abstract: The low-frequency (<1000 cm-1) region of the IR spectrum has the potential to provide detailed structural and mechanistic insight into the photosystem II/ @entity26 evolving complex (PSII/OEC). A cluster of four @entity921 ions forms the core of the OEC and diagnostic @entity921 -ligand and @entity921 -substrate modes are expected to occur in the 200-900 cm-1 range. However, water also absorbs IR strongly in this region, which has limited previous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies of the OEC to higher frequencies (>1000 cm-1). We have overcome the technical obstacles that have blocked FTIR access to low-frequency substrate, cofactor, and protein vibrational modes by using partially dehydrated samples, appropriate window materials, a wide-range MCT detector, a novel band-pass filter, and a closely regulated temperature control system. With this design, we studied PSII/OEC samples that were prepared by brief illumination of O2 evolving and Tris-washed preparations at 200 K or by a single saturating laser flash applied to O2 evolving and inhibited samples at 250 K. These protocols allowed us to isolate low-frequency modes that are specific to the QA-/QA and S2/S1 states. The high-frequency FTIR spectra recorded for these samples and parallel EPR experiments confirmed the states accessed by the trapping procedures we used. In the S2/S1 spectrum, we detect positive bands at 631 and 602 cm-1 and negative bands at 850, 679, 664, and 650 cm-1 that are specifically associated with these two S states. The possible origins of these IR bands are discussed. For the low-frequency QA-/QA difference spectrum, several modes can be assigned to ring stretching and bending modes from the neutral and anion radical states of the @entity3276 acceptor. These results provide insight into the PSII/OEC and demonstrate the utility of FTIR techniques in accessing low-frequency modes in proteins.

title: Low-frequency fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the XXXX -evolving and @entity3276 acceptor complexes in photosystem II.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The low-frequency (<1000 cm-1) region of the IR spectrum has the potential to provide detailed structural and mechanistic insight into the photosystem II/ @entity26 evolving complex (PSII/OEC). A cluster of four @entity921 ions forms the core of the OEC and diagnostic @entity921 -ligand and @entity921 -substrate modes are expected to occur in the 200-900 cm-1 range. However, water also absorbs IR strongly in this region, which has limited previous Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies of the OEC to higher frequencies (>1000 cm-1). We have overcome the technical obstacles that have blocked FTIR access to low-frequency substrate, cofactor, and protein vibrational modes by using partially dehydrated samples, appropriate window materials, a wide-range MCT detector, a novel band-pass filter, and a closely regulated temperature control system. With this design, we studied PSII/OEC samples that were prepared by brief illumination of O2 evolving and Tris-washed preparations at 200 K or by a single saturating laser flash applied to O2 evolving and inhibited samples at 250 K. These protocols allowed us to isolate low-frequency modes that are specific to the QA-/QA and S2/S1 states. The high-frequency FTIR spectra recorded for these samples and parallel EPR experiments confirmed the states accessed by the trapping procedures we used. In the S2/S1 spectrum, we detect positive bands at 631 and 602 cm-1 and negative bands at 850, 679, 664, and 650 cm-1 that are specifically associated with these two S states. The possible origins of these IR bands are discussed. For the low-frequency QA-/QA difference spectrum, several modes can be assigned to ring stretching and bending modes from the neutral and anion radical states of the @entity3276 acceptor. These results provide insight into the PSII/OEC and demonstrate the utility of FTIR techniques in accessing low-frequency modes in proteins.

title: Low-frequency fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the @entity26 -evolving and XXXX acceptor complexes in photosystem II.

answer: @entity3276 :: (MESH:C004532,Chemical) :: ['quinone']


abstract: @entity19967 is an ovarian mature teratoma composed exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue. @entity19967 is rare and poorly understood, although this process is thought to be similar to carcinogenesis in @entity5 of differentiated thyroid tissue originating in the thyroid gland. Genetic alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including mutations of @entity817 , RAS, and @entity8958 genes, have been implicated in the development of @entity259 arising in the thyroid gland. We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a @entity19967 . The @entity1 is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a @entity3557 , follicular variant, arising in a @entity44 . The @entity5 was tested for @entity817 , RAS, and @entity8958 /PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of @entity1377 arising in a @entity19967 . It provides evidence that @entity5 developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in @entity5 developing in the thyroid gland.

title: RAS mutation-positive follicular variant of XXXX arising in a @entity19967 .

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['malignant struma ovarii', 'Struma ovarii', 'Malignant transformation of struma ovarii', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['cystic teratoma']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity19967 is an ovarian mature teratoma composed exclusively or predominantly of thyroid tissue. @entity19967 is rare and poorly understood, although this process is thought to be similar to carcinogenesis in @entity5 of differentiated thyroid tissue originating in the thyroid gland. Genetic alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, including mutations of @entity817 , RAS, and @entity8958 genes, have been implicated in the development of @entity259 arising in the thyroid gland. We report here a case with RAS mutation detected in a @entity19967 . The @entity1 is a 38-year-old female who had a 2.4 cm ovarian cyst noted incidentally on a first trimester ultrasound. She proceeded to ovarian cystectomy post-delivery, with pathologic examination detecting a @entity3557 , follicular variant, arising in a @entity44 . The @entity5 was tested for @entity817 , RAS, and @entity8958 /PTC mutations. HRAS codon 61 mutation was identified. This is the first report of RAS mutation detected in the follicular variant of @entity1377 arising in a @entity19967 . It provides evidence that @entity5 developing in this setting involve molecular mechanisms similar to those implicated in @entity5 developing in the thyroid gland.

title: RAS mutation-positive follicular variant of @entity3557 arising in a XXXX .

answer: @entity19967 :: (MESH:D013330,Disease) :: ['struma ovarii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether a commercially available time-efficient T2 mapping sequence will demonstrate findings of articular cartilage degeneration based on T2 relaxation values (RV) and color maps, using subchondral @entity236 ( @entity236 ) as a marker for @entity16 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 group consisted of 88 subjects who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T who had subchondral @entity236 evident on fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences. The control group was comprised of 60 subjects with no evidence of subchondral @entity236 . A commercially available eight echo T2 relaxation sequence (acquisition time 8:36 min) was used to construct a T2 color map and to determine T2 RVs. T2 RVs were determined on cartilage overlying subchondral @entity236 in @entity1 and in eight pre-determined anatomical regions in controls. T2 color maps in the @entity1 and control groups were analyzed for degree of color stratification (presence = two or more colors) at the same anatomic site as that used for T2 RV determination. RESULTS: T2 RVs were significantly increased in @entity1 compared to controls for the medial femoral condyle (MF; p < 0.01), medial patellar facet (MP; p < 0.01), lateral patellar facet (LP; p < 0.01), lateral femoral condyle (LF; p < 0.01) and lateral tibial plateau (LT; p < 0.01). Loss of color stratification was noted in @entity1 compared to controls in the medial tibial plateau (MT; p = 0.01), LF (p < 0.01), and LT (p < 0.01). In the @entity1 group, increase in T2 RVs was associated with corresponding decrease in color stratification in MF (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.01), MP (p < 0.01), medial femoral trochlear groove (p = 0.02), and lateral femoral trochlear groove (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Subchondral @entity236 was associated with an increase in adjacent articular cartilage T2 RVs at some sites. Also, elevated T2 RVs were associated with loss of color stratification.

title: Can T2 relaxation values and color maps be used to detect XXXX utilizing subchondral @entity236 as a marker?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema', 'BME']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['chondral damage']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['chondral damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether a commercially available time-efficient T2 mapping sequence will demonstrate findings of articular cartilage degeneration based on T2 relaxation values (RV) and color maps, using subchondral @entity236 ( @entity236 ) as a marker for @entity16 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 group consisted of 88 subjects who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T who had subchondral @entity236 evident on fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences. The control group was comprised of 60 subjects with no evidence of subchondral @entity236 . A commercially available eight echo T2 relaxation sequence (acquisition time 8:36 min) was used to construct a T2 color map and to determine T2 RVs. T2 RVs were determined on cartilage overlying subchondral @entity236 in @entity1 and in eight pre-determined anatomical regions in controls. T2 color maps in the @entity1 and control groups were analyzed for degree of color stratification (presence = two or more colors) at the same anatomic site as that used for T2 RV determination. RESULTS: T2 RVs were significantly increased in @entity1 compared to controls for the medial femoral condyle (MF; p < 0.01), medial patellar facet (MP; p < 0.01), lateral patellar facet (LP; p < 0.01), lateral femoral condyle (LF; p < 0.01) and lateral tibial plateau (LT; p < 0.01). Loss of color stratification was noted in @entity1 compared to controls in the medial tibial plateau (MT; p = 0.01), LF (p < 0.01), and LT (p < 0.01). In the @entity1 group, increase in T2 RVs was associated with corresponding decrease in color stratification in MF (p < 0.01), MT (p < 0.01), MP (p < 0.01), medial femoral trochlear groove (p = 0.02), and lateral femoral trochlear groove (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Subchondral @entity236 was associated with an increase in adjacent articular cartilage T2 RVs at some sites. Also, elevated T2 RVs were associated with loss of color stratification.

title: Can T2 relaxation values and color maps be used to detect @entity16 utilizing subchondral XXXX as a marker?

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow edema']


abstract: Molecular biological @entity5 markers and prognostic parameters are necessary for differential diagnosis, individual prognosis, and therapy in @entity1 with @entity1358 . By using high throughput technologies, it is possible to characterize @entity5 samples comprehensively. Based on specific genetic alterations, histopathological subtypes were defined as independent @entity5 entities. Genetic characteristics can be used for diagnosis of @entity5 samples and also of biopsies. Furthermore, specific molecular patterns of @entity3 are known, allowing the determination of the @entity5 's metastatic potential. The specific protein patterns of serum samples of @entity5 @entity1 were analyzed, and several candidate proteins have been identified. One of these is @entity12728 , which is elevated in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). New therapeutic options are now available for @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . Therefore, it is necessary to select the best therapy for each @entity1 and to detect therapy resistance very early. Biomarkers in @entity5 tissue and serum were found to correlate with therapy response.

title: [Tumor profiling of XXXX : relevance for diagnostics and therapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell tumors', 'RCC', 'clear cell renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell tumors']


abstract: @entity9608 cell lines are widely used to study physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in @entity413 metabolism and to establish in vitro models for studies on beta-cells. In contrast, @entity1 @entity9608 cell lines are rarely used because of difficulties in obtaining and culturing them for long periods. The aim of our study was to investigate, under different experimental conditions, the capacity of the @entity1 @entity9608 to retain beta-cell function, particularly the expression of constitutive beta-cell genes (insulin, the @entity413 transporters @entity1365 and @entity35316 , @entity14224 ), intracellular and secreted insulin, beta-cell granules, and @entity268 content. Results showed that CM cells from an early-passage express specific beta-cell genes in response to @entity413 stimulation, in particular the insulin and GLUT genes. Such capacity is lost at later passages when cells are cultured at standard @entity413 concentrations. However, if cultured at lower @entity413 concentration (0.8 mM) for a longer time, CM cells re-acquire the capacity to respond to @entity413 stimulation, as shown by the increased expression of beta-cell genes (insulin, @entity35316 , @entity14224 ). Nonetheless, insulin secretion could not be restored under such experimental conditions despite the presence of intracellular insulin, although @entity268 response to a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, @entity1928 , was present indicating a viable system. In conclusion, these data show that the @entity1 @entity9608 , at both early-passage and late-passage, posseses a functional @entity413 -signalling pathway and insulin mRNA expression similar to normal beta-cells, representing, therefore, a good model for studies concerning the signalling and expression of beta-cells. Furthermore, we have previously shown that it is also a good model for immunological studies. In this respect it is important to note that the CM cell line is one of the very few existing @entity1 beta-cell lines in long-term culture.

title: Beta-cell gene expression and functional characterisation of the @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Animal insulinoma', 'insulinoma cell line CM', 'insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma cell line CM']


abstract: @entity9608 cell lines are widely used to study physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in @entity413 metabolism and to establish in vitro models for studies on beta-cells. In contrast, @entity1 @entity9608 cell lines are rarely used because of difficulties in obtaining and culturing them for long periods. The aim of our study was to investigate, under different experimental conditions, the capacity of the @entity1 @entity9608 to retain beta-cell function, particularly the expression of constitutive beta-cell genes (insulin, the @entity413 transporters @entity1365 and @entity35316 , @entity14224 ), intracellular and secreted insulin, beta-cell granules, and @entity268 content. Results showed that CM cells from an early-passage express specific beta-cell genes in response to @entity413 stimulation, in particular the insulin and GLUT genes. Such capacity is lost at later passages when cells are cultured at standard @entity413 concentrations. However, if cultured at lower @entity413 concentration (0.8 mM) for a longer time, CM cells re-acquire the capacity to respond to @entity413 stimulation, as shown by the increased expression of beta-cell genes (insulin, @entity35316 , @entity14224 ). Nonetheless, insulin secretion could not be restored under such experimental conditions despite the presence of intracellular insulin, although @entity268 response to a potent activator of adenylate cyclase, @entity1928 , was present indicating a viable system. In conclusion, these data show that the @entity1 @entity9608 , at both early-passage and late-passage, posseses a functional @entity413 -signalling pathway and insulin mRNA expression similar to normal beta-cells, representing, therefore, a good model for studies concerning the signalling and expression of beta-cells. Furthermore, we have previously shown that it is also a good model for immunological studies. In this respect it is important to note that the CM cell line is one of the very few existing @entity1 beta-cell lines in long-term culture.

title: Beta-cell gene expression and functional characterisation of the XXXX @entity9608 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study describes the clinical features, natural history and treatment of 100 @entity1 with @entity2724 . Over half had one or more affected relatives. Symptoms commenced in adolescence or early adult life in most @entity1 , and remissions were uncommon. @entity2724 occurred several times each day, often in unusual circumstances and sometimes with little warning. The mean total sleep time of narco-leptics was a little over 9 hours in each 24 hour period, as compared with under 8 in normal subjects. Cataplexy occurred in 93 @entity1 , most commonly when subjects were tired. Attacks were similar in nature to physiological weakness with laughter, although other sudden sensory or emotional stimuli did not cause paralysis of @entity717 nor loss of muscle tone in normal subjects. Half these @entity1 had frequent dreams before the onset of proper sleep, and 62 had @entity2726 . This was often frightening, with feelings of suffocation, accompanied by dreams, and of uncertain length. A minority of @entity1 with @entity2724 had muscle aches and jerks before sleep, @entity892 or loss of focus during @entity2725 , went sleep-walking by day, and had daytime @entity1833 . @entity889 had been given to 71 @entity1 for periods of up to 33 years with adequate, but rarely complete, control of @entity2724 . Side effects were common and almost half these @entity1 became tolerant, needing higher dosage to control symptoms. Three @entity1 had a @entity64 whilst taking @entity889 . @entity2645 or @entity8991 had ben given in combination with @entity889 to 33 @entity1 for periods of up to 6 years with considerable improvement in both @entity2725 and @entity2726 , and few side effects. Sustained or paroxysmal @entity101 as a result of @entity889 or combined treatment did not occur.

title: Natural history, symptoms and treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2726 :: ('MESH:D020188', 'Disease') :: ['sleep paralysis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy', 'Narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines', 'Amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['narcoleptic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate clinicopathologic findings of @entity1 with @entity4153 ( @entity4153 ), and evaluate their prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity4153 treated between October 1996 and December 2004 at Asan Medical Center, Korea. The review included demographic data, pathologic findings, treatments, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 1,358 invasive @entity2622 , the incidence of @entity4153 was 1.5%. Median age was 45.5 years. The clinical stages were Ib in 11, IIa in two, IIb in one, IIIa in one, IIIb in one, IVa in three and IVb in one. Fourteen @entity1 underwent radical hysterectomy. Ten @entity1 are alive and nine show no evidence of disease. Median overall survival was 77.0 months and 5-year overall survival rate was 50%. There was significant difference in overall survival with FIGO stage and @entity5 mass size. CONCLUSION: Advanced FIGO stage and @entity5 mass size are poor prognostic factors for overall survival in @entity1 with @entity4153 . Even though @entity4153 is a highly aggressive @entity5 , early diagnosis and combined therapeutic modalities may lead to longer survival in some @entity1 .

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic study of 20 cases in a single center.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['SCCUC', 'small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ) cytology and galactography. Ninety-four @entity1 submitted to duct excision, representing a total of 98 duct excisions, were retrospectively analyzed from January 1997 to May 2007. Histology of ducts excised revealed 35% duct ectasia (DE), 31% duct @entity1185 (DP), 20% potential @entity5 (PMTL), 6% @entity0 ( @entity0 ), 1% @entity652 and 6% normal breast tissue. Cytology had a sensibility and specificity in detecting duct pathology of, respectively, 40% and 61.3%, a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 53.8% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 47.5%. Concerning malignant and PMTL, cytology had a sensibility and specificity of, respectively, 46.2% and 62.3%, a @entity2286 of 25% and a NPV of 82.5%. @entity0 was never suggested by positive cytology. Galactography had a sensibility and specificity in detecting duct pathology of, respectively, 77.4% and 29.2%, a @entity2286 of 58.5% and a NPV of 50%. For malignant and PMTL, galactography had a sensibility and specificity of, respectively, 80% and 26.7%, a @entity2286 of 19.5% and a NPV of 85.7%. However, galactography never suggested a diagnosis of @entity5 . Cytology and galactography performed together in 49% showed a low Kappa Index (KI < 1), allowing us to conclude that cytology and galactography detect different pathologies. Cytology showed a poor performance in predicting histological diagnosis in face of @entity3389 . Galactography had a good sensibility in excluding malignant lesions and PMTL. Galactography was significantly more sensitive for duct pathology but cytology was more specific for malignant lesions and PMTL.

title: What is the diagnostic value of XXXX cytology and galactography in detecting duct pathology?

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant transforming lesions']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'nipple discharge']

answer: @entity3389 :: (MESH:D019522,Disease) :: ['nipple discharge']


abstract: Mortality from @entity14 decreased from the end of the 19th Century, when @entity204 was the rule, to the 21st Century, when mortality is 5%. The greatest advances were produced during wars, mainly due to improved transport conditions, antisepsis, advances in operating and anesthetic techniques, the management of fluids, blood and blood products, the use of antibiotics, exteriorization of wounds, and the use of colostomy. @entity130 , rectum and colon are infrequent. Their prevalence is difficult to establish because they can be caused by several factors. In Spain, the most frequent causes are traffic accidents and @entity4499 , while in America the most common causes are stab or gunshot wounds. Although the etiology of these injuries is diverse, two major groups of @entity14 can be established: @entity130 and iatrogenic @entity130 . Clinical symptoms vary, ranging from abdominal, pelvic, perianal or anal @entity158 , sometimes associated with rectorrhagia, to peritonismus or shock. Diagnosis is based on physical and rectal examination and laboratory, radiological, and endoscopic investigations. Laparoscopy can also be used on occasions. Treatment should be individualized, depending on the @entity1 's history, current status, the time elapsed since injury, the status of the injured intestine, the degree of fecal contamination, associated lesions, and the surgeon's experience.

title: [Current situation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injuries', 'Injuries to the anus', 'trauma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal trauma']


abstract: A method for determination of trace @entity349 in hair by @entity7470 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry under normal or high temperature and high humidity condition was described. The ways of samples pretreatment, analysis and rapid clearing up bad memory were researched. The results showed: that the effect of instability of @entity349 can be cushioned under high temperature and high humidity condition by choosing much negative high pressure and control long the fluorescence intensity of standard blank. There weren't evident differences in the measure results of standard graph, standard and sample between normal and high temperature and high humidity conditions. When the reducer concentration was more than 2.5 percent or less than 1.5 percent the fluorescence signal was often overrun or disappeared. The sensitivity and stability of instrument weren't easily balanced. Due to @entity8316 remainder, the fluorescence intensity of sample blank was higher than that of standard blank, especially under high temperature and high humidity, so in the proceed of sample pretreatment @entity8316 was used scarcely. The bad memory effect can be cleared up rapidly by correction of negative high pressure and correction of of timized standard graph. The method was rapid and accurate. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to or small than 1.1%. The detection limit of the method was 0.006 ng x mL(-1).

title: [Determination of trace XXXX in hair by @entity7470 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

entities_list: @entity7470 :: ('CHEBI:29239', 'Chemical') :: ['hydride']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: A method for determination of trace @entity349 in hair by @entity7470 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry under normal or high temperature and high humidity condition was described. The ways of samples pretreatment, analysis and rapid clearing up bad memory were researched. The results showed: that the effect of instability of @entity349 can be cushioned under high temperature and high humidity condition by choosing much negative high pressure and control long the fluorescence intensity of standard blank. There weren't evident differences in the measure results of standard graph, standard and sample between normal and high temperature and high humidity conditions. When the reducer concentration was more than 2.5 percent or less than 1.5 percent the fluorescence signal was often overrun or disappeared. The sensitivity and stability of instrument weren't easily balanced. Due to @entity8316 remainder, the fluorescence intensity of sample blank was higher than that of standard blank, especially under high temperature and high humidity, so in the proceed of sample pretreatment @entity8316 was used scarcely. The bad memory effect can be cleared up rapidly by correction of negative high pressure and correction of of timized standard graph. The method was rapid and accurate. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to or small than 1.1%. The detection limit of the method was 0.006 ng x mL(-1).

title: [Determination of trace @entity349 in hair by XXXX generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry].

answer: @entity7470 :: (CHEBI:29239,Chemical) :: ['hydride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of energy density and food weight (volume) on subsequent intake. DESIGN: Sixteen lean @entity1 were each studied four times during a 2-d protocol at the Rowett's @entity1 Nutrition Unit. On day 1, subjects were fed a mandatory diet at 1.6 x resting metabolic rate (RMR). On day 2, during the mandatory morning period (08.30-12.30) subjects consumed a fixed breakfast (08.30) plus a snack (10.30) in one of four treatments [with values in weight (kg), ED (kJ/100g), Energy (MJ)]: (i) zero intake, 0:0:0 (ii) low energy density (LED), 0.615: 400: 2.46; (iii) @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ), 0.615: 800: 4.92; (iv) 2 x LED, 1.225: 400: 4.91. From 12.30, throughout the remainder of the day, subjects had ad libitum access to 15 high-protein, 15 high-fat and 15 high- @entity1735 foods. Motivation to eat was tracked hourly using 100 mm line scales. RESULTS: ANOVA showed subjects were hungrier after the zero and LED treatments in the mandatory period (p<0.001). Lunch time EI was 5.0, 3.1, 4.2 and 3.2 MJ on the zero, @entity2101 , LED and 2 x LED treatments, respectively (p<0.001). Total ad libitum EI was 11.7, 9.6, 10.3 and 9.5 MJ/d, respectively (p=0.033). Total ad libitum plus mandatory intakes amounted to 11.7, 14.5, 12.6 and 14.4 MJ/d, respectively (p=0.001). Corresponding food intakes were 2.18, 2.39, 2.51 and 3.06 kg/d, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that subjects respond to both the amount of food eaten in the morning and to the energy density of those foods. However, compensation was only partial and short-term. Subjects only compensated EI by approximately 40% and that compensation only occurred at the next meal.

title: Energy density and weight of food effect short-term caloric compensation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high energy density', 'HED']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation the participation of @entity1 in prophylactic and educational program according their declarations and also the role of health service, after introduction the population screenings in the country in years: 2006 and 2007. Identify the most neglected groups in this field. METHODS: In 2008 the questionnaire survey were conducted in representative sample of Polish @entity1 . They were asked about their health behaviors as: attending mammography, to the doctors for examination their breast and breast self examination. The most important results were compared with results of similar survey in 1998. RESULT: It was observed the substantial increase of @entity1 in the age risk groups (45-54, 55-64, 65+ years old) who declared attending mammography in the last two years in 2008 in comparison with 1998 accordingly: 26%, 39%, and 14%. Also the increase of percent of village @entity1 declared this method of early detection of @entity0 in the same period was significant--28%. The most neglected groups of @entity1 in the aspect of prophylactic of @entity0 were @entity1 in the age over 65 years old and @entity1 from the village area. CONCLUSION: (1) It is important to continue educational work and intervention measures concerning @entity0 prevention, with special attention to the most neglected groups of @entity1 . (2) It would be important to continue educating doctors in prophylactic breast examination. (3) Most stress should be done on the promotion of active @entity0 screening program.

title: [Social aspects of XXXX early detection after introduction of population screenings in Poland].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: Electrospun nanofibers represent potent guidance substrates for nervous tissue repair. Development of nanofiber-based scaffolds for CNS repair requires, as a first step, an understanding of appropriate neural cell type-substrate interactions. MATERIALS _ METHODS: Astrocyte-nanofiber interactions (e.g., adhesion, proliferation, process extension and migration) were studied by comparing @entity1 neural progenitor-derived astrocytes ( @entity23821 -ACs) and a @entity1 @entity816 cell line (U373) with aligned @entity4351 ( @entity4351 ) nanofibers or blended (25% type I collagen/75% @entity4351 ) nanofibers. Neuron-nanofiber interactions were assessed using a differentiated @entity1 @entity521 cell line (SH-SY5Y). RESULTS _ DISCUSSION: U373 cells and @entity23821 -AC showed similar process alignment and length when associated with @entity4351 or Type I collagen/ @entity4351 nanofibers. Cell adhesion and migration by @entity23821 -AC were clearly improved by functionalization of nanofiber surfaces with type I collagen. Functionalized nanofibers had no such effect on U373 cells. Another clear difference between the U373 cells and @entity23821 -AC interactions with the nanofiber substrate was proliferation; the cell line demonstrating strong proliferation, whereas the @entity23821 -AC line showed no proliferation on either type of nanofiber. Long axonal growth (up to 600 microm in length) of SH-SY5Y neurons followed the orientation of both types of nanofibers even though adhesion of the processes to the fibers was poor. CONCLUSION: The use of cell lines is of only limited predictive value when studying cell-substrate interactions but both morphology and alignment of @entity1 astrocytes were affected profoundly by nanofibers. Nanofiber surface functionalization with collagen significantly improved @entity23821 -AC adhesion and migration. Alternative forms of functionalization may be required for optimal axon-nanofiber interactions.

title: XXXX neural cell interactions with orientated electrospun nanofibers in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['polycaprolactone', 'PCL']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: In order to characterize further the @entity1 amniotic membrane interferon (IFN-AM), an interferon antigenically unrelated to @entity1 @entity71507 , we analysed its biological activities. Here, we present direct evidence of its ability to affect cell growth and to induce the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) 6-16 and 2'-5' @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ), in addition to its crossed anti-viral activity. The cellular growth arrest effect of IFN-AM was dose-dependent and paralleled that of @entity2391 . IFN-AM was also able to inhibit @entity1014 incorporation into DNA, similar to @entity2391 . The mRNA induction of 6-16 gene with IFN-AM treatment reached its highest level at 500 IU/ml and remained constant up to 2000 IU/ml. Conversely, 2'-5' @entity1382 mRNA induction was dose-dependent, with the maximum level detected at 2000 IU/ml of IFN-AM treatment. The time course of mRNA accumulation by ISGs with IFN-AM (500 IU/ml) stimulation was also investigated. Gene induction reached a maximum at 16 h after IFN treatment for 2'-5' @entity1382 and at 48 h for the 6-16 gene. IFN-AM and @entity1 @entity3027 induced similar levels of the @entity1382 enzyme. IFN-AM also showed small but significant activity in @entity291 cells. In conclusion, the amniotic membrane IFN here studied showed both anti-cellular activity and the ability to stimulate ISG-transcriptional activation in a similar manner to @entity2391 . In addition, IFN-AM was also as able to induce the expression of the enzyme 2'-5' @entity1382 , as did @entity3027 . Lastly, amniotic IFN showed a significant cross-species anti-viral activity, which was different from both @entity1 @entity34589 . Taken together, these data strongly suggest that IFN-AM is a novel sub-type I IFN.

title: Biological activities of a XXXX amniotic membrane interferon.

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['OAS', 'oligoadenylate synthetase']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1277 ( @entity1278 , @entity6426 , and partial syndromes) in students in a Madrid school district during the 1993-1994 academic period. The results were compared with those of an earlier study performed in 1985-1986 and with findings in other countries. METHODS: In the first phase, 1314 adolescents (731 @entity1 and 583 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 15.05 +/- 0.98 years were surveyed according to the @entity1277 Inventory (EDI) and a psychosocial data survey. Of these, 1281 (97.48%) [724 @entity1 (99.04%) and 557 @entity1 (95.54%)] were considered appropriate for the study. The risk population included individuals with a total EDI score over 50, plus a drive for thinness (DT) score over 10; 180 @entity1 (24.86%) and 19 @entity1 (3.41%) were identified on this basis. To reduce possible false negatives, those whose score on the @entity6426 scale was over 5, with @entity2588 of more than 3 months duration and a body mass index (weight in kilograms per height in square meters) under 18 were also considered to be at risk. The total risk population thus defined consisted of 293 adolescents (22.87%): 67 @entity1 (12.02%) and 226 @entity1 (31.21%). In the second phase, all risk subjects were reevaluated with a semistructured interview for ED, and they were also weighed and measured. In all, 156 adolescents (53.24%)[103 @entity1 (45.57%) and 53 @entity1 (79.10%)] participated in @entity1 . The remaining 137 subjects completed the interview by telephone. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R diagnostic criteria were applied. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (0.69% of the total study population) fulfilled the DSM-III-R criteria for @entity1278 , and nine (1.24%), for @entity1279 . Two @entity1 (0.36%) had @entity6426 . Twenty @entity1 (2.76%) and three @entity1 (0.54%) represented partial syndromes. The results of adding the full and partial syndromes showed that 4.7% of the @entity1 and 0.9% of the @entity1 had @entity1277 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of @entity1277 in Madrid, reaching similar levels to those reported in the literature for other developed countries.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in a Spanish school-age population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating Disorder', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based differential display was used to screen for alterations in gene expression in the mesolimbic system of the @entity1 alcoholic brain. Total RNA was extracted from the nucleus accumbens of five alcoholic and five control brains. A selected subpopulation of mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and amplified by PCR. A differentially expressed cDNA fragment was recovered, cloned, and sequenced. Full sequence analysis of this 467 bp fragment revealed 98.2% homology with the @entity1 mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Dot-blot analysis showed increased expression of this gene in nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, but not in the superior frontal cortex, primary motor cortex, caudate, and pallidus/putamen in a total of eight @entity1 alcoholic brains, compared with seven control brains. A similar increased expression was observed by dot-blot analysis, using RNA from the cerebral cortex of @entity35 chronically treated with @entity167 vapor. Hybridization of a 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe indicated that the expression of both rRNAs genes was significantly increased in nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that chronic @entity167 consumption induces alteration in expression of mitochondrial genes in selected brain regions. The altered gene expression may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction in the @entity167 -affected brain.

title: Increased expression of mitochondrial genes in XXXX alcoholic brain revealed by differential display.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate GH and @entity442 control and @entity5 shrinkage in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2012 treated first-line with lanreotide-Autogel (ATG) 120 mg. Design Open, prospective. @entity1 : Twenty-six @entity1 (17 @entity1 , aged 31-70 years): eight enclosed and 12 extrasellar (eight invasive) macroadenomas and six microadenomas (one invasive). ATG 120 mg initially given every 4 weeks for 12 weeks; then intervals between injections increased to every 6 or 8 weeks if GH levels were <or= 2.5 or < 1 microg/l (equal to 6.5 and 2.6 mU/l), respectively. RESULTS: Final dosage was ATG 120 mg every 4 weeks in nine @entity1 (34.6%), every 6 weeks in eight @entity1 (30.8%) and every 8 weeks in the remaining nine @entity1 (34.6%). After 12 months, both GH and @entity442 were controlled in 14 @entity1 (53.8%). The mean @entity5 volume decreased from 1405 +/- 1827 mm(3) at study entry to 960 +/- 1381 mm(3) after 6 months, and 799 +/- 1161 mm(3) after 12 months (P < 0.0001). Overall @entity5 shrinkage was 35.8 +/- 28.1% after 6 months and 48.4 +/- 27.6% after 12 months. After 12 months, 20 @entity1 (76.9%) achieved > 25% @entity5 shrinkage: 12 of 14 with controlled disease (85.7%) and 8 of 12 with noncontrolled disease (66.7%; P = 0.49). Hyperhydrosis, paresthesiae and @entity4841 significantly reduced after treatment. No @entity1 withdrew from the study because of adverse events. CONCLUSION: ATG 120 mg in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2012 controls GH and @entity442 secretion in 53.8% and induces >or= 25% @entity5 shrinkage in 76.9% during a 12-month period. The treatment was associated with improvement of clinical symptoms and with a good safety profile.

title: Significant XXXX shrinkage after 12 months of lanreotide Autogel-120 mg treatment given first-line in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate GH and @entity442 control and @entity5 shrinkage in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2012 treated first-line with lanreotide-Autogel (ATG) 120 mg. Design Open, prospective. @entity1 : Twenty-six @entity1 (17 @entity1 , aged 31-70 years): eight enclosed and 12 extrasellar (eight invasive) macroadenomas and six microadenomas (one invasive). ATG 120 mg initially given every 4 weeks for 12 weeks; then intervals between injections increased to every 6 or 8 weeks if GH levels were <or= 2.5 or < 1 microg/l (equal to 6.5 and 2.6 mU/l), respectively. RESULTS: Final dosage was ATG 120 mg every 4 weeks in nine @entity1 (34.6%), every 6 weeks in eight @entity1 (30.8%) and every 8 weeks in the remaining nine @entity1 (34.6%). After 12 months, both GH and @entity442 were controlled in 14 @entity1 (53.8%). The mean @entity5 volume decreased from 1405 +/- 1827 mm(3) at study entry to 960 +/- 1381 mm(3) after 6 months, and 799 +/- 1161 mm(3) after 12 months (P < 0.0001). Overall @entity5 shrinkage was 35.8 +/- 28.1% after 6 months and 48.4 +/- 27.6% after 12 months. After 12 months, 20 @entity1 (76.9%) achieved > 25% @entity5 shrinkage: 12 of 14 with controlled disease (85.7%) and 8 of 12 with noncontrolled disease (66.7%; P = 0.49). Hyperhydrosis, paresthesiae and @entity4841 significantly reduced after treatment. No @entity1 withdrew from the study because of adverse events. CONCLUSION: ATG 120 mg in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2012 controls GH and @entity442 secretion in 53.8% and induces >or= 25% @entity5 shrinkage in 76.9% during a 12-month period. The treatment was associated with improvement of clinical symptoms and with a good safety profile.

title: Significant @entity5 shrinkage after 12 months of lanreotide Autogel-120 mg treatment given first-line in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective study is an investigation of the relationship between traffic exposure and @entity2789 in a previously unstudied geographic area. We hypothesized that, controlling for selected demographic and social factors, exposure to traffic emissions would allow the prediction of hospital utilization for @entity1 with @entity565 . DESIGN: Using hospital and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) records, we investigated the relationship between proximity to major roadways and admissions for @entity565 exacerbations in the Fort Worth metropolitan area, designated as not attaining federal air health standards. The sample included 2,357 @entity1 from 1 to 12 years of age admitted for emergency or inpatient treatment in a 288-bed, nonprofit @entity1 's medical center in Fort Worth, Texas from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2005. Data were analyzed using GIS mapping and logistic regression. METHODS: Deidentification data were collected from hospital databases after IRB approval and waiver of parental permission or @entity1 consent. Student's t test was used to compare groups with and without primary @entity565 diagnosis on admission in respect to distance from major roadways. Logistic regression was used to model relationships between @entity565 admission and @entity1 ' characteristics, exposure to traffic, and social environment. FINDINGS: Controlling for several demographic factors, @entity565 occurrences were positively related to traffic exposures. On average, @entity1 with @entity565 lived closer to major roadways than did @entity1 who did not have @entity565 . @entity1 with @entity565 also tended to live in neighborhoods with more roads than did those who did not have @entity565 ; 3/4 of the @entity1 admitted for @entity565 during the study period and less than 1/3 of the @entity1 admitted for nonasthma diagnoses lived within 1,500 meters of a major roadway (p=.0001). Controlling for other factors, every meter increase in proximity to major roadways produced 0.1% increase in likelihood of admission. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of risk factors and their relative magnitudes enable nurses to better tailor symptom management for individual @entity1 .

title: Predicting admissions for childhood XXXX based on proximity to major roadways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma exacerbations']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate @entity137 ( @entity137 ) in @entity1 with advanced @entity227 ( @entity227 ) loss using semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP). METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity227 caused by @entity726 (31) or @entity6391 (19), homonymous @entity227 caused by post-chiasmal lesions (18) and unilateral @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) (10) were examined with SKP (Octopus 101 perimeter). One eye in each @entity1 was enrolled. Additionally, VFs in the 10 healthy fellow eyes of the @entity1 with @entity1781 were compared with those in the 10 affected eyes. Reaction time was assessed during the SKP session by presenting kinetic stimuli (III4e) with constant angular velocities of 3 degrees /second moving linearly along so-called ' @entity137 vectors' at four different locations inside the III4e isoptre. Each stimulus presentation was repeated four times in randomized order. RESULTS: The geometric mean @entity137 was 794 ms (95% reference interval [RI] 391-1615 ms) in @entity1 with @entity726 , 702 ms (95% RI 306-1608 ms) in @entity1 with @entity6391 and 675 ms (95% RI 312-1460 ms) in @entity1 with @entity1805 . Increases in @entity137 for every 1 degree of eccentricity were 1%, 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively. The geometric mean @entity137 in the 10 @entity1 with @entity1781 was 644 ms in affected eyes and 435 ms in unaffected eyes, reflecting an increase of 51% (95% confidence interval 42-62%). CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial inter-subject variability in @entity137 in @entity1 with advanced @entity227 . It is possible to correct the position of the isoptres by assessing individual @entity137 . There were no relevant differences in @entity137 between the disease groups. Reaction time increases with eccentricity. In @entity66 ( @entity1781 ), @entity137 is prolonged, compared with in healthy fellow eyes. However, in clinical routine the @entity137 -related displacement of isoptres is negligible in the vast majority of cases.

title: Reaction time during semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP) in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF loss', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['reaction time', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['monocular disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy', 'unilateral optic neuropathy', 'AION']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate @entity137 ( @entity137 ) in @entity1 with advanced @entity227 ( @entity227 ) loss using semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP). METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity227 caused by @entity726 (31) or @entity6391 (19), homonymous @entity227 caused by post-chiasmal lesions (18) and unilateral @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) (10) were examined with SKP (Octopus 101 perimeter). One eye in each @entity1 was enrolled. Additionally, VFs in the 10 healthy fellow eyes of the @entity1 with @entity1781 were compared with those in the 10 affected eyes. Reaction time was assessed during the SKP session by presenting kinetic stimuli (III4e) with constant angular velocities of 3 degrees /second moving linearly along so-called ' @entity137 vectors' at four different locations inside the III4e isoptre. Each stimulus presentation was repeated four times in randomized order. RESULTS: The geometric mean @entity137 was 794 ms (95% reference interval [RI] 391-1615 ms) in @entity1 with @entity726 , 702 ms (95% RI 306-1608 ms) in @entity1 with @entity6391 and 675 ms (95% RI 312-1460 ms) in @entity1 with @entity1805 . Increases in @entity137 for every 1 degree of eccentricity were 1%, 0.9% and 0.4%, respectively. The geometric mean @entity137 in the 10 @entity1 with @entity1781 was 644 ms in affected eyes and 435 ms in unaffected eyes, reflecting an increase of 51% (95% confidence interval 42-62%). CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial inter-subject variability in @entity137 in @entity1 with advanced @entity227 . It is possible to correct the position of the isoptres by assessing individual @entity137 . There were no relevant differences in @entity137 between the disease groups. Reaction time increases with eccentricity. In @entity66 ( @entity1781 ), @entity137 is prolonged, compared with in healthy fellow eyes. However, in clinical routine the @entity137 -related displacement of isoptres is negligible in the vast majority of cases.

title: Reaction time during semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP) in XXXX with advanced @entity227 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically phenotype an inherited @entity1020 with peculiar intraretinal @entity2118 , cysts, and @entity548 in a 24-year-old female proband and her family. METHODS: Extended family members of the proband underwent dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and, in selected cases, @entity941 angiography and electroretinography. RESULTS: Seventeen family members, representing 3 generations and ranging in age from 5 to 64 years, were clinically examined. Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. @entity4457 and strabismus were frequently present in affected individuals. Consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 7 family members had multiple central macular cystic spaces and flat, round, densely @entity2118 . There were right-angle vessels and @entity8721 in the central macula. Two subjects showed evidence of active macular @entity2295 with leakage on @entity941 angiography at ages 7 and 24 years, which was responsive to either focal laser or a single injection of bevacizumab. In those cases examined, multifocal electroretinography showed a diminished foveal response. CONCLUSIONS: This spotted @entity1020 appears to represent a new @entity989 . Because these @entity1 are at risk for @entity1940 , identification of the responsible gene may provide insight into the mechanisms of pathological @entity2295 .

title: A new @entity1020 with anomalous vascular development, @entity2118 , cystic spaces, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented spots within the retina', 'pigment spots']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant retinal condition']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular dystrophy', 'cystic neovascular macular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['Amblyopia']

answer: @entity2295 :: (MESH:D015861,Disease) :: ['neovascularization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically phenotype an inherited @entity1020 with peculiar intraretinal @entity2118 , cysts, and @entity548 in a 24-year-old female proband and her family. METHODS: Extended family members of the proband underwent dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and, in selected cases, @entity941 angiography and electroretinography. RESULTS: Seventeen family members, representing 3 generations and ranging in age from 5 to 64 years, were clinically examined. Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. @entity4457 and strabismus were frequently present in affected individuals. Consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 7 family members had multiple central macular cystic spaces and flat, round, densely @entity2118 . There were right-angle vessels and @entity8721 in the central macula. Two subjects showed evidence of active macular @entity2295 with leakage on @entity941 angiography at ages 7 and 24 years, which was responsive to either focal laser or a single injection of bevacizumab. In those cases examined, multifocal electroretinography showed a diminished foveal response. CONCLUSIONS: This spotted @entity1020 appears to represent a new @entity989 . Because these @entity1 are at risk for @entity1940 , identification of the responsible gene may provide insight into the mechanisms of pathological @entity2295 .

title: A new @entity1020 with anomalous vascular development, XXXX , cystic spaces, and @entity2295 .

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['pigment spots']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clinically phenotype an inherited @entity1020 with peculiar intraretinal @entity2118 , cysts, and @entity548 in a 24-year-old female proband and her family. METHODS: Extended family members of the proband underwent dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and, in selected cases, @entity941 angiography and electroretinography. RESULTS: Seventeen family members, representing 3 generations and ranging in age from 5 to 64 years, were clinically examined. Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. @entity4457 and strabismus were frequently present in affected individuals. Consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, 7 family members had multiple central macular cystic spaces and flat, round, densely @entity2118 . There were right-angle vessels and @entity8721 in the central macula. Two subjects showed evidence of active macular @entity2295 with leakage on @entity941 angiography at ages 7 and 24 years, which was responsive to either focal laser or a single injection of bevacizumab. In those cases examined, multifocal electroretinography showed a diminished foveal response. CONCLUSIONS: This spotted @entity1020 appears to represent a new @entity989 . Because these @entity1 are at risk for @entity1940 , identification of the responsible gene may provide insight into the mechanisms of pathological @entity2295 .

title: A new XXXX with anomalous vascular development, @entity2118 , cystic spaces, and @entity2295 .

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular dystrophy']


abstract: A retrospective study of 21 @entity1 with @entity2112 who underwent endoscopic thoracoplasty was done. The objective of the study was to report and assess the morbidity and mid term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoplasty in @entity2112 . @entity1 with @entity2112 often present cosmetic complaints due to their @entity85 . This deformity may still exist after surgical correction of the main scoliotic curve. Endoscopic thoracoplasty has been reported as a safe method in limited cases of @entity2112 . Between 2002 and 2004, 21 @entity1 underwent endoscopic anterior release and thoracoplasty for significant rib @entity85 associated with @entity2112 . @entity1 were operated on lateral position, with two endoscopic ports. Anterior release and rib resection were performed during the first stage, and instrumented posterior fusion was performed in a second stage. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively, 1 week after surgery, 6 months after surgery and at their most recent follow-up with clinical and radiological measurement of the @entity85 . The mean age at surgery was 14.9 years old (range 13-17 years). The average Cobb's angle of the main scoliotic curve was 70 degrees (range 60 degrees -85 degrees). Average follow-up was 25 months (range 23-32 months). The mean number of resected ribs was five ribs (range 4-7) and the mean length of the resected rib was 4.2 cm (range 2.2-7 cm). Average operating time of endoscopic thoracoplasty (including anterior release) was 65 min (range 45-108 min). The mean preoperative height of rib @entity85 was 3.6 cm (range 2.5-5.5 cm). It was reduced to 1.5 cm at most recent follow-up. There was no significant @entity158 necessitating medication postoperatively. No complications related to endoscopic anterior release and rib hump resection occurred in the series. Endoscopic thoracoplasty is a safe and reliable technique in @entity2112 . If indicated, the anterior release can be performed with video-assistance and the thoracoplasty can be performed on the same stage.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for the treatment of scolioticrib XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['hump deformity', 'rib deformity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['hump deformity']


abstract: It is well recognized that many if not most @entity1 and adolescents attending paediatric rheumatology clinics will have a non-inflammatory origin for their complaints or disorder. Mechanical causes are frequently identified, and @entity8018 or @entity14884 is increasingly recognized as an aetiological factor in the presentation. Such conditions include 'growing @entity158 ', recurrent @entity6250 , anterior knee @entity158 . Studies of significant cohorts of such @entity1 have now been published supporting the link of @entity10089 to particular symptom complexes. However, much disagreement remains as to the @entity8018 as an aetiogical factor. What seems clear is that not all hypermobile individuals will be symptomatic or indeed possibly have any risk for specific @entity85 in later life. Screening tools such as the Beighton score are likely to be inadequate in many paediatric populations. Along with increasing recognition of these disorders in childhood and adolescence has been the development of a multidisciplinary management approach, which usually involves predominantly allied health professionals such as podiatrists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The challenge remains to interpret symptoms correctly as being related to the @entity8018 and to predict why such @entity1 become symptomatic. The answer is likely to involve physiological and psychosocial factors. In addition, early identification and modification of risk factors may have major implications for subsequent prevalence of many adult medical disorders such as @entity1643 , @entity1118 and @entity179 .

title: Hypermobility disorders in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower-limb arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10089 :: ('MESH:C536012', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous laxity']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous laxity of joints']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndromes, and back pain', 'pains']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility', 'validity of hypermobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity1555 is the most common genetic @entity121 . Affected muscles are characterized by abnormal @entity934 receptor (AChR) clustering. Some studies have suggested that changes in AChR clusters are secondary to degenerative processes. In this study, we demonstrate that AChR @entity1949 and @entity121 are separate events. We compared AChR clusters and pathological features in mdx @entity19 (mutated dystrophin) and dko @entity19 (mutated dystrophin and utrophin). AChR clusters were identified by binding with a-bungarotoxin, and pathological features were observed by classical immunohistochemical techniques. AChR clusters in mdx and dko @entity19 were reduced in number and exhibited @entity2383 . However, AChR @entity1949 was not significantly different in mdx and dko @entity19 , although more severe inflammatory infiltration and degeneration were observed in dko @entity19 . Furthermore, neuronal @entity842 synthase, which interacts with dystrophin to anchor itself at the sarcolemma, was notably reduced in mdx and dko @entity19 . Fragmentation of AChR and @entity121 are separate events, and both are secondary results of destabilization on the sarcolemma and the cytoskeleton.

title: The absence of dystrophin rather than XXXX causes acetylcholine receptor cluster defects in @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['cluster fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease', 'muscle degeneration']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle degeneration']


abstract: @entity1555 is the most common genetic @entity121 . Affected muscles are characterized by abnormal @entity934 receptor (AChR) clustering. Some studies have suggested that changes in AChR clusters are secondary to degenerative processes. In this study, we demonstrate that AChR @entity1949 and @entity121 are separate events. We compared AChR clusters and pathological features in mdx @entity19 (mutated dystrophin) and dko @entity19 (mutated dystrophin and utrophin). AChR clusters were identified by binding with a-bungarotoxin, and pathological features were observed by classical immunohistochemical techniques. AChR clusters in mdx and dko @entity19 were reduced in number and exhibited @entity2383 . However, AChR @entity1949 was not significantly different in mdx and dko @entity19 , although more severe inflammatory infiltration and degeneration were observed in dko @entity19 . Furthermore, neuronal @entity842 synthase, which interacts with dystrophin to anchor itself at the sarcolemma, was notably reduced in mdx and dko @entity19 . Fragmentation of AChR and @entity121 are separate events, and both are secondary results of destabilization on the sarcolemma and the cytoskeleton.

title: The absence of dystrophin rather than @entity121 causes acetylcholine receptor cluster defects in XXXX .

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['dystrophic muscle']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective study. OBJECTIVES: To assess the occurrence and predictors of return to work after traumatic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Italian rehabilitation centers. METHODS: We evaluated @entity1 previously included in the Italian Group for the Epidemiological Study of @entity1566 study. A standardised telephone interview was used to collect data after a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. The main outcome measure was employment at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 403 @entity1 , 336 @entity1 and 67 @entity1 , with a mean age of 41.8  16.3 years, were included in the follow-up. In all, 42.1% of @entity1 were employed at the moment of the interview, though 62% reported a worsening in their employment level. Predictors of employment were education (P<0.0001), bowel continence (P=0.02), independence in mobility (P=0.0004), ability to drive (P<0.0001), participating in the community (P=0.0001) and ability to live alone (P<0.0001) while age (P<0.0001), being married (P<0.0001), @entity1688 (P=0.03), occurrence of recent medical problems (P=0.002), re-hospitalization (P=0.02), presence of architectonic barriers (P=0.009) and having a public welfare subsidy (P<0.0001), predicted unemployment. On the basis of multivariate analysis, younger age, education, absence of @entity1688 , ability to drive, ability to live alone, previous employment were independent predictors of employment after @entity1566 . Employment at follow-up was related to several indicators of quality of life. CONCLUSION: Employment after @entity1566 was rather frequent and was related to several @entity1 characteristics and social factors. Specific interventions on the @entity1 and on the social environment may favor employment after @entity1566 and improve quality of life.

title: Occurrence and predictors of employment after traumatic XXXX : the GISEM Study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injuries', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The influence of long-term free-air @entity1787 fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total @entity2041 , its redox state, non-structural proteins (NSP), soluble @entity1472 compounds, and total soluble @entity3363 in old-growth beech (FAGUS SYLVATICA) and spruce (PICEA ABIES) trees were determined over a period of five years. @entity1787 fumigation had weak effects on the analysed metabolites of both tree species and significant changes in the contents of total @entity2041 , NSP, and soluble @entity3363 were observed only selectively. Beech leaves were affected by crown position to a higher extent than spruce needles and exhibited lower contents of total @entity2041 and NSP and total soluble @entity3363 , but enhanced contents of oxidised @entity2041 and @entity1472 compounds in the shade compared to the sun crown. Contents of total soluble @entity3363 generally were decreased in shade compared to sun needles of spruce trees. Interspecific differences between beech and spruce were more distinct in the sun compared to the shade crown. Contents of total @entity2041 were increased whilst contents of @entity1472 compounds and total soluble @entity3363 were lower in spruce needles compared to beech leaves. The metabolites determined showed individual patterns in the course of the five measurement years. Contents of total @entity2041 and its redox state correlated with air temperature and global radiation, indicating an important role for the antioxidant at low temperatures. Correlations of @entity2041 with instantaneous @entity1787 concentrations seem to be a secondary effect. Differences in proteins and/or @entity1472 compounds in the inter-annual course are assumed to be a consequence of alterations in specific N uptake rates.

title: Significance of XXXX exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) trees in a mixed forest stand.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity74 characterized by extraordinary high renal @entity414 clearance and is associated with @entity810 ( @entity810 ). An 18-year-old sumo wrestler developed @entity810 after anaerobic exercise. Several hours after the exercise, he had a @entity158 in the loins with @entity1458 , @entity10 , and @entity390 . On admission, his serum @entity414 was decreased despite the elevation of serum @entity1011 (9.5 mg/dL). The level of @entity908 kinase was normal and there was no @entity9958 or @entity1791 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed no significant abnormality. Renal function improved completely within 2 weeks of hydration treatment. After remission, @entity25114 became obvious (1.0 mg/dL) from the initial level of @entity414 (6.1 mg/dL) and fractional excretion of @entity414 was 49%. Polymerase chain reaction of a urate anion exchanger known to regulate blood urate level ( @entity24459 gene: @entity24459 ) demonstrated that homozygous mutations in exon 4 ( @entity24460 ). Both parents showed heterozygous mutation of the @entity24459 gene, but both siblings showed no mutation. Thus, we describe a Japanese sumo wrestler of @entity8 complicated with anaerobic exercise-induced @entity810 , with definite demonstration of @entity74 in the responsible gene, @entity24459 .

title: @entity810 after exercise in a Japanese sumo wrestler with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25114 :: ('MESH:C537757', 'Disease') :: ['hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['familial renal hypouricemia', 'Familial renal hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality', 'hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hypouricemia']


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity74 characterized by extraordinary high renal @entity414 clearance and is associated with @entity810 ( @entity810 ). An 18-year-old sumo wrestler developed @entity810 after anaerobic exercise. Several hours after the exercise, he had a @entity158 in the loins with @entity1458 , @entity10 , and @entity390 . On admission, his serum @entity414 was decreased despite the elevation of serum @entity1011 (9.5 mg/dL). The level of @entity908 kinase was normal and there was no @entity9958 or @entity1791 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed no significant abnormality. Renal function improved completely within 2 weeks of hydration treatment. After remission, @entity25114 became obvious (1.0 mg/dL) from the initial level of @entity414 (6.1 mg/dL) and fractional excretion of @entity414 was 49%. Polymerase chain reaction of a urate anion exchanger known to regulate blood urate level ( @entity24459 gene: @entity24459 ) demonstrated that homozygous mutations in exon 4 ( @entity24460 ). Both parents showed heterozygous mutation of the @entity24459 gene, but both siblings showed no mutation. Thus, we describe a Japanese sumo wrestler of @entity8 complicated with anaerobic exercise-induced @entity810 , with definite demonstration of @entity74 in the responsible gene, @entity24459 .

title: XXXX after exercise in a Japanese sumo wrestler with @entity8 .

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimal immunosuppression (IS) is desirable in organ transplantation to reduce side effects and to promote the process of tolerance induction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between February 2000 and September 2004, 156 adults (>15 years old) receiving a primary liver graft were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator-driven single-center study comparing @entity1140 ( @entity11636 )-placebo (PL) and @entity11636 -low-dose, short-term (64 days) @entity134 (ST) IS. There were no exclusion criteria at moment of randomization. All @entity1 had a 12-month follow-up (range, 12-84). RESULTS: Three- and 12-month @entity1 survival rates were 93.6% and 87.2% in the @entity11636 -PL group and 98.7% and 94.7% in @entity11636 -ST group (P = 0.096 and P = 0.093, respectively). Three- and 12-month graft survival rates were 92.3% and 85.9% versus 97.4% and 92.3% (P = 0.14 and 0.13, respectively). By 3 and 12 months, rejection treatment had been given in 20.5% (16 pts) and 23% (18 pts) of @entity11636 -PL @entity1 and in 12.7% (10 pts) and 20.5% (16 pts) of @entity11636 -ST @entity1 (P = 0.20 and 0.54). @entity228 -resistant rejection (CRR) at 3 and 12 months was recorded in 12.8% (10 pts) of @entity11636 -PL @entity1 and 3.8% (3 pts) of @entity11636 -ST @entity1 (P = 0.04). When considering the 145 @entity1 transplanted without artificial organ support (n = 145), CRR at 3 and 12 months was recorded in 8.8% (6/68 pts) of @entity11636 -PL @entity1 and in 3.9% (3/77 pts) of @entity11636 -ST @entity1 (P = 0.22). @entity1157 was diagnosed in 1 (1.2%) @entity11636 -PL @entity1 and 4 (5.1%) @entity11636 -ST @entity1 (P = 0.17). By 1 year, 78.2% (61/78) of @entity11636 -PL @entity1 and 82% (64/78) of @entity11636 -ST @entity1 were on @entity11636 monotherapy (P = 0.54). When considering 67 @entity11636 -PL and 74 @entity11636 -ST survivors, rates of monotherapy were 91% (61 pts) and 86.5% (64 pts) (P = 0.39). At 1 year, 62.5% (42 pts) of @entity11636 -PL survivors and 64.9% (48 pts) of @entity11636 -ST survivors were on low-dosage (<6 ng/mL) @entity11636 monotherapy (P 0.79). CONCLUSION: @entity11636 monotherapy can be achieved safely without compromising graft nor @entity1 survival in a primary, even unselected, adult liver transplant population. The higher incidence of early CRR in the @entity11636 -PL group related to the significantly higher number of @entity1 transplanted while being on artificial organ support. In such condition, this monodrug immunosuppressive strategy needs to be adapted. @entity11636 monotherapy strategy should lay the basis for further large scale minimization studies in liver transplantation.

title: XXXX monotherapy in liver transplantation: one-year results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Vanishing bile duct syndrome']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: Molecular techniques can aid in the classification of Biomphalaria species because morphological differentiation between these species is difficult. Previous studies using phylogeny, morphological and molecular taxonomy showed that some populations studied were Biomphalaria cousini instead of Biomphalaria amazonica. Three different molecular profiles were observed that enabled the separation of B. amazonica from B. cousini. The third profile showed an association between the two and suggested the possibility of hybrids between them. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the hybridism between B. cousini and B. amazonica and to verify if the hybrids are susceptible to @entity380 . Crosses using the albinism factor as a genetic marker were performed, with pigmented B. cousini and albino B. amazonica snails identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. This procedure was conducted using B. cousini and B. amazonica of the type locality accordingly to Paraense, 1966. In addition, susceptibility studies were performed using snails obtained from the crosses (hybrids) and three @entity383 strains (LE, SJ, @entity1582 ). The crosses between B. amazonica and B. cousini confirmed the occurrence of hybrids. Moreover, hybrids can be considered potential hosts of @entity383 because they are susceptible to LE, SJ and @entity1582 strains (4.4%, 5.6% and 2.2%, respectively). These results indicate that there is a risk of introducing schistosomiasis mansoni into new areas.

title: Hybridism between Biomphalaria cousini and Biomphalaria amazonica and its susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the usefulness in @entity726 screening of scanning laser polarimetry ( @entity9999 -VCC), scanning laser tomography [Heidelberg retina tomograph II (HRT II)], and their combined evaluation. METHODS: In a nonpopulation-based prepublicized trial, self-recruited white @entity1 were screened for @entity726 with @entity9999 -VCC, HRT II, and by independent clinical examination. Cases with possible @entity726 as found with any of the screening methods underwent a detailed clinical investigation to verify or exclude @entity726 . RESULTS: Of the 136 attendees 118 @entity1 (218 eyes) successfully underwent the @entity9999 -VCC and @entity2788 . Twenty-three eyes (11%) of 13 @entity1 had @entity726 . Seventeen of these @entity735 (74%) had early damage. Evaluated separately, the @entity9999 -VCC screening test (borderline cases grouped with the normal cases) performed best with 96.8% specificity, 89.5% accuracy, 7.5 positive likelihood ratio (PLR), but with only 23.8% sensitivity. Accuracy and PLR for all HRT parameters were <86.4% and <3.7, respectively. Combining different threshold criteria, for @entity9999 -VCC accuracy increased to 90.3% to 90.8% and PLR to 14.0 to 17.7; but for HRT no useful increase was seen (accuracy <86.4% and PLR<4.7 for all combinations). Combination of the best HRT and @entity9999 -VCC criteria resulted in a PLR which was increased compared with the HRT combinations, but decreased compared with the @entity9999 -VCC combinations (PLR<12.7 for all combinations). CONCLUSIONS: In this white screening population with relatively high risk for mild @entity16 , a combination of different @entity9999 -VCC criteria was useful for @entity726 screening; but combinations of HRT criteria or combinations of @entity9999 -VCC criteria with HRT criteria were less good for this purpose.

title: Accuracy of scanning laser polarimetry, scanning laser tomography, and their combination in a XXXX screening trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['HRT II measurements']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become the favored reperfusion strategy in acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 . Lower post-PCI myocardial perfusion grade, no-reflow and even drug-eluting stent @entity715 have been related to the presence of intracoronary @entity715 . Adjunctive thrombectomy refers to procedures and devices that remove @entity715 material from the @entity1188 , in theory, before distal embolization can occur. There is substantial variability between randomized controlled trials of thrombectomy in primary PCI with regards to tested devices, procedural characteristics, adjuvant medical regimen and examined outcomes. As a general statement, improvements in myocardial perfusion endpoints do not translate into reductions in clinical outcomes. Yet, an increasing number of trials with a longer follow-up reported benefits arising late after the index @entity583 . Simple aspiration catheters may also produce better outcomes than devices that fragment the @entity715 before aspirating debris. Clinical or angiographic variables which best predict benefits from the use of thrombectomy remain to be defined. The aim of this review is to provide perspective on the conclusions of available trials and meta-analysis of adjunctive thrombectomy in acute @entity583 . Targets for future studies are discussed.

title: Adjunctive thrombectomy in primary percutaneous intervention for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction-related artery']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regular exercise has been associated with a 40%-80% reduction in risk for @entity46 in several case-control studies. However, @entity1 experiencing symptoms prior to their diagnosis may be less likely to exercise than healthy controls, thus biasing the observed association. METHODS: Using data collected from the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective cohort study of premenopausal US nurses that began in 1989, we have attempted to clarify this relation. Data are updated every 2 years with follow-up for these analyses through 2001. In 1989, 1991, and 1997 @entity1 reported average amount of time per week engaging in various physical activities. A metabolic equivalent (MET) score was assigned to each activity, and these were summed to estimate total activity. RESULTS: A total of 102,197 premenopausal @entity1 contributed 996,422 @entity1 -years of follow-up with 2703 cases of laparoscopically confirmed @entity46 . After adjusting for BMI at age 18, current BMI, smoking, parity, @entity249 status, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, and menstrual cycle length and pattern in college, we observed only a slight reduction in the incidence of @entity46 , comparing the highest level of activity (>or=42 MET hours/week) to the lowest (<3 MET hours/week) (rate ratio = 0.89 [95% confidence interval = 0.77-1.03]). The association was limited to @entity1 with no past or concurrent @entity249 (P = 0.002, test for heterogeneity). No associations were seen with inactivity. CONCLUSIONS: In this first prospective assessment, we did not find evidence of the strong inverse association previously reported, although we cannot rule out a modest inverse association.

title: Adult physical activity and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) are remote effects of @entity5 that are not caused by invasion of the @entity5 or its metastases. Immunologic factors appear important in the pathogenesis of @entity16 because antineuronal autoantibodies and T-cell responses against nervous system antigens have been defined for many of these disorders. The immunologic response is elicited by the ectopic expression of neuronal antigens by the @entity5 . Expression of these so-called "onconeural" antigens is limited to the @entity5 and the nervous system and sometimes also the testis. At the time of presentation of the neurological symptoms, most @entity1 have not yet been diagnosed with @entity5 . Detection of @entity8231 antibodies is extremely helpful in diagnosing an otherwise unexplained and often rapidly progressive @entity16 as @entity8231 . In addition, the @entity8231 antibodies may also direct the search for an underlying @entity5 . On the other hand, in @entity1 known to have @entity5 , the presentation of a @entity16 may herald recurrence of the @entity5 or a second @entity5 . The number of @entity8231 antibodies is still growing, and at least seven of these can now be considered well characterized. Based on the clinical syndrome, the type of antibody, and the presence or absence of @entity5 , @entity1 are classified as having a "definite" or "possible" @entity16 . Despite the presumed autoimmune etiology of @entity16 , the results of various forms of immunotherapy have been disappointing, with some exceptions. Rapid detection and immediate treatment of the underlying @entity5 appears to offer the best chance of stabilizing the @entity1 and preventing further @entity16 .

title: Managing @entity8231 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'PNS', 'neurological syndrome', 'Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological disorders']


abstract: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) are remote effects of @entity5 that are not caused by invasion of the @entity5 or its metastases. Immunologic factors appear important in the pathogenesis of @entity16 because antineuronal autoantibodies and T-cell responses against nervous system antigens have been defined for many of these disorders. The immunologic response is elicited by the ectopic expression of neuronal antigens by the @entity5 . Expression of these so-called "onconeural" antigens is limited to the @entity5 and the nervous system and sometimes also the testis. At the time of presentation of the neurological symptoms, most @entity1 have not yet been diagnosed with @entity5 . Detection of @entity8231 antibodies is extremely helpful in diagnosing an otherwise unexplained and often rapidly progressive @entity16 as @entity8231 . In addition, the @entity8231 antibodies may also direct the search for an underlying @entity5 . On the other hand, in @entity1 known to have @entity5 , the presentation of a @entity16 may herald recurrence of the @entity5 or a second @entity5 . The number of @entity8231 antibodies is still growing, and at least seven of these can now be considered well characterized. Based on the clinical syndrome, the type of antibody, and the presence or absence of @entity5 , @entity1 are classified as having a "definite" or "possible" @entity16 . Despite the presumed autoimmune etiology of @entity16 , the results of various forms of immunotherapy have been disappointing, with some exceptions. Rapid detection and immediate treatment of the underlying @entity5 appears to offer the best chance of stabilizing the @entity1 and preventing further @entity16 .

title: Managing XXXX @entity16 .

answer: @entity8231 :: (MESH:D010257,Disease) :: ['paraneoplastic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Defective DNA mismatch repair is commonly present in sporadic manifestations of @entity1204 . The pathognomonic molecular manifestation of this repair defect is @entity124 ( @entity124 ). Here, we test the hypothesis that @entity124 predicts the clinicopathologic features of @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 473 @entity1 treated for @entity1204 at this institution was identified. All cases were reviewed by a gynecologic pathologist, and clinical information was abstracted from medical records. Using consensus criteria, DNA samples from nontumor and @entity5 tissue pairs were genotyped for @entity124 . Associations between @entity124 status and pathologic and clinical variables were assessed. RESULTS: Ninety-three (20%) of 473 @entity5 were @entity124 +. In the @entity124 + @entity5 group compared with the @entity5 group, the proportion of advanced compared with early-stage @entity5 was higher (92% v 81%; P = .01), as was the proportion of @entity5 of endometrioid compared with nonendometrioid histologic subtype (94% v 23%; P = .001), and the proportion of @entity5 with @entity3 compared with those with none (92% v 78%; P = .01). By multivariate analyses, disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7) and disease-specific survival (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.8) were significantly improved in @entity1 with @entity124 + @entity5 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1204 , the presence of @entity124 was independently associated with a more favorable clinical outcome.

title: Clinicopathologic significance of defective DNA mismatch repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'gastrointestinal, endometrial, and other cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI- tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report surgical results of @entity2 associated with @entity55 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on morbidity and mortality, and we analyze the risk factors for them and the prognostic factors for overall survival of @entity1 without mortality. RESULTS: Morbidity developed in 13 of the 38 @entity1 (34.2%). Mortality rate was 10.5%. Hemoglobin concentration before surgery and predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second were significantly low in @entity1 with morbidity and mortality based on the univariate analyses. Predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second was a significant risk factor for morbidity based on a multivariate analysis. Poor prognostic factors for overall survival were serum albumin concentration, hemoglobin concentration, and performance status before surgery, combined resection, and pathological stage. Serum albumin concentration was significant based on a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality are high in @entity1 with @entity2 associated with @entity55 . Morbidity demonstrates significant association with low predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second and hemoglobin concentration, indicating the need for preoperative transfusion in severe @entity417 or bronchoplasty if possible. Poor nutritional state before surgery possibly derived from cachexia may influence not only morbidity and mortality, but also prognosis.

title: Surgical results of XXXX associated with @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['postobstructive pneumonia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report surgical results of @entity2 associated with @entity55 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report on morbidity and mortality, and we analyze the risk factors for them and the prognostic factors for overall survival of @entity1 without mortality. RESULTS: Morbidity developed in 13 of the 38 @entity1 (34.2%). Mortality rate was 10.5%. Hemoglobin concentration before surgery and predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second were significantly low in @entity1 with morbidity and mortality based on the univariate analyses. Predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second was a significant risk factor for morbidity based on a multivariate analysis. Poor prognostic factors for overall survival were serum albumin concentration, hemoglobin concentration, and performance status before surgery, combined resection, and pathological stage. Serum albumin concentration was significant based on a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality are high in @entity1 with @entity2 associated with @entity55 . Morbidity demonstrates significant association with low predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second and hemoglobin concentration, indicating the need for preoperative transfusion in severe @entity417 or bronchoplasty if possible. Poor nutritional state before surgery possibly derived from cachexia may influence not only morbidity and mortality, but also prognosis.

title: Surgical results of @entity2 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['postobstructive pneumonia']