abstract: @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) is a vasopressin peptide analog with hemostatic properties that has been successfully used during surgery in @entity1 with @entity3459 . Recently published experimental and clinical data indicate that perioperative administration of @entity7062 can minimize spread and survival of residual mammary @entity5 cells. The central aim of this study was to explore the effect of perioperative @entity7062 and its relation to histologic grade in bitches with locally advanced @entity189 . Of the 32 @entity235 initially recruited, 28 intact bitches with @entity189 tumors stage III or IV were ultimately included. These @entity235 were randomized to receive @entity7062 at intravenous doses of 1  g/kg (n=18) or saline solution as placebo (n=10). En bloc mastectomy of the affected gland(s) was performed. @entity5 was graded by the method of Elston and Ellis into well-differentiated (grade 1), moderately differentiated (grade 2), or poorly differentiated (grade 3). @entity7062 therapy significantly prolonged the disease-free survival (P<0.001) and overall survival (P<0.01) in bitches with grade 2 or 3 @entity189 compared with bitches in the control group. No significant difference in disease-free period or overall survival was found between treatment groups in bitches with grade 1 @entity5 . The present data suggest that @entity7062 may be an excellent candidate as a surgical adjuvant in the management of @entity5 in small animals. More research in this field is warranted.

title: Effect of adjuvant perioperative desmopressin in locally advanced XXXX @entity189 and its relation to histologic grade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted to assess alimentary tract involvement in 140 Saudi @entity1 with @entity4432 . A brucella standard agglutination titer of 160 or over was considered to be positive evidence of @entity281 . The commonest symptoms were @entity448 , @entity353 , right @entity158 , and @entity1142 . A history of raw milk ingestion was obtained in 38 @entity1 . Thirty-nine @entity1 had @entity382 , 21 had @entity381 , and six had signs of @entity2679 . @entity648 was elevated in eight @entity1 ; one or more of the liver enzyme activities studied were elevated in 75 @entity1 . Four of the 14 liver biopsies performed revealed Brucella microgranulomata. Abdominal ultrasound studies were abnormal in 29 of 46 @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 had a normal upper or lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Blood cultures from 18 @entity1 were incubated for six to eight weeks, with @entity6467 isolated from five. Sixty-seven @entity1 (47.86%) received effective treatment for @entity3377 with improvement in the symptoms, signs and liver functions. Brucellosis is relatively common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and efforts should be taken to control and possibly eradicate this disease.

title: Alimentary tract presentations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['brucella infection']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondrial pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prediction of response and @entity137 of chemotherapy can help personalize the treatment and choose effective yet non-toxic treatment regimen for a @entity0 @entity1 . Interplay of variations in various drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME)-encoding genes results in variable response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs. Generalized multi-analytical (GMDR) approach was used to determine the influence of the combination of variants of genes encoding phase 0 ( @entity72019 ); phase I (CYP450, @entity5878 ); phase II ( @entity47420 , @entity9769 , @entity20986 ); and phase III ( @entity1262 ) DMEs along with confounding factors on the response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In an Indian @entity0 @entity1 cohort (n  =  234), response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (n  =  111) and grade 2-4 @entity137 to chemotherapy were recorded. @entity1 were genotyped for 19 polymorphisms selected in four phases of DMEs by PCR or PCR-RFLP or Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Binary logistic regression and GMDR analysis was performed. Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons was applied, and p value was considered to be significant at <0.025. RESULTS: For @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphism, CT genotype was found to be significantly associated with response to @entity14042 in uni-variate and multi-variate analysis (p  =  0.018; p  =  0.013). The TT genotype of @entity5878 @entity15829 had a significant association with (absence of) grade 2-4 @entity137 in uni-variate analysis (p  =  0.021), but a non-significant correlation in multi-variate analysis. In GMDR analysis, interaction of @entity5396 *3, @entity5878 @entity15829 , and @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphisms yielded the highest testing accuracy for response to @entity14042 (CVT  =  0.62). However, for grade 2-4 @entity137 , @entity4433 *2 and @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphisms yielded the best interaction model (CVT  =  0.57). CONCLUSION: This pharmacogenetic study suggests a role of higher order gene-gene interaction of DME-encoding genes, along with confounding factors, in determination of treatment outcomes and @entity137 in @entity0 @entity1 . This can be used as a potential objective tool for individualizing @entity0 chemotherapy with high efficacy and low @entity137 .

title: Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) Analysis of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme-Encoding Gene Polymorphisms may Predict Treatment Outcomes in Indian XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prediction of response and @entity137 of chemotherapy can help personalize the treatment and choose effective yet non-toxic treatment regimen for a @entity0 @entity1 . Interplay of variations in various drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME)-encoding genes results in variable response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs. Generalized multi-analytical (GMDR) approach was used to determine the influence of the combination of variants of genes encoding phase 0 ( @entity72019 ); phase I (CYP450, @entity5878 ); phase II ( @entity47420 , @entity9769 , @entity20986 ); and phase III ( @entity1262 ) DMEs along with confounding factors on the response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In an Indian @entity0 @entity1 cohort (n  =  234), response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (n  =  111) and grade 2-4 @entity137 to chemotherapy were recorded. @entity1 were genotyped for 19 polymorphisms selected in four phases of DMEs by PCR or PCR-RFLP or Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Binary logistic regression and GMDR analysis was performed. Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons was applied, and p value was considered to be significant at <0.025. RESULTS: For @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphism, CT genotype was found to be significantly associated with response to @entity14042 in uni-variate and multi-variate analysis (p  =  0.018; p  =  0.013). The TT genotype of @entity5878 @entity15829 had a significant association with (absence of) grade 2-4 @entity137 in uni-variate analysis (p  =  0.021), but a non-significant correlation in multi-variate analysis. In GMDR analysis, interaction of @entity5396 *3, @entity5878 @entity15829 , and @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphisms yielded the highest testing accuracy for response to @entity14042 (CVT  =  0.62). However, for grade 2-4 @entity137 , @entity4433 *2 and @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphisms yielded the best interaction model (CVT  =  0.57). CONCLUSION: This pharmacogenetic study suggests a role of higher order gene-gene interaction of DME-encoding genes, along with confounding factors, in determination of treatment outcomes and @entity137 in @entity0 @entity1 . This can be used as a potential objective tool for individualizing @entity0 chemotherapy with high efficacy and low @entity137 .

title: Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) Analysis of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme-Encoding Gene Polymorphisms may Predict Treatment Outcomes in Indian @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the epidemiology of @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) and @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) in hemodialysis @entity1 and analyzed the influences of @entity2742 on the formation of oral tori. METHOD: During 2013, 119 hemodialysis @entity1 were recruited for dental examinations for this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral tori in our sample group was high at 33.6% (40 of 119). The most common location of tori was @entity8845 (70.0%), followed by @entity8845 (20.0%), and then both @entity8845 and @entity8845 (10.0%). Of the 40 tori cases, most (67.5%) were <2 cm in size; moreover, the majority (52.5%) were flat in shape. In symmetry, most (70.0%) occurred in the midline, followed by bilateral sides (20.0%). Notably, the levels of intact parathyroid hormone did not differ in @entity1 with or without tori (P = 0.611). Furthermore, @entity1 with tori did not differ from @entity1 without tori in inflammatory variables such as log high-sensitivity @entity1851 (P = 1.000) or nutritional variables such as albumin (P = 0.247). Finally, there were no differences between @entity1 with and without tori in adequacy of dialysis (P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS: Neither @entity2742 nor inflammation @entity3147 was found to contribute to the formation of oral tori in chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . Further studies are warranted.

title: Oral tori in chronic hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8845 :: ('MESH:C566043', 'Disease') :: ['TP', 'torus palatinus', 'torus mandibularis', 'TM']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In many instances of extensive @entity16 , the injured nerve never adequately heals leaving lack of nerve function. @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) has been shown to increase the rate and orient the direction of neurite growth, and is a promising therapy. However, the mechanism in which @entity8425 affects neuronal growth is not understood, making it difficult to compare existing @entity8425 protocols or to design and optimize new protocols. We hypothesize that @entity8425 acts by elevating intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) via opening voltage-dependent @entity141 channels (VDCCs). Here, we have created a computer model to estimate the @entity8425 @entity141 relationship. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, we modeled a small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron that includes one @entity1372 , two @entity972 , and three VDCCs to estimate [ @entity141 ]i in the soma and growth cone. As expected, the results show that an @entity8425 that generates action potentials (APs) can efficiently raise the [ @entity141 ]i of neurons. More interestingly, our simulation results show that sub-AP @entity8425 can efficiently raise neuronal [ @entity141 ]i, and that specific high voltage @entity8425 can preferentially raise [ @entity141 ]i in the growth cone. The intensities and durations of @entity8425 on modeled growth cone @entity460 rise are consistent with directionality and orientation of growth cones experimentally shown by others. Finally, this model provides a basis to design experimental @entity8425 pulse parameters, including duration, intensity, pulse-train frequency, and pulse-train duration to efficiently raise [ @entity141 ]i in @entity528 or growth cones.

title: Computational Modeling of Neurons: Intensity-Duration Relationship of Extracellular Electrical Stimulation for Changes in Intracellular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['Electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal somas']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled large scale analysis of genetic variations and gene expression in different tissues and species, but gene expression patterns and genetic variations in livestock are not well characterized. In this study we have used high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing of the Finnish Large White to identify gene expression patterns and coding polymorphisms within the breed in the testis and oviduct. The main objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms within genes that are highly and specifically expressed in male and/or female reproductive organs. The differential expression (DE) analysis underlined 1,234 genes highly expressed in the testis and 1,501 in the oviduct. Furthermore, we used a novel in-house R-package hoardeR for the identification of novel genes and their orthologs, which underlined 55 additional DE genes based on orthologs in the @entity1 , @entity291 and @entity742 . Identification of polymorphisms in the dataset resulted in a total of 29,973 variants of which 10,704 were known coding variants. 57 nonsynonymous SNPs were present among genes with high expression in the testis and 67 in the oviduct underlining possible influential genes for reproduction traits. Seven genes ( @entity72020 , @entity72021 , @entity72022 , @entity72023 , @entity72024 , @entity72025 and @entity72026 ) with polymorphisms were highlighted as reproduction related based on their biological function. The expression and SNPs of these genes were confirmed using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The identified nonsynonymous mutations within genes highly expressed in the testis or oviduct provide a list of candidate genes for reproduction traits within the @entity1707 population and enable identification of biomarkers for sow and boar fertility.

title: Identification of Reproduction Related Gene Polymorphisms Using Whole Transcriptome Sequencing in the Large White XXXX Population.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adhesions due to pelvic/abdominal surgery are a common serious pathology possibly entailing severe complications. This study investigates the adhesion prevention capability of the novel starch-based agent 4DryField   PH, which together with saline solution forms a barrier gel. Herein, an optimized adhesion model (OPAM) inducing severe @entity1104 /agglutinations with high reproducibility was used. METHODS: In 19 Lewis @entity35 , a 1 * 2 cm abdominal wall defect was created, the peritoneum of the neighboring cecum was abraded, and both injured areas were approximated by suture. @entity35 were randomized to control (n = 10) or 4DryField PH treatment (n = 9) groups. Another 8 @entity35 had sham surgery for safety assessment of 4DryField PH. At day 7, the quantity and quality of @entity1104 were assessed macro-/microscopically and evaluated statistically. RESULTS: 4DryField PH treatment significantly reduced the incidence and severity of @entity1104 as verified by significantly improved adhesion scorings (0.4 vs. 4.5; 1.1 vs. 9). Histology revealed reconstitution of the cecum and abdominal wall including regeneration of the visceral/parietal peritoneum. In sham-operated @entity35 , 4DryField PH did not induce adhesion formation. CONCLUSIONS: 4DryField PH gel was highly effective in preventing @entity1104 . Histologically, the injured cecum and abdominal wall regenerated well in the presence of 4DryField PH. Considering the severity of OPAM @entity130 , the potential of 4DryField PH to prevent @entity1104 can be rated excellent.

title: Evaluation of 4DryField   PH as Adhesion Prevention Barrier Tested in an Optimized Adhesion Model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The exonic single-nucleotide variant @entity72027 located in the MET oncogene has recently been identified as a prognostic marker in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). This finding was validated with The @entity5 (TCGA) cohort, and the biologic implications were explored. METHODS: The genotype status for @entity72027 was available for 272 @entity1 . @entity5 -normal data, genomic data, and clinical information were acquired from @entity1358 TCGA data sets. @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) was analyzed with the competing risk method, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the analysis of the time to recurrence (TTR). Multivariate competing risk models were fitted to adjust for the validated Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and @entity39 (SSIGN) score. RESULTS: The variant allele of @entity72027 was detected in 10.3% of the cohort. After adjustments for the SSIGN score, the risk allele remained a significant predictor for adverse CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99-7.56; P   <   .0001) and for TTR (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.43-6.2; P   =   .003). The mapping of @entity72027 to regulatory regions within the genome suggested that it might affect a DNA @entity14782 region. RNA and protein sequencing data for MET did not reveal differences in steady-state expression with stratification by risk allele. CONCLUSIONS: The exonic MET variant @entity72027 is an independent predictor of adverse CSS and TTR in @entity1358 and should be integrated into clinical practice for prognostic stratification. Genomic analysis suggests that the single-nucleotide polymorphism may affect an @entity14782 region located in the coding region of MET. Further biological mechanistic interrogation is currently underway. @entity5 2016;122:402-410.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Validation and genomic interrogation of the MET variant @entity72027 as a predictor of adverse outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'Cancer', 'Paired tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The exonic single-nucleotide variant @entity72027 located in the MET oncogene has recently been identified as a prognostic marker in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). This finding was validated with The @entity5 (TCGA) cohort, and the biologic implications were explored. METHODS: The genotype status for @entity72027 was available for 272 @entity1 . @entity5 -normal data, genomic data, and clinical information were acquired from @entity1358 TCGA data sets. @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) was analyzed with the competing risk method, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for the analysis of the time to recurrence (TTR). Multivariate competing risk models were fitted to adjust for the validated Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and @entity39 (SSIGN) score. RESULTS: The variant allele of @entity72027 was detected in 10.3% of the cohort. After adjustments for the SSIGN score, the risk allele remained a significant predictor for adverse CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99-7.56; P   <   .0001) and for TTR (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.43-6.2; P   =   .003). The mapping of @entity72027 to regulatory regions within the genome suggested that it might affect a DNA @entity14782 region. RNA and protein sequencing data for MET did not reveal differences in steady-state expression with stratification by risk allele. CONCLUSIONS: The exonic MET variant @entity72027 is an independent predictor of adverse CSS and TTR in @entity1358 and should be integrated into clinical practice for prognostic stratification. Genomic analysis suggests that the single-nucleotide polymorphism may affect an @entity14782 region located in the coding region of MET. Further biological mechanistic interrogation is currently underway. @entity5 2016;122:402-410.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Validation and genomic interrogation of the MET variant XXXX as a predictor of adverse outcomes in @entity1358 .

answer: @entity72027 :: (rs11762213,SNP) :: ['rs11762213']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ) in @entity1 with @entity322 at 2 unrelated centers and to determine preoperative factors relevant to the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2007 to January 2014, a total of 64 @entity1 with @entity322 following radical prostatectomy were treated with @entity3930 at 2 centers. @entity1 were evaluated based on medical history, daily pad usage, urodynamics, and cystoscopy. The clinical outcome was evaluated according to daily pad usage and questionnaires. Success was defined according to reductions in the number of pads used per day after surgery, and factors related to surgical outcome were investigated. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 70 years (range: 53-84), and the mean follow-up duration was 46.0        19.47 months (range: 12-89). During follow-up, readjustment of the sling was required 1.9 times on average. Daily pad usage decreased significantly from 3.42        2.00 to 0.84        1.20 (P   <.001), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form score improved (18.65        2.61 to 10.55        6.21, P   <.001) without deterioration of voiding symptoms at the last follow-up. @entity3930 was successful in 46 of 64 @entity1 (71.9%). Of the 18 @entity1 who experienced surgical failure, 12 @entity1 required secondary artificial urethral sphincter implantation. The number of daily used pads (odds ratio 1.414) and a history of pelvic irradiation (odds ratio 8.400) were potential risk factors for surgical failure. CONCLUSION: According to our midterm follow-up data, @entity3930 is an effective and a safe treatment option for radiation-na  ve @entity1 with a mild degree of @entity322 .

title: XXXX ( @entity3930 ) System for Postprostatectomy Incontinence: Experiences of 2 Centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['Male Readjustable Sling', 'MRS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'postprostatectomy incontinence']

answer: @entity3930 :: (MESH:D005834,Disease) :: ['Male Readjustable Sling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ) in @entity1 with @entity322 at 2 unrelated centers and to determine preoperative factors relevant to the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2007 to January 2014, a total of 64 @entity1 with @entity322 following radical prostatectomy were treated with @entity3930 at 2 centers. @entity1 were evaluated based on medical history, daily pad usage, urodynamics, and cystoscopy. The clinical outcome was evaluated according to daily pad usage and questionnaires. Success was defined according to reductions in the number of pads used per day after surgery, and factors related to surgical outcome were investigated. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 70 years (range: 53-84), and the mean follow-up duration was 46.0        19.47 months (range: 12-89). During follow-up, readjustment of the sling was required 1.9 times on average. Daily pad usage decreased significantly from 3.42        2.00 to 0.84        1.20 (P   <.001), and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form score improved (18.65        2.61 to 10.55        6.21, P   <.001) without deterioration of voiding symptoms at the last follow-up. @entity3930 was successful in 46 of 64 @entity1 (71.9%). Of the 18 @entity1 who experienced surgical failure, 12 @entity1 required secondary artificial urethral sphincter implantation. The number of daily used pads (odds ratio 1.414) and a history of pelvic irradiation (odds ratio 8.400) were potential risk factors for surgical failure. CONCLUSION: According to our midterm follow-up data, @entity3930 is an effective and a safe treatment option for radiation-na  ve @entity1 with a mild degree of @entity322 .

title: @entity3930 ( XXXX ) System for Postprostatectomy Incontinence: Experiences of 2 Centers.

answer: @entity3930 :: (MESH:D005834,Disease) :: ['MRS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This prospective, multicenter phase I/II study of unmanipulated HLA-haploidentical reduced-intensity stem cell  transplantation using a low dose of anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATG) and @entity479 was conducted in 5 institutions in Japan. Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1583 who were in an advanced stage or at a high risk of relapse at the time of transplantation were enrolled. Among them, 7 @entity1 underwent transplantation as a second transplantation because of relapse after the previous allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimen consisted of @entity3118 , @entity1863 , and ATG (Fresenius, 8 mg/kg), and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and @entity1667 (1 mg/kg). All @entity1 except 1 (97.1%) achieved donor-type engraftment. Rapid hematopoietic engraftment was achieved, with neutrophils > .5  * 10(9)/L on day 11 and platelets > 20  * 10(9)/L on day 17.5. Treatment was started for >= grade I @entity2132 , and the cumulative incidences of acute grade I and grade II to IV @entity2132 were 27.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The incidence of chronic @entity2132 (extensive type) was 20%. Fourteen @entity1 (41.2%) had a relapse. The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality at 1 year after transplantation was 26.5%. The  survival rate at day 100 was 88.2%. The survival rates at 1 year for @entity1 with complete remission (CR)/chronic phase (n  = 8) and non-CR (n  = 26) status before transplantation were 62.5% and 42.3%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non-CR status before transplantation was the only factor significant prognostic factor of increased relapse (P  = .0424), which tended to be associated with a lower survival rate (P  =  .0524). This transplantation protocol is safe and feasible, if a suitable donor is not available in a timely manner. As the main cause of @entity204 was relapse and not @entity2132 , more intensified conditioning or attenuation of @entity2132 prophylaxis and/or donor lymphocyte infusion may be desirable for @entity1 with non-CR status.

title: Unmanipulated Haploidentical Reduced-Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation Using XXXX , @entity1863 , Low-Dose Antithymocyte Globulin, and Steroids for @entity1 in Non-Complete Remission or at High Risk of Relapse: A Prospective Multicenter Phase I/II Study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['Fludarabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This prospective, multicenter phase I/II study of unmanipulated HLA-haploidentical reduced-intensity stem cell  transplantation using a low dose of anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATG) and @entity479 was conducted in 5 institutions in Japan. Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1583 who were in an advanced stage or at a high risk of relapse at the time of transplantation were enrolled. Among them, 7 @entity1 underwent transplantation as a second transplantation because of relapse after the previous allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimen consisted of @entity3118 , @entity1863 , and ATG (Fresenius, 8 mg/kg), and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and @entity1667 (1 mg/kg). All @entity1 except 1 (97.1%) achieved donor-type engraftment. Rapid hematopoietic engraftment was achieved, with neutrophils > .5  * 10(9)/L on day 11 and platelets > 20  * 10(9)/L on day 17.5. Treatment was started for >= grade I @entity2132 , and the cumulative incidences of acute grade I and grade II to IV @entity2132 were 27.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The incidence of chronic @entity2132 (extensive type) was 20%. Fourteen @entity1 (41.2%) had a relapse. The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality at 1 year after transplantation was 26.5%. The  survival rate at day 100 was 88.2%. The survival rates at 1 year for @entity1 with complete remission (CR)/chronic phase (n  = 8) and non-CR (n  = 26) status before transplantation were 62.5% and 42.3%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non-CR status before transplantation was the only factor significant prognostic factor of increased relapse (P  = .0424), which tended to be associated with a lower survival rate (P  =  .0524). This transplantation protocol is safe and feasible, if a suitable donor is not available in a timely manner. As the main cause of @entity204 was relapse and not @entity2132 , more intensified conditioning or attenuation of @entity2132 prophylaxis and/or donor lymphocyte infusion may be desirable for @entity1 with non-CR status.

title: Unmanipulated Haploidentical Reduced-Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation Using @entity3118 , XXXX , Low-Dose Antithymocyte Globulin, and Steroids for @entity1 in Non-Complete Remission or at High Risk of Relapse: A Prospective Multicenter Phase I/II Study in Japan.

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['Busulfan']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This prospective, multicenter phase I/II study of unmanipulated HLA-haploidentical reduced-intensity stem cell  transplantation using a low dose of anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATG) and @entity479 was conducted in 5 institutions in Japan. Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1583 who were in an advanced stage or at a high risk of relapse at the time of transplantation were enrolled. Among them, 7 @entity1 underwent transplantation as a second transplantation because of relapse after the previous allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The conditioning regimen consisted of @entity3118 , @entity1863 , and ATG (Fresenius, 8 mg/kg), and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and @entity1667 (1 mg/kg). All @entity1 except 1 (97.1%) achieved donor-type engraftment. Rapid hematopoietic engraftment was achieved, with neutrophils > .5  * 10(9)/L on day 11 and platelets > 20  * 10(9)/L on day 17.5. Treatment was started for >= grade I @entity2132 , and the cumulative incidences of acute grade I and grade II to IV @entity2132 were 27.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The incidence of chronic @entity2132 (extensive type) was 20%. Fourteen @entity1 (41.2%) had a relapse. The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality at 1 year after transplantation was 26.5%. The  survival rate at day 100 was 88.2%. The survival rates at 1 year for @entity1 with complete remission (CR)/chronic phase (n  = 8) and non-CR (n  = 26) status before transplantation were 62.5% and 42.3%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non-CR status before transplantation was the only factor significant prognostic factor of increased relapse (P  = .0424), which tended to be associated with a lower survival rate (P  =  .0524). This transplantation protocol is safe and feasible, if a suitable donor is not available in a timely manner. As the main cause of @entity204 was relapse and not @entity2132 , more intensified conditioning or attenuation of @entity2132 prophylaxis and/or donor lymphocyte infusion may be desirable for @entity1 with non-CR status.

title: Unmanipulated Haploidentical Reduced-Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation Using @entity3118 , @entity1863 , Low-Dose Antithymocyte Globulin, and Steroids for XXXX in Non-Complete Remission or at High Risk of Relapse: A Prospective Multicenter Phase I/II Study in Japan.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The development of new non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is of paramount importance in order to improve the outcome of @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). In this work we investigated a completely non-invasive pre-clinical protocol to effectively target and detect @entity1313 through the orotracheal route, using ultra-small nanoparticles (USRPs) and MRI. A @entity19 model of @entity463 was developed. In vivo MRI acquisitions were performed before and after intravenous or orotracheal administration of the nanoparticles to identify and segment the @entity5 . The accumulation of the nanoparticles in neoplastic lesions was assessed ex vivo through fluorescence microscopy. Before the administration of contrast agents, MR images allowed the identification of the presence of abnormal brain tissue in 73% of animals. After orotracheal or intravenous administration of USRPs, in all the @entity19 an excellent co-localization of the position of the @entity5 with MRI and histology was observed. The elimination time of the USRPs from the @entity5 after the orotracheal administration was approximately 70% longer compared with intravenous injection. MRI and USRPs were shown to be powerful imaging tools able to detect, quantify and longitudinally monitor the development of GBMs. The absence of ionizing radiation and high resolution of MRI, along with the complete non-invasiveness and good reproducibility of the proposed protocol, make this technique potentially translatable to @entity1 . To our knowledge, this is the first time that the advantages of a needle-free orotracheal administration route have been demonstrated for the investigation of the pathomorphological changes due to GBMs. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Orotracheal administration of contrast agents: a new protocol for XXXX targeting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intelligent tutoring system (ITS) BRCA Gist is a Web-based tutor developed using the Shareable Knowledge Objects (SKO) platform that uses latent semantic analysis to engage @entity1 in natural-language dialogues to teach about @entity0 risk. BRCA Gist appears to be the first ITS designed to assist @entity1 ' health decision making. Two studies provide fine-grained analyses of the verbal interactions between BRCA Gist and @entity1 responding to five questions pertaining to @entity0 and genetic risk. We examined how "gist explanations" generated by @entity1 during natural-language dialogues related to outcomes. Using reliable rubrics, scripts of the @entity1 ' verbal interactions with BRCA Gist were rated for content and for the appropriateness of the tutor's responses. @entity1 researchers' scores for the content covered by the @entity1 were strongly correlated with the coverage scores generated by BRCA Gist, indicating that BRCA Gist accurately assesses the extent to which @entity1 respond appropriately. In Study 1, @entity1 ' performance during the dialogues was consistently associated with learning outcomes about @entity0 risk. Study 2 was a field study with a more diverse population. @entity1 with an undergraduate degree or less education who were randomly assigned to BRCA Gist scored higher on tests of knowledge than those assigned to the National @entity5 Institute website or than a control group. We replicated findings that the more expected content that @entity1 included in their gist explanations, the better they performed on outcome measures. As fuzzy-trace theory suggests, encouraging @entity1 to develop and elaborate upon gist explanations appears to improve learning, comprehension, and decision making.

title: Tutorial dialogues and gist explanations of genetic XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The siphon of @entity11066 has several functions, including involvement in respiration, excretion, and defensive inking. It also provides sensory input for defensive withdrawals that have been studied extensively to examine mechanisms that underlie learning. To better understand the neuronal bases of these functions, we used immunohistochemistry to catalogue peripheral cell types and innervation of the siphon in stage 12 juveniles (chosen to allow observation of tissues in whole-mounts). We found that the siphon nerve splits into three major branches, leading ultimately to a two-part @entity12927 -immunoreactive plexus and an apparently separate @entity4149 hydroxylase-immunoreactive plexus. Putative sensory neurons included four distinct types of tubulin-immunoreactive bipolar cells (one likely also @entity4149 hydroxylase immunoreactive) that bore ciliated dendrites penetrating the epithelium. A fifth bipolar neuron type (tubulin- and @entity12927 -immunoreactive) occurred deeper in the tissue, associated with part of the @entity12927 -immunoreactive plexus. Our observations emphasize the structural complexity of the peripheral nervous system of the siphon, and the importance of direct tests of the various components to better understand the functioning of the entire organ, including its role in defensive withdrawal responses. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2409-2425, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Morphology, innervation, and peripheral sensory cells of the siphon of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11066 :: ('6500', 'Species') :: ['Aplysia californica']

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['FMRFamide']

answer: @entity11066 :: (6500,Species) :: ['aplysia californica']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is still an enigma that some @entity1 develop @entity3577 whilst others with similar risk factors do not. Biomechanical assessment of the skin may provide further insight into the aetiology of this complex condition. @entity2362 fibres are an abundant and integral part of many extracellular matrices and are especially critical for providing the property of elastic recoil to tissues. The significance of @entity2362 fibres is clearly reflected by the numerous @entity1 conditions in which a skin phenotype occurs as a result of @entity2362 fibre abnormalities. METHOD: Between January and June 2013, skin specimens were obtained prospectively during surgery on 20 @entity1 with @entity3577 and 21 @entity1 without prolapse undergoing surgery for other indications. Expression levels of @entity2362 in the skin were measured by @entity10038 staining, and Image J. Tensile tests were performed using the Zwick Roell device, with custom ceramic clamps. For statistical analysis, Student's t test was used. RESULTS: Histological analysis of prolapse vs control showed percentage dermal @entity2362 fibres of 9 vs 5.8  % (p   =   0.001) in males and 6.5 vs 5.3  % (p   =   0.05) in females. @entity1 with more severe prolapse (external) had a significantly (p   =   0.05) higher percentage dermal @entity2362 fibres 6.9 vs 6.1  % than internal prolapse. Young's modulus of @entity1 with prolapse was lower in males (3.3 vs 2.8, p   =   0.05) and females (3.1 vs 2.7, p   =   0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with prolapse have a higher concentration of @entity2362 fibres in the skin, and these differences are quantitatively demonstrated through mechanical testing. This suggests that the aetiology may be a result of a dysfunction of @entity2362 fibre assembly.

title: Histological and mechanical differences in the skin of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is still an enigma that some @entity1 develop @entity3577 whilst others with similar risk factors do not. Biomechanical assessment of the skin may provide further insight into the aetiology of this complex condition. @entity2362 fibres are an abundant and integral part of many extracellular matrices and are especially critical for providing the property of elastic recoil to tissues. The significance of @entity2362 fibres is clearly reflected by the numerous @entity1 conditions in which a skin phenotype occurs as a result of @entity2362 fibre abnormalities. METHOD: Between January and June 2013, skin specimens were obtained prospectively during surgery on 20 @entity1 with @entity3577 and 21 @entity1 without prolapse undergoing surgery for other indications. Expression levels of @entity2362 in the skin were measured by @entity10038 staining, and Image J. Tensile tests were performed using the Zwick Roell device, with custom ceramic clamps. For statistical analysis, Student's t test was used. RESULTS: Histological analysis of prolapse vs control showed percentage dermal @entity2362 fibres of 9 vs 5.8  % (p   =   0.001) in males and 6.5 vs 5.3  % (p   =   0.05) in females. @entity1 with more severe prolapse (external) had a significantly (p   =   0.05) higher percentage dermal @entity2362 fibres 6.9 vs 6.1  % than internal prolapse. Young's modulus of @entity1 with prolapse was lower in males (3.3 vs 2.8, p   =   0.05) and females (3.1 vs 2.7, p   =   0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with prolapse have a higher concentration of @entity2362 fibres in the skin, and these differences are quantitatively demonstrated through mechanical testing. This suggests that the aetiology may be a result of a dysfunction of @entity2362 fibre assembly.

title: Histological and mechanical differences in the skin of XXXX with @entity3577 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tension and membrane potential have been measured in isolated, short toe muscle fibres of @entity1238 during development of @entity1295 produced by intermittent, tetanic stimulation (0.5 s long 70 Hz trains repeated at 0.3-0.8 Hz) and during recovery. Fibres could be divided into three groups on the basis of their @entity1295 resistance. In the first group (type 1 fibres) tension fell to 40% of the original after about 70 @entity116 , in the second group (type 2 fibres) after about 300 @entity116 and in the third group (type 3 fibres) after about 600 @entity116 . Recovery was slow in type 1 and 2 fibres and faster in type 3. The former also displayed @entity308 ( @entity308 ), a 10-40 min period of severely reduced force production, eventually followed by complete recovery. As a result of fatiguing stimulation the membrane potential fell to -70 to -60 mV. It returned to the pre-stimulation value more rapidly than did tension. At the time of maximum @entity308 most fibres had repolarized to at least -75 mV and action potentials of normal configuration could be elicited. The results of the present experiments underline the importance of defining fibre types in studies of @entity1295 , also in amphibian muscle. Together with the results of a previous study (L  nnergren _ Westerblad 1986) they also demonstrate that both the decline phase and the recovery phase are markedly different when different modes of fatiguing stimulation are used.

title: Force and membrane potential during and after fatiguing, intermittent tetanic stimulation of single XXXX muscle fibres.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['post-contractile depression', 'PCD']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: Two hundred eleven episodes of native valve active @entity884 treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1975 and 1983 were reviewed. The aortic (36%) and mitral (33%) valves were most frequently involved, but in 21% of the cases the site of infection could not be localized. Streptococcal (50%) and staphylococcal (35%) species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. New or changing ("unstable") conduction abnormalities developed in 9% of the @entity1 , while an additional 7% had conduction abnormalities of "indeterminate" age. Unstable conduction block was more likely to develop in @entity1 with aortic valve @entity884 than in those with @entity281 . Surgery was performed in 23% of the @entity1 . Unstable conduction abnormalities were significantly associated with valve replacement, but in a multivariate analysis, this effect could be explained by the site of @entity340 . The mortality rate was 20%. @entity1 with unstable conduction abnormalities had a significantly higher mortality rate, even after other significant predictors of @entity204 (age, type of causative organism) were taken into account. @entity1 whose conduction changes persisted had a worse prognosis than those with @entity616 . Although more hemodynamically compromised, @entity1 with unstable conduction block who underwent valve replacement did at least as well as those given medical therapy alone. @entity1 with native valve active @entity884 in whom persistent, unstable conduction abnormalities develop without other identifiable cause, especially in the presence of @entity886 , should be considered for valve replacement.

title: Cardiac conduction abnormalities complicating native valve active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mitral infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular infection']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['transient conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Five groups of three @entity1707 each were fed a basal diet supplemented with 15% tallow and either 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%, or 2.5% @entity165 . The animals were studied over a period of 9 weeks to observe changes in plasma lipids and low density lipoproteins (LDL). At the end of the study period, LDL was analyzed by rate zonal ultracentrifugation, characterized chemically, and examined by differential scanning calorimetry. Within 3 weeks of initiation of the @entity165 -supplemented diets, there was an increase in the plasma levels of @entity165 and total LDL. LDL from @entity1707 fed the basal diet and the basal diet plus 1.0% @entity165 appeared in two LDL populations (LDL1 and LDL2) when analyzed by rate zonal ultracentrifugation. After diets containing 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% dietary @entity165 , there was an increase in the mean flotation rate of total LDL which shifted to a lower density. LDL1 from the high @entity165 diets had a decreased @entity412 content when compared to those of the low @entity165 diets. When examined by differential scanning calorimetry, the LDL1 from the animals fed at least 1.5% @entity165 had phase transitions above body temperature, whereas the LDL from those fed 0 and 1.0% @entity165 had phase transitions below 37 degrees C. In contrast, the thermal behavior and @entity844 compositions of the extracted @entity8557 of the LDL obtained after the five different diets were not remarkably different. Since LDL @entity412 and @entity8557 are predicted to coexist in a common phase in the LDL core, the different thermal behavior of the LDL obtained after diets with different @entity165 contents is due to differences in @entity412 content which are a secondary effect of @entity165 -feeding. From these data we conclude that dietary @entity165 increases plasma LDL content, decreases LDL @entity412 content, and alters the particle structure. These changes in lipoprotein structure may contribute to the known development of @entity731 in @entity165 -fed @entity1707 .

title: Influence of an atherogenic diet on the structure of XXXX low density lipoproteins.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: @entity2720 through a medial incision (modified triple arthrodesis) has become an increasingly popular technique for treating symptomatic @entity85 caused by @entity12290 . The purpose of this study was to look at its clinical and radiological mid- to long-term outcomes, including the rates of recurrent @entity85 , nonunion and @entity2530 of the dome of the talus. A total of 84 @entity1 (96 feet) with a symptomatic @entity2003 caused by @entity12290 were treated using a modified triple arthrodesis. The mean age of the @entity1 was 66 years (35 to 85) and the mean follow-up was 4.7 years (1 to 8.3). Both clinical and radiological outcomes were analysed retrospectively. In 86 of the 95 feet (90.5%) for which radiographs were available, there was no loss of correction at final follow-up. In all, 14 feet (14.7%) needed secondary surgery, six for nonunion, two for @entity2530 , five for progression of the @entity85 and @entity625 and one because of symptomatic overcorrection. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot score (AOFAS score) at final follow-up was 67 (between 16 and 100) and the mean visual analogue score for @entity158 2.4 points (between 0 and 10). In conclusion, modified triple arthrodesis provides reliable correction of deformity and a good clinical outcome at mid- to long-term follow-up, with nonunion as the most frequent complication. @entity2530 of the talus is a rare but serious complication of this technique.

title: Mid- to long-term outcome of 96 corrective hindfoot fusions in 84 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['tibiotalar arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Talonavicular and subtalar joint fusion']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid flatfoot deformity']


abstract: @entity2720 through a medial incision (modified triple arthrodesis) has become an increasingly popular technique for treating symptomatic @entity85 caused by @entity12290 . The purpose of this study was to look at its clinical and radiological mid- to long-term outcomes, including the rates of recurrent @entity85 , nonunion and @entity2530 of the dome of the talus. A total of 84 @entity1 (96 feet) with a symptomatic @entity2003 caused by @entity12290 were treated using a modified triple arthrodesis. The mean age of the @entity1 was 66 years (35 to 85) and the mean follow-up was 4.7 years (1 to 8.3). Both clinical and radiological outcomes were analysed retrospectively. In 86 of the 95 feet (90.5%) for which radiographs were available, there was no loss of correction at final follow-up. In all, 14 feet (14.7%) needed secondary surgery, six for nonunion, two for @entity2530 , five for progression of the @entity85 and @entity625 and one because of symptomatic overcorrection. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot score (AOFAS score) at final follow-up was 67 (between 16 and 100) and the mean visual analogue score for @entity158 2.4 points (between 0 and 10). In conclusion, modified triple arthrodesis provides reliable correction of deformity and a good clinical outcome at mid- to long-term follow-up, with nonunion as the most frequent complication. @entity2530 of the talus is a rare but serious complication of this technique.

title: Mid- to long-term outcome of 96 corrective hindfoot fusions in 84 XXXX with @entity2003 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The in vivo effects of patulin on hepatic monooxygenase enzymes in male @entity19 were examined after single and multiple exposures (i.p.) to the mycotoxin. The animals were exposed to a single dose of 1, 3 or 4.5 mg patulin/kg or daily doses of 1.0 mg/kg for 5 or 14 days. After single exposure no significant effect was observed on @entity8953 hydroxylation while @entity9308 hydroxylase increased significantly at 3 mg/kg and at 48 hr. The demethylation of @entity17690 and @entity7680 increased significantly 48 and 72 hr after 3.0 or 4.5 mg patulin/kg doses. A 12% increase was observed in cytochrome P-450 content 48 hr after exposure to 1 or 3 mg/kg. @entity1110 -cytochrome C reductase was enhanced significantly at all 3 dose levels at 48 hr. At 24 hr hepatic @entity1110 -dependent dehydrogenase activity increased 38 and 46% in animals exposed to a single dose of 3 mg patulin/kg, respectively. No effect of patulin was observed on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes examined except hexobarbital oxidation in @entity19 exposed to multiple doses of patulin. Patulin at best was a weak inducer of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system.

title: Effect of patulin on hepatic monooxygenase in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17690 :: ('MESH:D000632', 'Chemical') :: ['aminopyrine']

entities_list: @entity8953 :: ('MESH:D006591', 'Chemical') :: ['hexobarbital']

entities_list: @entity7680 :: ('MESH:D005036', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmorphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity882 and radial aplasia were examined at the Centre de G  n  tique M  dicale of Marsielles from 1974 to 1976. In each case the genetic basis of the @entity154 was discussed with the family at genetic counseling underlining the high risk of recurrence related to the autosomal recessive transmission. Each proband was the only @entity1 of the couple. In the first case the father and mother, each having one @entity1 from a previous marriage, decided to have no more @entity1 . In the second case, the use of fetoscopy and its limitations were discussed as another pregnancy was desired. However, the parents finally refused the procedure during pregnancy which yielded a second @entity1 with @entity4219 who did not survive. In the third and most recent case the proband died. Since the young couple strongly desired another @entity1 , ultrasonic monitoring of pregnancy was cautiously suggested and its limitations clearly exposed. Echography was regularly repeated from the third month of pregnancy. The forearms were never detected on echography, nor on fetal radiography. Pregnancy was thus interrupted with @entity2918 at 21 weeks gestational age. On examination the fetus presented bilateral aplasia of the forearm. Based on these observations, the authors discuss the problems raised by prenatal diagnosis of @entity3140 .

title: [Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['phocomelia']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb malformations']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The National @entity5 Institute (NCI) annually confirms therapy with treating physicians on a sample of @entity1 diagnosed with a specific @entity5 . METHODS: Using the NCI Patterns of Care data, treatment patterns were examined on a population-based sample of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) in 2008. RESULTS: A random sample of 323 of 405 @entity674 @entity1 registered in SEER was selected. Most @entity1 had @entity356 , were >= 65   years, white, had private insurance, and treated in a hospital with a residency program. Surgery was primarily performed in @entity1 with non-metastatic disease (94%), in which: 26, 12, and 36% were at low, intermediate, and high-risk of recurrence, respectively. Amongst low-risk @entity1 ,    30% received adjuvant therapy. Amongst @entity1 at higher risk, 26-40% did not receive adjuvant therapy. @entity2213 was the most common targeted therapy administered. On multivariate analysis, age and risk-group were associated with receipt of adjuvant targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that in 2008, the majority of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 received appropriate surgical and adjuvant therapies. However, a considerable subset may have been overtreated and undertreated. Future studies identifying factors that impact the delivery of adjuvant therapy should be conducted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:702-707.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX : Treatment patterns of a population-based sample.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Advanced imaging is commonly used for staging of @entity0 , despite recommendations against this practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare use of imaging for staging of @entity0 in two integrated health care systems, Kaiser Permanente (KP) and Intermountain Healthcare (IH). We also sought to distinguish whether imaging was routine or used for diagnostic purposes. METHODS: We identified @entity1 with stages 0 to IIB @entity0 diagnosed between 2010 and 2012. Using KP and IH electronic health records, we identified use of computed tomography, positron emission tomography, or bone scintigraphy 30 days before diagnosis to 30 days postsurgery. We performed chart abstraction on a random sample of @entity1 who received a presurgical imaging test to identify indication. RESULTS: For the sample of 10,010 @entity1 , mean age at diagnosis was 60 years (range, 22 to 99 years); with 21% stage 0, 47% stage I, and 32% stage II. Overall, 15% of @entity1 (n = 1,480) received at least one imaging test during the staging window, 15% at KP and 14% at IH (P = .5). Eight percent of @entity1 received imaging before surgery, and 7% postsurgery. We found significant intraregional variation in imaging use. Chart abstraction (n = 129, 16% of @entity1 who received presurgical imaging) revealed that 48% of presurgical imaging was diagnostic. CONCLUSION: Use of imaging for staging of low-risk @entity0 was similar in both systems, and slightly lower than has been reported in the literature. Approximately half of imaging tests were ordered in response to a sign or symptom.

title: Use of imaging for staging of XXXX in two integrated health care systems: adherence with a choosing wisely recommendation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: Between January 1976 and March 1979, @entity1152 was successfully repaired in six @entity1 with circular myotomy (Livaditis technique) and end-to-end @entity254 . @entity1 were 1 day-6 mo in age and weighed 2.4 to 8.0 kg at the time of repair. Four @entity1 required one and two @entity1 required two circular myotomies in the proximal esophagus to bridge gaps between esophageal ends, which varied from 1.2-3.0 cm. Follow-up has been 1-4 yr (mean-3 yr). Operative complications included: opening of the mucosa at myotomy (2) and @entity834 (2). Subsequently, three @entity1 developed anastomotic stricture which required dilatation. Current x-rays show ballooning of the esophagus at the myotomy site during swallowing in all. However, the esophageal diameter at the myotomy site was never more than 2 cm greater than that of the distal esophagus. In the three @entity1 with anastomotic stricture, mucosal ballooning was not greater than in the others. During follow-up, weights have ranged from the 3rd to the 50th percentile for age. Swallowing has been good in 4, fair in 1 (dilatation still required), and poor in 1 ( @entity85 necessitate @entity3685 ). Circular myotomy offers a safe means of esophageal lengthening. Complications directly related to the myotomy are minimal (mucosal tear) and should be recognized at operation. Ballooning of the mucosa at the myotomy site is a common late finding but diverticulum formation has not occurred. Swallowing and esophageal motility are similar to other @entity1 who have had @entity1152 repair.

title: Long-term follow-up circular myotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy feedings']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['oropalatal deformities']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evidence relating the rate of change in renal function, measured as @entity470 , after antihypertensive treatment in elderly @entity1 to clinical outcome is sparse. This study characterized the rate of change in @entity470 after commencement of antihypertensive treatment in an elderly population, the factors associated with @entity470 rate change, and the rate's association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Data from the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used, where 6083 @entity101 @entity1 aged >= 65 years were enrolled during 1995-1997 and followed for a median of 4.1 years (in-trial). Following the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study, @entity1 were followed-up for a further median 6.9 years (post-trial). The annual rate of change in the @entity470 was calculated in 4940 @entity1 using @entity1011 measurements during the in-trial period and classified into quintiles (Q) on the basis of the following @entity470 changes: rapid decline (Q1), decline (Q2), stable (Q3), increase (Q4), and rapid increase (Q5). RESULTS: A rapid decline in @entity470 in comparison with those with stable eGFRs during the in-trial period was associated with older age, living in a rural area, wider pulse pressure at baseline, receiving diuretic-based therapy, taking multiple antihypertensive drugs, and having blood pressure <140/90 mmHg during the study. However, a rapid increase in @entity470 was observed in younger @entity1 and those with a higher @entity165 level. After adjustment for baseline and in-trial covariates, Cox-proportional hazard models showed a significantly greater risk for both all-cause (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.52; P=0.003) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.76; P=0.004) mortality in the rapid decline group compared with the stable group over a median of 7.2 years after the last @entity470 measure. No significant association with mortality was observed for a rapid increase in @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 with treated @entity101 , a rapid decline in @entity470 is associated with a higher risk of mortality.

title: Rate of Change in Renal Function and Mortality in Elderly Treated XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evidence relating the rate of change in renal function, measured as @entity470 , after antihypertensive treatment in elderly @entity1 to clinical outcome is sparse. This study characterized the rate of change in @entity470 after commencement of antihypertensive treatment in an elderly population, the factors associated with @entity470 rate change, and the rate's association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Data from the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used, where 6083 @entity101 @entity1 aged >= 65 years were enrolled during 1995-1997 and followed for a median of 4.1 years (in-trial). Following the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study, @entity1 were followed-up for a further median 6.9 years (post-trial). The annual rate of change in the @entity470 was calculated in 4940 @entity1 using @entity1011 measurements during the in-trial period and classified into quintiles (Q) on the basis of the following @entity470 changes: rapid decline (Q1), decline (Q2), stable (Q3), increase (Q4), and rapid increase (Q5). RESULTS: A rapid decline in @entity470 in comparison with those with stable eGFRs during the in-trial period was associated with older age, living in a rural area, wider pulse pressure at baseline, receiving diuretic-based therapy, taking multiple antihypertensive drugs, and having blood pressure <140/90 mmHg during the study. However, a rapid increase in @entity470 was observed in younger @entity1 and those with a higher @entity165 level. After adjustment for baseline and in-trial covariates, Cox-proportional hazard models showed a significantly greater risk for both all-cause (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.52; P=0.003) and cardiovascular (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.76; P=0.004) mortality in the rapid decline group compared with the stable group over a median of 7.2 years after the last @entity470 measure. No significant association with mortality was observed for a rapid increase in @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity1 with treated @entity101 , a rapid decline in @entity470 is associated with a higher risk of mortality.

title: Rate of Change in Renal Function and Mortality in Elderly Treated @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: There were 30 @entity1 , under 1 yr of age, in refractory congestive @entity712 , who underwent surgical correction for @entity1498 . The series was divided into two groups, depending on the type of surgical procedure performed: Group 1, 17 @entity1 end-to-end @entity254 ; Group 2, 13 @entity1 aortic angioplasty. Aortic angioplasty was carried out by three methods. Ten @entity1 had a @entity3526 as described by Waldhausen in 1966. In two @entity1 a carotid artery flap angioplasty was used to enlarge a severely hypoplastic @entity2998 . In one @entity1 an onlay patch of pericardium was used to relieve obstruction across a coarcted segment. Mortality rates in this series and other series from the literature are primarily dependent upon associated @entity299 . Mortality rates approach zero in @entity1 operated on for @entity1498 who have no associated @entity154 . While the mortality rate was slightly lower in those @entity1 treated by some type of angioplasty, the figures are too small to be significant. In this series and other series recoarctation is far less likely to occur after @entity3526 in comparison to those @entity1 undergoing end-to-end @entity254 . We would advise that in @entity1 1 yr of age, a subclavian or carotid flap angioplasty be used as a primary method of repair.

title: Methods of management and results following surgery for XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch distal to the left carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian flap angioplasty']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To estimate the usefulness of bone scan and @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) for the diagnosis of new @entity174 in @entity3604 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The diagnosis of new @entity3604 requires simple X-ray and supplementary studies. METHODS: We analyzed 87 vertebrae in 44 @entity1 , who diagnosed with @entity3604 using bone scan and @entity2996 within 2 months interval between August 2001 and July 2008. We compared hot uptakes in bone scan with @entity2996 findings such as new @entity174 , old @entity174 and @entity179 . RESULTS: Hot uptakes in bone scan was matched to 48 new @entity174 , 26 old @entity174 and 13 @entity179 in @entity2996 findings. It was 55% of concordance between hot uptakes in bone scan and new @entity174 in @entity2996 . The rate of new @entity174 confirmed by @entity2996 according to 1 level hot uptakes in bone scan was 96%, 2 levels was 50% and 3 more levels was 36%. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of new @entity174 in @entity3604 requires simple X-ray and supplementary studies such as bone scan and @entity2996 . We recommend more careful interpretation in multiple @entity3604 @entity1 about hot uptake lesions of bone scan.

title: The comparison of bone scan and XXXX in osteoporotic compression fractures.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral fractures', 'fractrure in osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

answer: @entity2996 :: (MESH:C564543,Disease) :: ['MRI']


abstract: FDG-PET/CT is increasingly used in staging of @entity2 as single "one stop shop" method. AIM, @entity1 , METHODS: We prospectively included 104 neurological asymptomatic @entity1 (65 years, 26% @entity1 ) with primary diagnosis of @entity2 . In all @entity1 PET/CT including cerebral imaging and cerebral MRI were performed. RESULTS: Diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) was made by PET/CT in 8 @entity1 only (7.7%), by MRI in 22 (21.2%). In 80 @entity1 both PET/CT and MRI showed no BM. In 6 @entity1 (5.8%) BM were detectable on PET/CT as well as on MRI. Exclusive diagnosis of BM by MRI with negative finding on PET/CT was present in 16 @entity1 (15.4%). 2 @entity1 (1.9%) had findings typical for BM on PET/CT but were negative on MRI. With MRI overall 100 BM were detected, with PET/CT only 17 BM (p < 0.01). For the diagnosis of BM PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 27.3%, specificity of 97.6%, positive predictive value of 75% and negative predictive value of 83.3%. BM diameter on PET/CT and MRI were consistent in 43%, in 57% BM were measured larger on MRI. DISCUSSION: Compared to the gold standard of MRI for cerebral staging a considerable number of @entity1 are falsely diagnosed as free from BM by PET/CT. MRI is more accurate than PET/CT for detecting multiple and smaller BM. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a curative option MRI should be performed additionally to PET/CT for definitive exclusion of brain metastases.

title: XXXX . Comparison of cerebral MRI and 18F-FDG-PET/CT for diagnosis in the initial staging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Brain metastasis in lung cancer']


abstract: Transforming growth factor    (TGF-  ) signaling can inhibit @entity5 growth in developing @entity5 . However, it promotes @entity5 invasiveness and @entity3 in late-stage @entity5 . A number of TGF-   gene polymorphisms have been identified that can affect the survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In this study, we investigated the association of the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , with survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Japanese @entity1 who were treated for unresectable advanced @entity1149 between April 2003 and March 2008 at Kyoto University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were performed using statistical tests. The median survival of @entity1 with the TT genotype was shorter, although not significantly, than that of @entity1 with either the CT or CC genotype. Based on both univariable and multivariable analyses, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was not associated with prognosis. In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, the median survival was significantly shorter with the TT genotype than with the CT or CC genotype. Based on univariable analysis, stage IV @entity5 and the TT genotype had a significant prognostic effect on survival. Based on multivariable analysis, the TT genotype was a significantly independent prognostic factor for survival. There was no association between the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , and survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, however, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was significantly associated with the prognosis of advanced @entity1149 , and the TT genotype was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival.

title: Association of the transforming growth factor   1 promoter polymorphism, @entity12172 , with smoking status and survival in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Transforming growth factor    (TGF-  ) signaling can inhibit @entity5 growth in developing @entity5 . However, it promotes @entity5 invasiveness and @entity3 in late-stage @entity5 . A number of TGF-   gene polymorphisms have been identified that can affect the survival of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In this study, we investigated the association of the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , with survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . Japanese @entity1 who were treated for unresectable advanced @entity1149 between April 2003 and March 2008 at Kyoto University Hospital, were enrolled in this study. Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were performed using statistical tests. The median survival of @entity1 with the TT genotype was shorter, although not significantly, than that of @entity1 with either the CT or CC genotype. Based on both univariable and multivariable analyses, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was not associated with prognosis. In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, the median survival was significantly shorter with the TT genotype than with the CT or CC genotype. Based on univariable analysis, stage IV @entity5 and the TT genotype had a significant prognostic effect on survival. Based on multivariable analysis, the TT genotype was a significantly independent prognostic factor for survival. There was no association between the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , and survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . In @entity1 with a smoking status of <40 pack-years, however, the TGF-  1 polymorphism, @entity12172 , was significantly associated with the prognosis of advanced @entity1149 , and the TT genotype was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival.

title: Association of the transforming growth factor   1 promoter polymorphism, XXXX , with smoking status and survival in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity12172 :: (c|SUB|C|-509|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C-509T']


abstract: There have been a few studies regarding detail of @entity615 in adolescents with @entity2112 ( @entity2112 ) as prevalence, location, and severity. The condition of @entity615 in adolescents with @entity2112 was clarified based on a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey, targeting a total of 43,630 pupils, including all elementary school pupils from the fourth to sixth grade (21,893 pupils) and all junior high pupils from the first to third year (21,737 pupils) in Niigata City (population of 785,067), Japan. 32,134 pupils were determined to have valid responses (valid response rate: 73.7%). In Niigata City, pupils from the fourth grade of elementary school to the third year of junior high school are screened for @entity1635 every year. This screening system involves a three-step survey, and the third step of the survey is an imaging and medical examination at the Niigata University Hospital. In this study, the pupils who answered in the questionnaire that they had been advised to visit Niigata University Hospital after the school screening were defined as @entity1635 group (51 pupils; 0.159%) and the others were defined as No @entity1635 group (32,083 pupils). The point and lifetime prevalence of @entity615 , the duration, the recurrence, the severity and the location of @entity615 were compared between these groups. The severity of @entity615 was divided into three levels (level 1 no limitation in any activity; level 2 necessary to refrain from participating in sports and physical activities, and level 3 necessary to be absent from school). The point prevalence was 11.4% in No @entity1635 group, and 27.5% in @entity1635 group. The lifetime prevalence was 32.9% in No @entity1635 group, and 58.8% in @entity1635 group. According to the gender- and school-grade-adjusted odds ratios (OR), @entity1635 group showed a more than twofold elevated odds of @entity615 compared to No @entity1635 group irrespective of the point or lifetime prevalence of @entity615 (OR, 2.29; P = 0.009 and OR, 2.10; P = 0.012, respectively). @entity1635 group experienced significantly more severe @entity158 , and of a significantly longer duration with more frequent recurrences in comparison to No @entity1635 group. @entity1635 group showed significantly more @entity615 in the @entity615 in comparison to No @entity1635 group. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between @entity158 around the right scapula in @entity1635 group and the right rib hump that is common in @entity2112 .

title: Back XXXX in adolescents with @entity2112 : epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City, Japan.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'upper and middle right back']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis', 'IS']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis', 'scoliosis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: There have been a few studies regarding detail of @entity615 in adolescents with @entity2112 ( @entity2112 ) as prevalence, location, and severity. The condition of @entity615 in adolescents with @entity2112 was clarified based on a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire survey, targeting a total of 43,630 pupils, including all elementary school pupils from the fourth to sixth grade (21,893 pupils) and all junior high pupils from the first to third year (21,737 pupils) in Niigata City (population of 785,067), Japan. 32,134 pupils were determined to have valid responses (valid response rate: 73.7%). In Niigata City, pupils from the fourth grade of elementary school to the third year of junior high school are screened for @entity1635 every year. This screening system involves a three-step survey, and the third step of the survey is an imaging and medical examination at the Niigata University Hospital. In this study, the pupils who answered in the questionnaire that they had been advised to visit Niigata University Hospital after the school screening were defined as @entity1635 group (51 pupils; 0.159%) and the others were defined as No @entity1635 group (32,083 pupils). The point and lifetime prevalence of @entity615 , the duration, the recurrence, the severity and the location of @entity615 were compared between these groups. The severity of @entity615 was divided into three levels (level 1 no limitation in any activity; level 2 necessary to refrain from participating in sports and physical activities, and level 3 necessary to be absent from school). The point prevalence was 11.4% in No @entity1635 group, and 27.5% in @entity1635 group. The lifetime prevalence was 32.9% in No @entity1635 group, and 58.8% in @entity1635 group. According to the gender- and school-grade-adjusted odds ratios (OR), @entity1635 group showed a more than twofold elevated odds of @entity615 compared to No @entity1635 group irrespective of the point or lifetime prevalence of @entity615 (OR, 2.29; P = 0.009 and OR, 2.10; P = 0.012, respectively). @entity1635 group experienced significantly more severe @entity158 , and of a significantly longer duration with more frequent recurrences in comparison to No @entity1635 group. @entity1635 group showed significantly more @entity615 in the @entity615 in comparison to No @entity1635 group. These findings suggest that there is a relationship between @entity158 around the right scapula in @entity1635 group and the right rib hump that is common in @entity2112 .

title: Back @entity158 in adolescents with XXXX : epidemiological study for 43,630 pupils in Niigata City, Japan.

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of dose selection on population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimation using a rapid binding approximation of a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) model previously developed for @entity2391 ( @entity2391 ). A total of 50 replicate datasets each containing 100 subjects were created using NONMEM. The study design included IV injection of @entity2391 followed by the SC route in a crossover manner, with each dose and route of administration separated by a 1,000 h washout period. Serial plasma PK samples were simulated up to 48 h for all subjects following each dose. Population mean PK parameters were re-estimated in NONMEM for each simulated dataset using the same @entity734 model after including the following doses (MIU/kg): (A) 1, 3 and 10 (original study); @entity72028 MIU/kg only. Bias in the model fit was assessed by calculating the percent prediction error (PE%) for each of the population mean PK parameters relative to the estimates obtained from the fit to the 1, 3, and 10 MIU/kg doses (Case A). Relatively unbiased population mean PK parameter estimates (median PE% <8%) were obtained only when the study design included 1, 3 and a minimum higher dose of 7 MIU/kg. Bias increased for various parameters when the highest dose was less than 7 MIU/kg along with 1 and 3 MIU/kg being the low and intermediate dose levels. An increase in the bias for binding capacity, R(tot), and the equilibrium dissociation constant, K (D), was observed as the highest dose included in the dataset was reduced from 5 to 3 MIU/kg (median PE% ranged from -4.71 to -23.9% and -4.76 to -34.6%). Similar increases in the range of median PE% were also observed for other model parameters as the highest dose was reduced from 5 to 3 MIU/kg. Severely biased results were obtained from the study design that included only the 10 MIU/kg dose (Case G) suggesting that it is not sufficient to study just a high dose group. This bias was greatly reduced (median PE% <14%) for all parameters except K (D) when the 3 and 10 MIU/kg doses were co-modeled (Case F). Plots of the PE% for R(tot) and K (D) versus the molar ratio of maximum dose to R(tot) suggest that study designs should evaluate at least one @entity2391 dose 3.5- to 4-fold higher than R(tot) along with the 1 and 3 MIU/kg dose levels to obtain unbiased population PK parameter estimates. In summary, for the @entity2391 model and study design, dose selection influences the ability to generate relatively unbiased population mean @entity734 parameter estimates, which is based on maximum dose levels relative to R(tot). This simulation study highlights the role of dose selection in optimal study design strategies for drugs such as @entity2391 that exhibit @entity734 properties.

title: Impact of dose selection on parameter estimation using a rapid binding approximation model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['target-mediated drug disposition', 'TMDD']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['target-mediated drug disposition']


abstract: The mechanism whereby @entity5128 ion ( @entity1041 ) prolongs the action potential (AP) was examined by standard microelectrode techniques in papillary muscles isolated from nonreserpinized and reserpinized @entity840 hearts. First, effects of 5 and 10 mmol/l @entity1041 on steady-state AP parameters, i.e. the maximum rate of rise of AP (Vmax), AP amplitude, AP duration and resting potential, were examined at stimulation rates of 0.1 to 5 Hz. Second, effects of 5 and 10 mmol/l @entity1041 on nonsteady-state AP parameters, i.e. the recovery processes of Vmax, AP duration and overshoot, were examined by introducing premature responses with various diastolic intervals between the basic stimulation rate of 0.1 Hz. @entity1041 prolonged the AP more in the nonreserpinized preparations than in the reserpinized ones at all stimulation rates. In both preparations, this prolongation of the AP was greater at lower rates (0.1-1 Hz) than at higher rates (2-5 Hz), but the ratio of @entity1041 -treated AP duration to control one was almost the same at all stimulation rates. @entity1041 slowed the recovery process of AP duration in the nonreserpinized preparations, but not in the reserpinized ones. @entity1041 had no effects on the recovery processes of Vmax and overshoot in both preparations. These results suggest that: @entity1041 modifies its intrinsic prolonging action of the AP by releasing @entity1063 from sympathetic nerve terminals; @entity1041 prolongs the AP by reducing the time-independent outward current rather than the time-dependent outward current; and a @entity1041 -sensitive current does not effectively contribute to the total ionic current at the time of Vmax.

title: Effects of XXXX on the action potential duration as modified by catecholamine-releasing action in @entity840 papillary muscles.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity5128 :: (MESH:D019789,Chemical) :: ['tetraethylammonium']


abstract: The mechanism whereby @entity5128 ion ( @entity1041 ) prolongs the action potential (AP) was examined by standard microelectrode techniques in papillary muscles isolated from nonreserpinized and reserpinized @entity840 hearts. First, effects of 5 and 10 mmol/l @entity1041 on steady-state AP parameters, i.e. the maximum rate of rise of AP (Vmax), AP amplitude, AP duration and resting potential, were examined at stimulation rates of 0.1 to 5 Hz. Second, effects of 5 and 10 mmol/l @entity1041 on nonsteady-state AP parameters, i.e. the recovery processes of Vmax, AP duration and overshoot, were examined by introducing premature responses with various diastolic intervals between the basic stimulation rate of 0.1 Hz. @entity1041 prolonged the AP more in the nonreserpinized preparations than in the reserpinized ones at all stimulation rates. In both preparations, this prolongation of the AP was greater at lower rates (0.1-1 Hz) than at higher rates (2-5 Hz), but the ratio of @entity1041 -treated AP duration to control one was almost the same at all stimulation rates. @entity1041 slowed the recovery process of AP duration in the nonreserpinized preparations, but not in the reserpinized ones. @entity1041 had no effects on the recovery processes of Vmax and overshoot in both preparations. These results suggest that: @entity1041 modifies its intrinsic prolonging action of the AP by releasing @entity1063 from sympathetic nerve terminals; @entity1041 prolongs the AP by reducing the time-independent outward current rather than the time-dependent outward current; and a @entity1041 -sensitive current does not effectively contribute to the total ionic current at the time of Vmax.

title: Effects of @entity5128 on the action potential duration as modified by catecholamine-releasing action in XXXX papillary muscles.

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Irreversible electroporation is a new ablation modality. Our purpose was to describe the MRI findings after irreversible electroporation treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In an 18-month period, we treated 24 @entity157 in 20 @entity1 who were not candidates for surgery. MRI was performed before and 1 month after irreversible electroporation. We used the liver-specific contrast medium gadoxetic acid. We evaluated the size, shape, signal intensity (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging), dynamic contrast enhancement pattern, and signal behavior during the liver-specific phase. Changes in the perilesional parenchyma, perfusion abnormalities, and complications were also recorded. RESULTS: According to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors system, 22 of 24 lesions had a complete response, and two lesions showed a partial response and were retreated. The lesions showed a mean size increase of 10%, with a round or oval shape. On the T1-weighted images, we observed a hyperintense core and a hypointense rim. On the T2-weighted sequences, the signal was heterogeneously hypointense. On diffusion-weighted images, 83% of lesions showed restricted diffusion, with b values of 0-800 s/mm(2), whereas in 17% of the lesions, the signal was not clearly discernible for different b values. The apparent diffusion coefficient values did not show statistically significant differences between the baseline (800-1020 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and the reassessment after 1 month (900-1100 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s). The @entity39 area did not show a signal increase after contrast material injection. Perfusion abnormalities, such as areas of transient hepatic intensity difference, were present in the tissue adjacent to six treated lesions. In two @entity1 , a reduced or absent concentration of the contrast medium was observed during the liver-specific phase around the ablation zone. One @entity1 had an arteriovenous shunt and another had biliary duct dilatation. CONCLUSION: MRI detects characteristic morphologic and functional changes after irreversible electroporation treatment.

title: Percutaneous Ablation Therapy of XXXX With Irreversible Electroporation: MRI Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brucellosis is an important @entity166 , especially in developing countries, and may involve any organ, including the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to assess cardiac and endothelial functions in @entity3377 @entity1 . METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity3377 and seventy-five healthy volunteers from @entity233 were enrolled between 2011 and 2013 in this cross-sectional study. Diagnosis was established by the Rose-Bengal test, positive Brucella standart tube agglutination test, and Coombs STA and/or isolation Brucella species from blood. Cases were divided into three groups: Group I; acute @entity3377 , Group II; subacute @entity3377 , and Group III; chronic @entity3377 . Healthy individuals comprised Group IV. All @entity1 underwent transthoracic echocardiography and brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) test. RESULTS: Groups I to IV comprised 35, 18, and 20 @entity1 , and 75 controls respectively. The most frequent symptoms were @entity4841 (82%), @entity221 (92%), and @entity1295 (97%). Echocardiography revealed no difference among the 4 groups regarding left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions and valvular functions. Brachial artery diameter after @entity450 was significantly different among the groups (p=0.002). Post hoc test showed Group III to have significantly lower brachial artery diameter after @entity450 compared to other groups (p=0.02, p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). @entity384 was also significantly lower in Group III compared to Groups I, II and IV (p<0.001 for each). CONCLUSION: Brucellosis impairs endothelial functions in chronic symptomatic @entity1 without overt cardiac involvement.

title: Brucellosis impairs endothelial functions in chronic symptomatic XXXX without overt cardiac involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'flow-mediated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have asked, is @entity2298 in the fed state in pregnancy due to intolerance to exogenous fat, accumulation of endogenous @entity1674 , or accumulation of remnants of d < 1.006 lipoprotein metabolism? To answer these questions, we fed fat-free diets high in starch or @entity969 , or diets containing fat or fat plus @entity165 to pregnant and nonpregnant @entity35 for 12 days until gestational day 21 (term = 22 days). Blood was obtained 0, 4, or 8 hr after removal of food from the cages. Lipid concentrations were determined in chylomicrons and very low, low, and high density lipoproteins. @entity2298 in pregnancy exists on both starch and @entity969 containing fat-free diets and is exaggerated 4 and 8 hr after food is removed from the cage. The @entity412 rise occurs in d < 1.006 lipoproteins. With fat feeding, chylomicron @entity412 concentrations are not significantly elevated in pregnant @entity35 , 0 or 8 hr postabsorptively despite greater food intake in pregnancy. In contrast, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) @entity412 concentrations are elevated at all times following fat feeding in pregnant compared to nonpregnant animals. A significant contribution of lipoprotein remnants to the @entity412 rise in d < 1.006 lipoproteins seems unlikely since an isolated increase in VLDL @entity165 is not observed. No statistically significant accumulation of hepatic @entity1674 occurs on any diet in pregnancy. Diet induced shifts in adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity are exaggerated in pregnancy while @entity52927 is unaffected. Fetal weight is similar on all diets except @entity969 where weight is reduced. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2298 in fed pregnant @entity35 is due to an increase in endogenous @entity1674 . Remnant lipid accumulation does not appear to contribute to the endogenous @entity2298 . There is no intolerance to exogenous (dietary) fat. The results are compatible with an unimpaired delivery of exogenous fat to fat oxidizing tissues thereby maximizing @entity413 availability for fetal growth.

title: Lipid metabolism in pregnancy. VIII. Effects of dietary fat versus carbohydrate on lipoprotein and hepatic lipids and tissue XXXX lipases.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']