abstract: We analyzed immunohistochemically the tissue distribution of the three major transforming growth factors-beta isoforms ( @entity2533 ) in tissue samples from 38 @entity1 with @entity957 . Besides a qualitative evaluation, the number of the respectively labeled cells was determined by morphometric analysis. In all @entity5 samples a significant staining of most @entity5 cells was seen both for the @entity2533 isoforms and the TBRs. Similarly, the majority of stromal cells were labeled. On semiserial sections, there were only minor differences in the distribution pattern and in the number of labeled cells between the three @entity2533 isoforms and the TBRs, suggesting that most @entity5 cells are actively involved in the neosynthesis of TGF-betas and TBRs; accordingly, at least most @entity5 cells seem to be capable of producing more than one @entity2533 form and in parallel several TBRs. With decreasing @entity5 cell differentiation the number of @entity2533 - and TBR-positive @entity5 cells decreased slightly (but not to a statistically significant degree). Interestingly, the stromal cells were labeled for TGF-betas and TBRs to a lower extent than the epithelial cells, and there was no significant difference between non- @entity5 -associated control stroma and the immediate peritumoral stroma. Our observations suggest an even, enhanced level of @entity2533 production in @entity957 , which may explain some well-known side-effects of @entity5 growth, such as @entity3985 . In addition, the presence of immunoreactive TBR-proteins in the vast majority of @entity5 cells excludes the mere absence of TBRs in those @entity189 as the cause for inappropriate @entity2533 function in the @entity5 cells. This in turn suggests that molecular alterations either of the TBR-proteins non-affecting the synthesis and turnover or downstream alterations of the @entity2533 signaling pathway may be main reasons for the loss of response of the @entity5 cells to the enhanced amounts of TGF-betas.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of major XXXX isoforms and their receptors in @entity189 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: A lower threshold for treatment of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity4968 has been advocated in chronic heavy users of @entity167 , based originally on animal studies indicating that chronic @entity167 ingestion increased hepatotoxicity. This was attributed to increased production of the toxic metabolite, @entity33309 , by @entity5321 induction. The clinical evidence for increased risk is limited to four retrospective studies with potential for referral and reporting bias and conflicting results. No study has specifically addressed the issue of the treatment threshold for acute @entity1443 @entity1445 in chronic @entity167 users. However, animal studies in multiple species have consistently shown a lower dose of @entity1443 is required to produce hepatotoxicity after chronic @entity167 use. The knowledge of potential mechanisms has expanded to include effects of other @entity4313 , such as @entity26483 , induction of CYP enzymes other than @entity5321 and @entity2041 depletion. There are no convincing reasons or data to suggest these findings do not apply to @entity1 . However, further @entity1 toxicokinetic and clinical research is required to quantify the extent of the interaction. Arguments about treating @entity1445 should not be confused with those about whether there is an @entity167 - @entity1443 interaction at therapeutic doses. Halving the threshold dose/concentration for treatment is a conservative educated guess that has been widely adopted. In @entity1445 , the potential benefits of treatment at this lower threshold clearly outweigh the minimal risks of @entity898 .

title: Should a lower treatment line be used when treating XXXX @entity4968 in @entity1 with chronic alcoholism?: a case for.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity26483 :: ('MESH:C029683', 'Chemical') :: ['isopentanol']

entities_list: @entity33309 :: ('MESH:C028473', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: A lower threshold for treatment of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity4968 has been advocated in chronic heavy users of @entity167 , based originally on animal studies indicating that chronic @entity167 ingestion increased hepatotoxicity. This was attributed to increased production of the toxic metabolite, @entity33309 , by @entity5321 induction. The clinical evidence for increased risk is limited to four retrospective studies with potential for referral and reporting bias and conflicting results. No study has specifically addressed the issue of the treatment threshold for acute @entity1443 @entity1445 in chronic @entity167 users. However, animal studies in multiple species have consistently shown a lower dose of @entity1443 is required to produce hepatotoxicity after chronic @entity167 use. The knowledge of potential mechanisms has expanded to include effects of other @entity4313 , such as @entity26483 , induction of CYP enzymes other than @entity5321 and @entity2041 depletion. There are no convincing reasons or data to suggest these findings do not apply to @entity1 . However, further @entity1 toxicokinetic and clinical research is required to quantify the extent of the interaction. Arguments about treating @entity1445 should not be confused with those about whether there is an @entity167 - @entity1443 interaction at therapeutic doses. Halving the threshold dose/concentration for treatment is a conservative educated guess that has been widely adopted. In @entity1445 , the potential benefits of treatment at this lower threshold clearly outweigh the minimal risks of @entity898 .

title: Should a lower treatment line be used when treating @entity1443 XXXX in @entity1 with chronic alcoholism?: a case for.

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: A lower threshold for treatment of @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity4968 has been advocated in chronic heavy users of @entity167 , based originally on animal studies indicating that chronic @entity167 ingestion increased hepatotoxicity. This was attributed to increased production of the toxic metabolite, @entity33309 , by @entity5321 induction. The clinical evidence for increased risk is limited to four retrospective studies with potential for referral and reporting bias and conflicting results. No study has specifically addressed the issue of the treatment threshold for acute @entity1443 @entity1445 in chronic @entity167 users. However, animal studies in multiple species have consistently shown a lower dose of @entity1443 is required to produce hepatotoxicity after chronic @entity167 use. The knowledge of potential mechanisms has expanded to include effects of other @entity4313 , such as @entity26483 , induction of CYP enzymes other than @entity5321 and @entity2041 depletion. There are no convincing reasons or data to suggest these findings do not apply to @entity1 . However, further @entity1 toxicokinetic and clinical research is required to quantify the extent of the interaction. Arguments about treating @entity1445 should not be confused with those about whether there is an @entity167 - @entity1443 interaction at therapeutic doses. Halving the threshold dose/concentration for treatment is a conservative educated guess that has been widely adopted. In @entity1445 , the potential benefits of treatment at this lower threshold clearly outweigh the minimal risks of @entity898 .

title: Should a lower treatment line be used when treating @entity1443 @entity4968 in XXXX with chronic alcoholism?: a case for.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report interim outcome data, using all available follow-up through 5 years after treatment initiation, in the Collaborative Initial @entity726 Treatment Study (CIGTS). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Six hundred seven newly diagnosed @entity726 @entity1 . METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial, 607 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1538 were initially treated with either medication or trabeculectomy (with or without @entity1487 ). After treatment onset and early follow-up, @entity1 were evaluated clinically at 6-month intervals. In addition, quality of life telephone interviews were conducted at similar frequency to the clinical visits. @entity1 in both arms of CIGTS were treated aggressively in an effort to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) to a level at or below a predetermined target pressure specific for each individual eye. @entity227 ( @entity227 ) scores were analyzed by time-specific comparisons and by repeated measures models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity227 loss was the primary outcome variable in CIGTS. Secondary outcomes of visual acuity (VA), IOP, and @entity231 were also studied. RESULTS: On the basis of completed follow-up through 4 years and partially completed through 5 years, @entity227 loss did not differ significantly by initial treatment. Over the entire period of follow-up, surgical @entity1 had a greater risk of substantial VA loss compared with medical @entity1 . However, by 4 years after treatment, the average VA in the two groups was about equal. Over the course of follow-up, IOP in the medicine group has averaged 17 to 18 mmHg, whereas that in the surgery group averaged 14 to 15 mmHg. The rate of @entity231 requiring removal was greater in the surgically treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Both initial medical or initial surgical therapy result in about the same @entity227 outcome after up to 5 years of follow-up. VA loss was greater in the surgery group, but the differences between groups seem to be converging as follow-up continues. When aggressive treatment aimed at substantial reduction in IOP from baseline is used, loss of @entity227 can be seen to be minimal in general. Because 4 to 5 years of follow-up in a @entity102 is not adequate to draw treatment conclusions, these interim CIGTS outcomes do not support altering current treatment approaches to @entity1538 .

title: Interim clinical outcomes in the Collaborative Initial XXXX Treatment Study comparing initial treatment randomized to medications or surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Susceptibility of the vasculature to the injurious effects of smoking varies substantially, with some smokers developing severe @entity731 and others remaining free of advanced @entity1856 until high ages. The present study sought to estimate the contribution of @entity281 to the variability of @entity731 severity among smokers. METHODS: In the community-based Bruneck Study, 5-year changes in @entity2998 were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound. Early @entity731 was defined by the development of nonstenotic plaques and advanced @entity731 by the development/progression of vessel stenosis >40%. RESULTS: The risk of early @entity731 strongly relied on lifetime smoking exposure and remained elevated long-term after cessation of smoking. Remarkably, current and ex-smokers faced an increased @entity731 risk only in the presence of @entity281 (odds ratios [95% CIs], 3.3 [1.8 to 6.2] and 3.4 [1.8 to 6.3]; P<0.001 each), whereas current, past, and nonsmokers without infections did not differ substantially in their estimated risk burden (odds ratios [95% CIs], 1.4 [0.8 to 2.4], 0.9 [0.6 to 1.6], and 1.0 [reference group]). In analogy to first-hand smoking, subjects exposed to environmental @entity286 smoke were found to be vulnerable to the manifestation of @entity281 , and only those infected experienced a high @entity731 risk. The risk of advanced @entity731 showed a dose-response relation with the number of daily cigarettes, returned to normal shortly after cessation of smoking, and emerged as independent of @entity166 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first epidemiological evidence that the proatherogenic effects of cigarette smoking are mediated in part by the @entity281 found in smokers. A better understanding of the vascular pathogenetic mechanisms of smoking may offer novel clues for disease prevention supplementary to the primary goal of achieving long-term abstinence.

title: Active and passive smoking, @entity281 , and the risk of XXXX : prospective results from the Bruneck Study.

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infections', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious illness']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Susceptibility of the vasculature to the injurious effects of smoking varies substantially, with some smokers developing severe @entity731 and others remaining free of advanced @entity1856 until high ages. The present study sought to estimate the contribution of @entity281 to the variability of @entity731 severity among smokers. METHODS: In the community-based Bruneck Study, 5-year changes in @entity2998 were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound. Early @entity731 was defined by the development of nonstenotic plaques and advanced @entity731 by the development/progression of vessel stenosis >40%. RESULTS: The risk of early @entity731 strongly relied on lifetime smoking exposure and remained elevated long-term after cessation of smoking. Remarkably, current and ex-smokers faced an increased @entity731 risk only in the presence of @entity281 (odds ratios [95% CIs], 3.3 [1.8 to 6.2] and 3.4 [1.8 to 6.3]; P<0.001 each), whereas current, past, and nonsmokers without infections did not differ substantially in their estimated risk burden (odds ratios [95% CIs], 1.4 [0.8 to 2.4], 0.9 [0.6 to 1.6], and 1.0 [reference group]). In analogy to first-hand smoking, subjects exposed to environmental @entity286 smoke were found to be vulnerable to the manifestation of @entity281 , and only those infected experienced a high @entity731 risk. The risk of advanced @entity731 showed a dose-response relation with the number of daily cigarettes, returned to normal shortly after cessation of smoking, and emerged as independent of @entity166 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides the first epidemiological evidence that the proatherogenic effects of cigarette smoking are mediated in part by the @entity281 found in smokers. A better understanding of the vascular pathogenetic mechanisms of smoking may offer novel clues for disease prevention supplementary to the primary goal of achieving long-term abstinence.

title: Active and passive smoking, XXXX , and the risk of @entity2998 : prospective results from the Bruneck Study.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['chronic infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate and review the risk factors and clinical features of @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity64 involving mesencephalon and neighboring structures and to describe the clinical syndromes according to the mesencephalic arterial territory involved. METHODS: We studied all @entity1 with acute posterior circulation @entity64 involving mesencephalon who were admitted consecutively to our @entity64 unit over a 6-year period. We selected these @entity1 (3%) from 1296 @entity1 with posterior circulation @entity1188 . Neurological and radiological investigations, including MRI and angiography, were performed in all cases. We classified @entity1 into 4 groups on the basis of MRI findings: (1) isolated @entity1188 (9 @entity1 ); (2) distal @entity1188 (19 @entity1 ), including mesencephalon, thalamus, medial temporal and occipital lobes, and cerebellum; (3) middle @entity1188 (12 @entity1 ), including the pons and anterior @entity5487 territory; and (4) proximal @entity1188 (1 @entity1 ), including the medulla and posterior @entity5487 territory. RESULTS: Middle mesencephalon involvement was the most common in all groups, and the anteromedial territory was frequently affected, depending on the direct perforators of basilar artery. In @entity1 with isolated @entity1188 , the clinical picture was dominated by nuclear or @entity2895 and @entity717 . The distal territory involvement was the most common and associated with @entity1662 , gait ataxia, ocular motor disturbances, and @entity227 . The neurological picture of middle @entity1188 was dominated by @entity1662 with @entity4653 , @entity2788 , and @entity1269 . Proximal territory involvement was rare and associated with acute unsteadiness, vertigo, @entity1282 , @entity7364 , @entity2055 , and @entity425 . The most common cause of @entity64 was @entity455 in 16 @entity1 (39%), cardioembolism in 8 (20%), and @entity455 with lacunar @entity1188 in 10 (24%). @entity1188 were not uncommon (27%), mainly in @entity1 with multiple and extended @entity1188 in the posterior circulation, and were associated with poor outcome compared with unilateral @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the topographic and clinical heterogeneity of the acute posterior circulation @entity1188 involving mesencephalon. The variety of the underlying potential causes of @entity64 requires detailed investigations of the extra and intracranial arteries and the heart.

title: Mesencephalic and associated posterior circulation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficits']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['large-artery disease', 'small-artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['fascicular third-nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal ocular motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic infarct', 'infarcts', 'infarct', 'mesencephalic infarcts', 'Bilateral mesencephalic infarcts', 'territory infarcts']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['tetra-ataxia']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness disturbances']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence and characteristics of @entity1596 in @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). DESIGN: A prospective observational case series. @entity1 /METHODS: The study covered the new cases detected with @entity4932 (426 @entity1 ), all of whom were referred to an ophthalmologic consultation during 1989 to 1996 at the Pediatric Department of the @entity627 Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 with @entity4932 were followed by ophthalmologic and pediatric examinations two to four times a year. The type and course of @entity625 and presentation and characteristics of @entity1596 were examined prospectively. RESULTS: @entity1596 was detected in 104 of 426 @entity1 (24%). Two thirds of all @entity1 and the same proportion of those with @entity1596 were @entity1 . Proportionally, @entity1596 was found to be as common among @entity1 with @entity4932 (27%) as among those with seronegative @entity625 (25%). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected significantly more frequently in @entity1 with @entity1596 (66%) than among those without @entity1596 (37%) (P < 0.001). The @entity1596 was asymptomatic in 99 cases; only 5 @entity1 had episodes of acute anterior symptomatic @entity1596 . @entity1596 was found before or within 3 months from the onset of recent @entity625 in 51 of 104 @entity1 (49%) and later on in 53 of 104 @entity1 (51%). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity1596 was 5.9 years (range, 1.1-17.7; median, 4.9 years). The mean period from the diagnosis of @entity4932 to the diagnosis of @entity1596 was 1.1 years (range, -2.4-6.5; median, 0.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4932 was 4.8 years (range, 0.6-15; median, 3.2 years) among those with @entity1596 and 7.3 years (range, 0.9-16; median, 6.7 years) among those who did not have it (P < 0.001). @entity1596 was ongoing in 63 @entity1 at the end of the follow-up period. The mean follow-up time was 4.5 years (range, 0-9.7) for all @entity1 and 5.6 years (range, 1.3-9.6) for those with @entity1596 . In most instances, the visual prognosis was good. In 25 of 104 @entity1 (24%) one or more complications of @entity1596 were found, but in only three @entity1 did the visual acuity decrease to 20/60 or less, and none became blind. All the other @entity1 had visual acuity > or = 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 group, @entity1596 in @entity4932 frequently appeared very early after the onset of @entity625 . The @entity1596 was significantly more common in @entity1 with an early onset of @entity625 combined with ANA positivity. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity1596 was as large in those with @entity625 as in those with @entity4932 , with no predilection to @entity1 .

title: Occurrence of XXXX in recently diagnosed @entity4932 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'oligoarthritis', 'JCA']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence and characteristics of @entity1596 in @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). DESIGN: A prospective observational case series. @entity1 /METHODS: The study covered the new cases detected with @entity4932 (426 @entity1 ), all of whom were referred to an ophthalmologic consultation during 1989 to 1996 at the Pediatric Department of the @entity627 Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 with @entity4932 were followed by ophthalmologic and pediatric examinations two to four times a year. The type and course of @entity625 and presentation and characteristics of @entity1596 were examined prospectively. RESULTS: @entity1596 was detected in 104 of 426 @entity1 (24%). Two thirds of all @entity1 and the same proportion of those with @entity1596 were @entity1 . Proportionally, @entity1596 was found to be as common among @entity1 with @entity4932 (27%) as among those with seronegative @entity625 (25%). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected significantly more frequently in @entity1 with @entity1596 (66%) than among those without @entity1596 (37%) (P < 0.001). The @entity1596 was asymptomatic in 99 cases; only 5 @entity1 had episodes of acute anterior symptomatic @entity1596 . @entity1596 was found before or within 3 months from the onset of recent @entity625 in 51 of 104 @entity1 (49%) and later on in 53 of 104 @entity1 (51%). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity1596 was 5.9 years (range, 1.1-17.7; median, 4.9 years). The mean period from the diagnosis of @entity4932 to the diagnosis of @entity1596 was 1.1 years (range, -2.4-6.5; median, 0.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4932 was 4.8 years (range, 0.6-15; median, 3.2 years) among those with @entity1596 and 7.3 years (range, 0.9-16; median, 6.7 years) among those who did not have it (P < 0.001). @entity1596 was ongoing in 63 @entity1 at the end of the follow-up period. The mean follow-up time was 4.5 years (range, 0-9.7) for all @entity1 and 5.6 years (range, 1.3-9.6) for those with @entity1596 . In most instances, the visual prognosis was good. In 25 of 104 @entity1 (24%) one or more complications of @entity1596 were found, but in only three @entity1 did the visual acuity decrease to 20/60 or less, and none became blind. All the other @entity1 had visual acuity > or = 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 group, @entity1596 in @entity4932 frequently appeared very early after the onset of @entity625 . The @entity1596 was significantly more common in @entity1 with an early onset of @entity625 combined with ANA positivity. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity1596 was as large in those with @entity625 as in those with @entity4932 , with no predilection to @entity1 .

title: Occurrence of @entity1596 in recently diagnosed XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common disorder that is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway narrowing and collapse. Obesity is a major risk factor for @entity27 . Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 have greater total body fat and are more @entity28 , and yet the prevalence of @entity27 is much higher in @entity1 . The airway size and compliance and pharyngeal muscle tone are important determinants of upper airway patency during sleep. The discrepancy between greater frequency of @entity28 and lower prevalence of @entity27 in @entity1 has not been explained and suggests a different pathogenetic mechanism underlying this condition. Most clinical studies in @entity27 have either combined the sexes or have described results from @entity1 only. The object of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the effect of @entity28 on pharyngeal size in both @entity1 and @entity1 , and (2) to determine the role of upper airway dimensions in the expression of @entity387 ( @entity387 ) and its relationship to gender. DESIGN: Prospective study of subjects referred for evaluation of @entity387 . SETTING: University-based sleep center. SUBJECTS: Seventy-eight male @entity1 (mean +/- SE age, 49.2 +/- 1.5 years) and 52 female @entity1 (mean age, 47.4 +/- 1.5 years). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All subjects underwent in-laboratory polysomnography with measurement of upper airway size using the acoustic reflectance method. Although the two groups were similar in age, the female @entity1 were slightly heavier than the male @entity1 (body mass index [BMI], 36.0 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2) vs 33.3 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), respectively; p < 0.0001). Despite similar clinical presentation of snoring and excessive @entity25 , @entity1 had mild @entity27 (respiratory disturbance index [RDI], 9.2 +/- 2.7 events per hour) or @entity27 compared with @entity1 with more severe @entity27 (RDI, 28.0 +/- 3.5 events per hour; p < 0.0001). In contrast, @entity1 had a significantly smaller oropharyngeal junction and pharynx than @entity1 (p < 0.02). Upper airway size correlated significantly with the severity of @entity387 in @entity1 only. There was no correlation between BMI and pharyngeal size in either gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the static properties of upper airway in awake @entity1 but not @entity1 correlate with the severity of @entity387 . This suggests inherent structural and functional differences in upper airway during sleep between @entity1 and @entity1 with more favorable airway mechanics in @entity1 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of XXXX : role of upper airway dimensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'sleep apnea', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA', 'increased upper airway resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of @entity2122 in @entity1 with @entity1614 and to investigate the relationship between @entity2122 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) severity in these @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity1614 clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital. @entity1 : Fifteen consecutive adult @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 34.8 +/- 13.2 years) who had @entity1614 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Apneic status was determined from standard overnight polysomnography testing. Measurements from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared to normative data. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity27 , which was defined as an @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) of > 5 episodes per hour (mean AHI, 22 +/- 15 episodes per hour). A high prevalence of @entity2122 was found with significant gender differences for some of the variables. Significant abnormalities for the entire group were bimaxillary retrusion, a reduced maxillary length, an increased total anterior face height, a long lower anterior face height, an obtuse gonial angle, a steep mandibular plane, a reduced posterior nasal airway height, a reduced posterior airway space, and an increased distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations among the total anterior face height, the upper anterior and posterior face heights, the mandibular length, and AHI. There was a significant correlation between the rank of the number of @entity854 per @entity1 and AHI in those @entity1 with @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2122 are common in @entity1 with @entity1614 . The relationship between some cephalometric parameters and @entity386 severity suggests a potential role of craniofacial structure in the pathogenesis of @entity27 in these @entity1 .

title: Relationship between @entity2122 and sleep-disordered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['Craniofacial abnormalities', 'craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cephalometric abnormalities']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['breathing in Marfan's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of @entity2122 in @entity1 with @entity1614 and to investigate the relationship between @entity2122 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) severity in these @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity1614 clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital. @entity1 : Fifteen consecutive adult @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 34.8 +/- 13.2 years) who had @entity1614 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Apneic status was determined from standard overnight polysomnography testing. Measurements from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared to normative data. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity27 , which was defined as an @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) of > 5 episodes per hour (mean AHI, 22 +/- 15 episodes per hour). A high prevalence of @entity2122 was found with significant gender differences for some of the variables. Significant abnormalities for the entire group were bimaxillary retrusion, a reduced maxillary length, an increased total anterior face height, a long lower anterior face height, an obtuse gonial angle, a steep mandibular plane, a reduced posterior nasal airway height, a reduced posterior airway space, and an increased distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations among the total anterior face height, the upper anterior and posterior face heights, the mandibular length, and AHI. There was a significant correlation between the rank of the number of @entity854 per @entity1 and AHI in those @entity1 with @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2122 are common in @entity1 with @entity1614 . The relationship between some cephalometric parameters and @entity386 severity suggests a potential role of craniofacial structure in the pathogenesis of @entity27 in these @entity1 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and sleep-disordered @entity1614 .

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial abnormalities']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequencies of three polymorphisms at @entity535 positions 16, 27, and 164 of the @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) gene and their effects on @entity1030 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, case-control study @entity1 : Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity1030 and 41 healthy subjects were included. MEASUREMENTS: Polymorphisms of the @entity2162 coding block were delineated using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The allele-specific PCR technique was verified by direct dideoxy sequencing of PCR products. Pulmonary function tests were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The Arg16 @entity2162 polymorphism was less prevalent in @entity1030 @entity1 than in healthy populations (p = 0.01). A significant correlation (p < 0.018) between the @entity7647 27 @entity2162 polymorphism and FEV(1) percent predicted value was found. @entity1 with the Gln27 polymorphism had a higher percentage of low FEV(1) percent predicted than did @entity1 with the GlnGlu and GluGlu variants. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphism of Gly16 may increase the @entity1 's susceptibility to the development of @entity1030 . The Gln27 @entity2162 polymorphism may be associated with the severity of @entity1030 in a Chinese population.

title: Polymorphism of the XXXX in @entity1030 in Chinese subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta(2)-adrenoceptor']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequencies of three polymorphisms at @entity535 positions 16, 27, and 164 of the @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) gene and their effects on @entity1030 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, case-control study @entity1 : Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity1030 and 41 healthy subjects were included. MEASUREMENTS: Polymorphisms of the @entity2162 coding block were delineated using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The allele-specific PCR technique was verified by direct dideoxy sequencing of PCR products. Pulmonary function tests were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The Arg16 @entity2162 polymorphism was less prevalent in @entity1030 @entity1 than in healthy populations (p = 0.01). A significant correlation (p < 0.018) between the @entity7647 27 @entity2162 polymorphism and FEV(1) percent predicted value was found. @entity1 with the Gln27 polymorphism had a higher percentage of low FEV(1) percent predicted than did @entity1 with the GlnGlu and GluGlu variants. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphism of Gly16 may increase the @entity1 's susceptibility to the development of @entity1030 . The Gln27 @entity2162 polymorphism may be associated with the severity of @entity1030 in a Chinese population.

title: Polymorphism of the @entity2162 in XXXX in Chinese subjects.

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The present study utilized @entity4119 ( @entity4119 ) and S-100 protein immunohistochemistry to examine if Ruffini endings, the primary mechanoreceptors in periodontal ligaments, can regenerate following nerve @entity2915 with an inappropriate nerve. Normally, axon terminals of periodontal Ruffini endings are extensively ramified, and terminal Schwann cells, identified by their S-100 immunoreactivity, are associated with axon terminals. Schwann cells are restricted to the alveolus-related part (ARP), but not tooth-related part (TRP) or the shear zone at the border between the ARP and the TRP of the lingual periodontal ligament of the lower incisor. When the central portion of the mental nerve (MN) was connected with the peripheral portion of the @entity129 ( @entity129 ), regenerating MN fibers invaded the @entity129 around postoperative day 5 (PO 5). During the postoperative period, numerous S-100-immunoreactive (IR) cells, presumably terminal Schwann cells, began to migrate to the shear zone and the TRP. @entity4119 -IR elements reappeared at PO 7 and gradually increased in number. Around PO 28, the terminal portion of the regenerating Ruffini endings appeared dendritic, but less expanded, and the rearrangement of terminal Schwann cells was noted. Regenerated periodontal Ruffini endings were slightly smaller in number. The number of trigeminal ganglion neurons sending peripheral processes beyond the site of injury was smaller compared to those of normal MN, but their cross-sectional areas were almost comparable. Expressions of calbindin D28k and calretinin, normally localized in axonal elements in Ruffini endings, were first detected around PO 56. The present results show that parts of periodontal Ruffini endings can regenerate following nerve @entity1032 .

title: Regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings of rat lower incisors following nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['cross-anastomosis with mental nerve']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['IAN', 'inferior alveolar nerve']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['cross-anastomosis with mental nerve']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) renal angiogram (CTRA) in the management of childhood @entity101 . This is a retrospective study of 24 @entity1 with clinical suspicion of @entity455 who underwent CTRA examinations. CTRA demonstrated surgically correctable etiology of @entity101 in 38% of the @entity1 [5 with @entity2791 ( @entity2791 ) and 4 with renal pathology]. In 5 @entity1 , CTRA findings of @entity2791 were confirmed by catheter angiogram. CTRA missed @entity2791 in 1 @entity1 in whom catheter angiogram showed @entity8 . All 6 @entity1 with @entity2791 had resolution of @entity101 immediately after angioplasty or surgery. One @entity1 with @entity2791 had an ipsilateral @entity15740 . In this @entity1 @entity101 resolved spontaneously as the @entity8 shrunk in size. Seven @entity1 had a renal etiology for @entity101 . In 3 of these @entity1 @entity101 resolved after nephrectomy. Malignant @entity101 in the 4th @entity1 with reflux @entity8 was controlled medically after she underwent bilateral ureteral reimplantation. The remaining 3 @entity1 with renal etiology were managed medically. We found that the etiology was central for @entity101 in 4 @entity1 with @entity75 , @entity28 in 1 overweight @entity1 , essential @entity101 in 4 @entity1 , and thoracic @entity1498 in 1 @entity1 . Our study showed that in all except 1 instance CTRA could diagnose a surgically correctable cause for @entity101 . CTRA provided useful information for the management of pediatric @entity101 in all our @entity1 .

title: Utility of computed tomographic renal angiogram in the management of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'dysplastic kidney', 'beaded narrowing of the renal artery']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15740 :: ('MESH:D021782', 'Disease') :: ['multicystic dysplastic kidney']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse renal artery stenosis', 'renal artery stenosis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aorta coarctation']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we looked at the prognostic value of echocardiographic and hemodynamic measures in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity120 before and after initiation of treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were collected prospectively in a cohort of consecutive @entity1 with @entity120 referred between 2002 and 2011. A range of clinical and echocardiographic variables were collected and stored on a database to assess predictors of survival. Invasive hemodynamic data including pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac index were also obtained at baseline in all @entity1 . Outcome was defined as mortality because of @entity65 . The study cohort comprised 777 @entity1 (514 @entity1 ) with @entity120 . A total of 195 (25%) died. In multivariable analysis, moderate or severe @entity997 (hazard ratio [HR], 26.537; 95% confidence interval, 11.536-61.044; P<0.001), right ventricular myocardial performance index (HR, 3.421; 95% confidence interval, 1.777-6.584; P<0.001), and the presence of @entity2294 (HR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.023-1.862; P=0.035) were independent predictors of mortality. High pulmonary vascular resistance and right atrial pressure by invasive hemodynamic measurements were independent predictors of mortality (HR, 1.084; 95% confidence interval, 1.041-1.130, and 1.079, respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.049-1.111; P<0.001 for both), whereas @entity1 with a higher cardiac index had better survival overall (HR, 0.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.307-0.481; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Right @entity67 , moderate-severe @entity997 , low cardiac index, and raised right atrial pressure were associated with poor survival for both @entity120 and chronic @entity1031 pulmonary @entity101 @entity1 . The severity of @entity997 , myocardial performance index, presence of @entity2294 , pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index, and right atrial pressure may be used to stratify risk of @entity204 .

title: Echocardiographic and Hemodynamic Predictors of Survival in XXXX : Seven-Year Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disease']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'precapillary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular-related death']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Novel imaging modalities are currently available for the noninvasive evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree. This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic potentials of conventional CT scanning, super high-resolution CT (SHR-CT) scanning, and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) directly with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) for the detection of @entity5 . DESIGN: Prospective observer study, in which 44 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 were evaluated using several diagnostic imaging modalities. Images of the thorax were interpreted by individuals blind to the results of FB for the detection of @entity3137 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Image acquisition and simulation of the tracheobronchial anatomy were created successfully in all @entity1 . Thirty-two @entity1 who underwent both SHR-CT scanning and VB had correlative FBs within 1 month. In all nine @entity1 who had a normal anatomy, SHR-CT scanning and VB accurately correlated with the FB findings. However, CT scanning demonstrated two @entity75 in one @entity1 . Twenty-three @entity1 had a total of 35 abnormal FB findings. The sensitivities of SHR-CT scanning and VB for the detection of endoluminal, obstructive, and @entity3137 were 90%, 100%, and 16%, respectively. The overall sensitivities and specificities of SHR-CT scanning and VB were 83% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, CT scanning had sensitivities of 50%, 72%, and 0% for the detection of endoluminal, obstructive, and @entity3137 with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 59%, and 85%, respectively. There was no case in which conventional CT scanning was better at detecting lesions than either SHR-CT scanning or VB. CONCLUSIONS: SHR-CT scanning and VB are accurate, noninvasive methods for identifying obstructions and endoluminal lesions within the respiratory tract. Thus, these novel imaging techniques are valuable as complementary modalities to FB, providing information that is useful for the detection and management of airway @entity5 .

title: Comparative evaluation of super high-resolution CT scan and virtual bronchoscopy for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic malignancies', 'malignancies', 'tracheobronchial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['false-positive obstructive lesions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['endoluminal, obstructive, or mucosal lesions', 'mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tracheobronchial malignancies']


abstract: Previous research has linked exercise under unfavourable environmental conditions to decreased concentration and/or secretion rate of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate exercise in a thermoneutral (TN) and a @entity5032 ( @entity26636 ) environment on the concentration of s-IgA and the secretion rate of s-IgA in moderately active females. Sixteen females (23.4 +/- 6.8 yrs, 61.1 +/- 5.9 kg, 1.64 +/- 0.07 m) served as subjects for this study. On separate occasions, one week apart, all subjects ran or walked for 30 minutes at 71 % of individual heart rate reserve on an outdoor (1 degrees C) or an indoor track (24 degrees C). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected for 4-min immediately pre (PR), post (POST), and 30-min post (30POST) exercise. Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaires were completed pre and post exercise intervention and Global Mood State (GMS) was calculated. The absolute concentration of s-IgA, and total non-specific protein were measured and the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-IgA:Protein were calculated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that flow rate increased in @entity26636 and decreased in TN such that it was significantly lower (POST) and (30POST) in the TN environment when compared to @entity26636 . There was a significant increase in the secretion rate of s-IgA at 30POST for the @entity26636 trial and a significant decrease at 30POST for the TN trial. No significant differences were found for the concentration of s-IgA, the s-IgA:Protein:ratio, or GMS. Stepwise regression revealed that with all predictors in the model, only the concentration of s-IgA accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in @entity5032 temperature, while in the TN environment, both the concentration of s-IgA and the flow rate accounted for significant proportions of the variance. These findings suggest that moderate exercise in @entity5032 temperatures does not decrease secretion rate of s-IgA, while exercise in TN temperatures does.

title: s-IgA response in females following a single bout of moderate intensity exercise in XXXX and thermoneutral environments.

answer: @entity5032 :: (MESH:C569627,Disease) :: ['cold']


abstract: Intrathecal @entity10446 , a nicotinic receptor agonist, elicits greater dose-dependent increases in blood pressure, heart rate and nociceptive responses in SHR than normotensive @entity35 strains. Similar to adult @entity35 , cardiovascular and nociceptive responses were augmented in prehypertensive SHR than age-matched WKY. While @entity2514 or @entity3371 pretreatment significantly lowered blood pressure in both SHR and WKY @entity35 , responses to i.t. @entity10446 were still greater in SHR. By contrast, i.t. @entity10446 elicited responses were not exaggerated in @entity8147 -salt hypertensive WKY @entity35 . Pressor and irritation responses to i.t. @entity10446 can be divided into a transient, initial and persisting, late phases. Both are augmented in SHR. In F1 @entity35 , only the late phase pressor and @entity158 responses to i.t. @entity10446 are similar in magnitude to those observed in SHR suggesting a possible dominant trait in the SHR. Overall, our findings suggest that hyper-responsiveness in nociception and pressor activity to spinal @entity10446 in SHR may be pathogenetically associated, but not a consequence, of @entity101 .

title: Spinal nicotinic receptor activity in a genetic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The explosive expansion of knowledge in immunology in recent decades has already affected the research and practice of nuclear medicine in several ways. New hematopoietic cells have been isolated and their functions discovered, including hematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Many new humeral factors have been found that have potent effects on cells, including cytokines, growth factors, and specialized proteins. Radiolabeled compounds are needed to follow the pharmacodynamics of the humeral factors and to follow the migration of mobile cells in animals and @entity1 . In this article, only DCs, cytokines, and growth factors used clinically are discussed. DCs are essential for defense against @entity166 . Autologous DCs cultured for a week and pulsed with @entity5 antigens have already proved highly immunogenic compared with other methods for activating cytotoxic T cells, and preliminary studies suggest that DCs are more potent for @entity5 cell killing than monoclonal antibodies. DCs, unfortunately, also play an important role in causing certain @entity1 diseases. In allograft transplants, residual donor DCs are responsible for the cellular rejection; if they could be eliminated, rejection could be prevented. These cells are also detrimental in @entity309 , other @entity792 , @entity565 , and @entity1030 . Cytokines such as @entity1199 and such growth factors as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, administered to @entity1 with @entity5 to alleviate the @entity1431 of chemotherapy agents, frequently alter the tissue distribution of radiopharmaceuticals; these alterations may be confused with disease.

title: The impact of recent advances in immunology and XXXX therapy on nuclear medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In this study, 30 @entity742 from a flock suddenly showed acute neurological symptoms associated with more than 30  % mortality. At necropsy, thickening associated with @entity384 and turbidity of meningeal membranes particularly on cerebellum, focal to multifocal @entity39 areas and whitish spots measuring 1 to 3  cm in diameter were observed in the cortex of cerebrum and cerebellum. Grossly, numerous white tracts were also observed in the myocardium. Histopathologically, the cross sections of coenurus larvae associated with @entity39 were observed. Multiple @entity39 areas were also observed in the gray matter of cerebellum due to migration of the larvae with an extensive infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. In the heart, multifocal granulomatous @entity2401 was diagnosed. No growth was seen in bacterial cultures of the brain and heart. Also, no bacteria were seen in these tissues stained with Ziehl-Neelsen and Brown-Brenn Gram stain. On basis of gross and histopathologic lesions, acute coenurosis was diagnosed. Unlike chronic coenurosis, acute form of the disease rarely reported in @entity742 .

title: Clinical and morphopathological characteristics of an enzootic occurrence of acute coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in a XXXX herd.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrotic suppurative meningoencephalitis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins are standard therapies after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the general population. In the current study, we assessed adherence to statin treatment by @entity1 after an @entity583 in Italy, and estimated the effect of in-hospital statin therapy on persistence in treatment during a 2-year follow-up. @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort observation study of @entity1 who experienced their @entity583 between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005. @entity1 to enroll were identified by a diagnosis of @entity583 at discharge from hospital. Previous drug therapies and hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons in the 12 months before hospitalization for @entity583 , statin treatment and lipid levels during hospitalization, indication for statin treatment at hospital discharge, and adherence to statin treatment in the following 24 months using an integrated analysis of administrative databases and hospital case records were evaluated. Also, factors associated either positively or negatively with consistent acute and long-term use of this efficacy-proven therapy were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 3,369 @entity1 : 28.5% of @entity1 had not been consistently treated with statins during their hospital stay for @entity583 , and 36.2% of @entity1 did not receive a statin prescription at hospital discharge. Of the 2,629 @entity1 persistent with treatment during the follow-up, only 1,431 had an adherence to @entity6817 >80%. Either during the hospitalization or during the follow-up, the use of statins was negatively associated with older age and the presence of @entity2316 . Lipid levels were significantly higher in treated than in untreated @entity1 , but did not contribute to adherence to treatment. An important factor in long-term adherence to statin treatment was a statin prescription at the time of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Since the statin undertreatment rate in routine care is still high, physicians need to increase the awareness of @entity1 regarding the implications of discontinuation and/or underuse of their medications and encourage higher adherence.

title: Adherence to statin treatment following a XXXX : an Italian population-based survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes and chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to identify the nature of the inclusion bodies that have been found in HeLa cells (cervical @entity5 immortal cell line) by electron microscope and to determine whether the major capsid protein (L1) of @entity1082 ) can be expressed in @entity5 cells. METHODS: HPV L1 protein expression in HeLa cells was detected with anti-HPV L1 multivalent mice monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal anti-HPV L1 antibody by ELISA, light microscope immunohistochemistry, electron microscope immunocytochemistry and Western blotting assays. Reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the transcription of L1 mRNA in HeLa cells. The immortalized @entity1 keratinocyte HeCat was used as the negative control. RESULTS: HPV L1 proteins reacted positively in the lysate of HeLa cells by ELISA assays. HRP labeled light microscope immunohistochemistry assay showed that there was a strong HPV L1 positive reaction in HeLa cells. Under the electron microscope, irregular shaped inclusion bodies, assembled by many small and uniform granules, had been observed in the cytoplasm of some HeLa cells. These granules could be labeled by the colloidal gold carried by HPV L1 antibody. The Western blotting assay showed that there was a L1 reaction strap at 80-85  kDa in the HeLa cell lysates, hence demonstrating the existence of HPV18 L1 in HeLa cells. RT-PCR assay showed that the L1 mRNA was transcribed in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells are composed of HPV18 L1 protein. Since HeLa cell line is a type of cervical @entity5 cells, this implies that HeLa cells have the ability to express HPV L1 proteins.

title: Observations on the expression of XXXX major capsid protein in HeLa cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive uterine cervix cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Introduction. @entity32 is ubiquitous during @entity295 and may be influenced by body mass index (BMI). We sought to evaluate if BMI was associated with serum levels of several cytokines measured at intensive care unit admission due to @entity295 . Methods. 33 septic @entity1 were included. An array of thirty-two cytokines and chemokines was measured using Milliplex technology. We assessed the association between cytokine levels and BMI by generalized additive model that also included illness severity (measured by @entity25079 score); one model was built for each cytokine measured. Results. We found that levels of epidermal growth factor, @entity7 , and interleukins 4, 5, and 13 were associated with BMI in a complex, nonlinear way, independently of illness severity. Higher BMI was associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins. Conclusion. BMI may influence host response to @entity281 during @entity3124 . Larger studies should confirm these findings.

title: Influence of Body Mass Index on Inflammatory Profile at Admission in Critically Ill Septic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of replacing protease inhibitors (PIs) with @entity22208 on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. - DESIGN: Pilot study including 31 @entity1 with sustained virological control on their first PI-containing HAART regimen. 16 @entity1 were switched from PIs to @entity22208 (ABC group), 15 @entity1 continued on PIs (PI group). In all @entity1 , @entity2353 -analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors were continued. METHODS: Insulin sensitivity (using an intravenous insulin tolerance test) and fasting total @entity165 and @entity1674 were determined at baseline, month 3, 6, 9 and 12. RESULTS: In the ABC group, there was a significant increase in median insulin sensitivity from baseline within 6 months (+ 49 micromol/l/min), and a significant decrease in both @entity1674 (-41mg/dl) and @entity165 (-40mg/dl) at month 3. These changes were sustained through month 12. In addition, a reversal of baseline insulin resistance, @entity1007 and @entity2298 was observed in the majority of @entity1 . In the PI group, no significant changes in insulin sensitivity, @entity1674 and @entity165 were observed. There was a significant correlation between the changes in insulin sensitivity, @entity1674 and @entity165 . INTERPRETATION: Switching from PIs to @entity22208 is associated with an improvement of insulin sensitivity and a decrease of @entity165 and @entity1674 in the majority of @entity1 with HAART-associated metabolic alterations and therefore might be an alternative for @entity1 to PI-containing HAART regimens.

title: Improvement of HAART-associated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia after replacement of protease inhibitors with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity22208 :: (MESH:C106538,Chemical) :: ['abacavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to characterize variation in complication rates across hospitals with differing volumes for select high-risk operations in the United States. METHODS: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1996 and 1997 were analyzed for 3 high-risk operations: esophagectomy (n=1,226), pancreatectomy (n=4,789), and intact @entity1028 repair (n=11,863). Complications evaluated included @entity1173 , @entity299 , @entity281 , @entity358 , @entity177 , @entity295 , and others. The risk of complications was calculated by hospital volume deciles, as well as for high-volume hospitals (HVH) and @entity258 ( @entity258 ) defined by median hospital volume. RESULTS: Rates of any @entity260 varied nearly 2-fold across hospital volume groups. The proportion of @entity1 across hospital deciles having at least one complication ranged from 30% to 51% for esophageal resection, 6% to 12% for pancreatic resection, and 9% to 18% for @entity1028 repair. HVH had lower rates of one or more complications after pancreatic resection (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83; P=.002), esophageal resection (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.90; P=.008), and intact @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.76; P<.001). @entity1 with one or more complications after pancreatic resection had a mortality of 18.8% versus only 5.2% for those without complications (P<.001). Esophageal resection mortality was 16.9% for @entity1 with at least one complication and 2.5% for those without complications (P<.001) and @entity1028 repair mortality was 10.4% for @entity1 with at least one complication and 2.9% for those without complications (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk operations have a decreased rate of @entity260 when performed at HVH. Variation in complication rates may contribute to the volume-outcome relationship and provide a focus for quality improvement at @entity258 .

title: Variation in XXXX rates after high-risk surgery in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection, pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'low-volume hospitals']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complication']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare @entity361 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity669 kinase receptor @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). @entity2213 is a selective inhibitor of @entity669 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity674 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity1 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity674 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity1 were referred for treatment of @entity3 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated with oral @entity2213 for either @entity3 (n=26 @entity1 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity1 , and @entity3 was identified in 17 @entity1 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity2467 was positive in 96% of @entity1 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity5 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity1 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity1 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity1 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity1 died, and 5 @entity1 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity1 with @entity3 who were treated with @entity2213 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity5 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity1 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity674 . @entity2213 -targeted therapy of @entity3 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity2213 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with @entity674 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX in the @entity2213 ( @entity2213 ) era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate', 'Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare @entity361 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity669 kinase receptor @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). @entity2213 is a selective inhibitor of @entity669 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity674 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity1 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity674 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity1 were referred for treatment of @entity3 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated with oral @entity2213 for either @entity3 (n=26 @entity1 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity1 , and @entity3 was identified in 17 @entity1 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity2467 was positive in 96% of @entity1 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity5 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity1 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity1 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity1 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity1 died, and 5 @entity1 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity1 with @entity3 who were treated with @entity2213 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity5 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity1 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity674 . @entity2213 -targeted therapy of @entity3 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity2213 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with @entity674 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity674 in the XXXX ( @entity2213 ) era.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare @entity361 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity669 kinase receptor @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). @entity2213 is a selective inhibitor of @entity669 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity674 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity1 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity674 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity1 were referred for treatment of @entity3 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity1 were treated with oral @entity2213 for either @entity3 (n=26 @entity1 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity1 , and @entity3 was identified in 17 @entity1 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity2467 was positive in 96% of @entity1 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity5 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity1 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity1 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity1 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity1 died, and 5 @entity1 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity1 with @entity3 who were treated with @entity2213 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity5 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity1 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity674 . @entity2213 -targeted therapy of @entity3 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity2213 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity1 with @entity674 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity674 in the @entity2213 ( XXXX ) era.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['STI-571']


abstract: Background. Despite advances in surgical repair of @entity357 , there remains a high radiological recurrence rate. We performed a novel technique incorporating bilateral oesophageal fixation and evaluated outcomes, principally symptom improvement and @entity547 recurrence. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on a prospective database of @entity1 undergoing @entity357 repair with bilateral oesophageal fixation. Retrospective and prospective quality of life (QOL), PPI usage, and @entity1 satisfaction data were obtained. @entity547 recurrence was assessed by either barium swallow or gastroscopy. Results. 87 @entity1 were identified in the database with a minimum of 3 months followup. There were significant improvements in QOL scores including GERD HRQL (29.13 to 4.38, P < 0.01), Visick (3 to 1), and RSI (17.45 to 5, P < 0.01). PPI usage decreased from a median of daily to none, and there was high @entity1 satisfaction (94%). 57 @entity1 were assessed for recurrence with either gastroscopy or barium swallow, and one @entity1 had evidence of recurrence on barium swallow at 45 months postoperatively. There was an 8% complication rate and no mortality or oesophageal perforation. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that our technique is both safe and effective in symptom control, and our recurrence investigations demonstrate at least short term durability.

title: XXXX Repair with Bilateral Oesophageal Fixation.

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernias', 'hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['Hiatus Hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to analyze the influence of @entity260 on postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. @entity1 AND METHOD: 153 @entity1 undergoing elective arterial surgery were studied prospectively. @entity1 were examined postoperatively by a psychiatrist daily from days 1 to 7. @entity933 was diagnosed according to standardised criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 ). The severity of @entity933 was quantified using the @entity933 Rating Scale. We compared @entity1 without @entity933 to those who developed @entity260 using univariate statistical analysis (t-test, chi (2) test, and Fisher's test). RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (39.2%) developed @entity260 . They removed catheters significantly more frequently than @entity1 without @entity933 and had more @entity1212 . Their length of stay in intensive care units was higher, as was their total postoperative length of stay in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who developed @entity260 have significantly more complications and increased postoperative length of stay in hospital and intensive care units.

title: [ XXXX increases morbidity and length of stay after vascular surgery operations. Results of a prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 is a rare and aggressive disease with abnormal lymphocytes confined within blood vessels. Cutaneous findings are common in the presentation of this disease. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this article are (1) to describe a case of @entity706 treated with chemotherapy and rituximab and (2) to review the literature with respect to skin findings and outcomes of these @entity1 after chemotherapy. @entity1 : Our @entity1 had an unusual presentation of @entity706 characterized by tender, slightly indurated plaques composed of dense telangectatic vessels. RESULTS: Our @entity1 responded to combination chemotherapy with the addition of a partial course of rituximab (anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody). CONCLUSION: @entity706 commonly presents with skin findings of tender indurated plaques and nodules. Although a number of clinical variations exist, telangectatic plaques are rarely described. Including our case, 50 @entity1 have been reported after treatment with chemotherapy. Approximately 46% of treated @entity1 exhibit either partial or complete response to chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of @entity706 treated successfully with the addition of rituximab. Overall, this malignancy remains an unusual and aggressive disease. Recognition of the cutaneous findings and early treatment with chemotherapy may alter the course of this disease. Rituximab may be an important addition to combination chemotherapy in treating @entity706 .

title: XXXX presenting as telangectasias: response to rituximab and combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Intravascular lymphoma', 'intravascular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Intravascular lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of plasma and acetylcholinesterase in an aldicarb @entity1445 . CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old female was found unconscious and @entity322 after ingesting @entity47481 . She was bradycardic, @entity551 , hypersalivating, clammy, had small pupils, and generalized weakness. She was intubated, ventilated, and treated with large @entity3897 doses (50 mg and 20 mg/h infusion) and @entity1425 . She improved hemodynamically over 24 h, but remained @entity772 for another 24 h, before recovering without sequela. Aldicarb concentration at admission was 2.18  g/ml and concentration-time data best fitted a two compartmental model with first order absorption and a time of ingestion 4.5 h preadmission. The half-life of distribution was 0.4 h and half-life of elimination, 13 h. Plasma cholinesterase concentration at admission was 0.3 kU/L (Reference range[RR]:4.3-10.6 kU/L) and red cell cholinesterase was 10 U/gHb (RR:38-66 U/gHb). The IC50 was 0.15  g/ml and 0.26  g/ml for plasma and red cell cholinesterase, respectively. DISCUSSION: Aldicarb @entity4968 causes rapid onset severe @entity137 with muscarinic and nicotinic excess, @entity410 , and decreased consciousness. Cholinesterases rapidly recover once aldicarb concentrations decrease and precede clinical recovery.

title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of severe aldicarb XXXX after @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinent of urine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of plasma and acetylcholinesterase in an aldicarb @entity1445 . CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old female was found unconscious and @entity322 after ingesting @entity47481 . She was bradycardic, @entity551 , hypersalivating, clammy, had small pupils, and generalized weakness. She was intubated, ventilated, and treated with large @entity3897 doses (50 mg and 20 mg/h infusion) and @entity1425 . She improved hemodynamically over 24 h, but remained @entity772 for another 24 h, before recovering without sequela. Aldicarb concentration at admission was 2.18  g/ml and concentration-time data best fitted a two compartmental model with first order absorption and a time of ingestion 4.5 h preadmission. The half-life of distribution was 0.4 h and half-life of elimination, 13 h. Plasma cholinesterase concentration at admission was 0.3 kU/L (Reference range[RR]:4.3-10.6 kU/L) and red cell cholinesterase was 10 U/gHb (RR:38-66 U/gHb). The IC50 was 0.15  g/ml and 0.26  g/ml for plasma and red cell cholinesterase, respectively. DISCUSSION: Aldicarb @entity4968 causes rapid onset severe @entity137 with muscarinic and nicotinic excess, @entity410 , and decreased consciousness. Cholinesterases rapidly recover once aldicarb concentrations decrease and precede clinical recovery.

title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of severe aldicarb @entity137 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1445 :: (MESH:D062787,Disease) :: ['overdose']


abstract: @entity2316 is the single largest cause of @entity177 . As the number of @entity1 referred to a nephrologist increase, the needs of many @entity6 nephropaths are not being met. The post of @entity2316 Nurse Specialist (DNS) was instituted in September 1999 to organise the management of and to meet all aspects of need of this group of @entity1 . The role currently incorporates a daily ward round with the aim of reviewing all @entity1 at least once during every admission to hospital. Ward-based teaching with the @entity1 occurs and six nurse-led clinics covering all modalities are now in place and run alongside the Nephrologist. @entity1 are either referred directly to the nurse-led clinic or are approached by the renal DNS whilst the @entity1 is in the nephrology clinic. 71.4% of our @entity6 @entity1 have an improvement in their HbA1c after 21 months of working closely with the @entity2316 and multidisciplinary team. The average HbA1c at the beginning was 9.7%; the average is now 8%. It is clear that the role is being continuously stretched to its absolute limit. Our aim is to develop a broader service over time and we will, in the near future be employing a renal nurse with an interest in @entity6 to work alongside the DNS for six months to particularly learn about the needs of our in- @entity1 .

title: The renal XXXX nurse specialist...a luxury or an essential player?

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Nephropathy', 'Renal DNS', 'Renal Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Renal Failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscope-guided round window membrane repair was performed to evaluate whether the approach is feasible in the treatment of a @entity2269 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic center. @entity1 : A 27-year-old @entity1 had been scuba diving 6 days previously in the Australian Great Barrier Reefs. He had poor hearing with @entity1109 . INTERVENTION: A myringotomy was incised, and a tympanoscope was introduced into the middle ear cavity. With the @entity1 under general anesthesia, the middle ear and the oval and round window areas were examined with a tympanoscope. In endoscopic visualization, a round perforation could be seen in the round window membrane. After detection of the round window perforation, a small piece of temporal fascia was obtained to seal the membrane perforation. RESULTS: One month after the operation, the @entity1 's hearing was significantly better. The myringotomy had healed. CONCLUSION: A transmyringeal endoscopic procedure for @entity2269 repair is feasible and combines the best features of minimally invasive surgery and aural endoscopy.

title: Endoscope-guided XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus in the left ear and a vertiginous sensation']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['round window fistula']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['round window fistula']


abstract: AIM: To select valuable ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity99 and @entity82 degree in @entity3619 , and to study the value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of liver @entity82 and @entity1575 in comparison with serology and histology. METHODS: Forty-four ultrasonographic variables were analyzed and screened using color Doppler ultrasound system in 225 @entity1 with @entity3619 and @entity1575 . The valuable ultrasonographic predictors were selected on the basis of a comparison with histopathological findings. The value of ultrasonography and serology in the evaluation of liver @entity82 degree and the diagnosis of @entity1575 was also studied and compared. Meanwhile, the influencing factors on ultrasonographic diagnosis of @entity1575 were also analyzed. RESULTS: By statistical analysis, the maximum velocity of portal vein and the degree of @entity1085 wall smoothness were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity32 grade (G), while liver surface, hepatic parenchymal echo pattern, and the wall thickness of @entity1085 were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity82 stage (S). Three S-related independent ultrasonographyic predictors and three routine serum @entity82 markers ( @entity15773 , HPCIII and @entity4609 ) were used to discriminate variables for the comparison of ultrasonography with serology. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in moderate @entity82 was higher than that of serology (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in the general diagnostic accuracy of @entity82 as well as between mild and severe @entity82 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between ultrasonography and serology in the diagnosis of @entity1575 . However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was higher in inactive @entity1575 and lower in active @entity82 than that of serology (both P<0.05). False positive and false negative results where found when the diagnosis of @entity1575 was made by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: There are different ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity99 grade and @entity82 stage of @entity3619 . Both ultrasonography and serology have their own advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of liver @entity82 and @entity1575 . Combined application of the two methods is hopeful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: XXXX in @entity3619 : an ultrasonographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall-bladder']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['compensated liver cirrhosis', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['Liver fibrosis']


abstract: AIM: To select valuable ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity99 and @entity82 degree in @entity3619 , and to study the value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of liver @entity82 and @entity1575 in comparison with serology and histology. METHODS: Forty-four ultrasonographic variables were analyzed and screened using color Doppler ultrasound system in 225 @entity1 with @entity3619 and @entity1575 . The valuable ultrasonographic predictors were selected on the basis of a comparison with histopathological findings. The value of ultrasonography and serology in the evaluation of liver @entity82 degree and the diagnosis of @entity1575 was also studied and compared. Meanwhile, the influencing factors on ultrasonographic diagnosis of @entity1575 were also analyzed. RESULTS: By statistical analysis, the maximum velocity of portal vein and the degree of @entity1085 wall smoothness were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity32 grade (G), while liver surface, hepatic parenchymal echo pattern, and the wall thickness of @entity1085 were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity82 stage (S). Three S-related independent ultrasonographyic predictors and three routine serum @entity82 markers ( @entity15773 , HPCIII and @entity4609 ) were used to discriminate variables for the comparison of ultrasonography with serology. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in moderate @entity82 was higher than that of serology (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in the general diagnostic accuracy of @entity82 as well as between mild and severe @entity82 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between ultrasonography and serology in the diagnosis of @entity1575 . However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was higher in inactive @entity1575 and lower in active @entity82 than that of serology (both P<0.05). False positive and false negative results where found when the diagnosis of @entity1575 was made by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: There are different ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity99 grade and @entity82 stage of @entity3619 . Both ultrasonography and serology have their own advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of liver @entity82 and @entity1575 . Combined application of the two methods is hopeful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: @entity1575 in XXXX : an ultrasonographic study.

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']


abstract: This study characterizes the surgically treated @entity1 population suffering from @entity8924 by use of current data from a large series consisting of 199 cases taken from a nonurban setting. Data were gathered through a retrospective chart review of @entity1 surgically treated for @entity8924 at the University of Michigan Health System, collected over a 10-year period. Data regarding @entity1 demographics, signs and symptoms of presentation, cause of injury, nature of injury, associated @entity174 , @entity4858 , and associated @entity130 were collected. In total, there were 199 cases of @entity8924 among 189 @entity1 . Male @entity1 outnumbered female @entity1 by a 2:1 ratio and were found to engage in a wider range of behaviors that resulted in @entity8924 . Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of @entity8924 , followed by physical assault and sports-related mechanisms. The ratio of impure to pure @entity8924 was 3:1. The most common signs and symptoms associated with @entity8924 , in descending order, were periorbital ecchymosis, @entity892 , @entity548 , and @entity9577 . Associated @entity174 were found in 77.2 percent of @entity1 , the most prevalent of which was the zygoma-malar @entity174 . Serious @entity4858 occurred in 19.6 percent of @entity1 , with @entity397 being the most prevalent, accounting for 40.5 percent of those injuries. There was a 38.1 percent occurrence of associated @entity1141 ; skull @entity174 and @entity1504 were the most prevalent manifestations. Associated cervical-spine @entity174 were rare (0.5 percent). Statistical examination, using odds ratios and chi-squared analysis, demonstrated significant associations that have not previously been reported. Impure and pure @entity8924 revealed striking differences in several demographic aspects, including mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms of presentation, spectrum of associated @entity130 , and the severity of concomitant @entity130 .

title: A current 10-year retrospective survey of 199 surgically treated XXXX in a nonurban tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'facial fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['globe rupture']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['nonfacial skeletal trauma']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fractures', 'orbital floor fracture']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'nonfacial skeleton trauma']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital floor fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity880 is an accurate predictor of outcome in @entity922 @entity1 . However, its usefulness in status I heart transplant candidates with failing myocardium is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum @entity880 levels are predictive of @entity712 severity in @entity159 cardiac transplant candidates. METHODS: Over a 6-month period, serial arterial serum @entity880 levels in 30 status I heart transplant candidates were measured. Measured serum @entity880 values (mmol/L) included the initial @entity880 level upon admission to the intensive care unit and the @entity880 level at 6-week intervals up to 24-weeks. Surveillance right heart catheterizations were also performed at 6-week intervals to determine pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac index. Baseline measurements were compared with the values obtained at time intervals of 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-weeks. RESULTS: All status I heart transplant candidates were admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of worsening @entity712 with intravenous inotropic therapy. All @entity1 had severe @entity120 (greater than two-thirds of systemic arterial pressure, mmHg) and/or severe low cardiac output state (cardiac index less than 2.0 L/min/M(2)). Admission @entity880 level was normal in all candidates. Intravenous inotropic therapy improved @entity1 ' symptoms and cardiopulmonary hemodynamic derangements although @entity880 levels remained within the normal range until the time of heart transplant operation or up to 24-weeks (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Blood @entity880 remains unaffected by worsening @entity712 of @entity296 @entity1 and is not predictive of @entity712 severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates.

title: Serum lactates are not predictive of XXXX severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathic status I']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical shock syndrome']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently suggested that a @entity35 aortotomy model could be substituted for a vascular anastomotic stricture around a suture line. The aim of this study was to verify such a @entity35 aortotomy model using @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) immunohistochemistry, which is a sensitive method for detection of proliferating cells in vascular tissue after injury. METHODS: Longitudinal aortotomy was performed in the abdominal aorta of the @entity35 subjects. The @entity35 were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following aortotomy (n=20 in each group). The control @entity35 were sacrificed without aortotomy (n=20). The percentage of the lumen occluded by intimal thickening (I/M ratio) was calculated. All tissues were stained with antibodies against @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ). RESULTS: Values of I/M ratio were 8.5+/-4.4%, 15.6+/-9.5%, 11.8+/-5.5%, 9.6+/-6.2% at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks following aortotomy in the injured groups and 0.4+/-0.1% in the controls, respectively. Those values in the injured group increased significantly as compared to the controls. There were also significant differences between one week and two weeks following aortotomy. The @entity1975 labeling index at one week following aortotomy (21.4+/-2.7%) was significantly higher than at two weeks following aortotomy (2.8+/-1.9%). SMCs in the intima at four and eight weeks following aortotomy were completely negative for @entity1975 . CONCLUSIONS: The experimental @entity35 aortotomy model was determined to be useful in the investigation of intimal thickening around the suture line.

title: Smooth muscle cell proliferation at the vascular anastomotic stricture in XXXX aortotomy model.

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']