abstract: BACKGROUND: The improvement of medical education is at the center of efforts to reform the studies of medicine. Furthermore, an excellent teaching program for students is a quality feature of medical universities. Besides teaching of disease-specific contents, the acquisition of interpersonal and decision-making skills is important. However, the cognitive style of senior physicians leading to a diagnosis cannot easily be taught. Therefore, the following study aimed at examining whether specific training in iterative hypothesis testing (IHT) may improve the correctness of the diagnostic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one medical students in their 9th-11th terms were randomized to medical teaching as usual or to IHT training for 4  weeks. The intervention group received specific training according to the method of IHT. All students were examined by a multiple choice (MC) exam and additionally by simulated @entity1 (SP). The SPs were instructed to represent either a @entity1 with @entity308 and comorbid @entity148 and substance use disorder ( @entity3419 ) or to represent a @entity1 with @entity308 , @entity3119 and acute suicidal tendencies ( @entity11548 ). RESULTS: All students identified the diagnosis of @entity308 in the SPs, but IHT-trained students recognized more diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, IHT-trained students recognized acute suicide tendencies in @entity11548 more often and identified more comorbid @entity146 . The results of the MC exam were comparable in both groups. An analysis of the satisfaction with the different training programs revealed that the IHT training received a better appraisal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results point to the role of IHT in teaching diagnostic skills. However, the results of the MC exam were not influenced by IHT training. Furthermore, our results show that students are in need of training in practical clinical skills.

title: [Training in iterative hypothesis testing as part of XXXX education. A randomized study].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the preoperative diagnostic modalities and aggressive operating management as well as the determination of benefit of preop embolization on the course of @entity10470 ( @entity10470 ). Between 1975 and 1993, 14 @entity1 were treated for @entity10470 in our department. The preoperative evaluation included angiography (14/14, 100%), Duplex scanning (6/14, 43%), and CT scanning (9/14, 64%). @entity5 (36%) were type I, four (28%) type II, and five (36%) type III, according to the Shamblin classification. In twelve cases the @entity5 were successfully excised without ligation of the external carotid artery. One of these @entity1 , who had a very large @entity5 , underwent preop embolization. In two @entity1 the @entity5 were found to extend intracranially, and the @entity1 were referred for radiation therapy. There were no deaths or cerebrovascular complications. Temporary @entity128 was noted in two cases. The pathology report revealed @entity1823 without any evidence of @entity5 . Follow up of @entity1 (6 months-18 years) showed no recurrence of the @entity5 in the operated cases and local recurrence in the radiation group. CONCLUSION: 1. Arteriography remains the golden standard for diagnosis of @entity10470 . Tripplex scanning and CT are helpful for postop follow-up. 2. Surgical removal is the ideal treatment. @entity887 is helpful in diminishing intraoperative blood requirements. 3. @entity10470 , although benign, should be treated as soon as it is diagnosed, before difficulty in excision arises.

title: Changing trends in management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative embolization']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body tumor', 'CBT']

answer: @entity10470 :: (MESH:D002345,Disease) :: ['carotid body tumors']


abstract: In the setting of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), laparoscopic approaches have been avoided because of the often fragile intestinal tissue, thickened mesentery, @entity3147 , immunosuppression, and the presence of dense adhesions. In this article, we report 10 successfully managed laparoscopic cases in @entity29 @entity1 (five with @entity31 , five with @entity30 ). @entity1 with @entity31 underwent total abdominal colectomies, mucosal proctectomies, J-pouch construction, and diverting ileostomies. Procedures in @entity1 with @entity30 included ileocecectomy (3), sigmoid colectomy with takedown of a transverse @entity694 (1), and stricturoplasty (1). One of the 10 cases was converted to an open technique for technical reasons. Six of the 10 @entity1 were on high dose corticosteroids for disease control. Hospital stay ranged from 6-13 days, with a median of 7 days. The morbidity rate was 20 per cent, and included one case of mild @entity86 in a @entity30 @entity1 and one delayed @entity292 in an @entity31 @entity1 . There was no mortality. Based on these results, we conclude that laparoscopic intestinal surgery is both feasible and safe in selected @entity1 with @entity29 . Use of laparoscopic techniques in these @entity1 may reduce hospital stay, lessen adhesion formation, and improve cosmetic results in this generally young group of @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['peri-ileostomy fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our learning experience using an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) probe to guide endovascular aortic procedures. METHODS: Between November 1999 and July 2001, 17 @entity1 (12 @entity1 ; mean age 73.1+/-2.3 years) underwent endovascular repair of 9 @entity2334 . The most suitable dimensions and configuration of the stent-graft were based on preoperative computed tomographic (CTA) or magnetic resonance (MRA) angiography. Intraoperative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging was obtained using a 9-F, 9-MHz ICE probe, 110 cm in length, inserted through a 10-F, 55 degrees precurved long @entity691 sheath. RESULTS: The endografts were deployed as planned by CTA or MRA. Before stent-graft deployment, interrogation with the ICE probe visualized the aortic arch and descending thoracoabdominal aorta without position-related artefacts and identified the sites of stent-graft fixation. After stent-graft deployment, visualization with the ICE probe detected the need for additional procedures in 8 @entity1 , including 2 incompletely expanded @entity1514 grafts, which were treated with adjunctive balloon angioplasty. In 1 @entity1 , ICE probe interrogation determined that the lesion was inappropriate for endovascular exclusion. CONCLUSIONS: ICE probe interrogation provides accurate information on the anatomy of @entity1514 and @entity1028 and allows rapid identification of attachment sites and stent-graft characteristics. It might be considered as a valid imaging modality for monitoring all phases of endovascular procedures.

title: IVUS guidance of XXXX stent-graft repairs using an intracardiac echocardiography probe: preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic, 6 complex abdominal, and 2 thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic and complex abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: Formation of the @entity3303 metabolite @entity17542 ( @entity17542 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity17542 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity1 . The study include 29 @entity3124 @entity1 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3303 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity17542 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity1 had @entity17542 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity409 . Eleven @entity1 died, 18 @entity1 survived. The group of @entity1 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity17542 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity17542 test can be considered an indicator for @entity409 and predictor of survival in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: XXXX metabolite formation: an indicator for @entity409 and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction', 'impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity17542 :: ('MESH:C001173', 'Chemical') :: ['MEGX', 'monoethyl-glycine-xylidide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lignocaine']


abstract: Formation of the @entity3303 metabolite @entity17542 ( @entity17542 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity17542 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity1 . The study include 29 @entity3124 @entity1 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3303 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity17542 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity1 had @entity17542 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity409 . Eleven @entity1 died, 18 @entity1 survived. The group of @entity1 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity17542 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity17542 test can be considered an indicator for @entity409 and predictor of survival in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: @entity3303 metabolite formation: an indicator for XXXX and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care @entity1 .

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver dysfunction']


abstract: Formation of the @entity3303 metabolite @entity17542 ( @entity17542 ) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare @entity17542 formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit @entity1 . The study include 29 @entity3124 @entity1 who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality > 30%. On day 4, @entity3303 was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and @entity17542 formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the @entity1 had @entity17542 values below 90 micrograms.l-1 indicating @entity409 . Eleven @entity1 died, 18 @entity1 survived. The group of @entity1 with fatal outcome had significantly lower @entity17542 values (median: 23 micrograms.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53 micrograms.l-1, p < 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8 mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9 mg.dl-1, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the @entity17542 test can be considered an indicator for @entity409 and predictor of survival in @entity3124 @entity1 .

title: @entity3303 metabolite formation: an indicator for @entity409 and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Whether smoking-induced @entity55 subsides after smoking cessation is currently a matter of debate. We used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on lung density in @entity1 with @entity1030 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 quit smoking out of 254 current smokers with @entity1030 who were followed with annual CT and lung function tests (LFT) for 2?4 years as part of a randomised placebo-controlled trial of the effect of inhaled @entity4184 on CT-lung density. Lung density was expressed as the 15th percentile density (PD15) and relative area of @entity2415 below -910 HU (RA-910). From the time-trends in the @entity4184 and placebo groups the expected @entity358 at the first visit after smoking cessation were calculated by linear regression and compared to the observed densities. RESULTS: Following smoking cessation RA-910 increased by 2.6% (p = 0.003) and PD15 decreased by -4.9 HU (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, changes were larger in the @entity4184 group than the placebo group (PD15: -7.1 vs -2.8 HU. RA-910 3.7% vs 1.7%). These differences were, however, not statistically significant. The LFT parameters (FEV(1) and diffusion capacity) were not significantly influenced by smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: Inflammation partly masks the presence of @entity2415 on CT and smoking cessation results in a paradoxical fall in lung density, which resembles rapid progression of @entity2415 . This fall in density is probably due to an anti-inflammatory effect of smoking cessation.

title: Rapid fall in lung density following smoking cessation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['CT-lung densities']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The effects of mechanical afferent stimulation of either a hindpaw or a hind @entity551 were studied in anesthetized nonpregnant adult female @entity35 . Ovarian blood flow at the left side was continuously measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter. A mechanical stimulus (by pinching, @entity13391 or pressing) was delivered for 30 s to either a hindpaw or a hind leg, at the right or left side. Pinching of a hindpaw at the right or left side decreased ovarian blood flow 8+/-3% accompanied with an increase in blood pressure. Brushing or pressing of a hindpaw produced no effects on these two parameters measured. Pressing stimulation of a hind leg at the right or left side produced a @entity43 flow 8+/-2% accompanied with a decrease in blood pressure. Pinching or @entity13391 of a hind leg produced no effects on both parameters measured. All @entity43 and blood pressure mentioned above were abolished after severing the @entity2096 at the same side in which stimulation was unilaterally delivered. The blood pressure response, either increased or decreased depending on the stimulus modality and location stimulated, was not influenced by severing of ovarian sympathetic nerves. However, the decrease response in ovarian blood flow following pinching of a hindpaw reversed to the increase response, while the decrease response in ovarian blood flow following pressing of a hind leg was slightly augmented. The activity of sympathetic nerves innervating the ovary was increased during pinching of a hindpaw of either side, and decreased during pressing of a hind leg of either side. Electrical stimulation of the distal part of the severed splanchnic nerve at the left side decreased the left ovarian blood flow, and this response was abolished by intravenous injection of @entity5521 , the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The present results demonstrate that ovarian blood flow increase or decrease passively to responses of an increase or a @entity551 following mechanical afferent stimulation of a hindlimb, and these passive @entity43 are modulated by reflexive activity of ovarian sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerves to attenuate blood pressure-dependent passive @entity2670 .

title: Ovarian blood flow is reflexively regulated by mechanical afferent stimulation of a hindlimb in nonpregnant anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['responses of ovarian blood flow', 'decrease in ovarian blood']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['changes in ovarian blood flow']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral and sciatic nerves']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['leg on ovarian blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure', 'decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: MATISSE is a new endotoxin (ET) adsorption system. It comprises the FRESENIUS hemoadsorption machine 4008 ADS to maintain the extracorporeal circuits and disposables including the MATISSE-adsorber based on macroporous beads immobilized with human serum albumin. In vivo and in vitro experiments with this new compound had shown favourable ET elimination properties. In a first study 19 healthy volunteers were included for the safety and tolerability of the endotoxin adsorber system. One single veno-venous hemoperfusion with this system was performed. Apheresis treatment with the @entity1 albumin immobilized adsorber seems to be safe and well tolerable in healthy volunteers. A slight decrease in platelet count as well as insulin level was observed. No serious adverse events were mentioned. Similar findings were made in an open uncontrolled trial in six @entity1 with suspected Gram-negative @entity295 . Here endotoxin adsorption seems to be safe and well tolerated without adsorber related major adverse events. In the last clinical trial including 145 @entity1 mainly @entity298 @entity1 (104), again no safety concerns were found during the apheresis. Trends in improvement of morbidity and organ dysfunction were found as well as efficient @entity558 removal in @entity298 @entity1 . @entity558 whole blood immunoadsorption is a promising new method. No relevant side effects were observed so far. A large controlled study to prove clinical efficacy in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and confirmed @entity5694 (e.g. @entity298 ) should be necessary.

title: A new endotoxin adsorption device in Gram-negative XXXX : use of immobilized albumin with the MATISSE adsorber.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking may induce pro-inflammatory and pro- @entity715 changes. It is not known whether these abnormalities are caused at least partly by increased @entity1255 levels. We investigated whether lowering @entity1255 by @entity1501 supplementation might reduce the plasma concentration of inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in chronic smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy cigarette smokers (age 37.8+/-2.5 years, mean+/-SEM) were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of @entity1501 5 mg/day or placebo. The following parameters were measured before and after treatment: (1) markers of @entity32 ( @entity1851 , CRP, and white cell count, WCC); (2) @entity1003 screen (Activated Partial Thromboplastin time Ratio, APTR, and International Normalized Ratio, INR); (3) pro- @entity715 markers ( @entity2002 , factor VIII coagulant activity, VIII:C, @entity2880 factor, @entity2881 , and D-dimer). RESULTS: @entity1501 induced a significant reduction in @entity1255 (10.8+/-0.6 vs. 8.2+/-0.5 micromol/l, p<0.001), plasma @entity2002 (3.15+/-0.14 vs. 2.87+/-0.14 g/l, p<0.05), and D-dimer (102+/-44 vs. 80+/-26 microg/l, p<0.05) concentrations. By contrast, no significant changes were observed in CRP (2.2+/-0.7 vs. 1.7+/-0.7 mg/l), WCC (7.2+/-0.5 vs. 6.8+/-0.5 10(9) cells/l), APTR (0.91+/-0.02 vs. 0.93+/-0.02), INR (0.92+/-0.01 vs. 0.91+/-0.01), @entity2881 (103+/-8 vs. 102+/-9 U/dl), and VIII:C (120+/-8 vs. 107+/-8 U/dl) levels. Changes in @entity1501 plasma concentrations were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in @entity2002 (r=-0.48, p=0.01) but not with changes in D-dimer (r=-0.15, p=0.5) levels. Changes in plasma @entity1255 concentrations did not correlate with changes in either @entity2002 or D-dimer. No significant changes in @entity1255 , inflammatory and thrombogenic markers were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity1501 supplementation had no significant effects on inflammatory markers but induced a significant reduction in plasma @entity2002 and D-dimer concentrations in healthy chronic smokers. Thus, @entity1501 might have an anti- @entity715 effect in this high-risk group independent of the @entity1255 lowering effect.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation on inflammatory and thrombogenic markers in chronic smokers. A randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'Folic acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: Macular @entity4 along with @entity63 is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central @entity2994 . Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti- @entity7 treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 @entity1 were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of @entity4 . Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 @entity1 increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, @entity1 receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.

title: Anti- XXXX in treatment of central @entity2994 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['macular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: Macular @entity4 along with @entity63 is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central @entity2994 . Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti- @entity7 treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 @entity1 were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of @entity4 . Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 @entity1 increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, @entity1 receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.

title: Anti- @entity7 in treatment of central XXXX .

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: Currently there is limited information on the indications for the use of cortical allograft for the treatment of @entity3564 on a stable stem. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the treatment and the results obtained in this type of @entity174 and propose a series of criteria for the use of cortical allograft. Between 2003 and 2008 a total of 31 periprosthetic femur @entity174 were treated at our institution. Twelve of them were classified as B1: 6 were treated with a Dall-Miles (Stryker) system plate and 6 with the same plate supplemented with a structural cortical allograft over the medial cortex of the femur ( @entity3918 and @entity3918 -Allo groups, respectively). An evaluation of the clinical and radiologic results was performed in the latest follow-up available. A @entity1 in the @entity3918 -Allo group had @entity397 of a screw and 10 degrees varization; the @entity174 healed despite this and the @entity1 had a satisfactory clinical course. The Oxford Hip Score was 9 points lower in the @entity3918 group compared with the @entity3918 -Allo group, and the EQ-5D health scale was 0.10 better for the @entity3918 group. The @entity3918 -Allo group had a longer hospital stay and more transfusion-related requirements. We think that the @entity1 with clinical or radiologic criteria of osteoporotic bone may benefit from the use of a cortical allograft to favor healing and increase the bone stock. However, those advantages should be weighed considering the higher risk of surgical-related morbidity associated with the surgical insult.

title: [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of Vancouver B1 XXXX and proposed indications for the use of cortical allograft as part of the fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fractures']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fractures']


abstract: Pancreatic exocrine secretion is known to be facilitated by @entity356 via long- and short-route reflexes. In this study, we studied the effects of gastric @entity788 and blood @entity9959 level as well as pancreatic exocrine secretion. Mongrel @entity235 were anesthetized with @entity3652 and thiopental, and immediately decerebrated. This study consisted of two series of experiments. In the first series, efferent discharges in an intra- @entity788 were recorded, and its responses to antral distension were analyzed. In the second series, effects of antral distension on pancreatic exocrine secretion and blood @entity9959 level were observed before and after vagotomy in splanchnicectomized @entity235 . Efferent discharges in a @entity788 were @entity101 . Neither vagotomy nor splanchnicectomy produced obvious changes in the neural response. In splanchnicectomized @entity235 , antral distension elevated blood @entity9959 level and increased pancreatic exocrine secretion. After subsequent vagotomy, these effects were reduced, but the increases were still greater than 50%. These results indicate that the antro-pancreatic short-route reflex plays a significant role in exocrine secretion, and also suggest that @entity9959 release is @entity101 independent of blood @entity413 level.

title: Antro-pancreatic reflexes: long- and short-route reflexes in exocrine and endocrine pancreatic secretion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic nerve branch', 'distension on intra-pancreatic nerve discharges']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased by antral distension']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric antral distension']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine basal levels of cytosolic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) and phagocytic activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) from @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A university-county hospital. MEASUREMENTS: Cytosolic @entity460 levels, @entity855 ( @entity855 ) content, and phagocytosis of PMNLs from @entity1 with @entity2175 and from controls. INTERVENTION: In @entity1 with @entity2175 , we evaluated the effect of treatment with an oral hypoglycemic agent ( @entity5217 ) on [ @entity141 ]i levels, @entity855 content, and the phagocytosis of PMNLs. @entity1 : 22 controls and 34 @entity1 with @entity2175 were examined. Fifteen @entity1 were studied before and after 3 months of treatment with @entity5217 . RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from @entity1 with @entity2175 showed significantly elevated basal levels of [ @entity141 ]i (68 +/- 9.6 compared with 43 +/- 4.9 nmol/L; P < 0.01); reduced @entity855 content (1.30 +/- 0.58 compared with 2.35 +/- 0.45 nmol/10(6) PMNLs; P < 0.01); and @entity73 (117 +/- 21.0 compared with 145 +/- 17.4 micrograms oil/10(7) PMNLs per minute; P < 0.01) compared with controls. There was a direct and significant correlation (P < 0.01, r = 0.80) between [ @entity141 ]i levels in PMNLs and serum @entity413 levels and an inverse correlation between phagocytic ability and [ @entity141 ]i levels (P < 0.01; r = 0.62) as well as between phagocytic activity and fasting serum @entity413 levels (P < 0.01, r = 0.54) in @entity1 with @entity2175 . @entity5217 therapy resulted in significant reduction in fasting serum @entity413 levels; in PMNLs, this treatment resulted in a significant reduction in [ @entity141 ]i levels, a significant increase in @entity855 content, and a significant improvement of phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2175 have elevated [ @entity141 ]i levels in PMNLs. This abnormality is probably induced by @entity4854 and is primarily responsible for the imparied phagocytosis seen in these @entity1 .

title: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in XXXX : abnormalities in metabolism and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired phagocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide', 'Glyburide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Replacement therapy or prophylaxis, has become the standard of care for the treatment of severe @entity447 . To describe bleeding patterns in @entity1 , adolescents and adults on prophylaxis and their observed relationships to times of infusion (during the week and during the day) as well as season of the year. Data from Advate pre-licensure prospective clinical trials from 145 @entity1 with @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) <1%, were used. All @entity1 underwent a 48-h pharmacokinetic study. The 10-65 year group had >=  75 exposure days on fixed prophylaxis (25-40 IU kg(-1) 3-4x per week). Prophylaxis was not fixed but similar for 1-6 year olds. Bleeding patterns were analysed. Overall, 700 @entity548 were observed in 110/145 @entity1 . All were treated with prophylaxis, mean dose 108 IU kg(-1) week(-1) in on average 2.9 infusions (1-6 years), 86 IU kg (-1) week(-1) in 2.7 infusions (10-17 years), and 75 IU kg (-1) week(-1) in 2.6 infusions (18-65 years), respectively. On prophylaxis, median total @entity548 per year were low at 3.1 for @entity1 aged 1-6 years, 3.3 for those aged 10-17 years and 2.1 for @entity1 aged 18-65 years. @entity1 aged 1-6 years had predominantly soft tissue @entity548 (79%). Incidence of @entity548 was not associated with season, but was significantly lower in @entity1 who infused @entity2801 in the mornings: median 0 per year (IQR 0.0-0.4) compared to those who infused later [median 1.8 per year (IQR 0.0-5.2)]. Older @entity1 predominantly experienced joint @entity548 (50% and 62%, respectively). More joint @entity548 occurred during the summer [43 and 46% respectively, (P < 0.01)]. Bleeding patterns in @entity1 on prophylaxis varied according to age. In addition, the 10-65 year olds showed increased bleeding during the summer. After confirmation in prospective studies, this information may be used to improve tailoring of prophylactic treatment.

title: Trends in bleeding patterns during prophylaxis for severe XXXX : observations from a series of prospective clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeds', 'joint bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity71934 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1460 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity10056 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3689 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity367 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity3264 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity10056 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity71934 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( XXXX ) affects @entity1460 Asian rust ( @entity71934 ) spore germination.

entities_list: @entity71934 :: ('170000', 'Species') :: ['Phakopsora pachyrhizi']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity20760 :: ('13443', 'Species') :: ['Coffea arabica']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity20760 :: (13443,Species) :: ['Coffea arabica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity71934 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1460 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity10056 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3689 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity367 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity3264 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity10056 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity71934 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) affects XXXX Asian rust ( @entity71934 ) spore germination.

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian rust ( @entity71934 ) is a common disease in Brazilian @entity1460 fields and it is difficult to control. To identify a biochemical candidate with potential to combat this disease, a new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP) leaves was cloned into the pGAPZa-B vector for expression in @entity10056 . RESULTS: A cDNA encoding a chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) (CaclXIP), was isolated from leaves. The @entity3689 sequence predicts a (b/a)8 topology common to Class III Chitinases (glycoside hydrolase family 18 proteins; GH18), and shares similarity with other GH18 members, although it lacks the @entity367 residue essential for catalysis, which is replaced by @entity3264 . CaclXIP was expressed as a recombinant protein in @entity10056 . Enzymatic assay showed that purified recombinant CaclXIP had only residual chitinolytic activity. However, it inhibited xylanases from Acrophialophora nainiana by approx. 60% when present at 12:1 (w/w) enzyme:inhibitor ratio. Additionally, CaclXIP at 1.5  g/ L inhibited the germination of spores of @entity71934 by 45%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that CaclXIP belongs to a class of naturally inactive chitinases that have evolved to act in plant cell defence as xylanase inhibitors. Its role on inhibiting germination of fungal spores makes it an eligible candidate gene for the control of Asian rust.

title: A new chitinase-like xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) from coffee ( @entity20760 ) affects @entity1460 Asian rust ( XXXX ) spore germination.

answer: @entity71934 :: (170000,Species) :: ['Phakopsora pachyrhizi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 diseases and phenotypes are related to RNA expression, levels of which are influenced by a wide spectrum of genetic and exposure-related factors. In a large genome-wide study of muscle tissue expression, we found that some genes exhibited a bimodal distribution of RNA expression, in contrast to what is usually assumed in studies of a single healthy tissue. As bimodality has classically been considered a hallmark of genetic control, we assessed the genome-wide prevalence, cause, and association of this phenomenon with @entity6 -related phenotypes in skeletal muscle tissue from 225 healthy Pima Indians using exon array expression chips. RESULTS: Two independent batches of microarrays were used for bimodal assessment and comparison. Of the 17,881 genes analyzed, eight ( @entity9164 , @entity1533 , @entity63043 , @entity21661 , @entity11926 , @entity31202 , @entity18203 , and @entity44507 ) were found to have bimodal expression replicated in the separate batch groups, while 24 other genes had evidence of bimodality in only one group. Some bimodally expressed genes had modest associations with pre- @entity6 phenotypes, of note @entity31202 with insulin resistance. Most of the other bimodal genes have been reported to be involved with various other diseases and characteristics. Association of expression with cis genetic variation in a subset of 149 individuals found all but one of the confirmed bimodal genes and nearly half of all potential ones to be highly significant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). The rare prevalence of these bimodally expressed genes found after controlling for batch effects was much lower than the prevalence reported in other studies. Additional validation in data from separate muscle expression studies confirmed the low prevalence of bimodality we observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the prevalence of bimodal gene expression is quite rare in healthy muscle tissue (<0.2%), and is much lower than limited reports from other studies. The major cause of these clearly bimodal expression patterns in homogeneous tissue appears to be cis-polymorphisms, indicating that such bimodal genes are, for the most part, eQTL. The high frequency of disease associations reported with these genes gives hope that this unique feature may identify or actually be an underlying factor responsible for disease development.

title: Bimodal distribution of RNA expression levels in XXXX skeletal muscle tissue.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin inclusions are found in B-cell neoplasms as well as in crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with B-cell @entity1071 . At times, the deposits may be so profound as to obscure the diagnosis and may even lead to misdiagnosis. We report one case of low-grade extranodal @entity706 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions and emphasize the need for immunophenotyping and molecular assay to make the right decision in diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of extranodal @entity1892 with abundant intracellular immunoglobulin accumulation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Asian @entity1 from China presented with a 13-year history of a right shoulder mass with recent ongoing @entity158 . A @entity20392 located in the posterior muscles of the neck was suggested by magnetic resonance imaging, and extended local excision was performed. A biopsy, however, revealed large, isolated rhabdoid cells in a diffuse pattern with mild atypia and eosinophilic cytoplasm. @entity706 were interspersed among these cells. The diagnosis was initially suggested to be @entity4618 . The final diagnosis of @entity706 was made after immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular studies. CONCLUSION: We emphasize this histopathologic and immunohistochemical finding because of the potential for confusion with other @entity5 or disorders, such as @entity4618 or crystal-storing histiocytosis.

title: Primary extranodal soft-tissue XXXX with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions mimicking @entity4618 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Clustered lymphoid cells', 'lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['adult rhabdomyoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Immunoglobulin inclusions are found in B-cell neoplasms as well as in crystal-storing histiocytosis associated with B-cell @entity1071 . At times, the deposits may be so profound as to obscure the diagnosis and may even lead to misdiagnosis. We report one case of low-grade extranodal @entity706 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions and emphasize the need for immunophenotyping and molecular assay to make the right decision in diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of extranodal @entity1892 with abundant intracellular immunoglobulin accumulation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Asian @entity1 from China presented with a 13-year history of a right shoulder mass with recent ongoing @entity158 . A @entity20392 located in the posterior muscles of the neck was suggested by magnetic resonance imaging, and extended local excision was performed. A biopsy, however, revealed large, isolated rhabdoid cells in a diffuse pattern with mild atypia and eosinophilic cytoplasm. @entity706 were interspersed among these cells. The diagnosis was initially suggested to be @entity4618 . The final diagnosis of @entity706 was made after immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular studies. CONCLUSION: We emphasize this histopathologic and immunohistochemical finding because of the potential for confusion with other @entity5 or disorders, such as @entity4618 or crystal-storing histiocytosis.

title: Primary extranodal soft-tissue @entity1892 with abundant immunoglobulin inclusions mimicking XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4618 :: (MESH:D012207,Disease) :: ['adult rhabdomyoma']


abstract: @entity137 ( @entity137 ), is an exfoliative @entity74 of unknown cause. A @entity1 with @entity137 loses epidermis in sheet-like fashion, leaving extensive areas of denuded dermis that must be treated like a large, superficial, partial-thickness burn wound. Methods of coverage described in the English literature over the last decade include the use of several dressings such as fresh-frozen or cryopreserved cadaver allograft, porcine xenograft, and amnionic membrane. Successful use of the biosynthetic dressing, Biobrane, has been described after @entity130 and @entity6715 ; however, its use in TENS has not. We present three @entity1 with @entity137 treated successfully in our burn center over the past 12 months using Biobrane. The @entity1 were @entity1 aged 20, 58, and 77 years, with 58% to 95% total body surface area slough. Diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy on admission, and drug ingestion was implicated in each instance. Each @entity1 was thoroughly debrided in the operating room shortly after admission, and denuded areas were covered with Biobrane within 24 to 48 hours of admission. Biobrane demonstrated greater than 90% adherence by 48 hours, and no wound @entity295 occurred. Each @entity1 demonstrated epithelialization within 9 days. @entity1 were ambulatory at 72 hours. Corticosteroids and prophylactic antibiotics were avoided. Enteral nutritional support and aggressive septic surveillance was routine. Hospital stay was between 13 and 30 days without mortality. Early use of Biobrane in @entity1 with @entity137 appears to provide a reasonable means of wound coverage.

title: XXXX : a review and report of the successful use of Biobrane for early wound coverage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injuries']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: The risks of pancreatic resection for @entity656 were evaluated in 37 @entity1 , all with greater than or equal to 3 positive Ranson signs, most with extensive @entity4099 and almost half with extensive @entity39 . The mortality (43%), though comparable with most other reports, was higher than in the authors' earlier experience. The reason was not clear. @entity86 from the surgical field was the most common problem, being responsible for half of the deaths. @entity295 due to @entity733 or fistulation occurred in eight @entity1 and was fatal in five. @entity8 were common, but caused only three deaths. Time from onset of symptoms to operation did not influence complications or age-matched mortality. With increasing extent of resection, lung complications diminished, but not other complications or mortality. All @entity1 older than 60 died. Resection thus should be avoided for the elderly, and its role in younger cases remains far from clear. The @entity260 and insignificantly lower death rate than after other treatments have diminished the former enthusiasm for resection in @entity656 .

title: Complications after pancreatic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary and renal complications']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['peripancreatic fat necrosis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: Among 1992 @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy from January 1972 through December 1984, 57 operations were performed in 51 @entity1 for recurrent @entity543 . Thirty-four of these cases had undergone initial surgery at this institution while 23 had endarterectomy elsewhere. Fifty-two of the 57 operations were for symptomatic disease while five were for evidence of a progressing lesion. All operative procedures were monitored with intracerebral blood flow measurements and continuous electroencephalograms. Twenty-three @entity1 required intraoperative shunting. There were no complications related to shunt usage or to the period of temporary occlusion in @entity1 who did not require shunting. Recurrent @entity850 was related to intimal @entity1373 in 14 cases, recurrent @entity731 with interluminal thrombi or degenerated plaque in 27, unexplained soft @entity715 in eight, proximal scarring in six, and to @entity439 in two. Intimal @entity1373 was the most common cause for @entity256 within 2 years from the date of surgery and developed earlier in @entity1 with a primary closure than in @entity1 closed with a patch graft. The operative complication rate was 10.5% or 4 times the risk of surgery for primary @entity731 at this institution. Complications were attributed primarily to intraoperative and postoperative @entity1031 events related to apparent increased thrombogenicity of these vessels. The highest complication rate occurred in the group of @entity1 undergoing surgery for thrombotic material in the internal carotid artery, either primary or with underlying @entity731 . There were no neurological complications in the group with @entity1373 . The authors' experience suggests that on-lay patch grafting without endarterectomy should be used in @entity1 with @entity1373 . @entity1 with complicated recurrent @entity731 can be treated with endarterectomy and patch grafting, but interposition vein grafts should be considered in cases in which the vessels are extensively damaged by the recurrent plaque or with an unexplained @entity715 at the site of previous endarterectomy.

title: Recurrent XXXX . Results and complications of 57 operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'myointimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Fifty @entity1 with @entity2688 were evaluated prospectively using cultures of aspirates from the advancing edge of @entity2688 , skin biopsy specimens, and blood. Potential microbial pathogens were isolated in 13 @entity1 . Biopsy specimen cultures were positive in ten @entity1 , while aspirate and blood cultures were positive in five and two, respectively. Aspirate, biopsy, or blood cultures were more often positive in @entity1 with apparent primary lesions than in @entity1 without such lesions. Apparent primary sites of @entity281 were identified and cultured in 24 @entity1 . beta-Hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 17 primary lesions, and coagulase-positive staphylococci were present in 13. Both organisms were isolated from ten primary lesions. Among @entity1 with positive aspirate, biopsy, and/or blood cultures, the same pathogens were also isolated from primary sites in ten of ten @entity1 . Clinical features, including temperature, white blood cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, were not predictive of positive aspirate, biopsy, or blood cultures. These cultures provided no microbiologic information that was not obtainable from culture of primary lesions.

title: Microbiologic evaluation of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

answer: @entity2688 :: (MESH:D002481,Disease) :: ['cutaneous cellulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the pathologic features and outcome of pregnancy complicated by a persistent @entity4134 that was managed conservatively or with surgical intervention. STUDY DESIGN: A review was performed of @entity1 who were seen with an @entity4134 in pregnancy from January 1988 to June 1994. We included @entity1 with simple or complex masses > or = 6 cm that were persistent on ultrasonographic evaluation. We excluded cysts that spontaneously resolved by 16 weeks' gestation and those diagnosed after delivery. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 of 43,372 deliveries were identified with persistent @entity4134 that met the above criteria. Nineteen (59%) of these @entity1 had operative intervention, whereas 12 (41%) were managed conservatively. Of the @entity1 who had surgery, nine had functional cysts, six had mature cystic @entity44 , and four had other benign cysts. Complications within 12 hours of surgery included one @entity2208 and one @entity1 with @entity397 of membranes. Twelve @entity1 were managed nonsurgically. Seven @entity1 had conservative management, whereas five @entity1 had percutaneous drainage of simple cysts (negative results on cytologic study) that were symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of @entity43 in pregnancy is low, the incidental finding of an @entity4134 in pregnancy is becoming more common. Because complications of abdominal surgery are increased in pregnancy, surgical management of this prenatal complication needs to be reconsidered. Our data support a randomized clinical study to determine optimal management of an @entity4134 in pregnancy.

title: The management of a persistent XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass', 'adnexal masses']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal mass']


abstract: Administration of chemotherapy is delayed by most clinicians until complete recovery from surgery because it is generally feared that cytotoxic drugs impair wound healing, reduce resistance against @entity281 , and may hinder the recovery process. However, clinical experience is lacking. This clinical study examines the effect of perioperative administration of @entity1487 on the healing of wounds and intestinal anastomoses and the recovery process in general. Forty @entity1 with advanced @entity1820 entered the study. Intravenous bolus administration of 0.5 g of @entity1487 was started during surgery. The @entity1 underwent a variety of abdominal operations for palliation or cure. A total of 22 gastric and enteric anastomoses were performed. One half gram of @entity1487 diluted in 150 mL of 5% @entity413 solution was given intravenously over one hour daily for ten days postoperatively. The @entity1 were carefully evaluated for any alteration in the postoperative recovery. Thirty-eight of the 40 @entity1 received the full course of @entity1487 . Twenty-one @entity1 had an uneventful postoperative course. Eighteen had mild to moderate @entity65 unrelated to @entity1487 administration. One @entity1 died of @entity1151 16 days after abdominoperineal resection. Surgical wounds healed without complications in 37 @entity1 . One case of @entity130 occurred after sigmoidectomy. Two @entity1 developed wound infections that healed secondarily. All 22 @entity1 with anastomoses recovered without any evidence of leakage. Colostomies and gastrostomies functioned as anticipated. Side effects attributed to @entity1487 appeared in seven of the @entity1 ; in only two of the @entity1 were complications life-threatening, involving @entity236 . All @entity1 recovered after discontinuation of @entity1487 therapy and with supportive treatment. On the whole, the course of recovery of this group was no different than expected from @entity1 with advanced @entity5 who were undergoing extensive surgery. Based on this study, it seems that @entity1487 administration during and immediately after surgery has no deleterious effect on wound healing and recovery.

title: The effects of perioperative XXXX administration on convalescence and wound healing.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound disruption']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract cancers']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory and cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ) is an important regulator of bone formation. Gain-of-function mutations in the @entity2557 gene result in @entity1610 which include @entity5884 ( @entity5884 ), the most common form of dwarfism, in which skull, appendicular and axial skeletons are affected. The skeletal phenotype of @entity1 with @entity5884 showed defective proliferation and differentiation of the chondrocytes in the growth plate cartilage. Both endochondral and membranous ossification processes are disrupted during development. At cellular level, @entity2557 mutations induce increased phosphorylation of the @entity4149 kinase receptor @entity2557 , which correlate with an enhanced activation of its downstream signaling pathways. Potential therapeutic strategies have emerged for @entity5884 . Several preclinical studies have been conducted such as the @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) analog ( @entity72863 ), intermittent parathyroid hormone injections, soluble @entity2557 therapy, and @entity31738 and statin treatments. Among the putative targets to antagonize @entity2557 signaling, @entity21695 (or @entity72863 ) is one of the most promising strategies. @entity72863 acts as a key regulator of longitudinal bone growth by downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is activated as a result of a @entity2557 gain-of-function mutation. Preclinical studies showed that @entity72863 treatment led to a large improvement in skeletal parameters in Fgfr3Y367C/+ @entity19 mimicking @entity5884 . In 2014, a clinical trial (phase 2) of @entity72863 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5884 has started. This first clinical trial marks the first big step towards real treatment for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX Analog as Therapy for @entity5884 .

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3', 'Fgfr3', 'FGFR3']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['ACH', 'achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity31738 :: ('MESH:D008468', 'Chemical') :: ['meclozine']

answer: @entity21695 :: (4880,Gene) :: ['C-Type Natriuretic Peptide']


abstract: @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ) is an important regulator of bone formation. Gain-of-function mutations in the @entity2557 gene result in @entity1610 which include @entity5884 ( @entity5884 ), the most common form of dwarfism, in which skull, appendicular and axial skeletons are affected. The skeletal phenotype of @entity1 with @entity5884 showed defective proliferation and differentiation of the chondrocytes in the growth plate cartilage. Both endochondral and membranous ossification processes are disrupted during development. At cellular level, @entity2557 mutations induce increased phosphorylation of the @entity4149 kinase receptor @entity2557 , which correlate with an enhanced activation of its downstream signaling pathways. Potential therapeutic strategies have emerged for @entity5884 . Several preclinical studies have been conducted such as the @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) analog ( @entity72863 ), intermittent parathyroid hormone injections, soluble @entity2557 therapy, and @entity31738 and statin treatments. Among the putative targets to antagonize @entity2557 signaling, @entity21695 (or @entity72863 ) is one of the most promising strategies. @entity72863 acts as a key regulator of longitudinal bone growth by downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is activated as a result of a @entity2557 gain-of-function mutation. Preclinical studies showed that @entity72863 treatment led to a large improvement in skeletal parameters in Fgfr3Y367C/+ @entity19 mimicking @entity5884 . In 2014, a clinical trial (phase 2) of @entity72863 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5884 has started. This first clinical trial marks the first big step towards real treatment for these @entity1 .

title: @entity21695 Analog as Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5884 :: (MESH:D000130,Disease) :: ['Achondroplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 are among the most frequently diagnosed @entity5 and radiotherapy represents one of the main treatment options. The irradiation field usually encompasses healthy intestinal tissue, especially of distal large bowel, thus inducing gastrointestinal (GI) radiation-induced @entity137 . Indeed, up to half of radiation-treated @entity1 say that their quality of life is affected by GI symptoms (e.g., @entity548 , @entity294 ). The constellation of GI symptoms - from transient to long-term, from mild to very severe - experienced by @entity1 who underwent radiation treatment for a @entity530 have been comprised in the @entity66 ( @entity66 ). A correct and evidence-based therapeutic approach of @entity1 experiencing GI radiation-induced @entity137 is mandatory. Therapeutic non-surgical strategies for @entity66 can be summarized in two broad categories, i.e., medical and endoscopic. Of note, most of the studies have investigated the management of radiation-induced @entity548 . @entity1 with clinically significant @entity548 (i.e., causing @entity417 ) should firstly be considered for medical management (i.e., @entity5418 enemas, @entity868 and hyperbaric @entity26 ); in case of failure, endoscopic treatment should be implemented. This latter should be considered the first choice in case of acute, transfusion requiring, @entity548 . More well-performed, high quality studies should be performed, especially the role of medical treatments should be better investigated as well as the comparative studies between endoscopic and hyperbaric @entity26 treatments.

title: XXXX : Updates on treatment options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['definition of pelvic radiation disease', 'PRD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'Pelvic cancers']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Pelvic radiation disease']


abstract: A @entity1 is reported who presented with a typical @entity8442 . Before this illness, the @entity1 had suffered from @entity11173 at the age of 15 months. A @entity1394 was present which included severe @entity1032 , @entity304 , and @entity302 . There were no relatives with a similar disease. Clinically, there was a frank recurrent @entity8442 with occasional @entity294 . Radiographic barium studies showed delayed transit, hypomotility of the intestines, and gross distension of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Histological examination of the gastrointestinal tract revealed a normal appearance of the mucosa; however, there was a @entity2086 with abnormalities of the plexuses. Both the submucosal and the myenteric plexuses were reduced in number and size. They showed a decreased number of ganglion cells, proliferation of Schwann cells and infiltration by lymphocytes. The abnormalities were most strikingly present in the esophagus and the small intestine. The @entity16 resulting in clinical pseudoobstruction is proposed to be part of the generalised neurological pathology as a late sequel to the @entity11173 .

title: Chronic XXXX as a possible sequel to encephalitis.

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic muscle layer']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudoobstruction syndrome', 'pseudoobstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['postencephalitic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity11173 :: ('MESH:D008457', 'Disease') :: ['measles encephalitis']

answer: @entity8442 :: (MESH:D007418,Disease) :: ['intestinal pseudoobstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the long-term effects of @entity353 on 24-h blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular mass in overweight @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 181 never-treated overweight @entity101 subjects (body mass index, 25 to 39 kg/m(2), office BP 145/94 +/- 12/7 mm Hg) had 24-h BP monitoring and echocardiography twice, at baseline and after 3.8 +/- 2 years (minimum 1 year). None of the subjects received antihypertensive drugs during the follow-up. Main outcome measures were changes in 24-h BP and in left ventricular mass. RESULTS: Percent change in body weight had a direct relationship with 24-h BP changes (r = 0.35 and 0.31 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively; both P <.001). The associations with office BP changes (r = 0.13, P =.10 for systolic BP; r = 0.15, P =.06 for diastolic BP) were significantly weaker (both P <.01, z test). The @entity1 who lost weight during follow-up (n = 106) had a significantly lower increase in 24-h BP (+0.6 +/- 9/ +0.2 +/- 6 v +4.9 +/- 9/ +2.7 +/- 7 mm Hg for systolic/diastolic BP, both P <.01) and in left ventricular mass (-3 +/- 30 g v +9 +/- 32 g, P <.02) than the remaining subjects. In a multiple linear regression, a 10% @entity353 independently predicted a 4.3/3.8 mm Hg decrease in 24-h systolic/diastolic BP. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity353 determines a sustained BP reduction during the 24 h and a decrease in left ventricular mass in overweight @entity101 subjects. The relation of @entity353 with ambulatory BP changes is closer than that with office BP.

title: Effect of body weight changes on 24-hour blood pressure and left ventricular mass in XXXX : a 4-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: From a 55-year experience with about 4,000 @entity1 treated for @entity5 , we have identified 18 @entity1 (0.5%) who received definitive treatment for @entity5 arising in the sublingual glands. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 ages ranged from 35 to 76 years (median 59), and @entity1 and @entity1 were equally represented. All had @entity5 , which included @entity2347 (9 @entity1 ), @entity3975 (5 @entity1 ), and @entity420 (4 @entity1 ). An asymptomatic swelling was the most common complaint (7 @entity1 ); the @entity5 was incidentally discovered by a dentist in 4 others. For all @entity1 , the treatment delay ranged from 3 to 24 months, but only 3 had lesions that extended beyond the confines of the floor of the mouth. All were treated surgically by resections, which were peroral in 4 @entity1 , transcervical in 5, and pull-through type (including the submandibular gland) in 7. The remaining 2 @entity1 had composite procedures. In 3 more recently treated @entity1 , pull-through resections were followed by @entity2133 repair involving transmandibular sutures. This technique has proved useful and will be described in detail. RESULTS: Results in this small @entity1 cohort have been most encouraging. Local recurrence occurred in 3 @entity1 who succumbed 11 months, 27 months, and 21 years after initial treatment. Fourteen others remain alive and well 20 months to 20 years (median 74 months) posttreatment, and the remaining @entity1 was recurrence free when he died of unrelated causes 7 years after resection. CONCLUSION: This small experience confirms the rarity of @entity5 and attests to the good results in terms of function and survival that can be anticipated with adequate surgical treatment when the lesion is relatively small.

title: Treating XXXX of the sublingual glands, including a useful technique for repair of the floor of the mouth after resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'sublingual gland tumors', 'salivary gland tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['a floor-of-the-mouth']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The relationship between @entity167 consumption and physical fitness was analyzed using data from the baseline examination of the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development In Young Adults study (CARDIA), a longitudinal study of the evolution of risk factors for @entity65 in Black and White @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18-30 years. Two parameters of submaximal exercise treadmill testing were evaluated: time to heart rate 130 and duration of the treadmill test. In @entity1 and @entity1 qualified for treadmill testing, time to reach heart rate 130 was positively associated with @entity1068 intake. The relationship between fitness and @entity1068 intake persisted in sex-specific analysis after adjustment for age, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds, and physical activity level. The magnitude and strength of the relationship were greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 . A negative interaction between @entity1068 intake and smoking status was evident. Linear regression coefficients in @entity1 were 0.29 sec to heart rate 130/ml @entity1068 /day in nonsmokers and -0.06 sec to heart rate 130/ml @entity1068 /day in smokers. Linear regression coefficients in @entity1 were 1.07 sec to heart rate 130/ml @entity1068 /day in nonsmokers and 0.23 sec to heart rate 130/ml @entity1068 /day in smokers. @entity1 and @entity1 who smoked showed 31 sec longer time to heart rate 130, regardless of @entity1068 intake. Mean daily @entity1068 intake was positively associated with duration of treadmill testing in @entity1 , but weakly associated with duration in @entity1 . These results show increased physical fitness as @entity1068 intake increased in @entity1 and nonsmoking @entity1 and mildly decreased physical fitness as @entity1068 consumption increases among @entity1 who smoke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX consumption and physical fitness among young adults.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: We studied the effect of intravenous (IV) thiamylal or @entity3652 on the increases in serum @entity5632 , @entity908 kinase (CK), and @entity972 induced by @entity2900 under @entity1508 anesthesia. Ninety @entity1 were divided into three groups. In Group O, @entity2900 (1.0 mg/kg) was administered after an the inhaled induction of anesthesia with @entity1508 . In Group T, thiamylal (4.0-5.0 mg/kg), and in Group K, @entity3652 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg) was injected prior to @entity2900 administration. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1508 , @entity3810 , and @entity26 . @entity5632 increased in Group O at 60 min to 855 ng/mL (median) and CK to 98.6 IU/L. These increases were significantly higher than those of Group T (110 ng/mL and 66.4 IU/L) and Group K (110 ng/mL and 57.0 IU/L). @entity972 increased in Group O only. There was no significant difference between Groups T and K for any of the three values. These results indicate that IV thiamylal and @entity3652 both suppress the increases of @entity5632 , CK, and @entity972 , and that in cases when @entity2900 is used, both drugs can help to avoid myoglobinemia and limit the increases of CK and @entity972 .

title: The effect of XXXX or thiamylal on @entity2900 -induced myoglobinemia under @entity1508 anesthesia in adults.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium', 'Potassium']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: We studied the effect of intravenous (IV) thiamylal or @entity3652 on the increases in serum @entity5632 , @entity908 kinase (CK), and @entity972 induced by @entity2900 under @entity1508 anesthesia. Ninety @entity1 were divided into three groups. In Group O, @entity2900 (1.0 mg/kg) was administered after an the inhaled induction of anesthesia with @entity1508 . In Group T, thiamylal (4.0-5.0 mg/kg), and in Group K, @entity3652 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg) was injected prior to @entity2900 administration. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1508 , @entity3810 , and @entity26 . @entity5632 increased in Group O at 60 min to 855 ng/mL (median) and CK to 98.6 IU/L. These increases were significantly higher than those of Group T (110 ng/mL and 66.4 IU/L) and Group K (110 ng/mL and 57.0 IU/L). @entity972 increased in Group O only. There was no significant difference between Groups T and K for any of the three values. These results indicate that IV thiamylal and @entity3652 both suppress the increases of @entity5632 , CK, and @entity972 , and that in cases when @entity2900 is used, both drugs can help to avoid myoglobinemia and limit the increases of CK and @entity972 .

title: The effect of @entity3652 or thiamylal on @entity2900 -induced myoglobinemia under XXXX anesthesia in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: We studied the effect of intravenous (IV) thiamylal or @entity3652 on the increases in serum @entity5632 , @entity908 kinase (CK), and @entity972 induced by @entity2900 under @entity1508 anesthesia. Ninety @entity1 were divided into three groups. In Group O, @entity2900 (1.0 mg/kg) was administered after an the inhaled induction of anesthesia with @entity1508 . In Group T, thiamylal (4.0-5.0 mg/kg), and in Group K, @entity3652 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg) was injected prior to @entity2900 administration. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity1508 , @entity3810 , and @entity26 . @entity5632 increased in Group O at 60 min to 855 ng/mL (median) and CK to 98.6 IU/L. These increases were significantly higher than those of Group T (110 ng/mL and 66.4 IU/L) and Group K (110 ng/mL and 57.0 IU/L). @entity972 increased in Group O only. There was no significant difference between Groups T and K for any of the three values. These results indicate that IV thiamylal and @entity3652 both suppress the increases of @entity5632 , CK, and @entity972 , and that in cases when @entity2900 is used, both drugs can help to avoid myoglobinemia and limit the increases of CK and @entity972 .

title: The effect of @entity3652 or thiamylal on XXXX -induced myoglobinemia under @entity1508 anesthesia in adults.

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of physiotherapy on functional limitation in an observational cohort of early @entity1691 . METHODS: Design: prospective population-based cohort study. @entity1 : 708 @entity1 with early @entity1691 between 2007 and 2010 naive of TNF blockers. INTERVENTION: early physiotherapy defined by at least eight supervised sessions of physical therapy during the first six months. MEASUREMENTS: the primary outcome was functional improvement defined by a relative improvement of at least 20% in BASFI at six months. Secondary outcomes were improvement in BASFI at one and two years and ASAS20 response criteria at six months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: a propensity score of having physiotherapy was developed and multivariate analysis using propensity score weighting were used to assess the effect of physiotherapy on outcome. RESULTS: Overall, 166 (24%) @entity1 had physiotherapy during the first six months. After using propensity score weighting, there was no functional improvement on the primary outcome in @entity1 treated with early physical therapy (relative risk [IC95%]: 1.15 [0.91-1.45]). No differences were observed on secondary outcomes (relative risk [IC95%]: 0.94 [0.80-1.11]). CONCLUSIONS: It seems there is no functional benefit for @entity1 with @entity1691 to be treated early by physiotherapy in daily practice, even though the efficacy of physiotherapy has been shown in several randomized controlled studies.

title: Evaluation of physiotherapy in a prospective cohort of early XXXX . Data from the DESIR cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'early spondyloarthritis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rituximab (RTX) is increasingly used in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other severe @entity792 ( @entity792 ). In practice, many clinicians are reluctant to prescribe RTX in @entity1 with low B-cell counts because of the presumed risk of @entity281 . The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether B-cell counts before treatment or retreatment with RTX predict the occurrence of @entity281 . METHODS: Observational, single-centre study of 161 @entity1 treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 at a tertiary hospital. @entity1075 + B-cell counts were assessed by flow cytometry and multivariate statistical analysis adjusted for various potential predictors was performed. RESULTS: The rate of severe @entity281 was 5.9/100 @entity1 -years in @entity309 @entity1 and 24.9 in non- @entity309 @entity792 (P<0.001). Low B-cell counts at the time of RTX infusion were not associated with subsequent severe (HR=0.55, P=0.60) or overall @entity281 (HR=0.85, P=0.58). Significant pre-treatment predictors of severe @entity281 were a diagnosis other than @entity309 (HR=4.68, P<0.001), immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels <7g/L (HR=2.36, P=0.01), age (HR=1.03, P=0.01), and @entity6 (HR=3.61, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low B-cell counts before RTX infusion did not predict subsequent @entity281 in this population treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 , therefore not supporting the practice of pre-treatment assessment of B-cells. Nevertheless, a higher risk of severe @entity281 was confirmed for low pre-treatment IgG levels, older age, @entity6 , and @entity792 other than @entity309 .

title: Low pre-treatment B-cell counts are not a risk factor of @entity281 in @entity1 treated with rituximab for XXXX : An observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases', 'AID']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['refractory rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rituximab (RTX) is increasingly used in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other severe @entity792 ( @entity792 ). In practice, many clinicians are reluctant to prescribe RTX in @entity1 with low B-cell counts because of the presumed risk of @entity281 . The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether B-cell counts before treatment or retreatment with RTX predict the occurrence of @entity281 . METHODS: Observational, single-centre study of 161 @entity1 treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 at a tertiary hospital. @entity1075 + B-cell counts were assessed by flow cytometry and multivariate statistical analysis adjusted for various potential predictors was performed. RESULTS: The rate of severe @entity281 was 5.9/100 @entity1 -years in @entity309 @entity1 and 24.9 in non- @entity309 @entity792 (P<0.001). Low B-cell counts at the time of RTX infusion were not associated with subsequent severe (HR=0.55, P=0.60) or overall @entity281 (HR=0.85, P=0.58). Significant pre-treatment predictors of severe @entity281 were a diagnosis other than @entity309 (HR=4.68, P<0.001), immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels <7g/L (HR=2.36, P=0.01), age (HR=1.03, P=0.01), and @entity6 (HR=3.61, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low B-cell counts before RTX infusion did not predict subsequent @entity281 in this population treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 , therefore not supporting the practice of pre-treatment assessment of B-cells. Nevertheless, a higher risk of severe @entity281 was confirmed for low pre-treatment IgG levels, older age, @entity6 , and @entity792 other than @entity309 .

title: Low pre-treatment B-cell counts are not a risk factor of XXXX in @entity1 treated with rituximab for @entity792 : An observational study.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rituximab (RTX) is increasingly used in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and other severe @entity792 ( @entity792 ). In practice, many clinicians are reluctant to prescribe RTX in @entity1 with low B-cell counts because of the presumed risk of @entity281 . The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether B-cell counts before treatment or retreatment with RTX predict the occurrence of @entity281 . METHODS: Observational, single-centre study of 161 @entity1 treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 at a tertiary hospital. @entity1075 + B-cell counts were assessed by flow cytometry and multivariate statistical analysis adjusted for various potential predictors was performed. RESULTS: The rate of severe @entity281 was 5.9/100 @entity1 -years in @entity309 @entity1 and 24.9 in non- @entity309 @entity792 (P<0.001). Low B-cell counts at the time of RTX infusion were not associated with subsequent severe (HR=0.55, P=0.60) or overall @entity281 (HR=0.85, P=0.58). Significant pre-treatment predictors of severe @entity281 were a diagnosis other than @entity309 (HR=4.68, P<0.001), immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels <7g/L (HR=2.36, P=0.01), age (HR=1.03, P=0.01), and @entity6 (HR=3.61, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low B-cell counts before RTX infusion did not predict subsequent @entity281 in this population treated with RTX for @entity309 and other @entity792 , therefore not supporting the practice of pre-treatment assessment of B-cells. Nevertheless, a higher risk of severe @entity281 was confirmed for low pre-treatment IgG levels, older age, @entity6 , and @entity792 other than @entity309 .

title: Low pre-treatment B-cell counts are not a risk factor of @entity281 in XXXX treated with rituximab for @entity792 : An observational study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity5343 ( @entity5343 ), replacement with @entity617 may result in lower @entity79 ( @entity79 ) compared with @entity701 therapy. However, the number of @entity1 studied on @entity617 is small and the results are conflicting. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine @entity79 and its relation with therapy in @entity1 on physiologic doses of @entity617 replacement. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive @entity1 (31 males, age [mean    SD] 50.9    13.0 years), receiving @entity617 ( @entity701 equivalent [HCE] 13.0    3.0 mg/m(2)) for 104    95 months were studied. @entity79 was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and compared with an age- and sex-matched reference group of healthy Indian subjects (n = 677). RESULTS: Among males, @entity79 Z-scores (mean [95% confidence interval {CI}]) at lumbar spine (-0.42 [-0.80, -0.04]), femoral neck (-0.50 [-0.95, -0.06]) and total hip (-0.58 [-0.90, -0.26]) were significantly lower than the reference population. Z-scores in female @entity1 did not differ from controls. Among postmenopausal females and males >50 years, 43% had @entity170 (T-score  <=-2.5), as compared with 25% in the reference group (P = .04). There was no correlation between @entity79 Z-scores and HCE dose or duration of therapy. On multivariate regression analysis, body mass index was the only significant predictor of @entity79 . A high proportion of males (45%) had low serum @entity251 (<300 ng/dL), but there was no correlation between @entity251 and @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Male @entity1 with @entity5343 receiving physiologic @entity617 replacement had a small but significant diminution in @entity79 at all sites. ABBREVIATIONS: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone BAP = bone-specific alkaline phosphatase @entity79 = @entity79 BMI = body mass index CI = confidence interval HCE = @entity701 equivalent 25 ( @entity2145 ) D3 = @entity14951 @entity5343 = @entity5343 .

title: BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN @entity1 WITH ADDISON DISEASE ON REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['primary adrenal insufficiency', 'PAI']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['PREDNISOLONE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity5343 ( @entity5343 ), replacement with @entity617 may result in lower @entity79 ( @entity79 ) compared with @entity701 therapy. However, the number of @entity1 studied on @entity617 is small and the results are conflicting. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine @entity79 and its relation with therapy in @entity1 on physiologic doses of @entity617 replacement. METHODS: Forty-one consecutive @entity1 (31 males, age [mean    SD] 50.9    13.0 years), receiving @entity617 ( @entity701 equivalent [HCE] 13.0    3.0 mg/m(2)) for 104    95 months were studied. @entity79 was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and compared with an age- and sex-matched reference group of healthy Indian subjects (n = 677). RESULTS: Among males, @entity79 Z-scores (mean [95% confidence interval {CI}]) at lumbar spine (-0.42 [-0.80, -0.04]), femoral neck (-0.50 [-0.95, -0.06]) and total hip (-0.58 [-0.90, -0.26]) were significantly lower than the reference population. Z-scores in female @entity1 did not differ from controls. Among postmenopausal females and males >50 years, 43% had @entity170 (T-score  <=-2.5), as compared with 25% in the reference group (P = .04). There was no correlation between @entity79 Z-scores and HCE dose or duration of therapy. On multivariate regression analysis, body mass index was the only significant predictor of @entity79 . A high proportion of males (45%) had low serum @entity251 (<300 ng/dL), but there was no correlation between @entity251 and @entity79 . CONCLUSIONS: Male @entity1 with @entity5343 receiving physiologic @entity617 replacement had a small but significant diminution in @entity79 at all sites. ABBREVIATIONS: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone BAP = bone-specific alkaline phosphatase @entity79 = @entity79 BMI = body mass index CI = confidence interval HCE = @entity701 equivalent 25 ( @entity2145 ) D3 = @entity14951 @entity5343 = @entity5343 .

title: BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN XXXX WITH ADDISON DISEASE ON REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH @entity617 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and outcomes for @entity1 treated by use of a prehospital @entity662 protocol (CPP). DESIGN: Consecutive case series for 1 year (1993) of prehospital nontrauma @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) cases including hospital outcomes. SETTING: Nonurban two-tiered emergency medical services system. @entity1 : @entity1 treated under the prehospital CPP or with hospital diagnoses of @entity741 ( @entity741 ; ICD-9 between 410 and 414). @entity1 with @entity1167 or @entity943 were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were given, by standing orders, ECG monitoring, i.v. access, and sublingual @entity1242 . Further therapy was guided by on-line medical direction. RESULTS: Of 3,122 @entity1442 nontrauma @entity1 , 620 (20%) were treated with the CPP. All @entity1 underwent ECG monitoring, i.v. access was started in 83%, and 61% received @entity1242 . Only 55% of @entity1 completed the entire CPP; @entity1 who failed to complete the CPP had the same prevalence of @entity741 as those who completed it. When compared with hospital diagnosis of @entity741 , the CPP had a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64% to 74%), a specificity of 87% (95% CI, 86% to 88%), and a positive predictive value of 42%. The positive likelihood ratio of CPP for @entity741 was 5.31, and the negative likelihood ratio was .36. The hospital mortality rate for all @entity1 was 2.2%; for those with @entity741 , it was 1.6%. CONCLUSION: This prehospital @entity1442 CPP had good diagnostic accuracy, but only half of @entity1 completed it, and the hospital mortality rate was low. These data challenge the efficacy of the CPP.

title: Evaluation of a prehospital XXXX protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced life support', 'ALS']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']