abstract: The characteristics and kinetics of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) efflux were examined in homogeneous suspensions of freshly isolated @entity35 hepatocytes. @entity2197 efflux was measured as its linear accumulation in the suspension medium. Appearance of @entity2197 extracellularly was reflected in a quantitative loss in cellular @entity2197 . However, the total @entity2197 remained essentially unchanged, indicating minimal net synthesis of @entity2197 under these experimental conditions. @entity2197 efflux was sensitive to temperature, with a calculated Q10 value of 2.3. A wide range of cellular @entity2197 concentration ranging from near complete and moderate depletion to severalfold the control values was achieved by treatment of animals or cells with various @entity2197 depletors or inducers. At physiological (fed) and elevated ( @entity5954 - and @entity5303 -induced) cellular @entity2197 , the rate of @entity2197 efflux was near maximum. The rate fell dramatically to 50% maximum at a @entity2197 concentration equaling 35 nmol/10(6) cells. A 48-h fast resulted in a 40% loss of cellular @entity2197 , with a corresponding decrease in efflux rates. Addition of @entity2197 to the incubation medium had no effect on efflux rates. The relationship of @entity2197 efflux to cellular @entity2197 concentration was characterized by apparent sigmoidal saturation kinetics. The data were fitted well by the Hill model with the following kinetic parameters: Vmax = 0.25 nmol X 10(6) cells-1 X min-1, Km = 3.5 mM, and n = 3. These results correspond very closely to our previous findings in the perfused liver.

title: Kinetics of @entity2041 efflux from isolated XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Green tea @entity6398 (GTP) have been widely tested for their effects on several @entity209 and @entity179 such as @entity5 , @entity65 , and @entity6 . The present study was formulated to assess the physiological efficacy of green tea @entity3978 infused with milk (GTPM) on skin integrity in correlation with antioxidative status in healthy adults. Forty-four healthy voluntary subjects were recruited and assigned to two groups, who drank 240 ml of mineral water mixed with either an experimental (GTPM) or placebo package (2 packs per day) for the following 6 months. The experimental group then switched to the placebo package, and vice versa, for a further 6 months, with one month of washout period in between. During the initial, 3(rd), 6(th), 10(th), and 13(th) month anthropometric measurements were performed and fasting blood samples were withdrawn for various biochemical assays. Skin examination was performed at the initial, 6(th) and 13(th) month. No significant alterations were observed in any of the anthropometric measurements. Administration of GTPM significantly increased (p < 0.05) the antioxidant index and antioxidant enzyme activities when compared with the placebo group, whereas a concomitant decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation were noted. Moreover, GTPM intake notably improved skin integrity and texture by markedly lowering (p < 0.05) skin wrinkles and roughness in elderly subjects. GTPM proved to be an effective antioxidant by lowering oxidative stress and thereby ameliorating skin texture and integrity.

title: Improvement of green tea XXXX with milk on skin with respect to antioxidation in healthy adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['polyphenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This observational study aimed to identify clinical variables and health system characteristics associated with incomplete guideline application in drug treatment of @entity1 with @entity712 (HF) across 15 countries. METHODS: Three data sets were used: European Society of Cardiology @entity712 Registry, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Health System Characteristics Survey, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013. @entity1 and country variables were examined by multilevel, multiple logistic regression. The study population consisted of ambulatory @entity1 with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction. Inappropriateness of prescription of pharmacological treatments was defined as @entity1 not prescribed at least one of the two recommended treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers and beta-blockers) or treated with both medications but at suboptimal dosage and in absence of documented contraindication/intolerance. RESULTS: Of 4605 @entity1 , 1097 (23.8%) received inappropriate drug prescriptions with a large variation within and across countries, with 18.5% of the total variability accounted for by between-country health structure characteristics. @entity1 -level characteristics such as having @entity339 (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.7) was significantly associated with inappropriate prescription of recommended drugs, whereas @entity1030 (odds ratio 0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9) was associated with more appropriate prescriptions. Among the country-level variables, incentives or obligation to comply with guidelines increased the probability of prescription appropriateness. CONCLUSIONS: Combining clinical variables with health system characteristics is a promising exercise to explain the appropriateness of recommended drug prescriptions. Such an understanding can help decision makers to design more effective policies to improve adherence to guidelines, improve health care outcomes, and potentially reduce costs.

title: Appropriateness of Prescriptions of Recommended Treatments in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Systems: Findings Based on the Long-Term Registry of the European Society of Cardiology on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: An acute study of @entity50584 ( @entity72875 ) in @entity35 indicated the 4-hr LC50 to be 1.21 mg/liter. In a 2-week study, all animals exposed to 180 mg/m3 died prior to the sixth exposure, @entity35 exposed at concentrations of 66 and 24 mg/m3 showed clinical signs of @entity146 , body @entity308 , increased lung weights, and depressed liver weights. Histopathology showed @entity39 and pyknosis of the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidneys. This effect was limited to the high-concentration exposure group. Based on the results of these studies, Fischer 344 @entity35 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 13 weeks to a respirable, liquid aerosol of @entity72875 at concentrations of 0, 2.0, 6.0, and 17 mg/m3. One @entity35 in the high exposure group died. The most significant finding in this group was @entity39 of the proximal tubular epithelium of the kidneys. Other observations noted during the study included dried material around the nose and mouth, rales and @entity11939 , reversible @entity308 of serum total protein and globulin concentrations, and increases in urinary, serum, and bone @entity1388 amounts. In the lower exposure groups, findings of @entity146 were minimal. All observations occurred in a dose-related pattern. Based on this study, exposure to @entity72875 at 17 mg/m3 resulted in @entity8 , while exposure at 6 mg/m3, although showing elevations of @entity1388 amounts, did not result in a toxic response.

title: Inhalation toxicity studies with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'weight gain depressions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory irritation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11939 :: ('MESH:D007767', 'Disease') :: ['excessive lacrimation']

entities_list: @entity50584 :: ('MESH:C021274', 'Chemical') :: ['boron trifluoride']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity50584 :: (MESH:C021274,Chemical) :: ['boron trifluoride']


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity235 and were monitored for changes in @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity6297 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity855 and 2,3 @entity6298 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7955 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity26 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7955 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7955 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity26 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity855 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7955 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7955 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity137 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7955 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7955 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity26 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity855 , XXXX , and P50 of @entity235 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity7954 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity6297 :: ('MESH:D019794', 'Chemical') :: ['2, 3 diphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity6297 :: (MESH:D019794,Chemical) :: ['2,3 diphosphoglycerate']


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity235 and were monitored for changes in @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity6297 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity855 and 2,3 @entity6298 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7955 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity26 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7955 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7955 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity26 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity855 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7955 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7955 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity137 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7955 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7955 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity26 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity855 , @entity6297 , and P50 of @entity235 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with XXXX in vitro.

answer: @entity7954 :: (MESH:D010728,Chemical) :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity235 and were monitored for changes in @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity6297 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity855 and 2,3 @entity6298 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7955 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity26 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7955 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7955 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity26 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity855 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7955 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7955 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity137 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7955 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7955 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity26 to the tissues.

title: Changes in XXXX , @entity6297 , and P50 of @entity235 blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity7954 in vitro.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['adenosine triphosphate']


abstract: Red cells treated with @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) in vitro were reinfused into the donor @entity235 and were monitored for changes in @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity6297 (2,3 DPG), and P50. @entity855 and 2,3 @entity6298 concentrations increased to 116 and 143 percent of control, respectively, when these cells were incubated with 60 mM @entity7955 for 90 minutes at 37 degrees C. The @entity26 dissociation curve shifted to the right, and P50 increased from 24.5 to 30.6 torr as a result of the @entity7955 treatment. When one-half of the circulating red cell volume was treated with @entity7955 and reinfused into the animal, the red cell 2,3 DPG increased to 120 percent of pretransfusion values. The 2,3 DPG level remained elevated during the following day and returned to near pretransfusion levels on the third day. The P50 of the circulating blood paralleled the variations in the red cell 2,3 DPG level, and the capacity for @entity26 delivery was calculated to be raised by 13 to 38 percent for a period of 24 hours. In contrast, elevated red cell @entity855 returned to control values immediately after transfusion. In vivo viability, i.e., 24-hour survival and one-half disappearance time, of the cells pretreated with @entity7955 were determined by a single-isotope technique using 51Cr. The results showed that @entity7955 treatment did not injure the red cells. In addition, there was neither acute @entity137 nor a deleterious hemodynamic effect when large amounts of @entity7955 were administered intravenously. These results suggest that @entity7955 could be used clinically to improve the capacity of the circulating red cells to deliver @entity26 to the tissues.

title: Changes in @entity855 , @entity6297 , and P50 of XXXX blood following transfusion of autologous red cells pretreated with @entity7954 in vitro.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: In the past, @entity302 was usually treated with polytherapy, but with little knowledge as to the interactions and side-effects of the combinations of the anti- @entity302 drugs used. Adverse events and sparse clinical knowledge led to monotherapy becoming the treatment regime of choice. A new generation of drugs, which are well-tolerated and have few or predictable interactions, have enabled the reassessment of polytherapy for the treatment of @entity302 . Extensive clinical trials of these drugs are allowing the emergence of a new, rationalized approach to polytherapy. In our study, 19 @entity1 with refractory @entity302 , and who were 'socially active and integrated into society', received @entity5305 as add-on therapy. @entity1 were taking a mean of 1.5 drugs, and five @entity1 were taking small doses of drugs which lead to tolerance, such as @entity7353 and @entity1245 . With @entity5305 as add-on therapy, 14 @entity1 (73%) had a greater than 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, and 10 (52%) had a greater than 70% reduction in @entity410 frequency. In one @entity1 , @entity410 frequency increased, and two @entity1 developed @entity2045 . @entity5305 was not shown to have any harmful effects in extensive laboratory, EEG and cognitive function tests. In fact, a minor improvement occurred in visual memory, which was probably related to the reduction in @entity410 . Addition of @entity5305 may, therefore, be of benefit to @entity1 with @entity302 refractory to monotherapy with standard anti- @entity302 drugs.

title: Rationalized polytherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin', 'Vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity7353 :: ('MESH:D001463', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturates']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Gap and interpositional arthroplasties are the most commonly used methods in the treatment of temporomandibular joint @entity3947 . Complete resection of @entity1347 , fibrotic band release and creating gap between the condyle and the glenoid fossa have great importance. Two @entity1 were admitted to our clinic with complaints of @entity2133 and joint @entity158 . In physical examination, maximum mouth opening values were recorded as 7 mm in one @entity1 and 9 mm in another. An operation was planned due the presence of radiological grade 4 bilateral bony @entity3947 . During the operation, foreign materials were found in the joint spaces of the @entity1 . The first @entity1 had a piece of nylon bag in the joint space, whereas the second @entity1 had a @entity6619 sheath used for wound therapy. Following removal of these materials, as a result of the recreation of joint spaces and the placement of suitable @entity6619 blocks, 32 and 34 mm of mouth openings were noted during follow-up. In conclusion, recreated temporomandibular joint spaces after @entity3947 surgery may be filled with a variety of autogenous or non-autogenously materials. However, the use of wrong materials inevitably causes recurrence and even worsens the primary condition.

title: Inappropriate use of foreign materials in temporomandibular joint XXXX surgery: report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ankylotic segments']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty in opening mouth']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

answer: @entity3947 :: (MESH:D000844,Disease) :: ['ankylosis']


abstract: There is still no consensus regarding the most appropriate protocol for managing symptomatic @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) presenting during early infancy. From January 1987 to April 1994, 83 @entity1 with @entity215 were operated on at less than 6 months of age. Sixty @entity1 (mean age 109 +/- 5 days) underwent primary repair and 23 (mean age 72 +/- 10 days) underwent initial palliation with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) in 22 cases. No strict protocol was used but @entity1 who received initial palliation had lower weight, smaller pulmonary annulus or had an anomalous coronary artery. Nineteen of the @entity1 initially palliated underwent repair at a median of 13 months after palliation. During this interval, the pulmonary annulus size increased from a Z-value of -3.0 +/- 0.4 at palliation to -1.6 +/- 0.7 at repair (P = 0.06) and the summed diameters of pulmonary artery branches from -2.2 +/- 0.4 to -1.6 +/- 0.7 (P = 0.2). There were no operative @entity204 among the repaired @entity1 , but two @entity1 died early after shunt insertion. Transannular patch was required in 58% of the @entity1 regardless of the management protocol. Actuarial survival rate and freedom from reoperation at 48 months were 98.0% and 77.4% (P = 0.003) and 87.6% and 90.0% in primarily repaired and initially palliated @entity1 , respectively. Primary repair of @entity215 at the time of presentation is the preferred approach regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surgery for XXXX at less than six months of age. Is palliation "old-fashioned"?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot', 'TOF']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: 1. Atherosclerotic changes of the coronary vascular wall include localized plaque formation and diffuse hardening, both of which influence tensile strength of the inner vascular wall. Insight into the relation between age, the @entity731 process and vessel wall elasticity may contribute to the prevention of secondary vascular wall damage. 2. To evaluate the determinants of coronary artery wall elasticity, we studied a group of 34 @entity1 , aged 54.6 +/- 10.1 years, who underwent balloon angioplasty for @entity453 . With the use of 30 MHz intravascular ultrasound, a total of 127 cross-sections of coronary artery segments outside the balloon area were studied. The echographic appearance of the intima was classified as normal intimal thickening, @entity82 and calcified lesions. @entity75 , which are believed to be rupture prone, were analysed separately. From the lumen area change, measured by semiautomated planimetry from digitized ultrasound images, and simultaneously measured aortic pressure change during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, two elastic parameters were derived, pressure-strain modulus Ep and beta-stiffness. 3. In univariate analysis Ep and beta-stiffness were determined by age, vessel size, intimal composition, severity of lumen obstruction and gender, but not by eccentricity of the lesion or a specific coronary artery. In multivariate linear analysis, increased vessel wall stiffness was independently determined by advanced age, larger vessel size, intimal composition, and to a lesser extent by female gender. Elastic parameters of fibrofatty lesions were not different from other @entity82 . 4. Coronary artery wall elasticity is independently determined by age, vessel size and intimal composition.

title: Contribution of age and intimal lesion morphology to coronary artery wall mechanics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrofatty lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The organization of microtubules within the surface caps of @entity238 embryos is described for the mitotic cycles of the @entity5 (particularly cycle 10), and for the subsequent cellularization process. @entity29634 was labelled with the well characterized monoclonal antibody @entity72876 (Kilmartin et al., J cell biol 93 (1982) 576). Each surface cap was found to contain an array of microtubules running around the nucleus. The microtubules originated at prominent centrosomes located close to the apical surface of each cap nucleus. During mitosis the spindle microtubules stained strongly for @entity29634 . A novel finding was that the spindle microtubules of the interzone region appeared to reduce their connections with the centrosomes at the end of anaphase. The spindle remnant remained in position during telophase but then became smaller in size, disappearing by interphase. At this phase of the cell cycle duplication of the aster centrosomes occurred. The cellular blastoderm stage was marked by a change in the main axis of microtubule orientation. The centrosomes of each cap separated somewhat and formed initiation centres for the development of a well developed basket of microtubules around each nucleus, but now perpendicular to the surface. The microtubule baskets were seen to extend in parallel with nuclear elongation, but not in concert with growth of the cell membranes, which extended some way beneath the bases of the nuclei.

title: Microtubule arrays present during the syncytial and cellular blastoderm stages of the early XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['syncytial blastoderm stage']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review our experience using conformal treatment planning and high-dose radiotherapy for Stage IIIa and IIIb @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and to identify a subset of @entity1 best suited for this approach by analyzing multiple pretreatment @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between December 1987 and June 1992, 37 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with high-dose radiotherapy using conformal radiotherapy were reviewed. The @entity1 characteristics were as follows: Stage IIIa (18 @entity1 ), IIIb [19]; @entity7279 [13], T3-4 [24]; N0-1 [8], N2-3 [29]; and median age 63. All @entity1 were treated with 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions to a median dose of 66 Gy (range 60-70 Gy). Outcome was analyzed by multiple pretreatment variables including age, sex, Karnofsky performance score, pretreatment symptoms, stage group, T and N stage, @entity5 volume (calculated from computed tomography (CT) contours), presence of @entity891 , and @entity5 histology. Outcome was also analyzed by total radiotherapy dose. RESULTS: The median, 1-year and 2-year survival rates for the entire group were 19.5 months, 75 and 37%, respectively. The median, 1-year, and 2-year local progression-free survival rates are 15.6 months, 62 and 23%. There was no difference in survival by stage group (IIIa vs. IIIb) or by T or N stage. @entity5 volumes ranged from 47-511 cc in the @entity1 without @entity891 and were not a significant prognostic factor. Histology was found to be a significant prognostic factor, with @entity957 having a better overall survival and local progression-free survival than other histologies. No other @entity1 characteristic was found to be significant by either univariate or multivariate analysis. When outcome was analyzed by radiotherapy dose, no dose response was evident in the narrow dose range studied (60-70 Gy). @entity137 included two cases of @entity55 , which resolved with conservative therapy. CONCLUSION: High-dose conformal radiotherapy, in our experience, results in overall survival rates that compare favorably with trials of chemoradiotherapy or conventional radiotherapy with a low treatment-associated morbidity. However, local progression remains a significant problem despite median radiotherapy doses of 66 Gy. Future trials using escalating radiotherapy doses with conformal radiotherapy are therefore, indicated.

title: The treatment of XXXX using high dose conformal radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III NSCLC', 'tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features, characterize @entity8 , and evaluate mode of inheritance of @entity8324 in Newfoundlands. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Two families of Newfoundlands including 11 @entity235 with @entity3833 , stranguria, or obstruction attributable to @entity1434 calculi. PROCEDURE: Urinalysis and @entity1854 spot tests were performed to evaluate @entity8324 in the affected @entity235 . All calculi were analyzed by crystallography. @entity535 concentrations in urine and plasma of affected @entity235 were compared with those in clinically normal related @entity235 . @entity8 and reabsorption of @entity1522 were determined in 5 affected Newfoundlands. RESULTS: Nine @entity235 had pure @entity1434 calculi in the bladder, and 4 of these had renal @entity1434 calculi. Affected @entity235 persistently excreted excessive amounts of @entity1434 (> 500 nmol/mg of @entity1011 ; reference = 54 +/- 38 nmol/mg of @entity1011 ) and had typical @entity1434 crystals in acidic urine. Urinary excretion of @entity7222 , @entity376 , and @entity369 was also high. @entity235 with @entity8324 had complete lack of reabsorption and active secretion of @entity1434 , and reabsorption of @entity376 , @entity7222 , and @entity369 was moderately impaired. Although clinical signs of @entity1876 were observed only in males, cystinuric male and female offspring were produced from noncystinuric parents, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Obligate heterozygotes did not have clinical signs, and had normal urinary @entity1434 content and renal @entity535 reabsorption. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Because detection of carriers by routine urinalysis is currently not possible, Newfoundlands with @entity8324 and their parents and offspring should be excluded from breeding.

title: Inheritance of @entity8324 and XXXX in Newfoundlands.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic renal abnormalities', 'Renal fractional excretion']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8324 :: ('MESH:D003555', 'Disease') :: ['cystinuria']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical features, characterize @entity8 , and evaluate mode of inheritance of @entity8324 in Newfoundlands. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: Two families of Newfoundlands including 11 @entity235 with @entity3833 , stranguria, or obstruction attributable to @entity1434 calculi. PROCEDURE: Urinalysis and @entity1854 spot tests were performed to evaluate @entity8324 in the affected @entity235 . All calculi were analyzed by crystallography. @entity535 concentrations in urine and plasma of affected @entity235 were compared with those in clinically normal related @entity235 . @entity8 and reabsorption of @entity1522 were determined in 5 affected Newfoundlands. RESULTS: Nine @entity235 had pure @entity1434 calculi in the bladder, and 4 of these had renal @entity1434 calculi. Affected @entity235 persistently excreted excessive amounts of @entity1434 (> 500 nmol/mg of @entity1011 ; reference = 54 +/- 38 nmol/mg of @entity1011 ) and had typical @entity1434 crystals in acidic urine. Urinary excretion of @entity7222 , @entity376 , and @entity369 was also high. @entity235 with @entity8324 had complete lack of reabsorption and active secretion of @entity1434 , and reabsorption of @entity376 , @entity7222 , and @entity369 was moderately impaired. Although clinical signs of @entity1876 were observed only in males, cystinuric male and female offspring were produced from noncystinuric parents, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Obligate heterozygotes did not have clinical signs, and had normal urinary @entity1434 content and renal @entity535 reabsorption. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Because detection of carriers by routine urinalysis is currently not possible, Newfoundlands with @entity8324 and their parents and offspring should be excluded from breeding.

title: Inheritance of XXXX and @entity8 in Newfoundlands.

answer: @entity8324 :: (MESH:D003555,Disease) :: ['cystinuria']


abstract: We have measured the excretion of a major urinary metabolite of @entity7489 ( @entity3448 ), i.e., @entity57393 , during the infusion of exogenous @entity3448 over a 50-fold dose range to enable estimation of the rate entry of endogenous @entity3448 into the bloodstream. Four healthy male volunteers received 6-h i.v. infusions of venhicle alone and @entity3448 at 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 ng/kg X min in random order. They were pretreated with @entity117 at a dose of 325 mg/d in order to suppress endogenous @entity3448 production. Urinary @entity57393 was measured before, during, and up to 24 h after the infusions and in @entity117 -free periods, by means of radioimmunoassay. The nature of the extracted immunoreactivity was characterized by thin-layer chromatography and confirmed by negative ion-chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. @entity117 treatment suppressed urinary @entity57393 excretion by 80%. The fractional elimination of @entity57393 was independent of the rate of @entity3448 infusion and averaged 5.3 +/- 0.8%. Interpolation of metabolite values obtained in @entity117 -free periods onto the linear relationship between the quantities of infused @entity3448 and the amount of metabolite excreted in excess of control values (y = 0.0066x, r = 0.975, P less than 0.001) permitted calculation of the mean rate of entry of endogenous @entity3448 into the circulation as 0.11 ng/kg X min. The rate of disappearance of immunoreactive @entity3448 from the circulation was monoexponential over the first 10 min with an apparent half-life of 7 min. This corresponded to a maximal estimate of the plasma concentration of endogenous @entity3448 of 2.0 pg/ml. These results suggest that ex vivo platelet activation and/or analytical problems confound estimates of endogenous @entity2871 release based on plasma @entity3448 and provide a rationale for seeking longer-lived enzymatic metabolites of @entity3448 in plasma.

title: Estimated rate of XXXX secretion into the circulation of normal humans.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: To define the in vivo relation between abnormal wall motion and the area at risk for @entity39 after acute coronary occlusion, 11 open chest @entity235 were studied. Five @entity235 underwent left anterior descending @entity1563 and six underwent left circumflex @entity432 . Area at risk was defined at five short-axis levels (mitral valve, chordal, high and low papillary muscle and apex) using myocardial contrast echocardiography. Wall motion was measured in the cycles preceding injection of contrast medium. Two observers used two different methods to measure wall motion. In method A, end-diastolic to end-systolic fractional radial change for each of 32 endocardial targets was determined. The extent of abnormal wall motion was then calculated using three definitions of wall motion abnormality: @entity910 / @entity910 , fractional inward endocardial excursion of less than 10%, and fractional inward endocardial excursion of less than 20%. In method B, the information from the entire systolic contraction sequence was analyzed and correlated with a normal contraction pattern. The best linear correlation between area at risk (AR) and abnormal wall motion (AWM) was achieved using method B and expressed by the following linear regression: AWM = 0.92 AR + 3.0 (r = 0.92, p less than 0.0001, SEE = 1.7%). Of the three definitions of abnormality used in method A, the best correlation was achieved between area at risk and less than 10% inward endocardial excursion and was expressed by the following polynomial regression: AWM = -0.01 AR2 + 1.5 AR -0.14 (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, SEE = 1.7%). These data demonstrate that there is a definite relation between area at risk and abnormal wall motion but that this relation varies depending on the method used to analyze wall motion. However, wall motion during acute @entity63 is also influenced by the loading conditions of the heart. Because these may vary in a manner that is independent of the ischemic process, measurement of both risk area and abnormal motion may provide a more comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in @entity741 than is provided by the measurement of either alone.

title: Contrast echocardiography in XXXX . III. An in vivo comparison of the extent of abnormal wall motion with the area at risk for @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia', 'dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial ischemia']


abstract: To define the in vivo relation between abnormal wall motion and the area at risk for @entity39 after acute coronary occlusion, 11 open chest @entity235 were studied. Five @entity235 underwent left anterior descending @entity1563 and six underwent left circumflex @entity432 . Area at risk was defined at five short-axis levels (mitral valve, chordal, high and low papillary muscle and apex) using myocardial contrast echocardiography. Wall motion was measured in the cycles preceding injection of contrast medium. Two observers used two different methods to measure wall motion. In method A, end-diastolic to end-systolic fractional radial change for each of 32 endocardial targets was determined. The extent of abnormal wall motion was then calculated using three definitions of wall motion abnormality: @entity910 / @entity910 , fractional inward endocardial excursion of less than 10%, and fractional inward endocardial excursion of less than 20%. In method B, the information from the entire systolic contraction sequence was analyzed and correlated with a normal contraction pattern. The best linear correlation between area at risk (AR) and abnormal wall motion (AWM) was achieved using method B and expressed by the following linear regression: AWM = 0.92 AR + 3.0 (r = 0.92, p less than 0.0001, SEE = 1.7%). Of the three definitions of abnormality used in method A, the best correlation was achieved between area at risk and less than 10% inward endocardial excursion and was expressed by the following polynomial regression: AWM = -0.01 AR2 + 1.5 AR -0.14 (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, SEE = 1.7%). These data demonstrate that there is a definite relation between area at risk and abnormal wall motion but that this relation varies depending on the method used to analyze wall motion. However, wall motion during acute @entity63 is also influenced by the loading conditions of the heart. Because these may vary in a manner that is independent of the ischemic process, measurement of both risk area and abnormal motion may provide a more comprehensive assessment of cardiac function in @entity741 than is provided by the measurement of either alone.

title: Contrast echocardiography in @entity741 . III. An in vivo comparison of the extent of abnormal wall motion with the area at risk for XXXX .

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: In order to determine whether @entity25 would affect the hormonal patterns and the normal relationships between hormone pulses and sleep stages, the 24-hour profiles of @entity701 , @entity4090 and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) were analysed in 6 @entity25 @entity1 studied at Brazzaville and in 5 healthy African controls studied in Abidjan. Polysomnographic recordings were done continuously and blood was taken every 10 minutes throughout the 24-hour period. Plasma was analyzed for @entity701 , @entity4090 and PRA. The circadian rhythm of @entity701 , considered as an example of an endogenous rhythm was attenuated in all the @entity1 but one, but as in normal subjects, @entity25 ( @entity25 ) remained associated with the declining phases of the secretory episodes. @entity4090 and PRA profiles, which are strongly influenced by the sleep-wake cycle did not show the increase normally associated with long sleep periods and reflected the spreading of sleep and wakefulness throughout the 24-hour period. However, @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep began in @entity25 @entity1 , as in normal subjects, during the descending phases of @entity4090 pulses. In both groups, PRA reflected the sleep stage distribution with non @entity1319 (NREM) sleep occurring during the ascending phases and @entity1319 sleep during the descending phases of the oscillations. However, in @entity25 @entity1 , the marked @entity1949 often did not allow sufficient time for PRA to increase significantly, as observed with regular NREM- @entity1319 sleep cycles. These results demonstrate that, together with the disruption of the sleep-wake cycle, there are profound differences in the temporal organization of the 24 hour hormone profiles in @entity1 @entity7247 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Maintenance of the relation between the pulsed secretion of hormones and the internal sleep structure in @entity1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['African trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['REM', 'rapid-eye movement']

answer: @entity7247 :: (MESH:D014353,Disease) :: ['African trypanosomiasis']


abstract: In order to determine whether @entity25 would affect the hormonal patterns and the normal relationships between hormone pulses and sleep stages, the 24-hour profiles of @entity701 , @entity4090 and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) were analysed in 6 @entity25 @entity1 studied at Brazzaville and in 5 healthy African controls studied in Abidjan. Polysomnographic recordings were done continuously and blood was taken every 10 minutes throughout the 24-hour period. Plasma was analyzed for @entity701 , @entity4090 and PRA. The circadian rhythm of @entity701 , considered as an example of an endogenous rhythm was attenuated in all the @entity1 but one, but as in normal subjects, @entity25 ( @entity25 ) remained associated with the declining phases of the secretory episodes. @entity4090 and PRA profiles, which are strongly influenced by the sleep-wake cycle did not show the increase normally associated with long sleep periods and reflected the spreading of sleep and wakefulness throughout the 24-hour period. However, @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) sleep began in @entity25 @entity1 , as in normal subjects, during the descending phases of @entity4090 pulses. In both groups, PRA reflected the sleep stage distribution with non @entity1319 (NREM) sleep occurring during the ascending phases and @entity1319 sleep during the descending phases of the oscillations. However, in @entity25 @entity1 , the marked @entity1949 often did not allow sufficient time for PRA to increase significantly, as observed with regular NREM- @entity1319 sleep cycles. These results demonstrate that, together with the disruption of the sleep-wake cycle, there are profound differences in the temporal organization of the 24 hour hormone profiles in @entity1 @entity7247 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Maintenance of the relation between the pulsed secretion of hormones and the internal sleep structure in XXXX @entity7247 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recently it has been demonstrated that retinal hemodynamics are disturbed in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . As the underlying cause a reduction in perfusion pressure due to @entity2790 (IOP) and @entity2479 has been discussed. The present study was undertaken to clarify the influence of filtering surgery on retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . A total of 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 aged between 37 and 86 years were included in this prospective study. All @entity1 underwent digital @entity941 angiography before and 10 days after fistulating procedures. From the angiograms the arteriovenous passage time ( @entity1831 ) and arterial mean dye-bolus velocity (MDV) were quantified by means of digital picture analysis. At baseline the @entity1831 was significantly prolonged in the @entity1 as compared with reference values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 1.6 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.01). After the fistulating procedure (IOP: before, 29 +/- 5 mmHg; after, 16 +/- 4 mmHg) the @entity1831 was significantly reduced as compared with baseline values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 2.0 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.05), whereas the MDV showed only a slight increase ( @entity72877 .70 +/- 0.89 versus 5.99 +/- 0.92 mm/s; P > 0.05). This study confirms a disturbance of retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . The significant reduction in @entity1831 observed after lowering of the IOP by fistulating procedures demonstrates the positive influence of IOP reduction on the retinal circulation. The improvement in retinal circulation may prevent the occurrence of further @entity16 after fistulating procedures.

title: Retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies of retinal autoregulation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Recently it has been demonstrated that retinal hemodynamics are disturbed in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . As the underlying cause a reduction in perfusion pressure due to @entity2790 (IOP) and @entity2479 has been discussed. The present study was undertaken to clarify the influence of filtering surgery on retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . A total of 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 aged between 37 and 86 years were included in this prospective study. All @entity1 underwent digital @entity941 angiography before and 10 days after fistulating procedures. From the angiograms the arteriovenous passage time ( @entity1831 ) and arterial mean dye-bolus velocity (MDV) were quantified by means of digital picture analysis. At baseline the @entity1831 was significantly prolonged in the @entity1 as compared with reference values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 1.6 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.01). After the fistulating procedure (IOP: before, 29 +/- 5 mmHg; after, 16 +/- 4 mmHg) the @entity1831 was significantly reduced as compared with baseline values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 2.0 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.05), whereas the MDV showed only a slight increase ( @entity72877 .70 +/- 0.89 versus 5.99 +/- 0.92 mm/s; P > 0.05). This study confirms a disturbance of retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . The significant reduction in @entity1831 observed after lowering of the IOP by fistulating procedures demonstrates the positive influence of IOP reduction on the retinal circulation. The improvement in retinal circulation may prevent the occurrence of further @entity16 after fistulating procedures.

title: Retinal hemodynamics in XXXX with chronic @entity1538 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent intensive neurophysiological experiments in the monkey have demonstrated the function of the cerebellum in the control of @entity1319 . Microstimulation studies on monkeys have determined that the cerebellar cortex, which is specifically involved in the control of saccades, is located in vermal lobules VIc and VII. The Purkinje-cell axons arising from this vermal area terminate almost exclusively in an ellipsoidal region which protrudes dorsocaudally from the fastigial nucleus. Saccade-related cells in the fastigial nucleus are located exclusively in the ellipsoidal region. Microstimulation of the vermis modulated the activity of saccade-related cells in the fastigial nucleus, and then produced dysmetric saccades. In this study, we investigated effects of cerebellar stimulation on saccade metrics in @entity1 using a @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) device. Focal @entity9808 was applied over the posterior cerebellum at an area approximately 7 mm lateral and caudal to the inion during horizontal visually guided saccades in six normal subjects. The @entity9808 device was triggered after the onset of saccades with a latency of 0, 20, 40 or 60 ms. We investigated the effect of @entity9808 on the amplitude and velocity of @entity1319 . For visually guided saccades directed contralateral to the stimulation side, @entity9808 of the posterior cerebellum with the latency of 0 ms produced hypometric saccades followed by corrective saccades. Transcranial magnetic stimulation with latencies of 20, 40 and 60 ms had no effect on saccade metrics. On the other hand, for ipsilateral saccades, @entity9808 with latencies of 0, 20 and 40 ms produced hypermetric saccades followed by postsaccadic drift.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the posterior cerebellum during visually guided saccades in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['saccadic eye movements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: We report a newly identified syndrome in which nasal retinal fibres fail to decussate due to the inborn absence of an optic chiasm. Visual evoked potential (VEP) assessment and neuro-opththalmic evaluation in two unrelated, non-albino @entity1 revealed the unusual @entity227 in the form of misrouted retinal-fugal projections. Monocular VEP responses across the occiput, regardless of stimulus mode (full- or partial-field pattern onset, pattern reversal, luminance flash or high temporal frequency luminance flicker) showed unequivocal evidence of pathological VEP ipsilateral asymmetry. Marked attenuation of primary visual evoked responses from the occiput contralateral to the eye of stimulation, indicative of aberrant contralateral retinal-fugal projections, was confirmed by MRI which depicted the remarkable @entity558 . MRIs and neurological evaluation also confirmed the absence of accompanying congenital or acquired @entity600 . Ophthalmic evaluation revealed that both achiasmatic @entity1 had reduced distance acuity for age, alternating @entity5971 , torticollis, head @entity400 and ocular motor instability; visual fields were normal. Eye movements were also monitored and indicated @entity9529 waveforms in the horizontal plane; see-saw nystagmus was observed in the the horizontal plane; see-saw nystagmus was observed in the vertical and torsional planes. The age range of the two @entity1 during evaluation and follow-up, over a 6-year period, was about 4-15 years. Comparisons of VEP responses from age-matched normal, albino and idiopathic @entity9529 controls, recorded under the same VEP test conditions, were also performed. In contrast to the achiasmatic ipsilateral inter-ocular asymmetry, the albinos showed the expected monocular VEP topography pattern of contralateral asymmetry. Also as expected, VEP profiles from the normal controls and those with @entity9529 , evinced no aberrant asymmetry patterns. In general, the results indicate that the VEP misrouting protocol is indispensable for the non-invasive electrophysiological detection and differential diagnosis of optic pathway mutations and may well identify individuals with @entity9529 or @entity4068 that are, in fact, achiasmatic.

title: Non-decussating retinal-fugal fibre syndrome. An XXXX associated with visuotopic misrouting, visual evoked potential ipsilateral asymmetry and nystagmus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pathway anomaly']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['achiasmatic condition']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['brain malformations or anomalies']

entities_list: @entity9529 :: ('MESH:D020417', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nystagmus', 'purported idiopathic congenital nystagmus']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['inborn achiasmatic malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unlike @entity1412 , where the premalignant nature of @entity6523 is well established, the @entity5 risk in @entity1412 has generally been considered not increased. METHODS: This study reviews all cases of @entity1412 reported in the English language to date to assess the occurrence and prognosis of @entity189 in the gastrointestinal tract. RESULTS: A total of 218 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age at diagnosis was 18.5 years (range: 9 months to 67 years). No gender preference was identified. The most common presenting symptom was @entity417 , followed by @entity360 , @entity1127 , @entity6518 , and intussusception. A family history of @entity1412 could be established in approximately 50% of @entity1 , and associated @entity600 were detected in 15%. Ninety-nine @entity1 underwent 138 gastrointestinal operations: 121 colorectal, 12 gastric, and 5 small intestinal procedures. The development of a @entity1820 was reported in 36 cases (17%). Mean age at diagnosis of @entity189 was 35.5 years (range: 4-60 years). Most @entity5 were located in the distal colon and rectum, with only one case of gastric and one case of @entity189 . @entity5 stage at diagnosis was usually advanced, with poor survival figures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity950 carry a more significant risk of @entity189 than generally appreciated. Therefore, more intense endoscopic surveillance may be warranted, and definitive surgical options should often be considered in these syndromes.

title: Malignant potential in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse of polyp']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile polyposis syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile polyposis', 'familial polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['intestinal juvenile polyposis syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The metastatic status of the axillary nodes is prognostically important but its value has been questioned in the management of nonpalpable @entity0 . This study correlates the incidence of positive nodes with the size of the primary nonpalpable @entity5 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 220 invasive and 21 microinvasive @entity0 that were excised after needle localization and for which axillary dissections were subsequently performed. Of invasive @entity5 , 166 presented as mass lesions with or without microcalcifications and 54 as microcalcifications alone. The size of the mass lesions (n = 166) was determined mammographically and on pathologic specimens. They were subdivided into five groups according to diameter: (a) < or = 5 mm, (b) 6-10 mm, (c) 11-20 mm, (d) > 20 mm, and (e) unrecorded size. RESULTS: Axillary @entity3 were found in 9% of @entity1 whose @entity5 presented as microcalcifications alone. They were found in 0, 11, and 22% of @entity1 in mammographic groups, a, b, and c, respectively. In the corresponding groups in which size was determined from the pathology report, @entity3 were found in 5, 10, and 27%. CONCLUSION: The size of nonpalpable @entity0 measured on the excised gross specimen and by mammogram accurately predicts the likelihood of axillary node @entity3 .

title: Axillary node status in nonpalpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The severity of acute experimental @entity1566 in @entity35 was assessed quantitatively with the aid of an automated image analyzer by measuring the amount of degenerating axons that had developed distal to the site of mechanical insult. @entity1566 was produced in adult male @entity35 by epidural compression at T-11 with a @entity455 . On the 7th postoperative day, the animals were graded according to the degree of hindlimb @entity51 , as follows: Grade 0: normal (three @entity35 ); Grade 1: crawling with difficulty (10 @entity35 ); Grade 2: some @entity717 (nine @entity35 ); and Grade 3: no @entity717 (nine @entity35 ). The @entity35 were then sacrificed. The L-6 segment was chosen for selective @entity575 impregnation of degenerating axons by the Fink-Heimer method. @entity575 grains, representing degenerating axons and their terminals, were accumulated in the descending tracts and in Rexed's laminae VII and VIII. The extent of axonal damage was expressed by the percentage of the area occupied by @entity575 grains in Rexed's lamina VIII. The area occupied by @entity575 grains was 17.0% (mean) in Grade 0 @entity35 , 22.3% +/- 2.63% (mean +/- standard deviation) in Grade 1 @entity35 , 28.7% +/- 3.35% in Grade 2 @entity35 , and 35.9% +/- 2.76% in Grade 3 @entity35 . The severity in Grade 3 @entity35 was close to that of @entity35 with transected cords (37.6% +/- 0.89%). The differences among the groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This method may serve as a useful tool for the objective assessment of therapeutic modalities in large series of small experimental animals.

title: Experimental XXXX : quantitation of axonal damage by automated image analysis.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Biemer vascular clip']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity308 ( @entity4375 ) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is considered an indication of decreased vagal and/or increased sympathetic tone. To determine the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on @entity4375 after @entity583 we studied 27 @entity1 with a first Q wave @entity583 , no signs of @entity712 and no history of arterial @entity101 or @entity6 . An additional group of 10 @entity1 with the same clinical characteristics served as controls. On the 5th day after the onset of @entity583 , three consecutive boluses of @entity2647 were given intravenously and baseline @entity4375 was taken as the mean slope of the linear regression lines of RR intervals over systolic blood pressure. QT interval was also measured and corrected according to Bazett's formula (QTc). Consequently, a single oral dose of @entity3371 50 mg or placebo was given to treatment or control group @entity1 , respectively; @entity4375 and QTc were reassessed 1 h later. One hour after @entity3371 administration @entity4375 increased from 5.95 +/- 2.80 to 9.14 +/- 3.46 ms.mmHg-1 (P < 0.0001); QTc increased from 414 +/- 46 to 425 +/- 46 ms (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure decreased from 125 +/- 19 to 115 +/- 15 mmHg (P = 0.0002), while heart rate did not change significantly. Baseline @entity4375 was correlated only with age (r = -0.74, P < 0.0001). In the control group, 1 h after placebo, no difference was observed in any variable compared to baseline. @entity3371 appears to improve @entity4375 immediately in the early phase of @entity583 .

title: Acute effect of XXXX administration on baroreflex sensitivity in @entity1 with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed baroreflex sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: @entity308 ( @entity4375 ) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is considered an indication of decreased vagal and/or increased sympathetic tone. To determine the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on @entity4375 after @entity583 we studied 27 @entity1 with a first Q wave @entity583 , no signs of @entity712 and no history of arterial @entity101 or @entity6 . An additional group of 10 @entity1 with the same clinical characteristics served as controls. On the 5th day after the onset of @entity583 , three consecutive boluses of @entity2647 were given intravenously and baseline @entity4375 was taken as the mean slope of the linear regression lines of RR intervals over systolic blood pressure. QT interval was also measured and corrected according to Bazett's formula (QTc). Consequently, a single oral dose of @entity3371 50 mg or placebo was given to treatment or control group @entity1 , respectively; @entity4375 and QTc were reassessed 1 h later. One hour after @entity3371 administration @entity4375 increased from 5.95 +/- 2.80 to 9.14 +/- 3.46 ms.mmHg-1 (P < 0.0001); QTc increased from 414 +/- 46 to 425 +/- 46 ms (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure decreased from 125 +/- 19 to 115 +/- 15 mmHg (P = 0.0002), while heart rate did not change significantly. Baseline @entity4375 was correlated only with age (r = -0.74, P < 0.0001). In the control group, 1 h after placebo, no difference was observed in any variable compared to baseline. @entity3371 appears to improve @entity4375 immediately in the early phase of @entity583 .

title: Acute effect of @entity3371 administration on baroreflex sensitivity in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity308 ( @entity4375 ) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is considered an indication of decreased vagal and/or increased sympathetic tone. To determine the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) on @entity4375 after @entity583 we studied 27 @entity1 with a first Q wave @entity583 , no signs of @entity712 and no history of arterial @entity101 or @entity6 . An additional group of 10 @entity1 with the same clinical characteristics served as controls. On the 5th day after the onset of @entity583 , three consecutive boluses of @entity2647 were given intravenously and baseline @entity4375 was taken as the mean slope of the linear regression lines of RR intervals over systolic blood pressure. QT interval was also measured and corrected according to Bazett's formula (QTc). Consequently, a single oral dose of @entity3371 50 mg or placebo was given to treatment or control group @entity1 , respectively; @entity4375 and QTc were reassessed 1 h later. One hour after @entity3371 administration @entity4375 increased from 5.95 +/- 2.80 to 9.14 +/- 3.46 ms.mmHg-1 (P < 0.0001); QTc increased from 414 +/- 46 to 425 +/- 46 ms (P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure decreased from 125 +/- 19 to 115 +/- 15 mmHg (P = 0.0002), while heart rate did not change significantly. Baseline @entity4375 was correlated only with age (r = -0.74, P < 0.0001). In the control group, 1 h after placebo, no difference was observed in any variable compared to baseline. @entity3371 appears to improve @entity4375 immediately in the early phase of @entity583 .

title: Acute effect of @entity3371 administration on baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Up to now there have been no descriptions in the literature of endocardial catheter mapping and successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of the right sided accessory pathway during sustained @entity955 . We attempted ablation of a right posterolateral and a right lateral accessory pathway during sustained @entity955 with rapid anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway in two @entity1 with @entity3153 . In both @entity1 (aged 47 and 52 years), sustained @entity955 occurred during the electrophysiological study to assess accessory pathway conduction properties. The mean ventricular rate during @entity955 was 180 and 170 beats. @entity1009 , respectively. Both @entity1 were successfully ablated with a single radiofrequency impulse. At the successful ablation sites, a potential of the accessory pathway was consistently recorded preceding the onset of preexcitation in the surface electrogram, by 25 ms in @entity1 1 and 30 ms in @entity1 2. The unipolar electrogram recorded from the ablation catheter showed a QS morphology and the accessory pathway potential preceded the intrinsic deflection by 10 ms in both @entity1 . Onset of the ventricular electrogram ( @entity1 1: -20 ms; @entity1 2: -15 ms) and its activation time ( @entity1 1: -15 ms; @entity1 2: +5 ms) in relation to the onset of preexcitation in the surface electrocardiogram also indicated the close proximity of the ablation catheter to the accessory pathway. Preexcitation disappeared within 2 s after energy application in both @entity1 . Thus, radiofrequency catheter ablation of right sided accessory pathways during sustained @entity955 is feasible and may obviate the need for medical or electrical cardioversion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of right sided accessory pathways during sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity3485 shock secondary to intraoperative or @entity548 requires urgent, aggressive resuscitation to achieve a successful outcome. Common difficulties encountered include the need for venous access, restoration of blood volume, and most important, maintenance of normothermia. The rapid solution administration set utilized in this study addresses the above limitations. @entity1211 is quickly accomplished by the percutaneous insertion of a large-bore catheter into the central venous system. The set requires only one central venous entry site for adequate fluid resuscitation. Expeditious restoration of blood volume is accomplished by gravity-induced infusion of crystalloids, colloids, and blood products at flow rates of up to 1,600 ml/minute. High flow rates are obtained by utilizing low-resistance filters and large-bore perfusion tubing. Avoidance of transfusion-induced @entity2332 is addressed by incorporation of an extracorporeal heat exchanger into the administration set. The infusate temperature is maintained at 37 degrees C regardless of the administration rate or the initial fluid temperature. In vitro and @entity235 in vivo testing demonstrated no significant @entity2142 of the transfused blood and allowed maintenance of normothermia.

title: Normothermic rapid volume replacement for XXXX shock: an in vivo and in vitro study utilizing a new technique.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous access']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity3485 :: (MESH:D020896,Disease) :: ['hypovolemic']


abstract: In the present work, twelve bacilli were isolated from four different regions of @entity1 skin from Bela population of Nagpur district, India. The isolated bacilli were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Seven isolates were Gram negative rods, out of which five were belong to genus Pseudomonas. Three among the five Gram positive isolates were identified as Dermabactor and the remaining two Bacillus. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to several currently used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Dermabactor genus was resistant to @entity2176 , although it was earlier reported to be susceptible. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antibiotic for Pseudomonas while @entity802 , @entity869 and @entity803 were ineffective. Isolates of Bacillus displayed resistance to the extended spectrum antibiotics @entity8509 and @entity5505 . @entity2892 , @entity7911 and @entity4967 were found to be the most effective antibiotics as all the investigated isolates were susceptible to them. Antibiotic resistance may be due to the overuse or misuse of antibiotics during the treatment, or following constant exposure to antibiotic-containing cosmetic formulations.

title: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacilli isolated from the skin of healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity8509 :: ('D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 28(10) of (see record ). In the article, the third sentence of the Internal Consistency subsection of the Results section should read: Item 8, "Not being able to remember important parts of the @entity130 ," had an item-total correlation of .34, and Item 16, "Taking more risks or doing things that might cause you or others harm" had an item-total correlation of .44; the range of item-total correlations for the remaining 18 items was .62-.82, with an average of .70."] The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for @entity4987 (PDS-5), a self-report measure of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) based on diagnostic criteria of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 . @entity1 were 242 urban community residents, veterans, and college undergraduates recruited from 3 study sites who had experienced a @entity4987 Criterion A traumatic experience. The PDS-5 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (a = .95) and test-retest reliability (r = .90) and good convergent validity with the @entity1005 Checklist-Specific Version (r = .90) and the @entity1005 Symptom Scale-Interview Version for @entity4987 (PSSI-5; r = .85). The PDS-5 also showed good discriminant validity with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory-Trait scale (all ZH > 3.05, ps < .01). There was 78% agreement between the PDS-5 and the PSSI-5. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded a cutoff score of 28 for identifying a probable @entity1005 diagnosis. The PDS-5 is a valid and reliable measure of @entity4987 @entity1005 symptomatology. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale for XXXX (PDS-5).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity4987 :: (1398,Species) :: ['DSM-5']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common @entity154 , but TGDC @entity189 is rare. @entity189 management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 @entity5 cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases recorded as @entity5 in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 28 TGDC @entity189 (hospital-recorded diagnosis) @entity1 , DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC @entity189 , 11% and 29% as @entity1315 primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different @entity1 . Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent @entity1374 was reported in all Delphian node and @entity3557 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true @entity5 , @entity1315 primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Upper neck XXXX (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated @entity3557 , @entity3557 , and Delphian node @entity3557 metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal lobe PTC', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TGDC cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal lobe']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland malignancy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common @entity154 , but TGDC @entity189 is rare. @entity189 management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 @entity5 cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases recorded as @entity5 in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 28 TGDC @entity189 (hospital-recorded diagnosis) @entity1 , DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC @entity189 , 11% and 29% as @entity1315 primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different @entity1 . Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent @entity1374 was reported in all Delphian node and @entity3557 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true @entity5 , @entity1315 primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated XXXX , @entity3557 , and Delphian node @entity3557 metastasis.

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common @entity154 , but TGDC @entity189 is rare. @entity189 management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 @entity5 cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases recorded as @entity5 in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 28 TGDC @entity189 (hospital-recorded diagnosis) @entity1 , DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC @entity189 , 11% and 29% as @entity1315 primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different @entity1 . Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent @entity1374 was reported in all Delphian node and @entity3557 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true @entity5 , @entity1315 primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated @entity3557 , XXXX , and Delphian node @entity3557 metastasis.

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['pyramidal lobe papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common @entity154 , but TGDC @entity189 is rare. @entity189 management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 @entity5 cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases recorded as @entity5 in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 28 TGDC @entity189 (hospital-recorded diagnosis) @entity1 , DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC @entity189 , 11% and 29% as @entity1315 primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different @entity1 . Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent @entity1374 was reported in all Delphian node and @entity3557 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true @entity5 , @entity1315 primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated @entity3557 , @entity3557 , and Delphian node XXXX metastasis.

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: AIM: To examine survival outcomes of @entity201 ( @entity201 ) resection including mortality, morbidity and prognostic factors. METHODS: Multivariate analyses were carried out based on the survival data of all @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity201 who underwent curative resection at Srinagarind Hospital from January 2006 to December 2011. RESULTS: There were 29 (19%) cases of intrahepatic CCA that involved hilar and 124 (81%) with hilar bile-duct @entity5 . R0 resection was carried out on 66 (43.1%) @entity1 of whom 50 (32.7%) also had lymph node @entity3 . The other @entity1 underwent R1 resection. The overall 5-year survival rate was 20.6% (95%CI: 13.8-28.4) and median survival time was 19.9 mo. Postoperative mortality was 2%, and 30% of @entity1 had complications. @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 were 60% less likely to die than those with @entity3 . Achieving R0 led to a 58% reduction in the chance of mortality as compared to R1. CONCLUSION: To achieve a better survival outcome, focus should center on performing radical surgery and detection of @entity1 with early stage @entity5 .

title: Outcome of curative resection for XXXX in Northeast Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma', 'PCCA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4854 is a metabolic alteration in major burn @entity1 associated with complications. The study aimed at evaluating the safety of general ICU @entity413 control protocols applied in major burns receiving prolonged ICU treatment. METHODS: 15year retrospective analysis of consecutive, adult burn @entity1 admitted to a single specialized centre. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: death or length of stay <10 days, age <16years. VARIABLES: demographic variables, burned surface (TBSA), severity scores, infections, ICU stay, outcome. Metabolic variables: total energy, @entity1735 and insulin delivery/24h, arterial blood @entity413 and CRP values. Analysis of 4 periods: 1, before protocol; 2, tight doctor driven; 3, tight nurse driven; 4, moderate nurse driven. RESULTS: 229 @entity1 , aged 45  20 years (mean  SD), burned 32  20% TBSA were analyzed. SAPSII was 35  13. TBSA, Ryan and ABSI remained stable. @entity130 increased. A total of 28,690 blood @entity413 samples were analyzed: the median value remained unchanged with a narrower distribution over time. After the protocol initiation, the normoglycemic values increased from 34.7% to 65.9%, with a reduction of hypoglycaemic events (no extreme @entity4053 in period 4). Severe @entity4854 persisted throughout with a decrease in period 4 (9.25% in period 4). Energy and @entity413 deliveries decreased in periods 3 and 4 (p<0.0001). Infectious complications increased during the last 2 periods (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: A standardized ICU @entity413 control protocol improved the glycemic control in adult burn @entity1 , reducing @entity413 variability. Moderate glycemic control in burns was safe specifically related to @entity4053 , reducing the incidence of hypoglycaemic events compared to the period before. @entity4854 persisted at a lower level.

title: Moderate glycemic control safe in critically ill adult burn XXXX : A 15 year cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Inhalation injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The presence of @entity438 in association with @entity2758 has been well documented. @entity439 have been described in typical proximal sites along the feeding system to the @entity2758 , in abnormal distal locations along feeding vessels, and in sites remote and apparently hemodynamically unrelated to the @entity2758 . Little attention has been focused on the most appropriate medical and surgical care of @entity1 harboring these lesions. Since 1977, 22 @entity1 with this combination of lesions have been evaluated at our institution. Nine @entity1 (41%) presented after @entity932 . The remaining 13 @entity1 were investigated because of @entity410 in 5 @entity1 (23%), @entity10 in 4 @entity1 (18%), and progressive @entity63 in 4 @entity1 (18%). Among the @entity1 suffering @entity932 , 78% had bled from an @entity439 , with 22% having hemorrhaged from their @entity2758 . All 7 of the @entity1 who suffered aneurysmal @entity548 bled from atypical distal @entity439 on major feeding vessels. Our experience and that of others has led us to believe that the safest approach to @entity1 with this combination of lesions is to treat the @entity439 before microsurgical resection of the associated @entity2758 . Hemodynamic changes associated with the abrupt elimination of an @entity2758 may place associated @entity439 at immediate risk.

title: Intracranial arteriovenous malformations associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of prenatal screening on the birth prevalence of three categories of @entity154 : abdominal wall defects (omphalocele and @entity6675 ), @entity8 / @entity16490 , and limb reduction defects. SETTING: Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. METHODS: Data on the selected defects were obtained retrospectively from the population based Glasgow Register of @entity154 for the period 1980-91 inclusive. The register records all clinical or laboratory diagnoses of @entity154 in live births, stillbirths, and induced abortions occurring in @entity1 resident within the boundaries of the Greater Glasgow Health Board. The secular trends in the proportions of the defects diagnosed prenatally and terminated after screening, and in their prevalence at birth and during pregnancy, were examined. A total of 154,845 births were surveyed: 309 cases were identified in the selected anomaly categories. RESULTS: 83 cases of omphalocele/ @entity6675 (5.4/10,000 births), 92 cases of @entity8 / @entity16490 (5.9/10,000 births), and 134 cases of limb reduction defects (8.7/10,000 births) were found. Marked increases occurred over the study period in the proportions of cases diagnosed prenatally but not in the proportions terminated. The greatest difference between the prevalence at birth and during pregnancy was found for omphalocele. There were no significant secular trends in the prevalence of the selected defects. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal screening has made a limited epidemiological impact on the prevalence of these defects. It has been moderately (but inconsistently) effective in the avoidance of births of @entity1 with omphalocele/ @entity6675 and @entity8 / @entity16490 but not of limb reduction defects. Future efforts should be directed towards improving the technical aspects of the ultrasonographic detection of fetal abnormalities and exploring in detail, locally, the reasons for the varying pattern of decision making about termination of pregnancy among prospective parents.

title: Impact of prenatal screening and diagnosis on the epidemiology of structural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Anomalies', 'congenital anomaly', 'structural congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of a clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a novel pharmaceutical composition in the form of vaginal suppositories containing @entity13589 in the course of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) I-II conservative treatment. It offers an attractive drug therapy for more personalized prevention of @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 78 @entity1 of reproductive age were included. This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial with efficacy determined by histological evaluation of cervical biopsies. The efficacy of active drug treatment (100 and 200  mg/day) in both treatment groups was significantly higher in comparison with the placebo group, according to the primary efficacy end point (proportion of @entity1 with complete @entity3146 regression after 90-180  days of the study drug treatment). RESULTS: The efficacies were 100.0  % (confidence interval (CI) 95  %: 82.35-100.00  %), 90.5  % (CI 95  %: 69.62-98.83  %), and 61.1  % (CI 95  %: 35.75-82.70  %), for the high dose, low does, and placebo, respectively. Adverse events in the placebo group were reported in 22  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 7.5-43.7  %); in the first treatment group (100  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 40.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 21.1-61.3  %); in the second treatment group (200  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 42.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 22.1-63.4  %). The differences in side effects between treatment groups treated with the active drug and placebo were statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of @entity13589 in the form of intravaginal suppositories can be effective in @entity1 with @entity3146 and is not accompanied by clinically significant side effects. This approach could be a better option for young @entity1 with @entity3146 as it takes in attention their reproductive plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: ChiCTR-INR-15007497 (2 December 2015).

title: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial (phase IIa) on XXXX 's efficacy and safety in the treatment of @entity3146 : implications for @entity5 prevention.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13589 :: ('MESH:C444299', 'Chemical') :: ['diindolylmethane']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN I-II', 'CIN']

answer: @entity13589 :: (MESH:C444299,Chemical) :: ['diindolylmethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of a clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a novel pharmaceutical composition in the form of vaginal suppositories containing @entity13589 in the course of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) I-II conservative treatment. It offers an attractive drug therapy for more personalized prevention of @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 78 @entity1 of reproductive age were included. This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial with efficacy determined by histological evaluation of cervical biopsies. The efficacy of active drug treatment (100 and 200  mg/day) in both treatment groups was significantly higher in comparison with the placebo group, according to the primary efficacy end point (proportion of @entity1 with complete @entity3146 regression after 90-180  days of the study drug treatment). RESULTS: The efficacies were 100.0  % (confidence interval (CI) 95  %: 82.35-100.00  %), 90.5  % (CI 95  %: 69.62-98.83  %), and 61.1  % (CI 95  %: 35.75-82.70  %), for the high dose, low does, and placebo, respectively. Adverse events in the placebo group were reported in 22  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 7.5-43.7  %); in the first treatment group (100  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 40.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 21.1-61.3  %); in the second treatment group (200  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 42.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 22.1-63.4  %). The differences in side effects between treatment groups treated with the active drug and placebo were statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of @entity13589 in the form of intravaginal suppositories can be effective in @entity1 with @entity3146 and is not accompanied by clinically significant side effects. This approach could be a better option for young @entity1 with @entity3146 as it takes in attention their reproductive plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: ChiCTR-INR-15007497 (2 December 2015).

title: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial (phase IIa) on @entity13589 's efficacy and safety in the treatment of XXXX : implications for @entity5 prevention.

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['CIN']