abstract: The hypothesis that reflux of upper intestinal content, particularly of @entity3645 (BA), is responsible for a unique postgastrectomy syndrome, @entity3621 , was tested on 28 occasions in 21 postoperative @entity1 (14 symptomatic @entity1 , 7 controls). Parameters evaluated: recumbent (rec.), upright, p.c. intragastric pH, {BA}, net BA reflux per hour, specific BA fractions, fasting and p.c. @entity8243 , maximal acid output (MAO), gastric emptying of solids by delta-scintigraphy), and the severity of nonstomal histologic @entity3621 , the " @entity3621 score," graded 0-15 by an independent senior pathologist. For the entire group, @entity3621 severity correlated positively with intragastric {BA} and net BA reflux per hour, both in recumbency and p.c. Five symptomatic @entity1 demonstrated rec. and p.c. {BA} and net BA reflux per hour greater than two standard deviations from comparable mean values in control @entity1 . They differed significantly from the remaining symptomatic @entity1 as follows: increased intragastric {BA} and net BA reflux per hour, increased intragastric pH and decreased MAO. They also demonstrated a more severe grade of @entity3621 . @entity6744 was present in their reflux content significantly more often. Bilious vomiting was also more frequent. No other differences could be identified, either objectively or clinically, between the symptomatic groups. Four @entity1 with excessive reflux underwent Roux-en-Y revision and restudy 6-22 months later. BA reflux was completely abolished, histologic @entity3621 improved, hematocrit rose, MAO increased, and gastric emptying slowed. Burning @entity158 , and symptoms of esophageal reflux were eliminated. Vomiting and @entity390 were improved. @entity294 was unchanged. The objective criteria outlined can identify symptomatic postgastrectomy @entity1 with a greater than normal reflux and @entity3621 . Clinical criteria alone cannot. Revisional surgery in these @entity1 eliminates reflux, improves @entity3621 , and produces symptomatic improvement. The hypothesis under consideration is strengthened but not proven.

title: XXXX . An objective assessment of its diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['alkaline reflux gastritis', 'gastritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, bilious vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6744 :: ('MESH:D008095', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['Alkaline reflux gastritis']


abstract: Mixed @entity1204 refers to a @entity5 that comprises 2 or more distinct histotypes. We studied 18 mixed-type @entity1204 -11 mixed serous and low-grade @entity4348 (SC/EC), 5 mixed clear cell and low-grade ECs (CCC/EC), and 2 mixed CCC and SCs (CCC/SC), using targeted next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry to compare the molecular profiles of the different histotypes present in each case. In 16 of 18 cases there was molecular evidence that both components shared a clonal origin. Eight cases (6 EC/SC, 1 EC/CCC, and 1 SC/CCC) showed an SC molecular profile that was the same in both components. Five cases (3 CCC/EC and 2 SC/EC) showed a shared endometrioid molecular profile and identical mismatch-repair @entity1131 in both components. A single SC/EC case harbored the same POLE exonuclease domain mutation in both components. One SC/CCC and 1 EC/CCC case showed both shared and unique molecular features in the 2 histotype components, suggesting early molecular divergence from a common clonal origin. In 2 cases, there were no shared molecular features, and these appear to be biologically unrelated @entity5 . Overall, these results show that the different histologic components in mixed @entity1204 typically share the same molecular aberrations. Mixed @entity1204 most commonly occur through morphologic mimicry, whereby @entity5 with serous-type molecular profile show morphologic features of EC or CCC, or through underlying deficiency in DNA nucleotide repair, with resulting rapid accrual of mutations and intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity. Less commonly, mixed @entity1204 are the result of early molecular divergence from a common progenitor clone or are synchronous biologically unrelated @entity5 ( @entity5 ).

title: Molecular Analysis of Mixed XXXX Shows Clonality in Most Cases.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'tumor', 'collision tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of functional appliances for the correction of retrognathic mandible is very common in orthodontics. Similar appliances known as oral appliances are also frequently used in adults for the treatment of mild to moderate @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Many studies have reported improvement of pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) dimensions following functional appliance therapy in @entity1 and oral appliance therapy in adults. There is only one study in the literature that discussed the effect of oral appliance therapy on @entity7551 ( @entity7551 ) among subjects with @entity27 . The effect of functional appliance therapy on @entity7551 has never been investigated. Thus the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of twin-block appliance on pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) dimensions and @entity7551 ( @entity7551 ) in class II @entity3232 subjects with retrognathic mandibles. METHODS: Thirty-eight class II @entity3232 subjects in the age range of 8 to 14 years with mandibular retrusion were divided into a treatment (n   =   20) and control (n   =   18) group. Mandibular retrusion in the treatment group subjects was corrected by twin-block appliance. The effect of twin-block appliance on PAP and @entity7551 dimensions were evaluated from lateral cephalograms recorded prior-to and after 6 months of appliance therapy in the treatment group subjects and the changes were compared with the changes in the control group subjects. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis; P-value of 0.05 was considered a statistically significant level. RESULTS: The depth of the oropharynx was increased significantly in the treatment group subjects (P   <   0.001) as compared to the control group subjects (P   <   0.05). The depth of the hypopharynx increased significantly in treatment group subjects (P   <   0.01). The @entity7551 at the level of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were maintained in the treatment group subjects; whereas in control group subjects, the @entity7551 was further reduced although the changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Correction of mandibular retrusion by twin-block appliance in class II @entity3232 subjects increased the PAP dimensions and maintained the pre-treatment thickness of posterior pharyngeal wall.

title: Effects of twin-block appliance on the anatomy of pharyngeal airway passage (PAP) in class II XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['PPWT', 'posterior pharyngeal wall thickness']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

answer: @entity3232 :: (MESH:D008310,Disease) :: ['malocclusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern about @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) has governed recent thinking about the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity1653 involving the anterior optic pathways. Despite this concern, during the last few years, the use of radiosurgery for such lesions has increased steadily. OBJECTIVE: To define both the @entity5 control rate and the risk of @entity1781 over a long-term follow-up period in a large cohort of @entity1 treated with multisession radiosurgery. METHODS: The local control and visual outcome of 143 @entity1 who underwent multisession radiosurgery ( @entity25968 ) were evaluated. Neurological outcome was also analyzed. The data for the present study were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 44 months (range, 12-113 months). All @entity1 underwent @entity25968 . The median prescription dose was 25 Gy delivered in 3 to 5 fractions. The prescription isodose, which typically encompassed at least 95% of the @entity5 , ranged from 65% to 86% (median, 80%). The mean @entity5 volume was 11.0 cm (range, 0.1-126.3 cm; median, 8 cm). The progression-free survival at 3, 5, and 8 years was 100%, 93%, and 90%, respectively. Compared with baseline, visual function improved in 36% of @entity1 , whereas 7.4% experienced a @entity227 (5.1% excluding the @entity1 with @entity74 ). CONCLUSION: Good local control rate and a low risk of @entity1781 indicate that @entity25968 is a safe and effective treatment option in cases of large @entity1653 . ABBREVIATIONS: AOP, anterior optic pathwayAVP, anterior visual pathwaymRS, multisession radiosurgeryPD, progressive diseaseRION, radiation-induced optic neuropathysRS, stereotactic radiosurgery.

title: Multisession Radiosurgery for Sellar and Parasellar XXXX : Long-term @entity5 Growth Control and Visual Outcome.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['worsening in visual function']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['RION', 'radiation-induced optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Benign Meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern about @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) has governed recent thinking about the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of @entity1653 involving the anterior optic pathways. Despite this concern, during the last few years, the use of radiosurgery for such lesions has increased steadily. OBJECTIVE: To define both the @entity5 control rate and the risk of @entity1781 over a long-term follow-up period in a large cohort of @entity1 treated with multisession radiosurgery. METHODS: The local control and visual outcome of 143 @entity1 who underwent multisession radiosurgery ( @entity25968 ) were evaluated. Neurological outcome was also analyzed. The data for the present study were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 44 months (range, 12-113 months). All @entity1 underwent @entity25968 . The median prescription dose was 25 Gy delivered in 3 to 5 fractions. The prescription isodose, which typically encompassed at least 95% of the @entity5 , ranged from 65% to 86% (median, 80%). The mean @entity5 volume was 11.0 cm (range, 0.1-126.3 cm; median, 8 cm). The progression-free survival at 3, 5, and 8 years was 100%, 93%, and 90%, respectively. Compared with baseline, visual function improved in 36% of @entity1 , whereas 7.4% experienced a @entity227 (5.1% excluding the @entity1 with @entity74 ). CONCLUSION: Good local control rate and a low risk of @entity1781 indicate that @entity25968 is a safe and effective treatment option in cases of large @entity1653 . ABBREVIATIONS: AOP, anterior optic pathwayAVP, anterior visual pathwaymRS, multisession radiosurgeryPD, progressive diseaseRION, radiation-induced optic neuropathysRS, stereotactic radiosurgery.

title: Multisession Radiosurgery for Sellar and Parasellar @entity1653 : Long-term XXXX Growth Control and Visual Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: Radioactive @entity1496 125 is a low-energy gamma isotope with physical characteristics suitable for irradiation of @entity5 . Metal ophthalmic applicators have been designed to shield vital ocular structures while allowing irradiation of the @entity5 . We compared the radiation effects of @entity1496 125 and @entity1953 60. The Greene @entity320 was transplanted into the suprachoroidal space of @entity95 . The @entity5 then grew as an intraocular mass, was irradiated, and was followed up for two months before enucleation. Histopathologic examination defined the extent of the radiation damage to the @entity5 and other ocular structures from the @entity1496 125 and from the @entity1953 60. The eye irradiated with @entity1496 125 suffered minimal radiation damage, whereas the @entity5 was sterilized. The eye irradiated with @entity1953 60 showed substantial radiation damage, and the @entity320 was incompletely treated. Our results support the use of @entity1496 125 in treating @entity5 . More research is needed as to optimum total dose and dose rate.

title: Irradiation of @entity320 with XXXX 125 ophthalmic plaque.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraocular tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Radioactive @entity1496 125 is a low-energy gamma isotope with physical characteristics suitable for irradiation of @entity5 . Metal ophthalmic applicators have been designed to shield vital ocular structures while allowing irradiation of the @entity5 . We compared the radiation effects of @entity1496 125 and @entity1953 60. The Greene @entity320 was transplanted into the suprachoroidal space of @entity95 . The @entity5 then grew as an intraocular mass, was irradiated, and was followed up for two months before enucleation. Histopathologic examination defined the extent of the radiation damage to the @entity5 and other ocular structures from the @entity1496 125 and from the @entity1953 60. The eye irradiated with @entity1496 125 suffered minimal radiation damage, whereas the @entity5 was sterilized. The eye irradiated with @entity1953 60 showed substantial radiation damage, and the @entity320 was incompletely treated. Our results support the use of @entity1496 125 in treating @entity5 . More research is needed as to optimum total dose and dose rate.

title: Irradiation of XXXX with @entity1496 125 ophthalmic plaque.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A timely initiation of treatment is crucial to better control @entity378 ( @entity378 ). The aim of this study is to describe treatment delay among migrant @entity1 with @entity378 and to identify factors associated with treatment delay, so as to provide evidence for strategy development and improvement of @entity378 control among migrants in China. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province of China. A total of 314 confirmed smear positive migrant @entity1 with @entity1907 were included. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of variables with treatment delay among migrant @entity1 with @entity378 . A multilogistic regression model was developed to further assess the effect of variables on treatment delay. RESULTS: Of 314 migrant @entity1 with @entity378 , 65.6% experienced treatment delay (>1   day). Household income level, diagnosis symptom severity, understanding of whether @entity378 is curable or not and knowledge about the free @entity378 treatment policy are factors significantly associated with treatment delay. CONCLUSIONS: Economic status and knowledge about @entity378 are key barriers to accessing @entity378 treatment. An integrated policy of carrying out @entity378 -related health education and publicising the free @entity378 treatment policy among migrants is needed. Health insurance schemes for migrants should be modified to make them transferrable and pro-poor.

title: XXXX among migrants in Shandong, China: factors associated with treatment delay.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity989 ( @entity989 )-related @entity227 in New Zealand @entity1 . METHODS: 22-year retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity227 registered with the Blind and @entity4064 Education Network New Zealand. The cohort was divided into two periods (1991-2004; 2005-2012) for analysis. RESULTS: 232 @entity1 with @entity989 were treated in the study period (109 in period 1, 123 in @entity5394 ). 36 @entity1 , 63.9% of whom were of male sex, were identified with subsequent significant @entity227 (27 in period 1, 9 in @entity5394 ). The incidence of new cases of @entity227 from @entity989 declined from 271.6 @entity1 /100   000 live very preterm births per annum (period 1) to 146.1 per annum ( @entity5394 ). Mean gestational age and mean birth weight were comparable between the two study periods. 75% of @entity1 with @entity227 from @entity989 received treatment for their condition (period 1, 74.1%; @entity5394 , 77.8%) and modalities used changed significantly over time. The modal visual outcome overall was Snellen visual acuity <6/18-6/60 (55.6%) (period 1, 51.9%; @entity5394 , 66.7%). The proportion of @entity1 with no light perception bilaterally decreased over time (period 1, 3.7%; @entity5394 , 0%). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a reduction in the incidence of @entity1 with significant @entity227 from @entity989 over time in New Zealand, likely due to progress in clinical management of @entity989 . Our study suggests the current @entity989 screening criteria of <31   weeks' gestation or <1250   g are of sufficient breadth.

title: XXXX due to @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in New Zealand: a 22-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['Low Vision']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual impairment']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity989 ( @entity989 )-related @entity227 in New Zealand @entity1 . METHODS: 22-year retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity227 registered with the Blind and @entity4064 Education Network New Zealand. The cohort was divided into two periods (1991-2004; 2005-2012) for analysis. RESULTS: 232 @entity1 with @entity989 were treated in the study period (109 in period 1, 123 in @entity5394 ). 36 @entity1 , 63.9% of whom were of male sex, were identified with subsequent significant @entity227 (27 in period 1, 9 in @entity5394 ). The incidence of new cases of @entity227 from @entity989 declined from 271.6 @entity1 /100   000 live very preterm births per annum (period 1) to 146.1 per annum ( @entity5394 ). Mean gestational age and mean birth weight were comparable between the two study periods. 75% of @entity1 with @entity227 from @entity989 received treatment for their condition (period 1, 74.1%; @entity5394 , 77.8%) and modalities used changed significantly over time. The modal visual outcome overall was Snellen visual acuity <6/18-6/60 (55.6%) (period 1, 51.9%; @entity5394 , 66.7%). The proportion of @entity1 with no light perception bilaterally decreased over time (period 1, 3.7%; @entity5394 , 0%). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a reduction in the incidence of @entity1 with significant @entity227 from @entity989 over time in New Zealand, likely due to progress in clinical management of @entity989 . Our study suggests the current @entity989 screening criteria of <31   weeks' gestation or <1250   g are of sufficient breadth.

title: @entity227 due to XXXX ( @entity989 ) in New Zealand: a 22-year review.

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity989 ( @entity989 )-related @entity227 in New Zealand @entity1 . METHODS: 22-year retrospective review of medical records of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity227 registered with the Blind and @entity4064 Education Network New Zealand. The cohort was divided into two periods (1991-2004; 2005-2012) for analysis. RESULTS: 232 @entity1 with @entity989 were treated in the study period (109 in period 1, 123 in @entity5394 ). 36 @entity1 , 63.9% of whom were of male sex, were identified with subsequent significant @entity227 (27 in period 1, 9 in @entity5394 ). The incidence of new cases of @entity227 from @entity989 declined from 271.6 @entity1 /100   000 live very preterm births per annum (period 1) to 146.1 per annum ( @entity5394 ). Mean gestational age and mean birth weight were comparable between the two study periods. 75% of @entity1 with @entity227 from @entity989 received treatment for their condition (period 1, 74.1%; @entity5394 , 77.8%) and modalities used changed significantly over time. The modal visual outcome overall was Snellen visual acuity <6/18-6/60 (55.6%) (period 1, 51.9%; @entity5394 , 66.7%). The proportion of @entity1 with no light perception bilaterally decreased over time (period 1, 3.7%; @entity5394 , 0%). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a reduction in the incidence of @entity1 with significant @entity227 from @entity989 over time in New Zealand, likely due to progress in clinical management of @entity989 . Our study suggests the current @entity989 screening criteria of <31   weeks' gestation or <1250   g are of sufficient breadth.

title: @entity227 due to @entity989 ( XXXX ) in New Zealand: a 22-year review.

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['ROP']


abstract: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) affects over 3 000 @entity1 in Poland annually The efficacy of the therapy remains relatively low due to challenges of systematic improvement in the early detection @entity43 rates. International comparisons indicate a positive correlation between health expenditures and 5-year survival rates of @entity5 @entity1 . To the best of our knowledge, our study has been the first to present a correlation between the 5-year survival rates (SRs) and the cost of @entity43 therapy in particular regions of Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was based on the National Health Fund (NHF) data, available in the Disease Treatment Registry The analysis included approximately 13,000 @entity43 @entity1 who started their treatment between 2005 and 2008 to allow for the evaluation of long-term therapy results. The 5-year survival rates were analyzed in relation to average @entity283 in various regions of Poland, distinguishing the population of @entity1 aged 45-64 years. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate in the cohorts diagnosed in 2005 and 2008 changed marginally from 42% to 43%, maintaining relatively large differences between the regions (from 35% to 53% in @entity1 diagnosed in 2008). The @entity283 in particular regions differed significantly: mean cost for the entire treatment cycle ranged from 31.600 PLN do 58.000 PLNperperson among @entity1 diagnosed in 2008. No significant correlation between the survival and the cost was found. CONCLUSIONS: SRs of @entity43 @entity1 in particular regions of Poland are not correlated with average treatment cost. Thus, the differences in SRs between various regions of Poland have their source in other factors, e.g., clinical stage at diagnosis, or prevailing treatment patterns in the given region. Further studies may decrease regional discrepancies in @entity1 care and SRs in @entity43 subjects.

title: [Efficacy and costs of XXXX therapy in Poland--regional approach].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NHF expenditures']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects. DESIGN: Obese adults with features of the @entity209 underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the @entity23 ( @entity23 ) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included @entity1 from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of   4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m(2)) <38. @entity1386 biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix). RESULTS: Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in @entity1386 between the ND and @entity23 (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the @entity23 . Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., @entity9688 , @entity54676 ), adaptive immune response ( @entity9650 , @entity10497 ), and reactive @entity26 species ( @entity20995 ). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor kB. CONCLUSION: A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in @entity1386 compared with a @entity23 independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the @entity209 . The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.

title: Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in XXXX in individuals with features of the @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity20995 :: ('653361', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil cytosolic factor 1']

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Gene') :: ['interferon regulatory factor 1']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'control diet']

entities_list: @entity10497 :: ('3570', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 6 receptor']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'SAT']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects. DESIGN: Obese adults with features of the @entity209 underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the @entity23 ( @entity23 ) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included @entity1 from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of   4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m(2)) <38. @entity1386 biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix). RESULTS: Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in @entity1386 between the ND and @entity23 (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the @entity23 . Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., @entity9688 , @entity54676 ), adaptive immune response ( @entity9650 , @entity10497 ), and reactive @entity26 species ( @entity20995 ). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor kB. CONCLUSION: A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in @entity1386 compared with a @entity23 independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the @entity209 . The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.

title: Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in @entity1386 in individuals with features of the XXXX .

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 studies demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) represents an effective treatment for @entity56 . IT involves repeated administration of the sensitizing allergen, indicating a crucial contribution of T cells to its medicinal benefit. However, the underlying mechanisms of IT, especially in a @entity102 , are far from being definitive. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the suppressive mechanisms of IT in a @entity19 model of @entity56 . OVA-sensitized @entity19 were challenged with OVA or PBS for 4 wk. After development of @entity32 , @entity19 received OVA-specific IT or placebo alternately to airway challenge for 3 wk. To analyze the T cell-mediated mechanisms underlying IT in vivo, we elaborated the role of T-bet-expressing Th1 cells, T cell-derived @entity1618 , and Ag-specific thymic as well as peripherally induced @entity3744 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. IT ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 in a chronic @entity565 model. Of note, IT even resulted in a regression of structural changes in the airways following chronic inhaled allergen exposure. Concomitantly, IT induced Th1 cells, @entity3744 (+), and @entity1618 -producing Treg cells. Detailed analyses revealed that thymic Treg cells crucially contribute to the effectiveness of IT by promoting @entity1618 production in @entity3744 -negative T cells. Together with the peripherally induced Ag-specific @entity3744 (+) Treg cells, thymic @entity3744 (+) Treg cells orchestrate the curative mechanisms of IT. Taken together, we demonstrate that IT is effective in a chronic @entity56 and dependent on @entity1618 and thymic as well as peripherally induced Ag-specific Treg cells.

title: XXXX and Regulatory T Cells Cooperate in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy To Ameliorate @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation', 'chronic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'chronic allergic asthma', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 studies demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) represents an effective treatment for @entity56 . IT involves repeated administration of the sensitizing allergen, indicating a crucial contribution of T cells to its medicinal benefit. However, the underlying mechanisms of IT, especially in a @entity102 , are far from being definitive. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the suppressive mechanisms of IT in a @entity19 model of @entity56 . OVA-sensitized @entity19 were challenged with OVA or PBS for 4 wk. After development of @entity32 , @entity19 received OVA-specific IT or placebo alternately to airway challenge for 3 wk. To analyze the T cell-mediated mechanisms underlying IT in vivo, we elaborated the role of T-bet-expressing Th1 cells, T cell-derived @entity1618 , and Ag-specific thymic as well as peripherally induced @entity3744 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. IT ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 in a chronic @entity565 model. Of note, IT even resulted in a regression of structural changes in the airways following chronic inhaled allergen exposure. Concomitantly, IT induced Th1 cells, @entity3744 (+), and @entity1618 -producing Treg cells. Detailed analyses revealed that thymic Treg cells crucially contribute to the effectiveness of IT by promoting @entity1618 production in @entity3744 -negative T cells. Together with the peripherally induced Ag-specific @entity3744 (+) Treg cells, thymic @entity3744 (+) Treg cells orchestrate the curative mechanisms of IT. Taken together, we demonstrate that IT is effective in a chronic @entity56 and dependent on @entity1618 and thymic as well as peripherally induced Ag-specific Treg cells.

title: @entity1618 and Regulatory T Cells Cooperate in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy To Ameliorate XXXX .

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Asthma']


abstract: Previous studies showed that decreased cerebral saturation during cardiac surgery is related to adverse postoperative outcome. Therefore, we investigated the influence of intraoperative events on cerebral tissue saturation in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A total of 52 adult @entity1 who underwent cardiac surgery using pulsatile CPB were included in this prospective explorative study. Cerebral tissue @entity26 saturation (SctO2) was measured in both the left and right cerebral hemisphere. Intraoperative events, involving interventions performed by anesthesiologist, surgeon, and clinical perfusionist, were documented. Simultaneously, in-line hemodynamic parameters (partial @entity26 pressure, partial @entity544 pressure, hematocrit, arterial blood pressure, and CPB flow rates) were recorded. Cerebral tissue saturation was affected by anesthetic induction (p < .001), placement of the sternal retractor (p < .001), and initiation (p < .001) as well as termination of CPB (p < .001). Placement (p < .001) and removal of the aortic cross-clamp (p = .026 for left hemisphere, p = .048 for right hemisphere) led to changes in cerebral tissue saturation. In addition, when placing the aortic crossclamp, hematocrit (p < .001) as well as arterial (p = .007) and venous (p < .001) partial @entity26 pressures changed. Cerebral tissue oximetry effectively identifies changes related to surgical events or vulnerable periods during cardiac surgery. Future studies are needed to identify methods of mitigating periods of reduced cerebral saturation.

title: Impact of Intraoperative Events on Cerebral Tissue Oximetry in XXXX Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Quality of care monitoring is a key strategy for health policy. In Italy, the @entity13785 Annals continuous monitoring and quality improvement initiative has been in place since 2006. Results after 8  years are now available. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Quality of @entity6 care indicators during the years 2004-2011 were extracted from electronic medical records of 300 @entity6 clinics. From 200,000 to 500,000 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were analyzed per year. Six process indicators, eight intermediate outcome indicators, seven indicators of treatment intensity/appropriateness, and a quality of care summary score (Q score) were evaluated. Previous studies documented that the risk of developing a new cardiovascular event was 80  % higher in @entity1 with a Q score <15 and 20  % higher in those with a score between 15 and 25, as compared to those with a score >25. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with HbA1c  <=7  %, LDL @entity165 <100  mg/dl, and blood pressure >= 140/90  mmHg increased by 4.8, 21.9, and 10.0  %, respectively. Process and treatment intensity/appropriateness indicators consistently improved. The proportion of @entity1 with a Q score <15 decreased from 13.5 to 6.5  %, while those with a Q score >25 increased from 22.9 to 38.5  %. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13785 Annals document the progress in quality of @entity6 care. Longitudinal improvements in Q score can translate into less cardiovascular events, with evident clinical and economic implications. @entity13785 Annals represent a physician-led effort not requiring allocation of extra-economic resources, which is easy to implement and deeply rooted in routine clinical practice. They are a potential case model for other healthcare systems.

title: Trends over 8  years in quality of XXXX care: results of the @entity13785 Annals continuous quality improvement initiative.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Quality of care monitoring is a key strategy for health policy. In Italy, the @entity13785 Annals continuous monitoring and quality improvement initiative has been in place since 2006. Results after 8  years are now available. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Quality of @entity6 care indicators during the years 2004-2011 were extracted from electronic medical records of 300 @entity6 clinics. From 200,000 to 500,000 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were analyzed per year. Six process indicators, eight intermediate outcome indicators, seven indicators of treatment intensity/appropriateness, and a quality of care summary score (Q score) were evaluated. Previous studies documented that the risk of developing a new cardiovascular event was 80  % higher in @entity1 with a Q score <15 and 20  % higher in those with a score between 15 and 25, as compared to those with a score >25. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with HbA1c  <=7  %, LDL @entity165 <100  mg/dl, and blood pressure >= 140/90  mmHg increased by 4.8, 21.9, and 10.0  %, respectively. Process and treatment intensity/appropriateness indicators consistently improved. The proportion of @entity1 with a Q score <15 decreased from 13.5 to 6.5  %, while those with a Q score >25 increased from 22.9 to 38.5  %. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13785 Annals document the progress in quality of @entity6 care. Longitudinal improvements in Q score can translate into less cardiovascular events, with evident clinical and economic implications. @entity13785 Annals represent a physician-led effort not requiring allocation of extra-economic resources, which is easy to implement and deeply rooted in routine clinical practice. They are a potential case model for other healthcare systems.

title: Trends over 8  years in quality of @entity6 care: results of the XXXX Annals continuous quality improvement initiative.

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['AMD']


abstract: AIMS: To examine contemporary rates of severe @entity4053 (SH) and identify the effect of predictors of SH in a pediatric type 1 @entity6 population. METHODS: The national @entity6 register provided data on @entity1 residing in Denmark from 2008 to 2013 in this register-based population study. Robust Poisson regression models were applied. RESULTS: The study population [n  =  2,715 (50.9  % @entity1 ), mean (SD) age at onset; 8.1 (4.0) years, @entity6 duration; 5.6 (4.9) years] comprised 7,390 @entity1 -years of data and 561 events of SH. The overall incidence of SH was 7.6 per 100 @entity1 -years. The incidence rate peaked with 16.0 per 100 @entity1 -years in 2008 reaching a nadir of 4.9 in 2011. Overall, insulin pump reduced the rate of SH with 27  % compared to any pen treatment (P  =  0.003). When stratifying pen treatment, premixed insulin increased the rate of SH by 1.9-fold (P  =  0.0015) and NPH increased the rate by 1.6-fold (P  =  0.003) versus pump treatment, whereas long-acting insulin analogues were comparable with pump treatment (P  =  0.1485). We found no association of SH with glycemic control (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A nationwide halving in rates of severe @entity4053 was observed during the study period independent of the prevailing average HbA1c level. Changes in @entity6 care and successful educational programs may have influenced the lower incidence rate of severe @entity4053 .

title: Nationwide reduction in the frequency of severe XXXX by half.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid dependency currently affects over 2.5 million @entity1 in the United States and is increasing in incidence. Office-based opioid therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 provides greater @entity1 access to treatment and has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a study of 100 consecutive @entity1 treated for @entity4784 with @entity4783 - @entity1510 in a single provider's community-based internal medicine practice. The primary outcome measures were retention in therapy, wellness, and abstinence from ongoing drug use. Data were obtained from frequent physical examinations, self-report data, and periodic urine drug screening. RESULTS: The retention rate in therapy was 75%. A multidimensional evaluation of wellness improved in 75% of the @entity1 . Eighty-five percent reported no opiate relapse during therapy. CONCLUSION: Office-based opioid therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 has provided greater access to therapy with improved therapeutic outcomes. Our findings support the mounting literature that more @entity1 should be offered office-based opioid therapy for opioid dependency.

title: Opioid Addiction Treatment Using @entity4783 - XXXX In A Community-Based Internal Medicine Practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['Naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioid dependency currently affects over 2.5 million @entity1 in the United States and is increasing in incidence. Office-based opioid therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 provides greater @entity1 access to treatment and has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a study of 100 consecutive @entity1 treated for @entity4784 with @entity4783 - @entity1510 in a single provider's community-based internal medicine practice. The primary outcome measures were retention in therapy, wellness, and abstinence from ongoing drug use. Data were obtained from frequent physical examinations, self-report data, and periodic urine drug screening. RESULTS: The retention rate in therapy was 75%. A multidimensional evaluation of wellness improved in 75% of the @entity1 . Eighty-five percent reported no opiate relapse during therapy. CONCLUSION: Office-based opioid therapy with @entity4783 - @entity1510 has provided greater access to therapy with improved therapeutic outcomes. Our findings support the mounting literature that more @entity1 should be offered office-based opioid therapy for opioid dependency.

title: Opioid Addiction Treatment Using XXXX - @entity1510 In A Community-Based Internal Medicine Practice.

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['Buprenorphine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2249 without @entity130 are rare and related to several conditions. @entity1642 due to the use of anti- @entity302 drug are one of the rare causes. This case study is about @entity2249 resulting from chronic use of anti- @entity302 drug. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 26-year-old @entity1 was referred to our emergency department with a complaint of bilateral groin @entity158 and a 12-year history of irregular @entity2049 use. The diagnosis was @entity2249 due to irregular long-term @entity2049 use. One-stage bilateral dynamic hip screw osteosynthesis was performed. After 2 years of follow up, good result was obtained. DISCUSSION: There are several risk factors for insufficiency @entity174 , and antiepileptic drug related @entity170 is one of the reason. These drugs have negative effect on bone methabolism and bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of bilateral femoral neck insufficiency @entity174 due to chronic @entity2049 use. Joint and @entity158 with a history of long-term use of anti- @entity302 drug should be investigated carefully, and insufficiency @entity174 should be kept in mind.

title: XXXX secondary to chronic @entity2049 use treated by bilateral dynamic hip screw: A case report.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral femoral neck insufficiency fractures', 'Bilateral femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Insufficiency fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Bilateral femoral neck fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2249 without @entity130 are rare and related to several conditions. @entity1642 due to the use of anti- @entity302 drug are one of the rare causes. This case study is about @entity2249 resulting from chronic use of anti- @entity302 drug. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 26-year-old @entity1 was referred to our emergency department with a complaint of bilateral groin @entity158 and a 12-year history of irregular @entity2049 use. The diagnosis was @entity2249 due to irregular long-term @entity2049 use. One-stage bilateral dynamic hip screw osteosynthesis was performed. After 2 years of follow up, good result was obtained. DISCUSSION: There are several risk factors for insufficiency @entity174 , and antiepileptic drug related @entity170 is one of the reason. These drugs have negative effect on bone methabolism and bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of bilateral femoral neck insufficiency @entity174 due to chronic @entity2049 use. Joint and @entity158 with a history of long-term use of anti- @entity302 drug should be investigated carefully, and insufficiency @entity174 should be kept in mind.

title: @entity2249 secondary to chronic XXXX use treated by bilateral dynamic hip screw: A case report.

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major debate in the mental-rotation literature concerns the question of whether objects are represented holistically during rotation. Effects of object complexity on rotational speed are considered strong evidence against such holistic representations. In Experiment 1, such an effect of object complexity was markedly present. A closer look on individual performance patterns, however, revealed that only some @entity1 showed this effect. For others, rotational speed was independent of object complexity. The assumption that these fast-rotating @entity1 use a holistic representation that equally well holds simple and complex objects would explain these results. Taking error rates into account disproved this explanation: Fast @entity1 simply committed more errors in those conditions for which careful @entity1 invested more rotation time. Whether this speed-accuracy trade-off is a stable personality trait or a somewhat flexible strategic choice was examined in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, @entity1 received monetary incentives that encouraged them to minimize errors. In line with a certain degree of flexible strategic control over speed-accuracy trade-offs, a large majority of @entity1 showed effects of object complexity on rotational speed. When, in contrast, time pressure was induced in Experiment 3, error rates increased considerably and most @entity1 ' rotational speed became independent of object complexity. Our results indicate that all our @entity1 performed @entity717 on a nonholistic representation and that apparent holistic processing strategies in @entity717 (and potentially also in other spatial tasks) might actually be speed-accuracy trade-offs in disguise. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Fast and careless or careful and slow? Apparent holistic processing in XXXX is explained by speed-accuracy trade-offs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental rotation']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['mental rotation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Global patterns of @entity853 ( @entity853 ) in chromosomes are required to understand the dynamics of genome organization and complexity. For this study, analysis was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP Array 6.0 chip and CytoScan High-Density arrays. We identified a total of 44 109 @entity853 from 1715 genomes with a mean of 25 @entity853 in an individual, which established the first drafts of population-specific @entity471 maps providing a rationale for prioritizing chromosomal regions. About 19 905 ancient @entity853 were identified across all chromosomes and populations at varying frequencies. @entity471 count, and sometimes @entity471 size, contributed to the bulk @entity471 size of the chromosome. Population specific lengthening and shortening of chromosomal length was observed. Sex bias for @entity471 presence was largely dependent on ethnicity. Lower @entity471 inheritance rate was observed for India, compared to YRI and CEU. A total of 33 candidate @entity471 hotspots from 5382 copy number (CN) variable region (CNVR) clusters were identified. Population specific @entity471 distribution patterns in p and q arms disturbed the assumption that @entity471 counts in the p arm are less common compared to long arms, and the @entity471 occurrence and distribution in chromosomes is length independent. This study unraveled the force of independent evolutionary dynamics on genome organization and complexity across chromosomes and populations.

title: Global patterns of large XXXX in the @entity1 genome reveal complexity in chromosome organization.

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['CNVs', 'copy number variations']

answer: @entity853 :: (MESH:D009139,Disease) :: ['copy number variations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Global patterns of @entity853 ( @entity853 ) in chromosomes are required to understand the dynamics of genome organization and complexity. For this study, analysis was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP Array 6.0 chip and CytoScan High-Density arrays. We identified a total of 44 109 @entity853 from 1715 genomes with a mean of 25 @entity853 in an individual, which established the first drafts of population-specific @entity471 maps providing a rationale for prioritizing chromosomal regions. About 19 905 ancient @entity853 were identified across all chromosomes and populations at varying frequencies. @entity471 count, and sometimes @entity471 size, contributed to the bulk @entity471 size of the chromosome. Population specific lengthening and shortening of chromosomal length was observed. Sex bias for @entity471 presence was largely dependent on ethnicity. Lower @entity471 inheritance rate was observed for India, compared to YRI and CEU. A total of 33 candidate @entity471 hotspots from 5382 copy number (CN) variable region (CNVR) clusters were identified. Population specific @entity471 distribution patterns in p and q arms disturbed the assumption that @entity471 counts in the p arm are less common compared to long arms, and the @entity471 occurrence and distribution in chromosomes is length independent. This study unraveled the force of independent evolutionary dynamics on genome organization and complexity across chromosomes and populations.

title: Global patterns of large @entity853 in the XXXX genome reveal complexity in chromosome organization.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with @entity177 underwent intermittent hemodialysis for five to 37 months (111 @entity1 -months on a twice-weekly basis) employing arteriovenous Teflon-Silastic cannulas and the modified two-layer Kiil hemodialyzer. A single-pass 37 degrees C. dialysate system has been used. One @entity1 died of an indirectly related cause. All other @entity1 have been successfully rehabilitated and now carry on normal activity of moderate sedentary type. Complications included recurring @entity281 and clotting of arteriovenous cannulas. @entity101 and @entity417 were common complications requiring careful control. @entity1897 was noted in five of the seven @entity1 but was of clinical significance in only one @entity1 . @entity730 , @entity170 and @entity1791 also occurred in this @entity1 . @entity10189 with @entity548 developed in two @entity1 . The degree of rehabilitation and psychological adjustment achieved by this group of @entity1 strongly indicates the need for expansion of dialysis facilities and further research into the medical and economic aspects of dialysis.

title: Intermittent hemodialysis in terminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['Peptic ulcers']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic calcification']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nowadays there is still a lack of effective method to evaluate @entity64 . To distinguish @entity1 with and without @entity308 after @entity64 reliably, this study proposes a new Post-Stroke @entity308 Scale (PSDS). METHODS: PSDS was developed based on various @entity308 scales and clinician experiences. 158 @entity64 @entity1 who were able to finish PSDS and @entity308 ( @entity308 ) were recruited. Cronbach a, Spearman rank coefficient and Kruskal-Wallis test were respectively used to examine reliability, internal consistency and discriminate validity. Then the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the ability of scale and categorized scales to the range of @entity308 . Finally, the factors of the PSDS were classified by average clustering analysis. RESULTS: The Cronbach a of PSDS was 0.797 (95% CI) indicted a good reliability. The Spearman correlation coefficient between PSDS and @entity308 was 0.822 (P<0.001) showed an excellent congruent validity. The discriminate validity displayed significant difference between @entity1 with and without @entity308 (P<0.001). 6/24 was set to be the cut-off value by ROC analysis. Moreover, the different severity was distinguished by the value 6/24, 15/24 and 17/24. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size maybe the main limitation, the larger sample used in different fields according sex, age and side-lesion was needed to verity the results. The cut off value calculated by ROC curve maybe react the severity of the disease to some extent, but it is not absolute. CONCLUSIONS: PSDS is a valid, reliable and specific tool for evaluating @entity64 @entity1 and can be conveniently utilized.

title: Reliability and validity of a new XXXX scale in Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke depression', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['post-stroke depression']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 involving the parotid are predominantly primary with metastatic lesions forming a miniscule population. @entity1653 metastasizing to the parotid is extremely rare and hence can often be mistaken for the more common primary @entity14253 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 59-year-old male presented with a swelling in the left parotid region. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of myoepithelial predominant @entity5123 . A superficial parotidectomy performed revealed a @entity5 composed of rhabdoid cells with abundant finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm raising a possibility of @entity20027 . Immunohistochemistry for myoepithelial markers was negative. A critical review elicited a history of surgical excision of a recurrent @entity5606 twice. A possibility of @entity3 was considered and a second panel of immunomarkers demonstrated @entity2277 and epithelial membrane antigen positivity. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated a space occupying lesion in the frontal lobe suggestive of a recurrent/ @entity41 . In view of the history, neuroradiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a final diagnosis of metastatic @entity5606 to the parotid was rendered. DISCUSSION: Morphologically, metastatic @entity5606 may mimic a primary or @entity189 , @entity320 and @entity242 . Accurate diagnosis can be made by careful clinical evaluation and histopathological examination of the @entity5 . These @entity5 are composed of rhabdomyoblast like cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The present case demonstrated characteristic histopathological features confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: @entity5606 is an aggressive @entity5 with a high propensity to recur and metastasize. The present case highlights the importance of clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation to accurately diagnose these rare entities.

title: Metastatic @entity5606 of the parotid - Mimicking primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity20027 :: ('MESH:D009208', 'Disease') :: ['myoepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid meningioma', 'Rhabdoid meningioma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningioma']

entities_list: @entity14253 :: ('MESH:D012468', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity14253 :: (MESH:D012468,Disease) :: ['salivary gland neoplasm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 involving the parotid are predominantly primary with metastatic lesions forming a miniscule population. @entity1653 metastasizing to the parotid is extremely rare and hence can often be mistaken for the more common primary @entity14253 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 59-year-old male presented with a swelling in the left parotid region. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of myoepithelial predominant @entity5123 . A superficial parotidectomy performed revealed a @entity5 composed of rhabdoid cells with abundant finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm raising a possibility of @entity20027 . Immunohistochemistry for myoepithelial markers was negative. A critical review elicited a history of surgical excision of a recurrent @entity5606 twice. A possibility of @entity3 was considered and a second panel of immunomarkers demonstrated @entity2277 and epithelial membrane antigen positivity. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated a space occupying lesion in the frontal lobe suggestive of a recurrent/ @entity41 . In view of the history, neuroradiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, a final diagnosis of metastatic @entity5606 to the parotid was rendered. DISCUSSION: Morphologically, metastatic @entity5606 may mimic a primary or @entity189 , @entity320 and @entity242 . Accurate diagnosis can be made by careful clinical evaluation and histopathological examination of the @entity5 . These @entity5 are composed of rhabdomyoblast like cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The present case demonstrated characteristic histopathological features confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: @entity5606 is an aggressive @entity5 with a high propensity to recur and metastasize. The present case highlights the importance of clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation to accurately diagnose these rare entities.

title: Metastatic XXXX of the parotid - Mimicking primary @entity14253 .

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['rhabdoid meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of @entity0 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12  months. @entity1 : @entity1 from Brazil who had @entity0 , divided into an intervention group (IG) (n  =  18) and comparison group (n  =  75). INTERVENTION: To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid @entity273 , @entity6738 proteins, @entity2041 , and ferric reducing antioxidant power. ANALYSES: Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. RESULTS: The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in @entity2041 in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.

title: Nutrition education intervention for @entity1 with XXXX : effect on nutritional factors and oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of @entity0 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12  months. @entity1 : @entity1 from Brazil who had @entity0 , divided into an intervention group (IG) (n  =  18) and comparison group (n  =  75). INTERVENTION: To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid @entity273 , @entity6738 proteins, @entity2041 , and ferric reducing antioxidant power. ANALYSES: Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. RESULTS: The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in @entity2041 in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.

title: Nutrition education intervention for XXXX with @entity0 : effect on nutritional factors and oxidative stress.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundStroke causes lasting disability and the burden of @entity64 is expected to increase substantially during the next decades. Optimal rehabilitation is therefore mandatory. Early supported discharge (ESD) has previously shown beneficial, but all major studies were carried out more than ten years ago. We wanted to implement and study the results of ESD in our community today with comparisons between ESD and treatment as usual, as well as between two different ESD models.MethodsPatients with acute @entity64 were included during a three year period (2008  11) in a randomised controlled study comparing two different ESD models to treatment as usual. The two ESD models differed by the location of treatment: either in a day unit or in the @entity1   homes. @entity1 in the ESD groups were followed by a multi-disciplinary ambulatory team in the @entity64 unit and discharged home as early as possible. The ESD models also comprised treatment by a multi-disciplinary community health team for up to five weeks and follow-up controls after 3 and 6 months. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at six months.ResultsThree-hundred-and-six @entity1 were included. mRS scores and change scores were non-significantly better in the two ESD groups at 3 and 6  months. Within-group improvement from baseline to 3  months was significant in the ESD 1 (p  =  0.042) and ESD 2 (p  =  0.001) groups, but not in the controls. More @entity1 in the pooled ESD groups were independent at 3 (p  =  0.086) and 6  months (p  =  0.122) compared to controls and there also was a significant difference in 3  month change score between them (p  =  0.049). There were no differences between the two ESD groups. Length of stay in the @entity64 unit was 11  days in all groups.ConclusionsPatients in the ESD groups tended to be more independent than controls at 3 and 6 months, but no clear statistically significant differences were found. The added effect of supported discharge and improved follow-up seems to be rather modest. The improved @entity64 treatment of today may necessitate larger @entity1 samples to demonstrate additional benefit of ESD.Clinical trial registrationUnique identifier: NCT00771771.

title: Early supported discharge after XXXX in Bergen (ESD Stroke Bergen): three and six months results of a randomised controlled trial comparing two early supported discharge schemes with treatment as usual.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Component-resolved diagnosis might improve the prediction of future allergy in young @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the association between IgE reactivity to the pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) protein family and @entity2023 to birch pollen (ARbp) from early childhood up to age 16 years. METHOD: Questionnaire data and sera obtained at 4, 8, and 16 years of age from the Barn/ @entity1 Allergi/Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic (BAMSE) study birth cohort were used. Sera from 764 @entity1 were analyzed for IgE reactivity to 9 PR-10 allergen proteins at the 3 time points by using an allergen chip based on ISAC technology. ARbp was defined as upper airway symptoms during birch pollen exposure. RESULTS: IgE reactivity to @entity3991 v 1 was found in 12%, 17%, and 25% of @entity1 at 4, 8, and 16 years of age. IgE reactivity of PR-10 proteins showed a hierarchic intrarelationship: @entity3991 v 1  > @entity7671 d 1  > Cor a 1.04  > Ara h 8  > Pru p 1  > @entity16292 g 1  > Api g 1  > Act d 8  > Gly m 4. There was an increased risk of incidence and persistence of ARbp up to age 16 years with increasing levels of @entity3991 v 1-specific IgE or increasing numbers of IgE-reactive PR-10 proteins at 4 years. @entity1 with severe ARbp at age 16 years had higher levels of @entity3991 v 1-specific IgE at age 4 years compared with @entity1 with mild symptoms. CONCLUSION: ARbp at age 16 years can be predicted by analysis of IgE reactivity to PR-10 proteins in early childhood.

title: Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts XXXX in adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 is comprised of several different cell types reflecting different clinicopathologic features. Pathologic criteria for distinguishing cell types have evolved, and therefore non-contemporary literature on @entity43 may have limited current relevance. A new dualistic model of pathogenesis that distinguishes type I (endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell and low grade @entity189 ) from @entity1605 (high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 ) @entity5 has become widely accepted. METHODS: A cohort of 562 @entity1 with invasive @entity43 from a large community hospital practice was reviewed. Cell type, FIGO stage, mortality and interpathologist diagnostic reproducibility were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity43 were @entity1605 in 86% of cases while low stage @entity5 were most often type I. Only 1.7% of @entity5 were confirmed to be stage I with comprehensive surgical staging. @entity5 accounted for 85% of deaths, and @entity1358 , 5% of deaths. Cell type-specific case-fatality ratios for @entity5 were 62% and 79% for high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 , respectively. For type I @entity5 , case-fatality ratios were 38%, 36%, 27% and 13% for low grade serous, clear cell, endometrioid and @entity189 , respectively. The kappa value for diagnostic reproducibility among 3 gynecologic pathologists was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: Current diagnostic criteria confirm that high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 account for the vast majority (85%) of @entity43 deaths. Cell type designation is highly reproducible among gynecologic pathologists. @entity5 are rarely stage I (<2%) when comprehensively staged by a gynecologic oncologist.

title: Distribution and case-fatality ratios by cell-type for XXXX : A 22-year series of 562 @entity1 with uniform current histological classification.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'Ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'Advanced stage ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type II tumors', 'Type II tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinomas', 'serous carcinoma', 'mucinous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcomas', 'carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 is comprised of several different cell types reflecting different clinicopathologic features. Pathologic criteria for distinguishing cell types have evolved, and therefore non-contemporary literature on @entity43 may have limited current relevance. A new dualistic model of pathogenesis that distinguishes type I (endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell and low grade @entity189 ) from @entity1605 (high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 ) @entity5 has become widely accepted. METHODS: A cohort of 562 @entity1 with invasive @entity43 from a large community hospital practice was reviewed. Cell type, FIGO stage, mortality and interpathologist diagnostic reproducibility were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity43 were @entity1605 in 86% of cases while low stage @entity5 were most often type I. Only 1.7% of @entity5 were confirmed to be stage I with comprehensive surgical staging. @entity5 accounted for 85% of deaths, and @entity1358 , 5% of deaths. Cell type-specific case-fatality ratios for @entity5 were 62% and 79% for high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 , respectively. For type I @entity5 , case-fatality ratios were 38%, 36%, 27% and 13% for low grade serous, clear cell, endometrioid and @entity189 , respectively. The kappa value for diagnostic reproducibility among 3 gynecologic pathologists was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: Current diagnostic criteria confirm that high grade @entity189 and @entity6962 account for the vast majority (85%) of @entity43 deaths. Cell type designation is highly reproducible among gynecologic pathologists. @entity5 are rarely stage I (<2%) when comprehensively staged by a gynecologic oncologist.

title: Distribution and case-fatality ratios by cell-type for @entity43 : A 22-year series of 562 XXXX with uniform current histological classification.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated @entity1333 affects small vessels in the kidney (i.e., arterioles, glomerular or peritubular capillaries, or venules). Although crescentic @entity631 is a common histological finding, the incidence of peritubular capillaritis (PTC) or @entity4631 is unclear. Moreover, the laboratory data that reflect the degree of @entity8 and distinguish between PTC and @entity4631 have not yet been clarified. METHODS: We investigated laboratory data and histological findings from 11 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity19417 (2 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , mean age 70.3      3.3  years) whose renal biopsies were performed between 2009 and 2014. RESULTS: All @entity1 were positive for @entity3335 ( @entity3335 )-ANCA. PTC or @entity4631 was detected in six @entity1 (54.5  %), respectively. The only significant positive relationship between laboratory data and histological findings observed was that between levels of urinary a1 microglobulin (u-a1MG) excretion and the percentage of @entity194 and @entity82 (r  =  0.67, p  =  0.035). No significant differences in laboratory data were found between @entity1 with or without @entity4631 . However, the levels of u-a1MG excretion were significantly higher in @entity1 with PTC than in those without PTC (75.2      19.5 vs. 15.0      3.6  mg/dl, p  =  0.035). CONCLUSION: PTC or @entity4631 occurs at a high rate independently of crescentic @entity631 in @entity19417 @entity1 . The levels of u-a1MG excretion reflect the degrees of @entity194 and @entity82 . Moreover, high levels of u-a1MG excretion suggest that PTC is more likely than @entity4631 in @entity19417 @entity1 .

title: The level of urinary a1 microglobulin excretion is a useful marker of peritubular capillaritis in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4631 :: ('MESH:C536391', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolitis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal histological damage']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) can be difficult to detect using CT due to poor and heterogeneous contrast. @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) allows @entity1496 contrast optimization using noise-optimized monoenergetic extrapolations (MEIs) and @entity1496 maps (IMs). Our aim was to assess whether MEI and IM could improve the delineation of @entity715 material within @entity1496 -enhanced blood compared to single-energy CT (SECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six vessel phantoms, including @entity1 @entity715 and contrast media-enhanced blood and one phantom without contrast, were placed in an attenuation phantom and scanned with @entity5748 100/140  kV and SECT 120  kV. IM, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), mixed images, and MEI were calculated. Attenuation of thrombi and blood were measured. Contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNRs) were calculated and compared among IM, VNC, mixed images, MEI, and SECT using paired t tests. RESULTS: MEI40keV and IM showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV from high to intermediate @entity1496 concentrations (contrast:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.005;CNR:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.004). At low @entity1496 concentrations, MEI190keV and VNC images showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV with inverted contrasts (contrast:pMEI190keV   <   0.008,pVNC   <   0.002;CNR:pMEI190keV   <   0.003,pVNC   <   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Noise-optimized MEI and IM provide significantly higher contrast and CNR in the delineation of @entity715 compared to SECT, which may facilitate the detection of @entity1150 in difficult cases. KEY POINTS:     Poor contrast makes it difficult to detect @entity715 in CT.     Dual-energy-CT allows contrast optimization using monoenergetic extrapolations (MEI) and @entity1496 maps (IM).     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM are significantly superior to single-energy-CT in delineation of @entity715 .     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM may facilitate the detection of deep vein @entity715 .

title: Noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images and @entity1496 maps for the detection of venous thrombosis in second-generation dual-energy CT ( XXXX ): an ex vivo phantom study.

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['DECT', 'Dual-energy CT']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity5748 :: (MESH:D009105,Disease) :: ['DECT']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) can be difficult to detect using CT due to poor and heterogeneous contrast. @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) allows @entity1496 contrast optimization using noise-optimized monoenergetic extrapolations (MEIs) and @entity1496 maps (IMs). Our aim was to assess whether MEI and IM could improve the delineation of @entity715 material within @entity1496 -enhanced blood compared to single-energy CT (SECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six vessel phantoms, including @entity1 @entity715 and contrast media-enhanced blood and one phantom without contrast, were placed in an attenuation phantom and scanned with @entity5748 100/140  kV and SECT 120  kV. IM, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), mixed images, and MEI were calculated. Attenuation of thrombi and blood were measured. Contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNRs) were calculated and compared among IM, VNC, mixed images, MEI, and SECT using paired t tests. RESULTS: MEI40keV and IM showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV from high to intermediate @entity1496 concentrations (contrast:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.005;CNR:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.004). At low @entity1496 concentrations, MEI190keV and VNC images showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV with inverted contrasts (contrast:pMEI190keV   <   0.008,pVNC   <   0.002;CNR:pMEI190keV   <   0.003,pVNC   <   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Noise-optimized MEI and IM provide significantly higher contrast and CNR in the delineation of @entity715 compared to SECT, which may facilitate the detection of @entity1150 in difficult cases. KEY POINTS:     Poor contrast makes it difficult to detect @entity715 in CT.     Dual-energy-CT allows contrast optimization using monoenergetic extrapolations (MEI) and @entity1496 maps (IM).     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM are significantly superior to single-energy-CT in delineation of @entity715 .     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM may facilitate the detection of deep vein @entity715 .

title: Noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images and XXXX maps for the detection of venous thrombosis in second-generation dual-energy CT ( @entity5748 ): an ex vivo phantom study.

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the favorable prognosis of stage IA @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), the disease recurs after complete surgical resection in 20%-30% of @entity1 . This study determined the prognostic value of various metabolic parameters of @entity419 PET/CT in surgically resected stage IA @entity1149 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 248 @entity1 with stage IA @entity1149 who underwent lobectomy and complete lymph node dissection after PET/CT. A region of interest was drawn on the @entity75 , and metabolic indices such as @entity5 volume, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 134 @entity1 and 114 @entity1 , and the mean age was 63.03    10.01 y; 129 were stage T1a ( <=2 cm) and 119 were T1b (>2 cm). The median follow-up period was 36.6 mo. Recurrence took place in 15 @entity1 . The mean (  SD) SUVmax, @entity5 volume, and TLG were 4.55    3.75, 5.92    5.57, and 14.42    17.35, respectively. The cutoffs of SUVmax and TLG were 3.7 and 13.76, respectively. The 5-y @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 95.1% in low-SUVmax @entity1 and 82.2% in high-SUVmax @entity1 (P = 0.02). The 5-y @entity1349 was 93.7% in low-TLG @entity1 and 78.3% in high-TLG @entity1 (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, TLG was a risk factor for @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 3.159; P = 0.040), but SUVmax showed marginal significance (P = 0.064). The concordance index of the TLG model was 0.676 (95% CI, 0.541-0.812). CONCLUSION: TLG was a significant prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1 with stage IA @entity1149 .

title: Prognostic Value of Total Lesion Glycolysis by @entity419 PET/CT in Surgically Resected Stage IA XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the favorable prognosis of stage IA @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), the disease recurs after complete surgical resection in 20%-30% of @entity1 . This study determined the prognostic value of various metabolic parameters of @entity419 PET/CT in surgically resected stage IA @entity1149 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 248 @entity1 with stage IA @entity1149 who underwent lobectomy and complete lymph node dissection after PET/CT. A region of interest was drawn on the @entity75 , and metabolic indices such as @entity5 volume, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 134 @entity1 and 114 @entity1 , and the mean age was 63.03    10.01 y; 129 were stage T1a ( <=2 cm) and 119 were T1b (>2 cm). The median follow-up period was 36.6 mo. Recurrence took place in 15 @entity1 . The mean (  SD) SUVmax, @entity5 volume, and TLG were 4.55    3.75, 5.92    5.57, and 14.42    17.35, respectively. The cutoffs of SUVmax and TLG were 3.7 and 13.76, respectively. The 5-y @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 95.1% in low-SUVmax @entity1 and 82.2% in high-SUVmax @entity1 (P = 0.02). The 5-y @entity1349 was 93.7% in low-TLG @entity1 and 78.3% in high-TLG @entity1 (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, TLG was a risk factor for @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 3.159; P = 0.040), but SUVmax showed marginal significance (P = 0.064). The concordance index of the TLG model was 0.676 (95% CI, 0.541-0.812). CONCLUSION: TLG was a significant prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1 with stage IA @entity1149 .

title: Prognostic Value of Total Lesion Glycolysis by XXXX PET/CT in Surgically Resected Stage IA @entity1149 .

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypercapnia produces a profound effect on respiratory drive and upper airway function to maintain airway patency. Previous work has evaluated the effects of @entity2944 on the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), using indirect measures of function such as electromyography and direct nerve recording. Here we describe a novel method to evaluate laryngeal function in anesthetized animals and use this method to determine the effects of @entity2944 on PCA function. Eight @entity235 were anesthetized and a laryngeal mask airway used in combination with high speed video endoscopy to evaluate laryngeal function. A stepwise increase in inspired partial pressure of @entity544 produced marked arytenoid abduction above 70mmHg ETCO2 (p<0.001). Glottic length increased above 80mmHg ETCO2 (p<0.02) and this lead to under representation of changes in glottic area if standard measures of glottic area (Normalized Glottic Gap Area, NGGA) were used. Use of a known scale to determine absolute glottic area demonstrated no plateau with increasing ETCO2 up to 120mmHg. Ventilatory parameters also continued to increase with no evidence of a maximal response. In a second anesthetic episode, repeated bursts of transient @entity2944 for 60 seconds with an end tidal CO2 of 90mmHg produced a 43-55% increase in glottic area (p<0.001) at or shortly after the end of the hypercapnic burst. A laryngeal mask airway can be used in combination with video endoscopy to precisely determine changes in laryngeal function with high temporal resolution. Absolute glottic area more precisely represents PCA function than NGGA at moderate levels of @entity2944 .

title: Effect of Inhaled XXXX on Laryngeal Abduction.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon Dioxide']


abstract: @entity5409 of the pancreas are increasingly recognized due to the widespread use of modern abdominal imaging technologies. The majority of these lesions display @entity14775 . In contrast to @entity9007 , it is well established that mucinous @entity5 of the pancreas exhibit a significant potential for @entity5 over time. Among mucinous @entity5 , the most frequently observed entity is @entity788 ( @entity4929 ). IPMNs are characterized by cystic dilation of pancreatic ducts and the production of mucus and by an @entity2513 sequence eventually culminating in invasive @entity189 in some @entity1 . Due to the high risk of harboring malignancy, there is international consensus that IPMNs with involvement of the main pancreatic duct should be recommended for surgical resection. To date, the indication for surgery of branch-duct IPMNs is controversially discussed because of the overall lower risk of @entity5 compared to main-duct IPMNs. Particularly for small and asymptomatic side-branch IPMNs, the indication for surgical resection remains challenging. In addition to the international consensus guidelines, a number of potential preoperative features predicting @entity5 have been discussed recently. Moreover, novel surgical pancreatic parenchyma-sparing techniques such as enucleations or segmental pancreatic resections have been reported in order to treat IPMNs. The present article aims to demonstrate the current scientific knowledge in this field and to highlight the current controversy.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX - where is the challenge?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms', 'cystic tumors', 'malignant transformation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts and mucinous cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ocular surface consists of the @entity267 , conjunctiva, and the limbus that is located in the transitional zone between the @entity267 and conjunctiva. The corneal epithelial cells are generated through the mitosis of corneal epithelial stem cells in the limbus. This study investigated a @entity95 @entity2687 model prepared by the surgical @entity2687 , which express cytokeratin 12 ( @entity16915 ). After the surgery, @entity7435 -expressing conjunctival epithelium migrated onto the corneal surface and completely covered the surface, leading to neovascularization and corneal opacification. However, at 24 and 48 weeks after the surgery, @entity16915 -expressing @entity267 -like cells reappeared on the model ocular surface. These cells formed an island surrounded by invaded conjunctiva and were isolated from the limbus. Interestingly, in the 24-week model surface, a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains, which are normally found in the basement membrane of the native limbus and conjunctiva, and not in the @entity267 , were continuously deposited throughout the entire basement membrane, including the basement membrane under @entity267 -like cells. By contrast, in the 48-week model surface, a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains were absent from the basement membrane beneath the central part of @entity267 -like cells and were localized below the invaded conjunctiva and the transitional zone between @entity267 -like cells and the invaded conjunctiva, which had similar distribution to the native ocular basement membrane. Moreover, @entity16915 , @entity6881 , @entity4206 , @entity2277 , and a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains, which are colocalized in the native limbus, were all present at the transitional zone of the 48-week model surface. Therefore, a limbus-like structure appeared to be reconstructed on the surface of the 48-week model as a stem cell niche. This study should aid in the understanding of @entity1 @entity2687 , the correlation between the epithelial cell phenotype and the composition of the basement membrane, and the epithelial stem cell niche.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 22 December 2014; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2014.146.

title: Remodeling of epithelial cells and basement membranes in a XXXX model with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal deficiency', 'removal of the corneal and limbal epithelia']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal deficiency']


abstract: AIM: This study investigated the overall and histology subtype-specific results of antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Literature retrieval, trial selection, data collection, and statistical analysis were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook. The outcome measures were @entity5 response rate, @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and adverse effects. RESULTS: 13 randomized controlled trials comprising 5,451 @entity1 were included. The meta-analysis showed a higher response rate (risk ratio (RR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.74) and a significantly prolonged @entity1349 (hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.85) and @entity1349 (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98) in the groups combining antiangiogenic agents with chemotherapy versus the chemotherapy alone groups. In the histology subgroup analysis, treatment with antiangiogenic agents plus chemotherapy significantly improved the RR, @entity1349 , and @entity1349 as compared with the chemotherapy groups in @entity1 with nonsquamous @entity1149 , but not in those with squamous @entity1149 . The risk of grade 3/4 @entity882 , @entity101 , @entity548 , @entity644 , @entity1910 , @entity294 , @entity1295 , @entity10 , @entity448 , and @entity1398 was significantly increased in the antiangiogenic agent combination groups as compared with the chemotherapy groups. CONCLUSION: The use of antiangiogenic agents in addition to chemotherapy is a valid option for the first-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 . The benefit is restricted to @entity1 with @entity5 .    2014 S. Karger AG, Freiburg.

title: Antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced XXXX : overall and histology subgroup-specific meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonsquamous-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'PFS', 'overall survival', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1494 , the main cause of @entity293 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ), is efficiently treated by bladder training with ultrasound control of the residual urine. However, the beneficial effects of bladder training in the hospital are often lost within a short time when the @entity1 returns to his home. Reexamination at home of 97 @entity15 @entity1 with @entity293 showed that the group which claimed to continue bladder training at home had significantly less residual urine at home than the group which did not continue bladder training at home. The residual urine decreased from 210 ml on average to almost normal while the @entity1 did bladder training in the hospital, but the volume nearly doubled within a short time at home. Thus, more decentralized rehabilitation by family members, volunteer personnel or local nurses is necessary. Decentralized symptomatic therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity15 at present. Family members. volunteers, and local nurses, however, need training. Without these improvements in decentralized rehabilitation the hospital treatment of @entity15 is of little benefit because urinary tract infection quickly recurs at home. For efficient bladder training the @entity1 needs feedback regarding the residual urine; this can be provided with minimum risk by ultrasound sonocystography. In those rare cases in which bladder training does not work, intermittent catheterization must be carried out by the @entity1 or their families, volunteer personnel or a local nurse. A continuous indwelling catheter should not be used. antibiotic treatment should be applied only on the basis of a precise bacteriological diagnosis.

title: Treatment of neurogenic @entity1494 in XXXX by ultrasound-controlled bladder training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['chronic urinary tract infections', 'increased residual urine and/or chronic urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']