abstract: Cardiac septal overgrowth complicates 10-40% of births from diabetic mothers, but perplexingly @entity4854 markers during pregnancy are not reliably predictive. We thus tested whether fetal exposure to @entity4854 is sufficient to induce fetal cardiac septal overgrowth even in the @entity6 . To isolate the effects of @entity4854 , we infused @entity413 into the blood supply of the left but not right uterine horn in nondiabetic pregnant @entity35 starting on gestational day 19. After 24   h infusion, right-sided fetuses and dams remained euglycemic while left-sided fetuses were moderately @entity1602 . Echocardiograms in utero demonstrated a thickened @entity299 among left-sided ( @entity413 -exposed, 0.592    0.016   mm) compared to right-sided (control, 0.482    0.016   mm) fetuses. Myocardial proliferation was increased 1.5    0.2-fold among left-sided compared to right-sided fetuses. Transcriptional markers of @entity413 -derived anabolism were not different between sides. However, left-sided fetuses exhibited higher serum insulin and greater @entity6336 phosphorylation compared to controls. These results show that @entity1602 exposure is sufficient to rapidly induce septal overgrowth even in the absence of the myriad other factors of maternal @entity6 . This suggests that even transient spikes in @entity413 may incite @entity299 , perhaps explaining the poor clinical correlation of @entity1184 with @entity4854 .

title: Maternal XXXX Directly and Rapidly Induces Cardiac Septal Overgrowth in Fetal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['absence of systemic maternal diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac overgrowth', 'cardiac septum']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'chronic hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: Cardiac septal overgrowth complicates 10-40% of births from diabetic mothers, but perplexingly @entity4854 markers during pregnancy are not reliably predictive. We thus tested whether fetal exposure to @entity4854 is sufficient to induce fetal cardiac septal overgrowth even in the @entity6 . To isolate the effects of @entity4854 , we infused @entity413 into the blood supply of the left but not right uterine horn in nondiabetic pregnant @entity35 starting on gestational day 19. After 24   h infusion, right-sided fetuses and dams remained euglycemic while left-sided fetuses were moderately @entity1602 . Echocardiograms in utero demonstrated a thickened @entity299 among left-sided ( @entity413 -exposed, 0.592    0.016   mm) compared to right-sided (control, 0.482    0.016   mm) fetuses. Myocardial proliferation was increased 1.5    0.2-fold among left-sided compared to right-sided fetuses. Transcriptional markers of @entity413 -derived anabolism were not different between sides. However, left-sided fetuses exhibited higher serum insulin and greater @entity6336 phosphorylation compared to controls. These results show that @entity1602 exposure is sufficient to rapidly induce septal overgrowth even in the absence of the myriad other factors of maternal @entity6 . This suggests that even transient spikes in @entity413 may incite @entity299 , perhaps explaining the poor clinical correlation of @entity1184 with @entity4854 .

title: Maternal @entity4854 Directly and Rapidly Induces Cardiac Septal Overgrowth in Fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Autogenous iliac crest bone grafts are often used for @entity1 undergoing @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ). Study findings have shown that @entity158 at the iliac crest donor site can often be more severe than that at the primary operation site. A method used to eliminate @entity158 after bone harvesting involves infiltration of a local anesthetic directly into the site. This study examined the efficacy of local anesthetic infiltration in the control of donor site @entity158 , utilizing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-conrolled design. All @entity1 received standard postoperative intravenous and oral analgesic. Those in the study group also received six injections of @entity1341 0.25% into the donor site, while @entity1 in the placebo group received normal saline injections. @entity1 receiving @entity1341 (n = 14) consistently reported lower @entity158 scores than @entity1 receiving the placebo (n = 8), with significant differences noted 3 hours after the first and second doses of the study drug. The @entity1341 group's mean @entity1286 intake for the first 24 hours after surgery was found to be lower (32 mg; placebo 44 mg), whereas @entity1 younger than 49 years who received @entity1341 were found, on average, to have stayed in the hospital one day less (3.6 days) than placebo group @entity1 (4.5 days). Younger @entity1 receiving @entity1341 required less @entity1286 and had, on average, a reduced length of stay. The clinical implication of using local anesthetic for the relief of donor site @entity158 suggests that it is a safe and efficacious technique.

title: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of local anesthetic use for iliac crest donor site XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['anterior cervical fusion', 'ACF']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'bupivacaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'hip pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The authors present the technical and anatomical nuances needed to perform an endoscopic endonasal removal of a @entity1653 . The @entity1 is a 47-year-old female with @entity10 and an incidental finding of a small @entity1653 with no vascular encasement, no optic canal invasion, but mild inferior to superior compression of the cisternal segment of the left optic nerve. Neuroophthalmology assessment revealed no @entity227 . Treatment options included clinical observation with imaging follow-up studies, radiosurgery, and resection. The @entity1 elected to undergo surgical removal and an endonasal endoscopic approach was the preferred surgical option. Preoperative radiological studies showed the presence of an osseous ring between the left middle and anterior clinoids, the so-called carotico-clinoidal ring. The surgical implications of this finding and its management are illustrated. The surgical anatomy of the suprasellar region is reviewed, including concepts such as the chiasmatic sulcus and limbus sphenoidale, medial and lateral optico-carotid recesses, and the paraclinoidal and @entity3538 . Emphasis is made in the importance of exposing the distal dural ring of the internal carotid artery and the precanalicular segment of the optic nerve for adequate intradural dissection. The endonasal route allows for @entity3459 of the @entity5 meningeal supply and extensive resection of dural attachments, and importantly, provides an inferior to superior access to the infrachiasmatic region that facilitates complete @entity5 removal without any manipulation of the optic nerve. The lateral limit of dural removal is formed by the distal dural ring, which is gently coagulated after the @entity5 is resected. A 45   scope is used to inspect for any @entity41 , in particular at the entrance of the optic nerve into the optic canal and at the most anterior margin of the exposure (limbus sphenoidale). The steps for reconstruction are detailed and include intradural placement of dural substitute and extradural placement of the nasoseptal flap. The nuances for proper harvesting, positioning, and reinforcement of the flap are described. No lumbar drain was used. The @entity1 had an uneventful recovery with no CSF leak or any other complications. Imaging follow-up at 6 months showed complete @entity5 . The @entity1 had no sinonasal or neurological symptoms, and olfaction was fully preserved. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/kkuV-yyEHMg .

title: Endoscopic endonasal approach for a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual defects']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['supraclinoidal segments of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['early coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the consequences of pregnancy on @entity1 affected by @entity1577 and to clarify the impact of the disease on maternal and newborn health. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Pregnancy survey from the French Cystic Fibrosis Registry. POPULATION: @entity1 with @entity1577 having a pregnancy between 1980 and 1999. METHODS: During the 1980-1999 period, 90 pregnancies in 80 French female @entity1 were registered in the pregnancy survey of the French Cystic Fibrosis Registry. General and clinical data before pregnancy were noted. Outcome of the pregnancy was described. Variations of pulmonary function and body weight during pregnancy were evaluated. Comparison between a group of pregnant @entity1 and a group of non-pregnant cystic fibrotic @entity1 of same age and genotype, followed in the same care centre network, was made. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spirometric and nutritional parameters, vital status and perinatal health indicators. RESULTS: The outcome was identified for 75 cases: 64 delivered babies (45 at term and 10 prematurely, prematurity rate: 18%), 10 abortions (five spontaneous and five therapeutic or medical), and one maternal death during pregnancy. The proportion of newborns with low weight was 29.8%. Mean maternal weight gain during pregnancy was 5.5 kg. Four affected @entity1 were diagnosed after birth. A decline in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity was observed between the beginning of pregnancy and the year following the delivery. However, no significant difference was found when comparing the variation in the pulmonary function during pregnancy between cases and controls. Moreover, the pulmonary status before pregnancy was better than the status of non-pregnant @entity1 . Among 12 @entity204 recorded after pregnancy, only three happened in the year following the pregnancy. All three @entity1 had an FEV1 < 50% before pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy only has a slight adverse effect on maternal health if the @entity1 are in good general condition before starting pregnancy. @entity1 with a better health status are more inclined to initiate and successfully complete a pregnancy. Complete collaboration between @entity1577 and obstetricians should be observed to allow @entity1 to deliver @entity1 in the best conditions.

title: XXXX and pregnancy. Report from French data (1980-1999).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis practitioners', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity85 in @entity1 with idiopathic clubfeet who had undergone surgical intervention with a circumferential release through a Cincinnati incision in early infancy. METHODS: A retrospective follow-up evaluation of @entity1 with @entity5149 was conducted. We reviewed @entity1 who had undergone surgical treatment by a circumferential release in our department after unsuccessful casting, and who were at least 10 years of age. Main focus was the measurement of anteroposterior and lateral view radiographs for distal @entity85 . Of 65 @entity1 (93 feet) who had surgery for @entity5149 from 1998 to 2002, radiographic data of 35 @entity1 (52 feet) were analyzed. RESULTS: An @entity85 was present in 25 of 52 feet (48.1%) and a @entity85 in 29 of 52 feet (55.8%). A flat-top talus was evident to some degree in all cases. An abnormal lateral talocalcaneal angle was evident in 42.3%. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the importance of conducting follow-up evaluations on @entity1 with @entity5149 for @entity85 . This is the first study, to our knowledge, highlighting the high incidence of distal @entity85 after surgery for @entity5149 . It is unclear at this time whether this is also true for clubfeet after conservative treatment. However, @entity1 with clubfeet should have radiographs of the ankle joint between the age of 10 and 12 years to be able to treat possible @entity85 through guided growth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

title: Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in XXXX With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity', 'deformities', 'tibia deformities', 'deformities of the distal tibia', 'tibial deformities', 'anteflexion deformity', 'secondary deformities of the distal tibia']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic clubfoot']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Mechanical compression of cartilage is associated with a rise in the interstitial osmotic pressure, which can alter cell volume and activate volume recovery pathways. One of the early events implicated in regulatory volume changes and mechanotransduction is an increase of intracellular @entity460 ion ([ @entity141 ](i)). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that osmotic stress initiates intracellular @entity141 signaling in chondrocytes. Using laser scanning microscopy and digital image processing, [ @entity141 ](i) and cell volume were monitored in chondrocytes exposed to @entity2915 . Control experiments showed that exposure to hyper-osmotic solution caused significant decreases in cell volume as well as transient increases in [ @entity141 ](i). The initial peak in [ @entity141 ](i) was generally followed by @entity1547 . Pretreatment with @entity2287 , a non-specific blocker of mechanosensitive ion channels, inhibited this [ @entity141 ](i) increase. @entity460 -free media eliminated [ @entity141 ](i) increases in all cases. Pretreatment with @entity4385 , @entity2426 , or heparin (blockers of the @entity19260 pathway), or pertussis toxin (a blocker of G-proteins) significantly decreased the percentage of cells responding to osmotic stress and nearly abolished all oscillations. Cell volume decreased with @entity1642 and recovered towards baseline levels throughout the duration of the control experiments. The peak volume change with 550 mOsm osmotic stress, as well as the percent recovery of cell volume, was dependent on [ @entity141 ](i.) These findings indicate that osmotic stress causes significant volume change in chondrocytes and may activate an intracellular second messenger signal by inducing transient increases in [ @entity141 ](i).

title: Hyper-osmotic stress induces volume change and XXXX transients in chondrocytes by transmembrane, phospholipid, and G-protein pathways.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decaying oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-osmotic solutions']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-osmotic stress']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently found that the @entity803 @entity1214 suppresses inflammatory responses in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E-positive @entity748 @entity1 , and that IgE levels can decrease in these @entity1 . The mechanism by which @entity1214 suppresses these responses is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We have now investigated the ability of the @entity2930 , @entity1214 and @entity3403 , to regulate IgE responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from serum IgE-positive @entity748 @entity1 . METHODS: The distributions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and @entity1075 + lymphocytes in peripheral blood of serum IgE-positive @entity748 @entity1 and IgE-negative nonasthmatic controls, and cytokine-specific mRNA expression by their PBMC were determined by flow cytometry (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Serum Ig levels also were determined (nephelometry, fluoroenzymeimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; n = 7/group). PBMC (1.5 x 10(6)/mL) were cultured with anti- @entity2936 monoclonal antibody and recombinant @entity1 @entity3646 in the presence/absence of @entity1214 or @entity3403 (0.1 to 10 microg/mL), and IgE levels in supernatants determined on days 0, 3, and 10 (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay). RESULTS: Asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects had similar numbers of blood CD4+ T cells (779/mm3 +/- 73 and 766 +/- 115, respectively) and @entity1075 + B-cells (239/mm3 +/- 35 and 379 +/- 95, respectively); however, CD8+ T cell numbers were decreased in @entity748 compared with nonasthmatic subjects (378/mm3 +/- 66 and 568 +/- 53, respectively; P = 0.045). High IgE levels were detected in supernatants of @entity748 PBMC on day 10 (28 ng/mL +/- 12), whereas control IgE levels did not change (<2.5 ng/mL). When either @entity1214 or @entity3403 was included in culture, IgE production by @entity748 PBMC was strongly suppressed in dose-dependent fashion on day 10 (>80% with 10 microg/mL); control IgE did not change (<2.5 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the idea that the therapeutic benefits obtained by @entity748 @entity1 from @entity1214 may, in part, result from IgE suppression.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity3403 on IgE responses.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1214 :: (MESH:D008911,Chemical) :: ['minocycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently found that the @entity803 @entity1214 suppresses inflammatory responses in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E-positive @entity748 @entity1 , and that IgE levels can decrease in these @entity1 . The mechanism by which @entity1214 suppresses these responses is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We have now investigated the ability of the @entity2930 , @entity1214 and @entity3403 , to regulate IgE responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from serum IgE-positive @entity748 @entity1 . METHODS: The distributions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and @entity1075 + lymphocytes in peripheral blood of serum IgE-positive @entity748 @entity1 and IgE-negative nonasthmatic controls, and cytokine-specific mRNA expression by their PBMC were determined by flow cytometry (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Serum Ig levels also were determined (nephelometry, fluoroenzymeimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; n = 7/group). PBMC (1.5 x 10(6)/mL) were cultured with anti- @entity2936 monoclonal antibody and recombinant @entity1 @entity3646 in the presence/absence of @entity1214 or @entity3403 (0.1 to 10 microg/mL), and IgE levels in supernatants determined on days 0, 3, and 10 (enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay). RESULTS: Asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects had similar numbers of blood CD4+ T cells (779/mm3 +/- 73 and 766 +/- 115, respectively) and @entity1075 + B-cells (239/mm3 +/- 35 and 379 +/- 95, respectively); however, CD8+ T cell numbers were decreased in @entity748 compared with nonasthmatic subjects (378/mm3 +/- 66 and 568 +/- 53, respectively; P = 0.045). High IgE levels were detected in supernatants of @entity748 PBMC on day 10 (28 ng/mL +/- 12), whereas control IgE levels did not change (<2.5 ng/mL). When either @entity1214 or @entity3403 was included in culture, IgE production by @entity748 PBMC was strongly suppressed in dose-dependent fashion on day 10 (>80% with 10 microg/mL); control IgE did not change (<2.5 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the idea that the therapeutic benefits obtained by @entity748 @entity1 from @entity1214 may, in part, result from IgE suppression.

title: Effect of @entity1214 and XXXX on IgE responses.

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For suspected scaphoid @entity174 with no radiographic evidence of @entity174 , treating symptoms with immobilization and radiographic follow-up has long been the standard of care. Modified MR imaging of the wrist is offered at our institution in screening for radiographically occult scaphoid @entity174 at the time of initial presentation to the emergency department. We show the advantages and comparative costs of this modified protocol versus a traditional protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our modified protocol consists of coronal thin-section T1-weighted and fast spin-echo T2-weighted MR images with fat saturation. A review of the literature was performed to assess the accuracy of clinical examination, radiography, and other modalities in the evaluation of scaphoid @entity174 of the wrist. Charges for this procedure are compared with charges for traditional follow-up. RESULTS: Three of four @entity1 with positive results at clinical examination and negative findings on initial radiographs will be needlessly immobilized and monitored. The charges to the @entity1 at our institution for screening MR imaging of the wrist are  770. The total charges to the @entity1 with the traditional protocol, which would not be necessary with screening MR imaging, are  677 or more if a diagnosis is not made at this time. Bone scanning or routine MR imaging is often eventually used. CONCLUSION: Cost analysis at our institution suggests the two protocols are nearly equivalent from a financial standpoint. The loss of productivity for @entity1 who are unnecessarily in casts or splints may be substantial. Screening MR imaging of the wrist in this setting is becoming accepted at our institution in a manner similar to screening MR imaging of the hip.

title: Cost-effectiveness of immediate MR imaging versus traditional follow-up for revealing radiographically occult scaphoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2067 -dependent factors protect against @entity729 , and @entity2067 antagonists may be associated with a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed changes in GFR during long-term treatment with @entity1229 or @entity14534 (DE) in @entity1 enrolled in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial. METHODS: Of the 18,113 @entity1 in the RE-LY study randomized to receive DE (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily) or @entity1229 , 16,490 @entity1 with @entity955 had @entity1011 values measured at baseline and at least 1 follow-up visit. Changes in GFR for up to 30 months were evaluated. RESULTS: GFR declined in all treatment groups. After an average of 30 months, the mean    SE decline in GFR was significantly greater with @entity1229 (-3.68    0.24 ml/min) compared with DE 110 mg (-2.57    0.24 ml/min; p  = 0.0009 vs. @entity1229 ) and DE 150 mg (-2.46    0.23 ml/min; p  = 0.0002 vs. @entity1229 ). A decrease in GFR >25% was less likely with DE 110 mg (hazard ratio: 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 0.96]; p  = 0.017) or DE 150 mg (hazard ratio: 0.79 [95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 0.93]; p  =  0.0056) than with @entity1229 in the observation period >18 months. @entity1 with poor international normalized ratio control (i.e., time in therapeutic range  <65%) exhibited a faster decline in GFR. A more pronounced decline in GFR was associated with previous @entity1229 use and with the presence of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity955 receiving oral anticoagulation exhibited a decline in renal function that was greater in those taking @entity1229 versus DE, and it was amplified by @entity6 and previous @entity2067 antagonist use. (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy [RE-LY] With @entity14534 ; NCT00262600).

title: Changes in Renal Function in @entity1 With XXXX : An Analysis From the RE-LY Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K', 'vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran Etexilate', 'dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular and renovascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2067 -dependent factors protect against @entity729 , and @entity2067 antagonists may be associated with a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed changes in GFR during long-term treatment with @entity1229 or @entity14534 (DE) in @entity1 enrolled in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial. METHODS: Of the 18,113 @entity1 in the RE-LY study randomized to receive DE (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily) or @entity1229 , 16,490 @entity1 with @entity955 had @entity1011 values measured at baseline and at least 1 follow-up visit. Changes in GFR for up to 30 months were evaluated. RESULTS: GFR declined in all treatment groups. After an average of 30 months, the mean    SE decline in GFR was significantly greater with @entity1229 (-3.68    0.24 ml/min) compared with DE 110 mg (-2.57    0.24 ml/min; p  = 0.0009 vs. @entity1229 ) and DE 150 mg (-2.46    0.23 ml/min; p  = 0.0002 vs. @entity1229 ). A decrease in GFR >25% was less likely with DE 110 mg (hazard ratio: 0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 0.96]; p  = 0.017) or DE 150 mg (hazard ratio: 0.79 [95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 0.93]; p  =  0.0056) than with @entity1229 in the observation period >18 months. @entity1 with poor international normalized ratio control (i.e., time in therapeutic range  <65%) exhibited a faster decline in GFR. A more pronounced decline in GFR was associated with previous @entity1229 use and with the presence of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity955 receiving oral anticoagulation exhibited a decline in renal function that was greater in those taking @entity1229 versus DE, and it was amplified by @entity6 and previous @entity2067 antagonist use. (Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulant Therapy [RE-LY] With @entity14534 ; NCT00262600).

title: Changes in Renal Function in XXXX With @entity955 : An Analysis From the RE-LY Trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A growing segment of the population-adults aged >= 65 years-is more susceptible than younger adults to certain enteric (including foodborne) @entity281 and experience more severe disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using data on laboratory-confirmed @entity281 from the @entity6766 Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), we describe trends in the incidence of Campylobacter spp., @entity526 O157, @entity5125 , and @entity5746 in adults aged >= 65 years over time and by age group and sex. We used data from FoodNet and other sources to estimate the total number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States caused by these @entity281 each year using a statistical model to adjust for underdiagnosis (taking into account medical care-seeking, stool sample submission, laboratory practices, and test sensitivity). RESULTS: From 1996 to 2012, 4 pathogens caused 21,405 laboratory-confirmed @entity281 among older adults residing in the FoodNet surveillance area; 49.3% were hospitalized, and 2.6% died. The average annual rate of @entity281 was highest for @entity5746 (12.8/100,000) and Campylobacter (12.1/100,000). @entity5746 and Listeria led as causes of @entity204 . Among older adults, rates of laboratory-confirmed @entity281 and the percentage of @entity1 who were hospitalized and who died generally increased with age. A notable exception was the rate of @entity27134 , which decreased with increasing age. Adjusting for underdiagnosis, we estimated that these pathogens caused about 226,000 illnesses (   600/100,000) annually among U.S. adults aged >= 65 years, resulting in   9700 hospitalizations and    500 deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Campylobacter, @entity526 O157, Listeria, and @entity5746 are major contributors to illness in older adults, highlighting the value of effective and targeted intervention.

title: Bacterial Enteric Infections Among Older Adults in the United States: XXXX Active Surveillance Network, 1996-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['Foodborne Diseases']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity27134 :: ('MESH:D002169', 'Disease') :: ['Campylobacter infections']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['nontyphoidal Salmonella infections', 'Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['Foodborne Diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In previous investigations, we have shown @entity23842 ( @entity26864 ) caused significant reduction of proliferation and differentiation of @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. In this study, we first treat the @entity35 with @entity26864 , then carried out the biochemical and morphological studies on MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proliferation property of cells was evaluated with the help of @entity98 assay, @entity3460 , population doubling number, and colony forming assay. Differentiation property was evaluated with quantitative @entity622 red assay, measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as well as intracellular @entity460 content. In addition; morphological study, TUNEL test, activated caspase assay, and comet assay were performed to evaluate the mechanism of the cell death. RESULTS: The results showed significant reduction in the colony-forming-ability and population-doubling-number of extracted cells when compared to control ones. In addition, it was revealed that the @entity26864 treatment of @entity35 caused significant reduction in nuclear diameter, cytoplasm shrinkage, and induction of caspase-dependent-apoptosis. Also there was significant reduction in ALP activity, intracellular @entity460 content, and intracellular matrix following osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION: As MSCs are the cellular back up for bone remodeling and repair, we suggest more investigations to be conducted regarding the correlation between the increasing number of @entity1 suffering from @entity170 and @entity26864 @entity137 . Also, we strongly recommend WHO and local health organization to prevent industries of using @entity26864 in formulation of industrial products which may cause changes in proliferation and differentiation properties of stem cells.

title: Biochemical and morphological changes in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by treatment of XXXX with p-Nonylphenol.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity23842 :: ('MESH:C041594', 'Chemical') :: ['para-nonylphenol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A retrospective study is presented of 14 @entity1 with pathologic @entity174 of the humerus (12 established, two impending) treated with Seidel nailing from 1988 through 1995 in the authors' institution. There were nine @entity1 and five @entity1 whose average age was 59.5 years. Breast, prostate, and kidney @entity1358 accounted for the majority of the primary lesions. All but one lesion were located in the middle shaft of the humerus. Ten lesions were considered large (> 5 cm long). In five cases an open curettage and allografting were done. Early @entity158 relief was successful in 85% of the @entity1 . The worst complication found was @entity129 in two (14.28%) @entity1 . Ten @entity174 healed and two failed to heal. Two thirds of the @entity1 had good functional results. The average survival was 12 months. Intramedullary fixation of pathologic @entity174 improves the quality of life by controlling @entity158 for most @entity1 .

title: Treatment of pathologic XXXX of the humerus with Seidel nailing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['definite nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of @entity47400 , @entity506 , @entity42271 , @entity53864 and @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination was evaluated against @entity743 equi of Indian origin in splenectomised @entity15382 with experimentally induced @entity697 . Efficacies of these drugs were tested by administering each drug or drug combination to groups of @entity15382 (having three @entity15382 each group). One group of @entity15382 was kept as untreated control for comparing the results. Parasitaemia, haematology (WBC, RBC, @entity1485 , granulocytes and haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (SAST, SALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin/globulin ratio) were monitored at regular intervals. Individually, @entity42271 and @entity53864 were found to have no parasite clearing efficacy and the treated animals died within 5-6 days after showing high parasitaemia and clinical symptoms of the disease. However, @entity506 treated animals were able to restrict the parasite multiplication but only during the treatment period. Animals treated with @entity47400 and @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination were able to clear the parasite from the blood circulation after 2-5 days post-treatment (PT). After 55-58 days PT, recrudescence of B. equi parasite was observed in both these groups and a mean survival period of 66 days and 69 days, respectively, was recorded in these groups. Results of haemato-biochemical parameters had shown that @entity47400 had deleterious effect on the liver function while on the other hand @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination was found to be safe. This limited study indicates that @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination could be a better choice than @entity47400 for treating B. equi infection, but further trials are required in detail.

title: In-vivo therapeutic efficacy trial with artemisinin derivative, XXXX and imidocarb dipropionate against Babesia equi infection in @entity15382 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity42271 :: ('MESH:C055141', 'Chemical') :: ['arteether']

entities_list: @entity53864 :: ('MESH:C046326', 'Chemical') :: ['buparvaquone']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity47400 :: ('MESH:D007095', 'Chemical') :: ['imidocarb']

answer: @entity53864 :: (MESH:C046326,Chemical) :: ['buparvaquone']


abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of @entity47400 , @entity506 , @entity42271 , @entity53864 and @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination was evaluated against @entity743 equi of Indian origin in splenectomised @entity15382 with experimentally induced @entity697 . Efficacies of these drugs were tested by administering each drug or drug combination to groups of @entity15382 (having three @entity15382 each group). One group of @entity15382 was kept as untreated control for comparing the results. Parasitaemia, haematology (WBC, RBC, @entity1485 , granulocytes and haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (SAST, SALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin/globulin ratio) were monitored at regular intervals. Individually, @entity42271 and @entity53864 were found to have no parasite clearing efficacy and the treated animals died within 5-6 days after showing high parasitaemia and clinical symptoms of the disease. However, @entity506 treated animals were able to restrict the parasite multiplication but only during the treatment period. Animals treated with @entity47400 and @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination were able to clear the parasite from the blood circulation after 2-5 days post-treatment (PT). After 55-58 days PT, recrudescence of B. equi parasite was observed in both these groups and a mean survival period of 66 days and 69 days, respectively, was recorded in these groups. Results of haemato-biochemical parameters had shown that @entity47400 had deleterious effect on the liver function while on the other hand @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination was found to be safe. This limited study indicates that @entity42271 + @entity53864 combination could be a better choice than @entity47400 for treating B. equi infection, but further trials are required in detail.

title: In-vivo therapeutic efficacy trial with artemisinin derivative, @entity53864 and imidocarb dipropionate against Babesia equi infection in XXXX .

answer: @entity15382 :: (9793,Species) :: ['donkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications during pregnancy with important effects on health of mother and fetus that causes maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to evaluate whether high levels of hemoglobin may increase the risk of @entity1468 . OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to predict @entity1468 by the hemoglobin profiles through longitudinal discriminant analysis and comparing the error rate of discrimination in longitudinal and cross sectional data. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study from October 2010 to July 2011, 650 pregnant @entity1 referred to the prenatal clinic of Milad Hospital in Tehran were evaluated in 3 stages. The hemoglobin level of each @entity1 was measured in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy by an expert technician. The subjects were followed up to delivery and @entity1468 was the main outcome under study. The covariance pattern and linear-mixed effects models are common methods that were applied for discriminant analysis of longitudinal data. Also Student t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics between two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS software version 9.1. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of @entity1468 was 7.2% (47 @entity1 ). The @entity1 with @entity1468 had a higher mean of hemoglobin values and the difference was 0.46 g/dL (P = 0.003). Also the mean of hemoglobin in the first trimester was higher than that of the second trimester, and was lower than that of the third trimester and the differences were significant (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). The sensitivity for longitudinal data and cross-sectional data in three trimesters was 90%, 67%, 72%, and 54% and the specificity was 88%, 55%, 63%, and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of hemoglobin can be used to predict @entity1468 and monitoring the pregnant @entity1 and its regular measure in 3 trimesters help us to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity1468 .

title: Longitudinal discriminant analysis of hemoglobin level for predicting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'women', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity4512 is a common problem in primary health care settings that is difficult to treat. Two common treatments are mental relaxation and massage. Scientific studies show contradictory results. Furthermore, many studies lack long-term follow-up even though it is a @entity102 . The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to assess possible effects of massage as compared to listening to relaxation tapes in conditions of 'diffuse' and long-term @entity4512 . METHODS: 129 @entity1 from primary health care suffering from long-term @entity4512 were randomized to either a massage or mental relaxation group, and assessed before, during and after treatment. RESULTS: During treatment there was a significant improvement in the three main outcome measures: self-rated health, mental energy, and @entity925 only in the massage group as compared to the relaxation group. However, at the 3-month post-treatment follow-up, there was a significant worsening in the outcome measures (time x group effect p < 0.05) back to initial rating levels in the massage group as compared to no changes in the relaxation group. CONCLUSION: Massage, but not mental relaxation, is beneficial in attenuating @entity85 . Beneficial effects were registered only during treatment. This lack of long-term benefits could be due to the short treatment period or treatments such as these do not address the underlying causes of @entity158 . Future studies of long-term @entity158 should include longer treatment periods and post-treatment follow-up. It might also be worthwhile assessing the long-term benefits from booster treatment after the initial intense treatment period.

title: A randomized clinical trial of the treatment effects of massage compared to relaxation tape recordings on diffuse long-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse musculoskeletal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the functional and oncological outcome of consecutive renal-transplant recipients (RTRs) with clinically localised @entity263 who underwent radical retropubic (RRP) or perineal (RPP) prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and July 2011 16 @entity1 underwent RRP (group 1) and seven RPP (group 2). In all, 200 consecutive non-RTRs served as the control group, of whom 100 each underwent RRP and RPP, respectively. The mean (range) interval between renal transplantation and @entity6391 was 95 (24-206) months, the PSA at the time of diagnosis was 4.5 (3.0-17.5) ng/mL, and the mean @entity1 age was 64 (59-67) years. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 39 (RRP) and 48  months (RPP). There was no deterioration in graft function. In group 1, 13 and three @entity1 had pT2a-cpN0 and pT3a-bpN0 @entity263 , respectively, with a Gleason score of 6, 7 and 8 in 11, three and one @entity1 , respectively. In group 2, three and four @entity1 had pT2a-c and pT3a-b disease, respectively, with a Gleason score of 6 and 7 in two and five, respectively. In both groups one @entity1 had a positive surgical margin and was followed expectantly, and all @entity1 have no evidence of disease. @entity2737 developed more often in the RPP group (29% vs. 7%), but there were no Clavien grade III-V complications. All @entity1 achieved good continence, and two need one pad/day. CONCLUSIONS: RRP and RPP are suitable surgical treatments for @entity263 in RTRs. RRP might be preferable, as it has the advantage of simultaneous pelvic lymphadenectomy and a lower risk of @entity166 .

title: Radical retropubic and perineal prostatectomy for clinically localised XXXX in renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pelvic fracture @entity130 (PFUI) is an uncommon but potentially devastating result of @entity174 . It ranges in severity based on the cause and the mechanism of injury. METHODS: We reviewed previous reports to identify the incidence, causes, mechanisms of injury and risk factors of PFUI. In addition, we reviewed the current classification systems and diagnostic methods that have been described to assess the severity of PFUI, to identify optimal management strategies and evaluate outcomes. RESULTS: PFUI occurs more commonly in @entity1 , but is more likely to be severe in @entity1 . The most common cause is motor vehicle collisions, and the mechanism is typically a @entity397 at the attachment to the urethra. There is no reliable classification system to differentiate partial and complete PFUI. Retrograde urethrography is the standard imaging method but it has its limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Despite many reports describing this injury, there is still a need to further clarify the incidence, aetiology and mechanism of injury to better determine optimal management strategies and evaluate outcomes. Consensus in the diagnosis of PFUI is lacking, and outcomes of primary realignment and the role of flexible cystoscopy as a diagnostic method are still to be determined.

title: The incidence, causes, mechanism, risk factors, classification, and diagnosis of XXXX @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ligament rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pelvic fracture @entity130 (PFUI) is an uncommon but potentially devastating result of @entity174 . It ranges in severity based on the cause and the mechanism of injury. METHODS: We reviewed previous reports to identify the incidence, causes, mechanisms of injury and risk factors of PFUI. In addition, we reviewed the current classification systems and diagnostic methods that have been described to assess the severity of PFUI, to identify optimal management strategies and evaluate outcomes. RESULTS: PFUI occurs more commonly in @entity1 , but is more likely to be severe in @entity1 . The most common cause is motor vehicle collisions, and the mechanism is typically a @entity397 at the attachment to the urethra. There is no reliable classification system to differentiate partial and complete PFUI. Retrograde urethrography is the standard imaging method but it has its limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Despite many reports describing this injury, there is still a need to further clarify the incidence, aetiology and mechanism of injury to better determine optimal management strategies and evaluate outcomes. Consensus in the diagnosis of PFUI is lacking, and outcomes of primary realignment and the role of flexible cystoscopy as a diagnostic method are still to be determined.

title: The incidence, causes, mechanism, risk factors, classification, and diagnosis of @entity174 XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['urethral injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fetal @entity1876 and consecutive @entity2906 result in a poor outcome. @entity177 and life threatening @entity358 have developed at term. We report a case of in utero fetal cystoscopy and successful placement of a transurethral vesico-amniotic Double-J (Medical Engineering Corp., New York, New York) stent. Indications, results and the potential benefits of different techniques are discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 36-year-old @entity1 (primipara) was evaluated at week 26 due to a male fetus with bilateral @entity3041 , massive distended bladder and an open posterior urethra. Using local anesthesia the fetal bladder was punctured, a 2.6 mm endoscope was inserted and a wire was advanced antegrade through the penis. A 2.8Fr Double-J stent was then placed between the bladder and @entity2907 . RESULTS: The bladder drained into the amnion, @entity3041 disappeared and the lung developed normally. At week 37 a healthy @entity1 was delivered who voided spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: After careful selection of candidates for fetal intervention in obstructive @entity3551 direct vision fetoscopy and transurethral stent placement can be performed in @entity1 with @entity2906 , favorable urinary electrolytes and normal appearing kidneys.

title: Fetoscopic placement of a transurethral stent for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic cavity']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Usually renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstructive uropathy']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['intrauterine obstructive uropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery bypass grafting carried out in @entity1 in @entity1455 or receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an infrequently performed procedure, disrupting the normal process with a dramatic early risk. These circumstances mandate an analysis of the benefit, including the early identification of the late survivors. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting while in @entity1455 (n = 167) or while receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 92) from August 1979 until August 2001 were studied by using time-related and multivariate methodologies and a common-closing-date follow-up methodology. The events leading to the preoperative condition were either a recent catheterization, recent coronary artery bypass grafting, recent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, an @entity1188 at home, an @entity1188 in the hospital, or an @entity1188 after a recent @entity1188 . RESULTS: The 1- and 10-year survival was 59% +/- 6% and 47% +/- 7%, respectively. A normal hazard of late death was observed beyond the protracted early hazard. Multivariate analysis of survival identified an increased risk in the presence of additional comorbidity, treated @entity6 , a lower pH at entry into the operating theater, and the presence of @entity66 . The discriminatory power for hospital mortality of the predictive variables was low (receiving operator characteristic range, 0.56-0.69). The 30-day freedom from hospital discharge alive was 33% +/- 7%. The 8-day freedom from @entity64 was 94% +/- 3%, and 8-day freedom from mechanical univentricular or biventricular support was 87% +/- 5%. The 10-year freedom from cardiosurgical reintervention was 90% +/- 6%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity1455 or during cardiopulmonary resuscitation has an extremely high and protracted periprocedural risk but is balanced by a satisfactory late survival. An early prediction of the hospital survivors is difficult.

title: Long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting in XXXX or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Management strategy for @entity1146 with @entity12043 is controversial. We treated @entity1 with this anomaly according to a management protocol based on our quantitative assessment of right ventricular morphology (index of right ventricular development and right ventricle-tricuspid valve index). In the present study, we reviewed a 20-year experience of the surgical treatment at our institution to define guidelines for selecting the appropriate type of surgical procedure. METHODS: Between April 1981 and June 2002, 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1146 with @entity12043 underwent surgical treatment. Open transpulmonary valvotomy was performed in 27 @entity1 and Blalock-Taussig shunt in 18 @entity1 as the initial palliative procedure. Three @entity1 who underwent a successful transpulmonary valvotomy alone in the neonatal period required no further operation. Definitive repair was performed in 32 @entity1 . Biventricular repair was performed on 19 @entity1 , one and a half ventricular repair in 3, and Fontan-type operation in 10. RESULTS: There were 1 early and 2 late deaths before the definitive operation in @entity1 who underwent transpulmonary valvotomy. Two @entity1 who had coronary artery interruption died 3 months and 13 years after the initial Blalock-Taussig shunt. There were 1 early and 2 late deaths after the definitive operation. Actuarial survival, including @entity204 , was 91.1% at 5 years after the initial procedure and 81.5% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: We treated @entity1 with @entity1146 with @entity12043 according to a management protocol based on our quantitative assessment of right ventricular morphology with good results.

title: @entity1146 with XXXX : strategy based on right ventricular morphology.

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity12043 :: ('MESH:C562832', 'Disease') :: ['intact ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac death']

answer: @entity12043 :: (MESH:C562832,Disease) :: ['intact ventricular septum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Management strategy for @entity1146 with @entity12043 is controversial. We treated @entity1 with this anomaly according to a management protocol based on our quantitative assessment of right ventricular morphology (index of right ventricular development and right ventricle-tricuspid valve index). In the present study, we reviewed a 20-year experience of the surgical treatment at our institution to define guidelines for selecting the appropriate type of surgical procedure. METHODS: Between April 1981 and June 2002, 45 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1146 with @entity12043 underwent surgical treatment. Open transpulmonary valvotomy was performed in 27 @entity1 and Blalock-Taussig shunt in 18 @entity1 as the initial palliative procedure. Three @entity1 who underwent a successful transpulmonary valvotomy alone in the neonatal period required no further operation. Definitive repair was performed in 32 @entity1 . Biventricular repair was performed on 19 @entity1 , one and a half ventricular repair in 3, and Fontan-type operation in 10. RESULTS: There were 1 early and 2 late deaths before the definitive operation in @entity1 who underwent transpulmonary valvotomy. Two @entity1 who had coronary artery interruption died 3 months and 13 years after the initial Blalock-Taussig shunt. There were 1 early and 2 late deaths after the definitive operation. Actuarial survival, including @entity204 , was 91.1% at 5 years after the initial procedure and 81.5% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: We treated @entity1 with @entity1146 with @entity12043 according to a management protocol based on our quantitative assessment of right ventricular morphology with good results.

title: XXXX with @entity12043 : strategy based on right ventricular morphology.

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hand-sewn @entity254 is the "gold standard" for performing coronary artery bypass grafts. However, performing a hand-sewn @entity254 is more demanding and time-consuming when used in less invasive approaches such as small access, totally endoscopic or beating heart surgery. In conjunction with attempts to reduce the surgical trauma of coronary artery bypass grafts by using these less invasive approaches, alternative methods for constructing distal anastomoses should be explored. These data report on predischarge angiographic findings and 30-day clinical follow up of @entity1 who have received a new distal anastomotic device. METHODS: In a multicenter trial, 32 @entity1 (mean age: 65 +/- 9 years; 85% @entity1 ) requiring multivessel coronary artery bypass surgery had 1 of the anastomoses performed using a novel anastomotic technology. The Magnetic Vascular Positioner System was used in 1 of the bypass grafts and the other bypasses were completed by conventional hand-sewn technique. The Magnetic Vascular Positioner System consists of 4 magnetic, gold-plated implants and 2 delivery devices that facilitate the creation of a functional end-to-side @entity254 . A predischarge angiogram was performed to evaluate graft patency. RESULTS: There were no device-related major adverse events. The application of the Magnetic Vascular Positioner device was successful in 32 of 41 cases (78%). Nine @entity1 were intended for treatment but did not receive the Magnetic Vascular Positioner System. In 5 of the cases the coronary artery was too small; 1 case had a posterior wall plaque in the target artery; and 3 @entity1 had a nonhemostatic @entity254 after coupling of the port and were subsequently converted to hand-sewn anastomoses. The median total Magnetic Vascular Positioner anastomotic time was 137 seconds with a range from 65 to 370 seconds. Overall patency rate of the Magnetic Vascular Positioner @entity254 was 93.5% versus 91.7% (P = not significant) in hand-sewn grafts. One @entity1 (3.1%) died due to low cardiac output but had patent grafts at autopsy. One @entity583 (3.1%) occurred the day after a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a hand-sewn graft. One prolonged mechanical ventilation (3.1%) was required because of @entity55 and adult @entity649 . CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic vascular coupling in coronary surgery is safe and effective and has acceptable early patency rates. This new technique may facilitate beating heart and minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafts.

title: Magnetic vascular coupling for distal XXXX in coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies in @entity1 that have evaluated the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and @entity731 have yielded mixed results. DESIGN: In order to further investigate this relationship, we conducted a comprehensive search for studies published through May 2014 and performed a meta-analysis of all available observational studies that investigated the association between PM2.5 and three noninvasive measures of clinical and subclinical @entity731 : carotid intima media thickness, @entity729 , and ankle-brachial index. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five reviewers selected studies based on predefined inclusion criteria. Pooled mean change estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models. Assessment of between-study heterogeneity was performed where the number of studies was adequate. Our pooled sample included 11,947 subjects for carotid intima media thickness estimates, 10,750 for @entity729 estimates, and 6497 for ankle-brachial index estimates. Per 10     g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 exposure, carotid intima media thickness increased by 22.52     m but this did not reach statistical significance (p   =   0.06). We did not find similar associations for @entity729 (p   =   0.44) or ankle-brachial index (p   =   0.85). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis supports a relationship between PM2.5 and subclinical @entity731 measured by carotid intima media thickness. We did not find a similar relationship between PM2.5 and @entity729 or ankle-brachial index, although the number of studies was small.

title: Association between fine particulate matter exposure and subclinical XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1082 ) @entity1613 and results in @entity3 . @entity1 telomerase as well as inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) could play a role in regulating HPV-induced @entity5 . This study investigated underlying molecular events in HPV-induced @entity5 through @entity2215 and @entity7 in vitro. Expressions of @entity2215 , and @entity7 mRNA and proteins were, respectively, assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and TRAP-ELISA in @entity5 cell lines. To assess @entity2215 and @entity7 secretion, @entity2215 overexpression and knockdown were conducted in HPV-18-positive Hela cells by @entity2215 cDNA and shRNA transfection, respectively. Then, the effect of HPV E6 and E7 on @entity7 expressions was assessed in @entity5 cells. Data have shown that @entity7 expression levels are associated with @entity2215 expressions and telomerase activity in @entity5 tissues and cells. Knockdown of @entity2215 expression down-regulated @entity7 expressions, whereas overexpression of @entity2215 up-regulated @entity7 expressions in HPV-18-positive Hela cells. Furthermore, HPV E7 oncoprotein was necessary for @entity2215 to up-regulate @entity7 expressions in @entity5 cells. Data from this current study indicate that HPV oncoproteins up-regulated @entity2215 and telomerase activity and in turn promoted @entity7 expressions, which could be a key mechanism for HPV-induced @entity5 development and progression.

title: @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates XXXX expression via @entity1082 oncogene E7 in @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-negative cervical cancer', 'HPV-positive cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'HPV-positive tissue samples and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['infection induces chronic and precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'hTERT, a rate-limiting subunit of telomerase']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: @entity1082 ) @entity1613 and results in @entity3 . @entity1 telomerase as well as inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) could play a role in regulating HPV-induced @entity5 . This study investigated underlying molecular events in HPV-induced @entity5 through @entity2215 and @entity7 in vitro. Expressions of @entity2215 , and @entity7 mRNA and proteins were, respectively, assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and TRAP-ELISA in @entity5 cell lines. To assess @entity2215 and @entity7 secretion, @entity2215 overexpression and knockdown were conducted in HPV-18-positive Hela cells by @entity2215 cDNA and shRNA transfection, respectively. Then, the effect of HPV E6 and E7 on @entity7 expressions was assessed in @entity5 cells. Data have shown that @entity7 expression levels are associated with @entity2215 expressions and telomerase activity in @entity5 tissues and cells. Knockdown of @entity2215 expression down-regulated @entity7 expressions, whereas overexpression of @entity2215 up-regulated @entity7 expressions in HPV-18-positive Hela cells. Furthermore, HPV E7 oncoprotein was necessary for @entity2215 to up-regulate @entity7 expressions in @entity5 cells. Data from this current study indicate that HPV oncoproteins up-regulated @entity2215 and telomerase activity and in turn promoted @entity7 expressions, which could be a key mechanism for HPV-induced @entity5 development and progression.

title: @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates @entity7 expression via XXXX oncogene E7 in @entity5 cells.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity1082 ) @entity1613 and results in @entity3 . @entity1 telomerase as well as inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) could play a role in regulating HPV-induced @entity5 . This study investigated underlying molecular events in HPV-induced @entity5 through @entity2215 and @entity7 in vitro. Expressions of @entity2215 , and @entity7 mRNA and proteins were, respectively, assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and TRAP-ELISA in @entity5 cell lines. To assess @entity2215 and @entity7 secretion, @entity2215 overexpression and knockdown were conducted in HPV-18-positive Hela cells by @entity2215 cDNA and shRNA transfection, respectively. Then, the effect of HPV E6 and E7 on @entity7 expressions was assessed in @entity5 cells. Data have shown that @entity7 expression levels are associated with @entity2215 expressions and telomerase activity in @entity5 tissues and cells. Knockdown of @entity2215 expression down-regulated @entity7 expressions, whereas overexpression of @entity2215 up-regulated @entity7 expressions in HPV-18-positive Hela cells. Furthermore, HPV E7 oncoprotein was necessary for @entity2215 to up-regulate @entity7 expressions in @entity5 cells. Data from this current study indicate that HPV oncoproteins up-regulated @entity2215 and telomerase activity and in turn promoted @entity7 expressions, which could be a key mechanism for HPV-induced @entity5 development and progression.

title: @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates @entity7 expression via @entity1082 oncogene E7 in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['HPV-18-positive cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity1082 ) @entity1613 and results in @entity3 . @entity1 telomerase as well as inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) could play a role in regulating HPV-induced @entity5 . This study investigated underlying molecular events in HPV-induced @entity5 through @entity2215 and @entity7 in vitro. Expressions of @entity2215 , and @entity7 mRNA and proteins were, respectively, assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and TRAP-ELISA in @entity5 cell lines. To assess @entity2215 and @entity7 secretion, @entity2215 overexpression and knockdown were conducted in HPV-18-positive Hela cells by @entity2215 cDNA and shRNA transfection, respectively. Then, the effect of HPV E6 and E7 on @entity7 expressions was assessed in @entity5 cells. Data have shown that @entity7 expression levels are associated with @entity2215 expressions and telomerase activity in @entity5 tissues and cells. Knockdown of @entity2215 expression down-regulated @entity7 expressions, whereas overexpression of @entity2215 up-regulated @entity7 expressions in HPV-18-positive Hela cells. Furthermore, HPV E7 oncoprotein was necessary for @entity2215 to up-regulate @entity7 expressions in @entity5 cells. Data from this current study indicate that HPV oncoproteins up-regulated @entity2215 and telomerase activity and in turn promoted @entity7 expressions, which could be a key mechanism for HPV-induced @entity5 development and progression.

title: XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates @entity7 expression via @entity1082 oncogene E7 in @entity5 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The effects of pretreatment with insulin on the antinociception induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [ @entity27241 , NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin ( @entity7862 ) were studied in @entity19 . Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with insulin (1 and 3 mU) for 60 min dose dependently attenuated the antinociception induced by i.c.v. @entity7862 (5.6 ng) in @entity19 . Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with a highly selective @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity10755 , at doses of 100 and 300 ng for 10 min, dose dependently reversed the antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 (5.6 ng) in insulin-treated mice. The antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 (5.6 ng, i.c.v.) was significantly reduced in C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 compared with that in age-matched control (C57BL/KsJ-db/ + + ) @entity19 . When C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 were pretreated with @entity10755 (300 ng), the antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 was significantly increased. These results indicate that @entity669 kinase may be involved in the reduction of @entity7862 -induced antinociception by insulin in @entity19 . Furthermore, the attenuation of @entity7862 -induced antinociception in C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 may be due in part to increased @entity669 kinase activity as a result of @entity3190 .

title: Intraventricular insulin reduces the antinociceptive effect of [ XXXX , NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity10755 :: ('MESH:C062898', 'Chemical') :: ['lavendustin A']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity27241 :: (MESH:C053673,Chemical) :: ['D-Ala2']


abstract: The effects of pretreatment with insulin on the antinociception induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [ @entity27241 , NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin ( @entity7862 ) were studied in @entity19 . Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with insulin (1 and 3 mU) for 60 min dose dependently attenuated the antinociception induced by i.c.v. @entity7862 (5.6 ng) in @entity19 . Intracerebroventricular pretreatment with a highly selective @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity10755 , at doses of 100 and 300 ng for 10 min, dose dependently reversed the antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 (5.6 ng) in insulin-treated mice. The antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 (5.6 ng, i.c.v.) was significantly reduced in C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 compared with that in age-matched control (C57BL/KsJ-db/ + + ) @entity19 . When C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 were pretreated with @entity10755 (300 ng), the antinociceptive effect of @entity7862 was significantly increased. These results indicate that @entity669 kinase may be involved in the reduction of @entity7862 -induced antinociception by insulin in @entity19 . Furthermore, the attenuation of @entity7862 -induced antinociception in C57BL/KsJ-db/db @entity6 @entity19 may be due in part to increased @entity669 kinase activity as a result of @entity3190 .

title: Intraventricular insulin reduces the antinociceptive effect of [ @entity27241 , NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: An attempt to assess the Indian Population Project which was launched in Uttar Pradesh in 1973 to provide maternal and @entity1 health services to Project districts. The trend in performance of @entity27127 services since the beginning of the project is assessed, and @entity27127 performance of project districts with matching nonprojects districts is compared. Taking 1 project district and various neighboring nonproject districts, the absolute deviation between them on each of several variables was computed. Under the @entity27127 program, 4 types of services are available. Under antenatal services, @entity1 are provided @entity116 toxoide immunizations and periodic health checkups. Under ante- and postnatal services @entity68 and @entity1501 tablets are distributed and the delivery is attended by trained personnel. For @entity1 care, DPT and DT immunizations are provided and @entity68 and @entity1501 tablets and @entity904 solution are provided. Indices to assess program services were computed for 1974-75 to 1978-79. Results indicate that the project districts had improved their work of antenatal registrations by almost 3 times more in relation to nonproject districts. About 21% of deliveries in the project districts were conducted by project staff in 1977-78 compared to only 3% in 1974-75, an increase of 7 times, while in matching nonproject districts the increase was from 3.7% to about 10% over the same period. The percentage of @entity1 receiving immunization was higher in the project districts. Overall maternal beneficiaries in project districts were 20-60% higher, and @entity1 beneficiaries 10-40% higher.

title: An assessment of the impact of India Population Project, Uttar Pradesh on XXXX services.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

answer: @entity27127 :: (5367,Gene) :: ['MCH']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The mucosa of @entity1 detrusor strips impairs @entity5733 -induced relaxation. In order to elucidate which signal transduction pathways are involved in this cross talk between the mucosa and detrusor, we have studied the effects of several pharmacological agonists and antagonists on @entity1063 -mediated relaxation in intact and mucosa-denuded detrusor strips. @entity1 AND METHODS: Strips of detrusor tissue were obtained from @entity1 who had undergone cystectomy for @entity150 and were set up for force measurement. @entity10406 - or @entity5402 -precontracted strips were relaxed with increasing concentrations of @entity1063 in the absence and in the presence of @entity842 synthase inhibitor, @entity6462 ; P2X-receptor antagonist, PPADS; ETA-receptor antagonist, @entity11344 ; ETB-receptor antagonist, @entity11345 ; cyclooxygenase inhibitor, @entity3522 ; AT1-receptor antagonist, @entity1564 ; and @entity9766 antagonist, L-703,606. RESULTS: In intact strips, @entity10406 -stimulated force was enhanced by all blockers; @entity5402 -stimulated force increased with L-703,606. In denuded strips, only @entity6462 augmented the @entity10406 -stimulated contraction. @entity1063 relaxed the precontracted detrusor strips to a significantly larger extent and at lower concentrations in denuded than in intact strips. @entity6462 , PPADS and @entity11344 / @entity11345 had little effect on @entity1063 -induced relaxation, whereas @entity3522 , @entity1564 and L-703,606 sensitized intact @entity5402 -stimulated detrusor strips to @entity1063 -induced relaxation. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the @entity1063 -induced relaxation of precontracted @entity1 detrusor strips by the mucosa is attenuated by @entity3522 , @entity1564 and L-703,606 suggesting the involvement of prostanoids, @entity7774 and neurokinin pathways. Further experiments are required to unravel the exact mechanisms.

title: Pharmacological Modulation of Mucosa-Related Impairment of b-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Relaxation in XXXX Detrusor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The optimal management of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) @entity1 with @entity24887 remains unclear. The authors evaluated ELBW neonates with @entity24887 in whom @entity298 ( @entity298 ) was intended as definitive therapy. METHODS: The records of 29 consecutive ELBW @entity1 with @entity24887 were reviewed. All underwent @entity298 . Survival, the need for other abdominal procedures, the transition to enteral feeding, and the incidence of @entity1448 and infectious complications were noted. Variables associated with nonsurvival were assessed. RESULTS: Overall survival rate was 66%. In 24% of cases, a second abdominal procedure was required. Full feedings were achieved at a mean of 69 days. Extraabdominal infectious complications occurred in 63% of survivors, and direct @entity648 was greater than 2.0 mg/dL in 57% at 2 months. @entity882 and vasopressor requirements at the time of perforation were associated with nonsurvival. CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive series of ELBW @entity1 in whom @entity298 was intended as definitive treatment for @entity24887 survival was comparable with that found in series in which immediate laparotomy and resection were used. Few secondary abdominal procedures were required. The interval between @entity298 and full enteral nutrition, however, was long, and the incidence of nonabdominal infectious complications and @entity1448 was substantial.

title: Peritoneal drainage as definitive management of XXXX in extremely low-birth-weight @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity24887 :: ('MESH:D007416', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal drainage', 'PD']

answer: @entity24887 :: (MESH:D007416,Disease) :: ['intestinal perforation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The optimal management of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) @entity1 with @entity24887 remains unclear. The authors evaluated ELBW neonates with @entity24887 in whom @entity298 ( @entity298 ) was intended as definitive therapy. METHODS: The records of 29 consecutive ELBW @entity1 with @entity24887 were reviewed. All underwent @entity298 . Survival, the need for other abdominal procedures, the transition to enteral feeding, and the incidence of @entity1448 and infectious complications were noted. Variables associated with nonsurvival were assessed. RESULTS: Overall survival rate was 66%. In 24% of cases, a second abdominal procedure was required. Full feedings were achieved at a mean of 69 days. Extraabdominal infectious complications occurred in 63% of survivors, and direct @entity648 was greater than 2.0 mg/dL in 57% at 2 months. @entity882 and vasopressor requirements at the time of perforation were associated with nonsurvival. CONCLUSIONS: In this consecutive series of ELBW @entity1 in whom @entity298 was intended as definitive treatment for @entity24887 survival was comparable with that found in series in which immediate laparotomy and resection were used. Few secondary abdominal procedures were required. The interval between @entity298 and full enteral nutrition, however, was long, and the incidence of nonabdominal infectious complications and @entity1448 was substantial.

title: Peritoneal drainage as definitive management of @entity24887 in extremely low-birth-weight XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The peptide @entity1943 (SS) is widely distributed in the @entity1 brain where it modulates neuronal activity through interactions with specific membrane-bound receptor subtypes (ssts). Five different ssts were characterized so far (sst1-5) and their selective agonists were developed on the basis of their binding specificity. SS and ssts are transiently expressed in the developing brain, suggesting a functional role of somatostatinergic systems in neuronal maturation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to either the SS synthetic analogue, @entity20549 or @entity2390 (a long-acting sst2-preferring analogue) on the maturation of SS-immunoreactivity (-ir) in the primary visual cortex of the @entity35 . SS-ir maturation was investigated both by an evaluation of the number of SS-immunoreactive cells and by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the levels of SS in the postnatal visual cortex. In the visual cortex of normal @entity35 , the number of SS-positive cells markedly increased during the second postnatal week and then significantly decreased until the adult value was reached at the third week. Early and repeated intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 prevented the increase in the number of SS-positive cells, with adult values reached at the end of the first postnatal week. Similarly, administration of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 significantly decreased the SS content of the visual cortex, measured at the end of the second postnatal week. These results show that high local concentrations of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 interfere with SS expression in developing cortical neurons in a restricted postnatal period.

title: Chronic exposure to either XXXX (SS) or @entity2390 , a long-lasting SS analogue, affects SS expression in the postnatal visual cortex of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: The peptide @entity1943 (SS) is widely distributed in the @entity1 brain where it modulates neuronal activity through interactions with specific membrane-bound receptor subtypes (ssts). Five different ssts were characterized so far (sst1-5) and their selective agonists were developed on the basis of their binding specificity. SS and ssts are transiently expressed in the developing brain, suggesting a functional role of somatostatinergic systems in neuronal maturation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to either the SS synthetic analogue, @entity20549 or @entity2390 (a long-acting sst2-preferring analogue) on the maturation of SS-immunoreactivity (-ir) in the primary visual cortex of the @entity35 . SS-ir maturation was investigated both by an evaluation of the number of SS-immunoreactive cells and by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the levels of SS in the postnatal visual cortex. In the visual cortex of normal @entity35 , the number of SS-positive cells markedly increased during the second postnatal week and then significantly decreased until the adult value was reached at the third week. Early and repeated intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 prevented the increase in the number of SS-positive cells, with adult values reached at the end of the first postnatal week. Similarly, administration of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 significantly decreased the SS content of the visual cortex, measured at the end of the second postnatal week. These results show that high local concentrations of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 interfere with SS expression in developing cortical neurons in a restricted postnatal period.

title: Chronic exposure to either @entity1943 (SS) or XXXX , a long-lasting SS analogue, affects SS expression in the postnatal visual cortex of the @entity35 .

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: The peptide @entity1943 (SS) is widely distributed in the @entity1 brain where it modulates neuronal activity through interactions with specific membrane-bound receptor subtypes (ssts). Five different ssts were characterized so far (sst1-5) and their selective agonists were developed on the basis of their binding specificity. SS and ssts are transiently expressed in the developing brain, suggesting a functional role of somatostatinergic systems in neuronal maturation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic exposure to either the SS synthetic analogue, @entity20549 or @entity2390 (a long-acting sst2-preferring analogue) on the maturation of SS-immunoreactivity (-ir) in the primary visual cortex of the @entity35 . SS-ir maturation was investigated both by an evaluation of the number of SS-immunoreactive cells and by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure the levels of SS in the postnatal visual cortex. In the visual cortex of normal @entity35 , the number of SS-positive cells markedly increased during the second postnatal week and then significantly decreased until the adult value was reached at the third week. Early and repeated intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 prevented the increase in the number of SS-positive cells, with adult values reached at the end of the first postnatal week. Similarly, administration of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 significantly decreased the SS content of the visual cortex, measured at the end of the second postnatal week. These results show that high local concentrations of either @entity20549 or @entity2390 interfere with SS expression in developing cortical neurons in a restricted postnatal period.

title: Chronic exposure to either @entity1943 (SS) or @entity2390 , a long-lasting SS analogue, affects SS expression in the postnatal visual cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) is the most common @entity627 in childhood. Without an effective therapy, @entity1 may progress quickly to functional disability. Recently, depletion of B cells emerged as a new approach for the treatment of @entity792 , including @entity4932 . We describe six cases of @entity4932 @entity1 followed at a referral center for Rheumatology and Pediatric Rheumatology, submitted to treatment with rituximab (RTX) after refractoriness to three anti-TNF agents. @entity1 received RTX cycles with two infusions every six months. Response to treatment was assessed by DAS28, HAQ/CHAQ, and an overall assessment by the doctor and the @entity1 . Of our six @entity1 , four were @entity1 (mean age at onset of disease: 6.1 years; mean disease evolution time: 15.1 years; mean age upon receiving RTX: 21.6 years). Four @entity1 belonged to polyarticular subtype (1 rheumatoid factor [RF]-negative, 3 FR-positive), a @entity1 with systemic @entity4932 subtype with a polyarticular course and @entity625 related to @entity4932 . Of our six @entity1 , five responded to treatment; and during the course of 12 months, the clinical response was maintained, although not sustained. However, discontinuation by infusion reactions caused the withdrawal of RTX in two @entity1 . The use of RTX in @entity4932 is restricted to cases refractory to other biological agents and, even considering that this study was held in a small number of advanced @entity1 , RTX proved to be an effective therapeutic option.

title: [Rituximab use in young adults diagnosed with XXXX unresponsive to conventional treatment: report of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'Juvenile idiopathic arthritis', 'enthesitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Excitotoxicity has been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity2194 and @entity130 and may involve @entity528 of both anterior and posterior visual pathways. However, their spatiotemporal relationships remain unclear. We hypothesized that the effects of excitotoxic @entity989 (ERI) on the visual system can be revealed in vivo by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imagining (DTI), @entity921 -enhanced magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Diffusion tensor MRI was performed at 9.4 Tesla to monitor white matter integrity changes after unilateral @entity3391 ( @entity3391 )-induced ERI in six @entity35 and six C57BL/6J @entity19 . Additionally, four @entity35 and four @entity19 were intravitreally injected with saline to compare with @entity3391 -injected animals. Optical coherence tomography of the retina and @entity921 -enhanced MRI of anterograde transport were evaluated and correlated with DTI parameters. RESULTS: In the @entity35 optic nerve, the largest axial diffusivity decrease and radial diffusivity increase occurred within the first 3 and 7 days post ERI, respectively, suggestive of early @entity528 and delayed @entity17 . The optic tract showed smaller directional diffusivity changes and weaker DTI correlations with retinal thickness compared with optic nerve, indicative of anterograde degeneration. The splenium of corpus callosum was also reorganized at 4 weeks post ERI. The DTI profiles appeared comparable between @entity35 and @entity19 models. Furthermore, the @entity3391 -injured visual pathway showed reduced anterograde @entity921 transport, which correlated with diffusivity changes along but not perpendicular to optic nerve. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion tensor MRI, @entity921 -enhanced MRI, and OCT provided an in vivo model system for characterizing the spatiotemporal changes in white matter integrity, the eye-brain relationships and structural-physiological relationships in the visual system after ERI.

title: In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde Transport in Visual System After XXXX With Multimodal MRI and OCT.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['early degeneration', 'axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Excitotoxic Retinal Injury']


abstract: AIMS: Evaluation of the morphological damage to the ocular surface of @entity1 operated for biliopancreatic diversion for pathological @entity28 and the correlation of impression cytology with @entity904 plasma levels, adaptometry, and other general variables. METHODS: 48 @entity1 (15 males, 33 females, age range 21-73) and 34 normal subjects were examined with @entity941 and rose bengal, a plasma dose of @entity904 , and adaptometry. The results of the various tests were subdivided into three levels (0 = normal, 1 = moderately altered, 2 = seriously altered). The impression cytology and adaptometry results were correlated with @entity904 levels and other @entity1 data (age, nutritional condition, time since operation, percentage @entity353 ). All the examinations were repeated after intramuscular therapy with @entity904 . RESULTS: Corneoconjunctival alterations visible with @entity941 and rose bengal staining were present in 67.7% of cases, impression cytology alterations in 93.7%, adaptometric alterations in 82.2%; @entity904 plasma levels were below normal in 95.8% of cases. After the therapy with @entity904 a significant reduction was found for every examination. The correlation between impression cytology and adaptometry and @entity904 plasma levels and between corneoconjunctival alterations and @entity904 plasma levels was significant. There was no significant correlation between impression cytology and nutritional condition, age time since operation, and percentage @entity353 . CONCLUSION: These results show impression cytology is a specific indicator for @entity1129 because it is not influenced by other factors related to the general condition of the @entity1 . Many @entity1 with @entity1129 not demonstrating ocular symptoms of changes visible with @entity941 and rose bengal showed alterations with impression cytology.

title: Role of impression cytology during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['hypovitaminosis A']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['hypovitaminosis A']


abstract: The primary goal of this retrospective study was to determine the most effective treatment protocol to @entity1538 @entity1 with @entity923 ( @entity923 ) to their original jobs. By examining a homogeneous subject pool and using specific, functional outcome measures determined by what is needed to reduce @entity1538 costs, a treatment protocol could be developed benefiting both the employer and employee. A total of 121 charts of @entity1538 @entity1 with diagnoses of work-related @entity923 were reviewed. For inclusion in the study, @entity1 could have no other @entity851 , they must have completed treatment for the @entity923 , and the etiology of their @entity923 could not be traumatic. A total of 58 @entity1 were included. Those who received conservative treatment followed by surgery (n = 27) were compared with those who were treated with surgery only (n = 31). A chi-square test showed a significant relationship between type of treatment and return to work (chi2(1)=4.065; p=0.044). Of the 31 @entity1 who received only surgical treatment, 83.9% returned to original employment. Of the 27 @entity1 who received both conservative and surgical treatment, 59.1% returned to their original employment. While this is a small sample size, the findings suggest that conservative treatment alone is not effective in @entity1538 @entity1 with @entity923 to work.

title: XXXX cases of @entity923 : an outcome study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["worker's compensation", "returning worker's compensation", "return worker's compensation"]

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['Treatment of worker's compensation']


abstract: The primary goal of this retrospective study was to determine the most effective treatment protocol to @entity1538 @entity1 with @entity923 ( @entity923 ) to their original jobs. By examining a homogeneous subject pool and using specific, functional outcome measures determined by what is needed to reduce @entity1538 costs, a treatment protocol could be developed benefiting both the employer and employee. A total of 121 charts of @entity1538 @entity1 with diagnoses of work-related @entity923 were reviewed. For inclusion in the study, @entity1 could have no other @entity851 , they must have completed treatment for the @entity923 , and the etiology of their @entity923 could not be traumatic. A total of 58 @entity1 were included. Those who received conservative treatment followed by surgery (n = 27) were compared with those who were treated with surgery only (n = 31). A chi-square test showed a significant relationship between type of treatment and return to work (chi2(1)=4.065; p=0.044). Of the 31 @entity1 who received only surgical treatment, 83.9% returned to original employment. Of the 27 @entity1 who received both conservative and surgical treatment, 59.1% returned to their original employment. While this is a small sample size, the findings suggest that conservative treatment alone is not effective in @entity1538 @entity1 with @entity923 to work.

title: @entity1538 cases of XXXX : an outcome study.

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']