abstract: AIMS: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) uses ultrasound energy to selectively deliver genes into the myocardium using plasmids conjugated to microbubbles. We hypothesized that repeated delivery of stem cell-mobilizing genes could boost the ability of this therapy to enhance cardiac repair and ventricular function after a @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Beginning 7 days after coronary artery ligation, @entity7418 ( @entity7418 ) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1a genes were administered to adult @entity35 using 1, 3, or 6 UTMD treatments (repeat 1, 3, and 6 groups) at 2-day intervals (control=6 treatments with empty plasmid). Cardiac function (echocardiography) and myocardial perfusion (myocardial contrast echocardiography) were assessed on Days -7, 0, and 24 relative to the first treatment. Histological and biochemical assessments were performed on Day 24. Multiple UTMD treatments were associated with an increased presence of myocardial @entity7418 and SDF-1a proteins and their receptors (vs. control and Repeat 1). All UTMD recipients exhibited increased vascular densities and smaller @entity1188 regions (vs. control), with the highest ventricular densities in response to multiple treatments. Myocardial perfusion and ventricular function at Day 24 also improved progressively (vs. control) with the number of UTMD treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted ultrasound delivery of @entity7418 and SDF-1a genes to the infarcted myocardium recruited progenitor cells and increased vascular density. Multiple UTMD treatments enhanced tissue repair, perfusion, and cardiac function. Repeated UTMD therapy may be applied to tailor the number of interventions required to optimize cardiac regeneration after an @entity1188 .

title: Repeated and targeted transfer of angiogenic plasmids into the infarcted XXXX heart via ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction enhances cardiac repair.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is estimated that disease burden due to low fruit and vegetable consumption is higher in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) than any other parts of the world. However, no large scale studies have investigated the association between fruit and vegetable (F_V) intake and mortality in these regions yet. DESIGN: The Health, @entity285 and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study is a prospective cohort study with @entity1 recruited from the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. METHODS: Dietary data was collected using food frequency questionnaire. Mortality data was ascertained through linkage with @entity204 registers. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression models. RESULTS: Among 19,333 disease-free @entity1 at baseline, 1314 died over the mean follow-up of 7.1 years. After multivariable adjustment, we found statistically significant inverse association between cohort-specific quartiles of F_V intake and @entity64 mortality: the highest vs lowest quartile hazard ratio (HR) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.98). For total mortality, significant interaction (p   =   0.008) between F_V intake and smoking was found. The associations were statistically significant in smokers, with HR 0.70 (0.53-0.91, p for trend: 0.011) for total mortality, and 0.62 (0.40-0.97, p for trend: 0.037) for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) mortality. The association was appeared to be mediated by blood pressure, and F_V intake explained a considerable proportion of the mortality differences between the Czech and Russian cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increasing F_V intake may reduce @entity65 mortality in CEE and FSU, particularly among smokers and @entity101 individuals.

title: Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality in Eastern Europe: Longitudinal results from the Health, XXXX and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It was recently demonstrated that adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE) complicate a high proportion of hospitalizations for @entity1 with acute drug @entity1445 . The aim of this study was to derive independent clinical risk factors for ACVE in @entity1 with acute drug @entity1445 . METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted over 3 years at two urban university hospitals. @entity1 were adults with acute drug @entity1445 enrolled from the ED. In-hospital ACVE was defined as any of @entity296 , shock, @entity943 , or @entity1167 . RESULTS: There were 1,562 @entity1 meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria (mean age, 41.8 years; female, 46%; suicidal, 38%). ACVE occurred in 82 (5.7%) @entity1 ( @entity296 , 61; shock, 37; @entity943 , 23; cardiac arrests, 22) and there were 18 (1.2%) deaths. On univariate analysis, ACVE risk increased with age, lower serum @entity3157 , @entity1162 , prior @entity299 , and @entity1032 . In a multivariable model adjusting for these factors as well as @entity1 sex and hospital site, independent predictors were: QTc > 500 msec (3.8% prevalence, odds ratio [OR]  = 27.6), @entity3157 < 20 mEq/L (5.4% prevalence, OR  = 4.4), and prior @entity299 (7.1% prevalence, OR  = 9.5). The derived prediction rule had 51.6% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity, and 97.1% negative predictive value, while presence of two or more risk factors had 90.9% positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: The authors derived independent clinical risk factors for ACVE in @entity1 with @entity1445 , which should be validated in future studies as a prediction rule in distinct @entity1 populations and clinical settings.

title: Clinical Risk Factors for In-hospital Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Acute Drug XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'ventricular dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['acute drug overdose', 'overdoses']

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['Overdose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity627 in rural and urban populations using the WHO-ILAR COPCORD questionnaire. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional home survey in subjects > 18 years of age in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. Results were validated locally against physical examination in positive cases according to an operational definition by 2 rheumatologists. We used a random, balanced, and stratified sample by region of representative subjects. RESULTS: We surveyed 4713 individuals with a mean age of 43.6 years (SD 17.3); 55.9% were @entity1 and 87.1% were from urban areas. Excluding @entity130 , 1278 individuals (27.1%, 95% CI 25.8%-28.4%) reported @entity4512 in the last 7 days; the prevalence of this variable was almost twice as frequent in @entity1 (33% vs 17% in @entity1 ); 529 (11.2%) had @entity158 associated with @entity130 . The global prevalence of @entity158 was 38.3%. Mean @entity158 score was 2.4 (SD 3.4) on a @entity158 scale of 0-10. Most subjects classified as positive according to case definition (99%) were evaluated by a rheumatologist. Main diagnoses were @entity571 in 17.3% (95% CI 16.2-18.4), back @entity158 in 9.8% (95% CI 9.0-10.7), undifferentiated @entity625 in 2.4% (95% CI 2.0-2.9), @entity309 in 0.4% (95% CI 0.2-0.6), @entity239 in 0.8% (95% CI 0.6-1.1), and gout in 0.3% (95% CI 0.1-0.5). CONCLUSION: This is the first regional COPCORD study in Mexico performed with a systematic sampling, showing a high prevalence of @entity158 . COPCORD is a useful tool for the early detection of @entity627 as well as for accurately referring @entity1 to different medical care centers and to reduce underreporting of @entity627 .

title: Epidemiology of XXXX . A community-based study in urban and rural populations in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Malnutrition in elderly @entity1 is common in hospitals, and many of the age associated @entity102 have a common factor, which is oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status, @entity2041 , and oxidant status of elderly @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) was used to determine the nutritional status of elderly @entity1 . @entity2041 concentration in the whole blood, plasma albumin, and @entity4466 -reactive substances (TBARS) levels was measured spectrophotometrically by the enzymatic recycling method. In addition, length of hospital stay was estimated. All measurements were taken within 48 h after admission. RESULTS: The results showed that more than two-thirds of the elderly were classified as at risk of @entity3147 and malnourished. About 45% and 53% elevation in the TBARS was found in at risk of being malnourished and in the malnourished groups, respectively, compared to the well-nourished group, but the elevation did not reach the significant level. No significant differences in the @entity2041 concentration and in the length of hospital stay were found among the three mini-nutritional assessment categories. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated the necessity of performing the MNA test for elderly upon admission to hospitals, and more attention needs to be paid to this vulnerable group of @entity1 .

title: The nutritional, XXXX and oxidant status of elderly subjects admitted to a university hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to investigate whether the effects of major risk factors for @entity385 were modified by long-term exposure to air pollution in Scania, southern Sweden. METHODS: Cases were defined as first-ever @entity385 in @entity1 born between 1923 and 1965 during 2001-2006 (n = 7,244). Data were collected from The Swedish National @entity64 Register (Riks- @entity64 ) and the Malm   and Lund @entity64 Registers. Population controls were matched on age and sex. Modeled outdoor annual mean NO(x) concentrations were used as proxy for long-term exposure to air pollution. Heterogeneity across NO(x) categories was tested for smoking, @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity955 and physical inactivity. Data were analyzed as case-control data and to some extent as case-only data, with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The case-control odds ratios for @entity385 in association with @entity6 were 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-1.6] and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2-3.4) in the lowest and highest NO(x) category, respectively (p value for testing heterogeneity across the categories = 0.056). The case-only approach gave further support for the risk associated with @entity6 to increase with NO(x) (p for trend = 0.033). We observed no main effect of mean NO(x) or any conclusive effect modifications between NO(x) and smoking, @entity101 , @entity955 or physical inactivity. CONCLUSIONS: In a low-level air pollution area, the risk for @entity385 associated with @entity6 seemed to increase with long-term exposure to air pollution.

title: Hospital admissions for XXXX : does long-term exposure to air pollution interact with major risk factors?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity731 ( @entity731 ) are at increased risk of @entity299 because of associated @entity101 , @entity453 , @entity712 and @entity740 . Although suggested to be beneficial, the cardiac effects of renal artery revascularization have not been well characterized. Our aim was to analyze the effects of percutaneous dilatation of @entity2791 ( @entity2791 ) in @entity731 @entity1 on coronary and peripheral vascular function. METHODS: Nineteen @entity731 @entity1 [11 females and 8 males, age at study entry (mean    SD) 69    10 years] were treated by dilatation of unilateral (n = 9) or bilateral (n = 10) @entity2791 , mainly because of uncontrolled or refractory @entity101 . The @entity1 were studied before and after the procedure (103    29 days). They underwent echocardiography and peripheral artery endothelial function testing using @entity384 ( @entity384 ) of brachial artery at rest and during reactive @entity450 . Myocardial blood flow was measured using quantitative PET perfusion imaging at baseline and during @entity4341 -induced @entity450 . RESULTS: Peripheral endothelial function, tested by @entity384 , as well as systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass were improved in @entity1 with bilateral @entity2791 . However, myocardial perfusion and coronary flow reserve (CFR) did not change after the @entity2791 dilatation. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to analyze the stage of myocardial perfusion and CFR in @entity731 @entity1 . Although peripheral endothelial function, systolic blood pressure and @entity4346 were improved in @entity1 with bilateral @entity2791 by revascularization of @entity2791 , it did not have any effect on coronary perfusion.

title: The effect of revascularization of XXXX on coronary flow reserve and peripheral endothelial function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['ARVD', 'atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity11460 preceded by urinary disturbance for over 20 years was reported. A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of urinary disturbance and @entity551 . At the age of 19 she developed urinary disturbance with @entity2011 and retention. These symptoms were getting worse with years, and at the age of 33 she was diagnosed to have @entity1494 of uninhibited type. During her hospital course her symptom became worse, and by the age of 42 she showed marked @entity4653 , disturbance of smooth pursuit eye movement, @entity4820 , marked @entity2003 and @entity400 of four extremities, generalized @entity427 , marked limb and @entity2055 , @entity1494 and @entity551 . Serial brain CT scan revealed progressive brain stem and @entity76 with clinical course. Severe @entity16 were also documented. She died of @entity1576 at the age of 43. On autopsy, brain stem and cerebellum showed marked @entity194 macroscopically. Microscopically marked depletion of neuron was seen in the substantia nigra, pontine nuclei, inferior olive, Purkinje cells, the intermediolateral column of spinal cord and Onuf's nucleus of S2. Although numerous cases of @entity11460 have been reported in the past, there is no case which developed this syndrome after urinary disturbance of over 20 year's duration. We should be alert to observe the cases with longstanding urinary disturbances in order to not overlook @entity179 as exemplified in this case.

title: [An autopsy case of XXXX preceded by a urinary disturbance for over 20 years].

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']


abstract: We reported a case of @entity195 , @entity195 , with groping in response to a visual stimulus ("visual groping"). T.S. was a right-handed @entity1 , 69 years old. In the beginning she displayed "visual groping" of the right hand, besides @entity2026 , lowered registration and Casteigne's "Motor neglect" of the right upper extremity. As the disease progressed, "visual groping" of the left hand developed, followed by "forced grasping" of the left hand. When the @entity1 was 62 years old, she first showed decreased volition and lowered registration. Later poor finger movement and lessened speech were marked. At the age of 69, she was admitted to our hospital with @entity2026 and reduced registration. The @entity1 showed preservation in naming and drawing tests. She also displayed a "visual groping" phenomenon of the right hand. This phenomenon was revealed when an examiner displayed something about 50 cm in front of the @entity1 , and then she extended the upper extremity gropingly. We considered this phenomenon as "groping in response to a visual stimulus" of Denny-Brown. At the same time, the motor or praxic disorder of this @entity1 consisted of paucity of movement. When she was told to imitate, her right upper extremity was hardly utilized, although later movements could be realized by her practice. When she was told to pour water from one glass into another, she used her left hand, although she used her right hand for spontaneous actions. So we considered this @entity1742 as a motor neglect of Casteigne.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The groping phenomena in a case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['dyspraxia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type', 'senile dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: although recent studies have suggested that @entity32 may play an important role in the process of ageing and in the development of disabilities, knowledge about the role of @entity32 in physical performance decline among middle-aged and older @entity1 in the context of developing countries is limited. OBJECTIVES: to examine the association between @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and the activities of daily living (ADL) among middle-aged (40-54 years old) and older (55-96 years old) @entity1 in Indonesia. DATA: data from a population-based sample, the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007, were analysed. The data consist of 1,702 respondents of middle age (40-54 years old) and 2,017 older respondents who had completed information on ADL and @entity1851 . METHODS: @entity1851 concentrations in Dried Blood Spot (DBS) specimens were measured, using the validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Thirteen items of ADL were used to measure physical performance. A three-level linear model was applied to take advantage of the nested structure of data at the individual level within the household and community levels. RESULTS: high levels of @entity1851 were significantly associated with lower ADL for middle-aged and older @entity1 (P < 0.001). The model was adjusted for co-morbid conditions, health risk factors, medications, @entity308 and sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: the significant association between the high level of @entity1851 and lower ADL among older @entity1 in Indonesia is in line with earlier studies in the context of developed countries. This study provides an extension in which the significant association was also found in middle-aged @entity1 (40-54 years old).

title: Inflammatory markers and physical performance in middle-aged and older XXXX in Indonesia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Although some cases of spoon nails and @entity5149 are manifestations of internal disease, a significant number are completely idiopathic and of no consequence to the @entity1 . Many @entity1 have been forced to pay high insurance premiums or have been denied employment because of insignificant nail changes. When a @entity1 has spoon nails or @entity5149 , a thorough but reasonable search for a primary etiology should be made. It should be recalled that when the complete syndrome of @entity3582 is present and joint @entity158 is prominent, the possibility of a @entity153 is great. If a cause of spooning or @entity5149 is found, it should be treated. However, when the physician becomes satisfied that no associated disorder exists, he should reassure the @entity1 . In the author's experience @entity48842 is most commonly due to @entity1569 , fungus, or @entity130 . It is hypothesized that the curvature changes in spoon and clubbed nails are the result of angulation of the nail matrix secondary to connective tissue changes. The structural hypothesis presented here is largely based on observations of @entity85 . These cases have allowed visualization of the angle of the nail matrix. Both spoon nails and @entity5149 are such definite reaction patterns that there must be some common mechanism for @entity85 . Structural rules that should apply to the nail have been used. It is easy to think of multiple internal disorders producing the same connective tissue changes that alter the angle of the nail matrix. It is difficult to think of another mechanism by which internal disease could alter the bonds in hard keratin.

title: XXXX and @entity48842 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity48842 :: ('MESH:C537260', 'Disease') :: ['koilonychia']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['each deformity', 'congenital and traumatic deformities']

entities_list: @entity3582 :: ('MESH:D010004', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic osteoarthropathy']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['Clubbing']


abstract: Although some cases of spoon nails and @entity5149 are manifestations of internal disease, a significant number are completely idiopathic and of no consequence to the @entity1 . Many @entity1 have been forced to pay high insurance premiums or have been denied employment because of insignificant nail changes. When a @entity1 has spoon nails or @entity5149 , a thorough but reasonable search for a primary etiology should be made. It should be recalled that when the complete syndrome of @entity3582 is present and joint @entity158 is prominent, the possibility of a @entity153 is great. If a cause of spooning or @entity5149 is found, it should be treated. However, when the physician becomes satisfied that no associated disorder exists, he should reassure the @entity1 . In the author's experience @entity48842 is most commonly due to @entity1569 , fungus, or @entity130 . It is hypothesized that the curvature changes in spoon and clubbed nails are the result of angulation of the nail matrix secondary to connective tissue changes. The structural hypothesis presented here is largely based on observations of @entity85 . These cases have allowed visualization of the angle of the nail matrix. Both spoon nails and @entity5149 are such definite reaction patterns that there must be some common mechanism for @entity85 . Structural rules that should apply to the nail have been used. It is easy to think of multiple internal disorders producing the same connective tissue changes that alter the angle of the nail matrix. It is difficult to think of another mechanism by which internal disease could alter the bonds in hard keratin.

title: @entity5149 and XXXX .

answer: @entity48842 :: (MESH:C537260,Disease) :: ['koilonychia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A ready to use @entity5935 valerate 0.1% ( @entity1899 ) dressing was effective and well-tolerated by @entity1 receiving chronic plaque psoriasis treatment. OBJECTIVE: Collect data related to @entity1899 dressing used in the context of market authorization. METHODS: An observational, prospective study, including 258 @entity1 with a maximum 4-weeks-treatment of inflammatory dermatosis with @entity1899 2.25   mg plaster was performed. The prescription pattern was described and the disease severity assessed using a @entity2026 ( @entity2026 ). @entity1 satisfaction as well as their quality of life (DLQI) were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was performed before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The DLQI scores improved from 10.0        5.4 to 3.5        3.5 points (p   <   0.0001) and @entity2026 decreased from 12.5        3.1 to 4.2        3.0 points (p   <   0.0001). The highest DLQI and @entity2026 improvement was reported for the @entity484 group. Subjects reported the test dressing was better than prior therapies with 93.5% very satisfied and 90.4% satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1899 dressing is well-tolerated and effective in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses, improving both the objective signs of the disease as well as @entity1 ' quality of life.

title: Improvement of inflammatory dermatoses severity and quality of life in XXXX treated with a betamethasone valerate plaster (LIBERE study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Physician Global Assessment', 'PGA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The thyroid, like any other structure, may be the seat of an acute or chronic suppurative or @entity32 . @entity74 may leave their mark on the thyroid gland as well as elsewhere. @entity8963 is a rare condition, usually the result of bacterial invasion of the gland. Its signs are the classic ones of @entity32 : heat, @entity158 , redness, and @entity4 , and special ones conditioned by local relationships, such as @entity1282 and a desire to keep the head flexed on the chest in order to relax the paratracheal muscles. The treatment is that for any febrile disease, including specific antibiotic drugs if the invading organism has been identified and its sensitivity to the drug established. Otherwise, a broad-spectrum antibiotic may be used. Surgical drainage may be necessary and a search for a @entity50 should be made, particularly in @entity1 with @entity1374 involving the left lobe. Important to differentiate from the acute @entity2348 of @entity8963 ( @entity8963 ) is subacute (granulomatous) @entity1374 ( @entity4941 ) which is far more common than @entity8963 and is characterized by a more protracted course, usually involving the thyroid symmetrically. The gland is also swollen and tender, and the systemic reaction may also be severe, with @entity221 and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. During the acute phase of the disorder, tests of thyroid function disclose a suppression of TSH, increased serum concentrations of T4, T3, and thyroglobulin while a diminished thyroidal RAIU is observed. The cause of @entity4941 has been established in only a few instances in which a @entity1800 has been the initiating factor. There may be repeated recurrences of diminishing severity. Usually, but not always, the function of the thyroid is normal after the disease has subsided. @entity4941 may be treated with rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity117 , and thyroid hormone. If the disease is severe and protracted, it is usually necessary to resort to administration of glucocorticoids, but recurrence may follow their withdrawal. It is precisely the observational nature of @entity4941 therapy combined with the use of glucocorticoids which make it so critical to definitively rule out the bacterial etiology of @entity8963 in the @entity1 presenting with a @entity158 thyroid. Riedel   s @entity1374 is a chronic sclerosing replacement of the gland that is exceedingly rare. The process extends to adjacent structures, making any surgical intervention very difficult and potentially harmful. The exact cause of Riedel   s @entity1374 remains unknown, and no specific treatment is available beyond limited resection of the thyroid gland to relieve the symptoms of tracheal or esophageal compression. The use of anti-inflammatory medical treatments has been demonstrated to have significant benefits to outcome. @entity370 may involve the thyroid, and amyloid may be deposited in the gland in quantities sufficient to cause @entity5651 . In all of these diseases it may be necessary to give the @entity1 @entity1955 replacement therapy if the function of the gland has been impaired.

title: Acute and Subacute, and Riedel   s XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'non-suppurative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4941 :: ('MESH:D013968', 'Disease') :: ['Subacute thyroiditis', 'SAT']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious thyroiditis', 'acute suppurative thyroiditis', 'AST']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Various systemic infiltrative disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['pyriform sinus fistula']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['Thyroiditis']


abstract: Excepting splenomegaly related to @entity101 , splenic complications observed during the course of chronic @entity788 are uncommon. These may include @entity39 , @entity9007 and @entity9440 . Spontaneous @entity397 is one of the least common events, a total of 29 cases being reported thus far. We present herein 4 new cases, and previously documented cases were reviewed. In our cases, the @entity9440 occurred in young male @entity1 . This complication revealed the @entity660 in one case while in the others, it occurred on the average 7 months after the symptomatic onset of @entity660 . This suggests that this complication occurs early in the natural history of chronic @entity788 . The mechanism of the @entity75 remains unclear, the different causes advanced, mechanic, enzymatic or vascular, are discussed. None of our @entity1 had minimal @entity130 emphasizing the spontaneous character of @entity397 . Diagnosis was a surgical discovery except in one case in which selective arteriography was of most valuable aid in confirming diagnosis preoperatively. Treatment was simple splenectomy in 2 cases and associated with distal pancreatectomy in the 2 other cases. Recovery was uneventful. A corporal @entity9007 was treated at the same time.

title: [Spontaneous @entity397 in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['segmental portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['splenic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupture of the spleen']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['intrasplenic pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Excepting splenomegaly related to @entity101 , splenic complications observed during the course of chronic @entity788 are uncommon. These may include @entity39 , @entity9007 and @entity9440 . Spontaneous @entity397 is one of the least common events, a total of 29 cases being reported thus far. We present herein 4 new cases, and previously documented cases were reviewed. In our cases, the @entity9440 occurred in young male @entity1 . This complication revealed the @entity660 in one case while in the others, it occurred on the average 7 months after the symptomatic onset of @entity660 . This suggests that this complication occurs early in the natural history of chronic @entity788 . The mechanism of the @entity75 remains unclear, the different causes advanced, mechanic, enzymatic or vascular, are discussed. None of our @entity1 had minimal @entity130 emphasizing the spontaneous character of @entity397 . Diagnosis was a surgical discovery except in one case in which selective arteriography was of most valuable aid in confirming diagnosis preoperatively. Treatment was simple splenectomy in 2 cases and associated with distal pancreatectomy in the 2 other cases. Recovery was uneventful. A corporal @entity9007 was treated at the same time.

title: [Spontaneous XXXX in chronic @entity788 ].

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of the spleen']


abstract: We report the results of chemotherapy treatment in 82 @entity1 presenting with primary digestive lymphoma and included in a study conducted between October 1977 and October 1985. There were 31 @entity6595 , 18 small @entity706 , and 19 with multiple involvement: 63 @entity1 had had a surgical staging with total @entity5 resection in 15 cases. Nineteen @entity1 with limited disease ( @entity25878 and IID) were randomly assigned to either a 3-week chemotherapy regimen associated with whole abdominal radiotherapy or chemotherapy for 3 years. Twenty-seven stage IIID and thirty-six stage IV were treated with chemotherapy alone for 3 years. @entity1893 (16 @entity1 ) received a @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity229 association. Intermediate (56 @entity1 ) and high grade (10 @entity1 ) @entity706 received @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity229 . The overall complete remission obtained was 63 p. 100 (51 @entity1 ) with 17 @entity1 in relapse within 6 to 40 months. Overall survival was 46 p. 100 at 5 years. Survival was dependent on abdominal extension, histologic grade according to the new working formulation used for lymph-node @entity706 , initial localization ( @entity6595 have the best survival) and achievement of complete remission. Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for primary @entity706 . The role of surgery in the management of @entity706 has to be defined by further studies.

title: [Results of a cooperative prospective study of treatment of primary digestive localizations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphomas', 'digestive lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas', 'gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Low grade lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to characterize the MRI features of @entity0 detected in augmented breasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the MRI database identified 54 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity0 in augmented breasts. The images were reviewed for the type and location of the implant and for the characteristics of the @entity189 . The cases included 46 (85%) invasive @entity5 ( @entity513 , n = 35; @entity1137 , n = 7; and mixed features, n = 4) and eight (15%) @entity513 in situ. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 at diagnosis was 49 years (range, 28-72 years). Thirty-eight of the 54 @entity5 (70%) were palpable. The mean @entity5 size was 2.8 cm (range, 0.6-9.6 cm). Of the 54 @entity5 , 34 (63%) presented as masses and 20 (37%) as nonmass enhancement on MRI. There was no detectable difference between implant position and lesion morphology (p = 0.55) or @entity5 size (p = 1.00). Twenty of 54 (37%) @entity189 abutted the implant, 13 (24%) abutted the pectoralis major muscle, and two (4%) invaded the pectoralis major muscle. Of the @entity5 abutting the implant, 18 of 20 (90%) spread along the implant capsule for more than 0.5 cm. This pattern of @entity5 spread was more common in breasts with retroglandular implants (9/16, 56%) than in those with retropectoral implants (9/38, 24%) (p = 0.03). MRI detected the index @entity189 in 16 of 54 (30%) cases, showed a greater extent of disease than was visible on mammography or ultrasound in 21 of 52 (40%) cases, and detected an unsuspected @entity189 in three of 54 (6%) cases. CONCLUSION: In augmented breasts, @entity0 often contacts either the implant or the pectoralis major muscle. @entity5 spread along the implant contour is more often seen with retroglandular implants than with retropectoral implants. MRI should be considered to assess disease extent in @entity1 with augmented breasts before surgery.

title: XXXX in Augmented Breasts: MRI Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Carcinoma']


abstract: Three dermatan @entity14024 (DS18, DS28, and DS35) were isolated from @entity1 's skin of ages 19 +/- 2.5, 35 +/- 3.5, 47 +/- 1.7, 60 +/- 0.8, and 75 +/- 5 years. They sequentially precipitated with 18, 28, and 35% @entity1068 . Their @entity597 content was: 23.5, 25.3, and 29.0% (w/w) for DS18 at ages 19-35, 47, and 60 years, respectively; 29.0, 24.0, and 18.8% for DS28; and 18.0, 20.0, and 20.6% for DS35 at ages 19-47, 60, and 75 years, respectively. Both DS18 and DS28 decreased, respectively, from 0.030% (of wet-skin weight) to traces at age 75, and from 0.020 to 0.010% at 60 years. At age 75, DS28 apparently increased by 30%. The DS35 values (traces-0.006%) had no age-related trend. @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) precipitated with 45% @entity1068 , was 0.030% of skin-weight at ages 19-47, and decreased to 0.015 and 0.007% at 60 and 75 years, respectively. Its electrophoretic mobility was slower at age 47. In the oldest group, i.r. spectra of @entity7245 and DS35 displayed no bands at 1650-1600, 1380, and 1320 cm-1, and a new band at 1560 cm-1. Moreover, ninhydrin-positive material of @entity7245 and DS35 increased by 75 and 95%, respectively, and the reducing @entity4826 content of @entity7245 decreased. These data showed three chemically different dermatan @entity14024 (two of which were preponderant) and N-deacetylation of @entity7245 and DS35 of the oldest group. After age 47, total DS and @entity7245 considerably decreased, DS18 and DS35 were oversulfated, and DS28 became undersulfated with aging.

title: Evidence for structural changes in dermatan XXXX and hyaluronic acid with aging.

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wolbachia pipientis is a ubiquitous, maternally transmitted bacterium that infects the germline of insect hosts. Estimates are that Wolbachia infect nearly 40% of insect species on the planet, making it the most prevalent @entity281 on Earth. The bacterium, infamous for the reproductive phenotypes it induces in arthropod hosts, has risen to recent prominence due to its use in vector control. @entity281 prevents the colonization of vectors by RNA viruses, including @entity14637 and important @entity1 pathogens such as @entity779 . Here we present data indicating that Wolbachia utilize the host @entity19631 cytoskeleton during oogenesis for persistence within and transmission between @entity238 generations. We show that phenotypically wild type flies heterozygous for cytoskeletal mutations in @entity238 @entity59931 (chic221/+ and chic1320/+) or @entity72092 (qua6-396/+) either clear a @entity281 , or result in significantly reduced @entity281 levels. This reduction of Wolbachia is supported by PCR evidence, Western blot results and cytological examination. This phenotype is unlikely to be the result of maternal loading defects, defects in oocyte polarization, or germline stem cell proliferation, as the flies are phenotypically wild type in egg size, shape, and number. Importantly, however, heterozygous mutant flies exhibit decreased total G- @entity19631 in the ovary, compared to control flies and chic221 heterozygous mutants exhibit decreased expression of @entity59931 . Additionally, RNAi knockdown of @entity59931 during development decreases Wolbachia titers. We analyze evidence in support of alternative theories to explain this Wolbachia phenotype and conclude that our results support the hypothesis that Wolbachia utilize the @entity19631 skeleton for efficient transmission and maintenance within @entity238 .

title: Wolbachia Utilize Host XXXX for Efficient Maternal Transmission in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Wolbachia infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue and Chikungunya']

entities_list: @entity14637 :: ('64279', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila C virus']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity19631 :: (40444(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Actin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wolbachia pipientis is a ubiquitous, maternally transmitted bacterium that infects the germline of insect hosts. Estimates are that Wolbachia infect nearly 40% of insect species on the planet, making it the most prevalent @entity281 on Earth. The bacterium, infamous for the reproductive phenotypes it induces in arthropod hosts, has risen to recent prominence due to its use in vector control. @entity281 prevents the colonization of vectors by RNA viruses, including @entity14637 and important @entity1 pathogens such as @entity779 . Here we present data indicating that Wolbachia utilize the host @entity19631 cytoskeleton during oogenesis for persistence within and transmission between @entity238 generations. We show that phenotypically wild type flies heterozygous for cytoskeletal mutations in @entity238 @entity59931 (chic221/+ and chic1320/+) or @entity72092 (qua6-396/+) either clear a @entity281 , or result in significantly reduced @entity281 levels. This reduction of Wolbachia is supported by PCR evidence, Western blot results and cytological examination. This phenotype is unlikely to be the result of maternal loading defects, defects in oocyte polarization, or germline stem cell proliferation, as the flies are phenotypically wild type in egg size, shape, and number. Importantly, however, heterozygous mutant flies exhibit decreased total G- @entity19631 in the ovary, compared to control flies and chic221 heterozygous mutants exhibit decreased expression of @entity59931 . Additionally, RNAi knockdown of @entity59931 during development decreases Wolbachia titers. We analyze evidence in support of alternative theories to explain this Wolbachia phenotype and conclude that our results support the hypothesis that Wolbachia utilize the @entity19631 skeleton for efficient transmission and maintenance within @entity238 .

title: Wolbachia Utilize Host @entity19631 for Efficient Maternal Transmission in XXXX .

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveys measuring effectiveness of public awareness campaigns in reducing @entity65 ( @entity65 ) incidence have yielded equivocal findings. The aim of this study was to describe cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) changes over the years in an untreated population-based study. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2012, we conducted a screening campaign for CVRFs in @entity1 aged 40 to 65 yrs and @entity1 aged 50 to 70 yrs in the western suburbs of Paris. Data were complete for 20,324 @entity1 of which 14,709 were untreated. RESULTS: The prevalence trend over six years was statistically significant for @entity101 in @entity1 from 25.9% in 2007 to 21.1% in 2012 (p=0.002) and from 23% in 2007 to 12.7% in 2012 in @entity1 (p<0.0001). The prevalence trend of @entity286 smoking decreased from 38.6% to 27.7% in @entity1 (p=0.0001) and from 22.6% to 16.8% in @entity1 (p=0.113). The Framingham 10-year risk for @entity65 decreased from 13.3    8.2 % in 2007 to 11.7    9.0 % in 2012 in @entity1 and from 8.0    4.1 % to 5.9    3.4 % in @entity1 . The 10-year risk of fatal @entity65 based on the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) decreased in @entity1 and in @entity1 (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Over a 6-year period, several CVRFs have decreased in our screening campaign, leading to decrease in the 10-year risk for @entity65 and the 10-year risk of fatal @entity65 . Cardiologists should recognize the importance of community prevention programs and communication policies, particularly @entity286 control and healthier diets to decrease the CVRFs in the general population.

title: Trends in XXXX Risk Factor Prevalence and Estimated 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Scores in a Large Untreated French Urban Population: The CARVAR 92 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the causes and factors associated with the @entity204 of @entity1 between intensive care unit discharge and hospital discharge. METHODS: The present is a pilot, retrospective, observational cohort study. The records of all @entity1 admitted to two units of a public/private university hospital from February 1, 2013 to April 30, 2013 were assessed. Demographic and clinical data, risk scores and outcomes were obtained from the Epimed monitoring system and confirmed in the electronic record system of the hospital. The relative risk and respective confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 581 @entity1 were evaluated. The mortality rate in the intensive care unit was 20.8% and in the hospital was 24.9%. @entity326 was the cause of @entity204 in 58.3% of @entity1 who died after being discharged from the intensive care unit. Of the @entity1 from the public health system, 73 (77.6%) died in the intensive care unit and 21 (22.4%) died in the hospital after being discharged from the unit. Of the @entity1 from the Supplementary Health System, 48 (94.1%) died in the intensive care unit and 3 (5.9%) died in the hospital after being discharged from the unit (relative risk, 3.87%; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 - 12.36; p < 0.05). The post-discharge mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with intensive care unit hospitalization time longer than 6 days. CONCLUSION: The main cause of @entity204 of @entity1 who were discharged from the intensive care unit and died in the ward before hospital discharge was @entity326 . Coverage by the public healthcare system and longer hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were factors associated with @entity204 after discharge from the intensive care unit.

title: @entity326 : a major cause of hospital XXXX after intensive care unit discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['Septic shock', 'septic shock']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the causes and factors associated with the @entity204 of @entity1 between intensive care unit discharge and hospital discharge. METHODS: The present is a pilot, retrospective, observational cohort study. The records of all @entity1 admitted to two units of a public/private university hospital from February 1, 2013 to April 30, 2013 were assessed. Demographic and clinical data, risk scores and outcomes were obtained from the Epimed monitoring system and confirmed in the electronic record system of the hospital. The relative risk and respective confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 581 @entity1 were evaluated. The mortality rate in the intensive care unit was 20.8% and in the hospital was 24.9%. @entity326 was the cause of @entity204 in 58.3% of @entity1 who died after being discharged from the intensive care unit. Of the @entity1 from the public health system, 73 (77.6%) died in the intensive care unit and 21 (22.4%) died in the hospital after being discharged from the unit. Of the @entity1 from the Supplementary Health System, 48 (94.1%) died in the intensive care unit and 3 (5.9%) died in the hospital after being discharged from the unit (relative risk, 3.87%; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 - 12.36; p < 0.05). The post-discharge mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with intensive care unit hospitalization time longer than 6 days. CONCLUSION: The main cause of @entity204 of @entity1 who were discharged from the intensive care unit and died in the ward before hospital discharge was @entity326 . Coverage by the public healthcare system and longer hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were factors associated with @entity204 after discharge from the intensive care unit.

title: XXXX : a major cause of hospital @entity204 after intensive care unit discharge.

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['Septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test ex vivo mechanical properties of 4 allograft fixation techniques for cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) replacement. SAMPLE: 30 stifle joints from @entity235 cadavers. PROCEDURES: @entity129 repaired by 1 of 4 techniques (n = 6/group) and @entity129 (control group; 6) were mechanically tested. Three repair techniques involved a patella-patella ligament segment (PPL) allograft: a tibial and femoral interference screw (PPL-2S), a femoral interference screw and the patella seated in a tapering bone tunnel in the tibia (PPL-1S), or addition of a suture and a bone anchor to the PPL-1S (PPL-SL). The fourth technique involved a @entity427 ( @entity427 ) allograft secured with transverse femoral fixation and stabilized with a tibial interference screw and 2 spiked washers on the tibia ( @entity427 -TF). The tibia was axially loaded at a joint angle of 135  . Loads to induce 3, 5, and 10 mm of femoral-tibia translation; stiffness; and load at ultimate failure with the corresponding displacement were calculated. Group means were compared with a multivariate ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean    SD load for the intact (control) CCL was 520.0    51.3 N and did not differ significantly from the load needed to induce 3 mm of femoral-tibial translation for fixation techniques PPL-SL (422.4    46.3 N) and @entity427 -TF (654.2    117.7 N). Results for the @entity427 -TF were similar to those of the intact CCL for all outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The @entity427 -TF yielded mechanical properties similar to those of intact CCLs and may be a viable technique to test in vivo.

title: Mechanical strength of four allograft fixation techniques for ruptured cranial cruciate ligament repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['DDFT', 'deep digital flexor tendon']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['CCL-deficient stifle joints', 'CCL-intact stifle joints']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hexokinase II is responsible for the first step in the glycolysis pathway by adding a @entity4613 onto the @entity413 molecule so it can proceed down the pathway to produce the energy for continuous @entity5 cell growth. @entity5 cells overexpress the hexokinase II enzyme. In fact, it is the overexpression of the hexokinase II enzyme that makes the diagnosis of @entity5 possible when imaged by positron emission tomography (PET). Hexokinase II binds to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) located on the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). When bound to the MOM, hexokinase II is blocking a major cell death pathway. Thus, hexokinase II is responsible for two characteristics of @entity5 cells, rapid @entity5 growth and @entity5 cells to undergo apoptosis. One method to identify novel compounds that may interfere with the hexokinase II-VDAC binding site is to create a molecular model using the crystal structure of hexokinase II. However, the @entity3689 (s) responsible for hexokinase II binding to VDAC are not known. Therefore, a series of truncations and point mutations were made to the @entity1472 -terminal end of hexokinase II to identify the binding site to VDAC. Deletions of the first 10 and 20 @entity1522 indicated that important @entity3689 (s) for binding were located within the first 10 @entity1522 . Next, a series of point mutations were made within the first 10 @entity1522 . It is clear from the immunofluorescence images and immunoblot results that mutating the fifth @entity3689 from @entity3793 to @entity1521 completely abolished binding to the MOM.

title: Identification of a Mitochondrial-Binding Site on the XXXX -Terminal End of Hexokinase II.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer', 'inability of cancer']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1472 :: (CHEBI:46882,Chemical) :: ['Amino']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Awake craniotomy is currently a useful surgical approach to help identify and preserve functional areas during cortical and subcortical @entity5 resections. Methodologies have evolved over time to maximize @entity1 safety and minimize morbidity using this technique. The goal of this study is to analyze a single surgeon's experience and the evolving methodology of awake language and sensorimotor mapping for @entity11 surgery. METHODS The authors retrospectively studied @entity1 undergoing awake @entity1313 surgery between 1986 and 2014. Operations for the initial 248 @entity1 (1986-1997) were completed at the University of Washington, and the subsequent surgeries in 611 @entity1 (1997-2014) were completed at the University of California, San Francisco. Perioperative risk factors and complications were assessed using the latter 611 cases. RESULTS The median @entity1 age was 42 years (range 13-84 years). Sixty percent of @entity1 had @entity159 ( @entity159 ) scores of 90-100, and 40% had @entity159 scores less than 80. Fifty-five percent of @entity1 underwent surgery for high-grade @entity11 , 42% for low-grade @entity11 , 1% for metastatic lesions, and 2% for other lesions ( @entity6795 , @entity198 , @entity39 , abscess, and @entity2695 ). The majority of @entity1 were in American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 1 or 2 (mild @entity262 ); however, @entity1 with severe @entity262 were not excluded from awake @entity1313 surgery and represented 15% of study @entity1 . Laryngeal mask airway was used in 8 @entity1 (1%) and was most commonly used for large @entity5 with more than 2 cm of mass effect. The most common sedation regimen was @entity1875 plus @entity1937 (54%); however, 42% of @entity1 required an adjustment to the initial sedation regimen before skin incision due to @entity1 intolerance. @entity2656 was used in 54% of cases. Twelve percent of @entity1 were active smokers at the time of surgery, which did not impact completion of the intraoperative mapping procedure. Stimulation-induced @entity410 occurred in 3% of @entity1 and were rapidly terminated with ice-cold Ringer's solution. Preoperative @entity410 history and @entity5 location were associated with an increased incidence of stimulation-induced @entity410 . Mapping was aborted in 3 cases (0.5%) due to intraoperative @entity410 (2 cases) and @entity1 emotional intolerance (1 case). The overall perioperative complication rate was 10%. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current best practice described here and developed from multiple regimens used over a 27-year period, it is concluded that awake @entity1313 surgery can be safely performed with extremely low complication and failure rates regardless of ASA classification; body mass index; smoking status; @entity146 or emotional history; @entity410 frequency and duration; and @entity5 site, size, and pathology.

title: Awake craniotomy to maximize XXXX resection: methods and technical nuances over a 27-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['KPS', 'Karnofsky Performance Status']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity571 , the most common form of @entity625 , influences a @entity1 's mental well-being, ability to work or perform activities of daily living, and personal and family relationships. Ideally, the management of this disease is multidisciplinary, involving not only the use of medication but also exercise instruction, dietary counseling, and psychosocial interventions. The effects of such a comprehensive treatment program have not been well studied. A 12-week trial of multidisciplinary assessment and management of @entity571 was conducted. In addition to receiving the anti-inflammatory agent sulindac, @entity1 were evaluated and followed up by health professionals in the disciplines of medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutrition, social work, and psychology. An initial assessment of the degree of @entity158 , @entity4 , @entity925 , stiffness, and ability to conduct activities of daily living was made, which represented @entity1 ' entry status. Subsequent assessments were made by the multidisciplinary team every two weeks for 12 weeks. Seventy-seven @entity1 completed at least ten of the 12 weeks. On entering the study, two thirds of the @entity1 had @entity158 , @entity925 , or @entity4 affecting the hip, knee, or hand. At the end of 12 weeks, 80% of the @entity1 had improvement in their @entity571 , and 71% improved in their ability to conduct activities of daily living. The results support the view that a comprehensive @entity571 can significantly reduce disability and @entity158 .

title: Medical aspects of the multidisciplinary assessment and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['approach to osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Introduction. While the incidence of @entity660 has steadily increased, we sought to evaluate the changes in their surgical management. Methods. @entity1 with @entity660 who underwent surgical resection from 2003 to 2013 were identified. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed and compared to a similar cohort from 1992 to 2002. Results. There were 134 @entity1 with @entity660 who underwent surgical resection from 2003 to 2013, compared to 73 from 1992 to 2002. The most common preoperative imaging was a CT scan, although 66% underwent EUS and 63% underwent biopsy. Pathology included 18 serous, 47 mucinous, 11 pseudopapillary, and 58 @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ). In comparing cohorts, there were significantly fewer @entity75 and more @entity4929 . @entity260 rates were similar, and perioperative mortality rates were comparable. Conclusion. There has been a dramatic change in surgically treated @entity788 over the past two decades. Our data suggests that the incorporation of new imaging and diagnostic tests has led to greater detection of @entity5 and a decreased rate of potentially unnecessary resections. Therefore, all @entity1 with cystic @entity660 should undergo a focused @entity788 , and an EUS biopsy should be considered, in order to best select those that would benefit from surgical resection.

title: The changing spectrum of surgically treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cystic tumors', 'CT-pancreas']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['serous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions', 'pancreatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complication']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']


abstract: Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics (PA) for reducing the @entity166 and the potential risk factors responsible for the @entity166 after stent insertion for malignant @entity14 . Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 224 @entity1 who underwent self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) insertion for malignant @entity14 from May 2004 to December 2012. Results. There were 145 @entity1 in the PA group and 79 in non-PA group. The @entity1851 level in PA group was significantly higher than that in non-PA. Abdominal tenderness and mechanical ileus were significantly more frequent in PA group than those in non-PA. The frequency of post-SEMS insertion fever, @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and @entity2259 was not significantly different between PA and non-PA groups. In multivariate analysis, the @entity1851 level was risk factor related to post-SEMS insertion @entity1850 . However, in propensity score matching analysis, there was no independent risk factor related to post-SEMS insertion fever, @entity1850 , and @entity2259 . Conclusion. The use of PA in @entity1 with malignant @entity14 may be not effective to prevent the development of @entity166 after SEMS insertion.

title: Clinical impact of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for self-expandable metallic stent insertion in @entity1 with malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal obstruction']


abstract: Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics (PA) for reducing the @entity166 and the potential risk factors responsible for the @entity166 after stent insertion for malignant @entity14 . Methods. We performed a retrospective review of 224 @entity1 who underwent self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) insertion for malignant @entity14 from May 2004 to December 2012. Results. There were 145 @entity1 in the PA group and 79 in non-PA group. The @entity1851 level in PA group was significantly higher than that in non-PA. Abdominal tenderness and mechanical ileus were significantly more frequent in PA group than those in non-PA. The frequency of post-SEMS insertion fever, @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and @entity2259 was not significantly different between PA and non-PA groups. In multivariate analysis, the @entity1851 level was risk factor related to post-SEMS insertion @entity1850 . However, in propensity score matching analysis, there was no independent risk factor related to post-SEMS insertion fever, @entity1850 , and @entity2259 . Conclusion. The use of PA in @entity1 with malignant @entity14 may be not effective to prevent the development of @entity166 after SEMS insertion.

title: Clinical impact of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for self-expandable metallic stent insertion in XXXX with malignant @entity14 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1640 is relatively rare cause of @entity774 which is often accompanied by severe @entity4053 . @entity701 replacement therapy is essential for this condition, but gastrointestinal symptom such as @entity390 and @entity391 is not well-recognized adverse effect of @entity701 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 64-year-old- @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of frequent severe @entity4053 . She was diagnosed as type 2 @entity6 when she was 58 years old but had not been treated since she was 60. We ruled out the possibility of exogenous administration of insulin or other anti- @entity6 drugs, @entity792 . After @entity413 injection, she once became conscious, but severe @entity4053 was often observed even after that. In addition, counter-regulatory hormone levels were not increased even at the time of @entity4053 . We conducted several hormone load tests. In @entity6192 ( @entity6192 ) load test, excess and delayed reaction of ACTH was observed. In @entity17685 (TRH) load test, TSH and prolactin were normally secreted in response to TRH. In luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) load test, delayed reaction of LH and FSH was observed. Based on such hormone loading tests, we diagnosed this @entity1 as @entity1640 and consequent @entity774 . We immediately intravenously injected @entity701 and started oral @entity701 therapy. However, just after taking @entity701 , @entity391 was often observed which disturbed sufficient @entity479 hormone replacement, leading to recurrent @entity4053 . Therefore, we stopped @entity701 and instead started an alternative treatment with @entity617 . After that, @entity391 and @entity4053 were not observed at all. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: We diagnosed this subject as @entity1640 mainly by the following two findings: (1) excess and delayed reaction of ACTH in @entity6192 load test, (2) delayed reaction of LH and FSH in LHRH load test. CONCLUSIONS: We should be aware of the possibility of @entity1640 as a cause of recurrent severe @entity4053 . Also, we should be aware that @entity701 could induce gastrointestinal symptom and that in such a case we should stop @entity701 and start @entity617 to sufficiently replace @entity479 hormone and avoid recurrent @entity4053 .

title: A case of XXXX accompanied by recurrent severe @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamic hypopituitarism', 'idiopathic hypothalamic hypopituitarism', 'hypothalamic hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity17685 :: ('7200', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Gene') :: ['CRH', 'corticotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma and insulin autoimmune syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['secondary adrenal deficiency', 'adrenal deficiency']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic hypopituitarism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1640 is relatively rare cause of @entity774 which is often accompanied by severe @entity4053 . @entity701 replacement therapy is essential for this condition, but gastrointestinal symptom such as @entity390 and @entity391 is not well-recognized adverse effect of @entity701 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 64-year-old- @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of frequent severe @entity4053 . She was diagnosed as type 2 @entity6 when she was 58 years old but had not been treated since she was 60. We ruled out the possibility of exogenous administration of insulin or other anti- @entity6 drugs, @entity792 . After @entity413 injection, she once became conscious, but severe @entity4053 was often observed even after that. In addition, counter-regulatory hormone levels were not increased even at the time of @entity4053 . We conducted several hormone load tests. In @entity6192 ( @entity6192 ) load test, excess and delayed reaction of ACTH was observed. In @entity17685 (TRH) load test, TSH and prolactin were normally secreted in response to TRH. In luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) load test, delayed reaction of LH and FSH was observed. Based on such hormone loading tests, we diagnosed this @entity1 as @entity1640 and consequent @entity774 . We immediately intravenously injected @entity701 and started oral @entity701 therapy. However, just after taking @entity701 , @entity391 was often observed which disturbed sufficient @entity479 hormone replacement, leading to recurrent @entity4053 . Therefore, we stopped @entity701 and instead started an alternative treatment with @entity617 . After that, @entity391 and @entity4053 were not observed at all. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: We diagnosed this subject as @entity1640 mainly by the following two findings: (1) excess and delayed reaction of ACTH in @entity6192 load test, (2) delayed reaction of LH and FSH in LHRH load test. CONCLUSIONS: We should be aware of the possibility of @entity1640 as a cause of recurrent severe @entity4053 . Also, we should be aware that @entity701 could induce gastrointestinal symptom and that in such a case we should stop @entity701 and start @entity617 to sufficiently replace @entity479 hormone and avoid recurrent @entity4053 .

title: A case of @entity1640 accompanied by recurrent severe XXXX .

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: @entity299 occurred in 53 (22 percent) of 236 consecutive @entity1 undergoing pneumonectomy. All @entity1 had preoperative electrocardiograms which showed normal sinus rhythm. @entity1 did not receive digitalis before surgery. @entity955 was the most common @entity943 (64 percent; 34/53), followed by @entity4710 (23 percent; 12/53) and @entity956 (13 percent; 7/53). No episodes of @entity1165 were documented. Elevated concentrations of cardiac enzymes were associated with 12 (28 percent) of 43 tachydysrhythmias. Recurrent or persistent @entity943 were documented in 29 (55 percent) of 53 @entity1 despite medical management or electrocardioversion (or both). Thirty-one percent (9/29) of these @entity1 subsequently died during their hospitalization. There was no correlation between standard preoperative pulmonary function tests and the incidence of @entity86 . In addition, there was no correlation of @entity943 with postoperative diagnoses, surgical staging for @entity2 , postoperative arterial blood gas levels, or the fact that a completion pneumonectomy or chest wall resection was undertaken. An increased incidence of tachydysrhythmia was noted in @entity1 undergoing intrapericardial dissections and those who developed postoperative interstitial or perihilar @entity3126 . Twenty-five percent (13) of the @entity1 experiencing tachydysrhythmias died within 30 days following their pneumonectomy. We conclude that tachydysrhythmias after pneumonectomy are associated with significant mortality, have poor correlation to preoperative pulmonary function, and occur more frequently following intrapericardial dissection and in @entity1 who develop postoperative @entity3126 or perihilar @entity3126 .

title: XXXX following pneumonectomy. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac tachydysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac dysrhythmia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Substance use disorder is characterized by impaired decision @entity5516 , impulsivity, and risk taking. @entity11532 shares many of these characteristics, and having both diagnoses may be associated with greater problems than either diagnosis alone. We investigated whether among substance-dependent individuals, comorbid @entity11532 would be associated with worse decision @entity5516 , greater impulsivity, risk taking, and drug severity. METHODS: Ninety-six substance-dependent individuals were recruited from a residential treatment program and divided into 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria for @entity11532 (SDPG, n = 26) or not (SD, n = 70). Ninety-two controls were recruited from the community. @entity1 completed a decision- @entity5516 task (modified Iowa Gambling Task), measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Delay Discounting), and risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task). Decision @entity5516 was analyzed using a computational model. We tested for group differences using analysis of covariance or Kruskal-Wallis and appropriate post-hoc tests. RESULTS: The groups differed in decision- @entity5516 parameters (P < 0.001) and self-reported impulsivity (P < 0.001). All post-hoc comparisons were significant on these measures, and indicated stepwise changes in controls, followed by SD, followed by SDPG, with SDPG performing worse on decision @entity5516 and being more impulsive. Compared with SD, SDPG had greater drug severity (P < 0.001). No group differences were observed in delay discounting or risk taking. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with individuals with @entity734 without @entity11532 , those with both disorders demonstrated worse decision @entity5516 and significantly more drug-related symptoms. When evaluating @entity1 with @entity734 , clinicians should consider diagnostic assessments for gambling, as the co-occurrence of both disorders may impact clinical characteristics.

title: Impaired Decision-Making, Higher Impulsivity, and Drug Severity in @entity734 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling', 'Pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['Pathological Gambling']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Substance use disorder is characterized by impaired decision @entity5516 , impulsivity, and risk taking. @entity11532 shares many of these characteristics, and having both diagnoses may be associated with greater problems than either diagnosis alone. We investigated whether among substance-dependent individuals, comorbid @entity11532 would be associated with worse decision @entity5516 , greater impulsivity, risk taking, and drug severity. METHODS: Ninety-six substance-dependent individuals were recruited from a residential treatment program and divided into 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria for @entity11532 (SDPG, n = 26) or not (SD, n = 70). Ninety-two controls were recruited from the community. @entity1 completed a decision- @entity5516 task (modified Iowa Gambling Task), measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Delay Discounting), and risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task). Decision @entity5516 was analyzed using a computational model. We tested for group differences using analysis of covariance or Kruskal-Wallis and appropriate post-hoc tests. RESULTS: The groups differed in decision- @entity5516 parameters (P < 0.001) and self-reported impulsivity (P < 0.001). All post-hoc comparisons were significant on these measures, and indicated stepwise changes in controls, followed by SD, followed by SDPG, with SDPG performing worse on decision @entity5516 and being more impulsive. Compared with SD, SDPG had greater drug severity (P < 0.001). No group differences were observed in delay discounting or risk taking. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with individuals with @entity734 without @entity11532 , those with both disorders demonstrated worse decision @entity5516 and significantly more drug-related symptoms. When evaluating @entity1 with @entity734 , clinicians should consider diagnostic assessments for gambling, as the co-occurrence of both disorders may impact clinical characteristics.

title: Impaired Decision-Making, Higher Impulsivity, and Drug Severity in XXXX and @entity11532 .

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Substance Dependence']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the TGF-b superfamily, have numerous biological activities including control of growth, differentiation, and vascular development. Using an in vitro co-culture endothelial cord formation assay, we investigated the role of a @entity12017 variant (BMP7v) in @entity7 , @entity540 , and @entity5 -driven angiogenesis. BMP7v treatment led to disruption of neo-endothelial cord formation and regression of existing @entity7 and @entity540 cords in vitro. Using a series of @entity5 cell models capable of driving angiogenesis in vitro, BMP7v treatment completely blocked cord formation. Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with BMP7v significantly reduced their cord forming ability, indicating a direct effect on endothelial cell function. BMP7v activated the canonical SMAD signaling pathway in endothelial cells but targeted gene knockdown using shRNA directed against @entity1594 suggests this pathway is not required to mediate the anti-angiogenic effect. In contrast to SMAD activation, BMP7v selectively decreased ERK and AKT activation, significantly decreased endothelial cell migration and down-regulated expression of critical RTKs involved in @entity7 and FGF angiogenic signaling, @entity319 and @entity7167 respectively. Importantly, in an in vivo angiogenic plug assay that serves as a measurement of angiogenesis, BMP7v significantly decreased hemoglobin content indicating inhibition of neoangiogenesis. In addition, BMP7v significantly decreased angiogenesis in @entity463 stem-like cell (GSLC) Matrigel plugs and significantly impaired in vivo growth of a GSLC xenograft with a concomitant reduction in microvessel density. These data support BMP7v as a potent anti-angiogenic molecule that is effective in the context of @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: A XXXX Variant Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo through Direct Modulation of Endothelial Cell Biology.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity12017 :: (655,Gene) :: ['BMP7']


abstract: The long-term outcome of @entity30 was reviewed in 139 @entity1 who were treated at the Cleveland Clinic for a minimum of 15 years. At the time of diagnosis, 38 (27 percent), 39 (28 percent) and 62 (43 percent) @entity1 had small-bowel, large-bowel, and ileocolic patterns of disease, respectively. The disease progressed with time and, eventually, 104 (75 percent) @entity1 had @entity30 . One hundred twenty-two @entity1 (88 percent) underwent at least one definitive operation for the disease. Forty-four (32 percent) @entity1 had proctocolectomies and 65 (47 percent) have ileostomies. Associated manifestations of @entity30 occurred in a high proportion of @entity1 ; perianal disease in 78 (56 percent), intestinal fistulas in 45 (32 percent), extraintestinal disease in 49 (35 percent). Six @entity1 died of causes directly related to the disease. Specific complications tend to occur at definite times in the course of the disease. @entity30 is not a benign condition. There is a relentless progression of the disease and a high incidence of complications when @entity1 are followed over a long period.

title: The long-term outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolic disease', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax ) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin ) of @entity1204 derived from an integrated positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance (PET/MR) system and to determine their correlation with pathological prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital, and informed consent was obtained. Between April and December 2014, 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1204 were enrolled and underwent simultaneous PET/MR examinations before surgery. Thirty-six @entity1 with measurable @entity5 on PET/MR were included for image analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between SUVmax and ADCmin of the @entity5 . The Mann-Whitney U-test was utilized to evaluate relationships between these two imaging biomarkers and pathological prognostic factors. RESULTS: The mean SUVmax and ADCmin were 14.7        7.1 and 0.48        0.13 * 10(-3) mm(2) /s, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was found between SUVmax and ADCmin (r   =   -0.53; P   =   0.001). SUVmax was significantly higher in @entity5 with advanced stage, deep @entity3 , cervical invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node @entity3 (P   <   0.05). ADCmin was lower in @entity5 with higher grade, advanced stage, and cervical invasion (P   <   0.05). The ratio of SUVmax to ADCmin was higher in @entity5 with higher grade, advanced stage, deep @entity3 , cervical invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, and lymph node @entity3 (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: SUVmax and ADCmin of @entity1204 derived from integrated PET/MR are inversely correlated and are associated with pathological prognostic factors.

title: Standardized uptake value and apparent diffusion coefficient of XXXX evaluated with integrated whole-body PET/MR: Correlation with pathological prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the leading cause of @entity5 @entity204 in Honduras. With the availability of a vaccine to prevent @entity1082 ), the causative agent for @entity5 , the Honduran Secretary of Health undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing the HPV vaccine to support their national decision-making process. METHODS: A national multidisciplinary team conducted this analysis with the CERVIVAC model, developed by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization's ProVac Initiative. The cumulative costs and health benefits of introducing the HPV vaccine were assessed over the lifetime of one single cohort of 11-year-old @entity1 . We assumed a three-dose series with 95% vaccination coverage of the cohort using a mixture of school-based and facility-based delivery. To estimate national @entity5 cases and @entity204 , we used United Nations demographic projections and GLOBOCAN estimates based on registry data from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Based on estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Division of Intensified Cooperation with Countries (ICO), we assumed that 70% of @entity5 would be due to vaccine types @entity1799 and HPV18. We used a vaccine dose price of US  13.45 and evidence from the scientific literature to estimate vaccine effectiveness. National information was used to estimate health service utilization and costs of @entity5 treatment. All costs and health benefits were discounted at 3%. RESULTS: Upon fully vaccinating 86,906 11-year old @entity1 , 2250 (undiscounted) @entity5 cases and 1336 (undiscounted) @entity204 would be prevented over the lifetime of the cohort. After discounting future health benefits at 3% per year, the equivalent cases and @entity204 prevented were 421 and 170. HPV vaccination is estimated to cost around US  5 million per vaccinated cohort, but this would be offset by around US  1 million in avoided costs borne by the government to treat @entity5 . Furthermore, 4349 discounted disability adjusted life years (DALYs) could be avoided at a cost of US  926 per DALY avoided, making HPV vaccination in Honduras a highly cost-effective intervention. DISCUSSION: The net cost of HPV vaccination per DALY avoided is less than the WHO threshold for cost-effectiveness. However, at a cost of around US  5 million per vaccinated cohort, an important element to consider in this discussion is the budgetary implications that the introduction of the HPV vaccine would cause for the country. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the costs and benefits of HPV vaccine introduction in Honduras, it is clear that this intervention would be highly cost-effective and that the intervention would greatly reduce @entity5 disease. For these reasons, it is in the country's best interest to explore financing opportunities that could support the vaccine's introduction.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the XXXX vaccine in Honduras.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) or salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy on the outcomes of subsequent @entity52 ( @entity52 )-embryo transfer (ET) cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). SETTING: @entity4207 center. @entity1 : All @entity1 undergoing fresh @entity52 -ET between January 2004 and July 2013 after treatment of an ectopic pregnancy with @entity6822 or salpingectomy in the preceding @entity52 -ET cycle were analyzed for potential inclusion. INTERVENTION: @entity6822 or laparoscopic salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy followed by a subsequent @entity52 -ET cycle. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 144 @entity1 with sonographically confirmed @entity5849 were identified during the study period. Of these, 107 (74.3%) @entity1 were treated with @entity6822 and 37 (25.7%) were treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy. Eighty-eight @entity1 (82.2%) in the @entity6822 group and 22 @entity1 (59.4%) @entity1 in the salpingectomy group underwent a subsequent @entity52 -ET cycle. There were no significant differences in demographic data or baseline cycle characteristics between the 2 groups. No difference was observed in basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level before and after @entity6822 or salpingectomy treatment. Indicators of ovarian responsiveness, including total days of stimulation, total dosage of gonadotropins, and number of mature oocytes before and after either treatment, were comparable in the 2 groups. The number of doses of @entity6822 (1 vs > 1) did not correlate with changes in ovarian response. The pregnancy outcomes, specifically live birth, were equivalent in the 2 groups. Comparing post- @entity6822 cycles and post-salpingectomy cycles, @entity1 in the latter group required higher doses of gonadotropins (+705 IU vs +221.5 IU; p < .01), although the number of mature oocytes remained similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity5849 with @entity6822 or salpingectomy might not adversely affect ovarian reserve, ovarian responsiveness, or subsequent @entity52 cycle outcomes. However, in our study cohort, @entity1 treated with @entity6822 , those s treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy required higher gonadotropin doses in a subsequent cycle to attain the same number of mature oocytes.

title: Effect of XXXX or Salpingectomy for Ectopic Pregnancy on Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: This article reviews studies of the carcinogenicity of mineral fibers, notably @entity1355 , and presents seven major recommendations for further research. Mineral fibers represent the greatest cause--after cigarette smoke--of @entity5 due to air pollutants. Past @entity1355 exposure may currently account for 2000 @entity2615 deaths per year and 4000 to 6000 @entity2 deaths per year. All major commercial types of @entity1355 (crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile) can cause each of the major @entity1355 -related @entity1576 . @entity2 in @entity1355 -exposed individuals probably do not have a different distribution of histological types from that of @entity2 . Nonoccupational exposures are likely to be associated with @entity5 outcomes qualitatively similar to those associated with occupational exposures. Further investigations of fibers are needed to characterize the relationships among physicochemical properties, patterns of migration and clearance, dose, and adverse health effects. Transmission electron microscopy has been found to be the preferred method of analysis of environmental fibers. Relations among time factors (e.g., age at first exposure), dose, and risk for adverse health effects require analyses of existing and new epidemiologic studies of exposed cohorts. Concomitant exposure, behavioral factors, and host factors affecting susceptibility to @entity1355 should be identified.

title: Contribution of environmental fibers to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancer', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancers', 'lung cancer', 'non-asbestos-related lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['respiratory cancer']


abstract: Premature @entity731 in @entity753 @entity1 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity1 with primary @entity6340 (LDL- @entity165 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity1 @entity753 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity753 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity753 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity753 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity165 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity753 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of @entity1 vascular cells by serum from @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity6340 :: ('MESH:D006938', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6340 :: (MESH:D006938,Disease) :: ['hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia']