abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3895 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3895 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity364 . Although their @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity17058 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity5132 and @entity7408 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity3088 for ZpE and three @entity16296 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity5132 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity3088 and @entity16296 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity7408 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity3088 and @entity16296 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata @entity3895 . and Larrea nitida @entity3895 . extracts in clinical isolates of XXXX and @entity7408 .

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3895 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3895 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity364 . Although their @entity1044 ( @entity17058 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity17058 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity5132 and @entity7408 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity3088 for ZpE and three @entity16296 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity5132 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity3088 and @entity16296 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity7408 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity3088 and @entity16296 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata @entity3895 . and Larrea nitida @entity3895 . extracts in clinical isolates of @entity5132 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity7408 :: ('5478', 'Species') :: ['C. glabrata', 'Candida glabrata']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal-related infections']

answer: @entity7408 :: (5478,Species) :: ['Candida glabrata']


abstract: Although in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with @entity11532 ( @entity11532 ) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 @entity1 (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Most subjects (94%) met the criteria for @entity11532 . No significant differences between sexes were found in the severity of gambling behavior or the socio-demographic variables studied. Whereas slot machines were the main type of game for most subjects, a higher percentage of @entity1 were addicted to bingo (  2 (1, 4) = 5.19, p = .029 Cohen's d = 0.48) and had more than one type of game as a secondary addiction   2 (1, 4) = 7.63, p = .006; Cohen's d = 0.59) . @entity1 started gambling at a later age than @entity1 (t (94) = 2.95, p = .004; Cohen's d = 0.60), but developed a pattern of addiction faster ( t (94) = 2.95, p = .004; Cohen's d = -0.61) . @entity1 also had higher comorbidity with other @entity146 (  2 (1) = 7.28, p = .007; Cohen's d = 0.57), specifically with affective (  2 (1) = 11.31, p = .001; Cohen's d = 0.73) and @entity1314 (  2 (1) = 4.71, p = .030; Cohen's d = 0.45). Our results indicate the existence of differences between @entity1 and @entity1 in the pattern of gambling behavior and in @entity146 comorbidity. These aspects should be considered in the design of treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

title: Male and Female Pathological Gamblers: Bet in a Different Way and Show Different XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental Disorders']


abstract: Insomnia is not only a disease of sleep, it has also daily consequences: @entity1295 , @entity146 , impaired daytime functioning. These complaints are regent reported by the @entity1 , however the objective tests assessing alertness in @entity22 are usually not impaired when compared with @entity25 . We wanted to appreciate more accurately the daily consequences of @entity22 , in terms of quality of life. 240 severe insomniacs (according to the DSM-IV criterias) and 391 @entity25 received a questionnaire on quality of life items. @entity308 and anxious @entity1 were excluded from this group. The questionnaire was built by a multidisciplinary group, based on @entity195 . It was primarily tested in a small sample and then proposed in the entire group. Insomniac's quality of life appeared to be significantly impaired in comparison with @entity25 . They experienced more @entity1295 and more @entity25 during the daytime. They reported more @entity2414 . They seemed to be more irritable and sensitive to the environment. At work they made more mistakes and had more sic leave. They also had poorer relationships with relatives and family than @entity25 .

title: [Diurnal consequence of XXXX : impact on quality of life].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["insomniac's interviews"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['attention disorders and memory complaints']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'good sleepers']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECT: Positron emission tomography with @entity19421 (MET-PET) provides information on the metabolism of @entity11 . The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of MET-PET in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity11 . METHODS: Since 1992, 85 @entity1 with a World Health Organization (WHO) classification-verified @entity11 underwent PET studies in which MET was injected before (74 cases) or after treatment (11 cases). Analysis of PET data was conducted by the same investigator using two scales: a qualitative visual grading scale and a quantitative scale (ratio between @entity5 uptake and normal brain uptake, classified on a seven-level scale). Uptake of MET was present in 98% of @entity11 . The investigator judged this uptake to be moderate to very high based on visual inspection (qualitative scale). For all grades of @entity11 , a visual grade of 3 was statistically associated with a shorter @entity1 survival period (p < 0.005). The @entity5 /normal brain uptake ratio was significantly influenced by the histological grade of the @entity5 . A statistically poor outcome was demonstrated when this ratio was higher than a threshold of 2.2 for a WHO Grade II @entity5 and 2.8 for WHO @entity5 . For @entity5 , @entity3271 had a higher uptake of MET than @entity816 . CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of MET was present in 98% of the @entity11 studied. A high uptake is statistically associated with a poor survival time. The intensity of MET uptake represents a prognostic factor for WHO @entity5 considered separately.

title: Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Grade III tumor', 'Grade II and III tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity19421 :: ('MESH:C038344', 'Chemical') :: ['L-[methyl-11C]methionine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 morbidity remains high: 3 to 8 cases per 100,000 of population. Antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Its surgical treatment experience is relatively limited. AIM: To share the surgical treatment experience of 855 @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) treated during 1982 to 2000 in the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery AMS, Ukraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 855 (75.4%) of 1128 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity340 were operated upon. Surgical interventions included removal of diseased tissues, heart chambers treatment with antiseptic solutions, wash out with normal saline solution, replacement or plastic procedure of valves. RESULTS: Heart abscesses were found in 132 (15.5%) @entity1 . Hospital mortality was after aortic valve replacement 12.6%; mitral valve replacement 9.7%; plastic procedure on mitral valve 0%; aortic and mitral valve replacement 30%; tricuspid valve replacement 15.4%; and plastic procedure on tricuspid valve 6.1%. Recurrences of infective process occurred in 51 (6.0%) @entity1 . Infections were observed more frequently in @entity1 with @entity299 : 10.6% versus 5.7% (p < 0.02). RESULTS: 716 (96.7%) @entity1 were studied 2 to 194 (87.4+/-39.4) months postoperatively. Tenth year postoperative survival was 62.1+/-27.7% including hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity340 has become one of the most frequent causes of acquired @entity299 in the postChernobyl nuclear power station catastrophe era. (2) @entity712 development in postoperative period is stipulated by the disease duration. (3) Presence of @entity299 favors recurrence of development of @entity884 . (4) Postoperative antibiotic therapy for more than 3 weeks does not help in prevention of recurrences.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX (18 years experience).

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart lesions', 'heart abscesses']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['acute infective valvular endocarditis', 'AIVE']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Infective endocarditis', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['acute infective valvular endocarditis']


abstract: The germinal epithelium of the anterior region of the @entity4576 testis is the site of spermatogenesis, whereas the nongerminal epithelium of the posterior region (seminal vesicle) may play a role in the regulation of seminal fluid composition. The available information indicates that @entity172 play a physiological role in the regulation of spermatogenesis and seminal fluid composition in vertebrates. However, the cellular distribution of @entity172 receptor (ER) gene expression in the teleost testis is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and cellular distribution of @entity70718 and @entity70719 transcripts in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity4576 . RT-PCR of whole-testis RNA extracts showed that @entity70718 and @entity70719 RNAs are present in the mature testis. In situ hybridization of histological sections of the germinal epithelium showed that primary spermatocytes contain little or no @entity70718 or @entity70719 RNA. However, both ER transcripts were present in secondary spermatocytes and spermatids and their levels were relatively high in mature sperm. The columnar epithelium of the seminal vesicle also contained @entity70718 and @entity70719 RNA. The ER RNAs in epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle were not evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm but seemed to concentrate in their apical region, near the nucleus. In conclusion, @entity70718 and @entity70719 genes are coexpressed in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity4576 and seem to be developmentally regulated in spermatocytes. These observations are consistent with the concept that @entity172 , via interaction with @entity70718 and @entity70719 , participate in the regulation of male gamete development and fertility.

title: Localization of @entity172 receptor alpha and beta RNA in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: The germinal epithelium of the anterior region of the @entity4576 testis is the site of spermatogenesis, whereas the nongerminal epithelium of the posterior region (seminal vesicle) may play a role in the regulation of seminal fluid composition. The available information indicates that @entity172 play a physiological role in the regulation of spermatogenesis and seminal fluid composition in vertebrates. However, the cellular distribution of @entity172 receptor (ER) gene expression in the teleost testis is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and cellular distribution of @entity70718 and @entity70719 transcripts in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity4576 . RT-PCR of whole-testis RNA extracts showed that @entity70718 and @entity70719 RNAs are present in the mature testis. In situ hybridization of histological sections of the germinal epithelium showed that primary spermatocytes contain little or no @entity70718 or @entity70719 RNA. However, both ER transcripts were present in secondary spermatocytes and spermatids and their levels were relatively high in mature sperm. The columnar epithelium of the seminal vesicle also contained @entity70718 and @entity70719 RNA. The ER RNAs in epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle were not evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm but seemed to concentrate in their apical region, near the nucleus. In conclusion, @entity70718 and @entity70719 genes are coexpressed in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity4576 and seem to be developmentally regulated in spermatocytes. These observations are consistent with the concept that @entity172 , via interaction with @entity70718 and @entity70719 , participate in the regulation of male gamete development and fertility.

title: Localization of XXXX receptor alpha and beta RNA in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the @entity4576 testis.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Untargeted metabolomics has the potential to improve the predictivity of in vitro @entity137 models and therefore may aid the replacement of expensive and laborious animal models. Here we describe a long term repeat dose nephrotoxicity study conducted on the @entity1 renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, treated with 10 and 35  mol  liter(-1) of @entity36373 , a metabolite of the anti- @entity5 drug @entity1260 . Our study outlines the establishment of an automated and easy to use untargeted metabolomics workflow for HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry data. Automated data analysis workflows based on open source software (OpenMS, KNIME) enabled a comprehensive and reproducible analysis of the complex and voluminous metabolomics data produced by the profiling approach. Time- and concentration-dependent responses were clearly evident in the metabolomic profiles. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the mode of action, transcriptomics and proteomics data were also integrated. For @entity137 profiling of @entity36373 , 428 and 317 metabolite features were detectable in positive and negative modes, respectively, after stringent removal of chemical noise and unstable signals. Changes upon treatment were explored using principal component analysis, and statistically significant differences were identified using linear models for microarray assays. The analysis revealed toxic effects only for the treatment with 35  mol  liter(-1) for 3 and 14 days. The most regulated metabolites were @entity2041 and metabolites related to the oxidative stress response of the cells. These findings are corroborated by proteomics and transcriptomics data, which show, among other things, an activation of the @entity13791 and @entity15205 pathways.

title: Nephron XXXX Profiling via Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Employing a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Experimental and Computational Pipeline.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity36373 :: ('MESH:C004656', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop short forms of the STAI-Y trait and state scales and associated norms suitable for the screening of @entity148 in elderly populations. METHOD: This study was based on population-based cohorts of older @entity1 from two epidemiological French studies that each included one subscale of the STAI-Y, i.e. state and trait @entity148 scales. For both scales, the most discriminative items were retained and their factorial structure was examined using principal components analysis. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was estimated and cut-offs and norms were computed. RESULTS: A 10-item STAI-Y version produced scores similar to those obtained with the full form of the STAI-Y. The factorial structure of the shortened form is comparable to that of the full scales. Results showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients were 0.92 and 0.85 for short STAI-Y state and trait scales, respectively). Moreover, both short STAI-Y state and trait scales correctly classified 88% of the @entity1 using a cut-off point of 23. Norms for both short trait and state @entity148 scales are provided according to age, gender, educational level and @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Both shortened scales have similar factorial structure and internal consistency to the longer scales and classify anxious/non-anxious elderly with acceptable accuracy. The shorter form is likely to be more acceptable to elderly @entity1 through reduction of fatigue effects.

title: Short STAI-Y XXXX scales: validation and normative data for elderly subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Using the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, as a model @entity1 auditory system, we studied the effect of @entity4943 by @entity1027 on the responses of inferior collicular (IC) neurons to temporally patterned trains of sound pulses delivered at different pulse repetition rates (PRRs) under free-field stimulation conditions. All 66 neurons isolated from eight bats either discharged one to two impulses (phasic on responders, n = 41, 62%), three to eight impulses (phasic bursters, n = 19, 29%), or many impulses throughout the entire duration of the stimulus (tonic responders, n = 6, 9%). Whereas 50 neurons responded vigorously to frequency-modulated (FM) pulses, 16 responded poorly or not at all to FM pulses. @entity1027 application increased the number of impulses of all 66 neurons in response to 4 ms pulses by 15-1,425%. The application also changed most phasic on responders into phasic bursters or tonic responders, resulting in 12 (18%) phasic on responders, 34 (52%) phasic bursters, and 20 (30%) tonic responders. Response latencies of these neurons were either shortened (n = 25, 38%) by 0.5-6.0 ms, lengthened (n = 9, 14%) by 0. 5-2.5 ms or not changed (n = 32, 48%) on @entity1027 application. Each neuron had a highest response repetition rate beyond which the neuron failed to respond. @entity1027 application increased the highest response repetition rates of 62 (94%) neurons studied. The application also increased the highest 100% pulse-locking repetition rates of 21 (32%) neurons and facilitated 27 (41%) neurons in response to more pulses at the same PRR than predrug conditions. According to average rate-based modulation transfer functions (average rate MTFs), all 66 neurons had low-pass filtering characteristics both before and after @entity1027 application. According to total discharge rate-based modulation transfer functions (total rate MTFs), filtering characteristics of these neurons can be described as band-pass (n = 52, 79%), low-pass (n = 12, 18%), or high-pass (n = 2, 3%) before @entity1027 application. @entity1027 application changed the filtering characteristics of 14 (21%) neurons. According to synchronization coefficient-based modulation transfer functions, filtering characteristics of these neurons can be described as low-pass (n = 41, 62%), all-pass (n = 11, 17%), band-suppression (n = 7, 10.5%), and band-suppression-band-pass filters (n = 7, 10.5%). @entity1027 application changed filtering characteristics of 19 (29%) neurons.

title: XXXX affects responses of bat inferior collicular neurons to temporally patterned sound pulses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['GABAergic disinhibition']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['Bicuculline', 'bicuculline']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['GABAergic disinhibition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of @entity1714 . METHODS: A total of 429 eyes with preoperative refraction of -2.00 to -28.00 diopters were treated with LASIK and followed up for more than 12 months. Based on the refraction, the @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: Group I, -2.00, to -8.00 diopters, 179 eyes; Groups II, -8.25 to -15.00 diopters, 137 eyes; Group III, -15.25 to -28.00 diopters, 113 eyes. The examinations included cycloplegic refractions, Goldman tonometry, corneal sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, specular microscopy, pachymetry and corneal topography. The parameters of LASIK were: the thickness of corneal cap was 130 or 160 microns, and the maximum diameter of ablation zone was 6.8 mm. After surgery, @entity11074 was given to the @entity1 topically for 1 or 2 months. RESULTS: The vision and refractions tended to be normal 3 months after operation. The contrast sensitivity returned to normal 3 to 6 months after surgery. The endothelium did not show any changes. At 12 months, respectively 88.8%, 79.6% and 70.8% in the above groups were within +/- 1D, 73.7%, 65.0% and 46.0% were within +/- 0.5D; the uncorrected visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 96.6%, 81.8% and 54.9% of the @entity1 , 84.4%, 58.4% and 15.0% had vision of 1.0 or better. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK is effective and safe for the correction of mild, moderate and high @entity1714 . However, it is more complicated than PRK and more dependent on the surgical skills.

title: [Laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: Most factors known to function in mRNA turnover are not essential for cell viability. To identify essential factors, approximately 4000 temperature-sensitive @entity375 strains were screened for an increase in the level of the unstable @entity43936 pre-mRNA. At the non-permissive temperature, five mutants exhibited decreased decay rates of the @entity43936 pre-mRNA and mRNA, and the @entity25220 , @entity70720 and @entity10637 mRNAs. Of these, the mutant ts1159 had the most extensive phenotype. Expression of the @entity70721 gene (encoding eIF-5A) complemented the temperature-sensitive growth and mRNA decay phenotypes of ts1159. The @entity70721 allele was rescued from these cells and shown to encode a @entity563 to @entity1521 change within a predicted alpha-helical segment of the protein. ts1159 also exhibited an approximately 30% decrease in protein synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Measurement of @entity3689 incorporation in wild-type cells incubated with increasing amounts of @entity1880 demonstrated that a decrease in protein synthesis of this magnitude could not account for the full extent of the mRNA decay defects observed in ts1159. Interestingly, the ts1159 cells accumulated uncapped mRNAs at the non-permissive temperature. These results suggest that eIF-5A plays a role in mRNA turnover, perhaps acting downstream of decapping.

title: A single XXXX substitution in @entity375 eIF-5A results in mRNA stabilization.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Most factors known to function in mRNA turnover are not essential for cell viability. To identify essential factors, approximately 4000 temperature-sensitive @entity375 strains were screened for an increase in the level of the unstable @entity43936 pre-mRNA. At the non-permissive temperature, five mutants exhibited decreased decay rates of the @entity43936 pre-mRNA and mRNA, and the @entity25220 , @entity70720 and @entity10637 mRNAs. Of these, the mutant ts1159 had the most extensive phenotype. Expression of the @entity70721 gene (encoding eIF-5A) complemented the temperature-sensitive growth and mRNA decay phenotypes of ts1159. The @entity70721 allele was rescued from these cells and shown to encode a @entity563 to @entity1521 change within a predicted alpha-helical segment of the protein. ts1159 also exhibited an approximately 30% decrease in protein synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Measurement of @entity3689 incorporation in wild-type cells incubated with increasing amounts of @entity1880 demonstrated that a decrease in protein synthesis of this magnitude could not account for the full extent of the mRNA decay defects observed in ts1159. Interestingly, the ts1159 cells accumulated uncapped mRNAs at the non-permissive temperature. These results suggest that eIF-5A plays a role in mRNA turnover, perhaps acting downstream of decapping.

title: A single @entity3689 substitution in XXXX eIF-5A results in mRNA stabilization.

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of @entity1714 . METHODS: 928 eyes of 678 myopic @entity1 who received LASIK were studied. The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to preoperative diopters (-2.00 - -6.00D, -6.10 - -10.00D _ -10.10 - -20.00D). The mean follow-up was 12 months (6 - 18 months) and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 12 months after surgery, in the first group the mean residual refraction was -0.24 +/- 0.50D in 86% and 92% of eyes were in the ranges of refraction +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, the uncorrected visual acuities of 0.5 and 1.0 were in 99% and 86% of the eyes respectively. In the second group, the mean residual refraction was -0.47 +/- 0.64D, the refraction of 83% and 90% of eyes was in the ranges of +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, and the uncorrected visual acuities in 95% and 79% of eyes were 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. In the third group, the mean residual refraction was -0.89 +/- 1.02D, the refraction of 36% and 62% of the eyes were in the ranges of +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, and the uncorrected visual acuities in 68% and 45% of the eyes were 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. 47 eyes had been retreated with LASIK. 5 eyes lost two or more lines of the best corrected visual acuity due to irregular @entity940 , decentration and progressive @entity1020 . CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LASIK can treat @entity1714 in the range of -2.00 - -20.00 D effectively without vision threatening complications. Some modification of the surgical techniques and laser nomogram will help to improve predictability and stability of outcome.

title: [Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['myopic maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity101 @entity1 with left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 have @entity73 . However, the impact of antihypertensive treatment and LV mass reduction on LV diastolic filling remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiograms were recorded in 728 @entity101 @entity1 with ECG-verified @entity4346 (Cornell voltage-duration or Sokolow-Lyon) at baseline and after 1 year of blinded treatment with either @entity9886 or @entity2165 -based regimen. @entity551 (BP) were reduced on average 23/11 mm Hg; isovolumic relaxation time and E/A ratio became more normal, and LV inflow deceleration time prolonged (all P<0.001). Directionally opposite changes in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time indicate improvement in active LV relaxation and passive chamber stiffness during early diastole. Prevalences of normal LV filling increased, abnormal relaxation and pseudonormalization decreased, and restrictive filling pattern remained unchanged (P<0.05). @entity1 with reduction in LV mass had smaller left atrial diameter, shortened IVRT, increased E/A ratio, and prolonged LV inflow deceleration time (all P<0.001). @entity1 without LV mass reduction had no change in diastolic filling parameters (P=NS). IVRT shortening was independently associated with reduction in LV mass. Increase in E/A ratio was independently associated with reduction in diastolic BP, and increase in the deceleration time was independently associated with reduced end-systolic relative wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive therapy resulting in LV mass or relative wall thickness regression is associated with significant improvement of diastolic filling parameters related to active relaxation and passive chamber stiffness compared with @entity1 without regression, independent of BP reduction; however, @entity1002 remain common.

title: Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The @entity9886 Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in XXXX (LIFE) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired diastolic filling']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of diastolic LV filling']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity101 @entity1 with left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 have @entity73 . However, the impact of antihypertensive treatment and LV mass reduction on LV diastolic filling remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiograms were recorded in 728 @entity101 @entity1 with ECG-verified @entity4346 (Cornell voltage-duration or Sokolow-Lyon) at baseline and after 1 year of blinded treatment with either @entity9886 or @entity2165 -based regimen. @entity551 (BP) were reduced on average 23/11 mm Hg; isovolumic relaxation time and E/A ratio became more normal, and LV inflow deceleration time prolonged (all P<0.001). Directionally opposite changes in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time indicate improvement in active LV relaxation and passive chamber stiffness during early diastole. Prevalences of normal LV filling increased, abnormal relaxation and pseudonormalization decreased, and restrictive filling pattern remained unchanged (P<0.05). @entity1 with reduction in LV mass had smaller left atrial diameter, shortened IVRT, increased E/A ratio, and prolonged LV inflow deceleration time (all P<0.001). @entity1 without LV mass reduction had no change in diastolic filling parameters (P=NS). IVRT shortening was independently associated with reduction in LV mass. Increase in E/A ratio was independently associated with reduction in diastolic BP, and increase in the deceleration time was independently associated with reduced end-systolic relative wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive therapy resulting in LV mass or relative wall thickness regression is associated with significant improvement of diastolic filling parameters related to active relaxation and passive chamber stiffness compared with @entity1 without regression, independent of BP reduction; however, @entity1002 remain common.

title: Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The XXXX Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in @entity101 (LIFE) Study.

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['Losartan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who are small at birth tend to have higher blood pressure in later life. However, it is not clear whether it is fetal growth restriction or the accelerated postnatal growth that often follows it that leads to higher blood pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied blood pressure in 346 British @entity1 and @entity1 aged 22 years whose size had been measured at birth and for the first 10 years of life. Their childhood growth was characterized using a conditional method that, free from the effect of regression to the mean, estimated catch-up growth. @entity1 who had been small at birth but who gained weight rapidly during early childhood (1 to 5 years) had the highest adult blood pressures. Systolic pressure increased by 1.3 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.3) for every standard deviation score decrease in birth weight and, independently, increased by 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.7) for every standard deviation score increase in early childhood @entity1017 . Adjustment for adult body mass index attenuated the effect of early childhood @entity1017 but not of birth weight. Relationships were smaller for diastolic pressure. @entity1017 in the first year of life did not influence adult blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Part of the risk of adult @entity101 is set in fetal life. Accelerated @entity1017 in early childhood adds to this risk, which is partly mediated through the prediction of adult fatness. The primary prevention of @entity101 may depend on strategies that promote fetal growth and reduce childhood @entity28 .

title: Fetal, XXXX , and childhood growth and adult blood pressure: a longitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: @entity52362 is a rare @entity5 with (immuno-) histological features of epithelial cells, surrounded by various amounts of osteofibrous tissue. Recent studies have indicated that cells with an epithelial phenotype are most probably the malignant element. There is still debate as to whether the fibrous part should be designed as a benign neoplastic element of a @entity5 or as a reactive non-neoplastic tissue next to an epithelioid @entity5 . The expression of @entity540 ( @entity540 ), @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), and their respective receptors @entity7167 and @entity470 , as well as the proliferation marker Ki-67, was studied in both constituents of @entity7197 in serial sections of 25 cases by immunohistochemistry. Expression of @entity540 and its receptor was present in both constituents of @entity7197 , but predominated in the epithelial component. Expression of @entity4179 and its receptor was restricted to the epithelial component of @entity7197 . Comparing @entity9051 ( @entity9051 )-like @entity7197 with classic epithelial cell-rich @entity7197 , the expression of @entity540 , @entity4179 , and @entity470 was more intense and in a higher percentage of cells in classic @entity7197 . Proliferative activity was found nearly exclusively in the epithelial component. These data further substantiate the hypothesis that epithelial cells constitute the proliferating @entity5 cell population responsible for the malignant behaviour of @entity7197 . The data indicate that during progression, the epithelial cells acquire expression of @entity540 , @entity4179 , and @entity470 , accompanied by a higher proliferative activity. Within the epithelial cell population, there exists an autocrine pathway of growth stimulation. Furthermore, these data point to an interaction between the epithelial and fibrous components, in which the epithelial cells additionally stimulate fibrous cell growth via a paracrine pathway involving @entity540 .

title: Expression of growth factors and their receptors in XXXX and the implication for its histogenesis.

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumour', 'biphasic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity52362 :: ('MESH:C562741', 'Disease') :: ['Adamantinoma of long bones']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-2', 'fibroblast growth factor type 2']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity9051 :: ('MESH:C563276', 'Disease') :: ['osteofibrous dysplasia', 'OFD']

answer: @entity52362 :: (MESH:C562741,Disease) :: ['adamantinoma of long bones']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate which growth factors, receptors, and growth inhibiting factors are expressed in invasive @entity0 . Five (angiogenic) growth factors and their receptors: platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-AA) and PDGF receptor alpha (PDGF alpha R), PDGF-BB and @entity6006 receptor, @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) and its receptor @entity470 ( @entity470 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptors @entity7 receptor I ( @entity6758 ) and @entity7 receptor II ( @entity319 ( @entity2533 ) and ( @entity6474 ) and their receptor couple transforming growth factor beta receptor I ( @entity7382 ) and @entity2534 ; and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) were stained by standard immunohistochemistry on frozen sections in 45 cases of invasive @entity0 . Staining was scored as negative or positive in @entity5 epithelium, stroma, and blood vessels. @entity2533 and @entity6474 were expressed in the @entity5 cells in 67 per cent and 76 per cent of cases, respectively, whereas PDG beta R and @entity2534 were expressed in 0 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively. The other factors showed variable expression in @entity5 cells. All factors were expressed in the stroma in most cases, except @entity6758 , @entity319 / @entity319 , @entity6474 , and @entity2534 , which showed variable expression, and @entity470 , which showed no expression. The endothelium was in most cases positive for @entity540 , PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, @entity7 , PDGF alpha R, @entity6006 R, and @entity2533 but @entity2533 / was negative in most cases and @entity7790 , @entity470 , @entity6758 , @entity319 / @entity319 , @entity7382 , and @entity2534 were variably expressed. The most interesting possible auto/paracrine loops, as demonstrated on serial sections and by fluorescence double staining, were the @entity7790 / @entity470 , @entity2533 s/ @entity2533 R, @entity7 / @entity6758 , and the @entity7 / @entity319 combinations. In conclusion, growth factors, growth inhibiting factors, and their receptors are frequently expressed in invasive @entity0 . Indications for some possible auto- and paracrine loops have been found, which should encourage further study on the role of these factors in @entity0 proliferation and angiogenesis.

title: Expression of growth factors, growth inhibiting factors, and their receptors in invasive XXXX . I: An inventory in search of autocrine and paracrine loops.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['KDR', 'Flk-1/KDR); two growth inhibiting factors: transforming growth factor-beta-1', 'Flk-1']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Synthetic repair of large congenital diaphragmatic defects (>90%) invariably will lead to recurrence, progressive @entity764 , and @entity358 . Staged reconstruction with living, growing tissue can help avoid these complications. METHODS: Between November 1995 and December 1999, 5 @entity1 (median age, 25 months) with diaphragmatic agenesis underwent staged replacement with a @entity16757 ( @entity16757 ) flap. All required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support at birth followed by synthetic patch ( @entity736 or @entity736 ) diaphragm closure. Clinical evidence of patch disproportion, including recurrence (n = 3), @entity764 (n = 3), radiographic findings (n = 2), and restrictive respiratory patterns (n = 1), provided indication for replacement. The procedure involves removal of the original patch via thoracotomy followed by transposition of a @entity16757 flap (based on the paraspinous and intercostal perforating vessels) into the defect through the bed of the 10th rib. Two @entity1 underwent concomitant fundoplication. RESULTS: @entity16757 flap was completed successfully in all 5 @entity1 . Median length of stay after the procedure was 8 days. With a mean follow-up of 28 months (15 to 64 months), there have been no recurrences and no complications related to the procedure. Respiratory status and @entity764 have improved. There was neither evidence of paradoxical chest wall movement nor obvious limitation of the ipsilateral upper extremity on physical examination. The @entity16757 flaps have grown proportionately to the @entity1 and remained at a stable level on chest x-ray. CONCLUSIONS: Staged reconstruction with patch closure followed by definitive @entity16757 flap repair is a safe and highly effective treatment option in @entity1 with diaphragmatic agenesis. A planned replacement should be considered in all @entity1 with severe @entity2914 and patch closure before the development of @entity1514 .

title: Staged reconstruction of large congenital diaphragmatic defects with synthetic patch followed by XXXX muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic complications']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernias']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall deformity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['reverse latissimus dorsi', 'RLD']

answer: @entity16757 :: (MESH:D054038,Disease) :: ['reverse latissimus dorsi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in outcome, defined as amputation rate and survival in @entity1 treated for @entity63 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Age, sex, and type of procedure for all @entity1 undergoing vascular interventions for @entity63 in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1970 to 1994, were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare. All @entity1 who underwent amputation after treatment were analyzed separately. Data on deceased @entity1 were extracted from the cause-of- @entity204 register. RESULTS: @entity1 had lower survival rates than @entity1 at 30 days @entity676 years after operation (89% vs 92%, 75% vs 80%, and 50% vs 55%; P <.001). In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for @entity204 during the whole study period, increasing age, calendar year (1980 to 1989), and male sex were significant risk factors (P <.001). The percentage of @entity1 who underwent amputation after treatment was comparable with the percentage of @entity1 who underwent amputation (11.4% vs 10.2%, P =.075). The multivariate analysis identified increased age and calendar year (1985 to 1994) as important risk factors for amputation (P <.001). Female sex was not found to increase the risk for amputation. @entity1 who underwent amputation were older than @entity1 with intact limbs (73 vs 68 years, P <.001). The highest percentage of @entity1 who underwent amputation was found among those treated with femorodistal bypass (20%, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is not an important risk factor for poor outcome after treatment for @entity63 , when their increased age has been accounted for. These results imply that we should continue to consider age and type of procedure when estimating outcome, and @entity1 should not be refused an intervention on a sex-related basis. We should possibly be more selective toward @entity1 considering their higher mortality rates.

title: Sex-related differences in outcome after vascular interventions for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lower limb ischemia']


abstract: We studied the pattern of type 1 @entity6 -associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and the transplacental transfer of these autoantibodies to the fetal circulation and searched for possible signs of prenatal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in newborn @entity1 . The population comprised 208 mothers and their newborn @entity1 . Seventy-four of the mothers (36%) had type 1 @entity6 and 134 (64%) of the @entity1 had an affected father or sibling. Blood samples were obtained from the mother at the end of the first trimester and at delivery, and from the cord blood of the newborn @entity1 . Close to 40% of the mothers with type 1 @entity6 had antibodies to islet cells (ICA), 55% to @entity367 decarboxylase (GADA) and 54% to the @entity9217 protein (IA-2A) in early pregnancy, whereas the corresponding frequencies in the nonaffected mothers were 5.2%, 5.2% and 3.0%. No significant changes could be seen in autoantibody levels during pregnancy, and there was a close correlation between the two maternal samples. One third of the @entity1 of mothers with type 1 @entity6 tested positive for ICA, 50% for GADA and 51% for IA-2A. Six percent of the @entity1 of nondiabetic mothers had ICA, 2.2% GADA and none had IA-2A. None of the @entity1 of the antibody negative mothers had antibodies in their cord blood. These observations indicate that the immunomodulatory effect of pregnancy on signs of beta-cell autoimmunity is weak, but if @entity6 -associated autoantibodies are present in the mother, most of them are transferred to the fetal circulation. Our data do not provide any support for fetal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity.

title: Disease-associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and at birth in families affected by type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Accurate serological assays are desirable for the diagnosis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) types in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of modified assays for perinuclear (p) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) in @entity1 with pediatric @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and in those without @entity29 . METHODS: With observers blinded to patients' diagnoses, serum specimens were analyzed for @entity7571 and IgG ASCAs and ANCAs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The perinuclear location of ANCAs visualized by indirect immunofluorescence was confirmed by its disappearance after administration of deoxyribonuclease. RESULTS: IgA and IgG ASCA titers were significantly greater and highly specific for @entity30 (95% for either, 100% if both positive). pANCA was 92% specific for @entity31 and absent in all non- @entity29 controls. The majority of @entity1 with @entity30 positive for pANCA had a @entity31 -like presentation. Disease location, duration, activity, complications, and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs did not have an impact on the ASCA or pANCA assay results. After resection, @entity31 @entity1 remained pANCA positive, in contrast to @entity1 with @entity30 , in whom ASCA titers decreased toward normal values postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: ASCA and pANCA assays are highly disease specific for @entity30 and @entity31 , respectively. These serological tests can assist clinicians in diagnosing and categorizing @entity1 with @entity29 and may be useful in making therapeutic decisions.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of serological assays in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7571 :: ('973', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin (Ig) A']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have been demonstrated to be at least as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the initial management of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). However, the effectiveness of using LMWH in the ambulatory management of @entity1150 in a 'real-life' setting has yet to be evaluated. This multicentre retrospective study involving 697 @entity1 considers the outcome data of @entity1 under- going ambulatory @entity1150 treatment with @entity23294 (Innohep(R), Leo Pharmaceuticals, Risborough, Buckinghamshire, UK). During the 6 months following presentation, 17 (2.5%) @entity1 had confirmed @entity1031 complications, of which 14 occurred subsequent to the initial LMWH treatment phase ('late'). There were no deaths in this group. Bleeding complications were reported in 23 (3.4%) @entity1 , with 13 of these being classified as 'late'. Of these, two events were considered major resulting in hospitalization and @entity204 . Hospitalization for all causes was 6.8% (45 @entity1 ) with 32 @entity1 being admitted for @entity1031 or @entity548 complications. Overall mortality was 6.7%. These results compare favourably with published clinical trial data. This study demonstrates that ambulatory treatment of proven @entity1150 with LMWH is both safe and effective.

title: The outcome of ambulatory XXXX management using a multidisciplinary approach.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity23294 :: ('MESH:C081247', 'Chemical') :: ['tinzaparin']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['DVT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In isolated working @entity840 heart preparations using the conventional technique of cannulating the left atrium via the @entity998 is often insufficiently low (15-20 ml/min). This is a problem in @entity63 reperfusion studies where small absolute differences can be responsible for large relative changes comparing pre- and postischemic values. In an attempt to increase cardiac output, the left atrium was left intact in isolated working @entity840 hearts. The two techniques were compared for hemodynamic parameters and their similarity to the physiological condition. METHODS: The left atrium was cannulated either via the orifices of the pulmonary veins or via an incision in the atrial appendage with its subsequent ligation around the cannula (n = 45-46/group). After 20 min of pressure-volume work cardiac output, heart rate and @entity26 partial pressures were measured and myocardial @entity26 consumption and cardiac efficiency were calculated. RESULTS: Cardiac output was higher in hearts with intact atrial appendage (64 +/- 2 ml/min) than in hearts with ligated atrial appendage (33 +/- 1 ml/min). Myocardial @entity26 consumption (6.1 +/- 0.2 and 8.4 +/- 0.3 micromol/min, resp.) and cardiac efficiency (12.8 +/- 0.6% and 19.9 +/- 0.8%, resp.) were significantly higher in hearts with intact left atrial appendage. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated working @entity840 hearts with an intact left auricle exhibit higher values for important hemodynamic parameters compared to a preparation technique involving ligation of the left auricle.

title: Influence of intact left atrial appendage on hemodynamic parameters of isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage, the resulting cardiac output']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Plasma lipoprotein levels, including remnant-like particle (RLP) @entity165 and RLP @entity1674 , were assessed in fasting (12 hours) and postprandial (PP) (4 hours after a fat-rich meal) states in 88 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and 88 controls. All lipoproteins were assessed by direct methods. We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity301 would have greater percent increases in their @entity412 levels, RLP @entity165 , and RLP @entity1674 , in response to a fat-rich meal. In the fasting state, @entity1674 , RLP @entity165 , RLP @entity1674 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels were all significantly higher in cases versus controls by 51%, 35%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. These levels were 57%, 37%, 64%, and 37% higher in the PP state, respectively. Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 values were 27% lower in cases in both the fasting and PP states. After eating, @entity1674 , RLP @entity165 , and RLP @entity1674 increased 64%, 71%, and 290% in controls, respectively, whereas in cases these levels increased by 71%, 94%, and 340%, respectively (all p <0.0001). Percent increases in the PP state were not significantly different in cases versus controls. Following the fat-rich meal, LDL and HDL @entity165 decreased by 5% and 4% in controls, and by 7% and 6% in @entity1 , with no significant difference in percent changes between groups. Fasting values correlated very highly with PP values for all parameters (all p <0.0001). Our data indicate that although @entity1 with @entity301 have higher fasting and PP levels of @entity1674 , RLP @entity165 , and RLP @entity1674 than controls, the response (percent increase) to a fat-rich meal is comparable in both groups. Thus, a feeding challenge is not essential for assessment of these lipoproteins. Moreover, it is not necessary to obtain a fasting sample to assess direct LDL and HDL @entity165 .

title: Comparison of fasting and postprandial plasma lipoproteins in subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity65 in relation to level of @entity28 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity1 in the @entity101 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity2973 and level of @entity28 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity4346 , @entity998 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity101 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity101 subjects, and increased with @entity2973 . In @entity101 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity1386 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity4346 in severely @entity28 compared with normal-weight @entity101 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity4346 with @entity2973 and @entity28 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity2973 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity1386 . Thus, in @entity101 subjects, @entity1386 increases with @entity2973 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity1386 or BSA obscured associations of @entity4346 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity2973 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity65 with @entity28 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in @entity1 with systemic XXXX to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The @entity101 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'Fat-free mass']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity65 in relation to level of @entity28 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity1 in the @entity101 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity2973 and level of @entity28 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity4346 , @entity998 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity101 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity101 subjects, and increased with @entity2973 . In @entity101 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity1386 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity4346 in severely @entity28 compared with normal-weight @entity101 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity4346 with @entity2973 and @entity28 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity2973 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity1386 . Thus, in @entity101 subjects, @entity1386 increases with @entity2973 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity1386 or BSA obscured associations of @entity4346 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity2973 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity65 with @entity28 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The XXXX Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity65 in relation to level of @entity28 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity1 in the @entity101 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity2973 and level of @entity28 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity4346 , @entity998 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity101 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity101 subjects, and increased with @entity2973 . In @entity101 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity1386 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity4346 in severely @entity28 compared with normal-weight @entity101 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity4346 with @entity2973 and @entity28 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity2973 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity2973 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity1386 . Thus, in @entity101 subjects, @entity1386 increases with @entity2973 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity1386 or BSA obscured associations of @entity4346 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity2973 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity65 with @entity28 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in XXXX with systemic @entity101 to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The @entity101 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cone biopsy and pathologic findings at radical hysterectomy in @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 diagnosed by cone biopsy with @entity5 and treated with radical hysterectomy comprised the study group. The association between the depth of invasion on conization, @entity1350 , positive cone margins, positive endocervical curettage (ECC), and the depth of residual invasion in the radical hysterectomy specimen was examined using Pearson r and point biserial correlation. Independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion were determined by multiple regression. RESULTS: The depth of residual invasion correlated significantly with the depth of invasion (r =.374) and presence of @entity1350 (r(pb)=.372) in the conization specimen, post-cone ECC status (r(pb) =.669), and age at diagnosis (r =.347). The same factors were jointly assessed using multiple regression (R(2) =.636, P<.001). Depth of invasion on conization, @entity1350 , and ECC status were identified as independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion. @entity1 with deep (5 mm or greater) stromal invasion and @entity1350 on conization had significantly higher rates of positive parametrial margins (22% compared with zero, P =.001) and adjuvant radiation (66.7% compared with 20%, P =.004) compared with all other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Depth of invasion, presence of @entity1350 , and age at diagnosis were independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion in the subsequent hysterectomy specimen. These factors should be considered in treatment planning. @entity1 with a combination of these factors may have increased risk for deep residual invasion, positive hysterectomy margins, and adjuvant radiation.

title: Cone biopsy and pathologic findings at radical hysterectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['lymph-vascular invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the prognosis of @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) with a transient or correctable cause suspected as the cause of the @entity1165 / @entity2224 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1165 / @entity2224 in whom a transient or correctable cause has been identified are thought to be at low risk for recurrence and often receive no primary treatment for their @entity943 . METHODS: In the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, @entity1 with a potentially transient or correctable cause of @entity1165 / @entity2224 were not eligible for randomization. The mortality of these @entity1 was compared with the mortality of @entity1 with a known high risk of recurrence of @entity1165 / @entity2224 in the AVID registry. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 having high risk @entity1165 / @entity2224 , those with a transient or correctable cause for their presenting @entity1165 / @entity2224 were younger and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. These @entity1 were more often treated with revascularization as the primary therapy, more commonly received a beta-blocker, less often required therapy for @entity712 and less commonly received either an antiarrhythmic drug or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Nevertheless, subsequent mortality of @entity1 with a transient or correctable cause of @entity1165 / @entity2224 was no different or perhaps even worse than that of the primary @entity1165 / @entity2224 population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 identified with a transient or correctable cause for their @entity1165 / @entity2224 remain at high risk for @entity204 . Further research is needed to define truly reversible causes of @entity1165 / @entity2224 . Meanwhile, these @entity1 may require more aggressive evaluation, treatment and follow-up than is currently practiced.

title: Life-threatening XXXX due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for @entity204 in follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the prognosis of @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) with a transient or correctable cause suspected as the cause of the @entity1165 / @entity2224 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1165 / @entity2224 in whom a transient or correctable cause has been identified are thought to be at low risk for recurrence and often receive no primary treatment for their @entity943 . METHODS: In the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, @entity1 with a potentially transient or correctable cause of @entity1165 / @entity2224 were not eligible for randomization. The mortality of these @entity1 was compared with the mortality of @entity1 with a known high risk of recurrence of @entity1165 / @entity2224 in the AVID registry. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 having high risk @entity1165 / @entity2224 , those with a transient or correctable cause for their presenting @entity1165 / @entity2224 were younger and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. These @entity1 were more often treated with revascularization as the primary therapy, more commonly received a beta-blocker, less often required therapy for @entity712 and less commonly received either an antiarrhythmic drug or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Nevertheless, subsequent mortality of @entity1 with a transient or correctable cause of @entity1165 / @entity2224 was no different or perhaps even worse than that of the primary @entity1165 / @entity2224 population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 identified with a transient or correctable cause for their @entity1165 / @entity2224 remain at high risk for @entity204 . Further research is needed to define truly reversible causes of @entity1165 / @entity2224 . Meanwhile, these @entity1 may require more aggressive evaluation, treatment and follow-up than is currently practiced.

title: Life-threatening @entity943 due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for XXXX in follow-up.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that wall motion velocity during pre-ejection is proportional to the regional content of viable myocardium after reperfusion for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: Pre-ejection wall motion consists of short and fast inward and outward movement towards and away from the center of the left ventricle (LV) and is altered during regional @entity63 . This short-lived event can be accurately quantified by Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI). METHODS: Fourteen open-chest @entity1707 underwent 60 to 120 min of left anterior descending @entity1563 followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The DMI data were collected using a phased-array intracardiac catheter (LV cavity) from @entity63 and nonischemic myocardium encompassed within a plane passing through two epicardial bead markers. Peak tissue velocities during isovolumic contraction (IVC) (peak positive and peak negative), ejection (S) and early filling (E) were measured. The cardiac specimen was sliced through the epicardial markers in a plane approximating the ultrasound imaging plane. The @entity39 ( @entity39 ) (%) was measured by @entity5045 staining. RESULTS: During @entity63 , positive IVC velocity was zero in @entity63 walls with @entity39 >20%. At reperfusion, positive IVC velocity correlated better with @entity39 (r = -0.94, p < 0.0001) than it did S (r = -0.70, p < 0.01) and E (r = -0.81, p < 0.01). Differential IVC (the difference between peak positive and peak negative velocity) highly correlated with @entity39 , during @entity63 (r = -0.78, p < 0.001) and during reperfusion (r = -0.93, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-ejection tissue velocity, as measured by intracardiac ultrasound, allows rapid estimation of the transmural extent of viable myocardium after reperfusion for @entity583 .

title: Intracardiac measurement of pre-ejection myocardial velocities estimates the transmural extent of viable myocardium early after reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['transmural extent of necrosis', 'TEN']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity442 ( @entity442 ), @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and body mass index and prostate volume, as a surrogate marker for @entity1067 , in a community-based sample of black @entity1 . Epidemiologic studies examining the role of @entity442 and @entity2301 suggest that increased levels of serum @entity442 and decreased levels of serum @entity2301 are associated with an increased risk of @entity263 . Few studies have examined these factors with respect to @entity1067 , and these have been limited to white @entity1 . METHODS: The study population consisted of a sample of 364 black @entity1 , 40 to 79 years of age, residing in Genesee County, Michigan. @entity1 with @entity263 or prior prostate surgery were excluded. All subjects completed a clinical examination, which included a complete urologic examination with transrectal ultrasonography, anthropometric measurements, and serum assays for @entity442 and @entity2301 . RESULTS: Multivariable regression models demonstrated that prostate volume increased with increasing age (P <0.0001) and body mass index (P = 0.03). @entity2301 rather than @entity442 was positively associated with increasing prostate volume (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study describing the relationships between @entity442 , @entity2301 , and body mass index and prostate volume, and the only study in black @entity1 . Although earlier studies demonstrated an association between @entity442 and @entity263 risk, our findings indicate that @entity2301 is more relevant for prostate enlargement, suggesting that @entity442 and @entity2301 may play different pathophysiologic roles in benign and malignant prostatic conditions.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and body mass index: clinical correlates of prostate volume among Black XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to gather sources of validity evidence of the @entity1316 Questionnaire (MDQ) in young adults for its use as a screening tool for @entity162 . The sample was composed of 1,002 @entity1 , 268 @entity1 (26.7%). The mean age of @entity1 was 21.1 years (SD=3.9). The results showed that between 3 and 59% of the sample reported some hypomanic experience. Gender differences were found in the total score of the MDQ. The analysis of the internal structure by exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, called Energy-Activity and Disinhibition-Attention. This dimensional structure was replicated in the exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and also had factorial equivalence by gender. @entity1 who met the cut-off points of the MDQ reported a worse perceived mental health status and more consummatory and anticipatory pleasure, compared to the low scores group. These findings indicate that the MDQ has adequate psychometric properties in non-clinical samples, and could be useful as a screening tool in psychopathology, with the possibility of optimizing strategies for early identification and prevention in individuals at high risk for @entity162 . Future studies should further explore the role of subclinical @entity162 and conduct longitudinal studies in samples of the general population.

title: Screening the risk of XXXX : Validity evidence of the @entity1316 Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood Disorder']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar spectrum disorders', 'bipolar phenotype', 'bipolar disorders']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar spectrum disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to gather sources of validity evidence of the @entity1316 Questionnaire (MDQ) in young adults for its use as a screening tool for @entity162 . The sample was composed of 1,002 @entity1 , 268 @entity1 (26.7%). The mean age of @entity1 was 21.1 years (SD=3.9). The results showed that between 3 and 59% of the sample reported some hypomanic experience. Gender differences were found in the total score of the MDQ. The analysis of the internal structure by exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, called Energy-Activity and Disinhibition-Attention. This dimensional structure was replicated in the exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and also had factorial equivalence by gender. @entity1 who met the cut-off points of the MDQ reported a worse perceived mental health status and more consummatory and anticipatory pleasure, compared to the low scores group. These findings indicate that the MDQ has adequate psychometric properties in non-clinical samples, and could be useful as a screening tool in psychopathology, with the possibility of optimizing strategies for early identification and prevention in individuals at high risk for @entity162 . Future studies should further explore the role of subclinical @entity162 and conduct longitudinal studies in samples of the general population.

title: Screening the risk of @entity162 : Validity evidence of the XXXX Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults.

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['Mood Disorder']


abstract: @entity1032 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity741 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity1 were studied. Seven had old @entity583 with significant @entity3979 (group I) and 8 had @entity662 with non-significant @entity3979 (group II). The @entity1032 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity1 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity1032 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity1032 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity1032 test induced LV @entity67 to a greater extent in @entity1 with significant @entity3979 than in those without significant @entity3979 . @entity741 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental stress', 'mental calculation stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: @entity1032 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity741 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity1 were studied. Seven had old @entity583 with significant @entity3979 (group I) and 8 had @entity662 with non-significant @entity3979 (group II). The @entity1032 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity1 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity1032 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity1032 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity1032 test induced LV @entity67 to a greater extent in @entity1 with significant @entity3979 than in those without significant @entity3979 . @entity741 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in XXXX with @entity741 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2167 ( @entity2167 ) is a frequently observed occurrence in mapping populations generated from crosses involving divergent genotypes. In the present study, ten genetic linkage maps constructed from reciprocal F2 and BC1F1 mapping populations derived from the parents Dasanbyeo (indica) and Ilpumbyeo (japonica) were used to identify the distribution, effect, and magnitude of the genetic factors underlying the mechanisms of @entity2167 between the two subspecies. RESULTS: @entity2167 loci detected in the present study were affected by male function, female function, and zygotic selection. The most pronounced @entity2167 loci were mapped to chromosome 3 (transmitted through male gametes), chromosome 5 (transmitted through male gametes), and chromosome 6 (transmitted through female gametes). The level of @entity2167 in BC1F1 populations which defined by chi-square value independence multiple tests was relatively low in comparison to F2 populations. Dasanbyeo alleles were transmitted at a higher frequency in both F2 and BC1F1 populations, suggesting that indica alleles are strongly favored in inter-subspecific crosses in @entity579 . @entity2167 loci in the present study corresponded to previously reported loci for reproductive barriers. In addition, new @entity2167 loci were detected on chromosomes 2 and 12. CONCLUSION: The identification of the distribution of @entity2167 and the effect of genetic factors causing @entity2167 in genetic mapping populations provides an opportunity to survey the whole genome for new @entity2167 loci and their relationships to reproductive barriers. This provides a basis for future research on the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms underlying @entity2167 in @entity579 , and will be useful in molecular breeding programs.

title: Analysis of segregation distortion and its relationship to hybrid barriers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'Segregation distortion']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) discouraged @entity1486 -based @entity263 screening. Previous USPSTF recommendations did not appreciably alter @entity263 screening. Therefore, we designed a trend analysis to determine the population-based impact of the 2012 recommendation. METHODS: The nationally representative National Health Interview Survey was used to estimate the proportion of @entity1 age 40 years and older who saw a physician and were screened for @entity263 in 2013. An externally validated 9-year mortality index was used to analyze screening rates based on remaining life expectancy. Screening rates from 2005, 2010, and 2013 were compared using logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1486 -based screening did not significantly change from 2010 to 2013 among 40- to 49-year-old @entity1 (from 12.5% to 11.2%; P = .4). Screening rates significantly declined in @entity1 age 50 to 59 years (from 33.2% to 24.8%; P < .01), age 60 to 74 years (from 51.2% to 43.6%; P < .01), and age 75 years or older (from 43.9% to 37.1%; P = .03). A large percentage of @entity1 were screened for @entity263 despite a high risk (> 52%) of 9-year mortality, including approximately one third of @entity1 older than age 75 years. Approximately 1.4 million @entity1 age 65 years or older with a high risk (> 52%) of 9-year mortality were screened in 2013. CONCLUSION: @entity263 screening significantly declined among @entity1 older than age 50 years after the 2012 USPSTF guideline discouraging @entity1486 -based screening. A significant proportion of @entity1 continue to be screened despite a high risk of 9-year mortality, including one third of @entity1 age 75 years and older.

title: National XXXX Screening Rates After the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Discouraging Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Screening.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Evaluation of insecticidal activity of flea products is generally based on counting live @entity11101 in the animal's coat 24 and 48 hours following artificial @entity277 . This approach, however, does not allow to specify whether the @entity11101 have had the opportunity to bite and take a bloodmeal prior to their @entity204 . To address this question, 30 @entity468 were alloted to six groups of five animals. Each cat was housed in a separate cage. At Day 0, each group of @entity468 received a single treatment as follows: Group 1: spot-on application of @entity5051 : @entity468 < 4 kg: 40 mg/cat, @entity468 > or = 4 kg: 80 mg/cat (Advantage). Group 2: spot-on application of @entity276 : 50 mg/cat (Frontline spot-on). Group 3: spray application of @entity276 : 7.5 mg/kg b.w. (Frontline spray). Group 4: foam application of @entity315 40/60: 50 mg/kg b.w. (Defencat). Group 5: aerosol spray application of @entity28962 + @entity2960 : one second/kg b.w. (NuvanTop). Group 6: control group: @entity468 were left untreated. One hour after treatment, each cat was infested with 50 unengorged young adult @entity11101 , Ctenocephalides felis, deposited along the dorsal midline. One hour later, each cat was carefully combed using a fine-toothed comb (13 teeth/cm). Collected @entity11101 were swatted to deteci blood in their abdomen. To the manufacturers respective product use instructions and efficacy claims, reeinfestations were made at Days 3, 7, 14 in all groups; at Days 21 and 30 in Groups 1, 2, 4, 6; at Days 35 and 42 in Groups 3 and 6. The @entity468 were combed one hour after each reinfestation. The results indicate that the topical application of @entity5051 or @entity276 does not prevent @entity11101 from biting and feeding within the first hour after @entity277 prior to being killed while the topical application of @entity28962 / @entity2960 and @entity315 let to a better than 80% decrease of the number of engorged @entity11101 for three and seven days post treatment, respectively.

title: Antifeeding effect of several insecticidal formulations against Ctenocephalides felis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2960 :: ('MESH:D005278', 'Chemical') :: ['fenitrothion']

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity28962 :: ('MESH:D004006', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorvos']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine axillary dissection in @entity1 with @entity0 remains controversial. We previously reported a model for predicting @entity2917 in @entity1 with @entity13712 or T1b @entity0 that may guide the practice of selective nodal dissection. The objective of this study was to determine whether the prognosticators that predict nodal @entity3 also predict survival. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of 2,153 @entity1 with @entity0 (< or = 1 cm) diagnosed between January 1984 and December 1995. Cases were identified from a statewide @entity5 registry, the Hospital Association of Rhode Island, and the @entity5 registry at Baystate Medical Center in Massachusetts. The impact on survival of @entity1 age (< or = 40 versus > 40 years), nodal status (positive versus negative), @entity5 size ( @entity13712 versus T1b), and @entity5 grade (1 versus 2 or 3) were analyzed. @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the proportional hazards regression method. RESULTS: There were 388 @entity1 with @entity5 0.5 cm or less ( @entity13712 ) and 1,765 with @entity5 0.6-1.0 cm (T1b). Nodal status was known in 68% of cases (1,461 of 2,153), and @entity5 grade was recorded in 42% of cases (902 of 2,153). In univariate analysis, age, grade, and nodal status were significant in their association with BCSS. @entity5 size did not influence BCSS among @entity1 with small invasive @entity5 . @entity1 older than 40 years had superior survival compared with younger @entity1 (93% versus 78% at 5 years; p = 0.01). Similarly, @entity1 with low grade (1) @entity5 did better than those with higher grade (2 or 3) @entity5 (98% versus 88% at 5 years; p = 0.03). The 5-year BCSS was 96% versus 78% for node-negative versus node-positive disease, and the 10-year BCSS was 91% versus 62% (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age and nodal status remained firmly associated with survival, although grade lost its significance. CONCLUSIONS: Small @entity5 size does not affect survival. Although risk profiles for @entity2917 can be constructed to help guide the practice of selective axillary lymphadenectomy in @entity1 with small invasive @entity0 , these factors cannot serve as a surrogate to nodal status in establishing @entity1 prognosis. Nodal status remains the most powerful determinant of survival in @entity0 @entity1 , even those with very small @entity5 .

title: Prognostic analysis of survival in small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['nodal involvement']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'small invasive breast cancer', 'invasive small breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']