abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 60-item test of confrontation naming, may be administered either from Item 1 or Item 30, depending on assumptions of performance. If the BNT is administered from Item 30, 29 automatic credits are given for preceding items, allowing identical norms for either administration. We aimed to compare effects of automatic credits. METHOD: We compared effects of automatic credits in the Gothenburg Mild @entity73 Study, first between normal controls (n = 23) and @entity1 (n = 259), and then between the same @entity1 grouped by stage of impairment: @entity73 ( @entity73 , n = 75), @entity73 ( @entity73 , n = 117), or mild @entity303 (n = 67). RESULTS: Automatic credits added to all groups. Both administrations from Item 1 and those from Item 30 discriminated between controls (n = 23) and all @entity1 (n = 259), as well as between the above stages of impairment. However, neither administration discriminated between normal controls and @entity73 @entity1 . When earned scores were compared, with scores counted from Item 30 plus 29 automatic credits, mild @entity303 @entity1 on average received a 3.4-credit boost. This equals 82% of the standard deviation of Tallberg's Swedish norms [Brain and Language, 94(1), 19-31 (2005)] or 117% of our normal controls' standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: In our homogenous material, administration of BNT from Item 30 distinguished between stages of deterioration as well as administration from Item 1. In line with recent literature, we also find BNT results skewed. Thus, for clinical accuracy, we recommend use of cumulative percentages, careful consideration of education and demographic factors, and, most importantly, never to mix forms of administrations with and without automatic credits. While BNT automatic credits diminish accuracy on all levels, they inflate scores significantly for nonaphasic mild @entity303 @entity1 .

title: Boston Naming Test automatic credits inflate scores of nonaphasic mild XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'Cognitive Impairment', 'subjective cognitive impairment', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Boston Naming Test (BNT), a 60-item test of confrontation naming, may be administered either from Item 1 or Item 30, depending on assumptions of performance. If the BNT is administered from Item 30, 29 automatic credits are given for preceding items, allowing identical norms for either administration. We aimed to compare effects of automatic credits. METHOD: We compared effects of automatic credits in the Gothenburg Mild @entity73 Study, first between normal controls (n = 23) and @entity1 (n = 259), and then between the same @entity1 grouped by stage of impairment: @entity73 ( @entity73 , n = 75), @entity73 ( @entity73 , n = 117), or mild @entity303 (n = 67). RESULTS: Automatic credits added to all groups. Both administrations from Item 1 and those from Item 30 discriminated between controls (n = 23) and all @entity1 (n = 259), as well as between the above stages of impairment. However, neither administration discriminated between normal controls and @entity73 @entity1 . When earned scores were compared, with scores counted from Item 30 plus 29 automatic credits, mild @entity303 @entity1 on average received a 3.4-credit boost. This equals 82% of the standard deviation of Tallberg's Swedish norms [Brain and Language, 94(1), 19-31 (2005)] or 117% of our normal controls' standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS: In our homogenous material, administration of BNT from Item 30 distinguished between stages of deterioration as well as administration from Item 1. In line with recent literature, we also find BNT results skewed. Thus, for clinical accuracy, we recommend use of cumulative percentages, careful consideration of education and demographic factors, and, most importantly, never to mix forms of administrations with and without automatic credits. While BNT automatic credits diminish accuracy on all levels, they inflate scores significantly for nonaphasic mild @entity303 @entity1 .

title: Boston Naming Test automatic credits inflate scores of nonaphasic mild @entity303 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few objective measures of functional impairment to support clinical decision making in @entity1798 ( @entity179 ). OBJECTIVE: We present the validation (and reliability measures) of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. METHODS: In a prospective, 2-center study, 253 consecutive @entity1 were assessed using the TUG test. A representative cohort of 110 volunteers served as control subjects. The TUG test values were assessed for validity and reliability. RESULTS: The TUG test had excellent intra- (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.97) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.99), with a standard error of measurement of 0.21 and 0.23 seconds, respectively. The validity of the TUG test was demonstrated by a good correlation with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back (Pearson's correlation coefficient [PCC]: 0.25) and VAS (PCC: 0.29) leg @entity2531 (Roland-Morris Disability Index [PCC: 0.38] and @entity717 Index [PCC: 0.34]), as well as with health-related quality of life (Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary score [PCC: -0.25], Short Form-12 Physical Component Summary score [PCC: -0.32], and EQ-5D [PCC: -0.28]). The upper limit of "normal" was 11.52 seconds. Mild (lower than the 33rd percentile), moderate (33rd to 66th percentiles), and @entity73 (higher than the 66th percentile) as determined by the TUG test was <13.4 seconds, 13.4 to 18.4 seconds, and >18.4 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSION: The TUG test is a quick, easy-to-use, valid, and reliable tool to evaluate objective functional impairment in @entity1 with @entity1798 . In the clinical setting, @entity1 scoring a TUG test time of over 12 seconds can be considered to have functional impairment. ABBREVIATIONS: BMI, body mass indexDDD, @entity1797 , health-related quality of lifeICC, intraclass correlationLDH, lumbar disc herniationLSS, lumbar spinal stenosisODI, @entity717 IndexOFI, objective functional impairmentPCC, Pearson's correlation coefficientPCS, Physical Component SummaryRMDI, Roland-Morris Disability IndexSF, Short FormVAS, visual analog scale.

title: Validity and Reliability of a Measurement of Objective Functional Impairment in Lumbar XXXX : The Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc diseaseHRQOL']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['severe objective functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disc disease']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Disc Disease']


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity740 and tested @entity851 ( @entity851 , also known as @entity37911 / @entity37911 ) as it was found to be a @entity8 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity851 is a marker of @entity8 progression. Its @entity8 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , and in @entity1 with @entity740 . In the remnant kidney, @entity851 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity851 was identified in the @entity1188 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity1 expressed @entity851 protein. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity1 with @entity8 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity15901 ( @entity15901 )-to- @entity1011 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity644 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity1011 . Thus, @entity851 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity8 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( @entity37911 / @entity37911 ) is a biomarker of progressive XXXX across species.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric and polycystic kidney disease', 'kidney injury', 'increase in kidney disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1', 'HGFIN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct portion of the remnant kidney']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity740 and tested @entity851 ( @entity851 , also known as @entity37911 / @entity37911 ) as it was found to be a @entity8 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity851 is a marker of @entity8 progression. Its @entity8 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , and in @entity1 with @entity740 . In the remnant kidney, @entity851 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity851 was identified in the @entity1188 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity1 expressed @entity851 protein. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity1 with @entity8 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity15901 ( @entity15901 )-to- @entity1011 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity644 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity1011 . Thus, @entity851 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity8 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( XXXX / @entity37911 ) is a biomarker of progressive @entity8 across species.

answer: @entity37911 :: (10457,Gene) :: ['Gpnmb']


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity740 and tested @entity851 ( @entity851 , also known as @entity37911 / @entity37911 ) as it was found to be a @entity8 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity851 is a marker of @entity8 progression. Its @entity8 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , and in @entity1 with @entity740 . In the remnant kidney, @entity851 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity851 was identified in the @entity1188 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity1 expressed @entity851 protein. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity1 with @entity8 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity15901 ( @entity15901 )-to- @entity1011 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity644 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity1011 . Thus, @entity851 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity8 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( @entity37911 / XXXX ) is a biomarker of progressive @entity8 across species.

answer: @entity37911 :: (10457,Gene) :: ['Osteoactivin']


abstract: As acute ethanol exposure inhibits N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate (Glu) receptors, sudden withdrawal from chronic alcohol use may lead to an increased activation of these receptors with excitotoxic effects. In the longer term, brain levels of Glu and its metabolites, such as glutamine (Gln), are likely to be chronically altered by alcohol, possibly providing a measure of overall abnormal Glu-Gln cycling. However, few studies have assessed concentrations of these metabolites in clinical populations of individuals with @entity16223 . Glu and Gln levels were compared in groups of 17 healthy controls and in 13 @entity1 with @entity988 . Within the alcohol-dependent group, seven @entity1 had current @entity16223 ( @entity16223 ), and six had @entity16223 in remission for at least 1 year ( @entity16223 -R). Neurometabolite concentrations were measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H- @entity7748 ) in a predominantly gray matter voxel that included the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri. Tissue segmentation provided an assessment of the proportion of gray matter in the (1)H- @entity7748 voxel. The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC) and Form-90 were administered to all @entity1 to quantify alcohol consequences and use. Glu level was lower and Gln level was higher in the @entity16223 and @entity16223 -R groups relative to the control group; creatine, choline, myo-inositol, and total N-acetyl groups, primarily N-acetylaspartate did not differ across groups. These results were not confounded by age, sex, or proportion of gray matter in the (1)H- @entity7748 voxel. Neurometabolite concentrations did not differ between @entity16223 and @entity16223 -R groups. Subsequent regressions in the combined clinical group, treating voxel gray matter proportion as a covariate, revealed that total score on the DrInC was positively correlated with Gln but negatively correlated with both Glu and gray matter proportion. Regression analyses, including DrInC scores and smoking variables, identified a marginal independent effect of smoking on Gln. The current findings of higher Gln and lower Glu in the combined @entity16223 and @entity16223 -R groups might indicate a perturbation of the Glu-Gln cycle in @entity16223 . The absence of differences in mean Glu and Gln between the @entity16223 and @entity16223 -R groups suggests that altered Glu-Gln metabolism may either predate the onset of abuse or persist during prolonged abstinence.

title: Perturbation of the glutamate-glutamine system in XXXX and remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcohol dependence']

entities_list: @entity16223 :: ('MESH:D019973', 'Disease') :: ['alcohol use disorder', 'alcohol use disorders', 'AUD']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcohol dependence']


abstract: The effect of four semi-purified compounds obtained from Mandevilla velutina crude extract by @entity3440 gel chromatography fractionization were analysed for their inhibitory effects on uterine contractions induced by @entity1812 (BK), @entity17230 (L-BK), @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity398 , in vitro. None of the compounds tested affected uterine tone. Pre-incubation for 20 min with fraction 12 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1), isolated from M. velutina produced a parallel and concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the concentration-response curves for BK and L-BK (1 to 1000 nM). Schild plots of these data were linear (correlation close to unity) and yielded a nominal pA2 value (as g ml-1) of 5.1 and 4.9, respectively, and the values of the slopes were not significantly different from unity. Fraction 11 (10 to 40 micrograms ml-1) also produced a parallel and concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the BK concentration-response curve. The Schild plot gave a mean pA2 value (g ml-1) of 5.4 and a slope not significantly different from unity. Fraction 12 did not influence the uterine contractile responses induced by @entity1617 (0.1 to 100 microM) and @entity398 (0.01 to 30 miu ml-1) at concentrations less than 80 micrograms ml-1. Fraction 16 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1) antagonized the action of BK only at concentrations greater than 40 micrograms ml-1, whereas fraction 5 (20 to 80 micrograms ml-1) was completely inactive against BK-induced responses. 5 As observed previously with the crude extract, the onset of the BK antagonistic action of these compounds was rapid and completely reversible following intermittent washing of the preparation for 30-60 min. 6 These results indicate the existence of at least two compounds in the crude extract of Mandevilla velutina that act as competitive and selective kinin antagonists on the isolated uterus of the @entity35 .

title: Kinin antagonist activity of compounds from Mandevilla velutina in the XXXX isolated uterus.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity17230 :: ('MESH:D007609', 'Chemical') :: ['lysylbradykinin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1259 plus @entity1311 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity137 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity1259 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity1311 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity619 , @entity3974 , @entity3933 and @entity4444 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity56 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity5 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity137 (including @entity1431 and @entity1902 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity2359 and @entity1665 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity137 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX plus @entity1311 in cases of locally advanced @entity0 --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteric reactions']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1259 plus @entity1311 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity137 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity1259 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity1311 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity619 , @entity3974 , @entity3933 and @entity4444 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity56 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity5 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity137 (including @entity1431 and @entity1902 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity2359 and @entity1665 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity137 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1259 plus @entity1311 in cases of locally advanced XXXX --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity1259 plus @entity1311 was administered to 75 @entity1 (including a 2-cycle group of 39 @entity1 and a 4-cycle group of 36 @entity1 ) with locally advanced @entity0 (35 cases of stage IIb, 28 of stage IIIa, 12 of stage IIIb) to compare efficacy and @entity137 of 2 cycle and 4 cycle regimens. All @entity1 were female. They were treated with @entity1259 60 mg/m2, on day 1, by i.v., followed by @entity1311 150 mg/m2, by 3 hour continuous infusion on day 2 repeated every 3 weeks. Premedication with @entity619 , @entity3974 , @entity3933 and @entity4444 were administered to prevent gastroenteritic and @entity56 before chemotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were given 2 cycles and thirty-six were given 4 cycles of this regimen. One of 39 @entity1 had complete response, 28 had partial response and 10 had no change in the 2-cycle group. In addition, 21 of 36 @entity1 had complete response (including 9 who had pathologic complete response), 13 had partial response and 2 had no change. The response rates were 74% (29/39) in the 2-cycle group and 94% (34/36) in the 4-cycle group. There were no progressive disease in these 2 groups. However a higher proportion of PR was observed in stage II @entity1 than in stage III @entity1 . Twelve of 36 @entity1 underwent breast conserving surgery, as @entity5 size had become smaller and down-staging was realized after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, axillary lymph nodes were palpable in all 75 @entity1 before neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the ET regimen. But 46% (18/39) in the 2-cycle group and 75% (27/36) in the 4-cycle group became impalpable. Conversely, major @entity137 (including @entity1431 and @entity1902 ) were similar in both groups, but @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity2359 and @entity1665 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group. In the present study, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a 4-cycle ET regimen was more effective than with a 2-cycle regimen in down staging locally advanced @entity0 . Although major @entity137 were more severe in the 4-cycle group than in the 2-cycle group, the regimen was tolerable and safe.

title: [Clinical evaluation of effects from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1259 plus XXXX in cases of locally advanced @entity0 --comparative study of treatment with 2 and 4 cycles].

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: An umbilical metastasis of @entity356 is known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. It ordinarily indicates a poor prognosis because umbilical metastasis often develops with peritoneal dissemination. Herein, we report a case of umbilical metastasis of @entity356 that showed good response to chemotherapy, including the oral anticancer agent TS-1. The @entity1 was a 55-year-old @entity1 in which @entity356 was found by upper gastrointestinal series. Physical examination revealed an umbilical nodule that had an irregular surface and a hard consistency. Ultrasonography showed a 15 x 10 mm hypoechoic mass under the umbilicus. Core needle biopsy of the umbilical mass revealed @entity420 . Peritoneal dissemination was proved by diagnostic laparoscopy. Oral anticancer agent TS-1 was administered with low-dose @entity900 . The @entity1819 and umbilical nodule showed marked response to the chemotherapy and the response continued for 20 months. The @entity1 died of disease progression 31 months after the initiation of the treatment.

title: [A case of @entity356 with umbilical metastasis that responded to TS-1 with low-dose XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cis-platinum']


abstract: An umbilical metastasis of @entity356 is known as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. It ordinarily indicates a poor prognosis because umbilical metastasis often develops with peritoneal dissemination. Herein, we report a case of umbilical metastasis of @entity356 that showed good response to chemotherapy, including the oral anticancer agent TS-1. The @entity1 was a 55-year-old @entity1 in which @entity356 was found by upper gastrointestinal series. Physical examination revealed an umbilical nodule that had an irregular surface and a hard consistency. Ultrasonography showed a 15 x 10 mm hypoechoic mass under the umbilicus. Core needle biopsy of the umbilical mass revealed @entity420 . Peritoneal dissemination was proved by diagnostic laparoscopy. Oral anticancer agent TS-1 was administered with low-dose @entity900 . The @entity1819 and umbilical nodule showed marked response to the chemotherapy and the response continued for 20 months. The @entity1 died of disease progression 31 months after the initiation of the treatment.

title: [A case of XXXX with umbilical metastasis that responded to TS-1 with low-dose @entity900 ].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: AIM: To examine the association between parity and @entity356 (the cases are almost all premenopausal @entity1 ) risk in a cohort of young parous @entity1 . METHODS: The study cohort consisted of all @entity1 with a record of a first and singleton childbirth in the Birth Register between 1978 and 1987. We tracked each @entity1 from the time of her first childbirth to December 31, 2008. Their vital status was ascertained by linking records to the computerized mortality database. @entity797 proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios of death from @entity356 associated with parity. RESULTS: There were 1090 @entity356 deaths (85.87% of them were premenopausal) during 33 686 828 @entity1 -years of follow-up. The mortality rate of @entity356 was 3.24 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years. A trend of increasing risk of @entity356 was seen with increasing parity. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.24 [confidence interval (95% CI): 1.02-1.50] for @entity1 who had borne two to three @entity1 , and 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01-1.72) for @entity1 with four or more births, when compared with @entity1 who had given birth to only one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that higher parity may increase the risk of death from @entity356 among premenopausal @entity1 .

title: Higher parity associated with higher risk of death from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'person', 'child']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity547 service within a general hospital was prospectively evaluated to establish whether evidence-based protocols could deliver results comparable to those reported from specialist @entity547 clinics. METHODS: Protocols were devised according to established models. With the support of a nurse specialist, 1015 @entity1 with @entity169 were treated. Quality-of-life analysis was undertaken using the Short Form 36. RESULTS: @entity1 ranged in age from 16-98 years (median, 56 years). Ambulatory day-case surgery was achieved in 820 @entity1 (81%), with local anaesthesia in 891 (88%). @entity2737 occurred in 10 @entity1 (0.98%). Wound haematoma requiring surgical intervention occurred in three @entity1 . Two @entity1 formed wound seromas that settled spontaneously. One @entity1 developed @entity11570 resulting in @entity194 . At 5 days after operation, 91% of @entity1 had returned to normal activity. At 1 year, 7 @entity1 (0.7%) had @entity158 sufficient to limit normal activity or employment. There were 8 recurrences (0.78%) at a median follow-up of 2.5 years. Quality-of-life was enhanced at 1 year postoperatively. CONCLUSION: A protocol-driven @entity547 service within a general hospital can provide @entity1 outcomes comparable to specialist @entity547 clinics.

title: A prospective study of 1000 XXXX : results of the Plymouth Hernia Service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11570 :: ('MESH:D009920', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic orchitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: This study describes the actions of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) on the salivary gland cells of Helisoma. Perfusion of the salivary gland cells with @entity1617 produces a long-lasting depolarization accompanied by an increase in the input conductance of the gland cells. The depolarization is often followed by a long-lasting hyperpolarization. @entity5402 , @entity30715 , and @entity1877 also produce depolarizing responses. @entity1239 and @entity2134 produce only a small depolarization in the gland cells. The following cholinergic antagonists are effective in blocking the gland-cell response to @entity1617 : @entity5128 , @entity3897 , @entity4033 , @entity2899 , and @entity1026 . A new preparation, the "isolated acinus," was utilized to obtain the reversal potential of the @entity1617 response. The mean reversal potential in 10 preparations was -7 +/- 8 mV. The depolarizing phase of the response is dependent on the presence of both external @entity460 and external @entity1372 ions. The long-lasting hyperpolarization is produced by the activity of an electrogenic @entity1372 - @entity972 pump. The properties of the @entity934 receptors on the salivary gland cells of Helisoma are compared with those described in other gastropod preparations.

title: XXXX -induced responses in the salivary gland cells of Helisoma trivolvis.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamylcholine']

entities_list: @entity30715 :: ('MESH:C027917', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: 1. Central @entity409 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity146 @entity1 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity146 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity7601 / @entity46076 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity1 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity1 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity1 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of XXXX 5 @entity7601 polymorphism in Brazilian @entity146 inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['serotonergic dysfunction']

answer: @entity46076 :: (c|SUB|T|102|C,DNAMutation) :: ['T102C']


abstract: 1. Central @entity409 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity146 @entity1 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity146 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity7601 / @entity46076 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity1 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity1 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity1 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of @entity46076 5 @entity7601 polymorphism in Brazilian XXXX inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: 1. Central @entity409 and genetic factors are associated with suicidal behavior in @entity146 @entity1 . The goal of this study was to examine the association between the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian @entity146 inpatients. 2. We studied 225 subjects. Genotypic frequencies were obtained after DNA extraction and the region of @entity7601 / @entity46076 containing the polymorphic site amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme HpaII. 3. No differences were found between @entity1 with and without suicide attempt history. @entity1 with a history of severe suicide attempts also did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies when compared with @entity1 without a suicide attempt history. 4. These results suggest that the @entity7601 gene polymorphism ( @entity46076 ) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

title: Analysis of @entity46076 5 XXXX polymorphism in Brazilian @entity146 inpatients: relationship with suicidal behavior.

answer: @entity7601 :: (3356,Gene) :: ['HT2A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation of sympotoms of @entity7662 and @entity27 . METHODS: A total of 131 @entity1 that proved to suffer from @entity7662 by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were enrolled.These @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the position of @entity7662 (Group A: internal carotid @entity2791 ; Group B : @entity9085 ; Group C: internal carotid artery and @entity9085 ). All the @entity1 underwent apolysomnography( @entity15203 ) and correlative parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of 131 cases of @entity7662 , SAHS @entity1 was up to 106 cases (81%). The incidence of SAHS between the three groups had no significant difference. But the @entity27 index (AHI), the average @entity26 desaturation index (AODI) of group B and group C were higher than those of group A. The events of @entity387 of Group C is higher than Group A. CONCLUSION: There is a high morbidity rate of SAHS in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity7662 . The morbidity rate of SAHS has no significant difference with the section of @entity455 . But the degree of SAHS is heavier in the @entity1 that with @entity9085 , @entity9085 , the lateral appears to experience various types of @entity386 events.

title: [Studies about the correlation of XXXX with symptomatic @entity7662 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral basilar artery stenosis', 'internal-vertebral basilar artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7662 :: ('MESH:D002539', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral artery stenosis']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation of sympotoms of @entity7662 and @entity27 . METHODS: A total of 131 @entity1 that proved to suffer from @entity7662 by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were enrolled.These @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the position of @entity7662 (Group A: internal carotid @entity2791 ; Group B : @entity9085 ; Group C: internal carotid artery and @entity9085 ). All the @entity1 underwent apolysomnography( @entity15203 ) and correlative parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of 131 cases of @entity7662 , SAHS @entity1 was up to 106 cases (81%). The incidence of SAHS between the three groups had no significant difference. But the @entity27 index (AHI), the average @entity26 desaturation index (AODI) of group B and group C were higher than those of group A. The events of @entity387 of Group C is higher than Group A. CONCLUSION: There is a high morbidity rate of SAHS in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity7662 . The morbidity rate of SAHS has no significant difference with the section of @entity455 . But the degree of SAHS is heavier in the @entity1 that with @entity9085 , @entity9085 , the lateral appears to experience various types of @entity386 events.

title: [Studies about the correlation of @entity27 with symptomatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity7662 :: (MESH:D002539,Disease) :: ['cerebral artery stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity311 is a life-threatening medical emergency and requires prompt and effective treatment to prevent @entity204 . There is paucity of published information on current practices of severe @entity311 case management in sub-Saharan Africa; we evaluated the management practices for severe @entity311 in Ugandan health facilities METHODS AND FINDINGS: We did a cross sectional survey, using multi-stage sampling methods, of health facilities in 11 districts in the eastern and mid-western parts of Uganda. The study instruments were adapted from the WHO hospital care assessment tools. Between June and August 2009, 105 health facilities were surveyed and 181 health workers and 868 @entity1 /caretakers interviewed. None of the inpatient facilities had all seven components of a basic care package for the management of severe @entity311 consistently available during the 3 months prior to the survey. Referral practices were appropriate for <10% (18/196) of the @entity1 . Prompt care at any health facility was reported by 29% (247/868) of @entity1 . Severe @entity311 was correctly diagnosed in 27% of @entity1 (233).Though the @entity4807 dose and regimen was correct in the majority (611/868, 70.4%) of @entity1 , it was administered in the correct volumes of 5% @entity413 in only 18% (147/815). Most @entity1 (80.1%) had several doses of @entity4807 administered in one single 500 ml bottle of 5% dextrose. Medications were purchased by 385 (44%) @entity1 and medical supplies by 478 @entity1 (70.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Management of severe @entity311 in Ugandan health facilities was sub-optimal. These findings highlight the challenges of correctly managing severe @entity311 in resource limited settings. Priority areas for improvement include triage and emergency care, referral practises, quality of diagnosis and treatment, availability of medicines and supplies, training and support supervision.

title: Case management of severe XXXX --a forgotten practice: experiences from health facilities in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze visual outcomes after @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with previous corneal refractive surgery. SETTING: @entity231 surgery clinics in 18 European countries and Australia. DESIGN: Database study. METHODS: Cases of @entity231 extraction with corneal refractive surgery eyes (corneal refractive cases) were identified from all @entity231 extractions reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity231 and Refractive Surgery database over a 5-year period. Preoperative and postoperative measurements and trends over time were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 807,220 @entity231 extractions, 1229 (0.15%) were corneal refractive cases. There was a significant increase, over time, in the number of corneal refractive cases (P < .001). Corneal refractive @entity1 were younger than @entity1 without corneal refractive surgery (nonrefractive @entity1 ) (62.9 years versus 74.0 years; P < .001) but had similar mean preoperative and postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) (preoperative logMAR 0.44[6/16] for both [P = .286]; postoperative logMAR 0.06[6/7] for both [P = .245]). Postoperative CDVA was worse than preoperative CDVA in 35 (4%) corneal refractive and 8,999 (1.5%) nonrefractive @entity1 (P  <  .001). In all, 74 (8.5%) of 873 corneal refractive versus 16,566 (2.8%) /584,496 nonrefractive @entity1 , having @entity231 surgery, had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0[6/6] or better (P < .001). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 corneal refractive case @entity1 who had worse postoperative CDVA had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. CONCLUSION: @entity231 surgery has been reported with increasing frequency in corneal refractive surgery @entity1 , since 2008. These @entity1 had preoperative CDVA similar to those of @entity1 without previous corneal refractive surgery but were younger and were at higher risk of worse postoperative CDVA, especially if they had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has any financial or proprietary interest in any material, or method, mentioned.

title: XXXX surgery outcomes in corneal refractive surgery eyes: Study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity231 and Refractive Surgery.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'Cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze visual outcomes after @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with previous corneal refractive surgery. SETTING: @entity231 surgery clinics in 18 European countries and Australia. DESIGN: Database study. METHODS: Cases of @entity231 extraction with corneal refractive surgery eyes (corneal refractive cases) were identified from all @entity231 extractions reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity231 and Refractive Surgery database over a 5-year period. Preoperative and postoperative measurements and trends over time were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 807,220 @entity231 extractions, 1229 (0.15%) were corneal refractive cases. There was a significant increase, over time, in the number of corneal refractive cases (P < .001). Corneal refractive @entity1 were younger than @entity1 without corneal refractive surgery (nonrefractive @entity1 ) (62.9 years versus 74.0 years; P < .001) but had similar mean preoperative and postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) (preoperative logMAR 0.44[6/16] for both [P = .286]; postoperative logMAR 0.06[6/7] for both [P = .245]). Postoperative CDVA was worse than preoperative CDVA in 35 (4%) corneal refractive and 8,999 (1.5%) nonrefractive @entity1 (P  <  .001). In all, 74 (8.5%) of 873 corneal refractive versus 16,566 (2.8%) /584,496 nonrefractive @entity1 , having @entity231 surgery, had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0[6/6] or better (P < .001). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 corneal refractive case @entity1 who had worse postoperative CDVA had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. CONCLUSION: @entity231 surgery has been reported with increasing frequency in corneal refractive surgery @entity1 , since 2008. These @entity1 had preoperative CDVA similar to those of @entity1 without previous corneal refractive surgery but were younger and were at higher risk of worse postoperative CDVA, especially if they had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has any financial or proprietary interest in any material, or method, mentioned.

title: @entity231 surgery outcomes in corneal refractive surgery eyes: Study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for XXXX and Refractive Surgery.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) stress @entity174 during @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for routine @entity231 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity2790 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity2790 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity1 were examined for @entity1642 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity1642 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity1642 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity1642 rate for @entity2790 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity2790 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity2790 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity1642 were observed. Among @entity1642 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity174 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity2790 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity1642 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity174 is recognizable risk during @entity231 surgery. Risk factors for @entity1642 include @entity2790 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity1642 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative XXXX stress @entity174 during @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['smaller IOL delivery', 'IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['IOL stress fractures', 'IOL stress fracture']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['intraocular lens']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) stress @entity174 during @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for routine @entity231 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity2790 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity2790 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity1 were examined for @entity1642 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity1642 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity1642 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity1642 rate for @entity2790 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity2790 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity2790 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity1642 were observed. Among @entity1642 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity174 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity2790 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity1642 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity174 is recognizable risk during @entity231 surgery. Risk factors for @entity1642 include @entity2790 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity1642 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative @entity2790 stress XXXX during @entity231 surgery.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and risk factors of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) stress @entity174 during @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Ivey Eye Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized cohort study. METHODS: @entity1 scheduled for routine @entity231 surgery were randomized into 2 study groups. The 2 groups only differed in the use of Monarch @entity2790 delivery cartridges for insertion of an Acrysof IQ SN60WF @entity2790 . The cartridge C group used Monarch cartridge C, and the cartridge D group used Monarch cartridge D. @entity1 were examined for @entity1642 . RESULTS: A total of 386 study eyes were enrolled. The overall incidence of @entity1642 was 6.22%. The incidence of @entity1642 with cartridge C and cartridge D groups were 3.16% and 9.18%, respectively (P = .01). The @entity1642 rate for @entity2790 power less than 18.0 D was 3.45%, @entity2790 power between 18.0 D to 23.5 D was 6.49%, and @entity2790 power over 23.5 D was 10.81%. A total of 24 @entity1642 were observed. Among @entity1642 , 45.8% were equal to or less than 1.0 mm in length. Two thirds of stress @entity174 were located over the central 4 mm of the @entity2790 optic. No subjective adverse visual outcomes were reported from any of the observed @entity1642 . CONCLUSION: Intraocular lens stress @entity174 is recognizable risk during @entity231 surgery. Risk factors for @entity1642 include @entity2790 cartridges and IOLs of higher refractive powers. There was a low risk for @entity1642 resulting in adverse subjective visual outcomes.

title: Prospective evaluation of intraoperative @entity2790 stress @entity174 during XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Single-stage posterior corpectomy for the management of @entity5 has been well described. Anterior column reconstruction has been accomplished using polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ) or expandable cages (EC). The aim of this retrospective study was to compare @entity4625 versus ECs in anterior vertebral column reconstruction after posterior corpectomy for @entity5 in the lumbar and thoracolumbar spine. Between 2006 and 2009 we identified 32 @entity1 that underwent a single-stage posterior extracavitary @entity5 resection and anterior reconstruction, 16 with @entity4625 and 16 with EC. There were no baseline differences in regards to age (mean: 58.2  years) or performance status. Differences between groups in terms of survival, estimated @entity190 (EBL), @entity1513 reduction (decrease in Cobb's angle), @entity158 , functional outcomes, and performance status were evaluated. Mean overall survival and EBL were 17  months and 1165  ml, respectively. No differences were noted between the study groups in regards to survival (p  =  0.5) or EBL (p  =  0.8). There was a trend for better @entity1513 reduction in favor of the EC group (10.04 vs. 5.45, p  =  0.16). No difference in performance status or VAS improvements was observed (p  >  0.05). Seven @entity1 had complications that led to reoperation (5 infections). @entity4625 or ECs are viable options for reconstruction of the anterior vertebral column following @entity5 resection and corpectomy. Both approaches allow for correction of the @entity85 , and stabilization of the anterior vertebral column with similar functional and performance status outcomes in the lumbar and thoracolumbar area.

title: Comparison of polymethylmethacrylate versus expandable cage in anterior vertebral column reconstruction after posterior extracavitary corpectomy in lumbar and thoraco-lumbar metastatic spine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['kyphosis', 'Kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Intrabronchial laser has become the reference method for palliative destruction of @entity5 . Cryotherapy, which destroys @entity5 by cold-induced lesion at -89.5 degrees C, has recently been introduced. Over a 3-month period, 8 @entity1 with malignant or benign proliferative stenosis of the main bronchi and @entity825 were treated by laser through a flexible Bronchoscope, under general anaesthesia. During the same period, 8 @entity1 were treated by cryotherapy through a non-rigid probe passed into a bronchoscope, under general anaesthesia; 5 of these @entity1 had malignant intrabronchial lesions and 3 had benign or low-malignancy lesions (hamartochondroma, @entity2347 ). Destruction by laser was relatively or absolutely contra-indicated in these 8 @entity1 on account of @entity850 , prolonged infiltrating stenosis or previous failure of laser. Satisfactory bronchial recanalization was obtained by laser in 3 out of 8 @entity1 , but this technique partially failed in 5 @entity1 with prolonged or partially infiltrating stenosis; 2 of these 5 @entity1 were successfully treated by cryotherapy. Among the 8 @entity1 treated by cryotherapy, 6 were significantly improved, with total bronchial recanalization and destruction of the tumoral nodules. In 1 case tumoral destruction was too incomplete for re-ventilation, and in the last @entity1 the multiplicity of lesions made objective assessment of the results impossible. No major side-effect ascribable to cryotherapy was observed. Cryotherapy performed through a non-rigid probe therefore seems to be as safe and effective method of bronchial recanalization. It is relatively inexpensive, mobile and painless, but its effects are delayed by 8 to 10 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Intratracheal destruction of XXXX lesions: laser or cryotherapy? A preliminary analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrabronchial tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['cylindroma, benign carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['total bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two consensus conferences taking place in the United States and Spain were organized to optimize diagnosis and treatment of Candida spp. infections. Among other results, clinical scenarios in which early prescription of antifungal agents is indicated were identified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the criteria followed by physicians for prescribing antifungal agents in @entity3124 @entity1 in our country and to investigate adherence to the guidelines proposed by the consensus conferences. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed and directed to 4th- and 5th-year residents in intensive care medicine and to specialists in intensive care with training in @entity166 or other medical areas. Four case reports for which expert consensus indicates early antifungal treatment were included in the questionnaire; 1) recurrent @entity298 secondary to perforation of the digestive tract, with mixed flora including fungi; 2) persistent @entity221 in a @entity1 with @entity1049 treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; 3) candiduria and @entity4658 in a febrile @entity1 ; and 4) @entity4963 . RESULTS: A total of 135 questionnaires from 45 different ICUs were returned (60% response rate). In the @entity4963 and @entity6378 examples, early treatment with antifungal agents was indicated in 100% and 85.9% of responses, respectively, whereas for @entity295 with @entity7553 and candiduria associated with @entity4658 and @entity221 , early treatment was prescribed in only 41.5% and 55.6% of responses, respectively. There were no significant differences in response with regard to degree of training of the physicians surveyed. @entity2380 prescription predominated, mainly at doses of 400 mg/day, in mixed @entity298 , @entity6831 , whereas @entity2379 lipid formulations were preferentially indicated in cases of @entity4963 . Antifungal treatment (early or late) was prescribed in all responses for @entity4963 , in 95.5% for mixed @entity298 (fungi and bacteria), in 79.5% for @entity7553 in @entity1 with persistent @entity295 , and in 77.9% for candiduria with @entity221 and @entity4658 . CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to recommendations from the consensus conferences was high among intensive medicine specialists, with no differences according to level of training in @entity166 .

title: [Treatment approach for fungal infections in XXXX @entity1 admitted to intensive care units: results of a multicenter survey].

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['fungal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated candidiasis and candiduria']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever', 'febrile syndrome']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['multiple mucosal fungal colonizations']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two consensus conferences taking place in the United States and Spain were organized to optimize diagnosis and treatment of Candida spp. infections. Among other results, clinical scenarios in which early prescription of antifungal agents is indicated were identified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the criteria followed by physicians for prescribing antifungal agents in @entity3124 @entity1 in our country and to investigate adherence to the guidelines proposed by the consensus conferences. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed and directed to 4th- and 5th-year residents in intensive care medicine and to specialists in intensive care with training in @entity166 or other medical areas. Four case reports for which expert consensus indicates early antifungal treatment were included in the questionnaire; 1) recurrent @entity298 secondary to perforation of the digestive tract, with mixed flora including fungi; 2) persistent @entity221 in a @entity1 with @entity1049 treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics; 3) candiduria and @entity4658 in a febrile @entity1 ; and 4) @entity4963 . RESULTS: A total of 135 questionnaires from 45 different ICUs were returned (60% response rate). In the @entity4963 and @entity6378 examples, early treatment with antifungal agents was indicated in 100% and 85.9% of responses, respectively, whereas for @entity295 with @entity7553 and candiduria associated with @entity4658 and @entity221 , early treatment was prescribed in only 41.5% and 55.6% of responses, respectively. There were no significant differences in response with regard to degree of training of the physicians surveyed. @entity2380 prescription predominated, mainly at doses of 400 mg/day, in mixed @entity298 , @entity6831 , whereas @entity2379 lipid formulations were preferentially indicated in cases of @entity4963 . Antifungal treatment (early or late) was prescribed in all responses for @entity4963 , in 95.5% for mixed @entity298 (fungi and bacteria), in 79.5% for @entity7553 in @entity1 with persistent @entity295 , and in 77.9% for candiduria with @entity221 and @entity4658 . CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to recommendations from the consensus conferences was high among intensive medicine specialists, with no differences according to level of training in @entity166 .

title: [Treatment approach for fungal infections in @entity3124 XXXX admitted to intensive care units: results of a multicenter survey].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating @entity1252 complicated with @entity2738 (SLE-ANFH). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 @entity1 (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 @entity1 (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti- @entity32 and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to @entity1 in the treatment group. The observation on the @entity1 ' condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two @entity1 in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of @entity1 with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting @entity887 .

title: @entity1252 complicated with femoral XXXX treated by Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of the femoral head']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['head ischemic necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating @entity1252 complicated with @entity2738 (SLE-ANFH). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 @entity1 (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 @entity1 (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti- @entity32 and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to @entity1 in the treatment group. The observation on the @entity1 ' condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two @entity1 in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of @entity1 with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting @entity887 .

title: XXXX complicated with femoral @entity2738 treated by Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals method.

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity726 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity726 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity4041 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity735 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity4041 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity735 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity2285 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity17381 remained almost unchanged in @entity2788 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity4041 in @entity726 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity4041 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity2790 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity131 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity1457 in the @entity735 with laser-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['damage or injury']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['HSPs', 'heat shock proteins']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'glaucoma eyes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous monkey eyes', 'glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous retinas']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity726 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity726 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity4041 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity735 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity4041 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity735 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity2285 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity17381 remained almost unchanged in @entity2788 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity4041 in @entity726 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity4041 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity2790 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity131 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of XXXX in the @entity735 with laser-induced @entity726 .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock proteins']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate @entity726 . These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental @entity726 was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity4041 , 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and @entity735 . RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for @entity4041 , 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of @entity735 . Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for @entity2285 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against @entity17381 remained almost unchanged in @entity2788 . Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of @entity4041 in @entity726 retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of @entity4041 , 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced @entity2790 . The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to @entity131 related to intraocular pressure elevation.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity1457 in the XXXX with laser-induced @entity726 .

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['retina of normal monkey eyes and monkey eyes']


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity1 with @entity7890 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity1 with @entity1494 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity1 with @entity7890 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity1 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity1 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity1 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity1 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity1 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity1 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity1 with @entity1494 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity1 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity1 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity1 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity1 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity25248 ( @entity25248 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity1 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity1 with @entity1494 remain incontinent, in one @entity1 with @entity7890 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity322 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity1 with @entity1494 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ @entity322 in XXXX and @entity1494 with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25248 :: ('MESH:D047808', 'Disease') :: ['AGS', 'adrenogenital syndrome']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'exstrophy of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity1 with @entity7890 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity1 with @entity1494 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity1 with @entity7890 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity1 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity1 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity1 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity1 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity1 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity1 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity1 with @entity1494 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity1 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity1 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity1 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity1 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity25248 ( @entity25248 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity1 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity1 with @entity1494 remain incontinent, in one @entity1 with @entity7890 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity322 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity1 with @entity1494 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ XXXX in @entity7890 and @entity1494 with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Urinary incontinence']


abstract: This is a report on 16 @entity1 with @entity7890 of grades II to IV and on 35 @entity1 with @entity1494 , grades III and IV. The following surgical treatment was carried out: in @entity1 with @entity7890 , simple closure of the urethra in one case, neck of the bladder plasty according to Young-Dees in two cases, the method after Thiersch-Duplay in three cases, whereas four @entity1 were treated after Williams, five after Johnston and one @entity1 after Ombr  danne in reverse. Seven additional operations were done mainly for prepuce correction and closure of fistula after urethroplasty. Three of the 16 @entity1 were continent already before the operation. 4 @entity1 were partially continent. Two of these showed improved continence, thus achieving prolonged periods of dryness. 9 @entity1 remained incontinent. Hence, free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in four @entity1 . A total of 45 operations were performed on @entity1 with @entity1494 . Of these, 12 concerned primary closure of bladder; in 13 cases, an ileum bladder was constructed, whereas cystosigmoideostomy was done in 5 times, uretersigmoideostomy 5 times, cutaneous ureterostomy once, rectum bladder once, and a colon conduit once. The postoperative continence performance of the 12 @entity1 with primary bladder closure was unsatisfactory. Three @entity1 only attained periods of dryness up to two hours; 5 remained completely incontinent, whereas in 4 it was subsequently necessary to construct a urinary passage into the intestine by means of an ileum bladder in 2 cases, a colon conduit in one case, and ureterosigmoideostomy in one case. Free muscle transplantation to the bladder was performed in two @entity1 . Free muscle transplants were also performed on 2 @entity1 , in one case after traumatic tearoff of the urethra and in one case after iatrogenic lesion of the musculus sphincter vesicae externus in @entity25248 ( @entity25248 ) according to Prader III and IV. This means that a total of eight free muscle transplants were performed. All @entity1 were primarily incontinent. Postoperatively, complete continence could be achieved in four cases, once an improvement with dry periods up to 2 hours. The two @entity1 with @entity1494 remain incontinent, in one @entity1 with @entity7890 the postoperative interval has been too short so far to arrive at a final judgement. It follows from the examinations that free muscle transplantation is a good method for treating @entity322 , the suspension effect playing an important part. However, in @entity1 with @entity1494 the indication should be considered with caution.

title: [ @entity322 in @entity7890 and XXXX with special reference to free autologous muscle transplantation].

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: We reported echocardiographic findings and outcomes of fetuses with @entity338 diagnosed during fetal life. Cases were identified from a prospectively acquired computerized database of 18,308 pregnancies referred to a fetal cardiology center between January 1988 and July 2000. Twenty fetuses were identified with a median gestation of 23 weeks (range 18 to 36) at presentation. In 18 cases (90%), there was an associated @entity1757 . Eighteen cases (90%) had branch pulmonary artery diameters above the normal range. In four cases (20%), an arterial duct was present. A chromosome 22q11 deletion was identified in 2 of 9 cases (22%) in which this deletion was sought. There were 6 terminations of pregnancy (30%), 3 intrauterine @entity204 (15%), 5 neonatal @entity204 (25%), 3 @entity1 @entity204 (15%), and 3 @entity1 who did not die (15%). Ten of the 11 "liveborn" @entity1 required early ventilation. The outcome of @entity338 diagnosed prenatally appears poor. The high morbidity and mortality is due to both @entity299 and associated @entity17593 .

title: Prenatal diagnosis by echocardiogram and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity17593 :: ('MESH:D055091', 'Disease') :: ['bronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iris metastases of @entity5 are not common, and most of the cases are unilateral. To our knowledge, there has been no report of bilateral @entity10633 metastasized from @entity263 . CASE: A 71-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity263 presented with bilateral @entity10633 and @entity726 . He had had multiple bone metastases, and had undergone chemotherapy. OBSERVATIONS: @entity5 spread in the @entity1539 . @entity5502 and @entity726 were present. After external beam radiotherapy, the @entity10633 regressed remarkably in volume. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a rare case of bilateral @entity10633 , which had probably metastasized from @entity263 . The @entity5 were well controlled with conservative therapies including radiation. We believe this article is the first report of bilateral @entity10633 metastasized from @entity263 .

title: Bilateral iris metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris of both eyes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Gray-white fleshy tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10633 :: ('MESH:D015811', 'Disease') :: ['iris tumors']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['Iridocyclitis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical outcomes of @entity1713 in @entity1032 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective review of records of @entity1032 @entity1 who had retinal reattachment surgery at the authors' institutions between February 1994 and February 2000. There were 8 @entity1 with 13 surgically treated eyes. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the @entity1 ' medical records. RESULTS: The retina of 12/13 (92%) eyes remained reattached after a follow-up ranging from 9 to 78 months. In 6 eyes of the 4 @entity1 whose visual acuity (VA) could be determined, VA improved in 5 eyes of 3 @entity1 . In the remaining 4 @entity1 whose VA could not be determined, improved behavioral patterns suggesting a successful surgical outcome were observed in 3 @entity1 with bilateral @entity1713 , although in one of these @entity1 only unilateral retinal reattachment was achieved. The findings in the eyes in this study agree with the findings in reports on @entity1 with traumatic @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The retinal reattachment rate is fair in the @entity1032 compared with the rate in other segments of the population. Ophthalmological examinations should be provided regularly for @entity1032 @entity1 to keep open the possibility for early sight-improving surgery.

title: @entity1713 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mentally retarded']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical features and surgical outcomes of @entity1713 in @entity1032 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective review of records of @entity1032 @entity1 who had retinal reattachment surgery at the authors' institutions between February 1994 and February 2000. There were 8 @entity1 with 13 surgically treated eyes. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the @entity1 ' medical records. RESULTS: The retina of 12/13 (92%) eyes remained reattached after a follow-up ranging from 9 to 78 months. In 6 eyes of the 4 @entity1 whose visual acuity (VA) could be determined, VA improved in 5 eyes of 3 @entity1 . In the remaining 4 @entity1 whose VA could not be determined, improved behavioral patterns suggesting a successful surgical outcome were observed in 3 @entity1 with bilateral @entity1713 , although in one of these @entity1 only unilateral retinal reattachment was achieved. The findings in the eyes in this study agree with the findings in reports on @entity1 with traumatic @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The retinal reattachment rate is fair in the @entity1032 compared with the rate in other segments of the population. Ophthalmological examinations should be provided regularly for @entity1032 @entity1 to keep open the possibility for early sight-improving surgery.

title: XXXX in the @entity1032 .

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['Retinal detachment']


abstract: Information related to reliable values of discomfort thresholds can help to improve the designs of various products. This study aimed to investigate the measurement reliabilities associated with pressure thresholds, while determining the effects of stimulus characteristics (stimulus area, indentation speed) of the @entity1 foot. An indentation apparatus was used with four sizes of indentation probes and three indentation speeds. In total, 13 locations on the right foot of 10 male and 10 female @entity1 were tested to determine the @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and pressure @entity158 thresholds ( @entity3445 ). Results show that the tests had very good measurement reliability with intra-class correlations (ICC) greater than 0.8 for the @entity3445 measurements and acceptable reliability (most ICC  >  0.75, with a few between 0.5 and 0.75) for the @entity551 measurements, demonstrating that @entity1 are capable of judging their @entity158 and discomfort thresholds. Pressure sensitivity differs across locations of the foot, with the medial plantar arch of the foot being the most sensitive, followed by the dorsal surface of the foot. The heel area was the least sensitive. @entity3445 and @entity551 are dependent on the stimulus characteristics of the area and the speed of indentation. A smaller area has a higher @entity3445 and @entity551 , indicating significant effects of spatial summation. The increase of @entity551 and @entity3445 at higher speeds may be partially explained by the increase in stiffness because foot tissue exhibits viscoelastic properties. The findings can have a significant impact on the design of footwear and other accessories for improved foot health and comfort. Statement of Relevance: This study investigated the threshold measurement reliability while determining the pressure sensitivity on the surface of the foot with varying stimulus characteristics. The findings may be very useful in the design of footwear and other accessories for improved comfort and reduced @entity130 .

title: Pressure thresholds of the XXXX foot: measurement reliability and effects of stimulus characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['pressure discomfort thresholds', 'PDT']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although attention functions are often impaired after @entity64 , @entity131 or inflammatory diseases, little is known about the time course and the long-term efficacy of training-induced improvement. The present single case study evaluates the time course and longitudinal stability of attention improvement after alertness training by repeatedly testing the subject between individual training sessions as well as one and seven months after the end of the training. The outpatient (M.P.) trained developed severe @entity51 following @entity3308 in 2003 without signs of @entity16 , and since then had not achieved full recovery. In 2008, M.P. participated in 15 treatment sessions on 15 separate working days over a period of three weeks. In each session a 45-minute alertness training task was administered, using the CogniPlus ALERT computer training program. Attention performance was assessed by neuropsychological tests four years, one year, and immediately before the therapy after every third training session and three times after the termination of therapy. Furthermore, a self-report questionnaire measured subjective experience of attention in everyday life situations. In order to compare the performance between training sessions, a procedure specialised for psychometric single-case diagnosis was used to analyse the data. Surprisingly, even after three consecutive training sessions, M.P. showed immense improvement in alertness. Furthermore, after two weeks she felt more energetic and more able to concentrate. Six months after the end of the training the improvement remained stable. The unexpectedly fast time course of recovery induced by the training, as well as the stable long-term effects, probably depend on intact cortical structures. In M.P. it appeared that top-down control of the alertness network on impaired brainstem arousal structures had been re-activated by the training procedure and had remained stable across a long time period.

title: Efficacy of alertness training in a case of XXXX : clinical and theoretical implications.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['alertness deficits']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['brainstem encephalitis']


abstract: The MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath _ Tellegen, 2008) is replacing the MMPI-2 as the most widely used personality test in neuropsychological assessment, but additional validation studies are needed. Our study examines MMPI-2-RF Validity scales and the newly created Somatic/Cognitive scales in a recently reported sample of 82 @entity131 ( @entity131 ) litigants who either passed or failed effort tests (Thomas _ Youngjohn, 2009). The restructured Validity scales FBS-r (restructured symptom validity), F-r (restructured infrequent responses), and the newly created Fs (infrequent somatic responses) were not significant predictors of @entity131 severity. FBS-r was significantly related to passing or failing effort tests, and Fs and F-r showed non-significant trends in the same direction. Elevations on the Somatic/Cognitive scales profile ( @entity32489 , @entity344 , @entity10 complaints, @entity16 , and @entity73 ) were significant predictors of effort test failure. Additionally, @entity4306 had the anticipated paradoxical inverse relationship with @entity542 severity. The Somatic/Cognitive scales as a group were better predictors of effort test failure than the RF Validity scales, which was an unexpected finding. @entity32489 arose as the single best predictor of effort test failure of all RF Validity and Somatic/Cognitive scales. Item overlap analysis revealed that all @entity32489 items are included in the original MMPI-2 Hy scale, making @entity32489 essentially a subscale of Hy. This study validates the MMPI-2-RF as an effective tool for use in neuropsychological assessment of @entity131 litigants.

title: Independent validation of the MMPI-2-RF Somatic/Cognitive and Validity scales in XXXX Litigants tested for effort.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['COG-cognitive complaints']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['NUC-neurological complaints']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GIC-gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['HPC-head pain']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']