abstract: @entity17132 , a new saliuretic, has been shown to combine high ceiling and long-acting effects in animal experiments. This study was designed to examine whether this desirable combination of effects, which up until the present time has not been incorporated into any substance also occurs during @entity1 treatment. Fifty-three @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 (WHO groups I and II) in three medical centers were treated with either @entity17132 or @entity7486 , which served as the reference preparation, in a randomised, double-blind study. After a two week run-in phase during which the @entity1 received placebo, half of the @entity1 received 20 mg @entity17132 and the other half 2.5 mg @entity7486 once daily. Eight weeks of therapy were followed by a 2 week follow-up phase, during which placebo was dispensed. During the trial period a weekly clinical examination was performed including the measurement of blood pressure, pulse, hematocrit, electrolytes, @entity414 , @entity413 , @entity1011 and lipid status. An electrocardiogram and Schellongtest were conducted every two weeks. @entity1 were instructed to keep a diary in which they were to note drug related complaints. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Pratt-Wilcoxon Pair Test. Differences were judged significant at the 5% level. Both @entity17132 and @entity7486 were tolerated well with minimal side effects, which however, did not make it necessary to discontinue treatment. Both preparations induced mild blood pressure reductions of approximately 10 and 5 mmHg for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Two weeks after cessation of @entity17132 treatment neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure showed any significant difference to values achieved during the treatment phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity17132 and @entity7486 during treatment for essential XXXX .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity17132 , a new saliuretic, has been shown to combine high ceiling and long-acting effects in animal experiments. This study was designed to examine whether this desirable combination of effects, which up until the present time has not been incorporated into any substance also occurs during @entity1 treatment. Fifty-three @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 (WHO groups I and II) in three medical centers were treated with either @entity17132 or @entity7486 , which served as the reference preparation, in a randomised, double-blind study. After a two week run-in phase during which the @entity1 received placebo, half of the @entity1 received 20 mg @entity17132 and the other half 2.5 mg @entity7486 once daily. Eight weeks of therapy were followed by a 2 week follow-up phase, during which placebo was dispensed. During the trial period a weekly clinical examination was performed including the measurement of blood pressure, pulse, hematocrit, electrolytes, @entity414 , @entity413 , @entity1011 and lipid status. An electrocardiogram and Schellongtest were conducted every two weeks. @entity1 were instructed to keep a diary in which they were to note drug related complaints. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Pratt-Wilcoxon Pair Test. Differences were judged significant at the 5% level. Both @entity17132 and @entity7486 were tolerated well with minimal side effects, which however, did not make it necessary to discontinue treatment. Both preparations induced mild blood pressure reductions of approximately 10 and 5 mmHg for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Two weeks after cessation of @entity17132 treatment neither systolic nor diastolic blood pressure showed any significant difference to values achieved during the treatment phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity17132 and XXXX during treatment for essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity17132 :: ('MESH:D009156', 'Chemical') :: ['muzolimine', 'Muzolimine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity7486 :: (MESH:D007190,Chemical) :: ['indapamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the sternum may be associated with @entity130 to thoracic organs, with serious consequences. OBJECTIVE: To assess the hospital course of @entity1 diagnosed with isolated sternal @entity174 . METHODS: We reviewed 55 medical records of @entity1 who were admitted with isolated sternal @entity174 to the emergency department during the period January 1990 through August 1999. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 were involved in motor vehicle accidents, and 4 sustained the injury as the result of a fall. Lateral chest X-ray upon admission was diagnostic in the majority of these @entity1 (n = 53). Electrocardiography (n = 52) was abnormal in four @entity1 --old @entity583 (n = 1), non-specific @entity1619 changes (n = 3). Cardiac enzymes (creatine-kinase-MB, n = 42) were pathologically elevated in five @entity1 . Echocardiography, performed in @entity1 with @entity854 and/or elevated myocardial enzymes (n = 7), was normal in these @entity1 as well as in another 18 @entity1 . There were no intensive care unit admissions or @entity943 during the hospital stay, which ranged from 6 hours to 6 days (mean 2.3 +/- 1.3 days, median 2 days). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the view that @entity1 with isolated sternal @entity174 and no abnormality in ECG and cardiac enzymes during the early hours after injury are expected to have a benign course and can be discharged home from the emergency room within the first 24 hours.

title: Isolated sternal XXXX --a benign condition?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ECG abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A study of 60 @entity1 with oro-facial @entity2883 has been conducted and the clinical presentation of this disorder defined. It encompasses the previously recognised clinical entities of @entity7748 and @entity7748 . The pathological features of the disease are lymphoedema and the presence of multiple non-caseating giant cell granulomata. These granulomata are histologically indistinguishable from those found in both @entity344 and @entity7993 . Within this series of @entity1 , nine had evidence suggestive of @entity344 , and in six this was confirmed. A diagnosis of @entity370 was made in a further two @entity1 . The relationship of oro-facial @entity2883 to these systemic @entity738 is not yet clear. @entity1 with oro-facial @entity2883 who have @entity344 should be investigated for the presence of @entity344 . Those without symptoms should be investigated for evidence of @entity8884 or serological evidence of @entity30 . Within the present study, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, full blood count, corrected whole blood @entity1501 , serum albumin and @entity460 were the most sensitive markers of @entity344 . @entity370 should be considered in all @entity1 with oro-facial @entity2883 . The absence of clinical signs suggestive of @entity370 , a normal chest radiograph and normal levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme makes @entity370 unlikely.

title: Oro-facial XXXX --a clinical and pathological analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', "gastrointestinal Crohn's disease", 'gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity7748 :: ('MESH:D008556', 'Disease') :: ['cheilitis granulomatosa', 'Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: The inducibility of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and fibrillation (VF) is variable in healed @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the @entity235 . To better understand the electrophysiologic basis for these @entity943 , @entity583 was produced in @entity235 by ligating the left anterior descending artery. One week later, epicardial mapping was performed with the @entity235 in sinus rhythm using a hand-held bipolar electrode. Transmural mapping was performed with the @entity235 in sinus rhythm with 4 pairs of @entity162 mounted on a #14 needle. @entity943 were induced by the S1S2S3 technique or 3- to 5-beat burst pacing at twice diastolic threshold. Only VF could be induced in 11 @entity235 , while sustained @entity1165 was induced in 6 @entity235 . Significantly more marked and more extensive delay in activation was seen both in the epicardium and transmurally in @entity235 with @entity1165 than in @entity235 with VF. In addition, @entity235 with @entity1165 had morphologic evidence of a large transmural @entity583 , whereas @entity235 with VF had only a @entity583 . It is concluded that inducible sustained @entity1165 in the @entity235 is usually associated with a large transmural @entity583 and an activation sequence in sinus rhythm characterized by an extensive area of marked delay in activation. This activation pattern in sinus rhythm presumably is necessary to provide the underlying electrophysiologic milieu for sustained reentry.

title: Sinus rhythm mapping in healed experimental XXXX : contrasting activation patterns for inducing ventricular tachycardia versus fibrillation.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar electrodes']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A representative, stratified sample from a year cohort of ninth-graders, mostly 15 years of age, examined in 1968 with a questionnaire, was followed over a decade in official registers. After 5 and 8 years, subsamples were also interviewed. During the period in question there was a @entity734 pattern in the area of Gothenburg, the second city in Sweden with approx. 450,000 inhabitants. The sample comprised 1,047 individuals and the whole year cohort 5,367. The estimated proportions of registered drug abusers in the cohort were 9% @entity1 and 8% @entity1 . 3% @entity1 and 5% @entity1 had drug careers for 2 years or less, 1% @entity1 and 0.2% @entity1 for 10 years or more. Those who became registered had with few exceptions stated drug use in the school questionnaire or had attended special classes or dropped out of school prematurely. After 5 years 60-80% of the registered abuse remained among the @entity1 in these groups and 30-40% among the @entity1 . According to interviews abuse remained in 70-90% of @entity1 who had admitted drug use in the school survey and in 50-60% of the @entity1 from the same groups. According to both registers and interviews intravenous abuse of central stimulants had increased among @entity1 but decreased among @entity1 . After 11 years, 20-60% of the registered abuse remained in @entity1 and 5-60% in the @entity1 .

title: Longitudinal studies of XXXX in a fifteen-year-old population. 1. Drug career.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['polydrug abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug abuse']


abstract: Gated magnetic resonance imaging of 5 @entity1 with suspected @entity3255 was performed using a superconducting magnet operating at 0.35 Tesla. Results were compared with those of echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements in all @entity1 , with chest films in 5, computerized tomography in 2 and with histologic findings in 3. Pericardial thickness exceeded 5 mm in 4 @entity1 and was 5 mm in 1 @entity1 . Absence of magnetic resonance signal from the thickened pericardium was observed with extensive @entity730 , and increased intensity of the thickened pericardium was associated with @entity32 . Dilatation of the right atrium, venae cavae and hepatic veins, and right ventricular narrowing was observed in all @entity1 . The ventricular septum was straight in all @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging allows both measurement of pericardial thickness and depicts internal cardiac anatomy without exposure to radiation or use of contrast medium. Satisfactory imaging with a large field of view can be performed in the presence of @entity358 , @entity85 or surgical "hardware"--conditions that limit echocardiography and computerized tomography. The inherently 3-dimensional data permit imaging in any plane without loss of resolution. Thus, magnetic resonance appears to be the noninvasive method of choice for the diagnosis of @entity3255 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity3255 :: ('MESH:C538604', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericardial disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic deformity']

answer: @entity3255 :: (MESH:C538604,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericardial disease']


abstract: 69 adults ranging in age from 20 to 73 (mean age: 37) were randomly assigned to a control (C) and a test (T) group. Of these, 61 completed the 3-year longitudinal study. All subjects had varying degrees of @entity2522 at the start, but no overt @entity2521 . Following a base line examination for P1I, GI, @entity92 ( @entity92 ) and recession, a differential darkfield microscopic (DDFM) count of subgingival bacterial morphotypes was carried out on a pooled sample originating from one tooth surface in each sextant with the greatest @entity92 . Examinations were repeated every 6 months for 3 years. The C group received regular prophylaxes every 6 months. The T subjects received prophylaxes according to a previously described schedule, and on the basis of the DDFM test outcome. Recall intervals at the end of the study for the T group ranged from 1 to 24 months (mean: 15.7 months). Of 30 subjects in the T group at the end of the study, one half had not had their teeth cleaned for periods of 18 to 36 months without any detectable deterioration in their periodontal status by comparison with the other T subjects or the @entity1 in the C group. Both C and T subjects exhibited increased mean @entity7597 scores as compared to base line during the first half of the study. However, mean @entity92 measurements remained unchanged. Increases in @entity92 from base line of 3 mm or more were observed only in approximately 1 out of a 1000 individual tooth surface comparisons, a frequency comparable to that expected to occur by chance alone. This observation indicates that in this population, little if any pocket formation occurred during the study period. GI score increases of 2 units or more occurred in relatively few subjects. 2 of 31 C @entity1 accounted for 42% of the affected dental units, while 5 out of 30 T subjects accounted for 40.8% of the affected dental units in that group. These observations suggest that despite the relatively high prevalence and incidence of @entity2522 , the subjects were relatively resistant to @entity2521 . Neither preventive schedule was effective in eliminating @entity2522 . The lack of significant destructive disease in this population prevented any meaningful comparison of the relative effectiveness of the two preventive maintenance regimens in preventing recurrences of @entity2521 .

title: 3-year longitudinal study of the periodontal status of an adult population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: @entity21049 RS microspheres containing chitosan @entity5209 were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using @entity1324 /liquid @entity982 solvent system and their properties were compared with @entity21049 RS microspheres without chitosan, prepared in our previous study. Different stirring rates were applied (400-1200 rpm) and drug content, Higuchi dissolution rate constant, surface and structure characteristics of the microspheres were determined for each size fraction. An increase in average particle size with a reduction of stirring rate appeared in limited interval in both series. The average particle size of microspheres without chitosan, prepared at the same stirring rate, was smaller. @entity48273 content increased with increasing fraction particle size, but not with increasing stirring rate as it was observed for microspheres without chitosan. We presume that high @entity48273 content in larger microspheres is a consequence of cumulation of undissolved @entity48273 particles in larger droplets during microspheres preparation procedure. @entity48273 release was faster from microspheres with chitosan and no correlation between Higuchi dissolution rate constant and stirring rate or fraction particle size was found, though it existed in the system without chitosan. Structure and surface characteristics of microspheres observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were not changed significantly by incorporation of chitosan. But in contrast with microspheres without chitosan, the surface of chitosan microspheres was more porous after three hours of dissolution. It is supposed that the influence of particle size fraction and stirring rate on release characteristics is expressed to a great extent through porosity and indirectly through total effective surface area, but the incorporation of highly soluble component i.e. chitosan salt hides these effects on drug release. In conclusion, changes in biopharmaceutical properties due to varying stirring rate and fraction particle size exhibited the same direction as those reported for the microspheres without chitosan, although they are less expressed because of increased experimental variability, likely caused by chitosan.

title: The influence of chitosan on in vitro properties of XXXX RS microspheres.

entities_list: @entity48273 :: ('MESH:D010876', 'Chemical') :: ['Pipemidic acid', 'pipemidic acid']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity21049 :: (MESH:C038300,Chemical) :: ['Eudragit']


abstract: SETTING: effective @entity378 ( @entity378 ) screening should be performed before anti- @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) treatment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The usefulness of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON  - @entity378 Gold (QFT-G) for detecting @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is limited. OBJECTIVE: we tested the diagnostic performance of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) inducible protein 10 ( @entity371 ) and @entity379 for detecting @entity9178 in @entity309 patients receiving anti- @entity310 treatment. DESIGN: @entity371 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 56 @entity309 @entity1 and 18 active @entity378 @entity1 . TST was performed using the Mantoux method and QFT-G was performed by measuring @entity379 levels in whole blood treated with @entity378 -specific antigens. RESULTS: twenty-four (42.9%) TST-positive @entity1 were defined as having @entity9178 . Significantly higher levels of baseline, early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) stimulated @entity371 were observed in active @entity378 @entity1 (median 209.9 pg/ml, 899.0 pg/ml and 880.2 pg/ml, respectively) and @entity309 @entity1 with @entity9178 (165.3 pg/ml, 904.4 pg/ml and 747.5 pg/ml, respectively), compared to those without @entity9178 (89.3 pg/ml, 579.4 pg/ml and 515.0 pg/ml, respectively). Baseline @entity371 has high sensitivity (83.3% and 100%) and medium specificity (67.9% and 59.6%), while ESAT-6-stimulated @entity371 has high sensitivity (87.5% and 100%) and specificity (85.7% and 71.2%) for detecting @entity9178 and @entity378 . The performance of @entity371 is superior to @entity379 for detecting @entity9178 (TST+) and active @entity378 . CONCLUSION: @entity371 may be used for detecting @entity9178 and as a potential biomarker to identify active @entity378 in @entity309 patients receiving anti- @entity310 treatment.

title: Interferon-inducible protein-10 as a marker to detect latent and active XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-y']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: SETTING: effective @entity378 ( @entity378 ) screening should be performed before anti- @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) treatment in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The usefulness of the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON  - @entity378 Gold (QFT-G) for detecting @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is limited. OBJECTIVE: we tested the diagnostic performance of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) inducible protein 10 ( @entity371 ) and @entity379 for detecting @entity9178 in @entity309 patients receiving anti- @entity310 treatment. DESIGN: @entity371 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 56 @entity309 @entity1 and 18 active @entity378 @entity1 . TST was performed using the Mantoux method and QFT-G was performed by measuring @entity379 levels in whole blood treated with @entity378 -specific antigens. RESULTS: twenty-four (42.9%) TST-positive @entity1 were defined as having @entity9178 . Significantly higher levels of baseline, early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) stimulated @entity371 were observed in active @entity378 @entity1 (median 209.9 pg/ml, 899.0 pg/ml and 880.2 pg/ml, respectively) and @entity309 @entity1 with @entity9178 (165.3 pg/ml, 904.4 pg/ml and 747.5 pg/ml, respectively), compared to those without @entity9178 (89.3 pg/ml, 579.4 pg/ml and 515.0 pg/ml, respectively). Baseline @entity371 has high sensitivity (83.3% and 100%) and medium specificity (67.9% and 59.6%), while ESAT-6-stimulated @entity371 has high sensitivity (87.5% and 100%) and specificity (85.7% and 71.2%) for detecting @entity9178 and @entity378 . The performance of @entity371 is superior to @entity379 for detecting @entity9178 (TST+) and active @entity378 . CONCLUSION: @entity371 may be used for detecting @entity9178 and as a potential biomarker to identify active @entity378 in @entity309 patients receiving anti- @entity310 treatment.

title: Interferon-inducible protein-10 as a marker to detect latent and active @entity378 in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A group of 291 @entity794 isolates from mastitic @entity291 's milk (n = 125), bulk tank milk (n = 96), and Minas frescal cheese (n = 70) were screened for @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, selj, and sell) and for the tst-1 gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by PCR assay. A total of 109 (37.5%) of the isolates were positive for at least one of these 11 genes, and 23 distinct genotypes of toxin genes were observed. Of the @entity794 isolates bearing @entity1793 genes, 17 (13.6%) were from mastitic @entity291 's milk, 41 (41.7%) were from bulk tank milk, and 51 (72.9%) were from Minas frescal cheese. The occurrence of exclusively more recently described @entity1793 genes (seg through sell) was considerably higher (87 of 109 PCR-positive strains) than that of classical @entity1793 genes (sea through see, 15 strains). The @entity1793 genes most commonly detected were seg and sei; they were found alone or in different combinations with other toxin genes, but in 60.8% of the cases they were codetected. No strain possessed see. The tst-1 gene was found in eight isolates but none from mastitic @entity291 's milk. Macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA from 89 @entity794 isolates positive for @entity1793 gene(s) was conducted with the enzyme SmaI. Fifty-five distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were found, demonstrating a lack of predominance of any specific clone. A second enzyme, Apa I, used for some isolates was less discriminating than Sma I. The high genotype diversity of potential toxigenic @entity794 strains found in this study, especially from Minas frescal cheese, suggests various sources of contamination. Efforts from the entire production chain are required to improve consumer safety.

title: Toxigenic status of XXXX isolated from @entity291 raw milk and Minas frescal cheese in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal enterotoxin', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: A group of 291 @entity794 isolates from mastitic @entity291 's milk (n = 125), bulk tank milk (n = 96), and Minas frescal cheese (n = 70) were screened for @entity1793 ( @entity1793 ) genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei, selj, and sell) and for the tst-1 gene encoding staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 by PCR assay. A total of 109 (37.5%) of the isolates were positive for at least one of these 11 genes, and 23 distinct genotypes of toxin genes were observed. Of the @entity794 isolates bearing @entity1793 genes, 17 (13.6%) were from mastitic @entity291 's milk, 41 (41.7%) were from bulk tank milk, and 51 (72.9%) were from Minas frescal cheese. The occurrence of exclusively more recently described @entity1793 genes (seg through sell) was considerably higher (87 of 109 PCR-positive strains) than that of classical @entity1793 genes (sea through see, 15 strains). The @entity1793 genes most commonly detected were seg and sei; they were found alone or in different combinations with other toxin genes, but in 60.8% of the cases they were codetected. No strain possessed see. The tst-1 gene was found in eight isolates but none from mastitic @entity291 's milk. Macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA from 89 @entity794 isolates positive for @entity1793 gene(s) was conducted with the enzyme SmaI. Fifty-five distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were found, demonstrating a lack of predominance of any specific clone. A second enzyme, Apa I, used for some isolates was less discriminating than Sma I. The high genotype diversity of potential toxigenic @entity794 strains found in this study, especially from Minas frescal cheese, suggests various sources of contamination. Efforts from the entire production chain are required to improve consumer safety.

title: Toxigenic status of @entity794 isolated from XXXX raw milk and Minas frescal cheese in Brazil.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: To evaluate whether the use of suction drains in the paravescical spaces is associated with the occurrence of @entity260 . @entity1 who underwent to a Burch colposuspension to treat @entity3142 were included. Thirty-seven @entity1 had the placement of suction drains in the paravescical spaces while 25 @entity1 did not. @entity86 morbidity was defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following events: febrile morbidity, @entity295 , @entity5280 , severe wound @entity281 and infected subfascial haematoma. Febrile morbidity was defined as two oral temperatures greater than 38 degrees C, taken at least 4 h apart, starting 24 h after the operation. The two groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The overall incidence of @entity86 morbidity was 22.6%. The proportion of @entity1 with drains was higher in those groups who had @entity260 than in @entity1 with an uneventful postoperative period (78.6% vs 54.1%), although not statistically significant. The power to detect such a difference was only 39% (alpha=0.05). Seven @entity1 developed a wound @entity281 . Of these, five had the placement of suction drains. The placement of suction drains at Burch colposuspension seems to increase the risk of @entity260 . The possible benefits of suction drains must be counterbalanced with possible risks and, therefore, their routine use in Burch colposuspension is questionable.

title: The use of suction drains at burch colposuspension and XXXX morbidity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infectious', 'postoperative infectious']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infectious']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The minimally invasive technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) combines the benefits of local resections, a low complication rate and high @entity1 comfort, with low recurrence rate and excellent survival rate after radical surgery (RS). The use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel rather than electrosurgery further improves the results of TEM. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of 182 operations on 162 @entity1 with early @entity189 ( @entity2558 , G1/2) or @entity652 to compare the outcome following four different kinds of surgical resection techniques: RS (anterior or abdominoperineal resection; n=27), conventional transanal resection using Park's retractor (TP; n=76), transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) with electrosurgery (TEM-ES; n=45), and TEM with UltraCision (TEM-UC; n=34). One-third of the @entity1 with RS (33%) received either a colostomy or a protective loop-ileostomy. RESULTS: Operation time with TEM-UC was significantly shorter than with TEM-ES or RS. Hospitalization was significantly longer with RS than for TEM or TP. Complication rate with TEM was significantly lower than with RS. Recurrence rate with RS and TEM was significantly lower than with TP, with a trend to TEM-UC being better than TEM-ES. Mortality rate was 3.7% with RS and 0 with TP and TEM. The 2-year survival rate was 96.3% with RS and 100% each with TP and TEM. CONCLUSION: TEM using UC seems to be the technique of choice. TP leads to an unacceptable recurrence rate, and RS results in a higher incidence of complication and impairment of life quality.

title: Surgical cure for early @entity189 and large XXXX : transanal endoscopic microsurgery (using ultrasound or electrosurgery) compared to conventional local and radical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The minimally invasive technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) combines the benefits of local resections, a low complication rate and high @entity1 comfort, with low recurrence rate and excellent survival rate after radical surgery (RS). The use of an ultrasonically activated scalpel rather than electrosurgery further improves the results of TEM. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of 182 operations on 162 @entity1 with early @entity189 ( @entity2558 , G1/2) or @entity652 to compare the outcome following four different kinds of surgical resection techniques: RS (anterior or abdominoperineal resection; n=27), conventional transanal resection using Park's retractor (TP; n=76), transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) with electrosurgery (TEM-ES; n=45), and TEM with UltraCision (TEM-UC; n=34). One-third of the @entity1 with RS (33%) received either a colostomy or a protective loop-ileostomy. RESULTS: Operation time with TEM-UC was significantly shorter than with TEM-ES or RS. Hospitalization was significantly longer with RS than for TEM or TP. Complication rate with TEM was significantly lower than with RS. Recurrence rate with RS and TEM was significantly lower than with TP, with a trend to TEM-UC being better than TEM-ES. Mortality rate was 3.7% with RS and 0 with TP and TEM. The 2-year survival rate was 96.3% with RS and 100% each with TP and TEM. CONCLUSION: TEM using UC seems to be the technique of choice. TP leads to an unacceptable recurrence rate, and RS results in a higher incidence of complication and impairment of life quality.

title: Surgical cure for early XXXX and large @entity652 : transanal endoscopic microsurgery (using ultrasound or electrosurgery) compared to conventional local and radical resection.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is one of the most frequent @entity409 . It is clearly related to @entity82 , especially to that caused by liverbound viruses. This study addresses the behavior of this disease in @entity1 treated under different protocols at two third-level hospitals. METHODS: we conducted a longitudinal, prospective and retrospective study including @entity1 diagnosed with @entity157 and invasively treated at Hermanos Ameijeiras and Juan Canalejo Hospitals. Subjects were grouped according to treatment and were compared with those @entity1 who underwent liver transplant. Mean comparison tests were used as well as survival analysis. RESULTS: overall recurrence patterns showed variable recurrence for all @entity1 with a clear benefit for the transplanted group of @entity1 including those with expanded criteria. Overall survival analysis at 3, 5 and 10 years showed that ( @entity1 ) survival was 70%, 59% and 55%, respectively, for the transplanted group. On the other hand, those @entity1 who did not undergo transplant showed significantly lower survival rates of 40%, 17% and 9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: this study, like others, demonstrated a clear benefit for liver transplant in the treatment of @entity157 . This is more evident in @entity1 with an underlying @entity409 , as long as low-recurrence selection criteria are considered. These results are important in the evaluation of effectiveness of treatments considering both groups are comparable.

title: Treatment of XXXX in the transplant era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases of the liver', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a viable alternative to standard Heller myotomy for surgical treatment of @entity1318 . Outcomes from the United States, Europe and Asia have been reported. We sought to report data after the initiation of POEM in a Canadian centre. METHODS: We enrolled @entity1 with @entity1318 in a research ethics board-approved pilot study. Surgeons learned the POEM procedure in a systematic manner that included visiting experts in POEM, practice in an animal laboratory and mentoring from POEM experts. Preoperative evaluation included manometry, 24-hour pH, barium swallow, endoscopy and Eckhardt Symptom Score. All @entity1 underwent gastrograffin swallow on postoperative day 1. @entity1 were re-evaluated using the Eckhardt score on postoperative day 14. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 underwent POEM. Seven @entity1 had previous endoscopic treatments: 6 had balloon dilatation and 1 had botulinum toxin injection. Mean preoperative Eckhardt score was 8.1    2.4. Mean preoperative lower esophageal sphincter resting and residual pressure was 32.3    9.2 and 20.8    5.3, respectively. Mean duration of surgery was 141.3    43.7 minutes. Mean length of hospital stay was 1 day. No major perioperative @entity532 occurred. On postoperative day 14, the mean Eckhardt score was 1    1.2. CONCLUSION: Our approach to POEM introduction was systematic and deliberate. The procedure is safe, feasible and has good perioperative outcomes. Our early results are consistent with current literature.

title: Early clinical experience with the POEM procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: Heat-killed @entity375 (HKY) used as a vaccine protects @entity19 against @entity8318 and @entity6656 . Little is known about the immune response induced by HKY vaccination, consequently our goal was to do an analysis of HKY-induced immune responses involved in protection. BALB/c @entity19 were vaccinated subcutaneously 3 times with HKY, a protective reagent, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, spleen, lymph nodes, and serum collected 2-5 weeks later. Cultured spleen or lymph node cells were stimulated with HKY. Proliferation of HKY-stimulated spleen or lymph node cells was tested by Alamar Blue reduction and flow cytometry. Cytokines from lymphocyte supernatants and antibody to glycans in serum collected from HKY-vaccinated @entity19 were measured by ELISA. The results show that HKY promoted spleen cell and lymph node cell proliferation from HKY-vaccinated @entity19 but not from PBS-vaccinated control @entity19 (all P<0.05). Cytokine measurement showed HKY significantly promoted IFNy, @entity777 and @entity636 production by spleen cells and lymph node cells (all P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Cytokine production by HKY-stimulated cells from PBS-vaccinated @entity19 was lower than those from HKY-vaccinated (P<0.05). Cytokines in BAL from HKY-vaccinated were higher, 1.7-fold for IFNy and 2.1-fold for @entity637 , than in BAL from PBS-vaccinated. Flow cytometry of lymphocytes from HKY-vaccinated showed 52% of @entity5168 (+) or 56% of CD8(+) cells exhibited cell division after stimulation with HKY, compared to non-stimulated controls (26 or 23%, respectively) or HKY-stimulated cells from PBS-vaccinated (31 or 34%). HKY also induced antibody against @entity375 glucan and mannan with titers 4- or 2-fold, respectively, above that in unvaccinated. Taken together, the results suggested that HKY vaccination induces significant and specific @entity630 type cellular immune responses and antibodies to glucan and mannan.

title: Immune responses induced by heat killed XXXX : a vaccine against fungal infection.

entities_list: @entity8318 :: ('MESH:D020953', 'Disease') :: ['systemic aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is broad consensus from epidemiologic research that lower socioeconomic status is related to poorer health. This study investigated the relation between median family income and self-reported mood symptoms in @entity1 with @entity162 who reside in the United States. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-four @entity1 with @entity162 provided daily self-reported mood ratings for 6 months (50,054 days of data). Regardless of income, all @entity1 were treated by a psychiatrist, took psychotropic medications, and participated in computerized self-monitoring throughout the study. Median family income was obtained from US census tract data. The association between income and mood was analyzed using income as both a continuous and categorical variable. Demographic characteristics were compared by income group. Education level was included in the analysis a priori. RESULTS: Both the continuous and categorical approaches found a positive association between income and euthymia, a negative association between income and @entity162 /hypomanic symptoms including those due to mixed states, and no association between income and @entity308 . @entity1 in the lower-income group spent 12.4% fewer days euthymic than those in the upper-income group and 9.7% fewer days euthymic than those in the middle-income group. @entity1 in the lower-income group spent 7.1% more days with @entity162 /hypomanic symptoms than those in the upper-income group. There was no association between education and income. CONCLUSION: Median family income is associated with mood symptoms in @entity1 with @entity162 . Inclusion of income as a measure of socioeconomic status is recommended for future studies of outcome in @entity162 .

title: Association between median family income and self-reported mood symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Importance: @entity263 incidence in @entity1 75 years and older substantially decreased following the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against @entity1486 (PSA)-based screening for this age group. It is unknown whether incidence has changed since the USPSTF recommendation against screening for all @entity1 in May 2012. Objective: To examine recent changes in stage-specific @entity263 incidence and PSA screening rates following the 2008 and 2012 USPSTF recommendations. Design and Settings: Ecologic study of age-standardized @entity263 incidence (newly diagnosed cases/100   000 @entity1 aged >= 50 years) by stage from 2005 through 2012 using data from 18 population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries and PSA screening rate in the past year among @entity1 50 years and older without a history of @entity263 who responded to the 2005 (n   =   4580), 2008 (n   =   3476), 2010 (n   =   4157), and 2013 (n   =   6172) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Exposures: The USPSTF recommendations to omit PSA-based screening for average-risk @entity1 . Main Outcomes and Measures: @entity263 incidence and incidence ratios (IRs) comparing consecutive years from 2005 through 2012 by age (>= 50, 50-74, and >= 75 years) and SEER summary stage categorized as local/regional or distant and PSA screening rate and rate ratios (SRRs) comparing successive survey years by age. Results: @entity263 incidence per 100   000 in @entity1 50 years and older (N   =   446   009 in SEER areas) was 534.9 in 2005, 540.8 in 2008, 505.0 in 2010, and 416.2 in 2012; rates began decreasing in 2008 and the largest decrease occurred between 2011 and 2012, from 498.3 (99% CI, 492.8-503.9) to 416.2 (99% CI, 411.2-421.2). The number of @entity1 50 years and older diagnosed with @entity263 nationwide declined by 33   519, from 213   562 @entity1 in 2011 to 180   043 @entity1 in 2012. Declines in incidence since 2008 were confined to local/regional-stage disease and were similar across age and race/ethnicity groups. The percentage of @entity1 50 years and older reporting PSA screening in the past 12 months was 36.9% in 2005, 40.6% in 2008, 37.8% in 2010, and 30.8% in 2013. In relative terms, screening rates increased by 10% (SRR, 1.10; 99% CI, 1.01-1.21) between 2005 and 2008 and then decreased by 18% (SRR, 0.82; 99% CI, 0.75-0.89) between 2010 and 2013. Similar screening patterns were found in age subgroups 50 to 74 years and 75 years and older. Conclusions and Relevance: Both the incidence of @entity5 and rates of PSA screening have declined and coincide with 2012 USPSTF recommendation to omit PSA screening from routine primary care for @entity1 . Longer follow-up is needed to see whether these decreases are associated with trends in mortality.

title: XXXX Incidence and PSA Testing Patterns in Relation to USPSTF Screening Recommendations.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: This paper investigated educational achievement, employment status, living situation, marital status and offspring in 500 Dutch long-term young adults survivors of childhood @entity5 (age range, 16-49 years, 47% female). The results were compared with a reference group of 1092 @entity1 with no history of @entity5 (age range, 15-33 years, 55% female). The impact of demographic and medical characteristics on psychosocial adjustment was studied. All @entity1 completed a self-report questionnaire. The results showed that, although many survivors are functioning well and leading normal lives, a subgroup of survivors were less likely to complete high-school, to attain an advanced graduate degree, to follow normal elementary or secondary school and had to be enrolled more often on learning disabled programs. The percentage of employed survivors was lower than the percentage of employed controls in the comparison group, but more survivors were student or homemaker. Survivors had lower rates of marriage and parenthood, and worried more about their fertility and the risk of their @entity1 having @entity5 . Survivors, especially males, lived more often with their parents. Cranial irradiation dose <or=25 Gy was an important independent prognostic factor of lower educational achievement. Survivors with a history of @entity1313 had a higher risk of being single than survivors with a diagnosis of @entity1778 / @entity1893 . These results indicate that important aspects of life are affected in a substantial number of @entity1 who have been diagnosed with @entity5 during childhood or adolescence.

title: Educational achievement, employment and living situation in long-term young adult survivors of childhood XXXX in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain/CNS tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We have compared the abilities of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), while on levodopa (L-dopa), and control subjects to discriminate bilateral differences in the loci of tactile stimulation. On each trial, one of a subject's forearms served as the reference arm and the other as the test arm. The two forearms were supinated and placed side-by-side on a table-top in front of the subject. Seven cutaneous test loci, 3 mm apart, were arrayed proximo-distally on the flexor aspect of each forearm, with the fourth (central) serving as a reference point. On each trial, two punctate tactile stimuli (of intensity well above perceptual threshold) were applied simultaneously to 1) one of the seven test loci on the test forearm and 2) the reference (central) locus on the reference arm. Subjects, with eyes closed, stated which forearm (test or reference) was stimulated more distally. Estimates of the difference limen (DL, a measure of discriminatory threshold) and the point of subjective equality (PSE, the test locus perceived to correspond to the reference locus) were derived from psychophysical functions (ogives). For each subject, one arm was defined as 'better' and the other as 'worse.' Among @entity191 @entity1 , this definition was in terms of the relative severity of clinical motor signs (combined scores for @entity2845 , @entity2003 and @entity400 ) of the two arms, whereas among controls it was according to relative DL magnitudes (sensory/perceptual performance). The mean DL of the @entity1 significantly exceeded that of control subjects on both the 'better' and 'worse' arms as test side, but mean PSE values did not differ significantly between groups. Thus, our @entity191 @entity1 were impaired in discriminating bilateral differences in the locations of tactile stimulation, while perceiving normally the relative locations of the proximo-distal centers of the two stimulus arrays.

title: Discrimination of bilateral differences in the loci of tactile stimulation is impaired in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "idiopathic Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: During late gestation in the mare, rapid fetal growth is accompanied by considerable placental growth and further invasion of the endometrium by microvilli. This growth requires extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In early pregnancy, we know that @entity11700 are involved in the endometrial invasion during endometrial cup formation. The present study investigated whether MMPs are found in fetal fluids later in gestation and during parturition, and if there was a difference in their activities between normal and @entity3152 . Amniotic fluids were collected from pony mares during the latter half of gestation, and amniotic and allantoic fluids from pony and thoroughbred mares at foaling. The fluids were analysed for the activity of @entity11700 , and TIMPs using zymography techniques. There was an increase (P = 0.002) in activity of latent @entity1495 when approaching normal foaling, and a decrease (P < 0.001) during foaling. @entity1476 activity did not change through gestation, or during foaling. When comparing samples from pregnancies resulting in preterm deliveries with samples from foaling mares, the activity of @entity1495 was lower (P < 0.001) and @entity1476 activity was higher (P = 0.004) during foaling than preceding @entity3152 . The activity of @entity1495 was lower (P = 0.002) prior to @entity3152 than before delivery of a live foal at term, whereas no difference (P = 0.07) was demonstrated for latent @entity1476 activity when comparing the same groups. The activity of @entity1552 was higher (P < 0.001) in the pre-parturient period before normal foaling than preceding @entity3152 . These results suggest that MMPs may have a role as markers for high risk pregnancy in the mare.

title: Dynamics of activities of XXXX , and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs in fetal fluid compartments during gestation and at parturition in the mare.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity11700 :: ('4318;4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -2', 'MMP-9 and -2']

answer: @entity11700 :: (4318;4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To survey the medical nutrition therapy practices of renal dietitians for the treatment of bone mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVES: To obtain data on @entity3151 diet prescription levels. To determine allied team involvement for @entity1391 binder and @entity560 therapies. To assess the frequency and target levels for monitoring serum @entity460 , @entity3151 , - @entity3151 product, intact @entity461 and alkaline phosphatase. METHODS: Two renal dietitians from the National Kidney Foundation-Council on Renal Nutrition developed a 5-question survey. This was posted on both the RenalRD Listserv and the NKF-CRN website from January 1 through February 15, 2001. Dietitians were asked to respond using facsimile, e-mail or reply by mail. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one surveys were received representing all major dialysis providers in the United States, the British Virgin Islands, and Japan. Results included information for peritoneal and hemodialysis @entity1 . Five different methods for dosing @entity1391 binders were determined. Prescribed @entity1391 binders included @entity18279 , @entity11649 , and @entity4959 . 108 out of 131 dietitian respondents (82.5%) have a medical protocol in place for @entity560 therapy. Of the respondents, 47% were directly responsible for implementing the @entity560 protocol. @entity21453 was the most widely used form of IV @entity560 . Biochemistry results were as follows: @entity460 , 16 different ranges from 8.0 mg/dL to 11.5 mg/dL; @entity3151 , 13 different ranges from 2.5 mg/dL to 6.5 mg/dL; @entity460 - @entity3151 product, 13 different ranges from 55-75; iPTH, 20 different ranges from 50-300 pg/mL; alkaline phosphatase, 18 different ranges from no records being monitored to a level of 500 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The survey revealed a large variability in the treatment of bone mineral metabolism. Improved clinical practice guidelines for the health care team are being developed with the National Kidney Foundation (NKF)-Kidney Disease Outcomes and Quality Initiative (KDOQI) @entity79 management workgroup.

title: The renal dietitian's role in managing hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis XXXX : a national survey.

entities_list: @entity18279 :: ('MESH:C120662', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium acetate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity21453 :: ('MESH:C084656', 'Chemical') :: ['Paricalcitol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity11649 :: ('MESH:C405346', 'Chemical') :: ['sevelamer hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In an accompanying paper, we find specific localization of @entity1619 cells only to islets of Langerhans bearing the specific antigen. Instrumental in the specific localization was the presence of intraislet dendritic cells bearing the b-cell-peptide-MHC complex. Here, we report that the entry of diabetogenic CD4 T cells very rapidly triggered inflammatory gene expression changes in islets and vessels by up-regulating chemokines and adhesion molecules. @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) expression was notable in blood vessels, as was @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ). @entity2071 was also found on b-cells. These expression changes induced the entry of nonspecific T cells that otherwise did not localize to the islets. In contrast to the entry of diabetogenic CD4 T cells, the entrance of nonspecific T cells required a chemokine response and @entity4725 expression by the islets. @entity379 was important for the early gene expression changes in the islets. By microarray analysis, we detected up-regulation of a group of IFN-inducible genes as early as 8 h post-T-cell transfer. These studies establish that entry of @entity1619 cells induces a state of receptivity of islets to subsequent immunological insults.

title: Entry of XXXX cells into islets induces changes that lead to amplification of the cellular response.

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['diabetogenic T']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['diabetogenic T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence and incidence of @entity432 are influenced by life-style. Coffee consumption was shown with a lower incidence of @entity583 by Framingham Study. Yet, the mechanism is to be elucidated. METHODS: We examined the effects of coffee intake on the progression of occlusive @entity715 formation in @entity19 cremasteric arteries. After 7 days of free intake of pure water, coffee containing water (5 mg/ml), or @entity5834 containing water (0.1 mg/ml), endothelial cell function was locally damaged by @entity24871 . Circulating platelet and leukocytes were rendered fluorescently by @entity19501 . Process of occlusive @entity715 growth was continuously visualized by 3-D imaging system equipped with ultra-fast confocal microscopy, and time to @entity432 was measured in each @entity19 . RESULTS: Platelet accumulation started immediately after @entity24871 exposure in all tested groups. However, arterial occlusion time in taking coffee containing water was significantly longer than those taking pure water. (46.0    17.4 min (n = 5) vs. 12.3    2.6 min (n = 31), p < 0.05) Arterial occlusion time in @entity19 taking @entity5834 (13.8    5.9 min (n = 4)) was not different from those taking pure water. CONCLUSION: Coffee, but not @entity5834 intake, may have preventive effect on arterial occlusive @entity715 formation initiated by functional injury of arterial endothelium.

title: Possible mechanism of preventive effects of coffee intake on the formation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive thrombosis', 'vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity19501 :: ('CHEBI:52672', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 6G']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose is to determine the location and type of @entity705 in @entity1 with @entity5607 of the hand as well as the presence of shortening and angulation. Second, it aims to establish longitudinal data on the change in @entity5 . METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity5607 affecting the hand evaluating the location and type of @entity5 as well as the presence of shortening and angulation is done. We examined radiographs from final follow-up and analyzed them based on @entity1 age at presentation (group I   =   ages 2-6; II   =   ages 7-10; III   =   ages 11-19), to determine changes over time and any differences in the number of @entity5 , location, and shortening and angulation. RESULTS: The most affected bones were the index and small finger metacarpals with an increase seen around the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. The most shortening and angulation were seen on the ulnar side. Group II had the most @entity5 and the most bones with angulation. Twenty-three hands had longitudinal follow-up with an overall increase of 2.7 @entity5 per hand with a range of loss of 8 to gain of 16. There was an increase in the number of bones with angulation and shortening. Group I showed the largest increase in @entity5 , shortening, and angulation. CONCLUSIONS: The ulnar side and bones around the MCP joints are affected most commonly. The largest change was seen as the @entity1 went from young childhood into adolescence, which may be due to rapid growth during this time. This is the largest study of these @entity1 with the longest longitudinal data.

title: XXXX of the hand: initial and long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5607 :: (MESH:D005097,Disease) :: ['Multiple osteochondroma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knowledge of factors associated with @entity1 's requests for a second opioid prescription after volar plate fixation of a @entity174 of the distal radius might inform better @entity158 management protocols and encourage decreased and safer use of opioids. This study tested the primary null hypothesis that there is no difference in demographics, prior opioid prescriptions, injury characteristics, and psychological factors between @entity1 that do and do not receive a second opioid prescription following treatment volar locking plate after @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We used data on 206 @entity1 enrolled in one of two prospective studies. Their mean age was 53  years        SD 15, and 60 (30  %) were @entity1 . Forty-seven (23  %) @entity1 received a second opioid prescription. We recorded additional demographics, AO @entity174 type, American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, radiographic parameters at the @entity130 prior to reduction and after surgery, and catastrophic thinking. RESULTS: Male sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.6, partial pseudo R (2)   =   0.018, P   =   0.044) and greater dorsal angulation of the articular surface on the lateral post injury radiograph (OR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.96 to 1.0, partial pseudo R (2)   =   0.033, P   =   0.040) were associated with a second opioid prescription after surgery (pseudo R (2) 0.12, P   =   0.0071). CONCLUSIONS: One measure of @entity174 severity ( @entity572 ) was independently associated with a second opioid prescription, but alone it accounted for 3.3  % of the variation. Other factors such as the @entity1 's expectation prior to surgery, in particular the realization that injury and surgery hurt, might be addressed in future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

title: What factors are associated with a second opioid prescription after treatment of XXXX with a volar locking plate?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal displacement']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['time of injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for previously irradiated, progressive spinal metastases may be a viable option in selected @entity1 . The authors review a prospective series of spinal @entity3 @entity1 reirradiated with stereotactic body radiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 59 @entity1 with 63 @entity5 of the spine were reirradiated with stereotactic body radiotherapy between 2003 and 2009. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging was performed both before treatment initiation and at regular follow-up intervals. Stereotactic body radiotherapy was delivered to a peripheral dose of 30 grays (Gy) in 5 fractions (6 Gy per fraction), or 27 Gy in 3 fractions (9 Gy per fraction). The National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria 2.0 and McCormick neurological function system were used to evaluate @entity137 and neurologic status, respectively. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 17.6 months. Actuarial 1-year radiographic local control and overall survival for all @entity1 were both 76%. Of the @entity5 that progressed after stereotactic body radiotherapy, 13 (81%) of 16 @entity1 had @entity5 that were within 5 mm of the spinal cord, and 6 of them eventually developed @entity1745 . @entity137 was most commonly grade 1 or 2 fatigue. Two @entity1 experienced mild to moderate @entity1161 ( @entity5300 ) while remaining independently ambulatory and @entity158 free. Freedom from neurologic deterioration from any cause was 92% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Reirradiation for progressive spinal metastases with stereotactic body radiotherapy results in good local control and limited @entity137 . Initial surgery should be considered for @entity5 within 5 mm of the spinal cord. Radiation dose should be tailored for @entity5 near or invading the psoas muscle secondary to observed risk of @entity5300 .

title: Prospective evaluation of spinal reirradiation by using stereotactic body radiation therapy: The University of Texas MD Anderson XXXX Center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56013 @entity3 to mediastinal lymph nodes is a well-known phenomenon in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Little is reported in the literature about its clinical importance. It is still under discussion whether any prognostic differences exist between resected @entity1149 with either @entity56013 @entity3 or continuous mediastinal lymph node @entity3 (N2). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 45 @entity1 with a @entity477 -stage, who underwent resection for @entity1149 . Seventeen of these @entity1 (37.8%), showing no metastatic involvement of hilar (N1) lymph nodes, were compared to the remaining 28 @entity1 with infiltration of hilar nodes (N1) as well as N2 nodes. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the @entity56013 @entity3 and the continuous N2 group regarding sex, age, histology, T- or M-status. The frequency of @entity56013 @entity3 was higher in @entity1 with a @entity5 in the upper lobe (n = 12, 71%) compared to the lower lobe (n = 5, 29%). This difference was not statistically significant. In @entity1 with a non-continuous lymph node spread, 29 out of 119 resected mediastinal lymph nodes were infiltrated (1.7 per @entity1 , range: 1-10). Compared to 83 metastatic involved lymph nodes out of 198 resected mediastinal nodes (three per @entity1 , range: 1-10) in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.034, Mann-Whitney test). The 5-year survival rate of @entity477 @entity1 with @entity56013 @entity3 was 41% compared to 14% in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: @entity477 @entity1 with mediastinal lymph node @entity56013 @entity3 have a more favorable prognosis compared to @entity477 @entity1 with continuous infiltration of the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with a continuous lymph node involvement show an increased number of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes per @entity1 compared to @entity1 with a non-continuous spread. @entity56013 @entity3 is an independent prognostic factor of survival. The presence of @entity56013 @entity3 seems to be a unique subgroup of @entity477 disease in @entity1149 .

title: Role of @entity56013 @entity3 to mediastinal lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56013 @entity3 to mediastinal lymph nodes is a well-known phenomenon in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Little is reported in the literature about its clinical importance. It is still under discussion whether any prognostic differences exist between resected @entity1149 with either @entity56013 @entity3 or continuous mediastinal lymph node @entity3 (N2). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 45 @entity1 with a @entity477 -stage, who underwent resection for @entity1149 . Seventeen of these @entity1 (37.8%), showing no metastatic involvement of hilar (N1) lymph nodes, were compared to the remaining 28 @entity1 with infiltration of hilar nodes (N1) as well as N2 nodes. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the @entity56013 @entity3 and the continuous N2 group regarding sex, age, histology, T- or M-status. The frequency of @entity56013 @entity3 was higher in @entity1 with a @entity5 in the upper lobe (n = 12, 71%) compared to the lower lobe (n = 5, 29%). This difference was not statistically significant. In @entity1 with a non-continuous lymph node spread, 29 out of 119 resected mediastinal lymph nodes were infiltrated (1.7 per @entity1 , range: 1-10). Compared to 83 metastatic involved lymph nodes out of 198 resected mediastinal nodes (three per @entity1 , range: 1-10) in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.034, Mann-Whitney test). The 5-year survival rate of @entity477 @entity1 with @entity56013 @entity3 was 41% compared to 14% in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: @entity477 @entity1 with mediastinal lymph node @entity56013 @entity3 have a more favorable prognosis compared to @entity477 @entity1 with continuous infiltration of the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with a continuous lymph node involvement show an increased number of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes per @entity1 compared to @entity1 with a non-continuous spread. @entity56013 @entity3 is an independent prognostic factor of survival. The presence of @entity56013 @entity3 seems to be a unique subgroup of @entity477 disease in @entity1149 .

title: Role of XXXX @entity3 to mediastinal lymph nodes in @entity1149 .

answer: @entity56013 :: (80309,Gene) :: ['skip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56013 @entity3 to mediastinal lymph nodes is a well-known phenomenon in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Little is reported in the literature about its clinical importance. It is still under discussion whether any prognostic differences exist between resected @entity1149 with either @entity56013 @entity3 or continuous mediastinal lymph node @entity3 (N2). @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 45 @entity1 with a @entity477 -stage, who underwent resection for @entity1149 . Seventeen of these @entity1 (37.8%), showing no metastatic involvement of hilar (N1) lymph nodes, were compared to the remaining 28 @entity1 with infiltration of hilar nodes (N1) as well as N2 nodes. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the @entity56013 @entity3 and the continuous N2 group regarding sex, age, histology, T- or M-status. The frequency of @entity56013 @entity3 was higher in @entity1 with a @entity5 in the upper lobe (n = 12, 71%) compared to the lower lobe (n = 5, 29%). This difference was not statistically significant. In @entity1 with a non-continuous lymph node spread, 29 out of 119 resected mediastinal lymph nodes were infiltrated (1.7 per @entity1 , range: 1-10). Compared to 83 metastatic involved lymph nodes out of 198 resected mediastinal nodes (three per @entity1 , range: 1-10) in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.034, Mann-Whitney test). The 5-year survival rate of @entity477 @entity1 with @entity56013 @entity3 was 41% compared to 14% in @entity1 with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: @entity477 @entity1 with mediastinal lymph node @entity56013 @entity3 have a more favorable prognosis compared to @entity477 @entity1 with continuous infiltration of the regional lymph nodes. @entity1 with a continuous lymph node involvement show an increased number of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes per @entity1 compared to @entity1 with a non-continuous spread. @entity56013 @entity3 is an independent prognostic factor of survival. The presence of @entity56013 @entity3 seems to be a unique subgroup of @entity477 disease in @entity1149 .

title: Role of @entity56013 XXXX to mediastinal lymph nodes in @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Although many @entity1 with @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ) and @entity816 ( @entity816 ) benefit from a combination of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, most @entity1 eventually experience recurrence of their disease. Recent evidence has shown that @entity3271 are more chemosensitive than other @entity11 , including @entity816 or @entity463 multiforme. These initial findings have prompted further study of chemotherapy in treating @entity3271 and mixed @entity816 . Advances in molecular genetic analysis have led to improvements in predicting response to chemotherapy and prognosis for @entity3271 , @entity816 , and @entity816 . Pure @entity3271 are more chemosensitive than mixed @entity3271 . This difference is related to different proportions of 1p/19q loss of heterozygosity in these @entity5 . Therefore, genetic analysis is likely to be key in determining appropriate treatment. The most common first-line chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity5771 is a @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ) combination regimen. However, this regimen is associated with cumulative myelosuppression, @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity353 . Therefore, other chemotherapy agents and regimens have been investigated. Perhaps the most promising is @entity2903 , a novel alkylating agent that freely crosses the blood-brain barrier. @entity2903 is approved in the United States for the treatment of recurrent @entity816 and in Europe for any recurrent high-grade @entity11 . Initial reports suggest that @entity2903 is effective in treating @entity3271 as first- and second-line chemotherapy. Unlike the @entity1485 regimen, @entity2903 is not associated with cumulative myelosuppression and is usually well tolerated. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety profile of @entity2903 and to determine the optimal dose and schedule for treating @entity3271 .

title: Recent developments in the molecular characterization and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'oligoastrocytomas', 'OAs', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide', 'Temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'ODs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglial tumors']


abstract: After demineralization, sagittal sections were made from the lateral, the central and the medial parts of 33 mandibular condyles from @entity1 aged 20 to 36 years, and studied for undifferentiated mesenchymal (UM) cells, cartilage and subchondral bone, the thickness of which were measured. Two condyles showed a continuous layer of UM cells extending all over. In 13 condyles, UM cells were absent; 18 condyles showed variability in UM cell occurrence in one or more out of the nine standardized areas. In 14 condyles, non- @entity1184 cartilage was present, 10 condyles showed @entity1184 cartilage and in nine condyles hyperplastic cartilage. @entity5072 cartilage was associated with minimal numbers of UM cells. In combination with @entity1184 cartilage the UM cell layer appeared less irregular. Of nine condyles with incongruence of the cartilage-bone interface and the articular surface, seven showed hyperplastic cartilage. Six out of these seven were free of bony changes. A negative correlation was found between the presence of UM cells and the condylar-cartilage thickness (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that condylar changes are initiated by alterations in the cartilage and that changes in the bone are secondary.

title: Histomorphometric analysis of cartilage and subchondral bone in mandibular condyles of young XXXX adults at autopsy.

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the central cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and central @entity2871 signaling in the cardiovascular effects evoked by @entity1426 (AA). As a main control for the study, different doses of AA (75, 150, or 300    g) were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.). Centrally injected AA dose- and time-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and @entity1168 in conscious normotensive @entity35 . The maximal cardiovascular effects of AA were observed at min 10 of the injection and lasted almost 30  min. To investigate the central mechanism of the AA-induced cardiovascular effect in conscious normotensive animals, pretreatment with nonselective COX inhibitor @entity3352 (200    g; i.c.v.), @entity2404 (TXA2) synthesis inhibitor @entity19343 (250 or 500    g; i.c.v.), or TXA2 receptor antagonist @entity13078 (8 or 16    g; i.c.v.) was carried out 15  min before AA (150    g; i.c.v.) injection. While @entity3352 completely prevented the pressor and bradycardic responses to AA, @entity19343 and @entity13078 attenuated these effects in part in awake normotensive @entity35 . In conclusion, these findings suggest that the pressor and bradycardic cardiovascular effects of centrally injected AA are dependent on COX activity being totally central and the TXA2 signaling pathway being subsequently central, at least in part.

title: Central mechanism underlying pressor and bradycardic effect of intracerebroventricularly injected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity19343 :: ('MESH:C039936', 'Chemical') :: ['furegrelate']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between hypofibrinolysis, @entity49 , and @entity2530 . We evaluated the frequency of abnormal concentrations of 9 coagulation factors in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2530 . METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from 45 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2530 . Etiologic associations included @entity1252 (n = 9), @entity29 (n = 1), corticosteroid therapy (n = 20), or history of heavy @entity167 (n = 4) or @entity286 (n = 3) use. No associated risk factors were identified in 5 @entity1 ; these individuals were labeled "idiopathic." The @entity1 cohort was matched to a similarly studied cohort of 40 healthy individuals without documented @entity2530 . The following factors were analyzed: plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-Fx), stimulated tissue plasminogen activator, lipoprotein (a), resistance to activated protein C, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL IgG, IgM), protein C, protein S (free), and @entity1255 . RESULTS: Thirty-seven of the 45 @entity1 (82.2%) with @entity2530 were found to have at least one @entity1003 , versus 30% of controls (p < 0.0001). Twenty-one @entity1 (46.7%) were identified with 2 or more abnormal test results versus 2.5% of controls (p < 0.0001). @entity1 were more likely than controls to have high levels of the hypofibrinolytic plasminogen activator inhibitor activity (42% vs 3%; p < 0.0001), and high anticardiolipin antibody IgG (34% vs 10%; p = 0.008). At least one coagulation factor abnormality was detected in all 5 idiopathic @entity1 ; elevated aCL IgG and PAI-Fx were evident in 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high incidence of thrombophilic and @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity2530 . These findings have major implications for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of this disease. Since some of these abnormalities may be the result of @entity74 , it may be possible to detect individuals at risk for development of this disease.

title: Procoagulants and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinolytic coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorders']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4518 ( @entity571 ) is a significant cause of morbidity. Epidemiological data suggests that the use of @entity2931 replacement therapy ( @entity18437 ) may protect against tibiofemoral knee @entity571 . However, the effect on patellofemoral @entity571 is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that long term @entity18437 (greater than 5 years) is associated with increased patella cartilage in post menopausal @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 81 @entity1 (42 current users (> 5 yrs) of @entity2931 replacement therapy and 39 never users). Articular cartilage volumes were determined by post-processing images acquired in the sagittal plane using a T1-weighted fat suppressed magnetic resonance sequence on an independent workstation. RESULTS: There was no difference in the amount of patella cartilage in @entity1 on @entity18437 compared to @entity1 on no @entity18437 . After adjusting for patella bone size, years since menopause, body mass index, age of menopause and smoking, @entity18437 users had 2.07 +/- 0.76 ml of patella cartilage compared to 1.93 +/- 0.89 ml in non-users (P = 0.24 for difference). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that use of @entity18437 for more than 5 years does not have a significant effect on patella cartilage, in contrast to the previously described effect on tibial cartilage. The reasons for this are unknown, but may indicate that there are differences in the mechanisms for development of knee @entity571 at these sites.

title: Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on patella cartilage in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['Patellofemoral osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA on cell proliferation and apoptosis in @entity356 cell lines with high expression of RegIa. METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from six @entity356 cell lines,and the expression of RegI a mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. RegI a RNAi expression vector was constructed and stably transfected into @entity1 and @entity15206 cells with high RegI a expression, empty-vector was used as control. RegI a mRNA and protein expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively in stable transfected cell lines. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected with @entity98 assay and flow cytometry. RESULT: RT-PCR results indicated that RegI a mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by RNAi in both cell lines compared with empty-vector. Western blot results showed that RegIa protein was down-regulated to (44    4)% and (25    4)% respectively in @entity1 and @entity15206 cells compared to empty-vector. MTT results showed that cell growth was significantly inhibited in @entity1 and @entity15206 cells. The apoptosis rate in @entity1 and @entity15206 cells was remarkable increased compared to that of empty-vector (12.96    0.50)% compared with (3.99    0.30)% and (11.59    1.10)% compared with (4.22    0.40)% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Small interfering RNA of RegI a gene can efficiently down-regulate RegI a expression in @entity1 and @entity15206 cell lines, and further inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis.

title: [Small interfering RNA inhibits cell proliferation in XXXX cell lines highly expressing RegIa].

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Thirteen adult @entity1 with @entity9479 , resistant to prior analgesic and other therapy, were treated with intravenous infusions of the opiate antagonist, @entity1510 . A total of twenty treatments were administered with doses of @entity1510 varying from 4.0-8.0 mgs. Seven @entity1 exhibited beneficial effects with the duration of the resultant @entity158 relief ranging from four days to two and a half years. In these @entity1 , @entity158 and hyperpathia were completely obtunded in six out of seven and partially in one. Side effects of therapy were minimal and of short duration being mainly confined to the cardiovascular system. During therapy all @entity1 had continuous E.C.G. monitoring. In certain ischaemic conditions of the central nervous system, endogenous opioids possibly reduce cerebral blood flow via. inhibition of the locus coeruleus and subsequent release of @entity1063 : hence @entity1510 by inhibiting the opioids could increase cerebral perfusion pressure. This study has shown the benefit of treating @entity1 with cerebral @entity75 with an opioid antagonist. The rapidity of onset of @entity158 relief in these @entity1 would appear to indicate a mode of action by increasing cerebral perfusion.

title: The use of the opiate antagonist, XXXX , in the treatment of intractable @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['established thalamic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: Thirteen adult @entity1 with @entity9479 , resistant to prior analgesic and other therapy, were treated with intravenous infusions of the opiate antagonist, @entity1510 . A total of twenty treatments were administered with doses of @entity1510 varying from 4.0-8.0 mgs. Seven @entity1 exhibited beneficial effects with the duration of the resultant @entity158 relief ranging from four days to two and a half years. In these @entity1 , @entity158 and hyperpathia were completely obtunded in six out of seven and partially in one. Side effects of therapy were minimal and of short duration being mainly confined to the cardiovascular system. During therapy all @entity1 had continuous E.C.G. monitoring. In certain ischaemic conditions of the central nervous system, endogenous opioids possibly reduce cerebral blood flow via. inhibition of the locus coeruleus and subsequent release of @entity1063 : hence @entity1510 by inhibiting the opioids could increase cerebral perfusion pressure. This study has shown the benefit of treating @entity1 with cerebral @entity75 with an opioid antagonist. The rapidity of onset of @entity158 relief in these @entity1 would appear to indicate a mode of action by increasing cerebral perfusion.

title: The use of the opiate antagonist, @entity1510 , in the treatment of intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: An 18 cm x 16 cm x 10 cm @entity5 of the @entity1819 , invading the @entity409 , pancreatic body and tail, and transverse colon, with peritoneal deposits on the major omentum, was resected by total gastrectomy plus left hepatic lobectomy, transverse colectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and omentectomy. Histopathologically, the @entity5 consisted of large uniform cells with significant nuclear atypia, showing solid growth patterns with occasional small nests without @entity420 components. Immunohistochemical investigations of the neoplastic cells confirmed the @entity5 as a @entity3270 . molecular analyses disclosed loss of heterozygosity at the @entity16857 gene locus on chromosome 11q13. Recurrence occurred at the hepatic hilus and incurred @entity3883 months after surgery. Following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, intensive chemotherapy (20 mg/m(2) @entity900 on days 1-5 div, 100 mg/m(2) etoposide on days 1, 3, and 5 div, and 800 mg/m(2) @entity1487 on days 1-5 bolus iv) was started. The recurrent @entity5 shrank dramatically, and could not be detected on image modalities after five courses of chemotherapy. The @entity1 was well and free of symptoms without biliary drainage for 5 months. Then he began to present with @entity1087 again, and died of acute massive dissemination 7 months after surgery. An aggressive form of @entity3270 has been known to be associated with an extremely poor prognosis. However, it is notable that treatment with extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy could contribute to an improvement in quality of life even if the beneficial effect lasted for only half a year.

title: A case of aggressive XXXX of the @entity1819 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice 2']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['left lobe of the liver']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NE carcinoma', 'neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: An 18 cm x 16 cm x 10 cm @entity5 of the @entity1819 , invading the @entity409 , pancreatic body and tail, and transverse colon, with peritoneal deposits on the major omentum, was resected by total gastrectomy plus left hepatic lobectomy, transverse colectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and omentectomy. Histopathologically, the @entity5 consisted of large uniform cells with significant nuclear atypia, showing solid growth patterns with occasional small nests without @entity420 components. Immunohistochemical investigations of the neoplastic cells confirmed the @entity5 as a @entity3270 . molecular analyses disclosed loss of heterozygosity at the @entity16857 gene locus on chromosome 11q13. Recurrence occurred at the hepatic hilus and incurred @entity3883 months after surgery. Following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, intensive chemotherapy (20 mg/m(2) @entity900 on days 1-5 div, 100 mg/m(2) etoposide on days 1, 3, and 5 div, and 800 mg/m(2) @entity1487 on days 1-5 bolus iv) was started. The recurrent @entity5 shrank dramatically, and could not be detected on image modalities after five courses of chemotherapy. The @entity1 was well and free of symptoms without biliary drainage for 5 months. Then he began to present with @entity1087 again, and died of acute massive dissemination 7 months after surgery. An aggressive form of @entity3270 has been known to be associated with an extremely poor prognosis. However, it is notable that treatment with extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy could contribute to an improvement in quality of life even if the beneficial effect lasted for only half a year.

title: A case of aggressive @entity3270 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['stomach']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pure natural honey on radiation-induced @entity33 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 diagnosed with @entity135 requiring radiation to the oropharyngeal mucosal area were divided in to two groups to receive either radiation alone or radiation plus topical application of pure natural honey. @entity1 were treated using a 6-MV linear accelerator at a dose rate of 2 Gy per day five times a week up to a dose of 60-70 Gy. In the study arm, @entity1 were advised to take 20 ml of pure honey 15 min before, 15 min after and 6 h post-radiation therapy. @entity1 were evaluated every week for the development of @entity3137 using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading system. MAIN RESULTS: There was significant reduction in the symptomatic grade 3/4 @entity33 among honey-treated @entity1 compared to controls; i.e. 20% versus 75% ( p 0.00058). The compliance of honey-treated group of @entity1 was better than controls. Fifty-five percent of @entity1 treated with topical honey showed no change or a positive gain in body weight compared to 25% in the control arm ( p 0.053), the majority of whom lost weight. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of natural honey is a simple and cost-effective treatment in @entity3137 , which warrants further multi-centre randomised trials to validate our finding.

title: Topical application of honey in the management of XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['radiation mucositis']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['radiation mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 use adversely affects oral health. @entity286 use prevention and cessation (TUPAC) counselling guidelines recommend that healthcare providers ask about each @entity1 's tobacco use, assess the @entity1 's readiness and willingness to stop, document @entity286 use habits, advise the @entity1 to stop, assist and help in quitting, and arrange monitoring of progress at follow-up appointments. Adherence to such guidelines, especially among dental providers, is poor. To improve guideline implementation, it is essential to understand factors influencing it and find effective ways to influence those factors. The aim of the present study protocol is to introduce a theory-based approach to diagnose implementation difficulties of TUPAC counselling guidelines among dental providers. METHODS: Theories of behaviour change have been used to identify key theoretical domains relevant to the behaviours of healthcare providers involved in implementing clinical guidelines. These theoretical domains will inform the development of a questionnaire aimed at assessing the implementation of the TUPAC counselling guidelines among Finnish municipal dental providers. Specific items will be drawn from the guidelines and the literature on TUPAC studies. After identifying potential implementation difficulties, we will design two interventions using theories of behaviour change to link them with relevant behaviour change techniques aiming to improve guideline adherence. For assessing the implementation of TUPAC guidelines, the electronic dental record audit and self-reported questionnaires will be used. DISCUSSION: To improve guideline adherence, the theoretical-domains approach could provide a comprehensive basis for assessing implementation difficulties, as well as designing and evaluating interventions. After having identified implementation difficulties, we will design and test two interventions to enhance TUPAC guideline adherence. Using the cluster randomised controlled design, we aim to provide further evidence on intervention effects, as well as on the validity and feasibility of the theoretical-domain approach. The empirical data collected within this trial will be useful in testing whether this theoretical-domain approach can improve our understanding of the implementation of TUPAC guidelines among dental providers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15427433.

title: Enhancing implementation of XXXX use prevention and cessation counselling guideline among dental providers: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']