abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11597 ( @entity11597 ) are rare @entity5 accounting for less than 5% of @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents. They differ from those diagnosed in adults by their presentation, histology, evolution and treatment modalities. @entity11597 occur mostly in @entity1 less than 6 months. @entity4 is often the only symptom, but signs of hormonal secretion with @entity247 may be present. Juvenile granulosa @entity11597 is the main histologic subtype. Sertoli SCTs are much less frequent while Leydig @entity5 occurred in older @entity1 and adolescents. Prognosis is excellent after inguinal orchiectomy. Testis sparing surgery could be performed but indications and modalities have to be strongly defined. Ovarian @entity11597 are diagnosed in older @entity1 and adolescents and present with abdominal symptoms and/or signs of hormonal secretion: estrogenic manifestations (isosexual pseudoprecocity, menometrorrhagia) or @entity23718 (hirsutism, @entity2588 ). Main histologic subtype is juvenile granulosa (rarely Sertoli-Leydig). If oophorectomy (or salpingo-oophorectomy) may be curative for localized disease, adjuvant @entity900 -containing chemotherapy is mandatory in case of @entity5 rupture or peritoneal dissemination to prevent recurrences. Because of the rarity of these @entity5 , concerted multidisciplinary cares are required to best adapt therapeutic strategy before any surgical intervention.

title: [Specificities of sex-cord XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gonadal tumors', 'pediatric tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular swelling']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity11597 :: ('MESH:D018312', 'Disease') :: ['Sex-cord stromal tumors', 'Testicular SCT', 'SCT']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity23718 :: ('MESH:D014770', 'Disease') :: ['virilization']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stromal tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11597 ( @entity11597 ) are rare @entity5 accounting for less than 5% of @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents. They differ from those diagnosed in adults by their presentation, histology, evolution and treatment modalities. @entity11597 occur mostly in @entity1 less than 6 months. @entity4 is often the only symptom, but signs of hormonal secretion with @entity247 may be present. Juvenile granulosa @entity11597 is the main histologic subtype. Sertoli SCTs are much less frequent while Leydig @entity5 occurred in older @entity1 and adolescents. Prognosis is excellent after inguinal orchiectomy. Testis sparing surgery could be performed but indications and modalities have to be strongly defined. Ovarian @entity11597 are diagnosed in older @entity1 and adolescents and present with abdominal symptoms and/or signs of hormonal secretion: estrogenic manifestations (isosexual pseudoprecocity, menometrorrhagia) or @entity23718 (hirsutism, @entity2588 ). Main histologic subtype is juvenile granulosa (rarely Sertoli-Leydig). If oophorectomy (or salpingo-oophorectomy) may be curative for localized disease, adjuvant @entity900 -containing chemotherapy is mandatory in case of @entity5 rupture or peritoneal dissemination to prevent recurrences. Because of the rarity of these @entity5 , concerted multidisciplinary cares are required to best adapt therapeutic strategy before any surgical intervention.

title: [Specificities of sex-cord @entity5 in XXXX and adolescents].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Euglena produces paramylon as a storage polysaccharide, and is thought to require b-1,3-glucan degrading enzymes to release and utilize the accumulated @entity1735 . To investigate b-1,3-glucan degradation in Euglena, endo-1,3-b-glucanases were partially purified from @entity4051 by hydrophobic, gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. Tryptic digests and mass-spectrometric analysis identified three proteins in the purified fraction as a member of glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 17 and two members of GH81. These genes were cloned from an Euglena cDNA pool by PCR. EgCel17A fused with a @entity3793 -tag at the @entity1473 terminus was heterologously produced by @entity12799 and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Purified EgCel17A had a molecular weight of about 40kDa by @entity214 -PAGE, which was identical to that deduced from its @entity3689 sequence. The enzyme showed hydrolytic activity towards b-1,3-glucans such as @entity26538 and paramylon. Maximum activity of @entity26538 degradation by EgCel17A was attained at pH 4.0-5.5 and 60  C after 1h incubation or 50  C after 20h incubation. The enzyme had a Km of 0.21mg/ml and a Vmax of 40.5units/mg protein for @entity26538 degradation at pH 5.0 and 50  C. Furthermore, EgCel17A catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction by which reaction products with a higher molecular weight than the supplied substrates were initially generated; however, ultimately the substrates were degraded into @entity413 , @entity40145 and @entity72959 . EgCel17A effectively produced soluble b-1,3-glucans from alkaline-treated Euglena freeze-dried powder containing paramylon. Thus, EgCel17 is the first functional endo-1,3-b-glucanase to be identified from @entity4051 .

title: Identification and enzymatic characterization of an endo-1,3-b-glucanase from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity26538 :: ('MESH:C008247', 'Chemical') :: ['laminarin']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity72959 :: ('CHEBI:55514', 'Chemical') :: ['laminaritriose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity40145 :: ('MESH:C014637', 'Chemical') :: ['laminaribiose']

entities_list: @entity4051 :: ('3039', 'Species') :: ['Euglena gracilis', 'E. gracilis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity4051 :: (3039,Species) :: ['Euglena gracilis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 seeking emergency care for @entity490 still experience poor @entity158 management. @entity158 intensity is not always seen as a mandatory parameter in the initial nurse assessment. Despite the development of nurse-initiated analgesic protocols, many @entity1 do not receive analgesics in the emergency department. The aim of this study was to describe initial nursing assessment related to @entity158 management and to identify predictors for receiving or not receiving analgesics in the emergency department. The sample consists of 100 @entity1 from an intervention group in a previously undertaken Swedish intervention study. The main findings were that the registered nurses assessed 62 @entity1 as being in need of analgesics, and that 52 of these obtained analgesics. The majority of the @entity1 assessed as not being in need of analgesics did not receive analgesics because they did not want medication. Median value for @entity158 intensity at initial assessment was 6 on the numerical rating scale. The results for the logistic regression (n  =  80) showed significant differences between receiving analgesics/not receiving analgesics and the predictor @entity158 intensity (measured at initial nurse assessment). Nurses in emergency departments play a crucial role, in that their initial assessment is of specific importance for the @entity1 's further care and whether the @entity1 may or may not receive analgesics. However, more attention has to be paid to @entity1 ' experiences and their expectations regarding the @entity158 management in the emergency department. These complex questions have to be studied further in a more systematic way.

title: To Receive or Not to Receive Analgesics in the Emergency Department: The Importance of the XXXX Intensity Assessment and Initial Nursing Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) widely occurs among victims or witness of disasters. With flashbacks, hyperarousal, and avoidance being the typical symptoms, @entity1005 became a focus of psychological research. The earthquake in Wenchuan, China, on May 12, 2008, was without precedent in magnitude and aftermath and caused huge damage, which drew scientists' attention to mental health of the survivors. We conducted a systematic overview by collecting published articles from the PubMed database and classifying them into five points: epidemiology, neuropathology, biochemistry, genetics and epigenetics, and treatment. The large body of research during the past 6 years showed that adolescents and adults were among the most studied populations with high prevalence rates for @entity1005 . Genomic and transcriptomic studies focusing on gene * environment studies as well as epigenetics are still rare, although a few available data showed great potential to better understand the pathophysiology of @entity1005 as @entity66 . Phytotherapy with Chinese herbs and acupuncture are rarely reported as of yet, although the first published data indicated promising therapy effects. Future studies should focus on the following points: (1) The affected populations under observation should be better defined concerning individual risk factor, time of observation, @entity717 , and individual disease courses of @entity1 . (2) The role of social support for prevalence rates of @entity1005 should be observed in more detail. (3) Efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine should be studied to find potential interventions and effective treatments of @entity1005 .

title: Systematic Review on Post-Traumatic XXXX Among Survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['spatial movement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Stress Disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 (ACOS) is associated with rapid decline in lung function, poorer health-related quality-of-life outcomes, and frequent exacerbations, compared to @entity1030 alone. Although the numbers of @entity1 with ACOS have increased, there is little established evidence regarding diagnostic criteria and treatment options. Thus, the aim of our study was to clarify the clinical, physiological, and radiological features of @entity1 with ACOS. METHODS: We examined a total of 100 @entity1 with @entity1030 and 40 @entity1 with ACOS, who were selected based on clinical criteria. All @entity1 underwent baseline testing, including a @entity1030 assessment test, pulmonary function tests, and multidetector row computed tomography imaging. Percentage of low attenuation volume, percentage of wall area, and percentage of total cross-sectional area of pulmonary vessels less than 5 mm(2) (%CSA <5) were determined using multidetector row computed tomography. ACOS @entity1 were administered a fixed dose of @entity4184 / @entity6410 (160/4.5  g, two inhalations; twice daily) for 12 weeks, after which the ACOS @entity1 underwent multidetector row computed tomography to measure the same parameters. RESULTS: At baseline, the ACOS @entity1 and @entity1030 @entity1 had a similar degree of airflow limitation, vital capacity, and residual volume. ACOS @entity1 had higher @entity1030 assessment test scores, percentage of wall area, and %CSA <5 than @entity1030 @entity1 . Compared to baseline, @entity4184 / @entity6410 treatment significantly increased the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and decreased the degree of airway wall thickness (percentage of wall area) as well as pulmonary microvascular density (%CSA <5) in ACOS @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ACOS is characterized by an airway lesion-dominant phenotype, in contrast to @entity1030 . Higher %CSA <5 might be a characteristic feature of ACOS.

title: Clinical, physiological, and radiological features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many biominerals form from amorphous @entity4959 ( @entity72960 ), but this phase is highly unstable when synthesised in its pure form inorganically. Several species of earthworm secrete @entity4959 granules which contain highly stable @entity72960 . We analysed the milky fluid from which granules form and solid granules for @entity3689 (by liquid chromatography) and functional group (by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) compositions. Granule elemental composition was determined using @entity8450 ( @entity13359 ) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Mass of @entity72960 present in solid granules was quantified using FTIR and compared to granule elemental and @entity3689 compositions. Bulk analysis of granules was of powdered bulk material. Spatially resolved analysis was of thin sections of granules using synchrotron-based  -FTIR and EMPA electron microprobe analysis. RESULTS: The milky fluid from which granules form is @entity3689 -rich ( <= 136    3 nmol mg(-1) (n = 3;    std dev) per individual @entity3689 ); the @entity16415 phase present is @entity72960 . Even four years after production, granules contain @entity72960 . No correlation exists between mass of @entity72960 present and granule elemental composition. Granule @entity3689 concentrations correlate well with @entity72960 content (r >=  0.7, p  <= 0.05) consistent with a role for @entity1522 (or the proteins they make up) in @entity72960 stabilisation. Intra-granule variation in @entity72960 (RSD = 16%) and @entity3689 concentration (RSD = 22-35%) was high for granules produced by the same earthworm. Maps of @entity72960 distribution produced using synchrotron-based  -FTIR mapping of granule thin sections and the relative intensity of the   2:   4 peak ratio, cluster analysis and component regression using @entity72960 and calcite standards showed similar spatial distributions of likely @entity72960 -rich and calcite-rich areas. We could not identify organic peaks in the  -FTIR spectra and thus could not determine whether @entity72960 -rich domains also had relatively high @entity3689 concentrations. No correlation exists between @entity72960 distribution and elemental concentrations determined by EMPA. CONCLUSIONS: @entity72960 present in earthworm @entity16415 granules is highly stable. Our results suggest a role for @entity1522 (or proteins) in this stability. We see no evidence for stabilisation of @entity72960 by incorporation of inorganic components. Graphical abstractSynchrotron-based  -FTIR mapping was used to determine the spatial distribution of amorphous @entity4959 in earthworm-produced @entity16415 granules.

title: Biomineralisation by earthworms - an investigation into the stability and distribution of amorphous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy']

answer: @entity4959 :: (MESH:D002119,Chemical) :: ['calcium carbonate']


abstract: Electrodermal activity (EDA) and electrodermal biofeedback, when integrated with pharmacologic treatments, indicate promising methods for the treatment of grand mal @entity410 . They can be used to monitor @entity1 arousal and help @entity1 learn new strategies to better cope with stress and @entity148 . Our proposed method can possibly reduce the number of crises for @entity1 who are dependent on pharmacologic therapy and can improve their quality of life. This article describes the scientific background of electrodermal monitoring and electrodermal biofeedback for @entity1 affected by grand mal @entity410 . In this study, we have reported a clinical case study. The @entity1 was treated for 2 years with electrodermal biofeedback to augment pharmacologic treatments. The trial has been designed in accordance with "n = 1 case study research". Our results have shown that our methods could achieve a significant @entity3173 and sympathetic arousal when applied. The @entity1 under consideration was also relaxed and exhibited greater competency to cope with stress. Additionally, the @entity1 's sense of mastery and self-efficacy was enhanced.

title: Integrating electrodermal biofeedback into pharmacologic treatment of grand mal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in grand mal seizures']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Gold Micro Shunt (GMS) for @entity5173 in @entity1 with @entity726 . METHODS: This is a prospective uncontrolled case series study. Fifty-five eyes of 55 @entity1 were included. Study eyes underwent GMS implantation in the supraciliary space. Follow-up visits were performed on day 1, week 1 and months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24; @entity1 underwent slit-lamp examination, Goldmann applanation tonometry, ultrasound biomicroscopy and gonioscopy. RESULTS: Before inclusion, the eyes underwent an average (   SD) of 1.9    0.7 (range 1-5) previous @entity726 surgery procedures. Forty eyes were pseudophakic, 12 were phakic and 3 were aphakic. The mean baseline intraocular pressure was 30.8    8.8 mm Hg (range 22-58 mm Hg) despite maximal medical treatment. After 2 years of follow-up, qualified success was achieved in 37 eyes (67.3%) and complete success was achieved in 3 eyes (5.5%). In success group @entity1 , mean intraocular pressure decreased from 27.6    6.9 at baseline to 13.7    2.98 mm Hg after 2 years of follow-up; the mean (   SD) number of medications was 1.4    0.7 in the postoperative phase, compared with a value of 2.5    0.9 in the preoperative phase. Mild side effects occurred in 21 @entity1 , with mild or moderate @entity86 being the most frequent one. Development of a thin membrane, obstructing the anterior holes, was the most important factor affecting the efficacy of this device; it was found to be present in 12 @entity1 from the failure group (66.7% of failures). CONCLUSION: GMS achieved qualified success in about 67.3% of eyes with uncontrolled @entity726 with a low rate of complications.

title: Supraciliary shunt in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['suprachoroidal drainage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hyphema']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'refractory glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['refractory glaucoma']


abstract: Ultrasonography has been used to detect fetal @entity299 since the 1980s, although there has been little uniformity in policy. In the UK, data published for 1993-1995 found an average detection rate of 23.4% with a Scottish rate of 9.6%. At the time of this study, 10 out of the 14 health boards in Scotland were implementing the 16-22-week @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ). The aims of this study were to determine the rate of antenatal diagnosis of @entity299 ( @entity299 ) throughout Scotland during 1 January to 31 December 2006, to document the regional differences in detection and to determine if implementation of a @entity2241 significantly improved rates. Retrospective data were collected from the centralized Paediatric Cardiac Services in Edinburgh and Glasgow. The database contains information on all @entity1 with @entity299 in Scotland. All @entity1 requiring cardiac intervention or dying in the first year of life were included. The results showed that the antenatal diagnosis rate for Scotland was 28% (95% CI 21.2%, 34.9%). The Scottish health boards that had implemented the @entity2241 had a significantly higher antenatal detection rate (  (2) test P = 0.037). In conclusion, antenatal detection rate of @entity299 varies widely throughout Scotland. Implementation of the @entity2241 has made a significant difference to antenatal diagnosis.

title: The antenatal detection rate of XXXX in Scotland.

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FAS', 'fetal anomaly scan']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease', 'major congenital heart disease', 'congenital heart disease', 'MCHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['major congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of @entity16 in persistent @entity158 after thoracotomy, combining a clinical follow-up and a psychophysical examination of the operated area. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 were followed and examined at their discharge from hospital, 6 weeks and 4 months after pneumonectomy under thoracotomy. Spontaneous and evoked @entity158 was assessed by clinical examination, a 7-day @entity158 score, and the @entity9 Symptom Inventory. At the fourth month follow-up, @entity158 and tolerance thresholds to pinprick, heat, and warm sensation threshold were measured on both sides of the thorax. RESULTS: The rate of spontaneous @entity158 was 40% at discharge and went up to 59% at the sixth week follow-up. @entity158 was rare at discharge (11%), most cases appearing at the sixth week follow-up (47%). The evolution profiles of @entity158 between the sixth week and the fourth month follow-up were heterogeneous with a tendency to decrease. Young age, female sex, and spontaneous @entity158 observed at discharge from hospital were identified as early predictive factors of spontaneous @entity158 persisting at the fourth month follow-up. On the side of operation, thresholds tended to increase for warm and hot stimuli, and to decrease for mechanical stimuli. At the fourth month follow-up, spontaneous @entity158 and evoked @entity158 were associated to @entity1931 , persisting @entity1183 , low mechanical thresholds, altered sensation of heat, and impaired quality of life. DISCUSSION: @entity1897 is common after thoracotomy, with variant characteristics, ranging from subclinical disturbances to severe @entity158 . The process seems to develop between the discharge from hospital and the sixth week after thoracotomy.

title: Characteristics of the XXXX induced by thoracotomy: a 4-month follow-up study with psychophysical examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['static hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Evoked pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parent @entity432 is sometimes required to treat @entity75 . OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the Nfocus LUNA parent vessel occlusion (PVO) device in comparison with the Vascular Plug ( @entity28207 ) used in the peripheral vasculature for large-vessel occlusion in a @entity235 animal model. METHODS: The subclavian arteries were targeted for occlusion in 7 @entity235 . Each animal received 1 LUNA and 1 AVP device sequentially rotated between the left and right subclavian arteries. Angiographic assessment was performed serially after device placement until vessel occlusion was observed and then again immediately before the animal was killed. Three animals were euthanized at 1 month and 4 at 2 months post-implantation, after which the native artery segments containing the implanted device were harvested and preserved for subsequent histological analysis. RESULTS: The LUNA PVO device and the AVP were accurately positioned and deployed in all cases. Acute occlusion times for the devices were not statistically different. In no instance was there any evidence of device @entity4222 . At 28 and 55 days, the LUNA implants showed nearly complete occlusion with small recanalization channels, whereas the AVP devices were associated with low occlusion levels and large residual vascular channels within the occluder. CONCLUSION: The LUNA PVO device and delivery system can be accurately placed to occlude vessels without @entity4222 and with a performance that is similar to the AVP. The LUNA PVO device on average provided a higher degree of occlusion durability at both 1 and 2 months.

title: Evaluation of the Nfocus LUNA, a new parent vessel occlusion device: a comparative study in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: In this study the author proposes to compare eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) and an odontoiatric spray solution of 10% @entity3303 (Ecocain) for surgical debridement in @entity3179 . Approach: Fifty @entity1 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups (A, B). All of them have venous leg @entity1066 in the medial and/or lateral malleolar region. Group A: topical anesthetic EMLA with film occlusion. Group B: topical anesthesia with Ecocain. The author proceeded to surgical debridement after local anesthesia. A questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to assess the amount of @entity158 felt during the debridement and during the following 6   h. Results: The analysis of the VAS revealed no major significant differences statistically. The analysis of the questionnaires showed @entity1 treated with Ecocain took more analgesic drugs. Analysis of the timing and quality of procedure showed that Ecocain reduced the timing of debridement and dressing change, improving the outpatient management and @entity1 compliance. Innovations: For rapid debridement, the most appropriate is to use Ecocain. Conclusion: Methods of local anesthesia are multiple and must be identified according to the needs of the @entity1 and the surgeon trying to get the best anesthesia with minimal use of time and resources.

title: EMLA and XXXX Spray: A Comparison for Surgical Debridement in @entity3179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: In this study the author proposes to compare eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) and an odontoiatric spray solution of 10% @entity3303 (Ecocain) for surgical debridement in @entity3179 . Approach: Fifty @entity1 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups (A, B). All of them have venous leg @entity1066 in the medial and/or lateral malleolar region. Group A: topical anesthetic EMLA with film occlusion. Group B: topical anesthesia with Ecocain. The author proceeded to surgical debridement after local anesthesia. A questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to assess the amount of @entity158 felt during the debridement and during the following 6   h. Results: The analysis of the VAS revealed no major significant differences statistically. The analysis of the questionnaires showed @entity1 treated with Ecocain took more analgesic drugs. Analysis of the timing and quality of procedure showed that Ecocain reduced the timing of debridement and dressing change, improving the outpatient management and @entity1 compliance. Innovations: For rapid debridement, the most appropriate is to use Ecocain. Conclusion: Methods of local anesthesia are multiple and must be identified according to the needs of the @entity1 and the surgeon trying to get the best anesthesia with minimal use of time and resources.

title: EMLA and @entity3303 Spray: A Comparison for Surgical Debridement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['Venous Leg Ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the standard procedure for treatment of @entity14 . Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be performed for resection of larger @entity5 , but has not been studied in the colorectum because of technical difficulties and complications. We compared outcomes and complications after resection of @entity14 larger than 20 mm diameter by ESD and EMR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 104 @entity14 treated with EMR from 1995 to 2004, and 85 @entity14 treated with ESD from 2005 to 2009. We compared the @entity5 location, shape, size, procedure time, en bloc resection rate, recurrence rate, and associated complications between the treatments. RESULTS: @entity5 treated with ESD were larger (31.6    9.0 vs. 25.5    6.8 mm, P<0.001), incurred a longer procedure time (87.2    49.7 vs. 29.4    26.1 min, P<0.001), had a higher en bloc resection rate [71 of 85 @entity5 (83.5%) vs. 50 of 104 @entity5 (48.1%), P<0.001], and had a lower recurrence rate [one of 84 @entity5 (1.2%) vs. 16 of 104 @entity5 (15.4%); P=0.002] compared with EMR. Perforation occurred in five (5.9%) cases after ESD and in none after EMR (P=0.04). @entity86 occurred in two (2.4%) and three (2.9%) cases after ESD and EMR (P=not significant), respectively. Although 11 of 16 cases with recurrence after EMR were cured by additional endoscopic treatment, three cases required surgery. The only recurrence after ESD was in one @entity1 who developed perforation after snare EMR. CONCLUSION: Despite its longer procedure time and higher perforation rate, ESD resulted in a higher en bloc resection rate and lower recurrence rate for larger @entity14 compared with EMR.

title: Comparison of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: @entity912 ( @entity912 ) is a condition characterised by @entity4589 due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to @entity2743 . We report a case of a 31-year-old @entity1 with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, @entity353 and @entity7374 . On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand @entity400 were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of @entity1378 was made. Three months after initial presentation, the @entity1 presented in emergency with severe @entity925 and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous @entity972 . A diagnosis of @entity2106 was established. After initial presentation, the @entity1 was treated with @entity5012 and @entity1169 . Once he was euthyroid, radioactive @entity1496 ablation therapy (15   mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the @entity1 's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on @entity1955 replacement and there has been no recurrence of @entity4589 .

title: XXXX in @entity2743 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness of voice']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis', 'TPP']

answer: @entity4589 :: (MESH:D012133,Disease) :: ['Muscle paralysis']


abstract: @entity912 ( @entity912 ) is a condition characterised by @entity4589 due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to @entity2743 . We report a case of a 31-year-old @entity1 with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, @entity353 and @entity7374 . On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand @entity400 were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of @entity1378 was made. Three months after initial presentation, the @entity1 presented in emergency with severe @entity925 and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous @entity972 . A diagnosis of @entity2106 was established. After initial presentation, the @entity1 was treated with @entity5012 and @entity1169 . Once he was euthyroid, radioactive @entity1496 ablation therapy (15   mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the @entity1 's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on @entity1955 replacement and there has been no recurrence of @entity4589 .

title: @entity4589 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity3352 for urgent management of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) due to @entity879 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity1 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity1443 @entity137 developed @entity2657 and @entity428 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity1 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity1 's severely elevated @entity428 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity1 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity3352 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity428 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity1 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity3352 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity3352 use were documented. Although the @entity1 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity1 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity3352 was successfully used to decrease @entity428 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: XXXX for treatment of refractory @entity428 secondary to @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['Indomethacin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity3352 for urgent management of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) due to @entity879 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity1 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity1443 @entity137 developed @entity2657 and @entity428 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity1 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity1 's severely elevated @entity428 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity1 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity3352 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity428 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity1 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity3352 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity3352 use were documented. Although the @entity1 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity1 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity3352 was successfully used to decrease @entity428 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: @entity3352 for treatment of refractory XXXX secondary to @entity879 .

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity3352 for urgent management of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) due to @entity879 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity1 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity1443 @entity137 developed @entity2657 and @entity428 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity1 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity1 's severely elevated @entity428 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity1 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity3352 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity428 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity1 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity3352 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity3352 use were documented. Although the @entity1 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity1 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity3352 was successfully used to decrease @entity428 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: @entity3352 for treatment of refractory @entity428 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: AIM: Breast-conserving surgery with radiation therapy is the primary treatment for @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). Re-excision is indicated when clear resection margins have not been achieved, although in some cases the procedure may be unnecessary as there is no @entity41 . The purpose of our three-Center retrospective study was to identify predictors of positive re-excision findings following breast-conserving surgery for @entity3821 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 285 @entity1 underwent re-excision following conservative treatment for @entity3821 between 01/01/08 and 12/31/13 at three @entity0 referral Centers. We conducted a retrospective, comparative review of the factors that differentiated @entity1 with a @entity41 from those without. The study was based on clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological criteria. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 (63%) had @entity41 after conservative treatment. Six factors were predictive on univariate analysis: young age (p=0.025), non-menopausal status (p=0.016), absence of preoperative biopsy (p=0.0029), high nuclear grade (p=0.0181), lesion size >30 mm (p=0.032), and positive surgical margins (p=0.0016). Four factors remained independently predictive on multivariate analysis: non-menopausal status (p=0.0017), high nuclear grade (p=0.0031), lesion size >30 mm (p=0.012) and positive surgical margins (p=0.0013). We calculated a 93% probability of positive re-excision findings if all four factors were combined. On the other hand, if none of the factors were present, the rate fell to 18%. CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity3821 , where risk factors for both involved lumpectomy margins and recurrence are carefully studied, knowledge of the risk factors for @entity41 can help guide therapeutic choices.

title: Non-menopausal Status, High Nuclear Grade, Tumor Size >30 mm and Positive Resection Margins Are Predictors of XXXX After Lumpectomy for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast-cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['Residual Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity6 often present with pedal wounds resistant to standard wound healing modalities and become chronic in nature. These chronic wounds in @entity6 @entity1 have a high incidence of complications including @entity281 and amputation. Negative pressure wound therapy has been found to facilitate healing of the stagnant pedal wound. This protocol was designed to determine wound closure rates using a unique negative pressure wound therapy system that delivers vacuum-assisted wound closure with a simultaneous irrigation feature (Svedman Wound Treatment System). METHODS: A prospective single center study was conducted in adults with @entity4760 >= cm(2) or more in size showing no signs of @entity922 , and having adequate blood flow. @entity1 received dressing changes and irrigation on a standard regimen with weekly wound assessments for a minimum of 6 weeks. RESULTS: 11 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 with a mean wound size of 2.4 cm   2.2 cm were treated with the device. A total of 14 of /19 (74%) @entity1 healed completely, with a median healing time of 34 days (range, 9-114). Eleven of 19 @entity1 (58%) healed within the 6-week evaluation period. For the 5 @entity1 who did not heal completely with the device, other treatments were utilized, including further wound debridement, muscle flaps, and skin grafting procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Negative pressure wound therapy with integrated irrigation was well tolerated by the @entity1 without complications related to the device application or irrigation feature. The data clearly suggests that this technology may be a promising alternative for the chronic nonhealing @entity6 wound.

title: A prospective study of negative pressure wound therapy with integrated irrigation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical infection']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: Background     @entity9814 is a complex issue encompassing a wide variety of diagnoses, many of which are caused or affected by adhesions. Objectives     The study intended to examine the rates of successful treatment of @entity249 @entity1 using a protocol of manual physical therapy to address underlying adhesive disease leading to @entity249 . Methods     The research team designed a retrospective chart review. Setting     The study took place in a private physical therapy clinic. @entity1     @entity1 were 1392 female @entity1 who were treated at the clinic between the years of 2002 and 2011. They had varying diagnoses of @entity249 , including occluded fallopian @entity409 , and @entity46 , and some @entity1 were undergoing @entity52 ( @entity52 ). Intervention     All @entity1 underwent whole-body, @entity1 -centered treatments that used a protocol of manual physical therapy, which focused on restoring mobility and motility to structures affecting reproductive function. Outcome Measures     Improvements demonstrated in the condition(s) causing @entity249 were measured by improvements in tubal patency and/or improved hormone levels or by pregnancy. Results     The results included a 60.85% rate of @entity5274 , with a 56.64% rate of pregnancy in those @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity46 experienced a 42.81% pregnancy rate. The success rate was 49.18% for lowering elevated levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), with a 39.34% pregnancy rate in that group, and 53.57% of the @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) achieved pregnancy. The reported pregnancy rate for @entity1 who underwent @entity52 after the therapy was 56.16%. The results also suggested that the treatment was effective for @entity1 with @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ). Conclusion     The manual physical therapy represented an effective, conservative treatment for @entity1 diagnosed as @entity249 due to mechanical causes, independent of the specific etiology.

title: Ten-year Retrospective Study on the Efficacy of a Manual Physical Therapy to Treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tubes, hormonal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['clearing occluded fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity9814 :: ('MESH:D007247', 'Disease') :: ['Female infertility']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity9814 :: (MESH:D007247,Disease) :: ['Female Infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity5 at a single institution for 20 years and to compare the results according to the chemotherapy protocols. METHODS: From Jan 1988 to Nov 2008, 167 @entity1 with @entity421 were treated at our hospital and among them, 117 @entity1 (67 males and 50 females) with @entity5 were evaluable. Their mean age was 22.6 years (range, 8 months to 71 years). Seventy-eight cases underwent the modified T10 (M-T10) protocol (group 1), 23 cases underwent the T20 protocol (group 2) and 16 cases underwent the @entity7279 protocol (group 3). The DFS and @entity1349 were calculated and compared according to the chemotherapy protocols. RESULTS: At a mean follow-up of 78.9 months, 63 @entity1 were continuously disease-free (63/117), 6 @entity1 were alive after having metastatic lesions, 7 @entity1 died of other cause and 41 @entity1 died of their disease. The 5- and 10-year @entity1349 rates were 60.2% and 44.8%, respectively and the 5- and 10-year DFS rates were 53.5% and 41.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the @entity1349 and DFS between the chemotherapy protocols (p = 0.692, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS: At present, we achieved success rates close to the internationally accepted DFS and @entity1349 . We were able to achieve the higher survival rates using the M-T10 protocol over the 20 years. However, there was no significant difference of results between the chemotherapy protocols. We think the M-T10 protocol will achieve more favorable results in the near future.

title: Long-term survivals of stage IIb XXXX : a 20-year experience in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIB osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2742 after neck exploration may have a mediastinal parathyroid gland that has not been identified reliably with a single radiologic study. We report 17 @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive resection for mediastinal @entity3243 after confirmatory multipoint radiologic imaging. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 underwent thoracoscopic procedures and 2 @entity1 underwent mediastinoscopic procedures for resection of suspected mediastinal @entity3243 . Preoperative localizing studies included sestamibi scan, computed tomography scan of the neck and chest, and selective venous sampling of parathyroid hormone levels. Once a mediastinal location was determined, thoracoscopic or mediastinoscopic resection was performed. Successful removal of parathyroid tissue was confirmed with a 50% or greater reduction in intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels. RESULTS: @entity3243 was resected in 88% of @entity1 after the operation. The cure rate was 100% in @entity1 with two or more concordant studies locating parathyroid tissue in the mediastinum and 60% in those with one positive study. The thoracostomy tube was removed on median postoperative day 1 (range, 0 to 2 days). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range, 2 to 7 days). The most common complication was @entity3747 , which occurred in 18% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is an effective treatment of @entity2742 caused by mediastinal parathyroid tissue. Targeted exploration depends on the guidance of preoperative localization studies and measurement of intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels to verify successful resection. Selective venous sampling and high-resolution computed tomography scanning can be helpful in @entity1 with negative sestamibi scans.

title: Optimizing the minimally invasive approach to mediastinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid adenoma', 'parathyroid adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'refractory hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['temporary hypocalcemia']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid adenomas']


abstract: There is considerable variability in the susceptibility of individuals to the adverse effects of chronic stress. In @entity1 and other mammals, individual traits such as high @entity148 are proposed as a vulnerability factor for the development of @entity66 . In the present study, we tested whether a similar behavioural trait in birds, higher emotional reactivity, also favours the occurrence of chronic stress-related behavioural and physiological dysfunction. For this, lines of @entity5872 divergently selected for a typical fear response in birds, the duration of tonic immobility, were subjected to unpredictable aversive stimulation over 2 weeks. Previous studies demonstrate that the selection program modifies the general underlying emotionality of the birds rather than exerting its effect only on tonic immobility. Interestingly, only birds selected for their higher emotionality exhibited significantly enhanced latency to first step and decreased locomotor activity in the open-field test after exposure to chronic stress compared to non-stressed control birds. This effect of chronic stress was selective for the tested dimension of bird emotional reactivity because there was no observed effect on the tonic immobility response. Moreover, chronically stressed birds selected for their higher emotionality exhibited significantly decreased basal @entity2819 levels, a physiological marker of stress. These findings show that chronic stress is associated with changes in emotional reactivity and related physiological markers in birds. They also highlight emotional reactivity as an important predisposing factor for the occurrence of the adverse effects of chronic stress in birds.

title: Higher inherent fearfulness potentiates the effects of chronic stress in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stress-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity260 are key outcomes of surgical procedures, but currently there is no uniform quantitative measure of complication severity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and establish feasibility of quantitative morbidity scores for several common abdominal surgical procedures. STUDY DESIGN: Using American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data, complications were identified in 5 common abdominal procedures for one institution in 2005-2008, including @entity169 , appendectomy, laparoscopic colectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Complications were graded by the 6-level "expanded" Accordion Severity Grading System. Quantification was performed using severity scores described previously. RESULTS: Six hundred and seventy-six procedures were identified, including 88 @entity1 (13.84%) who had complications and 5 @entity1 (0.79%) who died. After severity weighting, the postoperative morbidity index (PMI) for each procedure was derived. An index of 0 would indicate no complication in any @entity1 and an index of 1.000 would indicate that all operated @entity1 died. PMIs were hernia repair 0.005; appendectomy 0.031; laparoscopic colectomy 0.082; hepatectomy 0.145; and pancreaticoduodenectomy 0.150. PMI of hepatectomy was greatly affected by the presence of a second procedure, ie, 0.070 without a second procedure and 0.427 with a second procedure. Weighted severity spectragrams were developed, portraying the impact of each grade of complication on overall morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Quantification of severity of @entity260 is possible using American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program methods and the Accordion Severity Grading System. Procedural PMI can be useful in assessing surgical outcomes. Certain limitations, particularly the need for risk adjustment, still need to be addressed.

title: Postoperative morbidity index: a quantitative measure of severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to establish the feasibility of the management of recurrent @entity5 by robot-assisted laparoscopy, and particularly the feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopy anterior pelvic exenteration, from a single center series of seven @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From February 2007 to April 2010, all @entity1 cared for recurrent @entity5 have been included (n=7). Five @entity1 have been cared for a cervical @entity5 , one @entity1 for recurrent VAIN 3, and one @entity1 for @entity957 of the vaginal vault after hysterectomy for @entity2622 in situ. All @entity1 were benefited from robot-assisted laparoscopy: two had surgery such as anterior pelvic exenteration with Miami Pouch urinary reconstruction, and five had colpectomy with or without lymph node removal, including one with vaginal preparation first before vaginal cuff resection. Data were collected prospectively identifying treatment history, intraoperative data, immediate outcomes, pathological findings, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: From February 2007 to April 2010, 195 @entity1 underwent robot-assisted laparoscopy at the Institut Paoli-Calmettes. Among them, seven @entity1 had pelvic @entity5 . The median age was 53 years (44 to 67). The median BMI was 25 (19.7 to 35.3). The median Karnofsky index was 100 (80-100). The median operative time was 210 min (90 to 300) for colpectomy, 480 min for pelvectomy, 240 min (90-480) for the serie. The mean duration of the installation of the robot, all procedures combined, is estimated at 22.5 min (  4.8 min). There was no conversion to laparotomy, the median @entity190 was 340 ml (100 to 800). One @entity1 was transfused with two red blood cells. There was a surgical complication (wound of the inferior mesenteric artery). There were no early @entity260 and the median hospital stay was 6 days (3-24). There was a late @entity260 : a @entity1 who underwent anterior pelvic exenteration had @entity73 , with scarring requiring led by the VAC system. On pathological findings, the average number of nodes removed in the pelvic was 8.5 (  2) on the left, and 4 (  1.4) on the right. Three @entity1 had involved margins; it was an anterior pelvic exenteration and two colpectomy. There was no hospital mortality, neither post-operative mortality at D30 and D90. After a median follow up of 22 months (9-34), the recurrence rate was 71% (5 @entity1 out of 7), and one @entity1 died 10 months after the intervention of a @entity1151 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The surgical management of recurrent cervical @entity5 by laparoscopy-assisted robot is feasible for selected indications, and could be proposed as an alternative to laparotomy. Monitoring data in this series raise the question of the validity of conservative treatment in cases of recurrent @entity5 . The possibilities in terms of urinary and vaginal reconstruction remain to be defined. The impact of this surgical approach on oncological data must be confirmed.

title: [Robot-assisted laparoscopy in the management of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer recurrence', 'pelvic cancer', 'pelvic cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pelvic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The utility of sphenoidal electrodes (SPh) in analyzing @entity302 ( @entity302 ) and ictal electrography remains controversial, despite its widespread use. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with presumed @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) who underwent presurgical evaluation were prospectively studied. SPh and Silverman's electrodes were placed, in addition to routine electrodes in 10-20 international system. @entity302 and ictal electroencephalography (EEG) were analyzed separately in bipolar and referential montages. The proportion of @entity1 selected for surgery after adjusting for SPh placement based on the earlier ictal onset and @entity302 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 8701 @entity302 in SPh, only 65% were seen over the scalp @entity162 ; 1392 (16%) @entity302 were confined to SPh electrodes, and were not seen at scalp @entity162 (p<0.001). Spike amplitudes were highest at SPh (p<0.001). Of the 592 @entity410 analyzed, 62 (61%) had simultaneous SPh and scalp onset, while in 26 (25%) SPh onset preceded the scalp. CONCLUSIONS: Out of the 35 @entity1 with @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) with additional neocortical changes and/or non-lateralized bitemporal @entity302 and/or diffuse ictal onset (group 1), 27 were selected for surgery (77%). About 7% was selected for surgery in this group by SPh placement. Also, in @entity1 with bilateral @entity3877 (group 2), 25% (5/20) were chosen for anterior temporal lobectomy, SPh provided an additional benefit in 11% (p<0.001). @entity1 with normal magnetic resonance imaging (group 3) and @entity25474 (group 4) had a lower surgical yield, only 12% and 9.5% could undergo surgery. They were denied surgical candidacy with SPh (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE: One-third of @entity1 after SPh placement were selected for resective surgery obviating the need for invasive monitoring. The maximum yield was noted in unilateral @entity3877 (associated with additional neocortical features or non-lateralized bilateral temporal interictal @entity302 or diffuse ictal onset in scalp EEG) and in bilateral @entity3877 . Those with normal MRI/ @entity25474 could be excluded from direct resective surgery.

title: Do sphenoidal electrodes aid in surgical decision making in drug resistant XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis', 'MTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar montage']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['IEDs', 'interictal epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity25474 :: ('MESH:C536956', 'Disease') :: ['temporal plus epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of @entity28 needs effective approaches for @entity353 in primary care and community settings. We compared @entity353 with standard treatment in primary care with that achieved after referral by the primary care team to a commercial provider in the community. METHODS: In this parallel group, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial, 772 overweight and @entity28 adults were recruited by primary care practices in Australia, Germany, and the UK. @entity1 were randomly assigned with a computer-generated simple randomisation sequence to receive either 12 months of standard care as defined by national treatment guidelines, or 12 months of free membership to a commercial programme (Weight Watchers), and followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Analysis was by intention to treat (last observation carried forward [LOCF] and baseline observation carried forward [BOCF]) and in the population who completed the 12-month assessment. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN85485463. FINDINGS: 377 @entity1 were assigned to the commercial programme, of whom 230 (61%) completed the 12-month assessment; and 395 were assigned to standard care, of whom 214 (54%) completed the 12-month assessment. In all analyses, @entity1 in the commercial programme group lost twice as much weight as did those in the standard care group. Mean weight change at 12 months was -5  06 kg (SE 0  31) for those in the commercial programme versus -2  25 kg (0  21) for those receiving standard care (adjusted difference -2  77 kg, 95% CI -3  50 to -2  03) with LOCF; -4  06 kg (0  31) versus -1  77 kg (0  19; adjusted difference -2  29 kg, -2  99 to -1  58) with BOCF; and -6  65 kg (0  43) versus -3  26 kg (0  33; adjusted difference -3  16 kg, -4  23 to -2  11) for those who completed the 12-month assessment. @entity1 reported no adverse events related to trial participation. INTERPRETATION: Referral by a primary health-care professional to a commercial @entity353 programme that provides regular weighing, advice about diet and physical activity, motivation, and group support can offer a clinically useful early intervention for weight management in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 that can be delivered at large scale. FUNDING: Weight Watchers International, through a grant to the UK Medical Research Council.

title: Primary care referral to a commercial provider for XXXX treatment versus standard care: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'overweight and obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: @entity3147 during the earliest stages of life may result in innumerable brain problems. Moreover, this condition could increase the chances of developing @entity16 , such as @entity302 . We analyzed the effects of early-life @entity3147 on susceptibility to @entity302 induced by the @entity2134 model of @entity302 . @entity35 @entity35 pups were kept on a starvation regimen from day 1 to day 21 after birth. At day 60, 16 animals (8 = well-nourished; 8 = malnourished) were exposed to the @entity2134 experimental model of @entity302 . Age-matched well-nourished (n = 8) and malnourished (n = 8) @entity35 were used as controls. Animals were video-monitored over 9 weeks. The following behavioral parameters were evaluated: first @entity410 threshold (acute period of the @entity2134 model); @entity159 ( @entity159 ) latency; first spontaneous @entity410 latency (silent period), and spontaneous @entity410 frequency during the chronic phase. The cell and @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) density were evaluated in the hippocampal formation. Our results showed that the malnourished animals required a lower @entity2134 dose in order to develop @entity159 (200 mg/kg), lower latency to reach @entity159 , less time for the first spontaneous @entity410 and higher @entity410 frequency, when compared to well-nourished @entity2134 @entity35 . Histopathological findings revealed a significant cell density reduction in the CA1 region and intense @entity28802 among the malnourished animals. Our data indicate that early @entity3147 greatly influences susceptibility to @entity410 and behavioral manifestations in adult life. These findings suggest that @entity3147 in infancy reduces the threshold for @entity302 and promotes alterations in the brain that persist into adult life.

title: XXXX in infancy as a susceptibility factor for temporal lobe epilepsy in adulthood induced by the @entity2134 experimental model.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['mossy fiber sprouting', 'MFS']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['Malnutrition']


abstract: @entity3147 during the earliest stages of life may result in innumerable brain problems. Moreover, this condition could increase the chances of developing @entity16 , such as @entity302 . We analyzed the effects of early-life @entity3147 on susceptibility to @entity302 induced by the @entity2134 model of @entity302 . @entity35 @entity35 pups were kept on a starvation regimen from day 1 to day 21 after birth. At day 60, 16 animals (8 = well-nourished; 8 = malnourished) were exposed to the @entity2134 experimental model of @entity302 . Age-matched well-nourished (n = 8) and malnourished (n = 8) @entity35 were used as controls. Animals were video-monitored over 9 weeks. The following behavioral parameters were evaluated: first @entity410 threshold (acute period of the @entity2134 model); @entity159 ( @entity159 ) latency; first spontaneous @entity410 latency (silent period), and spontaneous @entity410 frequency during the chronic phase. The cell and @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) density were evaluated in the hippocampal formation. Our results showed that the malnourished animals required a lower @entity2134 dose in order to develop @entity159 (200 mg/kg), lower latency to reach @entity159 , less time for the first spontaneous @entity410 and higher @entity410 frequency, when compared to well-nourished @entity2134 @entity35 . Histopathological findings revealed a significant cell density reduction in the CA1 region and intense @entity28802 among the malnourished animals. Our data indicate that early @entity3147 greatly influences susceptibility to @entity410 and behavioral manifestations in adult life. These findings suggest that @entity3147 in infancy reduces the threshold for @entity302 and promotes alterations in the brain that persist into adult life.

title: @entity3147 in infancy as a susceptibility factor for temporal lobe epilepsy in adulthood induced by the XXXX experimental model.

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies support the use of endovascular treatment for @entity1755 , but few studies have examined the use of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 . We evaluated nationwide data regarding short-term outcomes of TEVAR and open aortic repair ( @entity52901 ) for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 . METHODS: From US Nationwide Inpatient Sample data, we identified 923 @entity1 who underwent @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 repair in 2006-2008 and who had no concomitant @entity2333 . Of these @entity1 , 364 (39.4%) underwent TEVAR and 559 (60.6%) underwent @entity52901 . Multivariable regression was used to assess the effect of TEVAR versus @entity52901 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality, complications, failure to rescue (defined as the mortality among @entity1 in whom a complication develops), and disposition. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of outcomes for each approach. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing TEVAR were older (72    12 years vs 65    15 years; P < .001) and had a higher Deyo comorbidity index (4.19    1.79 vs 3.14    2.05; P < .001) than @entity1 undergoing @entity52901 . Unadjusted mortality was 23.4% (85/364) for TEVAR and 28.6% (160/559) for @entity52901 . After risk adjustment, the odds of mortality, complications, and failure to rescue were similar for @entity52901 (P > .1 for all), but @entity1 undergoing TEVAR had a greater chance of routine discharge (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3; P < .001). An interaction was identified that linked hospital size and operative approach with risk of complications (P < .001). In smaller hospitals, TEVAR was associated with lower complication rates than @entity52901 (OR = 0.21; P < .05). Regression analysis revealed that smaller hospital size predicted significantly higher rates of mortality (OR = 2.4; P < .05), complications (OR = 4.0; P < .005), and failure to rescue (OR = 51.12; P < .001) in those undergoing @entity52901 but not in those undergoing TEVAR. Preexisting @entity8 substantially increased mortality risk (OR = 10.81; P < .001) and failure to rescue (OR = 309.54; P < .001) in @entity1 undergoing TEVAR. CONCLUSIONS: Nationwide data for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 reveal equivalent mortality, complication rates, and failure to rescue for TEVAR and @entity52901 but more frequent routine discharge with TEVAR. Unlike @entity52901 outcomes, TEVAR outcomes were not poorer in smaller hospitals, where TEVAR produced fewer complications than @entity52901 . Therefore, TEVAR may be an ideal alternative to @entity52901 for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 , particularly in small hospitals where expertise in @entity52901 may be lacking and immediate transfer to a higher echelon of care may not be feasible.

title: Endovascular versus open repair of XXXX descending thoracic aortic aneurysms: a nationwide risk-adjusted study of 923 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disorders']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent studies support the use of endovascular treatment for @entity1755 , but few studies have examined the use of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 . We evaluated nationwide data regarding short-term outcomes of TEVAR and open aortic repair ( @entity52901 ) for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 . METHODS: From US Nationwide Inpatient Sample data, we identified 923 @entity1 who underwent @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 repair in 2006-2008 and who had no concomitant @entity2333 . Of these @entity1 , 364 (39.4%) underwent TEVAR and 559 (60.6%) underwent @entity52901 . Multivariable regression was used to assess the effect of TEVAR versus @entity52901 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality, complications, failure to rescue (defined as the mortality among @entity1 in whom a complication develops), and disposition. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of outcomes for each approach. RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing TEVAR were older (72    12 years vs 65    15 years; P < .001) and had a higher Deyo comorbidity index (4.19    1.79 vs 3.14    2.05; P < .001) than @entity1 undergoing @entity52901 . Unadjusted mortality was 23.4% (85/364) for TEVAR and 28.6% (160/559) for @entity52901 . After risk adjustment, the odds of mortality, complications, and failure to rescue were similar for @entity52901 (P > .1 for all), but @entity1 undergoing TEVAR had a greater chance of routine discharge (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3; P < .001). An interaction was identified that linked hospital size and operative approach with risk of complications (P < .001). In smaller hospitals, TEVAR was associated with lower complication rates than @entity52901 (OR = 0.21; P < .05). Regression analysis revealed that smaller hospital size predicted significantly higher rates of mortality (OR = 2.4; P < .05), complications (OR = 4.0; P < .005), and failure to rescue (OR = 51.12; P < .001) in those undergoing @entity52901 but not in those undergoing TEVAR. Preexisting @entity8 substantially increased mortality risk (OR = 10.81; P < .001) and failure to rescue (OR = 309.54; P < .001) in @entity1 undergoing TEVAR. CONCLUSIONS: Nationwide data for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 reveal equivalent mortality, complication rates, and failure to rescue for TEVAR and @entity52901 but more frequent routine discharge with TEVAR. Unlike @entity52901 outcomes, TEVAR outcomes were not poorer in smaller hospitals, where TEVAR produced fewer complications than @entity52901 . Therefore, TEVAR may be an ideal alternative to @entity52901 for @entity397 descending thoracic @entity449 , particularly in small hospitals where expertise in @entity52901 may be lacking and immediate transfer to a higher echelon of care may not be feasible.

title: Endovascular versus open repair of @entity397 descending thoracic aortic aneurysms: a nationwide risk-adjusted study of 923 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infliximab is indicated for treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity1569 in adults whose disease cannot be controlled with other systemic therapies, including @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). To date, no studies have directly compared the efficacy and safety of infliximab and @entity1500 . OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. @entity1500 in adults with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . METHODS: @entity1500 -na  ve @entity1 (n = 868) were randomized 3:1 to receive infliximab 5 mg kg      at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22 or @entity1500 15 mg weekly with a dose increase to 20 mg weekly at week 6 if the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response was < 25%. At week 16, @entity1 with <   PASI 50 response could switch treatment groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was PASI 75 response at week 16. Major secondary efficacy endpoints were PASI 75 response at week 26, and the proportion of @entity1 achieving a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of cleared (0) or minimal (1) at weeks 16 and 26. Others included Dermatology Life Quality Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and @entity6987 , PASI 50, PASI 75 and PASI 90 responses over time. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was achieved by a significantly greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 (508/653, 78%) than @entity1500 -treated @entity1 (90/215, 42%; P < 0  001). Key secondary endpoints also were achieved by a greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 . Similar responses were observed at week 26 in @entity1 who switched from @entity1500 to infliximab at week 16. Overall adverse event (AE) incidence was comparable between groups, but incidence of serious and severe AEs was slightly higher in the infliximab group. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab was well tolerated and more efficacious than @entity1500 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . Infliximab also was efficacious in @entity1 who failed @entity1500 and switched to infliximab.

title: Efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. XXXX in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 : results of an open-label, active-controlled, randomized trial (RESTORE1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infliximab is indicated for treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity1569 in adults whose disease cannot be controlled with other systemic therapies, including @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). To date, no studies have directly compared the efficacy and safety of infliximab and @entity1500 . OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. @entity1500 in adults with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . METHODS: @entity1500 -na  ve @entity1 (n = 868) were randomized 3:1 to receive infliximab 5 mg kg      at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22 or @entity1500 15 mg weekly with a dose increase to 20 mg weekly at week 6 if the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response was < 25%. At week 16, @entity1 with <   PASI 50 response could switch treatment groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was PASI 75 response at week 16. Major secondary efficacy endpoints were PASI 75 response at week 26, and the proportion of @entity1 achieving a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of cleared (0) or minimal (1) at weeks 16 and 26. Others included Dermatology Life Quality Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and @entity6987 , PASI 50, PASI 75 and PASI 90 responses over time. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was achieved by a significantly greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 (508/653, 78%) than @entity1500 -treated @entity1 (90/215, 42%; P < 0  001). Key secondary endpoints also were achieved by a greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 . Similar responses were observed at week 26 in @entity1 who switched from @entity1500 to infliximab at week 16. Overall adverse event (AE) incidence was comparable between groups, but incidence of serious and severe AEs was slightly higher in the infliximab group. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab was well tolerated and more efficacious than @entity1500 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . Infliximab also was efficacious in @entity1 who failed @entity1500 and switched to infliximab.

title: Efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. @entity1499 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe XXXX : results of an open-label, active-controlled, randomized trial (RESTORE1).

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infliximab is indicated for treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity1569 in adults whose disease cannot be controlled with other systemic therapies, including @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). To date, no studies have directly compared the efficacy and safety of infliximab and @entity1500 . OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. @entity1500 in adults with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . METHODS: @entity1500 -na  ve @entity1 (n = 868) were randomized 3:1 to receive infliximab 5 mg kg      at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22 or @entity1500 15 mg weekly with a dose increase to 20 mg weekly at week 6 if the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response was < 25%. At week 16, @entity1 with <   PASI 50 response could switch treatment groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was PASI 75 response at week 16. Major secondary efficacy endpoints were PASI 75 response at week 26, and the proportion of @entity1 achieving a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of cleared (0) or minimal (1) at weeks 16 and 26. Others included Dermatology Life Quality Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and @entity6987 , PASI 50, PASI 75 and PASI 90 responses over time. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was achieved by a significantly greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 (508/653, 78%) than @entity1500 -treated @entity1 (90/215, 42%; P < 0  001). Key secondary endpoints also were achieved by a greater proportion of infliximab-treated @entity1 . Similar responses were observed at week 26 in @entity1 who switched from @entity1500 to infliximab at week 16. Overall adverse event (AE) incidence was comparable between groups, but incidence of serious and severe AEs was slightly higher in the infliximab group. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab was well tolerated and more efficacious than @entity1500 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 . Infliximab also was efficacious in @entity1 who failed @entity1500 and switched to infliximab.

title: Efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. @entity1499 in XXXX with moderate-to-severe @entity1569 : results of an open-label, active-controlled, randomized trial (RESTORE1).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Even though mechanical retentive features, such as grooves, are incorporated into the surface of @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders, a reliable bond to veneering provisional materials is not always achievable for screw-retained provisional implant restorations. There is insufficient information about the effect of tribochemical @entity3440 coating on the bond strength between provisional materials and grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of an airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating technique on the bond strength between grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering @entity7640 and @entity4625 materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty grooved @entity702 alloy ( @entity13843 ) internal connection implant temporary cylinders were used. A disc of veneering material (7.1   3.4 mm) was created around the midsection of each cylinder. Forty specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10): group NoTx @entity4625 , no surface treatment and @entity4625 veneering material; group NoTxBisGMA, no surface treatment and BisGMA veneering material; group Ab @entity4625 , airborne-particle abrasion, @entity3440 -coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and @entity4625 ; and group AbBisGMA, airborne-particle abrasion, @entity3440 -coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and BisGMA. Each specimen was subjected to ultimate shear load testing at the interface of the veneering material and the temporary cylinder in a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA (a=.05) followed by post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. Each specimen underwent surface observation with a light microscope at  40 magnification to compare fracture patterns. RESULTS: Airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating surface treatment significantly lowered the shear bond strength (P<.05). The type of provisional material did not significantly affect the shear bond strength, with or without surface treatment. Group AbBisGMA demonstrated the lowest mean value (3.49 MPa) compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating treatment did not improve the bond between grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials. It weakened the provided mechanical retention, especially when it was used with BisGMA veneering material. Material choice, whether it was @entity4625 or @entity7640 , did not make a statistically significant difference.

title: The effects of an airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating on the bond strength between grooved XXXX alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity7640 :: ('MESH:D017438', 'Chemical') :: ['BisGMA', 'bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Even though mechanical retentive features, such as grooves, are incorporated into the surface of @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders, a reliable bond to veneering provisional materials is not always achievable for screw-retained provisional implant restorations. There is insufficient information about the effect of tribochemical @entity3440 coating on the bond strength between provisional materials and grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of an airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating technique on the bond strength between grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering @entity7640 and @entity4625 materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty grooved @entity702 alloy ( @entity13843 ) internal connection implant temporary cylinders were used. A disc of veneering material (7.1   3.4 mm) was created around the midsection of each cylinder. Forty specimens were divided into 4 groups (n=10): group NoTx @entity4625 , no surface treatment and @entity4625 veneering material; group NoTxBisGMA, no surface treatment and BisGMA veneering material; group Ab @entity4625 , airborne-particle abrasion, @entity3440 -coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and @entity4625 ; and group AbBisGMA, airborne-particle abrasion, @entity3440 -coating surface treatment (Rocatec), and BisGMA. Each specimen was subjected to ultimate shear load testing at the interface of the veneering material and the temporary cylinder in a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with a 1-way ANOVA (a=.05) followed by post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. Each specimen underwent surface observation with a light microscope at  40 magnification to compare fracture patterns. RESULTS: Airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating surface treatment significantly lowered the shear bond strength (P<.05). The type of provisional material did not significantly affect the shear bond strength, with or without surface treatment. Group AbBisGMA demonstrated the lowest mean value (3.49 MPa) compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Airborne-particle abrasion and @entity3440 -coating treatment did not improve the bond between grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials. It weakened the provided mechanical retention, especially when it was used with BisGMA veneering material. Material choice, whether it was @entity4625 or @entity7640 , did not make a statistically significant difference.

title: The effects of an airborne-particle abrasion and XXXX -coating on the bond strength between grooved @entity702 alloy temporary cylinders and provisional veneering materials.

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Vertebral endplate tissues were obtained from @entity1 with degenerated lumbar disc classified as Modic type 1 or type 2 and investigated with immunohistochemical staining and the DNA nick end labelling techniques. OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of fas receptor (FasR) and apoptosis in the endplate cells isolated from @entity1 with @entity179 and to see whether they are associated with the pathological change of endplate. METHODS: Fifty-six degenerated lumbar endplate specimens were obtained from the @entity1 with @entity179 categorized as type Modic I or II in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and eight nondegenerated specimens as control (vertebra burst @entity174 @entity1 without @entity179 in MRI) during surgical procedures. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the presence of FasR and apoptosis in sections of those endplate tissues. To investigate whether the FasR expression and apoptosis in endplate were influenced by degeneration and ageing of the discs, the level of FasR expression and apoptosis in the changed and unchanged endplates was analysed. RESULTS: FasR were expressed in the cytoplasm of the endplate cells. A higher degree of FasR expression and apoptosis in endplate cells in degenerated discs was found than that in nondegenerated discs. In cell culture, the level of FasR expression and apoptosis in cells from the degenerative endplates was higher than those in unchanged endplates. The percentage of FasR-positive endplate and apoptotic endplate cells correlated significantly with the @entity1 's age (r=0.301, p<0.05; r=0.307, p<0.05. respectively), but not with the degree of @entity1797 in MRI (r=0.047, p>0.05; r=0.066, p>0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the expression of FasR and apoptosis on vertebral endplate cells in degenerated disc with in nondegenerated disc. The results show that the endplate in degenerated disc may undergo fas-mediated apoptosis and vice versa, endplate degenerative changes may promotes apoptosis of the endplate cells within degenerated disc.

title: Expression of Fas receptor and apoptosis in vertebral endplates with XXXX categorized as Modic type I or II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease', 'degenerative change']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative disc diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacists may improve the clinical management of major risk factors for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) prevention. A systematic review was conducted to determine the impact of pharmacist care on the management of @entity65 risk factors among outpatients. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials that involved pharmacist care interventions among outpatients with @entity65 risk factors. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and classified pharmacists' interventions. Mean changes in blood pressure, total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and proportion of smokers were estimated using random effects models. RESULTS: Thirty randomized controlled trials (11,765 @entity1 ) were identified. Pharmacist interventions exclusively conducted by a pharmacist or implemented in collaboration with physicians or nurses included @entity1 educational interventions, @entity1 -reminder systems, measurement of @entity65 risk factors, medication management and feedback to physician, or educational intervention to health care professionals. Pharmacist care was associated with significant @entity551 (19 studies [10,479 @entity1 ]; -8.1 mm Hg [95% confidence interval {CI}, -10.2 to -5.9]/-3.8 mm Hg [95% CI,-5.3 to -2.3]); total @entity165 (9 studies [1121 @entity1 ]; -17.4 mg/L [95% CI,-25.5 to -9.2]), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (7 studies [924 @entity1 ]; -13.4 mg/L [95% CI,-23.0 to -3.8]), and a reduction in the risk of smoking (2 studies [196 @entity1 ]; relative risk, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.89]). While most studies tended to favor pharmacist care compared with usual care, a substantial heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSION: Pharmacist-directed care or in collaboration with physicians or nurses improve the management of major @entity65 risk factors in outpatients.

title: Impact of pharmacist care in the management of XXXX risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in systolic/diastolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess function of regenerated corneal nerves in correlation with epithelial wound healing after experimental @entity16 in @entity95 treated with pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) plus @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ). METHODS: An 8-mm stromal dissection was performed in the right eyes of adult @entity95 . Treatment with PEDF+ @entity4601 was for 6 weeks. Corneal sensation was measured weekly by Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. After 8 weeks, immunofluorescence with bIII-tubulin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P antibodies was performed to quantify nerves. Also, @entity95 were treated with PEDF+ @entity4601 for 4 weeks after lamellar keratectomy, followed by 8-mm epithelial debridement and epithelial defect assessment. One week after surgery, corneas were stained with anti-Ki67 antibody to assess cell proliferation. RESULTS: Eight weeks after surgery, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerve fibers in the PEDF+ @entity4601 group were similar to normal @entity95 corneas but were decreased in the vehicle. Substance P was localized in the subepithelial plexus but appeared in epithelial cells after nerve injury regardless of treatment. Five weeks after surgery, an increase in corneal sensitivity occurred in the PEDF+ @entity4601 group and reached normal values by 8 weeks. Pigment epithelial-derived factor plus @entity4601 increased epithelial wound healing after lamellar keratectomy. One week after epithelial injury, Ki67-positive cells increased in the limbal area. CONCLUSION: Pigment epithelial-derived factor plus @entity4601 promotes regeneration of calcitonin gene-related @entity2687 , accelerating wound healing and return of corneal sensitivity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Pigment epithelial-derived factor plus @entity4601 represents a new approach to regenerate nerves and a potential treatment for prevention of severe @entity936 after surgery or diseases of the ocular surface.

title: Recovery of corneal sensitivity, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive nerves, and increased wound healing induced by pigment epithelial-derived factor plus XXXX after experimental surgery.

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['peptide-positive corneal nerves']

answer: @entity4600 :: (CHEBI:28125,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']