abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the outcomes and late @entity137 of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by intracavitary image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). METHODS: Data from consecutive @entity1 with histologically proven stage @entity5 treated with curative intent in a single institution were analyzed. After pelvic +/- para-aortic external-beam radiation therapy, they received pulsed-dose rate IGABT following GEC-ESTRO recommendations. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled. Sixty-five percent were stage>= IIB according to FIGO classification. Ninety-five percent received CRT. Mean D90 to HR and IR-CTV were 80.4+/-10.3Gy and 67.7+/-6.1Gy. After a median follow-up of 38.8months, 3-year local control and overall survival rates were 86.4% and 76.1%, respectively. A trend for a detrimental effect of @entity5 stage on local control rates was observed with 3-year local control rates of 100% for stages @entity3846 and IIA, 90.5 for @entity3847 , 85.8% for IIB, 50% for IIIA, 77.1 for IIIB, and 66.7% for @entity5 (p=0.06). Local control rates at 3years were 95.6% in the group of @entity1 with D90 of HR-CTV>= 85Gy, 88.8% in those with D90 between 80 and 85Gy, and 80% when D90<80Gy (p=0.018). Eighteen severe late gastrointestinal and urinary effects affecting 14 @entity1 were reported corresponding with a crude incidence of 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: CRT followed by IGABT provides high local control rates with limited @entity137 . Reaching high doses is mandatory to achieve local control and interstitial brachytherapy is necessary in advanced diseases.

title: Clinical outcomes of definitive chemoradiation followed by intracavitary pulsed-dose rate image-guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'IB-IVA cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'IVA tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: @entity189 is a rare @entity5 that has not been well studied. To determine the pathologic and clinical features of this disease, we retrospectively evaluated 46 cases from our surgical pathology files. The @entity1 included 16 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 , with a mean age of 53.4 years (range, 28-82 years). Forty @entity1 had undergone cystectomy, and the remaining 6 had undergone transurethral bladder biopsy. @entity5 were located at the dome (n = 44); only 2 were located at both the dome and anterior wall. All @entity5 consisted of @entity420 , including mucinous (n = 36), enteric (n = 7), not otherwise specified (n = 2), and signet ring cell (n = 1) types. Focal areas of signet ring cell features were present in 23 cases, but @entity189 in situ was not identified in any cases. The @entity5 invaded the muscularis propria (n = 8), perivesical adipose tissue (n = 27), and abdominal wall (n = 3). Twenty-five @entity1 had died of @entity5 at a mean of 32 months (range, 12-74 months), and 21 @entity1 were alive at a mean of 65 months (range, 7-230 months). The median @entity5 -specific survival time of @entity6090 @entity1 was 45 months, which was significantly longer than that of bladder @entity189 @entity1 with similar-stage disease (P = .047). @entity1 ' @entity5 -specific survival was associated with @entity5 stage according to the Sheldon, Mayo, and @entity2802 staging systems. In conclusion, @entity189 are predominantly composed of invasive @entity420 , which commonly demonstrate mucinous features. @entity5 present at advanced stages but are still associated with a better survival rate than bladder @entity189 .

title: XXXX : a pathologic and clinical study of 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6090 :: ('MESH:C536474', 'Disease') :: ['urachal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Most tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas', 'urachal carcinomas', 'Urachal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urachal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The majority of @entity1171 seen in clinic are stable, will not displace and do not require plaster casting to achieve union in a good position. Nevertheless, many @entity1 with stable @entity1171 are advised that they need a cast. In this study we counseled @entity1 regarding the different options for conservative management of their stable @entity1171 . We then encouraged them to make an informed decision on which method of treatment they would like to pursue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed eight years of a single consultant's @entity174 clinic. 163 @entity1 were offered a choice of: a weight bearing below knee cast; a functional ankle brace; or a regime of rest, ice, compression bandage and elevation (" @entity579 " regime). All @entity1 were advised to mobilize on the injured ankle as their @entity158 allowed. RESULTS: 163 @entity1 were suitable for all 3 treatment options. 82% (133/163) chose an ankle brace, 15% (25/163) opted for a @entity579 regime and 3% (5/163) chose a below knee cast. Of these only one returned to clinic complaining of @entity158 , however after further discussion the @entity1 opted to continue with his @entity579 regime as planned. DISCUSSION: A conservative approach to these injuries is now common practice; however there is a wide variation in what type of conservative management is given. Recent studies suggest orthopedic surgeons are still treating the majority of these injuries with a weight-bearing cast despite risks of @entity2693 , @entity272 and @entity1031 . This study showed when the @entity1 is given opportunity to make an informed choice the vast majority opt not to have a cast. The study suggests management of these injuries should be decided via a two-way conversation between @entity1 and practitioner. CONCLUSIONS: Using a shared decision making approach to these injuries is a useful method of providing @entity1 with the most suitable treatment for their personal treatment goals.

title: The effects of shared decision making in the conservative management of stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the long-term urological follow-up strategies for @entity1 with @entity1973 ( @entity1973 ), focusing on three main groups of @entity16 : (i) @entity1566 , (ii) @entity3570 , and (iii) @entity15 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data acquisition comprised electronic search on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) database and the EMBASE database in August 2014 to retrieve English language studies. MEDLINE and EMBASE search included the following medical subject heading (MeSH) terms: (i) @entity1494 and (ii) @entity1494 . Each of these terms was crossed with (i) long-term care and (ii) long-term surveillance. Only studies related to @entity1973 and urological follow-up were included. Studies were also identified by hand search of reference lists and review articles. RESULTS: Initial records identified through database searching included 265 articles. In all, 23 articles were included in the quantitative synthesis. The proposed time schedule of investigations as well as the amount and type of investigation were different according to specific @entity16 . They depend on the dysfunctional pattern of the lower urinary tract (LUT) and its risk profile. However, there is a lack of high-evidence level studies to support an optimal long-term follow-up protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The goal of neuro-urological management is the best possible preservation of upper urinary tract (UUT) and LUT function in relation to the individual @entity16 . Regular and risk adapted controls ('urochecks') allow detection of risk-factors in time before irreversible changes of the LUT and UUT have occurred. With risk- and @entity1 -oriented lifelong regular urological care an optimised quality of life and life-expectancy can be achieved, although there is a complete lack of high-evidence level studies on this topic.

title: Follow-up of the neuro-urological XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder', 'neurological diseases', 'neurological lesions']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction', 'NLUTD']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The increased emergence of @entity6371 is perceived as a critical public health threat, creating an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antimicrobials. Cell-penetrating peptides that share common features with antimicrobial peptides have been found to have antimicrobial activity and are currently being considered as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Transportan 10 is a chimeric cell-penetrating peptide that has been reported to transport biologically relevant cargoes into @entity1 cells and cause damage to microbial membranes. In this study, we designed a series of TP10 analogues and studied their structure-activity relationships. We first evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against @entity6371 , which are responsible for most @entity580 . Our results showed that several of these compounds had potent antimicrobial and biofilm-inhibiting activities. We also measured the @entity137 of these compounds, finding that Lys substitution could increase the antimicrobial activity but significantly enhanced the @entity137 . Pro introduction could reduce the @entity137 but disrupted the helical structure, resulting in a loss of activity. In the mechanistic studies, TP10 killed bacteria by membrane-active and DNA-binding activities. In conclusion, TP10 and its analogues could be developed into promising antibiotic candidates for the treatment of @entity281 caused by @entity6371 . Copyright    2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Antimicrobial activities and action mechanism studies of transportan 10 and its analogues against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug-resistant bacteria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['multidrug-resistant bacteria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gray matter pathology is an important aspect of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) pathogenesis and disease progression. In a recent study, we were able to demonstrate that the higher myelin content in the white matter parts of the brain is an important variable in the neuroinflammatory response during demyelinating events. Whether higher white matter myelination contributes to lesion development and progression is not known. Here, we compared lesion size of intra-cortical vs. @entity62 . Furthermore, dynamics of lesion development was compared in the @entity18 and @entity6579 models. We provide clear evidence that in the @entity1 brain, @entity62 are significantly increased in size as compared to intra-cortical gray matter lesions. In addition, studies using the @entity18 @entity19 model revealed that the autonomous progression of @entity62 is more severe compared to that in the gray matter. Focal @entity17 revealed that the application of equal amounts of @entity6579 results in more severe @entity17 in the white compared to the gray matter. In summary, lesion progression is most intense in myelin-rich white matter regions, irrespective of the initial lesion trigger mechanism. A better understanding of myelin debris-triggered lesion expansion will pave the way for the development of new protective strategies in the future.

title: Lesion Expansion in Experimental XXXX Animal Models and @entity15 Lesions.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity18 :: ('MESH:D003471', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprizone']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'white matter MS lesions']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['Demyelination']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gray matter pathology is an important aspect of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) pathogenesis and disease progression. In a recent study, we were able to demonstrate that the higher myelin content in the white matter parts of the brain is an important variable in the neuroinflammatory response during demyelinating events. Whether higher white matter myelination contributes to lesion development and progression is not known. Here, we compared lesion size of intra-cortical vs. @entity62 . Furthermore, dynamics of lesion development was compared in the @entity18 and @entity6579 models. We provide clear evidence that in the @entity1 brain, @entity62 are significantly increased in size as compared to intra-cortical gray matter lesions. In addition, studies using the @entity18 @entity19 model revealed that the autonomous progression of @entity62 is more severe compared to that in the gray matter. Focal @entity17 revealed that the application of equal amounts of @entity6579 results in more severe @entity17 in the white compared to the gray matter. In summary, lesion progression is most intense in myelin-rich white matter regions, irrespective of the initial lesion trigger mechanism. A better understanding of myelin debris-triggered lesion expansion will pave the way for the development of new protective strategies in the future.

title: Lesion Expansion in Experimental @entity17 Animal Models and XXXX Lesions.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the localization precision of 256-channel dense array electroencephalographic source imaging ( @entity72187 ) in comparison to conventional noninvasive tools. In addition, the study was designed to analyze the relationship between the 256-channel @entity72187 source patterns and surgical outcome. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) who underwent one-stage resective surgeries were recruited in this study. We compared @entity72187 with other noninvasive evaluation methods by comparing results with resections that eliminate or significantly reduced @entity410 according to sub-lobule and lobule criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of multiple evaluation methods were calculated. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between source patterns and surgical outcome. RESULTS: @entity72187 showed the best sensitivity (sub-lobule, 91.4%; lobule, 97.1%) and specificity (75%) for both sub-lobule and lobule criteria. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that cases with "single source" had better prognosis than with "multiple sources" (p<0.05); cases of "sources within resection" showed better surgical prognosis than cases of "sources outside resection" (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, 256-channel @entity72187 provided a higher clinical yield than the other most broadly used noninvasive presurgical workup tools. @entity72187 results with "single source" correlated strongly to good prognosis, while cases with "multiple sources" may cautiously be considered as candidates for one-stage resective surgeries. The resection of the irritative zone identified by @entity302 ( @entity302 ) was related to good surgical prognosis in @entity1315 . SIGNIFICANCE: In the presurgical workup of @entity1315 , the clinical yield of 256-channel @entity72187 is high. Patterns of @entity72187 results are related to surgical prognosis, and they can be instructive for presurgical planning. The resection of the irritative zone can be related to good surgical prognosis in @entity1315 .

title: Application of 256-channel dense array electroencephalographic source imaging in presurgical workup of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['interictal epileptiform discharges', 'IEDs']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the diagnostic impact of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) in @entity1 with suspected low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 but normal resting transvalvular flow rate. BACKGROUND: @entity1642 may help to distinguish between true severe @entity472 and pseudosevere @entity472 in @entity1 with @entity886 (AVA) and mean gradient. However, if rest flow rate is normal, then @entity1642 may not confer any additional diagnostic value, irrespective of resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and indexed @entity64 volume  (SVi). METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with suspected low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 who underwent @entity1642 were retrospectively studied. Following stratification by rest LVEF, SVi, and flow rate-using cutoffs of 50%, 35 ml/m(2), and 200  ml/s, respectively-we tested for significant changes in AVA during @entity1642 . RESULTS: Mean age was 77    9 years and 60% of @entity1 were male. Mean values for rest variables were as follow: AVA:  0.77    0.12 cm(2); mean gradient: 27    7 mm  Hg; flow rate: 182    37 ml/s; SVi: 32    8 ml/m(2); and LVEF: 45    15%. During  @entity1642 , significant increases in AVA were observed regardless of resting LVEF and SVi state. In @entity1 with rest flow rate  >= 200  ml/s, AVA did not increase significantly during stress (rest AVA: 0.90 cm(2) vs. stress AVA: 0.97 cm(2); p  =  0.11), and positive predictive value for confirming underlying true severe @entity472 was 84%. In adjusted analyses, rest flow rate was the only parameter associated with severe @entity5427 (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.0  to  1.1; p  = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Rest AVA measured under normal flow rate conditions is likely to reflect the true severity of @entity5427 and unlikely to change significantly with @entity1642 . Flow normalization may only be required in @entity1 with AVA  <1 cm(2) and mean gradient  <40 mm  Hg when the rest flow rate is  <200 ml/s.

title: Resting Aortic Valve Area at Normal Transaortic Flow Rate Reflects True Valve Area in Suspected Low Gradient Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['low aortic valve area']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress echocardiography', 'SE']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stenosis']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The mutation @entity72188 in @entity3492 gene has been incorrectly named as other mutations. It is essential to standardize mutation nomenclature to describe complex mutations. OBJECTIVES: This paper aimed to verify a series of @entity1 with the frame-shift mutation @entity72188 in the @entity3492 gene and review the literature on related mutations. METHODS: All the included @entity1 with @entity3491 ( @entity3491 ) carried the @entity72189 or @entity72188 mutation of the @entity3492 gene in the present study. Their parents were encouraged to participate. After written informed consent and clinic data had been obtained, genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of @entity1 . The target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to bidirectional sequencing to identify sequence variations. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 with prelingual @entity3491 and 6 normal parents were recruited. Genotyping revealed that one mutation, @entity72188 ( @entity72190 ), was homozygous in 1 @entity1 , heterozygous in 2 @entity1 and 3 parents, and compound heterozygous in 11 @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 had @entity393 caused by @entity72188 in a homozygous or compound heterozygous form, and further study showed that it was wrongly named as @entity72189 . Additionally, according to the standard nomenclature, the previously reported mutations with distinct names from the literature review may be replaced by @entity72188 .

title: The deafness-causing mutation @entity72188 in the XXXX gene and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity72190 :: ('|INS|504|NOT,AACG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['not 504insAACG']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic hearing loss', 'NSHL']

entities_list: @entity72189 :: ('c|INS|504|AACG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['504insAACG']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity3492 :: (2706,Gene) :: ['GJB2']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The mutation @entity72188 in @entity3492 gene has been incorrectly named as other mutations. It is essential to standardize mutation nomenclature to describe complex mutations. OBJECTIVES: This paper aimed to verify a series of @entity1 with the frame-shift mutation @entity72188 in the @entity3492 gene and review the literature on related mutations. METHODS: All the included @entity1 with @entity3491 ( @entity3491 ) carried the @entity72189 or @entity72188 mutation of the @entity3492 gene in the present study. Their parents were encouraged to participate. After written informed consent and clinic data had been obtained, genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of @entity1 . The target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to bidirectional sequencing to identify sequence variations. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 with prelingual @entity3491 and 6 normal parents were recruited. Genotyping revealed that one mutation, @entity72188 ( @entity72190 ), was homozygous in 1 @entity1 , heterozygous in 2 @entity1 and 3 parents, and compound heterozygous in 11 @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 had @entity393 caused by @entity72188 in a homozygous or compound heterozygous form, and further study showed that it was wrongly named as @entity72189 . Additionally, according to the standard nomenclature, the previously reported mutations with distinct names from the literature review may be replaced by @entity72188 .

title: The deafness-causing mutation XXXX in the @entity3492 gene and a literature review.

answer: @entity72188 :: (c|DUP|508_511|,DNAMutation) :: ['c.508_511dup']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to describe the pattern of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) development using a dynamic approach. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal study. METHODS: We analyzed the files of 449 neurosurgical @entity1 who underwent placement of external ventricular drain (EVD). During the study period, @entity2841 sampling was performed on a daily base setting. @entity281 was defined as a positive @entity2841 culture resulting in antibiotic treatment. For @entity281 @entity1 , we arbitrary defined day 0 (D0) as the day antibiotic treatment was started. In these @entity1 , we compared dynamic changes in clinical and biological parameters at four pre-determined time points: (D-4, D-3, D-2, D-1) with those of D0. For all @entity2841 -positive cultures, we compared @entity2841 biochemical markers' evolution pattern between @entity281 @entity1 and the others, considered as a control cohort. RESULTS: Thirty-two suffered from @entity281 . Peripheral white blood cell count did not differ between D-4-D0. Median body temperature, @entity2841 cell count, median Glasgow Coma Scale, @entity2841 protein, and @entity413 concentrations were significantly different between D-4, D-3, D-2, and D0. At D0, 100  % of @entity2841 samples yielded organisms in culture. The physician caring for the @entity1 decided to treat @entity281 based upon positive @entity2841 culture in only 28  % (9/32) of cases. In the control cohort, @entity2841 markers' profile trends to normalize, while it worsens in the @entity281 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We showed that clinical symptoms and biological abnormalities of @entity281 evolved over time. Our data suggest that @entity281 decision to treat relies upon a bundle of evidence, including dynamic changes in @entity2841 laboratory exams combined with microbiological analysis.

title: Clinical, biological, and microbiological pattern associated with XXXX : a retrospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['VRI', 'ventriculostomy-related infection']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['ventriculostomy-related infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity51781 ( @entity51781 ) belongs to the R4 subfamily of @entity46337 proteins, a family of GTPase activating proteins, which is dynamically regulated in various biological processes including blood pressure regulation, smooth muscle cell pathology, fat metabolism and @entity5 angiogenesis. Low-expression of @entity51781 was reported to be associated with @entity5 progression in @entity2 . In the present study, we examined the potential roles of @entity51781 in @entity1 @entity2 cells by overexpressing @entity51781 in the @entity5 cells and further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The @entity51781 gene was cloned and transfected into the @entity1 @entity2 cell lines A549 and @entity1 . The cells were tested for apoptosis with flow cytometry, for viability with @entity98 , for mobility and adhesion capacity. The radiosensitization effect of @entity51781 was measured by a colony formation assay. The mechanisms of @entity51781 functioning was also investigated by detection of protein expression with western blot analysis, including @entity9190 , @entity9189 , @entity589 , @entity588 , @entity9067 , @entity23759 , @entity5605 , phospho- @entity876 ( @entity563  15) and @entity876 . The present study demonstrated that @entity51781 overexpression remarkably induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity2 cells, which was suggested to be through mitochondrial mechanisms. Overexpression of @entity51781 resulted in significantly lower adhesion and migration abilities of the @entity2 cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, overexpression of @entity51781 sensitized the @entity2 cells to radiation. In conclusion, the present study showed that @entity51781 played an inhibitory role in @entity1 @entity2 cells through induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity51781 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of radiation in the @entity1 @entity2 cells. Our results indicated that @entity51781 may be a potential target for @entity5 therapy.

title: Overexpression of the regulator of G-protein signaling  5 reduces the survival rate and enhances the radiation response of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity51781 :: ('8490', 'Gene') :: ['Regulator of G protein signaling  5', 'RGS5']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity51781 ( @entity51781 ) belongs to the R4 subfamily of @entity46337 proteins, a family of GTPase activating proteins, which is dynamically regulated in various biological processes including blood pressure regulation, smooth muscle cell pathology, fat metabolism and @entity5 angiogenesis. Low-expression of @entity51781 was reported to be associated with @entity5 progression in @entity2 . In the present study, we examined the potential roles of @entity51781 in @entity1 @entity2 cells by overexpressing @entity51781 in the @entity5 cells and further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The @entity51781 gene was cloned and transfected into the @entity1 @entity2 cell lines A549 and @entity1 . The cells were tested for apoptosis with flow cytometry, for viability with @entity98 , for mobility and adhesion capacity. The radiosensitization effect of @entity51781 was measured by a colony formation assay. The mechanisms of @entity51781 functioning was also investigated by detection of protein expression with western blot analysis, including @entity9190 , @entity9189 , @entity589 , @entity588 , @entity9067 , @entity23759 , @entity5605 , phospho- @entity876 ( @entity563  15) and @entity876 . The present study demonstrated that @entity51781 overexpression remarkably induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity2 cells, which was suggested to be through mitochondrial mechanisms. Overexpression of @entity51781 resulted in significantly lower adhesion and migration abilities of the @entity2 cells (P<0.01). Furthermore, overexpression of @entity51781 sensitized the @entity2 cells to radiation. In conclusion, the present study showed that @entity51781 played an inhibitory role in @entity1 @entity2 cells through induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity51781 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of radiation in the @entity1 @entity2 cells. Our results indicated that @entity51781 may be a potential target for @entity5 therapy.

title: Overexpression of the regulator of G-protein signaling  5 reduces the survival rate and enhances the radiation response of XXXX @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Role of lumbar puncture and high dose @entity230 have been implicated previously in causing @entity50 in @entity15 . We report a case of clinically @entity3491 who developed @entity50 after Lumbar puncture and high dose @entity230 . Forty two years old gentleman presented with right hand @entity1183 and @entity425 over 1 week. MRI brain and spine showed periventricular and cerebellar white matter lesions suggestive of @entity15 . ANA, ANCA, APLA, B12 and NMO antibody were negative. VEP was normal. CSF showed oligoclonal bands. Post lumbar puncture he received pulse dose of 1gm Methylprednisoplone for 5 days. He developed @entity10 on the 6th day especially on sitting up which improves on lying down. On the 9th day the @entity10 became frontal and continuous with no relief on lying down. He developed generalized tonic clonic @entity410 on the 12th day and MRI brain done revealed @entity50 with bilateral sulcal @entity510 . He was started on low molecular heparin followed by @entity1229 . @entity10 resolved. His thrombophilia screen revealed @entity4889 with heterozygous @entity9769 gene mutation whether Lumbar puncture which caused the low pressure @entity10 along with high dose @entity230 provoked @entity49 in this predisposed @entity1 who had @entity4889 can be debated. There have been many cases reported of similarly of @entity19312 in @entity15 after LP and @entity230 . It can be debated that LP and @entity230 are routinely given simultaneously in @entity15 @entity1 and questionably this can be avoided. CONCLUSION: This is a case of CIS who developed @entity50 post lumbar puncture and mega @entity230 pulse therapy, initially he presented with symptoms similar to @entity10 of @entity551 followed by @entity410 . High index of suspicion of @entity19312 post LP and @entity230 therapy should be considered.

title: Cortical @entity50 after LP and high dose steroid in a case clinically XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['Protein C and S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated syndrome']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache', 'Headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal sinus thrombosis', 'cerebral venous sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

answer: @entity3491 :: (MESH:C580334,Disease) :: ['isolated syndrome']


abstract: Role of lumbar puncture and high dose @entity230 have been implicated previously in causing @entity50 in @entity15 . We report a case of clinically @entity3491 who developed @entity50 after Lumbar puncture and high dose @entity230 . Forty two years old gentleman presented with right hand @entity1183 and @entity425 over 1 week. MRI brain and spine showed periventricular and cerebellar white matter lesions suggestive of @entity15 . ANA, ANCA, APLA, B12 and NMO antibody were negative. VEP was normal. CSF showed oligoclonal bands. Post lumbar puncture he received pulse dose of 1gm Methylprednisoplone for 5 days. He developed @entity10 on the 6th day especially on sitting up which improves on lying down. On the 9th day the @entity10 became frontal and continuous with no relief on lying down. He developed generalized tonic clonic @entity410 on the 12th day and MRI brain done revealed @entity50 with bilateral sulcal @entity510 . He was started on low molecular heparin followed by @entity1229 . @entity10 resolved. His thrombophilia screen revealed @entity4889 with heterozygous @entity9769 gene mutation whether Lumbar puncture which caused the low pressure @entity10 along with high dose @entity230 provoked @entity49 in this predisposed @entity1 who had @entity4889 can be debated. There have been many cases reported of similarly of @entity19312 in @entity15 after LP and @entity230 . It can be debated that LP and @entity230 are routinely given simultaneously in @entity15 @entity1 and questionably this can be avoided. CONCLUSION: This is a case of CIS who developed @entity50 post lumbar puncture and mega @entity230 pulse therapy, initially he presented with symptoms similar to @entity10 of @entity551 followed by @entity410 . High index of suspicion of @entity19312 post LP and @entity230 therapy should be considered.

title: Cortical XXXX after LP and high dose steroid in a case clinically @entity3491 .

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['venous sinus thrombosis']


abstract: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is a term used to define an episode suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory @entity17 . The majority of @entity922 will evolve to @entity15 ( @entity15 ), a chronic disease characterised by further relapses and accumulation of disability. Current evidence suggests that disease modifying treatment (DMT) should be started at early stages since it is likely to have a significant impact on the evolution of the disease. Thus, accurately identifying which @entity1 will remain as @entity922 or which will develop @entity15 and, above all, determining the degree of disability they could develop over the mid- to long term is considered crucial for a more individualized treatment. Natural history studies have shown that a younger age at disease onset is related to a higher risk of conversion to clinically definite @entity15 (CDMS) and that male gender is associated to a higher disability accumulation as measured by the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Among clinical factors, @entity922 @entity1 presenting with an @entity7995 have been related to a lower risk of developing both @entity15 and disability accumulation in comparison to @entity922 affecting other topographies. Regarding biological factors, a recent meta-analysis showed that presence of IgG oligoclonal bands (OB) increases both the risk of having a second attack and the risk of disability accumulation. To date, brain MRI remains the most reliable prognostic marker for developing @entity15 or disability. It has been demonstrated that a higher number of brain T2 lesions or Barkhof criteria (BC) on baseline MRI increases the risk of developing @entity15 and disability in the mid- to long term. However, although the abovementioned natural history studies are indeed based on large multicentre cohorts with long follow-up, they have a number of limitations: they usually comprised data obtained both retrospectively and prospectively, which could lead to information bias. Baseline and follow-up visits do not follow a standardized protocol, compromising the homogenization among the different centres of the data acquired. Absence of MRI data is frequent and when present, a systematic MRI protocol is lacking. These limitations often result in the fact that MRI and OB have not been taken into account as joint covariates in the models. Finally, quantification of @entity1 lost to follow-up and its causes are not registered, leading to survival bias. On the other hand, the longitudinal MRI cohorts have a small sample size, follow-up is not regular, and @entity7995 is frequently over-represented, deeming subgroup analyses impossible. Overcoming some of these limitations, I will present the Barcelona inception cohort study on 1000 @entity922 . We have tried to identify and stratify which baseline demographic, clinical, radiological or biological factors predict @entity15 development and disability accumulation in a unique multivariate approach on a large prospective cohort.

title: XXXX diagnostics and predictors of conversion to CDMS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'Clinically isolated syndrome']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['CIS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity201 (CCAs) may be defined as @entity5 that derived from the biliary tree with the differentiation in the biliary epithelial cells. This @entity5 is @entity146 with a poor prognosis. It can be treated surgically and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The @entity5 microenvironment (TME) is a very important factor in the regulation of @entity5 angiogenesis, invasion, and @entity3 . Besides @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) can modulate @entity5 growth, stroma formation and migratory capability. The initial stage of tumorigenesis is characterized by genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to intrinsic factors which lead to the generation of oncogenes thus inducing tumorigenesis. CSCs may result from precancerous stem cells, cell de-differentiation, normal stem cells or an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CSCs have been found in the @entity5 niche, and EMT may occur early within the @entity5 microenvironment. Previous studies have demonstrated evidence of @entity201 stem cells ( @entity5439 , @entity11707 , @entity5960 , @entity1759 , and others) and the presence of these markers has been associated with malignant potential. The interaction between TME and @entity201 stem cells via signaling mediators may create an environment that accommodates @entity5 growth, yielding resistance to cytotoxic insults (chemotherarapeutic). While progress has been made in the understanding of the mechanisms, the interactions in the tumorigenic process still remain a major challenge. Our review, addresses recent concepts of TME-CSCs interaction and will emphasize the importance of early detection with the use of novel diagnostic mechanisms such as CCA-CSC biomarkers and the importance of @entity5 stroma to define new treatments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Review: Tumor Microenvironment Versus Cancer Stem Cells in XXXX : Synergistic Effects?

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['malignant, extremely aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of rituximab has led to a growing tendency to perform @entity6910 -incompatible @entity8 ( @entity8 ) without splenectomy. However, the optimal dosage of rituximab is undefined. METHOD: Fifty-five @entity8 recipients who had neither a history of @entity1956 nor positive crossmatch were enrolled between October 2005 and June 2014. Recipients were divided into three groups by year of transplantation: 2005 to 2008; 2009 to 2011; and 2012 to 2014. Percentages of @entity2225 -positive B lymphocytes and blood-group antibody titers were monitored before renal transplantation. An initial rituximab dosage of 100 mg/body (for titers below 64) or 200 mg/body (for titers above 128) was administered 2 weeks before transplantation. If the percentage of peripheral B lymphocytes remained greater than 0.5%, additional rituximab (100  mg or 200  mg) was administered. @entity1 demographics, @entity1 survival, graft survival, and complication rates were compared. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 received rituximab 100 mg/body (low-dose rituximab [LDR] group). Overall survival and graft survival rates did not differ significantly between the LDR group and other cases. The incidences of myelosuppression and @entity1800 were lower in the LDR group than the other cases. CONCLUSION: A low dose of rituximab (100 mg/body) is adequate in @entity6910 -incompatible @entity8 , especially in cases with low blood-type antibody titer against @entity6910 -antigens. Rituximab dosage reduction has been successful in our hospital without serious complications. Moreover, as over-dosage of rituximab may cause myelosuppression, it is reasonable to believe that LDR is a suitable option to safely perform @entity6910 -incompatible @entity8 without splenectomy.

title: Evaluation of Rituximab Dosage for XXXX -Incompatible Living-donor Kidney Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['living-donor kidney transplantation', 'LDKT']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the development of various desensitization strategies, @entity6910 -incompatible (ABOi) living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has become a feasible option for @entity1 with @entity3851 . However, there has been no united desensitization protocol for ABOi LDLT. We analyzed the outcomes after establishment of simplified protocol without splenectomy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and local infusion therapy. METHODS: We analyzed 19 ABOi LDLT cases that had been performed between January 2012 and December 2013, without splenectomy and local infusion. We used a single dose of rituximab (375  mg/m(2)) 10 days before transplantation and several series of plasma exchange according to the recipients' iso-agglutinin titer-to-target titer ratio of 1:32. RESULTS: Nineteen recipients received ABOi LTs from living donors. The mean initial immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG anti- @entity6910 titers were 76.63    78.81 (range, 8   256) and 162.53    464.1 (0   2048). We performed preoperative plasma exchange to 16 recipients (mean number of sessions, 3.58; range, 1-10). After surgery, 9 @entity1 received plasma exchange (mean, 1.84; range 1   14). One @entity204 occurred as the result of @entity55 (5.3%). There were 4 cases of acute rejections (21.1%), and all of them were treated successfully with @entity479 pulse or thymoglobulin. Antibody-mediated rejection and graft failure did not occur. Six cases of @entity260 (31.6%) occurred, including 3 cases of @entity281 . There were 2 cases of biliary anastomotic stricture (10.5%) and 1 case of @entity6315 (5.3%). CONCLUSIONS: ABOi LDLT with the use of simplified protocol can be safely performed without increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection and other complications.

title: Results of XXXX -Incompatible Liver Transplantation Using a Simplified Protocol at a Single Institution.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein stenosis']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe the experience of using 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC4) in @entity1 with a ventricular assist device (VAD) scheduled for imminent heart transplant who are receiving @entity1229 . METHODS: We are reporting a clinical case series describing 4 @entity1 with VADs treated with PCC4 for anticoagulation reversal before heart transplantation. Data collection was performed via retrospective medical chart review from March 27, 2014, to July 20,  2014. RESULTS: Average time to anticoagulation reversal was 2.45 hours and average volume of PCC4 injection was 86 mL. No @entity1 experienced a @entity1031 event or a decrease in hemoglobin indicative of a @entity548 event. Average volume of packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) @entity1 received was 2,325 mL. @entity1 1 experienced a @entity56 and @entity1 2 experienced @entity882 postoperatively. The average acquisition cost was  3,824 and the average retail price was  7,143 per complete dose. CONCLUSIONS: PCC4 contributed to efficient reduction of International Normalized Ratio (INR) before surgery. PCC4 requires less volume than FFP for similar INR reductions. PCC4 was a beneficial agent in our @entity1 with VADs; however, a cost-benefit analysis is needed to evaluate the future utility of PCC4.

title: Case series of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate for XXXX reversal before heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 (NB) occurs in pediatric @entity1 as stage 4S or stage 4 and it is characterized by heterogeneous clinical behavior associated with diverse genotypes. @entity5 of stage 4 contain several structural copy number aberrations (CNAs) rarely found in stage 4S. To date, the NB tumorigenesis is not still elucidated, although it is evident that genomic instability plays a critical role in the genesis of the @entity5 . Here we propose a mathematical approach to decipher genomic data and we provide a new model of NB metastatic tumorigenesis. METHOD: We elucidate NB tumorigenesis using Enhanced Fused Lasso Latent Feature Model (E-FLLat) modeling the array comparative chromosome hybridization (aCGH) data of 190 metastatic NBs (63 stage 4S and 127 stage 4). This model for aCGH segmentation, based on the minimization of functional dictionary learning (DL), combines several penalties tailored to the specificities of aCGH data. In DL, the original signal is approximated by a linear weighted combination of atoms: the elements of the learned dictionary. RESULTS: The hierarchical structures for stage 4S shows at the first level of the oncogenetic tree several whole chromosome gains except to the unbalanced gains of 17q, 2p and 2q. Conversely, the high CNA complexity found in stage 4 @entity5 , requires two different trees. Both stage 4 oncogenetic trees are marked diverged, up to five sublevels and the 17q gain is the most common event at the first level (2/3 nodes). Moreover the 11q deletion, one of the major unfavorable marker of disease progression, occurs before 3p loss indicating that critical chromosome aberrations appear at early stages of tumorigenesis. Finally, we also observed a significant (p   =   0.025) association between @entity1 age and chromosome loss in stage 4 cases. CONCLUSION: These results led us to propose a genome instability progressive model in which NB cells initiate with a DNA synthesis uncoupled from cell division, that leads to stage 4S @entity5 , primarily characterized by numerical aberrations, or stage 4 @entity5 with high levels of genome instability resulting in complex chromosome rearrangements associated with high @entity146 and rapid disease progression.

title: Genome instability model of XXXX tumorigenesis by a dictionary learning algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In advanced @entity158 @entity2720 of the ankle, the last resort is surgical treatment ( @entity3681 [ @entity3681 ] or total ankle replacement [TAR]). There is a controversy in the literature on which of the two procedures is more appropriate. A review of the literature was performed to clarify such a controversy. The first search engine was MedLine (keywords: total ankle replacement, @entity3681 ). Seventy articles were found in MedLine. Of these, only 16 were selected and reviewed because they were strictly focused on the topic of this article. The second search engine was the Cochrane Library, where only nine systematic reviews were found on the role of TAR and @entity3681 in non- @entity447 @entity1 . TAR and @entity3681 provide @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction in @entity447 @entity1 in the short term. The available non- @entity447 literature is insufficient to conclude which treatment is superior. My current view is that @entity3681 may be preferable in most @entity447 @entity1 .

title: Total ankle replacement or ankle fusion in XXXX advanced @entity2720 of the ankle.

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'ankle arthrodesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In advanced @entity158 @entity2720 of the ankle, the last resort is surgical treatment ( @entity3681 [ @entity3681 ] or total ankle replacement [TAR]). There is a controversy in the literature on which of the two procedures is more appropriate. A review of the literature was performed to clarify such a controversy. The first search engine was MedLine (keywords: total ankle replacement, @entity3681 ). Seventy articles were found in MedLine. Of these, only 16 were selected and reviewed because they were strictly focused on the topic of this article. The second search engine was the Cochrane Library, where only nine systematic reviews were found on the role of TAR and @entity3681 in non- @entity447 @entity1 . TAR and @entity3681 provide @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction in @entity447 @entity1 in the short term. The available non- @entity447 literature is insufficient to conclude which treatment is superior. My current view is that @entity3681 may be preferable in most @entity447 @entity1 .

title: Total ankle replacement or ankle fusion in @entity158 advanced XXXX of the ankle.

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is linked with an increased risk of suffering from @entity358 . This discovery from the 1960s led to the development of the protease-antiprotease (im)balance hypothesis: Overshooting protease concentrations, especially high levels of elastase were deemed to have an destructive effect on lung tissue. Consequently, it was postulated that efficient elastase inhibitors could alleviate the situation in @entity1 . However, despite intensive drug discovery efforts, even five decades later, no neutrophil elastase inhibitors are available for a disease-modifying treatment of (cardio) @entity358 such as @entity1030 . Here, we critically review the attempts to develop effective @entity1 neutrophil elastase inhibitors while strongly focussing on recent developments. On purpose and with perspective distortion we focus on recent developments. One aim of this review is to classify the known HNE inhibitors into several generations, according to their binding modes. In general, there seem to be three major challenges in the development of suitable elastase inhibitors: (1) assuring sufficient potency, (2) securing selectivity, and (3) achieving metabolic stability especially under pathophysiological conditions. @entity2420 have been made since 2001 with the identification of potent nonreactive, reversible small molecule inhibitors. The most modern inhibitors bind @entity13789 via an induced fit with a frozen bioactive conformation that leads to a significant boost in potency, selectivity, and stability ('pre-adaptive pharmacophores'). These 5th generation inhibitors might succeed in re-establishing the protease-antiprotease balance in @entity1 for the first time.

title: Neutrophil elastase inhibitors for the treatment of (cardio) XXXX : Into clinical testing with pre-adaptive pharmacophores.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung emphysema', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity2420 :: ('MESH:D010985', 'Disease') :: ['Impressive achievements']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant @entity5 stem cells (CSC) may associate with @entity5 relapse and @entity3 in @entity189 . @entity72191 is a specific @entity16221 -catenin antagonist that can block @entity16221 -catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance @entity3493 / @entity3546 -mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity72191 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of @entity72191 with @entity900 in the C666-1 EBV-positive @entity189 cells. Results showed that @entity72191 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. @entity72191 also inhibited C666-1 @entity5 sphere formation, accompanied with reduced @entity4731 (hi)/ @entity1759 (hi) CSC-like population. @entity72191 was also found to restore the expression of a @entity5 suppressive microRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ). Ectopic expression of @entity3373 effectively repressed @entity4731 protein expression and inhibited @entity5 sphere formation. Combination of @entity72191 with @entity900 synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of @entity189 xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the @entity16221 -catenin signaling pathway with @entity72191 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with @entity900 can effectively suppress the growth of @entity189 .

title: Therapeutic targeting of @entity16221 -catenin signaling reduces @entity5 stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive @entity189 cells with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant @entity5 stem cells (CSC) may associate with @entity5 relapse and @entity3 in @entity189 . @entity72191 is a specific @entity16221 -catenin antagonist that can block @entity16221 -catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance @entity3493 / @entity3546 -mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity72191 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of @entity72191 with @entity900 in the C666-1 EBV-positive @entity189 cells. Results showed that @entity72191 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. @entity72191 also inhibited C666-1 @entity5 sphere formation, accompanied with reduced @entity4731 (hi)/ @entity1759 (hi) CSC-like population. @entity72191 was also found to restore the expression of a @entity5 suppressive microRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ). Ectopic expression of @entity3373 effectively repressed @entity4731 protein expression and inhibited @entity5 sphere formation. Combination of @entity72191 with @entity900 synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of @entity189 xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the @entity16221 -catenin signaling pathway with @entity72191 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with @entity900 can effectively suppress the growth of @entity189 .

title: Therapeutic targeting of XXXX -catenin signaling reduces @entity5 stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive @entity189 cells with @entity900 .

answer: @entity16221 :: (1387,Gene) :: ['CBP/b']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant @entity5 stem cells (CSC) may associate with @entity5 relapse and @entity3 in @entity189 . @entity72191 is a specific @entity16221 -catenin antagonist that can block @entity16221 -catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance @entity3493 / @entity3546 -mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity72191 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of @entity72191 with @entity900 in the C666-1 EBV-positive @entity189 cells. Results showed that @entity72191 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. @entity72191 also inhibited C666-1 @entity5 sphere formation, accompanied with reduced @entity4731 (hi)/ @entity1759 (hi) CSC-like population. @entity72191 was also found to restore the expression of a @entity5 suppressive microRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ). Ectopic expression of @entity3373 effectively repressed @entity4731 protein expression and inhibited @entity5 sphere formation. Combination of @entity72191 with @entity900 synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of @entity189 xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the @entity16221 -catenin signaling pathway with @entity72191 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with @entity900 can effectively suppress the growth of @entity189 .

title: Therapeutic targeting of @entity16221 -catenin signaling reduces @entity5 stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive XXXX cells with @entity900 .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is an EBV-associated epithelial malignancy prevalent in southern China. Presence of treatment-resistant @entity5 stem cells (CSC) may associate with @entity5 relapse and @entity3 in @entity189 . @entity72191 is a specific @entity16221 -catenin antagonist that can block @entity16221 -catenin-mediated transcription of stem cell associated genes and enhance @entity3493 / @entity3546 -mediated transcription, thereby reducing the CSC-like population via forced differentiation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity72191 on the CSC-like population, and the combination effect of @entity72191 with @entity900 in the C666-1 EBV-positive @entity189 cells. Results showed that @entity72191 inhibited C666-1 cell growth and reduced expression of CSC-associated proteins with altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. @entity72191 also inhibited C666-1 @entity5 sphere formation, accompanied with reduced @entity4731 (hi)/ @entity1759 (hi) CSC-like population. @entity72191 was also found to restore the expression of a @entity5 suppressive microRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ). Ectopic expression of @entity3373 effectively repressed @entity4731 protein expression and inhibited @entity5 sphere formation. Combination of @entity72191 with @entity900 synergistically suppressed in vitro growth of C666-1 cells and significantly suppressed growth of @entity189 xenografts. These results suggested that therapeutically targeting of the @entity16221 -catenin signaling pathway with @entity72191 can effectively reduce the CSC-like population and combination with @entity900 can effectively suppress the growth of @entity189 .

title: Therapeutic targeting of @entity16221 -catenin signaling reduces XXXX stem-like population and synergistically suppresses growth of EBV-positive @entity189 cells with @entity900 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Ileocolonoscopy with biopsy of the ileum, ileocecal valve and cecum was performed on 32 @entity1 (22 males, 10 females) with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) with pauciarticular onset. Mean age at onset of disease was 12 years. @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) was diagnosed in 13 @entity1 ; the other 19 cases were classified as @entity625 with recurrent or persistent pauciarticular @entity603 . Twenty-two @entity1 (68%) were @entity1530 positive; 8 @entity1 (25%) carried the HLA-Bw62 antigen. Ileocolonoscopy was performed 6 months to 32 years after the initial manifestation of the disease (mean : 9 years). Fourteen @entity1 had macroscopic lesions of the ileum and ileocecal valve although only 8 of these had a history of intestinal complaints. Twenty-six @entity1 (81%) presented histological signs of gut @entity32 . Most of the gut abnormalities were classified as active @entity30 (19/26). Only 7 @entity1 had acute or @entity4577 . @entity697 were seen in only one @entity1 with @entity1691 . All but 2 @entity1 with @entity6592 , in whom signs of gut @entity32 were found, had active chronic lesions. All the 8 HLA-Bw62 positive @entity1 had histological evidence of gut @entity32 . Only @entity30 were found. In the majority of @entity1 with @entity4932 with pauciarticular onset, gut @entity32 was found on ileum biopsy. Some of their lesions are related to @entity30 , and the presence of the HLA-Bw62 antigen could predispose to the @entity625 seen in these cases.

title: Late onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: relation to gut XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lesions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'JCA']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial enteritis-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or Crohn-like lesions', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is among the most common @entity5 in the young male. Awareness plays an important role, because delay in diagnosis affects outcome. @entity10523 ( @entity10523 ) is controversial, but recent evidence shows some cost benefits in performing this exam versus a late-stage diagnosis. The aims of this study are to determine and compare awareness for @entity5 and @entity10523 in males and females with the actual knowledge to this disease in an academic population. An exploratory study using an online questionnaire about @entity5 and @entity10523 was performed in a public university. Answers were collected and submitted to statistical analysis. A total of 815 @entity1 -507 males (62.2  %) and 308 females (37.7  %)-answered the survey. The @entity1 that responded that they were aware of @entity5 were 399/507 (78.7  %) males and 275/308 (89.3  %) females. About half (48.9  %) of male and 42.2  % of female respondents did not answered correctly to most common symptom, and only 15  % of males and 25  % of females answered to the question on age at diagnosis. Both gender subjects rated @entity10523 as very important, and the majority of females were motivated to advise male partners or friends to perform @entity10523 . This study reported a good awareness on @entity5 and @entity10523 , but comparing to the correct knowledge about this disease, results are disappointing. The actual knowledge about @entity5 is low and comparable in @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 revealed a better understanding of this disease and importance of @entity10523 , suggesting that they can assume an important role in promoting health behaviors in @entity1 .

title: XXXX Awareness and Knowledge: Is It the Same? Exploratory Study in a Mixed-Gender Population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TC', 'Testicular cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular self-examination', 'TSE']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSES: Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) allow controlled distraction of the immature spine for the treatment of early onset @entity1635 . This study's primary aim was to determine the disparity between 'true' ( @entity8527 ) and 'intended' (ID) distraction. The secondary aim was to assess truncal growth and development during sequential lengthening. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with a maximum follow up of 37  months were included in the study. @entity1 in the study underwent three monthly distractions. The amount of @entity8527 was determined by measuring the expansion gap on dedicated fluoroscopic images of the actuator. The total @entity8527 to date was compared to the ID measurement reported on the @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ). Weight, sitting and standing heights were recorded at each distraction. RESULTS: The average number of three monthly distractions was 8. The true to intended distraction ratio was calculated as 0.33. @entity1 who had undergone previous surgery gained less distraction with a ratio of 0.30 compared to @entity1 undergoing MCGR as a primary procedure with a ratio of 0.35. Weight, sitting and standing heights increased in all @entity1 by an average of 3.1  kg, 2.3 and 5.2  cm per year. The Cobb angle following surgical correction was maintained in 19 of 21 @entity1 at the latest follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The TI ratio of 0.33 suggests that for every unit of distraction registered on the @entity2166 approximately 33  % of true distraction occurs in vivo. Increases in sitting and standing heights were observed in all @entity1 in the study.

title: Radiological and clinical assessment of the distraction achieved with remotely expandable growing rods in early onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['EAD', 'external adjustment device']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how well demographic and clinical factors predict the initiation of @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). BACKGROUND: @entity3457 has been suggested as a way to diminish overtreatment of @entity1 with @entity263 ; however, factors associated with the decision to choose @entity3457 are poorly quantified. METHODS: Using the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) registry we identified 2,977 @entity1 with @entity263 who made treatment decisions from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013. We used chi-square and Wilcoxon tests to examine the association between factors and initiation of @entity3457 . @entity2357 models were fit for D'Amico risk categories. Measures of model discrimination and calibration were estimated including area-under-the-curve (AUC) and Brier score (BS). RESULTS: @entity1 age, Gleason score (GS), clinical T-stage, urology practice, and @entity5 volume (greatest percent of a core involved with @entity5 (GPC) and proportion of positive cores) were associated with the decision in the intermediate-risk cohort (AUC = 0.875, BS = 0.07) and the complete cohort (AUC = 0.89, BS = 0.10). @entity1 age, urology practice, and @entity5 volume were significant in the low-risk cohort (AUC = 0.71, BS = 0.22). The addition of urology practice increased AUC in the low risk cohort from 0.71 to 0.76 and reduced BS score from 0.22 to 0.21. CONCLUSIONS: The urology practice at which a @entity1 is seen is an important predictor for whether @entity1 will initiate @entity3457 . Predictions were least accurate for low-risk @entity1 suggesting factors such as @entity1 preference, play a role in treatment decisions.

title: Factors Influencing Selection of @entity3457 for Localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic Regression']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Active Surveillance']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how well demographic and clinical factors predict the initiation of @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). BACKGROUND: @entity3457 has been suggested as a way to diminish overtreatment of @entity1 with @entity263 ; however, factors associated with the decision to choose @entity3457 are poorly quantified. METHODS: Using the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MUSIC) registry we identified 2,977 @entity1 with @entity263 who made treatment decisions from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013. We used chi-square and Wilcoxon tests to examine the association between factors and initiation of @entity3457 . @entity2357 models were fit for D'Amico risk categories. Measures of model discrimination and calibration were estimated including area-under-the-curve (AUC) and Brier score (BS). RESULTS: @entity1 age, Gleason score (GS), clinical T-stage, urology practice, and @entity5 volume (greatest percent of a core involved with @entity5 (GPC) and proportion of positive cores) were associated with the decision in the intermediate-risk cohort (AUC = 0.875, BS = 0.07) and the complete cohort (AUC = 0.89, BS = 0.10). @entity1 age, urology practice, and @entity5 volume were significant in the low-risk cohort (AUC = 0.71, BS = 0.22). The addition of urology practice increased AUC in the low risk cohort from 0.71 to 0.76 and reduced BS score from 0.22 to 0.21. CONCLUSIONS: The urology practice at which a @entity1 is seen is an important predictor for whether @entity1 will initiate @entity3457 . Predictions were least accurate for low-risk @entity1 suggesting factors such as @entity1 preference, play a role in treatment decisions.

title: Factors Influencing Selection of XXXX for Localized @entity263 .

answer: @entity3457 :: (OMIM:612348,Disease) :: ['Active Surveillance']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity1398 fevers at risk of @entity364 ( @entity364 ) are treated empirically with antifungal therapy (AFT). Early treatment using a @entity3129 ( @entity3129 ) strategy may reduce clinical and economic burdens. We compared costs and outcomes of both strategies from a UK perspective. METHODS: An empirical strategy with conventional @entity2379 deoxycholate (C-AmB), liposomal @entity2379 (L-AmB), or @entity11794 was compared with a @entity3129 strategy (initiated based on positive ELISA results for galactomannan antigen) and/or positive results for Aspergillus species on polymerase chain reaction assay) using C-AmB, @entity5074 , or L-AmB in a decision-analytic model. Rates of @entity364 incidence, overall mortality, and @entity364 -related mortality in adults expected to be @entity1398 for >= 10  days were obtained. The empirical strategy was assumed to identify 30% of @entity364 and targeted AFT to improve survival by a hazard ratio of 0.589. AFT-specific adverse events were obtained from a summary of product characteristics. Resource use was obtained, and costs were estimated by using standard UK costing sources. All costs are presented in 2012 British pounds sterling. FINDINGS: Total costs were 32% lower for the @entity3129 strategy (  1561.29) versus the empirical strategy (  2301.93) due to a reduced incidence of adverse events and decreased use of AFT. Administration of AFT was reduced by 41% ( @entity3129 strategy, 74 of 1000; empirical strategy, 125 of 1000), with similar survival rates. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that a @entity3129 strategy is likely to be cost-saving versus empirical treatment for immunocompromised @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity1398 fevers.

title: Economic Comparison of an Empirical Versus Diagnostic-Driven Strategy for Treating Invasive XXXX in Immunocompromised @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['diagnostic-driven', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['IFD', 'invasive fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity1398 fevers at risk of @entity364 ( @entity364 ) are treated empirically with antifungal therapy (AFT). Early treatment using a @entity3129 ( @entity3129 ) strategy may reduce clinical and economic burdens. We compared costs and outcomes of both strategies from a UK perspective. METHODS: An empirical strategy with conventional @entity2379 deoxycholate (C-AmB), liposomal @entity2379 (L-AmB), or @entity11794 was compared with a @entity3129 strategy (initiated based on positive ELISA results for galactomannan antigen) and/or positive results for Aspergillus species on polymerase chain reaction assay) using C-AmB, @entity5074 , or L-AmB in a decision-analytic model. Rates of @entity364 incidence, overall mortality, and @entity364 -related mortality in adults expected to be @entity1398 for >= 10  days were obtained. The empirical strategy was assumed to identify 30% of @entity364 and targeted AFT to improve survival by a hazard ratio of 0.589. AFT-specific adverse events were obtained from a summary of product characteristics. Resource use was obtained, and costs were estimated by using standard UK costing sources. All costs are presented in 2012 British pounds sterling. FINDINGS: Total costs were 32% lower for the @entity3129 strategy (  1561.29) versus the empirical strategy (  2301.93) due to a reduced incidence of adverse events and decreased use of AFT. Administration of AFT was reduced by 41% ( @entity3129 strategy, 74 of 1000; empirical strategy, 125 of 1000), with similar survival rates. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that a @entity3129 strategy is likely to be cost-saving versus empirical treatment for immunocompromised @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity1398 fevers.

title: Economic Comparison of an Empirical Versus Diagnostic-Driven Strategy for Treating Invasive @entity364 in Immunocompromised XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Data about @entity548 complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are more frequently obtained from randomized clinical trials on @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), but less frequently from surveys or registries on @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors and prognostic impact of in-hospital major @entity548 in the population of unselected real-world @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing primary PCI. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 presenting with @entity583 who underwent primary PCI at a single large tertiary healthcare center between January 2005 and July 2009, were studied. @entity548 was defined according to the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) study criteria. We examined the association between in-hospital major @entity548 and @entity204 or major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity1 treated with PCI. The primary outcomes were in-hospital and 6-month mortality and MACE. RESULTS: Of the 770 @entity583 @entity1 treated with primary PCI, in-hospital major @entity548 occurred in 32 (4.2%) @entity1 . Independent pre-dictors of major @entity548 were advanced age (>=  65 years), female gender, baseline @entity417 and @entity1503 (WBC) count and signs of @entity712 at admission (Killip class II-IV). In-hospital and 6 month mortality and MACE, rates were more than 2.5-fold-higher in @entity1 who developed major @entity548 compared with those who did not. @entity548 was predictor of 6-month MACE, independent of a few risk factors (previous MI, previous PCI, @entity6 and @entity101 ); (OR = 3.02; 95% CI for OR 1.20-7.61; p = 0.019) but was not a true independent predictor of MACE and mortality in the fully adjusted models. CONCLUSION: @entity1 of advanced age, female gender, with baseline @entity417 and elevated WBC count and those with Killip class II-IV at presentation are at particularly high risk of @entity548 after primary PCI. Bleeding is associated with adverse outcome and may be an important marker of @entity1 frailty, but it is not a true independent predictor of mortality/MACE.

title: Incidence, predictors and prognostic implications of XXXX complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Major bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['elevated white blood cell']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'acute STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Mouse anti-human CD3 (T3) antibodies can induce T cell proliferation in the presence of Fc receptor ( @entity6433 )-bearing accessory cells. Depending on whether the particular antibody can interact with the @entity6433 , it can be mitogenic or otherwise. Previously, some of us (Smith, K. G. C. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1986. 16:478) examined @entity1 T cell responses to the murine anti-CD3 antibody switch variants UCHT1 (IgG1) and UCHT1B (IgG2b). Using a novel xenogeneic system with @entity19 macrophages (M phi) and an anti- @entity6433 antibody, 2.4G2, we obtained direct evidence for accessory function of @entity6433 in these responses. However, @entity19 B cells which also possess @entity6433 were not accessory cells. Here we show that resting B cells do not inhibit anti-CD3 responses in the presence of other accessory cells, and they do not synergize with them. They appear to be inert in these responses but this is not simply because of their radiosensitivity. In contrast, B cell blasts proved to be potent stimulators of responses with UCHT1, UCHT1B and OKT3 (IgG2a). All three responses were inhibited by 2.4G2, whereas we have shown previously that the OKT3 response with M phi was not, in keeping with the known specificities of B cell and M phi @entity6433 . These findings are discussed in relation to the molecular cloning of @entity6433 , and we consider the possibility that distinct @entity6433 could be expressed on resting and activated B cells. A report that anti- @entity1454 ( @entity1454 ) antibodies blocked the UCHT1 response with @entity1 monocytes raised the possibility that this molecule might also be involved in accessory function. However, we show that this inhibition is in fact at the level of the T cell, since anti-human, but not anti-mouse @entity1454 antibodies, inhibited proliferative responses and clustering with both @entity1 and @entity19 accessory cells. Our results demonstrate that the principal contribution of accessory cells to anti-CD3 responses may be the provision of an @entity6433 , and that @entity1454 is most probably required at the level of the T cell.

title: T cell activation by anti-CD3 antibodies: function of Fc receptors on B cell blasts, but not resting B cells, and XXXX on the responding T cells.

answer: @entity1454 :: (3689,Gene) :: ['CD18']


abstract: Specialized germ cell-somatic cell relationships were surveyed in the testis of species representative of four classes of non- @entity1 vertebrates. Desmosome-like junctions were present in all classes studied. In the teleost fish studied ( @entity2084 ; @entity2084 ), small, infrequent desmosomes, seen between the spherical cyst cells and spermatocytes, were characterized by poorly represented subsurface densities. In the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), similar desmosome-like junctions were found between cyst cell processes and spermatocytes. Reptilian (turtle; Pseudameys scripta) desmosome-like junctions between Sertoli cells and germ cells were heterogeneous and more numerous than those junctions found in fish and amphibians. In general, the reptilian desmosome-like junctions were extensive structures displaying 10 nm filaments associated with the Sertoli cell component of the junctions. Regions within the desmosome where the two plasma membranes converged suggested that gap junctions were a component of the desmosome-like junctions. "Desmosome-gap" junctions persisted in turtle spermatids for sometime after nuclear elongation had commenced. In birds ( @entity1573 ; @entity1573 ), "desmosome-gap" junctions, similar to those seen in turtles were described between both spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, and spermatids and Sertoli cells. These junctions were frequently lined by saccules of endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of gap junctions suggest the evolution of mechanisms for somatic cell-germ cell communication although more species should be examined to confirm this hypothesis.

title: Germ cell-somatic cell relationships: a comparative study of intercellular junctions during spermatogenesis in selected non- XXXX vertebrates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus domesticus', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity2084 :: ('13106', 'Species') :: ['Lepomis macrochirus', 'bluegill']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Survival, @entity75 and shunt patency were studied in 64 consecutive @entity1 who underwent mesocaval shunting with a wide-calibre Dacron prosthesis. Half of the @entity1 were operated as emergency cases. Operative @entity190 in @entity1 who had emergency procedures was significantly higher than during elective operations. Overall, 30-day mortality was 27 per cent. Survival was 61 per cent after 1 year and 39 per cent after 5 years. Serious @entity75 requiring hospital admission occurred in 5 @entity1 (11 per cent of @entity1 surviving more than 1 month). Shunt patency was assessed by scintisplenoportography and ultrasonography. Cumulative shunt occlusion rate was 16 per cent after 1 year, 33 per cent after 5 years and 52 per cent after 8 years of follow-up. Out of 17 @entity1 with an occluded shunt, 9 had persistent or recurrent @entity548 , while 3 @entity1 had recurrent @entity548 despite a patent shunt. We conclude that the mesocaval Dacron interposition shunt should not be recommended as the procedure of first choice for portosystemic shunting.

title: Late results of mesocaval interposition shunting for XXXX oesophageal varices.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of the radiographs of the shoulder in 511 @entity1 examined for acute @entity130 was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the apical oblique view (45 degrees posterior oblique with 45 degrees caudal angulation of the central ray). Each study included anteroposterior, transthoracic lateral, and scapular "Y" (60 degrees anterior oblique) views as well as the apical oblique projection. Radiographic evidence of injury detected on each view was recorded. The apical oblique view detected 153 (81%) of the 190 injuries. @entity854 were seen only in this view. These included 11 glenoid rim fractures, seven @entity1051 , one posterior subluxation, and one case of soft-tissue @entity730 . Additional clinically useful information, such as @entity174 extension into the joint space and displacement of clavicular @entity174 fragments, was also uniquely provided in this view. The anteroposterior view was more effective than the apical oblique view in detecting acute shoulder injuries, showing 168 (88%) injuries. However, the two views were often complementary, and in this series, if only the anteroposterior and apical oblique views had been obtained, 188 of 190 injuries would have been seen. The results show that the apical oblique view is useful for the detection of shoulder injuries.

title: The apical oblique view of the shoulder: its usefulness in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['Hill-Sachs lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Twenty abnormalities']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The radiographic appearance of @entity1141 , a precancerous histologic change that is frequently present in colitic colons at high risk for @entity5 , was analyzed. Over a 5-year period, 170 @entity1 with long-standing @entity31 participated in a @entity5 surveillance program at our institution. On entry, all @entity1 underwent radiography with a double-contrast barium enema and colonoscopy with multiple random biopsies. All radiographs were reviewed retrospectively and were correlated with the colonoscopic and histologic findings. @entity1141 , ranging from mild to severe, was found in the biopsy specimens from 26 (15%) of these @entity1 (in 59 different regions). Thirteen of the 26 @entity1 with @entity1141 had colectomies, and the specimens were available for review. Most @entity1141 is not radiographically visible, as was the case in 40 (68%) of the 59 regions found histologically to have @entity1141 . In the 19 regions in which @entity1141 was visible radiographically, it appeared as a solitary nodule or as several separate nodules in 11 (19%) of the 59 regions or as a close grouping of multiple adjacent nodules with apposed, flattened edges in 8 (14%) of the 59 regions. The radiographic finding of a nodule or of several separate nodules was not specific because these nodules were indistinguishable from the inflammatory nodules often present in colitic colons. On the other hand, the radiographic finding of a close grouping of adjacent nodules with apposed, flattened edges was associated with @entity1141 50% of the time. This radiographic appearance was seen in five of our 26 @entity1 who had @entity1141 . Our study shows that barium examinations are useful in some @entity1 with chronic @entity31 by suggesting the presence of @entity1141 and directing the endoscopist to specific locations for biopsy.

title: Radiographic appearance of mucosal dysplasia associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Defective natural killer (NK) cell populations from @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), that reacted with both @entity4755 + and B73.1+ antibodies, were obtained by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). These fractions, along with NK fractions from normal donors which reacted with both antibodies, were expanded as bulk cultures or clones by limiting dilution, for 4 weeks in the presence of 10% @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity1 type AB plasma, and irradiated @entity1 allogeneic mononuclear cells. Successfully established clones from @entity1 with @entity1860 , with lytic activity against autologous and more differentiated neoplastic granulocytes, were generated more efficiently from B73.1+ than from @entity4755 + subsets. However, there were no significant differences among the generations of B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones for both @entity1 and normal donors with lytic activity against NK susceptible K-562 targets. Fresh myeloblast preparations from a @entity9638 were found to be more susceptible to lysis by @entity1199 -proliferative B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones than were fresh myelocyte preparations from a @entity2212 @entity1 , which were lytically susceptible to only B73.1+ clones. B73.1+ and @entity4755 + subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 demonstrated major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted killing, and showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3+T8+ or B73.1+T3+T8- from B73.1+ subsets; and @entity4755 -T3+T8+ (initially @entity4755 +) from @entity4755 + subsets. In contrast, B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones from normal donors showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3-T8-; and @entity4755 -T3-T8- or @entity4755 -T3-T8+ (initially all @entity4755 +). Short-term in vitro @entity1199 or interferon treatment of fresh NK defective subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 resulted in minimal cytotoxic augmentation. In contrast, defective NK cells from @entity1860 @entity1 , whether @entity4755 + or B73.1+ subsets, proliferated with complete regeneration of cytolytic activity after a 3-4 week exposure to @entity1199 , but differed in phenotypic profiles as compared to those of normal donors. These observations imply that not only fresh defective NK cells but also the cytotoxically restored clones from @entity1860 @entity1 are derived from different NK subsets and may represent undifferentiated forms of NK cells that may be arrested at an early stage of development by yet unknown mechanism(s). In vitro substantiation of @entity1778 cell killing by @entity1199 -proliferative NK cell clones is encouraging and may allow for new in vivo immunotherapeutic modalities in @entity1860 @entity1 .

title: Natural killer (NK) cell immunodeficiency in @entity1 with XXXX . II. Successful cloning and amplification of natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase CML']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['autologous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Defective natural killer (NK) cell populations from @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), that reacted with both @entity4755 + and B73.1+ antibodies, were obtained by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). These fractions, along with NK fractions from normal donors which reacted with both antibodies, were expanded as bulk cultures or clones by limiting dilution, for 4 weeks in the presence of 10% @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity1 type AB plasma, and irradiated @entity1 allogeneic mononuclear cells. Successfully established clones from @entity1 with @entity1860 , with lytic activity against autologous and more differentiated neoplastic granulocytes, were generated more efficiently from B73.1+ than from @entity4755 + subsets. However, there were no significant differences among the generations of B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones for both @entity1 and normal donors with lytic activity against NK susceptible K-562 targets. Fresh myeloblast preparations from a @entity9638 were found to be more susceptible to lysis by @entity1199 -proliferative B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones than were fresh myelocyte preparations from a @entity2212 @entity1 , which were lytically susceptible to only B73.1+ clones. B73.1+ and @entity4755 + subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 demonstrated major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted killing, and showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3+T8+ or B73.1+T3+T8- from B73.1+ subsets; and @entity4755 -T3+T8+ (initially @entity4755 +) from @entity4755 + subsets. In contrast, B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones from normal donors showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3-T8-; and @entity4755 -T3-T8- or @entity4755 -T3-T8+ (initially all @entity4755 +). Short-term in vitro @entity1199 or interferon treatment of fresh NK defective subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 resulted in minimal cytotoxic augmentation. In contrast, defective NK cells from @entity1860 @entity1 , whether @entity4755 + or B73.1+ subsets, proliferated with complete regeneration of cytolytic activity after a 3-4 week exposure to @entity1199 , but differed in phenotypic profiles as compared to those of normal donors. These observations imply that not only fresh defective NK cells but also the cytotoxically restored clones from @entity1860 @entity1 are derived from different NK subsets and may represent undifferentiated forms of NK cells that may be arrested at an early stage of development by yet unknown mechanism(s). In vitro substantiation of @entity1778 cell killing by @entity1199 -proliferative NK cell clones is encouraging and may allow for new in vivo immunotherapeutic modalities in @entity1860 @entity1 .

title: Natural killer (NK) cell immunodeficiency in XXXX with @entity1860 . II. Successful cloning and amplification of natural killer cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']