abstract: A study of @entity393 and handicap was performed in a sample of elderly @entity1 living in an urban area of G  teborg, Sweden. The aim was to describe the psychosocial consequences of presbyacusis. For this purpose, elderly @entity1 with fairly uncontaminated presbyacusis were chosen. The study group consisted of 154 @entity1 (59 @entity1 and 95 @entity1 ) between the ages of 70 and 91 with a median age of 78 years. The methods used included a self-assessed hearing instrument, pure-tone audiometry, and registration of desired services regarding rehabilitative audiology. The questionnaire included 26 items, 20 of them within four areas: assessment of normality, communication, quality of life and environment/orientation. The results showed that the assessment, whether the hearing was normal or not, was correlated with audiometrically measured hearing. Many of the @entity1 expressed concern that their hearing had deteriorated. Communication situations with background noise were troublesome for many of the @entity1 , but they had only minor problems when performing daily activities like shopping. The quality of life in general was only mildly affected by @entity393 . Items regarding environment and orientation showed varying results. Some everyday aspects of listening were related to hearing ability, but directional hearing was not correlated with measured hearing. In spite of the @entity1 ' worry about @entity393 , only 8% requested hearing aids as a result of the examination.

title: The two faces of presbyacusis: XXXX and psychosocial consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disability', 'hearing loss', 'hearing deterioration']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When planning treatment of @entity43 , the prognostic factors should be considered. One of them is the amount of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in @entity5 cells, which reflects proliferative activity of the @entity5 . DESIGN: To estimate the influence of chemotherapy on the AgNORs count in @entity43 cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 26 @entity1 who underwent surgical procedure and then chemotherapy between 1998-2002 due to @entity43 were included into the study. During the initial surgery the @entity5 stage I was detected in 1 case, stage II in 2 cases, stage III in 12 cases, and stage IV in 11 cases. In all cases during second-look laparotomy, which was performed after 6 courses of chemotherapy ( @entity1311 , @entity900 ), the persistent disease was found. In 17 out of 26 cases it was disseminated @entity66 . In all cases the specimens were prepared according to one-step AgNORs method described by Howell and Ploton. In @entity5 cells the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (mAgNOR) and the mean percentage of nuclei with five or more AgNORs per nucleus (pAgNOR) were counted. RESULTS: The mAgNOR and pAgNOR mean number before chemotherapy were respectively: 4, 22 +/- 0.94 and 35.62 +/- 19.90. After treatment the mAgNOR and pAgNOR were significantly lower, and the data were respectively: 3.67 +/- 0.91 and 24.15 +/- 19.53. In 4 cases (15.4%) the mAgNOR increased, in 7 cases (26.9%) the change was not significant, and in 15 cases (57.7%) the mAgNOR decreased. In 6 cases (23.1%) the pAgNOR increased, in 5 cases (19.2%) the change was not significant, and in 15 cases (57.7%) the pAgNOR decreased. We did not found any correlation between the tendency to change the number of AgNORs and staging, the amount of persistent neoplasmatic tissue, the range of primary surgery, as well as grading. CONCLUSIONS: The number of AgNORs per nucleus in most cases of @entity43 after chemotherapy was lower. The tendency to change the number of AgNORs was not connected with staging as well as grading.

title: [Assessment of the influence of chemotherapy on the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) count in XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'serous ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasmatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['serous ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report one outstanding case of @entity221 and @entity812 with the radiologic finding of air outlining the whole left upper urinary tract (pneumopyelography). METHODS: The @entity1 subject of this case had a history of gynaecologic surgery five years before presentation and subsequent @entity4436 one year later requiring discharge colostomy followed by reconstruction 7 months later. We performed a MEDLINE search using the terms " @entity9132 ". Most papers are case reports with reviews of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as the etiologic factors. RESULTS: Radiologic tests are key to make this finding clear and to determine its location. In our @entity1 , once the acute picture was controlled and the confirmatory diagnosis was made by means of barium enema, we proceeded with left simple nephrectomy and lower intestine resection including the @entity292 tract. Real incidence is unknown; there is a female predominance in the published cases. Depending on the casual mechanism, they may be classified as spontaneous or traumatic. Most of them are secondary to bowel inflammatory diseases like @entity4436 , @entity30 , @entity5 , @entity1066 ,... They can also be secondary to impacted @entity1791 , @entity5 , endoscopic procedures, etc. Other cases are secondary to previous surgery and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of pneumopyelogram should prompt and interventional algorithm including radiologic tests and other examinations to allow a proper diagnosis and to perform an effective treatment.

title: [Spontaneous pneumopyelography for enteroureteral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['entero urinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urinary lithiasis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity14 in relation to smoking habits has been examined mostly in Caucasians, and evidence for other ethnic groups is still scarce. METHODS: Our data came from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. From 1988 through 1990, 25,260 @entity1 and 34,619 @entity1 aged 40-79 years completed a questionnaire on cigarette smoking and other lifestyle factors. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by fitting proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During the mean follow-up of 7.6 years through December 1997, we documented 408 incident @entity5 . We found a non-significant increase in @entity694 risk in male current smokers compared with never smokers. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-1.59) for ex-smokers and 1.23 (95% CI: 0.85-1.78) for current smokers. We however failed to observe a clear dose-response relationship between smoking intensity or duration and @entity694 risk. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.71-1.61) even for 40+ years of smoking. Almost no increase in @entity694 risk was detected for female smokers, and male smokers were not at an enhanced risk of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking was not a strong risk factor for @entity14 even after a long-term exposure, although a weak association remains open to discussion.

title: Smoking and XXXX in a non-Western population: a prospective cohort study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers and 204 rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that @entity63 , reperfusion, and the generation of free radicals are major etiological factors in the progression of @entity1494 after partial outlet obstruction. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of @entity409 following exposure of bladder smooth muscle to @entity519 followed by re-oxygenation was related to the level of lipid peroxidation indicating that membrane lipid peroxidation participated in the contractile failure induced. Recent studies demonstrated that incubation of isolated strips of bladder smooth muscle with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) result in progressive @entity409 and is associated with progressive increases in @entity1865 (peroxidation product). The current study investigates if feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protects the bladder from the effects of in vitro @entity274 . Sixty-four male New Zealand White @entity95 were separated into two groups: The @entity95 in group 1 were fed a normal diet (28 @entity95 ) whereas the @entity95 in group 2 were placed on a diet enriched with @entity1881 (36 @entity95 ). After 3 weeks on the normal or high E diet, each @entity95 was anesthetized and the bladder excised and cut into 6 isolated strips of bladder detrusor. Each strip was mounted in individual 15 ml baths containing oxygenated Tyrode's solution. The contractile responses to field stimulation (FS), @entity5402 . and @entity4338 were determined. The strips were washed and exposed to one of the following concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity274 ): 0% (control), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% for a period of 1 h. At the end of the hour each strip was washed free of @entity274 and a second set of contractile responses were performed and compared to the first set. At the end of the experiment, each strip was frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for analysis of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) as a measure of peroxidation. In both groups, @entity274 produced similar dose dependent decreases in the contractile responses to all forms of stimulation. In the normal-diet group @entity274 produced a dose dependent increase in @entity1865 formation, whereas in the high E group there were no increases in @entity1865 at any concentration of @entity274 . Feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protected the bladder smooth muscle from peroxidation, but had no significant effect on the @entity409 mediated by direct incubation with @entity274 .

title: The effect of @entity270 on the response of @entity95 bladder smooth muscle to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction', 'contractile dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that @entity63 , reperfusion, and the generation of free radicals are major etiological factors in the progression of @entity1494 after partial outlet obstruction. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of @entity409 following exposure of bladder smooth muscle to @entity519 followed by re-oxygenation was related to the level of lipid peroxidation indicating that membrane lipid peroxidation participated in the contractile failure induced. Recent studies demonstrated that incubation of isolated strips of bladder smooth muscle with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) result in progressive @entity409 and is associated with progressive increases in @entity1865 (peroxidation product). The current study investigates if feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protects the bladder from the effects of in vitro @entity274 . Sixty-four male New Zealand White @entity95 were separated into two groups: The @entity95 in group 1 were fed a normal diet (28 @entity95 ) whereas the @entity95 in group 2 were placed on a diet enriched with @entity1881 (36 @entity95 ). After 3 weeks on the normal or high E diet, each @entity95 was anesthetized and the bladder excised and cut into 6 isolated strips of bladder detrusor. Each strip was mounted in individual 15 ml baths containing oxygenated Tyrode's solution. The contractile responses to field stimulation (FS), @entity5402 . and @entity4338 were determined. The strips were washed and exposed to one of the following concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity274 ): 0% (control), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% for a period of 1 h. At the end of the hour each strip was washed free of @entity274 and a second set of contractile responses were performed and compared to the first set. At the end of the experiment, each strip was frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for analysis of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) as a measure of peroxidation. In both groups, @entity274 produced similar dose dependent decreases in the contractile responses to all forms of stimulation. In the normal-diet group @entity274 produced a dose dependent increase in @entity1865 formation, whereas in the high E group there were no increases in @entity1865 at any concentration of @entity274 . Feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protected the bladder smooth muscle from peroxidation, but had no significant effect on the @entity409 mediated by direct incubation with @entity274 .

title: The effect of @entity270 on the response of XXXX bladder smooth muscle to @entity273 .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that @entity63 , reperfusion, and the generation of free radicals are major etiological factors in the progression of @entity1494 after partial outlet obstruction. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of @entity409 following exposure of bladder smooth muscle to @entity519 followed by re-oxygenation was related to the level of lipid peroxidation indicating that membrane lipid peroxidation participated in the contractile failure induced. Recent studies demonstrated that incubation of isolated strips of bladder smooth muscle with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) result in progressive @entity409 and is associated with progressive increases in @entity1865 (peroxidation product). The current study investigates if feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protects the bladder from the effects of in vitro @entity274 . Sixty-four male New Zealand White @entity95 were separated into two groups: The @entity95 in group 1 were fed a normal diet (28 @entity95 ) whereas the @entity95 in group 2 were placed on a diet enriched with @entity1881 (36 @entity95 ). After 3 weeks on the normal or high E diet, each @entity95 was anesthetized and the bladder excised and cut into 6 isolated strips of bladder detrusor. Each strip was mounted in individual 15 ml baths containing oxygenated Tyrode's solution. The contractile responses to field stimulation (FS), @entity5402 . and @entity4338 were determined. The strips were washed and exposed to one of the following concentrations of @entity273 ( @entity274 ): 0% (control), 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% for a period of 1 h. At the end of the hour each strip was washed free of @entity274 and a second set of contractile responses were performed and compared to the first set. At the end of the experiment, each strip was frozen and stored at -70 degrees C for analysis of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) as a measure of peroxidation. In both groups, @entity274 produced similar dose dependent decreases in the contractile responses to all forms of stimulation. In the normal-diet group @entity274 produced a dose dependent increase in @entity1865 formation, whereas in the high E group there were no increases in @entity1865 at any concentration of @entity274 . Feeding @entity95 a diet high in @entity270 protected the bladder smooth muscle from peroxidation, but had no significant effect on the @entity409 mediated by direct incubation with @entity274 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the response of @entity95 bladder smooth muscle to @entity273 .

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this nested case-control study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to electromagnetic fields from high-voltage power lines increases the incidence of @entity1583 in adults. Data from an occupational exposure matrix was also used. METHODS: The study population comprised subjects aged 16 and above who had lived in a residence situated in a broad corridor around a high-voltage power line in 1980, or one of the years from 1986 to 1996. The cases were incident cases diagnosed 1980-1996. Two controls were matched to each case by year of birth, sex, municipality and first year entering the cohort. Time-weighted average exposure to residential magnetic fields generated by the power lines was calculated for the exposure follow-up from January 1, 1967 until diagnosis using cut-off points at 0.05 and 0.20 microT. In addition, job titles and industrial branch was classified as categories of hours per week in a magnetic field above background (0.1 microT). Subjects exposures were cumulated over occupationally active years for the exposure follow-up January 1, 1955 until diagnosis. RESULTS: When residential magnetic fields are evaluated, the two upper residential time weighted average magnetic field categories showed non-significant elevated odds ratios (ORs) for all @entity1778 combined (OR: 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-2.5 and OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8-3.0). The increased risk was confined to @entity1072 , @entity3052 . @entity706 showed a non-significant lower OR in the upper exposure category. @entity1582 showed non-significant elevated ORs. Occupational exposure showed no significant association to exposure for any site. CONCLUSIONS: Some elevated ORs were observed in the present study, but the results are based on small numbers and no firm conclusions can be drawn.

title: Residential and occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields and XXXX in Norway.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological cancers']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological cancers']


abstract: In a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of @entity548 prophylaxis, 400 @entity1 in a surgical intensive care unit received 50 mg @entity4140 (n = 200) or 200 mg @entity5616 (n = 200) daily. The drugs were administered continuously via an intravenous line. The mean duration of the treatment was 3.9 days. @entity1 were included in the study if no long-term ventilation was expected. In @entity1 with a stomach tube in place, the intragastric pH was determined every eight hours. Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible. Along with @entity548 , the development of @entity86 was documented. The intragastric pH was less than 4 significantly more often in @entity1 treated with @entity4140 . In @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , six stress bleedings were observed, while in the @entity4140 group three @entity548 episodes occurred. Seven of the nine @entity548 @entity1 were found to have a very high @entity548 risk. In mechanically ventilated @entity1 , a significantly higher risk of @entity55 was observed compared with non-ventilated @entity1 (18.0% vs 2.7%). Fourteen of the 20 @entity55 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 . In ventilated @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , the @entity55 rate was 28.6%, while in the @entity4140 group the @entity55 rate reached only 9.1% (p less than 0.05). The increased frequency of @entity55 in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 appears to be caused by overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in the stomach. @entity4140 provides adequate protection against @entity548 while also minimizing the danger of @entity55 caused by infection via the gastropulmonary route.

title: Prevention of @entity548 with XXXX or @entity4140 and the risk of @entity55 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['stress bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: In a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of @entity548 prophylaxis, 400 @entity1 in a surgical intensive care unit received 50 mg @entity4140 (n = 200) or 200 mg @entity5616 (n = 200) daily. The drugs were administered continuously via an intravenous line. The mean duration of the treatment was 3.9 days. @entity1 were included in the study if no long-term ventilation was expected. In @entity1 with a stomach tube in place, the intragastric pH was determined every eight hours. Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible. Along with @entity548 , the development of @entity86 was documented. The intragastric pH was less than 4 significantly more often in @entity1 treated with @entity4140 . In @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , six stress bleedings were observed, while in the @entity4140 group three @entity548 episodes occurred. Seven of the nine @entity548 @entity1 were found to have a very high @entity548 risk. In mechanically ventilated @entity1 , a significantly higher risk of @entity55 was observed compared with non-ventilated @entity1 (18.0% vs 2.7%). Fourteen of the 20 @entity55 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 . In ventilated @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , the @entity55 rate was 28.6%, while in the @entity4140 group the @entity55 rate reached only 9.1% (p less than 0.05). The increased frequency of @entity55 in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 appears to be caused by overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in the stomach. @entity4140 provides adequate protection against @entity548 while also minimizing the danger of @entity55 caused by infection via the gastropulmonary route.

title: Prevention of XXXX with @entity5616 or @entity4140 and the risk of @entity55 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['stress bleeding']


abstract: In a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of @entity548 prophylaxis, 400 @entity1 in a surgical intensive care unit received 50 mg @entity4140 (n = 200) or 200 mg @entity5616 (n = 200) daily. The drugs were administered continuously via an intravenous line. The mean duration of the treatment was 3.9 days. @entity1 were included in the study if no long-term ventilation was expected. In @entity1 with a stomach tube in place, the intragastric pH was determined every eight hours. Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible. Along with @entity548 , the development of @entity86 was documented. The intragastric pH was less than 4 significantly more often in @entity1 treated with @entity4140 . In @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , six stress bleedings were observed, while in the @entity4140 group three @entity548 episodes occurred. Seven of the nine @entity548 @entity1 were found to have a very high @entity548 risk. In mechanically ventilated @entity1 , a significantly higher risk of @entity55 was observed compared with non-ventilated @entity1 (18.0% vs 2.7%). Fourteen of the 20 @entity55 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 . In ventilated @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , the @entity55 rate was 28.6%, while in the @entity4140 group the @entity55 rate reached only 9.1% (p less than 0.05). The increased frequency of @entity55 in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 appears to be caused by overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in the stomach. @entity4140 provides adequate protection against @entity548 while also minimizing the danger of @entity55 caused by infection via the gastropulmonary route.

title: Prevention of @entity548 with @entity5616 or @entity4140 and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: In a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of @entity548 prophylaxis, 400 @entity1 in a surgical intensive care unit received 50 mg @entity4140 (n = 200) or 200 mg @entity5616 (n = 200) daily. The drugs were administered continuously via an intravenous line. The mean duration of the treatment was 3.9 days. @entity1 were included in the study if no long-term ventilation was expected. In @entity1 with a stomach tube in place, the intragastric pH was determined every eight hours. Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible. Along with @entity548 , the development of @entity86 was documented. The intragastric pH was less than 4 significantly more often in @entity1 treated with @entity4140 . In @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , six stress bleedings were observed, while in the @entity4140 group three @entity548 episodes occurred. Seven of the nine @entity548 @entity1 were found to have a very high @entity548 risk. In mechanically ventilated @entity1 , a significantly higher risk of @entity55 was observed compared with non-ventilated @entity1 (18.0% vs 2.7%). Fourteen of the 20 @entity55 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 . In ventilated @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , the @entity55 rate was 28.6%, while in the @entity4140 group the @entity55 rate reached only 9.1% (p less than 0.05). The increased frequency of @entity55 in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 appears to be caused by overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in the stomach. @entity4140 provides adequate protection against @entity548 while also minimizing the danger of @entity55 caused by infection via the gastropulmonary route.

title: Prevention of @entity548 with @entity5616 or XXXX and the risk of @entity55 .

answer: @entity4140 :: (MESH:D010890,Chemical) :: ['pirenzepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung protective ventilation using low end-inspiratory pressures and tidal volumes (VT) has been shown to impair alveolar recruitment and to promote derecruitment in @entity647 . The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two different end-inspiratory pressure levels on alveolar recruitment, alveolar derecruitment and potential overdistention at incremental levels of positive end-expiratory pressure. METHODS: Sixteen adult @entity742 were randomized to be ventilated with a peak inspiratory pressure of either 35 cm @entity2507 (P35, low VT) or 45 cm @entity2507 (P45, high VT) after saline washout-induced @entity651 . Positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) was increased in a stepwise manner from zero (ZEEP) to 7, 14 and 21 cm of @entity2507 in hourly intervals. Tidal volume, initially set to 12 ml kg(-1), was reduced according to the pressure limits. Computed tomographic scans during end-expiratory and end-inspiratory hold were performed along with hemodynamic and respiratory measurements at each level of @entity9239 . RESULTS: Tidal volumes for the two groups (P35/P45) were: 7.7 +/- 0.9/11.2 +/- 1.3 ml kg(-1) (ZEEP), 7.9 +/- 2.1/11.3 +/- 1.3 ml kg(-1) ( @entity9239 7 cm @entity2507 ), 8.3 +/- 2.5/11.6 +/- 1.4 ml kg(-1) ( @entity9239 14 cm @entity2507 ) and 6.5 +/- 1.7/11.0 +/- 1.6 ml kg(-1) ( @entity9239 21 cm @entity2507 ); P < 0.001 for differences between the two groups. Absolute nonaerated lung volumes during end-expiration and end-inspiration showed no difference between the two groups for given levels of @entity9239 , while tidal-induced changes in nonaerated lung volume (termed cyclic alveolar instability, CAI) were larger in the P45 group at low levels of @entity9239 . The decrease in nonaerated lung volume was significant for @entity9239 14 and 21 cm @entity2507 in both groups compared with ZEEP (P < 0.005). Over-inflated lung volumes, although small, were significantly higher in the P45 group. Significant @entity12906 was noted in the P35 group despite increases in the respiratory rate. CONCLUSION: Limiting peak inspiratory pressure and VT does not impair alveolar recruitment or promote derecruitment when using sufficient levels of @entity9239 .

title: Effects of end-inspiratory and end-expiratory pressures on alveolar recruitment and derecruitment in saline-washout-induced XXXX -- a computed tomography study.

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: This is an analysis of 304 @entity1 with invasive, previously untreated T1-T2 @entity957 of the glottic larynx treated with radiation therapy at the University of Florida between October 1964 and December 1984. All @entity1 had a minimum 2-year follow-up and 82% had at least 5 years of follow-up. @entity1 were excluded from the analysis of local control if they died within 2 years of treatment with the primary site continuously disease-free; all @entity1 were included in the analysis of treatment complications. @entity1 were staged according to the 1983 AJCC system. Stage T2 was subdivided into 2 groups as follows: T2a (normal mobility) and T2b (decreased mobility). The rates of local control with radiation therapy were as follows: T1, 159/171 (93%); T2a, 50/65 (77%); and T2b, 31/43 (72%). @entity1 were further divided into subsets based on T stage and the surgical procedure that would have been required to resect the lesion. Local control was noted to improve with higher doses and dose per fraction in 4 of 7 subsets. In 2 of 3 subsets where a dose-fractionation relationship was not observed, there were no local recurrences in 1 subset and only 2 local recurrences in the other. The overall incidence of serious complications was 5/304 (1.6%) and was associated with T stage and with increasing total dose and dose per fraction.

title: T1-T2 XXXX of the glottic larynx treated with radiation therapy: relationship of dose-fractionation factors to local control and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Some authors recommend a routine "protective" antireflux procedure (ARP) in @entity16 @entity1 undergoing feeding gastrostomy (FG). Over 4 years, we performed FG in 107 @entity16 @entity1 aged 1 month to 16 years. Ninety-eight had preoperative radiological assessment for @entity354 ( @entity354 ), which was documented in 44, of whom 33 had FG plus ARP and 11 had FG alone. Seven of the 11 subsequently developed symptomatic @entity354 and 5 of them had a secondary ARP. Of the 54 @entity1 with no demonstrable @entity354 preoperatively, 3 @entity1 underwent FG plus ARP. The remaining 51 had FG alone. There was one @entity204 . Of the 50 surviving @entity1 , 22 developed symptomatic @entity354 and 17 of these had a subsequent ARP. Mean follow-up of 20.0 months showed that the risk of developing @entity354 after FG alone was not influenced by age, sex, indication for FG, underlying diagnosis, or method of gastrostomy. There was no significant difference in mortality and early morbidity between @entity1 undergoing FG alone and those having FG with simultaneous or subsequent ARP. Only 44% of our @entity1 in whom @entity354 was not demonstrated initially developed symptomatic @entity354 followed FG alone. This incidence does not justify a routine "protective" ARP.

title: Feeding XXXX @entity1 : is an antireflux procedure necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologically impaired']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['gastrostomy in neurologically impaired']


abstract: Some authors recommend a routine "protective" antireflux procedure (ARP) in @entity16 @entity1 undergoing feeding gastrostomy (FG). Over 4 years, we performed FG in 107 @entity16 @entity1 aged 1 month to 16 years. Ninety-eight had preoperative radiological assessment for @entity354 ( @entity354 ), which was documented in 44, of whom 33 had FG plus ARP and 11 had FG alone. Seven of the 11 subsequently developed symptomatic @entity354 and 5 of them had a secondary ARP. Of the 54 @entity1 with no demonstrable @entity354 preoperatively, 3 @entity1 underwent FG plus ARP. The remaining 51 had FG alone. There was one @entity204 . Of the 50 surviving @entity1 , 22 developed symptomatic @entity354 and 17 of these had a subsequent ARP. Mean follow-up of 20.0 months showed that the risk of developing @entity354 after FG alone was not influenced by age, sex, indication for FG, underlying diagnosis, or method of gastrostomy. There was no significant difference in mortality and early morbidity between @entity1 undergoing FG alone and those having FG with simultaneous or subsequent ARP. Only 44% of our @entity1 in whom @entity354 was not demonstrated initially developed symptomatic @entity354 followed FG alone. This incidence does not justify a routine "protective" ARP.

title: Feeding @entity16 XXXX : is an antireflux procedure necessary?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Persistent clinical @entity644 (i.e., urinary protein excretion greater than 0.5 g/24 h) is an ominous development in a @entity1 with @entity6 . It eventually leads to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate and ultimately to @entity454 or premature cardiovascular mortality. Progression of @entity8 appears to be related to arterial blood pressure and protein intake and is primarily independent of the metabolic state. More sensitive immunoassays for detecting low concentrations of albumin in urine have led to recognition of subclinical increases in albumin excretion rates in nonclinically proteinuric @entity6 @entity1 , a phenomenon named microalbuminuria. Studies have shown that @entity1 with microalbuminuria have a significantly increased risk for clinical @entity644 and cardiovascular mortality. Microalbuminuria is rarely found during the first 5 yr of a @entity1 's @entity6 , suggesting that it is a sign of early @entity8 rather than a marker for susceptibility to it. In @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), an association has been found between microalbuminuria and @entity301 , but this relationship needs further investigation. In @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), this subclinical form of @entity644 is associated with poor metabolic control and, more important, with marginal elevation of blood pressure. Correction of @entity4854 by intensified insulin treatment might arrest progression to persistent clinical @entity644 ; moreover, restricted protein intake and lowering of blood pressure have been shown to reduce the albumin excretion rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Etiology and prognostic significance of albuminuria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether stress could be alleviated in @entity1 being treated for early @entity0 . DESIGN: Controlled randomised trial lasting six weeks. SETTING: Outpatient radiotherapy department in a teaching hospital. @entity1 : One hundred fifty four @entity1 with @entity0 or II after first session of six week course of radiotherapy, of whom 15 dropped out before end of study. INTERVENTION: @entity1 saw one of two researchers once a week for six weeks. Controls were encouraged to talk about themselves; relaxation group was taught concentration on individual muscle groups; relaxation and imagery group was also taught to imagine peaceful scene of own choice to enhance relaxation. Relaxation and relaxation plus imagery groups were given tape recording repeating instructions and told to practise at least 15 minutes a day. END POINT: Improvement of mood and of @entity308 and @entity148 on self rating scales. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Initial scores for profile of mood states and Leeds general scales for @entity308 and @entity148 were the same in all groups. At six weeks total mood disturbance score was significantly less in the intervention groups, @entity1 in the combined intervention group being more relaxed than those receiving relaxation training only; mood in the control group was worse. @entity1 aged 55 and over benefited most. There was no difference in Leeds scores among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with early @entity0 benefit from relaxation training.

title: Relaxation and imagery in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer stage I', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A recent study from a private endodontic practice compared "prophylactic" antibiotic (high-dose, 1-day) regimens of @entity11121 and @entity2929 (base or @entity9525 ) for @entity1 who had asymptomatic teeth with @entity39 and associated periapical radiolucent lesions (PN/PL). A 2.2% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for @entity114 (0.0%), base (2.9%), and @entity9525 (3.8%). No @entity56 responses occurred, and gastrointestinal side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (12.4%). To ascertain whether or not similar results would occur with student operators in a dental school clinic population, the current study was undertaken. One-hundred ninety-five @entity1 with quiescent PN/PL were randomly given either @entity11121 or @entity2929 (base or @entity9525 ). A 2.6% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for @entity114 (3.1%), base (1.5%), and @entity9525 (3.1%). No @entity56 responses occurred, and GI side effects were found primarily with the @entity70957 (17.7%). As can be seen, the results were very similar to those of the recent endodontic practice study. Hence, it can be concluded that the results of the previous endodontic practice study were not unique to any one clinician or method. A comparison was also made between the "prophylactic" @entity114 group of the current study and the placebo control group of our previous dental school clinic, student operator study (in which the methods, population, and regimen were almost identical to those of the current study). The results showed that the "prophylactic" @entity114 group had significant fewer flare-ups and non-flare-up-associated swelling and @entity158 than did the placebo group. In view of these findings and those from studies from the literature in which "prophylactic" antibiotics were not used, it is our opinion that the antibiotic regimens used in the current study should be a component of clinical endodontic therapy for quiescent PN/PL.

title: A prospective randomized trial on efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in asymptomatic teeth with XXXX and associated periapical pathosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity70957 :: ('CHEBI:23953', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycins']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9525 :: ('CHEBI:25629', 'Chemical') :: ['stearate']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin V']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['pulpal necrosis']


abstract: IgM @entity8 (IgMN) causes @entity1985 and is characterized by IgM mesangial deposits. It is speculated that these deposits are derived from circulating IgM aggregates or immune complexes, either of which would have a molecular weight heavier than that of normal IgM. To test this hypothesis the sera of 11 @entity1 with IgMN, five @entity1 with @entity1985 of other etiologies, and 13 normal controls were analysed for such heavy IgM. The serum samples were passed over a Biogel A5M molecular sieve column and the fractions were tested for IgM concentration by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The column effluent from the void volume to the IgM peak was divided into four equal regions, and the average IgM concentrations in each region were compared. The IgMN group had significantly higher IgM concentrations than normal controls in the heaviest region (0.81 +/- 0.84 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.17 micrograms/ml; P = 0.01) and in the lightest region (95.8 +/- 59.5 vs. 46.3 +/- 41.2 micrograms/ml; P = 0.02). Although the IgMN group appeared to have about double the IgM levels of the @entity1985 control group in all four regions, this was only significant in the lightest (19S) region. In serum samples from two IgMN @entity1 methods known to break antigen antibody bonds eliminated the heavy IgM; in one case we used gel filtration in @entity12159 and in another ultracentrifugation at pH 2.8. In addition, the heavy IgM in this second @entity1 exhibited complement fixation activity in a sandwich ELISA for IgM-C3 complexes. We conclude that IgMN @entity1 have circulating heavy IgM, which by preliminary studies probably consists of complement fixing IgM immune complexes.

title: Circulating heavy IgM in IgM XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity12159 :: ('MESH:C009941', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium thiocyanate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: The antiarrhythmic effects of @entity6237 were evaluated in 9 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity713 ( @entity713 ) @entity591 and 17 @entity1 with @entity591 . An electrophysiologic study was performed before and after intravenous @entity6237 , 2 mg/kg body weight, was infused over 15 minutes and was followed by a maintenance infusion of 1.6 mg/kg given over 1 hour to 26 @entity1 and during oral treatment to 15. Treatment with oral @entity6237 was continued for 14 +/- 5 months. Intravenous @entity6237 terminated @entity713 @entity591 by blocking the retrograde fast pathway conduction in 7 of 7 @entity1 and @entity591 by blocking retrograde conduction in the extranodal pathway in 10 of 10 @entity1 . @entity713 @entity591 and @entity591 were noninducible in 8 of 9 @entity1 (90%, p less than 0.001) and 11 of 17 @entity1 (65%, p less than 0.001), respectively. Long-term treatment with oral @entity6237 suppressed @entity713 @entity591 and @entity591 in 8 of 9 @entity1 (90%, p less than 0.001) and 11 of 17 @entity1 (65%, p less than 0.001), respectively. A favorable outcome was associated with block in the accessory pathway after intravenous @entity6237 and noninducibility during oral treatment. Recurrences preferentially occurred in the younger @entity1 . @entity6237 is effective in the acute and long-term management of paroxysmal supraventricular reentry @entity591 by suppressing conduction through the retrograde fast limb of the @entity591 circuit. The clinical effect can be predicted by electrophysiologic testing.

title: Electrophysiologic and clinical effects of XXXX for recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['Flecainide acetate', 'flecainide acetate']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['AV tachycardia', 'tachycardia', 'nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular', 'AV']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developed countries one-third of the population is infected with the gastric pathogen @entity1534 . In the early stages of @entity1534 -induced @entity3621 , typical symptoms include @entity356 and mucus depletions. Artificial mucus depletion was generated, demonstrating both consequent irritation and recovery processes in the mucosa. METHODS: The mucus depletion was examined by removing a small cylinder of mucus from the surface of the explanted @entity840 corpus mucosa, leaving the epithelial surface intact. pH microelectrodes were inserted into the mucosa in vitro, measuring the epicellular mucus pH, the pH(i) of the underlying epithelial cells and the pH inside the gastric glands during mucus regeneration. Using infrared microscopy, the same process of mucus layer renewal was followed in anaesthetized animals. RESULTS: The depletion exposed the tissue surface to low luminal pH levels. At a luminal pH of 2.5, a decrease was observed in the crypt outlet pH and surface cell pH(i), while deeper cells were less affected. However, a subsequent neutralization in the deep gland lumen was found. During the repair process, a quarter of the mucus layer was regenerated within the first 5 min. This newly secreted mucus formed a structure similar to that before depletion. Within 45 min, pH(i) and tissue-near pH values had fully recovered. CONCLUSION: Following mucus depletion, there is a decrease in surface cell pH(i) and crypt outlet pH values. The repair process is then characterized by extensive mucus secretion and local cessation of acid secretion.

title: Recovery from gastric mucus depletion in the intact XXXX mucosa.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric erosions']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity734 in a sample of Iranian nursing students. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Four hundred nursing students (85.25% were females and 14.25% were male) were assessed by a confidential questionnaire based on DSM-IV, which was distributed, completed by the students and collected in the same session. FINDINGS: Mean age of the females was 20.3 and of males was 22.8. Of the subjects, 27.3% (21.4% of females and 61% of males) reported usage of substance(s) once or more sometime during their lives: cigarette (25.3%), @entity167 (5.8%), @entity15149 (8.5%), @entity2072 (1.5%), hashish (1.5%), marijuana (0.8%) and @entity1286 (0.5%). Only 3.8% of the @entity1 (1.8% of females and 15.3% of males) reported still using substances: cigarettes (3.3%), @entity167 (1.7%), @entity15149 (0.8%), @entity2072 (0.5%) and marijuana (0.3%). About 11.8% of the subjects (10% of females and 22% of males) reported using of substances occasionally (at least once a month): cigarette (10.8%), @entity167 (3.5%), @entity15149 (4.3%), @entity2072 (0.5%) and hashish (0.3%). Some used or were using more than one substance. CONCLUSIONS: Substance use was significantly related to sex: higher among males than females. @entity286 and @entity15149 were found to be the most prevalent form of substance use among students. Pleasurable purposes, habit, need (to avoid withdrawal symptoms) and tension were the major reasons for substance use. There was no report of psychedelics use. These results are, however, different from those studies carried out in the west, although there is some overlap. Cultural attitudes toward substance use quite likely affect the types and patterns of use. These findings can be considered when planning preventive and therapeutic programmes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Substance use can reduce scientific progress and @entity4207 achievement of nursing students; therefore, authorities of the university must be able to assess the extent of the problem, understand the contributing factors, recognize signs and symptoms, and use educational interventions in identifying and preventing substance dependency.

title: XXXX : prevalence in a sample of nursing students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Substance abuse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between metabolic markers of @entity12320 and cognitive function in normal older adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Queen's University and St. Mary's of the Lake Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. @entity1 : Two hundred eighty-one cognitively normal, community-dwelling @entity1 aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Serum cobalamin, red blood cell @entity1501 , @entity65361 , @entity1255 , and @entity15744 were determined. Cognitive instruments included the California Verbal Learning Test, @entity303 Rating Scale, and the Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Inventory (Stroop). RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity65361 had a significant negative correlation with recall, learning, and discriminability (factor 1) of the California Verbal Learning Test after adjusting for age and sex (beta=-0.138, P=.019). Subjects with elevated @entity65361 had significantly lower scores (factor 1) than subjects with normal @entity65361 (P<.01). Bivariate analysis showed significant correlations between levels of @entity1255 and the Stroop score and between @entity2186 , @entity15744 , and @entity1255 and some scores of the California Verbal Learning Test, but these relationships did not remain significant after multivariate analysis. Subjects with high @entity1255 (tHcy) had lower Stroop scores than subjects with normal tHcy (P<.05). No biochemical parameters were associated with the @entity303 Rating Scale scores. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that, in normal elderly subjects, some cognitive scores are related to serum @entity65361 and possibly @entity1255 .

title: Metabolic markers of XXXX and cognitive function in normal older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65361 :: ('MESH:C031605', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcitric acid']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Mattis Dementia']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity12320 :: ('MESH:C564747', 'Disease') :: ['cobalamin deficiency']

answer: @entity12320 :: (MESH:C564747,Disease) :: ['cobalamin deficiency']


abstract: The use of temporary natural henna painting for body adornment and hair dyeing is very common in several countries of the Indian subcontinent, Middle East, and North Africa, and the fad is spreading in other parts of the world. Several cases of @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) contaminated, temporary traditional/natural henna induced sensitization and @entity56 have been reported, along with occasional serious long term and rare fatal consequences. We report here a 17-year-old @entity1 with blisters over her hands of five-days duration that appeared within 72 hours of applying a temporary henna paint to her hands during a social occasion. Similar lesions were noted on her face. She had previously applied black henna only once, a year earlier without developing any lesions. Clinical diagnosis of @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) was made. After a short course of oral @entity288 , topical @entity10438 furaote 1.0% cream, and oral antihistamines, the lesions healed completely over the next four weeks leaving @entity32 . Patch testing done with standard European battery, @entity10155 1% in petrolatum, and commercially available natural henna powder revealed a 3+ reaction to @entity10155 at 48 hours. No reaction was seen at the natural henna site. Awareness of the condition among physicians and the public and regulation regarding warnings of the risks of using such products is urgently warranted.

title: Acute XXXX due to @entity7227 after temporary henna painting.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['post-inflammatory hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'acute allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['para-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['acute allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone']

answer: @entity3408 :: (MESH:D017449,Disease) :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']


abstract: The use of temporary natural henna painting for body adornment and hair dyeing is very common in several countries of the Indian subcontinent, Middle East, and North Africa, and the fad is spreading in other parts of the world. Several cases of @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) contaminated, temporary traditional/natural henna induced sensitization and @entity56 have been reported, along with occasional serious long term and rare fatal consequences. We report here a 17-year-old @entity1 with blisters over her hands of five-days duration that appeared within 72 hours of applying a temporary henna paint to her hands during a social occasion. Similar lesions were noted on her face. She had previously applied black henna only once, a year earlier without developing any lesions. Clinical diagnosis of @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) was made. After a short course of oral @entity288 , topical @entity10438 furaote 1.0% cream, and oral antihistamines, the lesions healed completely over the next four weeks leaving @entity32 . Patch testing done with standard European battery, @entity10155 1% in petrolatum, and commercially available natural henna powder revealed a 3+ reaction to @entity10155 at 48 hours. No reaction was seen at the natural henna site. Awareness of the condition among physicians and the public and regulation regarding warnings of the risks of using such products is urgently warranted.

title: Acute @entity3408 due to XXXX after temporary henna painting.

answer: @entity7227 :: (MESH:C029728,Chemical) :: ['para-phenylenediamine']


abstract: Although it is well known that the skin in @entity1 with @entity483 becomes drier in winter, the mechanisms of winter deterioration of dry skin are not fully understood. Our purpose was to determine whether residual washing detergent in @entity2708 clothes plays a role in the winter deterioration of atopic dry skin. We studied 148 Japanese @entity1 with @entity483 who visited our dermatology clinic during winter months. They wore @entity2708 underwear, which they had washed in cold tap water. We examined the distribution of dry skin on their trunks. We then asked them to stop washing their clothes with common anionic, additive-enriched detergents, and to use a nonionic, additive-reduced detergent for a period of two weeks. Photographs of 2 or 3 representative dry skin sites on the trunk were taken before and after the trial. By comparing the before-after trial photographs, the severity of dry skin at the end of the trial was assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from markedly improved to worsened. Of the 148 @entity1 examined, 115 (78%) had widespread or localized dry skin on the trunk. The dryness of the skin was prominent around the shoulders. Of these 115 @entity1 , 87 (76%) showed marked or moderate improvement of dry skin after the two-weeks of use of the nonionic, additive-reduced washing detergent. No @entity1 showed worsening of the dry skin. These results suggest that residues of common washing detergents in @entity2708 underclothes play an important role in the winter deterioration of dry skin in @entity1 with @entity483 who use cold tap water for washing their clothes.

title: Residual washing detergent in XXXX clothes: a factor of winter deterioration of dry skin in @entity483 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: Although it is well known that the skin in @entity1 with @entity483 becomes drier in winter, the mechanisms of winter deterioration of dry skin are not fully understood. Our purpose was to determine whether residual washing detergent in @entity2708 clothes plays a role in the winter deterioration of atopic dry skin. We studied 148 Japanese @entity1 with @entity483 who visited our dermatology clinic during winter months. They wore @entity2708 underwear, which they had washed in cold tap water. We examined the distribution of dry skin on their trunks. We then asked them to stop washing their clothes with common anionic, additive-enriched detergents, and to use a nonionic, additive-reduced detergent for a period of two weeks. Photographs of 2 or 3 representative dry skin sites on the trunk were taken before and after the trial. By comparing the before-after trial photographs, the severity of dry skin at the end of the trial was assessed on a 5-point scale ranging from markedly improved to worsened. Of the 148 @entity1 examined, 115 (78%) had widespread or localized dry skin on the trunk. The dryness of the skin was prominent around the shoulders. Of these 115 @entity1 , 87 (76%) showed marked or moderate improvement of dry skin after the two-weeks of use of the nonionic, additive-reduced washing detergent. No @entity1 showed worsening of the dry skin. These results suggest that residues of common washing detergents in @entity2708 underclothes play an important role in the winter deterioration of dry skin in @entity1 with @entity483 who use cold tap water for washing their clothes.

title: Residual washing detergent in @entity2708 clothes: a factor of winter deterioration of dry skin in XXXX .

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: A good result from the heart-lung transplantation depends on the quality of the preservation of cardiopulmonary transplants. To determine the functional and pathological status of the @entity616 after preservation for several hours, we performed 10 heterologous heart-lung transplantations in @entity235 (weight 13.5 kg) under extracorporeal circulation. Weight and length compatibility between donor and receiver was ensured. Measurements of hemodynamics, lung mechanics and blood gases were performed in the donor and in the receiver before the transplantation, and in the receiver after heart-lung reimplantation. Histological studies were carried out by biopsy on the heart and on the lung of the donor before removal, at the beginning of the preservation at low temperature, after 3 h of @entity63 in cold, and every hour after recirculation in the @entity616 . Myocardial preservation was conducted with cold cardioplegia at 4 degrees C (Ringer lactate solution with high @entity972 ). Lung preservation was achieved by injecting a @entity7634 -Collins solution at 4 degrees C, with addition of @entity235 plasma, into the pulmonary artery; during the whole ischemic phase, the lung parenchyma was maintained at 0 degrees C, and inflated at a 10 cm @entity2507 pressure. After transplantation, we observed that cardiac output was low in all cases, with normal or subnormal pulmonary arterial pressure. Dynamic lung compliance was very low immediately after transplantation, and increased when restarting the circulation, but deteriorated again after several hours. At the same time alveolo-arterial O2 pressure difference and arterio-alveolar @entity515 pressure difference progressively increased, due to the extensive @entity73 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiorespiratory function and pathological findings in XXXX reimplanted after hypothermic preservation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gas exchange impairment']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung block']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['heart-lung block']


abstract: Because of the high rate of response in colorectal liver metastases, intra-arterial chemotherapy was studied in 14 @entity1 with isolated @entity0 . After extrahepatic metastasization had been ruled out, a catheter was placed surgically and connected to a cytostatic pump (in two cases) or to a subcutaneous infusion chamber (in 12 cases). Every four to six weeks, the @entity1 with an infusion chamber received a modified FAM treatment ( @entity1487 , @entity632 , @entity1138 ) for three days continuously. In 11 out of 14 @entity1 (79%) a clear @entity5 reduction was observed (duration of remission 11 months). In an average of six cycles of chemotherapy administered, a total of 50% of the @entity1 manifested local side effects (including two cases of @entity99 , one case of @entity253 ). Systemic side effects were negligible. Termination of therapy was necessitated by three catheter tip migrations and two @entity99 . Extrahepatic metastases occurred in six @entity1 . Here, the average latency period between diagnosis of the @entity5 and that of liver metastasis was significantly shorter (x = 9 months) than in the other @entity1 (x = 39 months). Intra-arterial chemotherapy thus represents a therapeutic method which, although complicated, is extremely effective in selected @entity1 with isolated @entity0 . A final evaluation must be subject to a randomized comparison with a systemic therapy.

title: [Regional therapy of isolated liver metastases from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['toxic hepatitis', 'thromboses of the hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In the 45 years since the first description of @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ; EC 2.3.1.6.), significant progress has been made in characterizing the molecular properties of this important neurotransmitter synthetic enzyme. We are now on the verge of understanding its genetic regulation and biological function(s). The @entity238 cDNA has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in both a eucaryotic and a procaryotic system. The levels of @entity4268 specific mRNA have been determined during @entity238 development. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been produced to the enzyme from a variety of sources and used for biochemical and immunocytochemical studies. Two well characterized genetic systems have identified the @entity4268 gene and described a series of useful alleles. As a nervous system specific protein expressed only in the subset of neurons using @entity934 as a neurotransmitter, @entity4268 is a good model for uncovering the processes and factors responsible for regulating genes involved in neurotransmitter phenotype selection and maintenance. Recent studies have described the purification of a cholinergic factor from muscle conditioned medium and indicated the potential importance of nerve growth factor (NGF) for regulating @entity4268 expression in the central nervous system. These factors, or ones remaining to be discovered, may be involved in the etiology or disease process of @entity14827 such as @entity195 .

title: Molecular biology and neurobiology of XXXX acetyltransferase.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity619 as an auxiliary therapeutic tool to the antibiotics in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity10217 . METHODS: A retrospective clinical comparative study was undertaken with @entity1 from a pediatric ward affected by laboratory proved @entity10217 at a university hospital. Cases of @entity1 in state of shock at admission or deceased in the first 24 hours were excluded. During the period from 1987 to 1989 33 @entity1 were treated only with antibiotics (group A), while from 1990 to 1993 other 66 @entity1 received additionally @entity619 (12mg/m2/24h) by intravenous route during four days beginning at the admission to the hospital (group B). The two groups were evaluated at baseline through prognostic scores and analysis of their clinical and laboratorial characteristics obtained from data recorded at the admission. The parameters to evaluate @entity619 efficacy were the comparative number of @entity149 detected at the hospital, and the liquoric profile (leukocyte count, @entity413 and protein content) verified between day 9 and day 11 of hospitalization. RESULTS: The profile of the two groups (A and B) were homogeneously evaluated by the illness severity scores and their clinical and laboratorial characteristics. Nine complications were recognized in group A (27.2%) and 21 (31.8%) among those of group B, difference not significant. Likewise, there were not observed liquoric differences between the two groups related to the chimiocytologic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: No effect of @entity619 therapy to prevent neurologic and @entity10217 was observed during hospitalization. Similarly no favorable effect in relation to the liquoric pattern verified between day 9 and day 11 of hospitalization was recognized.

title: [Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of @entity619 in XXXX ]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis', 'systemic meningococcal meningitis complications']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity10217 :: (MESH:D008585,Disease) :: ['meningococcal meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity619 as an auxiliary therapeutic tool to the antibiotics in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity10217 . METHODS: A retrospective clinical comparative study was undertaken with @entity1 from a pediatric ward affected by laboratory proved @entity10217 at a university hospital. Cases of @entity1 in state of shock at admission or deceased in the first 24 hours were excluded. During the period from 1987 to 1989 33 @entity1 were treated only with antibiotics (group A), while from 1990 to 1993 other 66 @entity1 received additionally @entity619 (12mg/m2/24h) by intravenous route during four days beginning at the admission to the hospital (group B). The two groups were evaluated at baseline through prognostic scores and analysis of their clinical and laboratorial characteristics obtained from data recorded at the admission. The parameters to evaluate @entity619 efficacy were the comparative number of @entity149 detected at the hospital, and the liquoric profile (leukocyte count, @entity413 and protein content) verified between day 9 and day 11 of hospitalization. RESULTS: The profile of the two groups (A and B) were homogeneously evaluated by the illness severity scores and their clinical and laboratorial characteristics. Nine complications were recognized in group A (27.2%) and 21 (31.8%) among those of group B, difference not significant. Likewise, there were not observed liquoric differences between the two groups related to the chimiocytologic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: No effect of @entity619 therapy to prevent neurologic and @entity10217 was observed during hospitalization. Similarly no favorable effect in relation to the liquoric pattern verified between day 9 and day 11 of hospitalization was recognized.

title: [Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of XXXX in @entity10217 ]

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: Little is known about radiosensitization produced by @entity9989 (IUDR) with high linear energy transfer radiation. Likewise, the effect of IUDR on repair of sublethal or potentially lethal damage is unclear. A series of in vitro experiments was performed examining these aspects of IUDR radiosensitization. @entity1 T1 cells were grown in the presence of 3.0 micromolar IUDR for 72 hours (approximately three doubling times), an exposure which resulted in minimal @entity137 to unirradiated cells. As the cells entered plateau phase they were exposed to X rays and a variety of heavy ion beams. Sensitization was found to decrease as linear energy transfer (LET) increased. No sensitization took place in an extremely high LET Lanthanum ion beam (1000 keV/micrometer). However, IUDR produced significant sensitization in the Neon ion beam currently used to treat @entity5 @entity1 at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Sensitization enhancement ratios at the 40% cell survival level were found to be 1.8 for X rays, 1.5 for the proximal Bragg peak of the clinical Neon beam, and 1.3 for the distal peak of the clinical Neon beam. Cell survival curves fitted to the linear-quadratic model showed IUDR significantly increased the value of the linear component (alpha) in beams with LETs below 40 keV/micron. The value of the quadratic component (beta) was unaffected by IUDR, regardless of LET. Split-dose experiments with both X rays and proximal peak Neon ions revealed IUDR did not affect sublethal damage repair. Similarly, delayed-plating experiments showed IUDR did not affect repair of potentially lethal damage. In contrast to cells unexposed to IUDR, IUDR-treated cells showed near-equal levels of cell killing throughout the extended Bragg peak of the clinical Neon beam. These findings suggest that the addition of IUDR to @entity70958 ion radiotherapy could enhance the therapeutic ratio of the clinical Neon beam.

title: Radiosensitization produced by XXXX with high linear energy transfer heavy ion beams.

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['iododeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity9989 :: (MESH:D007065,Chemical) :: ['iododeoxyuridine']


abstract: Administration of an elemental diet to @entity35 given @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip), results in 100% mortality from severe @entity1964 . Previous studies indicate that @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ), which is not present in elemental diets, is the preferred oxidative substrate for the gut and may facilitate intestinal recovery after injury. This study investigated the effects of a @entity1160 -supplemented elemental diet ( @entity7647 -ED) on nutritional status, intestinal morphometry, bacterial translocation and survival in this lethal model of @entity1944 . Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, @entity35 received an intragastric elemental diet supplemented with either 2% @entity7647 or an equivalent amount of @entity2228 (Control). After 4 days animals received either @entity1500 , 20 mg/kg ip, or saline ip and were killed 3 days later. The @entity7647 -ED resulted in significantly decreased weight loss, improved @entity1568 retention, and increased mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content of the jejunum and colon. In the second experiment @entity35 were assigned to diet as in the first experiment, but all animals received @entity1500 . Control diet animals died within 120 hrs of @entity1500 administration. The @entity7647 -ED group had significantly longer survival time and decreased mortality. In the third experiment animals were assigned to diet and @entity1500 as in the first experiment. Ninety-six hrs later aortic blood cultures revealed enteric @entity2259 in animals administered @entity1500 . @entity7647 -ED resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity2259 . These experiments showed that a @entity7647 -ED significantly improved nutritional status, decreased @entity1944 , decreased bacterial translocation, and resulted in improved survival in a lethal model of @entity1964 .

title: Effect of a @entity1160 -supplemented enteral diet on @entity1499 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['enterocolitis']


abstract: Administration of an elemental diet to @entity35 given @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip), results in 100% mortality from severe @entity1964 . Previous studies indicate that @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ), which is not present in elemental diets, is the preferred oxidative substrate for the gut and may facilitate intestinal recovery after injury. This study investigated the effects of a @entity1160 -supplemented elemental diet ( @entity7647 -ED) on nutritional status, intestinal morphometry, bacterial translocation and survival in this lethal model of @entity1944 . Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, @entity35 received an intragastric elemental diet supplemented with either 2% @entity7647 or an equivalent amount of @entity2228 (Control). After 4 days animals received either @entity1500 , 20 mg/kg ip, or saline ip and were killed 3 days later. The @entity7647 -ED resulted in significantly decreased weight loss, improved @entity1568 retention, and increased mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content of the jejunum and colon. In the second experiment @entity35 were assigned to diet as in the first experiment, but all animals received @entity1500 . Control diet animals died within 120 hrs of @entity1500 administration. The @entity7647 -ED group had significantly longer survival time and decreased mortality. In the third experiment animals were assigned to diet and @entity1500 as in the first experiment. Ninety-six hrs later aortic blood cultures revealed enteric @entity2259 in animals administered @entity1500 . @entity7647 -ED resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity2259 . These experiments showed that a @entity7647 -ED significantly improved nutritional status, decreased @entity1944 , decreased bacterial translocation, and resulted in improved survival in a lethal model of @entity1964 .

title: Effect of a @entity1160 -supplemented enteral diet on XXXX -induced @entity1964 .

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Administration of an elemental diet to @entity35 given @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip), results in 100% mortality from severe @entity1964 . Previous studies indicate that @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ), which is not present in elemental diets, is the preferred oxidative substrate for the gut and may facilitate intestinal recovery after injury. This study investigated the effects of a @entity1160 -supplemented elemental diet ( @entity7647 -ED) on nutritional status, intestinal morphometry, bacterial translocation and survival in this lethal model of @entity1944 . Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, @entity35 received an intragastric elemental diet supplemented with either 2% @entity7647 or an equivalent amount of @entity2228 (Control). After 4 days animals received either @entity1500 , 20 mg/kg ip, or saline ip and were killed 3 days later. The @entity7647 -ED resulted in significantly decreased weight loss, improved @entity1568 retention, and increased mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content of the jejunum and colon. In the second experiment @entity35 were assigned to diet as in the first experiment, but all animals received @entity1500 . Control diet animals died within 120 hrs of @entity1500 administration. The @entity7647 -ED group had significantly longer survival time and decreased mortality. In the third experiment animals were assigned to diet and @entity1500 as in the first experiment. Ninety-six hrs later aortic blood cultures revealed enteric @entity2259 in animals administered @entity1500 . @entity7647 -ED resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity2259 . These experiments showed that a @entity7647 -ED significantly improved nutritional status, decreased @entity1944 , decreased bacterial translocation, and resulted in improved survival in a lethal model of @entity1964 .

title: Effect of a XXXX -supplemented enteral diet on @entity1499 -induced @entity1964 .

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in two @entity565 @entity1 using inhaled corticosteroid who complained of odynophagia. The endoscopic finding was high grade with white moss (Grade III) in both @entity1 . @entity2910 is often recognized in bronchial @entity748 @entity1 receiving long-term @entity5023 (FP) dry powder (Diskhaler) inhalation. We therefore examined the complicated context of @entity2910 in @entity1 with long-term FP inhalation. Out of 20 bronchial @entity748 @entity1 who had been using FP inhalation long-term, seven showed signs of @entity2910 . Three @entity1 had mild grade (Grade I), one middle grade (Grade II) and three high grade (Grade III) candidiasis, with a frequency of 35%. This rate is higher than the usual spontaneous occurrence rate of @entity2910 , and it is suggested that inhalation of corticosteroid medication can penetrate into the esophagus after deep inhalation. We tested this hypothesis in two studies. 1) To measure the esophageal concentration of FP, four healthy adults inhaled 200 microg FP once. Right after inhalation, FP concentration in the esophageal washing fluid was 3.3 microg. On another day, 30 minutes after the same dose of inhaled FP, one FP concentration in the esophageal washing fluid was 0.67 microg (immediately laydown), and another was 0.11 microg (remained standing). This indicates that even though FP dissipates quickly, it remains in the esophagus 30 minutes after inhalation. 2) We observed the process in one @entity1 with high grade (Grade III) @entity2910 . The time of inhalation was changed from just after getting up and just before going to bed to before breakfast and before dinner. Under this regimen, the signs of @entity2910 improved from high to middle grade. CONCLUSION: If @entity748 @entity1 do not go to sleep immediately after FP inhalation, the remaining FP in the esophagus decreases rapidly, thereby decreasing the risk of @entity2910 . In addition, by changing the FP inhalation times to before breakfast and dinner, the remaining FP in the esophagus is washed away and does not remain in the esophagus. Therefore, this study, which avoided inhalation before going to bed, provides useful information for the prevention and improvement of @entity2910 .

title: [ XXXX as complication of inhaled steroid therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal candidiasis', 'Esophageal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity2910 :: (MESH:D004941,Disease) :: ['Esophageal candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The actual conditions regarding immediate type @entity5419 have not been fully understood. Appropriate countermeasures have not been taken so far. The objective of our research is to identify the actual conditions of immediate type @entity5419 in Japan for the purpose of contributing to future practices. SUBJECT: We conducted a survey on the @entity1 in collaboration with 2689 domestic hospitals which have pediatrics and more than 100 beds. We focused on these cases who presented with symptoms of @entity566 within 60 minutes of the intake of any offending food. RESULT: 60.4% of collaborators returned the questionnaire. We investigated 1420 cases in 498 hospitals. Average age of cases was 6.7+/-13.1 (Mean+/-SD). Ages not more than 8 years-old comprised 80.1% of the whole population. The most common offending foods were eggs, milk products, @entity3505 , buckwheat, fish and fruits. In addition, offending foods varied depending on age. The clinical symptoms appeared at 24.2 minutes+/-19.4 minutes (Mean+/-SD) after the intake of offending foods. The most common clinical symptom was observed on the skin and respiratory organs. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare amended the ministerial ordinance concerning the @entity566 food labeling system. Five major offending foods (eggs, milk, @entity3505 , buckwheat, and peanuts) were designated as ingredients to be specified on the label.

title: [The national survey of immediate type of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel 2-stage treatment with reductive surgery plus percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), which was previously unresectable. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for @entity157 , but the majority of @entity1 with advanced @entity157 are not suitable candidates. PIHP is a minimally invasive surgery that allows high-dose regional chemotherapy of the liver, and our phase II studies have shown its profound efficacy for the local control of advanced @entity157 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with multiple advanced @entity157 were enrolled in this prospective study. In the first stage, all @entity1 underwent reductive hepatectomy: major hepatectomy in 13 @entity1 and segmentectomy or less in 12. In 2 @entity1 with subsegmentectomy, the retropancreatic and periportal metastatic lymph nodes were synchronously resected. Regardless of the type of hepatectomy, all @entity1 routinely underwent cholecystectomy, and ligations of the right gastric artery and arterial collaterals of the remnant liver to increase the safety and efficacy of PIHP. In the second stage, PIHP with @entity632 60-120 mg/m2/treatment was planned for a period of 1 to 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Of 25 enrolled @entity1 , 22 successfully underwent PIHP an average of 1.8 times for the local control of residual @entity96 . In the remaining 3 @entity1 , PIHP was abandoned because 2 had rapid disease progression and 1 had @entity1578 after surgery. In 22 @entity1 with the 2-stage treatment, 19 (86%) had objective @entity5 control (10 complete remissions and 9 partial responses with a median response duration of 16 months). The actuarial survival rate of all 25 @entity1 was 42% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Reductive surgery plus PIHP produced a strong antitumoral effect on multiple advanced @entity157 , when liver function allows this concentrated treatment approach, and offers long-term survival in a subset of @entity1 who were previously deemed to have unresectable disease.

title: Reductive surgery plus percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion for multiple advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'multiple hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the features of pediatric @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 , identify the main ethiologic diagnoses and their clinical and laboratorial differences. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied the medical records from 167 @entity1 attended at a pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic. After analysis of the entire sample, the @entity1 were divided in groups according to their diagnosis. Those @entity1 with more than one diagnosis were arranged into a subgroup named multiple diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskall-Wallis test for numeric variables and chi-square test for non-numeric variables. RESULTS: The @entity1 age ranged from 3 to 17 years (median 9), the number of consultations ranged from 1 to 16 (median 2) and the period of attendance ranged from 1 to 37 months (median 4). The @entity158 was mainly periumbilical (35.8%) and crampy-like (76.1%). The main diagnoses found were chronic intestinal constipation (58.6%), intestinal @entity8143 (22.8%), and peptic disease (20.4%). In 34 @entity1 (20.3%) we were not able to establish the diagnosis. Among the groups, there was statistically significant difference in age (p=0.00003), number of consultations (p=0.00004), period of attendance (p=0.00001), kind of @entity158 (p=0.0003), intestinal habit (p=0.0002), stool features (p=0.0001), and evolution (p=0.0006). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that finding @entity347 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity490 is much more common than it was expected. The pediatrician always has to consider the possibility of multifactorial origin for these @entity1 ' complaints.

title: [Recurrent XXXX at the Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study assesses the relationship between students' confidence and competency in breast screening practices, compares different measurement approaches to these competencies, and assesses the effect on clinical breast examination (CBE) performance of an additional training session with a standardized @entity1 . METHOD: In the spring of 1998, 96 third-year medical students (47 @entity1 and 49 @entity1 ) at the University of Massachusetts Medical School completed knowledge items on @entity0 epidemiology and on perceived confidence in their counseling and CBE skills. The students were also rated on their performances of counseling and CBE skills. RESULTS: Higher levels of confidence in mammography counseling skills and higher interview skills scores were associated with higher mammography counseling scores. Confidence levels in performing CBE, however, were not related to the actual performances of CBE. Students' knowledge of @entity0 was modestly related to their CBE scores. Finally, the students with one extra training session with a standardized @entity1 performed significantly better on the CBE. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to directly measure students' @entity0 screening and physical examination skills because students' reported self-confidence for some skills might not accurately reflect their actual levels of performance. Additionally, while knowledge may be an important step to acquiring skills, knowledge may not be a good indicator of students' performances of risk assessment, counseling, or physical examination. Although confidence in counseling was related to counseling performance, the stability of this perception and how that translates into future cancer-control practices remain in question.

title: Assessing third-year medical students' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer screening skills']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intra-articular vascularisation of the synovial pannus in the knee of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with power Doppler ultrasonography (PDS) and an echo contrast agent and correlate the area under the time-intensity curves with the clinical findings and laboratory measures of disease activity. METHOD: Forty two @entity1 with @entity309 (31 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with history and signs of @entity625 , classified according to a modified index of @entity603 activity (active, moderately active, and inactive), were studied. Clinical and functional assessment (number of swollen joints, intensity of @entity158 , general health-visual analogue scale, disability index-Health Assessment Questionnaire, Ritchie articular index) and a laboratory evaluation were made on all @entity1 . Disease activity was evaluated using the disease activity score (DAS) and the @entity625 systemic index (CASI) for each @entity1 . All @entity1 were examined with conventional ultrasonography and PDS before injection of intravenous ultrasound contrast agent (Levovist). The quantitative estimation of the vascularisation of the synovial membrane was performed with time-intensity curves and calculation of the area under the curves. RESULTS: The mean (SD) value of the area underlying time-intensity curves was 216.2 (33.4) in @entity1 with active @entity603 , 186.8 (25.8) in @entity1 with moderately active @entity603 , and 169.6 (20.6) in those with inactive @entity603 . The mean value of the areas differed significantly between the @entity1 with active and those with inactive @entity603 (p<0.01). The mean value of the area under the curve of the entire group was weakly correlated with the number of swollen joints (p=0.038), but a strong correlation was found with composite indexes of disease activity such as the DAS (p=0.006) and CASI (p=0.01). No correlation was found with age, disease duration, and other laboratory and clinical variables. CONCLUSION: PDS may be a valuable tool to detect fractional vascular volume and to assist clinicians in distinguishing between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pannus. The transit of microbubbles of ultrasound contrast across a tissue can be used to estimate haemodynamic alterations and may have a role in assessing synovial activity and the therapeutic response to treatment of @entity603 of the knee joint.

title: Power Doppler sonography in the assessment of synovial tissue of the knee joint in XXXX : a preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['knee arthritis', 'chronic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic @entity1735 -binding protein participating in a variety of normal and pathologic processes, including @entity5 progression. This study was aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of galectin-3 expression in node-negative @entity957 (SCC). @entity1 AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using M3/38 monoclonal antibody, in a single-institution series of 73 node-negative laryngeal SCC @entity1 (median follow-up, 52 months; range, 2 to 90 months). RESULTS: Forty-two (57.5%) of 73 @entity1 expressed galectin-3. Galectin-3 expression was positively associated with @entity5 keratinization and histologic grade. A significant correlation was found between galectin-3 @entity5 positivity and longer relapse-free and overall survival. In univariate analysis, high-grade (grade 3 or 4) @entity5 , nonkeratinizing @entity5 , and galectin-3-negative @entity5 showed a significantly increased risk of relapse and @entity204 . In multivariate analysis, only galectin-3 expression retained an independent prognostic significance for both relapse-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the absence of galectin-3 expression is an independent negative prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC @entity1 . Thus, histochemical detection of galectin-3 in these @entity5 could be useful for the selection of node-negative @entity1 with potentially unfavorable outcomes, to establish adjuvant therapy protocols.

title: Lack of expression of galectin-3 is associated with a poor outcome in node-negative @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic @entity1735 -binding protein participating in a variety of normal and pathologic processes, including @entity5 progression. This study was aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of galectin-3 expression in node-negative @entity957 (SCC). @entity1 AND METHODS: Galectin-3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using M3/38 monoclonal antibody, in a single-institution series of 73 node-negative laryngeal SCC @entity1 (median follow-up, 52 months; range, 2 to 90 months). RESULTS: Forty-two (57.5%) of 73 @entity1 expressed galectin-3. Galectin-3 expression was positively associated with @entity5 keratinization and histologic grade. A significant correlation was found between galectin-3 @entity5 positivity and longer relapse-free and overall survival. In univariate analysis, high-grade (grade 3 or 4) @entity5 , nonkeratinizing @entity5 , and galectin-3-negative @entity5 showed a significantly increased risk of relapse and @entity204 . In multivariate analysis, only galectin-3 expression retained an independent prognostic significance for both relapse-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the absence of galectin-3 expression is an independent negative prognostic marker in laryngeal SCC @entity1 . Thus, histochemical detection of galectin-3 in these @entity5 could be useful for the selection of node-negative @entity1 with potentially unfavorable outcomes, to establish adjuvant therapy protocols.

title: Lack of expression of galectin-3 is associated with a poor outcome in node-negative XXXX with @entity957 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']