abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the fact that rituximab depletes B cells in all treated @entity1 with @entity309 , not all @entity1 show a favourable clinical response. The goal of this study was to provide insight into pharmacological changes in peripheral blood that are associated with clinical response to rituximab. METHODS: Gene expression profiling was performed on peripheral blood RNA of 13 @entity1 with @entity309 (test group) using Illumina HumanHT beadchip microarrays. An independent group of nine @entity1 was used for validation using TaqMan quantitative PCR. Clinical responder status was determined after 6 months using change in 28-joint Disease Activity Score (/\DAS28) and European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) response criteria. Significance analysis of microarrays and ontology analysis were used for data analysis and interpretation. RESULTS: Pharmacogenomic analyses demonstrated marked interindividual differences in the pharmacological responses at 3 and 6 months after start of treatment with rituximab. Interestingly, only differences in the regulation of type I interferon (IFN)-response genes after 3 months correlated with the /\DAS28 response. Good responders (DAS>1.2; n=7) exhibited a selective increase in the expression of type I IFN-response genes, whereas this activity was unchanged or hardly changed in non-responders (DAS<1.2; n=6) (p=0.0040 at a cut-off of 1.1-fold induction). Similar results were obtained using EULAR response criteria. These results were validated in an independent cohort of nine @entity1 (five non-responders and four responders, p=0.0317). CONCLUSIONS: A good clinical response to rituximab in @entity309 is associated with a selective drug-induced increase in type I IFN-response activity in @entity1 with @entity309 . This finding may provide insight in the biological mechanism underlying the therapeutic response to rituximab.

title: Pharmacological induction of interferon type I activity following treatment with rituximab determines clinical response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to estimate and visualise the efficacy of treatment with etanercept (Enbrel) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) using colour Doppler and spectral Doppler ultrasonography to determine the possible changes in synovial perfusion during a one year observation period. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 from the European multicentre trial of the efficacy and safety of etanercept were included in this study when transferred into the open label, long term safety, and efficacy study. Before a scheduled dosage increase to 50 mg/week they were examined clinically, serologically, and by ultrasonography using the colour Doppler pixels and the spectral Doppler resistance index (RI) as indicators of @entity32 . The @entity1 were re-examined at two weeks and at one year follow up RESULTS: The clinical activity decreased significantly from baseline to week 2, but no significant changes were seen from baseline to one year. The number of coloured pixels in each region of interest decreased from baseline to week 2 with a median reduction of 60% (p=0.005). This effect on the perfusion in the synovium could not be found after one year of treatment. During the initial treatment we detected an increase in synovial RI by spectral Doppler. The median increase in peripheral resistance from baseline to week 2 as estimated by the mean RI was 22.6% (p=0.005). The increase in peripheral resistance was maintained to some extent after one year (mean RI increased by 18.8% p=0.074). CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography seems to be a promising tool for the detection of treatment response using spectral Doppler and pixel estimation.

title: Effects of treatment with etanercept (Enbrel, TNRF:Fc) on XXXX evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity6278 , a new @entity5898 , was given to fifty @entity1 (28 male and 22 female) aged 15 to 86 years with @entity281 of the urinary tract or prostate. @entity293 , i.e. @entity2335 in 20 cases and @entity2885 in 21, were usually chronic and associated with @entity5450 . Nine @entity1 had @entity281 of the prostate. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 @entity526 , 8 @entity4005 , 16 Serratia, 5 @entity5609 or @entity104 -positive Proteus, 1 Providencia, and 4 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of @entity6278 ranged from 0.015 to 64 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 0.12 micrograms/ml). @entity6278 was given as single drug therapy in all @entity1 but one, in a daily dosage of 2 g divided into two intramuscular injections, for 3 to 28 days (average 22 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was four weeks. Therapeutic results were as follows: 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 @entity2335 @entity1 , 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 interpretable cases of @entity2885 , and 4 successes and 5 failures by relapse for the 9 @entity1 with @entity1069 . Local tolerance was excellent. @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 and @entity294 in 1 required withdrawal of the drug. Three other @entity1 with @entity294 were able to continue treatment. Intolerance to ingestion of alcoholic beverages was reported by 10 @entity1 . @entity1712 was recorded in 2 cases and a transient mononucleosic reaction in one. No renal of hepatic side effects were documented.

title: [Clinical evaluation of @entity6278 in urinary tract and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate infection']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urologic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity6278 :: ('MESH:D015281', 'Chemical') :: ['cefmenoxime', 'Cefmenoxime']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatic infections']


abstract: @entity6278 , a new @entity5898 , was given to fifty @entity1 (28 male and 22 female) aged 15 to 86 years with @entity281 of the urinary tract or prostate. @entity293 , i.e. @entity2335 in 20 cases and @entity2885 in 21, were usually chronic and associated with @entity5450 . Nine @entity1 had @entity281 of the prostate. Pathogens recovered from the urine were 26 @entity526 , 8 @entity4005 , 16 Serratia, 5 @entity5609 or @entity104 -positive Proteus, 1 Providencia, and 4 Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of @entity6278 ranged from 0.015 to 64 micrograms/ml (mean MIC: 0.12 micrograms/ml). @entity6278 was given as single drug therapy in all @entity1 but one, in a daily dosage of 2 g divided into two intramuscular injections, for 3 to 28 days (average 22 days). Follow-up after discontinuation of treatment was four weeks. Therapeutic results were as follows: 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 @entity2335 @entity1 , 13 successes and 7 failures by relapse for the 20 interpretable cases of @entity2885 , and 4 successes and 5 failures by relapse for the 9 @entity1 with @entity1069 . Local tolerance was excellent. @entity1910 in 2 @entity1 and @entity294 in 1 required withdrawal of the drug. Three other @entity1 with @entity294 were able to continue treatment. Intolerance to ingestion of alcoholic beverages was reported by 10 @entity1 . @entity1712 was recorded in 2 cases and a transient mononucleosic reaction in one. No renal of hepatic side effects were documented.

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX in urinary tract and @entity1069 ].

answer: @entity6278 :: (MESH:D015281,Chemical) :: ['cefmenoxime']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) is a classification given to a group of nonpathogenic, single-stranded DNA viruses known to reside latently in primates. During latency in @entity1 , @entity778 type 2 ( @entity4700 ) preferentially integrates at a site on chromosome 19q13.3ter by targeting a sequence composed of an @entity778 Rep binding element (RBE), a spacer, and a nicking site. Here, we report the DNA sequence of an @entity3176 @entity778 integration site isolated from CV-1 cells. Overall, it has 98% homology to the analogous @entity1 site, including identical spacer and nicking sequences. However, the simian RBE is expanded, having five perfect directly repeated GAGC tetramers. We carried out a number of in vitro and in vivo assays to determine the effect of this expanded RBE sequence on the Rep-RBE interaction and @entity778 targeted integration. Using electromobility shift assays it was demonstrated that @entity21481 Rep68 bound the expanded RBE with a sixfold-greater affinity than the @entity1 RBE. To determine the basis for the affinity increase, DNase I protection and methylation interference (MI) assays were performed. Comparison of footprints on both the @entity1 and simian RBEs revealed nearly identical protection; however, MI analysis suggested greater interaction with the @entity6989 of the expanded RBE, thus providing a biochemical basis for the increased binding activity. In vivo, integration targeted to the simian RBE was demonstrated by PCR analysis of latently infected Cos-7 cells. Interestingly, the frequency of site-specific integration was twofold greater in Cos-7 cells than in HeLa cells. Overall, these experiments establish that the simian RBE, identified in CV-1 cells, functions analogously to the @entity1 RBE and provide further evidence for a developing model that proposes individual roles for the RBE and the spacer and nicking site elements.

title: Identification and characterization of an adeno-associated virus integration site in CV-1 cells from the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['AAV', 'Adeno-associated virus']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkey']

entities_list: @entity6989 :: ('MESH:D006150', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotides']

answer: @entity3176 :: (9534,Species) :: ['African green monkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) @entity16 is a heterogeneous group of @entity74 . The authors recently mapped an autosomal dominant demyelinating form of @entity5108 type 1 ( @entity72668 ) to chromosome 16p13.1-p12.3. OBJECTIVE: To find the gene mutations underlying @entity72668 . METHODS: The authors used a combination of standard positional cloning and candidate gene approaches to identify the causal gene for @entity72668 . Western blot analysis was used to determine relative protein levels in @entity1 and control lymphocyte extracts. Northern blotting was used to characterize gene expression in 1) multiple tissues; 2) developing sciatic nerve; and 3) nerve-crush and nerve-transection experiments. RESULTS: The authors identified missense mutations ( @entity72669 , @entity72670 , W116G) in the LITAFgene (lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha factor) in three @entity72668 pedigrees. @entity4636 , which is also referred to as SIMPLE, is a widely expressed gene encoding a 161-amino acid protein that may play a role in protein degradation pathways. The mutations associated with @entity72668 were found to cluster, defining a domain of the @entity4636 protein having a critical role in peripheral nerve function. Western blot analysis suggested that the @entity72670 and W116G mutations do not alter the level of @entity4636 protein in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The @entity4636 transcript is expressed in sciatic nerve, but its level of expression is not altered during development or in response to @entity128 . This finding is in stark contrast to that seen for other known genes that cause @entity72668 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity4636 may account for a significant proportion of @entity72668 @entity1 with previously unknown molecular diagnosis and may define a new mechanism of peripheral nerve perturbation leading to demyelinating @entity16 .

title: Mutation of a putative protein degradation gene @entity4636 /SIMPLE in XXXX 1C.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth', 'CMT']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system']

answer: @entity5108 :: (MESH:D002607,Disease) :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) @entity16 is a heterogeneous group of @entity74 . The authors recently mapped an autosomal dominant demyelinating form of @entity5108 type 1 ( @entity72668 ) to chromosome 16p13.1-p12.3. OBJECTIVE: To find the gene mutations underlying @entity72668 . METHODS: The authors used a combination of standard positional cloning and candidate gene approaches to identify the causal gene for @entity72668 . Western blot analysis was used to determine relative protein levels in @entity1 and control lymphocyte extracts. Northern blotting was used to characterize gene expression in 1) multiple tissues; 2) developing sciatic nerve; and 3) nerve-crush and nerve-transection experiments. RESULTS: The authors identified missense mutations ( @entity72669 , @entity72670 , W116G) in the LITAFgene (lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha factor) in three @entity72668 pedigrees. @entity4636 , which is also referred to as SIMPLE, is a widely expressed gene encoding a 161-amino acid protein that may play a role in protein degradation pathways. The mutations associated with @entity72668 were found to cluster, defining a domain of the @entity4636 protein having a critical role in peripheral nerve function. Western blot analysis suggested that the @entity72670 and W116G mutations do not alter the level of @entity4636 protein in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The @entity4636 transcript is expressed in sciatic nerve, but its level of expression is not altered during development or in response to @entity128 . This finding is in stark contrast to that seen for other known genes that cause @entity72668 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity4636 may account for a significant proportion of @entity72668 @entity1 with previously unknown molecular diagnosis and may define a new mechanism of peripheral nerve perturbation leading to demyelinating @entity16 .

title: Mutation of a putative protein degradation gene XXXX /SIMPLE in @entity5108 1C.

answer: @entity4636 :: (9516,Gene) :: ['LITAF']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) causes significant morbidity and mortality, mainly due to complications [ @entity99 , @entity843 , @entity3182 ( @entity3182 ) and esophageal @entity548 (EVH)]. Studies of the complications, management and outcomes in @entity1 with @entity409 over the last 18 months are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: Predictors of response to @entity11884 therapy in @entity99 have been reported, along with the effect of minimal @entity99 on driving. @entity1761 was found to lead to better maintenance of remission and decreased readmission rates in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity99 . Satavaptan (a vasopressin receptor antagonist) was investigated for treatment of refractory @entity843 and appeared to be effective, but this compound is not currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). @entity1 with refractory @entity843 taking @entity1169 were found to have poorer outcomes than those not taking @entity1169 . @entity8508 currently appears to be the best medical therapy available for @entity1 with type 1 @entity3182 ; the addition with albumin to @entity8508 appeared to decrease mortality in @entity1 with type 1 @entity3182 . In primary prophylaxis of EVH, @entity1405 was found to reduce the rate of initial @entity548 compared with band ligation. Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts placed in highly selected @entity1 with acute EVH and a high risk of endoscopic failure decreased long-term mortality. In @entity1 with @entity2312 , primary prophylaxis with @entity3080 may decrease the probability of gastric @entity548 compared with nonselective beta-blockers. SUMMARY: Refinement in clinical management strategies for @entity1 with @entity82 and its complications appear to continue to contribute to improved @entity1 outcomes.

title: Complications and outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic liver disease', 'CLD']

entities_list: @entity1761 :: ('MESH:C042734', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifaximin']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['Terlipressin', 'terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a customized acoustical stimulus (Neuromonics) system in the treatment of chronic @entity392 . STUDY DESIGN: Multi-institutional prospective. SETTING: Nine U.S. Tertiary Otological referral centers; ambulatory. @entity1 : Fifty-two adults with chronic @entity392 for a minimum of 6 months, with poor or no response to previous treatments, and not undergoing concomitant therapies were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment was delivered in 2 stages: Stage 1 consisted of stimulation with the @entity1 -customized musical tracks and white noise masking of the @entity392 for 2 months, 2 to 4 hours a day. Stage 2 consisted of listening to the same tracks, with no @entity392 masking for 4 months. Both phases included education, cognitive therapy, and periodic follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment response was measured through validated psychometric testing: the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. Other measures included the @entity308 Scale and loudness discomfort levels. RESULTS: @entity1 ' responses were recorded from 38 @entity1 at 6 months, 28 @entity1 at 12 months, and 12 @entity1 at 24 months after initiation of treatment. A total of 14 @entity1 withdrew or were lost to follow-up, and the rest had not reached the 12- or 24-month testing interval. The Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire score was significantly reduced in 74% of @entity1 at 12 months and 84% of @entity1 at 24 months. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores were significantly reduced in 77% of @entity1 at 12 months and 50% at 24 months. CONCLUSION: The customized acoustical stimulus system offers a safe and effective means of @entity392 management for @entity1 with chronic @entity392 .

title: Evaluation of a customized acoustical stimulus system in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety Depression']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate myofibrillar @entity908 kinase (CK) activity and to quantify the substrate channelling of @entity855 between CK and myosin ATPase under different pH conditions within the integrity of myofibrils. A pure myofibrillar fraction was prepared using differential centrifugation. The homogeneity of the preparation and the purity of the fraction were confirmed microscopically and by enzymatic assays for contaminant enzyme activities. The specific activity of myofibrillar CK reached 584 +/- 33 nmol PCr min(-1) mg(-1) at pH 6.75. Two methods were used to detect CK activity: (1) measurement of direct @entity855 production, and (2) measurement of PCr consumption. This method of evaluation has been tested in experiments with isolated @entity908 kinase. No discrepancy in CK activity between the methods was observed in the pH range tested (6.0-7.5). However, the same procedures resulted in a significant discrepancy between the amounts of reacted PCr and produced @entity855 within the pure myofibrillar fraction. This discrepancy represents the portion of @entity855 produced by the CK reaction, which is preferentially channelled to the myosin ATPase before diffusing into the bulk solution. The maximum evaluated difference reached 42.3 % at pH 6.95. The substrate channelling between myofibrillar-bound CK and myosin ATPase was evaluated under various pH levels within the physiological range and it reached a maximum value in a slightly acidic environment. These results suggest that @entity855 / @entity857 flux control by the CK system is more important at lower pH, corresponding to the physiological state of muscle fatigue.

title: Substrate channelling in a XXXX kinase system of rat skeletal muscle under various pH conditions.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: When aggregates of HM-1 @entity189 ( @entity189 ) cells were exposed to 10(-6) M @entity1968 for 2 days and cultured in medium lacking @entity1968 , they differentiated to nerve cells, endoderm cells, and myoblasts. Cells 2 days after initial exposure to @entity1968 were not significantly different from the parental @entity189 cells, as judged by cell-surface architecture and by reactivity to lectins. On the fourth day, the surface of the aggregates was covered with two kinds of cells distinguishable from the parental cells. The round cells with short villi seemed to be precursors to endoderm cells. Receptors for Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) newly appeared and receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA) were still expressed on their surfaces. The other cells, which were round cells with a few processes, might be precursors to nerve cells. PNA receptors had disappeared from their surfaces, and @entity7840 receptors were not expressed. On the sixth day of differentiation, possible precursors to myoblasts were detected; they were flat cells with smooth surfaces. These cells lacked cell-surface receptors for the two lectins, while the precursor cells and the myoblasts excreted intercellular fibers reacting with PNA. HM-1 cells synthesized much embryoglycan, the structure of which was similar to that of the glycan isolated from quasinullipotent F9 cells. The only difference was that the glycan from HM-1 cells lacked DBA binding sites. Synthesis of fucosylated embryoglycan mainly decreased between the second and fourth day of differentiation. As above, cell-surface changes occurred mainly between the second and fourth day. The period seems to be important in determining the fate of the cells, since endoderm cells were scarcely seen among differentiated cells which had been continuously exposed to 10(-6) M @entity1968 during the period.

title: Cell-surface changes during in vitro differentiation of pluripotent XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma', 'EC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['embryonal carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for @entity432 associated with @entity1333 . Eleven @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; ages 35-82 years) with the diagnosis of @entity1333 of the large vessels underwent interventional treatment during intraarterial angiography. The causes included @entity226 (n = 8) and @entity12040 (n = 3). Thirty-three @entity432 (including brachiocephalic and renal arteries, and arteries of upper and lower extremities) were treated with balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement. Follow-up included clinical examination, angiography, and color duplex ultrasound. Technical success was 100% (25/25) for stenoses and 50% (4/8) for @entity432 , representing all lesions combined from different anatomic locations. Dissection (n = 3) and @entity397 with retroperitoneal @entity1410 (n = 1) was found in three @entity1 . During follow-up (mean 12 months), restenoses (n = 8) and re-restenoses (n = 1) occurred in 8 vascular areas. Three of these lesions were treated with repeated @entity865 (n = 4). The cumulative primary clinical success rate was 67.6%, cumulative secondary success rate 74.4%, and cumulative tertiary success rate 75.9%. Interventional therapy in systemic @entity1333 provides promising results in technical success rates and followup. Angioplasty may result in @entity1317 , but the rate of complications is low.

title: Percutaneous management of @entity432 associated with XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['arterial rupture']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive arterial disease', 'occlusive lesions']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for @entity432 associated with @entity1333 . Eleven @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; ages 35-82 years) with the diagnosis of @entity1333 of the large vessels underwent interventional treatment during intraarterial angiography. The causes included @entity226 (n = 8) and @entity12040 (n = 3). Thirty-three @entity432 (including brachiocephalic and renal arteries, and arteries of upper and lower extremities) were treated with balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement. Follow-up included clinical examination, angiography, and color duplex ultrasound. Technical success was 100% (25/25) for stenoses and 50% (4/8) for @entity432 , representing all lesions combined from different anatomic locations. Dissection (n = 3) and @entity397 with retroperitoneal @entity1410 (n = 1) was found in three @entity1 . During follow-up (mean 12 months), restenoses (n = 8) and re-restenoses (n = 1) occurred in 8 vascular areas. Three of these lesions were treated with repeated @entity865 (n = 4). The cumulative primary clinical success rate was 67.6%, cumulative secondary success rate 74.4%, and cumulative tertiary success rate 75.9%. Interventional therapy in systemic @entity1333 provides promising results in technical success rates and followup. Angioplasty may result in @entity1317 , but the rate of complications is low.

title: Percutaneous management of XXXX associated with @entity1333 : a single center experience.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusive arterial disease']


abstract: Determination of glycemic differences between groups treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) was central to the major objective of the study. Assessment of glycemia was based on 24-h inhospital profiles of plasma @entity413 ; pre- and postprandial and bedtime (seven time points) diurnal profiles performed monthly on outpatient samples; and glycosylated hemoglobin ( @entity4051 ) measured bimonthly at each center. The correlation between plasma @entity413 determinations in the central laboratory and in local laboratories was 0.988. Significance of differences between treatments was by analysis of variance and least-squares regression. At baseline, mean inhospital plasma @entity413 and @entity4051 concentrations and insulin dosages were identical in the groups randomized to CSII or @entity7617 . A prompt decrement of indices of glycemic control during CSII was observed such that mean decrements sustained over the 8-mo treatment period in home and in hospital plasma @entity413 profiles and @entity4051 relative to values obtained during @entity7617 (P less than 0.0001). The likelihood of CSII-treated @entity1 achieving glycemic indices within the normal range was increased. The standardization of the mean and the M-value calculated from inhospital @entity413 profiles during CSII and @entity7617 at 4 and 8 mo indicated that there was less plasma @entity413 fluctuation during CSII. The method of pooling standardized local @entity4051 measurements from the six centers appeared to be an adequate substitute for centrally performed @entity4051 determinations. Advantages of inhospital plasma @entity413 measurements in terms of accuracy and ability to obtain nocturnal samples contrasted with the likelihood of increased realism and superior correlation with @entity4051 in home-obtained samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Observations on control of glycemia with XXXX or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional insulin therapy', 'CIT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7617 :: (MESH:C563514,Disease) :: ['conventional insulin therapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With regard to the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) procedure in @entity0 , the study analyzed the impact of discrepancies between the number of clinically and histologically identified @entity1600 , the impact of removing additional non-hot/non-blue but clinically conspicuous @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), and whether the application of blue dye for mapping is necessary. METHODS: We analyzed 391 @entity1600 procedures in which 928 @entity1600 were removed. In all cases, radiolabeled colloid and blue dye were used for @entity1600 mapping. RESULTS: In 60 cases (15.3%), additional @entity1600 that were not identified by the surgeon were found by histological examination. In 22 cases (5.3%), tissue which clinically resembled an @entity1600 but was histologically connective tissue, was removed. In 76 cases (19.4%), 133 non-hot/non-blue but clinically conspicuous @entity1600 were removed. These additionally removed @entity1600 , however, did not alter the axillary staging. In 50.8% of the cases (n = 471), the @entity1600 were marked only by radiolabeled colloid. In 27 cases (2.9%), the surgeon identified the @entity1600 through blue coloration alone; however, in all of the latter cases, these @entity1600 were not deciding for axillary staging. CONCLUSION: The mapping agents may accumulate in axillary tissue and mimic the existence of an @entity1600 . The radiolabeled colloid method alone gives excellent mapping results. The additional application of blue dye is avoidable. Exact surgical preparation enables removal of the @entity1600 only and avoids removal of @entity1600 -containing adjacent tissue. The removal of further clinically identifiable enlarged non-hot @entity1600 should only be done if there is strong suspicion of metastatic involvement.

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in primary XXXX : trust the radiolabeled colloid method and avoid unnecessary procedures.

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'sentinel lymph node', 'SLN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation after an intrastromal femtosecond laser procedure to treat @entity10818 using a theoretic approach. SETTING: International Vision Correction Research Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Preoperatively and 12 months after intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment (IntraCor) of @entity10818 , biometry was performed by partial coherence interferometry (PCI) (IOLMaster). The postoperative keratometry (K) values and IOL power calculation formulas (Holladay I, Haigis, @entity6755 /T, Hoffer Q) were compared with results derived from the clinical history method, taking the manifest refraction change into account. RESULTS: The study enrolled 25 @entity1 (median age 54 years). Three eyes were excluded for age-related lens changes. The median spherical equivalent change in the other 22 eyes was -0.38 diopter (D). The median difference in K values between the clinical history method and PCI was -0.21 D, resulting in a median IOL power difference between -0.23 D ( @entity6755 /T) and -0.29 D (Haigis) (range -1.58 to +1.00 D). The IOL power was underestimated in 59.1% of cases with the Hoffer Q and 63.6% of cases with the Holladay I, Haigis, and @entity6755 /T. There was a difference of   0.75 D in 72.7% of eyes using the Holladay I, Haigis, and Hoffer Q and in 86.4% of eyes using the @entity6755 /T. Neither K values nor IOL power differences were statistically significant (P > .17). CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens power calculation using modern standard formulas incorporated in a PCI biometry device after intrastromal femtosecond @entity10818 treatment was reliable, with minimum underestimation on average.

title: Intraocular lens power calculation after intrastromal femtosecond laser treatment for XXXX : Theoretic approach.

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']


abstract: @entity170 is a disease that affects primarily @entity1 , but can also occur in @entity1 . It is characterized by a loss of @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and often culminates in a @entity174 of the hip, wrist, and/or vertebrae. The diagnosis of @entity170 is often made by using bone density measurements. They are often expressed in relative terms (T-scores and Z-scores); the Z-score is the number of standard deviations from the age-matched average value of healthy @entity1 . A low Z-score indicates the bone density is lower than it should be for a @entity1 's age and sex. @entity170 is defined as a @entity604 .5 standard deviations or more below the established mean. @entity170 can be treated by a variety of methods, the most common being the use of @entity172 , with or without @entity1871 or @entity1420 . The use of @entity172 alone is referred to as @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT), and the combination hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Other drugs used in the treatment of @entity170 are the selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) and the @entity171 . The SERMs appear to offer many of the positive benefits of @entity172 with fewer adverse effects on the breast or uterus. Recently, a randomized, double blind study of nearly 3,000 @entity1 found no overall benefit in reducing @entity299 for those taking @entity172 . In fact, in the first year of @entity172 use, @entity299 was higher in this group than in those taking placebo. The relationship between systemic @entity79 and periodontal status has been investigated. In some @entity1 , there is a correlation between a decrease of mandibular bone mass and @entity2524 . In others, there is no such correlation. Those postmenopausal @entity1 taking HRT had greater tooth retention and a reduced likelihood of edentulism. A recent study has found no correlation between clinical attachment levels and the @entity79 of the lumbar spine. Many possible factors contribute to the development of @entity170 and @entity2520 . It is difficult to establish a direct correlation between @entity2524 , @entity604 , and loss of attachment resulting from @entity2521 and decreased @entity79 associated with @entity170 , but studies are ongoing.

title: XXXX : a review and its dental implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'BMD loss of 2']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: Previous studies have reported that @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) show, in the "off medication" state, a reduced activation of tibialis anterior (TA) in the late swing-early stance phase of the gait cycle. In @entity191 @entity1 the pathophysiological picture may cause differences among the stride cycles. Our aims were to evaluate how frequently TA activity is reduced in the late swing-early stance phase and if there is a relationship between the TA pattern and the clinical picture. Thirty @entity191 @entity1 were studied 2 h after Levodopa administration ("on-med") and 12 h after Levodopa wash-out ("off-med"). They were evaluated by the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS III) and surface electromyography of TA and gastrocnemius medialis (GM). The root mean square (RMS) of the TA activity in late swing-early stance phase (RMS-A) was normalized as a percent of the RMS of the TA activity in late stance-early swing (RMS-B). RMS-A was reduced in 30% of @entity1 in the "off-med" condition. Within these @entity1 , the percentage of stride cycles with reduced RMS-A, ranged between 28% and 83%. After Levodopa intake, no stride cycle showed reduced RMS-A. @entity1 with reduced RMS-A had a lower UPDRS III total score in the "on-med" rather than in the "off-med" condition (p=0.02). Our data confirm and extend previous observations indicating that, in "off-med" the function of TA is impaired in those @entity1 clinically more responsive to Levodopa. TA activation is reduced in a relatively high percent of gait cycles in the "off-med" state. Since the variability of TA activation disappears after Levodopa administration, this phenomenon could be the expression of an abnormal dopaminergic drive.

title: Levodopa effect on electromyographic activation patterns of tibialis anterior muscle during walking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity74 characterized by impaired @entity414 handling in the renal tubules. @entity1 are usually asymptomatic; however, some may experience @entity1791 and/or @entity810 . Most of the described @entity1 (compound heterozygous and/or homozygous) are Japanese with mutations in the @entity24459 gene (OMIM #220150). Four @entity1 with @entity8 caused by heterozygous defects and two families with homozygous mutations in the @entity25111 gene have been recently described (OMIM #612076). We describe the clinical history, biochemical and molecular genetics findings of a Czech family with @entity8 . The concentration of serum @entity414 in the proband (16-year-old Czech @entity1 with unrelated parents) was 0.17    0.05 mg/dl and expressed as an increase in the fractional excretion of @entity414 (194    99%). The sequencing analysis of the coding region of @entity414 transporters @entity24459 , @entity25111 , @entity30256 , @entity36620 and @entity10430 , was performed. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed novel one @entity4334 homozygote insertion in exon 3 in the @entity25111 gene in proband and her brother resulting in a truncated protein ( @entity72671 ). No sequence variants in other candidate @entity414 transporter were found. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations cause massive @entity8 via total loss of @entity414 absorption; however, they do not necessarily lead to @entity1790 and @entity810 . In contrast to previously reported heterozygous @entity1 with @entity8 , we did not find even slight @entity25114 and found no decrease in the FE-UA of the heterozygous parents of the reported siblings.

title: Novel homozygous insertion in @entity25111 gene caused XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25114 :: ('MESH:C537757', 'Disease') :: ['hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypouricemia type 2', 'Renal hypouricemia', 'renal hypouricemia']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hypouricemia']


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity74 characterized by impaired @entity414 handling in the renal tubules. @entity1 are usually asymptomatic; however, some may experience @entity1791 and/or @entity810 . Most of the described @entity1 (compound heterozygous and/or homozygous) are Japanese with mutations in the @entity24459 gene (OMIM #220150). Four @entity1 with @entity8 caused by heterozygous defects and two families with homozygous mutations in the @entity25111 gene have been recently described (OMIM #612076). We describe the clinical history, biochemical and molecular genetics findings of a Czech family with @entity8 . The concentration of serum @entity414 in the proband (16-year-old Czech @entity1 with unrelated parents) was 0.17    0.05 mg/dl and expressed as an increase in the fractional excretion of @entity414 (194    99%). The sequencing analysis of the coding region of @entity414 transporters @entity24459 , @entity25111 , @entity30256 , @entity36620 and @entity10430 , was performed. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed novel one @entity4334 homozygote insertion in exon 3 in the @entity25111 gene in proband and her brother resulting in a truncated protein ( @entity72671 ). No sequence variants in other candidate @entity414 transporter were found. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations cause massive @entity8 via total loss of @entity414 absorption; however, they do not necessarily lead to @entity1790 and @entity810 . In contrast to previously reported heterozygous @entity1 with @entity8 , we did not find even slight @entity25114 and found no decrease in the FE-UA of the heterozygous parents of the reported siblings.

title: Novel homozygous insertion in XXXX gene caused @entity8 .

answer: @entity25111 :: (56606,Gene) :: ['SLC2A9']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1 -reported efficacy and safety of @entity12123 in Japanese @entity1 with @entity22 . METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. After a placebo lead-in period, 987 adults with @entity22 received @entity12123 8 mg or placebo once daily for 2 weeks, followed by a placebo run-out period to monitor rebound @entity22 . @entity1 -reported sleep data were collected using sleep diaries. RESULTS: @entity12123 significantly reduced mean @entity1 -reported sleep latency (primary endpoint) compared with placebo during week 1 (-4.54 min; p=0.001). @entity12123 maintained greater efficacy in sleep latency than placebo at week 2, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance. In a subset of @entity1 who adhered to treatment and completed their diaries as instructed, a statistically significant @entity25 was sustained through week 2. Compared with placebo, @entity12123 also significantly improved mean total sleep time and mean sleep quality during week 1, the number of awakenings during week 2, and overall @entity1 global impression scores. There was no evidence of rebound @entity22 . Adverse events were generally mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese adults with @entity22 , @entity12123 8 mg significantly reduced @entity1 -reported sleep latency, increased total sleep time and improved sleep quality after 1 week of treatment. @entity12123 was generally well tolerated with no rebound @entity22 .

title: Evaluation of subjective efficacy and safety of XXXX in Japanese subjects with @entity22 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12123 :: ('MESH:C495910', 'Chemical') :: ['ramelteon', 'Ramelteon']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in subjective sleep latency']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['chronic insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity12123 :: (MESH:C495910,Chemical) :: ['ramelteon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1 -reported efficacy and safety of @entity12123 in Japanese @entity1 with @entity22 . METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. After a placebo lead-in period, 987 adults with @entity22 received @entity12123 8 mg or placebo once daily for 2 weeks, followed by a placebo run-out period to monitor rebound @entity22 . @entity1 -reported sleep data were collected using sleep diaries. RESULTS: @entity12123 significantly reduced mean @entity1 -reported sleep latency (primary endpoint) compared with placebo during week 1 (-4.54 min; p=0.001). @entity12123 maintained greater efficacy in sleep latency than placebo at week 2, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance. In a subset of @entity1 who adhered to treatment and completed their diaries as instructed, a statistically significant @entity25 was sustained through week 2. Compared with placebo, @entity12123 also significantly improved mean total sleep time and mean sleep quality during week 1, the number of awakenings during week 2, and overall @entity1 global impression scores. There was no evidence of rebound @entity22 . Adverse events were generally mild and transient. CONCLUSIONS: In Japanese adults with @entity22 , @entity12123 8 mg significantly reduced @entity1 -reported sleep latency, increased total sleep time and improved sleep quality after 1 week of treatment. @entity12123 was generally well tolerated with no rebound @entity22 .

title: Evaluation of subjective efficacy and safety of @entity12123 in Japanese subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['chronic insomnia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The indications and outcomes associated with Temporary Intravascular Shunting (TIVS) for vascular @entity130 in the civilian sector are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to perform a contemporary multicenter review of TIVS usage and outcomes. METHODS: @entity1 sustaining vascular @entity130 , requiring TIVS insertion, (1/2005-12/2013) were retrospectively identified at seven Level I @entity130 centers. Clinical demographics, operative details and outcomes were abstracted. RESULTS: 213 (2.7%) injuries (94.8% arterial) requiring TIVS were identified in 7385 @entity1 with @entity1317 . Median age 27.0 years (range 4-89). 91.0% male, GCS 15.0 (IQR 4.0), ISS 16.0 (IQR 15.0), 26.0% were ISS>= 25 and 71.1% penetrating. The most common mechanism was GSW (62.7%) followed by AvP (11.4%) and MVC (6.5%). Shunts were placed for Damage Control in 63.4%, staged repair for combined orthopedic and @entity1317 in 36.1% and for insufficient surgeon skillset in 0.5%. The most common vessel shunted was the SFA (23.9%) followed by popliteal A (18.8%) and brachial A (13.2%). An argyle shunt (81.2%) was the most common conduit followed by Pruitt-Inahara (9.4%). Dwell time was <6h in 61.4%, 24h in 86.5%, 48h in 95.9% with only 4.1% remaining in place for >48h. 81.6% survived to definitive repair, 79.6% survived overall. Complications included shunt @entity715 (5.6%) and dislodgment (1.4%). There was no association between dwell time and shunt @entity715 . Use of a non-commercial shunt (chest tube/feeding tube) did not impact shunt @entity715 but was an independent risk factor for subsequent graft failure. The limb salvage rate was 96.3%. No deaths could be attributed to a shunt complication. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest civilian TIVS experience insertion to date, both damage control and staged orthopedic @entity1317 were common indications for shunting. With an acceptable complication burden and no associated mortality attributed to this technique, shunting should be considered a viable treatment option. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, therapeutic.

title: Multicenter Evaluation of Temporary Intravascular Shunt Usage in Vascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Modular tissue engineering is a novel approach to assemble tissues with an inherent vascularization. In this article, we evaluated whether endothelialized module-driven vascularization enhances islet engraftment in @entity6 @entity35 . Two thousand islets were transplanted in the omental pouch of syngeneic and allogeneic immunosuppressed @entity6 recipients as free islets, islets in collagen modules, or islets in endothelialized modules. Transplantation of islets in endothelialized modules significantly increased the vessel density compared with controls. Donor green fluorescent protein-positive endothelial cells (ECs) formed vessels in proximity to transplanted islets; donor vessels connected to host vasculature as the vessels included erythrocytes in their lumens and were supported by host smooth muscle cells by 21 days. Transplantation of 2000 islets reversed @entity6 in two of five of syngeneic recipients until 60 days, although there was no apparent benefit to islet function of adding ECs relative to collagen modules without EC. However, there was a trend toward increased viability when islets were implanted in endothelialized modules compared with collagen modules at 21 days. Meanwhile, 2000 islets in allogeneic immunosuppressed recipients lowered blood @entity413 levels short term, but there was graft failure within 1 week. This study explored the simultaneous transplantation of primary ECs with islets in @entity6 recipients. The endothelialized modular approach increased vessel density around transplanted islets. Further modulation (i.e., acceleration) of vessel maturation, is presumed necessary to improve islet engraftment.

title: Application of an endothelialized modular construct for islet transplantation in syngeneic and allogeneic immunosuppressed XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Gender differences in biological substrates of disease determine different clinical manifestations of @entity66 with important implications for prevention, diagnosis and therapy in the two sexes. In @entity1 , the activity of sex hormones reduces the influence of CV risk factors during the reproductive age, and delays the onset of CHD of 2 decades compared to @entity1 . However, @entity1 as @entity1 suffer from CV events, and in @entity1 mortality from all CV causes and have greater than the sum of the others 7 causes of @entity204 together. @entity1 are more likely than @entity1 to die of a first @entity583 a probability of developing @entity712 or a second @entity1188 than their male counterparts. The levels of lipid components vary in different ages of life and in the two genders. TC and LDL increase in @entity1 between 35 and 50 years of age. On the contrary LDL levels do not change significantly in fertile @entity1 in which they have a lower predictive value for CHD than in @entity1 , HDL levels are higher in premenopausal @entity1 than in @entity1 of the same age and their role in predicting CHD is considerably higher in @entity1 . High @entity1674 and @entity3452 are more important as a risk factor in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Because of the greater incidence of @entity65 in @entity1 until the early 80s, the information about the importance of risk factors associated with an increased risk of @entity65 has been gathered mainly in @entity1 and transferred to @entity1 . Most studies on lipid-lowering therapy did not have the adequate statistical power to show significant reductions in CV events in @entity1 . Regarding the indications for use of statins in daily practice, current data suggest that in secondary prevention statins are equally effective in both genders while in primary prevention the CV benefits of lipid-lowering therapy in @entity1 are less clear than in @entity1 and therefore should be used according to the degree of risk calculated from the available score systems.

title: Gender-specific aspects in primary and secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CV disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: AIM: The fetal or post-natal diagnosis of major @entity299 has important medical and psychological consequences. METHODS: We reviewed @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery in the first year of life at the Heart Centre for @entity1 , The @entity1 's Hospital at Westmead during 2009. The aims of this study were to: (i) examine the key features of cardiac diagnosis and clinical outcome, and (ii) consider how these data can inform priorities for the delivery of clinical services. RESULTS: Over the 12-month study period, a first cardiac surgical procedure was performed on 195 @entity1 , with 85 @entity1 (44%) diagnosed in the antenatal period. Of the total sample, a subset of 90 babies (46%) underwent their first procedure in the neonatal period, with 62% having had a fetal diagnosis. Major @entity75 including truncus arteriosus (100%), single ventricular lesions (83%), @entity1146 with @entity1757 (78%) and @entity3886 (53%) were diagnosed prior to birth. Improved haemodynamic stability at initial presentation was found in those with a fetal diagnosis. The overall mortality rate for all @entity1 was 6.1% at 12 months, with a higher mortality in @entity1 with single ventricle. CONCLUSIONS: The contemporary paradigm of care for @entity1 with major @entity299 requires a multidisciplinary approach to care, with improvements in clinician-clinician and clinician-family communication, and psychological support and education for families. Changes in the allocation of resources are required to meet this model of best practice.

title: Fetal and post-natal diagnosis of major XXXX : implications for medical and psychological care in the current era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac abnormality', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity320 continues to increase each year with poor prognosis for survival in many relapse cases. To reverse this trend, whole body response measures are needed to discover collaborative paths to primary and secondary malignancy. Several species of fish provide excellent @entity320 models because fish and @entity1 melanocytes both appear in the epidermis, and fish and @entity1 @entity5 share conserved gene expression signatures. For the first time, we have examined the whole body transcriptome response to invasive @entity320 as a prelude to using transcriptome profiling to screen for drugs in a @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) model. We generated RNA-seq data from whole body RNA isolates for controls and @entity320 fish. After testing for differential expression, 396 genes had significantly different expression (adjusted p-value <0.02) in the whole body transcriptome between @entity320 and control fish; 379 of these genes were matched to @entity1 orthologs with 233 having annotated @entity1 gene symbols and 14 matched genes that contain putative deleterious variants in @entity1 @entity320 at varying levels of recurrence. A detailed canonical pathway evaluation for significant enrichment showed the top scoring pathway to be antigen presentation but also included the expected melanocyte development and pigmentation signaling pathway. Results revealed a profound down-regulation of genes involved in the immune response, especially the innate immune system. We hypothesize that the developing @entity320 actively suppresses the immune system responses of the body in reacting to the invasive malignancy, and that this mal-adaptive response contributes to disease progression, a result that suggests our whole-body transcriptomic approach merits further use. In these findings, we also observed novel genes not yet identified in @entity1 @entity320 expression studies and uncovered known and new candidate drug targets for further testing in this @entity320 @entity7021 model.

title: Whole Body Melanoma Transcriptome Response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pigment cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Oryzias latipes', 'medaka']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['Medaka']


abstract: Improved accuracy in predicting @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 is needed. The addition of @entity633 to established methods of @entity301 risk calculation was reported in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort. In this study, the addition of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using data from 4,549 American Indian SHS @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years. After adjustment for Framingham @entity301 risk factors, hazard ratios for eGFR as a predictor of @entity301 were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.13) in @entity1 and 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.13) in @entity1 . Models including @entity633 , eGFR, or both scored higher in discriminatory power than models using conventional risk factors alone in @entity1 ; in @entity1 , the improvement was seen only for @entity633 and the combination of @entity633 and eGFR. Hosmer-Lemeshow assessments showed good calibration for the models using eGFR alone in both genders, followed by models including @entity633 alone in both genders. Adding eGFR improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) in @entity1 (0.085, p = 0.0004) but not in @entity1 (0.010, p = 0.1967). NRI and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were improved in both genders using @entity633 and eGFR (NRI 0.135, p <0.0001, and IDI 0.027, p <0.0001 in @entity1 ; NRI 0.035, p <0.0196, and IDI 0.008, p <0.0156 in @entity1 ). Therefore, a risk calculator including @entity633 enhances @entity301 prediction compared to a calculator using only standard risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 . Including eGFR alone improves risk prediction in @entity1 , but for @entity1 , it is preferable to include eGFR and @entity633 . In conclusion, this enhanced calculator should be useful in estimating @entity301 risk in populations with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

title: Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rates and @entity633 in predicting risk of @entity301 in a population with high prevalence of @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Improved accuracy in predicting @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 is needed. The addition of @entity633 to established methods of @entity301 risk calculation was reported in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort. In this study, the addition of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using data from 4,549 American Indian SHS @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years. After adjustment for Framingham @entity301 risk factors, hazard ratios for eGFR as a predictor of @entity301 were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.13) in @entity1 and 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.13) in @entity1 . Models including @entity633 , eGFR, or both scored higher in discriminatory power than models using conventional risk factors alone in @entity1 ; in @entity1 , the improvement was seen only for @entity633 and the combination of @entity633 and eGFR. Hosmer-Lemeshow assessments showed good calibration for the models using eGFR alone in both genders, followed by models including @entity633 alone in both genders. Adding eGFR improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) in @entity1 (0.085, p = 0.0004) but not in @entity1 (0.010, p = 0.1967). NRI and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were improved in both genders using @entity633 and eGFR (NRI 0.135, p <0.0001, and IDI 0.027, p <0.0001 in @entity1 ; NRI 0.035, p <0.0196, and IDI 0.008, p <0.0156 in @entity1 ). Therefore, a risk calculator including @entity633 enhances @entity301 prediction compared to a calculator using only standard risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 . Including eGFR alone improves risk prediction in @entity1 , but for @entity1 , it is preferable to include eGFR and @entity633 . In conclusion, this enhanced calculator should be useful in estimating @entity301 risk in populations with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

title: Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rates and @entity633 in predicting risk of @entity301 in a population with high prevalence of XXXX and @entity8 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Improved accuracy in predicting @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 is needed. The addition of @entity633 to established methods of @entity301 risk calculation was reported in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort. In this study, the addition of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using data from 4,549 American Indian SHS @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years. After adjustment for Framingham @entity301 risk factors, hazard ratios for eGFR as a predictor of @entity301 were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.13) in @entity1 and 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.13) in @entity1 . Models including @entity633 , eGFR, or both scored higher in discriminatory power than models using conventional risk factors alone in @entity1 ; in @entity1 , the improvement was seen only for @entity633 and the combination of @entity633 and eGFR. Hosmer-Lemeshow assessments showed good calibration for the models using eGFR alone in both genders, followed by models including @entity633 alone in both genders. Adding eGFR improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) in @entity1 (0.085, p = 0.0004) but not in @entity1 (0.010, p = 0.1967). NRI and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were improved in both genders using @entity633 and eGFR (NRI 0.135, p <0.0001, and IDI 0.027, p <0.0001 in @entity1 ; NRI 0.035, p <0.0196, and IDI 0.008, p <0.0156 in @entity1 ). Therefore, a risk calculator including @entity633 enhances @entity301 prediction compared to a calculator using only standard risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 . Including eGFR alone improves risk prediction in @entity1 , but for @entity1 , it is preferable to include eGFR and @entity633 . In conclusion, this enhanced calculator should be useful in estimating @entity301 risk in populations with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

title: Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rates and @entity633 in predicting risk of XXXX in a population with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Improved accuracy in predicting @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 is needed. The addition of @entity633 to established methods of @entity301 risk calculation was reported in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort. In this study, the addition of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using data from 4,549 American Indian SHS @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years. After adjustment for Framingham @entity301 risk factors, hazard ratios for eGFR as a predictor of @entity301 were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.13) in @entity1 and 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.13) in @entity1 . Models including @entity633 , eGFR, or both scored higher in discriminatory power than models using conventional risk factors alone in @entity1 ; in @entity1 , the improvement was seen only for @entity633 and the combination of @entity633 and eGFR. Hosmer-Lemeshow assessments showed good calibration for the models using eGFR alone in both genders, followed by models including @entity633 alone in both genders. Adding eGFR improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) in @entity1 (0.085, p = 0.0004) but not in @entity1 (0.010, p = 0.1967). NRI and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were improved in both genders using @entity633 and eGFR (NRI 0.135, p <0.0001, and IDI 0.027, p <0.0001 in @entity1 ; NRI 0.035, p <0.0196, and IDI 0.008, p <0.0156 in @entity1 ). Therefore, a risk calculator including @entity633 enhances @entity301 prediction compared to a calculator using only standard risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 . Including eGFR alone improves risk prediction in @entity1 , but for @entity1 , it is preferable to include eGFR and @entity633 . In conclusion, this enhanced calculator should be useful in estimating @entity301 risk in populations with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

title: Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rates and XXXX in predicting risk of @entity301 in a population with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become one of the often applied mechanical support for acute @entity1455 . During venoarterial (VA) ECMO support, left heart decompression should be considered when left ventricular (LV) distension develops with @entity3126 and @entity1002 . The aim of this study is to report the results of transaortic catheter venting ( @entity35688 ), as an alternative venting method, performed during VA ECMO in @entity1 with acute @entity1455 . We retrospectively reviewed the records of seven @entity1 who underwent both ECMO and @entity35688 between February 2013 and February 2014. ECMO was performed uneventfully, and @entity35688 was introduced under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance in all cases. Hemodynamic parameters, LV ejection fraction and LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) were measured 24 hours after initiating @entity35688 in survivors. There were no procedure-related complications. Four of seven @entity1 (58%) survived. @entity35688 led to an increase in mean blood pressure in all @entity1 (P=0.050). There was a significant difference between pre- and post- @entity35688 -LVEDD (59    14 vs. 50    12 (mm), P=0.044), with a 10% to 23% reduction in LVEDD in survivors. @entity35688 might be an acceptable alternative to venting procedures and useful for LV recovery during VA ECMO in @entity1 with severe @entity1002 .

title: Initial Experience of Transaortic Catheter Venting in XXXX with Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiogenic Shock.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence of @entity5 is constantly increasing as a result of over-proportional ageing of the population in industrialized nations. Follow-up of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) primarily relies on the detection of either relapse or progression and does not include screening for second @entity5 . This study investigated the incidence of independent non-urothelial second @entity5 and associated risk factors in @entity1 with NMIBC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The charts of 380 consecutive @entity1 (297 @entity1 and 83 @entity1 ) with newly diagnosed NMIBC over a 16-year period at a Swiss hospital were analysed retrospectively. Age, stage of @entity150 , smoking status, and occurrence of second and third @entity5 were registered. Observed incidences of independent non-urothelial @entity5 were compared with age- and gender-specific rates based on data from the National Institute for @entity5 Epidemiology and Registration by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). RESULTS: Mean age at first NMIBC diagnosis was 69.9 years. Histological stage of the NMIBC was pTa in 241 @entity1 (63.4%), @entity2558 in 102 (26.8%)and pTis in 37 (9.7%). During follow-up, 62 independent non-urothelial second or third @entity5 were observed in 48 @entity1 (16.2%) and 10 @entity1 (12.0%). In male @entity1 , @entity263 (SIR 4.3 and 5.7, respectively) were more frequent than expected in the general population, as were lung and uterine @entity5 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up in @entity1 with NMIBC should pay special attention to independent non-urothelial @entity5 . Investigations for non-urological @entity5 , especially for @entity2 , should form part of the standard follow-up in NMIBC @entity1 .

title: High incidence of independent second @entity5 after non-muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital tumours', 'malignant disease', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'bladder tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The incidence of @entity5 is constantly increasing as a result of over-proportional ageing of the population in industrialized nations. Follow-up of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) primarily relies on the detection of either relapse or progression and does not include screening for second @entity5 . This study investigated the incidence of independent non-urothelial second @entity5 and associated risk factors in @entity1 with NMIBC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The charts of 380 consecutive @entity1 (297 @entity1 and 83 @entity1 ) with newly diagnosed NMIBC over a 16-year period at a Swiss hospital were analysed retrospectively. Age, stage of @entity150 , smoking status, and occurrence of second and third @entity5 were registered. Observed incidences of independent non-urothelial @entity5 were compared with age- and gender-specific rates based on data from the National Institute for @entity5 Epidemiology and Registration by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). RESULTS: Mean age at first NMIBC diagnosis was 69.9 years. Histological stage of the NMIBC was pTa in 241 @entity1 (63.4%), @entity2558 in 102 (26.8%)and pTis in 37 (9.7%). During follow-up, 62 independent non-urothelial second or third @entity5 were observed in 48 @entity1 (16.2%) and 10 @entity1 (12.0%). In male @entity1 , @entity263 (SIR 4.3 and 5.7, respectively) were more frequent than expected in the general population, as were lung and uterine @entity5 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up in @entity1 with NMIBC should pay special attention to independent non-urothelial @entity5 . Investigations for non-urological @entity5 , especially for @entity2 , should form part of the standard follow-up in NMIBC @entity1 .

title: High incidence of independent second XXXX after non-muscle-invasive @entity150 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: The hybrid sterility gene S5 comprises three types of alleles in cultivated rice @entity579 ch tri-allelic system provided a unique opportunity to study the molecular bases of evolutionary changes underlying reproductive isolation in plants.     We analysed the sequence diversity and evolutionary history of S5 in 138 Oryza accessions. We also examined the effect of the two functional variations (C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 determining hybrid sterility by transformation.     Nineteen haplotypes were identified, which were classified into the indica-like, the japonica-like and the wide-compatibility gene (WCG)-like group, according to the sequence features of the tri-allelic system. The origin and evolutionary course of the three allelic groups were investigated, thus confirming the independent origins of indica and japonica subspecies. There were perfect associations between C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 the rice @entity579 mplasm assayed, and the combination of C819 and C1412 was required for hybrid sterility. Evidence of positive selection in the WCG-like alleles suggested that they might have been favored by selection for higher compatibility in hybrids.     The complex evolution of S5 revealed the counteractive function of the three allelic groups at the species level. S5 might perform an important primary function in an evolutionary scale, and hybrid sterility acts as a 'byproduct' of this speciation gene.

title: Complex evolution of S5, a major reproductive barrier regulator, in the cultivated XXXX @entity579 and its wild relatives.

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The hybrid sterility gene S5 comprises three types of alleles in cultivated rice @entity579 ch tri-allelic system provided a unique opportunity to study the molecular bases of evolutionary changes underlying reproductive isolation in plants.     We analysed the sequence diversity and evolutionary history of S5 in 138 Oryza accessions. We also examined the effect of the two functional variations (C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 determining hybrid sterility by transformation.     Nineteen haplotypes were identified, which were classified into the indica-like, the japonica-like and the wide-compatibility gene (WCG)-like group, according to the sequence features of the tri-allelic system. The origin and evolutionary course of the three allelic groups were investigated, thus confirming the independent origins of indica and japonica subspecies. There were perfect associations between C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 the rice @entity579 mplasm assayed, and the combination of C819 and C1412 was required for hybrid sterility. Evidence of positive selection in the WCG-like alleles suggested that they might have been favored by selection for higher compatibility in hybrids.     The complex evolution of S5 revealed the counteractive function of the three allelic groups at the species level. S5 might perform an important primary function in an evolutionary scale, and hybrid sterility acts as a 'byproduct' of this speciation gene.

title: Complex evolution of S5, a major reproductive barrier regulator, in the cultivated @entity579 XXXX and its wild relatives.

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Oryza sativa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent rise in the incidence of @entity263 and a more favorable outcome have increased the proportions of other causes of @entity204 in affected @entity1 . Extending the survival of @entity263 @entity1 thus requires knowledge of all causes of @entity204 . METHODS: Data on the population, @entity5 , and causes of @entity204 were gathered from the nationwide Swedish Family- @entity5 Database. A Cox regression model, @entity263 @entity1 with all other @entity1 , was applied. Hazard ratios ( @entity712 ) were calculated both for the underlying cause and for dying with a specific cause listed among multiple causes of @entity204 . FINDINGS: Among 686,500 observed deaths, 62,500 were @entity263 @entity1 . For underlying causes other than @entity263 , the highest cause-specific HRs were found for external causes ( @entity712 , 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.31), diseases of the pulmonary circulation ( @entity712 , 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.37), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.24). For specific multiple causes, the highest HRs were found for @entity417 ( @entity712 , 2.28; 95% CI, 2.14-2.42), diseases of the pulmonary circulation ( @entity712 , 1.61; 95% CI, 1.55-1.68), and @entity1494 ( @entity712 , 1.90; 95% CI, 1.84-1.96). INTERPRETATIONS: @entity263 @entity1 have a higher risk for dying from various causes other than @entity263 , including external causes and @entity712 . Mechanisms have been proposed linking these elevated risks to both @entity5 and treatment. More attention should be paid to comorbidities in @entity1 with @entity263 . The present study fulfills a gap in the knowledge of @entity204 causes in @entity263 @entity1 .

title: What do XXXX @entity1 die of?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HR', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['comparing prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary system disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent rise in the incidence of @entity263 and a more favorable outcome have increased the proportions of other causes of @entity204 in affected @entity1 . Extending the survival of @entity263 @entity1 thus requires knowledge of all causes of @entity204 . METHODS: Data on the population, @entity5 , and causes of @entity204 were gathered from the nationwide Swedish Family- @entity5 Database. A Cox regression model, @entity263 @entity1 with all other @entity1 , was applied. Hazard ratios ( @entity712 ) were calculated both for the underlying cause and for dying with a specific cause listed among multiple causes of @entity204 . FINDINGS: Among 686,500 observed deaths, 62,500 were @entity263 @entity1 . For underlying causes other than @entity263 , the highest cause-specific HRs were found for external causes ( @entity712 , 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.31), diseases of the pulmonary circulation ( @entity712 , 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.37), and @entity712 ( @entity712 , 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.24). For specific multiple causes, the highest HRs were found for @entity417 ( @entity712 , 2.28; 95% CI, 2.14-2.42), diseases of the pulmonary circulation ( @entity712 , 1.61; 95% CI, 1.55-1.68), and @entity1494 ( @entity712 , 1.90; 95% CI, 1.84-1.96). INTERPRETATIONS: @entity263 @entity1 have a higher risk for dying from various causes other than @entity263 , including external causes and @entity712 . Mechanisms have been proposed linking these elevated risks to both @entity5 and treatment. More attention should be paid to comorbidities in @entity1 with @entity263 . The present study fulfills a gap in the knowledge of @entity204 causes in @entity263 @entity1 .

title: What do @entity263 XXXX die of?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management and outcome of pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity21715 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including all the pregnant @entity1 with @entity21715 followed between January 2000 and January 2008 in a University Hospital (h  pital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille, France). We report our experience of 18 pregnancies in 13 @entity1 . The management and the complications of these pregnancies were reported. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were treated with low dose @entity117 during the pregnancy. We observed one intrauterine @entity204 , one premature delivery at 29  weeks of gestation and six maternal @entity548 at delivery (33%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is essential to treat these @entity1 with low dose @entity117 as soon as the pregnancy begins. @entity117 will be continued in postpartum with anticoagulant treatment. This management appears to improve the obstetric outcome and decrease the @entity715 usually described. A national register seems to be necessary to evaluate the complications occurring during pregnancy and the optimum follow-up.

title: [Pregnancy and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity21715 :: ('MESH:C538068', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocytemia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity21715 :: (MESH:C538068,Disease) :: ['essential thrombocytemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In spite of controversial issues, pancreatectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NeoCRT) has been applied in treating advanced @entity788 . Cases of pathological complete remission (pCR) following NeoCRT is rare, and its long-term follow-up data are still lacking.From January 2000 to December 2012, medical records of the @entity1 who underwent pancreatectomy for @entity1124 were retrospectively reviewed. Characteristics of the @entity1 with pCR were summarized and their long-term follow-up data were analyzed.Among 86 @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent radical pancreatectomy following NeoCRT, 10 @entity1 (11.6%) were reported to pCR. Nine out of 10 @entity1 received @entity136 -based chemoradiation therapy. Median pre-NeoCRT serum CA 19-9 was 313.5U/ml, and post-NeoCRT serum CA 19-9 was 9.9U/ml, which was shown to be significant difference between 2 serum CA 19-9 level (P=0.005). Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done in 8 @entity1 , and the others received distal pancreatosplenectomy. Postoperative chemotherapy was received in 6 @entity1 . Disease-free survival was statistically superior in @entity1 with pCR than @entity1 without pCR (P<0.05). However, 5 @entity1 experienced @entity5 recurrence and no clinicopathologic variables including preoperative resectability could not predict the potential recurrence of @entity5 in @entity1 with pCR (P>0.05).pCR is rarely reported following NeoCRT, but this condition is not telling the cure of the disease. Early recurrence in the pattern of liver @entity3 and peritoneal seeding can be expected. However, long-term survival could be maintained in @entity1 without recurrence. Further investigation is necessary for predicting failure of treatment.

title: Pathological Complete Remission of XXXX Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy; Not the End of Battles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: The @entity3966 @entity3966 is the primary vector of the most prevalent vector-borne zoonosis in North America, @entity3001 ( @entity3001 ). Enzootic maintenance of the pathogen @entity2069 by @entity3966 and small mammals is well documented, whereas its "cryptic" maintenance by other specialist ticks and wildlife hosts remains largely unexplored because these ticks rarely bite @entity1 . We quantified @entity2069 @entity281 in a cryptic bird- @entity95 -tick cycle. Furthermore, we explored the role of birds in maintaining and moving @entity2069 strains by comparing their genetic diversity in this cryptic cycle to that found in cycles vectored by @entity3966 . We examined birds, @entity95 , and small mammals for ticks and @entity281 over a 4-year period at a focal site in Michigan, 90 km east of a zone of @entity3966 invasion. We mist netted 19,631 birds that yielded 12,301 ticks, of which 86% were I. dentatus, a bird- @entity95 specialist. No resident wildlife harbored @entity3966 , and yet 3.5% of bird-derived ticks, 3.6% of @entity95 -derived ticks, and 20% of @entity95 ear biopsy specimens were infected with @entity2069 . We identified 25 closely related @entity2069 strains using an rRNA gene intergenic spacer marker, the majority (68%) of which had not been reported previously. The presence of strains common to both cryptic and endemic cycles strongly implies bird-mediated dispersal. Given continued large-scale expansion of @entity3966 populations, we predict that its invasion into zones of cryptic transmission will allow for bridging of novel pathogen strains to @entity1 and animals.

title: Diverse XXXX strains in a bird-tick cryptic cycle.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['LD', 'Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. scapularis', 'blacklegged tick', 'Ixodes scapularis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity756 ( @entity756 ) is suggested as a novel factor associated with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated plasma @entity756 with cardiovascular risk till now. Hence, we aimed to prospectively investigate the association between baseline @entity756 and cardiovascular risk graded with number of risk factors (RFs), coronary severity, and outcomes in @entity1 with stable @entity453 .Baseline characteristics and biomarkers were measured in 616 consecutive, nontreated @entity1 with stable @entity453 . Coronary severity was measured using SYNTAX, Gensini, and Jeopardy scoring systems. @entity1 were then received treatment and followed for a median of 17 months. The primary endpoints were @entity204 , @entity64 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), post-discharge revascularization, or @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ).Overall, follow-up data were obtained from 603 @entity1 . A total of 72 (11.9%) @entity1 presented with at least 1 major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) (4 @entity204 , 4 @entity64 , 6 MIs, 28 revascularizations, and 30 UAs). At baseline, @entity756 was increased with an increasing number of RFs and positively associated with coronary severity scores (P<0.05, all). After follow-up, those with MACE had a higher baseline @entity756 , hs-CRP, and coronary scores than those without (P<0.05, all). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity756 , hs-CRP, and coronary scores were independently predictive for MACEs (P<0.05, all). Interestingly, more significant predictive values of @entity756 in medical-alone-treated population but no such associations in revascularization-treated @entity1 were found.Together, plasma @entity756 , as well as hs-CRP and coronary scores, could independently predict MACEs in @entity1 with stable @entity453 .

title: Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9, C-Reactive Protein, Coronary Severity, and Outcomes in XXXX With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity756 :: ('255738', 'Gene') :: ['PCSK9', 'Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging findings after radiofrequency ablation of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the imaging findings of all @entity1 with @entity5 treated with radiofrequency ablation in our department from January 2001 through August 2009. The studies were reviewed in consensus by two attending abdominal imaging radiologists and an abdominal imaging fellow. Imaging findings before, immediately after, and at short- and long-term follow-up after ablation were recorded. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (seven @entity1 , seven @entity1 ; mean age, 56    8.4 years) underwent radiofrequency ablation of @entity5 . One case of small pneumothorax and one case of small hemothorax were the only minor complications (complication rate, 14%). The expected side effects of radiofrequency ablation were found in 35% of @entity1 : in two @entity1 adjacent liver parenchyma was ablated, in two @entity1 the diaphragmatic crus was injured, and in two @entity1 local @entity1410 occurred (in one @entity1 , both adjacent liver and diaphragmatic crus were ablated). Immediate soft-tissue findings after radiofrequency ablation included air bubbles in 12 @entity1 (86%) and fat stranding around the adrenal gland in 13 @entity1 (93%). A fat rim sign was found in 60% of @entity1 at long-term follow-up. The attenuation of the @entity5 immediately after the procedure increased an average of 7 HU (median, 5 HU; range, -2 to 18 HU) and tended to decrease in long-term follow-up. At long-term follow-up, most (75%) of the @entity5 had decreased in size and attenuation. CONCLUSION: Air bubbles and fat stranding are frequently seen immediately after radiofrequency ablation of @entity5 . A fat rim sign is a common finding at long-term follow-up. Attenuation of the ablated zone increases immediately after the procedure and decreases in long-term follow-up. The volume of the ablated zone has a variable size response, suggesting the need for baseline imaging.

title: Imaging findings after radiofrequency ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of @entity419 PET/CT, MRI with and without diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced MDCT in the detection of peritoneal dissemination of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the cases of 107 @entity1 who underwent PET/CT and 130 @entity1 who underwent MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT. Twenty-six @entity1 who underwent PET/CT and 23 who underwent MRI and contrast-enhanced MDCT were found to have peritoneal dissemination. All images were independently evaluated by two radiologists using a 5-point grading system. The results of PET/CT, T1- and T2-weighted MRI without DWI, MRI with DWI (b = 1,000 s/mm(2)), and contrast-enhanced MDCT were compared @entity1 by @entity1 and lesion by lesion by use of receiver operating characteristics analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were calculated and compared by use of the chi-square test. RESULTS: @entity1 by @entity1 , the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of MRI without DWI (0.88) was significantly less than that of the other modalities (contrast-enhanced MDCT, 0.91; MRI with DWI, 0.93; PET/CT, 0.97). The sensitivity of PET/CT (94%) was significantly higher than that of MRI without DWI (70%). The specificities of the modalities were not significantly different. In lesion-by-lesion analysis, MRI without DWI had significantly lower sensitivity (56%) than the other modalities (contrast-enhanced MDCT, 76%; MRI with DWI, 84%; PET/CT, 89%). The positive predictive value of PET/CT (93%) was significantly higher than that of the other three modalities (contrast-enhanced MDCT, 73%; MRI without DWI, 70%; MRI with DWI, 72%). CONCLUSION: PET/CT is the most useful technique for pathologic staging in the care of @entity1 with @entity5 . If PET/CT is not available, DWI can be used as a screening tool.

title: Diagnosis of peritoneal dissemination: comparison of XXXX PET/CT, diffusion-weighted MRI, and contrast-enhanced MDCT.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']