abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuing comprehensive assessment of population health gap is essential for effective health planning. This paper assessed changes in the magnitude and pattern of disease burden in Thailand between 1999 and 2004. It further drew lessons learned from applying the global @entity66 (GBD) methods to the Thai context for other developing country settings. METHODS: Multiple sources of mortality and morbidity data for both years were assessed and used to estimate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) loss for 110 specific diseases and conditions relevant to the country's health problems. Causes of @entity204 from national vital registration were adjusted for misclassification from a verbal autopsy study. RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2004, DALYs loss per 1,000 population in 2004 slightly decreased in @entity1 but a minor increase in @entity1 was observed. @entity645 / @entity791 maintained the highest burden for @entity1 in both 1999 and 2004 while in 2004, @entity64 took over the 1999 first rank of @entity645 / @entity791 in @entity1 . Among the top twenty diseases, there was a slight increase of the proportion of non-communicable diseases and two out of three infectious diseases revealed a decrease burden except for lower @entity1729 . CONCLUSION: The study highlights unique pattern of disease burden in Thailand whereby epidemiological transition have occurred as non-communicable diseases were on the rise but burden from @entity645 / @entity791 resulting from the epidemic in the 1990s remains high and injuries show negligent change. Lessons point that assessing DALY over time critically requires continuing improvement in data sources particularly on cause of @entity204 statistics, institutional capacity and long term commitments.

title: XXXX in Thailand: changes in health gap between 1999 and 2004.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Burden of disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and XXXX versus @entity7765 and @entity7324 and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and @entity7324 and XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and @entity7324 and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and XXXX and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and @entity7324 and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and XXXX and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus XXXX and @entity7324 and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity7765 :: (MESH:C027260,Chemical) :: ['pirarubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing XXXX and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and @entity7324 and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Excitatory @entity535 transporters (EAAT) transport @entity2227 into cells to regulate @entity2227 neurotransmission and to maintain nontoxic extracellular @entity2227 levels for neurons. We showed previously that the commonly used volatile anesthetic @entity5161 increases the transporting activity of @entity17383 , the major neuronal EAAT. This effect requires a protein kinase C (PKC) a-mediated and S465-dependent @entity17383 redistribution to the plasma membrane. Thus, we hypothesize that specific peptides can be designed to block this effect. We conjugated a 10- @entity535 synthetic peptide with a sequence identical to that of @entity17383 around the S465 to a peptide that can facilitate permeation of the plasma membrane. This fusion peptide inhibited the @entity5161 -increased @entity17383 activity and redistribution to the plasma membrane in C6 cells and hippocampus. It did not affect the basal @entity17383 activity. This peptide also attenuated @entity5161 -induced increase of @entity10185 in the immunoprecipitates produced by an anti- @entity17383 antibody. A scrambled peptide that has the same @entity535 composition as the S465 sequence-specific peptide but has a random sequence did not change the effects of @entity5161 on @entity17383 . The S465 sequence-specific peptide, but not the scrambled peptide, is a good @entity10185 substrate in in vitro assay. These peptides did not affect cell viability. These results, along with our previous findings, strongly suggest that @entity10185 interacts with @entity17383 to regulate its functions. The S465 sequence-specific peptide may interrupt this interaction and is an effective inhibitor for the regulation of @entity17383 activity and trafficking by @entity10185 and @entity5161 .

title: Inhibition of @entity5161 -induced increase of cell-surface redistribution and activity of XXXX transporter type 3 by serine 465 sequence-specific peptides.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Excitatory @entity535 transporters (EAAT) transport @entity2227 into cells to regulate @entity2227 neurotransmission and to maintain nontoxic extracellular @entity2227 levels for neurons. We showed previously that the commonly used volatile anesthetic @entity5161 increases the transporting activity of @entity17383 , the major neuronal EAAT. This effect requires a protein kinase C (PKC) a-mediated and S465-dependent @entity17383 redistribution to the plasma membrane. Thus, we hypothesize that specific peptides can be designed to block this effect. We conjugated a 10- @entity535 synthetic peptide with a sequence identical to that of @entity17383 around the S465 to a peptide that can facilitate permeation of the plasma membrane. This fusion peptide inhibited the @entity5161 -increased @entity17383 activity and redistribution to the plasma membrane in C6 cells and hippocampus. It did not affect the basal @entity17383 activity. This peptide also attenuated @entity5161 -induced increase of @entity10185 in the immunoprecipitates produced by an anti- @entity17383 antibody. A scrambled peptide that has the same @entity535 composition as the S465 sequence-specific peptide but has a random sequence did not change the effects of @entity5161 on @entity17383 . The S465 sequence-specific peptide, but not the scrambled peptide, is a good @entity10185 substrate in in vitro assay. These peptides did not affect cell viability. These results, along with our previous findings, strongly suggest that @entity10185 interacts with @entity17383 to regulate its functions. The S465 sequence-specific peptide may interrupt this interaction and is an effective inhibitor for the regulation of @entity17383 activity and trafficking by @entity10185 and @entity5161 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX -induced increase of cell-surface redistribution and activity of @entity2227 transporter type 3 by serine 465 sequence-specific peptides.

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: @entity172 provide the major hormonal support for endocrine-dependent @entity1 mammary @entity5 . In postmenopausal @entity1 , the extraglandular aromatization of the adrenal prehormone, @entity2671 to @entity1815 is the major pathway for @entity172 biosynthesis. @entity1815 can then be converted into @entity53 or into an inactive conjugate, @entity19517 . Recent data suggest that the @entity172 may also be synthesized in situ by @entity1 @entity0 , either from @entity2671 via aromatase, or from @entity19517 via the enzyme, @entity18056 . Our enzyme kinetic studies support the predominance of the @entity18056 pathway for in situ @entity172 biosynthesis. The ability of @entity19517 to stimulate colony formation of the @entity7044 -induced @entity35 mammary @entity5 in the clonogenic assay, suggests that this in situ pathway has biologic relevance. Aromatase inhibitors can be used to suppress the levels of circulating @entity1815 , @entity19517 , and @entity53 in postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity6239 , the major inhibitor currently used clinically, acts in a competitive fashion and blocks @entity165 side chain cleavage and 11 beta-hydroxylase as well as aromatase. Clinical studies indicate that the combination of @entity6239 plus replacement glucocorticoid causes @entity0 regression with the same frequency and for the same duration as surgical ablative therapies such as adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. @entity6239 also induces a similar rate of @entity5 regression as achieved with the antiestrogen, @entity440 . However, because @entity440 is associated with fewer side effects, this antiestrogen is to be preferred over use of @entity6239 as first-line hormonal treatment for @entity1 with @entity0 . Several specific suicide inhibitors of @entity6239 such as @entity19836 are being developed and have proven effective in early clinical trials with @entity0 @entity1 . Further development of active aromatase inhibitors should allow precise control of @entity53 levels in @entity1 with @entity0 . This ability to perform an ' @entity172 clamp' may allow new strategies to be developed in which hormone depletion followed by repletion can produce a synchronization of @entity5 cell DNA synthesis. If achievable, such manipulations may allow potentiation of the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. This latter concept is currently being rigorously tested in basic and in clinical investigative studies.

title: Aromatase inhibitors for treatment of XXXX : current concepts and new perspectives.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens', 'estrogen', 'Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglutethimide', 'aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity19836 :: ('MESH:C014594', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity1815 :: ('MESH:D004970', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone', 'Estrone']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosomethylurea']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In a period from 1982-2002 we noticed five dead among Croatian male physicians aged 34 to 67, during or after recreational physical exercise: swimming, soccer, tennis and jogging. Three of them who were autopsied, have been non-smokers and without previous symptoms. In all @entity301 was found. The left descending anterior artery was stenotic in one and occluded in two, with @entity296 in one. An @entity583 was found in none of them, and in two-left @entity123 15 and 18 mm. We could not find a recent medical record in those physicians including a clinical finding and other findings. Two physicians who were not been autopsied, had possible an @entity167 @entity296 . Both of them were smokers. In Croatia about 7% of the whole population are engaged in recreational physical exercise. In a period of twenty years (1982-2002) we noticed 43 sudden and unexpected deaths during or immediately after physical exercise: it reached 43/6,300,000 @entity944 in Croatia in twenty years or 2.15/315,000 yearly among @entity1 engaged in physical exercise. In Croatia there are 4,957 male physicians-specialists, and a rate of @entity1164 during or immediately after physical exercise in this group reached 5/99,140 in 20 years or 1/19,828 every four years. A medical check up before recreational physical exercise is essential including a clinical examination, a serum concentration of risk factors and other risk factors, an electrocardiogram at rest, a stress test and echocardiography in clinical indication, as are medical controls over @entity1 taking exercise. This study shows that medical evaluation is important because of the underlying problems such as @entity944 during exercise. In non-trained @entity1 and in the elderly a physical exercise should be recommended of a gradually intensity, which could not exceed 6 METs.

title: XXXX due to recreational exercise in physicians.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial scars']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: The field of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis for the treatment of acute @entity385 is rapidly advancing. Limitations of existing thrombolytic agents have prompted the development of new thrombolytic agents over the last decade. These new agents are broadly classified as third generation thrombolytics. Two of the several third generation thrombolytic agents have been investigated for the treatment of acute @entity385 and include tenecteplase (Genentech Inc) and reteplase (Roche Holding AG). By virtue of structural modifications, third generation thrombolytics have longer half-lives and greater penetration into the thrombus matrix. Tenecteplase has been evaluated in experimental models of @entity385 . These experimental studies have observed faster and more complete recanalization of occluded arteries compared with second-generation thrombolytics. The first prospective @entity1 clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial reteplase in 16 @entity1 with @entity385 who were poor candidates for intravenous alteplase therapy. Near complete or complete recanalization was observed after treatment in 88% of the @entity1 . The development and use of third generation thrombolytics is expected to increase the rate of recanalization and clinical recovery in @entity1 with @entity385 . Clinical trials are required to determine the appropriate dose and @entity1 selection for these emerging pharmacological agents.

title: Third generation thrombolytics for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Austria, @entity284 , @entity4783 as well as oral slow-release @entity1286 are used for the treatment of @entity4784 . This controlled examination marks the first time that oral slow-release @entity33483 is applied for maintenance therapy in opioid dependent subjects. METHODS: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this psychopharmacological medication, we examined @entity1 over a three-week period. Outcome measures were retention rate, additional consumption and the evaluation of opioid withdrawal 24 hours after the last oral medication. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were included; sixty-four @entity1 completed the study, representing a retention rate of 94%. During the three-week period, a significant improvement in well-being and a significant reduction in @entity4521 , @entity2072 and @entity1245 craving (p < 0.0001) was evaluated. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of additional consumption of @entity1245 in supervised urinalysis. Additional consumption of @entity2072 remained unchanged. Laboratory results showed a significant reduction of CK over the course of investigation. DISCUSSION: The high retention rate of 94% implies a good acceptance and efficacy of the substance. The reduced CK is consistent with a reduction in intravenous application of illegal substances. However, randomized double-blind, double-dummy studies with oral slow-release @entity1286 are needed in order to meet criteria for evidence based medicine.

title: [Slow-release XXXX for maintenance therapy of @entity4784 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity33483 :: (CHEBI:55340,Chemical) :: ['morphine hydrochloride']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Austria, @entity284 , @entity4783 as well as oral slow-release @entity1286 are used for the treatment of @entity4784 . This controlled examination marks the first time that oral slow-release @entity33483 is applied for maintenance therapy in opioid dependent subjects. METHODS: In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this psychopharmacological medication, we examined @entity1 over a three-week period. Outcome measures were retention rate, additional consumption and the evaluation of opioid withdrawal 24 hours after the last oral medication. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were included; sixty-four @entity1 completed the study, representing a retention rate of 94%. During the three-week period, a significant improvement in well-being and a significant reduction in @entity4521 , @entity2072 and @entity1245 craving (p < 0.0001) was evaluated. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of additional consumption of @entity1245 in supervised urinalysis. Additional consumption of @entity2072 remained unchanged. Laboratory results showed a significant reduction of CK over the course of investigation. DISCUSSION: The high retention rate of 94% implies a good acceptance and efficacy of the substance. The reduced CK is consistent with a reduction in intravenous application of illegal substances. However, randomized double-blind, double-dummy studies with oral slow-release @entity1286 are needed in order to meet criteria for evidence based medicine.

title: [Slow-release @entity33483 for maintenance therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid dependence']


abstract: Parelaphostrongylosis has a rapid onset and is lethal in neonatal moose (Alces alces) when large numbers of third-stage Parelaphostrongylus tenuis larvae (L3) are given experimentally. Little is known, however, about the severity and prognosis of @entity281 acquired naturally by accidentally ingesting terrestrial gastropods which are rarely infected and have few larvae. To investigate the relationship between infecting dose, age of moose, and severity of disease, five @entity291 were given low doses of three to 10 L3 when five (n = 2) or 9.5 mo old (n = 3). Each of two animals initially given low doses were later challenged with a dose of 15 L3. As positive controls, two @entity291 were given doses of 15 and 30 L3, considered to be high. All five @entity291 given low doses showed abnormal locomotory signs at 20-28 days postinoculation (DPI) that progressively became more pronounced with hind @entity425 and @entity1273 . However, after 77-130 DPI, signs diminished markedly in two of these animals and disappeared in another two. Challenge @entity281 of 15 L3 given 199 days after @entity281 had no noticeable effects although an immature worm, probably resulting from the challenge, was found in the spinal cord of one animal killed 51 days later. Two positive control animals given the high doses of 15 and 30 L3 showed moderate to severe, non-resolving, locomotory signs and had to be euthanized. Results demonstrate that single, low doses of three to 10 P. tenuis L3 cause moderate disease in moose @entity291 but over time, some worms die and animals can recover. A degree of protection may develop against @entity281 .

title: Low-dose meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) XXXX in moose (Alces alces).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initial infections', 'future infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['front lameness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['quarter weakness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Early and accurate risk prediction of walking limitations after @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is important for clinical and economic reasons. However, to our knowledge, no studies have systematically integrated multiple predictors into a single, clinically practical model. Our study aimed to develop a prediction model to estimate the risk of post- @entity348 walking limitations. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of 1096 @entity1 who underwent elective, primary @entity348 between July 2013 and September 2014. Candidate predictors included @entity1 demographics, surgical factors, and pre- and early (1-mo) post- @entity348 functional measures. The outcome of interest was self-reported walking limitations at 6 months of post- @entity348 . We used multivariable proportional odds regression with bootstrap internal validation to develop the model. RESULTS: In all, 12% of @entity1 reported walking limitations (maximum walk time  <= 15 min) at 6 months postsurgery. The main predictors of increasing levels of walking limitations were preoperative walking limitations (overall p < 0.001), higher levels of body mass index [interquartile range (IQR)-OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.5], lower values of 1-month post- @entity348 gait speed (IQR-OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.6), the presence of contralateral knee @entity158 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.0), and the use of a quadstick preoperatively (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.7-7.3). The prediction model had an optimism-corrected concordance index of 0.71. CONCLUSION: A small but sizable proportion of @entity1 with @entity348 had persistent mobility limitations. Our prediction model may help to risk-stratify @entity1 , and external validation is required before the model can be used in clinical practice.

title: Development of a Prediction Model to Estimate the Risk of Walking Limitations in XXXX with Total Knee Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 108 @entity1 who received @entity2890 or @entity4509 could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum @entity1011 and @entity4028 levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and 13 (26%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). Using serum @entity1011 as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and in 7 (14%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). The whole group of 108 @entity1 was used to compare the usefulness of serum @entity1011 levels versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 . An elevation of serum @entity1011 was detected in 10 of 108 @entity1 (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 @entity1 the @entity2262 remained normal, suggesting a functional @entity177 . In 21 of the 108 @entity1 (19.4%) the @entity2262 increased while the serum @entity1011 remained normal, suggesting an @entity4028 nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum @entity1011 had been measured. In the remaining @entity1 (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum @entity1011 and urinary concentration of @entity2262 both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Urinary @entity2262 is more sensitive than serum @entity1011 and furthermore it allows one to differentiate @entity4028 nephrotoxicity from functional @entity177 .

title: @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Value of serum XXXX versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 .

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2m', 'beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: 108 @entity1 who received @entity2890 or @entity4509 could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum @entity1011 and @entity4028 levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and 13 (26%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). Using serum @entity1011 as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and in 7 (14%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). The whole group of 108 @entity1 was used to compare the usefulness of serum @entity1011 levels versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 . An elevation of serum @entity1011 was detected in 10 of 108 @entity1 (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 @entity1 the @entity2262 remained normal, suggesting a functional @entity177 . In 21 of the 108 @entity1 (19.4%) the @entity2262 increased while the serum @entity1011 remained normal, suggesting an @entity4028 nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum @entity1011 had been measured. In the remaining @entity1 (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum @entity1011 and urinary concentration of @entity2262 both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Urinary @entity2262 is more sensitive than serum @entity1011 and furthermore it allows one to differentiate @entity4028 nephrotoxicity from functional @entity177 .

title: @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Value of serum @entity1011 versus urinary concentration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']


abstract: 108 @entity1 who received @entity2890 or @entity4509 could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum @entity1011 and @entity4028 levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and 13 (26%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). Using serum @entity1011 as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and in 7 (14%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). The whole group of 108 @entity1 was used to compare the usefulness of serum @entity1011 levels versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 . An elevation of serum @entity1011 was detected in 10 of 108 @entity1 (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 @entity1 the @entity2262 remained normal, suggesting a functional @entity177 . In 21 of the 108 @entity1 (19.4%) the @entity2262 increased while the serum @entity1011 remained normal, suggesting an @entity4028 nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum @entity1011 had been measured. In the remaining @entity1 (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum @entity1011 and urinary concentration of @entity2262 both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Urinary @entity2262 is more sensitive than serum @entity1011 and furthermore it allows one to differentiate @entity4028 nephrotoxicity from functional @entity177 .

title: @entity2890 and XXXX nephrotoxicity. Value of serum @entity1011 versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 .

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: 108 @entity1 who received @entity2890 or @entity4509 could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum @entity1011 and @entity4028 levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and 13 (26%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). Using serum @entity1011 as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and in 7 (14%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). The whole group of 108 @entity1 was used to compare the usefulness of serum @entity1011 levels versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 . An elevation of serum @entity1011 was detected in 10 of 108 @entity1 (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 @entity1 the @entity2262 remained normal, suggesting a functional @entity177 . In 21 of the 108 @entity1 (19.4%) the @entity2262 increased while the serum @entity1011 remained normal, suggesting an @entity4028 nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum @entity1011 had been measured. In the remaining @entity1 (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum @entity1011 and urinary concentration of @entity2262 both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Urinary @entity2262 is more sensitive than serum @entity1011 and furthermore it allows one to differentiate @entity4028 nephrotoxicity from functional @entity177 .

title: XXXX and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Value of serum @entity1011 versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 .

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['Tobramycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity704 is a rare but lethal @entity5 . The optimal treatment for advanced @entity704 is not yet established. This report is the first known of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (sabr) with CyberKnife (Accuray, Sunnyvale, CA, U.S.A.) as definitive therapy for @entity704 . The @entity1 , a 70-year-old @entity1 with @entity704 , invasion into neighboring organs, and pleural metastases-underwent CyberKnife sabr at 40 Gy in 5 fractions for two lesions, one in the thymus and one in the right paraspinal pleura. After 61 months of observation, a partial response was observed in the irradiated fields. However, disease progression in the non-irradiated pleura was noted. The @entity1 underwent salvage CyberKnife sabr for the four initially nonirradiated @entity456 . Computed tomography images obtained 10 months after the salvage therapy revealed a partial response. The @entity1 is living, with progression-free irradiated lesions and no radiation-related @entity137 . CyberKnife sabr is feasible for @entity1 who are unable to undergo either surgery or conventionally fractionated radiation therapy.

title: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy with CyberKnife for advanced XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'Thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural lesions']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymic carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity286 smoke air pollution (TSAP) measurement may persuade parents to adopt smoke-free homes and thereby reduce harm to @entity1 from @entity286 smoke in the home. In a pilot study involving 29 smoking families, a Sidepak was used to continuously monitor home PM2.5 during an 8-h period, Sidepak and/or Dylos monitors provided real-time feedback, and passive @entity1239 monitors were used to measure home air @entity1239 for one week. Feedback was provided to @entity1 in the context of motivational interviews. Home PM2.5 levels recorded by continuous monitoring were not well-accepted by @entity1 because of the noise level. Also, graphs from continuous monitoring showed unexplained peaks, often associated with sources unrelated to indoor smoking, such as cooking, construction, or outdoor sources. This hampered delivery of a persuasive message about the relationship between home smoking and TSAP. By contrast, immediate real-time PM2.5 feedback (with Sidepak or Dylos monitor) was feasible and provided unambiguous information; the Dylos had the additional advantages of being more economical and quieter. Air @entity1239 sampling was complicated by the time-lag for feedback and questions regarding shelf-life. Improvement in the science of TSAP measurement in the home environment is needed to encourage and help maintain smoke-free homes and protect vulnerable @entity1 . Recent advances in the use of mobile devices for real-time feedback are promising and warrant further development, as do accurate methods for real-time air @entity1239 air monitoring.

title: Feasibility of Measuring XXXX Smoke Air Pollution in Homes: Report from a Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The liver has a remarkable regeneration capacity, and, after surgical removal of its mass, the remaining tissue undergoes rapid regeneration through compensatory growth of its constituent cells. Although hepatocytes synchronously proliferate under the control of various signaling molecules from neighboring cells, there have been few detailed analyses on how biliary cells regenerate for their cell population after liver resection. The present study was undertaken to clarify how biliary cells regenerate after partial hepatectomy of @entity19 through extensive analyses of their cell cycle progression and gene expression using immunohistochemical and RT-PCR techniques. When expression of @entity4698 , @entity14160 antigen, topoisomerase @entity25036 and phosphorylated histone H3, which are cell cycle markers, was immunohistochemically examined during liver regeneration, hepatocytes had a peak of the S phase and M phase at 48-72 h after resection. By contrast, biliary epithelial cells had much lower proliferative activity than that of hepatocytes, and their peak of the S phase was delayed. Mitotic figures were rarely detectable in biliary cells. RT-PCR analyses of gene expression of biliary markers such as @entity1189 (osteopontin), @entity27947 and @entity67743 demonstrated that they were upregulated during liver regeneration. Periportal hepatocytes expressed some of biliary markers, including @entity1189 mRNA and protein. Some periportal hepatocytes had downregulated expression of @entity16525 and @entity22437 . Gene expression of Notch signaling molecules responsible for cell fate decision of hepatoblasts to biliary cells during development was upregulated during liver regeneration. Notch signaling may be involved in biliary regeneration.

title: Immunohistochemical analyses of cell cycle progression and gene expression of biliary epithelial cells during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy of the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Exposure of male and female @entity1707 to elevated ambient temperatures can result in reduced reproductive efficiency. When boars and gilts are exposed to heat stress, respiratory rates increase to enhance evaporative cooling because minimal sweating occurs. During early pregnancy, gilts are especially susceptible to heat stress. Decreased conception rates and reduced litter size occur when gilts are exposed to elevated ambient temperature during Days 0 to 16 after mating. Concentrations of @entity1420 in peripheral plasma were reduced during Days 13-19 after mating and luteal function was extended to Day 25 in heat-stressed gilts that did not conceive. Increased concentrations of @entity53 during Day 10 to 12 of heat stress may interfere with normal maternal recognition of pregnancy. Heat stress reduced the amount of embryonic tissue present at Day 16 of pregnancy but the protein synthetic activity of the tissue was not altered. Thus some embryos may be lost and a reduction in litter size may occur. The production of @entity2931 by the conceptus and uterus is not altered on Day 16, after exposure to heat stress for the previous 8 days. These studies suggest that heat stress during early pregnancy can alter the reproductive endocrine system, especially the control of luteal function. In addition, heat stress may have a direct effect on embryo or conceptus development. Exposure of boars to elevated ambient temperatures causes reductions in semen quality, sperm output and fertility. About 5 weeks are required for boars to recover from the detrimental effects of heat stress and to produce semen with potential for maximal fertility. Increased temperature has an inhibitory effect on spermatid maturation and on testicular @entity342 biosynthesis. Improvements in reproductive performance can be achieved by increasing evaporative cooling of boars.

title: Influence of environmental temperature on prolificacy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nearly 30% of @entity1 with @entity302 continue to have @entity410 in spite of using several antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens. Such @entity1 are regarded as having refractory, or uncontrolled, @entity302 . No definition of uncontrolled, or medically refractory, @entity302 has been universally accepted, but for the purposes of this review, we will consider @entity410 as drug resistant if they have failed to respond to a minimum of two AEDs. It is believed that early surgical intervention may prevent @entity410 at a younger age, which, in turn, may improve the intellectual and social status of @entity1 . Many types of surgery are available for treatment of @entity302 ; one such procedure is known as subpial transection. OBJECTIVES: To determine the benefits and adverse effects of subpial transection for partial-onset @entity410 and generalised @entity410 in @entity1 and adults. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialised Register (29 June 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; May 2015, Issue 5) and MEDLINE (1946 to 29 June 2015). We imposed no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered all randomised and quasi-randomised parallel-group studies, whether blinded or non-blinded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors (BK and SR) independently screened trials identified by the search. The same two review authors planned to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. When studies were identified for inclusion, one review author would have extracted the data, and the other would have verified the data. MAIN RESULTS: We found no relevant studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support or refute use of subpial transection surgery for @entity1 with medically @entity302 . Well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to guide clinical practice.

title: Subpial transection surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Ninety-four per cent of 169 @entity1 with @entity6197 developed @entity417 (haematocrit less than 35 per cent) and 30 per cent required blood transfusion to maintain the haematocrit at more than 21 per cent. @entity417 was at its worst on admission in 58 @entity1 (34 per cent); in the rest the haematocrit fell further, reaching its nadir one to 17 days later (mean 2.3 days). The mean lowest haematocrit was 24.3 +/- 7.2 per cent (+/- 1 SD) and the mean maximum fall was 7.9 +/- 5.6 per cent. @entity417 was more severe in @entity1 with @entity2348 , @entity5861 , schizontaemia and in pregnancy. The lowest haematocrit correlated with admission parasitaemia (r = -0.33, p less than 0.001), total serum @entity648 (r = -0.25, p less than 0.01) and serum @entity1011 (r = -0.22, p less than 0.01). In 23 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 the mean serum @entity68 on admission was 53 micrograms/dl (range 16-157) and the mean serum ferritin 1773 ng/ml (range 170-10 000). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) rise in serum @entity68 96 h after starting antimalarial treatment; the serum ferritin declined slowly over several weeks. Stainable @entity68 was present in all marrows examined and in eight @entity1 the characteristic pattern of the @entity417 of @entity102 was seen. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 had @entity11407 which was moderate to gross in 36 per cent. @entity11407 and erythrophagocytosis were often present on admission but sometimes appeared after the parasitaemia had cleared and persisted for at least three weeks into convalescence. These disturbances in @entity68 metabolism and haemopoiesis are not completely explicable by red blood cell parasitisation. They may contribute more to the @entity417 than has previously been recognised.

title: The importance of @entity417 in cerebral and uncomplicated XXXX : role of complications, @entity11407 and @entity68 sequestration.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorders']

entities_list: @entity9231 :: ('MESH:D016778', 'Disease') :: ['falciparum malaria']

entities_list: @entity11407 :: ('MESH:C566368', 'Disease') :: ['Dyserythropoiesis', 'dyserythropoiesis']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['retinal haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9231 :: (MESH:D016778,Disease) :: ['falciparum malaria']


abstract: Ninety-four per cent of 169 @entity1 with @entity6197 developed @entity417 (haematocrit less than 35 per cent) and 30 per cent required blood transfusion to maintain the haematocrit at more than 21 per cent. @entity417 was at its worst on admission in 58 @entity1 (34 per cent); in the rest the haematocrit fell further, reaching its nadir one to 17 days later (mean 2.3 days). The mean lowest haematocrit was 24.3 +/- 7.2 per cent (+/- 1 SD) and the mean maximum fall was 7.9 +/- 5.6 per cent. @entity417 was more severe in @entity1 with @entity2348 , @entity5861 , schizontaemia and in pregnancy. The lowest haematocrit correlated with admission parasitaemia (r = -0.33, p less than 0.001), total serum @entity648 (r = -0.25, p less than 0.01) and serum @entity1011 (r = -0.22, p less than 0.01). In 23 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 the mean serum @entity68 on admission was 53 micrograms/dl (range 16-157) and the mean serum ferritin 1773 ng/ml (range 170-10 000). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) rise in serum @entity68 96 h after starting antimalarial treatment; the serum ferritin declined slowly over several weeks. Stainable @entity68 was present in all marrows examined and in eight @entity1 the characteristic pattern of the @entity417 of @entity102 was seen. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 had @entity11407 which was moderate to gross in 36 per cent. @entity11407 and erythrophagocytosis were often present on admission but sometimes appeared after the parasitaemia had cleared and persisted for at least three weeks into convalescence. These disturbances in @entity68 metabolism and haemopoiesis are not completely explicable by red blood cell parasitisation. They may contribute more to the @entity417 than has previously been recognised.

title: The importance of @entity417 in cerebral and uncomplicated @entity9231 : role of complications, XXXX and @entity68 sequestration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity11407 :: (MESH:C566368,Disease) :: ['dyserythropoiesis']


abstract: Ninety-four per cent of 169 @entity1 with @entity6197 developed @entity417 (haematocrit less than 35 per cent) and 30 per cent required blood transfusion to maintain the haematocrit at more than 21 per cent. @entity417 was at its worst on admission in 58 @entity1 (34 per cent); in the rest the haematocrit fell further, reaching its nadir one to 17 days later (mean 2.3 days). The mean lowest haematocrit was 24.3 +/- 7.2 per cent (+/- 1 SD) and the mean maximum fall was 7.9 +/- 5.6 per cent. @entity417 was more severe in @entity1 with @entity2348 , @entity5861 , schizontaemia and in pregnancy. The lowest haematocrit correlated with admission parasitaemia (r = -0.33, p less than 0.001), total serum @entity648 (r = -0.25, p less than 0.01) and serum @entity1011 (r = -0.22, p less than 0.01). In 23 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 the mean serum @entity68 on admission was 53 micrograms/dl (range 16-157) and the mean serum ferritin 1773 ng/ml (range 170-10 000). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) rise in serum @entity68 96 h after starting antimalarial treatment; the serum ferritin declined slowly over several weeks. Stainable @entity68 was present in all marrows examined and in eight @entity1 the characteristic pattern of the @entity417 of @entity102 was seen. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 had @entity11407 which was moderate to gross in 36 per cent. @entity11407 and erythrophagocytosis were often present on admission but sometimes appeared after the parasitaemia had cleared and persisted for at least three weeks into convalescence. These disturbances in @entity68 metabolism and haemopoiesis are not completely explicable by red blood cell parasitisation. They may contribute more to the @entity417 than has previously been recognised.

title: The importance of XXXX in cerebral and uncomplicated @entity9231 : role of complications, @entity11407 and @entity68 sequestration.

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: Ninety-four per cent of 169 @entity1 with @entity6197 developed @entity417 (haematocrit less than 35 per cent) and 30 per cent required blood transfusion to maintain the haematocrit at more than 21 per cent. @entity417 was at its worst on admission in 58 @entity1 (34 per cent); in the rest the haematocrit fell further, reaching its nadir one to 17 days later (mean 2.3 days). The mean lowest haematocrit was 24.3 +/- 7.2 per cent (+/- 1 SD) and the mean maximum fall was 7.9 +/- 5.6 per cent. @entity417 was more severe in @entity1 with @entity2348 , @entity5861 , schizontaemia and in pregnancy. The lowest haematocrit correlated with admission parasitaemia (r = -0.33, p less than 0.001), total serum @entity648 (r = -0.25, p less than 0.01) and serum @entity1011 (r = -0.22, p less than 0.01). In 23 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity9231 the mean serum @entity68 on admission was 53 micrograms/dl (range 16-157) and the mean serum ferritin 1773 ng/ml (range 170-10 000). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) rise in serum @entity68 96 h after starting antimalarial treatment; the serum ferritin declined slowly over several weeks. Stainable @entity68 was present in all marrows examined and in eight @entity1 the characteristic pattern of the @entity417 of @entity102 was seen. Seventy-three per cent of @entity1 had @entity11407 which was moderate to gross in 36 per cent. @entity11407 and erythrophagocytosis were often present on admission but sometimes appeared after the parasitaemia had cleared and persisted for at least three weeks into convalescence. These disturbances in @entity68 metabolism and haemopoiesis are not completely explicable by red blood cell parasitisation. They may contribute more to the @entity417 than has previously been recognised.

title: The importance of @entity417 in cerebral and uncomplicated @entity9231 : role of complications, @entity11407 and XXXX sequestration.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: AIM: To compare the short term outcome of @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) with that of laparoscopic colorectal resection (LC) for the treatment of early @entity14 that are not amenable to conventional endoscopic removal. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of all consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity5848 for endoscopically assessed benign lesions that were larger than 2 cm in diameter from 2009 to 2013 were collected. These @entity1 were compared with a cohort of controls who underwent LC from 2005 to 2013. Lesions that were proven to be malignant by initial endoscopic biopsies were excluded. Mid and lower rectal lesions were not included because total mesorectal excision, which bears a more complicated postoperative course, is not indicated for lesions without histological proof of @entity5 . Both @entity5848 and LC were performed by the same surgical unit with a standardized technique. The @entity1 were managed according to a standard protocol, and they were closely monitored for complications after the procedures. All hospital records were reviewed, and the following data were compared between the @entity5848 and LC groups: @entity1 demographics, size and location of the lesions, procedure time, short-term clinical outcomes and pathology results. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2013, 65 @entity1 who underwent @entity5848 and 55 @entity1 who underwent LC were included in this study. The two groups were similar in terms of sex (P = 0.41) and American Society of Anesthesiologist class (P = 0.58), although @entity1 in the @entity5848 group were slightly older (68.6    9.4 vs 64.6    9.9, P = 0.03). @entity5848 could be accomplished with a shorter procedure time (113    66 min vs 153    43 min, P < 0.01) for lesions of comparable size (3.0    1.2 cm vs 3.4    1.4 cm, P = 0.22) and location (colon/rectum: 59/6 vs colon/rectum: 52/3, P = 0.43). @entity5848 appeared to be associated with a lower short-term complication rate, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (10.8% vs 23.6%, P = 0.06). In the LC arm, a total of 22 complications occurred in 13 @entity1 . A total of 7 complications occurred in the @entity5848 arm, including 5 perforations and 2 episodes of @entity548 . All perforations were observed during the procedure and were successfully managed by endoscopic clipping without emergency surgical intervention. @entity1 in the @entity5848 arm had a faster recovery than @entity1 in the LC arm, which included shorter time to resume normal diet (2 d vs 4 d, P = 0.01) and a shorter hospital stay (3 d vs 6 d, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity5848 showed better short-term clinical outcomes in this study. Further prospective randomized studies will be required to evaluate the efficacy and superiority of colorectal @entity5848 over LC.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs laparoscopic colorectal resection for early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal epithelial neoplasms']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal epithelial neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1007 , platelets demonstrate increased reactivity and promote the development of @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the contribution of the @entity857 receptor @entity33507 -mediated pathway to @entity1423 due to @entity1007 . METHODS: @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 and C57Bl/6 wild-type @entity19 were fed on normal chow and high-fat (Western or Paigen) diets for 8 weeks to generate differently elevated @entity165 levels. @entity33507 receptor-induced functional responses via G(i) signaling were studied ex vivo when washed @entity19 platelets were activated by 2MeSADP and @entity21784 agonist AYPGKF in the presence and absence of @entity3352 . Platelet aggregation and secretion, a(IIb)b(3) receptor activation and the phosphorylation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) and Akt were analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma @entity165 levels ranged from 69    10 to 1011    185 mg dL(-1) depending on diet in @entity19 with different genotypes. Agonist-dependent aggregation, dense and a-granule secretion and JON/A binding were gradually and significantly (P < 0.05) augmented at low agonist concentration in correlation with the increasing plasma @entity165 levels, even if elevated @entity2871 generation was blocked. These functional responses were induced via increased levels of G(i) -mediated @entity13436 and Akt phosphorylation in @entity753 @entity19 vs. normocholesterolemic animals. In addition, blocking of the @entity33507 receptor by @entity37502 (Cangrelor) resulted in strongly reduced @entity1423 in @entity19 with elevated @entity165 levels compared with normocholesterolemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data revealed that the @entity33507 receptor pathway was substantially involved in @entity1423 associated with mild and severe @entity1007 .

title: Contribution of the XXXX receptor-mediated pathway to @entity1423 in @entity1007 .

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Low-density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'platelet hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity33507 :: (70839(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['P2Y12']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1007 , platelets demonstrate increased reactivity and promote the development of @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the contribution of the @entity857 receptor @entity33507 -mediated pathway to @entity1423 due to @entity1007 . METHODS: @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 and C57Bl/6 wild-type @entity19 were fed on normal chow and high-fat (Western or Paigen) diets for 8 weeks to generate differently elevated @entity165 levels. @entity33507 receptor-induced functional responses via G(i) signaling were studied ex vivo when washed @entity19 platelets were activated by 2MeSADP and @entity21784 agonist AYPGKF in the presence and absence of @entity3352 . Platelet aggregation and secretion, a(IIb)b(3) receptor activation and the phosphorylation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) and Akt were analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma @entity165 levels ranged from 69    10 to 1011    185 mg dL(-1) depending on diet in @entity19 with different genotypes. Agonist-dependent aggregation, dense and a-granule secretion and JON/A binding were gradually and significantly (P < 0.05) augmented at low agonist concentration in correlation with the increasing plasma @entity165 levels, even if elevated @entity2871 generation was blocked. These functional responses were induced via increased levels of G(i) -mediated @entity13436 and Akt phosphorylation in @entity753 @entity19 vs. normocholesterolemic animals. In addition, blocking of the @entity33507 receptor by @entity37502 (Cangrelor) resulted in strongly reduced @entity1423 in @entity19 with elevated @entity165 levels compared with normocholesterolemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data revealed that the @entity33507 receptor pathway was substantially involved in @entity1423 associated with mild and severe @entity1007 .

title: Contribution of the @entity33507 receptor-mediated pathway to @entity1423 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1007 , platelets demonstrate increased reactivity and promote the development of @entity65 . OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the contribution of the @entity857 receptor @entity33507 -mediated pathway to @entity1423 due to @entity1007 . METHODS: @entity1748 -deficient @entity19 and C57Bl/6 wild-type @entity19 were fed on normal chow and high-fat (Western or Paigen) diets for 8 weeks to generate differently elevated @entity165 levels. @entity33507 receptor-induced functional responses via G(i) signaling were studied ex vivo when washed @entity19 platelets were activated by 2MeSADP and @entity21784 agonist AYPGKF in the presence and absence of @entity3352 . Platelet aggregation and secretion, a(IIb)b(3) receptor activation and the phosphorylation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) and Akt were analyzed. RESULTS: Plasma @entity165 levels ranged from 69    10 to 1011    185 mg dL(-1) depending on diet in @entity19 with different genotypes. Agonist-dependent aggregation, dense and a-granule secretion and JON/A binding were gradually and significantly (P < 0.05) augmented at low agonist concentration in correlation with the increasing plasma @entity165 levels, even if elevated @entity2871 generation was blocked. These functional responses were induced via increased levels of G(i) -mediated @entity13436 and Akt phosphorylation in @entity753 @entity19 vs. normocholesterolemic animals. In addition, blocking of the @entity33507 receptor by @entity37502 (Cangrelor) resulted in strongly reduced @entity1423 in @entity19 with elevated @entity165 levels compared with normocholesterolemic controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data revealed that the @entity33507 receptor pathway was substantially involved in @entity1423 associated with mild and severe @entity1007 .

title: Contribution of the @entity33507 receptor-mediated pathway to XXXX in @entity1007 .

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet hyperreactivity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract disease in healthy full-term @entity1 with access to modern medical care. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, personal communication with researchers, the OVID databases, Dissertation Abstracts Online, and BIOSIS. STUDY SELECTION: The titles, abstracts, and text of studies from developed countries were explored for breastfeeding exposure measures and lower respiratory tract disease hospitalization rates. For summary statistics, we required 3 inclusion criteria: (1) a feeding contrast of a minimum of 2 months of exclusive breastfeeding (no formula supplementation) vs no breastfeeding and (2) study populations that excluded sick, low birth weight or premature @entity1 and (3) reflected affluent regions; 27% of studies met these criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: We abstracted data from all relevant reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data from all primary material (33 studies) indicated a protective association between breastfeeding and the risk of @entity1576 hospitalization. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria, and 7 cohort studies were pooled. The feeding contrasts in these 7 studies were 4 or more months of exclusive breastfeeding vs no breastfeeding. The summary relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 0.28 (0.14-0.54), using a random-effects model. This effect remained stable and statistically significant after adjusting for the effects of smoking or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Among generally healthy @entity1 in developed nations, more than a tripling in severe respiratory tract illnesses resulting in hospitalizations was noted for @entity1 who were not breastfed compared with those who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months.

title: Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for XXXX in infancy: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individual joint deviations are often identified in the analysis of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) gait. However, knowledge is limited as to how these deviations affect the control of the locomotor system as a whole when striving to meet the demands of walking. The current study aimed to bridge the gap by describing the control of the locomotor system in @entity1 with @entity306 in terms of their leg @entity2483 , and associated joint @entity2693 during gait. Twelve @entity1 with @entity44347 and 12 healthy controls walked at a self-selected pace in a gait laboratory while their kinematic and forceplate data were measured and analyzed during loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance and pre-swing. For calculating the leg @entity2693 , each of the lower limbs was modeled as a non-linear spring, connecting the hip joint center and the corresponding center of pressure, with varying @entity2693 that was calculated as the slope (gradient) of the axial force vs. the deformation curve. The leg @entity2693 was further decomposed into skeletal and muscular components considering the alignment of the lower limb. The ankle, knee and hip of the limb were modeled as @entity2720 with torsional springs whose @entity2693 was calculated as the slope of the moment vs. the angle curve of the joint. Independent t-tests were performed for between-group comparisons of all the variables. The @entity306 group significantly decreased the leg @entity2693 but increased the joint @entity2693 during stance phase, except during terminal stance where the leg @entity2693 was increased. They appeared to rely more on muscular contributions to achieve the required leg @entity2693 , increasing the muscular demands in maintaining the body posture against collapse. Leg @entity2693 plays a critical role in modulating the kinematics and kinetics of the locomotor system during gait in the @entity306 .

title: Leg and Joint Stiffness in @entity1 with Spastic XXXX during Level Walking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'diplegic CP', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity44347 :: ('MESH:C537945', 'Disease') :: ['spastic diplegia CP']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['revolute joints']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness, both skeletal and muscular components']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Diplegic Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individual joint deviations are often identified in the analysis of @entity306 ( @entity306 ) gait. However, knowledge is limited as to how these deviations affect the control of the locomotor system as a whole when striving to meet the demands of walking. The current study aimed to bridge the gap by describing the control of the locomotor system in @entity1 with @entity306 in terms of their leg @entity2483 , and associated joint @entity2693 during gait. Twelve @entity1 with @entity44347 and 12 healthy controls walked at a self-selected pace in a gait laboratory while their kinematic and forceplate data were measured and analyzed during loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance and pre-swing. For calculating the leg @entity2693 , each of the lower limbs was modeled as a non-linear spring, connecting the hip joint center and the corresponding center of pressure, with varying @entity2693 that was calculated as the slope (gradient) of the axial force vs. the deformation curve. The leg @entity2693 was further decomposed into skeletal and muscular components considering the alignment of the lower limb. The ankle, knee and hip of the limb were modeled as @entity2720 with torsional springs whose @entity2693 was calculated as the slope of the moment vs. the angle curve of the joint. Independent t-tests were performed for between-group comparisons of all the variables. The @entity306 group significantly decreased the leg @entity2693 but increased the joint @entity2693 during stance phase, except during terminal stance where the leg @entity2693 was increased. They appeared to rely more on muscular contributions to achieve the required leg @entity2693 , increasing the muscular demands in maintaining the body posture against collapse. Leg @entity2693 plays a critical role in modulating the kinematics and kinetics of the locomotor system during gait in the @entity306 .

title: Leg and Joint Stiffness in XXXX with Spastic @entity306 during Level Walking.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shoulder @entity158 is a common musculoskeletal problem that is often chronic or recurrent. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) cause @entity158 and are prevalent in @entity1 with @entity158 . However, few studies have focused on @entity11452 therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of multimodal treatment of MTrPs in @entity1 with @entity1118 . METHODS: A single-assessor, blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. The intervention group received comprehensive treatment once weekly consisting of manual compression of the MTrPs, manual stretching of the muscles and intermittent cold application with stretching. @entity1 were instructed to perform muscle-stretching and relaxation exercises at home and received ergonomic recommendations and advice to assume and maintain good posture. The control group remained on the waiting list for 3 months. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score (primary outcome), Visual Analogue Scale for @entity158 (VAS-P), Global Perceived Effect (GPE) scale and the number of muscles with MTrPs were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks in the intervention group and compared with those of a control group. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) on the DASH after 12 weeks (mean difference, 7.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.2 to 14.2), on the VAS-P1 for current @entity158 (mean difference, 13.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 25.0), on the VAS-P2 for @entity158 in the past 7 days (mean difference, 10.2; 95% CI, 0.7 to 19.7) and VAS-P3 most severe @entity158 in the past 7 days (mean difference, 13.8; 95% CI, 0.8 to 28.4). After 12 weeks, 55% of the @entity1 in the intervention group reported improvement (from slightly improved to completely recovered) versus 14% in the control group. The mean number of muscles with active MTrPs decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (mean difference, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that 12-week comprehensive treatment of MTrPs in shoulder muscles reduces the number of muscles with active MTrPs and is effective in reducing symptoms and improving shoulder function in @entity1 with @entity1118 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN: ISRCTN75722066.

title: Treatment of myofascial trigger points in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic shoulder pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic shoulder pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shoulder @entity158 is a common musculoskeletal problem that is often chronic or recurrent. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) cause @entity158 and are prevalent in @entity1 with @entity158 . However, few studies have focused on @entity11452 therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of multimodal treatment of MTrPs in @entity1 with @entity1118 . METHODS: A single-assessor, blinded, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. The intervention group received comprehensive treatment once weekly consisting of manual compression of the MTrPs, manual stretching of the muscles and intermittent cold application with stretching. @entity1 were instructed to perform muscle-stretching and relaxation exercises at home and received ergonomic recommendations and advice to assume and maintain good posture. The control group remained on the waiting list for 3 months. The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score (primary outcome), Visual Analogue Scale for @entity158 (VAS-P), Global Perceived Effect (GPE) scale and the number of muscles with MTrPs were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks in the intervention group and compared with those of a control group. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) on the DASH after 12 weeks (mean difference, 7.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.2 to 14.2), on the VAS-P1 for current @entity158 (mean difference, 13.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 25.0), on the VAS-P2 for @entity158 in the past 7 days (mean difference, 10.2; 95% CI, 0.7 to 19.7) and VAS-P3 most severe @entity158 in the past 7 days (mean difference, 13.8; 95% CI, 0.8 to 28.4). After 12 weeks, 55% of the @entity1 in the intervention group reported improvement (from slightly improved to completely recovered) versus 14% in the control group. The mean number of muscles with active MTrPs decreased in the intervention group compared with the control group (mean difference, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that 12-week comprehensive treatment of MTrPs in shoulder muscles reduces the number of muscles with active MTrPs and is effective in reducing symptoms and improving shoulder function in @entity1 with @entity1118 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN: ISRCTN75722066.

title: Treatment of myofascial trigger points in XXXX with @entity1118 : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity957 of the oesophagus (BSCCE) is a relatively rare variant of oesophageal malignancy. There are no established treatment strategies for pulmonary metastases of BSCCE. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent oesophagectomy and subsequently received a pathological diagnosis of stage IIIA (T3N1M0) BSCCE according to Union for International @entity5 Control. One year and 5 months later, he underwent partial resection of the right lung because of @entity3 of the BSCCE. One year and 6 months after the pulmonary resection, recurrence in the right lung was observed. The @entity1 was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using @entity900 and @entity1487 , and the lesion completely disappeared. The @entity1 is doing well without recurrence 5 years after chemoradiotherapy. DISCUSSION: In our case, the recurrent lesion in the right lung was observed after the pulmonary resection. It is difficult to determine whether the recurrent lesion is solitary or multiple and whether it is a local or @entity3 . Therefore, surgical indication must be decided carefully. Systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful to treat BSCCE @entity3 , however, appropriate, but which agents and their regimens are appropriate is not clear. Concurrent chemotherapy using @entity900 and @entity1487 and radiotherapy for pulmonary BSCCE metastases may provide curative therapy and should be considered. CONCLUSION: This report describes a case of recurrent @entity358 after pulmonary resection of BSCCE @entity3 , successfully treated by concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies are required to establish the indications and efficacy of these therapeutic approaches.

title: Surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy for metachronous @entity358 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'pleural metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity957 of the oesophagus (BSCCE) is a relatively rare variant of oesophageal malignancy. There are no established treatment strategies for pulmonary metastases of BSCCE. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 72-year-old @entity1 underwent oesophagectomy and subsequently received a pathological diagnosis of stage IIIA (T3N1M0) BSCCE according to Union for International @entity5 Control. One year and 5 months later, he underwent partial resection of the right lung because of @entity3 of the BSCCE. One year and 6 months after the pulmonary resection, recurrence in the right lung was observed. The @entity1 was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using @entity900 and @entity1487 , and the lesion completely disappeared. The @entity1 is doing well without recurrence 5 years after chemoradiotherapy. DISCUSSION: In our case, the recurrent lesion in the right lung was observed after the pulmonary resection. It is difficult to determine whether the recurrent lesion is solitary or multiple and whether it is a local or @entity3 . Therefore, surgical indication must be decided carefully. Systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful to treat BSCCE @entity3 , however, appropriate, but which agents and their regimens are appropriate is not clear. Concurrent chemotherapy using @entity900 and @entity1487 and radiotherapy for pulmonary BSCCE metastases may provide curative therapy and should be considered. CONCLUSION: This report describes a case of recurrent @entity358 after pulmonary resection of BSCCE @entity3 , successfully treated by concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies are required to establish the indications and efficacy of these therapeutic approaches.

title: Surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy for metachronous XXXX of @entity957 .

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic testing to refine @entity5 risk is available. However, little is known about factors affecting the uptake of testing for the most common hereditary @entity694 , @entity14 . This study investigated attitudes, intentions, and uptake of genetic testing within newly identified families with @entity14 . METHODS: Cohort study conducted at the National Institutes of Health between April 15, 1996, and November 20, 1999. Data were collected through questionnaires before semistructured education sessions, individual counseling sessions, and the offer of genetic testing. RESULTS: Of the 111 eligible first-degree relatives, 51% chose to participate in education and individual counseling sessions. Participation was associated with greater numbers of first-degree relatives with @entity5 ; no association was found between participation and personal history of @entity5 . Before education and individual counseling sessions, 64% of @entity1 had heard little about genetic testing for @entity5 ; however, most (97%) stated intentions to pursue testing. Fifty-one percent identified learning about their @entity1 's risks as the most important reason to consider testing. Thirty-nine percent identified the potential effect on their health insurance as the most important reason to not undergo testing. Of the 111 eligible first-degree relatives, 51% chose to undergo genetic testing. @entity1 ' intentions to pursue genetic testing were significantly affected by concerns regarding the ability to handle the emotional aspects of testing and the psychosocial effect on family members. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic counseling and testing offers the potential to focus @entity5 screening resources in individuals truly at increased risk, thereby reducing mortality and morbidity. Fears of discrimination and concerns about psychological and psychosocial issues may present barriers to the use of current @entity5 prevention strategies, including genetic counseling and testing.

title: Genetic counseling and testing in families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: The endogenous neuropeptide @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) modulates behavioral and gastrointestinal responses to stress. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are primary mediators of stress-related responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the influence of N/OFQ and of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, @entity40456 , on MMCs in the @entity35 gastric fundus. N/OFQ was infused subcutaneously for 52 h at 0.1, 1 and 10  g/kg/h and at 1  g/kg/h for 4h, 52 h, 7 days and 14 days via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Density of MMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Activation and location of MMCs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Contacts between MMCs and nerve elements were assessed by double immunofluorescence. N/OFQ (1  g/kg/h) and @entity40456 (10 and 30  g/kg/h) were infused subcutaneously in the absence and presence of acute cold-restraint stress and density of MMCs was assessed. Peripheral N/OFQ dose-dependently increased the density of MMCs, while not influencing CTMCs. The increasing effect was maintained up to 14 days following continuous infusion, while after termination of the 4-h infusion, the effect declined rapidly. The peptide promoted the activation of MMCs and their migration from the lamina propria toward the epithelial layer. The association between MMCs and nerve fibers was time-dependently down-regulated following N/OFQ infusion. The stress-induced @entity1373 of MMCs was not influenced by N/OFQ and abolished by @entity40456 . @entity40456 alone was ineffective. The present results suggest that endogenous N/OFQ could be considered a potential component of the circuit neuropeptides-mast cells-stress.

title: Long-term peripheral infusion of @entity24661 / @entity24661 promotes XXXX , activation and migration of mucosal mast cells in the @entity35 gastric fundus.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: The endogenous neuropeptide @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) modulates behavioral and gastrointestinal responses to stress. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are primary mediators of stress-related responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the influence of N/OFQ and of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, @entity40456 , on MMCs in the @entity35 gastric fundus. N/OFQ was infused subcutaneously for 52 h at 0.1, 1 and 10  g/kg/h and at 1  g/kg/h for 4h, 52 h, 7 days and 14 days via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Density of MMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Activation and location of MMCs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Contacts between MMCs and nerve elements were assessed by double immunofluorescence. N/OFQ (1  g/kg/h) and @entity40456 (10 and 30  g/kg/h) were infused subcutaneously in the absence and presence of acute cold-restraint stress and density of MMCs was assessed. Peripheral N/OFQ dose-dependently increased the density of MMCs, while not influencing CTMCs. The increasing effect was maintained up to 14 days following continuous infusion, while after termination of the 4-h infusion, the effect declined rapidly. The peptide promoted the activation of MMCs and their migration from the lamina propria toward the epithelial layer. The association between MMCs and nerve fibers was time-dependently down-regulated following N/OFQ infusion. The stress-induced @entity1373 of MMCs was not influenced by N/OFQ and abolished by @entity40456 . @entity40456 alone was ineffective. The present results suggest that endogenous N/OFQ could be considered a potential component of the circuit neuropeptides-mast cells-stress.

title: Long-term peripheral infusion of XXXX / @entity24661 promotes @entity1373 , activation and migration of mucosal mast cells in the @entity35 gastric fundus.

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nociceptin']


abstract: The endogenous neuropeptide @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) modulates behavioral and gastrointestinal responses to stress. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are primary mediators of stress-related responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the influence of N/OFQ and of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, @entity40456 , on MMCs in the @entity35 gastric fundus. N/OFQ was infused subcutaneously for 52 h at 0.1, 1 and 10  g/kg/h and at 1  g/kg/h for 4h, 52 h, 7 days and 14 days via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Density of MMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Activation and location of MMCs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Contacts between MMCs and nerve elements were assessed by double immunofluorescence. N/OFQ (1  g/kg/h) and @entity40456 (10 and 30  g/kg/h) were infused subcutaneously in the absence and presence of acute cold-restraint stress and density of MMCs was assessed. Peripheral N/OFQ dose-dependently increased the density of MMCs, while not influencing CTMCs. The increasing effect was maintained up to 14 days following continuous infusion, while after termination of the 4-h infusion, the effect declined rapidly. The peptide promoted the activation of MMCs and their migration from the lamina propria toward the epithelial layer. The association between MMCs and nerve fibers was time-dependently down-regulated following N/OFQ infusion. The stress-induced @entity1373 of MMCs was not influenced by N/OFQ and abolished by @entity40456 . @entity40456 alone was ineffective. The present results suggest that endogenous N/OFQ could be considered a potential component of the circuit neuropeptides-mast cells-stress.

title: Long-term peripheral infusion of @entity24661 / XXXX promotes @entity1373 , activation and migration of mucosal mast cells in the @entity35 gastric fundus.

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['orphanin FQ']


abstract: The endogenous neuropeptide @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) modulates behavioral and gastrointestinal responses to stress. Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) are primary mediators of stress-related responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We investigated the influence of N/OFQ and of the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor antagonist, @entity40456 , on MMCs in the @entity35 gastric fundus. N/OFQ was infused subcutaneously for 52 h at 0.1, 1 and 10  g/kg/h and at 1  g/kg/h for 4h, 52 h, 7 days and 14 days via Alzet osmotic minipumps. Density of MMCs and connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) was assessed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Activation and location of MMCs were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Contacts between MMCs and nerve elements were assessed by double immunofluorescence. N/OFQ (1  g/kg/h) and @entity40456 (10 and 30  g/kg/h) were infused subcutaneously in the absence and presence of acute cold-restraint stress and density of MMCs was assessed. Peripheral N/OFQ dose-dependently increased the density of MMCs, while not influencing CTMCs. The increasing effect was maintained up to 14 days following continuous infusion, while after termination of the 4-h infusion, the effect declined rapidly. The peptide promoted the activation of MMCs and their migration from the lamina propria toward the epithelial layer. The association between MMCs and nerve fibers was time-dependently down-regulated following N/OFQ infusion. The stress-induced @entity1373 of MMCs was not influenced by N/OFQ and abolished by @entity40456 . @entity40456 alone was ineffective. The present results suggest that endogenous N/OFQ could be considered a potential component of the circuit neuropeptides-mast cells-stress.

title: Long-term peripheral infusion of @entity24661 / @entity24661 promotes @entity1373 , activation and migration of mucosal mast cells in the XXXX gastric fundus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']