abstract: The skin is an organ most often affected by @entity137 . Because of limited reactivity of the skin, different drugs may induce the same reactions on the skin, even if the same drug may induce different @entity137 . Many of these @entity137 do not include immunological mechanisms, most of them are non-immunological processes. @entity137 which involve an immune system, may appear different times after drug administration. The severity of reactions is not dependent on the time at which adverse drug reaction appeared, even if some life threatening @entity137 appear immediately after a drug administration. Four types of immunological reactions, (according to Cooms and Gell), may be involved in a drug adverse reaction. The first type of reaction (anaphylactic reaction) begins early after drug administration and different severities of the reactions could exist. The second type, known as cytotoxic @entity56 , begins after some minutes to a few hours after a drug administration. Third and fourth types of immunological reactions begin usually hours to days after drug administration. Some types of immunological reactions may begin days to weeks after drug administration. Sensitization to the drugs must be happen early, since re-exposition to the drug leads to the @entity137 . The way of sensitization sometimes determines which immune mechanism will be involved and which clinical reaction will appear. Tests in vivo and in vitro can be used in the diagnosis of @entity137 . All these tests are more or less limited to a false positive or false negative reaction and possibilities of serious reactions in tests. Provocations tests give the most satisfactory results but they may be dangerous and life threatening. We must carefully choose the skin tests and apply them according to the suspected pathomechanism of adverse drug reaction geneses and estimate the usefulness and the risks of the tests. Serious @entity137 (i.e. Sy @entity6715 etc.) should not be tested. Some novel patents will have important implications in administration, diagnosis, and prevention of @entity137 .

title: Mechanisms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions', 'adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Steven-Johnson, lupus-like disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['drug hypersensitivity reactions and the skin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity984 mutation is predictive of nonresponse and shorter survival in @entity1 treated by anti- @entity470 (anti- @entity470 ) antibody for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), leading the European Medicine Agency to limit its use to @entity1 with wild-type @entity984 @entity5 . However, only half of these @entity1 will benefit from treatment, suggesting the need to identify additional biomarkers for cetuximab-based treatment efficacy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected @entity5 from 173 @entity1 with mCRC. All but one @entity1 received a cetuximab-based regimen as second-line or greater therapy. @entity984 and @entity817 status were assessed by allelic discrimination. @entity470 amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the expression of @entity983 was assessed by immunochemistry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (n = 116), @entity817 mutations (n = 5) were weakly associated with lack of response (P = .063) but were strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (P < .001) and shorter @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P < .001). A high @entity470 polysomy or an @entity470 amplification was found in 17.7% of the @entity1 and was associated with response (P = .015). @entity983 null expression was found in 19.9% of the @entity1 and was associated with shorter @entity1349 (P = .013). In multivariate analysis, @entity817 mutation and @entity983 expression status were associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity817 status, @entity470 amplification, and cytoplasmic expression of @entity983 were associated with outcome measures in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated with a cetuximab-based regimen. Subsequent studies in clinical trial cohorts will be required to confirm the clinical utility of these markers.

title: Analysis of @entity983 , @entity817 , and @entity470 status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type XXXX metastatic colon cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity984 mutation is predictive of nonresponse and shorter survival in @entity1 treated by anti- @entity470 (anti- @entity470 ) antibody for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), leading the European Medicine Agency to limit its use to @entity1 with wild-type @entity984 @entity5 . However, only half of these @entity1 will benefit from treatment, suggesting the need to identify additional biomarkers for cetuximab-based treatment efficacy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected @entity5 from 173 @entity1 with mCRC. All but one @entity1 received a cetuximab-based regimen as second-line or greater therapy. @entity984 and @entity817 status were assessed by allelic discrimination. @entity470 amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the expression of @entity983 was assessed by immunochemistry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (n = 116), @entity817 mutations (n = 5) were weakly associated with lack of response (P = .063) but were strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (P < .001) and shorter @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P < .001). A high @entity470 polysomy or an @entity470 amplification was found in 17.7% of the @entity1 and was associated with response (P = .015). @entity983 null expression was found in 19.9% of the @entity1 and was associated with shorter @entity1349 (P = .013). In multivariate analysis, @entity817 mutation and @entity983 expression status were associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity817 status, @entity470 amplification, and cytoplasmic expression of @entity983 were associated with outcome measures in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated with a cetuximab-based regimen. Subsequent studies in clinical trial cohorts will be required to confirm the clinical utility of these markers.

title: Analysis of @entity983 , @entity817 , and XXXX status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type @entity984 metastatic colon cancer.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity984 mutation is predictive of nonresponse and shorter survival in @entity1 treated by anti- @entity470 (anti- @entity470 ) antibody for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), leading the European Medicine Agency to limit its use to @entity1 with wild-type @entity984 @entity5 . However, only half of these @entity1 will benefit from treatment, suggesting the need to identify additional biomarkers for cetuximab-based treatment efficacy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected @entity5 from 173 @entity1 with mCRC. All but one @entity1 received a cetuximab-based regimen as second-line or greater therapy. @entity984 and @entity817 status were assessed by allelic discrimination. @entity470 amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the expression of @entity983 was assessed by immunochemistry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (n = 116), @entity817 mutations (n = 5) were weakly associated with lack of response (P = .063) but were strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (P < .001) and shorter @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P < .001). A high @entity470 polysomy or an @entity470 amplification was found in 17.7% of the @entity1 and was associated with response (P = .015). @entity983 null expression was found in 19.9% of the @entity1 and was associated with shorter @entity1349 (P = .013). In multivariate analysis, @entity817 mutation and @entity983 expression status were associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity817 status, @entity470 amplification, and cytoplasmic expression of @entity983 were associated with outcome measures in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated with a cetuximab-based regimen. Subsequent studies in clinical trial cohorts will be required to confirm the clinical utility of these markers.

title: Analysis of @entity983 , XXXX , and @entity470 status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type @entity984 metastatic colon cancer.

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: PURPOSE: The occurrence of @entity984 mutation is predictive of nonresponse and shorter survival in @entity1 treated by anti- @entity470 (anti- @entity470 ) antibody for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), leading the European Medicine Agency to limit its use to @entity1 with wild-type @entity984 @entity5 . However, only half of these @entity1 will benefit from treatment, suggesting the need to identify additional biomarkers for cetuximab-based treatment efficacy. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected @entity5 from 173 @entity1 with mCRC. All but one @entity1 received a cetuximab-based regimen as second-line or greater therapy. @entity984 and @entity817 status were assessed by allelic discrimination. @entity470 amplification was assessed by chromogenic in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the expression of @entity983 was assessed by immunochemistry. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 (n = 116), @entity817 mutations (n = 5) were weakly associated with lack of response (P = .063) but were strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (P < .001) and shorter @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; P < .001). A high @entity470 polysomy or an @entity470 amplification was found in 17.7% of the @entity1 and was associated with response (P = .015). @entity983 null expression was found in 19.9% of the @entity1 and was associated with shorter @entity1349 (P = .013). In multivariate analysis, @entity817 mutation and @entity983 expression status were associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: @entity817 status, @entity470 amplification, and cytoplasmic expression of @entity983 were associated with outcome measures in @entity984 wild-type @entity1 treated with a cetuximab-based regimen. Subsequent studies in clinical trial cohorts will be required to confirm the clinical utility of these markers.

title: Analysis of XXXX , @entity817 , and @entity470 status in determining benefit from cetuximab therapy in wild-type @entity984 metastatic colon cancer.

answer: @entity983 :: (5728,Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe @entity417 caused by dose-dense XXXX - @entity3003 combination therapy have an effect on the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe @entity417 caused by dose-dense @entity1311 - XXXX combination therapy have an effect on the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['Carboplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe XXXX caused by dose-dense @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy have an effect on the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe @entity417 caused by dose-dense @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy have an effect on the survival of @entity1 with XXXX ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe @entity417 caused by dose-dense @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy have an effect on the survival of XXXX with @entity43 ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Persistent high-titre inhibitors after immune tolerance induction (ITI) increase the risks of @entity548 and @entity2720 , resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Long-term prophylaxis with bypassing agents may avert these risks. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of early prophylaxis with @entity33081 in preventing @entity548 and @entity16 after failed ITI. Seven paediatric @entity1 proceeded immediately after failed ITI to long-term @entity33081 prophylaxis at 60-100 IU kg(-1) dosages and various dosing intervals depending upon @entity548 tendency. Bleeding episodes and joint status were assessed. Thrombin generation assays (TGA) were also used to gauge treatment response. @entity33081 prophylaxis was commenced at a median age of 6.0 years (range, 1.5-11.8 years) and continued for a median duration of 6.9 years (range, 0.8-17.1 years). The mean annual incidence of @entity548 was 1.5 episodes per year with a 95% CI of 0.7-3.0 episodes per year. Muscle @entity548 incidence was 0.9 episodes per year (CI, 0.6-1.2 episodes per year). No @entity1 experienced major @entity16 during prophylaxis. Median Pettersson and orthopaedic joint scores at the last follow-up evaluation were 4 (range, 0-12) and 2 (range, 0-4) respectively. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) measured by TGA exceeded 80% of normal after @entity33081 infusion in the majority of the @entity1 . Between regular prophylactic infusions, mean trough ETP equalled 2.6 fold of the inhibitor plasma control mean. @entity33081 prophylaxis was well-tolerated without serious @entity715 or other complications. The only adverse event involved venous access. Therefore early long-term @entity33081 prophylaxis is valuable in controlling @entity548 and preserving joint integrity in young @entity1 failing ITI.

title: Early long-term XXXX prophylaxis in haemophilia A @entity1 with inhibitor after failing immune tolerance induction: A prospective clinical case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage', 'joint bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity33081 :: (MESH:C065655,Chemical) :: ['FEIBA']


abstract: Persistent high-titre inhibitors after immune tolerance induction (ITI) increase the risks of @entity548 and @entity2720 , resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Long-term prophylaxis with bypassing agents may avert these risks. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness and safety of early prophylaxis with @entity33081 in preventing @entity548 and @entity16 after failed ITI. Seven paediatric @entity1 proceeded immediately after failed ITI to long-term @entity33081 prophylaxis at 60-100 IU kg(-1) dosages and various dosing intervals depending upon @entity548 tendency. Bleeding episodes and joint status were assessed. Thrombin generation assays (TGA) were also used to gauge treatment response. @entity33081 prophylaxis was commenced at a median age of 6.0 years (range, 1.5-11.8 years) and continued for a median duration of 6.9 years (range, 0.8-17.1 years). The mean annual incidence of @entity548 was 1.5 episodes per year with a 95% CI of 0.7-3.0 episodes per year. Muscle @entity548 incidence was 0.9 episodes per year (CI, 0.6-1.2 episodes per year). No @entity1 experienced major @entity16 during prophylaxis. Median Pettersson and orthopaedic joint scores at the last follow-up evaluation were 4 (range, 0-12) and 2 (range, 0-4) respectively. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) measured by TGA exceeded 80% of normal after @entity33081 infusion in the majority of the @entity1 . Between regular prophylactic infusions, mean trough ETP equalled 2.6 fold of the inhibitor plasma control mean. @entity33081 prophylaxis was well-tolerated without serious @entity715 or other complications. The only adverse event involved venous access. Therefore early long-term @entity33081 prophylaxis is valuable in controlling @entity548 and preserving joint integrity in young @entity1 failing ITI.

title: Early long-term @entity33081 prophylaxis in haemophilia A XXXX with inhibitor after failing immune tolerance induction: A prospective clinical case series.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Following the success of the @entity365 ( @entity365 ), there has been considerable interest in technique modifications such as the transobturator approach for implant placement. We attempted to elucidate possible anatomical and clinical differences between the two methods in a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and fourteen @entity1 who had undergone @entity365 or Monarc implantation were assessed by or under the supervision of the senior author, with identical tensioning technique. They were followed up by an interview, uroflowmetry, and translabial 3D ultrasound. There were significant differences for @entity1 satisfaction (P=0.013), subjective overall cure/improvement (P=0.0018), and the symptom of poor stream (P=0.03), all favoring the Monarc group. On imaging Monarc tapes appeared more proximal at rest (P=0.006) and Valsalva (P=0.002) and remained further from the symphysis pubis on Valsalva (P=0.01). At 9 months follow-up, there was no significant difference as regards to cure rates for stress incontinence between the two suburethral slings. Monarc tapes are located more proximally and may be less obstructive, judging from a lower incidence of symptoms of @entity409 . @entity1 satisfaction and overall subjective cure/improvement were higher after Monarc. In summary, the Monarc is an effective @entity365 alternative, achieving cure of stress incontinence by similar means. It may be less obstructive, resulting in improved @entity1 satisfaction.

title: XXXX vs Monarc: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape', 'TVT']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['TVT']


abstract: For @entity1 with diffuse pontine @entity11 , our institution offers local radiotherapy and supportive care only. The prognosis and do-not-resuscitate orders are discussed upfront with @entity1 ' parents. To investigate the effectiveness of this policy, we retrospectively reviewed records of @entity1 with diffuse pontine @entity11 treated at the institution over a 49-month period. This study included 19 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ). The median age at diagnosis was 7 years. One @entity1 remained alive at the end of the study, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 16 were confirmed dead. The median survival was 8.2 months. Do-not-resuscitate discussion was documented for 14 @entity1 and successfully initiated for 11. None of those confirmed dead had been offered life support. Contrary to the common belief, our study showed that do not resuscitate should be addressed in Muslim @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 . We also found that diffuse pontine @entity11 warrants further study in developing countries.

title: Diffuse pontine XXXX in Jordan and impact of up-front prognosis disclosure with parents and families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the magnitude, time course, and specificity of @entity109 (PB)-mediated enzyme induction, and further, to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic (PK)-enzyme model describing the changes in the activities of CYP enzymes as well as in the PK of PB. METHODS: PB plasma concentrations and in vitro activities of several CYP enzymes were measured in @entity35 treated with PB between 0 and 14 days. A PB PK-enzyme induction model was developed using the program NONMEM: . RESULTS: PB treatment both induces and reduces the activity of CYP enzymes by stimulating the enzymes' formation or elimination rates. Certain CYP enzymes affected the PB PK through autoinduction. The half-life of the induction process was estimated to be 2 days for @entity7771 , @entity69062 , and @entity36158 , and 3 days for @entity2671 producing enzymes. The @entity11042 activity was rapidly reduced by PB treatment. A lag time for the PB autoinduction was observed. This lag time is explained by the rate difference between induction and reduction in CYP activities. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first example of an induction model that simultaneously describes plasma PK and in vitro data. It does so by integrating the bidirectional interaction between drug and enzymes in a mechanistic manner.

title: A mechanism-based integrated pharmacokinetic enzyme model describing the time course and magnitude of XXXX -mediated enzyme induction in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the magnitude, time course, and specificity of @entity109 (PB)-mediated enzyme induction, and further, to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic (PK)-enzyme model describing the changes in the activities of CYP enzymes as well as in the PK of PB. METHODS: PB plasma concentrations and in vitro activities of several CYP enzymes were measured in @entity35 treated with PB between 0 and 14 days. A PB PK-enzyme induction model was developed using the program NONMEM: . RESULTS: PB treatment both induces and reduces the activity of CYP enzymes by stimulating the enzymes' formation or elimination rates. Certain CYP enzymes affected the PB PK through autoinduction. The half-life of the induction process was estimated to be 2 days for @entity7771 , @entity69062 , and @entity36158 , and 3 days for @entity2671 producing enzymes. The @entity11042 activity was rapidly reduced by PB treatment. A lag time for the PB autoinduction was observed. This lag time is explained by the rate difference between induction and reduction in CYP activities. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first example of an induction model that simultaneously describes plasma PK and in vitro data. It does so by integrating the bidirectional interaction between drug and enzymes in a mechanistic manner.

title: A mechanism-based integrated pharmacokinetic enzyme model describing the time course and magnitude of @entity109 -mediated enzyme induction in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity795 is a congenital @entity7881 . This @entity2526 involves the skeletal system, soft tissues, skin and vascular system. The most likely pathogenesis involves somatic mosaicism. Main manifestations included soft-tissue and @entity7174 , partial @entity11125 , @entity11122 , exostoses, @entity362 and @entity455 . The most common @entity75 are hemimegencephaly and @entity74 . We present a case of @entity795 with @entity455 which are not described previously. CLINICAL CASE: Our @entity1 is a 61 year-old male who has @entity1184 of the four limbs, @entity41163 and @entity1184 of chest and abdomen asymmetric with mild @entity7439 . Prominent and abundant of the four extremities and trunk, also asymmetric. @entity5 in the skin of trunk and left limb. Cerebral MRI shows @entity6623 and @entity600 . CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnostic criteria of @entity795 are documented in our @entity1 . He also has @entity2457 which are not described previously in the literature. We consider that both findings are not a product of causality due to the high prevalence of @entity1317 malformations in these @entity1 . We hypothesize that a single mutation, probably involving genes in relation with apoptotic control will be responsible of @entity795 and @entity455 in our @entity1 , due to a defect of angiogenesis.

title: [ @entity795 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['hemihypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular anomalies', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity7174 :: ('MESH:D009506', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal nevi']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cavernous malformations']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic disorder']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angiomas']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['brain vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['migrational disorders']

entities_list: @entity41163 :: ('MESH:C562546', 'Disease') :: ['macrodactyly']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular hamartomatous']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['cerebral vascular malformations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity795 is a congenital @entity7881 . This @entity2526 involves the skeletal system, soft tissues, skin and vascular system. The most likely pathogenesis involves somatic mosaicism. Main manifestations included soft-tissue and @entity7174 , partial @entity11125 , @entity11122 , exostoses, @entity362 and @entity455 . The most common @entity75 are hemimegencephaly and @entity74 . We present a case of @entity795 with @entity455 which are not described previously. CLINICAL CASE: Our @entity1 is a 61 year-old male who has @entity1184 of the four limbs, @entity41163 and @entity1184 of chest and abdomen asymmetric with mild @entity7439 . Prominent and abundant of the four extremities and trunk, also asymmetric. @entity5 in the skin of trunk and left limb. Cerebral MRI shows @entity6623 and @entity600 . CONCLUSION: Clinical diagnostic criteria of @entity795 are documented in our @entity1 . He also has @entity2457 which are not described previously in the literature. We consider that both findings are not a product of causality due to the high prevalence of @entity1317 malformations in these @entity1 . We hypothesize that a single mutation, probably involving genes in relation with apoptotic control will be responsible of @entity795 and @entity455 in our @entity1 , due to a defect of angiogenesis.

title: [ XXXX with @entity2457 ].

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['hemihypertrophy']

answer: @entity795 :: (MESH:D016715,Disease) :: ['Proteus syndrome']


abstract: @entity4617 in the pediatric population are rare, their incidence range between 0.001% and 0.003%. They are mostly benign, @entity4618 the most common type, followed by @entity81 . The clinical features are being usually nonspecific and depend on the size and location of the @entity5 within the heart. We report the case of a previously healthy four-year-old @entity1 referred for @entity1109 . A @entity1729 was suspected and a chest X-ray showed an increased cardiothoracic index. An echocardiogram revealed a single large heterogeneous mass in the left ventricle emerging from the lateral wall. Despite its size, the mass did not obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract or affect mitral valve function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass whose imaging features were suggestive of a @entity81 . He became symptomatic during follow-up and was referred for surgical excision of the mass. Histological study confirmed a @entity81 . At present the @entity1 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX in a @entity1 : an incidental diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromas', 'fibroma']

answer: @entity4617 :: (MESH:D006338,Disease) :: ['cardiac tumor']


abstract: @entity4617 in the pediatric population are rare, their incidence range between 0.001% and 0.003%. They are mostly benign, @entity4618 the most common type, followed by @entity81 . The clinical features are being usually nonspecific and depend on the size and location of the @entity5 within the heart. We report the case of a previously healthy four-year-old @entity1 referred for @entity1109 . A @entity1729 was suspected and a chest X-ray showed an increased cardiothoracic index. An echocardiogram revealed a single large heterogeneous mass in the left ventricle emerging from the lateral wall. Despite its size, the mass did not obstruct the left ventricular outflow tract or affect mitral valve function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass whose imaging features were suggestive of a @entity81 . He became symptomatic during follow-up and was referred for surgical excision of the mass. Histological study confirmed a @entity81 . At present the @entity1 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Asymptomatic @entity4617 in a XXXX : an incidental diagnosis].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Spores of @entity6192 are enclosed by an exosporium composed of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is apparently formed by a single glycoprotein, while the basal layer contains many different structural proteins and several enzymes. One of the enzymes is Alr, an @entity493 racemase capable of converting the spore germinant @entity5098 to the germination inhibitor @entity12211 . Unlike other characterized exosporium proteins, Alr is nonuniformly distributed in the exosporium and might have a second spore location. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the alr gene, which encodes Alr, is restricted to sporulating cells and that the bulk of alr transcription and Alr synthesis occurs during the late stages of sporulation. We also mapped two alr promoters that are differentially active during sporulation and might be involved in the atypical localization of Alr. Finally, we constructed a Deltaalr mutant of @entity6192 that lacks Alr and examined the properties of the spores produced by this strain. Mature Deltaalr spores germinate more efficiently in the presence of @entity5098 , presumably because of their inability to convert exogenous @entity5098 to @entity12211 , but they respond normally to other germinants. Surprisingly, the production of mature spores by the Deltaalr mutant is defective because approximately one-half of the nascent spores germinate and lose their resistance properties before they are released from the mother cell. This phenotype suggests that an important function of Alr is to produce @entity12211 during the late stages of sporulation to suppress premature germination of the developing spore.

title: The spore-specific @entity493 racemase of XXXX and its role in suppressing germination during spore development.

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus anthracis', 'B. anthracis']

entities_list: @entity5098 :: ('CHEBI:16977', 'Chemical') :: ['l-alanine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity12211 :: ('CHEBI:15570', 'Chemical') :: ['d-alanine', 'D-alanine']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Species) :: ['Bacillus anthracis']


abstract: Spores of @entity6192 are enclosed by an exosporium composed of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is apparently formed by a single glycoprotein, while the basal layer contains many different structural proteins and several enzymes. One of the enzymes is Alr, an @entity493 racemase capable of converting the spore germinant @entity5098 to the germination inhibitor @entity12211 . Unlike other characterized exosporium proteins, Alr is nonuniformly distributed in the exosporium and might have a second spore location. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the alr gene, which encodes Alr, is restricted to sporulating cells and that the bulk of alr transcription and Alr synthesis occurs during the late stages of sporulation. We also mapped two alr promoters that are differentially active during sporulation and might be involved in the atypical localization of Alr. Finally, we constructed a Deltaalr mutant of @entity6192 that lacks Alr and examined the properties of the spores produced by this strain. Mature Deltaalr spores germinate more efficiently in the presence of @entity5098 , presumably because of their inability to convert exogenous @entity5098 to @entity12211 , but they respond normally to other germinants. Surprisingly, the production of mature spores by the Deltaalr mutant is defective because approximately one-half of the nascent spores germinate and lose their resistance properties before they are released from the mother cell. This phenotype suggests that an important function of Alr is to produce @entity12211 during the late stages of sporulation to suppress premature germination of the developing spore.

title: The spore-specific XXXX racemase of @entity6192 and its role in suppressing germination during spore development.

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our experience with @entity1 with @entity3484 of nonurothelial origin. @entity3484 of nonurothelial origin are uncommon entities. To our knowledge, no series of @entity1 with these @entity5 has been published in the past decade. METHODS: We reviewed the records at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center from 1990 to 2004 to identify @entity1 with primary @entity5 of the upper urinary tract. We reviewed the @entity1 records to collect data on @entity5 subtype, treatment, recurrence, and survival. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (1.9% of our database of @entity1 with @entity3484 ) were identified; 12 had @entity957 , 2 had @entity420 , 1 had @entity189 , and 1 had @entity4153 . The @entity5 were located in the renal pelvis in 10 and the ureter in 6. Of the 16 @entity1 , 15 had been treated with nephrectomy or nephrouterectomy and 1 with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Fifteen of the @entity5 were pathologic Stage T3 or worse. Ten @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of the 16 @entity1 , 9 died (1 of unknown causes), 4 were alive without disease, 2 were alive with disease, and 1 was alive at last follow-up with the disease status unknown. The median follow-up was 30.1 months, the median overall survival time was 11.3 months, and 1-year survival rate was 46%. The median recurrence-free survival time and 1-year recurrence-free survival rate were 5.8 months and 38%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity189 of the renal pelvis and ureter are rare. Our analysis suggests a poor prognosis for most @entity1 with these pathologic types, probably resulting from the advanced stage at diagnosis and poor responses to systemic therapy.

title: XXXX with nontransitional histology: a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['Upper urinary tract tumors', 'upper urinary tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonurothelial tumors', 'Cancer', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'nonurothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['Upper urinary tract tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To conduct a prospective study to determine the causes of @entity2183 in @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 41 male @entity1 (mean age 72.5 years) bothered by @entity2183 (two or more micturitions per night). Eleven asymptomatic young @entity1 (mean age 28.4 years) were enrolled as a control group. All completed a 3-day voiding diary. Daytime and nighttime urine samples were collected to determine osmolality and @entity1372 and @entity972 levels. Urodynamic studies were performed for all @entity1 with @entity2183 to evaluate for @entity1876 using the International Continence Society definition. Polysomnography was performed on selected @entity1 to detect sleep @entity386 . RESULTS: The average nighttime voiding frequency was 3.9 in the @entity1 with @entity2183 . Nocturnal @entity2011 (NP) was found in 34 (82.9%) of 41 @entity1 . In these @entity1 , the nighttime urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly greater than the daytime excretion, with lower nighttime urine osmolality. In contrast, nighttime and daytime @entity1372 excretion was not significantly different in @entity1 without NP, and greater nighttime urine osmolality was noted in the @entity1 without NP and the control group. Of the 41 @entity1 , 24 (58.5%) had a small nocturnal bladder capacity, with detrusor overactivity in 14 of 24 @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 (43.9%) had both NP and a small nocturnal bladder capacity. Another 18 @entity1 had @entity1876 and NP. Two @entity1 had sleep @entity386 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations have shown that a significant contributor to male @entity2183 is NP, which results from a disordered diurnal rhythm of @entity1372 excretion and other unknown factors causing nocturnal urinary dilution. However, male @entity2183 can also be secondary to a combination of factors. Detailed workup is necessary to elucidate all causes.

title: Multifactorial nature of male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity2183 :: (MESH:D053158,Disease) :: ['nocturia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the degree of skeletal asymmetry between subjects with Class II subdivision @entity3232 and apparent @entity7439 and subjects with normal occlusion. METHODS: The sample consisted of 23 subjects with Angle Class II subdivision @entity3232 and apparent @entity7439 (mean age, 15.78 years) and 30 subjects with normal occlusions (mean age, 22.42 years). Each had all permanent teeth, including first molars. Radiographic asymmetry was assessed by measuring the relative difference in spatial position of dental and skeletal landmarks between right and left sides in both anteroposterior and transverse dimensions in the submentovertex and in the transverse and vertical dimensions in the posteroanterior radiographs. Independent t tests were used to compare radiographic asymmetries between groups. RESULTS: Despite the predominantly dentoalveolar nature of the asymmetries found in Class II subdivision @entity3232 with apparent @entity7439 , the radiographic mandibular asymmetry was small in relation to Class II subdivision @entity3232 in general. The components that contributed to the asymmetric anteroposterior relationship in the Class II subdivision @entity3232 with apparent @entity7439 were mainly dentoalveolar. The primary contributor to the differences between the 2 groups was the distal positioning of the mandibular first molars on the Class II side. A secondary contributor was the mesial positioning of the maxillary first molars on the Class II side. As a consequence of the more frequent asymmetry in the lower third of face, the mandibular dental midline and the antegonial angle were deviated on the Class II side, as evaluated on the posteroanterior radiograph. CONCLUSIONS: The main component of Class II subdivision is dentoalveolar, primarily distal positioning of the first mandibular molar on the Class II side and secondarily mesial positioning of the first maxillary molar on the same side.

title: Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with Class II subdivision and apparent XXXX and those with normal occlusion.

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion', 'malocclusions']

answer: @entity7439 :: (MESH:D005146,Disease) :: ['facial asymmetry']


abstract: Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum @entity1674 in @entity1 . The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated in four to six response-driven trials held at least a week apart. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, a catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and a blood sample was obtained. @entity1 then ingested 50 g of safflower oil in capsules with 500 ml of water within 15 min to mimic a high fat meal but without oral fat exposure. Blood was collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min after capsule ingestion with different forms (full fat, nonfat, none) and durations of oral fat exposures (10 s, 5 min, 20 min, and/or 2 h). A @entity412 response (increase of @entity412 >10 mg/dl within 30 min) was observed in 88.2%, 70.5%, and 50% of @entity1 with full-fat, nonfat, and no oral exposure, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 75% with full-fat exposure but only 45.4% with nonfat exposure. Full-fat and nonfat exposures led to comparable significant elevations of @entity412 over no oral stimulation with 10-s exposures, but full fat led to a greater rise than nonfat with 20 min of exposure. These data indicate that nutritionally relevant oral fat exposures reliably elevate serum @entity412 concentrations in most @entity1 .

title: Brief oral stimulation, but especially oral fat exposure, elevates serum XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: Oral exposure to dietary fat results in an early initial spike, followed by a prolonged elevation, of serum @entity1674 in @entity1 . The physiological and pathophysiological implications remain unknown. This study sought to determine the incidence of the effect, the required fat exposure duration, and its reliability. Thirty-four healthy adults participated in four to six response-driven trials held at least a week apart. They reported to the laboratory after an overnight fast, a catheter was placed in an antecubital vein, and a blood sample was obtained. @entity1 then ingested 50 g of safflower oil in capsules with 500 ml of water within 15 min to mimic a high fat meal but without oral fat exposure. Blood was collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min after capsule ingestion with different forms (full fat, nonfat, none) and durations of oral fat exposures (10 s, 5 min, 20 min, and/or 2 h). A @entity412 response (increase of @entity412 >10 mg/dl within 30 min) was observed in 88.2%, 70.5%, and 50% of @entity1 with full-fat, nonfat, and no oral exposure, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 75% with full-fat exposure but only 45.4% with nonfat exposure. Full-fat and nonfat exposures led to comparable significant elevations of @entity412 over no oral stimulation with 10-s exposures, but full fat led to a greater rise than nonfat with 20 min of exposure. These data indicate that nutritionally relevant oral fat exposures reliably elevate serum @entity412 concentrations in most @entity1 .

title: Brief oral stimulation, but especially oral fat exposure, elevates serum @entity1674 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: . Rehabilitation of the severely affected paretic arm after @entity64 represents a major challenge, especially in the presence of @entity1109 . OBJECTIVE: . To evaluate the effect of a therapy that includes use of a mirror to simulate the affected upper extremity with the unaffected upper extremity early after @entity64 . METHODS: . Thirty-six @entity1 with severe @entity1269 because of a first-ever @entity385 in the territory of the middle cerebral artery were enrolled, no more than 8 weeks after the @entity64 . They completed a protocol of 6 weeks of additional therapy (30 minutes a day, 5 days a week), with random assignment to either mirror therapy (MT) or an equivalent control therapy (CT). The MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: were the Fugl-Meyer subscores for the upper extremity, evaluated by independent raters through videotape. @entity1 also underwent functional and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: . In the subgroup of 25 @entity1 with distal plegia at the beginning of the therapy, MT @entity1 regained more distal function than CT @entity1 . Furthermore, across all @entity1 , MT improved recovery of surface sensibility. Neither of these effects depended on the side of the lesioned hemisphere. MT stimulated recovery from hemineglect. CONCLUSIONS: . MT early after @entity64 is a promising method to improve @entity71 and to support motor recovery in a distal plegic limb.

title: Mirror therapy promotes recovery from severe XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and attentional deficits']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: Objective: To retrospectively study the clinical effects of eardrum flap area on the healing outcome following traumatic perforation. Methods: Totally 291 traumatic eardrum perforations with in-/everted edges were included in this study. They were randomly divided into three groups and received conservative treatment, @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) via Gelfoam patching, or edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching respectively. @entity1 in each group were further divided into two subgroups according to the eardrum flap area less than or equal to 1/2 or >1/2 of the perforation size. The healing rate and mean closure time after tympanic membrane perforation were evaluated at three months. Results: Of the total 291 @entity1 , 281 were included in the final statistical analysis. The area of curled edge did not affect the healing outcome significantly in any groups (P>0.05). The healing rate varied slightly: 90.7% vs 92.3% in spontaneous healing group, 98.2% vs 97.4% in @entity4179 via Gelfoam patching group, and 96.5% vs 100% in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group. In addition, in all groups the area of curled edge did not affect the mean closure time significantly (P>0.05). The closure time was (32.3+/-2.4) d vs (30.6+/-3.1) d in sponaneous healing group, (13.4+/-2.5) d vs (13.1+/-1.9) d in @entity4179 via Gelfoam patching group, and (11.9+/-3.1) d vs (12.2+/-2.1) d in edge-approximation plus Gelfoam patching group. Conclusion: The eardrum flap area of @entity11818 does not significantly affect the clinical outcomes.

title: Relation between eardrum flap area and healing outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity11818 :: ('MESH:D018058', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic eardrum perforation']

answer: @entity11818 :: (MESH:D018058,Disease) :: ['traumatic eardrum perforation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of @entity1 native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks, i.e. de novo DNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 @entity376 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in @entity1357 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in @entity1 @entity1357 macrophages. RESULTS: Native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, as de novo DNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase @entity16610 , and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of @entity16610 acting as a de novo DNA methyltransferase independently of canonical de novo enzymes, and show proof of principle that de novo DNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.

title: @entity1 native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in XXXX macrophages.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that a VLDL- and LDL-rich mix of @entity1 native lipoproteins induces a set of repressive epigenetic marks, i.e. de novo DNA methylation, histone 4 hypoacetylation and histone 4 @entity376 20 (H4K20) hypermethylation in @entity1357 macrophages. Here, we: 1) ask what gene expression changes accompany these epigenetic responses; 2) test the involvement of candidate factors mediating the latter. We exploited genome expression arrays to identify target genes for lipoprotein-induced silencing, in addition to RNAi and expression studies to test the involvement of candidate mediating factors. The study was conducted in @entity1 @entity1357 macrophages. RESULTS: Native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation was associated with a general repression of various critical genes for macrophage function, including pro-inflammatory genes. Lipoproteins showed differential effects on epigenetic marks, as de novo DNA methylation was induced by VLDL and to a lesser extent by LDL, but not by HDL, and VLDL induced H4K20 hypermethylation, while HDL caused H4 deacetylation. The analysis of candidate factors mediating VLDL-induced DNA hypermethylation revealed that this response was: 1) surprisingly, mediated exclusively by the canonical maintenance DNA methyltransferase @entity16610 , and 2) independent of the Dicer/micro-RNA pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides novel insights into epigenetic gene regulation by native lipoproteins. Furthermore, we provide an example of @entity16610 acting as a de novo DNA methyltransferase independently of canonical de novo enzymes, and show proof of principle that de novo DNA methylation can occur independently of a functional Dicer/micro-RNA pathway in mammals.

title: XXXX native lipoprotein-induced de novo DNA methylation is associated with repression of inflammatory genes in @entity1357 macrophages.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in social functioning of @entity1 suffering from @entity1032 has been increasing over the last few years. Only few studies have investigated differences in social functioning in affective, schizoaffective and @entity161 @entity1 in the long-term and in a comparative approach. METHOD: The present study is part of a 15 year follow-up study on @entity1 suffering from severe @entity1032 . The here reported findings refer to the data of a sample of 177 @entity1 with life-time diagnoses belonging to the @entity161 , schizoaffective or affective spectrum according to the ICD-10 criteria. Psychopathological, socio-demographic and other illness-related variables were assessed at the index hospitalisation and at the 15 year follow-up evaluation by using the assessment system published by the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP-system). Information about @entity1 ' @entity717 was assessed by using a modified and further developed version of the WHO disability assessment scale, the (Mannheim) Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-M scale). Prevalence rates of @entity717 and differences in the severity of @entity717 between different groups of @entity1032 were evaluated. And the association between @entity717 , diagnoses and psychopathology was analysed. RESULTS: Compared to affective and schizoaffective @entity1 , @entity161 @entity1 showed significantly higher levels of @entity717 in almost all domains. Severe to very severe levels of disability were found in 64% of @entity161 @entity1 and only in 19% of schizoaffective @entity1 and 5% of affective @entity1 . However, on a descriptive level all three diagnostic groups presented with similar maxima and minima in their profiles of @entity717 . Multiple regression analyses revealed that the @entity751 had the highest impact on the presence of severe @entity717 with all other @entity751 , gender, age and diagnosis having no statistically significant influence. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that @entity1 ' disabilities in different diagnostic groups seem to be of a similar quality and nature despite differences in their severity. The impact of psychopathology on disability seems to be more important than the one of diagnosis per se.

title: @entity717 in XXXX , schizoaffective and affective disorders 15 years after first admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness', 'mental illnesses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['apathy syndrome', 'psychopathological syndromes']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['social disability']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interest in social functioning of @entity1 suffering from @entity1032 has been increasing over the last few years. Only few studies have investigated differences in social functioning in affective, schizoaffective and @entity161 @entity1 in the long-term and in a comparative approach. METHOD: The present study is part of a 15 year follow-up study on @entity1 suffering from severe @entity1032 . The here reported findings refer to the data of a sample of 177 @entity1 with life-time diagnoses belonging to the @entity161 , schizoaffective or affective spectrum according to the ICD-10 criteria. Psychopathological, socio-demographic and other illness-related variables were assessed at the index hospitalisation and at the 15 year follow-up evaluation by using the assessment system published by the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP-system). Information about @entity1 ' @entity717 was assessed by using a modified and further developed version of the WHO disability assessment scale, the (Mannheim) Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS-M scale). Prevalence rates of @entity717 and differences in the severity of @entity717 between different groups of @entity1032 were evaluated. And the association between @entity717 , diagnoses and psychopathology was analysed. RESULTS: Compared to affective and schizoaffective @entity1 , @entity161 @entity1 showed significantly higher levels of @entity717 in almost all domains. Severe to very severe levels of disability were found in 64% of @entity161 @entity1 and only in 19% of schizoaffective @entity1 and 5% of affective @entity1 . However, on a descriptive level all three diagnostic groups presented with similar maxima and minima in their profiles of @entity717 . Multiple regression analyses revealed that the @entity751 had the highest impact on the presence of severe @entity717 with all other @entity751 , gender, age and diagnosis having no statistically significant influence. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that @entity1 ' disabilities in different diagnostic groups seem to be of a similar quality and nature despite differences in their severity. The impact of psychopathology on disability seems to be more important than the one of diagnosis per se.

title: XXXX in @entity161 , schizoaffective and affective disorders 15 years after first admission.

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Social disability']


abstract: AIMS: The treatment of locally advanced @entity788 varies enormously both within the UK and internationally. Although chemoradiation is the treatment of choice in the USA, in the UK this modality is used infrequently because of concerns regarding both its efficacy and its @entity137 . We reviewed our experience with induction chemotherapy and selective chemoradiation in an attempt to show that it is a well-tolerated treatment that may be superior to chemotherapy alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case notes of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity788 referred to the @entity5 Centre between 1 March 2005 and 31 October 2007 were reviewed. Data on @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, treatment and overall survival were collected retrospectively. @entity137 data during chemoradiation were collected prospectively. @entity1 who had non-progressive disease after 3 months of chemotherapy were planned for chemoradiation using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to a total dose of 4500-5040cGy in 25-28 daily fractions with @entity136 as a radiosensitiser. RESULTS: Of the 91 referrals, 69 (76%) were fit for active oncological treatment; 43/69 (62%) @entity1 were considered for induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and 16/43 (37%) @entity1 received chemoradiation. The median overall survival for @entity1 receiving primary chemotherapy (n=26) was 9.2 (6.8-11.9) months and was 15.3 (11.6-upper limit not reached) months for @entity1 who received chemoradiation (n=16). During the induction chemotherapy 8/16 (50%) @entity1 experienced grade 3/4 @entity137 and there were five hospital admissions. During chemoradiation there were 6/16 (37.5%) cases of grade 3/4 @entity137 and two hospital admissions. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . Overall, 94.5% of the intended radiotherapy dose and 84% of the concurrent chemotherapy dose was delivered. CONCLUSIONS: In this UK network, about half of @entity1 were considered for chemoradiation, but only 18% received it. Survival and treatment-related @entity137 are consistent with data from other chemoradiation trials and in our series chemoradiation was tolerated better than chemotherapy alone. This supports the view that 'consolidation' chemoradiation is a viable treatment option that should be considered in selected @entity1 with locally advanced non-metastatic @entity788 .

title: Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation in locally advanced XXXX : an effective and well-tolerated treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Velindre Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing epidemiological evidence that short-term and long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution may increase @entity65 and mortality. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown an association between air pollution exposure and respiratory health. To what extent the association between @entity65 and air pollution is driven by the impact of air pollution on respiratory health is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory health at baseline contributes to the effects of long-term exposure to high levels of air pollution on @entity65 in a cohort of elderly @entity1 . METHOD: We analyzed data from 4750 @entity1 , aged 55 at the baseline investigation in the years 1985-1994. 2593 of these @entity1 had their lung function tested by spirometry. @entity1576 and symptoms were asked by questionnaire. Ambient air pollution exposure was assessed by the concentrations of @entity6836 and total suspended particles at fixed monitoring sites and by the distance of residency to a major road. A mortality follow-up of these @entity1 was conducted between 2001 and 2003. For the statistical analysis, Cox' regression was used. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity73 or pre-existing @entity1576 had a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular causes. The impact of @entity73 declined over time. The risk ratio (RR) of @entity1 with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 80% predicted to die from cardiovascular causes was RR = 3.79 (95%CI: 1.64-8.74) at 5 years survival time and RR = 1.35 (95%CI: 0.66-2.77) at 12 years. The association between air pollution levels and @entity65 rate was strong and statistically significant. However, this association did only change marginally when including indicators of respiratory health into the regression analysis. Furthermore, no interaction between air pollution and respiratory health on @entity65 indicating a higher risk of those with impaired respiratory health could be detected. CONCLUSION: Respiratory health is a predictor for @entity65 . In @entity1 followed about 15 years after the baseline investigation at age 55 years long-term air pollution exposure and impaired respiratory health were independently associated with increased @entity65 .

title: Does respiratory health contribute to the effects of long-term air pollution exposure on XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired lung function']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory diseases', 'respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular mortality']


abstract: At this point three brain centres are thought to be involved in the regulation of the melanotrope cells of the pituitary pars intermedia of @entity1238 : the magnocellular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the locus coeruleus. This study aims to investigate the existence of a fourth, serotonergic, centre controlling the melanotrope cells. In-vitro superfusion studies show that @entity750 has a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on peptide release (1.6 x basal level at 10(-6) M @entity750 ) from single melanotrope cells. Retrograde neuronal tract tracing experiments, with the membrane probe FAST Dil applied to the pars intermedia, reveals retrogradely labelled neurones in the magnocellular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the locus coeruleus and the raphe nucleus. Of these brain centres, after immunocytochemistry only the raphe nucleus revealed @entity750 -immunoreactive cell bodies. In addition, @entity750 -immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the nucleus of the paraventricular organ, the posteroventral tegmental nucleus and the reticular istmic nucleus. In the pituitary, the pars nervosa, pars intermedia and pars distalis all reveal @entity750 -immunoreactive nerve fibres. With immunocytochemical double-labelling for @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity750 no colocalization of @entity750 and @entity669 hydroxylase was observed in cell bodies in the brain, and in the pituitary hardly any colocalization was found in the nerve fibres. However, after in-vitro loading of neurointermediate lobes with @entity750 , @entity669 hydroxylase and @entity750 appear to coexist in a fibre network in the pars intermedia. On the basis of these data we propose that the melanotrope cells in the @entity1238 pars intermedia are innervated by a 5-HT network originating in the raphe nucleus; this network represents the first identified stimulatory input to the pars intermedia of this species.

title: Serotonergic innervation of the pituitary pars intermedia of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['xenopus laevis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long @entity764 leading to scapular winging is common, often caused by closed @entity130 through compression, stretching, traction, direct extrinsic force, @entity2982 , or neuritides such as @entity11438 . We undertook the largest series of long thoracic nerve decompression and neurolysis yet reported to demonstrate the @entity1514 . METHODS: Winging was bilateral in 3 of the 47 @entity1 (26 male, 21 female), yielding a total of 50 procedures. The mean age of the @entity1 was 33.4 years, ranging from 24-57. Causation included heavy weight-lifting (31 @entity1 ), repetitive throwing (5 @entity1 ), deep massage (2 @entity1 ), repetitive @entity717 (1 @entity1 ), direct @entity130 (1 @entity1 ), @entity64 (1 @entity1 ), and idiopathic causes (9 @entity1 ). Decompression and microneurolysis of the long thoracic nerve were performed in the supraclavicular space. Follow-up (average of 25.7 months) consisted of physical examination and phone conversations. The degree of winging was measured by the operating surgeon (RKN). @entity1 also answered questions covering 11 quality-of-life facets spanning four domains of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1514 and neurolysis improved scapular winging in 49 (98%) of the 50 cases, producing "good" or "excellent" results in 46 cases (92%). At least some improvement occurred in 98% of cases that were less than 10 years old. @entity158 reduction through surgery was good or excellent in 43 (86%) cases. Shoulder instability affected 21 @entity1 preoperatively and persisted in 5 of these @entity1 after surgery, even in the 5 @entity1 with persistent instability who experienced some relief from the winging itself. CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression and neurolysis of the long thoracic nerve significantly improve scapular winging in appropriate @entity1 , for whom these techniques should be considered a primary modality of functional restoration.

title: Microneurolysis and decompression of long XXXX are effective in reversing scapular winging: long-term results in 50 cases.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor bike accident']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['Parsonage-Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic nerve decompression', 'usefulness of long thoracic nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['overhead movement']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic nerve injury']


abstract: @entity705 is the most common @entity5 of the axial skeleton, though it is rarely found in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Reported is a case of @entity705 affecting the mandibular condyle of a 22-year-old Japanese @entity1 . The @entity1 visited the hospital with the chief complaint of @entity7439 . She had @entity158 with clicking on her right @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), resulting in trismus and @entity7439 with a chin deviation to the left side. Her maximum jaw opening was 34 mm, with moderate left @entity1348 tenderness. There was Class I occlusion without open bite. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged right mandibular condylar head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed an enlarged condyle with hyperintense bone marrow on a T2-weighted image. Condylectomy and condyloplasty were performed. Surgical specimen of the lesion revealed @entity705 of the mandibular condyle head. Two months after the initial surgery, @entity7439 was surgically corrected by Le @entity196 and chin reduction. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital with no subjective complaints. At the time of this report, the @entity1 had been followed up for seven months, and there had been no evidence of recurrence.

title: @entity705 in the mandibular condyle that caused XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondroma', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Fort I osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity7439 :: (MESH:D005146,Disease) :: ['facial asymmetry']


abstract: @entity705 is the most common @entity5 of the axial skeleton, though it is rarely found in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Reported is a case of @entity705 affecting the mandibular condyle of a 22-year-old Japanese @entity1 . The @entity1 visited the hospital with the chief complaint of @entity7439 . She had @entity158 with clicking on her right @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), resulting in trismus and @entity7439 with a chin deviation to the left side. Her maximum jaw opening was 34 mm, with moderate left @entity1348 tenderness. There was Class I occlusion without open bite. Panoramic radiography and computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged right mandibular condylar head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) also showed an enlarged condyle with hyperintense bone marrow on a T2-weighted image. Condylectomy and condyloplasty were performed. Surgical specimen of the lesion revealed @entity705 of the mandibular condyle head. Two months after the initial surgery, @entity7439 was surgically corrected by Le @entity196 and chin reduction. The @entity1 was discharged from the hospital with no subjective complaints. At the time of this report, the @entity1 had been followed up for seven months, and there had been no evidence of recurrence.

title: XXXX in the mandibular condyle that caused @entity7439 : a case report.

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['Osteochondroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal storage and/or access are among the hypothesized causes of semantic @entity2414 in @entity161 . Neuropsychological and connectionist models have emphasized functional systems that serve the processing of word meaning and frequency: semantic storage disturbance is presumed to result from weak representations of word meaning; defective access is assumed to result from compromises to pathways that activate word frequency knowledge. Candidate biological systems include neuromodulatory pathways that normally function to enhance neural signals (e.g., cholinergic system). Electrophysiological responding may be informative regarding the storage-access distinction for @entity161 . METHODS: Visual event-related potentials were recorded for 14 @entity161 outpatients receiving atypical antipsychotics, and 14 healthy controls group-matched to @entity1 on age, gender, and demographics. N400 was elicited using an incidental semantic priming paradigm, in which semantic relatedness and word frequency were varied, and a letter probe task. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 showed reduced N400 (microV) discrimination of semantic relatedness. Groups also showed different patterns of N400 to word frequency. Controls' N400 increased in negativity as words decreased in frequency of occurrence, while @entity1 did not show a linear relationship between N400 and word frequency. Groups also differed for N400 to frequently occurring words. @entity1 exhibited increased negativity to high and very high frequency words, compared to controls. A subgroup of patients receiving antipsychotics with known affinity binding for muscarinic receptors ( @entity1088 and @entity1037 ) showed significant albeit limited N400 priming, but their N400 to word frequency remained nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest a @entity51 for @entity161 , as well as an influence of neuromodulators on the activation of connections among semantic representations. Cumulative findings indicating only limited N400 priming for @entity1 receiving either typical or atypical antipsychotics support the hypothesis that semantic @entity2414 represents a trait marker for @entity161 .

title: Effects of word frequency on semantic memory in XXXX : electrophysiological evidence for a deficit in linguistic access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in semantic access']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether aerobic exercise improves aerobic capacity in individuals with @entity64 . DESIGN: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. DATABASES SEARCHED: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Design: randomized controlled trials (RCTs). @entity1 : individuals with @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: aerobic exercise training aimed at improving aerobic capacity. OUTCOMES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOMES" NlmCategory="METHODS">aerobic capacity (peak @entity26 consumption (VO2), peak workload). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: walking velocity, walking endurance. DATA ANALYSIS: The methodological quality was assessed by the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed for all primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Nine articles (seven RCTs) were identified. The exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 80% heart rate reserve. Exercise duration was 20-40 min for 3-5 days a week. The total number of subjects included in the studies was 480. All studies reported positive effects on aerobic capacity, regardless of the stage of @entity64 recovery. Meta-analysis revealed a significant homogeneous @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) in favour of aerobic exercise to improve peak VO2 ( @entity5562 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.69; P=0.001) and peak workload ( @entity5562 0.50; 95% CI 0.26-0.73; P<0.001). There was also a significant homogeneous @entity5562 in favour of aerobic training to improve walking velocity ( @entity5562 0.26; 95% CI 0.05-0.48; P= 0.008) and walking endurance ( @entity5562 0.30; 95% CI 0.06-0.55; P= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: There is good evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving aerobic capacity in @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity64 . Aerobic exercise should be an important component of @entity64 rehabilitation.

title: The use of aerobic exercise training in improving aerobic capacity in individuals with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['standardized effect size', 'SES']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the use of a lacrimal bypass tube in the management of @entity9467 in @entity1 with @entity9467 attributable to lacrimal pump failure in @entity3541 . DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective interventional study. METHODS: Information regarding @entity1 demographics, diagnoses, symptoms, oculoplastic interventions, dacryocystorhinostomy, and Jones tube insertion were collected from @entity1 charts. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were identified, in all of whom @entity9467 was clinically and/or radiologically assessed as being attributable to pump failure, lid laxity having been corrected. All had @entity9467 prior to Jones tube insertion. Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in all; insertion of a Jones tube was performed simultaneously in 12, with delayed insertion in 6. @entity1 ' subjective @entity9467 improved postoperatively in 15 of 18 (83.3%) and at final median follow-up of 27.5 months (range, 6 months to 31 years); symptoms were improved in 13 of 18 (72.2%). Complications occurred in 13 of 18 (72.2%), including tube extrusion and the need for repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: In this highly selected group of @entity1 , Jones tube insertion led to symptom improvement in 83.3% postoperatively and in 72.2% at median follow-up of 27.5 months. Tube extrusion and migration were common, although such complications were not unexpected and were treatable.

title: The lacrimal bypass tube for lacrimal pump failure attributable to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['epiphora', 'constant epiphora']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Baseline renal function and @entity177 ( @entity177 ) during hospitalization for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have a major prognostic impact in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS: We sought to prospectively investigate the impact of reduced baseline renal function and @entity177 during hospitalization on the 7-year outcome in 358 @entity1 surviving a first admission to hospital for @entity712 with preserved (>=  50%) ejection fraction (HFPEF). RESULTS: Mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 59.4    23.6 ml/min/1.73 m  . Low admission eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m  ) was frequently observed (190 @entity1 --53% of the study population). Low baseline eGFR was associated with an increased risk of 7-year overall mortality (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.43[1.10-1.86]; p = 0.007) and @entity65 (unadjusted HR 1.57[1.13-2.19]; p = 0.007). After adjustment for covariates, the relationships remained significant. During hospitalization, @entity177 occurred in 43 @entity1 (12%). History of @entity177 , baseline systolic blood pressure >160 mm Hg, and baseline @entity955 were independent predictors of the development of @entity177 during hospitalization. @entity177 was independently predictive of 7-year overall mortality (adjusted HR 2.10[1.24-3.58]; p = 0.006) and @entity65 (adjusted HR 2.54[1.35-4.78]; p = 0.004) in @entity1 with low baseline eGFR but not in those with baseline eGFR >=  60 ml/min/1.73 m  . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 admitted for the first time for HFPEF, low baseline eGFR is a potent predictor of long-term mortality. @entity1 with @entity8 at baseline who develop @entity177 during hospitalization have particularly poor prognosis.

title: Renal function and long-term survival after hospital discharge in XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of renal function', 'renal failure', 'WRF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines might induce both anti- @entity5 immunity and @entity792 . In this report, we demonstrate elevated levels of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in the sera of @entity1 with @entity5 who had received immunotherapy with a @entity5 -fusion vaccine. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated with DC vaccine of fusion cells composed of autologous DCs and @entity5 cells (DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine), which was generated by treating each cell type with @entity968 . Nine of the 22 @entity1 were treated with both the DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine and systemic administration of recombinant @entity1 interleukin (rhIL)-12. Serum levels of ANA were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. One @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity1 1, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine alone), one @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity1 2, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine alone) and one @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity1 3, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine + rhIL-12) showed significant elevations of serum ANA levels during treatment. In @entity1 1 @entity5 resolved and serum levels of @entity5 markers decreased. @entity1 2 and 3 remained in good physical condition during treatment for 24 and 9 months, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated antibody responses to autologous @entity5 cells after vaccination in @entity1 2. None of the treated @entity1 showed clinical symptoms suggesting @entity792 . @entity1 with elevated serum levels of ANA had significantly longer treatment periods than those without it. Elevated serum levels of ANA after DC/ @entity5 -fusion cell vaccine might be associated with anti- @entity5 immune response induced by the vaccination.

title: XXXX immunotherapy using @entity5 -fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti-nuclear antibody with better clinical responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic/tumour', 'cancer', 'malignant ascitic effusion', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines might induce both anti- @entity5 immunity and @entity792 . In this report, we demonstrate elevated levels of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in the sera of @entity1 with @entity5 who had received immunotherapy with a @entity5 -fusion vaccine. Twenty-two @entity1 were treated with DC vaccine of fusion cells composed of autologous DCs and @entity5 cells (DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine), which was generated by treating each cell type with @entity968 . Nine of the 22 @entity1 were treated with both the DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine and systemic administration of recombinant @entity1 interleukin (rhIL)-12. Serum levels of ANA were examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. One @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity1 1, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine alone), one @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity1 2, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine alone) and one @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity1 3, DC/ @entity5 -fusion vaccine + rhIL-12) showed significant elevations of serum ANA levels during treatment. In @entity1 1 @entity5 resolved and serum levels of @entity5 markers decreased. @entity1 2 and 3 remained in good physical condition during treatment for 24 and 9 months, respectively. Immunoblot analysis indicated antibody responses to autologous @entity5 cells after vaccination in @entity1 2. None of the treated @entity1 showed clinical symptoms suggesting @entity792 . @entity1 with elevated serum levels of ANA had significantly longer treatment periods than those without it. Elevated serum levels of ANA after DC/ @entity5 -fusion cell vaccine might be associated with anti- @entity5 immune response induced by the vaccination.

title: @entity5 immunotherapy using XXXX -fusion vaccine induces elevation of serum anti-nuclear antibody with better clinical responses.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['dendritic/tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator ( @entity2435 ) and gas on submacular @entity548 in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 (11 eyes) with @entity548 due to @entity1020 involving the fovea with elevation of the neurosensory retina were included in this study. @entity548 occured 12 h to 14 days before onset of therapy. Injection of @entity2435 through the pars plana in a dose of 50 or 100 microg was performed. Gas instillation (0.2-0.4 ml) followed @entity2435 injection, either immediately after injection (7 @entity1 ) or during the following day (4 @entity1 ). RESULTS: After intravitreal injection of @entity2435 , subretinal clots were totally or partially liquefied when treatment started up to 3 days after onset of @entity548 . In all @entity1 treated with 100 microg @entity2435 a large exudative @entity1713 resulted, which reabsorbed spontaneously within 2 weeks. After reattachment of the exudative retinal @entity1713 of the retinal pigment epithelium was noted. Temporary opacification of the vitreous was observed between the 2nd and 7th postoperative day in 5 eyes (45.5%). Postoperative visual acuity increased in 5 @entity1 (45.5%). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal application of @entity2435 followed by gas injection is a sufficient and convenient technique for effective removal of freshly formed submacular @entity548 . Removal is mediated through combined enzymatic ( @entity2435 ) and mechanical (gas) effects. This technique offers a quick recovery of vision in eyes with less severe @entity1020 .

title: Management of acute submacular XXXX using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and gas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Subretinal hemorrhage', 'subretinal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment of the inferior retina', 'detachment hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['ARMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']