abstract: Introduction: @entity63 is most often considered a disease of the elderly with associated @entity65 . Young @entity1 with this disease have been diagnosed at our hospital and therefore the authors decided to investigate the disease's prevalence, its anatomical location, prognosis and risk factors in the young population. Material and methods: A retrospective search of all cases diagnosed as @entity63 from 01.01. 1983 to 31.12. 1995 was performed. One author (ThornThorn) reviewed all pathological material. Strong inclusion criteria were proposed and of the 50 cases discovered, only 26 fulfilled these strict criteria, 16 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . Five were under the age of 40 (19%), three of them @entity1 . Results: @entity63 was most common in the left colon. Incidence has increased in the last years, paralelling the increase in colonoscopies performed. All @entity1 under 40 years of age had completely reversible @entity63 , however eight of 21 @entity1 over the age of 60 required surgical intervention. Five @entity1 died and were all older than 75 years. The percentage of young @entity1 is noteworthy. Conclusion: Pathophysiology of @entity63 in young @entity1 is in most cases unknown. Possible contributing factors in our study were smoking, dehydration, NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) use, constipation and contraceptive use. The study supports the importance of early endoscopy and biopsies for diagnosis in @entity1 presenting acutely with symptoms of @entity548 .

title: [ XXXX in young adults.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemic colitis', 'Ischemic colitis', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify features of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) associated with poor functional outcome as measured by the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). METHODS: Two hundred twenty-four @entity1 with early @entity1252 (70 Hispanic, 83 African American, and 71 white) enrolled in a longitudinal study of outcomes were evaluated at study entry. The 8 composite scales and 2 summary measures (physical and mental) of the SF-36 were the dependent variables. Independent variables--1) sociodemographic, 2) clinical features, 3) immunologic, 4) global scores, and 5) behavioral/cultural--were examined for each of the scales and summary measures and for each ethnic group. Significant variables in these analyses were then used to construct models to determine their association with each of the scales and the 2 summary measures for the entire population and the 3 ethnic groups. RESULTS: Self-reported physical and mental functioning were most consistently associated with abnormal illness-related behaviors, helplessness, @entity1295 , and @entity158 at study entry. Helplessness was more strongly associated with functioning in the Hispanics than in the African American or white @entity1 . @entity158 was strongly associated with physical but not mental health. The models were quite robust, accounting for 41% to 68% of the variance for the two summary measures. CONCLUSION: @entity1 ' attitudes toward their disease, @entity1295 , and @entity158 have greater impact on self-perceived functional levels, as measured by the SF-36, than do more objective measures of disease activity and damage such as the presence of specific autoantibodies and/or the occurrence of specific organ involvement. Interventions designed to improve outcome may need to include ethnic-specific as well as general strategies.

title: XXXX in three ethnic groups. IV. Factors associated with self-reported functional outcome in a large cohort study. LUMINA Study Group. Lupus in Minority Populations, Nature versus Nurture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity1412 , occurring in about 2% of the general population, is the ultimate form of @entity32 of the upper airways. For unknown reasons, @entity1127 develop preferentially in subtypes of @entity32 and are associated with perennial @entity2023 , @entity565 , intolerance of @entity117 ( @entity117 )/NSAIDs, @entity56 , @entity1577 , and primary @entity910 . In contrast to common beliefs, IgE-mediated @entity566 does not seem to play an etiological role in @entity1412 .The @entity1127 originate from the mucosa around the clefts of the lateral nasal wall, especially in the region of the ostiomeatal complex. The factors that determine the localization of the disease to a few square centimeters of the airways are not known. @entity1127 are @entity4 bags covered by respiratory epithelium and contain very few nerves, blood vessels, and glands that have undergone @entity528 . They contain degranulated mast cells, have a very high concentration of @entity112 , and are characteristically infiltrated by eosinophils. These cells accumulate due to the release of proinflammatory cytokines (in particular, @entity225 ). @entity1412 is preceded by a prolonged history of @entity2490 accompanied by severe and persistent nasal blockage; typically, the sense of smell is seriously impaired when @entity1127 develop. The diagnosis is based on anterior rhinoscopy or, preferably, endoscopy. @entity1412 is medically treatable. Surgical treatment is carried out when medication fails. Intranasal corticosteroids reduce @entity2490 , improve nasal breathing, reduce the size of @entity1127 , and prevent, in part, their recurrence, but this treatment has little effect on the sense of smell. Intranasal corticosteroids can, as basic long-term therapy, be used alone in mild cases or together with systemic corticosteroids and/or surgery in severe cases. Systemic corticosteroids administered for 2-3 weeks have a beneficial effect on all observed symptoms and pathology, including the sense of smell. When nasal blockage is a problem in spite of medical treatment, surgery is recommended. Simple polypectomy can be performed, but endoscopic surgery is recommended in more severe and persistent cases.

title: Intranasal corticosteroids for XXXX : biological rationale, efficacy, and safety.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['non-allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'rhinitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis', 'Nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['nasal polyposis']


abstract: Pure @entity43 is extremely rare and can develop as a germ cell @entity5 or as a @entity3 from uterine or tubal @entity7132 or rarely from an @entity43 . The cytomorphologic findings have been reported previously in different sites. However, this is the first case of pure @entity43 diagnosed on cytology to the best of our knowledge. The distinction between a gestational and @entity1466 is difficult. A 19-year-old female @entity1 presented with an irregular per-vaginal @entity548 and a mass in lower abdomen. Fine needle aspiration cytology smears of the mass were hypocellular and showed large, multinucleated giant cells and malignant mononucleated cells. Background was hemorrhagic. Serum beta @entity3566 level was 3,80,000 mIU/ml. A diagnosis of @entity1466 was offered which was later confirmed by histopathology. The diagnosis of @entity1466 on fine needle aspiration cytology is based on the presence of large, multinucleated giant cells and malignant mononucleated cells. A high index of suspicion should be maintained and estimation of serum beta @entity3566 plays a key role in supporting the diagnosis.

title: Pure XXXX diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian choriocarcinoma', 'ovarian pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity7132 :: ('MESH:D031954', 'Disease') :: ['gestational choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['nongestational choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma of ovary']


abstract: Coronary artery bypass grafting without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is performed with increasing frequency. Performing revascularization on a beating heart is technically more demanding than performing revascularization on the arrested heart, especially in high-risk @entity1 . beta-Blockers and @entity460 -channel antagonists have been used for the reduction of heart rate (HR) for the local immobilization of the anastomotic site. However, their negative inotropic actions often lead to serious @entity551 . Therefore, we investigated the effect of @entity4560 on HR reduction in high-risk @entity1 undergoing CABG without CPB. Ten high-risk @entity1 undergoing CABG without CPB were selected. To reduce HR during @entity254 , @entity4560 was administered during the procedure. Systemic blood pressure (sBP), HR, and cardiac index (CI) were measured from the induction of anesthesia to the end of surgery. All surgeries were successfully performed without serious complications. To keep the rate under 60 bpm, @entity4560 was administered at the time of @entity254 and this decreased the cardiac index from 2.19 to 1.95, while the @entity25097 was maintained easily over 90 mmHg with the infusion of @entity7202 . @entity4560 may be useful for the reduction of HR during coronary @entity254 in high-risk @entity1 undergoing CABG without CPB.

title: [Heart rate reduction using XXXX during coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity4560 :: ('MESH:D004491', 'Chemical') :: ['Edrophonium', 'edrophonium']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4560 :: (MESH:D004491,Chemical) :: ['edrophonium']


abstract: New-born @entity291 receiving no colostrum, or else receiving it after some delay, may die of @entity526 @entity295 , of which scours is a local manifestation. @entity291 receiving an insufficiently protective dose of colostrum may become victims of various @entity4577 such as @entity625 , @entity1310 , omphalitis, and possibly @entity55 . @entity291 receiving a sufficient dose of colostrum may still develop scours of various degrees of severity due to the local multiplication of various types of @entity526 in the small intestine. There exists in the young @entity291 a delicate balance between certain strains of @entity526 and the mucous membrane and digestive ferments, which, upset in favor of @entity526 , produces scours. The necessary conditions for such attacks are in part inherited defects of the digestive tract, both morphological and functional, and special types of @entity526 , resident in the herd and environment. The immediate indications are a great increase in the number of @entity526 in the lowest third of the small intestine with a spreading of the invasion towards the duodenum as the disease gains headway. Under these conditions a general intoxication results. The bacilli form layers or films attached to the top plates of the epithelial cells. At this time morphological changes in the cells are not yet recognizable. The vacuolar or hydropic condition frequently found antedates the bacterial invasion and may be present in the absence of bacteria. In mild or recovered cases, during the 1st week a fatty infiltration of the epithelium is not infrequently present. In a large number of clinically normal @entity291 , from 1 day to 3 months of age, Gram-negative bacilli were not present in sufficient numbers to be detected in sections, although enriched cultures, when attempted, revealed them.

title: THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT OF YOUNG XXXX WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EARLY DIARRHEA ("SCOURS").

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Calves', 'calf', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['CALVES']


abstract: 1. In normal @entity235 experimental @entity4854 causes a prompt dilution of the circulating blood. This is evidenced by the increase in the relative volume of serum and the reduction of the erythrocyte counts. If the @entity4854 is large, the viscosity of the blood is visibly diminished. 2. As the @entity4854 increases there occurs a reduction of the serum @entity3878 concentration and an increase in the concentration of corpuscular @entity3878 . 3. Reduction of an artificial @entity4854 restores the relative blood volumes to their normal status. The erythrocyte count rises to the normal and the corpuscular @entity3878 concentration is diminished. If the reduction is a large one, the viscosity of the blood is visibly increased. 4. The same types of conductivity- @entity2865 discrepancy that occur in @entity1 blood are found in the blood of @entity235 . In addition, a third type is described. 5. @entity4854 does not cause the same changes in the volume of the average erythrocyte of the @entity235 as it does in the case of @entity1 erythrocytes.

title: THE RELATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA TO THE RELATIVE BLOOD VOLUME, XXXX CONCENTRATION, AND @entity3878 DISTRIBUTION IN THE BLOOD OF @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['CHLORINE']


abstract: 1. In normal @entity235 experimental @entity4854 causes a prompt dilution of the circulating blood. This is evidenced by the increase in the relative volume of serum and the reduction of the erythrocyte counts. If the @entity4854 is large, the viscosity of the blood is visibly diminished. 2. As the @entity4854 increases there occurs a reduction of the serum @entity3878 concentration and an increase in the concentration of corpuscular @entity3878 . 3. Reduction of an artificial @entity4854 restores the relative blood volumes to their normal status. The erythrocyte count rises to the normal and the corpuscular @entity3878 concentration is diminished. If the reduction is a large one, the viscosity of the blood is visibly increased. 4. The same types of conductivity- @entity2865 discrepancy that occur in @entity1 blood are found in the blood of @entity235 . In addition, a third type is described. 5. @entity4854 does not cause the same changes in the volume of the average erythrocyte of the @entity235 as it does in the case of @entity1 erythrocytes.

title: THE RELATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA TO THE RELATIVE BLOOD VOLUME, @entity3878 CONCENTRATION, AND XXXX DISTRIBUTION IN THE BLOOD OF @entity235 .

answer: @entity3878 :: (MESH:D002713,Chemical) :: ['CHLORINE']


abstract: 1. In normal @entity235 experimental @entity4854 causes a prompt dilution of the circulating blood. This is evidenced by the increase in the relative volume of serum and the reduction of the erythrocyte counts. If the @entity4854 is large, the viscosity of the blood is visibly diminished. 2. As the @entity4854 increases there occurs a reduction of the serum @entity3878 concentration and an increase in the concentration of corpuscular @entity3878 . 3. Reduction of an artificial @entity4854 restores the relative blood volumes to their normal status. The erythrocyte count rises to the normal and the corpuscular @entity3878 concentration is diminished. If the reduction is a large one, the viscosity of the blood is visibly increased. 4. The same types of conductivity- @entity2865 discrepancy that occur in @entity1 blood are found in the blood of @entity235 . In addition, a third type is described. 5. @entity4854 does not cause the same changes in the volume of the average erythrocyte of the @entity235 as it does in the case of @entity1 erythrocytes.

title: THE RELATION OF HYPERGLYCEMIA TO THE RELATIVE BLOOD VOLUME, @entity3878 CONCENTRATION, AND @entity3878 DISTRIBUTION IN THE BLOOD OF XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['DOGS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct refractive @entity1714 , @entity940 , or both after keratoplasty. SETTING: Eye Clinic Day Hospital, S  o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes that had previously had corneal transplantation were studied. Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed using the Chiron automated microkeratome and the VISX Twenty-Twenty B excimer laser. RESULTS: Mean follow-up after LASIK was 10.09 months +/- 3.87 (SD). The spherical equivalent refraction dropped from -4.55 +/- 3.66 D before LASIK to -0.67 +/- 1.24 D after surgery. At the last examination, 72.7% of @entity1 had a @entity2516 within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia and 54.5% had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Vector analysis of astigmatic correction showed an index of success of 54.0%. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged in 8 cases, improved in 9, and decreased in 5. Significant endothelial cell loss, keratoplasty wound dehiscence, and other serious complications did not develop in any eye. CONCLUSION: The correction of @entity2516 with LASIK in postkeratoplasty @entity1 proved to be safe, effective, and predictable. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the method's clinical value.

title: Laser in situ keratomileusis to correct XXXX after keratoplasty.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High-dose opioid anaesthesia contributes to decreasing metabolic and hormonal stress responses in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the increase in context-sensitive half-life of opioids given as a high-dose regimen can affect postoperative respiratory recovery. In contrast, @entity1937 can be given in high doses without prolonging context-sensitive half-life due to its rapid metabolism. Therefore, we performed a prospective, randomized trial to compare anaesthesia consisting of @entity1875 / @entity1937 or @entity1875 / @entity681 with regard to postoperative respiratory function and outcome. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to a @entity1875 / @entity1937 (0.5-1.0 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or @entity1875 / @entity681 (30-40 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) based anaesthetic. @entity544 response, forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity, and functional residual capacity were measured 1 day prior to the operation, 1 h before extubation, 1, 24 and 72 h after extubation. In addition, the incidence of @entity891 , intensive care unit and postoperative length of stay were compared. @entity1 and physicians were blinded to the treatment group. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 in each treatment group completed the study. There was no difference between @entity1 of the treatment groups regarding demographics, risk- or @entity158 scores. In all @entity1 , @entity544 response, forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity and functional residual capacity were decreased postoperatively compared to baseline. @entity1 randomized to @entity1937 had less @entity308 of @entity544 response, less @entity891 and shorter postoperative length of stay (12 d vs. 10 d) than after @entity681 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative use of high-dose @entity1937 for coronary artery bypass grafting may be associated with improved recovery of pulmonary function and shorter postoperative hospital length of stay than @entity681 .

title: XXXX or @entity681 for coronary surgery: comparison of postoperative respiratory impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis, pulmonary infiltrates', 'atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide', 'Carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['Remifentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High-dose opioid anaesthesia contributes to decreasing metabolic and hormonal stress responses in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the increase in context-sensitive half-life of opioids given as a high-dose regimen can affect postoperative respiratory recovery. In contrast, @entity1937 can be given in high doses without prolonging context-sensitive half-life due to its rapid metabolism. Therefore, we performed a prospective, randomized trial to compare anaesthesia consisting of @entity1875 / @entity1937 or @entity1875 / @entity681 with regard to postoperative respiratory function and outcome. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to a @entity1875 / @entity1937 (0.5-1.0 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) or @entity1875 / @entity681 (30-40 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) based anaesthetic. @entity544 response, forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity, and functional residual capacity were measured 1 day prior to the operation, 1 h before extubation, 1, 24 and 72 h after extubation. In addition, the incidence of @entity891 , intensive care unit and postoperative length of stay were compared. @entity1 and physicians were blinded to the treatment group. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 in each treatment group completed the study. There was no difference between @entity1 of the treatment groups regarding demographics, risk- or @entity158 scores. In all @entity1 , @entity544 response, forced expiratory volume in one second, vital capacity and functional residual capacity were decreased postoperatively compared to baseline. @entity1 randomized to @entity1937 had less @entity308 of @entity544 response, less @entity891 and shorter postoperative length of stay (12 d vs. 10 d) than after @entity681 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative use of high-dose @entity1937 for coronary artery bypass grafting may be associated with improved recovery of pulmonary function and shorter postoperative hospital length of stay than @entity681 .

title: @entity1937 or XXXX for coronary surgery: comparison of postoperative respiratory impairment.

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right portal vein embolization has become popular in preparation for right hepatic lobectomy. However, right trisegment portal vein embolization (R3PE) is not well established. METHODS: We performed R3PE in 15 @entity1 with biliary tract @entity189 and 1 @entity1 with @entity991 . We used 2 types of 5.5 F triple-lumen balloon catheters to embolize portal branches of the right trisegment (the left medial, the right anterior, and the right posterior segments). RESULTS: R3PE was successful in all @entity1 without any complications. The calculated volume of the right lobe significantly (P < .01) decreased from 650 +/- 161 cm3 before embolization to 585 +/- 143 cm3 after embolization; the volume of the left lateral segment significantly (P < .0005) increased from 240 +/- 58 cm3 to 361 +/- 66 cm3. The volume of the left medial segment was unchanged. The volume gain of the left lateral segment was larger in @entity1 with R3PE than in those @entity1 (n = 41) with right portal vein embolization (122 +/- 39 cm3 vs 66 +/- 35 cm3; P < .0001). Two of the 16 @entity1 underwent only laparotomy because of peritoneal dissemination, and the remaining 14 @entity1 underwent right hepatic trisegmentectomy with caudate lobectomy. In addition, portal vein resection was also performed in 5 @entity1 , and pancreatoduodenectomy and right hemicolectomy was performed in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 died of posthepatectomy @entity1578 87 days after surgery, a mortality rate of 7.1% (1/14 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: R3PE is more useful than standard right portal vein embolization in preparation for right hepatic trisegmentectomy and has the potential to increase the safety of this high-risk surgery for @entity1 with biliary tract @entity189 .

title: Right trisegment portal vein embolization for biliary tract XXXX : technique and clinical utility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity731 is evaluated by carotid mean intima-media thickness (mean IMT), pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), and the @entity730 index (ACI). We have attempted to examine if these @entity731 parameters are associated with each other and which parameters are closely related to cardiac function in chronic @entity2033 @entity1 . METHODS: The mean IMT, @entity122 and ACI were examined in 69 maintenance @entity2033 @entity1 using carotid ultrasonography, a blood volume plethysmographic apparatus and abdominal CT, respectively. Echocardiographic studies were also performed for measuring left ventricular (LV) geometry. Serum total @entity165 , high density lipoprotein @entity165 , low density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity412 , albumin, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity460 and @entity1391 were measured. RESULTS: The mean IMT correlated positively with ACI (r = 0.461, P < 0.0001) and tended to be correlated with @entity122 , but did not reach statistical significance. The @entity122 value correlated positively with ACI (r = 0.494, P <or= 0.0001). The mean IMT correlated positively with the LV mass index (r = 0.273, P = 0.0228), and fractional shortening (FS) correlated negatively with @entity122 value (r = -0.293, P = 0.0141) and ACI score (r = -0.289, P = 0.0158). Multivariate analyses indicated that the LV mass index was independently associated with mean IMT (P = 0.0231) as well as systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001), pulse pressure (P < 0.0001) and hemoglobin (P = 0.016), and FS is independently associated with ACI (P = 0.0162) as well as @entity122 (P = 0.0144) and @entity1851 (P = 0.0375). CONCLUSION: @entity731 and reduced LV function are associated with @entity729 and arterial stiffness in chronic @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Clinical assessment of XXXX parameters and cardiac function in chronic hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic calcification']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['increased vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity731 is evaluated by carotid mean intima-media thickness (mean IMT), pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ), and the @entity730 index (ACI). We have attempted to examine if these @entity731 parameters are associated with each other and which parameters are closely related to cardiac function in chronic @entity2033 @entity1 . METHODS: The mean IMT, @entity122 and ACI were examined in 69 maintenance @entity2033 @entity1 using carotid ultrasonography, a blood volume plethysmographic apparatus and abdominal CT, respectively. Echocardiographic studies were also performed for measuring left ventricular (LV) geometry. Serum total @entity165 , high density lipoprotein @entity165 , low density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity412 , albumin, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity460 and @entity1391 were measured. RESULTS: The mean IMT correlated positively with ACI (r = 0.461, P < 0.0001) and tended to be correlated with @entity122 , but did not reach statistical significance. The @entity122 value correlated positively with ACI (r = 0.494, P <or= 0.0001). The mean IMT correlated positively with the LV mass index (r = 0.273, P = 0.0228), and fractional shortening (FS) correlated negatively with @entity122 value (r = -0.293, P = 0.0141) and ACI score (r = -0.289, P = 0.0158). Multivariate analyses indicated that the LV mass index was independently associated with mean IMT (P = 0.0231) as well as systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001), pulse pressure (P < 0.0001) and hemoglobin (P = 0.016), and FS is independently associated with ACI (P = 0.0162) as well as @entity122 (P = 0.0144) and @entity1851 (P = 0.0375). CONCLUSION: @entity731 and reduced LV function are associated with @entity729 and arterial stiffness in chronic @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Clinical assessment of @entity731 parameters and cardiac function in chronic hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Preterm birth associated with @entity281 is a major clinical problem. We hypothesized that this condition is associated with altered expression of natural antimicrobial molecules (beta-defensins ( @entity7412 ), elafin). Therefore, we examined expression of these molecules and their regulation by proinflammatory cytokines in placentae and fetal membranes from term pregnancy. @entity16448 -3 and elafin were localized by immunohistochemistry in fetal membranes and placenta. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to examine mRNA expression in primary trophoblast cells treated with inflammatory molecules. @entity16448 -3 and elafin were immunolocalized to placental and chorion trophoblast layers of fetal membranes and placenta. Immunoreactivity was also observed in amnion epithelium and decidua. No differences were noted between samples from @entity1 who were not in labour compared to those in active labour. In in vitro cultures of primary trophoblast cells, @entity15875 and elafin mRNA expression was upregulated by the proinflammatory cytokine, @entity1356 . These results suggest that the chorion and placental trophoblast layers may be key barriers to the progression of @entity281 in the pregnant uterus. Natural antimicrobial expression may be altered in response to inflammatory mediator expression associated with the onset of @entity281 , providing increased protection when the uterus may be particularly susceptible to @entity281 .

title: Expression of natural antimicrobials by XXXX placenta and fetal membranes.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'labour and/or uterine infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare moral development and psychopathological interference with conscience functioning (PI) among adolescents exposed to different degrees of earthquake-related @entity130 and to investigate the relationship of moral development and PI to exposure to @entity130 , severity of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms, postearthquake adversities, and extent of loss of nuclear family members. METHOD: Adolescents (N = 193) from 2 cities at different distances from the epicenter were evaluated. The Stilwell Structured Conscience Interview was used to assess moral development and PI. Structured self-report instruments were used to obtain ratings of severity of earthquake-related @entity130 , posttraumatic stress symptoms, and postearthquake adversities. RESULTS: Adolescents in the city near the epicenter manifested advanced moral development as compared with their counterparts in the less affected city. Concomitantly, they endorsed responses indicating PI. Levels of PI were significantly correlated with severity of @entity1005 symptoms. CONCLUSION: In the aftermath of a catastrophic natural disaster, @entity1 assume greater responsibilities and confront a multitude of morally challenging interpersonal situations which may result in an advancement of their moral development. Yet, at the same time, @entity1005 symptoms and negative schematizations of self and others may give rise to disturbances in conscience functioning. The findings suggest that therapeutic consideration should be given to assisting @entity1 in integrating the horror of their traumatic experiences and the harshness of posttrauma adversities into an adaptive schema of good and evil in themselves and the world.

title: Moral development and psychopathological interference in conscience functioning among adolescents after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of liver transplantation for @entity879 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 1991 to December 2007, 517 @entity1 underwent liver transplantation at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Among them, 149 had @entity879 as defined in the recent Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver Consensus Meeting. Their clinical data were reviewed and their survival outcomes were compared with those of @entity1 who underwent liver transplantation for @entity879 and for @entity82 only in the same period. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity879 included 50 @entity1 having acute exacerbation of chronic @entity1956 and 99 cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity697 . Their median model for @entity3851 scores were 35 and 37, respectively. @entity281 (35%), @entity3182 (38%), and @entity1576 (28.8%) were common. One hundred and three @entity1 received living donor liver grafts and 46 @entity1 received deceased donor liver grafts. The hospital mortality rate was 4.7%. The 5-year survival rates were 93.2% for @entity1 with acute exacerbation of chronic @entity1956 and 90.5% for cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity697 . The results were similar to those of the @entity1 with @entity879 (n = 37) and the @entity1 having @entity82 only (n = 301). CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation for @entity879 is life-saving, and the survival rates it attains are similar to those attained by transplantation for other liver conditions.

title: Liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic liver failure', 'fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute-on-chronic liver failure']


abstract: @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) constitute a heterogenous group of acquired @entity236 characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cellular dysfunction and an increased risk of transformation into @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The percentage of medullary blast cells and the karyotype at diagnosis are the most important predictors of survival. @entity1 with more than 10% blast cells or an unfavourable karyotype (chromosome 7 @entity790 ) usually survive less than 12 months. This review article focuses on the roles of intensive @entity3052 -type chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the management of @entity1 with advanced @entity2590 . Recent studies suggest that, with appropriate selection of @entity1 , intensive chemotherapy produces high rates of complete remission. Chances of entering remission are particularly high in @entity1 with a good Karnofsky score, bone marrow blast count < 30% and normal karyotype. When compared with @entity3052 , results of autologous bone marrow transplantation in @entity2590 are disappointing. A major disadvantage of this approach is the delayed recovery of hematopoiesis. Autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation overcomes this difficulty and is currently explored as consolidation therapy after successful remission induction with polychemotherapy in an intergroup study of the EORTC and EBMT. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remains the treatment of choice for younger @entity2590 @entity1 , offering a good chance of cure if the transplantation is performed at an early stage of disease or if the @entity1 receives the transplant in complete remission after conventional chemotherapy.

title: [Role of aggressive treatment strategies for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow disorders']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities or complex aberrations']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: OBJECT: A new dorsolateral decompressive procedure involving a unilateral approach has been devised for the treatment of cervical @entity1745 . In this operation, the posterior spinal elements of the contralateral side are not disturbed, and thus, @entity86 of the cervical spine can be avoided. Following decompressive surgery via the unilateral approach, the cervical spine was kept more stable compared with the results obtained after wide laminectomy or other expansive laminoplasty procedures. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 underwent dorsolateral decompressive surgery, and the @entity1 ' clinical and radiological results were examined during the follow-up period to evaluate neurological function and @entity86 of the cervical spine. The underlying conditions for @entity602 were @entity4720 (19 @entity1 ), @entity3057 (three @entity1 ), and ossification of yellow ligament (four @entity1 ). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 110 months (average 35.5 months). Functional recovery, which was rated by using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, was an average of 56% in all @entity1 (100% being equal to full recovery). The recovery rate was compatible with those attained after other expansive laminoplasty procedures. Radiographically, progression to swan-neck or @entity85 was not observed in any @entity1 . No postoperative spinal instability was noted. Based on computerized tomography myelograph evaluation, the average transectional area of the dural tube at the C4-5 level was expanded from 122 mm2 to 169 mm2, and the transectional area of the spinal cord at the C4-5 level was expanded from 39.6 mm2 to 52.9 mm2 after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that this operative procedure could be used as a new option for the treatment of cervical @entity1745 .

title: Treatment of cervical XXXX with a new dorsolateral decompressive procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deformities', 'postoperative deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['compressive myelopathy']


abstract: Pulmonary surfactant comprised primarily of phospholipids is a phospholipid-protein complex synthesized by type II alveolar epithelial cells or Clara cells and secreted to the pulmonary alveoli. As changes have been found in phospholipid concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of @entity1 with @entity3794 , phospholipid is considered to be involved in the process of fibrois/fibrotic process. Therefore, we made a crystalline @entity3440 @entity35 model and measured phospholipid concentrations in lung lavage fluid in order to study the relationship of phospholipid to particle-induced @entity3794 . Eight-week-old @entity35 male @entity35 (n = 35) were injected with 2 mg crystalline @entity3440 particles suspended in 0.4 ml physiological saline. @entity35 in the control group (n = 35) were injected with physiological saline only. There were 7 @entity35 in each of the ten subgroups. @entity35 were sacrificed and dissected at 3 days, 1 wk, 1 mo, 3 mo, and 6 mo after injection. Bronchoalveolar lavage was conducted on bronchoalveoli recovered from the right lung of each @entity35 , the lavage fluid was centrifuged, and the supernatant was used to measure phospholipid concentration. The results were compared with previously reported @entity32 scores. Phospholipid concentrations in lung lavage fluid for the exposed group showed a statistically significant increase compared to the control group throughout the observation period. Moreover, when compared to histopathologically examined @entity32 scores, a positive correlation was found between the two. Judging from the facts that phospholipid concentrations in lung lavage fluid increased and that this increase correlated with the severity of @entity32 , this experiment indicated that phospholipids are involved in particle-induced @entity358 .

title: Phospholipid concentration in lung lavage fluid as biomarker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disorders']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Biological assay of the @entity1 liver in various types of @entity417 shows conspicuous differences in the concentration of hemoglobin producing factors. @entity7645 shows very high values and the liver in untreated cases may show maximal storage of the hemoglobin producing factors. Liver therapy reduces this store as the missing factor is supplied and new hemoglobin and red cells can be turned out by the marrow. @entity2150 likewise shows high concentration of hemoglobin producing factors as there is no outlet for this material through the red marrow. @entity417 due to @entity190 will show low normal values but even long standing severe @entity417 will not seriously deplete this store of hemoglobin producing factors in the liver. @entity417 due to blood destruction within the body shows higher values and some excess store of hemoglobin producing factors and @entity68 . @entity1778 gives a biological assay like secondary @entity417 due to @entity190 and always presents definite @entity417 . @entity68 analyses show conspicuous differences and @entity68 concentration within the liver parenchyma does not in any way parallel the concentration of hemoglobin producing factors. The highest values for @entity68 concentration are found in @entity2150 (70 mg. per cent)- high values in @entity7645 (51 mg. per cent)-normal values in @entity1778 (13 mg. per cent)-and low values in @entity417 due to @entity190 (5.3 mg. per cent). These findings should aid in a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis and internal metabolism of various @entity417 .

title: HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION FACTORS IN THE XXXX LIVER : III. ANEMIAS-PRIMARY, APLASTIC AND SECONDARY-LEUKEMIAS.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary anemia', 'anemia', 'anemias']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'loss of blood']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic anemia', 'aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7645 :: ('MESH:D000752', 'Disease') :: ['pernicious anemia', 'Pernicious anemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['HUMAN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We herein describe a case with an extraspinal mass distorting the right L4 dorsal root ganglion. Initially presumed to be a nerve root @entity808 , the lesion turned out to be a free disc fragment. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 46-year-old @entity1 presented with a history of mild low back and intense right leg @entity158 . The leg @entity158 was like electrical discharges. Right knee extension was weak together with @entity1931 and @entity1109 in the right LA dermatome. The right patellar reflex was absent. Electromyography showed acute and chronic denervation of muscles innervated by the right L4 nerve root. MR scan showed a right L4-5 extraforaminal mass distorting the L4 dorsal root ganglion. The mass enhanced homogeneously after @entity2287 injection and was thought to be a @entity5 . It was surgically removed using a midline incision and intraspinal, followed by extraspinal dissection. Under the operating microscope, the mass extended between an intact lateral longitudinal ligament and a swollen dorsal root ganglion. Histopathologic examination ruled out a @entity5 and showed that the mass consisted of degenerated disc material surrounded by a large peripheral zone of neovascularization. CONCLUSION: Extraforaminal periganglionic free, encapsulated disc fragments may mimic tumoral masses, from which they may not be distinguished on MRI.

title: An extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['loss of heat sensation']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['L4 schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity414 has been reported to be a risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The objective of the present work was to determine the prevalence of @entity5052 in a large size sample of a healthy male population, as well as the association between @entity414 and other cardiovascular risk factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected sample of 1,564 healthy @entity1 in Valencia (Spain), aged 20-67 years, working in the automobile industry. Serum values of @entity414 , @entity165 , and @entity413 were obtained, as well as blood pressure and body mass index measurements. An assessment was made of socio-economic data, drug therapy, and smoking. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity5052 was 5.10%; it increased with age. A marked increase (p < 0.01) of @entity9503 individuals was observed with increased prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors (from 1.8% with @entity5052 alone up to 28% among individuals with four simultaneous risk factors). By means of a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the OR of @entity5052 associated with each factor were calculated: increased serum @entity413 was the variable with a stronger association (OR: 2.69; 95%CI: 1.21-5.99), @entity28 ranking next (OR: 2.50; 95%CI: 1.42-4.49). Statistically significant associations were also observed for increased serum @entity165 , increased blood pressure, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity5052 varies with the simultaneous presence of other classical cardiovascular risk factors. Even in this healthy mediterranean population, @entity414 is significantly associated with several components in the @entity751 .

title: [Association of blood XXXX with other cardiovascular risk factors in the male working population in Valencia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9503 :: ('MESH:C537696', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['plurimetabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: Recently, @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) auto-antibodies have been found in many @entity1 with @entity5970 ( @entity5970 ). The present study reports a retrospective case series of @entity1 who used aerosolised @entity2841 in the treatment of @entity5970 . Between 1999 and 2003, 12 @entity1 elected to receive aerosolised @entity2841 (250 microg b.i.d. every other week) in lieu of whole-lung lavage or observation. @entity1 characteristics, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, laboratory values and chest radiographs were extracted from the @entity1 's medical records. Of the six @entity1 tested, all had @entity2841 neutralising antibodies. Additionally, abnormalities in @entity2841 gene expression (one @entity1 ), receptor expression (two @entity1 ) and ability to upregulate adhesion molecules (one @entity1 ) were found. All @entity1 except one had a positive response (mean improvements in arterial @entity26 tension, alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient, @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lung and forced vital capacity were 17.1 mmHg, 18.4 mmHg, 16.6% pred and 13.5% pred, respectively). Two @entity1 made a complete recovery and were disease free 1 and 2 yrs after discontinuing treatment. Four @entity1 showed complete response to both the initial course or when treated again for recurrence after discontinuation of treatment. One @entity1 required dose escalation (500 microg b.i.d.) with complete response. @entity2841 was well tolerated without late @entity137 after median (range) follow-up of 30.5 (3-68) months. In conclusion, aerosolised @entity2841 is safe and effective in treating @entity5970 providing an alternative to whole-lung lavage or subcutaneous @entity2841 .

title: Aerosol @entity2841 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis', 'idiopathic PAP', 'PAP']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity5970 :: (MESH:D011649,Disease) :: ['pulmonary alveolar proteinosis']


abstract: Recently, @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) auto-antibodies have been found in many @entity1 with @entity5970 ( @entity5970 ). The present study reports a retrospective case series of @entity1 who used aerosolised @entity2841 in the treatment of @entity5970 . Between 1999 and 2003, 12 @entity1 elected to receive aerosolised @entity2841 (250 microg b.i.d. every other week) in lieu of whole-lung lavage or observation. @entity1 characteristics, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, laboratory values and chest radiographs were extracted from the @entity1 's medical records. Of the six @entity1 tested, all had @entity2841 neutralising antibodies. Additionally, abnormalities in @entity2841 gene expression (one @entity1 ), receptor expression (two @entity1 ) and ability to upregulate adhesion molecules (one @entity1 ) were found. All @entity1 except one had a positive response (mean improvements in arterial @entity26 tension, alveolar-arterial @entity26 gradient, @entity1223 diffusing capacity of the lung and forced vital capacity were 17.1 mmHg, 18.4 mmHg, 16.6% pred and 13.5% pred, respectively). Two @entity1 made a complete recovery and were disease free 1 and 2 yrs after discontinuing treatment. Four @entity1 showed complete response to both the initial course or when treated again for recurrence after discontinuation of treatment. One @entity1 required dose escalation (500 microg b.i.d.) with complete response. @entity2841 was well tolerated without late @entity137 after median (range) follow-up of 30.5 (3-68) months. In conclusion, aerosolised @entity2841 is safe and effective in treating @entity5970 providing an alternative to whole-lung lavage or subcutaneous @entity2841 .

title: Aerosol XXXX for @entity5970 .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: 1. Aqueous extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I cause a disintegration of @entity375 nucleic acid. 2. Two enzyme activities, a polynucleotidase and a phosphatase, are demonstrated. 3. These activities are distinguished by different reactions to an environment of @entity3884 , different optima of @entity3884 ion concentration, and different rates of activity. 4. Adsorption with @entity13923 Type C removes substances inhibiting the polynucleotidase activity. 5. There is a rough proportionality between the polynucleotidase activity and the @entity5 -inducing power of different fractions of extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I. 6. There is a rough proportionality between the inhibition of polynucleotidase activity and the inhibition of the @entity5 agent. 7. The polynucleotidase activity of @entity1573 @entity5 I is as great as that of spleen, slightly less than that of kidney and liver, but much greater than that of muscle. There are also qualitative differences.

title: PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A @entity1573 TUMOR : IX. THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF @entity1573 TUMOR I ON XXXX NUCLEIC ACID.

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['YEAST']


abstract: 1. Aqueous extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I cause a disintegration of @entity375 nucleic acid. 2. Two enzyme activities, a polynucleotidase and a phosphatase, are demonstrated. 3. These activities are distinguished by different reactions to an environment of @entity3884 , different optima of @entity3884 ion concentration, and different rates of activity. 4. Adsorption with @entity13923 Type C removes substances inhibiting the polynucleotidase activity. 5. There is a rough proportionality between the polynucleotidase activity and the @entity5 -inducing power of different fractions of extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I. 6. There is a rough proportionality between the inhibition of polynucleotidase activity and the inhibition of the @entity5 agent. 7. The polynucleotidase activity of @entity1573 @entity5 I is as great as that of spleen, slightly less than that of kidney and liver, but much greater than that of muscle. There are also qualitative differences.

title: PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A XXXX TUMOR : IX. THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF @entity1573 TUMOR I ON @entity375 NUCLEIC ACID.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['CHICKEN']


abstract: 1. Aqueous extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I cause a disintegration of @entity375 nucleic acid. 2. Two enzyme activities, a polynucleotidase and a phosphatase, are demonstrated. 3. These activities are distinguished by different reactions to an environment of @entity3884 , different optima of @entity3884 ion concentration, and different rates of activity. 4. Adsorption with @entity13923 Type C removes substances inhibiting the polynucleotidase activity. 5. There is a rough proportionality between the polynucleotidase activity and the @entity5 -inducing power of different fractions of extracts of @entity1573 @entity5 I. 6. There is a rough proportionality between the inhibition of polynucleotidase activity and the inhibition of the @entity5 agent. 7. The polynucleotidase activity of @entity1573 @entity5 I is as great as that of spleen, slightly less than that of kidney and liver, but much greater than that of muscle. There are also qualitative differences.

title: PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A @entity1573 TUMOR : IX. THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF XXXX TUMOR I ON @entity375 NUCLEIC ACID.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['CHICKEN']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This survey was conducted to assess the presence of @entity4537 within a home health agency population in the United States. DESIGN: This voluntary survey was conducted by 177 home health agencies. A single observation of each @entity1 within the agency's active caseload formed the cohort examined. @entity1 deemed to be at low risk (Braden Scale score > 19) were eliminated from further evaluation, while those with @entity4537 were evaluated for wound- and caregiver-related factors. Surveys were conducted between @entity3490 , 1996, and December 31, 1997. SETTING: Home health agencies in 19 states throughout the United States, with no restrictions on the type or acuity of the @entity1 served. RESULTS: A total of 21,529 @entity1 were surveyed, with a prevalence of pressure @entity1066 (inclusive of all stages) of 6.8% (n = 1455). Rates for each agency ranged between 0.5% and 35.7%. The total number of @entity1066 reported was 2526 (average per @entity1 was 1.7), with 36% (n = 919) found on the sacrum and the buttocks. CONCLUSION: Pressure @entity1066 were the most frequently reported reason for admission to the agency's caseload. Survey results are similar to rates reported in other segments of the health care industry. However, among the home health care population, the primary caregiver is unlikely to be a health care professional. This survey found that the @entity1 's spouse was the primary caregiver in 30% (n = 437) of the 1450 responses received regarding the relationship of the primary caregiver to the @entity1 .

title: Report on the prevalence of XXXX in a home health agency population.

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['skin ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4537 :: (MESH:D012883,Disease) :: ['skin ulcers']


abstract: 1. Extracts of @entity1 blood plasma, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluids have been shown to contain a substance or substances which have a prolonged and powerful pressor action when injected into test animals. 2. The chemical properties of the substance suggest those of an organic base. It is extracted with @entity167 , soluble in water and @entity1324 , extracted from water by @entity3636 , and probably is but slightly heat-stable. The plasma colloids seem to hold the substance in a bound state since it does not appear in the ultrafiltrate and is liberated on coagulation of the colloids by @entity167 . Coagulation alone of the blood does not cause the substance to be formed. 3. Its action suggests that its pressor effect is brought about by mediation of the central nervous system. This inference was drawn from the following observations. (a) The functional intactness of the central nervous system is essential in order that pressor responses be obtained. Unanesthetized animals exhibit greater vascular responses than do anesthetized. (b) Pithing animals completely abolishes the response. Progressive ablation of the brain to the level of the hind brain does not alter the response, but below this level, injury abolishes the activity of the extract. (c) Some substance in the extract sensitizes the mechanism responsible for the carotid sinus reflex. (d) There is no parallelism between the response to peripherally acting drugs and pressor extracts. (e) Removal of the adrenal glands does not affect its character. 4. The rise in blood pressure appears to be due especially to constriction of the arteries in the splanchnic region. 5. Assay of the pressor extracts is made difficult because of the dependence of the vascular response on the functional state of the central nervous system. The carotid sinus reflex and stimulation with @entity544 -air mixtures have proved most useful means for the estimation of this functional state. It has been pointed out that the vascular responses to extract, stimulation of the carotid sinus, and inhalation of @entity544 -air vary greatly during the course of an experiment on anesthetized animals. This natural history of the vascular responses has been described. 6. No evidence has been produced by the method employed that the amount of this pressor substance is @entity101 or spinal fluid of @entity1 with @entity101 of varied pathogenesis ( @entity101 , essential @entity101 , malignant @entity101 , @entity3036 , and @entity17730 ).

title: PRESSOR SUBSTANCES FROM THE BODY FLUIDS OF XXXX IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increased in the blood', 'nephritic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity17730 :: ('MESH:D000237', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary basophilism']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['MAN']


abstract: The objective of this research was to compare the characteristics of skin permeation and metabolism of @entity72377 (EN) among @entity1 and several animal models. In vitro simultaneous skin permeation and metabolism experiment of EN was done in side by side diffusion cells at 37 degrees C. An EN hydrolysis experiment was carried out using skin homogenate and kinetic parameters (Vmax and K(m)) were estimated by computer data-fitting to Michaelis-Menten equation. Both EN and a metabolite, @entity1670 (NA), were detected in all receiver solutions in permeation studies and no significant chemical hydrolysis was found, indicating that enzymatic hydrolysis of EN occurred during the skin permeation process. Difference in total (EN + NA) flux, from EN-saturated solution, was less than double among various species. The ratio of NA flux to total flux was highest for @entity35 (0.94) followed by hairless @entity35 , @entity19 , @entity1 and hairless @entity19 (0.76, 0.23, 0.19 and 0.13), and thus a great species difference was found in skin esterase activity. Total flux increased linearly with increase in donor concentration for all species. For hairless @entity35 , @entity19 and hairless @entity19 , NA fluxes increased with increase in EN donor concentration and reached a plateau, suggesting that metabolic saturation occurred in skin. Species difference in NA fluxes and EN donor concentration in which the NA flux reached a plateau were also found. In @entity35 , kinetic parameters for EN hydrolysis using skin homogenate were significantly higher than those in @entity19 . These results suggest that species difference in permeation profiles of EN might primarily reflect the difference in esterase activity. To predict skin permeability in @entity1 using an animal model, the species difference in skin metabolism should be taken into consideration.

title: Species difference in simultaneous transport and metabolism of XXXX in skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity72377 :: ('MESH:C037328', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl nicotinate']

answer: @entity72377 :: (MESH:C037328,Chemical) :: ['ethyl nicotinate']


abstract: AIMS: We examined within a prospective longitudinal study whether @entity701 levels were associated with smoking or drinking behaviours, taking parental substance use into account. DESIGN: The influence of parental substance use on @entity701 levels of their adolescent offspring at age 10-12 years was examined. Next, @entity701 levels of adolescents who initiated smoking or drinking at the first data collection (age 10-12) were compared to non-users. Finally, we examined whether @entity701 levels could predict new onset and frequency of smoking and drinking 2 years later. SETTING AND @entity1 : First and second assessment data of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) were used, including 1768 Dutch adolescents aged 10-12 years, who were followed-up across a period of 2 years. MEASUREMENTS: @entity701 was measured in saliva samples at awakening, 30 minutes later, and at 8 p.m. at age 10-12. Self-reported substance use at age 10-12 and 13-14, and parental self-reported substance use were used. FINDINGS: Only maternal substance use was related to slightly lower adolescent @entity701 levels at 8 p.m. Both maternal and paternal substance use were associated with adolescent smoking and drinking at age 13-14, although fathers' use only predicted the amount used and not the chance of ever use. Finally, higher @entity701 levels were related moderately to current smoking and future frequency of smoking, but not to @entity167 use. CONCLUSIONS: In a general population, parental heavy substance use does not seem to affect @entity701 levels consistently in their offspring. We found some evidence for higher, instead of lower, @entity2339 activity as a predictor of smoking in early adolescence.

title: XXXX and smoking and drinking onset among adolescents: the longitudinal cohort TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']


abstract: Five fetuses, each with a @entity44 ( @entity44 ) were delivered at the Royal @entity1 's Hospital while 2 fetuses, each with a @entity44 were delivered at Monash Medical Centre in 1998. The number of cases reported in this series is higher than expected but it most likely occurred due to chance. The diagnosis was made prenatally in all cases. Three of the @entity44 were entirely external while the remaining 4 were external with intrapelvic extension. Rapid growth of the @entity44 occurred in 3 fetuses. This was associated with @entity2978 in 2 fetuses. No fetus developed nonimmune @entity4 . Six @entity1 were liveborn (perinatal mortality rate of 14%), 3 of whom were delivered prior to 37 weeks' gestation. Two @entity1 were delivered by classical Caesarean section. The remaining 4 @entity1 were delivered by lower uterine segment Caesarean section. There was 1 perinatal @entity204 . This stillborn @entity1 was delivered vaginally. The 6 surgical resections were performed between the 4th and 10th postnatal days. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign @entity44 in each. One @entity1 developed a recurrence at 2 months of age and required chemotherapy.

title: Prenatal diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['sacrococcygeal teratoma', 'SCT']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['sacrococcygeal teratoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The dermoscopic features of @entity66 on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane are different from those on hairy skin. Differentiation between benign lesions and malignant @entity320 of these sites is often difficult. OBJECTIVE: To define the dermoscopic patterns of lesions on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane, and assess the applicability of standard dermoscopic algorithms to these lesions. @entity1 AND METHODS: An unselected consecutive series of 40 lesions on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane was studied. All the lesions were imaged using dermoscopy devices, analysed for dermoscopic patterns and scored with algorithms including the ABCD rule, Menzies method, 7-point checklist, 3-point checklist and the @entity1182 algorithm. RESULTS: Benign @entity66 of the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane frequently presented a dotted-globular pattern (25%), a homogeneous pattern (25%), a fish scale-like pattern (18.8%) and a hyphal pattern (18.8%), while @entity320 of these sites showed a multicomponent pattern (75%) and a homogeneous pattern (25%). The fish scale-like pattern and hyphal pattern were considered to be variants of the ring-like pattern. The sensitivities of the ABCD rule, Menzies method, 7-point checklist, 3-point checklist and @entity1182 algorithm in diagnosing @entity320 were 100%, 100%, 63%, 88% and 100%; and the specificities were 100%, 94%, 100%, 94% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ring-like pattern and its variants (fish scale-like pattern and hyphal pattern) are frequently observed as well as the dotted-globular pattern and homogeneous pattern in mucosal melanotic macules. The algorithms for @entity66 on hairy skin also apply to those on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane with high sensitivity and specificity.

title: Dermoscopy of XXXX on mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal melanomas', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pigmented lesions']


abstract: The action of the virus of @entity1641 @entity1651 in the @entity840 brain has been studied, and various histological changes have been described in detail. After peripheral inoculation (as in the pad) the earliest detectable pathologic change in the nervous system is the accumulation of leucocytes within the lumen of blood vessels, and the proliferation of the vascular adventitia. This precedes the appearance of any significant perivascular cuffing, and may or may not be accompanied by a few polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the tissue. The @entity75 is a fairly well circumscribed focus of polymorphonuclear leucocytes accompanying the blood vessel changes described above. The leucocytes may be numerous or sparse, and may or may not be accompanied by @entity528 . In early cases, before the onset of symptoms, such circumscribed lesions appear in small number irregularly scattered through the gray matter. The neo- and olfactory cortices are the principal sites of predilection, although basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and lower olfactory centers may also be involved. The hippocampus is much less affected than other parts of the brain. A rough distinction is made between inflammatory and @entity179 , a distinction which depends on the relationship between the @entity528 and the exudative changes in any given site. These two types are described, and their significance is discussed. After intracerebral inoculation, the inflammatory changes are much less marked than after peripheral inoculation. This is due not to insufficient time for the development of lesions but to a different type of pathological process. Following intracerebral inoculation, there is primary destruction of neurones, involving especially the hippocampus, and also large areas of the neo-cortex. This change, similar to @entity39 , is regarded in part as a non-specific reaction of especially vulnerable tissue.

title: STUDIES ON EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS : I. HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['typical lesion']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal destruction']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['GUINEA PIG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the outcome of ridge augmentation with cancellous freeze-dried block bone allografts in the posterior @entity3202 mandible followed by placement of dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bony deficiency of at least 3 mm, horizontally, vertically, or both, according to computerized tomography (CT) para-axial reconstruction served as inclusion criteria. Implants were inserted after a healing period of 6 months. Bone measurements were taken prior to bone augmentation, during implant placement, and at second-stage surgery. Marginal @entity604 and crown-to-implant ratio were also measured. RESULTS: Twenty-nine cancellous allogeneic bone blocks were placed in 21 @entity1 . The mean follow-up was 37 months. Bone block survival rate was 79.3%. Mean horizontal and vertical bone gains were 5.6 and 4.3 mm, respectively. Mean buccal bone resorption was 0.5 mm at implant placement and 0.2 mm at second-stage surgery. A total of 85 implants were placed. Mean bone thickness buccal to the implant neck was 2.5 mm at implant placement and 2.3 mm at second-stage surgery. There was no evidence of vertical @entity604 between implant placement and second-stage surgery. Implant survival rate was 95.3%. All @entity1 received a fixed implant-supported prosthesis. At the last follow-up, the mean marginal @entity604 was 0.5 mm. The mean crown-to-implant ratio was 0.96. CONCLUSION: Implant placement in the posterior @entity3202 mandible following augmentation with cancellous freeze-dried bone block allografts may be regarded as a viable treatment alternative.

title: Efficacy of cancellous block allograft augmentation prior to implant placement in the posterior XXXX mandible.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately 40% of idiopathic @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) @entity1 will suffer an exacerbation (recurrence of @entity2106 within 30 d after their last plasma exchange (PE) procedure), but there are no data to predict who is at greater risk. We studied the clinical utility of demographic and @entity2105 biomarker data to predict the risk for exacerbation. @entity1 : Forty-four acute episodes of idiopathic @entity2106 from 26 @entity1 were studied. METHODS: PE was performed plus either @entity229 (1 mg/kg/d) or @entity205 (2-3 mg/kg/d) as adjuncts. PE was continued daily until response (platelet count >150 000/microL and normalized @entity880 dehydrogenase) and tapered uniformly in all @entity1 . @entity2105 biomarkers were studied prior to PE and after achieving a response, but within 7 d of the last PE. RESULTS: African American race (AA) was associated with an increased risk for exacerbation (P = 0.046). @entity2105 at presentation was also significantly lower in @entity1 experiencing an exacerbation (P = 0.0364). After adjusting for the race effect, @entity2105 remained marginally significant (P = 0.0569). CONCLUSIONS: AA is significantly associated with an increased risk for exacerbations of @entity2106 . These data also suggest that decreasing pretreatment @entity2105 activity was associated with an increased risk for exacerbation, even after accounting for the effect of race.

title: Demographic and @entity2105 biomarker data as predictors of early recurrences of idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately 40% of idiopathic @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) @entity1 will suffer an exacerbation (recurrence of @entity2106 within 30 d after their last plasma exchange (PE) procedure), but there are no data to predict who is at greater risk. We studied the clinical utility of demographic and @entity2105 biomarker data to predict the risk for exacerbation. @entity1 : Forty-four acute episodes of idiopathic @entity2106 from 26 @entity1 were studied. METHODS: PE was performed plus either @entity229 (1 mg/kg/d) or @entity205 (2-3 mg/kg/d) as adjuncts. PE was continued daily until response (platelet count >150 000/microL and normalized @entity880 dehydrogenase) and tapered uniformly in all @entity1 . @entity2105 biomarkers were studied prior to PE and after achieving a response, but within 7 d of the last PE. RESULTS: African American race (AA) was associated with an increased risk for exacerbation (P = 0.046). @entity2105 at presentation was also significantly lower in @entity1 experiencing an exacerbation (P = 0.0364). After adjusting for the race effect, @entity2105 remained marginally significant (P = 0.0569). CONCLUSIONS: AA is significantly associated with an increased risk for exacerbations of @entity2106 . These data also suggest that decreasing pretreatment @entity2105 activity was associated with an increased risk for exacerbation, even after accounting for the effect of race.

title: Demographic and XXXX biomarker data as predictors of early recurrences of idiopathic @entity2106 .

answer: @entity2105 :: (11093,Gene) :: ['ADAMTS13']


abstract: Delays in the diagnosis of @entity195 , and, therefore, delays in treatment, may have a detrimental effect on a @entity1 's long-term well-being. This study assessed the effects of postponing @entity8124 treatment for 1 year by comparing @entity1 treated continuously for 3 years with those who received placebo for 1 year followed by open-label @entity8124 for 2 years. @entity1 (n = 286) with possible or probable @entity195 (according to DSM-IV, NINCDS-ADRDA, and Mini-Mental State Examination criteria; see text) were randomized to receive @entity8124 (5 mg/day for 4 weeks, 10 mg/day thereafter) or placebo (delayed-start group) for 1 year. Of the 192 completers, 157 began a 2-year, open-label phase of @entity8124 treatment. Outcome measures were the Gottfries-Br  ne-Steen scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Global Deterioration Scale, the Progressive Deterioration Scale, the @entity146 Inventory, and safety (adverse events). Mixed regression analysis was used to compare changes between the groups over 3 years on the efficacy measures. There was a trend for @entity1 receiving continuous therapy to have less global deterioration (Gottfries-Br  ne-Steen scale) than those who had delayed treatment (p = 0.056). Small but statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for the secondary measures of cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination; p = 0.004) and cognitive and functional abilities (Global Deterioration Scale; p = 0.0231) in favor of continuous @entity8124 therapy. Over 90% of the @entity1 in both cohorts experienced one treatment-emergent adverse event; most were considered mild or moderate. In conclusion, @entity1 in whom the start of treatment is delayed may demonstrate slightly reduced benefits as compared with those seen in @entity1 starting @entity8124 therapy early in the course of @entity195 . These data support the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity8124 .

title: 3-year study of XXXX therapy in @entity195 : effects of early and continuous therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity8124 :: (MESH:C076946,Chemical) :: ['donepezil']


abstract: Delays in the diagnosis of @entity195 , and, therefore, delays in treatment, may have a detrimental effect on a @entity1 's long-term well-being. This study assessed the effects of postponing @entity8124 treatment for 1 year by comparing @entity1 treated continuously for 3 years with those who received placebo for 1 year followed by open-label @entity8124 for 2 years. @entity1 (n = 286) with possible or probable @entity195 (according to DSM-IV, NINCDS-ADRDA, and Mini-Mental State Examination criteria; see text) were randomized to receive @entity8124 (5 mg/day for 4 weeks, 10 mg/day thereafter) or placebo (delayed-start group) for 1 year. Of the 192 completers, 157 began a 2-year, open-label phase of @entity8124 treatment. Outcome measures were the Gottfries-Br  ne-Steen scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Global Deterioration Scale, the Progressive Deterioration Scale, the @entity146 Inventory, and safety (adverse events). Mixed regression analysis was used to compare changes between the groups over 3 years on the efficacy measures. There was a trend for @entity1 receiving continuous therapy to have less global deterioration (Gottfries-Br  ne-Steen scale) than those who had delayed treatment (p = 0.056). Small but statistically significant differences between the groups were observed for the secondary measures of cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination; p = 0.004) and cognitive and functional abilities (Global Deterioration Scale; p = 0.0231) in favor of continuous @entity8124 therapy. Over 90% of the @entity1 in both cohorts experienced one treatment-emergent adverse event; most were considered mild or moderate. In conclusion, @entity1 in whom the start of treatment is delayed may demonstrate slightly reduced benefits as compared with those seen in @entity1 starting @entity8124 therapy early in the course of @entity195 . These data support the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity8124 .

title: 3-year study of @entity8124 therapy in XXXX : effects of early and continuous therapy.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: AIM: This paper is a report of a pilot study to examine the significance, direction, and magnitude of the relationship of risk factors, protective factors, and resilience to quality of life in survivors of childhood @entity5 , and to explore what these variables meant to @entity1 in order to better understand the quantitative findings and to assess the validity of the instruments with this population. BACKGROUND: @entity5 survivors contend with physical, psychosocial and emotional consequences of the disease and its treatment. There has been little research in Taiwan assessing these outcomes and, as survivor numbers increase, appropriate interventions need to be implemented. Haase's Adolescent Resilience Model was used as the theoretical framework. METHODS: A mixed methods design was used to assess the relationship between the variables for survivors of @entity1778 and @entity1313 . Ninety-eight @entity1 completed quantitative tools and interviews, and the data were collected in 2006. FINDINGS: Survivors of @entity1778 had better quality of life than those with @entity1313 . This is attributed to more positive protective factors, fewer illness-related and individual risk factors and more positive resilience scores. Findings were congruent with similar studies from other countries. Qualitatively, @entity1 believed that better quality of life meant less loss of self, a more integrated self, less chronic fear, and an ability to rebound and achieve personal control over one's life. CONCLUSION: Interventions and assessment of their efficacy are necessary to help survivors capitalize on their strengths, to decrease their individual risks and to promote resilience promote self-control.

title: Factors affecting quality of life in Taiwanese survivors of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'brain cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of decline in blood pressure on mortality in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 admitted with spontaneous @entity1779 over a 3-year period. MEASURES: Blood pressure recordings were obtained from the first 24 hrs. @entity1 (n = 105) with more than five blood pressure recordings and on average greater than one measurement per 2 hrs were included (mean measurements per @entity1 = 20.3). @entity551 ( @entity551 ) recordings over the first 24 hrs after presentation were regressed on time for each @entity1 . Each @entity1 's @entity551 was calculated as a slope (change mm Hg/hr). We performed logistic regression analyses to determine the effect of @entity551 slope on mortality and functional outcome, adjusting for other predictive factors including Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score and @entity1410 volume. The effect of @entity551 slope on mortality was also evaluated in subsets of @entity1 based on age, gender, initial GCS score, initial @entity551 , treatment status, @entity1410 volume, and presence of ventricular blood. MAIN RESULTS: Mean slope of change in @entity551 was -2.0 mm Hg/hr (+/- 1.9, range -8.5 to +0.6). The slope of @entity551 (faster rate of decline) within the first 24 hrs was significantly associated with higher mortality (p =.04), independent of initial GCS score and @entity1410 volume. In subgroup analyses, @entity551 slope was significantly associated with mortality in @entity1 (p = .08), @entity1 with @entity1410 volume <50 mm3 (p =.08), initial @entity551 < or = 146 mm Hg (p = .006), and those with initial GCS score > or = 10 (p= .07). @entity551 slope did not predict functional outcome among survivors. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid decline in @entity551 within 24 hrs after presentation is independently associated with increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity1779 . A large, prospective, randomized trial is required to confirm these findings.

title: Rate of 24-hour blood pressure decline and mortality after spontaneous XXXX : a retrospective analysis with a random effects regression model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Mean arterial pressure', 'MAP']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: 1. @entity1434 fed to young albino @entity35 as 10 per cent of the diet resulted in: (a) @entity548 , @entity3036 , within 3 or 4 days. (b) A high mortality rate. (c) Fatty infiltration of hepatic cells in all @entity35 surviving the initial acute lesion. (d) @entity1575 in @entity35 surviving more than 2 weeks. 2. 5 per cent dietary @entity1434 produced marked @entity1560 of the liver, followed by @entity548 . @entity82 was present in one of the two @entity35 on the diet for 6 weeks. 3. The livers of @entity35 fed 5 or 10 per cent @entity1434 diets followed by the McCollum stock diet, showed evidence of residual cellular damage, and of regeneration as shown by mitotic figures. 4. In this series of 30 @entity35 on excess dietary @entity1434 , a @entity8 was found in only one case.

title: CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER CAUSED BY EXCESS DIETARY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Portal hemorrhagic necrosis', 'portal hemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['resembling eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1434 :: ('MESH:D003553', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystine', 'cystine']

answer: @entity1434 :: (MESH:D003553,Chemical) :: ['CYSTINE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity96 is a common @entity5 with a high mortality rate. Given the poor prognosis associated with this @entity5 , many @entity1 seek additional therapies that may improve quality of life or survival. Several Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) have been evaluated in clinical trials, but little is known about them outside of China. METHODS: We searched independently and in duplicate 8 electronic databases, including 2 Chinese language databases, until February 2009. We included any randomized clinical trials (RCT) evaluating a TCM oral preparation for the treatment of @entity96 . We abstracted data on survival, @entity5 response, and performance scores. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and applied a meta-regression analysis. RESULTS: We included 45 RCTs (n = 3,236). All studies employed an active control group. In general, the reporting of methodological issues was poor. We analyzed data from 37 trials reporting on complete response effects score (Relative Risk [RR] of 1.26 (95 CI, 1.04-1.52, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%, P = 0.99). Products containing @entity9052 , astragalus and mylabris had a larger treatment effect (OR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.04-1.71, P = 0.01) than the pooled broad estimate, also the case for astragalus-based treatments (OR 1.35, 95% CI, 1.001-1.80. P = 0.048). We examined survival rates and pooled 15 studies reporting on 6 month outcomes (RR 1.10, 95% CI, 1.04-1.15, P = < 0.0001, I2 = 0%, P = 0.60). This effect was consistent at other prospective dates, including 12 months (22 trials, RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.17-1.36, P = < 0.0001, I2 = 7%, P = 0.36), 24 months (15 trials, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.40-2.03, P = < 0.0001, I2 = 0%, P = 0.75); and, at 36 months (8 trials, RR 2.40, 95% CI, 1.65-3.49, P = < 0.0001, I2 = 0%, P = 0.62). LIMITATIONS: All included trials were conducted in China where emerging evidence suggests many RCTs are not, in fact, randomized. Publication bias may exist, favouring positive reports. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis displays compelling evidence of effectiveness for @entity96 that should be evaluated in high-quality and transparent clinical trials.

title: Traditional Chinese Medicines in the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cancer', 'hepatocellular cancers']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on their chemoattractant properties, it is likely that chemokines play a role in recruiting alloantigen-primed T cells to allografts and in amplifying @entity32 within the graft. The graft-infiltrating leukocytes producing specific chemokines remain largely unknown. METHODS: We tested the intragraft RNA expression of the chemokine @entity638 (regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted) and @entity9298 during rejection of full thickness, allogeneic skin grafts by C57BL/6 @entity19 . Grafts with different immunogenetic disparities were chosen to test expression when rejection was mediated by @entity1961 +, CD8+, or both @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells. RNA expression was also tested in purified @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cell populations from skin graft recipients. Immunohistology was performed on graft sections to test colocalization of @entity638 protein and graft-infiltrating @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: Intra-allograft @entity638 RNA expression was not observed during @entity1961 + T cell-mediated rejection. Expression of @entity638 and @entity9298 RNA was observed at low levels in purified populations of CD8+, but not @entity1961 +, T cells from the spleen and lymph nodes of graft recipients beginning at day 7 after transplantation and increased thereafter. Intra-allograft @entity638 protein was associated with a small number of graft-infiltrating CD8+ T cells but was also associated with endothelial cells and with many graft-infiltrating @entity1961 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: CD8+ T cells produce @entity638 during allogeneic skin graft rejection. In the allograft, the chemokine also colocalizes with @entity1961 + T cells that do not produce @entity638 .

title: CD8+ T cells produce XXXX during acute rejection of @entity19 allogeneic skin grafts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity638 :: (20304(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RANTES']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on their chemoattractant properties, it is likely that chemokines play a role in recruiting alloantigen-primed T cells to allografts and in amplifying @entity32 within the graft. The graft-infiltrating leukocytes producing specific chemokines remain largely unknown. METHODS: We tested the intragraft RNA expression of the chemokine @entity638 (regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted) and @entity9298 during rejection of full thickness, allogeneic skin grafts by C57BL/6 @entity19 . Grafts with different immunogenetic disparities were chosen to test expression when rejection was mediated by @entity1961 +, CD8+, or both @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells. RNA expression was also tested in purified @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cell populations from skin graft recipients. Immunohistology was performed on graft sections to test colocalization of @entity638 protein and graft-infiltrating @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: Intra-allograft @entity638 RNA expression was not observed during @entity1961 + T cell-mediated rejection. Expression of @entity638 and @entity9298 RNA was observed at low levels in purified populations of CD8+, but not @entity1961 +, T cells from the spleen and lymph nodes of graft recipients beginning at day 7 after transplantation and increased thereafter. Intra-allograft @entity638 protein was associated with a small number of graft-infiltrating CD8+ T cells but was also associated with endothelial cells and with many graft-infiltrating @entity1961 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: CD8+ T cells produce @entity638 during allogeneic skin graft rejection. In the allograft, the chemokine also colocalizes with @entity1961 + T cells that do not produce @entity638 .

title: CD8+ T cells produce @entity638 during acute rejection of XXXX allogeneic skin grafts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']