abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has suggested an increase in risk of @entity746 ( @entity746 ) and @entity195 among workers exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF). We evaluated the relation between ELF-MF from occupational exposures and mortality from @entity179 . METHODS: The study was based on a cohort of Swedish engineering industry workers, comprising 537,692 @entity1 and 180,529 @entity1 . The cohort was matched against the 3 most recent censuses and The Causes of Death Registry. Levels of ELF-MF exposure were obtained by linking occupation according to the censuses to a job exposure matrix. We used 4 levels of exposure and considered both the primary and contributing causes of @entity204 , 1985-96. RESULTS: The risk of @entity195 as primary or contributing cause of @entity204 increased with increasing exposure to ELF-MF among both @entity1 and @entity1 , with a relative risk (RR) of 4.0 and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.4-11.7 in the highest exposure group for both sexes combined. There was a RR of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.0-4.7) for @entity746 in the highest exposure group with the suggestion of an exposure-response relationship. No evidence of increased risk was seen for @entity191 or @entity15 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings support previous observations of an increased risk of @entity195 and @entity746 among employees occupationally exposed to ELF-MF. Further studies based on morbidity data are warranted.

title: XXXX in welders and other workers exposed to high levels of magnetic fields.

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal IgA response to @entity2491 infection in mature @entity19 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with IF. Middle-aged male BALB/c @entity19 were submitted to IF or ad libitum (AL) feeding for 40  weeks and then orally infected with @entity2491 . Thereafter, infected animals were all fed AL (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 @entity281 . We evaluated body weight, bacterial load (in feces, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver), total and specific intestinal IgA, lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells, plasma @entity2819 , and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a-chain, J-chain, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in liver and intestinal mucosa. In comparison with the infected AL counterpart, the infected IF group (long-term IF followed by @entity281 AL feeding) generally had lower intestinal and systemic bacterial loads as well as higher total IgA on both @entity281 days. Both infected groups showed no differences in @entity2819 levels, body weight, or food and caloric intake. The increase in intestinal IgA was associated with enhanced pIgR mRNA expression in the intestine (day 7) and liver. Thus, to maintain body weight and caloric intake, IF elicited metabolic signals that possibly induced the increased hepatic and intestinal pIgR mRNA expression found. The increase in IgA probably resulted from intestinal IgA transcytosis via pIgR. This IgA response along with phagocyte-induced killing of bacteria in systemic organs (not measured) may explain the resolution of the @entity2491 infection.

title: Intermittent fasting favored the resolution of XXXX infection in middle-aged BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['post-infection']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal IgA response to @entity2491 infection in mature @entity19 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with IF. Middle-aged male BALB/c @entity19 were submitted to IF or ad libitum (AL) feeding for 40  weeks and then orally infected with @entity2491 . Thereafter, infected animals were all fed AL (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 @entity281 . We evaluated body weight, bacterial load (in feces, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver), total and specific intestinal IgA, lamina propria IgA+ plasma cells, plasma @entity2819 , and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a-chain, J-chain, and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in liver and intestinal mucosa. In comparison with the infected AL counterpart, the infected IF group (long-term IF followed by @entity281 AL feeding) generally had lower intestinal and systemic bacterial loads as well as higher total IgA on both @entity281 days. Both infected groups showed no differences in @entity2819 levels, body weight, or food and caloric intake. The increase in intestinal IgA was associated with enhanced pIgR mRNA expression in the intestine (day 7) and liver. Thus, to maintain body weight and caloric intake, IF elicited metabolic signals that possibly induced the increased hepatic and intestinal pIgR mRNA expression found. The increase in IgA probably resulted from intestinal IgA transcytosis via pIgR. This IgA response along with phagocyte-induced killing of bacteria in systemic organs (not measured) may explain the resolution of the @entity2491 infection.

title: Intermittent fasting favored the resolution of @entity2491 infection in middle-aged BALB/c XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A combination of immuno-electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectrum-imaging was used to map the distributions of endocrine polypeptide hormones and proteins in @entity19 pancreatic islet of Langerhans. Tissue was analyzed from control animals and from @entity19 that were heterozygous for the @entity72715 gene, which defines a @entity141 / @entity3007 -dependent membrane fusion and ion channel protein. The heterozygous @entity72715 (+/-) @entity19 displays defects in @entity10338 mediated @entity141 signaling and insulin secretion. Therefore, information was obtained about the distributions of the hormones insulin and glucagon, as well as the proteins @entity72715 and the @entity10338 . Insulin secretion appears to be defective in the mutants. It was found from immunolabeling experiments that expression of the @entity10338 is reduced in mutant islets compared to control islets. Subcellular distributions of @entity599 and @entity1568 obtained by electron energy-loss spectrum-imaging showed that the insulin concentrations of beta granules were essentially the same in control and mutant islets. By contrast, immunogold labeling of mutant islets shows more insulin immunoreactivity in the beta granules. It follows that insulin may be packaged differently in mutant islets, making antigenic determinants more available to the labeling antibody. The increased rate of insulin secretion in the @entity5072 mutant islets can be explained by compensatory increases in islet size, rather than by an increased insulin concentration in the beta cells. The results indicate that reduced @entity72715 expression leads to defects in the @entity10338 expression in the endocrine cells of the mutant @entity19 . Increased size of the islet or of adrenal medulla may be a compensatory mechanism for secretion defect by individual endocrine cells. Defects in @entity10338 expression, and documented consequences of a @entity141 signaling defect, lead to other changes in organelles such as the mitochondrial number in islet beta-cells. The effects and consequences of reduced @entity72715 expression on mitochondria are evident in ultrastructural observations.

title: Mapping protein expression in XXXX pancreatic islets by immunolabeling and electron energy loss spectrum-imaging.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of @entity356 frequently shows gains and amplifications of chromosome 20. However, the underlying @entity74 is unknown and conventional CGH results do not allow specification of the target region. In order to investigate this chromosomal aberration with a higher resolution and sensitivity, microarray-based CGH was performed with both scanning and high-resolution arrays of chromosome 20 in a series of 27 @entity356 . Locus-specific fragments of genomic DNA from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones were spotted as microarrays. A scanning array contained a set of 27 BAC clones covering chromosome 20q. A high-resolution array contained 27 overlapping BAC clones at 20q13.2. This high-resolution array was used to narrow down the amplicon at 20q13.2 in @entity5 showing amplification of this chromosomal region with the scanning array. Positive copy number changes on chromosome 20q were detected in 12 of 27 cases (44%). These changes included gain of the whole arm of chromosome 20q in 8 of 27 (30%) cases, amplification restricted to 20q12.1 in one case, and amplifications restricted to 20q13 in three cases (11%). The three @entity5 showing amplification restricted to 20q13 were analysed further using the high-resolution array. In one @entity5 , the whole contig was amplified at a constant level. One of the other two @entity5 had a clear proximal breakpoint, while the other @entity5 had a clear distal breakpoint within the 20q13.2 region. The proximal and the distal breakpoint were approximately 800 kb apart. In the present study, an amplicon at 20q13.2 has been narrowed down to 800 kb which is likely to harbour one or more putative oncogenes relevant to @entity356 , for which @entity50879 and @entity29381 are good candidates.

title: Determination of amplicon boundaries at 20q13.2 in tissue samples of human XXXX by high-resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']


abstract: @entity2184 is associated with a high @entity5 -related mortality due to the propensity to develop @entity3 . The mechanisms that are responsible for malignant dissemination are largely unknown and need to be explored to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 . To identify molecules involved in dissemination, we used cell lines derived from a primary @entity2184 and 2 liver @entity3 from the same @entity1 as a model for @entity5 progression. Using a microarray representing 1,176 genes, we identified 63 differentially expressed genes. Forty genes showed a higher expression and 23 showed a lower expression in the primary cell line compared to the @entity3 cell lines. These genes are involved in processes like angiogenesis, apoptosis, macrophage stimulation, and extracellular matrix regulation. In contrast, the 2 liver @entity3 cell lines produced nearly identical expression profiles. Demethylation of the primary @entity320 cell line by @entity11508 treatment revealed that 19 genes were suppressed by hypermethylation. An important finding was the 5-fold decreased expression of @entity8111 in the metastatic cell lines, a molecule involved in extracellular matrix degradation. We demonstrate in the cell lines that @entity8111 expression is regulated by methylation. These observations were confirmed in primary @entity2184 and suggests a role for @entity8111 in @entity2184 development.

title: Expression profiling reveals that methylation of XXXX is involved in @entity2184 development.

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma', 'Uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity8111 :: (7078,Gene) :: ['TIMP3']


abstract: @entity2184 is associated with a high @entity5 -related mortality due to the propensity to develop @entity3 . The mechanisms that are responsible for malignant dissemination are largely unknown and need to be explored to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 . To identify molecules involved in dissemination, we used cell lines derived from a primary @entity2184 and 2 liver @entity3 from the same @entity1 as a model for @entity5 progression. Using a microarray representing 1,176 genes, we identified 63 differentially expressed genes. Forty genes showed a higher expression and 23 showed a lower expression in the primary cell line compared to the @entity3 cell lines. These genes are involved in processes like angiogenesis, apoptosis, macrophage stimulation, and extracellular matrix regulation. In contrast, the 2 liver @entity3 cell lines produced nearly identical expression profiles. Demethylation of the primary @entity320 cell line by @entity11508 treatment revealed that 19 genes were suppressed by hypermethylation. An important finding was the 5-fold decreased expression of @entity8111 in the metastatic cell lines, a molecule involved in extracellular matrix degradation. We demonstrate in the cell lines that @entity8111 expression is regulated by methylation. These observations were confirmed in primary @entity2184 and suggests a role for @entity8111 in @entity2184 development.

title: Expression profiling reveals that methylation of @entity8111 is involved in XXXX development.

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: Eleven unique monoclonal IgG antibodies were raised against @entity95 brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4360 , EC 3.1.1.7), purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a two-step procedure involving immunoaffinity chromatography. The apparent dissociation constants of these antibodies for @entity95 @entity4360 ranged from about 10 nM to more than 100 nM (assuming one binding site per catalytic subunit). Species cross-reactivity was investigated with crude brain extracts from @entity95 , @entity35 , @entity19 cat, @entity840 , and human. One antibody bound @entity95 @entity4360 exclusively; most bound @entity4360 from three or four species; two bound enzyme from all species tested. Identical, moderate affinity for @entity35 and @entity19 brain @entity4360 was displayed by two antibodies; two others were able to distinguish between these similar antigens. Nine of the antibodies had lowered affinity for @entity4360 in the presence of 1 M @entity1219 , but two were salt resistant. Analysis of mutual interferences in @entity4360 binding suggested that certain of the antibodies were competing for nearby epitopes on the @entity4360 surface. One antibody was a potent @entity4360 inhibitor (IC50 = 10(-8) M), blocking up to 90% of the enzyme activity. Most of the antibodies were less able to bind the readily soluble @entity4360 of detergent-free brain extracts than the @entity4360 which required detergent for solubilization. The extreme case, an antibody that was unable to recognize nearly half of the "soluble" @entity4360 , was suspected of lacking affinity for the hydrophilic enzyme form.

title: Monoclonal antibodies to XXXX brain acetylcholinesterase: selective enzyme inhibition, differential affinity for enzyme forms, and cross-reactivity with other mammalian cholinesterases.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Aim. To investigate the correlation and significance between the urine soluble Fas (sFas) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression in @entity1 with @entity150 ( @entity150 ). Methods. The level of sFas was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of @entity7 protein in @entity150 surgical specimens was screened by immunohistochemical method. These data were analyzed through SPSS 13.0 software. Results. The urinary sFas levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity150 than in those without @entity5 (168.0   ng/mL    84.6 versus 56.2   ng/mL    37.0; P < 0.05) and in the cases with a higher stage or grade than in those with a lower stage or grade (each P < 0.05). They had a positive relationship between the expression of @entity7 protein and the pathological stage or grade in @entity150 tissues (each P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between sFas levels and @entity7 expressions (R = 0.882, P < 0.05). Conclusions. The effects of sFas and @entity7 may play important roles together in the occurrence and progression of @entity150 . Joint detection of urine sFas plus @entity7 protein may provide valuable solutions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of @entity150 .

title: Correlation and Significance of Urinary Soluble Fas and XXXX in Bladder @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'urothelial bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: Aim. To investigate the correlation and significance between the urine soluble Fas (sFas) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression in @entity1 with @entity150 ( @entity150 ). Methods. The level of sFas was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the expression of @entity7 protein in @entity150 surgical specimens was screened by immunohistochemical method. These data were analyzed through SPSS 13.0 software. Results. The urinary sFas levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity150 than in those without @entity5 (168.0   ng/mL    84.6 versus 56.2   ng/mL    37.0; P < 0.05) and in the cases with a higher stage or grade than in those with a lower stage or grade (each P < 0.05). They had a positive relationship between the expression of @entity7 protein and the pathological stage or grade in @entity150 tissues (each P < 0.05). Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between sFas levels and @entity7 expressions (R = 0.882, P < 0.05). Conclusions. The effects of sFas and @entity7 may play important roles together in the occurrence and progression of @entity150 . Joint detection of urine sFas plus @entity7 protein may provide valuable solutions to improve the diagnosis and treatment of @entity150 .

title: Correlation and Significance of Urinary Soluble Fas and @entity7 in Bladder XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Urothelial Cancer']


abstract: Clinical efficacy and safety of the drug impase in @entity323 ( @entity323 ) were studied in 30 @entity1 with @entity323 of various genesis (mean age 52.09 +/- 4.75 years). IIED questionnairing was employed, combined andrological examination and standard laboratory investigations. Impase was taken 1 tablet a day each other day for 12 weeks irrespective of the intercourse. The number of attempted intercourses was at least 4 times a month. The treatment efficacy was assessed by changes of IIED parameters, subjective and objective effects. @entity323 was psychogenic in 5 (16.7%) @entity1 , organic in 25 (83.3%) @entity1 . Blood hormones were normal for age in all the @entity1 . According to IIED, "erectile function" mean score after 12 week treatment rose from 18.89 +/- 5.25 to 22.50 +/- 4.86. In 11 (36.7%), 4 (13.3%), 5 (16.7%) @entity1 the response was rated as excellent, good and satisfactory, respectively. No response was stated in 10 (33.3%) @entity1 . Side effects were absent. Tolerance and safety were excellent. Thus, efficacy of impase therapy varied from 60 to 66.7% depending on @entity323 etiology and pathogenesis. Cost-efficacy, absence of side effects, possible parallel therapy of concurrent diseases, course administration are advantages of the treatment.

title: [An open non-comparative study of impase for treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: CONTEXT: Lower plasma b-amyloid 42 and 42/40 levels have been associated with incident @entity303 , but results are conflicting and few have investigated @entity73 among elders without @entity303 . OBJECTIVE: To determine if plasma b-amyloid is associated with @entity73 and if this association is modified by measures of cognitive reserve. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We studied 997 black and white community-dwelling older adults from Memphis, Tennessee, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who were enrolled in the Health ABC Study, a prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998 with 10-year follow-up in 2006-2007. @entity1 mean age was 74.0 (SD, 3.0) years; 55.2% (n = 550) were female; and 54.0% (n = 538) were black. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of near-baseline plasma b-amyloid levels (42 and 42/40 measured in 2010) and repeatedly measured Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) results. RESULTS: Low b-amyloid 42/40 level was associated with greater 9-year 3MS @entity73 (lowest b-amyloid tertile: mean change in 3MS score, -6.59 [95% confidence interval [CI], -5.21 to -7.67] points; middle tertile: -6.16 [95% CI, -4.92 to -7.32] points; and highest tertile: -3.60 [95% CI, -2.27 to -4.73] points; P < .001). Results were similar after multivariate adjustment for age, race, education, @entity6 , smoking, and @entity2204 [ @entity2204 ] e4 status and after excluding the 72 @entity1 with incident @entity303 . Measures of cognitive reserve modified this association whereby among those with high reserve (at least a high school diploma, higher than sixth-grade literacy, or no @entity2204 e4 allele), b-amyloid 42/40 was less associated with multivariate adjusted 9-year decline. For example, among @entity1 with less than a high school diploma, the 3MS score decline was -8.94 (95% CI, -6.94 to -10.94) for the lowest tertile compared with -4.45 (95% CI, -2.31 to -6.59) for the highest tertile, but for those with at least a high school diploma, 3MS score decline was -4.60 (95% CI,-3.07 to -6.13) for the lowest tertile and -2.88 (95% CI,-1.41 to -4.35) for the highest tertile (P = .004 for interaction). Interactions were also observed for literacy (P = .005) and for @entity2204 e4 allele (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Lower plasma b-amyloid 42/40 is associated with greater @entity73 among elderly @entity1 without @entity303 over 9 years, and this association is stronger among those with low measures of cognitive reserve.

title: Association of plasma beta-amyloid level and cognitive reserve with subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the @entity137 and patterns of failure of proton therapy given in ablative doses for medically inoperable early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen @entity1 with medically inoperable T1N0M0 (central location) or T2-3N0M0 (any location) @entity1149 were treated with proton therapy at 87.5 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) at 2.5 Gy /fraction in this Phase I/II study. All @entity1 underwent treatment simulation with four-dimensional CT; internal gross @entity5 volumes were delineated on maximal intensity projection images and modified by visual verification of the target volume in 10 breathing phases. The internal gross @entity5 volumes with maximal intensity projection density was used to design compensators and apertures to account for @entity5 motion. Therapy consisted of passively scattered protons. All @entity1 underwent repeat four-dimensional CT simulations during treatment to assess the need for adaptive replanning. RESULTS: At a median follow-up time of 16.3 months (range, 4.8-36.3 months), no @entity1 had experienced Grade 4 or 5 @entity137 . The most common adverse effect was @entity1909 (Grade 2, 67%; Grade 3, 17%), followed by Grade 2 @entity1295 (44%), Grade 2 @entity55 (11%), Grade 2 @entity2910 (6%), and Grade 2 chest wall @entity158 (6%). Rates of local control were 88.9%, regional lymph node failure 11.1%, and distant metastasis 27.8%. Twelve @entity1 (67%) were still alive at the last follow-up; five had died of @entity3 and one of preexisting @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Proton therapy to ablative doses is well tolerated and produces promising local control rates for medically inoperable early-stage @entity1149 .

title: XXXX and patterns of failure of adaptive/ablative proton therapy for early-stage, medically inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the @entity137 and patterns of failure of proton therapy given in ablative doses for medically inoperable early-stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighteen @entity1 with medically inoperable T1N0M0 (central location) or T2-3N0M0 (any location) @entity1149 were treated with proton therapy at 87.5 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) at 2.5 Gy /fraction in this Phase I/II study. All @entity1 underwent treatment simulation with four-dimensional CT; internal gross @entity5 volumes were delineated on maximal intensity projection images and modified by visual verification of the target volume in 10 breathing phases. The internal gross @entity5 volumes with maximal intensity projection density was used to design compensators and apertures to account for @entity5 motion. Therapy consisted of passively scattered protons. All @entity1 underwent repeat four-dimensional CT simulations during treatment to assess the need for adaptive replanning. RESULTS: At a median follow-up time of 16.3 months (range, 4.8-36.3 months), no @entity1 had experienced Grade 4 or 5 @entity137 . The most common adverse effect was @entity1909 (Grade 2, 67%; Grade 3, 17%), followed by Grade 2 @entity1295 (44%), Grade 2 @entity55 (11%), Grade 2 @entity2910 (6%), and Grade 2 chest wall @entity158 (6%). Rates of local control were 88.9%, regional lymph node failure 11.1%, and distant metastasis 27.8%. Twelve @entity1 (67%) were still alive at the last follow-up; five had died of @entity3 and one of preexisting @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Proton therapy to ablative doses is well tolerated and produces promising local control rates for medically inoperable early-stage @entity1149 .

title: @entity137 and patterns of failure of adaptive/ablative proton therapy for early-stage, medically inoperable XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity310 antagonist therapy is associated with a risk of severe, extrapulmonary, disseminated @entity378 , which is fatal in 10% of cases. The risk of @entity378 is increased four-fold in @entity1 on @entity310 antagonist therapy. The main risk factors are a history of untreated or inadequately treated @entity378 , recent contact with a @entity378 @entity1 , and residence in or travel to a high-endemicity region. Infection surveillance agencies throughout the world have issued recommendations to ensure the detection and treatment of @entity9178 before @entity310 antagonist initiation. These recommendations have returned the incidence of @entity378 to the level seen before the introduction of @entity310 antagonists. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement. Recommendations about @entity9178 screening include the use of tuberculin skin tests. However, these tests are positive in individuals vaccinated with the BCG vaccine, which leads to overuse of @entity378 chemoprophylaxis and, therefore, to unnecessary @entity1 exposure to hepatotoxic effects. Furthermore, tuberculin skin tests may be falsely negative in immunosuppressed @entity1 , leading to underuse of @entity378 prophylaxis. These shortcomings of tuberculin skin tests have generated interest in @entity379 release assays (IGRAs). In @entity1 with overt @entity378 , IGRAs are more sensitive and more specific than tuberculin skin tests. However, the accuracy of IGRAs for diagnosing @entity9178 remains unknown, because no reference standard is available. In addition, @entity1 taking immunosuppressant agents to treat @entity262 may exhibit anergia, which complicates the interpretation of IGRAs. Until additional data become available, caution requires that IGRAs be used only when a positive or negative result, as assessed on a case-by-case basis, will help to decide whether @entity378 chemoprophylaxis is in order.

title: Role for @entity379 release assays in @entity9178 screening before XXXX antagonist therapy.

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['primary tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: @entity310 antagonist therapy is associated with a risk of severe, extrapulmonary, disseminated @entity378 , which is fatal in 10% of cases. The risk of @entity378 is increased four-fold in @entity1 on @entity310 antagonist therapy. The main risk factors are a history of untreated or inadequately treated @entity378 , recent contact with a @entity378 @entity1 , and residence in or travel to a high-endemicity region. Infection surveillance agencies throughout the world have issued recommendations to ensure the detection and treatment of @entity9178 before @entity310 antagonist initiation. These recommendations have returned the incidence of @entity378 to the level seen before the introduction of @entity310 antagonists. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement. Recommendations about @entity9178 screening include the use of tuberculin skin tests. However, these tests are positive in individuals vaccinated with the BCG vaccine, which leads to overuse of @entity378 chemoprophylaxis and, therefore, to unnecessary @entity1 exposure to hepatotoxic effects. Furthermore, tuberculin skin tests may be falsely negative in immunosuppressed @entity1 , leading to underuse of @entity378 prophylaxis. These shortcomings of tuberculin skin tests have generated interest in @entity379 release assays (IGRAs). In @entity1 with overt @entity378 , IGRAs are more sensitive and more specific than tuberculin skin tests. However, the accuracy of IGRAs for diagnosing @entity9178 remains unknown, because no reference standard is available. In addition, @entity1 taking immunosuppressant agents to treat @entity262 may exhibit anergia, which complicates the interpretation of IGRAs. Until additional data become available, caution requires that IGRAs be used only when a positive or negative result, as assessed on a case-by-case basis, will help to decide whether @entity378 chemoprophylaxis is in order.

title: Role for XXXX release assays in @entity9178 screening before @entity310 antagonist therapy.

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: @entity310 antagonist therapy is associated with a risk of severe, extrapulmonary, disseminated @entity378 , which is fatal in 10% of cases. The risk of @entity378 is increased four-fold in @entity1 on @entity310 antagonist therapy. The main risk factors are a history of untreated or inadequately treated @entity378 , recent contact with a @entity378 @entity1 , and residence in or travel to a high-endemicity region. Infection surveillance agencies throughout the world have issued recommendations to ensure the detection and treatment of @entity9178 before @entity310 antagonist initiation. These recommendations have returned the incidence of @entity378 to the level seen before the introduction of @entity310 antagonists. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement. Recommendations about @entity9178 screening include the use of tuberculin skin tests. However, these tests are positive in individuals vaccinated with the BCG vaccine, which leads to overuse of @entity378 chemoprophylaxis and, therefore, to unnecessary @entity1 exposure to hepatotoxic effects. Furthermore, tuberculin skin tests may be falsely negative in immunosuppressed @entity1 , leading to underuse of @entity378 prophylaxis. These shortcomings of tuberculin skin tests have generated interest in @entity379 release assays (IGRAs). In @entity1 with overt @entity378 , IGRAs are more sensitive and more specific than tuberculin skin tests. However, the accuracy of IGRAs for diagnosing @entity9178 remains unknown, because no reference standard is available. In addition, @entity1 taking immunosuppressant agents to treat @entity262 may exhibit anergia, which complicates the interpretation of IGRAs. Until additional data become available, caution requires that IGRAs be used only when a positive or negative result, as assessed on a case-by-case basis, will help to decide whether @entity378 chemoprophylaxis is in order.

title: Role for @entity379 release assays in XXXX screening before @entity310 antagonist therapy.

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reduce the recurrent rate of the nasal @entity1179 (NIP), the staging system of the NIP and the select criterion of surgical approaches were researched. METHOD: Based on the feature of the @entity5 and CT examination, forty-one cases of NIP were divided into T1, T2, T3, T4. Nineteen @entity1 were treated endoscopically. Twenty @entity1 were undergone lateral rhinotomy. Two @entity1 were treated with medial maxillectomy. RESULT: Recurrent rate of the endoscopic management was 10.5%. Recurrent rate of the lateral rhinotomy was 15.0%. CONCLUSION: The disease of the T1, T2, T3a can be treated by endoscopic management. The disease of the T3b, T4 can be treated by lateral rhinotomy or other approach. The selection of the surgical approach depended on the @entity5 clinical staging system.

title: [Clinical staging system and surgical treatment for nasal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of defibrillation threshold testing in @entity1 undergoing @entity737 ( @entity737 ) implantation is controversial. Higher defibrillation thresholds have been noted in @entity1 undergoing implantation of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Since the risks and potential benefits of testing may be higher in this population, we sought to assess the impact of defibrillation safety margin or vulnerability safety margin testing in @entity299 recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 256 consecutive subjects who underwent @entity299 implantation between January 2003 and December 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were divided into two groups based on whether (n= 204) or not (n= 52) safety margin testing was performed. @entity1 characteristics, @entity591 therapies, procedural results, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Baseline characteristics, including @entity712 ( @entity712 ) severity, were comparable between the groups. Four cases of @entity712 exacerbation (2%), including one leading to one @entity204 , were recorded in the tested group immediately post-implantation. No complications were observed in the untested group. After a mean follow-up of 32    20 months, the proportion of appropriate shocks in the two groups was similar (31 vs. 25%, P = 0.49). There were three cases of failed appropriate shocks in the tested group, despite adequate safety margins at implantation, whereas no failed shocks were noted in the untested group. Survival was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Defibrillation efficacy testing during implant of @entity299 was associated with increased morbidity and did not predict the success of future device therapy or improve survival during long-term follow-up.

title: Defibrillation threshold testing fails to show clinical benefit during long-term follow-up of XXXX undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CRT-D', 'cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: High-risk @entity1082 )-associated @entity105 of the uterine cervix is a particularly useful model to study basic mechanisms of genomic instability in @entity5 . Cervical @entity105 is associated with the expression of two high-risk HPV-encoded oncoproteins, E6 and E7. Aneuploidy, the most frequent form of genomic instability in @entity1 @entity189 , develops as early as in nonmalignant cervical precursor lesions. In addition, cervical @entity5 is frequently associated with abnormal multipolar mitotic figures, suggesting disturbances of the cell-division process as a mechanism for chromosome segregation defects. Spindle poles are formed by centrosomes, and the high-risk HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins can each induce @entity854 . These two HPV oncoproteins, however, induce centrosome abnormalities through fundamentally different mechanisms and, presumably, with different functional consequences. High-risk HPV E7, which targets the @entity996 @entity5 suppressor pathway, can provoke abnormal centrosome duplication in phenotypically normal cells. On the contrary, cells expressing the HPV E6 oncoprotein, which inactivates @entity876 , accumulate abnormal numbers of centrosomes in parallel with multinucleation and nuclear atypia. These two pathways are not mutually exclusive, since co-expression of HPV E6 and E7 has synergistic effects on centrosome abnormalities and chromosomal instability. Taken together, these findings support the general model in which chromosomal instability arises as a direct consequence of oncogenic insults and can develop at early stages of @entity5 progression.

title: Centrosomes, genomic instability, and cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal centrosome numbers']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: Autoantibodies have defined two paraneoplastic @entity227 related to @entity151 : @entity989 ("CAR"-IgG [23kDa, @entity24739 ]) and @entity7995 collapsin response-mediated protein 5 ( @entity21969 -IgG [62kDa]). Among 16 @entity1 with @entity21969 -IgG and @entity7995 (aged 52-74 years; all smokers, 9 @entity1 ), we documented coexisting @entity2479 in 5. None had CAR-IgG. Fifteen had subacute @entity1018 , swollen optic discs, and field defects. Vascular leakage was evident at and remote from the disc; 5/5 tested had abnormal electroretinograms. Nine had striking vitreous cells. Vitrectomy showed @entity6113 (4/4), predominantly @entity404 (+) (1/1). Most @entity1 had multifocal neurological accompaniments. Cerebrospinal fluid contained lymphocytes (7-32), elevated protein, multiple oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands, and @entity21969 -IgG. Three @entity1 superficially resembled @entity1652 at presentation. One autopsied @entity1 had predominantly @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes infiltrating optic nerve and spinal cord. Eleven @entity1 had confirmed @entity4153 ; 1 had imaging evidence of @entity2 ; 3 had @entity703 . Full-length @entity21969 protein was identified in normal retina and optic nerve by Western blot analyses. Photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, and nerve fibers exhibited @entity21969 -specific immunoreactivity. In summary, @entity21969 -IgG defines a paraneoplastic ophthalmological entity of combined @entity7995 and @entity2479 with vitreous inflammatory cells. Positive serology obviates the need for vitreous biopsy and expedites the search for @entity5 .

title: Paraneoplastic autoimmune @entity7995 with XXXX defined by @entity21969 -IgG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity6113 :: ('MESH:D008218', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ["Devic's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal or thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinitis']


abstract: Autoantibodies have defined two paraneoplastic @entity227 related to @entity151 : @entity989 ("CAR"-IgG [23kDa, @entity24739 ]) and @entity7995 collapsin response-mediated protein 5 ( @entity21969 -IgG [62kDa]). Among 16 @entity1 with @entity21969 -IgG and @entity7995 (aged 52-74 years; all smokers, 9 @entity1 ), we documented coexisting @entity2479 in 5. None had CAR-IgG. Fifteen had subacute @entity1018 , swollen optic discs, and field defects. Vascular leakage was evident at and remote from the disc; 5/5 tested had abnormal electroretinograms. Nine had striking vitreous cells. Vitrectomy showed @entity6113 (4/4), predominantly @entity404 (+) (1/1). Most @entity1 had multifocal neurological accompaniments. Cerebrospinal fluid contained lymphocytes (7-32), elevated protein, multiple oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands, and @entity21969 -IgG. Three @entity1 superficially resembled @entity1652 at presentation. One autopsied @entity1 had predominantly @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes infiltrating optic nerve and spinal cord. Eleven @entity1 had confirmed @entity4153 ; 1 had imaging evidence of @entity2 ; 3 had @entity703 . Full-length @entity21969 protein was identified in normal retina and optic nerve by Western blot analyses. Photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, and nerve fibers exhibited @entity21969 -specific immunoreactivity. In summary, @entity21969 -IgG defines a paraneoplastic ophthalmological entity of combined @entity7995 and @entity2479 with vitreous inflammatory cells. Positive serology obviates the need for vitreous biopsy and expedites the search for @entity5 .

title: Paraneoplastic autoimmune XXXX with @entity2479 defined by @entity21969 -IgG.

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: Autoantibodies have defined two paraneoplastic @entity227 related to @entity151 : @entity989 ("CAR"-IgG [23kDa, @entity24739 ]) and @entity7995 collapsin response-mediated protein 5 ( @entity21969 -IgG [62kDa]). Among 16 @entity1 with @entity21969 -IgG and @entity7995 (aged 52-74 years; all smokers, 9 @entity1 ), we documented coexisting @entity2479 in 5. None had CAR-IgG. Fifteen had subacute @entity1018 , swollen optic discs, and field defects. Vascular leakage was evident at and remote from the disc; 5/5 tested had abnormal electroretinograms. Nine had striking vitreous cells. Vitrectomy showed @entity6113 (4/4), predominantly @entity404 (+) (1/1). Most @entity1 had multifocal neurological accompaniments. Cerebrospinal fluid contained lymphocytes (7-32), elevated protein, multiple oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands, and @entity21969 -IgG. Three @entity1 superficially resembled @entity1652 at presentation. One autopsied @entity1 had predominantly @entity405 (+) T lymphocytes infiltrating optic nerve and spinal cord. Eleven @entity1 had confirmed @entity4153 ; 1 had imaging evidence of @entity2 ; 3 had @entity703 . Full-length @entity21969 protein was identified in normal retina and optic nerve by Western blot analyses. Photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, and nerve fibers exhibited @entity21969 -specific immunoreactivity. In summary, @entity21969 -IgG defines a paraneoplastic ophthalmological entity of combined @entity7995 and @entity2479 with vitreous inflammatory cells. Positive serology obviates the need for vitreous biopsy and expedites the search for @entity5 .

title: Paraneoplastic autoimmune @entity7995 with @entity2479 defined by XXXX -IgG.

answer: @entity21969 :: (56896,Gene) :: ['CRMP-5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary prevention studies for @entity64 show a remarkable variability in @entity64 recurrence rates. Various reports have raised questions regarding differences in baseline clinical characteristics and in methodology to explain this wide variability. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the present study is to examine the 2-year outcome after first @entity64 of atrial origin and to correlate secondary prognosis with left @entity955 . METHODS: Baseline evaluation included computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance scanning, Doppler scanning, digital subtraction angiography, and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to establish the diagnosis of @entity999 . Twenty-six @entity1 in nonrheumatic @entity955 and 13 in sinus rhythm were followed for recurrent @entity64 as endpoints (event +/-). RESULTS: @entity1 in sinus rhythm had a total of 23% (standard deviation +/- 12%) recurrence rate. All event (+) @entity1 were on @entity117 and died from this second @entity64 . Of @entity1 in nonrheumatic @entity955 , 50% were event (+) at the end of the first year ( @entity204 rate 46%). @entity1 on @entity1229 therapy had 20% recurrence rate versus 70% on @entity117 (relative risk 0, 18, 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.48, p 0.041). Inward peak velocity of left @entity955 was the only echocardiographic variable significantly reduced in event (+) @entity1 (21 +/- 7 vs. 31 +/- 17 cm/s, p 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with nonrheumatic @entity955 and first @entity64 are at increased risk for recurrence if severe dysfunction of the left @entity955 is present and if they do not receive @entity1229 treatment. @entity1 with sinus rhythm and first @entity64 form a small @entity64 subgroup, in which recurrences are accompanied by a remarkably high @entity204 rate.

title: Secondary prognosis after XXXX of atrial origin: the role of left @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardioembolic strokes', 'stroke and vascular death', 'atrial origin cardioembolic stroke', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['atrial source of emboli']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial and left atrial appendage dysfunction', 'atrial appendage']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cardioembolic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary prevention studies for @entity64 show a remarkable variability in @entity64 recurrence rates. Various reports have raised questions regarding differences in baseline clinical characteristics and in methodology to explain this wide variability. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the present study is to examine the 2-year outcome after first @entity64 of atrial origin and to correlate secondary prognosis with left @entity955 . METHODS: Baseline evaluation included computed tomographic and/or magnetic resonance scanning, Doppler scanning, digital subtraction angiography, and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to establish the diagnosis of @entity999 . Twenty-six @entity1 in nonrheumatic @entity955 and 13 in sinus rhythm were followed for recurrent @entity64 as endpoints (event +/-). RESULTS: @entity1 in sinus rhythm had a total of 23% (standard deviation +/- 12%) recurrence rate. All event (+) @entity1 were on @entity117 and died from this second @entity64 . Of @entity1 in nonrheumatic @entity955 , 50% were event (+) at the end of the first year ( @entity204 rate 46%). @entity1 on @entity1229 therapy had 20% recurrence rate versus 70% on @entity117 (relative risk 0, 18, 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.48, p 0.041). Inward peak velocity of left @entity955 was the only echocardiographic variable significantly reduced in event (+) @entity1 (21 +/- 7 vs. 31 +/- 17 cm/s, p 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with nonrheumatic @entity955 and first @entity64 are at increased risk for recurrence if severe dysfunction of the left @entity955 is present and if they do not receive @entity1229 treatment. @entity1 with sinus rhythm and first @entity64 form a small @entity64 subgroup, in which recurrences are accompanied by a remarkably high @entity204 rate.

title: Secondary prognosis after @entity64 of atrial origin: the role of left XXXX .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial and left atrial appendage dysfunction']


abstract: In a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of MCNU was compared with that of @entity1863 in 95 @entity1 with @entity1860 . Of the @entity1 studied, 95 were entered among whom 77 were evaluable. These comprised 40 for an MCNU group (M) and 37 for a @entity1863 group (B). No significant difference was found statistically between the two groups with regard to background factors, i.e., male-to-female ratio, age, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, @entity381 or @entity12297 chromosome. RESULTS: CR rate was 83% for M and 68% for B, and the number of days to CR was 88 for M and 155 for B. Blastic crisis was noted in 31% of M @entity1 and 33% of B @entity1 and the number of days to blastic crisis was 542.6 and 581.9, respectively for the two groups. Deaths accounted for 28% and 29% for each of M and B. Side effects were observed in 31% of M cases and 15% of B cases. A significant difference was observed only in the period to CR. MCNU showed almost equal efficacy to that of @entity1863 but was superior to @entity1863 in @entity1 who required rapid response. Side effects were mild and transient. Despite its delivery by intravenous injection, the administration of MCNU is deemed convenient, considering the long interval possible between treatments, being comparable in this respect with oral @entity1863 . MCNU therefore seems a very effective drug for @entity1860 .

title: [Randomized controlled study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) in comparison with @entity1863 for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: In a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of MCNU was compared with that of @entity1863 in 95 @entity1 with @entity1860 . Of the @entity1 studied, 95 were entered among whom 77 were evaluable. These comprised 40 for an MCNU group (M) and 37 for a @entity1863 group (B). No significant difference was found statistically between the two groups with regard to background factors, i.e., male-to-female ratio, age, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, @entity381 or @entity12297 chromosome. RESULTS: CR rate was 83% for M and 68% for B, and the number of days to CR was 88 for M and 155 for B. Blastic crisis was noted in 31% of M @entity1 and 33% of B @entity1 and the number of days to blastic crisis was 542.6 and 581.9, respectively for the two groups. Deaths accounted for 28% and 29% for each of M and B. Side effects were observed in 31% of M cases and 15% of B cases. A significant difference was observed only in the period to CR. MCNU showed almost equal efficacy to that of @entity1863 but was superior to @entity1863 in @entity1 who required rapid response. Side effects were mild and transient. Despite its delivery by intravenous injection, the administration of MCNU is deemed convenient, considering the long interval possible between treatments, being comparable in this respect with oral @entity1863 . MCNU therefore seems a very effective drug for @entity1860 .

title: [Randomized controlled study of methyl 6-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) in comparison with XXXX for @entity1860 ].

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: In intact neonatal piglets, two strains of enterotoxigenic @entity526 ( @entity17052 ), which could adhere to epithelial cells and thus colonize the small intestine, attracted greater numbers of neutrophils into the lumen and wall of the intestine than did a nonenteropathogenic strain of @entity526 . Ligated loops of small intestine in 8-week-old @entity1707 were used in attempts to identify the attributes of @entity17052 involved in stimulating an increased enteroluminal migration of neutrophils. A nonenteropathogenic strain of @entity526 did not attract neutrophils into the intestinal lumen in this model. However, three of the five @entity17052 strains tested did so. The three positive strains all produced heat-stable enterotoxin type b (STb). Neither of the negative @entity17052 strains produced STb. An STb-containing culture supernatant prepared from a strain of @entity526 which contained an STb plasmid did not attract significantly more neutrophils than did a control supernatant prepared from the same strain of @entity526 without the plasmid. The @entity17052 strains which attracted neutrophils in loops did not associate intimately with loop villi more consistently, nor did they grow to higher numbers in loops than strains which did not. It was concluded that there are increased numbers of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen during @entity17052 infection of newborn @entity1707 . However, attempts to identify the attribute(s) of @entity17052 responsible for eliciting enteroluminal neutrophils were not successful.

title: Elicitation of enteroluminal neutrophils by enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic strains of XXXX in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: In intact neonatal piglets, two strains of enterotoxigenic @entity526 ( @entity17052 ), which could adhere to epithelial cells and thus colonize the small intestine, attracted greater numbers of neutrophils into the lumen and wall of the intestine than did a nonenteropathogenic strain of @entity526 . Ligated loops of small intestine in 8-week-old @entity1707 were used in attempts to identify the attributes of @entity17052 involved in stimulating an increased enteroluminal migration of neutrophils. A nonenteropathogenic strain of @entity526 did not attract neutrophils into the intestinal lumen in this model. However, three of the five @entity17052 strains tested did so. The three positive strains all produced heat-stable enterotoxin type b (STb). Neither of the negative @entity17052 strains produced STb. An STb-containing culture supernatant prepared from a strain of @entity526 which contained an STb plasmid did not attract significantly more neutrophils than did a control supernatant prepared from the same strain of @entity526 without the plasmid. The @entity17052 strains which attracted neutrophils in loops did not associate intimately with loop villi more consistently, nor did they grow to higher numbers in loops than strains which did not. It was concluded that there are increased numbers of neutrophils in the intestinal lumen during @entity17052 infection of newborn @entity1707 . However, attempts to identify the attribute(s) of @entity17052 responsible for eliciting enteroluminal neutrophils were not successful.

title: Elicitation of enteroluminal neutrophils by enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic strains of @entity526 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Methods for identifying Neisseria spp. include conventional and modified @entity1735 degradation procedures, chromogenic enzyme substrate tests, and immunologic coagglutination tests for @entity6368 . In this study, we evaluated the abilities of the RIM-N @entity1735 degradation system (American MicroScan, Campbell, Calif.), the Gonochek II enzymatic identification system (Du Pont Co., Wilmington, Del.), and the Phadebact Gonococcus coagglutination test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) to identify pathogenic Neisseria spp. and @entity6729 . Both stock strains and clinical isolates, including 176 @entity6368 , 173 @entity3631 , 48 @entity11791 , and 12 @entity6729 strains, were tested. The RIM-N identified 98% of the gonococci, 99% of the meningococci, 94% of the @entity11791 strains, and 100% of the @entity6729 strains within 1 h. The Gonochek II system identified 99% of the gonococci, 97% of the meningococci, 100% of the @entity11791 strains, and 100% of the @entity6729 strains within 30 min. Phadebact coagglutination provided clearly positive results for only 77% of the @entity6368 strains, producing negative or equivocal results with 23% of the strains. The RIM-N and Gonocheck II tests generally produced clear-cut reactions. An additional advantage of the Gonocheck II system was the small inoculum required for the performance of the test compared with the other systems, thus allowing the identification of @entity6368 directly from the primary isolation medium.

title: Evaluation of the RIM-N, Gonochek II, and Phadebact systems for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity11791 :: ('486', 'Species') :: ['N. lactamica', 'Neisseria lactamica']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis', 'B. catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1278 carries the highest mortality rate of any @entity146 . Even the most critically ill anorexic @entity1 may present with normal 'standard' laboratory values, underscoring the need for a new sensitive biomarker. The complement cascade, a major component of innate immunity, represents a driving force in the pathophysiology of multiple inflammatory disorders. The role of @entity465 remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of @entity4417 levels, the extent of complement activation and of complement hemolytic activity in serum, as potential new biomarkers for the severity of @entity1278 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study on 14 @entity1 with severe @entity1278 , as defined by a body mass index (BMI) <14 kg/m2. Serum samples were obtained in a biweekly manner until hospital discharge. A total of 17 healthy subjects with normal BMI values served as controls. The serum levels of @entity4417 , @entity4417 , @entity2242 , sC5b-9, and of the 50% hemolytic complement activity (CH50) were quantified and correlated with the BMIs of @entity1 and control subjects. RESULTS: Serum C3 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1278 than in controls (median 3.7 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.5-4.9) vs 11.4 (IQR 8.9-13.7, P <0.001). In contrast, complement activation fragments and CH50 levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was a strong correlation between index C3 levels and BMI (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.71, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4417 serum levels may represent a sensitive new biomarker for monitoring the severity of @entity1278 . The finding from this preliminary pilot study will require further investigation in future prospective large-scale multicenter trials.

title: @entity4417 serum levels in XXXX : a potential biomarker for the severity of disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity4417 :: ('718', 'Gene') :: ['Complement C3', 'C3a', 'complement C3']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa', 'disease in anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement in anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1278 carries the highest mortality rate of any @entity146 . Even the most critically ill anorexic @entity1 may present with normal 'standard' laboratory values, underscoring the need for a new sensitive biomarker. The complement cascade, a major component of innate immunity, represents a driving force in the pathophysiology of multiple inflammatory disorders. The role of @entity465 remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of @entity4417 levels, the extent of complement activation and of complement hemolytic activity in serum, as potential new biomarkers for the severity of @entity1278 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study on 14 @entity1 with severe @entity1278 , as defined by a body mass index (BMI) <14 kg/m2. Serum samples were obtained in a biweekly manner until hospital discharge. A total of 17 healthy subjects with normal BMI values served as controls. The serum levels of @entity4417 , @entity4417 , @entity2242 , sC5b-9, and of the 50% hemolytic complement activity (CH50) were quantified and correlated with the BMIs of @entity1 and control subjects. RESULTS: Serum C3 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1278 than in controls (median 3.7 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.5-4.9) vs 11.4 (IQR 8.9-13.7, P <0.001). In contrast, complement activation fragments and CH50 levels were not significantly different between the two groups. There was a strong correlation between index C3 levels and BMI (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.71, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4417 serum levels may represent a sensitive new biomarker for monitoring the severity of @entity1278 . The finding from this preliminary pilot study will require further investigation in future prospective large-scale multicenter trials.

title: XXXX serum levels in @entity1278 : a potential biomarker for the severity of disease?

answer: @entity4417 :: (718,Gene) :: ['Complement C3']


abstract: The present study was designed for exploration of hormonal disturbances underlying common forms of @entity2588 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 and @entity28 amenorrheic subjects had significantly elevated @entity1815 (E1) levels, elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, and an exaggerated luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. However, @entity2671 (delta 4A), the precursor of E1, was elevated only in @entity3610 . Thus, the E1/delta 4A ratio, which provides an indirect index of aromatase activity in extraglandular sites, was raised in @entity28 subjects as a group but not in @entity3610 subjects. These findings suggest that elevated E1 levels, which give rise to abnormal gonadotropin secretion, arise from increased available @entity3800 in @entity3610 but from an increased effect of aromatase (present in adipose tissue) in @entity28 subjects. Measurement of @entity3800 and the E1/delta 4A ratio provides insights into the relative contributions of @entity3610 and enhanced aromatase activity to the genesis of @entity2588 in these groups. In @entity1 with suppressed @entity53 levels associated with @entity4089 or @entity353 , follicle-stimulating hormone levels were suppressed, while luteinizing hormone was not elevated. Prolactin excess explains these findings in @entity4089 . Plasma E1 levels and the E1/delta 4A ratio were suppressed in @entity1 with @entity353 , possibly as a consequence of reduced @entity1386 . This finding suggests that hypothesis that a minimum level of E1, dependent upon adequate @entity1386 , is critical for the normal mature function of the @entity43 . Abnormal E1/delta 4A ratios, high in @entity28 -associated @entity2588 and suppressed in @entity353 -associated @entity2588 , may provide specific markers for these groups of @entity1 .

title: Altered @entity2671 and @entity1815 dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal profiles in amenorrheic subjects with XXXX or @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenemia', 'PCO', 'Polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: The present study was designed for exploration of hormonal disturbances underlying common forms of @entity2588 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 and @entity28 amenorrheic subjects had significantly elevated @entity1815 (E1) levels, elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, and an exaggerated luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. However, @entity2671 (delta 4A), the precursor of E1, was elevated only in @entity3610 . Thus, the E1/delta 4A ratio, which provides an indirect index of aromatase activity in extraglandular sites, was raised in @entity28 subjects as a group but not in @entity3610 subjects. These findings suggest that elevated E1 levels, which give rise to abnormal gonadotropin secretion, arise from increased available @entity3800 in @entity3610 but from an increased effect of aromatase (present in adipose tissue) in @entity28 subjects. Measurement of @entity3800 and the E1/delta 4A ratio provides insights into the relative contributions of @entity3610 and enhanced aromatase activity to the genesis of @entity2588 in these groups. In @entity1 with suppressed @entity53 levels associated with @entity4089 or @entity353 , follicle-stimulating hormone levels were suppressed, while luteinizing hormone was not elevated. Prolactin excess explains these findings in @entity4089 . Plasma E1 levels and the E1/delta 4A ratio were suppressed in @entity1 with @entity353 , possibly as a consequence of reduced @entity1386 . This finding suggests that hypothesis that a minimum level of E1, dependent upon adequate @entity1386 , is critical for the normal mature function of the @entity43 . Abnormal E1/delta 4A ratios, high in @entity28 -associated @entity2588 and suppressed in @entity353 -associated @entity2588 , may provide specific markers for these groups of @entity1 .

title: Altered @entity2671 and @entity1815 dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal profiles in amenorrheic subjects with @entity353 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The present study was designed for exploration of hormonal disturbances underlying common forms of @entity2588 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 and @entity28 amenorrheic subjects had significantly elevated @entity1815 (E1) levels, elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, and an exaggerated luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. However, @entity2671 (delta 4A), the precursor of E1, was elevated only in @entity3610 . Thus, the E1/delta 4A ratio, which provides an indirect index of aromatase activity in extraglandular sites, was raised in @entity28 subjects as a group but not in @entity3610 subjects. These findings suggest that elevated E1 levels, which give rise to abnormal gonadotropin secretion, arise from increased available @entity3800 in @entity3610 but from an increased effect of aromatase (present in adipose tissue) in @entity28 subjects. Measurement of @entity3800 and the E1/delta 4A ratio provides insights into the relative contributions of @entity3610 and enhanced aromatase activity to the genesis of @entity2588 in these groups. In @entity1 with suppressed @entity53 levels associated with @entity4089 or @entity353 , follicle-stimulating hormone levels were suppressed, while luteinizing hormone was not elevated. Prolactin excess explains these findings in @entity4089 . Plasma E1 levels and the E1/delta 4A ratio were suppressed in @entity1 with @entity353 , possibly as a consequence of reduced @entity1386 . This finding suggests that hypothesis that a minimum level of E1, dependent upon adequate @entity1386 , is critical for the normal mature function of the @entity43 . Abnormal E1/delta 4A ratios, high in @entity28 -associated @entity2588 and suppressed in @entity353 -associated @entity2588 , may provide specific markers for these groups of @entity1 .

title: Altered XXXX and @entity1815 dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal profiles in amenorrheic subjects with @entity353 or @entity28 .

answer: @entity2671 :: (MESH:D000735,Chemical) :: ['androstenedione']


abstract: The present study was designed for exploration of hormonal disturbances underlying common forms of @entity2588 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 and @entity28 amenorrheic subjects had significantly elevated @entity1815 (E1) levels, elevated luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, and an exaggerated luteinizing hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. However, @entity2671 (delta 4A), the precursor of E1, was elevated only in @entity3610 . Thus, the E1/delta 4A ratio, which provides an indirect index of aromatase activity in extraglandular sites, was raised in @entity28 subjects as a group but not in @entity3610 subjects. These findings suggest that elevated E1 levels, which give rise to abnormal gonadotropin secretion, arise from increased available @entity3800 in @entity3610 but from an increased effect of aromatase (present in adipose tissue) in @entity28 subjects. Measurement of @entity3800 and the E1/delta 4A ratio provides insights into the relative contributions of @entity3610 and enhanced aromatase activity to the genesis of @entity2588 in these groups. In @entity1 with suppressed @entity53 levels associated with @entity4089 or @entity353 , follicle-stimulating hormone levels were suppressed, while luteinizing hormone was not elevated. Prolactin excess explains these findings in @entity4089 . Plasma E1 levels and the E1/delta 4A ratio were suppressed in @entity1 with @entity353 , possibly as a consequence of reduced @entity1386 . This finding suggests that hypothesis that a minimum level of E1, dependent upon adequate @entity1386 , is critical for the normal mature function of the @entity43 . Abnormal E1/delta 4A ratios, high in @entity28 -associated @entity2588 and suppressed in @entity353 -associated @entity2588 , may provide specific markers for these groups of @entity1 .

title: Altered @entity2671 and XXXX dynamics associated with abnormal hormonal profiles in amenorrheic subjects with @entity353 or @entity28 .

answer: @entity1815 :: (MESH:D004970,Chemical) :: ['estrone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Readmission rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for @entity5 have a significant impact on survival rate. Identification of risk factors for readmission may improve discharge plans and postoperative care. Data exist on the morbidity and mortality of @entity1 undergoing PD, but there are few reports about hospital readmissions after this procedure. Our aims were to evaluate the proportion and reasons for readmissions after PD for @entity5 , the factors influencing readmissions, and to analyze the relationship between readmission rate and survival rate. METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-six @entity1 , who had undergone PD for @entity5 in our centre from October 1999 to October 2009, a 10-year period, excluding perioperative (30-day) mortality, were identified. All readmissions within 1 year following PD were analyzed with respect to timing, location, reasons for readmission and outcome. We reviewed the hospitalization and readmissions for @entity1 undergoing PD, and compared @entity1 requiring readmission to @entity1 that did not require readmission. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-five @entity1 (33.26%) were readmitted within 1 year following PD, for further treatment or complications. In those cases, diagnoses associated with high rates of readmission included radiation and/or chemotherapy (48.96%), progression of disease (11.72%), @entity281 (11.72%), @entity344 /obstruction (6.20%), surgery-related complications (2.76%) and @entity158 (4.14%). The proportion of T4 in readmission group was lower than no readmission group (P < 0.05). The proportion of node positive cases in readmission group was much higher than no readmission group (P < 0.01). The number of readmission for complications reduced gradually in the first three months, and reached a second peak in the sixth and seventh month. Median survival was lower for the readmission group compared with the no readmission group (21 versus 46 months, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: These results may assist in both anticipating and facilitating postoperative care as well as managing @entity1 expectations.

title: Multivariable analysis of factors associated with hospital readmission following pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Timing for repair of mandible @entity174 is a significant factor with regard to the rate of complication. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of the previous 5 years (January 2005-January 2010). METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing mandible fracture fixation performed in the study period and having complete records were analyzed (n = 83). @entity1 were stratified by time to fixation following initial injury. Subjects were then separated by the presence or absence of any of the following complications: @entity281 , malunion, and nonunion. Logistical regression was then performed. RESULTS: Out of 83 @entity1 there were 4 @entity1 with six complications including malunion (n = 4) and @entity281 (n = 2). There were no cases of nonunion. Delay in surgical intervention did not influence the complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: Complications from repair of mandible @entity174 are rare; it is difficult to detect significant variables that may impact outcomes. We found no relationship between complications and timing to repair.

title: Timing for repair of mandible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for @entity3851 ; however, @entity281 after transplantation can seriously affect the @entity1 's health. The aim of this research was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity364 following liver transplantation. METHODS: Clinical data for 232 liver transplant @entity1 at risk of @entity364 were examined for the presence of fungus in the blood, fluid, sputum, urine and stools of @entity1 and by chest or abdominal CT scans. @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity364 were treated with @entity2380 or, if this was not effective, @entity5074 or @entity2379 . Immunosuppressive therapy was also reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 232 (15.9%) @entity1 were diagnosed with a @entity364 , which occurred 4 to 34 days post-transplantation. @entity6923 were diagnosed in 23 cases (62.2%) and @entity281 in 12 cases (32.4%). Twenty-one cases were effectively treated with @entity2380 , 11 cases with @entity5074 , and two cases with @entity2379 ; however, three cases were not effectively treated with any of the antifungal agents. Overall, treatment was effective in 91.9% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity364 has a significant influence on survival rate after liver transplantation. Imaging studies, and pathogenic and biopsy examinations can diagnose @entity364 , which can be effectively treated with antifungal agents such as @entity2380 , @entity5074 or @entity2379 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infections']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Aspergillus infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection', 'fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper presents a retrospective study to classify @entity1 into subtypes of the treatment according to baseline and longitudinally observed values considering heterogenity in @entity2704 prognosis. In the classical prospective clinical studies, @entity1 are classified with respect to baseline status and followed within a certain time period. However, latent growth mixture model is the most suitable method, which considers the population heterogenity and is not affected drop-outs if they are missing at random. Hence, we planned this comprehensive study to identify prognostic factors in @entity2704 . METHODS: The study data have been based on a 10-year computer-based follow-up data of Mersin University Headache Outpatient Department. The developmental trajectories within subgroups were described for the severity, frequency, and duration of @entity10 separately and the probabilities of each subgroup were estimated by using latent growth mixture models. SAS PROC TRAJ procedures, semiparametric and group-based mixture modeling approach, were applied to define the developmental trajectories. RESULTS: While the three-group model for the severity (mild, moderate, severe) and frequency (low, medium, high) of @entity10 appeared to be appropriate, the four-group model for the duration (low, medium, high, extremely high) was more suitable. The severity of @entity10 increased in the @entity1 with @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3917 and @entity7804 . The frequency of @entity10 was especially related with increasing age and @entity158 . @entity390 and @entity3917 were also related with @entity10 duration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity3917 were the most significant factors to identify developmental trajectories. The remission time was not the same for the severity, frequency, and duration of @entity10 .

title: Determining of XXXX prognosis using latent growth mixture models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['phonophobia']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7195 is recognized as a cause of early @entity570 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the early clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity7195 in skeletally mature @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive skeletally mature @entity1 with a total of sixty-five symptomatic hips were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity7195 on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographs. These fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study group included forty-one female @entity1 (72%) and sixteen male @entity1 (28%) with a mean age of twenty-four years. All were treated with a periacetabular osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. The initial presentation was insidious in 97% of the hips, and the majority (77%) of the hips were associated with moderate-to-severe @entity158 on a daily basis. @entity158 was most commonly localized to the groin (72%) and/or the lateral aspect of the hip (66%). Activity-related @entity158 was common (88%), and activity restriction frequently diminished @entity158 (in 75% of the cases). On examination, thirty-one hips (48%) were associated with a limp; twenty-five (38%), with a positive Trendelenburg sign; and sixty-three (97%), with a positive impingement sign. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of @entity572 was 61.5 months. The mean number of health-care providers seen prior to the definitive diagnosis was 3.3. The mean Harris hip score improved from 66.4 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at a mean of 29.2 months after the periacetabular osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of symptomatic @entity7195 is commonly delayed, and procedures other than a pelvic reconstructive osteotomy are frequently recommended. The diagnosis of @entity572 should be suspected and investigated when a skeletally mature, young, active @entity1 has a predominant complaint of insidious activity-related groin @entity158 and/or lateral @entity158 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Clinical presentation of symptomatic XXXX in skeletally mature @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia', 'Acetabular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['developmental dysplasia of the hip', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'hip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity7195 :: (OMIM:142700,Disease) :: ['acetabular dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7195 is recognized as a cause of early @entity570 . The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the early clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity7195 in skeletally mature @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive skeletally mature @entity1 with a total of sixty-five symptomatic hips were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity7195 on the basis of the history, physical examination, and radiographs. These fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in this study and were followed prospectively for a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study group included forty-one female @entity1 (72%) and sixteen male @entity1 (28%) with a mean age of twenty-four years. All were treated with a periacetabular osteotomy and were followed for a minimum of twenty-four months. The initial presentation was insidious in 97% of the hips, and the majority (77%) of the hips were associated with moderate-to-severe @entity158 on a daily basis. @entity158 was most commonly localized to the groin (72%) and/or the lateral aspect of the hip (66%). Activity-related @entity158 was common (88%), and activity restriction frequently diminished @entity158 (in 75% of the cases). On examination, thirty-one hips (48%) were associated with a limp; twenty-five (38%), with a positive Trendelenburg sign; and sixty-three (97%), with a positive impingement sign. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of @entity572 was 61.5 months. The mean number of health-care providers seen prior to the definitive diagnosis was 3.3. The mean Harris hip score improved from 66.4 points preoperatively to 91.7 points at a mean of 29.2 months after the periacetabular osteotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of symptomatic @entity7195 is commonly delayed, and procedures other than a pelvic reconstructive osteotomy are frequently recommended. The diagnosis of @entity572 should be suspected and investigated when a skeletally mature, young, active @entity1 has a predominant complaint of insidious activity-related groin @entity158 and/or lateral @entity158 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Clinical presentation of symptomatic @entity7195 in skeletally mature XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin @entity158 may persist in up to 4.3% of @entity1 after total hip arthroplasty and up to 18% of @entity1 one year after hip resurfacing. The incidence of this problem after total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head is unknown. METHODS: We analyzed the natural history of groin @entity158 and its clinical consequences during the first two years after three types of hip arthroplasty. Data were collected prospectively on 279 @entity1 . Eighty-five @entity1 had a @entity691 sandwich metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm-diameter femoral head, 105 had hip resurfacing, and eighty-nine had a total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head component with three other cup designs (forty-nine in this group had the same monoblock acetabular cup design as those who had hip resurfacing). RESULTS: At the twenty-four-month follow-up evaluation, seventy-seven @entity1 (28%) reported at least one @entity158 area around the hip and thirty-four @entity1 (12.2%) had @entity158 at more than one location. At three months, the incidence of groin discomfort was significantly increased in those who had hip resurfacing (30.5%) and in those who had total hip arthroplasty with a large-diameter femoral head (30%) compared with those who had total hip arthroplasty with a 28-mm femoral head (18.3%). This incidence decreased at two years (14.9%, 16.9%, and 12.9%, respectively). At twenty-four months postoperatively, eleven (four who had hip resurfacing, six who had total hip arthroplasty with the large-diameter head, and one who had total hip arthroplasty with the 28-mm head) of forty-one @entity1 who had groin @entity158 had not reported groin @entity158 at previous follow-up evaluations. Of the forty-one @entity1 reporting groin @entity158 at the time of the last follow-up, twenty-three @entity1 (56%) did not seek further evaluation or treatment, nine had revision surgery (22%), and the remaining nine @entity1 thought the @entity158 was substantial enough to warrant further evaluation and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: When the exact source of groin @entity158 cannot be found after total hip arthroplasty, careful follow-up should be done as local reactions to metal-on-metal implants and component loosening may take time to become apparent clinically or on imaging studies.

title: Residual groin XXXX at a minimum of two years after metal-on-metal THA with a twenty-eight-millimeter femoral head, THA with a large-diameter femoral head, and hip resurfacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine whether antidonor antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) or endothelial cells (ECs) expressed antigens, including major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related antigens A ( @entity1531 ) are associated with the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplant recipients. METHODS: We studied posttransplant antidonor HLA antibodies in 168 heart allograft recipients transplanted from October 2001 to December 2005. Among them, there were 37 AMR+ @entity1 and 131 age- and sex- matched AMR- controls. Sera were collected at the time of protocol biopsies and tested for the presence of HLA antibodies. Seventy-two of the 168 @entity1 were genotyped for donor and recipient @entity1531 alleles and were tested for the presence of anti- @entity1531 antibodies. Thirty-one @entity1 who never developed antibodies to HLA or @entity1531 were further tested for anti-EC antibodies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 37 AMR+ @entity1 , 22 (60%) developed donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to HLA compared with 6 of 131(4%) AMR- @entity1 (P<0.0001). Of the remaining 15 AMR+ @entity1 , 5 had anti-HLA antibodies that were not donor specific and 10 did not show any HLA antibodies. In the subgroup of 72 @entity1 , all 19 AMR+ @entity1 had clearly demonstrable antibodies reactive with donor HLA, @entity1531 or with nondonor-derived ECs, with 30% of them showed antibodies directed to non-HLA antigens. The incidence of transplant @entity453 was significantly higher in @entity1 who had DSA to HLA and @entity1531 compared with @entity1 without DSA.

title: HLA and XXXX : targets of antibody-mediated rejection in heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1531 :: (100507436,Gene) :: ['MICA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the lack of long-term postoperative follow-up studies of @entity602 ( @entity602 ), there is little information about the long-term effectiveness and complications of the dural defect enlargement in @entity1 with @entity602 . The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity602 were treated surgically by @entity1283 . The @entity1 's neurological status and surgical outcome were evaluated by the JOA scores for thoracic @entity602 and the recovery rate (mean follow-up period 9.6  years). Correlations between the surgical outcomes and @entity1 ' age and duration of disease were assessed retrospectively. The @entity1 were also divided into two groups based on the location of the dural defect: the ventro-lateral (VL) group and the ventral (V) group. The difference in the duration of disease, preoperative JOA score, and the recovery rate were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no recurrence of @entity602 after surgery. The mean recovery rate was 42.6%. There was a significant correlation between the @entity1 's age and the recovery rate, and between the duration of disease and the recovery rate. The median recovery rate was significantly lower in the V group than in the VL group. There were no complications related to @entity5254 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term surgical outcomes of @entity1283 for @entity602 were stable and favorable without recurrences or any complications. This procedure should be considered for @entity1 with @entity602 before their neurological deficit worsens, especially for the @entity1 in whom the dural defect is located at the ventral part of the dural canal.

title: Long-term surgical outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the dural defect']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'idiopathic spinal cord herniation', 'ISCH']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF leakage']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['idiopathic spinal cord herniation']


abstract: The etiopathogenesis of many @entity146 remains unclear and a variety of these diseases can coexist, partly mimicking each other while contributing to and distorting symptomatic expressions. To understand the processes involved, it is necessary to unravel signalling pathways, complex interaction networks and metabolic alterations involving a plethora of anatomical components. When addressing such largely obscure mechanisms, primary data mainly based on genomics and differential gene expression patterns turns out to be of limited usefulness. Numerous direct as well as very indirect processes modulate and dissociate gene expression from protein functions and physiological effects. Proteomics approaches that utilise metabolic labelling and high-throughput mass spectrometry to provide proteome dynamics data need to be utilised. However, the data thus gathered encompasses a complex assembly of numerous types of intermixed cells, representing biological processes that occur in both time and space across several scalar levels. The complexities represented are such that to analytically approach these diseases, a systems standpoint becomes necessary. This implies multiple experimental interrogations in an iterative interplay between experimentation and modelling. While this may be reasonably considered in the context of in vitro systems, it can hardly be contemplated when addressing CNS tissues from heterogeneous @entity1 origins, thereby imposing serious constraints upon the investigation of @entity1 @entity73 . In this article, the authors expose a paradigm that addresses and alleviates at least some of these major difficulties. Based on the reasoned utilisation of trait animal models and @entity1 material, this approach has already started to deliver novel and directly exploitable knowledge.

title: Proteome-based pathway modelling of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illnesses']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']