abstract: BACKGROUND: The WHO declared the 2014 west African @entity2598 a public health emergency of international concern in view of its potential for further international spread. Decision makers worldwide are in need of empirical data to inform and implement emergency response measures. Our aim was to assess the potential for Ebola virus to spread across international borders via commercial air travel and assess the relative efficiency of exit versus entry screening of travellers at commercial airports. METHODS: We analysed International Air Transport Association data for worldwide flight schedules between @entity21287 , 2014, and Dec 31, 2014, and historic traveller flight itinerary data from 2013 to describe expected global population movements via commercial air travel out of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Coupled with Ebola virus surveillance data, we modelled the expected number of internationally exported Ebola @entity778 , the potential effect of air travel restrictions, and the efficiency of airport-based traveller screening at international ports of entry and exit. We deemed individuals initiating travel from any domestic or international airport within these three countries to have possible exposure to Ebola virus. We deemed all other travellers to have no significant risk of exposure to Ebola virus. FINDINGS: Based on epidemic conditions and international flight restrictions to and from Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone as of @entity21287 , 2014 (reductions in passenger seats by 51% for Liberia, 66% for Guinea, and 85% for Sierra Leone), our model projects 2.8 travellers infected with Ebola virus departing the above three countries via commercial flights, on average, every month. 91,547 (64%) of all air travellers departing Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone had expected destinations in @entity258 and lower-middle-income countries. Screening international travellers departing three airports would enable health assessments of all travellers at highest risk of exposure to @entity2598 . INTERPRETATION: Decision makers must carefully balance the potential harms from travel restrictions imposed on countries that have Ebola virus activity against any potential reductions in risk from Ebola virus importations. Exit screening of travellers at airports in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone would be the most efficient frontier at which to assess the health status of travellers at risk of Ebola virus exposure, however, this intervention might require international support to implement effectively. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

title: Assessment of the potential for international XXXX via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infections']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola epidemic', 'Ebola virus infection']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['dissemination of Ebola virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 treated with @entity935 agonist therapy can develop maladaptive reward-driven behaviors, known as @entity23 ( @entity23 ). In this study, we assessed if @entity23 @entity1 have evidence of motor-impulsivity. METHODS: We used the stop-signal task in a cohort of @entity1 with and without active symptoms of @entity23 to evaluate motor-impulsivity. Of those with @entity191 , 12 were diagnosed with @entity23 symptoms ( @entity191 ) and were assessed before clinical reduction of @entity935 agonist medication; 12 were without symptoms of @entity23 [ @entity191 -control] and taking equivalent dosages of @entity935 agonist. Levodopa, if present, was maintained in both settings. Groups were similar in age, duration, and severity of motor symptoms, levodopa co-therapy, and total levodopa daily dose. All were tested in the @entity935 agonist medicated and acutely withdrawn (24h) state, in a counterbalanced manner. Primary outcome measures were mean reaction time to correct go trials (go reaction time), and mean stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). RESULTS: @entity23 @entity1 produce faster SSRT than both Healthy Controls, and @entity191 -Controls. Faster SSRT in @entity23 @entity1 is apparent in both @entity935 agonist medication states. Also, we show unique @entity935 medication effects on Go Reaction time (GoRT). In @entity935 agonist monotherapy @entity1 , @entity935 agonist administration speeds GoRT. Conversely, in those with levodopa co-therapy, @entity935 agonist administration slows. DISCUSSION: @entity191 @entity1 with active @entity23 symptoms are significantly faster at stopping initiated motor actions, and this is not altered by acute @entity935 agonist withdrawal. In addition, the effect of @entity935 agonist on GoRT is strongly influenced by the presence or absence of levodopa, even though levodopa co-therapy does not appear to influence SSRT. We discuss these findings as they pertain to the multifaceted definition of 'impulsivity,' the lack of evidence for motor-impulsivity in @entity191 , and @entity935 effects on motor-control in @entity191 .

title: Proficient motor impulse control in @entity191 @entity1 with XXXX and compulsive behaviors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'impulse control disorder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD-ICD', 'PD']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulsive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 treated with @entity935 agonist therapy can develop maladaptive reward-driven behaviors, known as @entity23 ( @entity23 ). In this study, we assessed if @entity23 @entity1 have evidence of motor-impulsivity. METHODS: We used the stop-signal task in a cohort of @entity1 with and without active symptoms of @entity23 to evaluate motor-impulsivity. Of those with @entity191 , 12 were diagnosed with @entity23 symptoms ( @entity191 ) and were assessed before clinical reduction of @entity935 agonist medication; 12 were without symptoms of @entity23 [ @entity191 -control] and taking equivalent dosages of @entity935 agonist. Levodopa, if present, was maintained in both settings. Groups were similar in age, duration, and severity of motor symptoms, levodopa co-therapy, and total levodopa daily dose. All were tested in the @entity935 agonist medicated and acutely withdrawn (24h) state, in a counterbalanced manner. Primary outcome measures were mean reaction time to correct go trials (go reaction time), and mean stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). RESULTS: @entity23 @entity1 produce faster SSRT than both Healthy Controls, and @entity191 -Controls. Faster SSRT in @entity23 @entity1 is apparent in both @entity935 agonist medication states. Also, we show unique @entity935 medication effects on Go Reaction time (GoRT). In @entity935 agonist monotherapy @entity1 , @entity935 agonist administration speeds GoRT. Conversely, in those with levodopa co-therapy, @entity935 agonist administration slows. DISCUSSION: @entity191 @entity1 with active @entity23 symptoms are significantly faster at stopping initiated motor actions, and this is not altered by acute @entity935 agonist withdrawal. In addition, the effect of @entity935 agonist on GoRT is strongly influenced by the presence or absence of levodopa, even though levodopa co-therapy does not appear to influence SSRT. We discuss these findings as they pertain to the multifaceted definition of 'impulsivity,' the lack of evidence for motor-impulsivity in @entity191 , and @entity935 effects on motor-control in @entity191 .

title: Proficient motor impulse control in XXXX @entity1 with @entity23 and compulsive behaviors.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 treated with @entity935 agonist therapy can develop maladaptive reward-driven behaviors, known as @entity23 ( @entity23 ). In this study, we assessed if @entity23 @entity1 have evidence of motor-impulsivity. METHODS: We used the stop-signal task in a cohort of @entity1 with and without active symptoms of @entity23 to evaluate motor-impulsivity. Of those with @entity191 , 12 were diagnosed with @entity23 symptoms ( @entity191 ) and were assessed before clinical reduction of @entity935 agonist medication; 12 were without symptoms of @entity23 [ @entity191 -control] and taking equivalent dosages of @entity935 agonist. Levodopa, if present, was maintained in both settings. Groups were similar in age, duration, and severity of motor symptoms, levodopa co-therapy, and total levodopa daily dose. All were tested in the @entity935 agonist medicated and acutely withdrawn (24h) state, in a counterbalanced manner. Primary outcome measures were mean reaction time to correct go trials (go reaction time), and mean stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). RESULTS: @entity23 @entity1 produce faster SSRT than both Healthy Controls, and @entity191 -Controls. Faster SSRT in @entity23 @entity1 is apparent in both @entity935 agonist medication states. Also, we show unique @entity935 medication effects on Go Reaction time (GoRT). In @entity935 agonist monotherapy @entity1 , @entity935 agonist administration speeds GoRT. Conversely, in those with levodopa co-therapy, @entity935 agonist administration slows. DISCUSSION: @entity191 @entity1 with active @entity23 symptoms are significantly faster at stopping initiated motor actions, and this is not altered by acute @entity935 agonist withdrawal. In addition, the effect of @entity935 agonist on GoRT is strongly influenced by the presence or absence of levodopa, even though levodopa co-therapy does not appear to influence SSRT. We discuss these findings as they pertain to the multifaceted definition of 'impulsivity,' the lack of evidence for motor-impulsivity in @entity191 , and @entity935 effects on motor-control in @entity191 .

title: Proficient motor impulse control in @entity191 XXXX with @entity23 and compulsive behaviors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The central dogma of @entity105 is that deleterious mutations accumulate in regularly cycling stem cells and eventually one of the cells will acquire a specific set of mutations which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Each mutation is rare and the specific set is extremely rare so that even though there are millions of stem cells in a small area of mucosa the specific set of mutations to initiate the process of @entity5 will only arise in one stem cell at most; hence @entity5 is clonal. But this model predicts that @entity1 , who are 1000 times larger than @entity19 and live 30 times as long, should have a vastly increased risk of @entity5 compared with @entity19 , but they don't ( @entity1 - @entity19 paradox). The model also predicts that the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 should rise as power function of age and mutagen dose, the former is correct but not the latter (Peto's paradox). Furthermore there are more mitotic divisions in red cell precursors than in all other stem cells combined and yet erythroleukaemia is rare (red cell paradox). The central dogma is also challenged by @entity32648 ; the observation that some @entity4056 are polyclonal in origin. The problem with the central dogma is the concept of a regularly cycling stem cell. In fact it is possible to produce all the cells that arise in a @entity1 lifetime with fewer than 60 rounds of DNA replication separating the zygote from mature differentiated cells in extreme old age. This hierarchical model of stem cell genesis leads to a very low prevalence of @entity5 , unless the orderly progression of the hierarchy is disturbed by @entity32 , ulceration or @entity130 . This model explains the paradoxes and @entity32648 . It is suggested that the number of cell divisions that separate the zygote from stem cells is a key variable in @entity105 .

title: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis explains the XXXX @entity19 paradox, Peto's paradox, the red cell paradox and @entity32648 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity32648 :: ('MESH:C536749', 'Disease') :: ["Wright's enigma"]

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The central dogma of @entity105 is that deleterious mutations accumulate in regularly cycling stem cells and eventually one of the cells will acquire a specific set of mutations which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Each mutation is rare and the specific set is extremely rare so that even though there are millions of stem cells in a small area of mucosa the specific set of mutations to initiate the process of @entity5 will only arise in one stem cell at most; hence @entity5 is clonal. But this model predicts that @entity1 , who are 1000 times larger than @entity19 and live 30 times as long, should have a vastly increased risk of @entity5 compared with @entity19 , but they don't ( @entity1 - @entity19 paradox). The model also predicts that the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 should rise as power function of age and mutagen dose, the former is correct but not the latter (Peto's paradox). Furthermore there are more mitotic divisions in red cell precursors than in all other stem cells combined and yet erythroleukaemia is rare (red cell paradox). The central dogma is also challenged by @entity32648 ; the observation that some @entity4056 are polyclonal in origin. The problem with the central dogma is the concept of a regularly cycling stem cell. In fact it is possible to produce all the cells that arise in a @entity1 lifetime with fewer than 60 rounds of DNA replication separating the zygote from mature differentiated cells in extreme old age. This hierarchical model of stem cell genesis leads to a very low prevalence of @entity5 , unless the orderly progression of the hierarchy is disturbed by @entity32 , ulceration or @entity130 . This model explains the paradoxes and @entity32648 . It is suggested that the number of cell divisions that separate the zygote from stem cells is a key variable in @entity105 .

title: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis explains the @entity1 @entity19 paradox, Peto's paradox, the red cell paradox and XXXX .

answer: @entity32648 :: (MESH:C536749,Disease) :: ['Wright's enigma']


abstract: The central dogma of @entity105 is that deleterious mutations accumulate in regularly cycling stem cells and eventually one of the cells will acquire a specific set of mutations which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Each mutation is rare and the specific set is extremely rare so that even though there are millions of stem cells in a small area of mucosa the specific set of mutations to initiate the process of @entity5 will only arise in one stem cell at most; hence @entity5 is clonal. But this model predicts that @entity1 , who are 1000 times larger than @entity19 and live 30 times as long, should have a vastly increased risk of @entity5 compared with @entity19 , but they don't ( @entity1 - @entity19 paradox). The model also predicts that the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 should rise as power function of age and mutagen dose, the former is correct but not the latter (Peto's paradox). Furthermore there are more mitotic divisions in red cell precursors than in all other stem cells combined and yet erythroleukaemia is rare (red cell paradox). The central dogma is also challenged by @entity32648 ; the observation that some @entity4056 are polyclonal in origin. The problem with the central dogma is the concept of a regularly cycling stem cell. In fact it is possible to produce all the cells that arise in a @entity1 lifetime with fewer than 60 rounds of DNA replication separating the zygote from mature differentiated cells in extreme old age. This hierarchical model of stem cell genesis leads to a very low prevalence of @entity5 , unless the orderly progression of the hierarchy is disturbed by @entity32 , ulceration or @entity130 . This model explains the paradoxes and @entity32648 . It is suggested that the number of cell divisions that separate the zygote from stem cells is a key variable in @entity105 .

title: The hierarchical model of stem cell genesis explains the @entity1 XXXX paradox, Peto's paradox, the red cell paradox and @entity32648 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of composite oral @entity154 in the setting of prior surgery and radiotherapy presents a significant challenge. Although free tissue transfer has shown success in such situations, it is not without considerable risk. Regional pedicled flaps may provide a more suitable alternative. In certain @entity1 , however, severe soft tissue @entity82 makes more conventional regional flaps impractical or impossible. In these situations, temporalis flaps (temporalis muscle and temporoparietal fascia flaps) are versatile options for coverage of complex defects. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience using pedicled temporalis flaps for reconstruction of composite oral @entity154 in @entity1 with significant co-morbidities and prior treatment. METHODS: Three @entity1 were identified and their medical records were reviewed. Their clinical courses and functional outcomes are described. We include a discussion of the operative technique and relevant literature. RESULTS: All @entity1 had previously undergone extensive treatment. One @entity1 needed reconstruction after resection of a third head and neck @entity5 and two @entity1 presented for treatment of @entity7190 . A temporalis muscle flap was used to reconstruct composite oral @entity154 in two @entity1 and a combined temporalis muscle and temporoparietal fascia flap was used for independent defects in one @entity1 . All flaps survived. Functional status and @entity158 improved or stabilized in all @entity1 . There were no major or minor complications. CONCLUSION: In previously treated fields, where more conventional flaps are impractical, temporalis flaps are a suitable alternative to achieve a @entity5749 wound and prevent worsening of functional status.

title: Reconstruction of composite oral XXXX with temporalis flaps after prior treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cavity defects']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable healing']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['cavity defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and is still associated with a poor prognosis in @entity1442 . To improve the standard therapy with @entity136 , we initiated a prospective randomised phase-II trial with @entity136 (GEM) versus @entity136 plus @entity2240 (SUNGEM) based on data of in vitro trials and phase-I data for the combination treatment. The rational of adding @entity2240 was its putative antiangiogenic mechanism of action. METHODS: A total of 106 eligible @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic @entity1124 without previous system therapy were randomised to receive GEM at a dosage of 1.000mg/m(2) d1, 8, 15 q28 versus a combination of SUNGEM at a dosage of GEM 1.000mg/m(2) d1+8 and @entity2240 50mg p.o. d1-14, q21d. The primary end-point was progression free survival (PFS), secondary end-points were overall survival (OS), @entity137 and overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS: The confirmatory analysis of PFS was based on the intend-to-treat (ITT) population (N=106). The median PFS was 13.3weeks (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 10.4-18.1weeks) for GEM and 11.6weeks for SUNGEM (95%-CI: 7.0-18.0weeks; p=0.78 one-sided log-rank). The ORR was 6.1% (95%-CI: 0.7-20.2%) for GEM and for 7.1% (95%-CI: 0.9-23.5%) for SUNGEM (p=0.87). The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 14.0weeks (95%-CI: 12.4-22.3weeks) for GEM and 18.0weeks (95%-CI: 11.3-19.3weeks) for SUNGEM (p=0.60; two-sided log-rank). The median OS was 36.7weeks (95%-CI: 20.6-49.0weeks) for the GEM arm and 30.4weeks (95%-CI: 18.1-37.6weeks) for the SUNGEM (p=0.78, one-sided log-rank). In regard to @entity137 , suspected SAEs were reported in 53.7% in the GEM arm and 71.2% in the SUNGEM arm. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 was statistically significantly higher in the SUNGEM arm with 48.1% versus 27.8% in the GEM arm (p=0.045, two sided log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: The combination SUNGEM was not sufficient superior in locally advanced or metastatic @entity1124 compared to GEM alone in regard to efficacy but was associated with more @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised phase-II trial with @entity136 versus @entity136 plus XXXX in advanced pancreatic cancer: A study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research-EWIV.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and is still associated with a poor prognosis in @entity1442 . To improve the standard therapy with @entity136 , we initiated a prospective randomised phase-II trial with @entity136 (GEM) versus @entity136 plus @entity2240 (SUNGEM) based on data of in vitro trials and phase-I data for the combination treatment. The rational of adding @entity2240 was its putative antiangiogenic mechanism of action. METHODS: A total of 106 eligible @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic @entity1124 without previous system therapy were randomised to receive GEM at a dosage of 1.000mg/m(2) d1, 8, 15 q28 versus a combination of SUNGEM at a dosage of GEM 1.000mg/m(2) d1+8 and @entity2240 50mg p.o. d1-14, q21d. The primary end-point was progression free survival (PFS), secondary end-points were overall survival (OS), @entity137 and overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS: The confirmatory analysis of PFS was based on the intend-to-treat (ITT) population (N=106). The median PFS was 13.3weeks (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 10.4-18.1weeks) for GEM and 11.6weeks for SUNGEM (95%-CI: 7.0-18.0weeks; p=0.78 one-sided log-rank). The ORR was 6.1% (95%-CI: 0.7-20.2%) for GEM and for 7.1% (95%-CI: 0.9-23.5%) for SUNGEM (p=0.87). The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 14.0weeks (95%-CI: 12.4-22.3weeks) for GEM and 18.0weeks (95%-CI: 11.3-19.3weeks) for SUNGEM (p=0.60; two-sided log-rank). The median OS was 36.7weeks (95%-CI: 20.6-49.0weeks) for the GEM arm and 30.4weeks (95%-CI: 18.1-37.6weeks) for the SUNGEM (p=0.78, one-sided log-rank). In regard to @entity137 , suspected SAEs were reported in 53.7% in the GEM arm and 71.2% in the SUNGEM arm. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 was statistically significantly higher in the SUNGEM arm with 48.1% versus 27.8% in the GEM arm (p=0.045, two sided log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: The combination SUNGEM was not sufficient superior in locally advanced or metastatic @entity1124 compared to GEM alone in regard to efficacy but was associated with more @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised phase-II trial with XXXX versus @entity136 plus @entity2240 in advanced pancreatic cancer: A study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research-EWIV.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is one of the most common @entity5 and is still associated with a poor prognosis in @entity1442 . To improve the standard therapy with @entity136 , we initiated a prospective randomised phase-II trial with @entity136 (GEM) versus @entity136 plus @entity2240 (SUNGEM) based on data of in vitro trials and phase-I data for the combination treatment. The rational of adding @entity2240 was its putative antiangiogenic mechanism of action. METHODS: A total of 106 eligible @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic @entity1124 without previous system therapy were randomised to receive GEM at a dosage of 1.000mg/m(2) d1, 8, 15 q28 versus a combination of SUNGEM at a dosage of GEM 1.000mg/m(2) d1+8 and @entity2240 50mg p.o. d1-14, q21d. The primary end-point was progression free survival (PFS), secondary end-points were overall survival (OS), @entity137 and overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS: The confirmatory analysis of PFS was based on the intend-to-treat (ITT) population (N=106). The median PFS was 13.3weeks (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 10.4-18.1weeks) for GEM and 11.6weeks for SUNGEM (95%-CI: 7.0-18.0weeks; p=0.78 one-sided log-rank). The ORR was 6.1% (95%-CI: 0.7-20.2%) for GEM and for 7.1% (95%-CI: 0.9-23.5%) for SUNGEM (p=0.87). The median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) was 14.0weeks (95%-CI: 12.4-22.3weeks) for GEM and 18.0weeks (95%-CI: 11.3-19.3weeks) for SUNGEM (p=0.60; two-sided log-rank). The median OS was 36.7weeks (95%-CI: 20.6-49.0weeks) for the GEM arm and 30.4weeks (95%-CI: 18.1-37.6weeks) for the SUNGEM (p=0.78, one-sided log-rank). In regard to @entity137 , suspected SAEs were reported in 53.7% in the GEM arm and 71.2% in the SUNGEM arm. Grade 3 and 4 @entity1398 was statistically significantly higher in the SUNGEM arm with 48.1% versus 27.8% in the GEM arm (p=0.045, two sided log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: The combination SUNGEM was not sufficient superior in locally advanced or metastatic @entity1124 compared to GEM alone in regard to efficacy but was associated with more @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised phase-II trial with @entity136 versus XXXX plus @entity2240 in advanced pancreatic cancer: A study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research-EWIV.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management for early onset @entity1635 has recently changed, with the development of new surgical procedures. However, multiple surgeries are often required and high complication rates are still reported. Conservative management remains an alternative, serial casting achieving excellent results in young @entity1 . Better compliance and improvement over natural history have been reported with night-time bracing in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ), but this treatment has never been reported in early onset @entity2112 (EIOS). METHODS: All @entity1 treated for progressive EOIS by detorsion night-time bracing (DNB), and meeting the @entity1635 ( @entity1635 ) criteria for brace studies were reviewed. Recommendations were given to wear the DNB 8h/night and no restriction was given regarding sports activities. Radiological parameters were compared between referral and latest follow-up. Based on the @entity1635 criteria defined for @entity1615 , a similar classification was used as follows to analyze the course of the curves: success group: @entity1 with a progression of 5   or less; unsuccess group (progression or failure): @entity1 with a progression>5  , @entity1 with curves exceeding 45   at maturity, or who have had recommendation for/undergone surgery, or @entity1 who changed orthopaedic treatment, or who were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were included (21 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ), with a median Cobb angle of 31   (Q1-Q3: 22-40). Age at brace initiation averaged 50months (Q1-Q3: 25-60). Median follow-up was 102-months (Q1-Q3: 63-125). Fifteen @entity1 (45.5%) had reached skeletal maturity at last follow-up. The success rate was 67% (22 @entity1 ), with a median Cobb angle reduction of 15   (P<0.001). Four @entity1 stopped DNB due to an important regression. Eleven @entity1 were in the unsuccessful group (33%). Only one had surgery. All @entity1 remained balanced in the frontal plane and normokyphotic. Initial curve magnitude and age at brace initiation appeared to be important prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: DNB is an effective conservative treatment, which can be considered a delaying tactic in the management of EOIS. This brace offers potential psychosocial and compliance benefits, and allows unconstrained spinal and chest wall growth, resulting in normokyphosis at maturity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study (retrospective consecutive case series): Level IV.

title: Detorsion night-time bracing for the treatment of early onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'Scoliosis Research Society', 'SRS']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laccases are @entity920 -containing enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of phenolic substrates. METHODS: We describe the first poriferan laccase from the marine demosponge @entity53180 . RESULTS: This enzyme comprises three characteristic multicopper oxidase homologous domains. Immunohistological studies revealed that the highest expression of the laccase is in the surface zone of the animals. The expression level of the laccase gene is strongly upregulated after exposure of the animals to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. To allow the binding of the recombinant enzyme to ferromagnetic nanoparticles, a recombinant laccase was prepared which contained in addition to the His-tag, a @entity367 -tag at the N-terminus of the enzyme. The recombinant laccase was enzymatically active. The apparent Michaelis constant of the enzyme is 114 M, using @entity44400 as substrate. Exposure of @entity526 to the nanoparticles, coated with @entity367 -tagged laccase, and to the mediator @entity51351 in the presence of lignin, as the oxidizable substrate, resulted in an almost complete inhibition of colony formation. Quantitative studies of the effect of the laccase-coated @entity1933 nanoparticles were performed using @entity526 grown in suspension in reaction tubes within a magnetic nanoparticle separator. CONCLUSIONS: This newly designed magnetic nanoparticle separator allowed a removal of the nanoparticles after terminating the reaction. Using this system, a strong dose-dependent inhibition of the growth of @entity526 by the laccase @entity1933 nanoparticles was determined. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: From our data we conclude that the sponge laccase is involved in the anti-bacterial defense of the sponge organism.

title: Potential biological role of laccase from the sponge XXXX as an antibacterial defense component.

entities_list: @entity53180 :: ('55567', 'Species') :: ['Suberites domuncula']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity44400 :: ('MESH:C009370', 'Chemical') :: ['syringaldazine']

entities_list: @entity51351 :: ('MESH:C520568|MESH:C002502', 'Chemical') :: ["2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)"]

answer: @entity53180 :: (55567,Species) :: ['Suberites domuncula']


abstract: A novel @entity3364 ligand was synthesized by the condensation reaction of @entity71812 and @entity23134 in @entity2716 and characterised by its melting point, elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H, @entity7352 NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. Molecular structure of the ligand was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The electrochemical properties of the @entity3364 ligand were studied in different solvents at various scan rates. Sensor ability of the @entity3364 ligand was investigated by colorimetric and fluorometric methods. Visual colour change of the ligand was investigated in @entity2716 solvent in presence of various metal ions Na(+), @entity1025 , @entity18839 , K(+), @entity6597 , @entity3281 , @entity596 , @entity515 , @entity3411 , @entity8863 , @entity8862 , @entity3280 , @entity10694 and @entity10781 . Upon addition of @entity18839 ion into a @entity2716 solution of the ligand, an orange colour developed which is detectable by naked eye. Fluorescence emission studies showed that the ligand showed single emission band at 630-665nm upon excitation at 560nm. Addition of metal ions Na(+), @entity1025 , K(+), @entity6597 , @entity3281 , @entity596 , @entity515 , @entity3411 , @entity8863 , @entity8862 , @entity3280 , @entity10694 and @entity10781 (1:1M ratio) cause fluorescence quenching, however addition of @entity18839 resulted in an increase in fluorescence intensity. No significant variation was observed in the fluorescence intensity caused by @entity18839 in presence of other metal ions. Therefore, the @entity3364 ligand can be used for selective detection of @entity18839 ions in the presence of the other metal ions studied.

title: A novel XXXX : Synthesis, structural characterisation and comparative sensor studies for metal ion detections.

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff base']

entities_list: @entity23134 :: ('MESH:D000675', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminoantipyrine']

entities_list: @entity71812 :: ('MESH:C506704', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-diformylpyridine']

answer: @entity3364 :: (MESH:D012545,Chemical) :: ['Schiff base']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity116 is a serious disease, which could be potentially lethal. All cases are observed in @entity1 inadequately immunized. The immunochromatographic tests (including Tetanos quick Stick(  ) [TQS]) have demonstrated their efficiency in emergency setting. The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of these tests in elderly outpatients seen in ambulatory settings. MATERIALS: This prospective study included @entity1 aged 65 years and over who presented to the outpatients' clinic of the Gerontologic Departmental Center (Marseille). A TQS and a self-administered questionnaire to assess risk factors for @entity116 were performed. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 were studied. The prevalence of positive TQS was 66%. @entity1 have an average of 2.5 risk factors for @entity116 . Negative TQS was observed in 35% of @entity1 who had seen their general practitioner for a wound during the previous year. CONCLUSION: Elderly @entity1 accumulate several risk factors regardless of age and lifestyle. While physicians are familiar with the vaccine recommendations, they are often faced with the difficulty of assessing @entity1 's status based only on the @entity1 's interview, which is frequently not reliable. The implementation of immunochromatographic tests in general practice could help physicians in the management of @entity1 at risk for @entity116 .

title: [ XXXX risk assessment in the older outpatients: Usefulness of the "T  tanos Quick Stick(  ")?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['Tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) @entity1 show homozygous deletion of @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). They retain @entity23247 , a highly homologous gene to @entity11280 , which may partially compensate for deletion of @entity11280 . Although the promoter sequences of these two genes are almost identical, a GCC insertion polymorphism has been identified at c.-320_-321 in the @entity11280 promoter. We have also found this insertion polymorphism in an @entity23247 promoter in an @entity2057 @entity1 ( @entity1 A) who has @entity2057 type 2/3. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of the GCC insertion polymorphism in @entity2057 @entity1 , and to evaluate its effect on SMN transcription efficiency. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity2057 @entity1 , including @entity1 A, were involved in this study. @entity23247 transcript levels in white blood cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Screening of the GCC insertion polymorphism was performed using denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography. The transcription efficiency of the promoter with the insertion mutation was evaluated using a reporter-gene assay. RESULTS: All @entity2057 @entity1 in this study were homozygous for @entity11280 deletion. @entity1 A retained two copies of @entity23247 , and showed only a small amount of @entity23247 transcript in white blood cells. We detected a GCC insertion polymorphism at c.-320_-321 only in @entity1 A, and not in 50 other @entity2057 @entity1 . The polymorphism had a slight but significant negative effect on transcription efficiency. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity1 A was judged to be an exceptional case of @entity2057 , because the GCC insertion polymorphism rarely exists in @entity11280 -deleted @entity2057 @entity1 . The GCC insertion polymorphism did not enhance the transcriptional efficiency of @entity23247 . Thus, this GCC insertion polymorphism in the @entity23247 promoter may not be associated with the milder phenotype of the @entity1 . @entity1 A suggests that there are other unknown factors modifying the clinical phenotype of @entity2057 .

title: Trinucleotide insertion in the @entity23247 promoter may not be related to the clinical phenotype of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity11280 :: ('6606', 'Gene') :: ['SMN1', 'survival motor neuron 1']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['SMA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 90% of @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) @entity1 show homozygous deletion of @entity11280 ( @entity11280 ). They retain @entity23247 , a highly homologous gene to @entity11280 , which may partially compensate for deletion of @entity11280 . Although the promoter sequences of these two genes are almost identical, a GCC insertion polymorphism has been identified at c.-320_-321 in the @entity11280 promoter. We have also found this insertion polymorphism in an @entity23247 promoter in an @entity2057 @entity1 ( @entity1 A) who has @entity2057 type 2/3. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of the GCC insertion polymorphism in @entity2057 @entity1 , and to evaluate its effect on SMN transcription efficiency. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity2057 @entity1 , including @entity1 A, were involved in this study. @entity23247 transcript levels in white blood cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Screening of the GCC insertion polymorphism was performed using denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography. The transcription efficiency of the promoter with the insertion mutation was evaluated using a reporter-gene assay. RESULTS: All @entity2057 @entity1 in this study were homozygous for @entity11280 deletion. @entity1 A retained two copies of @entity23247 , and showed only a small amount of @entity23247 transcript in white blood cells. We detected a GCC insertion polymorphism at c.-320_-321 only in @entity1 A, and not in 50 other @entity2057 @entity1 . The polymorphism had a slight but significant negative effect on transcription efficiency. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: @entity1 A was judged to be an exceptional case of @entity2057 , because the GCC insertion polymorphism rarely exists in @entity11280 -deleted @entity2057 @entity1 . The GCC insertion polymorphism did not enhance the transcriptional efficiency of @entity23247 . Thus, this GCC insertion polymorphism in the @entity23247 promoter may not be associated with the milder phenotype of the @entity1 . @entity1 A suggests that there are other unknown factors modifying the clinical phenotype of @entity2057 .

title: Trinucleotide insertion in the XXXX promoter may not be related to the clinical phenotype of @entity2057 .

answer: @entity23247 :: (6607,Gene) :: ['SMN2']


abstract: @entity201 is a heterogeneous malignant process, which is further classified into @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ) and @entity201 ( @entity201 ). The poor prognosis of the disease is partly due to the lack of understanding of the disease mechanism. Multiple gene alterations identified by various molecular techniques have been described recently. As a result, multiple targeted therapies for @entity1419 and @entity201 are being developed. In this study, we identified and compared somatic mutations in @entity1419 and @entity201 @entity1 using next generation sequencing (NGS) (Ampliseq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 and Ion Torrent 318v2 chips). Eleven of 16 samples passed internal quality control established for NGS testing. @entity1419 cases (n=3) showed @entity818 (33.3%) and @entity8497 (33.3%) mutations. Meanwhile, @entity876 (75%), @entity984 (50%), and @entity817 (12.5%) mutations were identified in @entity201 cases (n=8). Our study confirmed the molecular heterogeneity of @entity1419 and @entity201 using NGS. This information will be important for individual @entity1 as targeted therapies for @entity1419 and @entity201 become available in the future.

title: Molecular profiling of XXXX using next generation sequencing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma', 'ECC', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functions of @entity1 periodontal myofibroblast (MFB) in vitro. METHODS: @entity1 periodontal fibroblast (hPDLFs) was cultured and induced to MFB by @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ). MFB was denoted as the experimental group, whereas the hPDLFs was the control group. The groups were continuously cultured and harvested at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The MFB marker a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ) was examined by immunocytochemistry. The expression of fibronectin (FN) between MFB was examined by immunocytochemistry to detect the MFB contact relationship. The mRNA expression levels of @entity1970 , collagen (Col) I, and Col III were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCT) to analyze extracellular matrix secretion. The protein expression levels of @entity1970 and Col I were also assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly higher @entity1970 expression than the control group at 0 h (P < 0.001). A positive expression of FN was found between MFB. The experimental group had significantly higher expression levels of Col I and Col III than the control group at 24 h (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 periodontal MFB presents a continuous, high expression of @entity1970 . MFB could interact through FN. MFB is significantly capable of extracellular matrix secretion.

title: [Functions of XXXX periodontal myofibroblast in vitro].

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Impaired balance control is a hallmark symptom in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Altered sensory-motor integration contributes to the deficiency. We aimed to determine whether impaired vestibular signal processing added to the disorder. We exposed @entity1 (N = 11; 68  6y) and age-matched healthy subjects (hS: N = 19; 65  11y) on a motion platform in complete darkness to two consecutive forward tilt movements (12 series; N = 24; overall 288 trials) and asked them to indicate which tilt was perceived larger. By combing tilt movements with translations we manipulated vestibular sensory input in order to investigate whether putative impairment resulted from a @entity347 (semicircular canals in 'single- @entity6461 -cue-condition', otoliths in 'single-OT-cue-condition') themselves or to a sensory integration failure ('multi-cue-condition'). RESULTS: Tilt discrimination in the multi-cue-condition was inferior in @entity1 compared to hS (p = 0.02). No significant differences between the two groups were found for both single-cue-conditions. Comparison of multi-cue-condition with a prediction resulting from the combination of both single-cue-conditions by optimal observer theory revealed that @entity1 (p = 0.04), in contrast to hS, failed to efficiently combine @entity6461 and OT information to improve tilt perception. CONCLUSION: We found that @entity191 @entity1 distinguished forward tilts less precise than hS, suggesting @entity73 . Tilt discrimination in @entity1 , moreover, did not improve as much as in hS in conditions where both @entity6461 and OT information was available compared to conditions where only @entity6461 or OT cues were activated. The latter provides evidence that tilt misperception in @entity191 most likely results from an integration failure of vestibular signals.

title: Impaired tilt perception in XXXX : a central vestibular integration failure.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vestibular perception']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of the sensory organs']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures affect many biological systems. The reproducibility of these effects is related to the intensity, duration, frequency, and pattern of the EMF. We have shown that exposure to a specific time-varying EMF can inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Thomas-EMF is a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern. Daily, 1 h, exposures to Thomas-EMF inhibited the growth of malignant cell lines including B16-BL6, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HeLa cells but did not affect the growth of non-malignant cells. Thomas-EMF also inhibited B16-BL6 cell proliferation in vivo. B16-BL6 cells implanted in syngeneic C57b @entity19 and exposed daily to Thomas-EMF produced smaller @entity5 than in sham-treated controls. In vitro studies showed that exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF for > 15 min promoted @entity141 influx which could be blocked by inhibitors of voltage-gated T-type @entity141 channels. Blocking @entity141 uptake also blocked Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Exposure to Thomas-EMF delayed cell cycle progression and altered @entity1364 expression consistent with the decrease in cell proliferation. Non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in @entity141 influx or cell growth. These data confirm that exposure to a specific EMF pattern can affect cellular processes and that exposure to Thomas-EMF may provide a potential anti- @entity5 therapy.

title: Inhibition of XXXX cell growth by exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field involves T-type calcium channels.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the lamina cribrosa (LC) is the primary site of @entity21 in @entity726 , adequate methods to image and measure it are currently lacking. Here, we describe a noninvasive, in vivo method of evaluating the LC, based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and determine this method's ability to quantify LC thickness. METHODS: This study comprised 54 eyes, including normal (n = 18), @entity726 ( @entity726 ; n = 18), and @entity9032 ( @entity9032 ; n = 18) eyes. We used SS-OCT to obtain 3 x 3 mm cube scans of an area centered on the optic disc, and then synchronized reconstructed B- and en-face images from this data. We identified the LC in these B-scan images by marking the visible borders of the LC pores. We marked points on the anterior and posterior borders of the LC in 12 B-scan images in order to create a skeleton model of the LC. Finally, we used B-spline interpolation to form a 3D model of the LC, including only reliably measured scan areas. We calculated the average LC thickness (avgLCT) in this model and used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to compare it with circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT). RESULTS: We found that the correlation coefficient of avgLCT and cpRNFLT was 0.64 (p < 0.01). The coefficient of variation for avgLCT was 5.1%. AvgLCT differed significantly in the groups (normal: 282.6    20.6  m, @entity726 : 261.4    15.8  m, @entity9032 : 232.6    33.3  m). The normal, @entity726 and @entity9032 groups did not significantly differ in age, sex, refractive @entity2790 (IOP), although the normal and @entity9032 groups differed significantly in cpRNFLT and Humphrey field analyzer measurements of mean deviation. CONCLUSION: Thus, our results indicate that the parameters of our newly developed method of measuring LC thickness with SS-OCT may provide useful and important data for @entity726 diagnosis and research.

title: 3D evaluation of the lamina cribrosa with swept-source optical coherence tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal damage']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['error or intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity9032 :: ('MESH:D057066', 'Disease') :: ['normal tension glaucoma', 'NTG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['preperimetric glaucoma', 'glaucoma', 'PPG']

answer: @entity9032 :: (MESH:D057066,Disease) :: ['normal tension glaucoma']


abstract: C57B1/6 @entity19 brain @entity750 levels were depleted by feeding animals a diet containing no @entity2340 . When such @entity19 were injected with @entity1068 , they were found to lose their righting reflex for significantly longer periods and to have a lower body temperature than control animals. Animals consuming the diet containing no @entity2340 metabolized @entity1068 more slowly than controls. Although daily injections of @entity10594 reinstated @entity1068 metabolism to normal, the duration of loss of righting reflex and the @entity2332 induced by @entity1068 were unaffected by @entity10594 pretreatment. @entity2340 (75 mg/kg) administered six hours prior to @entity1068 injection returned brain @entity750 levels to normal in @entity2340 -deprived @entity19 . @entity19 injected with @entity2340 were found to respond to @entity1068 as did the control animals. When brain @entity1068 levels were determined at the time the animals lost their righting reflex and when animals regained their righting reflex, @entity2340 -deprived @entity19 were found to regain the righting reflex at the same brain @entity1068 levels as those at which such animals lost their righting reflex. @entity2340 administration to @entity2340 -deprived @entity19 resulted in their regaining the righting reflex at higher @entity1068 levels than those at which they lost the reflex. Similar experiments were carried out on C3H/HeJ and DBA/J2 @entity19 . The results indicate that C3H @entity19 developed some acute tolerance while DBA @entity19 failed to develop any acute tolerance. The possibility exists that the strain difference in the degree of sensitivity to @entity1068 observed in these @entity19 may be due to differing abilities to develop acute tolerance.

title: Strain differences in the development of acute tolerance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For node-positive @entity5 , adjuvant radiotherapy has an established benefit, whereas the impact of chemotherapy is unknown. A National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis was conducted to determine patterns of care and evaluate the survival impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: The NCDB was queried for @entity5 @entity1 diagnosed from 1998-2011 who underwent extirpative surgery with confirmed inguinal nodal involvement treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. @entity1 with inadequate follow-up or non-squamous histologies were excluded. Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional regression modeling with adjustment using propensity score with inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) were conducted to establish factors associated with utilization and survival. RESULTS: A total of 1797 @entity1 were identified: 26.3% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 76.6% had 1-3 involved lymph nodes. Adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy significantly increased over time, from 10.8% in 1998 to 41.0% in 2006 (p<0.001). Lower utilization was seen in older @entity1 , Northeast or Southern facilities, and @entity1 with more extensive nodal dissection, whereas greater number of involved nodes, stage @entity3480 and positive surgical margins led to a higher probability of receiving chemotherapy. Unadjusted median survival without and with adjuvant chemotherapy was 29.7months and 44.0months (p=0.001). On IPTW-adjusted Cox proportional regression modeling, delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a 38% reduction in the risk of @entity204 (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.79, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In a large population-based analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in mortality risk for node-positive @entity5 @entity1 who received adjuvant radiotherapy.

title: Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with radiation for node-positive XXXX : A National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3480 :: ('MESH:C538167', 'Disease') :: ['IVA disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in primary @entity1455 (PCS) is well established. In this study, we evaluated the impact of etiology on outcomes. METHODS: Between January 2009 and March 2013, we implanted a total of 249 @entity1 with ECLS; we focused on 64 @entity1 for whom peripheral ECLS was the treatment for PCS. Of these, 37 cases (58%) were "acute" (mostly acute @entity583 : 39%); 27 (42%) had an exacerbation of "chronic" @entity712 ( @entity384 : 30%; post- @entity63 @entity296 : 9%; and congenital: 3%). RESULTS: In the group with chronic etiology, 23 @entity1 were bridged to a left ventricular assist device (52%) or heart transplantation (33%). In the group with acute etiology, ECLS was used as a bridge-to-transplantation in 3 @entity1 (8%), a bridge-to-bridge in 9 (24%), and a bridge-to-recovery in 18 (49%). One @entity1 in each group was bridged to conventional surgery. Recovery of cardiac function was achieved in only the group with acute primary @entity1455 (18 vs 0 @entity1 , P  =  .0001). A mean flow during support of  <=60% of the theoretic flow (body surface area  *  2.4) was a predictor of successful weaning (P  =  .02). Median duration of ECLS support was 7 days (range: 2-11.5 days). Nine @entity1 (14%) died during support; 30-day overall survival was 80% (51  of 64 @entity1 ); and 59% of @entity1 were discharged, in whom survival at 48 months was 90%. Thirty-day survival was correlated with duration of ECLS support. CONCLUSIONS: In "chronic" @entity712 , ECLS represents a bridge to a ventricular assist device or heart transplantation, whereas in "acute" settings, it offers a considerable chance of recovery, and is often the only required therapy.

title: Extracorporeal life support in XXXX : Impact of acute versus chronic etiology on outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: The quantitative relationship between red cell volume, @entity1307 level, and erythropoiesis was evaluated in 43 @entity1 beings. Results in normal @entity1 were compared with studies in @entity1 with @entity417 from @entity2131 and with @entity6582 vera. The maximum @entity1307 excretion after @entity548 normal @entity1 was similar to the basal levels found in @entity1 with @entity417 of similar magnitude. Although @entity1307 values were low in @entity1 with @entity6582 vera, @entity548 evoked a normal response. In @entity1 anemic from @entity2131 , basal levels were elevated, and phlebotomy resulted in an increase consistent with the new level of @entity417 . These observations indicate that @entity1307 level is affected primarily by the degree of @entity417 and is not influenced by the duration of @entity417 . In normal subjects, a fivefold increase in urinary @entity1307 was associated with a doubling of erythropoiesis. Despite similar degrees of @entity1307 production, anemic @entity1 with evidence of bone marrow in the lower extremities had greater red cell production. In @entity1 with @entity6582 vera, red cell production was inappropriately elevated with regard to the urinary @entity1307 excretion. Bone marrow maturation time was not shortened in @entity1 anemic from @entity2131 to the same degree as in bled, normal volunteers. In addition to an adequate level of @entity1307 production, normal bone marrow function is necessary for maximal shortening of maturation time.

title: Erythropoiesis in the @entity417 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['chronic anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity2131 :: (MESH:C536572,Disease) :: ['bone marrow failure']


abstract: The quantitative relationship between red cell volume, @entity1307 level, and erythropoiesis was evaluated in 43 @entity1 beings. Results in normal @entity1 were compared with studies in @entity1 with @entity417 from @entity2131 and with @entity6582 vera. The maximum @entity1307 excretion after @entity548 normal @entity1 was similar to the basal levels found in @entity1 with @entity417 of similar magnitude. Although @entity1307 values were low in @entity1 with @entity6582 vera, @entity548 evoked a normal response. In @entity1 anemic from @entity2131 , basal levels were elevated, and phlebotomy resulted in an increase consistent with the new level of @entity417 . These observations indicate that @entity1307 level is affected primarily by the degree of @entity417 and is not influenced by the duration of @entity417 . In normal subjects, a fivefold increase in urinary @entity1307 was associated with a doubling of erythropoiesis. Despite similar degrees of @entity1307 production, anemic @entity1 with evidence of bone marrow in the lower extremities had greater red cell production. In @entity1 with @entity6582 vera, red cell production was inappropriately elevated with regard to the urinary @entity1307 excretion. Bone marrow maturation time was not shortened in @entity1 anemic from @entity2131 to the same degree as in bled, normal volunteers. In addition to an adequate level of @entity1307 production, normal bone marrow function is necessary for maximal shortening of maturation time.

title: Erythropoiesis in the XXXX of @entity2131 .

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess whether resident exposure to liver transplantation anesthesia results in improved @entity1 care during a simulated critical care scenario. Our hypothesis was that anesthesia residents exposed to liver transplantation anesthesia care would be able to identify and treat a simulated @entity6564 crisis after reperfusion more appropriately than residents who have not been involved in liver transplantation anesthesia care. Participation in liver transplantation anesthesia is not a mandatory component of the curriculum of anesthesiology training programs in the United States. It is unclear whether exposure to liver transplantation anesthesia is beneficial for skill set development. A high-fidelity @entity1 @entity1 simulation scenario was developed. Times for administration of @entity1425 , @entity12374 , and secondary @entity4144 treatment were recorded. A total of 25 residents with similar training levels participated: 13 residents had previous liver transplantation experience (OLT), whereas 12 residents had not been previously exposed to liver transplantations (non-OLT). The OLT group performed better in recognizing and treating the @entity6564 crisis than the non-OLT group. Pharmacologic therapy for @entity4144 was given earlier (OLT 53.3    27.0 seconds versus non-OLT 148    104.1 seconds; P < 0.01) and hemodynamics restored quicker (OLT 87.9    24.9 seconds versus non-OLT 219.9    87.1 seconds; P < 0.01). Simulation-based assessment of clinical skills is a useful tool for evaluating anesthesia resident performance during an intraoperative crisis situation related to liver transplantations. Previous liver transplantation experience improves the anesthesia resident's ability to recognize and treat @entity6564 @entity1167 .

title: The impact of exposure to liver transplantation anesthesia on the ability to treat intraoperative XXXX : a simulation experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mounting evidence supports a link between circadian disruption and @entity209 . @entity1 with circadian disruption (for example, night-shift workers) have an increased risk of @entity28 and @entity66 compared with the non-disrupted population. However, it is unclear whether the @entity28 and @entity28 associated with circadian disruption respond to therapeutic treatments as well as individuals with other types of @entity28 . SUBJECTS/METHODS: Here, we test the effectiveness of the commonly used bariatric surgical procedure, Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG), in @entity19 models of genetic and environmental circadian disruption. RESULTS: VSG led to a reduction in body weight and fat mass in both Clock(  19) mutant and constant-light @entity19 models (P<0.05), resulting in an overall metabolic improvement independent of circadian disruption. Interestingly, the decrease in body weight occurred without altering diurnal feeding or activity patterns (P>0.05). Within circadian-disrupted models, VSG also led to improved @entity413 tolerance and lipid handling (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Together these data demonstrate that VSG is an effective treatment for the @entity28 associated with circadian disruption, and that the potent effects of bariatric surgery are orthogonal to circadian biology. However, as the effects of bariatric surgery are independent of circadian disruption, VSG cannot be considered a cure for circadian disruption. These data have important implications for circadian-disrupted @entity28 @entity1 . Moreover, these results reveal new information about the metabolic pathways governing the effects of bariatric surgery as well as of circadian disruption.

title: Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in XXXX models of circadian disruption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related disorders', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portion size is an important component of dietary advice for weight control, but little is known about what portion sizes @entity1 consider 'normal'. This study determined the effect of body mass index (BMI), gender, dietary restraint and liking of the food on personal and social portion size norms for a range of foods and the degree of certainty over the norms. METHODS: Thirty lean (BMI 20-25   kg   m(-)(2)) and 30 @entity28 (BMI 30-35   kg   m(-)(2)) @entity1 and @entity1 (aged 18-60 years) viewed 17 different portion sizes of 12 foods on a computer screen on two occasions a week apart. @entity1 responded 'more' or 'less' to each photograph reflecting personal portion size preference or perceived portion sizes of others. Personal and social norms for portion sizes of each food were determined using the method of constant stimuli giving a sigmoidal curve of the probability of answering 'less' over a range of portion sizes. The slope of the sigmoid at the norm gave a measure of certainty about the norm. Regression models were used to examine the effect of BMI, gender, dietary restraint and liking of the food on personal norms, social norms, the relationship between norms, and the slopes. RESULTS: Personal norms were significantly larger in the @entity28 (P=0.026), @entity1 (P<0.001), those with lower dietary restraint (P<0.001), and those with higher liking for the food (P<0.001). Social norms were larger for @entity1 (P=0.012). The slopes at the norms were 30% shallower in the @entity28 and in @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Larger personal norms for portion size among the @entity28 , @entity1 , those with lower dietary restraint and those with higher liking for a food imply greater consumption, which may undermine weight control. Shallower slopes for norms in the @entity28 and in @entity1 may imply less clearly defined habitual portion sizes.

title: Personal and social norms for food portion sizes in lean and XXXX adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Psychosocial stress has been proposed to contribute to @entity28 , particularly abdominal, or @entity1144 , through chronic activation of the neuroendocrine systems. However, these putative relationships are complex and dependent on country and cultural context. We investigated the association between psychosocial factors and general and @entity1144 in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic study. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This observational, cross-sectional study enrolled 151   966 individuals aged 35-70 years from 628 urban and rural communities in 17 high-, middle- and low-income countries. Data were collected for 125   290 individuals regarding education, anthropometrics, @entity101 / @entity6 , @entity286 / @entity285 use, diet and psychosocial factors (self-perceived stress and @entity308 ). RESULTS: After standardization for age, sex, country income and urban/rural location, the proportion with @entity28 (body mass index    30   kg   m(-)(2)) increased from 15.7% in 40   831 individuals with no stress to 20.5% in 7720 individuals with permanent stress, with corresponding proportions for ethnicity- and sex-specific @entity1144 of 48.6% and 53.5%, respectively (P<0.0001 for both). Associations between stress and @entity101 / @entity6 tended to be inverse. Estimating the total effect of permanent stress with age, sex, physical activity, education and region as confounders, no relationship between stress and @entity28 persisted (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for @entity28 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.10)). There was no relationship between ethnicity- and sex-specific @entity1144 (adjusted PR 1.00 (0.97-1.02)). Stratification by region yielded inconsistent associations. @entity308 was weakly but independently linked to @entity28 (PR 1.08 (1.04-1.12)), and very marginally to @entity1144 (PR 1.01 (1.00-1.03)). CONCLUSIONS: Although individuals with permanent stress tended to be slightly more @entity28 , there was no overall independent effect and no evidence that @entity1144 or its consequences ( @entity101 , @entity6 ) increased with higher levels of stress or @entity308 . This study does not support a causal link between psychosocial factors and @entity1144 .

title: Psychosocial factors and XXXX in 17 high-, middle- and low-income countries: the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity', 'abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exercise capacity, an objective measure of exercise intolerance, is known to predict quality of life and mortality in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), however, have yet to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate @entity26 uptake kinetics and the impact of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) on exercise capacity in young @entity1 with @entity1577 . 16 young @entity1 with @entity1577 (age 13        4 years; 10 female) and 15 matched controls (age 14        3 years; nine female) participated. Pulmonary function and a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer using the Godfrey protocol were performed. Exercise capacity ( @entity4962 peak), @entity4962 response time ( @entity4962 @entity138 ), and functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) were all determined. Lung function was the only demographic parameter significantly lower (P   <   0.05) in @entity1577 compared to controls. Exercise capacity was lower in @entity1577 (P   <   0.014) only when @entity4962 peak was normalized for @entity1386 (43.5        7.7 vs. 50.6        7.4 @entity1386 ) or expressed as % predicted (70.1        14.3 vs. 85.4        16.0%). The @entity4962 @entity138 was slower (36.1        15.1 vs. 25.0        12.4   sec; P   =   0.03) and the   @entity4962 /  WR slope was lower (8.4        3 ml/min/watt vs. 10.1        1.4 ml/min/watt; P   =   0.02) in @entity1 compared to controls, respectively. In conclusion, a delayed @entity4962 response time coupled with the lower functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) suggest that young @entity1 with @entity1577 have impairment in @entity26 transport and @entity26 utilization by the muscles. These data in addition to differences in @entity4962 peak normalized for @entity1386 provide some insight that muscle mass and muscle metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance in @entity1577 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:647-654.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX uptake kinetics and exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['ml/kg-FFM/min', 'fat-free mass', 'FFM']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exercise capacity, an objective measure of exercise intolerance, is known to predict quality of life and mortality in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), however, have yet to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate @entity26 uptake kinetics and the impact of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) on exercise capacity in young @entity1 with @entity1577 . 16 young @entity1 with @entity1577 (age 13        4 years; 10 female) and 15 matched controls (age 14        3 years; nine female) participated. Pulmonary function and a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer using the Godfrey protocol were performed. Exercise capacity ( @entity4962 peak), @entity4962 response time ( @entity4962 @entity138 ), and functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) were all determined. Lung function was the only demographic parameter significantly lower (P   <   0.05) in @entity1577 compared to controls. Exercise capacity was lower in @entity1577 (P   <   0.014) only when @entity4962 peak was normalized for @entity1386 (43.5        7.7 vs. 50.6        7.4 @entity1386 ) or expressed as % predicted (70.1        14.3 vs. 85.4        16.0%). The @entity4962 @entity138 was slower (36.1        15.1 vs. 25.0        12.4   sec; P   =   0.03) and the   @entity4962 /  WR slope was lower (8.4        3 ml/min/watt vs. 10.1        1.4 ml/min/watt; P   =   0.02) in @entity1 compared to controls, respectively. In conclusion, a delayed @entity4962 response time coupled with the lower functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) suggest that young @entity1 with @entity1577 have impairment in @entity26 transport and @entity26 utilization by the muscles. These data in addition to differences in @entity4962 peak normalized for @entity1386 provide some insight that muscle mass and muscle metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance in @entity1577 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:647-654.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity26 uptake kinetics and exercise capacity in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exercise capacity, an objective measure of exercise intolerance, is known to predict quality of life and mortality in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The mechanisms for exercise intolerance in @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), however, have yet to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate @entity26 uptake kinetics and the impact of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) on exercise capacity in young @entity1 with @entity1577 . 16 young @entity1 with @entity1577 (age 13        4 years; 10 female) and 15 matched controls (age 14        3 years; nine female) participated. Pulmonary function and a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer using the Godfrey protocol were performed. Exercise capacity ( @entity4962 peak), @entity4962 response time ( @entity4962 @entity138 ), and functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) were all determined. Lung function was the only demographic parameter significantly lower (P   <   0.05) in @entity1577 compared to controls. Exercise capacity was lower in @entity1577 (P   <   0.014) only when @entity4962 peak was normalized for @entity1386 (43.5        7.7 vs. 50.6        7.4 @entity1386 ) or expressed as % predicted (70.1        14.3 vs. 85.4        16.0%). The @entity4962 @entity138 was slower (36.1        15.1 vs. 25.0        12.4   sec; P   =   0.03) and the   @entity4962 /  WR slope was lower (8.4        3 ml/min/watt vs. 10.1        1.4 ml/min/watt; P   =   0.02) in @entity1 compared to controls, respectively. In conclusion, a delayed @entity4962 response time coupled with the lower functional @entity4962 gain (  @entity4962 /  WR) suggest that young @entity1 with @entity1577 have impairment in @entity26 transport and @entity26 utilization by the muscles. These data in addition to differences in @entity4962 peak normalized for @entity1386 provide some insight that muscle mass and muscle metabolism contribute to exercise intolerance in @entity1577 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:647-654.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity26 uptake kinetics and exercise capacity in XXXX with @entity1577 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity2414 are frequent in @entity1 with @entity75 . @entity2414 depend on the location and the lateralization of the lesion. These disorders are well described in temporal @entity302 but rarely in population with @entity5 and especially not specifically focus on @entity11 . The purpose of this study was to describe neuropsychological examination in @entity1 with @entity11 in the database of the regional memory centre of Besan  on. Four @entity1 were identified (all right-handed and with a left @entity11 ). @entity73 and @entity73 were observed. One @entity1 had also @entity227 . Therefore, further investigations showed an associated @entity195 . This finding modified the clinical management of this @entity1 . Extensive neuropsychological assessment should be systematic initially to seek an associated pathology, especially in elderly @entity1 , if the cognitive profile is unusual, during the follow-up to better understand cognitive evolution and the effect of therapies on cognition.

title: [Mnesic disorders caused by left temporal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual memory disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['auditory-verbal short-term memory impairment', 'Verbal episodic memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['temporal glioma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Verbal or visuo-spatial memory disorders', 'Episodic memory disorders']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Caudal  -related homeobox protein 2 ( @entity6628 ), a @entity5 suppressor in the adult colon, is overexpressed under a non  - @entity5 specific @entity2803 promoter in certain @entity5 cells; furthermore, non  -specific expression of @entity6628 may result in aberrant side effects in normal cells. The @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) promoter is active in the majority of @entity5 cells but not in normal cells. @entity519 is a key feature of solid @entity5 , and targeted genes may be significantly upregulated by five copies of @entity519  -response elements (HREs) under @entity519 conditions. However, the effect of @entity6628 overexpression, as controlled by five copies of HREs and the @entity2215 promoter, on @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cell proliferation in  vitro remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, a recombinant lentivirus containing the @entity6628 gene under the control of five HREs and the @entity2215 promoter was generated. An immunofluorescence assay was used to detect @entity6628 expression by the 5HhC lentivirus, whereas an @entity98 assay was used to detect the effects of @entity5303 on the viability of LoVo cells. Western blot analysis was conducted in order to determine the relative ratios of recombinant @entity6628 protein to the internal control b-actin, following 5HhC/LoVo  cell culture under normoxic and @entity519 conditions (100, 200, 300, 400  or 500    mol/l  @entity5303 ) for 24  h, then for 12, 24  or 36  h with the optimal concentration (300    mol/l) of @entity5303 . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the transcription of recombinant @entity6628 mRNA following culture of 5HhC/LoVo cells under normoxic or @entity519 conditions. Finally, a cloning assay was used to detect the proliferative ability of 5HhC/LoVo and 5Hh cells. High @entity6628 expression was observed in @entity2215  -positive LoVo cells under @entity519 conditions, an effect which was mimicked by treatment with @entity5303 to inhibit LoVo  cell proliferation in  vitro. High expression of @entity6628 therefore provides a promising strategy for the development of novel targeted treatments and gene therapy for @entity14 .

title: Recombinant lentivirus with enhanced expression of caudal  -related homeobox protein  2 inhibits @entity1 XXXX cell proliferation in  vitro.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Caudal  -related homeobox protein 2 ( @entity6628 ), a @entity5 suppressor in the adult colon, is overexpressed under a non  - @entity5 specific @entity2803 promoter in certain @entity5 cells; furthermore, non  -specific expression of @entity6628 may result in aberrant side effects in normal cells. The @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) promoter is active in the majority of @entity5 cells but not in normal cells. @entity519 is a key feature of solid @entity5 , and targeted genes may be significantly upregulated by five copies of @entity519  -response elements (HREs) under @entity519 conditions. However, the effect of @entity6628 overexpression, as controlled by five copies of HREs and the @entity2215 promoter, on @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cell proliferation in  vitro remains to be fully elucidated. In the current study, a recombinant lentivirus containing the @entity6628 gene under the control of five HREs and the @entity2215 promoter was generated. An immunofluorescence assay was used to detect @entity6628 expression by the 5HhC lentivirus, whereas an @entity98 assay was used to detect the effects of @entity5303 on the viability of LoVo cells. Western blot analysis was conducted in order to determine the relative ratios of recombinant @entity6628 protein to the internal control b-actin, following 5HhC/LoVo  cell culture under normoxic and @entity519 conditions (100, 200, 300, 400  or 500    mol/l  @entity5303 ) for 24  h, then for 12, 24  or 36  h with the optimal concentration (300    mol/l) of @entity5303 . Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the transcription of recombinant @entity6628 mRNA following culture of 5HhC/LoVo cells under normoxic or @entity519 conditions. Finally, a cloning assay was used to detect the proliferative ability of 5HhC/LoVo and 5Hh cells. High @entity6628 expression was observed in @entity2215  -positive LoVo cells under @entity519 conditions, an effect which was mimicked by treatment with @entity5303 to inhibit LoVo  cell proliferation in  vitro. High expression of @entity6628 therefore provides a promising strategy for the development of novel targeted treatments and gene therapy for @entity14 .

title: Recombinant lentivirus with enhanced expression of caudal  -related homeobox protein  2 inhibits XXXX @entity14 cell proliferation in  vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A simple efficacious topical treatment for @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) is still an unresolved challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the topical use of @entity71813 plus @entity71814 (Thio-Ben) tincture in combination with cryotherapy in comparison with intralesional @entity17004 ( @entity17004 ) along with cryotherapy in treating anthroponotic @entity4536 (ACL). The study was conducted in @entity232 Center in Dadbin Health Care Clinic, Kerman, Iran. Sixty-four @entity4536 lesions were randomly assigned to receive Thio-Ben plus cryotherapy (TC) (n = 32) or @entity17004 plus cryotherapy (GC) (n = 32). Thio-Ben was used topically every other day and @entity17004 was used intralesionally once a week for a maximum of 3 months. In both study groups, cryotherapy was administered using liquid @entity1568 once every 2 weeks. Of 64 recruited lesions, 47 lesions completed the study protocol. Twenty lesions (91%) in TC group and 23 lesions (92%) in GC group showed complete cure. TC group showed faster clinical response. @entity158 , @entity56 , dizziness, and @entity390 were only seen in GC group. This study showed that the topical use of Thio-Ben combined with cryotherapy has a good efficacy in treating ACL with the benefit that Thio-Ben has more @entity1 compliance and less side effects than intralesional @entity17004 .

title: The topical treatment of anthroponotic XXXX with the tincture of @entity71813 plus @entity71814 (Thio-Ben) along with cryotherapy: a single-blind randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate', 'Glucantime']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity71814 :: ('MESH:C013850', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoxonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity71813 :: ('MESH:C009474', 'Chemical') :: ['thioxolone']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A simple efficacious topical treatment for @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) is still an unresolved challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the topical use of @entity71813 plus @entity71814 (Thio-Ben) tincture in combination with cryotherapy in comparison with intralesional @entity17004 ( @entity17004 ) along with cryotherapy in treating anthroponotic @entity4536 (ACL). The study was conducted in @entity232 Center in Dadbin Health Care Clinic, Kerman, Iran. Sixty-four @entity4536 lesions were randomly assigned to receive Thio-Ben plus cryotherapy (TC) (n = 32) or @entity17004 plus cryotherapy (GC) (n = 32). Thio-Ben was used topically every other day and @entity17004 was used intralesionally once a week for a maximum of 3 months. In both study groups, cryotherapy was administered using liquid @entity1568 once every 2 weeks. Of 64 recruited lesions, 47 lesions completed the study protocol. Twenty lesions (91%) in TC group and 23 lesions (92%) in GC group showed complete cure. TC group showed faster clinical response. @entity158 , @entity56 , dizziness, and @entity390 were only seen in GC group. This study showed that the topical use of Thio-Ben combined with cryotherapy has a good efficacy in treating ACL with the benefit that Thio-Ben has more @entity1 compliance and less side effects than intralesional @entity17004 .

title: The topical treatment of anthroponotic @entity4536 with the tincture of XXXX plus @entity71814 (Thio-Ben) along with cryotherapy: a single-blind randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity71813 :: (MESH:C009474,Chemical) :: ['thioxolone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A simple efficacious topical treatment for @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) is still an unresolved challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the topical use of @entity71813 plus @entity71814 (Thio-Ben) tincture in combination with cryotherapy in comparison with intralesional @entity17004 ( @entity17004 ) along with cryotherapy in treating anthroponotic @entity4536 (ACL). The study was conducted in @entity232 Center in Dadbin Health Care Clinic, Kerman, Iran. Sixty-four @entity4536 lesions were randomly assigned to receive Thio-Ben plus cryotherapy (TC) (n = 32) or @entity17004 plus cryotherapy (GC) (n = 32). Thio-Ben was used topically every other day and @entity17004 was used intralesionally once a week for a maximum of 3 months. In both study groups, cryotherapy was administered using liquid @entity1568 once every 2 weeks. Of 64 recruited lesions, 47 lesions completed the study protocol. Twenty lesions (91%) in TC group and 23 lesions (92%) in GC group showed complete cure. TC group showed faster clinical response. @entity158 , @entity56 , dizziness, and @entity390 were only seen in GC group. This study showed that the topical use of Thio-Ben combined with cryotherapy has a good efficacy in treating ACL with the benefit that Thio-Ben has more @entity1 compliance and less side effects than intralesional @entity17004 .

title: The topical treatment of anthroponotic @entity4536 with the tincture of @entity71813 plus XXXX (Thio-Ben) along with cryotherapy: a single-blind randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity71814 :: (MESH:C013850,Chemical) :: ['benzoxonium chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although surgery is the standard treatment for early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been disseminated as an alternative therapy. The comparative mortalities and @entity137 of these treatments for @entity1 of different life expectancies are unknown. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database was used to identify @entity1 who were 67 years old or older and underwent SBRT or surgery for stage I @entity1149 from 2007 to 2009. Matched @entity1 were stratified into short life expectancies (<5 years) and long life expectancies (>= 5 years). Mortality and complication rates were compared with Poisson regression. RESULTS: Overall, 367 SBRT @entity1 and 711 surgery @entity1 were matched. Acute @entity137 (0-1 month) was lower from SBRT versus surgery (7.9% vs 54.9%, P   <   .001). At 24 months after treatment, there was no difference (69.7% vs 73.9%, P   =   .31). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for @entity137 from SBRT versus surgery was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.87). Overall mortality was lower with SBRT versus surgery at 3 months (2.2% vs 6.1%, P   =   .005), but by 24 months, overall mortality was higher with SBRT (40.1% vs 22.3%, P   <   .001). For @entity1 with short life expectancies, there was no difference in @entity2 mortality (IRR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.40-2.56). However, for @entity1 with long life expectancies, there was greater overall mortality (IRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-2.01) as well as a trend toward greater @entity2 mortality (IRR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.95-2.79) with SBRT versus surgery. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT was associated with lower immediate mortality and @entity137 in comparison with surgery. However, for @entity1 with long life expectancies, there appears to be a relative benefit from surgery versus SBRT. @entity5 2015;121:2341-2349.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Comparative effectiveness of surgery and radiosurgery for stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity13626 ( @entity13626 ) is a benign bone @entity5 with considerable recurrence potential. Resection is the mainstay for the treatment of Enneking stage 3 (st. 3) @entity13626 . This retrospective study aimed to verify the appropriate surgical strategy for st. 3 lesions in the mobile spine. METHODS: 19 cases of st. 3 @entity13626 was diagnosed between 2001 and 2011. Clinical, radiological, surgical, and follow-up data were analyzed. This series included 14 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 and the mean age at diagnosis was 30.4  years. The lesions were located in the cervical spine in ten cases, in the thoracic spine in eight, and in the lumbar spine in one. Fourteen @entity1 were surgically treated for the first time (intact cases), and five were referred to us after previous unsuccessful treatments (non-intact cases). RESULTS: Before 2008, 11 @entity1 underwent curettage followed by radiotherapy, including 5 non-intact cases and 6 intact cases. @entity5 recurrence was observed in all five non-intact cases and four of the six intact cases. After 2008, eight intact @entity1 underwent intralesional vertebrectomy, including six who underwent piecemeal total vertebrectomy and two who underwent intralesional en bloc vertebrectomy. All  the eight @entity1  had  embolization  before  surgery. 18 @entity1 had an average 67.3  months (range 36-148  months) of follow-up. Recurrence was not observed in any of these eight cases with intralesional vertebrectomy. CONCLUSION: Intralesional total vertebrectomy might be an appropriate choice for intact st. 3 @entity13626 spine lesions. More cases with longer follow-up periods should be recruited in the future to better understand the treatment options available for this disease.

title: Surgical treatment options for aggressive XXXX in the mobile spine.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoblastoma', 'OBL']

answer: @entity13626 :: (MESH:D018215,Disease) :: ['osteoblastoma']


abstract: The @entity2927 , a chronic condition in @entity1 affecting @entity299 and causing @entity571 , is caused by Brucella, a genus of Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular pathogens. The mode of transmission and the virulence of the pathogens are still enigmatic. Transcription regulatory elements, such as rho proteins, play an important role in the termination of transcription and/or the selection of genes in Brucella. Adverse effects of the transcription inhibitors play a key role in the non-successive transcription challenges faced by the pathogens. In the investigation presented here, we computationally predicted the transcription termination factor rho (TtFRho) inhibitors against @entity42306 via a structure-based method. In view the unknown nature of its crystal structure, we constructed a robust three-dimensional homology model of TtFRho's structure by comparative modeling with the crystal structure of the @entity526 TtFRho (Protein Data Bank ID: 1PVO) as a template in MODELLER (v 9.10). The modeled structure was optimized by applying a molecular dynamics simulation for 2 ns with the @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) 27 force field in NAMD (NAnoscale Molecular Dynamics program; v 2.9) and then evaluated by calculating the stereochemical quality of the protein. The flexible docking for the interaction phenomenon of the template consists of ligand-related inhibitor molecules from the ZINC (ZINC Is Not Commercial) database using a structure-based virtual screening strategy against minimized TtFRho. Docking simulations revealed two inhibitors compounds - ZINC24934545 and ZINC72319544 - that showed high binding affinity among 2,829 drug analogs that bind with key active-site residues; these residues are considered for protein-ligand binding and unbinding pathways via steered molecular dynamics simulations. Arg215 in the model plays an important role in the stability of the protein-ligand complex via a hydrogen bonding interaction by aromatic-   contacts, and the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) analysis of best leads indicate nontoxic in nature with good potential for drug development.

title: Modeling, molecular dynamics, and docking assessment of transcription factor rho: a potential drug target in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Chemistry at HARvard Macromolecular Mechanics', 'CHARMM']

entities_list: @entity42306 :: ('224914', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis 16M']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic disease brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiac systems']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity42306 :: (224914,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis 16M']