abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrafiltration (UF) can improve the exercise performance of @entity1 with moderate @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Our aim was to define the starting levels of performance below which UF is beneficial. @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied 26 @entity1 in 2 to 3 NYHA class, whose clinical condition was stable, left ventricle ejection fraction (echocardiography) was < 35% and peak exercise @entity26 uptake (VO2) was > or = 14 mL/min/kg. They underwent a single extracorporeal UF (about 600 mL of ultrafiltrate per hour). Before that, we evaluated pulmonary function (PFT), functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPX]), cardiac index, left ventricle ejection fraction, ventricular filling pressures, and plasma @entity1063 at rest. The PFTs and CPXs were repeated 3 months after UF. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 had a rise of peak exercise VO2 > 1 mL/min/kg at the 3-month evaluation (group A, ultrafiltrate = 2,040 +/- 241 mL) and 10 did not (group B, ultrafiltrate = 1,870 +/- 169 mL). Forced expiratory volume (1 s), maximal @entity2798 , and vital capacity were lower in group A than in group B and improved after UF only in group A. Before UF, VO2 at peak exercise and at anaerobic threshold (15.5 +/- 0.4 mL/min/kg and 11.0 +/- 0.5, respectively) was also lower in group A than in group B (21.2 +/- 0.7 mL/min/kg and 14.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). @entity1 whose pre-UF peak exercise VO2 was > 18.5 mL/min/kg (group B) had no increase in this variable. No significant group differences were detected regarding @entity1063 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and hemodyanmic parameters at rest. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with moderate @entity712 undergoing UF, exercise capacity improvement is inversely related to the pre-UF level of physical performance and pulmonary function; VO2 at peak exercise seems useful for identification of @entity1 not benefiting from the procedure.

title: Ultrafiltration in moderate @entity712 . Exercise XXXX uptake as a predictor of the clinical benefits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary ventilation']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrafiltration (UF) can improve the exercise performance of @entity1 with moderate @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Our aim was to define the starting levels of performance below which UF is beneficial. @entity1 AND METHOD: We studied 26 @entity1 in 2 to 3 NYHA class, whose clinical condition was stable, left ventricle ejection fraction (echocardiography) was < 35% and peak exercise @entity26 uptake (VO2) was > or = 14 mL/min/kg. They underwent a single extracorporeal UF (about 600 mL of ultrafiltrate per hour). Before that, we evaluated pulmonary function (PFT), functional capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPX]), cardiac index, left ventricle ejection fraction, ventricular filling pressures, and plasma @entity1063 at rest. The PFTs and CPXs were repeated 3 months after UF. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 had a rise of peak exercise VO2 > 1 mL/min/kg at the 3-month evaluation (group A, ultrafiltrate = 2,040 +/- 241 mL) and 10 did not (group B, ultrafiltrate = 1,870 +/- 169 mL). Forced expiratory volume (1 s), maximal @entity2798 , and vital capacity were lower in group A than in group B and improved after UF only in group A. Before UF, VO2 at peak exercise and at anaerobic threshold (15.5 +/- 0.4 mL/min/kg and 11.0 +/- 0.5, respectively) was also lower in group A than in group B (21.2 +/- 0.7 mL/min/kg and 14.8 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). @entity1 whose pre-UF peak exercise VO2 was > 18.5 mL/min/kg (group B) had no increase in this variable. No significant group differences were detected regarding @entity1063 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and hemodyanmic parameters at rest. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with moderate @entity712 undergoing UF, exercise capacity improvement is inversely related to the pre-UF level of physical performance and pulmonary function; VO2 at peak exercise seems useful for identification of @entity1 not benefiting from the procedure.

title: Ultrafiltration in moderate XXXX . Exercise @entity26 uptake as a predictor of the clinical benefits.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Light scatter measurements using flow cytometry indicated that T cells from young and old @entity19 undergo apoptosis following activation with immobilized anti- @entity5168 . The percentage of cells in apoptosis after 20 h activation was significantly greater (p < .001) in cultures containing cells from older animals. The mean percentages of apoptotic T cells from young and old @entity19 after 20 h activation were 19.3% and 33.0%, respectively. The proportion of viable cells after 20 h activation was significantly higher (p < .003) in the young (mean = 78.4%) than in the old animals (mean = 65.8%). Simultaneous measurements of light scatter and fluorescence indicated that apoptotic T cells contained both the @entity1961 + and the CD8+ T-cell phenotypes. The frequency of apoptotic CD8+ T cells was elevated (p < .007) in older animals, where the mean percentage was 15.1%, compared to 5.3% in the young. The most dramatic difference between young and old (p < .0008) was seen in the percentages of viable @entity1961 + T cells after 20 h activation. The mean viable @entity1961 + T-cell percentage was 33.7% in- the young and 21.4% in the old. @entity1961 + cells expressing high levels of CD45RB (CD45RBhi) after activation for 20 h possessed light scatter and bright fluorescence properties characteristic of viable cells, whereas @entity1961 +/CD45RBlo density cells could be identified as apoptotic based on their decreased @entity1961 fluorescence and scatter characteristics. @entity1961 + cells from young animals were predominantly CD45RBhi, whereas @entity1961 + cells from the old had greater levels of CD454RBlo cells. In addition to light scatter changes, measurement of DNA content after 40 h activation revealed the presence of a sub-G1 DNA apoptotic peak and a viable cell cycle distribution. After 40 h of activation, there was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in both young and old @entity19 , with the greatest increase seen in the cells from older animals. Further evidence supporting the process of apoptosis in 40 h-activated cells was confirmed by the appearance of DNA strand breaks detected by in situ nick translation.

title: Anti- XXXX -induced apoptosis in T-cells from young and old @entity19 .

answer: @entity5168 :: (12501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD3']


abstract: Light scatter measurements using flow cytometry indicated that T cells from young and old @entity19 undergo apoptosis following activation with immobilized anti- @entity5168 . The percentage of cells in apoptosis after 20 h activation was significantly greater (p < .001) in cultures containing cells from older animals. The mean percentages of apoptotic T cells from young and old @entity19 after 20 h activation were 19.3% and 33.0%, respectively. The proportion of viable cells after 20 h activation was significantly higher (p < .003) in the young (mean = 78.4%) than in the old animals (mean = 65.8%). Simultaneous measurements of light scatter and fluorescence indicated that apoptotic T cells contained both the @entity1961 + and the CD8+ T-cell phenotypes. The frequency of apoptotic CD8+ T cells was elevated (p < .007) in older animals, where the mean percentage was 15.1%, compared to 5.3% in the young. The most dramatic difference between young and old (p < .0008) was seen in the percentages of viable @entity1961 + T cells after 20 h activation. The mean viable @entity1961 + T-cell percentage was 33.7% in- the young and 21.4% in the old. @entity1961 + cells expressing high levels of CD45RB (CD45RBhi) after activation for 20 h possessed light scatter and bright fluorescence properties characteristic of viable cells, whereas @entity1961 +/CD45RBlo density cells could be identified as apoptotic based on their decreased @entity1961 fluorescence and scatter characteristics. @entity1961 + cells from young animals were predominantly CD45RBhi, whereas @entity1961 + cells from the old had greater levels of CD454RBlo cells. In addition to light scatter changes, measurement of DNA content after 40 h activation revealed the presence of a sub-G1 DNA apoptotic peak and a viable cell cycle distribution. After 40 h of activation, there was an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in both young and old @entity19 , with the greatest increase seen in the cells from older animals. Further evidence supporting the process of apoptosis in 40 h-activated cells was confirmed by the appearance of DNA strand breaks detected by in situ nick translation.

title: Anti- @entity5168 -induced apoptosis in T-cells from young and old XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % level in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: A search of the literature on English publications was performed in Cochrane Central, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE (until 06 February 2014). An RCT was selected if the subject was @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7278 , and compared HbA1c% change after non-surgical periodontal treatment alone for at least three months of the study duration. Weighted mean difference for pooled data and large sample size strata were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: After the study selection process, only 9 RCTs were suitable. Compared to the control group, the pooled analysis (n=1082) showed -0.27 % (95 % CI:-0.46 % to -0.07 %, p= 0.007) absolute difference in HbA1c % with treatment while studies with sufficient sample size had HbA1c % change of -0.014 % (95 % CI:-0.18 % to 0.16 %, p= 0.87). Publication bias was marginally significant with Egger's teat (p=0.045) but not with Begg's test (p=0.72). CONCLUSION: The moderate reduction in HbA1c after the non-surgical therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is consistent with previous systematic reviews. However, more large scale and high-quality RCTs are necessitated to confirm these results.

title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on glycemic control of @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % level in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: A search of the literature on English publications was performed in Cochrane Central, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE (until 06 February 2014). An RCT was selected if the subject was @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7278 , and compared HbA1c% change after non-surgical periodontal treatment alone for at least three months of the study duration. Weighted mean difference for pooled data and large sample size strata were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: After the study selection process, only 9 RCTs were suitable. Compared to the control group, the pooled analysis (n=1082) showed -0.27 % (95 % CI:-0.46 % to -0.07 %, p= 0.007) absolute difference in HbA1c % with treatment while studies with sufficient sample size had HbA1c % change of -0.014 % (95 % CI:-0.18 % to 0.16 %, p= 0.87). Publication bias was marginally significant with Egger's teat (p=0.045) but not with Begg's test (p=0.72). CONCLUSION: The moderate reduction in HbA1c after the non-surgical therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is consistent with previous systematic reviews. However, more large scale and high-quality RCTs are necessitated to confirm these results.

title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on glycemic control of XXXX with @entity6 : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Precise adaptable fixation of a supracondylar humerus osteotomy with a radial/lateral external fixator to correct posttraumatic cubitus varus. INDICATIONS: Acquired, posttraumatic cubitus varus as a result of a malhealed and unsatisfactorily treated supracondylar humerus @entity174 . @entity3192 (very seldom) if the @entity1 (independent of age and after complete healing) is cosmetically impaired; stability of the elbow is reduced due to @entity893 ( @entity3579 ); secondary problems and @entity158 (e.   g., irritation of the ulnar nerve) are expected or already exist; or there is an explicit wish of the @entity1 /parents (relative indication). CONTRAINDICATIONS: In principle there are no contraindications provided that the indication criteria are filled. The common argument of age does not represent a contraindication in our opinion, since angular remodeling at the distal end of the humerus is practically nonexistent. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Basically, the surgical technique of the radial external fixator is used as previously described for stabilization of complex supracondylar @entity174 . With the @entity1 in supine position, the arm is placed freely on an arm table. Using a 4-5 cm long skin incision along the radial, supracondylar, the extracapsular part of the distal humerus is prepared, whereby great caution regarding the radial nerve is advised. In contrast to the procedure used in radial external fixation for supracondylar humeral @entity174 treatment, two Schanz screws are always fixed in each fragment at a distance of 1.5-2 cm. The osteotomy must allow the fragment to freely move in all directions. The proximal and distal two Schanz screws are then connected with short 4 mm @entity505 or stainless steel rods. These two rods are connected with each other over another rod using the tub-to-tub technique. Now the preliminary correction according the clinical situation can be performed and the clamps are tightened. @entity2270 and function are checked. If these are radiologically and clinically perfect, all clamps are definitively tightened; if the alignment or the function is not perfect, then further adjustments can be made. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Due to the excellent stability, further immobilization not necessary. Immediate functional follow-up treatment performed according to @entity158 . RESULTS: Adequate healing is usually expected within 6 weeks. At this time the external fixator can be removed in the @entity174 clinic. Because the whole operation is performed in an extraarticular manner and the mobility of the elbow is not affected, deterioration of function has never been observed. Also regarding the cosmetic/anatomical situation, good results are expected because they were already achieved intraoperatively.

title: [Treatment of posttraumatic cubitus varus in XXXX and adolescents. Supracondylar humeral osteotomy using radial external fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['humeral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['Anatomical axis']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic, congenital cubitus varus']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and aims: The role of recently developed balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) in small-bowel @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is not well established. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical impact of BAE on @entity1 with suspected and @entity30 . Methods: This study included 22 @entity1 (group A) with suspected small-bowel @entity30 and 43 @entity1 (group B) with @entity30 with or without previous surgery, who underwent BAE, in a prospective BAE registry of a US academic medical institution. All underwent abdominal imaging studies including computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) enterography before BAE. The main outcome measurements were diagnostic yield and clinical outcomes. Results: In total, 78 BAE procedures were carried out in 65 @entity1 . In group A (n=22, 25 BAE procedures), enteroscopy led to a diagnosis of @entity30 in six @entity1 (27.3%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related @entity7017 was diagnosed in three @entity1 (13.6%), whereas no lesions were found in the remaining 13 @entity1 . In group B (n=43, 53 BAE procedures) enteroscopy revealed active intestinal inflammation with @entity1066 and/or luminal stenosis in 18 @entity1 (41.9%), which led to a change and escalation of medical therapy. Five @entity1 without active @entity1066 underwent successful dilation of @entity29 with resulting resolution of obstructive symptoms. Of the 78 BAE procedures, two @entity1 (2.6%) had @entity548 complications which were successfully treated conservatively. One @entity1 (1.3%) underwent surgery due to procedure-related perforation. Conclusions: The use of BAE may help improve management in @entity1 with suspected and @entity30 .

title: Impact of balloon-assisted enteroscopy on the diagnosis and management of suspected and established small-bowel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel strictures']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'established small-bowel CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity158 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity1 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity1286 and @entity12586 @entity1337 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity158 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity1286 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity12586 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity63 , and @entity158 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity158 responses were computed to determine @entity1286 and @entity12586 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity1 showed slightly greater @entity158 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity1 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity1 showed lower @entity158 thresholds compared to NOC @entity1 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity1 showed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 for @entity158 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity1286 were significantly higher in NOC @entity1 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity158 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity158 responses were observed; however, @entity1286 @entity1337 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on @entity1286 and XXXX @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pressure pain', 'ischemic pain', 'pain', 'heat pain']

answer: @entity12586 :: (MESH:D010423,Chemical) :: ['pentazocine']


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity158 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity1 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity1286 and @entity12586 @entity1337 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity158 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity1286 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity12586 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity63 , and @entity158 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity158 responses were computed to determine @entity1286 and @entity12586 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity1 showed slightly greater @entity158 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity1 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity1 showed lower @entity158 thresholds compared to NOC @entity1 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity1 showed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 for @entity158 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity1286 were significantly higher in NOC @entity1 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity158 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity158 responses were observed; however, @entity1286 @entity1337 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on @entity1286 and @entity12586 XXXX .

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity158 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity1 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity1286 and @entity12586 @entity1337 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity158 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity1286 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity12586 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity63 , and @entity158 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity158 responses were computed to determine @entity1286 and @entity12586 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity1 showed slightly greater @entity158 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity1 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity1 showed lower @entity158 thresholds compared to NOC @entity1 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity1 showed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 for @entity158 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity1286 were significantly higher in NOC @entity1 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity158 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity158 responses were observed; however, @entity1286 @entity1337 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on XXXX and @entity12586 @entity1337 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: We report six cases of intentionally inflicted cardiac laceration. The victims ranged in age from 9 weeks to 2 1/2 years. Five victims were @entity1 and in five cases the right atrium was lacerated. The left ventricle was lacerated in the other case. In the three cases with a confession, one victim each was struck with a fist, stomped, and kicked. Four @entity1 had @entity174 , with at least two @entity174 in each case. @entity7086 from blunt @entity130 most commonly results from compression of the heart between the sternum and vertebral column, but may also occur from compression of the abdomen or legs, deceleration, @entity3614 , puncture of the heart by a fractured rib, and @entity397 through a resolving contusion. Accidentally acquired @entity299 usually result from motor vehicle accidents or similarly severe forces. In @entity1 there are neither well documented cases of cardiac laceration nor of @entity174 from @entity1167 . @entity299 , as with other types of severe @entity130 acquired at home, are almost never accidental.

title: XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac lacerations', 'cardiac lacerations']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary resuscitation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Homicidal cardiac lacerations']


abstract: We report six cases of intentionally inflicted cardiac laceration. The victims ranged in age from 9 weeks to 2 1/2 years. Five victims were @entity1 and in five cases the right atrium was lacerated. The left ventricle was lacerated in the other case. In the three cases with a confession, one victim each was struck with a fist, stomped, and kicked. Four @entity1 had @entity174 , with at least two @entity174 in each case. @entity7086 from blunt @entity130 most commonly results from compression of the heart between the sternum and vertebral column, but may also occur from compression of the abdomen or legs, deceleration, @entity3614 , puncture of the heart by a fractured rib, and @entity397 through a resolving contusion. Accidentally acquired @entity299 usually result from motor vehicle accidents or similarly severe forces. In @entity1 there are neither well documented cases of cardiac laceration nor of @entity174 from @entity1167 . @entity299 , as with other types of severe @entity130 acquired at home, are almost never accidental.

title: @entity299 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits over 5 years, trends in @entity130 , and associations between injury-related @entity341 visit outcome and @entity1 and community-level sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data provided to the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Core Data Project, 2004-2008. Home addresses were geocoded to determine census block group and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity and Severity Classification System scores were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and admission or transfer among injury-related @entity341 visits. RESULTS: Overall @entity341 visits and @entity130 increased from 2004 to 2008 at study sites. Of 2,833676 successfully geocoded visits, 700,821 (24.7%) were injury-related. The proportion of higher severity @entity130 remained consistent. Nearly 10% of @entity130 resulted in admission or transfer each year. After adjusting for age, sex, payer, and @entity130 , odds of admission or transfer were lower among minority @entity1 and @entity1 from areas with moderate and high prevalence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric injury-related @entity341 visits to included sites increased over the study period while @entity130 , anticipated resource utilization, and visit outcomes remained stable, with low rates of admission or transfer. Sociodemographic differences in @entity130 and @entity341 disposition were apparent. @entity341 -based injury surveillance is essential to understand disparities, inform targets for prevention programs, and reduce the overall burden of @entity130 .

title: @entity1 - and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related visits', 'childhood injuries', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Childhood Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits over 5 years, trends in @entity130 , and associations between injury-related @entity341 visit outcome and @entity1 and community-level sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data provided to the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Core Data Project, 2004-2008. Home addresses were geocoded to determine census block group and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity and Severity Classification System scores were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and admission or transfer among injury-related @entity341 visits. RESULTS: Overall @entity341 visits and @entity130 increased from 2004 to 2008 at study sites. Of 2,833676 successfully geocoded visits, 700,821 (24.7%) were injury-related. The proportion of higher severity @entity130 remained consistent. Nearly 10% of @entity130 resulted in admission or transfer each year. After adjusting for age, sex, payer, and @entity130 , odds of admission or transfer were lower among minority @entity1 and @entity1 from areas with moderate and high prevalence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric injury-related @entity341 visits to included sites increased over the study period while @entity130 , anticipated resource utilization, and visit outcomes remained stable, with low rates of admission or transfer. Sociodemographic differences in @entity130 and @entity341 disposition were apparent. @entity341 -based injury surveillance is essential to understand disparities, inform targets for prevention programs, and reduce the overall burden of @entity130 .

title: XXXX - and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for @entity130 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ) is an autoimmune, @entity5442 where morphological changes of muscle, including ragged red fibers, have indicated @entity2383 in some muscle fibers. In this study enzyme histochemical analysis showed that cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-deficient muscle fibers were present at a frequency ranging from 0.5 to 5% of the muscle fibers in a series of 20 @entity5589 @entity1 . In age-matched controls, only occasional @entity7319 muscle fibers were present. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA extracted from muscle tissue of the @entity5589 @entity1 showed multiple mtDNA deletions. PCR analysis of isolated, single muscle fibers showed presence of mtDNA with only one type of deletion and deficiency of wild-type mtDNA in each @entity7319 muscle fiber. This finding was supported by results from in situ hybridization using different mtDNA probes on consecutive sections. A 5 kb deletion was identified in all 20 @entity5589 @entity1 . DNA sequencing of the breakpoint region showed that this deletion was the so-called "common deletion." Most but not all of the investigated deletion breakpoints were flanked by direct repeats. @entity7319 fibers were more frequent among fibers with positive immunostaining with antibodies directed toward a regeneration marker, the Leu-19 antigen, than in the entire fiber population. These results show that @entity7319 in muscle fiber segments in @entity5589 is associated with deletions of mtDNA. Clonal expansion of mtDNA with deletions may take place in regenerating muscle fibers following segmental @entity39 .

title: Mitochondrial DNA deletions in muscle fibers in inclusion body XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['COX deficiency', 'COX-deficient']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['Inclusion body myositis', 'IBM']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: Quarter samples (n = 6,328) of mammary secretions were collected from 160 @entity291 during physiologic transitions of the udder to determine the frequency of isolation of @entity1271 -causing pathogens and the incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI) during the nonlactating period. None of the @entity291 in the herd was infected with @entity5967 , and the prevalence of @entity794 was low. @entity291 were not treated with antibiotics at cessation of milking. A threefold increase in the percentage of quarters infected with major @entity1271 -causing pathogens developed from late lactation to early involution. Coliforms and streptococci other than Str agalactiae accounted for 94% of major pathogen infections. The number of quarters infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci increased slightly from late lactation to early involution, whereas the number of quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis decreased markedly. Major pathogens caused 101 of 153 IMI at parturition and greater than 90% were caused by streptococci and coliforms. At parturition, 51 of 52 minor pathogen IMI were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. During early lactation, there was a marked @entity281 with major pathogens; however, the number of quarters with major pathogen IMI during early lactation was 2.3 times higher than the number of quarters infected before cessation of milking. The number of quarters with minor pathogen IMI during early lactation was the same as at parturition, but a marked @entity281 with coagulase-negative staphylococci and a marked increase in @entity4210 IMI developed from parturition to early lactation.

title: Frequency of isolation of environmental XXXX -causing pathogens and incidence of new intramammary infection during the nonlactating period.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in quarters infected']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study late cardiac function in a single diagnostic group ( @entity1 with @entity3969 ) with good long-term survival; to compare @entity1 treated with @entity8253 ( @entity632 ) with @entity1 treated without @entity8253 and with a normal @entity1 /adolescent group; and to examine the risk factors involved in late @entity299 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Echocardiographic studies were performed on 97 @entity3969 @entity1 treated with @entity8253 (mean cumulative dose, 303 mg/m2) with a mean follow-up time of 7.1 years, on 39 @entity3969 @entity1 treated without @entity8253 with a mean follow-up time of 8.9 years, and on 50 normal subjects. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions, end systolic wall stress (a measure of afterload), and load-dependent and -independent measures of contractility were compared between groups. Potential risk factors, including age at diagnosis, follow-up duration, sex, pubertal status, cardiac irradiation, dose-intensity, and cumulative dose of @entity8253 , were studied by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of the @entity4349 -treated group showed @entity299 . All but one of these @entity1 had increased LV afterload. Risk factors for increased afterload were @entity4349 cumulative dose (P < .05) and @entity4349 dose-intensity (P < .02). @entity3969 @entity1 treated without @entity8253 had thickened LV walls compared with normal subjects (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Total dose and dose-intensity of @entity4349 were risk factors for increased LV afterload in long-term @entity3969 survivors treated on standard protocols. The increase in afterload accounted for reduced LV shortening, whereas contractility was rarely abnormal. The new finding that @entity3969 survivors who do not receive @entity8253 have mild @entity4346 may provide some protection against @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 effects.

title: Cardiac function in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that takes place in the seminiferous tubules of testis. This process initiates at puberty with differentiation of spermatogonia and their meiotic entry. The initiation of spermatogenesis depends on gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland; i.e., follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). In the absence of FSH and LH only premeiotic germ cells are present in the testis. The prepubertal development phase in juvenile testis is characterized by a protracted hypogonadotropic state, which only consists of Sertoli and undifferentiated germ cells in the seminiferous epithelium. All germ cells in the juvenile testis are undifferentiated spermatogonia, which are proliferating in a relatively gonadotropin-independent manner. It has been revealed that @entity904 deficient (VAD) animals are also infertile, and only premeiotic germ cells (undifferentiated spermatogonia) are present in their seminiferous tubules. The developmental block in VAD animal can be removed by administration of @entity904 and germ cell differentiation reinitiates in a synchronous manner. Recent studies have revealed that the biologically active form of @entity904 , @entity1968 (RA), regulates germ cell differentiation and lead to the generation of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and normal spermatogenic wave. Recent study has shown that synchronous spermatogenesis at neonatal @entity19 , but not after initiation of meiosis, can be induced by treating @entity904 sufficient males with RA. The treatment of neonatal males at different ages with exogenous RA has revealed that although RA is sufficient to induce differentiation of spermatogonial at 4 dpp and earlier, it fails to alter asynchrony and it does not irreversibly cause a spermatogonial differentiation. These observations led us to suggest that gonadotropins trigger differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatogenesis through regulation of RA signaling in the seminiferous epithelium of the adult testis.

title: Potential roles of gonadotropins to control pulsatile XXXX signaling during spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: The mechanism of anovulation in @entity3610 remains unknown. As circulating concentrations of FSH are apparently normal, and in vivo, granulosa cells from @entity3610 are hyperresponsive to FSH, it has been suggested that the lack of follicular development in @entity3610 is caused by overexpression of a paracrine growth factor that inhibits steroidogenesis. @entity4179 and the structurally homologous @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) are suitable candidates for this role, but although the production of the latter has been demonstrated in the ovary, no comparison has been performed between the levels in normal ovaries and PCO. We compared the levels of @entity7790 in follicular fluid and in granulosa cell- and theca- and stroma-conditioned media from normal ovaries and PCO. @entity7790 was present in the range of 0.2-200 ng/mL in follicular fluid. There was a significant inverse correlation of @entity7790 with follicle size, with no differences between follicles from normal ovaries and PCO. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium contained concentrations of @entity7790 ranging from 0.1-200 ng/1000 cells. There was a wide range of concentrations in theca- and stroma-conditioned media, with levels varying from 0.2-100 ng/mg tissue and no consistent effect of LH. There were no significant differences between the levels from normal ovaries or PCO in medium conditioned by any compartment of the ovary. We conclude that the failure of folliculogenesis in @entity3610 is not likely to be due to overproduction of @entity7790 by the ovary.

title: Production of @entity310 by normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome', 'PCO syndrome', 'anovulatory PCO']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovaries']


abstract: The mechanism of anovulation in @entity3610 remains unknown. As circulating concentrations of FSH are apparently normal, and in vivo, granulosa cells from @entity3610 are hyperresponsive to FSH, it has been suggested that the lack of follicular development in @entity3610 is caused by overexpression of a paracrine growth factor that inhibits steroidogenesis. @entity4179 and the structurally homologous @entity310 ( @entity7790 ) are suitable candidates for this role, but although the production of the latter has been demonstrated in the ovary, no comparison has been performed between the levels in normal ovaries and PCO. We compared the levels of @entity7790 in follicular fluid and in granulosa cell- and theca- and stroma-conditioned media from normal ovaries and PCO. @entity7790 was present in the range of 0.2-200 ng/mL in follicular fluid. There was a significant inverse correlation of @entity7790 with follicle size, with no differences between follicles from normal ovaries and PCO. Granulosa cell-conditioned medium contained concentrations of @entity7790 ranging from 0.1-200 ng/1000 cells. There was a wide range of concentrations in theca- and stroma-conditioned media, with levels varying from 0.2-100 ng/mg tissue and no consistent effect of LH. There were no significant differences between the levels from normal ovaries or PCO in medium conditioned by any compartment of the ovary. We conclude that the failure of folliculogenesis in @entity3610 is not likely to be due to overproduction of @entity7790 by the ovary.

title: Production of XXXX by normal and @entity3610 .

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: CONTEXT: In premenopausal and older @entity1 , high @entity251 and @entity53 (E2) and low @entity443 levels are associated with insulin resistance and @entity6 , conditions characterized by low-grade @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between @entity443 , total @entity251 , total E2, and inflammatory markers in older @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 @entity1 at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on @entity443 , @entity251 , E2, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 , soluble @entity650 receptor (sIL-6r), and @entity310 . Relationships between sex hormones and inflammatory markers were examined by multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, insulin, physical activity, and @entity102 . RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, @entity443 was negatively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.007), @entity650 (P = 0.008), and sIL-6r (P = 0.02). In addition, @entity251 was positively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.006), @entity650 (P = 0.001), and @entity310 (P = 0.0002). The negative relationship between @entity251 and sIL-6r in an age-adjusted model (P = 0.02) was no longer significant in a fully adjusted model (P = 0.12). E2 was positively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.002) but not with @entity650 in fully adjusted models. In a final model including E2, @entity251 , and @entity443 , and all the confounders previously considered, @entity443 (0.23    0.08; P = 0.006) and E2 (0.21    0.08; P = 0.007), but not @entity251 (P = 0.21), were still significantly associated with @entity1851 . CONCLUSION: In late postmenopausal @entity1 not on hormone replacement therapy, @entity443 and E2 are, respectively, negative and positive, independent and significant correlates of a proinflammatory state.

title: XXXX , sex hormones, and inflammatory markers in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity443 :: (6462,Gene) :: ['SHBG']


abstract: CONTEXT: In premenopausal and older @entity1 , high @entity251 and @entity53 (E2) and low @entity443 levels are associated with insulin resistance and @entity6 , conditions characterized by low-grade @entity32 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between @entity443 , total @entity251 , total E2, and inflammatory markers in older @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 @entity1 at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on @entity443 , @entity251 , E2, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 , soluble @entity650 receptor (sIL-6r), and @entity310 . Relationships between sex hormones and inflammatory markers were examined by multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, insulin, physical activity, and @entity102 . RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, @entity443 was negatively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.007), @entity650 (P = 0.008), and sIL-6r (P = 0.02). In addition, @entity251 was positively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.006), @entity650 (P = 0.001), and @entity310 (P = 0.0002). The negative relationship between @entity251 and sIL-6r in an age-adjusted model (P = 0.02) was no longer significant in a fully adjusted model (P = 0.12). E2 was positively associated with @entity1851 (P = 0.002) but not with @entity650 in fully adjusted models. In a final model including E2, @entity251 , and @entity443 , and all the confounders previously considered, @entity443 (0.23    0.08; P = 0.006) and E2 (0.21    0.08; P = 0.007), but not @entity251 (P = 0.21), were still significantly associated with @entity1851 . CONCLUSION: In late postmenopausal @entity1 not on hormone replacement therapy, @entity443 and E2 are, respectively, negative and positive, independent and significant correlates of a proinflammatory state.

title: @entity443 , sex hormones, and inflammatory markers in older XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The safety and efficacy, as measured by peak/trough blood pressure reduction, of a new, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of @entity4768 ( @entity4768 -CR, ICR) were evaluated in @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 during a nine-week trial. After a 3-week placebo washout period, @entity1 with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 100 and 114 mm Hg were randomized to either 1 of 4 ICR treatment groups or placebo. Of 402 randomized @entity1 , 384 completed the study (placebo = 77, ICR-5 mg = 76, ICR 10 mg = 76, ICR-15 mg = 78, and ICR-20 mg = 77). Peak and trough post-dose blood pressure responses and heart rates were monitored for both the sitting and upright positions. Blood chemistries, urinalyses, complete blood counts, and electrocardiograms were done during the study. Both sitting and upright blood pressure decreased with the 5-(P < .05), 10-, 15-, and 20-mg (P < .001) once-daily ICR doses. The peak blood pressure reduction for all ICR doses occurred at 8 to 10 hours post-dose. Maximum peak/trough blood pressure response, achieved with the 10-mg dose, was similar with that of 15 and 20 mg of ICR. No serious clinical or metabolic side effect were noted, except @entity4 , which was dose dependent but did not require discontinuation of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sustained blood pressure control with controlled-release XXXX ( @entity4768 -CR).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ankle edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity4768 :: (MESH:D017275,Chemical) :: ['isradipine']


abstract: The safety and efficacy, as measured by peak/trough blood pressure reduction, of a new, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of @entity4768 ( @entity4768 -CR, ICR) were evaluated in @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 during a nine-week trial. After a 3-week placebo washout period, @entity1 with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 100 and 114 mm Hg were randomized to either 1 of 4 ICR treatment groups or placebo. Of 402 randomized @entity1 , 384 completed the study (placebo = 77, ICR-5 mg = 76, ICR 10 mg = 76, ICR-15 mg = 78, and ICR-20 mg = 77). Peak and trough post-dose blood pressure responses and heart rates were monitored for both the sitting and upright positions. Blood chemistries, urinalyses, complete blood counts, and electrocardiograms were done during the study. Both sitting and upright blood pressure decreased with the 5-(P < .05), 10-, 15-, and 20-mg (P < .001) once-daily ICR doses. The peak blood pressure reduction for all ICR doses occurred at 8 to 10 hours post-dose. Maximum peak/trough blood pressure response, achieved with the 10-mg dose, was similar with that of 15 and 20 mg of ICR. No serious clinical or metabolic side effect were noted, except @entity4 , which was dose dependent but did not require discontinuation of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sustained blood pressure control with controlled-release @entity4768 ( XXXX -CR).

answer: @entity4768 :: (MESH:D017275,Chemical) :: ['isradipine']


abstract: The incidence of asthma is more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 during the childhood, and more common in premenopausal female than age-matched males. Our previous study demonstrated a gender difference in histamine-mediated neuroexcitability in nodose ganglia neurons (NGNs), highlighting a possibility of histamine-mediated gender difference in asthma via visceral afferent function. In the present study, we aimed to explore the gender difference in expression profiles of histamine receptors (HRs) in nodose ganglia (NG) and individual identified NGNs to provide deeper insights into the mechanisms involved in sexual dimorphism of asthma. Western-blot and SYBR green RT-PCR showed that @entity73217 and @entity35090 were highly expressed in NG of females compared with males and downregulated in ovariectomized females. @entity35089 was equally expressed in NG of both sexes and not altered by ovariectomy. Furthermore, this highly expressive @entity73217 and @entity35090 were distributed in both myelinated and unmyelinated NGNs isolated from adult female @entity35 by immunofluorescence and single-cell RT-PCR. @entity35090 widely distributed in all tested neuron subtypes and its expression did not show significant difference among neuron subtypes. @entity73217 was widely and highly expressed in low-threshold and sex-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-types compared with myelinated A- and unmyelinated C-type NGNs. Unexpectedly, weak expression of @entity35089 was detected in both myelinated and unmyelinated NGNs by immunofluorescence, which was further confirmed by single-cell RT-PCR. Our results suggest that the sexual dimorphism in the expression of @entity73217 and @entity35090 in vagal afferents very likely contributes, at least partially, to the gender difference in prevalence and severity of asthma.

title: Sex- and afferent-specific differences in histamine receptor expression in vagal afferents of XXXX : A potential mechanism for sexual dimorphism in prevalence and severity of asthma.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Liquemin in @entity583 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase (LIMITS) study was instituted to evaluate and characterize the effect of a prethrombolytic heparin bolus (5,000 IU) on the efficacy and safety of saruplase in @entity1 with @entity583 . BACKGROUND: Heparin has been used after thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 to prevent reocclusion of the @entity1188 . METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter trial. @entity1 were treated within 6 h of onset of symptoms with either a bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin (Liquemin) (n = 56, HSH group) or placebo (n = 62, @entity26782 group) before thrombolytic treatment with saruplase given as a 20-mg bolus followed by an infusion of 60 mg over 60 min. Thirty minutes after completion of thrombolysis, an intravenous heparin infusion was administered for 5 days. Before coronary angiography was performed at 6 to 12 h after start of lysis, an additional bolus of 5,000 IU heparin was given to all @entity1 . End points studied were patency of the @entity1188 , changes in the hemostatic system and @entity548 complications. RESULTS: In the HSH group (heparin-saruplase-heparin), 78.6% of @entity1 had an open @entity1188 -related vessel (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] flow grade 2 or 3) compared with 56.5% in the @entity26782 group (placebo-saruplase-heparin) (intention-to-treat analysis, p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to changes in @entity2002 and fibrin/ @entity2002 degradation products. A total of eight @entity548 complications (14.3%) were observed in the HSH group and five (8.1%) in the @entity26782 group; no cerebrovascular event occurred, and no @entity56 was reported. A total of 12 @entity1 died during the hospital stay, 3 in the HSH group (5.4%) and 9 in the @entity26782 group (14.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity583 , the administration of a heparin bolus before thrombolytic therapy with saruplase is associated with a significantly higher patency at angiography 6 to 12 h after the start of thrombolysis without any appreciable increase in risk of @entity548 .

title: Thrombolysis with recombinant unglycosylated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (saruplase) in @entity583 : influence of heparin on early patency rate (LIMITS study). Liquemin in XXXX During Thrombolysis With Saruplase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Liquemin in @entity583 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase (LIMITS) study was instituted to evaluate and characterize the effect of a prethrombolytic heparin bolus (5,000 IU) on the efficacy and safety of saruplase in @entity1 with @entity583 . BACKGROUND: Heparin has been used after thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 to prevent reocclusion of the @entity1188 . METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, multicenter trial. @entity1 were treated within 6 h of onset of symptoms with either a bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin (Liquemin) (n = 56, HSH group) or placebo (n = 62, @entity26782 group) before thrombolytic treatment with saruplase given as a 20-mg bolus followed by an infusion of 60 mg over 60 min. Thirty minutes after completion of thrombolysis, an intravenous heparin infusion was administered for 5 days. Before coronary angiography was performed at 6 to 12 h after start of lysis, an additional bolus of 5,000 IU heparin was given to all @entity1 . End points studied were patency of the @entity1188 , changes in the hemostatic system and @entity548 complications. RESULTS: In the HSH group (heparin-saruplase-heparin), 78.6% of @entity1 had an open @entity1188 -related vessel (Thrombolysis in @entity583 [TIMI] flow grade 2 or 3) compared with 56.5% in the @entity26782 group (placebo-saruplase-heparin) (intention-to-treat analysis, p = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to changes in @entity2002 and fibrin/ @entity2002 degradation products. A total of eight @entity548 complications (14.3%) were observed in the HSH group and five (8.1%) in the @entity26782 group; no cerebrovascular event occurred, and no @entity56 was reported. A total of 12 @entity1 died during the hospital stay, 3 in the HSH group (5.4%) and 9 in the @entity26782 group (14.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity583 , the administration of a heparin bolus before thrombolytic therapy with saruplase is associated with a significantly higher patency at angiography 6 to 12 h after the start of thrombolysis without any appreciable increase in risk of @entity548 .

title: Thrombolysis with recombinant unglycosylated single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (saruplase) in XXXX : influence of heparin on early patency rate (LIMITS study). Liquemin in @entity583 During Thrombolysis With Saruplase.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Autonomic and @entity299 have been reported in @entity1 with @entity82 . We studied left ventricular and autonomic function in 20 @entity1 with both alcoholic and non-alcoholic @entity82 . METHODS: Autonomic function was assessed by a standard battery of cardiovascular reflex tests. Supine exercise radionuclide ventriculography was used to assess the cardiac response to exercise. RESULTS: Exercise capacity was reduced in all @entity1 in association with marked chronotropic @entity337 (peak heart rates 120.5 +/- 6 bpm). Unlike normal subjects there was no increase in left ventricular ejection fraction on exercise. @entity64 volume increased by 23 +/- 6%, mediated by an increase in end-diastolic.volume of > 20%. Cardiac output was subnormal at maximal exercise, increasing by only 96 +/- 14% and 97 +/- 11% in alcoholic and non-alcoholic groups respectively. The majority (83%) of our @entity1 had @entity4148 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity82 of @entity167 and non- @entity167 related aetiologies have significantly impaired cardiovascular responses to exercise, which are similar to those of a denervated heart. This may have important clinical implications for the ability of these @entity1 to withstand cardiovascular stress.

title: Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in alcoholic and non-alcoholic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic reflex abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1282 is one of the most critical problems in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity1282 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and 84 @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity746 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity1555 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity746 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity1555 and 1.21 for @entity746 . The SRM was higher in @entity1555 @entity1 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity746 @entity1 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity746 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive XXXX : the @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'Neuromuscular Disease']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1282 is one of the most critical problems in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity1282 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and 84 @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity746 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity1555 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity746 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity1555 and 1.21 for @entity746 . The SRM was higher in @entity1555 @entity1 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity746 @entity1 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity746 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 : the XXXX Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['Neuromuscular Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1282 is one of the most critical problems in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity1282 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and 84 @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity746 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity1555 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity746 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity1555 and 1.21 for @entity746 . The SRM was higher in @entity1555 @entity1 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity746 @entity1 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity746 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 .

title: Development of a new scale for XXXX in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 : the @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1282 is one of the most critical problems in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity1282 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and 84 @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity746 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity1555 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity746 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity1555 and 1.21 for @entity746 . The SRM was higher in @entity1555 @entity1 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity746 @entity1 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity746 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity1282 in XXXX with progressive @entity4094 : the @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity50 may result in disabling head and @entity158 and serious complications. Awareness of the symptoms of acute and chronic @entity1244 and their various presentations will enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve @entity1 outcome. It is important to remember that the nasal mucosa is under autonomic control. Sinus symptomatology, whether from @entity854 or @entity32 , may occur with and will typically be exacerbated by increased parasympathetic outflow or reduced sympathetic tone. Thus, the possibility of underlying intranasal or sinus disease must be considered in @entity1 with atypical @entity2704 headaches. A new appreciation of the impact of @entity1244 on facial and @entity10 syndromes is developing among otolaryngologists because of the improved diagnostic capabilities afforded by combined intranasal endoscopy and modified CT. In the past, @entity1 with nasal complaints and @entity158 who had normal plain radiographs were often passed off as "chronic nasal complainers" and given decongestants or the recommendation to see a psychiatrist. On the other hand, @entity1 with symptoms and @entity854 often underwent radical surgery aimed at the maxillary or frontal sinus, sometimes with persistence or worsening of their complaints. Now, however, underlying causes for these problems can often be found in the ostiomeatal complex and corrected with minimally invasive surgery. In general, the major sinuses appear to be more sensitive to @entity158 before the development of chronic mucosal changes. @entity66 in critical locations within the ostiomeatal complex may therefore give rise to greater symptomatology than @entity66 in less critical sites. Although head CT may be a routine part of the neurologist's examination in @entity1 with @entity10 or @entity158 , routine CT techniques are inadequate to evaluate fully the ostiomeatal complex and sinuses and must be modified to rule out adequately @entity158 of sinus origin. Nasal endoscopic examination provides a noninvasive examination by which @entity1 may be selected for sinus CT and is a necessary part of a complete evaluation. Close cooperation between the neurologist and otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon is therefore essential for the accurate diagnosis of this often puzzling group of @entity1 .

title: Nasal and XXXX : current diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse disease', 'Minor disease']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine or vascular instability']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic abnormality', 'radiologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['head pain', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Intranasal and sinus disease']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['sinus pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between @entity4020 ( @entity4020 ) and dysregulation of B cell activation factor ( @entity8410 ) and specific B cell phenotypes in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Four-color flow cytometry was used to examine the peripheral B cell populations in @entity1 with @entity1252 . RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 87 @entity1 and @entity8410 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and normalized to @entity7501 . The expression levels of 5 IFN-responsive genes ( @entity73218 , @entity22167 , @entity9509 , @entity29459 , and @entity13434 ) were determined by quantitative PCR and totaled to generate a global IFN score. The correlations were examined between peripheral B cell populations (including transitional, pregerminal, plasmablasts, and memory) and the expression of @entity8410 and the global IFN score. RESULTS: Examination of the peripheral B cell populations in @entity1252 demonstrated a relative expansion of the transitional B cell and plasmablast compartment and a reduction in the memory B cell population. Expressions of @entity8410 and global IFN score were elevated in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared to healthy controls. A strong positive correlation was noted between @entity8410 expression and the relative proportion of late transitional (T2) B cells. The proportions of more mature B cell phenotypes did not correlate with @entity8410 expression. The global IFN score was strongly associated with the level of @entity8410 expression and moderately correlated with the proportion of late transitional B cells. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that elevated @entity8410 expression supports expansion of the T2 B cell compartment and contributes to a breach in tolerance in @entity1 with @entity1252 .

title: Increased expression of B cell activation factor supports the abnormal expansion of transitional B cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: This study was designed to examine the fibrogenic potentials of four @entity7864 that are being used as substitutes for @entity3440 sand in abrasive blasting. Six groups of 100 male @entity35 , including four coal slag groups, a vehicle control, and a positive control for @entity82 (Minusil quartz), were used. Each dust treatment group was given a single 40-mg dose of test agent via intratracheal instillation. Interim sacrifices of 15 animals per group were performed at 2 d, 3 mo, and 6 mo posttreatment, with the terminal sacrifice conducted at 12 mo. @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained histologic sections were prepared from designated @entity406 -fixed tissues collected at each necropsy and examined microscopically. Pulmonary @entity6619 analyses were performed for each group at the 2-d and 12-mo sacrifices. Pulmonary function analyses were conducted for each group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo sacrifices. Lung @entity720 analyses were conducted for 15 animals in each group at the terminal sacrifice. The pulmonary fibrogenic potentials of the four coal slag groups were compared histologically with the Minusil and vehicle controls. A mild to moderate @entity82 , which was progressive with time, was noted in each of the coal slag groups. However, the coal slag-induced lung @entity82 was much less than that produced by Minusil. Differences in @entity82 among the individual @entity7864 were relatively minor and certainly not as striking as those between the slags and Minusil. Other data derived from this study, such as lung @entity720 content, pulmonary particulate burdens, pulmonary function, and animal body weights, provided further evidence of a reduced @entity137 for the @entity7864 compared to Minusil.

title: Fibrogenic potentials of XXXX used as abrasive blasting substitutes.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['coal slags']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity7864 :: (MESH:D055008,Disease) :: ['coal slags']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Daikenchuto (DKT) has widely been used to improve abdominal symptoms by being expected to accelerate bowel motility. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of DKT for prevention of @entity2616 and associated @entity344 after total gastrectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred and forty-five @entity356 @entity1 who underwent total gastrectomy were enrolled. @entity1 received either DKT (15.0 g/d) or matching placebo from postoperative days 1 to 12. Primary end points were time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement (BM), and frequency of BM. Secondary end points included quality of life, @entity1851 level, symptoms indicative of a severe @entity344 , and incidence of @entity86 . RESULTS: A total of 195 @entity1 (DKT, n  = 96; placebo, n  = 99) were included in the per-protocol set analysis. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of @entity1 background characteristics. Median time to first BM was shorter in the DKT group than in the placebo group (94.7 hours vs 113.9 hours; p  = 0.051). In @entity1 with high medication adherence, median time to first BM was significantly shorter in the DKT group than in the placebo group (93.8 hours vs 115.1 hours; p  = 0.014). Significantly fewer @entity1 in the DKT group had >= 2 symptoms of @entity344 than those in the placebo group on postoperative day 12 (p  = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of DKT during the immediate postoperative period after total gastrectomy appears to promote early recovery of postoperative bowel function.

title: Effect of Daikenchuto, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, after Total Gastrectomy for XXXX : A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal dysfunction', 'gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest instillation of @entity1456 (tPA) is safe and potentially efficacious in the treatment of @entity6177 . To date, prospective comparative data are lacking in @entity1 . Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial comparing abscess irrigation with tPA and irrigation with saline alone. STUDY DESIGN: After IRB approval, @entity1 with an abscess secondary to @entity698 who had a percutaneous drain placed for treatment were randomized to twice-daily instillation of 13 mL 10% tPA or 13 mL normal saline. All @entity1 were treated with once-daily dosing of @entity2756 and @entity868 throughout their course. The primary end point variable was duration of hospitalization after drain placement. Using a power of 0.8 and an a of 0.05, a sample size of 62 @entity1 was calculated. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 were enrolled between January 2009 and February 2013. There were no differences in demographics, abscess size, abscess number, admission WBC, or duration of symptoms. Duration of hospitalization after drainage was considerably longer with the use of tPA. There was no difference in total duration of hospitalization, days of drainage, or days of antibiotics. However, medication charges were higher with tPA. CONCLUSIONS: There are no advantages to routine tPA flushes in the treatment of @entity6177 secondary to @entity698 in @entity1 .

title: Saline vs @entity1456 Irrigations after Drain Placement for XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess', 'abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['Appendicitis-Associated Abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest instillation of @entity1456 (tPA) is safe and potentially efficacious in the treatment of @entity6177 . To date, prospective comparative data are lacking in @entity1 . Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial comparing abscess irrigation with tPA and irrigation with saline alone. STUDY DESIGN: After IRB approval, @entity1 with an abscess secondary to @entity698 who had a percutaneous drain placed for treatment were randomized to twice-daily instillation of 13 mL 10% tPA or 13 mL normal saline. All @entity1 were treated with once-daily dosing of @entity2756 and @entity868 throughout their course. The primary end point variable was duration of hospitalization after drain placement. Using a power of 0.8 and an a of 0.05, a sample size of 62 @entity1 was calculated. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 were enrolled between January 2009 and February 2013. There were no differences in demographics, abscess size, abscess number, admission WBC, or duration of symptoms. Duration of hospitalization after drainage was considerably longer with the use of tPA. There was no difference in total duration of hospitalization, days of drainage, or days of antibiotics. However, medication charges were higher with tPA. CONCLUSIONS: There are no advantages to routine tPA flushes in the treatment of @entity6177 secondary to @entity698 in @entity1 .

title: Saline vs XXXX Irrigations after Drain Placement for @entity698 : A Prospective Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']


abstract: To determine whether the @entity101 and preservation of renal function that we demonstrated after 10 days of chronic partial @entity1494 in the third trimester fetal lamb also occur after earlier longer obstruction, we modified our preparation and studied the effects of 35 days of obstruction begun during the second trimester. Partial @entity1494 was created in 10 fetal @entity742 at 90 days of gestation (term equals 147 days). At repeat surgical intervention 28 days later vascular catheters and a left renal artery flow transducer were placed, and catheters were externalized. We then studied renal blood flow and function at gestational ages 120 days and 125 days after 30 days and 35 days of obstruction, respectively. Tissue was obtained for histology at the time of sacrifice. Eight control fetal @entity742 without obstruction were studied in a similar way. @entity1621 was noted in all fetal @entity742 after @entity1494 of the control animals had a normal appearance. Renal blood flow was higher in the obstructed fetal @entity742 than in controls (20.2 +/- 4.9 versus 10.2 +/- 0.9 ml. per minute per kg., p < 0.05 after 30 days and 17.1 +/- 2.7 versus 9.7 +/- 0.9 per minute per kg., p < 0.05 after 35 days). There was no evidence of decreased renal function by any parameter and, in fact, glomerular filtration rate and urine volume were increased after 30 days of obstruction (1.59 +/- 0.32 versus 0.69 +/- 0.07 ml. per minute per kg., p < 0.05 and 15.7 +/- 4.3 versus 5.2 +/- 0.8 ml. per hour per kg., p < 0.05, respectively). Histological studies demonstrated normal architecture of the kidneys but thinned cortex. We conclude that the physiological responses of the fetus are such that partial lower urinary tract obstruction in our preparation results in a prolonged @entity101 and preservation of renal function.

title: Renal preservation despite 35 days of partial XXXX in the fetal lamb.

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder obstruction', 'partial obstruction, whereas the kidneys and bladders']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder obstruction']


abstract: In a 7-year period 28 @entity1 1 to 20 years old have undergone bladder neck closure in conjunction with Mitrofanoff diversion for the management of severe @entity322 . Surgery was performed as a salvage procedure in 19 @entity1 and as a primary anti- @entity322 procedure in 9. At a mean followup of 29 months 27 of 28 @entity1 (96%) were totally continent, requiring no pads. Bladder neck closure was primarily successful in 24 of 28 @entity1 (86%) and 25 (89%) had stable upper tracts. Five @entity1 had @entity3226 and 5 required stomal revisions. One @entity1 had a @entity1494 associated with @entity130 . Bladder neck closure and Mitrofanoff diversion were done without bladder augmentation in 11 cases and augmentation was performed previously or concurrently in the remainder. Four @entity1 who did not initially undergo augmentation required later augmentation (2 for @entity3041 and 2 for persistent @entity322 ). We conclude that bladder neck closure in conjunction with Mitrofanoff diversion is highly efficacious in achieving continence in a highly complex subgroup of @entity1 with intractable urinary leakage. With careful @entity1 selection and diligent followup total continence can be achieved in this most difficult @entity1 population.

title: Concomitant bladder neck closure and Mitrofanoff diversion for the management of intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the burden of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) on Canadian families. DESIGN: Telephone survey using random-digit dialing. SETTING: All Canadian provinces between May and June 2008. @entity1 : Caregivers of 1 or more @entity1 aged 6 months to 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Caregivers' reports on the number of @entity697 episodes experienced by the @entity1 in the past 12 months, as well as disease characteristics, health services and medication use, time spent on medical consultations (including travel), and time taken off from work to care for the sick @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 502 eligible caregivers were recruited, 161 (32%) of whom reported at least 1 @entity697 episode for their @entity1 and 42 (8%) of whom reported 3 or more episodes during the past 12 months. Most @entity1 (94%, 151 of 161) visited with health professionals during their most recent @entity697 episodes. The average time required for medical examination was 3.1 hours in an emergency department and 1.8 hours in an outpatient clinic. Overall, 93% of episodes resulted in antibiotics use. A substantial proportion of caregivers (38%) missed work during this time; the average time taken off work was 15.9 hours. CONCLUSION: In Canada, episodes of @entity697 are still associated with substantial use of health services and indirect costs to the caregivers.

title: Burden of XXXX on Canadian families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish a noninvasive tracking of the pathogenic parasite @entity2330 (Eh) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a single-cell level in vitro and in vivo in a @entity19 model for @entity9111 ( @entity9111 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local institutional review committee on animal care approved all animal experiments. @entity2330 trophozoites were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (SPIO-Eh). The uptake of SPIO by Eh was optimized using flow cytometry and visualized by bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of SPIO-Eh was assessed in vitro by determination of growth and ingestion rate of red blood cells. Migration of SPIO-Eh was proven by in vitro MRI in a preclinical 7 T MRI system using continually repeated MRI scans. In vivo distribution of SPIO-Eh within the @entity19 liver was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by serial respiration-triggered T2*-weighted MRI, T2-weighted MRI, and R2* MR relaxometry up to 5 days after injection and correlated with immunohistology of the liver sections after removal. RESULTS: @entity2330 can be efficiently labeled with SPIO without influence on parasite growth rate or phagocytic capacity. In vitro dynamic MRI allowed real-time migration monitoring and determination of velocity of single SPIO-Eh. In vivo SPIO-Eh showed signal decrease in T2*-weighted and increase of R2* in @entity9111 formations. Motility of SPIO-Eh was necessary to induce @entity9111 formations. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of an efficient magnetic labeling and a noninvasive in vitro and in vivo MR tracking of the pathogenic protozoan Eh in a @entity19 model for @entity9111 , thus representing in future a noninvasive imaging tool to study parasite, as well as on host-specific pathomechanisms.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of pathogenic protozoan parasite XXXX labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['ALA', 'amebic liver abscess']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: When @entity715 occurs after liver transplantation, another transplantation is required to ensure the @entity1 's survival. Because of the importance of establishing this diagnosis, we reviewed the results of duplex sonography in 37 angiographically or surgically proved cases of @entity715 after liver transplantation. There were 20 @entity1 and 17 adults. Ten of the 20 @entity1 had angiographically documented hepatopetal arterial collaterals. Such collaterals were not seen in the adult @entity1 . This subset of @entity1 was evaluated separately to determine if intrahepatic arterial blood flow reestablished by collaterals after @entity715 was a cause of false-negative Doppler studies. Thirty-four (92%) of the 37 cases of @entity715 were correctly identified by Doppler. A Doppler pulse was not identified in any of the @entity1 with arterial collaterals. We conclude that duplex sonography is sensitive in detecting @entity715 after liver transplantation. Furthermore, the presence of blood @entity450 does not cause false-negative examinations.

title: XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow in hepatopetal arterial collaterals']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Duplex sonography of hepatic artery thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish the effects of hospital- and home-based proprioceptive and strengthening exercise programs on proprioception, @entity158 , and functional status in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with bilateral knee @entity571 were randomly allocated into either a home-based or hospital-based exercise program. Hospital-based exercise group (n=30, mean age 50.23  9.07 years) received functional training program with proprioceptive ability, ice, and home exercises. Home-based exercise group (n=30, mean age 54.4  7.9 years) had a program of ice and home exercises. Treatment programs was conducted 5 days per week for 6 weeks (30 sessions). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC), Monitorized Functional Squat System-Proprioceptive Test (MFSS), timed performance test (TUG), and visual analogue scale (VAS) for the intensity of @entity158 were used to quantify the variables. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement when pre- and post-treatment results were compared for @entity158 intensity, WOMAC, and TUG test scores (p<0.05). No statistically significant improvement was found in proprioception of the home-based group (p>0.05). Hospital-based group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in MFSS, TUG test, and VAS in activity when compared with the home-based group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both hospital- and home-based exercise programs @entity1109 and improved function in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Hospital-based versus home-based proprioceptive and strengthening exercise programs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decreased joint symptoms']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity3003 was evaluated in a phase II study involving 109 @entity1 with @entity5464 . A total of 21 cases of advanced @entity5 , 38 of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary tract and 25 of @entity263 were evaluable for response. The response rate in @entity5 was 48%, with 70% in @entity4797 and 27% in nonseminomas. Three responses were observed in @entity1 previously treated with @entity900 . In @entity1606 , the response rate was 18%. No response was observed in @entity263 . @entity3003 was well tolerated with no significant @entity8 and @entity2167 detected. @entity390 and @entity391 were experienced by 50% of @entity1 but the severity was low. Severe myelosuppression, @entity882 and @entity1431 were observed. In conclusion, @entity3003 has demonstrated activity in both @entity5 and @entity1606 of the urinary tract and is worthy of further study, especially in combination with other active drugs.

title: [Phase II study of @entity3003 in XXXX . Urological Cooperative Study Group on @entity3003 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumor', 'testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

answer: @entity5464 :: (MESH:D014565,Disease) :: ['genitourinary cancer']