abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systemic markers of collagen metabolism and @entity620 in female smokers with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Secondary aims were to compare these levels in @entity1 based on prolapse or smoking history alone. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study with four groups: smokers with POP, non-smokers with POP, smokers without POP and non-smokers without POP. Subjects were age-matched based on smoking history and presence of POP. All underwent a fasting blood panel, including plasma procollagen 1-N propeptide (P1NP), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), and @entity620 . RESULTS: Ninety-six subjects were enrolled. There were no differences for any demographics other than stage of prolapse, which was highest in non-smokers with POP. Significant variations in the levels of @entity620 and @entity1495 were noted among the four groups. Smokers with POP had lower levels of @entity620 and higher levels of @entity1495 , compared to non-smokers with POP, but this relationship was not statistically significant. However, when contrasting smokers without POP to non-smokers without POP, significant differences in both @entity620 and @entity1495 were documented, confirming an impact of smoking on these markers. Notwithstanding, when evaluated independent of smoking status, @entity620 and @entity1495 levels in @entity1 with POP were similar to those of @entity1 without POP. CONCLUSION: Lower @entity620 and higher @entity1495 among smokers confirms the usefulness of such markers in documenting the smoking's impact on collagen. However, the lack of a difference based on POP suggests these are poor measures for understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder.

title: Systemic markers of collagen metabolism and XXXX in smokers and non-smokers with pelvic organ prolapse.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9', 'MMP-9']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1161 is an insidious disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It may develop following the treatment of several @entity5 by radiotherapy when normal colorectal tissues are present in the irradiation field. There is no unified approach for the assessment and treatment of this disease, partly due to insufficient knowledge about the mechanism involved in the development of @entity1161 . However, unresolved @entity32 is hypothesized to have an important role in late side effects. This study aimed to analyse the involvement of specific immunity in @entity14 developing after localized irradiation, and evaluate the benefit of immunomodulatory mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue (Ad-MSC) for reduction of late side effects. Our experimental model of colorectal irradiation induced severe @entity1049 and @entity82 that was associated with T cell infiltration. Immune cell activation was investigated; adoptive transfer of T cells in nude @entity35 showed stronger colonization by T cells isolated from irradiated @entity35 . The predominant role of T cells in late radiation-induced damage and regeneration processes was highlighted by in vivo depletion experiments. Treatments using Ad-MSC reduced T cell infiltration in the colon and reduced established @entity1049 as measured by histological score, functional circular muscle contractibility and collagen deposition. Here, we have demonstrated for the first time the predominance of the TH17 population compared to TH1 and TH2 in radiation-induced @entity29 , and that this is reduced after Ad-MSC treatment. Additionally, we demonstrated in vitro that @entity7940 acts directly on colonic smooth muscle cells to induce expression of pro-inflammatory genes that could participate in the development of radiation-induced injury. Our data demonstrate that the TH17 population is specifically-induced during development of radiation-induced side effects in the colon. Moreover, Ad-MSC treatment modulates the TH17 population and reduces the extracellular matrix remodelling process induced following irradiation.

title: TH17 predominant T cell responses in radiation-induced XXXX are modulated by treatment with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis', 'Radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal damage']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal damage', 'colonic damage']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The window for safe reoperation in early postoperative (<6  weeks) @entity1744 (ESBO) is short and intimately dependent on elapsed time from the initial operation. Laparoscopic procedures create fewer inflammatory changes than open laparotomies. We hypothesize that it is safer to reoperate for ESBO after laparoscopic procedures than open. METHODS: Review of @entity1 who underwent re-exploration for ESBO from 2003 to 2009 was performed. Based on the initial operation, @entity1 were classified as "open" or "laparoscopic." The Revised Accordion Severity Grading System was used to define complications as minor (1 to 2) or severe (3 to 6). RESULTS: There were 189 @entity1 identified (age 55  years, 48% male): 130 open and 59 laparoscopic. @entity66 was more common (65% vs 42%, P < .01), while strictures were less frequent (5% vs 14% P = .03), in the open group. The open group had a greater rate of @entity5 , days to re-exploration, and severity of complications. There was no difference in the rates of minor complications, enterotomy, and mortality. ESBO after laparoscopic surgery was more commonly caused by a focal source (85% vs 63%). Eighty-three @entity1 (64 open, 19 laparoscopic) underwent re-exploration at or beyond 14  days. Within this subgroup, there were more severe complications (25% vs 5%) after open procedures with equivalent mortality (4% vs 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approaches confer a lower rate of adhesive disease and severity of complications in early SBO as compared with open surgery even if performed after 2  weeks of index procedure.

title: Early postoperative XXXX : open vs laparoscopic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Adhesive disease']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: The incidence of @entity174 of the humerus has increased exponentially in recent years. The most used classifications for humerus @entity174 are morphological (Neer), biological (AO/ASIF) and descriptive (Hertel). The types of surgical treatment for humerus @entity174 include prosthetic replacement and synthesis using different devices, including the Tension Guide Fixator (TGF), Gex- @entity4682 . External fixation for displaced @entity6342 avoids dissection and soft tissue stripping and has been reported by some authors to be associated with higher union rates, a lower incidence of @entity2530 , less scarring of the scapulohumeral interface, and faster rehabilitation compared with open reduction and internal fixation. Other authors have reported that external fixation does not ensure acceptable reduction and @entity174 stability, particularly in @entity1 with @entity170 . The external fixation technique involves the introduction of Steinmann's pin to keep manual reduction, the introduction of two K-wires in the humeral head, the removal of the Steinmann's pin, and the introduction of two fiches on the humeral shaft. Hub connectors are mounted on the wires and on the chips to connect the outer bar and tensioning system. A total of 84 @entity1 aged 42-84 years with @entity6342 (66% had two-part @entity174 ) were treated with Fixator TGF in this study from December 2007 to June 2012. The postoperative recovery was earlier and the active-assisted motion was less @entity158 than has been reported with other surgical techniques. The TGF was removed without anaesthesia at the outpatient clinic at a mean of 7 weeks (range 5-8 weeks) after surgery, and there was no loss of reduction or secondary displacement after removal. These results, after five years of experience, confirm that the best indication for this fixator is two- or three-part @entity174 because the device enables early active mobilisation. The limitations of this fixator are evident in @entity174 in which closed reduction is not possible and in three-part @entity174 with varus displacement because the TGF has less stability than other systems, such as the plate or cage. The short learning curve, reduced surgical time and risk, and low cost encourage the use of this technique.

title: Indications and limitations of the fixator TGF "Gex- XXXX " in @entity6342 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures', 'proximal end humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4682 :: (2158,Gene) :: ['Fix']


abstract: The incidence of @entity174 of the humerus has increased exponentially in recent years. The most used classifications for humerus @entity174 are morphological (Neer), biological (AO/ASIF) and descriptive (Hertel). The types of surgical treatment for humerus @entity174 include prosthetic replacement and synthesis using different devices, including the Tension Guide Fixator (TGF), Gex- @entity4682 . External fixation for displaced @entity6342 avoids dissection and soft tissue stripping and has been reported by some authors to be associated with higher union rates, a lower incidence of @entity2530 , less scarring of the scapulohumeral interface, and faster rehabilitation compared with open reduction and internal fixation. Other authors have reported that external fixation does not ensure acceptable reduction and @entity174 stability, particularly in @entity1 with @entity170 . The external fixation technique involves the introduction of Steinmann's pin to keep manual reduction, the introduction of two K-wires in the humeral head, the removal of the Steinmann's pin, and the introduction of two fiches on the humeral shaft. Hub connectors are mounted on the wires and on the chips to connect the outer bar and tensioning system. A total of 84 @entity1 aged 42-84 years with @entity6342 (66% had two-part @entity174 ) were treated with Fixator TGF in this study from December 2007 to June 2012. The postoperative recovery was earlier and the active-assisted motion was less @entity158 than has been reported with other surgical techniques. The TGF was removed without anaesthesia at the outpatient clinic at a mean of 7 weeks (range 5-8 weeks) after surgery, and there was no loss of reduction or secondary displacement after removal. These results, after five years of experience, confirm that the best indication for this fixator is two- or three-part @entity174 because the device enables early active mobilisation. The limitations of this fixator are evident in @entity174 in which closed reduction is not possible and in three-part @entity174 with varus displacement because the TGF has less stability than other systems, such as the plate or cage. The short learning curve, reduced surgical time and risk, and low cost encourage the use of this technique.

title: Indications and limitations of the fixator TGF "Gex- @entity4682 " in XXXX .

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal end humeral fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical limb lengthening is undertaken to correct pathological @entity851 . Among the possible complications related to this procedure, @entity158 are a cause for both functional and cosmetic concern. Our team has already shown the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 with varying aetiology, so we decided to apply this technique to @entity2318 related to surgical correction of dwarfism. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 in @entity1 with @entity4218 using durometer measurements and a modified @entity1 and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), to which was added a parameter to evaluate @entity717 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and September 2012, 36 @entity1 (28 female and 8 male) who presented retractile and painful @entity2318 came to our unit and were treated with autologous fat grafting. Preoperative and postoperative mean durometer measurements were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and POSAS parameters were studied using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction in all durometer measurements (p-value <0.05) and in all but one of the POSAS parameters (p-value <0.05) following treatment with autologous fat grafting. DISCUSSION: Surgical procedures to camouflage @entity2318 on lower limbs are not often used as a first approach and non-surgical treatments often lead to unsatisfactory results. In contrast, our autologous fat grafting technique in the treatment of @entity2318 has been shown to be a valuable option in @entity1 with @entity4218 . CONCLUSION: There was a @entity272 and a clinical improvement of all POSAS parameters in all @entity1 treated. Moreover, the newly introduced POSAS parameter appears to be reliable and we recommend that it is included to give a more complete evaluation of @entity1 perception.

title: Autologous fat graft as treatment of post XXXX surgical correction @entity2318 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scars', 'post-surgical scars']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['short-limb dwarfism']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful and retractile scars']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of skin hardness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement impairment']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical limb lengthening is undertaken to correct pathological @entity851 . Among the possible complications related to this procedure, @entity158 are a cause for both functional and cosmetic concern. Our team has already shown the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 with varying aetiology, so we decided to apply this technique to @entity2318 related to surgical correction of dwarfism. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 in @entity1 with @entity4218 using durometer measurements and a modified @entity1 and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), to which was added a parameter to evaluate @entity717 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and September 2012, 36 @entity1 (28 female and 8 male) who presented retractile and painful @entity2318 came to our unit and were treated with autologous fat grafting. Preoperative and postoperative mean durometer measurements were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and POSAS parameters were studied using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction in all durometer measurements (p-value <0.05) and in all but one of the POSAS parameters (p-value <0.05) following treatment with autologous fat grafting. DISCUSSION: Surgical procedures to camouflage @entity2318 on lower limbs are not often used as a first approach and non-surgical treatments often lead to unsatisfactory results. In contrast, our autologous fat grafting technique in the treatment of @entity2318 has been shown to be a valuable option in @entity1 with @entity4218 . CONCLUSION: There was a @entity272 and a clinical improvement of all POSAS parameters in all @entity1 treated. Moreover, the newly introduced POSAS parameter appears to be reliable and we recommend that it is included to give a more complete evaluation of @entity1 perception.

title: Autologous fat graft as treatment of post @entity851 surgical correction XXXX .

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['scars']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The identify the gene defect of an @entity74 @entity1 . METHODS: The promoter, all the exons and exon-intron boundaries and 3' UTR of F7 gene of the proband were analyzed by direct sequencing. The defected mutations were confirmed by sequencing the complementary strand. The mutations would be screened in the related database and 150 healthy donors to identify the SNP. By splice site prediction, we analyzed the pathogenesis of defected mutations. RESULTS: Genetic analysis revealed @entity71734 in the intron 6 of F7 gene ( @entity71735 ) and @entity71736 in the intron 7 of F7 gene ( @entity71737 ). According to the fruitfly, the acceptor site could not be recognized when a G to A substitution took place. The closest candidate splice site was located 132 bp downstream. The distance was probably too far to allow the use of the cryptic splice site and resulted in the skipping of exon6. @entity71736 in the intron 7 of F7 gene could not change the splice site, but modify a different molecular interaction that is important for the splice process. CONCLUSION: The heterozygous mutation of @entity71735 combined with polymorphism of @entity71737 in F7 gene relates to the @entity942 .

title: [Analysis of the gene mutation in an XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity71734 :: ('c|SUB|G|15975|A', 'DNAMutation') :: ['G to A transition at 15975']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited FVII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity71736 :: ('c|SUB|A|16813|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A to G transition at 16813']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['FVII deficiency']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited FVII deficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The identify the gene defect of an @entity74 @entity1 . METHODS: The promoter, all the exons and exon-intron boundaries and 3' UTR of F7 gene of the proband were analyzed by direct sequencing. The defected mutations were confirmed by sequencing the complementary strand. The mutations would be screened in the related database and 150 healthy donors to identify the SNP. By splice site prediction, we analyzed the pathogenesis of defected mutations. RESULTS: Genetic analysis revealed @entity71734 in the intron 6 of F7 gene ( @entity71735 ) and @entity71736 in the intron 7 of F7 gene ( @entity71737 ). According to the fruitfly, the acceptor site could not be recognized when a G to A substitution took place. The closest candidate splice site was located 132 bp downstream. The distance was probably too far to allow the use of the cryptic splice site and resulted in the skipping of exon6. @entity71736 in the intron 7 of F7 gene could not change the splice site, but modify a different molecular interaction that is important for the splice process. CONCLUSION: The heterozygous mutation of @entity71735 combined with polymorphism of @entity71737 in F7 gene relates to the @entity942 .

title: [Analysis of the gene mutation in an @entity74 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Testicular torsion may lead to serious @entity63 , and the viability depends on the duration of torsion and the effect of @entity63 -reperfusion. Testicular decompression and tunica vaginalis flap application technique were introduced in 2008 by Kutikov et al. We aimed to examine the impact of this method on the testicular microcirculation and hemorheological parameters in a @entity35 model. Six adult @entity35 underwent bilateral scrotal exploration. Intravaginal torsion of the @entity1062 was created by 720   rotation on both sides for 2 h. After detorsion, the right testes underwent tunica albuginea incision and tunica vaginalis flap application. Testicular microcirculation was monitored and hematological parameters, erythrocyte deformability, and aggregation were determined. Measurements were performed before and after torsion, directly after detorsion, on the 1 st -2 nd and 8 th postoperative day. After the last sampling, testicles were removed to determine their volume for histological examinations. The microcirculatory parameters demonstrated slight differences between testicles. Apical zone of the left (nondecompressed) testicles had elevated compared to the middle zone (P < 0.05). On the 2 nd and 8 th day, the microcirculation of the testes normalized but not equally. The erythrocyte aggregation and deformability decreased by the 8 th day. Both testicles underwent @entity194 and epithelial @entity39 , but the volume of the decompressed ones was lower (1.07    0.08 vs 1.25    0.31). Histologically, there was no significant difference in epithelial damage score between decompressed and nondecompressed testes. In conclusion, 2-h @entity63 led to alteration in testicular microcirculation, reduction in volume, changes in hemorheological parameters and serious epithelial @entity39 both in decompressed and nondecompressed testicles without remarkable differences.

title: Morphological and microcirculatory evaluation of the @entity35 XXXX after detorsion with or without a capsular release with a tunica vaginalis flap.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Testicular torsion may lead to serious @entity63 , and the viability depends on the duration of torsion and the effect of @entity63 -reperfusion. Testicular decompression and tunica vaginalis flap application technique were introduced in 2008 by Kutikov et al. We aimed to examine the impact of this method on the testicular microcirculation and hemorheological parameters in a @entity35 model. Six adult @entity35 underwent bilateral scrotal exploration. Intravaginal torsion of the @entity1062 was created by 720   rotation on both sides for 2 h. After detorsion, the right testes underwent tunica albuginea incision and tunica vaginalis flap application. Testicular microcirculation was monitored and hematological parameters, erythrocyte deformability, and aggregation were determined. Measurements were performed before and after torsion, directly after detorsion, on the 1 st -2 nd and 8 th postoperative day. After the last sampling, testicles were removed to determine their volume for histological examinations. The microcirculatory parameters demonstrated slight differences between testicles. Apical zone of the left (nondecompressed) testicles had elevated compared to the middle zone (P < 0.05). On the 2 nd and 8 th day, the microcirculation of the testes normalized but not equally. The erythrocyte aggregation and deformability decreased by the 8 th day. Both testicles underwent @entity194 and epithelial @entity39 , but the volume of the decompressed ones was lower (1.07    0.08 vs 1.25    0.31). Histologically, there was no significant difference in epithelial damage score between decompressed and nondecompressed testes. In conclusion, 2-h @entity63 led to alteration in testicular microcirculation, reduction in volume, changes in hemorheological parameters and serious epithelial @entity39 both in decompressed and nondecompressed testicles without remarkable differences.

title: Morphological and microcirculatory evaluation of the XXXX @entity1062 after detorsion with or without a capsular release with a tunica vaginalis flap.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity25889 ( @entity9984 ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of @entity9984 have not been studied from the perspective of developmental @entity2359 . Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of @entity9984 by exposing female @entity19 to low dose @entity9984 during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of @entity9984 maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of @entity2438 . At the brain level, @entity9984 maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of @entity2370 and @entity29531 - two genes implicated in @entity2438 -like deficits - was observed in the brain of @entity9984 -exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide @entity9984 and the onset of @entity2438 -like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.

title: Pre- and postnatal exposure to low dose XXXX induces @entity2438 -like phenotypes in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['Autistic Spectrum Disorders', 'autism']

entities_list: @entity25889 :: ('MESH:C003121', 'Chemical') :: ['Glufosinate ammonium']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity25889 :: (MESH:C003121,Chemical) :: ['glufosinate ammonium']


abstract: @entity25889 ( @entity9984 ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of @entity9984 have not been studied from the perspective of developmental @entity2359 . Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of @entity9984 by exposing female @entity19 to low dose @entity9984 during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of @entity9984 maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of @entity2438 . At the brain level, @entity9984 maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of @entity2370 and @entity29531 - two genes implicated in @entity2438 -like deficits - was observed in the brain of @entity9984 -exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide @entity9984 and the onset of @entity2438 -like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.

title: Pre- and postnatal exposure to low dose @entity25889 induces XXXX -like phenotypes in @entity19 .

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: @entity25889 ( @entity9984 ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture. As is the case for most pesticides, potential adverse effects of @entity9984 have not been studied from the perspective of developmental @entity2359 . Early pesticides exposure may weaken the basic structure of the developing brain and cause permanent changes leading to a wide range of lifelong effects on health and/or behavior. Here, we addressed the developmental impact of @entity9984 by exposing female @entity19 to low dose @entity9984 during both pre- and postnatal periods and analyzed potential developmental and behavioral changes of the offspring during infancy and adulthood. A neurobehavioral test battery revealed significant effects of @entity9984 maternal exposure on early reflex development, pup communication, affiliative behaviors, and preference for social olfactory cues, but emotional reactivity and emotional memory remained unaltered. These behavioral alterations showed a striking resemblance to changes seen in animal models of @entity2438 . At the brain level, @entity9984 maternal exposure caused some increase in relative brain weight of the offspring. In addition, reduced expression of @entity2370 and @entity29531 - two genes implicated in @entity2438 -like deficits - was observed in the brain of @entity9984 -exposed pups at postnatal day 15. Our work thus provides new data on the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to the herbicide @entity9984 and the onset of @entity2438 -like symptoms later in life. It also raises fundamental concerns about the ability of current safety testing to assess risks of pesticide exposure during critical developmental periods.

title: Pre- and postnatal exposure to low dose @entity25889 induces @entity2438 -like phenotypes in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Two placebo-controlled trials have shown that early administration of intravenous recombinant @entity1456 (rt-PA) after @entity385 improves outcomes up to 4.5   h after symptoms onset; however, six other trials contradict these results. We also know from analysis of the pooled data that benefits from treatment decrease as time from @entity64 onset to start of treatment increases. In addition to time, another important factor is @entity1 selection through multimodal imaging, combining data from artery status, and salvageable tissue measures. Nonetheless, at the present time @entity23 ( @entity23 ) cannot demonstrate any beneficial outcomes for neuroimaging mismatch selection after 4.5   h from symptoms onset. By focusing on cases of large @entity432 , we know that recanalization is crucial, so endovascular treatment is an approach of interest. The use of intra-arterial thrombolysis was tested in two small @entity23 that demonstrated clear benefits in terms of higher recanalization and also in clinical outcomes. But a new paradigm of @entity64 treatment may have begun with mechanical thrombectomy. In this field, Merci devices have been overtaken by fully deployed closed-cell self-expanding stents (stent-retrievers or "stent-trievers"). However, despite the high rate of recanalization achieved with stent-retrievers compared with other recanalization treatments, the use of these devices cannot clearly demonstrate better outcomes. Thus, futile recanalization occurs when successful recanalization fails to improve functional outcome. Recently, three @entity23 , namely synthesis, IMS-III, and MR-rescue, have not been demonstrated any clear benefit for endovascular treatment. Most likely, these trials were not adequately designed to prove the superiority of endovascular treatment because they did not use optimal target populations, vascular status was not evaluated in all @entity1 , relatively high rates of @entity1 did not have enough mismatch, time from baseline neuroimaging to recanalization were too long or the devices used are now obsolete relative to stent-retrievers. Several @entity23 currently underway are trying to determine whether bridging therapy is more effective than intravenous treatment and if mechanical thrombectomy is more effective than best medical treatment in @entity1 ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis.

title: Recanalization and Reperfusion Therapies of Acute XXXX : What have We Learned, What are the Major Research Questions, and Where are We Headed?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate sequential changes in biochemical bone parameters, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), @entity560 levels and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) over a period of 24 weeks after renal transplantation, we studied 75 @entity1 (58 males, with a mean age of 35.4 years) who underwent their first renal transplantation without a past history of parathyroid surgery or @entity174 . Serum @entity460 , @entity3151 and albumin were measured before transplant, then weekly for four weeks and monthly for the following 20 weeks. Serum iPTH and @entity560 levels and @entity79 were measured at baseline and 24 weeks after transplantation. After transplantation, there was a significant fall in serum @entity460 in the first week, followed by a gradual rise. At 12 and 24 weeks, respectively, 17.5% and 8% @entity1 had @entity2741 . Serum @entity3151 decreased after transplant and at 24 weeks; 25% @entity1 had @entity5886 . The iPTH levels declined significantly from 251    218.2 pg/mL before transplant to 97    142.8 pg/mL at the end of the study period. At 12 and 24 weeks, 42.7% and 51.3% @entity1 , respectively, @entity2742 ( @entity2742 ). Elevated baseline iPTH levels and graft dysfunction were the risk factors for @entity2742 at 12 weeks, while low @entity560 levels were the risk factor at 24 weeks. The @entity79 showed a significant decline of 2.7% after transplant, and it negatively correlated with the pre-transplant iPTH levels; the @entity1 who received @entity1140 immunosuppression had a lower decline in @entity79 than the rest of the @entity1 . No @entity174 were reported during the study period. We conclude that, after renal transplantation, @entity2741 and @entity5886 are common, while a significant proportion of @entity1 have persistent @entity2742 and decline in @entity79 .

title: Sequential changes in bone biochemical parameters and XXXX after renal transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'had persistent hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Twenty percent of @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity633 progress to @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The various factors related to development of @entity740 , the natural course of @entity8 as well as mortality in this sub-group of diabetics has not been studied in detail. The medical records of 121 @entity1 (all males) above the age of 40 years with @entity6 and @entity740 , and without @entity644 , were reviewed in this retrospective study. The outcomes measured included: (a) all-cause mortality, (b) need for hemodialysis (HD), (c) appearance of @entity644 and (d) trend in kidney function. The all-cause mortality was 33%, with mean age at death being 75.9 years. Sixty-three percent of the @entity1 had improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the end of the follow-up period. The mortality was higher in @entity1 with worsening eGFR compared with those with improvement in eGFR (61% vs 39%, P = 0.040). 5.8% of the @entity1 ended up on HD and 16.51% developed @entity644 at the end of the follow-up period. @entity1 who developed @entity644 showed a higher tendency for progression of @entity177 . Multivariate logistic regression for trend toward improving versus worsening of the eGFR revealed no statistically significant predictors. This observational study suggests that in type-2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 , a substantial number of @entity1 will have improvement in eGFR over time. Careful search for potential reversible causes of @entity8 could help in reducing mortality.

title: Improvement in glomerular filtration rate may decrease mortality among type-2 diabetics with chronic kidney disease lacking XXXX : A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'type-2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have demonstrable positive effects on cognition and can ameliorate @entity146 such as @entity308 . Less is known about the efficacy of these approaches in common @entity179 . In this review, we evaluate the effects of TMS and tDCS upon @entity73 in the major @entity303 , including @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ), @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), as well as the potential pre- @entity303 states of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: PubMed (until 7 February 2014) and PsycINFO (from 1967 to January Week 3 2014) databases were searched in a semi-systematic manner in order to identify relevant treatment studies. A total of 762 studies were identified and 32 studies (18 in the @entity303 and 14 in @entity191 populations) were included. RESULTS: No studies were identified in @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity4943 or @entity1294 . Of the @entity303 , 13 studies were conducted in @entity1 with @entity195 , one in @entity1832 , and four in @entity73 . A total of 16 of the 18 studies showed improvements in at least one cognitive or neuropsychiatric outcome measure. Cognitive or neuropsychiatric improvements were observed in 12 of the 14 studies conducted in @entity1 with @entity191 . CONCLUSIONS: Both TMS and tDCS may have potential as interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with @entity303 and @entity191 . These results are promising; however, available data were limited, particularly within @entity1294 , @entity191 and @entity4943 , and major challenges exist in order to maximise the efficacy and clinical utility of both techniques. In particular, stimulation parameters vary considerably between studies and are likely to subsequently impact upon treatment efficacy.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for @entity73 in the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'MCI', 'Mild Cognitive Impairment']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['VaD', 'vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD', "Parkinson's disease with dementia", 'PDD']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia', 'FTD']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative dementias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Two methods of non-invasive brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have demonstrable positive effects on cognition and can ameliorate @entity146 such as @entity308 . Less is known about the efficacy of these approaches in common @entity179 . In this review, we evaluate the effects of TMS and tDCS upon @entity73 in the major @entity303 , including @entity195 ( @entity195 ), @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ), @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ), @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), as well as the potential pre- @entity303 states of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: PubMed (until 7 February 2014) and PsycINFO (from 1967 to January Week 3 2014) databases were searched in a semi-systematic manner in order to identify relevant treatment studies. A total of 762 studies were identified and 32 studies (18 in the @entity303 and 14 in @entity191 populations) were included. RESULTS: No studies were identified in @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity4943 or @entity1294 . Of the @entity303 , 13 studies were conducted in @entity1 with @entity195 , one in @entity1832 , and four in @entity73 . A total of 16 of the 18 studies showed improvements in at least one cognitive or neuropsychiatric outcome measure. Cognitive or neuropsychiatric improvements were observed in 12 of the 14 studies conducted in @entity1 with @entity191 . CONCLUSIONS: Both TMS and tDCS may have potential as interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with @entity303 and @entity191 . These results are promising; however, available data were limited, particularly within @entity1294 , @entity191 and @entity4943 , and major challenges exist in order to maximise the efficacy and clinical utility of both techniques. In particular, stimulation parameters vary considerably between studies and are likely to subsequently impact upon treatment efficacy.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for XXXX in the @entity179 ?

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effects of temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with @entity1346 tubing on @entity190 during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six @entity1 with CSP underwent removal of gestational masses via vacuum aspiration. At the beginning of the procedure, all @entity1 underwent laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with tubing. The main measurements were the operating time, operative @entity190 , Doppler examination of the uterine arteries, and complications of procedure. RESULTS: The median operation time was 99 min, the median time needed to put the tubing in place (the time from the opening of the retroperitoneum to positioning of the tubing) was 45.5 min and the median time of bilateral uterine @entity432 with tubing was 32.5 min. The median @entity190 was 97.5 mL, and none of the @entity1 required blood transfusion. Doppler examination showed no difference in the pre- and postoperative resistance or pulsatility indices of the uterine vessels. There were no conspicuous complications. The serum   -human chorionic gonadotrophin level decreased to normal within 14-27 days after the operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with @entity1346 tubing is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for reducing @entity190 during vacuum aspiration in @entity1 with CSP.

title: Laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with XXXX tubing to prevent hemorrhage during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effects of temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with @entity1346 tubing on @entity190 during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six @entity1 with CSP underwent removal of gestational masses via vacuum aspiration. At the beginning of the procedure, all @entity1 underwent laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with tubing. The main measurements were the operating time, operative @entity190 , Doppler examination of the uterine arteries, and complications of procedure. RESULTS: The median operation time was 99 min, the median time needed to put the tubing in place (the time from the opening of the retroperitoneum to positioning of the tubing) was 45.5 min and the median time of bilateral uterine @entity432 with tubing was 32.5 min. The median @entity190 was 97.5 mL, and none of the @entity1 required blood transfusion. Doppler examination showed no difference in the pre- and postoperative resistance or pulsatility indices of the uterine vessels. There were no conspicuous complications. The serum   -human chorionic gonadotrophin level decreased to normal within 14-27 days after the operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine @entity432 with @entity1346 tubing is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for reducing @entity190 during vacuum aspiration in @entity1 with CSP.

title: Laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine XXXX with @entity1346 tubing to prevent hemorrhage during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: The embryotoxic potential of three model sediment samples with a distinct and well-characterized pollutant burden from the main German river basins Rhine and Elbe was investigated. The Fish Embryo Contact Test (FECT) in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) was applied and submitted to further development to allow for a comprehensive risk assessment of such complex environmental samples. As particulate pollutants are constructive constituents of sediments, they underlay episodic source-sink dynamics, becoming available to benthic organisms. As bioavailability of xenobiotics is a crucial factor for ecotoxicological hazard, we focused on the direct particle-exposure pathway, evaluating throughput-capable endpoints and considering toxicokinetics. Fish embryo and larvae were exposed toward reconstituted (freeze-dried) sediment samples on a microcosm-scale experimental approach. A range of @entity2971 were considered to gain knowledge of potential correlations with metabolic competence during the early embryogenesis. Morphological, physiological, and molecular endpoints were investigated to elucidate induced adverse effects, placing particular emphasis on genomic instability, assessed by the in vivo comet assay. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the extent of induced cell death, since @entity137 can lead to confounding effects. The implementation of relative @entity137 indices further provides inter-comparability between samples and related studies. All of the investigated sediments represent a significant ecotoxicological hazard by disrupting embryogenesis in @entity3392 . Beside the induction of acute @entity137 , morphological and physiological embryotoxic effects could be identified in a concentration-response manner. Increased DNA strand break frequency was detected after sediment contact in characteristic non-monotonic dose-response behavior due to overlapping cytotoxic effects. The embryonic @entity3392 @entity137 model along with the in vivo comet assay and molecular biomarker analysis should prospectively be considered to assess the ecotoxicological potential of sediments allowing for a comprehensive hazard ranking. In order to elucidate mode of action, novel techniques such as flow cytometry have been adopted and proved to be valuable tools for advanced risk assessment and management.

title: Genotoxic and teratogenic effect of freshwater sediment samples from the Rhine and Elbe River (Germany) in XXXX embryo using a multi-endpoint testing strategy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['different developmental embryonic stages']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of @entity1 who have breast-conserving surgery (BCS) subsequently undergo re-excision or proceed to mastectomy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with @entity66 after repeat surgery and to determine their effect on ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR) and survival. METHODS: The study cohort was identified within the national population-based registry of the Danish @entity0 Cooperative Group, including @entity1 who underwent BCS for unilateral invasive @entity0 between 2000 and 2009. RESULTS: The study investigated 12,656 @entity1 . Within 2 months after initial BCS, 1342 (11 %) of these @entity1 had a re-excision, and 756 (6 %) of the @entity1 had a mastectomy. @entity66 was found in 20 % of re-excisions and 59 % of mastectomies. In adjusted analysis, @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) outside the invasive @entity5 , positive initial margin, and age younger than 50 years were associated with increased risk of @entity66 . In the adjusted analysis, @entity1 with @entity66 after re-excision had an increased risk of IBTR regardless whether residual findings were @entity189 [hazard ratio (HR), 2.97; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.57-5.62] or @entity3821 (HR, 2.58; 95 % CI 1.50-4.45). However, no difference was seen in overall survival comparing @entity1 receiving one excision with those having repeat surgery with or without @entity66 (p = 0.96). CONCLUSION: A higher risk of IBTR seen after re-excision was associated with @entity66 . Overall survival was similar regardless of repeat surgery and residual findings.

title: The Influence of Repeat Surgery and Residual Disease on Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery: A Danish XXXX Cooperative Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Residual disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe a multidisciplinary effort to investigate and reduce the occurence of outpatient spurious hyperkalaemia. BACKGROUND: @entity4144 is a falsely elevated serum @entity972 result that does not reflect the in  vivo condition of a @entity1 . A common practice of fist clenching/pumping during phlebotomy to improve vein visualisation is an under-appreciated cause of spurious @entity4144 . DESIGN: Pre- and postinterventional study. METHOD: Objective evidence of spurious hyperkalaemia was sought by reviewing archived laboratory results. A literature review was undertaken to summarise known causes of spurious hyperkalaemia and develop a best practice in phlebotomy. Subsequently, nurses from the Urology Clinic were interviewed, observed and surveyed to understand their phlebotomy workflow and identify potential areas of improvement by comparing to the best practice in phlebotomy. Unexplained (potentially spurious) hyperkalaemia was defined as a serum @entity972 of >5  0  mmol/l in a @entity1 without stage 5 chronic @entity8 or haemolysed blood sample. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nurses from the Urology Clinic showed significant knowledge gap regarding causes of spurious hyperkalaemia when compared to the literature review. Direct observation revealed @entity1 were routinely asked to clench their fists, which may cause spurious hyperkalaemia. Following these observations, several educational initiatives were administered to address the knowledge gap and stop fist clenching. The rate of unexplained hyperkalaemia at the Urology clinic reduced from a baseline of 16  0-3  8%, 58  weeks after intervention. Similar education intervention was propagated to all 18 other specialist outpatient clinic locations, which saw their rate of unexplained hyperkalaemia decrease from 5  4 to 3  7%. To ensure sustainability of the improvements, the existing phlebotomy standard operating protocol, educational and competency testing materials at variance with the best practice were revised. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A simple intervention of avoiding fist clenching/pumping during phlebotomy produced significant reduction in the rate of spurious @entity4144 .

title: A multidisciplinary approach to reducing spurious XXXX in hospital outpatient clinics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia', 'Spurious hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: From 1977 up to 1983, 29 @entity1 were operated upon for @entity30 with digestive fistula (dead fistulae, ileocecal and contiguous ileoileal fistulae being excluded). The majority of the fistulae arose from the distal ileum (n = 22). After an average duration of the disease of 7 1/2 years, the @entity1 were admitted for surgical treatment, either electively (group I, n = 19), or in urgency (group II, n = 10). Eleven @entity1 exhibited some signs of @entity3147 , 13 needed a total parenteral nutrition for an average of 10 days; one @entity1 had to be operated upon in emergency ( @entity548 and @entity295 ); the others had a normal bowel preparation. The resection of the diseased bowel at the origin of the fistulae included right ileocolic resections (n = 25), left (n = 1) or total (n = 3) colectomies, with primary @entity254 in all but two cases. The "target bowel" was treated as conservatively as possible: limited small bowel resection, single suture of the gastric, duodenal or sigmoidal walls, and bladder drainage. A segmental resection of the sigmoid colon was realized in 5 cases where a single closure of the wall defect was impossible. There was no postoperative death, no septic complications, and no signs of @entity834 dehiscence. @entity292 recurrence "in situ" occurred only once. A spectacular health improvement, with a significant @entity1017 , was observed in 85% of the cases. Further outcome of the disease remains out of control.

title: [Digestive fistulas in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1144 has a strong association with both the incidence and mortality of @entity420 ( @entity420 ). Alterations in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism is an emerging hallmark of @entity5 , however, the potential role that @entity28 plays in driving these alterations in @entity420 is currently unknown. METHODS: Adipose conditioned media (ACM) was prepared from visceral adipose tissue taken from computed tomography-determined viscerally- @entity28 and non- @entity28 @entity1 . Mitochondrial function in @entity420 cell lines was assessed using fluorescent probes, mitochondrial gene expression was assessed using qPCR-based gene arrays and intracellular @entity855 levels were determined using a luminescence-based kit. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphophorylation was measured using Seahorse XF technology and metabolomic analysis was performed using 1H NMR. Expression of metabolic markers was assessed in @entity420 @entity5 biopsies by qPCR. RESULTS: ACM from @entity28 @entity1 significantly increased mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential in @entity420 cells, which was significantly associated with visceral fat area, and was coupled with a significant decrease in reactive @entity26 species. This @entity2383 was accompanied by altered expression of 19 mitochondrial-associated genes and significantly reduced intracellular @entity855 levels. ACM from @entity28 @entity1 induced a metabolic shift to glycolysis in @entity420 cells, which was coupled with significantly increased sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor @entity897 . Metabolomic profiling demonstrated an altered glycolysis and @entity535 -related signature in ACM from @entity28 @entity1 . In @entity418 , expression of the glycolytic marker @entity17341 was significantly positively associated with @entity28 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that ACM from viscerally- @entity28 @entity1 elicits an altered metabolic profile and can drive @entity2383 and altered energy metabolism in @entity420 cells in vitro. In vivo, in @entity420 @entity1 @entity5 , expression of the glycolytic enzyme @entity17341 is positively associated with @entity28 .

title: Excess visceral adiposity induces alterations in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese EAC', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral obesity']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['EAC tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the plan quality of proton spot scanning (SS) radiosurgery as a function of spot size (in-air sigma) in comparison to x-ray radiosurgery for treating peripheral @entity75 . METHODS: Single-field optimized (SFO) proton SS plans with sigma ranging from 1 to 8 mm, cone-based x-ray radiosurgery (Cone), and x-ray @entity34 ( @entity34 ) plans were generated for 11 @entity1 . Plans were evaluated using secondary @entity5 risk and brain @entity39 normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). RESULTS: For all @entity1 , secondary @entity5 is a negligible risk compared to brain @entity39 NTCP. @entity5 risk was lower in proton SS plans than in photon plans regardless of spot size (p = 0.001). Brain @entity39 NTCP increased monotonically from an average of 2.34/100 (range 0.42/100-4.49/100) to 6.05/100 (range 1.38/100-11.6/100) as sigma increased from 1 to 8 mm, compared to the average of 6.01/100 (range 0.82/100-11.5/100) for Cone and 5.22/100 (range 1.37/100-8.00/100) for @entity34 . An in-air sigma less than 4.3 mm was required for proton SS plans to reduce NTCP over photon techniques for the cohort of @entity1 studied with statistical significance (p = 0.0186). Proton SS plans with in-air sigma larger than 7.1 mm had significantly greater brain @entity39 NTCP than photon techniques (p = 0.0322). CONCLUSIONS: For treating peripheral @entity75 -where proton therapy would be expected to have the greatest depth-dose advantage over photon therapy-the lateral penumbra strongly impacts the SS plan quality relative to photon techniques: proton beamlet sigma at @entity1 surface must be small (<7.1 mm for three-beam single-field optimized SS plans) in order to achieve comparable or smaller brain @entity39 NTCP relative to photon radiosurgery techniques. Achieving such small in-air sigma values at low energy (<70 MeV) is a major technological challenge in commercially available proton therapy systems.

title: Impact of spot size on plan quality of spot scanning proton radiosurgery for peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['VMAT', 'volumetric modulated arc therapy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain lesions']


abstract: @entity2858 ) is released from infected cells in an immature, noninfectious form in which the structural polyprotein @entity5024 is arranged in a hexameric lattice, forming an incomplete spherical shell. Maturation to the infectious form is mediated by the viral protease, which cleaves @entity5024 at five sites, releasing the CA (capsid) protein, which forms a conical capsid encasing the condensed RNA genome. The pathway of this structural rearrangement is currently not understood, and it is unclear how cone assembly is initiated. RNA represents an integral structural component of retroviruses, and the viral nucleoprotein core has previously been proposed to nucleate mature capsid assembly. We addressed this hypothesis by replacing the RNA-binding NC (nucleocapsid) domain of @entity2858 @entity5024 and the adjacent spacer peptide 2 (SP2) by a @entity368 zipper (LZ) protein-protein interaction domain [ @entity5024 (LZ)] in the viral context. We found that @entity5024 (LZ)-carrying virus [ @entity645 (LZ)] was efficiently released and viral polyproteins were proteolytically processed, though with reduced efficiency. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that the particles lacked a condensed nucleoprotein and contained an increased proportion of aberrant core morphologies caused either by the absence of RNA or by altered @entity5024 processing. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of @entity645 (LZ) particles contained mature capsids with the wild-type morphology. These results clearly demonstrate that the nucleoprotein complex is dispensable as a nucleator for mature @entity2858 capsid assembly in the viral context. IMPORTANCE: Formation of a closed conical capsid encasing the viral RNA genome is essential for @entity2858 infectivity. It is currently unclear what viral components initiate and regulate the formation of the capsid during virus morphogenesis, but it has been proposed that the ribonucleoprotein complex plays a role. To test this, we prepared virus-like particles lacking the viral nucleocapsid protein and RNA and analyzed their three-dimensional structure by cryo-electron tomography. While most virions displayed an abnormal morphology under these conditions, some particles showed a normal mature morphology with closed conical capsids. These data demonstrate that the presence of RNA and the nucleocapsid protein is not required for the formation of a mature, cone-shaped @entity2858 capsid.

title: RNA and Nucleocapsid Are Dispensable for Mature XXXX Capsid Assembly.

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1', 'HIV-1']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has a broad spectrum of potential applications, ranging from therapeutic cloning, production of transgenic animals, drug production, regenerative medicine and even for the rescue of endangered species. It is already more than 16 years since Dolly, first cloned @entity1 , was born, and many improvements in @entity1358 have been made by using different epigenetic and technical approaches but the efficiency is still disappointingly low. Only ~0.1 to 3% of reconstructed embryos develop to term. @entity1358 is associated with high rate of fetal, perinatal, and neonatal losses and production of abnormal offspring. Many factors have been implied in the pathogenesis of the NT fetal losses, but it seems that the highest incidence is @entity5028 , confirmed by our first reports studied on full-term @entity742 placentas. Reports strongly suggest that post-mortality in cloned @entity742 is mainly caused by @entity5028 such as placentomegaly, @entity509 of trophoblastic epithelium, altered basement membrane, and reduced vascularisation. The pathogenesis of these changes is poorly understood, so here we analysed early @entity742 placenta (20 days) for better understanding of mechanisms involved. Blastocysts obtained by nuclear transfer of somatic cells (adult @entity742 fibroblasts) were transferred into recipient ewes. Naturally mated ewes were analysed as controls (CTR). Conceptuses were recovered at Day 20 of gestation. Then, part of their placentas were fixed for histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis; other parts of the tissues were snap frozen in liquid @entity1568 for subsequent mRNA analysis. Expression of genes regulating vasculo- and angiogenesis ( @entity31578 , @entity31579 , @entity25195 , FGF-2R, @entity8355 , and @entity65873 ) as well as imprinted genes ( @entity9419 , H19, @entity71738 ) were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Gene expression was analysed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test; P<0.05 was considered significant. Expression of all analysed imprinted genes as well as vasculo- and angiogenesis factors in NT placentas at Day 20 of development were down-regulated (v. CTR). Histological analysis showed reduced vascularization and increased apoptosis in placental tissue. The observation of ultrathin sections confirmed @entity5028 . Cells presented decreased density of mature mitochondria, high number of cytoplasmic vacuolization, numerous cytoplasmic vesicles and autophagosomes, less developed cells to cell junctions, and disruption of chorionic villi, being irregularly and sparsely arranged. The results of the present study indicate that the @entity5028 affecting particularly the vascular compartment start from early stage of placenta development. Moreover, imprinted genes, which have been already shown to determine the transport capacity of the placenta by regulating its growth, morphology and nutrient abundance, were deregulated in NT early placentas. All those factor can lead to the developmental failure of cloned fetuses.

title: 39 XXXX in @entity742 somatic cell clones at 20 days of gestation.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Somatic cell nuclear transfer', 'SCNT']

answer: @entity5028 :: (MESH:D010922,Disease) :: ['placenta abnormalities']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has a broad spectrum of potential applications, ranging from therapeutic cloning, production of transgenic animals, drug production, regenerative medicine and even for the rescue of endangered species. It is already more than 16 years since Dolly, first cloned @entity1 , was born, and many improvements in @entity1358 have been made by using different epigenetic and technical approaches but the efficiency is still disappointingly low. Only ~0.1 to 3% of reconstructed embryos develop to term. @entity1358 is associated with high rate of fetal, perinatal, and neonatal losses and production of abnormal offspring. Many factors have been implied in the pathogenesis of the NT fetal losses, but it seems that the highest incidence is @entity5028 , confirmed by our first reports studied on full-term @entity742 placentas. Reports strongly suggest that post-mortality in cloned @entity742 is mainly caused by @entity5028 such as placentomegaly, @entity509 of trophoblastic epithelium, altered basement membrane, and reduced vascularisation. The pathogenesis of these changes is poorly understood, so here we analysed early @entity742 placenta (20 days) for better understanding of mechanisms involved. Blastocysts obtained by nuclear transfer of somatic cells (adult @entity742 fibroblasts) were transferred into recipient ewes. Naturally mated ewes were analysed as controls (CTR). Conceptuses were recovered at Day 20 of gestation. Then, part of their placentas were fixed for histological and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis; other parts of the tissues were snap frozen in liquid @entity1568 for subsequent mRNA analysis. Expression of genes regulating vasculo- and angiogenesis ( @entity31578 , @entity31579 , @entity25195 , FGF-2R, @entity8355 , and @entity65873 ) as well as imprinted genes ( @entity9419 , H19, @entity71738 ) were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad software (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Gene expression was analysed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test; P<0.05 was considered significant. Expression of all analysed imprinted genes as well as vasculo- and angiogenesis factors in NT placentas at Day 20 of development were down-regulated (v. CTR). Histological analysis showed reduced vascularization and increased apoptosis in placental tissue. The observation of ultrathin sections confirmed @entity5028 . Cells presented decreased density of mature mitochondria, high number of cytoplasmic vacuolization, numerous cytoplasmic vesicles and autophagosomes, less developed cells to cell junctions, and disruption of chorionic villi, being irregularly and sparsely arranged. The results of the present study indicate that the @entity5028 affecting particularly the vascular compartment start from early stage of placenta development. Moreover, imprinted genes, which have been already shown to determine the transport capacity of the placenta by regulating its growth, morphology and nutrient abundance, were deregulated in NT early placentas. All those factor can lead to the developmental failure of cloned fetuses.

title: 39 @entity5028 in XXXX somatic cell clones at 20 days of gestation.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: AIM: Endothelial dysfunction was observed in @entity1 with @entity1561 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent of endothelial function impairment in @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: We systematically searched through the PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for studies dated up to January 2015. All observational studies that compared endothelial function between @entity1561 @entity1 and healthy controls were included. Endothelial function was measured by brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 and @entity1507 -induced dilatation techniques. RESULTS: Eleven observational studies were identified. Meta-analysis indicated that @entity1561 @entity1 were associated with a reduction in brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 (weighted mean difference, -4.82%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.63 to -4.00) compared with the healthy controls. Subgroup analysis indicated that the @entity1 with @entity7936 or a body mass index of more than 30   kg/m(2) appeared to have a greater reduction in their flow-mediated @entity384 . However, no significant differences were observed in the @entity1507 -induced @entity384 (weighted mean difference, -0.4%; 95% confidence interval, -2.19 to 1.39). CONCLUSION: @entity1561 is associated with a greater risk of @entity409 as indicated by the decreased brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 . Assessment of endothelial function may be recommended to identify subclinical @entity731 and to create subgroups of @entity1561 @entity1 who are at higher risk of future cardiovascular events.

title: Association of XXXX with impaired endothelial function by flow-mediated @entity384 : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: AIM: Endothelial dysfunction was observed in @entity1 with @entity1561 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the extent of endothelial function impairment in @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: We systematically searched through the PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for studies dated up to January 2015. All observational studies that compared endothelial function between @entity1561 @entity1 and healthy controls were included. Endothelial function was measured by brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 and @entity1507 -induced dilatation techniques. RESULTS: Eleven observational studies were identified. Meta-analysis indicated that @entity1561 @entity1 were associated with a reduction in brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 (weighted mean difference, -4.82%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.63 to -4.00) compared with the healthy controls. Subgroup analysis indicated that the @entity1 with @entity7936 or a body mass index of more than 30   kg/m(2) appeared to have a greater reduction in their flow-mediated @entity384 . However, no significant differences were observed in the @entity1507 -induced @entity384 (weighted mean difference, -0.4%; 95% confidence interval, -2.19 to 1.39). CONCLUSION: @entity1561 is associated with a greater risk of @entity409 as indicated by the decreased brachial artery flow-mediated @entity384 . Assessment of endothelial function may be recommended to identify subclinical @entity731 and to create subgroups of @entity1561 @entity1 who are at higher risk of future cardiovascular events.

title: Association of @entity1561 with impaired endothelial function by flow-mediated XXXX : A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilation']


abstract: Development of early embryonic stages before activation of the embryonic genome depends on sufficiently stored products of the maternal genome and adequate activation, deactivation, and relocation of proteins. To establish protein function, several posttranslational events (e.g. proteolytic activation, phosphorylation, or secretion) are frequently essential and thereby prevent prediction of protein abundance from transcript abundance. Consequently, proteomic studies are indispensable to characterise the molecular processes governing early embryonic development and to establish corresponding regulatory networks. Here, we present a quantitative proteome analysis of @entity291 zygotes and embryos at the 2-cell and 4-cell stage. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were prepared from @entity291 ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and selected for a compact layer of cumulus cells. In vitro maturation, fertilization, and embryo production were performed according to standard procedures. For quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, protein from batches of 50 MII oocytes (serving as a reference), zygotes, 2-cell and 4-cell stage embryos, respectively, was extracted. Quantitative proteome analysis of iTRAQ-labelled tryptic peptides was performed on an Orbitrap XL instrument (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) coupled to an Eksigent nano-liquid chromatography system (AB Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA). The tandem MS data were analysed by MASCOT and filtered for a false discovery rate (FDR) of <1%. Quantification of iTRAQ signals was accomplished with the Q+ module of the Scaffold software (Proteome Software Inc., Portland, OR, USA). t-Tests, ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) analysis were performed using R (R Core Development Team, Vienna, Austria). From 4 biological replicates, 1072 proteins were identified and quantified. Eighty-seven differed significantly in abundance between the 4 stages (log2 fold change>=  0.6 , P <=0.05). The proteomes of 2-cell and 4-cell embryos differed most from the reference MII oocyte, and a considerable fraction of proteins continuously increases in abundance during the stages analysed. Bioinformatic analysis of abundance altered proteins provided evidence that the proteins @entity71746 and @entity71747 involved in the p53 pathway play a major role during early development, as well as proteins of the lipid metabolism, in particular @entity71748 . Furthermore, a group of proteins (e.g. @entity71749 , @entity71750 , @entity71751 , @entity71752 , and @entity71753 ) is engaged in mitosis. In addition, we detected relevant differences between transcript and protein abundance levels; for example, for @entity71753 . In conclusion, this study identified and quantified numerous proteins important for early embryogenesis so far not described in the @entity1 system, and contributed protein profiles for key players previously described. Our results highlight the importance of innovative proteomic tools and workflows to complement transcriptome data of early embryogenesis.

title: 83 stage-specific proteome signatures in early XXXX embryo development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Over the last three decades there has been a world-wide decline in the incidence and severity of @entity4789 and @entity6331 , but the death rate in Singapore from chronic @entity6331 has risen from 3.6 per 100,000 population in 1966 to 4.4 per 100,000 in 1977. @entity340 from @entity6331 are very common, and between 1967 to 1979, 715 surgical procedures were performed for @entity340 , and of these, 654 procedures involved the mitral valve which was most commonly affected by the disease process. Since many of the @entity1 were female and in the @entity1 -bearing age, conservative procedures on the mitral valve were performed whenever possible. Mitral valvotomy for @entity4794 relieved symptoms effectively; and for restenosis of the mitral valve, more than half of the @entity1 underwent a second valvotomy with functional improvement. Mitral valve replacement was reserved for the severely distorted valve, sometimes calcified, and where there was stenosis associated with @entity337 . Between 1971 to 1979, 162 mitral valves were replaced and actuarial studies showed 80% survival five years after surgery. 30 aortic and mitral valve replacements were performed in this same period with an operative mortality of 16.7%. Only 75 aortic valves were replaced for @entity340 and 14 of these also had associated mitral and triscuspid valve disease. The prosthetic valves commonly used for replacement were the Starr-Edwards non-cloth covered valves, models 6120 and 1260. All @entity1 that had valve replacements were treated with long-term anticoagulation with @entity1229 . The incidence of @entity1031 was low, being 8% for mitral valve replacement and the majority of these episodes occurred in the first three months after surgery.

title: Surgical management of XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic valvular disease', 'Valvular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: It is known that in vitro @entity1 embryo development is negatively affected by the increased oxidative stress occurring under culture conditions. The oxidative damage of cell components via reactive @entity26 species interferes with proper cell function. Buffalo embryos are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress because of their high lipid content (Boni et al. 1992 Acta Med. Vet. 38, 153-161). @entity43452 (LE) is a powerful scavenger of @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 ) and an inhibitor of @entity68 or @entity920 ion-dependent generation of @entity2145 from @entity273 ( @entity274 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether enriching the in vitro-culture medium with LE improves in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo. Abattoir-derived buffalo oocytes (n=854, over 6 replicates) were in vitro matured and fertilized according to standard procedures (Gasparrini et al. 2006 Theriogenology 65, 275-287). Twenty hours after IVF presumptive zygotes were cultured in SOFaa supplemented by 8mgmL(-1) BSA in a controlled gas atmosphere consisting of 5% @entity515 , 7% O2, 88% N2, in humidified air, at 38.5  C with 0 (control; n=214), 0.05mM LE (n=217), 0.1mM LE (n=204), and 1mM LE (n=219). Cleavage rate was assessed at the time of change of culture (Day 5) and the cleaved elements were cultured for a further 2 days. The embryos obtained by the end of culture, i.e. on Day 7 post-IVF, were scored for quality, based on morphological criteria, and for developmental stage, as previously described (Robertson, Nelson 2010 Manual of the International Embryo Transfer Society 86-105). The percentages of total transferable embryos and Grade 1 and 2 blastocysts in relation to cleaved oocytes were recorded. Because the chronology of development is known to be one of the most reliable parameters for assessing quality, the percentage of fast-developing embryos, i.e. hatched and expanded blastocysts, was also recorded. Data were analysed by Chi-squared test. Cleavage rate was not affected by the treatment (71.4, 66.8, 68.7, and 63.0%, respectively, with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 1mM LE). The total embryo output increased in groups supplemented with 0.05 and 0.1mM LE (31.3, 42.2, 43.8, and 21.7%, respectively, with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 1mM LE; P<0.05). However, the enrichment of in vitro culture with 0.1mM LE also increased the percentage of Grade 1 and 2 blastocysts compared with the control and to 1mM LE (21.6, 30.9, 33.9, and 21.7%, respectively, with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 1mM LE; P<0.05). Likewise, 0.1mM LE gave higher percentages of fast developing embryos than the control and 1mM LE groups. In conclusion, these results demonstrated a beneficial effect of LE during culture on buffalo in vitro embryo development. The dose response trial indicated that the optimal concentration is 0.1mM that also influenced the chronology of development and hence embryo viability.

title: 135 effect of XXXX supplementation during culture on in vitro embryo development in buffalo (bubalus bubalis).

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity43452 :: ('CHEBI:4828', 'Chemical') :: ['l-Ergothioneine']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity43452 :: (CHEBI:4828,Chemical) :: ['L-ergothioneine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of loco-regional, recurrent, and well-differentiated @entity259 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five recurrent well-differentiated @entity259 (RTC) in 32 @entity1 were treated with RFA, between March 2008 and October 2011. RTCs were detected by regular follow-up ultrasound and confirmed by biopsy. All @entity1 had fewer than 3 RTCs in the neck and were at high surgical risk or refused to undergo repeated surgery. Average number of RFA sessions were 1.3 (range 1-3). Post-RFA biopsy and ultrasound were performed. The mean follow-up period was 30 months. Pre- and post-RFA serum thyroglobulin values were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 with 33 RTCs were treated with RFA only, whereas 1 @entity1 with 2 RTCs was treated with RFA followed by surgery. At the last follow-up ultrasound, 31 (94%) of the 33 RTCs treated with RFA alone completely disappeared and the remaining 2 (6%) RTCs showed decreased volume. The largest diameter and volume of the 33 RTCs were markedly decreased by 93.2% (from 8.1    3.4 mm to 0.6    1.8 mm, p < 0.001) and 96.4% (from 173.9    198.7 mm(3) to 6.2    27.9 mm(3), p < 0.001), respectively. Twenty of the 21 RTCs evaluated with post-RFA biopsies (95%) were negative for @entity5 . One (5%) showed remaining @entity5 that was removed surgically. The serum thyroglobulin was decreased in 19 of 26 @entity1 (73%). Voice change developed immediately after RFA in 6 @entity1 (19%) and was spontaneously recovered in 5 @entity1 (83%). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation can be effective in treating loco-regional, recurrent, and well-differentiated @entity259 in @entity1 at high surgical risk.

title: Radiofrequency ablation to treat loco-regional recurrence of well-differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Two cases of @entity5124 occurred in a hospital within a two-week period. Both @entity1 were infected with the same organism, @entity5125 , type 1a, bacteriophage type 6 (lysotype 1652). Both @entity1 were born in the same delivery room, 17 hours apart. The index @entity1 became septic shortly after birth and died after 48 hours despite antibiotic therapy. The mother of the index @entity1 was febrile and had @entity5870 . The second @entity1 became ill with @entity693 at 13 days of age. Neither @entity1 nor mothers were attended by the same medical or nursing staff nor were they in the same labor or postpartum areas or nurseries. However, both @entity1 were resuscitated in the same delivery room after birth by means of laryngoscope, suction catheter, and emergency resuscitation (Ambu) bag. Although it was hospital policy to clean and sterilize resuscitation equipment after use, the equipment had only been wiped with @entity167 between @entity1 in this instance, since sterile replacement equipment was not available during the early-morning hours when the index birth occurred. Therefore, we believe the contaminated resuscitation equipment was the source of infection in the second @entity1 . This episode emphasizes the importance of appropriate disinfection of respiratory resuscitation equipment to prevent @entity580 due to @entity5125 , an unusual but important pathogen in neonates.

title: XXXX in a delivery room.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5124 :: ('MESH:D008088', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal listeriosis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity5124 :: (MESH:D008088,Disease) :: ['Transmission of neonatal listeriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ), an @entity792 , is associated with dysfunction of the secretory salivary gland epithelium, leading to @entity2133 . The etiology of @entity195 progression is poorly understood as it is typically not diagnosed until late stage. Since @entity19 models allow the study of disease progression, we investigated the NOD/ShiLtJ @entity19 to explore temporal changes to the salivary epithelium. In the NOD/ShiLtJ model, @entity244 presents secondary to autoimmune @entity6 , and @entity195 is reportedly fully established by 20 weeks. We compared epithelial morphology in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of NOD/ShiLtJ @entity19 with SMGs from the parental strain at 12, 18, and 22 weeks of age and used immunofluorescence to detect epithelial proteins, including the acinar marker, @entity31998 , ductal cell marker, @entity20452 , myoepithelial cell marker, smooth muscle a-actin, and the basal cell marker, @entity22981 , while confirming immune infiltrates with @entity8236 . We also compared these proteins in the labial salivary glands of @entity1 @entity244 @entity1 with control tissues. In the NOD/ShiLtJ SMG, regions of lymphocytic infiltrates were not associated with widespread epithelial tissue degradation; however, there was a decrease in the area of the gland occupied by secretory epithelial cells in favor of ductal epithelial cells. We observed an expansion of cells expressing @entity22981 within the ducts and within the smooth muscle a-actin(+) basal myoepithelial population. The altered acinar/ductal ratio within the NOD/ShiLtJ SMG likely contributes to @entity1887 , while the expansion of @entity22981 positive-basal cells may reflect loss of function or indicate a regenerative response. Anat Rec, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Changes in the Submandibular Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Subpopulations During Progression of Sj  gren's Syndrome-Like Disease in the NOD/ShiLtJ XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['salivary hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['SS disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune exocrinopathy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The burden and psychological impact of providing care to a loved one with @entity5 is significant and associated with a number of problems including @entity25 and @entity1295 . While engaging in healthy behaviors such as proper nutrition, exercise, and stress reduction may improve sleep and @entity1295 , few studies have focused on this relationship. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of health behaviors with @entity25 and @entity1295 in transplant caregivers. METHODS: Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional survey of 78 caregivers of @entity1 undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Measures included: Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Brief Symptom Inventory (Distress), Caregiver Reaction Assessment (Caregiver Burden), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short-Form. RESULTS: Controlling for age, gender, BMI, burden and distress, health behaviors predicted @entity25 (B   =   -0.408, p   =   0.021) and @entity1295 (B   =   -0.966, p   <   0.001). Stress management (B   =   -0.450, p   =   0.001), nutrition (B   =   -0.249, p   =   0.048), and interpersonal relationships (B   =   -0.319, p   =   0.049) were the HPLP-II subscales that significantly predicted @entity25 ; nearly every HPLP-II subscale predicted @entity1295 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the burden and distress associated with caregiving, engaging in healthy behaviors may help to improve @entity8 . Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

title: The relationship of health behaviors with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sleep and fatigue in transplant caregivers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['sleep and fatigue in transplant caregivers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In late 2012, a national pill crisis led French @entity1 to promptly change their behavior regarding contraception, with a significant increase in the use of first-generation and second-generation combined oral contraceptives to the detriment of third-generation and fourth-generation products (C3Gs and C4Gs). OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the sharp changes in 2013 on the rate of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity1151 in France. METHODS: All hospitalized @entity1151 in @entity1 aged 15-49  years, excluding those occurring during delivery stay, were identified from the French national hospital discharge databases from 2010 to 2013. Hospitalization rates, overall and by age group, were calculated. We compared rates in 2013 with those in 2012, and with mean rates over the preceding 3-year period (2010-2012). Two populations of non-users of contraceptives were used as control groups: @entity1 aged 15-49  years, and @entity1 aged 50-69  years. The expected @entity1151 incidence, estimated by modeling the number of expected cases based on modifications of combined oral contraceptive exposure, was also considered. RESULTS: In France, in 2013 as compared with 2012, the @entity1151 hospitalization incidence rate in @entity1 aged 15-49  years fell by 10.6%, corresponding to a reduction of 322 hospitalizations (95% confidence interval -468 to -156). The expected @entity1151 reduction is consistent with the observed reduction in hospitalization incidence rate (-10.2% and -10.6%, respectively). Such a pattern was not observed in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The sharp change in contraception methods, with decreased use of C3Gs and C4Gs, probably played a major role in the reduction in @entity1211 morbidity in France.

title: Impact of the sharp changes in the use of contraception in 2013 on the risk of XXXX in France.

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolisms', 'reduction in pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether @entity1 with @entity244 ( @entity244 ) can be distinguished based on the positivity of anti-centromere antibody (ACA), and if so, whether the subgroups differ in their clinical and laboratory features. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with ACA-positive and 71 @entity1 ACA-negative @entity244 were examined. All @entity1 had minor salivary gland biopsy; sociodemographic data, glandular and extraglandular manifestations, and laboratory findings, including autoantibodies, complement and immunoglobulin levels, were analyzed. European League Against @entity627 activity index (ESSDAI) and @entity195 damage index (SSDDI) were also measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of ACA among @entity244 @entity1 was 13.4%. ACA-positive @entity244 @entity1 had a higher prevalence of @entity2407 , @entity17351 and @entity1669 and a lower prevalence of anti-SSA/Ro and anti- @entity6016 /La antibodies compared to ACA-negative @entity1 . Disease activity was higher in ACA-positive @entity1 than in ACA-negative @entity1 , but the damage index did not differ between the two groups. None of the @entity1 who originally had ACA evolved to having full-blown @entity785 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity244 who have ACA differ from classic @entity244 @entity1 in several clinical and laboratory parameters. ACA should be considered one of the pathogenically relevant autoantibodies for @entity244 .

title: Anti-centromere antibody-positive XXXX : A distinct clinical subgroup?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17351 :: ('MESH:C535336', 'Disease') :: ['sclerodactyly']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism SS disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']