abstract: There is growing evidence that the palliative care needs of certain @entity1 , such as those from minority ethnic groups, are not being met. The aim of this study was to investigate whether place of @entity204 from @entity5 differs between ethnic groups. A total of 101,516 @entity1 resident in South East England and who died from lung, @entity0 between 1998 and 2006 were extracted from the Thames Cancer Registry database. Ethnicity data were available for 68,804 @entity1 (68%). The odds ratios (ORs) of @entity204 from @entity5 in a hospice, at home or in hospital were calculated. The results were adjusted for age at @entity204 , deprivation, @entity5 network of residence and time between diagnosis and @entity204 . Following adjustment, @entity204 in a hospice was significantly less likely for @entity15449 @entity1 (OR=0.47 95% CI [0.30-0.74]), Indian @entity1 (0.68 [0.55-0.84]) and Bangladeshi @entity1 (0.33 [0.19-0.56]). Death at home was significantly less likely in Black African @entity1 (0.48 [0.36-0.65]), Black Caribbean @entity1 (0.78 [0.67-0.90]) and Chinese @entity1 (0.46 [0.28-0.76]). @entity15449 , Indian, Bangladeshi, Black African, Black Caribbean and Chinese @entity1 were all significantly more likely than White @entity1 to die in hospital. The results were not substantially altered by recoding the unknown ethnicity group to White or using multiple imputation to assign those with a missing ethnicity an ethnic group. Place of @entity204 varies between ethnic groups. This may reflect differences in preferences for place of @entity204 or barriers to accessing specialist care in different settings. More detailed prospective qualitative studies are urgently required to determine reasons for this variation.

title: Does place of @entity204 from XXXX vary between ethnic groups in South East England?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a screening examination in the search for @entity3 , it has already demonstrated its value when performed as a carefully directed study to detect focal @entity99 . In the past 18 months we have encountered nine @entity1 (six @entity1 , three @entity1 --ages 14-66) with a variety of @entity5 ( @entity1358 , two; @entity694 , two; @entity157 , two; @entity3123 , one; @entity1911 , one; @entity980 , one) whose MR scans revealed @entity99 after normal or nondiagnostic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The lesions were most clearly demonstrated using spin echo (SE) technique with recovery times (TR) of 2.0 seconds and delay times (TE) of 56 msec; metastases usually imaged with greater signal intensity than surrounding liver parenchyma. Lesions were solitary in three @entity1 , multiple in six, and were found in all hepatic lobes without any specific location predominating. Pathologic confirmations of MR diagnoses were available in six of nine @entity1 . In two @entity1 , CT scans were of poor technical quality because streak artifacts from surgical clips obscured portions of the liver. In one @entity1 iodinated contrast medium could not be given. In the remaining six @entity1 CT scan quality was acceptable. This report is not a comparison study of the two modalities. We simply present nine @entity1 in whom metastases were not detected by CT for various reasons but were found by MRI using SE technique.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of XXXX in the presence of negative CT studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic metastases', 'hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic metastases']


abstract: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity1426 to @entity2918 . @entity2247 expression has been found in many @entity5 . This study analyzed the correlation between @entity2247 expression and angiogenesis or apoptosis in @entity1 @entity418 . The study examined the expression of @entity2247 in six @entity418 cell lines and in 100 @entity1721 , comparing intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and apoptotic index (AI) by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL methods. @entity2247 was variably expressed in all the cell lines examined. @entity2247 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of @entity189 cells. Significantly higher mean IMVD and lower AI were noted in the 51 strong @entity2247 expressing cases than in the 49 weak cases. IMVD and AI were negatively correlated. @entity2247 expression was higher in the @entity5 with lymphatic invasion than in the others. These data indicate that @entity2247 expression is associated with increased intratumoral microvessels and suppression of @entity5 cell apoptosis. Thus @entity2247 might play an important role in the angiogenesis and regulation of apoptosis in @entity1721 .

title: Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 is correlated with high intratumoral microvessel density and low apoptotic index in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinomas', 'esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the conversion of @entity1426 to @entity2918 . @entity2247 expression has been found in many @entity5 . This study analyzed the correlation between @entity2247 expression and angiogenesis or apoptosis in @entity1 @entity418 . The study examined the expression of @entity2247 in six @entity418 cell lines and in 100 @entity1721 , comparing intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) and apoptotic index (AI) by immunohistochemistry and TUNEL methods. @entity2247 was variably expressed in all the cell lines examined. @entity2247 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of @entity189 cells. Significantly higher mean IMVD and lower AI were noted in the 51 strong @entity2247 expressing cases than in the 49 weak cases. IMVD and AI were negatively correlated. @entity2247 expression was higher in the @entity5 with lymphatic invasion than in the others. These data indicate that @entity2247 expression is associated with increased intratumoral microvessels and suppression of @entity5 cell apoptosis. Thus @entity2247 might play an important role in the angiogenesis and regulation of apoptosis in @entity1721 .

title: Expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 is correlated with high intratumoral microvessel density and low apoptotic index in XXXX @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: More than 80% of total @entity1063 (NA) and @entity1425 (A) and nearly 100% of @entity935 (DA) circulate in blood as @entity7910 , and it has been proposed that @entity597 conjugation contributes to the inactivation of @entity2661 (CA). @entity597 conjugation rapidly responds to changes in sympathetic activity and may buffer the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of wide fluctuations in CA release in phaeochromocytoma. This hypothesis was tested in seven @entity1 with phaeochromocytoma by consecutive measurements of plasma-free and conjugated NA, under resting conditions, before operation and at least 4 weeks after @entity5 removal. Free and total (free + @entity7910 ) NA were markedly elevated before compared with 1-4 months after surgery. Similar elevations were seen in free and total A and free DA. Before surgery consecutive measurements of total NA, 5 min apart, were markedly different (17 +/- 4.1 and 13.7 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, respectively), whereas only small differences in free NA levels were present (4.1 +/- 1.5 and 4.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). These differences between total and free levels were also apparent for A and DA, but to a lesser degree. In three @entity1 , fluctuations in total NA concentration greater than 12 ng/ml were associated with either no change (one @entity1 ) or changes of 0.6 and 2.8 ng/ml in free levels for the other two @entity1 , respectively. Mean blood pressure (BP) varied less than 8 mmHg in these @entity1 . These findings suggest that @entity597 conjugation is a dynamic process which may limit wide fluctuations in free CA concentration during episodic secretory activity in phaeochromocytoma.

title: @entity597 conjugation limits fluctuations in free XXXX in phaeochromocytoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity7910 :: ('CHEBI:35175', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphates']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulphate', 'sulphate']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: More than 80% of total @entity1063 (NA) and @entity1425 (A) and nearly 100% of @entity935 (DA) circulate in blood as @entity7910 , and it has been proposed that @entity597 conjugation contributes to the inactivation of @entity2661 (CA). @entity597 conjugation rapidly responds to changes in sympathetic activity and may buffer the haemodynamic and metabolic consequences of wide fluctuations in CA release in phaeochromocytoma. This hypothesis was tested in seven @entity1 with phaeochromocytoma by consecutive measurements of plasma-free and conjugated NA, under resting conditions, before operation and at least 4 weeks after @entity5 removal. Free and total (free + @entity7910 ) NA were markedly elevated before compared with 1-4 months after surgery. Similar elevations were seen in free and total A and free DA. Before surgery consecutive measurements of total NA, 5 min apart, were markedly different (17 +/- 4.1 and 13.7 +/- 4.4 ng/ml, respectively), whereas only small differences in free NA levels were present (4.1 +/- 1.5 and 4.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml). These differences between total and free levels were also apparent for A and DA, but to a lesser degree. In three @entity1 , fluctuations in total NA concentration greater than 12 ng/ml were associated with either no change (one @entity1 ) or changes of 0.6 and 2.8 ng/ml in free levels for the other two @entity1 , respectively. Mean blood pressure (BP) varied less than 8 mmHg in these @entity1 . These findings suggest that @entity597 conjugation is a dynamic process which may limit wide fluctuations in free CA concentration during episodic secretory activity in phaeochromocytoma.

title: XXXX conjugation limits fluctuations in free @entity2661 in phaeochromocytoma.

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['Sulphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1346 @entity1652 (tubes and "buttons") are used extensively for long-term feeding and administration of special diets and medications. However, their potential for harboring microorganisms and possibly compromising the host largely is unknown. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the microbial species in viable biofilms attached to these devices in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A total of 78 domains on 18 @entity1346 @entity1652 (12 "buttons" and 6 tubes converted to skin level devices), previously used for feeding (3 to 47 months) in @entity1 ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were analyzed for microbial content. Biofilms were removed from the @entity1346 tube surfaces and inoculated into enriched nutrient media using standard procedures. Intact biofilms also were observed using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: All devices analyzed in this investigation were found to exhibit biofilm growth. Of the 24 identified bacterial species, the predominant genera included Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Control studies of the tubes under @entity4653 showed a multitude of crevices serving as niches for microbial colonization. Observation of the attached biofilm by @entity4653 showed various biomasses with numerous morphologies. CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm composition and attachment to @entity1346 enteral access devices has not received appropriate attention previously. This study shows that devices are colonized with various bacteria and fungi posing a potential threat to @entity1 , particularly those who are immunocompromised. These microorganisms also may play a significant role in the formation of granulation tissue and contribute to device failure.

title: Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from XXXX @entity1652 .

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy devices']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1346 @entity1652 (tubes and "buttons") are used extensively for long-term feeding and administration of special diets and medications. However, their potential for harboring microorganisms and possibly compromising the host largely is unknown. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the microbial species in viable biofilms attached to these devices in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A total of 78 domains on 18 @entity1346 @entity1652 (12 "buttons" and 6 tubes converted to skin level devices), previously used for feeding (3 to 47 months) in @entity1 ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were analyzed for microbial content. Biofilms were removed from the @entity1346 tube surfaces and inoculated into enriched nutrient media using standard procedures. Intact biofilms also were observed using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: All devices analyzed in this investigation were found to exhibit biofilm growth. Of the 24 identified bacterial species, the predominant genera included Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Control studies of the tubes under @entity4653 showed a multitude of crevices serving as niches for microbial colonization. Observation of the attached biofilm by @entity4653 showed various biomasses with numerous morphologies. CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm composition and attachment to @entity1346 enteral access devices has not received appropriate attention previously. This study shows that devices are colonized with various bacteria and fungi posing a potential threat to @entity1 , particularly those who are immunocompromised. These microorganisms also may play a significant role in the formation of granulation tissue and contribute to device failure.

title: Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from @entity1346 XXXX .

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['gastrostomy devices']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laproscopic surgery is widely used in treating @entity344 . This study investigated the clinical result, short-term outcomes, and cost analysis of the newly developed gasless laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (GLADG) and compared it with conventional open distal gastrectomy (ODG). METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 underwent distal gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection for early @entity356 from December 2005 to January 2008. Thirty-one @entity1 underwent GLADG and 44 underwent ODG. @entity282 , @entity1286 use, disease-free and overall survival, and surgical and hospital costs were measured postoperatively and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: @entity1 in the two groups were comparable by age, sex, body mass index, @entity5 size, @entity5 location, @entity5 staging, and operative time. The GLADG group had early start of oral intake and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P   <   .05). There was less morphine use from postoperative day 1 to 4 in the GLADG group than in the ODG group (P   <   .05), and body temperature from postoperative day 1 to 2 was lower in the GLADG than in the ODG group (P   <   .05). Cost analysis showed that operation cost (100,242        5385 versus 36,455        1419) and equipment cost (65,909        5385 versus 2122        1419) was higher in the GLADG group, but its total hospital cost (193,552        12,715 versus 206,676        41,920) was lower than in the ODG group (P   <   .05). The 2-year disease-free and overall survival rates were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: GLADG is feasible for early @entity356 . It is advantageous because of @entity158 , less postoperative inflammatory response, less @entity190 , and shorter total hospital stay while achieving the same oncologic results as ODG.

title: Gasless laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early XXXX : analysis of initial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We discuss in this work the role of @entity54 biofilms in the clinical setting by reviewing the most recent findings on this topic. @entity54 can produce in vitro an extracellular hydrophobic matrix with typical biofilm characteristics under all static conditions tested, i.e., agar media, @entity852 and bronchial epithelial cells. Under static conditions the mycelial growth is greater than in shaken, submerged conditions. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of @entity8319 , a-1,3-glucans, @entity7787 and @entity8371 , melanin and proteins including major antigens and hydrophobins. Typical biofilm structures were observed in the aspergillomas from two @entity1 and in a @entity19 model of @entity20585 . The results indicate that a-1,3-glucans plays a predominant role in the agglutination of the hyphae together in aerial conditions, and that nutrient starvation was responsible for @entity204 in aspergilloma. Melanin was produced during the infection, suggesting that this pigment is necessary for lung tissue invasion. All antifungal drugs are significantly less effective when A. fumigatus is grown under biofilm vs. @entity558 . Chronic persistence of a unique genotype of A. fumigatus in the respiratory tract of CF- @entity1 and the presence of an ECM in vivo may have some therapeutical application for @entity2381 . The most appropriate antifungal drug should not be selected only on the basis of its efficiency to kill in vitro grown fungal cells, but also on its ability to penetrate the ECM.

title: XXXX biofilms in the clinical setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic conditions']

entities_list: @entity8319 :: ('MESH:C012990', 'Chemical') :: ['galactomannan']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['mycelial death']

entities_list: @entity20585 :: ('MESH:D055744', 'Disease') :: ['invasive pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity8371 :: ('CHEBI:26191', 'Chemical') :: ['polyols']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: AIM: To test the effect of a noncaustic concentration of @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) in a standardized smear layer model. METHODOLOGY: The smear layer dissolution kinetics of 0.5% @entity3880 on @entity1 dentine were compared to those of 2.25% @entity3880 and 17% @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) solutions. Coronal dentine discs were prepared from six @entity1 maxillary molars. A standardized smear layer was produced on the pulpal side of each disc. The smear layer-covered surface was divided into three similar areas and then exposed to one of the three solutions tested. Co-site image sequences (around 40, 500  ) of the specific areas were obtained after four cumulative demineralisation times (15, 30, 60 and 180 s). An image processing and analysis sequence measured sets of images, providing data of area fraction (AF, dentine-free area in % of total analysis area). A general linear model for repeated measures was used to verify the influence of time and solution type over the change in AF from baseline (/\AF). RESULTS: Overall, @entity1098 and 2.25% @entity3880 produced higher /\AF values than the 0.5% @entity3880 solution (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in /\AF between 15 s and 30 s (P > 0.05). After 60 s of etching, all tested solutions produced similar /\AF (P > 0.05), whereas at 180 s, /\AF of both @entity1098 and 2.25% @entity3880 continued to increase (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After 60 s of contact, the 0.5% @entity3880 solution dissolved smear layer as well as 2.25% @entity3880 and 17% @entity1098 .

title: Smear layer dissolution by XXXX of low concentration.

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['peracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity3879 :: (MESH:D010463,Chemical) :: ['peracetic acid']


abstract: As cutaneous pigment-producing cells, melanocytes can become targets of primary and secondary immune response as can be seen in @entity66 and @entity7375 . @entity1800 have previously been implicated as a possible precipitating factor in the destruction of melanocytes in these disorders. During viral replication, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced as an intermediate metabolite, which induces antiviral and inflammatory responses through @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ) in cells of innate immune system. The functional responses of melanocytes to dsRNA, however, remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that @entity1 melanocytes expressed @entity6800 at a constitutive and inducible level. Stimulation with poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analogue, triggered apoptosis of melanocytes. The apoptosis-inducing effect was shown by RNA interference to be largely dependent on @entity6800 , but occurred independently of NF-kB activation since treatment with specific NF-kB inhibitor @entity30462 failed to prevent the process. In contrast, @entity2391 neutralizing Ab blocked the apoptosis-inducing effect of dsRNA, indicating the involvement of @entity2391 autocrine signalling. Furthermore, studies on the intracellular signal transduction pathways revealed that dsRNA induces the activation of @entity3963 , @entity1366 and @entity10886 in melanocytes. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that activation of @entity3963 and @entity1366 controlled both @entity2391 secretion and @entity2391 mediated cell death. Taken together, these data suggest that viral dsRNA stimulates @entity6800 in @entity1 melanocytes and triggers the cellular apoptosis through autocrine of @entity2391 .

title: Double-stranded RNA induces melanocyte death via activation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases like vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infections']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome']

answer: @entity6800 :: (7098,Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 3']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) due to @entity814 in 46,XX @entity1 is characterized by primary @entity2588 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity249 , low serum levels of @entity53 , and elevated @entity1420 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity774 due to @entity814 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity1 with @entity774 associated with @entity814 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity72370 / @entity72371 ) in the @entity9667 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was recommended due to the @entity74 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity52 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity619 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity2691 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity53 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity147 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity1 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity52 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a @entity1 With XXXX Through @entity52 Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2691 :: ('MESH:C015854', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol valerate']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['acute fetal distress']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['17a-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['In vitro fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['CAH', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['17a-Hydroxylase Deficiency']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) due to @entity814 in 46,XX @entity1 is characterized by primary @entity2588 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity249 , low serum levels of @entity53 , and elevated @entity1420 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity774 due to @entity814 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity1 with @entity774 associated with @entity814 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity72370 / @entity72371 ) in the @entity9667 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was recommended due to the @entity74 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity52 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity619 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity2691 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity53 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity147 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity1 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity52 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a @entity1 With @entity814 Through XXXX Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['IVF']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity774 ( @entity774 ) due to @entity814 in 46,XX @entity1 is characterized by primary @entity2588 , absent or incomplete sexual maturation, @entity249 , low serum levels of @entity53 , and elevated @entity1420 (P). There were no previous reports of singleton live births from such @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the first successful singleton live birth in a female with @entity774 due to @entity814 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 26-year-old Brazilian @entity1 with @entity774 associated with @entity814 due to the compound heterozygote mutation ( @entity72370 / @entity72371 ) in the @entity9667 gene expressed the desire to conceive. @entity52 ( @entity52 ) was recommended due to the @entity74 . The first attempt of treatment failed despite the production of viable embryos. At the second @entity52 attempt, all viable embryos were frozen due to inadequate endometrial development associated with prematurely elevated serum P during ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, a long-acting GnRH agonist and oral @entity619 were used to lower ovarian and adrenal P overproduction. Once serum levels of P were < 1 ng/mL, endometrial preparation with @entity2691 and frozen-thawed embryo transfer were performed, resulting in a singleton pregnancy. @entity53 supplementation was completely suspended by 14 weeks of gestation. She delivered at 30 weeks and 4 days due to @entity147 . The puerperium was uneventful; the newborn was discharged in good conditions 5 weeks after birth. CONCLUSION: A successful live birth was achieved in a @entity1 with 17-hydroxylase deficiency through @entity52 , cryopreservation of all embryos, and frozen-thawed embryo transfer after adequate endometrial preparation.

title: Successful Live Birth in a XXXX With @entity814 Through @entity52 Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Woman']


abstract: @entity579 plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use @entity3104 as a source of inorganic @entity1568 . @entity1160 synthetase (GS) catalyses the conversion of @entity3104 to @entity1160 . Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in @entity579 , OsGS1;1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling. However, the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of @entity1568 assimilation and @entity505 metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear. To address this issue, we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a @entity579 mutant lacking OsGS1;1 and its background @entity164 ( @entity164 ). The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of @entity3104 compared with the @entity164 . Overaccumulation of free @entity3104 in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1;1 for @entity3104 assimilation in both organs. The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed: (i) an imbalance in levels of @entity3363 , @entity1522 and metabolites in the @entity6626 cycle, and (ii) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites, particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of @entity3104 . Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between @entity7300 and other primary metabolites in the roots. These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1;1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in @entity579 plants grown using @entity3104 as the @entity1568 source.

title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic @entity1160 synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: @entity579 plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use @entity3104 as a source of inorganic @entity1568 . @entity1160 synthetase (GS) catalyses the conversion of @entity3104 to @entity1160 . Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in @entity579 , OsGS1;1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling. However, the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of @entity1568 assimilation and @entity505 metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear. To address this issue, we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a @entity579 mutant lacking OsGS1;1 and its background @entity164 ( @entity164 ). The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of @entity3104 compared with the @entity164 . Overaccumulation of free @entity3104 in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1;1 for @entity3104 assimilation in both organs. The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed: (i) an imbalance in levels of @entity3363 , @entity1522 and metabolites in the @entity6626 cycle, and (ii) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites, particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of @entity3104 . Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between @entity7300 and other primary metabolites in the roots. These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1;1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in @entity579 plants grown using @entity3104 as the @entity1568 source.

title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic XXXX synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in @entity579 .

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity148 in older inpatients post- @entity64 . DESIGN: Longitudinal. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 inpatients with @entity64 aged 65   years or older were recruited at four centres in England. MAIN MEASURES: At phase 1 the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale were administered and then the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 4th edition (phase 2). The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was repeated a median of seven days later (phase 3). RESULTS: Internal reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was high (a   =   0.95) and test-retest reliability acceptable (  B   =   0.53). Construct validity was evident relative to the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale (  B   =   0.61). At a cut off of 6/7, sensitivity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was 0.88, specificity 0.84, with respect to the Structured Clinical Interview @entity148 diagnosis. Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale sensitivity was 0.88, specificity 0.54 at the optimum cut off of 5/6. A comparison of the areas under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristics for the two instruments indicated that the area under the curve of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was significantly larger than that of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale, supporting its superiority. CONCLUSIONS: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is an internally consistent, reliable (stable) and valid instrument with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to screen for @entity148 in older inpatients with @entity64 .

title: A study of the validity and the reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for XXXX after @entity64 in older inpatients.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity148 in older inpatients post- @entity64 . DESIGN: Longitudinal. SUBJECTS: A total of 81 inpatients with @entity64 aged 65   years or older were recruited at four centres in England. MAIN MEASURES: At phase 1 the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale were administered and then the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 4th edition (phase 2). The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was repeated a median of seven days later (phase 3). RESULTS: Internal reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was high (a   =   0.95) and test-retest reliability acceptable (  B   =   0.53). Construct validity was evident relative to the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale (  B   =   0.61). At a cut off of 6/7, sensitivity of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was 0.88, specificity 0.84, with respect to the Structured Clinical Interview @entity148 diagnosis. Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale sensitivity was 0.88, specificity 0.54 at the optimum cut off of 5/6. A comparison of the areas under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristics for the two instruments indicated that the area under the curve of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory was significantly larger than that of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale - Anxiety subscale, supporting its superiority. CONCLUSIONS: The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is an internally consistent, reliable (stable) and valid instrument with acceptable sensitivity and specificity to screen for @entity148 in older inpatients with @entity64 .

title: A study of the validity and the reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in screening for @entity148 after XXXX in older inpatients.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of thyroid hormone levels and @entity687 levels on prognosis in @entity1 undergoing congenital heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). STUDY DESIGN: The study included 41 consecutive @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ; mean age 3.4    3.1 years; range 0.3 to 12 years). The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative @entity998 ( @entity998 ). The definition of @entity998 included @entity1458 , @entity591 , @entity520 , and increased plasma @entity880 level. Plasma total (tT4) and free (fT4) @entity1955 , total (tT3) and free (fT3) @entity1954 , thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) levels were measured preoperatively and at 48 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperatively, nine @entity1 (22%) developed @entity998 . While the two groups were similar with respect to preoperative levels of thyroid hormones, @entity880 , and @entity687 , postoperative tT3 and fT3 levels were significantly lower, and @entity880 and @entity687 levels were significantly higher in the @entity998 group (p<0.05). In correlation analysis, postoperative @entity687 level showed significant correlations with CPB time (r=0.66), duration of mechanical ventilation (r=0.68), and inotropic requirement (r=0.59) (for all p<0.001). On the other hand, @entity998 was significantly correlated with the following: preoperative tT4 (r=-0.32, p=0.043) and postoperative fT3 (r=-0.44, p=0.004) levels, duration of mechanical ventilation (r=0.56, p<0.001), intensive care unit stay (r=0.45, p=0.003), and cross-clamp time (r=0.43, p=0.005). Regression analysis showed preoperative level of tT4 as the independent predictor of @entity998 (t=-2.092, p=0.045). Mortality occurred in four @entity1 (9.8%) in the early postoperative period, all of whom were in the @entity998 group. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the development of @entity998 after congenital heart surgery is associated with decreased total and free T3, and increased @entity687 levels at 48 hours, and preoperative tT4 level is an independent predictor of @entity998 .

title: [The effects of thyroid hormones and XXXX levels on prognosis after congenital heart surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output state', 'LCOS']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: Plants use different signalling pathways to acclimate to changing environmental conditions. Fast changes in the concentration of free @entity141 ions - so called @entity141 signals - are among the first responses to many stress situations. These signals are decoded by different types of @entity460 -dependent protein kinases, which - together with mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) - present two major pathways that are widely used to adapt the cellular metabolism to a changing environment. @entity141 -dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and MAPK pathways are known to be involved in signalling of abiotic and biotic stress in animal, @entity375 and plant cells. In many cases both pathways are activated in response to the same stimuli leading to the question of a potential cross-talk between those pathways. Cross-talk between @entity141 -dependent and MAPK signalling pathways has been elaborately studied in animal cells, but it has hardly been investigated in plants. Early studies of CDPKs involved in the biotic stress response in @entity286 indicated a cross-talk of CDPK and MAPK activities, whereas a recent study in @entity958 revealed that CDPKs and MAPKs act differentially in innate immune signalling and showed no direct cross-talk between CDPK and MAPK activities. Similar results were also reported for CDPK and MAPK activities in the salt stress response in @entity958 . Different modes of action are furthermore supported by the different subcellular localization of the involved kinases. In this review, we discuss recent findings on CDPK and MAPK signalling with respect to potential cross-talk and the subcellular localization of the involved components.

title: Cross-talk of XXXX -dependent protein kinase and MAP kinase signaling.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the outcome of two kinds of diameter hollow screws for the treatment of @entity2249 . METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2013, 117 @entity1 with @entity2249 were treated by closed reduction and hollow screws fixation. Among them,48 @entity1 were fixed by 6.5 mm screw including 30 males and 18 females with an average age of (45.61    11.99) years old ranging from 19 to 60 years old, involving 17 cases in Garden I/II and 31 cases in @entity3354 ; 69 @entity1 were fixed by 8.0 mm screw including 40 males and 29 females with an average age of (45.17    9.95) years old ranging from 18 to 60 years old, involving 31 cases in Garden I/II and 38 cases in @entity3354 . The general information, operative time, hospital stay time, reduction quality, diameter of femoral head and neck, @entity174 healing time, the rate of @entity174 healing, @entity260 were recorded and evaluated. Harris scoring was used to evaluate the hip joint function. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 19.6 months (18 to 24 months). The difference of operative time, duration of hospitalization, quality of reduction were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no difference between two groups about the average diameter of the femoral head and neck, the @entity174 healing time, the rate of @entity260 (P > 0.05). There were no difference between two groups about Harris scale. There were significant difference between @entity3354 and I /II (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw in treating the young adult @entity1 with @entity2249 is the first choice, both different diameters hollow screws could meet the requirements of fixation of @entity2249 , and not affect on @entity174 healing @entity260 .

title: [Comparison of different diameter hollow screw for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['Garden III/IV']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['healing and the postoperative complications', 'time and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: The effects of supplementary traditional food on pregnant @entity1 were investigated in a clinical trial in Islamshahr, a suburban area 35 km southwest of Tehran. The study comprised 53 healthy mothers who were neither addicts nor on medication and were free from @entity74 . The pregnant mothers' health was evaluated by their @entity1017 , that of lactating mothers by breast milk adequacy, and that of newborns by their weight at birth. The experimental group received traditional food ( @entity579 -milk porridge, lentils, pottage, cheese, yogurt, eggs, and milk with bread), supplying an extra 400 kcal energy and 15 g protein from the fourth month of pregnancy until childbirth. All subjects were weighed monthly. To ascertain breast milk sufficiency, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the growth trend of @entity1 were surveyed. The study showed the @entity1017 in the experimental and control groups to be 11.0 +/- 2.9 and 8.5 +/- 3 kg respectively; the difference was 29.4% and statistically significant (p < 0.02). The confounding variables (energy and protein intake, age, height, BMI, age at first pregnancy, parity, last pregnancy spacing, number of @entity1 , number of miscarriages, duration of residence in the area, family size, education, housing, occupation of the mother or her husband) did not reveal any significant differences. Maternal @entity1017 was higher in the experimental compared to the control group. Birth weights in experimental and control groups were 3.33 +/- 0.4 and 3.08 +/- 0.3 kg, respectively. This difference, which amounts to 8.1%, was statistically significant (p < 0.05). While the two groups of newborns had equal breastfeeding duration, heights and weights of newborns were significantly higher in the experimental group. This was also confirmed when compared to the NCHS figures.

title: Effect of traditional food supplementation during pregnancy on maternal XXXX and birthweight.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: @entity205 and @entity229 were used in combination to produce immunosuppression in 18 pediatric recipients of renal allografts. Ten @entity1 received cadaveric kidneys and eight received kidneys from living related donors. With a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range 7 to 33 months), the @entity1 survival rate is 100% (18 of 18) and the graft survival rate is 83% (15 of 18). Two grafts were lost for nonimmunologic reasons. Currently the group mean (+/- SE) serum @entity1011 concentration is 1.22 +/- 0.11 mg/dl and @entity1011 clearance is 69.3 +/- 4.79 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m2. @entity205 nephrotoxicity has not caused irreversible allograft injury nor led to graft loss in this population. The incidence of treated rejection episodes has been 39% (seven of 18). Only 39% (seven of 18) of @entity1 have required hospital readmissions since the initial transplant discharge. There have been no @entity1292 . In the 15 @entity1 with functioning grafts, some linear growth has occurred in 10 of 11 prepubertal and two of four postpubertal @entity1 . @entity205 and @entity229 have constituted a safe, efficacious immunosuppressive regimen for pediatric renal allograft recipients. Longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm whether these advantages persist beyond 2 years.

title: Use of XXXX in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: In most developed countries, @entity167 is a socially tolerated drug. Nevertheless, its consumption is associated with several negative side-effects during anaesthesia. In surgical @entity1 the prevalence of @entity988 exceeds 20%. @entity5882 and acute @entity988 have an important impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality and especially on anaesthetic risk, due to pharmacological interactions, pathophysiological changes and direct pharmacological interactivities between @entity167 and narcotics. Symptoms of @entity167 withdrawal are a serious and potentially life-threatening complication and should be avoided or the risk for occurrence should at least be reduced. @entity1 with a high risk of developing perioperative symptoms of @entity167 withdrawal can be detected by laboratory tests and questionnaires. The most important implication for anaesthesia is the choice of a rapid sequence induction to reduce the risk of @entity1173 and the maintenance of haemodynamic stability and liver perfusion. Maintaining body temperature and providing intensive postoperative surveillance and care are necessary. The indications for regional anaesthesia are the same as for other @entity1 (cooperativeness, coagulation, consent, etc.). In general, awareness of possible interactions can reduce perioperative complications and improve postoperative outcome.

title: [Managing anesthesia in the alcoholic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the plasma level of soluble @entity8389 (sST2) and related influencing factors, and establish its reference value in the healthy community-based population in Beijing area of China. METHODS: We measured plasma sST2 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay between March 2012 and August 2012 in 1 334 healthy subjects in communities, including 597 males and 737 females. Empiric and quantile regression methods were used to determine the reference range of plasma sST2. A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the factors that might affect the level of plasma sST2. RESULTS: Gender is the most important factor affecting the plasma level of sST2 in healthy @entity1 . Plasma level of sST2 is significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P < 0.01). Within each age strata, i.e. < 45, 45-54, 55-64, >=  65 years old, the plasma levels of sST2 were significantly higher in @entity1 than age-matched female (all P < 0.01). Age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and smoking did not affect plasma sST2 level. Reference range of sST2 was 5.7-53.5   g/L for @entity1 and 4.4-42.4   g/L for @entity1 (95% nonparametric reference interval). The one-side upper 95th percentile value of sST2 to discriminate the @entity65 from healthy state was 47.2   g/L for @entity1 and 37.2   g/L for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study established the normal reference range of plasma sST2 in healthy community-based population. The major influencing factor of sST2 level in healthy population is gender.

title: [Reference value and clinical correlates of soluble XXXX in healthy community-based Chinese population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8389 :: (6761,Gene) :: ['ST2']


abstract: @entity2259 tends to occur in @entity1 with @entity102 . We reviewed all cases of @entity5746 documented in adults at Bellevue Hospital during the years 1975-1982. Unexpectedly, the most frequent underlying disease found among bacteremic @entity1 was @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). @entity1 with @entity1252 accounted for 6 of 30 @entity2259 as compared with 13 of 2,388 non-Salmonella gram-negative @entity2259 . Salmonella was the single most frequent gram-negative isolate from the blood of @entity1252 @entity1 . All @entity1252 @entity1 with @entity5746 were bacteremic. In contrast, isolates from blood represented only 23% of all @entity5746 documented in the non- @entity1252 population. Presentation was characterized by fever (greater than 103 degrees F) and @entity490 . Four of the 6 @entity1 were @entity3630 . All were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that @entity1252 @entity1 in a municipal hospital setting are at increased risk for @entity295 . This should be considered when empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 . Eight-year experience at a municipal hospital.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['hypocomplementemic']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella infection', 'Salmonella infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['Non-endemic Salmonella bacteremia', 'Salmonella bacteremias', 'bacteremias']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Salmonella bacteremia']


abstract: @entity2259 tends to occur in @entity1 with @entity102 . We reviewed all cases of @entity5746 documented in adults at Bellevue Hospital during the years 1975-1982. Unexpectedly, the most frequent underlying disease found among bacteremic @entity1 was @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). @entity1 with @entity1252 accounted for 6 of 30 @entity2259 as compared with 13 of 2,388 non-Salmonella gram-negative @entity2259 . Salmonella was the single most frequent gram-negative isolate from the blood of @entity1252 @entity1 . All @entity1252 @entity1 with @entity5746 were bacteremic. In contrast, isolates from blood represented only 23% of all @entity5746 documented in the non- @entity1252 population. Presentation was characterized by fever (greater than 103 degrees F) and @entity490 . Four of the 6 @entity1 were @entity3630 . All were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. We conclude that @entity1252 @entity1 in a municipal hospital setting are at increased risk for @entity295 . This should be considered when empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated.

title: @entity2259 in XXXX . Eight-year experience at a municipal hospital.

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The purpose of this symposium was to bring together the disciplines of clinical neurology and metabolic investigation and to present the most up-to-date information about specific @entity209 associated with @entity302 . Understanding the etiology of @entity410 is the key to rational intervention. It is only with this insight that progress in the treatment of these @entity1 can be made. In the past, many @entity302 were described by their clinical features, without understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. In the future, it is hoped that the genetic and metabolic bases of these syndromes will be more completely defined such that reliable diagnostic and effective treatment methods are available. Most of the tests listed in Table 2 should not be performed without due consideration of the history, clinical findings, and results of prior studies. This article is intended to aid clinicians in reviewing potential metabolic diagnoses and to approaching metabolic evaluations in an economical, logical, and comprehensive manner. Although the field of @entity209 may be in its infancy, many of these disorders can be identified and treated. The task for investigators is to provide the armamentarium of diagnostic tools to clinicians to ensure that a @entity209 is not overlooked. There must be a common ground that links clinicians and basic researchers in an evolving and collaborative manner.

title: Metabolic evaluation of XXXX : summary recommendations of the Amalfi Group.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disorder', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['infantile epilepsy', 'infantile epileptic syndromes']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['infantile epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity10759 plays important roles in influencing reproduction. All key members of this axis including growth hormone (GH, gh), GH receptors (ghra and ghrb), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, @entity22819 , @entity22820 and @entity22821 ) and IGF receptors ( @entity37650 and @entity37651 ) were detected in the @entity3392 ovary. GH was exclusively expressed in the full-grown oocytes, while its receptors were detectable in both the follicle cells and oocytes. The IGFs and their receptors were all expressed in both compartments except @entity22821 , which was expressed in the follicle cells only. During folliculogenesis, there was a sharp decrease of gh expression at follicle activation; however, the expression of its receptors increased significantly. The expression profiles of @entity22819 , @entity22820 , and @entity22822 were similar to that of fshr, whereas @entity22821 expression was close to lhcgr, suggesting differential roles for different forms of IGFs in follicle development. To examine if the ovarian GH-IGF system is regulated by gonadotropins (e.g., hCG) and GH, we performed in vitro experiments using cultured @entity3392 follicle cells. The expression of @entity22819 and @entity37650 , but not others, was down-regulated by hCG (LH analog), whereas recombinant @entity3392 GH stimulated @entity22819 expression. In addition, GH also increased the expression of activin bA subunit (inhbaa). In agreement with this, the stimulatory effect of GH but not @entity22819 on oocyte maturation could be abolished by follistatin. In conclusion, the present study revealed an intrafollicular network involving GH-IGF mini-axis in the @entity3392 ovary; however, it might not work in the same way as that of the systemic @entity10759 .

title: Expression and functional characterization of intrafollicular GH-IGF system in the XXXX ovary.

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophic axis']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation are potent risk factors for suicide and are associated with general and @entity1277 -specific psychopathology. Limited research has examined the effects of combined NSSI+suicidal ideation thus concurrent examination is needed to understand potential differential effects on psychopathology. College-aged @entity1 (N=508) completed self-report measures of NSSI, suicidal ideation, general psychopathology, and Eating Disorder-specific psychopathology. MANOVAs determined whether the NSSI/SI status groups differed on general and @entity1277 pathology measures as a set. Significant MANOVAs were followed up with univariate ANOVAs and posthoc tests. Thirteen @entity1 endorsed NSSI+Suicidal Ideation, 70 endorsed NSSI-only, 25 endorsed Suicidal Ideation-only, and 400 endorsed no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation. Both general and @entity1277 -specific psychopathology differed across groups. NSSI+Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Ideation-only groups typically endorsed higher general psychopathology than the no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation and NSSI-only groups. Regarding @entity1277 pathology, the NSSI+Suicidal Ideation group was more pathological than no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation and NSSI-only, except on the weight concerns scale, where NSSI+Suicidal Ideation only differed from no NSSI/Suicidal Ideation. The NSSI+Suicidal Ideation group was only greater than Suicidal Ideation-only on measures of @entity308 and eating concern. Results highlight the importance of screening for both NSSI and suicidal ideation, especially for individuals with @entity1277 symptoms. Likewise, screening for @entity1277 pathology may be beneficial for individuals presenting with NSSI and suicidal ideation.

title: Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal ideation in relation to eating and general psychopathology among college-age XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Simple @entity99 ( @entity99 ) are relatively frequent and often asymptomatic. When symptomatic, surgery is recommended. Most @entity1 can be treated with laparoscopic deroofing. However, recurrence rate varies greatly, and there is no consensus on the optimal approach for symptomatic recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 33 @entity1 surgically treated for symptomatic simple @entity99 was performed. Recurrence was considered only when symptomatic. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were initially submitted to laparoscopic deroofing. Symptomatic recurrence was found in five @entity1 treated with laparoscopic deroofing. Specific location of the cysts was a common characteristic. In three cases, recurrence was unsuccessfully treated with open deroofing, and @entity1 were submitted to resection. Open deroofing does not offer any advantage in terms of recurrence in comparison with laparoscopic deroofing. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic deroofing can be proposed for symptomatic recurrent cysts, except for cysts located in S4, S7 and S8, where recurrence rates are higher and complete resection should be undertaken.

title: Technical challenges in treating recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['NPHC', 'non-parasitic hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['non-parasitic hepatic cysts']


abstract: The combined results of extended clinical trials conducted in two centers following successful laboratory trials are evaluated. From a population of 4,777 @entity1 who underwent open heart surgery, 205 high-risk @entity1 were selected for study. One hundred seventy @entity1 (3.6 percent) were given @entity594 in cardioplegic solution. The remaining 35 @entity1 served as control subjects and were compared with 39 treated @entity1 in the randomized subset of 74. One third of the @entity1 underwent valve replacement, one quarter underwent coronary artery bypass, and 40 percent underwent combinations of valve replacement, coronary artery bypass, and other procedures. Characteristically, the third group had a 50 percent increase in end-diastolic volumes and low cardiac indexes (1.7 +/- 0.1 liters/minute/m2). Average cross-clamp time was 77 minutes. At one center, an extracellular hyperkalemic-type solution was used to deliver an average dose of 407 +/- 22 micrograms @entity594 per @entity1 . At the other center, a low- @entity1372 hyperkalemic solution was used, and the average @entity594 dose was 476 +/- 22 micrograms. Hemodynamic studies in the randomized subset demonstrated approximately a twofold improvement in the treated group in cardiac index, @entity64 volume, @entity64 work index, and pulmonary vascular resistance following cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of acute @entity998 was 4 percent versus 11 percent in the control group. Survival for all treated @entity1 was 86 percent. It is concluded that the addition of @entity594 reduced the incidence of @entity712 in the immediate postoperative interval.

title: Use of XXXX during cardiac surgery for improved myocardial protection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute global cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output death']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Continuous infusion of @entity2176 ( @entity4609 ) and intermittent infusion of @entity2176 (IIV) are two major administration strategies in clinical settings. However, previous articles comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity4609 versus IIV showed inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity4609 and IIV. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to June 2015 were searched using the keywords ' @entity2176 ', 'intravenous', 'parenteral', 'continuous', 'intermittent', 'discontinuous', 'infusion', 'administration' and 'dosing'. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias were observed. @entity1 treated with @entity4609 had a significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity compared with @entity1 receiving IIV [risk ratio (RR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.80; P<0.001]. No significant difference in treatment failure between the two groups was detected. Mortality between @entity1 receiving @entity4609 and @entity1 receiving IIV was similar (RR=1.15, 95% CI 0.85-1.54; P=0.365). This meta-analysis showed that @entity4609 had superior safety compared with IIV, whilst the clinical efficacy was not significantly different. A further multicentre, randomised controlled trial is required to confirm these results.

title: Continuous versus intermittent infusion of XXXX in adult @entity1 : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Continuous infusion of @entity2176 ( @entity4609 ) and intermittent infusion of @entity2176 (IIV) are two major administration strategies in clinical settings. However, previous articles comparing the efficacy and safety of @entity4609 versus IIV showed inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity4609 and IIV. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to June 2015 were searched using the keywords ' @entity2176 ', 'intravenous', 'parenteral', 'continuous', 'intermittent', 'discontinuous', 'infusion', 'administration' and 'dosing'. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Neither heterogeneity nor publication bias were observed. @entity1 treated with @entity4609 had a significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity compared with @entity1 receiving IIV [risk ratio (RR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.80; P<0.001]. No significant difference in treatment failure between the two groups was detected. Mortality between @entity1 receiving @entity4609 and @entity1 receiving IIV was similar (RR=1.15, 95% CI 0.85-1.54; P=0.365). This meta-analysis showed that @entity4609 had superior safety compared with IIV, whilst the clinical efficacy was not significantly different. A further multicentre, randomised controlled trial is required to confirm these results.

title: Continuous versus intermittent infusion of @entity2176 in adult XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first cases of salvage radiotherapy (RT) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) targeted on @entity1877 positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in a local recurrent @entity263 , after a radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Four @entity1 received salvage irradiation for biochemical relapse that occurred after the initial radical prostatectomy. The relapse occurred from 10 months to 6 years with PSA levels ranging from 2.35 to 4.86   ng   ml(-1). For each @entity1 , an @entity22317 PET-CT showed a focal @entity1877 uptake in prostatic fossa, with standardized uptake value calculated on the basis of predicted lean body mass (SUL) max of 3.3-6.8. No involved lymph node or distant metastases were diagnosed. IMRT doses were of 62.7   Gy (1.9   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions), with a SIB of 69.3   Gy (2.1   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions) to a PET-guided target volume. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 were limited. We observed no @entity344 >= grade 2 and only one grade 2 genitourinary @entity137 . At 1-month follow-up evaluation, no complication and a decrease in PSA level (6.8-43.8% of the pre-therapeutic level) were reported. After 4 months, a decrease in PSA level was obtained for all the @entity1 , ranging from 30% to 70%. At a median follow-up of 15 months, PSA level was controlled for all the @entity1 , but one of them experienced a distant lymph node recurrence. CONCLUSION: Salvage irradiation to the prostate bed with SIB guided by PET-CT is feasible, with biological efficacy and no major acute @entity137 . Advances in knowledge: IMRT with PET-oriented SIB for salvage treatment of @entity263 is possible, without major acute @entity137 .

title: Intensity-modulated salvage radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for local recurrence of @entity263 : a pilot study on the place of PET- XXXX for guiding target volume delineation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first cases of salvage radiotherapy (RT) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) targeted on @entity1877 positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in a local recurrent @entity263 , after a radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Four @entity1 received salvage irradiation for biochemical relapse that occurred after the initial radical prostatectomy. The relapse occurred from 10 months to 6 years with PSA levels ranging from 2.35 to 4.86   ng   ml(-1). For each @entity1 , an @entity22317 PET-CT showed a focal @entity1877 uptake in prostatic fossa, with standardized uptake value calculated on the basis of predicted lean body mass (SUL) max of 3.3-6.8. No involved lymph node or distant metastases were diagnosed. IMRT doses were of 62.7   Gy (1.9   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions), with a SIB of 69.3   Gy (2.1   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions) to a PET-guided target volume. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 were limited. We observed no @entity344 >= grade 2 and only one grade 2 genitourinary @entity137 . At 1-month follow-up evaluation, no complication and a decrease in PSA level (6.8-43.8% of the pre-therapeutic level) were reported. After 4 months, a decrease in PSA level was obtained for all the @entity1 , ranging from 30% to 70%. At a median follow-up of 15 months, PSA level was controlled for all the @entity1 , but one of them experienced a distant lymph node recurrence. CONCLUSION: Salvage irradiation to the prostate bed with SIB guided by PET-CT is feasible, with biological efficacy and no major acute @entity137 . Advances in knowledge: IMRT with PET-oriented SIB for salvage treatment of @entity263 is possible, without major acute @entity137 .

title: Intensity-modulated salvage radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for local recurrence of XXXX : a pilot study on the place of PET- @entity1877 for guiding target volume delineation.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium, @entity8642 ), a multi-targeted antifolate with first-line activity against @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), in a second-line setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1149 were eligible for this phase II study if they had progressive disease within 3 months after first-line chemotherapy or progression while being treated with first-line chemotherapy. In 81 @entity1 studied, two cohorts of @entity1 were assigned based on whether the first-line therapy had included a @entity902 regimen. ALIMTA was administered at 500 mg/m2 by 10-min intravenous infusion once every 21 days. RESULTS: The response rate in the 79 evaluable @entity1 with poor prognostic features was 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6% to 15.1%]. The response rate in the @entity902 -pretreated group was 4.5% and 14.1% in the non- @entity902 -pretreated group. The median duration of response was 6.8 months (95% CI 3.4-7.8 months, 0% censoring). The median survival time was 5.7 months (95% CI 4.0-8.3 months, 7.6% censoring). The probability of survival for at least 6 months was estimated to be 48%. The median time to disease progression was 2 months (95% CI 1.4-2.8 months, 0% censoring). The principal @entity137 was myelosuppression, which was reversible. CONCLUSIONS: ALIMTA is active in a second-line setting in non- @entity902 -pretreated @entity1149 @entity1 progressing within 3 months of first-line chemotherapy. This study demonstrates that it is possible to evaluate new drugs against @entity1149 in a second-line setting.

title: ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium) as second-line treatment of XXXX : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Exercise therapy is a common intervention for improving postural stability. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of exercise therapy on postural instability in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) based on the available literature, and to evaluate the efficacy across various types of exercise interventions. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: In January 2015, electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PEDro) and study reference lists were searched for randomized controlled trials with moderate or high methodological quality (PEDro score >=  5), investigating the effect of exercise on postural instability in @entity1 with @entity191 . DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Three reviewers extracted data and assessed quality. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE: Postural stability as measured using the Berg Balance Scale, postural sway, Timed Up and Go, or Functional Reach test. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-two trials, with a total of 1072 @entity1 , were eligible for inclusion. The pooled estimates of effects showed @entity1344 ( @entity7126 , 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.36; P < 0.001) after exercise therapy, in comparison with no exercise or sham treatment. Exercise interventions specifically addressing components of @entity409 demonstrated the largest efficacy, with moderate to high effect sizes ( @entity7126 , 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.66; P < 0.001). Little or no beneficial effects were observed for interventions not specifically targeted at postural stability ( @entity7126 , 0.20; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.44; P = 0.11) or for home-based, multicomponent exercise programs ( @entity7126 , 0.02; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.25; P = 0.86). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Exercise therapies specifically addressing @entity409 are an important treatment option for improving postural stability in @entity1 with @entity191 . Future studies should investigate sustainability of the short-term effects and establish the dose-response relationship of balance training in @entity1 with @entity191 .Video abstract available for additional insights from the authors (see Video, @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A121).

title: Effects of Exercise Therapy on Postural Instability in XXXX : A Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['balance dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content 1']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['significantly improved postural instability']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity29 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity344 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity66 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity66 activity, disease location, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity2286 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity2286 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity66 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity14 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity1 suspected of having active @entity29 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity29 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for XXXX activity in @entity29 : A diagnostic cohort study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, ileocolonic, and ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['endoscopic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity29 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity344 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity66 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity66 activity, disease location, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity2286 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity2286 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity66 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity14 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity1 suspected of having active @entity29 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity29 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for @entity66 activity in XXXX : A diagnostic cohort study.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity299 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity64 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity2 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity1 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity1 , not being seen in @entity1 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity2 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity3617 was seen in @entity1 , but not @entity1 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity299 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity1 and a lower risk in younger @entity1 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity66 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity2 and chronic @entity3617 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of XXXX , chronic @entity3617 , @entity299 , and @entity64 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['incipient disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Risk of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'Heart disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity299 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity64 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity2 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity1 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity1 , not being seen in @entity1 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity2 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity3617 was seen in @entity1 , but not @entity1 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity299 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity1 and a lower risk in younger @entity1 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity66 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity2 and chronic @entity3617 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity299 , and XXXX in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity299 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity64 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity2 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity1 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity1 , not being seen in @entity1 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity2 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity3617 was seen in @entity1 , but not @entity1 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity299 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity1 and a lower risk in younger @entity1 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity66 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity2 and chronic @entity3617 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , XXXX , and @entity64 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: In a case control study of over 12 000 inpatients aged 35-74, risk of @entity2 , chronic @entity3617 , and, particularly in those aged 35-54, @entity299 was positively associated with the number of manufactured cigarettes smoked daily and was negatively associated with long term giving up. Risk of @entity64 was not clearly related to smoking. Among manufactured cigarette smokers, @entity2 risk tended to be lowest in those who had always smoked filter cigarettes. This pattern was, however, evident only in @entity1 who additionally smoked pipes, cigars or handrolled cigarettes and in @entity1 , not being seen in @entity1 who smoked only manufactured cigarettes. @entity2 was not clearly related to time of switch to filter cigarettes. A markedly lower risk of chronic @entity3617 was seen in @entity1 , but not @entity1 , who smoked filter rather than plain cigarettes. @entity299 risk did not vary by type of cigarette smoked 10 years before admission, but, compared with those who had never smoked filter cigarettes, those who had ever smoked filter cigarettes had a higher risk in @entity1 and a lower risk in younger @entity1 . Compared with the general population, markedly more controls were ex-smokers, suggesting @entity66 , whether or not smoking related, may alter smoking habits, thus affecting the interpretability of the findings. Control smokers were also relatively much more likely to report smoking plain cigarettes than expected. This comparison, not made in other studies relating risk to type of cigarette smoked, indicates that great care must be taken in verifying validity of reported smoking habits. While our findings are compatible with other evidence that risk of @entity2 and chronic @entity3617 is probably reduced by switching from plain to filter cigarettes, they underline the difficulties in obtaining valid evidence from epidemiological studies.

title: Risks of @entity2 , chronic XXXX , @entity299 , and @entity64 in relation to type of cigarette smoked.

answer: @entity3617 :: (MESH:D001991,Disease) :: ['bronchitis']


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3375 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity5 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3375 and @entity12943 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity12943 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity5 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity12943 and 17 genes in @entity5 , while in @entity5 only @entity12943 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity5 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity5 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity12943 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity12943 protein in the @entity5 cells and stroma of @entity1558 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity12943 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: @entity12943 and XXXX gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast diseases']

answer: @entity3375 :: (6868,Gene) :: ['ADAM17']


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3375 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity5 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3375 and @entity12943 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity12943 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity5 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity12943 and 17 genes in @entity5 , while in @entity5 only @entity12943 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity5 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity5 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity12943 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity12943 protein in the @entity5 cells and stroma of @entity1558 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity12943 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: @entity12943 and @entity3375 gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease)12 and @entity3375 are multidomain transmembrane proteins involved in ectodomain shedding of cytokines, growth factors and adhesion molecules, with pivotal activities in the @entity5 microenvironment. The aim of this study was to confirm the up-regulation of @entity3375 and @entity12943 gene splicing variants in @entity0 and to delineate their expression between laser-capture microdissected (LCM) and non-microdissected @entity0 . The gene expression was analyzed by quantitative-reverse transcription-PCR in a total sample of 109 @entity0 paired with corresponding non-neoplastic breast tissues. @entity12943 and 17 proteins expression for corresponding tissue samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. ADAM12S, 12L and 17 genes were significantly up-regulated in either malign or benign LCM samples when compared to non- @entity5 controls. For non-LCM samples, it was obtained also an increased expression for @entity12943 and 17 genes in @entity5 , while in @entity5 only @entity12943 variants were significantly up-regulated compared to controls. When benign versus malignant @entity5 were compared, in LCM samples all investigated genes displayed a higher expression in @entity5 , whereas in non-LCM, @entity12943 variants were overexpressed in benign samples. The increased expression of @entity12943 protein in the @entity5 cells and stroma of @entity1558 was immunohistochemically confirmed. These differences between LCM and non-LCM samples were explained by the contribution of the stroma to the expression of this marker. This study underlines the accuracy conferred by homogenous LCM samples on gene expression profiles and confers further evidence regarding the role of @entity12943 and 17 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression.

title: XXXX and @entity3375 gene expression in laser-capture microdissected and non-microdissected @entity0 .

answer: @entity12943 :: (8038,Gene) :: ['ADAM12']