575 and other chronic @entity409 was higher in the most deprived census tracts than in the most affluent areas. This association was not found in the rest of the province, probably because of the low variability explained by the deprivation index. Municipalities with high rural values had the lowest risk of death from these diseases.

title: [ XXXX inequalities and @entity1575 mortality (Zaragoza, Spain, 1996-2003)].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the value of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCEU) in assessing microcirculation of @entity14 and to describe the perfusion features of the @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: DCEUS was performed in 42 @entity1 with @entity420 . The time-intensity curve parameters ( @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ), peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC)) within the @entity5 were extracted. The parameters were compared among the @entity5 with different CEUS features and stages. RESULTS: The mean values of @entity1054 , @entity1054 , PI and AUC of the @entity14 were 13.68  13.36s, 32.61  19.56s, 19.82  16.54dB and 271.10  159.19dBs, respectively. In the @entity420 with @entity39 , the mean values of AUC was significantly lower than that of the @entity420 without (231.10  219.27dBs, 278.10  123.20dBs, p=0.004). In the @entity420 with @entity39 , the AUC and PI of the non-necrotic part were significantly higher than that of the necrotic part (p=0.007, 0.0025, respectively). AUC increased progressively in the subgroups of T2, T3 and T4 and the difference of AUC between T2 and T4 subgroup was significant (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a valuable technique for quantifying @entity5 vascularity of @entity14 . AUC was significantly different in the subgroups of different T stage. AUC and PI could reflect the different perfusion status of @entity5 with or without @entity39 .

title: Features of time-intensity curve parameters of XXXX evaluated by double-contrast enhanced ultrasonography: initial observation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time-to-peak', 'AT', 'arrival time']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: The validity of self-report in @entity988 treatment research is controversial. Our recently completed Veterans Administration Cooperative Study evaluating the efficacy of @entity9853 treatment for @entity988 provided an opportunity to assess the validity of self-report. To assess treatment response, @entity1 and household contacts were interviewed at seven scheduled points during the 1 year of follow-up. Blood specimens also were obtained from the @entity1 at these times and were analyzed for @entity1068 . Eighty-eight percent of the @entity1 and/or collateral interviews were obtained at 6 months and 90% at 1 year. The mean number of blood and urine specimens collected per @entity1 was 4.3 and 14.4, respectively. Outcome criteria included continuous abstinence during the year and total number of drinking days. Continuous abstinence: If we had had only the @entity1 ' self reports, we would have significantly underestimated the percentage of @entity1 who drank. By self-report 58.7% (355/605) relapsed whereas the combination of self report, collaterals' reports, and laboratory tests indicated that 72.4% (438/605) drank (p less than 0.001). Using Bayes' theorem, the conditional probability that a @entity1 is continuously abstinent for 1 year when he so claims is 65%. Total drinking days: Of the 213 @entity1 -collateral pairs each of whom provided all seven scheduled interviews, 46.9% (100/213) agreed on the total number of drinking days during the year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Validity of self-report in XXXX research: results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfiram']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal @entity33 is a frequently encountered side effect in oncology @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy. No well-established or up to date therapeutic strategies are available. To study a novel way to alleviate @entity33 , we investigate the effects and safety of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating @entity1487 -induced @entity33 in a @entity19 model. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity19 were injected saline or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) intraperitoneally daily. @entity19 were either orally administrated daily saline, probiotic suspension of @entity9206 casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) or @entity9206 and @entity1335 (LaBi). @entity294 score, pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels, intestinal villus height and crypt depth and total RNA from tissue were assessed. Samples of blood, liver and spleen tissues were assessed for translocation. RESULTS: Marked diarrhea developed in the @entity1487 groups but was attenuated after oral Lcr35 and LaBi administrations. @entity294 scores decreased significantly from 2.64 to 1.45 and 0.80, respectively (P<0.001). Those @entity19 in @entity1487 groups had significantly higher proinflammatory cytokine levels ( @entity637 : 234.80 vs. 29.10, P<0.001, @entity777 : 25.13 vs. 7.43, P<0.001, IFN-y: 22.07 vs. 17.06, P = 0.137). A repairing of @entity16 was observed following probiotics administration. We also found @entity637 , @entity635 and @entity777 mRNA expressions were up-regulated in @entity33 tissues following @entity1487 treatment ( @entity637 : 4.35 vs. 1.18, @entity635 : 2.29 vs. 1.07, @entity777 : 1.49 vs. 1.02) and that probiotics treatment suppressed this up-regulation (P<0.05). No bacterial translocation was found in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results show that oral administration of probiotics Lcr35 and LaBi can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in a @entity19 model. This suggests probiotics may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention or management of chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in the future.

title: Amelioration of Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal XXXX by Orally Administered Probiotics in a @entity19 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage in jejunal villi']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity1335 :: ('1681', 'Species') :: ['Bifidobacterium bifidum']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['Mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Intestinal @entity33 is a frequently encountered side effect in oncology @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy. No well-established or up to date therapeutic strategies are available. To study a novel way to alleviate @entity33 , we investigate the effects and safety of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating @entity1487 -induced @entity33 in a @entity19 model. METHODS: Seventy-two @entity19 were injected saline or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) intraperitoneally daily. @entity19 were either orally administrated daily saline, probiotic suspension of @entity9206 casei variety rhamnosus (Lcr35) or @entity9206 and @entity1335 (LaBi). @entity294 score, pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels, intestinal villus height and crypt depth and total RNA from tissue were assessed. Samples of blood, liver and spleen tissues were assessed for translocation. RESULTS: Marked diarrhea developed in the @entity1487 groups but was attenuated after oral Lcr35 and LaBi administrations. @entity294 scores decreased significantly from 2.64 to 1.45 and 0.80, respectively (P<0.001). Those @entity19 in @entity1487 groups had significantly higher proinflammatory cytokine levels ( @entity637 : 234.80 vs. 29.10, P<0.001, @entity777 : 25.13 vs. 7.43, P<0.001, IFN-y: 22.07 vs. 17.06, P = 0.137). A repairing of @entity16 was observed following probiotics administration. We also found @entity637 , @entity635 and @entity777 mRNA expressions were up-regulated in @entity33 tissues following @entity1487 treatment ( @entity637 : 4.35 vs. 1.18, @entity635 : 2.29 vs. 1.07, @entity777 : 1.49 vs. 1.02) and that probiotics treatment suppressed this up-regulation (P<0.05). No bacterial translocation was found in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results show that oral administration of probiotics Lcr35 and LaBi can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in a @entity19 model. This suggests probiotics may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention or management of chemotherapy-induced @entity33 in the future.

title: Amelioration of Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal @entity33 by Orally Administered Probiotics in a XXXX Model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in @entity85 ( @entity85 ) surgery. METHODS @entity1 undergoing single-stay @entity85 reconstructions were identified in a multicenter database. @entity1 were divided into groups according to PABD (either PABD or NoPABD). Propensity weighting was used to create matched cohorts of PABD and NoPABD @entity1 . Allogeneic (ALLO) exposure, autologous (AUTO) wastage (unused AUTO), and complication rates were compared between groups. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-eight @entity1 were identified as meeting eligibility criteria. Sixty @entity1 were treated with PABD, of whom 50 were matched to 50 @entity1 who were not treated with PABD (NoPABD). Nearly one-third of @entity1 in the PABD group (18/60, 30%) did not receive any autologous transfusion and donated blood was wasted. In 6 of these cases (6/60, 10%), @entity1 received ALLO blood transfusions without AUTO. In 9 cases (9/60, 15%), @entity1 received ALLO and AUTO blood transfusions. Overall rates of transfusion of any type were similar between groups (PABD 70% [42/60], NoPABD 75% [275/368], p = 0.438). Major and minor in-hospital complications were similar between groups (Major PABD 10% [6/60], NoPABD 12% [43/368], p = 0.537; Minor PABD 30% [18/60], NoPABD 24% [87/368], p = 0.499). When controlling for potential confounders, PABD @entity1 were more likely to receive some transfusion (OR 15.1, 95% CI 2.1-106.7). No relationship between PABD and ALLO blood exposure was observed, however, refuting the concept that PABD is protective against ALLO blood exposure. In the matched cohorts, PABD @entity1 were more likely to sustain a major perioperative @entity299 (PABD 8/50 [16%], NoPABD 1/50 [2%], p = 0.046). No differences in rates of @entity2737 were observed between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative autologous blood donation was associated with a higher probability of perioperative transfusions of any type in @entity1 with @entity85 . No protective effect of PABD against ALLO blood exposure was observed, and no risk of perioperative @entity166 complications was observed in @entity1 exposed to ALLO blood only. The benefit of PABD in @entity1 with @entity85 remains undefined.

title: Effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation for protection against allogeneic blood exposure in XXXX surgeries: a propensity-matched cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infection or wound-healing complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['adult spinal deformity', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['adult spinal deformity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondria have been proposed as the major source of reactive @entity26 species in somatic cells and @entity1 spermatozoa. However, no data regarding the role of mitochondrial ROS production in stallion spermatozoa are available. To shed light on the role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the origin of oxidative stress in stallion spermatozoa, specific inhibitors of complex I ( @entity3788 ) and III ( @entity11382 -A) were used. Ejaculates from seven Andalusian stallions were collected and incubated in BWW media at 37  C in the presence of @entity3788 , @entity8581 or control vehicle. Incubation in the presence of these inhibitors reduced sperm motility and velocity ( @entity13389 analysis) (p<0.01), but the effect was more evident in the presence of @entity3788 (a complex I inhibitor). These inhibitors also decreased @entity855 content. The inhibition of complexes I and III decreased the production of reactive @entity26 species (p<0.01) as assessed by flow cytometry after staining with CellRox deep red. This observation suggests that the CellRox probe mainly identifies @entity224 and that @entity224 production may reflect intense mitochondrial activity rather than oxidative stress. The inhibition of complex I resulted in increased @entity273 production (p<0.01). The inhibition of glycolysis resulted in reduced sperm velocities (p<0.01) without an effect on the percentage of total motile sperm. Weak and moderate (but statistically significant) positive correlations were observed between sperm motility, velocity and membrane integrity and the production of reactive @entity26 species. These results indicate that stallion sperm rely heavily on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for the production of @entity855 for motility but also require glycolysis to maintain high velocities. These data also indicate that increased @entity273 originating in the mitochondria is a mechanism involved in stallion sperm senescence.

title: Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex I Leads to Decreased Motility and Membrane Integrity Related to Increased XXXX and Reduced @entity855 Production, while the Inhibition of Glycolysis Has Less Impact on Sperm Motility.

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin-A']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity11382 :: ('MESH:C032456', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Peroxide']