abstract: T cells that can respond to self-antigens are present in the peripheral immune repertoire of all healthy individuals. Recently we have found that unmanipulated SJL @entity19 that are highly susceptible to @entity6503 also maintain a very high frequency of T cells responding to an encephalitogenic epitope of a myelin antigen proteolipid protein ( @entity13743 ) 139-151 in the peripheral repertoire. This is not due to lack of expression of myelin antigens in the thymus resulting in escape of @entity13743 139-151 reactive cells from central tolerance, but is due to expression of a splice variant of @entity13743 named @entity13743 , which lacks the residues 116-150. In spite of this high frequency, the @entity13743 139-151 reactive cells remain undifferentiated in the periphery and do not induce spontaneous @entity6503 . In contrast, SJL TCR @entity19 expressing a receptor derived from a pathogenic T cell clone do develop spontaneous disease. This may be because in normal @entity19 , autoreactive cells are kept in check by an alternate @entity13743 139-151 reactive nonpathogenic repertoire, which maintains a balance that keeps them healthy. If this is the case, selective activation of one repertoire or the other may alter susceptibility to @entity792 . Since T cells are generally cross-reactive, besides responding to nonself-antigens, they also maintain significant responses to self-antigens. Based on the @entity13743 139-151 system, we propose a model in which activation with foreign antigens can result in the generation of pathogenic memory T cells that mediate autoimmunity. We also outline circumstances under which activation of self-reactive T cells with foreign antigens can generate selective tolerance and thus generate protective/regulatory memory against self while still maintaining significant responses against foreign antigens. This provides a mechanism by which the fidelity and specificity of the immune system against foreign antigens is improved without increasing the potential for developing an @entity792 .

title: T cell response in @entity6503 ( XXXX ): role of self and cross-reactive antigens in shaping, tuning, and regulating the autopathogenic T cell repertoire.

answer: @entity6503 :: (MESH:D004681,Disease) :: ['EAE']


abstract: Acid-base balance has been studied in 21 @entity1 with @entity360 . A low plasma @entity3157 concentration was found in nine @entity1 , accompanied in each case by a base deficit of more than 3 mEq/litre, indicating a @entity520 . Three @entity1 had a low blood pH. Hyperlactataemia appeared to be a major cause of the @entity520 . This was not accompanied by a raised blood @entity2388 concentration. The hyperlactataemia could not be accounted for on the basis of hyperventilation, intravenous infusion of @entity413 , or arterial hypoxaemia. Before blood transfusion it was most pronounced in @entity1 who were clinically shocked, suggesting that it may have resulted from poor tissue perfusion and anaerobic glycolysis. Blood transfusion resulted in a rise in lactate concentration in seven @entity1 who were not clinically shocked, and failed to reverse a severe uncompensated @entity520 in a @entity1 who was clinically shocked. These effects of blood transfusion are probably due to the fact that red blood cells in stored bank blood, with added acid- @entity1792 - @entity413 solution, metabolize the @entity413 anaerobically to @entity880 . Monitoring of acid-base balance is recommended in @entity1 with @entity360 who are clinically shocked. A @entity520 can then be corrected with intravenous @entity4388 .

title: Acid-base balance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding', 'acute gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity364 caused by Verticillium species. METHODS: A 50-year-old @entity1 developed @entity158 , redness, and an infiltrate in his left eye and had no history of @entity130 . The @entity267 showed superficial, white, stromal infiltrates and epithelial ulceration with a dendritic margin. The clinical features suggested @entity1034 , and the @entity1 was treated with topical antiviral medication. Two weeks later, his condition deteriorated. Examination of the left eye showed stromal infiltrates with a feathery margin and epithelial ulceration with its covering white exudates. Corneal scrapings were taken for direct microscopic examination and culture. RESULTS: Corneal scraping showed the presence of fungal filaments. The fungus was identified as Verticillium species. Topical @entity2379 and systemic @entity2380 were started after discontinuing the antiviral treatment. Clinically, the @entity32 subsided during the 3 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION: This is a rare case of @entity1036 caused by Verticillium species. Rare species of @entity364 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1036 refractive to conventional medical treatment.

title: XXXX caused by Verticillium species.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis', 'infectious keratitis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection', 'fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Keratitis']


abstract: A 44-year-old female British travel guide suddenly had @entity221 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 develop during her stay in South India. Four days later she was transported to our hospital. At admission she had a high temperature, impaired respiration, and @entity490 . Clinical examination revealed bilateral @entity1143 , @entity382 , and @entity843 . Two days later the @entity1 showed a generalized macular rash with a conspicuous sparing of small islands of normal skin. Hemorrhagic erythema on the palms and soles as well as focal petechiae on the hard palate and scleral and conjunctival bleeding were also observed. @entity551 and @entity177 developed 1 week after the illness started. Laboratory investigations revealed highly elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, severe @entity5714 , decreased platelet counts, and @entity854 values. The presumptive clinical diagnosis of @entity7643 was supported by serologic testing that disclosed sustained high titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Symptomatic therapy with substitution of volume and albumin, blood transfusions, and administration of antipyretics resulted in complete recovery within 6 weeks.

title: XXXX in a British travel guide.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

answer: @entity7643 :: (MESH:D019595,Disease) :: ['Dengue hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: RATIONALE: Animal and @entity1 evidence implicate the central noradrenergic system in the process of memory modulation for emotional material. Blockade of the beta-adrenergic system in @entity1 has been shown to result in decreased recall and recognition memory performance, relative to placebo, for the emotional elements of a series of slides accompanied by a narrative. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system with @entity3160 has also been shown to result in increased recall and recognition performance relative to placebo for the same stimulus materials. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested the hypothesis that stimulating the central noradrenergic system using the new @entity1063 re-uptake inhibitor @entity18891 would result in a dose-dependent enhancement of memory for emotional material in @entity1 . METHODS: The central noradrenergic system was manipulated using @entity18891 in a double-blind, randomised between-group, placebo-controlled design with 36 healthy adult subjects in each of three groups (placebo, 4 and 8 mg @entity18891 ). Free recall and recognition memory performance were assessed in a 'surprise' memory test following a 7-day interval. RESULTS: We found no memory enhancing effect of @entity18891 . In contrast we observed a dose-dependent effect on memory opposite to the predicted direction. There were no significant differences between groups in self-rated stress and arousal scores or self-rated emotional reactions to the stimuli. All groups showed the expected increased memory performance for the middle 'emotive' phase of the story. CONCLUSION: Selective stimulation of the central noradrenergic system at encoding did not result in enhanced long-term memory for emotional material in @entity1 .

title: The effects of noradrenergic re-uptake inhibition on memory encoding in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity18891 :: ('MESH:C074679', 'Chemical') :: ['reboxetine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of clinical effects on primary @entity101 between acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking and western medicine. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 with primary @entity101 were randomly divided into a medication group and a combination group, 45 cases in each group. In the medication group, @entity20805 tablets were treated with oral administration, 12.5 mg each time, twice a day; in the combination group, acupuncture and auricular point sticking were used, and acupuncture was applied at Renying (ST 9), Fengchi (GB 20) and Baihui (GV 20), while auricular point sticking was adopted at Shenmen (TF4), @entity7681 (CO15), Jiangyagou and Jiaogan (AH6a), once a day for continuous 4 weeks. After treatment, the changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) level, @entity1011 level and syndrome scores were observed and the clinical efficacy was assessed in the two groups. RESULTS: After 4 weeks' treatment, the 24 h ambulatory blood pressure was both improved compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The reducing of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in the combination group was superior to that in the medication group (P<0.05). There were reducing tendencies about coefficients of variation (CVs) of the two groups, and in the combination group, the CVs of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and systolic pressure acquired more obvious reducing range compared with the medication group (both P<0.05). Serum @entity2178 level and plasma @entity1011 level of the @entity1 in the two groups after treatment were both decreased (both P<0.05) and the reducing of @entity2178 level and @entity1011 level of the combination group was more obvious than that of the medication group (both P<0.05). The syndrome scores of the two groups after treatment were both remarkably decreased (both P<0.05), and the reducing of the syndrome scores of the combination group was more marked than that of the medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the combination group was 95.6% (43/45), which was superior to 71.1% (32/45) of the medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking for primary @entity101 has reliable effect. It is better than captopril for the improvement of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, AngII level and @entity1011 level, and can improve dizzy, palpitation and other clinical symptoms.

title: [Primary XXXX treated with acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking: a randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity347 ( @entity347 ) are insuring an increasing number of Americans, there are concerns that cost-reduction strategies may limit access to medical care or jeopardize its quality. This study was conducted to examine the influence of insurance payer status on the process of care and resource utilization among @entity1 hospitalized for @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Administrative information on all 1995 New York State hospital discharges assigned ICD-9-CM codes indicative of @entity712 in the principal diagnosis position were obtained from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. The following were compared among @entity1 with @entity347 , indemnity, Medicaid fee-for-service, and Medicare fee-for-service insurance coverage: demographics, comorbid illness, process of care, length of stay, hospital charges, mortality rate, and @entity712 readmission rate. A total of 43,157 @entity1 were identified ( @entity347 , 1322; indemnity, 4350; Medicaid, 3878; Medicare, 33 607). Noninvasive procedures were used with similar frequency, whereas greater use of invasive techniques was observed among @entity347 and indemnity @entity1 . After adjustment for @entity1 characteristics and hospital type and location, @entity347 care was associated with shorter length of stay and lower hospital charges, the latter partially explained by fewer hospital days. Medicaid @entity1 had the longest length of stay, greatest hospital charges, and highest @entity712 readmission rate. The adjusted risk of @entity204 during the index hospitalization did not vary among insurance groups. CONCLUSIONS: Though insuring only a small proportion of New Yorkers hospitalized for @entity712 , managed care plans provide similar access to clinical services while generating fewer charges. Whether these observed differences in short-term outcomes derive from @entity1 mix or quality of care is uncertain and deserves wider prospective study.

title: Managed care for XXXX : influence of payer status on process of care, resource utilization, and short-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['health maintenance organizations', 'HMO']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity5 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1522 involved in binding @entity10867 and @entity17796 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1522 within @entity8271 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction. Four anti- @entity8271 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity8271 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity8271 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity70710 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity8271 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity8271 . Among them, @entity70711 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity8271 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity70712 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity8271 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity8271 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1522 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved XXXX in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for @entity17796 / @entity10867 :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: The B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity5 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1522 involved in binding @entity10867 and @entity17796 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1522 within @entity8271 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction. Four anti- @entity8271 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity8271 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity8271 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity70710 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity8271 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity8271 . Among them, @entity70711 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity8271 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity70712 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity8271 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity8271 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1522 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved @entity1522 in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for @entity17796 / XXXX :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

answer: @entity10867 :: (12487(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: The B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity5 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1522 involved in binding @entity10867 and @entity17796 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1522 within @entity8271 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity10867 / @entity17796 interaction. Four anti- @entity8271 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity8271 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity8271 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity70710 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity8271 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity8271 . Among them, @entity70711 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity8271 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity70712 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity8271 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity8271 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1522 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved @entity1522 in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for XXXX / @entity10867 :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

answer: @entity17796 :: (12477(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CTLA4']


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) with @entity417 and @entity79 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity1749 and @entity619 treatment, @entity1582 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity6985 , @entity786 , and @entity619 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity6985 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity8 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity797 at 2% and factor @entity797 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity447 was made, and treatment with @entity617 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity797 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity797 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity6985 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity786 . Factor @entity797 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity1 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity6985 as a possible cause of acquired @entity447 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity447 after initiating @entity6985 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Development of acquired @entity447 during treatment of @entity1582 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) with @entity417 and @entity79 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity1749 and @entity619 treatment, @entity1582 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity6985 , @entity786 , and @entity619 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity6985 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity8 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity797 at 2% and factor @entity797 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity447 was made, and treatment with @entity617 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity797 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity797 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity6985 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity786 . Factor @entity797 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity1 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity6985 as a possible cause of acquired @entity447 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity447 after initiating @entity6985 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Development of acquired @entity447 during treatment of XXXX with @entity6985 .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) with @entity417 and @entity79 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity1749 and @entity619 treatment, @entity1582 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity6985 , @entity786 , and @entity619 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity6985 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity8 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity797 at 2% and factor @entity797 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity447 was made, and treatment with @entity617 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity797 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity797 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity6985 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity786 . Factor @entity797 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity1 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity6985 as a possible cause of acquired @entity447 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity447 after initiating @entity6985 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Development of acquired XXXX during treatment of @entity1582 with @entity6985 .

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity29 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity842 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity32 . In this study, the effect of @entity6693 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity842 synthesis, was investigated in @entity1543 (AA)-induced @entity1960 model in @entity35 . Eighty male @entity35 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity1960 , @entity1960 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity16 and @entity32 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity1543 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity1589 activity and @entity1234 levels increased significantly, while @entity224 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity1543 resulted in increased levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , total @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity842 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity842 and decreases @entity32 in @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 .

title: @entity6693 inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity1543 -induced XXXX in the @entity35 colonic mucosa.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1960 :: (MESH:D003092,Disease) :: ['colitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity29 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity842 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity32 . In this study, the effect of @entity6693 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity842 synthesis, was investigated in @entity1543 (AA)-induced @entity1960 model in @entity35 . Eighty male @entity35 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity1960 , @entity1960 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity16 and @entity32 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity1543 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity1589 activity and @entity1234 levels increased significantly, while @entity224 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity1543 resulted in increased levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , total @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity842 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity842 and decreases @entity32 in @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 .

title: XXXX inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 in the @entity35 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['Methylene Blue']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity29 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity842 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity32 . In this study, the effect of @entity6693 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity842 synthesis, was investigated in @entity1543 (AA)-induced @entity1960 model in @entity35 . Eighty male @entity35 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity1960 , @entity1960 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity16 and @entity32 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity1543 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity1589 activity and @entity1234 levels increased significantly, while @entity224 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity1543 resulted in increased levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , total @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity842 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity842 and decreases @entity32 in @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 .

title: @entity6693 inhibits the inflammatory process of the XXXX -induced @entity1960 in the @entity35 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity29 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity842 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity32 . In this study, the effect of @entity6693 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity842 synthesis, was investigated in @entity1543 (AA)-induced @entity1960 model in @entity35 . Eighty male @entity35 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity1960 , @entity1960 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity16 and @entity32 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity1543 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity1589 activity and @entity1234 levels increased significantly, while @entity224 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity1543 resulted in increased levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , total @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity842 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity842 and decreases @entity32 in @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 .

title: @entity6693 inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 in the XXXX colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity413 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity2299 for the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity413 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity453 @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity453 @entity1 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity413 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity413 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity14391 ( @entity14391 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity14391 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity14391 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 fluctuation and @entity4053 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity453 @entity1 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily XXXX fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in @entity1 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous @entity413 monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity413 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity2299 for the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity413 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity453 @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity453 @entity1 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity413 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity413 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity14391 ( @entity14391 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity14391 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity14391 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 fluctuation and @entity4053 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity453 @entity1 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily @entity413 fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in @entity1 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous XXXX monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity413 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity2299 for the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity413 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity453 @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity453 @entity1 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity413 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity413 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity14391 ( @entity14391 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity14391 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity14391 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 fluctuation and @entity4053 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity453 @entity1 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily @entity413 fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in XXXX receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous @entity413 monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Falls in the elderly leading to closed @entity542 represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in that population, but are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of fall, outcome, and additional risk factors in elderly @entity1 who require cranial computed tomography (CT) scan after a fall. We conducted a retrospective case series of @entity1 age 60 years and older with closed @entity542 secondary to falling who underwent CT scan in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Data were gathered from @entity341 and hospital records. The setting was an urban Level I @entity130 center. Our series consisted of 189 @entity1 , of whom 31 (16%) had an abnormal head CT scan and four (2%) required neurosurgery. @entity131 (38%) and @entity3439 (33%) were the most common lesions seen on CT scan. Falls from standing (76%) were more common than falls on stairs (19%) or from height (5%), but the latter two were more likely to result in an abnormal CT scan (stairs 42%, height 40%). An abnormal neurologic examination was associated with a higher risk of the need for neurosurgery (risk ratio 11.5). We conclude that among elderly @entity1 who fall and present to an @entity341 with evidence of closed @entity542 , a significant percentage will have abnormal CT scans but only a small minority will require neurosurgery. While falls from standing are more common, falls on stairs or from height are associated with a higher risk of having an abnormal CT scan. A focal neurologic examination is a strong predictor of the need for neurosurgical intervention.

title: Elderly @entity1 with closed XXXX after a fall: mechanisms and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral contusions']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: Falls in the elderly leading to closed @entity542 represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in that population, but are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of fall, outcome, and additional risk factors in elderly @entity1 who require cranial computed tomography (CT) scan after a fall. We conducted a retrospective case series of @entity1 age 60 years and older with closed @entity542 secondary to falling who underwent CT scan in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Data were gathered from @entity341 and hospital records. The setting was an urban Level I @entity130 center. Our series consisted of 189 @entity1 , of whom 31 (16%) had an abnormal head CT scan and four (2%) required neurosurgery. @entity131 (38%) and @entity3439 (33%) were the most common lesions seen on CT scan. Falls from standing (76%) were more common than falls on stairs (19%) or from height (5%), but the latter two were more likely to result in an abnormal CT scan (stairs 42%, height 40%). An abnormal neurologic examination was associated with a higher risk of the need for neurosurgery (risk ratio 11.5). We conclude that among elderly @entity1 who fall and present to an @entity341 with evidence of closed @entity542 , a significant percentage will have abnormal CT scans but only a small minority will require neurosurgery. While falls from standing are more common, falls on stairs or from height are associated with a higher risk of having an abnormal CT scan. A focal neurologic examination is a strong predictor of the need for neurosurgical intervention.

title: Elderly XXXX with closed @entity542 after a fall: mechanisms and outcomes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The results of the first cohort of 60 cavity reconstructions with @entity692 with a minimum follow-up period of 15 years were studied. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective study. @entity1 : A total of 60 @entity1 had a follow-up period of >15 years. In four @entity1 , not all data were available. Therefore, 56 @entity1 were included in the study. They had a combination of cavity problems and @entity393 . INTERVENTION: The ear canal was reconstructed with a canal wall prosthesis of porous @entity692 . The ossicular chain was reconstructed with an incus or incus-stapes prosthesis of dense @entity692 . RESULTS: After 15 years, 42 @entity1 (75%) had an intact reconstructed ear canal. The main problem for failure was the recurrent purulent @entity2172 and not @entity3540 . The histology of the retrieved canal wall showed a good remodeling in living bone tissue. After 15 years, 34 @entity1 had a normal ear canal and an ossicular chain. Of these @entity1 , 7.05% had an air-bone gap closure within 20 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results of cavity reconstruction with @entity692 are possible. The main problem is recurrent @entity3137 of the new middle ear-mastoid cleft.

title: Results of cavity reconstruction with XXXX implants after 15 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the causes of bilateral leg @entity4 in a primary care setting, and to determine the ability of primary care providers to arrive at the correct diagnosis using the information available at the initial clinical encounter. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight ambulatory adult @entity1 with bilateral leg @entity4 were enrolled at an inner city family practice during a 3-year period. Historical information, physical examination findings, and clinical impressions of primary care providers were compared with the results of laboratory evaluations consisting of echocardiograms, venous duplex ultrasound leg scans, serum @entity2313 levels, and when appropriate, 24-hour urinalyses. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (78%) completed the study. The initial clinical impression was @entity4096 in 32 (71%) @entity1 and @entity712 in 8 (18%) @entity1 . In actuality, 15 (33%) @entity1 had a @entity299 as a cause of their leg @entity4 , and 19 (42%) had @entity120 . All of the @entity1 with @entity299 , and almost all of those with @entity120 , were age 45 years or older. Only 10 (22%) of the subjects had @entity4096 . Renal conditions, medication use, and @entity4988 were less common. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing clinical information only, many @entity1 with cardiopulmonary pathology were incorrectly diagnosed as having more benign conditions, most commonly @entity4096 . Echocardiographic evaluation, including an estimation of pulmonary artery pressure, may be advisable in many @entity1 with bilateral leg @entity4 , especially if they are at least 45 years old.

title: Etiology and diagnosis of bilateral leg XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: Cells from major types of @entity11 , i.e. @entity3271 and @entity463 , are able to generate action potentials upon a current injection similar to neurons (Patt et al. (1996) Neuroscience, 71, 601-611; Labrakakis et al. (1997b) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 56, 243-254. Here, we report that activation of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors by the selective agonist, @entity4176 , or by @entity2227 itself, depolarized the @entity5 cells in culture and living slices from @entity5 tissue, and can elicit volleys of action potentials, as recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Sixty-six percent of the @entity463 cells, 44% of the astocytoma and 86% of the @entity3271 cells responded to @entity2227 and the specific agonist of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors, @entity4176 . The involvement of non- @entity143 ( @entity1024 ) receptors is further supported by the observation that both @entity4176 and @entity2227 currents were blocked by CNQX ( @entity1023 ). The receptor activation was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic @entity141 , as recorded with a @entity593 microfluorometric system. The @entity141 elevation was mediated by the activation of @entity141 channels due to membrane depolarization. The presence of voltage-gated @entity141 channels was confirmed by patch-clamp experiments. Taken together, these findings imply that the electrophysiological properties of @entity11 cells are more reminiscent of those of neurons than of glial cells.

title: XXXX receptor activation can trigger electrical activity in human @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1023 :: ('MESH:D018750', 'Chemical') :: ['6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: Cells from major types of @entity11 , i.e. @entity3271 and @entity463 , are able to generate action potentials upon a current injection similar to neurons (Patt et al. (1996) Neuroscience, 71, 601-611; Labrakakis et al. (1997b) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 56, 243-254. Here, we report that activation of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors by the selective agonist, @entity4176 , or by @entity2227 itself, depolarized the @entity5 cells in culture and living slices from @entity5 tissue, and can elicit volleys of action potentials, as recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Sixty-six percent of the @entity463 cells, 44% of the astocytoma and 86% of the @entity3271 cells responded to @entity2227 and the specific agonist of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors, @entity4176 . The involvement of non- @entity143 ( @entity1024 ) receptors is further supported by the observation that both @entity4176 and @entity2227 currents were blocked by CNQX ( @entity1023 ). The receptor activation was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic @entity141 , as recorded with a @entity593 microfluorometric system. The @entity141 elevation was mediated by the activation of @entity141 channels due to membrane depolarization. The presence of voltage-gated @entity141 channels was confirmed by patch-clamp experiments. Taken together, these findings imply that the electrophysiological properties of @entity11 cells are more reminiscent of those of neurons than of glial cells.

title: @entity2227 receptor activation can trigger electrical activity in human XXXX cells.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: In most @entity1 duodenal @entity1066 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity1 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . They were treated with @entity4546 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity4546 20 mg every morning or @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity1 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity4546 and 82% for @entity5616 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity4546 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity1 in remission than treatment with @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime.

title: @entity4546 and XXXX in long-term treatment of duodenal @entity1066 : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: In most @entity1 duodenal @entity1066 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity1 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . They were treated with @entity4546 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity4546 20 mg every morning or @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity1 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity4546 and 82% for @entity5616 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity4546 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity1 in remission than treatment with @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime.

title: @entity4546 and @entity5616 in long-term treatment of duodenal XXXX : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: In most @entity1 duodenal @entity1066 is a chronic relapsing disease. If no active maintenance treatment or eradication therapy is given after healing, around 70-100% of @entity1 have a relapse during the first year. We conducted a double-blind multicenter study in 472 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . They were treated with @entity4546 20 mg every morning for four or eight weeks and when healed were randomly allocated to maintenance treatment with either @entity4546 20 mg every morning or @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime for up to six months. The @entity1 were assessed by endoscopy at monthly intervals until healing occurred. Thereafter scheduled endoscopy was carried out after 1, 3, and 6 months of maintenance treatment or immediately in the event of a suspected relapse. Healing status (intention to treat approach) was 87% at four weeks and 93% at eight weeks. At six months the estimated remission rate was 90% for @entity4546 and 82% for @entity5616 (P = 0.03, 95% CI 1-15%). The incidence of adverse events was similar during the two maintenance treatments. Treatment with @entity4546 20 mg every morning maintained significantly more @entity1 in remission than treatment with @entity5616 150 mg at bedtime.

title: XXXX and @entity5616 in long-term treatment of duodenal @entity1066 : a double-blind comparison of length of time in remission.

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['Omeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Colonization of the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes with multi-resistant bacteria, @entity6 and @entity3147 represent potential risk factors for lung transplantation in @entity1577 . We therefore reviewed our experience in this @entity1 population. METHODS: Between December 1988 and March 1997, 219 lung and heart-lung transplantations were performed at our institution. Of these, 39 procedures were done in 35 @entity1 with @entity1577 . All candidates (mean age 26 years) were @entity26 dependent (preoperative mean @entity4095 : 44.8 +/- 9.1 Torr, preoperative mean PCO2: 53.4 +/- 10.5 Torr, one @entity1 on respirator). Of the primary operations, 34 were performed as bilateral sequential lung transplants, one as a heart-lung transplantation. RESULTS: Mean duration on respirator for survivors was 3.1 (1-12) days, mean ICU and hospital stay were 4.7 (1-13) and 28 (12-79) days, respectively. The 3-month mortality rate was 5.7% (two @entity1 died due to acute graft failure on days 36 and 73). Other causes of @entity204 in the follow-up were @entity1779 (one @entity1 ) and chronic graft failure (three @entity1 ). The survival rates were 91% at 1 year, 83% at 3 years and 76% at 5 years. In eight @entity1 , a @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) developed (in four cases grade 3). The freedom of @entity4154 (grade 1 or more) at 1, 3 and 5 years was 87, 79 and 55%, respectively. Four retransplantations were performed. Of the 29 @entity1 alive, only seven are physically limited. CONCLUSION: Bilateral lung transplantation for @entity1577 allows for acceptable early- and long-term results. Postoperative survival is not impaired by @entity281 , @entity6 and @entity3147 . Long-term functional outcome seems to be comparable to lung transplantation in @entity1 without @entity358 .

title: Lung transplantation for XXXX --a single center experience over 8 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['infectious pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity177 and @entity63 are feared complications following @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair, significantly contributing to mortality. This prospective study describes volume- and pressure-controlled perfusion of the @entity8 during @entity2334 surgery. METHODS: In 73 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 59 years), @entity2334 repair (27 type I, 28 type II, 8 type III and 10 type IV) was performed, using retrograde and selective organ perfusion. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity8 with blood creatinine higher than 100 mmol/l. During the thoracic part of the procedure, the mean distal aortic pressure was kept above 60 mm Hg by means of left-heart bypass. After opening the abdominal aorta, the @entity8 were individually perfused by means of perfusion catheters (9 French) in the first 33 @entity1 (group I). Volume flow through each catheter was assessed with ultrasound flow meters and maintained at least at 60 ml/min. In addition to volume flow measurements, catheters with pressure sensors were used in the last 40 @entity1 (group II), allowing pressure-controlled selective perfusion. The extent of the @entity439 was comparable in both groups. RESULTS: Mean cross-clamp time for the thoracic part was 46 min, including proximal @entity254 and reattachment of intercostal arteries. Mean cross-clamp time for the abdominal part was 74 min, including re-implantation of intestinal and renal arteries and selective dacron grafts to the @entity1593 arteries (n = 5), superior mesenteric arteries (n = 8) and renal arteries (n = 25), through which the catheters guaranteed continuous perfusion during the time the @entity254 was performed. Urine output was uninterrupted in all @entity1 , irrespective of cross-clamp time. In group I, one @entity1 (3%) developed @entity177 and three @entity1 (9%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. In group II, no @entity1 developed @entity177 and two @entity1 (5%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen @entity1 with pre-existing @entity8 did not deteriorate. No @entity1 developed @entity63 or multiple-organ failure. Total in-hospital mortality was 6/73 (8%) and was related to @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal and @entity63 can be reduced significantly by continuous perfusion during cross-clamping in @entity2334 repair. Not only sufficient volume flow but also adequate arterial pressure appears to be essential in maintaining renal function.

title: Reduced @entity177 following XXXX repair by selective perfusion.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and visceral arteries', 'renal impairment', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac-axis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['visceral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity177 and @entity63 are feared complications following @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) repair, significantly contributing to mortality. This prospective study describes volume- and pressure-controlled perfusion of the @entity8 during @entity2334 surgery. METHODS: In 73 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 59 years), @entity2334 repair (27 type I, 28 type II, 8 type III and 10 type IV) was performed, using retrograde and selective organ perfusion. Sixteen @entity1 had @entity8 with blood creatinine higher than 100 mmol/l. During the thoracic part of the procedure, the mean distal aortic pressure was kept above 60 mm Hg by means of left-heart bypass. After opening the abdominal aorta, the @entity8 were individually perfused by means of perfusion catheters (9 French) in the first 33 @entity1 (group I). Volume flow through each catheter was assessed with ultrasound flow meters and maintained at least at 60 ml/min. In addition to volume flow measurements, catheters with pressure sensors were used in the last 40 @entity1 (group II), allowing pressure-controlled selective perfusion. The extent of the @entity439 was comparable in both groups. RESULTS: Mean cross-clamp time for the thoracic part was 46 min, including proximal @entity254 and reattachment of intercostal arteries. Mean cross-clamp time for the abdominal part was 74 min, including re-implantation of intestinal and renal arteries and selective dacron grafts to the @entity1593 arteries (n = 5), superior mesenteric arteries (n = 8) and renal arteries (n = 25), through which the catheters guaranteed continuous perfusion during the time the @entity254 was performed. Urine output was uninterrupted in all @entity1 , irrespective of cross-clamp time. In group I, one @entity1 (3%) developed @entity177 and three @entity1 (9%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. In group II, no @entity1 developed @entity177 and two @entity1 (5%) required temporary peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen @entity1 with pre-existing @entity8 did not deteriorate. No @entity1 developed @entity63 or multiple-organ failure. Total in-hospital mortality was 6/73 (8%) and was related to @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal and @entity63 can be reduced significantly by continuous perfusion during cross-clamping in @entity2334 repair. Not only sufficient volume flow but also adequate arterial pressure appears to be essential in maintaining renal function.

title: Reduced XXXX following @entity2334 repair by selective perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity63495 ( @entity63495 ) is a rare form of nonprogressive lateral @entity1315 characterized by partial @entity410 with @entity1650 . The gene predisposing to this syndrome was localized to a 10-cM region on chromosome 10q24. We assessed clinical features and linkage evidence in four newly ascertained families with @entity63495 , to refine the clinical phenotype and confirm the genetic localization. METHODS: We genotyped 41 individuals at seven microsatellite markers spanning the previously defined 10-cM minimal genetic region. We conducted two-point linkage analysis with the ANALYZE computer package, and multipoint parametric and nonparametric linkage analyses as implemented in GENEHUNTER2. RESULTS: In the four families, the number of individuals with @entity3762 ranged from three to nine. @entity302 was focal in all of those with @entity3762 who could be classified. The proportion with auditory symptoms ranged from 67 to 100%. Other @entity1109 also were reported; of these, sensory symptoms were most common. Linkage analysis showed a maximum 2-point LOD score of 1.86 at (theta=0.0 for marker D10S603, and a maximum multipoint LOD score of 2.93. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide strong confirmation of linkage of a gene causing @entity63495 to chromosome 10q24. The results suggest that the susceptibility gene has a differential effect on the lateral temporal lobe, thereby producing the characteristic clinical features described here. Molecular studies aimed at the identification of the causative gene are underway.

title: Four new families with XXXX with auditory features: clinical description and linkage to chromosome 10q24.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['ictal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity63495 :: ('MESH:C537297', 'Disease') :: ['ADPEAF', 'Autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant partial epilepsy']


abstract: The level of maternal mortality appears to be higher in France than in other European countries according to the data collected in the 1995 European survey. We performed a retrospective analysis of severe @entity548 , @entity2099 induced @entity101 , and @entity295 in 1995 in the Lorraine region and reviewed the management scheme used in each case. There was one @entity204 and 223 cases of severe maternal morbidity (110 cases of @entity548 , 105 cases of @entity2099 induced @entity101 , 8 cases of @entity295 ). The frequency of these maternal diseases was an estimated 8 per 1000 births. Ninety percent of the @entity1 (90.7%) were living 7 days after birth. Pregnancy after the age of 35 years, @entity28 , and an intermediate level of vocational training were well-documented high risk factors in the Lorraine area. All of the @entity1 who developed complications had been followed regularly during their @entity2099 . High parity and a scarred uterus were high risk factors for post partum @entity548 . About 45% (45.5%) of the @entity1 were transferred to an emergency unit for intensive care. Pregnancy-induced @entity101 was treated within the normal hospital network, most of the mothers being transferred to a reference center prior to delivery. This retrospective study demonstrates the need for reporting more information on medical records. The data observed improved our knowledge of the prevalence and management of the main causes of direct @entity204 in the Lorraine area. It improved our knowledge on the prevalence and management of the main causes of direct @entity204 in Lorraine area.

title: [Severe complications of XXXX and delivery: the situation in Lorraine based on the European investigation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['maternal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['pregnancy']


abstract: Although glycogen synthase kinase-3 ( @entity22596 ) is but one of more than a thousand distinct @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases present in the @entity1 genome, this enzyme has attracted attention for its role in a diverse range of cellular processes and its positioning at a nexus of several signaling pathways that are important in @entity5 and other @entity1 diseases. The association of @entity22596 with widely different functions, from glycogen metabolism to @entity238 segmentation and slime mold differentiation, was initially perplexing. However, as the context of the biological processes involving this enzyme has been clarified, unifying themes have emerged that begin to explain its pleiotropic nature. Unlike most protein kinases involved in signaling, @entity22596 is active in unstimulated, resting cells. Its activity is inactivated during cellular responses and its substrates therefore tend to be dephosphorylated. As more of these targets have been identified and the effects of their modification by @entity22596 determined, most have been found to be functionally inhibited by @entity22596 . Hence, this kinase appears to act as a general repressor, keeping its targets switched off or inaccessible under resting conditions. The rarity of this form of regulation is perhaps related to the diversity of its targets. Over the past decade, the importance of @entity22596 has been established by three significant properties: its remarkable evolutionary conservation, allowing analysis in genetically tractable organisms; its involvement in the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway; and its inhibition by agonists of the prosurvival @entity4357 3' kinase (P13'K) pathway. This review covers recent advances in understanding the physiological roles of this enzyme, particularly in the context of @entity5 .

title: Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in XXXX : regulation by Wnts and other signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PROBLEM: Expression and hormonal regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their role in blastocyst activation and implantation is poorly known. The present study is aimed at analysing the expression and hormonal modulation of two pro-inflammatory cytokines [ @entity634 ( @entity634 ) and @entity777 ] in @entity19 blastocysts during implantation. METHOD OF STUDY: Blastocyst-uterine interactions are inhibited by @entity1420 during implantation and subsequent treatment with @entity2931 triggers events that allow implantation to begin. Using this delayed implantation @entity19 model, dormant and activated blastocysts were recovered from @entity19 treated with @entity1420 alone and @entity1420 plus @entity2931 therapy, respectively. Expression of @entity634 and @entity777 messenger RNA (mRNA) was analysed in normal, dormant and activated blastocysts by in situ hybridization using specific labelled sense and antisense RNA probes, and the protein expression of the same was analysed by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: In situ hybridization revealed @entity634 and @entity777 mRNA localization in normal, dormant and activated blastocysts and a differential expression was observed in relation to the exposure to @entity1420 and @entity2931 . There was less expression in the dormant blastocysts as compared with the normal and activated ones, and the pattern was similar for both cytokines. Immunocytochemistry also revealed a similar pattern of protein expression to that of the mRNA expression for both the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Using a delayed implantation model, we show that @entity19 blastocysts express both @entity634 and @entity777 mRNA as well as their respective proteins. Both mRNA and the protein levels of @entity634 and @entity777 seem to be hormonally modulated in @entity19 blastocysts during implantation.

title: Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in XXXX blastocysts during implantation: modulation by steroid hormones.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: To investigate whether factors in the fetal or neonatal period influence the risk of later development of @entity66 we conducted a population-based register study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked with the Hospital Discharge Register and identified 3392 singleton @entity1 born in the period 1987-97 who developed @entity66 . Perinatal data for these @entity1 were compared with all @entity1 born in these years. Exposure variables: Maternal age, parity and smoking habits in @entity2099 , @entity1468 , pregnancy duration and birthweight, birthweight by gestational week, Apgar score, neonatal @entity281 , @entity2241 group incompatibility, exchange transfusion, phototherapy. Odds ratios and test-based confidence intervals were calculated. Analyses were made with stratification for year of birth and other risk factors. The risk of developing @entity66 decreased with maternal age and was lower in first-born than in second-born @entity1 . Maternal smoking in @entity2099 was a weak risk factor, as was low birthweight. The most evident risk factors were being exposed to @entity281 (OR = 1.52, confidence limits 1.19: 1.95) and being small for gestational age (OR = 1.45, confidence limits 1.20; 1.75). These risk factors were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the intrauterine environment, mainly as mirrored by a low birthweight for gestational age and, independently, @entity281 diagnosis, is associated with the risk of developing @entity66 , supporting the idea of a multifactorial aetiology of the disease.

title: XXXX is associated with intrauterine growth and @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections', 'neonatal infection', 'icterus, neonatal infections']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal-fetal blood']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac disease']


abstract: To investigate whether factors in the fetal or neonatal period influence the risk of later development of @entity66 we conducted a population-based register study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked with the Hospital Discharge Register and identified 3392 singleton @entity1 born in the period 1987-97 who developed @entity66 . Perinatal data for these @entity1 were compared with all @entity1 born in these years. Exposure variables: Maternal age, parity and smoking habits in @entity2099 , @entity1468 , pregnancy duration and birthweight, birthweight by gestational week, Apgar score, neonatal @entity281 , @entity2241 group incompatibility, exchange transfusion, phototherapy. Odds ratios and test-based confidence intervals were calculated. Analyses were made with stratification for year of birth and other risk factors. The risk of developing @entity66 decreased with maternal age and was lower in first-born than in second-born @entity1 . Maternal smoking in @entity2099 was a weak risk factor, as was low birthweight. The most evident risk factors were being exposed to @entity281 (OR = 1.52, confidence limits 1.19: 1.95) and being small for gestational age (OR = 1.45, confidence limits 1.20; 1.75). These risk factors were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the intrauterine environment, mainly as mirrored by a low birthweight for gestational age and, independently, @entity281 diagnosis, is associated with the risk of developing @entity66 , supporting the idea of a multifactorial aetiology of the disease.

title: @entity66 is associated with intrauterine growth and XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['neonatal infections']


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity1 with @entity5513 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity5 and preservation or improvement of @entity129 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity1 (14 female and 11 male @entity1 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity808 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity5 . Three @entity1 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity21591 was present in all but two @entity1 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity1 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity5 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity5 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity1 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity158 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity1 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity1 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity129 postoperatively. @entity21591 persisted in one of these @entity1 , @entity2359 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity1 . In all @entity1 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity1 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity1 the @entity5 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity129 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity808 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity5 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal XXXX : removal of dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of @entity129 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas', 'trigeminal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'Nineteen tumors', 'extradural tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal nerve dysfunction', 'Fifth nerve sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor dysfunction']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannomas']


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity1 with @entity5513 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity5 and preservation or improvement of @entity129 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity1 (14 female and 11 male @entity1 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity808 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity5 . Three @entity1 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity21591 was present in all but two @entity1 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity1 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity5 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity5 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity1 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity158 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity1 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity1 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity129 postoperatively. @entity21591 persisted in one of these @entity1 , @entity2359 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity1 . In all @entity1 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity1 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity1 the @entity5 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity129 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity808 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity5 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal @entity808 : removal of dumbbell-shaped XXXX through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of @entity129 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity1 with @entity5513 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity5 and preservation or improvement of @entity129 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity1 (14 female and 11 male @entity1 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity808 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity5 . Three @entity1 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity21591 was present in all but two @entity1 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity1 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity5 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity5 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity1 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity158 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity1 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity1 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity129 postoperatively. @entity21591 persisted in one of these @entity1 , @entity2359 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity1 . In all @entity1 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity1 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity1 the @entity5 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity129 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity808 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity5 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal @entity808 : removal of dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve function']


abstract: Food cravings and food aversions are common during pregnancy. A mechanism that may explain these changes in food preference is taste aversion learning. Accordingly, this study examined the temporal association between the first occurrences of @entity390 , @entity391 , food cravings and food aversions during pregnancy. Ninety-nine @entity1 completed a questionnaire that asked about the occurrence, timing of first onset, duration, strength and targets of these symptoms. @entity390 and @entity391 were reported by 80% and 56% of the @entity1 , food cravings and aversions by 61% and 54% respectively. Although more @entity1 experienced both food cravings and aversions than either symptom alone, cravings and aversions were statistically unrelated. There was a significant positive correlation between week of onset of @entity390 and of aversions. In 60% of @entity1 reporting both @entity390 and food aversions, the first occurrence of each happened in the same week of pregnancy. No such association was found for cravings. These retrospective accounts provide good support for taste aversion learning as a mechanism for the development of some but not all food aversions during pregnancy. Prospective data are needed to confirm these temporal relationships and to assist understanding of the emergence of food cravings.

title: Food cravings and aversions during pregnancy: relationships with @entity390 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['nausea', 'Nausea']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: Food cravings and food aversions are common during pregnancy. A mechanism that may explain these changes in food preference is taste aversion learning. Accordingly, this study examined the temporal association between the first occurrences of @entity390 , @entity391 , food cravings and food aversions during pregnancy. Ninety-nine @entity1 completed a questionnaire that asked about the occurrence, timing of first onset, duration, strength and targets of these symptoms. @entity390 and @entity391 were reported by 80% and 56% of the @entity1 , food cravings and aversions by 61% and 54% respectively. Although more @entity1 experienced both food cravings and aversions than either symptom alone, cravings and aversions were statistically unrelated. There was a significant positive correlation between week of onset of @entity390 and of aversions. In 60% of @entity1 reporting both @entity390 and food aversions, the first occurrence of each happened in the same week of pregnancy. No such association was found for cravings. These retrospective accounts provide good support for taste aversion learning as a mechanism for the development of some but not all food aversions during pregnancy. Prospective data are needed to confirm these temporal relationships and to assist understanding of the emergence of food cravings.

title: Food cravings and aversions during pregnancy: relationships with XXXX and @entity391 .

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: We sequenced the protamine P1 gene (ca. 450 bp) from 20 bats (order Chiroptera) and the flying lemur (order Dermoptera). We compared these sequences with published sequences from 19 other mammals representing seven orders (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Cetacea, Perissodactyla, Primates, Proboscidea, and Rodentia) to assess structure, base compositional bias, and phylogenetic utility. Approximately 80% of second codon positions were @entity2774 , resulting in protamine proteins containing a high frequency of @entity369 residues. Our data indicate that codon usage for @entity369 differs among higher @entity1 taxa. Parsimony analysis of 40 species representing nine orders produced a well-resolved tree in which most nodes were supported strongly, except at the lowest taxonomic levels (e.g., within Artiodactyla and Vespertilionidae). These data support monophyly of several taxa proposed by morphologic and molecular studies (all nine orders: Laurasiatheria, Cetartiodactytla, Yangochiroptera, Noctilionoidea, Rhinolophoidea, Vespertilionoidea, Phyllostomidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae) and, in agreement with recent molecular studies, reject monophyly of Archonta, Volitantia, and Microchiroptera. Bats were sister to a clade containing Perissodactyla, Carnivora, and Cetartiodactyla, and, although not unequivocally, rhinolophoid bats (traditional microchiropterans) were sister to megachiropterans. Sequences of the protamine P1 gene are useful for resolving relationships at and above the familial level in bats, and generally within and among @entity1 orders, but with some drawbacks. The coding and intervening sequences are small, producing few phylogenetically informative characters, and aligning the intron is difficult, even among closely related families. Given these caveats, the protamine P1 gene may be important to future systematic studies because its functional and evolutionary constraints differ from other genes currently used in systematic studies.

title: Characterization and phylogenetic utility of the XXXX protamine p1 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Dialysis-related @entity2783 (DRA), such as @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ) and @entity923 ( @entity923 ), occurs in the connective tissues of @entity1 on long-term hemodialysis (HD). Recently, it was suggested that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) modified with AGEs are related to DRA. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether serum levels of @entity23032 , which is an AGE, relate to the occurrence of DRA in @entity1 with long-term HD. 127 @entity454 @entity1 , with @entity5145 or @entity923 and undergoing HD, were examined. Serum @entity23032 was measured by the HPLC method with column switching. @entity2262 and intact parathyroid hormone (i- @entity461 ) were measured. @entity23032 levels were significantly elevated in the @entity5145 , @entity923 , and DRA groups ( @entity1 in the DRA group had either @entity5145 and/or @entity923 ). There were no significant differences in the @entity2262 and i- @entity461 levels between any group. The duration of HD did not correlate with either @entity23032 or @entity2262 levels, but did with i- @entity461 . Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the discriminatory ability of @entity23032 , @entity2262 , and i- @entity461 for DRA. The area under the ROC curve was the greatest for @entity23032 . Serum @entity2262 levels were not related with the occurrence of DRA. The fact that serum @entity23032 was higher in DRA than in non-DRA indicates that it has potential as an indicator of the occurrence of DRA in long-term HD @entity1 .

title: The relationship between XXXX and hemodialysis-related connective tissue disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23032 :: ('CHEBI:59951', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentosidine', 'pentosidine']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin', 'Beta2m', 'beta2m']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['DSA', 'destructive spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity23032 :: (CHEBI:59951,Chemical) :: ['pentosidine']