abstract: BACKGROUND: Eclampsia remains a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined facilitators and barriers to the use of @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) in the management of @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ) in health facilities in Bauchi and Sokoto States in Nigeria. METHODS: Data were collected from 80 health facilities using a cross-sectional, mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design. We assessed health facility readiness to manage @entity5029 and use @entity2400 as the drug of choice, through provider interviews, in-depth interviews with facility managers and an inventory of equipment and supply in facilities. Bivariate and qualitative data analyses were performed to isolate the principal enabling factors and barriers to the management of @entity5029 and use of @entity2400 . RESULTS: The majority of health facility providers correctly mentioned @entity2400 as the drug of choice for the prevention and termination of @entity410 in severe @entity5029 (65  %). Sixty-four percent of the health facilities had service registers available. About 45  % of providers had been trained on the use of @entity2400 for the management of @entity5029 . Regarding providers' practices, 45  % of respondents indicated that @entity2400 was used to prevent and treat @entity410 in severe @entity5029 in their facilities. Barriers to management of @entity5029 included inadequate numbers of skilled providers, frequent shortages of @entity2400 , lack of essential equipment and supplies, irregular supply of electricity and water, and non-availability of guidelines and clinical protocols at the health facilities. Technical support to providers was inadequate. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that a constellation of factors adversely affect the management of @entity5029 and especially the use of @entity2400 by service providers. Efforts to improve the management of @entity5029 in facilities should include integrated programs that substantially improve provider and facility readiness to manage @entity5029 for better maternal and newborn health outcomes in Northern Nigeria.

title: Factors influencing the use of XXXX in @entity1468 / @entity3036 management in health facilities in Northern Nigeria: a mixed methods study.

answer: @entity2400 :: (CHEBI:32599,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eclampsia remains a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined facilitators and barriers to the use of @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) in the management of @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ) in health facilities in Bauchi and Sokoto States in Nigeria. METHODS: Data were collected from 80 health facilities using a cross-sectional, mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design. We assessed health facility readiness to manage @entity5029 and use @entity2400 as the drug of choice, through provider interviews, in-depth interviews with facility managers and an inventory of equipment and supply in facilities. Bivariate and qualitative data analyses were performed to isolate the principal enabling factors and barriers to the management of @entity5029 and use of @entity2400 . RESULTS: The majority of health facility providers correctly mentioned @entity2400 as the drug of choice for the prevention and termination of @entity410 in severe @entity5029 (65  %). Sixty-four percent of the health facilities had service registers available. About 45  % of providers had been trained on the use of @entity2400 for the management of @entity5029 . Regarding providers' practices, 45  % of respondents indicated that @entity2400 was used to prevent and treat @entity410 in severe @entity5029 in their facilities. Barriers to management of @entity5029 included inadequate numbers of skilled providers, frequent shortages of @entity2400 , lack of essential equipment and supplies, irregular supply of electricity and water, and non-availability of guidelines and clinical protocols at the health facilities. Technical support to providers was inadequate. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that a constellation of factors adversely affect the management of @entity5029 and especially the use of @entity2400 by service providers. Efforts to improve the management of @entity5029 in facilities should include integrated programs that substantially improve provider and facility readiness to manage @entity5029 for better maternal and newborn health outcomes in Northern Nigeria.

title: Factors influencing the use of @entity2400 in XXXX / @entity3036 management in health facilities in Northern Nigeria: a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: Sources and concentrations of indoor @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) were examined in Barcelona, Spain, during 1996-1999. A total of 340 dwellings of @entity1 participating in a hospital-based cohort study were selected from different areas of the city. Passive filter badges were used for indoor @entity6836 measurement over 7-30 days. Dwelling inhabitants completed a questionnaire on housing characteristics and smoking habits. Data on outdoor @entity6836 concentrations were available for the entire period of the study in the areas of the city where indoor concentrations were determined. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate relationships between indoor @entity6836 concentrations on one hand and outdoor @entity6836 concentrations, housing, and occupant characteristics on the other. Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed with variables that were found to have a significant bivariate relationship. Indoor @entity6836 mean values ranged between 23.57 ppb in 1996 and 27.02 ppb in 1999, with the highest yearly value of 27.82 ppb in 1997. In the same time period, mean outdoor @entity6836 concentration ranged between 25.26 and 25.78 ppb with a peak of 30.5 ppb in 1998. Multiple regression analysis showed that principal sources of indoor @entity6836 concentrations were the use of a gas cooker, the absence of an extractor fan when cooking, and cigarette smoking. The absence of central heating was also associated with higher @entity6836 concentrations. Finally, each ppb increase in outdoor @entity6836 was associated with a 1% increase in indoor concentrations.

title: Sources and concentrations of indoor XXXX in Barcelona, Spain.

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

answer: @entity7459 :: (MESH:D009585,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing use of high-resolution imaging of brain, unruptured @entity439 are more and more frequently detected. With the advances in treatment techniques, an increasing number of @entity439 are now occluded using endovascular coiling instead of conventional surgical clipping. However, the better modality for unruptured @entity438 has been poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes between endovascular coiling and surgical clipping among @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and SIGLE were electronically searched from January 1, 1990 to March 13, 2012 with no language restriction for randomized or nonrandomized clinical controlled trials. Article screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Results were statistically pooled through Review Manager 5 and StatsDirect 2.7.9. RESULTS: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. The pooled risk ratios (coiling vs. clipping) were 0.59 (95% CI = 0.23-1.54) for @entity204 ; 0.37 (95% CI = 0.10-1.41) for @entity548 ; 0.78 (95% CI = 0.38-1.58) for @entity2806 ; 0.87 (95% CI = 0.70-1.08) for occlusion of @entity439 ; 0.53 (95% CI = 0.18-1.52) for independence in daily activities. The pooled rates of @entity204 , @entity548 , @entity63 , occlusion of @entity439 , and mRS no less than 3 were 1% (95% CI = 0-2%), 2% (95% CI = 0-5%), 8% (95% CI = 4-13%), 82% (95% CI = 64-95%), and 5% (95% CI = 1-10%) for endovascular coiling, respectively, and 1% (95% CI = 0-2%), 6% (95% CI = 3-10%), 9% (95% CI = 5-15%), 95% (95% CI = 90-98%), and 8% (95% CI = 3-14%) for surgical clipping, respectively. We failed to evaluate quality of life and cognitive outcome due to insufficient data. Both meta-regression and sensitivity analysis showed consistent results. Furthermore, Begg's test and Egger's test failed to detect publication bias. CONCLUSION: We suggest that endovascular coiling and surgical clipping bear similar risk ratios of @entity204 , @entity548 , @entity2806 , occlusion of @entity439 , and independence in daily activities and encourage further studies on quality of life and cognitive outcome. However, albeit the results in this meta-analysis are robust, due to great clinical heterogeneity and low quality of studies, the results in this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution.

title: Endovascular coiling vs. surgical clipping for unruptured XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a wound classification instrument that includes assessment of depth, @entity281 , and @entity63 based on the eventual outcome of the wound. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 360 @entity6 @entity1 presenting for care of foot wounds at a multidisciplinary tertiary care foot clinic. As per protocol, all @entity1 had a standardized evaluation to assess @entity130 , @entity16 , @entity5327 , and @entity281 . @entity1 were assessed at 6 months after their initial evaluation to see whether an amputation had been performed. RESULTS: There was a significant overall trend toward increased prevalence of amputations as wounds increased in both depth (chi 2trend = 143.1, P < 0.001) and stage (chi 2trend = 91.0, P < 0.001). This was true for every subcategory as well with the exception of noninfected, nonischemic @entity1066 . There were no amputations performed within this stage during the follow-up period. @entity1 were more than 11 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher level amputation if their wound probed to bone (18.3 vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 31.5, odds ratio (OR) = 11.1, CI = 4.0-30.3). @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity63 were nearly 90 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher amputation compared with @entity1 in less advanced wound stages (76.5 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 133.5, OR = 89.6, CI = 25-316). CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes deteriorated with increasing grade and stage of wounds when measured using the University of Texas Wound Classification System.

title: Validation of a XXXX wound classification system. The contribution of depth, @entity281 , and @entity63 to risk of amputation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound depth']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a wound classification instrument that includes assessment of depth, @entity281 , and @entity63 based on the eventual outcome of the wound. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 360 @entity6 @entity1 presenting for care of foot wounds at a multidisciplinary tertiary care foot clinic. As per protocol, all @entity1 had a standardized evaluation to assess @entity130 , @entity16 , @entity5327 , and @entity281 . @entity1 were assessed at 6 months after their initial evaluation to see whether an amputation had been performed. RESULTS: There was a significant overall trend toward increased prevalence of amputations as wounds increased in both depth (chi 2trend = 143.1, P < 0.001) and stage (chi 2trend = 91.0, P < 0.001). This was true for every subcategory as well with the exception of noninfected, nonischemic @entity1066 . There were no amputations performed within this stage during the follow-up period. @entity1 were more than 11 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher level amputation if their wound probed to bone (18.3 vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 31.5, odds ratio (OR) = 11.1, CI = 4.0-30.3). @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity63 were nearly 90 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher amputation compared with @entity1 in less advanced wound stages (76.5 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 133.5, OR = 89.6, CI = 25-316). CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes deteriorated with increasing grade and stage of wounds when measured using the University of Texas Wound Classification System.

title: Validation of a @entity6 wound classification system. The contribution of depth, @entity281 , and XXXX to risk of amputation.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a wound classification instrument that includes assessment of depth, @entity281 , and @entity63 based on the eventual outcome of the wound. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 360 @entity6 @entity1 presenting for care of foot wounds at a multidisciplinary tertiary care foot clinic. As per protocol, all @entity1 had a standardized evaluation to assess @entity130 , @entity16 , @entity5327 , and @entity281 . @entity1 were assessed at 6 months after their initial evaluation to see whether an amputation had been performed. RESULTS: There was a significant overall trend toward increased prevalence of amputations as wounds increased in both depth (chi 2trend = 143.1, P < 0.001) and stage (chi 2trend = 91.0, P < 0.001). This was true for every subcategory as well with the exception of noninfected, nonischemic @entity1066 . There were no amputations performed within this stage during the follow-up period. @entity1 were more than 11 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher level amputation if their wound probed to bone (18.3 vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 31.5, odds ratio (OR) = 11.1, CI = 4.0-30.3). @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity63 were nearly 90 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher amputation compared with @entity1 in less advanced wound stages (76.5 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 133.5, OR = 89.6, CI = 25-316). CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes deteriorated with increasing grade and stage of wounds when measured using the University of Texas Wound Classification System.

title: Validation of a @entity6 wound classification system. The contribution of depth, XXXX , and @entity63 to risk of amputation.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Linxian and the nearby county Huixian, in the Henan province in Northern China, have a very high incidence of @entity1721 (SCC). Previous studies from these counties have suggested that increased proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells, morphologically manifested as @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ), is an early indicator of abnormality in @entity1 predisposed to SCC. A high incidence of @entity418 (AC) was also found in these areas. To determine proliferation patterns of esophageal and @entity356 epithelia with normal and different severities of @entity1613 , we measured @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), Ki-67, and @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation and compared the results. Esophageal biopsies (175) and @entity356 biopsies (41) were collected from symptom-free subjects in Huixian. Of these, 23 esophageal biopsies were incubated with @entity1603 . The avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used to detect @entity1364 , Ki-67, and @entity1603 . The number of immunostain-positive cells was counted manually. Intense immunostaining for @entity1364 , Ki-67, and @entity1603 was observed in the cell nuclei of tissues with normal and different severities of @entity1613 . With esophageal biopsies, both @entity1364 and Ki-67 increased significantly as the epithelia progressed from normal to @entity1491 and to @entity1141 . The number of @entity1364 - and Ki-67-positive cells was three times higher than that of @entity1603 incorporation in the same category of @entity1491 . With @entity418 biopsies, the number of Ki-67 positive cells was lower in normal tissue and increased significantly from chronic superficial @entity3621 to chronic @entity4726 to @entity1141 . Staining patterns for @entity1364 and Ki-67 were correlated with the histopathology of the esophagus. The correlation was not as clear with @entity356 . @entity1603 studies appear to be more complicated. The @entity1364 and Ki-67 methods may be useful for screening high-risk esophageal and @entity356 subjects, and for monitoring chemoprevention effects.

title: Esophageal and XXXX epithelial cell proliferation in northern Chinese subjects living in a high-incidence area.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell hyperplasia', 'BCH']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['cardia', 'gastric cardia adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia', 'gastric cardia cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['DYS', 'dysplasia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia']


abstract: @entity1313 including @entity816 and @entity463 multiforme are difficult to treat because of their locally invasive nature and relative resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Novel agents that can kill multi-drug resistant @entity5 cells and reach @entity5 cells at distant sites in the brain are needed. One such class of agents is fusion proteins which consist of @entity1313 -selective peptide ligands fused to peptide toxins. The ligand directs the protein to the @entity11 cell surface; the peptide toxin is then internalized into the cell, translocates to the cytosol and catalytically inactivates protein synthesis leading to cell death. Fusion proteins are toxic to multi-drug resistant @entity1313 cells. Because of the large molecular weight of these molecules, a unique delivery system has been @entity245 ( @entity245 ). The method creates a bulk flow which supplements diffusion and achieves drug concentrations in the brain parenchyma orders of magnitude greater than by systemic administration. @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 treated with individual fusion protein @entity245 have obtained clinical remissions lasting years. However, @entity137 to normal brain have been observed and relapses ultimately occurred. To address the clinical need of these @entity1 and improve upon the therapeutic index observed to date with single fusion protein @entity245 , we generated a novel fusion protein DAB389EGF and tested it in combination with another active fusion protein, @entity4047 PE38QQR. We observed potent @entity137 with each fusion protein and synergistic @entity137 with the combination. Further, @entity1313 cells showed heterogeneous expression of individual receptors suggesting that the combination--DAB389EGF and IL13PE38QQR may show improved efficacy and should undergo further preclinical development for therapy of @entity1 with relapsed high-grade @entity11 .

title: Combination fusion protein therapy of refractory XXXX : demonstration of efficacy in cell culture.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'glioma cytotoxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain-tumor', 'Primary brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developed--convection-enhanced delivery', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the cost-sharing provision of the @entity1 Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to reduce financial barriers for preventive services, including screening for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) among privately and Medicare-insured individuals. Whether the provision has affected @entity14 and @entity0 screening prevalence is unknown. The current study investigated whether @entity14 and @entity0 screening prevalence among privately and Medicare-insured adults by socioeconomic status (SES) changed before and after the ACA. METHODS: Data obtained from the National Health Interview Survey pertaining to privately and Medicare-insured adults from 2008 (before the ACA) and 2013 (after the ACA) were used. There were 15,786 adults aged 50 to 75 years in the @entity14 screening analysis and 14,530 @entity1 aged >= 40 years in the @entity0 screening analysis. Changes in guideline-recommended screening between 2008 and 2013 by SES were expressed as the @entity14748 ( @entity14748 ) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) adjusted for demographics, insurance, income, education, body mass index, and having a usual provider. RESULTS: Overall, @entity14 screening prevalence increased from 57.3% to 61.2% between 2008 and 2013 (P<.001). Adjusted @entity14 screening prevalence during the corresponding period increased in low-income ( @entity14748 , 5.9; 95% CI, 1.8 to 10.2), least-educated ( @entity14748 , 7.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 13.5), and Medicare-insured ( @entity14748 , 6.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 10.7) individuals, but not in high-income, most-educated, and privately insured respondents. @entity0 screening remained unchanged overall (70.5% in 2008 vs 70.2% in 2013) and in the low SES groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity14 screening prevalence between 2008 and 2013 were confined to respondents with low SES. These findings may in part reflect the ACA's removal of financial barriers. @entity5 2015;121:3272-3280.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Elimination of cost-sharing and receipt of screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14748 :: ('MESH:C563626', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'prevalence difference']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['colorectal and breast cancer']


abstract: With the utilization of new biologic agents and experimental chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity788 , the issue of local-regional control will become increasingly important. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of dose escalation using proton therapy, as compared to conventional 3-dimensional conformal radiation, by minimizing the dose to normal tissues. The photon treatment plans of 4 @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 treated on a biologic therapy trial were utilized. Each @entity1 was treated using a 3- or 4-field photon plan with 45 Gy to the clinical target volume (CTV), followed by a boost of 14.4 Gy to the gross target volume (GTV). Using a Helax treatment planning system, proton plans were generated to encompass the same CTV and GTV to the same prescribed dose. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated for the GTV, CTV, spinal cord, liver, and right and left kidneys. Each DVH was compared between the photon and proton plans. Proton plans utilized either a 2- or 3-field technique. Available energies included 130 or 180 MeV. Range modulators and bolus were used as needed to conform to the target volume. With the CTV and GTV receiving the same dose from the proton and photon plans, all individual proton plans were superior to the photon plans in reduction of normal tissue dose. For the 4 @entity1 , the average dose reduction to 50% of the organ at risk was 78% to spinal cord (p = 0.003), 73% to left kidney (p = 0.025), 43% to right kidney (p = 0.059), and 55% to liver (p = 0.061). These comparative treatment plans show proton therapy results in significant reductions of dose to normal tissue compared to conventional photons while treating the same target volumes. This allows for the design of dose-escalation protocols using protons in combination with new biologic therapies and chemotherapy.

title: Comparative treatment planning between proton and X-ray therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the skills of internal medicine-pediatrics (med-peds) residents in evaluating and counseling @entity1 with @entity2673 using a clinical performance exercise (CPE). METHOD: The authors designed a 13-station CPE [nine standardized- @entity1 (SP) stations and four non-SP stations]. Eight of the SP stations focused on counseling or assessing complex psychosocial needs, and three were videotaped and analyzed for specific verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Residents completed a written task for each station and SPs completed a checklist on interviewing and communication skills and a 52-item @entity1 's-satisfaction survey. All first- and third-year residents (n = 25) from two academic years participated. RESULTS: The range of the average scores on the nine SP stations was 43-75%. The residents performed better with common problems (newborn hospital discharge instructions and cardiac risk-factor counseling) than with more complex problems that are less often encountered in the institution ( @entity645 counseling), or problems less often recognized (adult survivor of childhood @entity458 ). As expected, third-year residents scored better than did first-year residents on the written "plan" part of the SP stations and on the non-SP stations. Third-year and first-year residents had similar scores, however, on measures of verbal and nonverbal communication and @entity1 's satisfaction, and for gathering data and providing information. CONCLUSION: This is the first performance-based evaluation of residents in a combined med-peds residency program. The stations addressed more complex clinical skills than those reported for objective structured clinical evaluations of residents.

title: A clinical performance exercise for medicine--pediatrics residents emphasizing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['complex psychosocial problems']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity2673 :: (MESH:C535569,Disease) :: ['complex psychosocial skills']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the influence of gender on baseline characteristics, response to treatment, and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and impaired @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). BACKGROUND: Under-representation of @entity1 in @entity712 clinical trials has limited our understanding of gender-related differences in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The impact of gender was assessed in the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) which randomized 2,708 @entity1 with New York Heart Association class III/IV and @entity1002 < or =0.35 to @entity29393 versus placebo. @entity1 (n = 593) were compared with @entity1 (n = 2,115). Mean follow-up period was two years. RESULTS: Significant differences in baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were found. @entity1 were younger, more likely to be black, had a higher prevalence of nonischemic etiology, higher right and @entity1002 , higher heart rate, greater cardiothoracic ratio, higher prevalence of @entity714 , lower prevalence of @entity955 , and lower plasma @entity1063 level. Ischemic etiology and measures of severity of @entity712 were found to be predictors of prognosis in @entity1 and @entity1 . However, differences in the predictive values of various variables were noted; most notably, @entity453 and @entity1002 appear to be stronger predictors of prognosis in @entity1 . In the nonischemic @entity1 , @entity1 had a significantly better survival rate compared with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity712 @entity1 with impaired @entity1002 , significant gender differences are present, and the prognostic predictive values of some variables vary in magnitude between @entity1 and @entity1 . The survival advantage of @entity1 is confined to @entity1 with nonischemic etiology.

title: Gender differences in advanced XXXX : insights from the BEST study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity29393 :: ('MESH:C024307', 'Chemical') :: ['bucindolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intraperitoneal administration of a local anaesthetic in combination with an opioid, for the relief of @entity282 , has already been reported except after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at assessing the analgesic effect of the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1341 and @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a double-blind, randomized manner, one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally. There were 30 @entity1 in each group: Group 1, physiological saline 30 mL; Group 2, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL; Group 3, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL plus @entity1286 2 mg. In addition, Group 2 received 2 mg intravenous (i.v.) @entity1286 in 2 mL saline, and Groups 1 and 3, 2 mL saline intravenously. @entity1 ' @entity282 was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score. The postoperative analgesic requirement was assessed by the total dose of @entity10964 administered by an i.v. @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) device. @entity158 , vital signs, supplemental analgesic consumption and side-effects were recorded for all @entity1 for 24 h. RESULTS: There were no differences between the three groups regarding @entity158 scores (at rest and coughing) during the study except in the first 2 h, when scores were lower for @entity1 receiving intraperitoneal @entity1341 plus i.v. @entity1286 (P < 0.05). Supplemental consumption of @entity10964 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group 3 than in Group 1 during the first 6 h after surgery. However, the cumulative doses of @entity10964 were also lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 over the entire study (2025 +/- 1044 mg vs. 4925 +/- 1238 and 4125 +/- 1276mg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1286 plus @entity1341 0.25% reduced the analgesic requirements during the first 6 postoperative hours compared with the control group. However, the combination of intraperitoneal @entity1341 0.25% and i.v. @entity1286 was more effective for treatment of @entity158 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Intraperitoneal application of XXXX plus @entity1286 for @entity158 relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizol']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intraperitoneal administration of a local anaesthetic in combination with an opioid, for the relief of @entity282 , has already been reported except after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at assessing the analgesic effect of the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1341 and @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a double-blind, randomized manner, one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally. There were 30 @entity1 in each group: Group 1, physiological saline 30 mL; Group 2, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL; Group 3, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL plus @entity1286 2 mg. In addition, Group 2 received 2 mg intravenous (i.v.) @entity1286 in 2 mL saline, and Groups 1 and 3, 2 mL saline intravenously. @entity1 ' @entity282 was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score. The postoperative analgesic requirement was assessed by the total dose of @entity10964 administered by an i.v. @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) device. @entity158 , vital signs, supplemental analgesic consumption and side-effects were recorded for all @entity1 for 24 h. RESULTS: There were no differences between the three groups regarding @entity158 scores (at rest and coughing) during the study except in the first 2 h, when scores were lower for @entity1 receiving intraperitoneal @entity1341 plus i.v. @entity1286 (P < 0.05). Supplemental consumption of @entity10964 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group 3 than in Group 1 during the first 6 h after surgery. However, the cumulative doses of @entity10964 were also lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 over the entire study (2025 +/- 1044 mg vs. 4925 +/- 1238 and 4125 +/- 1276mg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1286 plus @entity1341 0.25% reduced the analgesic requirements during the first 6 postoperative hours compared with the control group. However, the combination of intraperitoneal @entity1341 0.25% and i.v. @entity1286 was more effective for treatment of @entity158 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Intraperitoneal application of @entity1341 plus @entity1286 for XXXX relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intraperitoneal administration of a local anaesthetic in combination with an opioid, for the relief of @entity282 , has already been reported except after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study was aimed at assessing the analgesic effect of the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1341 and @entity1286 in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: At the end of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a double-blind, randomized manner, one of the following injections was given intraperitoneally. There were 30 @entity1 in each group: Group 1, physiological saline 30 mL; Group 2, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL; Group 3, @entity1341 0.25% 30 mL plus @entity1286 2 mg. In addition, Group 2 received 2 mg intravenous (i.v.) @entity1286 in 2 mL saline, and Groups 1 and 3, 2 mL saline intravenously. @entity1 ' @entity282 was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a verbal rating score. The postoperative analgesic requirement was assessed by the total dose of @entity10964 administered by an i.v. @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) device. @entity158 , vital signs, supplemental analgesic consumption and side-effects were recorded for all @entity1 for 24 h. RESULTS: There were no differences between the three groups regarding @entity158 scores (at rest and coughing) during the study except in the first 2 h, when scores were lower for @entity1 receiving intraperitoneal @entity1341 plus i.v. @entity1286 (P < 0.05). Supplemental consumption of @entity10964 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Group 3 than in Group 1 during the first 6 h after surgery. However, the cumulative doses of @entity10964 were also lower in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3 over the entire study (2025 +/- 1044 mg vs. 4925 +/- 1238 and 4125 +/- 1276mg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the intraperitoneal administration of @entity1286 plus @entity1341 0.25% reduced the analgesic requirements during the first 6 postoperative hours compared with the control group. However, the combination of intraperitoneal @entity1341 0.25% and i.v. @entity1286 was more effective for treatment of @entity158 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: Intraperitoneal application of @entity1341 plus XXXX for @entity158 relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The @entity1 mortality rate (IMR) was analysed among single, twin and triplet births during the period from 1995 to 1998 using Japanese Vital Statistics. This study also investigated the effects of order of multiple births and of birthweight on the IMR. Proportions of neonatal @entity204 among total @entity1 @entity204 were about 1/2 for singletons and 3/4 for both twins and triplets. Thus, to reduce the IMR, intensive care of multiple births is likely to be very important during the first month of life. The IMR was higher in males than females for both singletons and twins, but not in triplets. Relative risks of the IMR in multiples relative to singletons were 5-fold in twins and 12-fold in triplets. The IMR was higher in the second-born (18 per 1000 live births) than the first-born (16) twin and higher in the third-born (51) than the first-born (31) and the second-born (34) triplet. The higher risk in the second-born than the first-born twin may be related to delivery complications. The IMR decreased rapidly as birthweight increased in singletons, twins, and triplets. IMRs for < or =1500 g were 2.4 per 1000 live births in singletons, 5.9 in twins and 6.1 in triplets. The corresponding proportions of @entity1 @entity204 were 75%, 33% and 10% respectively. The higher relative risks of multiple births are almost entirely the result of the lower birthweight distribution among twins and triplets. To reduce the IMR, birthweight is an important factor in twins, triplets and singletons. The overall early @entity204 rate decreased as gestational age rose in singletons, twins and triplets. For birthweights <1000 g, higher IMRs were related to gestational ages of <28 weeks.

title: XXXX mortality rates in single, twin and triplet births, and influencing factors in Japan, 1995-98.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: It is well known that imbalances in the dietary electrolytes are associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). On the other hand, a prolonged heart rate corrected-QT (QTc) interval is associated with an increased risk of @entity299 , the incidence of @entity65 and @entity1164 . This study was designed to clarify the association between the nutritional status and the QTc interval in elderly subjects. The subjects included 119 elderly subjects (46 males and 73 females, age; 72.9  4.8 y) without a history of @entity65 , who were taking cardioactive drugs. Resting 12-lead electrocardiography was performed, while the QTc interval was calculated according to Bazett's formula. The nutritional status was assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. The subjects were divided into three categories, which were defined as equally trisected distributions of the body mass index (BMI). The QTc interval was significantly longer in both the low and high BMI groups than in the moderate BMI group in both genders (p<0.05, respectively). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed the QTc interval to be independently associated with the @entity972 intake in the low BMI group and the @entity1372 intake in the high BMI group in both genders (p<0.05, respectively). These results suggest that the body mass, especially lean body mass and overweight, were associated with a @entity1162 and dietary electrolytes in elderly subjects. Based on our results, we consider that it is necessary to perform dietary counseling, especially focusing on @entity1372 and @entity972 intake, depending on the body mass.

title: Influence of Dietary @entity1372 and XXXX Intake on the Heart Rate Corrected-QT Interval in Elderly Subjects.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic nervous system dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc interval']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: It is well known that imbalances in the dietary electrolytes are associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). On the other hand, a prolonged heart rate corrected-QT (QTc) interval is associated with an increased risk of @entity299 , the incidence of @entity65 and @entity1164 . This study was designed to clarify the association between the nutritional status and the QTc interval in elderly subjects. The subjects included 119 elderly subjects (46 males and 73 females, age; 72.9  4.8 y) without a history of @entity65 , who were taking cardioactive drugs. Resting 12-lead electrocardiography was performed, while the QTc interval was calculated according to Bazett's formula. The nutritional status was assessed using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. The subjects were divided into three categories, which were defined as equally trisected distributions of the body mass index (BMI). The QTc interval was significantly longer in both the low and high BMI groups than in the moderate BMI group in both genders (p<0.05, respectively). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed the QTc interval to be independently associated with the @entity972 intake in the low BMI group and the @entity1372 intake in the high BMI group in both genders (p<0.05, respectively). These results suggest that the body mass, especially lean body mass and overweight, were associated with a @entity1162 and dietary electrolytes in elderly subjects. Based on our results, we consider that it is necessary to perform dietary counseling, especially focusing on @entity1372 and @entity972 intake, depending on the body mass.

title: Influence of Dietary XXXX and @entity972 Intake on the Heart Rate Corrected-QT Interval in Elderly Subjects.

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['Sodium']


abstract: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae; Chinese artichoke, a tuber), "chorogi" in Japanese, has been extensively used in folk medicine, and has a number of pharmacological properties, including antioxidative activity. However, few studies have examined the neuroprotective effects of S. sieboldii tuber extract (chorogi extract), and it remains unknown whether the extract can alleviate @entity4207 associated with @entity1294 or @entity195 . Therefore, in this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of chorogi extract, and examined its protection against @entity4207 using @entity4044 leaf extract ( @entity4044 extract) as a positive control. @entity19 were subjected to bilateral carotid @entity432 (BCAO) for 30 min. Oral administration of chorogi extract or @entity4044 extract significantly reduced post-ischemic @entity413 intolerance on day 1 and @entity528 including @entity2414 on day 3 after BCAO, compared with the vehicle-treated group. Neither herbal medicine affected locomotor activity. Furthermore, neither significantly alleviated @entity5591 -induced @entity73 . In primary neurons, neuronal survival rate was significantly reduced by @entity273 treatment. This @entity273 -induced @entity2359 was significantly suppressed by chorogi extract and @entity4044 extract. Taken together, our findings suggest that chorogi extract as well as @entity4044 extract can protect against @entity4207 associated with @entity2806 through an antioxidative mechanism.

title: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae, Chorogi) Protects against XXXX Associated with @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['learning and memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and memory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba', 'ginkgo']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['Learning and Memory Dysfunction']


abstract: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae; Chinese artichoke, a tuber), "chorogi" in Japanese, has been extensively used in folk medicine, and has a number of pharmacological properties, including antioxidative activity. However, few studies have examined the neuroprotective effects of S. sieboldii tuber extract (chorogi extract), and it remains unknown whether the extract can alleviate @entity4207 associated with @entity1294 or @entity195 . Therefore, in this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of chorogi extract, and examined its protection against @entity4207 using @entity4044 leaf extract ( @entity4044 extract) as a positive control. @entity19 were subjected to bilateral carotid @entity432 (BCAO) for 30 min. Oral administration of chorogi extract or @entity4044 extract significantly reduced post-ischemic @entity413 intolerance on day 1 and @entity528 including @entity2414 on day 3 after BCAO, compared with the vehicle-treated group. Neither herbal medicine affected locomotor activity. Furthermore, neither significantly alleviated @entity5591 -induced @entity73 . In primary neurons, neuronal survival rate was significantly reduced by @entity273 treatment. This @entity273 -induced @entity2359 was significantly suppressed by chorogi extract and @entity4044 extract. Taken together, our findings suggest that chorogi extract as well as @entity4044 extract can protect against @entity4207 associated with @entity2806 through an antioxidative mechanism.

title: Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae, Chorogi) Protects against @entity4207 Associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Brain Injury']


abstract: In 2001, the International Rett Syndrome Association funded the establishment of a World Wide Web-based database to collect and display the genetic data of @entity1 and adults with @entity6694 from around the world. RettBASE (<http:// @entity8251 .chw.edu.au>) encompasses both published and unpublished data; includes pathogenic mutations, benign polymorphisms, and sequence variations of uncertain significance; and has a range of query capabilities, allowing for simple or complex interrogation of the database. To undertake genotype-phenotype correlations and to identify the likely subtle differences in phenotype, detailed phenotype data on large samples will be provided by the International Rett Syndrome Association International Phenotype database InterRett. InterRett is under development by the Australian @entity6694 study group at the Telethon Institute for @entity1 Health Research in Perth, Western Australia. It will collect data from clinicians and families and provide deidentified, collated data on the Internet (<http://www.ichr.uwa.edu.au/rett/irsa>). Data records will be linked with RettBASE through a common unique identifier. An international reference panel is advising on the development of the database. Data collection procedures from families and clinicians are currently being piloted. Full data collection from both groups began in the second half of 2003. Concurrently, the output database will be developed to provide deidentified individual records and collated data for clinicians and researchers and collated data for families and the general public. This Web-based database will be an invaluable resource for understanding the nature of the disorder and managing @entity1 and adults with @entity6694 .

title: InterRett and RettBASE: International Rett Syndrome Association databases for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: Since its introduction in the 1970s percutaneous treatment of @entity890 has been an attractive concept that has been the object of technical development and clinical application throughout the world. Little scientific evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of the procedure has been done. To estimate the success rates of automated percutaneous and conventional discectomy in comparable @entity1 and to document the resource consumption of @entity1 treated in these ways, a multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to compare both treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness of automated percutaneous discectomy and conventional discectomy in adult @entity1 with no prior lumbar spinal surgery, no coexistent lumbar spinal disease, unilateral single level @entity614 with images confirming disc herniation at the appropriate level. In the course of the trial important technical advances allowing epidural extraction of free-fragment disc herniation was incorporated into the trial. It was not possible to enroll the required number of @entity1 to complete the trial. Of 5735 screened @entity1 , 95 were eligible and 36 were enrolled. Two elected watchful waiting and did not have any surgical procedure. Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Among the 27 evaluable @entity1 , 41% of the percutaneous discectomy @entity1 and 40% of the conventional discectomy @entity1 were assessed as achieving "success" on the primary outcome measure. No clinical trial of any percutaneous discectomy technique provides definitive evidence supporting the efficacy or effectiveness of the procedure. Such evidence should be required by @entity1 to whom such procedures are proposed and those who are asked to pay for them.

title: Discectomy strategies for XXXX : results of the LAPDOG trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: AIM: To describe a case of primary @entity4585 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 43-year-old @entity1 presented with a painless @entity4 . There was no previous history of @entity1503 . Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examination showed an intratesticular mass extending to the surrounding scrotal tissues including the epididymis. Inguinal radical orchiectomy was followed by a macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the strong positivity of the neoplastic cells for leucocyte common antigen (LCA), @entity3335 , @entity2280 and CD-117. All imaging and laboratory tests for metastatic or @entity1503 , including a bone marrow biopsy, were negative, leading to the diagnosis of a primary @entity4585 of the @entity1062 . CONCLUSION: Although chloromas usually manifest in @entity1 with a @entity1583 , isolated cases may occur. The low specificity of imaging and, occasionally, microscopic examination is challenging for the right diagnosis. The role of immunohistochemistry in conjunction with the clinical, imaging and laboratory findings is crucial to reach the correct diagnosis.

title: Radiologic and pathologic features of a primary XXXX of the @entity1062 : a case report and brief review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['testicular swelling']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy or hematologic disease', 'hematologic disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4585 :: ('MESH:D023981', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytic sarcoma']

answer: @entity4585 :: (MESH:D023981,Disease) :: ['chloroma']


abstract: AIM: To describe a case of primary @entity4585 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 43-year-old @entity1 presented with a painless @entity4 . There was no previous history of @entity1503 . Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging examination showed an intratesticular mass extending to the surrounding scrotal tissues including the epididymis. Inguinal radical orchiectomy was followed by a macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the strong positivity of the neoplastic cells for leucocyte common antigen (LCA), @entity3335 , @entity2280 and CD-117. All imaging and laboratory tests for metastatic or @entity1503 , including a bone marrow biopsy, were negative, leading to the diagnosis of a primary @entity4585 of the @entity1062 . CONCLUSION: Although chloromas usually manifest in @entity1 with a @entity1583 , isolated cases may occur. The low specificity of imaging and, occasionally, microscopic examination is challenging for the right diagnosis. The role of immunohistochemistry in conjunction with the clinical, imaging and laboratory findings is crucial to reach the correct diagnosis.

title: Radiologic and pathologic features of a primary @entity4585 of the XXXX : a case report and brief review of the literature.

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown the positive effects of multidisciplinary rehabilitation on disability and health-related quality of life in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, many @entity1 do not seek such treatment, even if it is available free of charge. The aim of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers related to use of such treatment options. METHODS: Five focus group interviews with 27 @entity15 @entity1 were conducted. Three groups included @entity1 who had been admitted to a multidisciplinary @entity15 rehabilitation institution, and two groups included outpatients of a university hospital who had not applied for specialized rehabilitation. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and were analyzed qualitatively by means of a modified form of systematic text condensation. RESULTS: Important factors influencing the use of an @entity15 rehabilitation service were 1) the availability and suitability of initial information about the disease and the service, 2) assumptions and expectations about such a service, and 3) practical barriers in the @entity1 's life. The prospect of having a retreat from work and family was described as a motivational factor. Lack of reorientation after diagnosis, fears and perceptions of being labeled as an @entity15 @entity1 , or having information overload and being confronted with disabled individuals were identified as barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Communication skills, including information-giving skills, of neurologists in relation to newly diagnosed @entity15 @entity1 need improvement. Rehabilitation programs for @entity15 @entity1 should include stays of different durations and purposes to fit @entity1 ' needs. Health-care authorities should take measures to secure equal access to information about rehabilitation options across institutions and practicing physicians.

title: Barriers and Facilitators Related to Rehabilitation Stays in XXXX : A Qualitative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: 1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage is associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory damage and aggravation of gut inflammatory conditions. NSAIDs also exert a preventive effect against @entity694 that seems to be due to increased colon cell apoptosis. NSAIDs have been shown to modulate the release of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) in some cells. In the present study we analysed the effect of these drugs on secretion of CSFs and apoptosis in @entity1 colon epithelial cells (HT-29). 2. HT-29 cells secreted bioactive levels of @entity2841 , @entity1261 and @entity6824 when stimulated with IL-1ss and @entity310 , and @entity3522 (10(-7)-10(-4) M), @entity3352 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and @entity11141 (10(-5)-10(-2) M) induced concentration-dependent increases in @entity2841 secretion. 3. Reduced secretion of @entity1261 and @entity6824 and increased cell apoptosis were observed with the highest concentrations of these non-selective NSAIDs. 4. No changes in any CSF release or HT-29 cell apoptosis were detected in the presence of the @entity2247 selective inhibitor DFP (10(-7)-10(-4) M). 5. Neither the exogenous addition of CSFs nor the blockade of secreted CSFs modified apoptosis in HT-29 cells stimulated with cytokines and/or NSAIDs. 6. These results suggest that colon epithelial cells can contribute to local inflammatory responses by releasing CSFs and thus extend the life span of local leukocytes. Modulation of CSF levels by non-selective NSAIDs may be involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of these agents in the gut.

title: Relationship between endogenous colony stimulating factors and apoptosis in @entity1 XXXX cells: role of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: 1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage is associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory damage and aggravation of gut inflammatory conditions. NSAIDs also exert a preventive effect against @entity694 that seems to be due to increased colon cell apoptosis. NSAIDs have been shown to modulate the release of colony stimulating factors (CSFs) in some cells. In the present study we analysed the effect of these drugs on secretion of CSFs and apoptosis in @entity1 colon epithelial cells (HT-29). 2. HT-29 cells secreted bioactive levels of @entity2841 , @entity1261 and @entity6824 when stimulated with IL-1ss and @entity310 , and @entity3522 (10(-7)-10(-4) M), @entity3352 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) and @entity11141 (10(-5)-10(-2) M) induced concentration-dependent increases in @entity2841 secretion. 3. Reduced secretion of @entity1261 and @entity6824 and increased cell apoptosis were observed with the highest concentrations of these non-selective NSAIDs. 4. No changes in any CSF release or HT-29 cell apoptosis were detected in the presence of the @entity2247 selective inhibitor DFP (10(-7)-10(-4) M). 5. Neither the exogenous addition of CSFs nor the blockade of secreted CSFs modified apoptosis in HT-29 cells stimulated with cytokines and/or NSAIDs. 6. These results suggest that colon epithelial cells can contribute to local inflammatory responses by releasing CSFs and thus extend the life span of local leukocytes. Modulation of CSF levels by non-selective NSAIDs may be involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of these agents in the gut.

title: Relationship between endogenous colony stimulating factors and apoptosis in XXXX @entity694 cells: role of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity281 rate, causative dermatophytes, and dermatophyte dissemination of @entity14654 in young healthy Japanese were studied by direct microscopic examination, slant cultures, and foot-press culture method. Questionnaires on subjective symptoms and treatments were also distributed. Among fifty-eight medical students with a mean age of 23.9 years, thirteen (22.4%) showed positive by direct microscopic examination and @entity12736 was more dominant than @entity12734 by slant cultures. In one hundred and sixteen student feet, twelve were @entity281 and disseminating dermatophytes, four were @entity281 but not disseminating, three were not @entity281 but adhering dermatophytes. The @entity281 rate of @entity14654 was thus 24.1%. Among thirty-seven research workers (mean age: 34.8), twenty-one (56.8%) showed positive by direct microscopic examination. All the dermatophytes isolated by slant cultures were @entity12736 . In seventy-four feet, twenty-nine were @entity281 and disseminating, ten were @entity281 but not disseminating, and three were adhering dermatophytes. The @entity281 rate was 64.9%. Among thirty-one females wearing boots (mean age: 21.0), seven (22.6%) were @entity281 and @entity12736 was more dominant. In sixty-two feet, eight were @entity281 and disseminating, one was @entity281 but not disseminating, and five were adhering dermatophytes. The @entity281 rate of @entity14654 was quite high and T.r/T.m rate was low in the three groups. Most of the @entity1 had had no treatment and were disseminating dermatophytes.

title: [Epidemiological investigation of XXXX in groups of healthy students, research workers and females wearing boots].

entities_list: @entity14654 :: ('MESH:D014008', 'Disease') :: ['tinea pedis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes']

answer: @entity14654 :: (MESH:D014008,Disease) :: ['tinea pedis']


abstract: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakai Municipal Hospital. A total of 40 outpatients with @entity4013 unguium of the toenails, fingernails or both took part after giving voluntary written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were suggestive clinical appearance, a positive KOH preparation and an opaqueness of more than 50% of the nail length. The @entity1 received 125 mg @entity8974 once a day. The medication was taken after the evening meal and treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Medication stopped in twenty @entity1 who responded well and a follow-up study was continued for 64 weeks. In the other 20 @entity1 , medication was continued for 24 weeks and the follow-up study continued for 64 weeks. At 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were evaluated for their clinical and mycological statuses and adverse reactions. Clipping of distal nail samples, including any attached subungual tissue, was done using nail clippers at 4-week intervals after cessation of therapy and the level of @entity8974 was measured in the laboratory. No adverse reactions were detected. Tinea unguium of fingernails (1) and the third toes (2) were cured easily in the short term in the 12 week therapy group. One case in the 24 week therapy group was excluded because systemic @entity134 therapy was started for bullous pemphigoid at 32 weeks. The results of treatment of big toe @entity6313 were compared between the 12 week (17) and the 24 week (19). In the former group, 9 (52.9%) showed complete cure and 8 (47.1%) showed relapse or worse after cessation of therapy was. In 24 week therapy group, complete cure was achieved in 14 (73.7%) and relapse or worse in 5 (26.3%). The cure rate between the 2 groups was statistically not significant. @entity8974 was detected in the target nails up to 24 weeks after cessation of medication in both groups. @entity6313 or @entity4013 pedis reappeared in a few cases 12 to 16 weeks after medication ceased in the 12 week group. Topical antimycological therapy is necessary after cessation of oral @entity8974 .

title: [Treatment of @entity4013 unguium with XXXX : an open study comparing twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of continuous @entity8974 therapy, and determination of @entity8974 level in the target nails].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakai Municipal Hospital. A total of 40 outpatients with @entity4013 unguium of the toenails, fingernails or both took part after giving voluntary written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were suggestive clinical appearance, a positive KOH preparation and an opaqueness of more than 50% of the nail length. The @entity1 received 125 mg @entity8974 once a day. The medication was taken after the evening meal and treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Medication stopped in twenty @entity1 who responded well and a follow-up study was continued for 64 weeks. In the other 20 @entity1 , medication was continued for 24 weeks and the follow-up study continued for 64 weeks. At 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were evaluated for their clinical and mycological statuses and adverse reactions. Clipping of distal nail samples, including any attached subungual tissue, was done using nail clippers at 4-week intervals after cessation of therapy and the level of @entity8974 was measured in the laboratory. No adverse reactions were detected. Tinea unguium of fingernails (1) and the third toes (2) were cured easily in the short term in the 12 week therapy group. One case in the 24 week therapy group was excluded because systemic @entity134 therapy was started for bullous pemphigoid at 32 weeks. The results of treatment of big toe @entity6313 were compared between the 12 week (17) and the 24 week (19). In the former group, 9 (52.9%) showed complete cure and 8 (47.1%) showed relapse or worse after cessation of therapy was. In 24 week therapy group, complete cure was achieved in 14 (73.7%) and relapse or worse in 5 (26.3%). The cure rate between the 2 groups was statistically not significant. @entity8974 was detected in the target nails up to 24 weeks after cessation of medication in both groups. @entity6313 or @entity4013 pedis reappeared in a few cases 12 to 16 weeks after medication ceased in the 12 week group. Topical antimycological therapy is necessary after cessation of oral @entity8974 .

title: [Treatment of @entity4013 unguium with @entity8974 : an open study comparing twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of continuous XXXX therapy, and determination of @entity8974 level in the target nails].

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakai Municipal Hospital. A total of 40 outpatients with @entity4013 unguium of the toenails, fingernails or both took part after giving voluntary written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were suggestive clinical appearance, a positive KOH preparation and an opaqueness of more than 50% of the nail length. The @entity1 received 125 mg @entity8974 once a day. The medication was taken after the evening meal and treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Medication stopped in twenty @entity1 who responded well and a follow-up study was continued for 64 weeks. In the other 20 @entity1 , medication was continued for 24 weeks and the follow-up study continued for 64 weeks. At 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were evaluated for their clinical and mycological statuses and adverse reactions. Clipping of distal nail samples, including any attached subungual tissue, was done using nail clippers at 4-week intervals after cessation of therapy and the level of @entity8974 was measured in the laboratory. No adverse reactions were detected. Tinea unguium of fingernails (1) and the third toes (2) were cured easily in the short term in the 12 week therapy group. One case in the 24 week therapy group was excluded because systemic @entity134 therapy was started for bullous pemphigoid at 32 weeks. The results of treatment of big toe @entity6313 were compared between the 12 week (17) and the 24 week (19). In the former group, 9 (52.9%) showed complete cure and 8 (47.1%) showed relapse or worse after cessation of therapy was. In 24 week therapy group, complete cure was achieved in 14 (73.7%) and relapse or worse in 5 (26.3%). The cure rate between the 2 groups was statistically not significant. @entity8974 was detected in the target nails up to 24 weeks after cessation of medication in both groups. @entity6313 or @entity4013 pedis reappeared in a few cases 12 to 16 weeks after medication ceased in the 12 week group. Topical antimycological therapy is necessary after cessation of oral @entity8974 .

title: [Treatment of @entity4013 unguium with @entity8974 : an open study comparing twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of continuous @entity8974 therapy, and determination of XXXX level in the target nails].

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakai Municipal Hospital. A total of 40 outpatients with @entity4013 unguium of the toenails, fingernails or both took part after giving voluntary written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were suggestive clinical appearance, a positive KOH preparation and an opaqueness of more than 50% of the nail length. The @entity1 received 125 mg @entity8974 once a day. The medication was taken after the evening meal and treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Medication stopped in twenty @entity1 who responded well and a follow-up study was continued for 64 weeks. In the other 20 @entity1 , medication was continued for 24 weeks and the follow-up study continued for 64 weeks. At 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were evaluated for their clinical and mycological statuses and adverse reactions. Clipping of distal nail samples, including any attached subungual tissue, was done using nail clippers at 4-week intervals after cessation of therapy and the level of @entity8974 was measured in the laboratory. No adverse reactions were detected. Tinea unguium of fingernails (1) and the third toes (2) were cured easily in the short term in the 12 week therapy group. One case in the 24 week therapy group was excluded because systemic @entity134 therapy was started for bullous pemphigoid at 32 weeks. The results of treatment of big toe @entity6313 were compared between the 12 week (17) and the 24 week (19). In the former group, 9 (52.9%) showed complete cure and 8 (47.1%) showed relapse or worse after cessation of therapy was. In 24 week therapy group, complete cure was achieved in 14 (73.7%) and relapse or worse in 5 (26.3%). The cure rate between the 2 groups was statistically not significant. @entity8974 was detected in the target nails up to 24 weeks after cessation of medication in both groups. @entity6313 or @entity4013 pedis reappeared in a few cases 12 to 16 weeks after medication ceased in the 12 week group. Topical antimycological therapy is necessary after cessation of oral @entity8974 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX unguium with @entity8974 : an open study comparing twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of continuous @entity8974 therapy, and determination of @entity8974 level in the target nails].

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea']


abstract: @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is a @entity179 resulting from homozygous loss of the @entity11280 gene. @entity23247 , a nearly identical copy gene, is preserved in @entity2057 @entity1 . A single @entity377 difference between @entity11280 and @entity23247 causes exon 7 skipping in the majority of @entity23247 mRNA. Gene therapy through modulation of @entity23247 gene transcription in @entity2057 @entity1 may be possible. We constructed a series of @entity11280 mini-genes comprised of @entity11280 exon 6 to exon 8 sequences fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP) or luciferase reporters, to monitor @entity11280 exon 7 splicing. These reporters recapitulated the splicing patterns of the endogenous @entity11280 gene in stable cell lines. The @entity11280 -luciferase reporter was approximately 3.5-fold more active than @entity23247 -luciferase and @entity11280 -GFP intensities were visually distinguishable from @entity23247 -GFP. We have screened chemical inducers and inhibitors of kinase pathways using stable @entity11280 -reporter lines and found that the phosphatase inhibitor @entity8870 specifically stimulated exon 7 inclusion within @entity23247 mRNAs. This is the first compound identified that can stimulate exon 7 inclusion into transcripts derived from the endogenous @entity23247 gene. These results demonstrate that this system can be utilized to identify small molecules that regulate the splicing of @entity11280 exon 7.

title: An in vivo reporter system for measuring increased inclusion of exon 7 in @entity23247 mRNA: potential therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative motor neuron disorder']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium vanadate']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['SMA']


abstract: @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) is a @entity179 resulting from homozygous loss of the @entity11280 gene. @entity23247 , a nearly identical copy gene, is preserved in @entity2057 @entity1 . A single @entity377 difference between @entity11280 and @entity23247 causes exon 7 skipping in the majority of @entity23247 mRNA. Gene therapy through modulation of @entity23247 gene transcription in @entity2057 @entity1 may be possible. We constructed a series of @entity11280 mini-genes comprised of @entity11280 exon 6 to exon 8 sequences fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP) or luciferase reporters, to monitor @entity11280 exon 7 splicing. These reporters recapitulated the splicing patterns of the endogenous @entity11280 gene in stable cell lines. The @entity11280 -luciferase reporter was approximately 3.5-fold more active than @entity23247 -luciferase and @entity11280 -GFP intensities were visually distinguishable from @entity23247 -GFP. We have screened chemical inducers and inhibitors of kinase pathways using stable @entity11280 -reporter lines and found that the phosphatase inhibitor @entity8870 specifically stimulated exon 7 inclusion within @entity23247 mRNAs. This is the first compound identified that can stimulate exon 7 inclusion into transcripts derived from the endogenous @entity23247 gene. These results demonstrate that this system can be utilized to identify small molecules that regulate the splicing of @entity11280 exon 7.

title: An in vivo reporter system for measuring increased inclusion of exon 7 in XXXX mRNA: potential therapy of @entity2057 .

answer: @entity23247 :: (6607,Gene) :: ['SMN2']


abstract: The evolutionarily conserved Runt homology domain is characteristic of the RUNX family of heterodimeric eukaryotic transcription factors, including @entity5316 , @entity8087 and @entity10429 . The genes for @entity5316 , also termed acute @entity2800 protein 1, @entity5316 , and its dimerization partner core-binding factor beta, @entity17793 , are essential for hematopoietic development and are together the most common targets for gene rearrangements in acute @entity1 @entity1778 . Here, we describe the crystal structure of the uncomplexed @entity5316 Runt domain at 1.25A resolution and compare its conformation to previously published structures in complex with DNA, @entity17793 or both. We find that complex formation induces significant structural rearrangements in this immunoglobulin (Ig)-like DNA-binding domain. Most pronounced is the movement of loop L11, which changes from a closed conformation in the free Runt structure to an open conformation in the @entity17793 -bound and DNA-bound forms. This transition, which we refer to as the S-switch, and accompanying structural movements that affect other parts of the Runt domain are crucial for sustained DNA binding. The closed to open transition can be induced by @entity17793 alone; suggesting that one role of @entity17793 is to trigger the S-switch and to stabilize the Runt domain in a conformation enhanced for DNA binding.A feature of the Runt domain hitherto unobserved in any Ig-like DNA-binding domain is the presence of two specifically bound @entity2865 ions. One @entity2865 ion is coordinated by @entity535 residues that make direct DNA contact. In a series of electrophoretic mobility-shift analyses, we demonstrate a @entity2865 ion concentration-dependent stimulation of the DNA-binding activity of Runt in the physiological range. A comparable DNA-binding stimulation was observed for negatively charged @entity535 residues. This suggests a regulatory mechanism of RUNX proteins through acidic @entity535 residues provided by activation domains during cooperative interaction with other transcription factors.

title: The @entity5316 Runt domain at 1.25A resolution: a structural switch and specifically bound XXXX ions modulate DNA binding.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: The evolutionarily conserved Runt homology domain is characteristic of the RUNX family of heterodimeric eukaryotic transcription factors, including @entity5316 , @entity8087 and @entity10429 . The genes for @entity5316 , also termed acute @entity2800 protein 1, @entity5316 , and its dimerization partner core-binding factor beta, @entity17793 , are essential for hematopoietic development and are together the most common targets for gene rearrangements in acute @entity1 @entity1778 . Here, we describe the crystal structure of the uncomplexed @entity5316 Runt domain at 1.25A resolution and compare its conformation to previously published structures in complex with DNA, @entity17793 or both. We find that complex formation induces significant structural rearrangements in this immunoglobulin (Ig)-like DNA-binding domain. Most pronounced is the movement of loop L11, which changes from a closed conformation in the free Runt structure to an open conformation in the @entity17793 -bound and DNA-bound forms. This transition, which we refer to as the S-switch, and accompanying structural movements that affect other parts of the Runt domain are crucial for sustained DNA binding. The closed to open transition can be induced by @entity17793 alone; suggesting that one role of @entity17793 is to trigger the S-switch and to stabilize the Runt domain in a conformation enhanced for DNA binding.A feature of the Runt domain hitherto unobserved in any Ig-like DNA-binding domain is the presence of two specifically bound @entity2865 ions. One @entity2865 ion is coordinated by @entity535 residues that make direct DNA contact. In a series of electrophoretic mobility-shift analyses, we demonstrate a @entity2865 ion concentration-dependent stimulation of the DNA-binding activity of Runt in the physiological range. A comparable DNA-binding stimulation was observed for negatively charged @entity535 residues. This suggests a regulatory mechanism of RUNX proteins through acidic @entity535 residues provided by activation domains during cooperative interaction with other transcription factors.

title: The XXXX Runt domain at 1.25A resolution: a structural switch and specifically bound @entity2865 ions modulate DNA binding.

answer: @entity5316 :: (861,Gene) :: ['RUNX1']


abstract: The aim of this study was to search for differences in the EEG of first-episode, drug-naive @entity1 having a @entity161 which presented different time courses in response to antipsychotic treatment. Thirteen @entity1 who fulfilled DSM-IV diagnosis for @entity161 or @entity914 participated in this study. Before beginning antipsychotic treatment, the EEG was recorded. On the same day psychopathological ratings were assessed using the ADMDP system, and again after 7 and 28 days of treatment. The resting EEG (19 leads) was subject to spectral analysis involving power values for six frequency bands. The score for the @entity161 was used to divide the @entity1 into two groups: those who displayed a clinically meaningful improvement of this syndrome (reduction of more than 30%) after 7 days of treatment (early responders, ER) and those who showed this improvement after 28 days (late responders. LR). Analysis of variance for repeated measures between ER, LR and their matched controls with the 19 EEG leads yielded highly significant differences for the factor group in the alpha2 and @entity2263 frequency band. No difference was found between the slow-wave frequency bands. Compared to controls the LR group showed significantly higher alpha2 and @entity2263 power and, in comparison to the ER group, significantly higher alpha2 power. There were no significant differences between the ER and the control group. These findings point to differences in brain physiology between ER and LR. The implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

title: Differences in the EEG profiles of early and late responders to antipsychotic treatment in first-episode, drug-naive psychotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for treatment of @entity1822 in a Xenograft nude @entity19 model. METHODS: A total of 65 athymic @entity19 were inoculated subcutaneously with 5 to 7 x 10(6) ELT-5B cells, a @entity1822 cell line derived from the Eker @entity35 . Thirty animals showed @entity5 growth. The @entity5 volume was measured transcutaneously once a week. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: HIFU treatment (n = 17), sham treatment (n = 7), and control (n = 6). A HIFU device, operating at a frequency of 2.0 MHz and an intensity of 2000 W/cm(2), was used for treatment. RESULTS: Within 3 weeks of a single HIFU treatment, 100% reduction in @entity5 volume was observed in all animals, except one. A second HIFU treatment was applied to that animal, resulting in 100% reduction in @entity5 volume. The @entity5 in the sham-treated animals continued to grow at a similar rate to that of the control group to approximately 500% of the @entity5 volume at the time of treatment. All animals were monitored for a maximum of 3 months. No @entity3 was observed in the HIFU-treated animals. Histological examination confirmed a complete @entity5 disappearance after HIFU treatment. CONCLUSION: We have shown that HIFU can effectively treat @entity1822 tumors inoculated in Xenograft @entity19 , demonstrating HIFU's potential use for treatment of recurrent @entity1822 .

title: XXXX in a xenograft nude @entity19 model using high-intensity focused ultrasound: a potential treatment modality for recurrent pelvic disease.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Treatment of uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for treatment of @entity1822 in a Xenograft nude @entity19 model. METHODS: A total of 65 athymic @entity19 were inoculated subcutaneously with 5 to 7 x 10(6) ELT-5B cells, a @entity1822 cell line derived from the Eker @entity35 . Thirty animals showed @entity5 growth. The @entity5 volume was measured transcutaneously once a week. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: HIFU treatment (n = 17), sham treatment (n = 7), and control (n = 6). A HIFU device, operating at a frequency of 2.0 MHz and an intensity of 2000 W/cm(2), was used for treatment. RESULTS: Within 3 weeks of a single HIFU treatment, 100% reduction in @entity5 volume was observed in all animals, except one. A second HIFU treatment was applied to that animal, resulting in 100% reduction in @entity5 volume. The @entity5 in the sham-treated animals continued to grow at a similar rate to that of the control group to approximately 500% of the @entity5 volume at the time of treatment. All animals were monitored for a maximum of 3 months. No @entity3 was observed in the HIFU-treated animals. Histological examination confirmed a complete @entity5 disappearance after HIFU treatment. CONCLUSION: We have shown that HIFU can effectively treat @entity1822 tumors inoculated in Xenograft @entity19 , demonstrating HIFU's potential use for treatment of recurrent @entity1822 .

title: @entity1822 in a xenograft nude XXXX model using high-intensity focused ultrasound: a potential treatment modality for recurrent pelvic disease.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity717 in @entity191 , notably dampened during sleep, are associated with @entity2915 of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), whose origin is controversial. We have studied, on non-anaesthetized head-restrained @entity35 , the STN spontaneous unit activity and the one of its principal GABAergic afferents, the globus pallidus (GP). In normal @entity35 , STN neurons shifted from a random discharge in wakefulness (W) to a bursting pattern in @entity25 ( @entity25 ), without any change in their mean firing rate. In contrast GP neurons, with a mean firing rate higher in W than in @entity25 , exhibited a relatively regular discharge rate whatever the vigilance state. During @entity25 , both STN and GP neurons increased markedly their firing rate. When applied during W, @entity1246 -A antagonists increased the STN firing rate but did not change the typical W random pattern. When applied during @entity25 , they strongly reinforced the spontaneous burst pattern into a particularly marked one with instantaneous frequencies reaching 500Hz. @entity25 -W transitions occurring during ongoing antagonist iontophoresis invariably disrupted this burst pattern into a random one. On @entity2955 unilaterally treated @entity35 , the ipsilateral STN was hyperactive whatever the vigilance state (with an abnormal burst pattern during W on some neurons), but this @entity2915 did not seem to be associated with a @entity13299 . These results show that STN activity is not inversely correlated with GP activity, that its discharge pattern is strongly dependent on vigilance states, that @entity1246 receptors do not play an exclusive role in regulating its firing pattern, and question the depolarization block hypothesis during STN high frequency stimulation.

title: [Wakefulness and central basal nuclei: experimental observations and possible implications in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['GP hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical sleep', 'slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Obstructive @entity387 is common and considered to be a risk factor for @entity101 , @entity64 and @entity301 . Accordingly, the presence of @entity387 is probably a predictor of @entity204 . Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment of @entity27 . It has been demonstrated that such treatment improves @entity25 and quality-of-life. To determine mortality in @entity27 @entity1 treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, we followed 296 @entity1 given continuous positive airway pressure for 11 years 6 months. At the end of the study 26 of the 296 @entity1 had died, mainly from @entity65 . Mortality was 7% (95% confidence interval: 3%-9%) at 5 years. Three independent factors of @entity204 identified by forward stepwise selection were included in a Cox analysis. These factors were 1) smoking as a categorical covariate (>30 pack-years), 2) age and 3) forced expiratory volume in 1 s. When the 52 @entity1 with an associated @entity1030 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/vital capacity<0.65) with @entity27 were excluded form analysis, mortality of the 244 remailing @entity1 was 2% at 5 years, a rate observed in the general population. Subsequently, it appears that nasal continuous positive airway pressure corrects for the risk of @entity204 suspected in @entity27 @entity1 . @entity27 @entity1 treated with continuous positive airway pressure is near to that of the general population, particularly when @entity1 with an associated chronic @entity1576 are excluded.

title: [Mortality in treated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'Mortality in obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: An adapted GH dose regimen was evaluated in 14 untreated @entity1 with @entity2689 . The initial GH dose (0.7 U/kg.BW) was increased by 0.7 U/kg.BW, up to a maximum of 2.1 U/kg.BW, when growth velocity (GV) declined to less than 200% of the pretreatment level. These @entity1 were compared to a group of 17 @entity1 with similar initial characteristics, who received a fixed dose of 0.9 U/kg.BW GH. Tolerance to both GH regimens was excellent. The adapted GH doses only partially prevented the waning effect observed with conventional doses of GH, and the initial goal of doubling GV was only achieved in 42% of the 112 @entity1 -semesters. Doubling the GH dose from 0.7 to 1.4 U/kg.BW increased the GV by 1.6 +/- 1.8 cm/yr (P < 0.006); increasing the GH dose from 1.4 to 2.1 U/kg.BW increased GV by 0.8 +/- 1.3 cm/yr (P = NS). The overall height gain during the 4-yr trial was 25.6 +/- 3.9 cm in the adapted dose group and 21.8 +/- 3.9 cm in the conventional group (P < 0.02). Final height (FH) results were obtained in 12 of 14 @entity1 in the adapted dose group and all 17 @entity1 in the conventional group and compared to the predicted FH using Lyon's method. The estimated height benefit was 10.6 +/- 3.8 cm in the adapted dose group compared to 5.2 +/- 3.7 cm in the conventional group (P < 0.01). Eighty-three percent of the @entity1 in the adapted dose group had an FH superior or equal to -2 SD score for the general population compared to 29% in the conventional group. In conclusion, a marked increment in the GH dose in @entity1 with @entity2689 associated with a relatively late age at introduction of @entity172 therapy brought 83% of the @entity1 into the lower range of the normal height distribution of the general population.

title: Near normalization of final height with adapted doses of growth hormone in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner's syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity30 is associated with high rates of postoperative recurrence. At 10 years after surgery a high percentage of @entity1 suffer recurrence (as many as 75% and above) and many of these (up to 45%) require re-intervention. The aim of the study was to identify, amongst the various "potential predictive factors", those which today should be considered "real risk factors" for postoperative recurrence. METHODS: A review of literature of the last 30 years was carried out. A medical literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Ovid Journals, Science Direct, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Potential risk factors related to the @entity1 , disease, type of surgery and pharmacological treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: According to most Authors predictive factors, in addition to smoke, are also represented by an extent of disease superior to 100  cm and by absence of postoperative pharmacological treatment. Moreover, according to "the second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and the management of @entity30 : Special situations", localization of disease in the colon, penetrative behavior of disease, extensive small bowel resection and prior intestinal surgery should also be considered predictive factors. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of postoperative recurrence in @entity30 mandates a strict follow up (clinical, laboratory and instrumental monitoring). Identifying @entity1 with increased risk would enable physicians to plan a surveillance program and to implement a rational therapeutic prophylaxis.

title: Post-operative recurrence in XXXX . Critical analysis of potential risk factors. An update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']