abstract: The objective of the study was to measure the utilization and diagnostic value of tests used in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) on @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity812 . Specific goals were to measure how often these tests led to changes in diagnosis or disposition, which tests were most commonly used, and which tests providers considered most helpful. We conducted a pilot single-center, prospective descriptive study, enrolling all eligible adult @entity1 who presented to our @entity341 with @entity812 during defined hours of our intake period. Based on serial provider interviews pre- and post-testing, we measured the frequency of change of most likely diagnosis and disposition, which tests were performed, and the provider-perceived value of tests. We enrolled 124 subjects with a mean age of 44 years; 27% were admitted. Testing led to a change in most likely diagnosis in 37% of subjects, and in disposition in 41%. Frequency of diagnostic test use varied from a high of 93% for CBC to 6% for a blood or urine culture. Overall, 65% of @entity1 had at least one imaging study performed, and 39% had an abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan. Over all subjects, providers identified the most useful tests as the CT scan (31%) and urinalysis (17%). In conclusion, among @entity341 @entity1 who presented with @entity812 to one @entity4207 center, the pre-test most likely diagnosis and disposition were changed based on the @entity341 evaluation in over one-third of subjects. Almost all received blood tests and two-thirds received one or more imaging studies. Based on providers' subjective opinions, the most valuable tests were the abdomino/pelvic CT scan and the urinalysis.

title: Use of diagnostic testing in the emergency department for XXXX presenting with non-traumatic abdominal pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['non-traumatic abdominal or flank pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The study was carried out to analyze peripheral blood covering 23 @entity1 with prevalent phases of @entity978 received no treatment previously. The clinical analysis of blood was implemented using hematologic analyzer Sysmex XE-2100. The content of ferritin, soluble receptors of @entity69 and @entity1307 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The free hemoglobin was estimated using hemoglobin cyanide method. The direct Coombs test, counting of leukogram and analysis of morphology of erythrocytes were applied to all @entity1 . The @entity417 is diagnosed in 19 @entity1 (83%). In 18 out of them the @entity751 corresponded to @entity417 and in one @entity1 asiderotic @entity417 was established. The rest of @entity1 had no @entity417 . The @entity417 of @entity102 characterized by microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes, inadequate degree of @entity417 by production of @entity1307 and functional deficiency of @entity68 in most of the @entity1 . It should be emphasized that @entity417 of @entity102 commonly is normocyte normochrome @entity417 whereas in @entity1 with prevalent phases of Hodgkin Iymphoma the microcyte hypochrome @entity417 was detected before the treatment and it was followed by functional deficiency of @entity68 . In @entity1 without @entity751 microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes were marked too. The techniques of laboratory diagnostic objectively reflecting @entity68 metabolism (evaluation of level of soluble receptors of @entity69 andferritin) and appropriate hormonal response to degree of @entity417 (production of @entity1307 ) are to be included into algorithm of treatment of @entity1 . The purpose is to timely detect type of @entity417 with the purpose of its appropriate correction prior to treatment onset.

title: [The characteristics of @entity751 in @entity1 with prevalent phases of XXXX before treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anemia', 'anemia of chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['anemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: The study was carried out to analyze peripheral blood covering 23 @entity1 with prevalent phases of @entity978 received no treatment previously. The clinical analysis of blood was implemented using hematologic analyzer Sysmex XE-2100. The content of ferritin, soluble receptors of @entity69 and @entity1307 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The free hemoglobin was estimated using hemoglobin cyanide method. The direct Coombs test, counting of leukogram and analysis of morphology of erythrocytes were applied to all @entity1 . The @entity417 is diagnosed in 19 @entity1 (83%). In 18 out of them the @entity751 corresponded to @entity417 and in one @entity1 asiderotic @entity417 was established. The rest of @entity1 had no @entity417 . The @entity417 of @entity102 characterized by microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes, inadequate degree of @entity417 by production of @entity1307 and functional deficiency of @entity68 in most of the @entity1 . It should be emphasized that @entity417 of @entity102 commonly is normocyte normochrome @entity417 whereas in @entity1 with prevalent phases of Hodgkin Iymphoma the microcyte hypochrome @entity417 was detected before the treatment and it was followed by functional deficiency of @entity68 . In @entity1 without @entity751 microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes were marked too. The techniques of laboratory diagnostic objectively reflecting @entity68 metabolism (evaluation of level of soluble receptors of @entity69 andferritin) and appropriate hormonal response to degree of @entity417 (production of @entity1307 ) are to be included into algorithm of treatment of @entity1 . The purpose is to timely detect type of @entity417 with the purpose of its appropriate correction prior to treatment onset.

title: [The characteristics of XXXX in @entity1 with prevalent phases of @entity978 before treatment].

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['anemic syndrome']


abstract: The study was carried out to analyze peripheral blood covering 23 @entity1 with prevalent phases of @entity978 received no treatment previously. The clinical analysis of blood was implemented using hematologic analyzer Sysmex XE-2100. The content of ferritin, soluble receptors of @entity69 and @entity1307 was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The free hemoglobin was estimated using hemoglobin cyanide method. The direct Coombs test, counting of leukogram and analysis of morphology of erythrocytes were applied to all @entity1 . The @entity417 is diagnosed in 19 @entity1 (83%). In 18 out of them the @entity751 corresponded to @entity417 and in one @entity1 asiderotic @entity417 was established. The rest of @entity1 had no @entity417 . The @entity417 of @entity102 characterized by microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes, inadequate degree of @entity417 by production of @entity1307 and functional deficiency of @entity68 in most of the @entity1 . It should be emphasized that @entity417 of @entity102 commonly is normocyte normochrome @entity417 whereas in @entity1 with prevalent phases of Hodgkin Iymphoma the microcyte hypochrome @entity417 was detected before the treatment and it was followed by functional deficiency of @entity68 . In @entity1 without @entity751 microcytosis and hypochromia of erythrocytes were marked too. The techniques of laboratory diagnostic objectively reflecting @entity68 metabolism (evaluation of level of soluble receptors of @entity69 andferritin) and appropriate hormonal response to degree of @entity417 (production of @entity1307 ) are to be included into algorithm of treatment of @entity1 . The purpose is to timely detect type of @entity417 with the purpose of its appropriate correction prior to treatment onset.

title: [The characteristics of @entity751 in XXXX with prevalent phases of @entity978 before treatment].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: The role of @entity9694 /2-induced @entity2918 (PG) in unilateral chronic @entity8 of anesthetized @entity235 was examined. METHODS: @entity63 kidneys were established by reducing renal blood flow of left renal artery to 10% of baseline with an adjustable clip. After 4 weeks, changes in intrarenal contents of @entity1421 /PGI2 and angiotensin (Ang) II were evaluated with renal microdialysis and biopsy. Furthermore, the effect of a non-specific COX inhibitor ( @entity10964 ), a @entity4873 -specific inhibitor ( @entity8228 ), and an Ang receptor antagonist ( @entity15632 ) on renal function and renal PG contents were evaluated. RESULTS: Unilateral renal artery clipping reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) in clipped (from 59 +/- 2 to 17 +/- 1 ml/min, n = 18) and nonclipped kidneys (from 59 +/- 2 to 44 +/- 2 ml/min) and natriuresis. Intrarenal @entity1421 increased only in clipped kidneys (from 114 +/- 7 to 375 +/- 25 pg/ml), whereas @entity9077 increased in both kidneys. @entity10964 reduced intrarenal PG contents, and decreased RPF, GFR, and urinary @entity1372 excretion (UNaV), whereas @entity8228 reduced UNaV in clipped (from 4.0 +/- 0.9 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 microEq/min) and nonclipped kidneys (from 5.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.9 +/- 0.3 microEq/min), without affecting renal hemodynamics. Intrarenal Ang II contents increased in clipped (from 0.70 +/- 0.06 to 2.32 +/- 0.33 pg/mg, n = 18) and nonclipped kidneys (from 0.65 +/- 0.06 to 2.45 +/- 0.33 pg/mg, n = 18), and @entity15632 improved renal hemodynamics and natriuresis. The elevated intrarenal Ang II content was suppressed by @entity8228 only in clipped kidneys. CONCLUSION: Unilateral @entity8 elevates intrarenal @entity1421 contents in clipped kidneys, which serves to countervail the aggravation of renal function. Furthermore, intrarenal COX isoforms may play differential roles, with @entity9694 participating in modulation of renal hemodynamics, and @entity4873 contributing to @entity1372 excretion and Ang II formation.

title: Distinct role of intrarenal cyclooxygenase-1/2 in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpyrine', 'Sulpyrine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['unilateral renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To review the multiple factors in intermittent @entity5770 (X(T)) responsible for the discrepancy between the distance and near deviations; to challenge the classification of X(T) into types according to the two standard clinical tests of occlusion of one eye and the use of +3.00 D spherical lenses at near by demonstrating the pitfalls of these two tests, as in X(T), masquerading as high AC/A ratio at times or as strong proximal fusional convergence at other times. METHODS OF STUDY: Fifteen @entity1 demonstrating findings characteristic of X(T) with so-called high AC/A ratio are reported. Fourteen @entity1 had an @entity5770 initially. The fifteenth had become exotropic following medial rectus recessions for infantile @entity5971 . Fourteen @entity1 had bilateral lateral rectus recession and one had unilateral lateral rectus recession. RESULTS: The only @entity1 who did develop a long term postoperative overcorrected high AC/A ratio @entity5971 was the @entity1 who had initially an infantile @entity5971 . Of the other 14 @entity1 @entity1112 (T) none developed a long term postoperative overcorrected high AC/A ratio @entity5971 . Fifty % of these were "cured" (OT +/- @entity52053 ) and 50% had a "significant (> or = @entity52053 ) recurrence" of their @entity5770 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with intermittent @entity5770 and significantly more @entity5770 at distance than at near, and classified to have high AC/A ratio by occlusion of one eye and the use of +3.00 spheres at near, do not necessarily have a high accommodation-convergence relationship but rather, other factors mimicking this high AC/A relationship. They do not necessarily develop a postoperative overcorrected high AC/A ratio @entity5971 .

title: Intermittent XXXX with high AC/A ratio: is it a bane to surgical cure? Some facts and fictions of the two clinical tests: occlusion of one eye and the use of +3.00 spherical lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity52053 :: ('8 delta', 'DNAMutation') :: ['8 delta']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exodeviation', 'exotropia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['initially X']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5770 :: (MESH:D005099,Disease) :: ['exotropia']


abstract: The protein @entity669 phosphatase PTP-Basophil (PTP-Bas) and its @entity19 homologue, @entity70575 ( @entity70575 ), are high molecular mass protein phosphatases consisting of a number of diverse protein-protein interaction modules. Several splicing variants of these phosphatases are known to exist thus demonstrating the complexity of these molecules. PTP-Bas/BL serves as a central scaffolding protein facilitating the assembly of a multiplicity of different proteins mainly via five different PDZ domains. Many of these interacting proteins are implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. However, some proteins demonstrate a nuclear function of this protein @entity669 phosphatase. PTP-Bas is involved in the regulation of cell surface expression of the cell death receptor, Fas. Moreover, it is a negative regulator of ephrinB phosphorylation, a receptor playing an important role during development. The phosphorylation status of other proteins such as RIL, @entity1993 and @entity12401 can also be regulated by this phosphatase. Finally, @entity70575 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cytokinesis, the last step in cell division. Although the precise molecular function of PTP-Bas/BL is still elusive, current data suggest clearly that PTP-Bas/BL belongs to the family of PDZ domain containing proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and of intracellular vesicular transport processes.

title: The protein XXXX phosphatase PTP-Basophil/Basophil-like. Interacting proteins and molecular functions.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated a significant gap between guideline-based recommendations and clinical practice in the management of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in China. AIMS: This study implements a targeted multifaceted quality improvement intervention in @entity64 @entity1 and identifies the feasibility and efficacy of this intervention. DESIGN: This is a multicenter, 2-arm, open-label, cluster-randomized trial involving 40 clusters (hospitals) from China National Network of @entity64 Research. Hospitals are randomized to receive a targeted multifaceted quality improvement intervention (experimental group) or routine standard of care (control group). The multifaceted intervention includes an evidence-based clinical pathway, written care protocols, a quality coordinator, and a monitoring and feedback system of performance measures. The number of enrolled @entity1 in the trial will be 4,800. Primary outcome is the measure of the adherence to @entity64 evidence-based performance measures including the composite measure (defined as the total number of interventions performed among eligible @entity1 divided by the total number of possible interventions among eligible @entity1 ) and the all-or-none measure (defined as the proportion of eligible @entity1 who receive all of the performance measure interventions for which they are eligible). Secondary @entity1 outcomes include @entity204 ; a new vascular event; disability; and all-cause @entity204 at 3, 6, and 12 months after initial symptom onset. All analyses will be performed according to the intention-to-treatment principle and accounted for clustering using generalized estimating equations. CONCLUSIONS: If proven effective, this targeted multifaceted intervention model will be extended nationwide as a model to bridge the evidence-based gap in the @entity64 management in China.

title: Rationale and design of a cluster-randomized multifaceted intervention trial to improve XXXX care quality in China: The GOLDEN BRIDGE-Acute Ischemic Stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['inhospital death', 'death']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Gatherings of large numbers of @entity1 at concerts, sporting events, and other occasions lead to an assembled population with a potential for a wide variety of illnesses and injuries. The collection of large numbers of @entity1 in a single location has led some authors to recommend the placement of resuscitation equipment or other medical services in close proximity to these activities. These recommendations not withstanding, data on the frequency of @entity3124 at mass gatherings (a group exceeding 1000 @entity1 ) are difficult to ascertain. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to describe the incidence of @entity3124 among assembled populations at mass gatherings. An observational prospective study was conducted involving @entity1 encounters at a large, multipurpose, indoor mass-gathering complex in Houston, Texas occurring between September 1, 1996 and June 30, 1997. Demographic, treatment, disposition and diagnostic data were analyzed in a computerized database. Of the 3.3 million attendants to the 253 events analyzed during the 10-month study period, there were 2762 (0.08%) @entity1 encounters. Fifty-two percent were @entity1 . Mean age was 32 +/- 15.6 years. Of these @entity1 , 51.1% were patrons and the remaining @entity1 were employees or contractors of the facility. A wide variety of illness was seen with @entity130 (39.5%), @entity10 (31%), and other medical complaints (29.5%) being most frequent. Disposition of the @entity1 included 95.3% being discharged to go back to the event and 2.2% being counseled to seek other medical attention. One hundred twenty-nine @entity1 (4.7%) were referred to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ); of these, 70 were transferred for abrasions, lacerations, or skeletal injuries and 13 for @entity662 . Of those referred to the @entity341 , 50 (38.7%) @entity1 were transported by ambulance and only 17.4% were admitted to telemetry, with none admitted to an ICU. It is concluded that @entity3124 at mass gatherings is infrequent, as seen in this study, with very few being admitted to telemetry and none to an ICU. Careful consideration of cost-benefit should occur when determining allocation of resources for these activities.

title: XXXX at mass gatherings is uncommon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence suggests that platelet concentrate (PC) could have beneficial therapeutic effects on hard and soft tissue healing, due to the contents of growth factors (GFs) stored in the platelets. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) released from PCs and whole blood (WB), before and after the addition of various concentrations of @entity460 and @entity556 ) to assess the physiological importance of the released GFs on angiogenesis. METHODS: WB and PCs were harvested and prepared from three healthy volunteers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, specific for PDGF-BB, @entity2533 , @entity7 , and @entity540 , were performed on WB and PC supernatants, collected before and 30 minutes after the addition of various concentrations of @entity460 and @entity556 . The supernatants were also added to @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures in order to measure their effects on endothelial cell proliferation. RESULTS: Growth factor concentrations detected in PC supernatants were significantly greater (280% to 800% increase) than concentrations present in WB supernatants. @entity460 and @entity556 induced immediate GF release from PCs in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, PC supernatants led to greater HUVEC proliferation rates than WB supernatants. However, there was no correlation between the concentrations of specific GFs and HUVEC proliferation rates. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PCs could stimulate blood vessel formation. They also reinforce the relevance for using PCs in regenerative therapies.

title: Platelet concentrates: effects of XXXX and @entity556 on endothelial cell proliferation and growth factor release.

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['thrombin', 'thrombin, and 2']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical evidence suggests that platelet concentrate (PC) could have beneficial therapeutic effects on hard and soft tissue healing, due to the contents of growth factors (GFs) stored in the platelets. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) released from PCs and whole blood (WB), before and after the addition of various concentrations of @entity460 and @entity556 ) to assess the physiological importance of the released GFs on angiogenesis. METHODS: WB and PCs were harvested and prepared from three healthy volunteers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, specific for PDGF-BB, @entity2533 , @entity7 , and @entity540 , were performed on WB and PC supernatants, collected before and 30 minutes after the addition of various concentrations of @entity460 and @entity556 . The supernatants were also added to @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures in order to measure their effects on endothelial cell proliferation. RESULTS: Growth factor concentrations detected in PC supernatants were significantly greater (280% to 800% increase) than concentrations present in WB supernatants. @entity460 and @entity556 induced immediate GF release from PCs in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, PC supernatants led to greater HUVEC proliferation rates than WB supernatants. However, there was no correlation between the concentrations of specific GFs and HUVEC proliferation rates. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PCs could stimulate blood vessel formation. They also reinforce the relevance for using PCs in regenerative therapies.

title: Platelet concentrates: effects of @entity460 and XXXX on endothelial cell proliferation and growth factor release.

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 registries capture valid information at the time of @entity5 diagnosis, but often do not conduct longitudinal follow-up evaluations. However, investigators may be interested in questions relating to subsequent relapsed disease. Linking administrative data to registry data, as in the creation of the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) and Medicare data set, can provide the ability to infer the occurrence of relapse in selected situations. METHODS: The authors created different algorithms to detect relapse of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). A retrospective cohort of @entity1 with @entity3052 was identified, and both their billing data and medical records were obtained. The algorithms were then applied to the billing data, the results were compared with medical record review. RESULTS: Eighty-nine @entity1 were identified, of whom 22 were treated for relapsed @entity3052 . The sensitivity of the best algorithm for detecting relapse was 86%, and the specificity 99%, with a positive predictive value of 95% and a negative predictive value of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of relapse from SEER-Medicare data using clinical algorithms is feasible for @entity5 where a majority of @entity1 receive treatment for relapse, without a "watch and wait" strategy, and where that treatment is with a modality that can be detected in billing data (ie, intravenous chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or all three). Optimal analytic situations are ones in which the investigator is mostly interested in positive predictive value, less interested in sensitivity, and wants to evaluate outcomes among those @entity1 who receive treatment for their relapsed disease. However, the accuracy of such an approach for @entity5 other than @entity3052 has not yet been established.

title: Identifying XXXX relapse using SEER-Medicare data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present our long-term experience with intravesical @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) for primary @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 4 males and 2 females 28 to 68 years old (mean age 54) at diagnosis of biopsy proven primary @entity2783 involving the bladder diffusely or extensively in 1 locale. All @entity1 had normal upper urinary tracts. They continued to be symptomatic ( @entity811 in 3, irritative voiding symptoms in 1, and @entity811 and irritative voiding symptoms in 2) despite conventional transurethral destructive therapy. Every 2 weeks they received 30-minute instillations of 50 ml. 50% @entity3733 intravesically for 3 months ( @entity1 1), 6 months (1) and 1 year (4). RESULTS: Therapy failed at 3 and 6 months in 2 @entity1 of whom 1 with a contracted bladder underwent cystectomy and another was stabilized for 1 year with laser therapy. In the remaining 4 @entity1 who were followed for 6 years disease stabilized for 2 to 6 years (mean 3.5) but 3 later required additional therapy including repeat @entity3733 in 1 and laser therapy in 2. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse or locally extensive @entity1494 by primary @entity2783 usually fails to respond to conventional transurethral destructive surgical procedures. Collectively, our experience and the literature suggest that intravesical @entity3733 can be a bladder saving measure and help resolve @entity3885 in some @entity1 . High recurrence rate mandates lifelong cystoscopic surveillance.

title: Primary XXXX : experience with @entity3733 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['localized amyloidosis of the bladder', 'bladder involvement']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['localized amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovesical obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['localized amyloidosis of the bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present our long-term experience with intravesical @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) for primary @entity1494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 4 males and 2 females 28 to 68 years old (mean age 54) at diagnosis of biopsy proven primary @entity2783 involving the bladder diffusely or extensively in 1 locale. All @entity1 had normal upper urinary tracts. They continued to be symptomatic ( @entity811 in 3, irritative voiding symptoms in 1, and @entity811 and irritative voiding symptoms in 2) despite conventional transurethral destructive therapy. Every 2 weeks they received 30-minute instillations of 50 ml. 50% @entity3733 intravesically for 3 months ( @entity1 1), 6 months (1) and 1 year (4). RESULTS: Therapy failed at 3 and 6 months in 2 @entity1 of whom 1 with a contracted bladder underwent cystectomy and another was stabilized for 1 year with laser therapy. In the remaining 4 @entity1 who were followed for 6 years disease stabilized for 2 to 6 years (mean 3.5) but 3 later required additional therapy including repeat @entity3733 in 1 and laser therapy in 2. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse or locally extensive @entity1494 by primary @entity2783 usually fails to respond to conventional transurethral destructive surgical procedures. Collectively, our experience and the literature suggest that intravesical @entity3733 can be a bladder saving measure and help resolve @entity3885 in some @entity1 . High recurrence rate mandates lifelong cystoscopic surveillance.

title: Primary @entity1494 : experience with XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3733 :: (MESH:D004121,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: We designed an investigational study and placebo controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots for treating urinary frequency and urge @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 48 @entity1 43 to 75 years old (mean age 61) with the complaint of urinary frequency and/or urge @entity322 were studied. We applied 15 Hz. repetitive magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots with 50% intensity output for 5 seconds per minute for 30 minutes. Urodynamic investigations during magnetic stimulation were performed in 11 cases to evaluate acute effects for lowering urinary tract function. Another 37 @entity1 were enrolled in a placebo controlled study to investigate short-term effects. The mean number of voids daily, mean urine volume per void, number of leaks for 3 days and quality of life score were evaluated before and 1 week after stimulation. RESULTS: Urodynamic investigations revealed apparent elevation in mean maximum urethral closure pressure plus or minus standard deviation during stimulation in all 11 cases (8.4 +/- 3.6 cm. water, p = 0.00001) and a significant increase in mean bladder capacity after stimulation (58.2 +/- 50.2 ml., p = 0.003). In the placebo controlled study all parameters significantly improved in the active stimulation group. Intergroup comparison showed that mean urine volume per void, mean number of leaks and mean quality of life score improved more significantly in the active than in the sham stimulation group (23.5 +/- 25.6 ml. versus 6.2 +/- 22.5, p = 0.04, 3.6 +/- 4.1 versus 0.4 +/- 1.4, p = 0.04 and 1.4 +/- 1.3 versus 0.4 +/- 0.8, p = 0.01, respectively). No adverse effects were noted in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots may be useful for treating urinary frequency and urge @entity322 .

title: Magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots for the treatment of urinary frequency and urge XXXX : an investigational study and placebo controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cereals are among the major foods that account for @entity56 reactions. Salt-soluble proteins appear to be the most important allergens contributing to the @entity748 response. In contrast, very limited information is available regarding cereal allergens responsible for @entity56 after ingestion of cereal proteins. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergenic reactivity of ingested and inhaled cereal allergens in different ages, in order to investigate if the response to different allergens would depend on the sensitization route. METHODS: We included 66 @entity1 in three groups. Group 1: 40 @entity1 aged 3 to 6 months who suffered from @entity294 , @entity391 , @entity484 or @entity353 after the introduction of cereal formula in their diet and in which a possibility of @entity66 was discarded. Group 2: 18 adults with @entity5419 due to cereals tested by prick tests, specific IgE and food challenge. Group 3: eight @entity1 previously diagnosed as having @entity8060 . Sera pool samples were collected from each group of @entity1 and IgE immunoblotting was performed. RESULTS: We found an important sensitization to cereal in the 40 @entity1 . The most important allergens were @entity3505 followed by @entity2247 and rye. Among the adults with @entity566 , sensitization to other allergens was common, especially to @entity5369 (rye grass) pollen. Immunoblotting showed similar allergenic detection in the three groups. CONCLUSION: Clinically significant reactivity to cereal may be observed in early life. Inhalation and ingestion routes causing @entity566 seem to involve similar allergens. The diet control was more effective in @entity1 . The possibility of @entity566 after the introduction of cereal formula during the lactation period should not be underestimated.

title: XXXX after ingestion or inhalation of cereals involves similar allergens in different ages.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['cereal allergy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["baker's asthma"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'food hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['Lolium perenne']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The choice of surgical strategy for @entity1 with @entity420 of the oesophagogastric junction is controversial. This study was performed to analyse the surgical results of a 20-year experience with these lesions. METHODS: From January 1981 to January 2001, 126 @entity1 with @entity420 underwent resection in the authors' institution. The treatment of choice was oesophagectomy for @entity5 , and extended gastrectomy for @entity75 . Morbidity, mortality and survival were determined retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (44.4 per cent) had @entity5 , 44 (34.9 per cent) type II and 26 (20.6 per cent) type III. Primary resection was performed in 113 @entity1 (89.7 per cent). Oesophagectomy with resection of the proximal stomach was carried out in 65 @entity1 (51.6 per cent) and extended total gastrectomy with transhiatal resection of the distal oesophagus in 61 (48.4 per cent). In-hospital mortality and morbidity rates were 4.8 and 34.1 per cent respectively. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 40.9 and 25.1 per cent respectively, and were not affected by the surgical approach. Survival was significantly associated with R0 resection, pathological node-positive category, @entity260 and @entity5 differentiation. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality, morbidity and long-term survival did not appear to be affected by surgical approach. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the equivalence between transthoracic and transabdominal approaches.

title: Surgical management of and long-term survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type I tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['type II and III lesions']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the cardia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive variables such as negative self-evaluations have been discussed as vulnerability factors for @entity308 . In the context of @entity162 dysfunctional cognitive structures have received little interest as these @entity1 seem to be less disturbed during the euthymic interval than @entity1 with @entity308 . METHODS: In the present study, the self-esteem of remitted @entity1 with DSM-III-R diagnosis of @entity308 (n=20), @entity162 (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20) was measured with the Frankfurt Self-concept Scale (FSKN). RESULTS: 1) Statistical analysis by analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences as to age, sex, etc. between the psychiatric groups. The clinical groups showed lower self-esteem ratings in comparison to healthy controls. 2) Four groups (T1-T4) of remitted @entity1 with @entity162 (20 in each group) were successfully maintained on mood stabilizers ( @entity1091 or @entity2049 ) and classified by the duration of their episode-free period. T1 included those who were episode-free for only the week before discharge from hospital. T2 were symptom-free for <30 months. T3 were episode-free for >30 months and <60 months. T4 were episode-free for >60 months. The comparison of their FSKN self-esteem ratings by ANOVA suggests that self-esteem improves during successful prophylactic treatment. A posteriori contrasts indicate a normalized self-esteem after a bipolar episode-free period of at least 47 months. CONCLUSIONS: Dysfunctional cognitions can be demonstrated in unipolar as well as in bipolar @entity1 . Successful episode-preventive medication with mood stabilizers seems to counteract lowered self-esteem. Adjunctive cognitive therapy might help to optimize the long-term course of @entity162 .

title: The influence of successful prophylactic drug treatment on cognitive dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'depressive syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorders']


abstract: Augmentation mammaplasty has become more popular in Taiwan. Therefore, clinical imaging is necessary to evaluate those @entity1 who develop @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of @entity1558 after augmentation mammaplasty by means of mammography and sonography. A retrospective follow-up study and analysis of diagnostic methods including mammography, sonography, physical examination, and aspiration cytology was conducted on 105 @entity1 who underwent augmentation mammaplasty at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between 1989 and 2001. A total of 105 @entity1 were identified in this study, and mean follow-up was 4 years. Two @entity5 from 8 @entity5 @entity1 were visible on standard mammograms, and seven @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity5 by sonography. One of 15 @entity0 was interpreted as a suspected @entity5 , and 7 @entity5 were interpreted as normal findings on mammograms. Fourteen of 15 @entity0 were diagnosed correctly except for one suspicious case examined by sonography. Sonography showed the highest rate of diagnostic accuracy (91.3%) and mammograms had the lowest rate (73.9%). The accuracy rate of physical examination was 73.9%, and aspiration cytology was 90.0% accurate. This study affirms that sonography is a more useful diagnostic tool than mammography in Taiwanese @entity1 who have undergone augmentation mammaplasty.

title: Comparison between sonography and mammography for XXXX diagnosis in oriental @entity1 after augmentation mammaplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'benign breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Augmentation mammaplasty has become more popular in Taiwan. Therefore, clinical imaging is necessary to evaluate those @entity1 who develop @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection of @entity1558 after augmentation mammaplasty by means of mammography and sonography. A retrospective follow-up study and analysis of diagnostic methods including mammography, sonography, physical examination, and aspiration cytology was conducted on 105 @entity1 who underwent augmentation mammaplasty at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between 1989 and 2001. A total of 105 @entity1 were identified in this study, and mean follow-up was 4 years. Two @entity5 from 8 @entity5 @entity1 were visible on standard mammograms, and seven @entity5 were diagnosed as @entity5 by sonography. One of 15 @entity0 was interpreted as a suspected @entity5 , and 7 @entity5 were interpreted as normal findings on mammograms. Fourteen of 15 @entity0 were diagnosed correctly except for one suspicious case examined by sonography. Sonography showed the highest rate of diagnostic accuracy (91.3%) and mammograms had the lowest rate (73.9%). The accuracy rate of physical examination was 73.9%, and aspiration cytology was 90.0% accurate. This study affirms that sonography is a more useful diagnostic tool than mammography in Taiwanese @entity1 who have undergone augmentation mammaplasty.

title: Comparison between sonography and mammography for @entity0 diagnosis in oriental XXXX after augmentation mammaplasty.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The monoclonal antibody HISL-19 was originally generated after immunizing BALB/c @entity19 with @entity1 islet cells. We used this antibody to study a wide variety of neuroendocrine (NE) and non-NE @entity5 by immunohistochemical, immunoelectron microscopic, and biochemical (Western blotting) techniques. Of the @entity259 , HISL-19 specifically immunoreacted with @entity189 of the thyroid (MCT); of the @entity788 , it reacted with @entity4294 and a @entity7581 ; of the @entity5 , it reacted with @entity1911 . HISL-19 showed particularly strong immunoreactivity to a gross granular material at the perinuclear area in the MCT and @entity5 but not in the benign @entity1911 , although the latter cells showed a faint and homogenous positive reactivity in the cytoplasm. The strongly HISL-19-positive material was found to consist of newly synthesized antigenic proteins with a molecular weight between 60 and 65 kilodaltons (kDa) by Western blotting. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed that this antigenic protein was located in the secretory granules that appear markedly in @entity5 , usually located close to the nucleus. Thus, HISL-19 is a useful and specific marker for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of NE cell @entity5 . The specific antigenic proteins of HISL-19 were defined in MCT and @entity5 . These proteins are speculated to be actively synthesized and more highly produced in the secretory granules of @entity5 than benign ones. Thus, a preoperative immunohistochemical study using HISL-19 might be useful for predicting the grade of @entity5 and thus help determine an appropriate operative procedure, in addition to being a useful marker of @entity8799 .

title: Immunohistochemical, biochemical and immunoelectron microscopic analysis of antigenic proteins on XXXX using monoclonal antibody HISL-19.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell tumors such as insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of endocrine malignant tumors', 'adrenal tumors', 'malignant pheochromocytoma', 'malignant endocrine tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

answer: @entity8799 :: (MESH:D018358,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine cell tumors']


abstract: @entity8426 is a very uncommon @entity5 (<1% of @entity259 ) characterized by severe local course and rapid metastatic dissemination and very poor prognosis. We report the case of an 84-year-old @entity1 hospitalized for expiratory @entity1353 , severe @entity3147 and @entity1282 leading to @entity281 . She had a voluminous (20 cm) extra-thoracic @entity5651 with a considerable superficial venous pattern that had developed on an old @entity5651 before growing recently. @entity787 and @entity175 levels were normal. The cervical-thoracic CT demonstrated a partially necrosed heterogeneously hypodense @entity5 compressing the esophagus and the @entity825 with displacement of adjacent structures which were not directly invaded. Large areas of @entity39 and a probable metastatic image measuring 3 cm in the right median pulmonary lobe were observed. Macrobiopsy disclosed grade 3 @entity242 . Complete resection delivered a 3.170 kg @entity5 . Histology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity242 without neoplastic extension. Apart from right recurrent palsy, the initial post-operative period was satisfactory and the @entity1 was discharged. Four and a half months later she was rehospitalized with local recurrence with a large metastatis in the right lung. She died two weeks later.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infection']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcoma of the thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing disorders']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'right-neck goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma of the thyroid gland']


abstract: PURPOSE: The metabolic peturbations of @entity6 cause functional and structural changes in the retinal microvasculature which are termed @entity6 . Exposure of the eye to ionising @entity1161 results in @entity989 with a clinical manifestation known as @entity989 . Anecdotal studies have suggested that exposure to even low levels of ionising @entity1161 may accelerate development of pathological changes in the retinal vessels of @entity1 with @entity6 . This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that the combination of a high ambient @entity413 environment (mimicking hyperglycaemia and @entity6 ) along with exposure to ionising @entity1161 would result in more accentuated damage to cultured @entity989 . METHODS: Retinal microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes were propagated for 5 days in either 5 mM (euglycaemia) or 15 mM (hyperglycaemia) @entity413 . Cells were irradiated with 250, 500 or 1000 cGy of ionising @entity1161 using a 6 MV beam photon accelerator which was used for radiotherapy. Similarly treated but unirradiated cells were used as controls. DNA damage was assessed using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. RESULTS: Unirradiated control cells pre-exposed to @entity413 at either 5 mM or 15 mM for 5 days showed no significant difference in mean percentage tail DNA representing damage. However, in both pericytes and endothelial cells exposed to ionising @entity1161 , cells cultured in 15 mM @entity413 showed significantly higher levels of DNA damage compared with those cultured in 5 mM @entity413 , with maximal differences being seen at the higher @entity1161 doses (500 and 1000 cGy). CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that retinal microvascular cells cultured in high @entity413 express more DNA damage when exposed ionising @entity1161 . These findings have important implications for the management of @entity1 with @entity6 if they require radiotherapy for @entity5 .

title: The effects of high ambient XXXX on the radiosensitivity of retinal microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular damage', 'retinal vascular cells', 'radiation retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the role of the superior rectus bridle suture in the development of post @entity231 . METHODS: We compared the incidence of @entity86 in two groups of @entity1 undergoing @entity231 extraction. In the first group (32 @entity1 ), a temporal corneal approach was employed with no superior rectus bridle suture. In the second group (38 @entity1 ), a superior approach with a bridle suture was used. Both groups of @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification with the use of peribulbar anaesthesia, a pressure lowering device and a speculum. We recorded the lid position at least 12 weeks following surgery and determined the degree of @entity86 . Two-sided Fischer's Exact Test was used to test for significant difference between the two groups (using a statistical software package Instat Version 3.0 for Windows). RESULTS: Taking 2 mm of @entity1736 as a significant change, 11.5% of those undergoing temporal section sustained @entity86 whilst it occurred in 12.9% of those who underwent a superior approach. CONCLUSIONS: The presence or absence of the superior rectus bridle suture and the site of the ocular wound do not significantly contribute to the incidence of @entity86 . We would suggest that the causative factors are peribulbar anaesthesia, a pressure lowering device and the use of the speculum.

title: XXXX --the bridle suture factor?

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ptosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'cataract blepharoptosis']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['Surgical blepharoptosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To survey clinical visual function including quantitative manual perimetry results in a group of @entity1 taking @entity5305 ; to assess the severity of any field defects; to tabulate cumulative and daily doses of medication and to assess possible changes in visual function over time. METHOD: A prevalence study of 100 out of 183 @entity1 currently attending a tertiary referral @entity302 centre who were taking or had recently discontinued @entity5305 (duration 83-3570 days; mean 1885 days) as part of combination anticonvulsant therapy. Complete neuro-ophthalmic examination including Goldmann kinetic perimetry was performed and monocular @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) to the I/4e isopter calculated. @entity1 were followed up at 6-monthly intervals for not less than 18 months. RESULTS: Acuity and colour vision remained stable in all @entity1 regardless of changes in visual fields. Twenty per cent of @entity1 had significant constriction of their visual field defined as a monocular @entity4542 of 30 degrees or less. Males were significantly more likely to be severely affected than females (P < 0.01). Twenty one @entity1 were followed after discontinuing @entity5305 treatment. Only three of these showed a change in @entity4542 of 10 degrees or more with two deteriorating and one improving. No correlation between treatment duration or cumulative dosage/kg and the severity of defects could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier reports of a high prevalence of both moderate and more serious field defects were confirmed in @entity1 taking @entity5305 but not in @entity302 @entity1 taking other anti-convulsants. We found no evidence of progression or resolution of @entity227 on discontinuing the drug, and no relationship between dose history and @entity227 . An @entity137 retina may underlie the pathogenesis of the @entity227 in some @entity1 .

title: @entity5305 associated XXXX : a clinical audit to study prevalence, drug history and effects of drug withdrawal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss', 'visual field defects', 'visual deficit field loss']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['idiosyncratic drug reaction within the neurosensory']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'mean radial degrees']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: To survey clinical visual function including quantitative manual perimetry results in a group of @entity1 taking @entity5305 ; to assess the severity of any field defects; to tabulate cumulative and daily doses of medication and to assess possible changes in visual function over time. METHOD: A prevalence study of 100 out of 183 @entity1 currently attending a tertiary referral @entity302 centre who were taking or had recently discontinued @entity5305 (duration 83-3570 days; mean 1885 days) as part of combination anticonvulsant therapy. Complete neuro-ophthalmic examination including Goldmann kinetic perimetry was performed and monocular @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) to the I/4e isopter calculated. @entity1 were followed up at 6-monthly intervals for not less than 18 months. RESULTS: Acuity and colour vision remained stable in all @entity1 regardless of changes in visual fields. Twenty per cent of @entity1 had significant constriction of their visual field defined as a monocular @entity4542 of 30 degrees or less. Males were significantly more likely to be severely affected than females (P < 0.01). Twenty one @entity1 were followed after discontinuing @entity5305 treatment. Only three of these showed a change in @entity4542 of 10 degrees or more with two deteriorating and one improving. No correlation between treatment duration or cumulative dosage/kg and the severity of defects could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Earlier reports of a high prevalence of both moderate and more serious field defects were confirmed in @entity1 taking @entity5305 but not in @entity302 @entity1 taking other anti-convulsants. We found no evidence of progression or resolution of @entity227 on discontinuing the drug, and no relationship between dose history and @entity227 . An @entity137 retina may underlie the pathogenesis of the @entity227 in some @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated @entity227 : a clinical audit to study prevalence, drug history and effects of drug withdrawal.

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['Vigabatrin']


abstract: Dynamic MR imaging provides hemodynamic information about normal and pathologic tissue of the brain. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic MR imaging in the assessment of @entity5 vascularity and the @entity5 tissue blood flow of @entity1653 . We studied 13 @entity1 with @entity1653 using dynamic spin-echo MR imaging. The histological subtypes of @entity1653 were confirmed by the examination of surgical specimens in all @entity1 , and @entity5 were meningothelial in 9 cases, fibrous in 2, transitional in 1, and psammomatous in 1. Serial images were obtained every 18-24 sec for 8 minutes and 30 seconds after rapid injection of @entity7241 . Different parameters (time to peak, maximum of signal intensity and the washout ratio) were calculated directly from signal intensity curves. As an indicator of @entity5 vascularity, microvessel density was counted based on immunohistochemically stained sections and @entity5 tissue blood flow was measured using an xenon-CT system. The maximum of signal intensity corresponded to the @entity5 vascularity. With dynamic MR imaging, the time intensity curves (TI curves) were divided into two patterns; type 1 had a steep increase with a peak and type 2 had a slow increase to a peak followed by plateau. The maximum of signal intensity measured from TI curve of dynamic MR imaging correlated significantly with microvessel density (R2 = 0.840, p < 0.0001). Linear regression revealed a significant positive relation between the washout ratio and the @entity5 tissue blood flow in group showed type 1 on TI curve (R2 = 0.961, p < 0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between the time to peak and the @entity5 tissue blood flow (R2 = 0.792, p < 0.01). We suggest that dynamic MR imaging is useful for evaluating hemodynamics of @entity1653 .

title: [Assessment of hemodynamics of XXXX with dynamic MR imaging].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: Tissues from @entity2608 were screened by PCR for the presence of sequences homologous to known adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1-6. DNA spanning entire rep-cap ORFs from two novel AAVs, called AAV7 and AAV8, were isolated. Sequence comparisons among these and previously described AAVs revealed the greatest divergence in capsid proteins. AAV7 and AAV8 were not neutralized by heterologous antisera raised to the other serotypes. Neutralizing antibodies to AAV7 and AAV8 were rare in human serum and, when present, were low in activity. Vectors formed with capsids from AAV7 and AAV8 were generated by using rep and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) from @entity4700 and were compared with similarly constructed vectors made from capsids of @entity21481 , @entity4700 , and @entity21481 . @entity19 models of skeletal muscle and liver-directed gene transfer were used to evaluate relative vector performance. AAV7 vectors demonstrated efficiencies of transgene expression in skeletal muscle equivalent to that observed with @entity21481 , the most efficient known serotype for this application. In liver, transgene expression was 10- to 100-fold higher with AAV8 than observed with other serotypes. This improved efficiency correlated with increased persistence of vector DNA and higher number of transduced hepatocytes. The efficiency of AAV8 vector for liver-directed gene transfer of factor IX was not impacted by preimmunization with the other AAV serotypes. Vectors based on these novel, nonhuman primate AAVs should be considered for @entity1 gene therapy because of low reactivity to antibodies directed to @entity1 AAVs and because gene transfer efficiency in muscle was similar to that obtained with the best known serotype, whereas, in liver, gene transfer was substantially higher than previously described.

title: Novel adeno-associated viruses from XXXX as vectors for @entity1 gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: Tissues from @entity2608 were screened by PCR for the presence of sequences homologous to known adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1-6. DNA spanning entire rep-cap ORFs from two novel AAVs, called AAV7 and AAV8, were isolated. Sequence comparisons among these and previously described AAVs revealed the greatest divergence in capsid proteins. AAV7 and AAV8 were not neutralized by heterologous antisera raised to the other serotypes. Neutralizing antibodies to AAV7 and AAV8 were rare in human serum and, when present, were low in activity. Vectors formed with capsids from AAV7 and AAV8 were generated by using rep and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) from @entity4700 and were compared with similarly constructed vectors made from capsids of @entity21481 , @entity4700 , and @entity21481 . @entity19 models of skeletal muscle and liver-directed gene transfer were used to evaluate relative vector performance. AAV7 vectors demonstrated efficiencies of transgene expression in skeletal muscle equivalent to that observed with @entity21481 , the most efficient known serotype for this application. In liver, transgene expression was 10- to 100-fold higher with AAV8 than observed with other serotypes. This improved efficiency correlated with increased persistence of vector DNA and higher number of transduced hepatocytes. The efficiency of AAV8 vector for liver-directed gene transfer of factor IX was not impacted by preimmunization with the other AAV serotypes. Vectors based on these novel, nonhuman primate AAVs should be considered for @entity1 gene therapy because of low reactivity to antibodies directed to @entity1 AAVs and because gene transfer efficiency in muscle was similar to that obtained with the best known serotype, whereas, in liver, gene transfer was substantially higher than previously described.

title: Novel adeno-associated viruses from @entity2608 as vectors for XXXX gene therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 from @entity2312 is a life-threatening complication of portal @entity101 . Fundal and isolated @entity2312 are at high risk for @entity548 . In this study, we report our experience with @entity7548 (BC) in @entity1 with large @entity2312 . STUDY: twenty-nine @entity1 (15 male, 14 female) with large fundal varices (active bleed, 5; passive bleed after eradication of esophageal varices, 13; unbled fundal varices with red color sign, 11) underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy with BC. @entity82 was present in 13 @entity1 ; extrahepatic portal @entity432 , in 13; and noncirrhotic portal @entity82 , in 3. @entity7548 after mixing with @entity4831 (1:1) was given to the initial 10 @entity1 and was given in undiluted form to the remaining @entity1 , followed by injection of 0.7 mL of distilled water to rinse the injection catheter. One to three injections (0.5-1 mL) were given until all @entity2312 became hard. All @entity1 were on long-term endoscopic sclerotherapy or variceal ligation programs for eradication of esophageal varices. RESULTS: acute @entity548 was controlled in all five @entity1 with BC injections. Eradication of @entity2312 was achieved in 27 (93.1%) @entity1 (20 @entity1 in 1 session, 4 @entity1 in 2, and 3 @entity1 in 3-6). Rebleeding occurred in three (10.3%) @entity1 who responded to repeat BC injections. Complications related to the procedure occurred in two (6.9%) @entity1 . In one @entity1 , the needle became impacted into the tissue adhesive. This @entity1 died 5 days later because of massive @entity360 . In the other @entity1 , there was distal embolization. CONCLUSIONS: sclerotherapy of @entity2312 with BC is a safe and an effective treatment for control of @entity548 and eradication. The needle should be withdrawn immediately after the BC injection to prevent its impaction into the tissue adhesive.

title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy of gastric @entity548 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate', 'n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity7548 :: (MESH:D004659,Chemical) :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 from @entity2312 is a life-threatening complication of portal @entity101 . Fundal and isolated @entity2312 are at high risk for @entity548 . In this study, we report our experience with @entity7548 (BC) in @entity1 with large @entity2312 . STUDY: twenty-nine @entity1 (15 male, 14 female) with large fundal varices (active bleed, 5; passive bleed after eradication of esophageal varices, 13; unbled fundal varices with red color sign, 11) underwent endoscopic sclerotherapy with BC. @entity82 was present in 13 @entity1 ; extrahepatic portal @entity432 , in 13; and noncirrhotic portal @entity82 , in 3. @entity7548 after mixing with @entity4831 (1:1) was given to the initial 10 @entity1 and was given in undiluted form to the remaining @entity1 , followed by injection of 0.7 mL of distilled water to rinse the injection catheter. One to three injections (0.5-1 mL) were given until all @entity2312 became hard. All @entity1 were on long-term endoscopic sclerotherapy or variceal ligation programs for eradication of esophageal varices. RESULTS: acute @entity548 was controlled in all five @entity1 with BC injections. Eradication of @entity2312 was achieved in 27 (93.1%) @entity1 (20 @entity1 in 1 session, 4 @entity1 in 2, and 3 @entity1 in 3-6). Rebleeding occurred in three (10.3%) @entity1 who responded to repeat BC injections. Complications related to the procedure occurred in two (6.9%) @entity1 . In one @entity1 , the needle became impacted into the tissue adhesive. This @entity1 died 5 days later because of massive @entity360 . In the other @entity1 , there was distal embolization. CONCLUSIONS: sclerotherapy of @entity2312 with BC is a safe and an effective treatment for control of @entity548 and eradication. The needle should be withdrawn immediately after the BC injection to prevent its impaction into the tissue adhesive.

title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy of gastric XXXX with @entity7548 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of surgically correcting @entity1408 and @entity85 in adult @entity1 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although pectus @entity764 are common, many @entity1 progress to adulthood without surgical repair and experience increasing symptoms. There are sparse published data regarding repair of @entity85 in adults. METHODS: Since 1987, 116 @entity1 over the age of 18 years with @entity1408 (n = 104) or carinatum (n = 12) deformities underwent correction using a highly modified Ravitch repair, with a temporary internal support bar. The ages ranged from 19 to 53 years (mean 30.1). Eighty-six @entity1 sought repair after reviewing information regarding @entity85 available on the Internet. Each @entity1 experienced @entity1353 with mild exertion and decreased endurance; 84 had @entity662 with activity; 75 had palpitations and/or @entity591 . Seven @entity1 underwent repair for symptomatic recurrent deformities. The mean severity score (chest width divided by distance from sternum to spine) was 4.8. The sternal bar was removed from 101 @entity1 6 months after the repair without complications. RESULTS: Each of the @entity1 with reduced endurance or @entity1353 with mild exercise experienced marked improvement within 6 months. Chest discomfort was reduced in 82 of the 84 @entity1 . Complications included @entity1143 (n = 7), pneumothorax (n = 2), @entity2396 (n = 2), dislodged sternal bar (n = 3), and mildly @entity2805 (n = 12). Mean hospitalization was 2.9 days; mean @entity190 was 122 mL. @entity158 was mild and of short duration (intravenous analgesics were used a mean of 2.1 days). There were no deaths. With a mean follow-up of 4.3 years, 109 of 113 respondents had a very good or excellent result. CONCLUSIONS: Although technically more difficult than in @entity1 , @entity85 may be repaired in adults with low morbidity, short hospital stay, and very good physiologic and cosmetic results.

title: Repair of @entity1408 and XXXX in 116 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest deformities']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['carinatum deformities', 'pectus deformities']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['carinatum deformities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of surgically correcting @entity1408 and @entity85 in adult @entity1 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although pectus @entity764 are common, many @entity1 progress to adulthood without surgical repair and experience increasing symptoms. There are sparse published data regarding repair of @entity85 in adults. METHODS: Since 1987, 116 @entity1 over the age of 18 years with @entity1408 (n = 104) or carinatum (n = 12) deformities underwent correction using a highly modified Ravitch repair, with a temporary internal support bar. The ages ranged from 19 to 53 years (mean 30.1). Eighty-six @entity1 sought repair after reviewing information regarding @entity85 available on the Internet. Each @entity1 experienced @entity1353 with mild exertion and decreased endurance; 84 had @entity662 with activity; 75 had palpitations and/or @entity591 . Seven @entity1 underwent repair for symptomatic recurrent deformities. The mean severity score (chest width divided by distance from sternum to spine) was 4.8. The sternal bar was removed from 101 @entity1 6 months after the repair without complications. RESULTS: Each of the @entity1 with reduced endurance or @entity1353 with mild exercise experienced marked improvement within 6 months. Chest discomfort was reduced in 82 of the 84 @entity1 . Complications included @entity1143 (n = 7), pneumothorax (n = 2), @entity2396 (n = 2), dislodged sternal bar (n = 3), and mildly @entity2805 (n = 12). Mean hospitalization was 2.9 days; mean @entity190 was 122 mL. @entity158 was mild and of short duration (intravenous analgesics were used a mean of 2.1 days). There were no deaths. With a mean follow-up of 4.3 years, 109 of 113 respondents had a very good or excellent result. CONCLUSIONS: Although technically more difficult than in @entity1 , @entity85 may be repaired in adults with low morbidity, short hospital stay, and very good physiologic and cosmetic results.

title: Repair of XXXX and @entity85 in 116 adults.

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['pectus excavatum']


abstract: There is a strong need for antipruritic substances for treating itch in clinical dermatology. In one recent @entity1 study, topically applied @entity117 has been described to rapidly decrease @entity112 -induced itch. We have established a model for periferally elicited @entity111 by injecting @entity750 into the rostral back area (neck) in @entity35 . Using this model, we aimed to investigate the antipruritic potential of four different salicylic compounds, which all possess different skin penetration characteristics. Eighteen @entity35 were studied for 6 weeks. Prior to @entity750 injections (2 mg/ml, 50 micro l), 10 micro l of test substances was applied to a circular area 18 mm in diameter. The four substances were @entity3785 , @entity70576 , @entity70577 and @entity22743 , all solubilized in @entity39593 to a concentration of 5% w/w. @entity70577 and @entity22743 were previously shown to be slowly absorbed through @entity35 skin in contrast to @entity3785 and @entity70576 . After @entity750 injections, scratching was monitored by video recording for 1.5 h. Compared with the vehicle, a lower number of scratch sequences were seen when @entity70577 (P < 0.001) and @entity22743 (P = 0.005) had been applied. The numbers of scratch sequences were lower with @entity70577 and @entity22743 than with the vehicle throughout the 1.5-h study period. We conclude that topical application of @entity70577 and @entity22743 could suppress @entity750 -induced scratching in rats. The antipruritic effect seems to be related to the slow drug release of the two substances. The results may be clinically relevant as @entity750 induces itch in @entity1 .

title: The effect of topically applied salicylic compounds on XXXX -induced scratching behaviour in hairless @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity39593 :: ('MESH:C040079', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl isosorbide']

entities_list: @entity70576 :: ('MESH:C493238', 'Chemical') :: ['butyl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity70577 :: ('MESH:C026191', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylamine salicylate', 'Diethylamine salicylate']

entities_list: @entity22743 :: ('MESH:C031060', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylamide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: There is a strong need for antipruritic substances for treating itch in clinical dermatology. In one recent @entity1 study, topically applied @entity117 has been described to rapidly decrease @entity112 -induced itch. We have established a model for periferally elicited @entity111 by injecting @entity750 into the rostral back area (neck) in @entity35 . Using this model, we aimed to investigate the antipruritic potential of four different salicylic compounds, which all possess different skin penetration characteristics. Eighteen @entity35 were studied for 6 weeks. Prior to @entity750 injections (2 mg/ml, 50 micro l), 10 micro l of test substances was applied to a circular area 18 mm in diameter. The four substances were @entity3785 , @entity70576 , @entity70577 and @entity22743 , all solubilized in @entity39593 to a concentration of 5% w/w. @entity70577 and @entity22743 were previously shown to be slowly absorbed through @entity35 skin in contrast to @entity3785 and @entity70576 . After @entity750 injections, scratching was monitored by video recording for 1.5 h. Compared with the vehicle, a lower number of scratch sequences were seen when @entity70577 (P < 0.001) and @entity22743 (P = 0.005) had been applied. The numbers of scratch sequences were lower with @entity70577 and @entity22743 than with the vehicle throughout the 1.5-h study period. We conclude that topical application of @entity70577 and @entity22743 could suppress @entity750 -induced scratching in rats. The antipruritic effect seems to be related to the slow drug release of the two substances. The results may be clinically relevant as @entity750 induces itch in @entity1 .

title: The effect of topically applied salicylic compounds on @entity750 -induced scratching behaviour in hairless XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Numerous reports on the inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in @entity1 with atypical @entity714 and right precordial ST-elevation ( @entity1789 ) are based on multicentre studies that have used different stimulation protocols. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the inducibility of @entity1165 in these @entity1 using a uniform protocol. METHODS: In 41 consecutive @entity1 (29 males) showing a pattern of @entity714 and ST-elevation, programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in the right ventricular apex with up to three premature stimuli at sinus rhythm and at four different paced cycle lengths (500, 430, 370, and 330 ms) until refractoriness was reached or reproducible induction of a sustained (>30s) @entity1165 occurred. If a @entity1165 was not reproducibly inducible, the same protocol was repeated in the right ventricular outflow tract. RESULTS: A history of life-threatening events defined as @entity1163 (n=17) or aborted @entity1164 (n=13) was present in 30 @entity1 (73%); 11 individuals were asymptomatic. Inducibility (68%) was similar between symptomatic (n=21, 70%) and asymptomatic @entity1 (n=7, 64%). In 16 (39%) @entity1 , @entity1165 were reproducibly inducible. If @entity1 were only stimulated in the right ventricular apex, inducibility rate decreased to 39%. If only two @entity16257 at two sites were used it was as low as 32%. The mean coupling intervals of the second and third premature stimuli inducing sustained @entity1165 were short: 189+/-21 ms vs 186+/-22 ms, respectively. Forty-four percent of all @entity1 (i.e. 64% of the inducible @entity1 ) had inducible @entity1165 only with coupling intervals shorter than 200 ms. CONCLUSIONS: The stimulation protocol markedly influences the extent of inducibility of @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity714 and ST-segment elevation. These findings question the significance of previous multicentre studies using different stimulation protocols and should have implications for further studies.

title: Electrophysiologic investigation in @entity1789 ; yield of programmed ventricular stimulation at two ventricular sites with up to three XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity16257 :: ('MESH:D005117', 'Disease') :: ['premature beats']

answer: @entity16257 :: (MESH:D005117,Disease) :: ['premature beats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Numerous reports on the inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) in @entity1 with atypical @entity714 and right precordial ST-elevation ( @entity1789 ) are based on multicentre studies that have used different stimulation protocols. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the inducibility of @entity1165 in these @entity1 using a uniform protocol. METHODS: In 41 consecutive @entity1 (29 males) showing a pattern of @entity714 and ST-elevation, programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in the right ventricular apex with up to three premature stimuli at sinus rhythm and at four different paced cycle lengths (500, 430, 370, and 330 ms) until refractoriness was reached or reproducible induction of a sustained (>30s) @entity1165 occurred. If a @entity1165 was not reproducibly inducible, the same protocol was repeated in the right ventricular outflow tract. RESULTS: A history of life-threatening events defined as @entity1163 (n=17) or aborted @entity1164 (n=13) was present in 30 @entity1 (73%); 11 individuals were asymptomatic. Inducibility (68%) was similar between symptomatic (n=21, 70%) and asymptomatic @entity1 (n=7, 64%). In 16 (39%) @entity1 , @entity1165 were reproducibly inducible. If @entity1 were only stimulated in the right ventricular apex, inducibility rate decreased to 39%. If only two @entity16257 at two sites were used it was as low as 32%. The mean coupling intervals of the second and third premature stimuli inducing sustained @entity1165 were short: 189+/-21 ms vs 186+/-22 ms, respectively. Forty-four percent of all @entity1 (i.e. 64% of the inducible @entity1 ) had inducible @entity1165 only with coupling intervals shorter than 200 ms. CONCLUSIONS: The stimulation protocol markedly influences the extent of inducibility of @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity714 and ST-segment elevation. These findings question the significance of previous multicentre studies using different stimulation protocols and should have implications for further studies.

title: Electrophysiologic investigation in XXXX ; yield of programmed ventricular stimulation at two ventricular sites with up to three @entity16257 .

answer: @entity1789 :: (MESH:D053840,Disease) :: ['Brugada syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of @entity2888 resistance in @entity3064 . METHODS: WHONET-5 software was used to analyze the trend of @entity2893 resistance in @entity3064 collected from 1999 to 2001 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Analytical isoelectric focusing was used to measure the pI of the beta-lactamase. Conjugation experiment was used to study the transfer of @entity2893 resistance and plasmid DNA was extracted and purified with Qiagen Plasmid Mini Kit. The homology of the isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Integrase genes and blaIMP-, blaVIM-, blaOXA- genes for resistant isolates were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: @entity2892 resistance in A. baumannii was ranged from 1.8%-8.5%, but only 9 resistant isolates were viable. They were co-resistant to other @entity2888 , @entity5505 , @entity5646 , and @entity801 , and four isolates were resistant to @entity2177 . Impipenem resistance could not be transferred to susceptible strains. No plasmid was extracted. Each isolate produced TEM-1, AmpC, and two enzymes (pI 6.7, 6.0), which can not be inhibited by @entity5152 and @entity798 . Each isolate had class I intergase gene. Nine isolates were all negative for PCR of blaIMP- and blaVIM- genes, but positive for blaOXA-23 specific PCR. Sequencing found 100% homology with blaOXA-23. PFGE found 3 clones (A type: 5 isolates; B type: 3 isolates; C type: 1 isolate). Control isolates ( @entity2892 -susceptible, but @entity5505 , @entity2177 , and @entity801 resistant) were also A clone. CONCLUSIONS: Production of OXA-23 carbapenemase in A. baumannii was one of the main mechanisms of @entity2888 resistance at our hospital. It brings concern that @entity2892 -resistant clone has evoluted from nosocomial multiple-resistant strains.

title: [Mechanism of @entity2888 resistance in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of @entity2888 resistance in @entity3064 . METHODS: WHONET-5 software was used to analyze the trend of @entity2893 resistance in @entity3064 collected from 1999 to 2001 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Analytical isoelectric focusing was used to measure the pI of the beta-lactamase. Conjugation experiment was used to study the transfer of @entity2893 resistance and plasmid DNA was extracted and purified with Qiagen Plasmid Mini Kit. The homology of the isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Integrase genes and blaIMP-, blaVIM-, blaOXA- genes for resistant isolates were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: @entity2892 resistance in A. baumannii was ranged from 1.8%-8.5%, but only 9 resistant isolates were viable. They were co-resistant to other @entity2888 , @entity5505 , @entity5646 , and @entity801 , and four isolates were resistant to @entity2177 . Impipenem resistance could not be transferred to susceptible strains. No plasmid was extracted. Each isolate produced TEM-1, AmpC, and two enzymes (pI 6.7, 6.0), which can not be inhibited by @entity5152 and @entity798 . Each isolate had class I intergase gene. Nine isolates were all negative for PCR of blaIMP- and blaVIM- genes, but positive for blaOXA-23 specific PCR. Sequencing found 100% homology with blaOXA-23. PFGE found 3 clones (A type: 5 isolates; B type: 3 isolates; C type: 1 isolate). Control isolates ( @entity2892 -susceptible, but @entity5505 , @entity2177 , and @entity801 resistant) were also A clone. CONCLUSIONS: Production of OXA-23 carbapenemase in A. baumannii was one of the main mechanisms of @entity2888 resistance at our hospital. It brings concern that @entity2892 -resistant clone has evoluted from nosocomial multiple-resistant strains.

title: [Mechanism of XXXX resistance in @entity3064 ].

answer: @entity2888 :: (MESH:D015780,Chemical) :: ['carbapenems']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate perioperative patterns of @entity2493 and @entity701 secretion rhyme in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS: Eleven male @entity1 scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity1875 (3 mg.kg-1.h-1) and supplemented with @entity3575 (15 micrograms/kg). Blood samples were taken during surgery at specific time-points and every 3 h in the immediate postoperative period and postoperative day 2 and day 3. Plasma @entity2493 and @entity701 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. RESULTS: During surgery, plasma @entity2493 levels were below the minimum sensitivity level but low levels, without circadian variation, were measured during the immediate postoperative period. During postoperative day 2 and day 3, circadian secretion patterns of @entity2493 were present in 10 @entity1 and showed an inverse correlation with light intensity exposed (r = -0.480, P = 0.01). Plasma @entity701 levels in the immediate postoperative period were significantly higher than those before induction of anesthesia (P < 0.01). During postoperative day 2 and day 3, only 3 @entity1 regained circadian secretion of @entity701 . CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that @entity2493 and @entity701 secretion are disrupted during cardiac surgery and in the immediate postoperative period.

title: [Perioperative XXXX secretion rhyme in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery].

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate perioperative patterns of @entity2493 and @entity701 secretion rhyme in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS: Eleven male @entity1 scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity1875 (3 mg.kg-1.h-1) and supplemented with @entity3575 (15 micrograms/kg). Blood samples were taken during surgery at specific time-points and every 3 h in the immediate postoperative period and postoperative day 2 and day 3. Plasma @entity2493 and @entity701 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. RESULTS: During surgery, plasma @entity2493 levels were below the minimum sensitivity level but low levels, without circadian variation, were measured during the immediate postoperative period. During postoperative day 2 and day 3, circadian secretion patterns of @entity2493 were present in 10 @entity1 and showed an inverse correlation with light intensity exposed (r = -0.480, P = 0.01). Plasma @entity701 levels in the immediate postoperative period were significantly higher than those before induction of anesthesia (P < 0.01). During postoperative day 2 and day 3, only 3 @entity1 regained circadian secretion of @entity701 . CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that @entity2493 and @entity701 secretion are disrupted during cardiac surgery and in the immediate postoperative period.

title: [Perioperative @entity2493 secretion rhyme in XXXX undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report a case of @entity418 infiltrating the left main bronchus in which radical esophagectomy with clear surgical margins could be performed after preoperative radiochemotherapy. The @entity1 was a 57-year-old @entity1 , who was found to have @entity1721 of the middle thoracic esophagus during a work-up of @entity1282 . Bronchoscopy revealed an elevated region protruding into the lumen of the left main bronchus. After radiochemotherapy (liniac irradiation + low-dose FP therapy), the esophageal and @entity2488 became smaller. The case was evaluated as a clinically complete response. Bronchoscopic ultrasonography showed a clear boundary between the membranous portion of the @entity825 and the esophageal wall. Based on these findings, the lesion was considered resectable and radical surgery, including 3-field lymph node dissection, was performed. The resected esophageal specimen had @entity5 covered with normal mucosa. However, the @entity1 is currently healthy with no evidence of disease. The indication for surgical resection in cases of @entity418 with contiguous spread, and a good response to preoperative radiochemotherapy, is controversial. It is necessary to verify the effectiveness of surgical resection, as a secondary treatment, by accumulating data on cases such as the present one.

title: [Resection of XXXX infiltrating the left main bronchus following complete response to preoperative radiochemotherapy--a case report].

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer cells in the muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antigenicity of the peptide vaccine HDS from @entity6586 glucosyltransferase and its ability to induce protective immune responses in an experimental @entity35 model of @entity1547 . METHODS: Artificial antigen HDS-KLH, peptide HDS, glycosyltransferase were injected to immunize @entity35 . Measurement of the specific anti-HDS, GTF IgG or IgA concentration in saliva and serum were undertaken by ELISA among the experimental groups. Gnotobiotic @entity35 model was developed when challenged @entity6586 and a caries promoting diet. The jaws of the @entity35 were selected and dyed. The Keyes caries score for each jaw were counted. RESULTS: The level of serum and salivary specific anti-HDS IgG and IgA in the group immunized by HDS-KLH was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). The Keyes caries score of GTF, HDS and HDS-KLH immunized group were significantly lower than that of control group, especially lower in smooth tooth surface. CONCLUSION: Artificial antigen HDS-KLH could induce immune response. As a peptide vaccine, HDS-KLH could reduce the caries incidence in experimental @entity35 model.

title: [The study of peptide vaccine HDS from XXXX glucosyltransferase].

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity5 mortality among main subgroups of workers employed in VC/ @entity2634 production potentially exposed to toxics and carcinogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reanalyzed the mortality of 1,658 males (follow up 1972-1995; 35,626 @entity1 years; 170 @entity204 ) by Poisson regression, adjusting for age, age at hiring, calendar period, length of exposure and latency. We calculated the relative risks (RR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for @entity2634 baggers (n. = 197), @entity2634 compound (n. = 403) and autoclave (n. = 209) workers. As an internal reference we used two groups of workers: technicians and employees (main reference: n. = 202 subjects), with the group of other blue collar workers (n. = 639) added for statistical purposes only (minor reference: n. = 841 subjects). RESULTS: Pooling the four subgroups of exposed workers, the comparison with the main reference group allowed us to detect increased mortality from all causes of @entity204 (RR = 2.09; CI = 1.09-4.00; 160 @entity204 ), all @entity5 (RR = 1.53; ns; 81 @entity204 ), @entity2 (RR = 2.05; ns; 29 @entity204 ) and @entity65 (RR = 3.57; ns; 29 @entity204 ). The analysis for each specific subgroup revealed increased mortality from all causes of @entity204 among both @entity2634 baggers (RR = 2.66; CI = 1.27-5.59) and @entity2634 compound workers (RR = 2.68; CI = 1.36-5.27). Comparison of the minor reference group with the overall population of exposed workers showed increased RRs for other diseases, namely, @entity96 (RR = 4.08; ns; 9 @entity204 ), @entity706 and @entity1778 (RR = 2.97; ns; 7 @entity204 ) and @entity1575 (RR = 3.30; ns; 11 @entity204 ). The analysis for each specific subgroup revealed significantly increased RR for all @entity5 among @entity2634 compound workers (RR = 1.74; CI = 1.06-2.85), for @entity2 among @entity2634 baggers workers (RR = 3.04; CI = 1.15-7.99) and for @entity96 (RR = 9.57; CI = 1.69-54.1) and @entity1575 (RR = 6.32; CI = 1.37-29.07) among autoclave workers. In addition, the two @entity204 from @entity1313 were observed among @entity2634 compound workers. CONCLUSIONS: To highlight the risk previously reported in the literature and to reduce the possible dilution effect (due to comparison bias, healthy worker effect), it proved methodologically pivotal to separate exposed and probably unexposed workers (considered as an internal reference group).

title: [Reanalysis of mortality in a petrochemical plant producing vinyl chloride and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2634 :: (MESH:D011143,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl chloride']