abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical utility of the first-trimester markers of @entity2007 in their ability to predict @entity3152 . METHODS: We examined 54 722 singleton pregnancies with no @entity2008 and with complete outcome data that had undergone screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and maternal serum free beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( @entity15714 ) at 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The biochemical markers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) of the expected normal median for a pregnancy of the same gestation and the measurements of fetal NT were expressed as the difference (delta) from the normal median NT for crown-rump length. The association between free beta-hCG, @entity15714 and delta NT and the incidence of @entity3152 before 37 weeks or early @entity3152 before 34 weeks was assessed by comparing the relative incidence at a number of MoM or delta NT cut-offs and at various centile cut-offs. At various marker levels the likelihood ratios (LR) for @entity3152 and early @entity3152 were also calculated after excluding other adverse pregnancy complications. RESULTS: The risk of @entity3152 increased with decreasing maternal serum @entity15714 . In the 3132 cases delivering before 37 weeks the @entity15714 MoM was 0.91 and in the 1060 cases delivering before 34 weeks the @entity15714 MoM was 0.90. At the 5th centile of the normal outcome group for @entity15714 (0.415 MoM) the odds ratios for delivery before 37 weeks and before 34 weeks were 1.92 and 2.35, respectively. The respective values for the 5th centile of free beta-hCG (0.41 MoM) were 1.18 and 1.08 and for the 95th centile of delta NT they were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of maternal serum @entity15714 are associated, in the absence of an abnormal karyotype, with an increased risk of preterm or early @entity3152 . The LR profiles provided at various levels of @entity15714 may be of some help in counseling @entity1 with such results and may raise awareness among healthcare professionals for increased surveillance in such cases.

title: First-trimester ultrasound and biochemical markers of @entity2007 and the prediction of preterm or early XXXX .

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity808 of the head and neck. METHOD: The clinical data of 33 @entity1 with @entity808 of the head and neck, from 1980 to 2004, were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. RESULT: The @entity5 of all the cases were totally resected. Thirty of thirty-three cases have been followed up. Twenty-seven cases were fully recovered without any serious complication. One case with @entity5 were died. The other 2 cases were died of other diseases. CONCLUSION: @entity5 resection is still the most effective treatment available for @entity1 with @entity808 of the head and neck. Resection of @entity5 should be performed as soon as possible with careful protection of the function of the nerve. Extensive resection should be performed to treat @entity5 .

title: [Clinical analysis of 33 cases of XXXX of the head and neck].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurilemmomas', 'neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['neurilemmomas']


abstract: Clearly, UA @entity121 is not a major contributing factor to OSA pathogenesis for most @entity1 . Rather, state-dependent reductions in neural drive to UAMs would appear to be a more critical pathogenic mechanism. While there are subtle changes in UA structure and function, there is little evidence to suggest that @entity121 per se is important in OSA. Furthermore, most OSA @entity1 are indeed capable of achieving stable periods of breathing at least part of the night, an effect believed to be importantly mediated via compensation of UA dilator muscles. It is extremely difficult to conceptualize how this may occur if @entity121 were fundamentally important in OSA pathogenesis. Furthermore, disease progression appears to be modest at best and is largely explained by increased @entity1017 . Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that subtle changes in UAM output due to factors such as repeated UA vibration, @entity130 , @entity32 , and @entity519 may contribute to this effect. However, the current evidence would suggest that, if present, most of these changes would appear to be neurogenic rather than truly myopathic in origin. Adaptive processes to preserve UAM function in OSA in spite of these changes also appear to occur. In addition, these apparent changes may be an epiphenomenon rather than functionally important. Finally, some @entity1 may be more vulnerable to UAM weakness with greater consequential functional effects than others, although this remains scarcely studied. Thus, future studies should carefully explore the functional consequences of UAM abnormalities and define which @entity1 , if any, are susceptible to these potentially detrimental effects.

title: Upper airway XXXX is not important in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myopathy']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To better understand the effects of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) on working memory performance. We first examined the construct validity of a working memory task (the 2-Back task) and its relationship to other tests of cognitive functioning, and then determined the effects of positive airway pressure ( @entity2786 ) treatment on measures of both working memory and its related component processes. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with @entity27 were administered cognitive tests of working memory and related subordinate cognitive processes prior to initiation of @entity2786 treatment and at a 3-month follow-up visit. Objective monitors were employed to measure @entity2786 treatment adherence. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine treatment adherence and cognitive performance over time. RESULTS: Performance on the 2-Back task was statistically correlated with both a second working memory task (PASAT) and all subordinate cognitive measures. @entity1 were separated into high and low @entity2786 adherence groups using a median split of 4 hours of @entity2786 use per night. Repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrated that high adherers performed better across time on both tests of working memory (2-Back: F46 = 4.73, p <0.04; PASAT: F46 = 4.92, p <0.04) whereas low adherers performed more poorly. There were no treatment effects for any other cognitive measure. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-Back task demonstrated adequate construct validity as a measurement of working memory in individuals with @entity27 . Our treatment adherence findings suggest that the construct of working memory is more sensitive to the effects @entity27 treatment than are any of its subordinate cognitive processes.

title: Working XXXX : construct validity and treatment effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['memory in obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 50% @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) on the induction doses of @entity1875 and @entity4490 by means of the auditory evoked potentials index (AAI). To evaluate the time to induction of anesthesia. @entity1 AND METHOD: This was a prospective controlled trial in ASA 1-2 @entity1 randomized to 4 groups for administration of @entity1875 in 100% @entity26 (group P1), @entity1875 in a mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 (group P2), thiopental in 100% @entity26 (group T1) or thiopental in a 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 mixture. An AAI monitor was used. Continuous intravenous infusions of 1% @entity1875 or 2.5% thiopental were administered at a rate of 120 mL h(-1) until an AAI of less than 40 (clinical hypnosis) and then an AAI of less than 20 (surgical hypnosis) were obtained. Vital signs, induction doses required to reach an AAI of 40 and of 20, and induction times were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity1 with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 were enrolled. The biological parameters and vital signs were similar in the 4 groups of 40 @entity1 each. The induction doses of thiopental and @entity1875 and the induction times were significantly reduced in the groups in which the mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 was used in comparison with the groups breathing 100% @entity26 , in terms of both AAI target values of 20 and 40 (P<.01). There were no complications in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The doses of both thiopental and @entity1875 are reduced and induction times are shorter when the drugs are administered with a mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 . Monitoring the AAI facilitates the titration of thiopental and @entity1875 dosing during anesthetic induction.

title: [Influence of inhaled XXXX on the induction doses of @entity1875 and thiopental assessed by auditory evoked potentials].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 50% @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) on the induction doses of @entity1875 and @entity4490 by means of the auditory evoked potentials index (AAI). To evaluate the time to induction of anesthesia. @entity1 AND METHOD: This was a prospective controlled trial in ASA 1-2 @entity1 randomized to 4 groups for administration of @entity1875 in 100% @entity26 (group P1), @entity1875 in a mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 (group P2), thiopental in 100% @entity26 (group T1) or thiopental in a 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 mixture. An AAI monitor was used. Continuous intravenous infusions of 1% @entity1875 or 2.5% thiopental were administered at a rate of 120 mL h(-1) until an AAI of less than 40 (clinical hypnosis) and then an AAI of less than 20 (surgical hypnosis) were obtained. Vital signs, induction doses required to reach an AAI of 40 and of 20, and induction times were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity1 with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 were enrolled. The biological parameters and vital signs were similar in the 4 groups of 40 @entity1 each. The induction doses of thiopental and @entity1875 and the induction times were significantly reduced in the groups in which the mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 was used in comparison with the groups breathing 100% @entity26 , in terms of both AAI target values of 20 and 40 (P<.01). There were no complications in any @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The doses of both thiopental and @entity1875 are reduced and induction times are shorter when the drugs are administered with a mixture of 50% @entity3727 and 50% @entity26 . Monitoring the AAI facilitates the titration of thiopental and @entity1875 dosing during anesthetic induction.

title: [Influence of inhaled @entity3810 on the induction doses of XXXX and thiopental assessed by auditory evoked potentials].

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: @entity65 is a leading cause of global mortality, accounting for almost 17 million @entity204 annually or 30% of all global mortality. In developing countries, it causes twice as many @entity204 as @entity645 , @entity311 and @entity1906 combined. It is estimated that about 40-50% of all @entity65 are @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and about 80% of these are caused by @entity1165 . Therefore, about 6 million @entity1164 occur annually due to @entity1165 . The survival rate from sudden @entity1167 is less than 1% worldwide and close to 5% in the US. Prevention of @entity65 by increasing awareness of risk factors such as lack of exercise, inappropriate diet and smoking has reduced cardiovascular mortality in the US over the past few decades. However, there is still a huge @entity65 burden globally as well as in the US. Therefore, there is a need to develop complementary strategies for management of @entity1164 . The data from several trials conclusively indicate that implantable defibrillators improve mortality in @entity1 who have experienced an episode or are at high risk of developing @entity1165 . These devices are reimbursed and are being used frequently in the developed economies for management of @entity5099 . However, due to that low level of public and private health spending in developing economies and the relatively high cost of ICDs, their implant rates are very low there. The Automatic External Defibrillators and Emergency Medical Response Services equipped with AEDs provide complementary as well as alternative opportunities for management of @entity5099 . There are several challenges associated with the adoption of these strategies. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these strategies need to be compared with ICDs to determine the appropriate strategy for various geographies. The global problem of @entity5099 as well as the various options for its management will be discussed in the presentation.

title: Global public health problem of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCDs', 'sudden cardiac deaths', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A city-wide sanitation intervention was started in Salvador, Brazil, in 1997 to improve sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80%. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological effect of this city-wide sanitation programme on @entity294 morbidity in @entity1 less than 3 years of age. METHODS: The investigation was composed of two longitudinal studies done in 1997-98 before the intervention (the sanitation programme) and in 2003-04 after the intervention had been completed. Each study consisted of a cohort of @entity1 (841 in the preintervention study and 1007 in the postintervention study; age 0-36 months at baseline) who were followed up for a maximum of 8 months. @entity1 were sampled from 24 sentinel areas that were randomly chosen to represent the range of environmental conditions in the study site. At the start of each study an individual or household questionnaire was applied by trained fieldworkers; an environmental survey was done in each area before and after introduction of the sanitation programme to assess basic neighbourhood and household sanitation conditions. Daily @entity294 data were obtained during home visits twice per week. The effect of the intervention was estimated by a hierarchical modelling approach fitting a sequence of multivariate regression models. FINDINGS: @entity294 prevalence fell by 21% (95% CI 18-25%)-from 9.2 (9.0-9.5) days per @entity1 -year before the intervention to 7.3 (7.0-7.5) days per @entity1 -year afterwards. After adjustment for baseline sewerage coverage and potential confounding variables, we estimated an overall prevalence reduction of 22% (19-26%). INTERPRETATION: Our results show that urban sanitation is a highly effective health measure that can no longer be ignored, and they provide a timely support for the launch of 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation.

title: Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on reduction in rate of childhood XXXX in northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: In order to identify potential alternative sources of urease for the removal of @entity1133 from alcoholic beverages, 205 strains of @entity880 bacteria belonging to 27 different species were screened for urease production. Only @entity5858 produced urease. Cell permeabilization with @entity8336 allowed to increase activity significantly. Optimal pH for urease activity in whole and permeabilized cells and of cell free extracts differed slightly, but was in the range 6.0-7.0. Significant activity was retained at pH 3.0 and 8.0, and, for cell free extracts, at pH 4.0 in the presence of @entity1068 . Urease production was evaluated in fermentations with pH control (5.25-6.5) and without pH control. Very little urease was produced in absence of @entity1133 , which at 5g/l slowed growth significantly in fermentations without pH control, but prevented a decrease in pH below 5.1 and resulted in higher final biomass. Optimal pH for growth was between 6.0 and 6.5 but specific urease activity was higher for fermentations at low pH at the beginning of the exponential phase. However, a higher total urease activity was obtained at pH 6.0 and 6.5 because of higher biomass. Potential technological applications of urease production by @entity5859 are discussed.

title: Urease production by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']

answer: @entity5858 :: (1308,Species) :: ['Streptococcus thermophilus']


abstract: @entity5689 present in immune cells may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, using @entity5689 -null ( @entity3895 -1(-/-)) @entity19 , we addressed the role of @entity5689 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in regulating PMN activation-mediated @entity651 . In lungs of wild-type ( @entity3895 -1(+/+)) @entity19 perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit solution, addition of @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs (4 x 10(6) cells) into the perfusate followed by their activation with @entity5037 ( @entity5038 , 1.0 muM) plus platelet-activating factor (1.0 nM) increased pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficient by 150% and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio by 50% as well as PMN accumulation in lungs. These responses were markedly reduced in lungs perfused with @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs followed by addition of the same activating agents. @entity5038 -stimulated adhesion of @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and migration of @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs across endothelial monolayers were also impaired compared with @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs. @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs showed 50-80% reduction in PMA- or @entity5038 -stimulated @entity224 production compared with @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs. In addition, @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs had decreased migratory activity (50%) and adhesion to fibrinogen (40%) in response to @entity5038 . @entity5180 and Rac2 were activated in @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs after stimulation of @entity5038 but not in @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs. Exogenous expression of @entity5689 in COS-phox cells augmented the @entity5038 -induced @entity5180 activation and @entity224 production, indicating a direct role of @entity5689 in the mechanism of @entity224 production. Thus @entity5689 expression in PMNs plays a key role in mediating PMN activation, adhesion, and transendothelial migration and in PMN activation-induced @entity55 and @entity1317 .

title: Neutrophil XXXX expression contributes to mechanism of @entity55 and injury.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-Met-Leu-Phe']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['caveolin-1']


abstract: @entity5689 present in immune cells may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, using @entity5689 -null ( @entity3895 -1(-/-)) @entity19 , we addressed the role of @entity5689 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in regulating PMN activation-mediated @entity651 . In lungs of wild-type ( @entity3895 -1(+/+)) @entity19 perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit solution, addition of @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs (4 x 10(6) cells) into the perfusate followed by their activation with @entity5037 ( @entity5038 , 1.0 muM) plus platelet-activating factor (1.0 nM) increased pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficient by 150% and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio by 50% as well as PMN accumulation in lungs. These responses were markedly reduced in lungs perfused with @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs followed by addition of the same activating agents. @entity5038 -stimulated adhesion of @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and migration of @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs across endothelial monolayers were also impaired compared with @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs. @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs showed 50-80% reduction in PMA- or @entity5038 -stimulated @entity224 production compared with @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs. In addition, @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs had decreased migratory activity (50%) and adhesion to fibrinogen (40%) in response to @entity5038 . @entity5180 and Rac2 were activated in @entity3895 -1(+/+) PMNs after stimulation of @entity5038 but not in @entity3895 -1(-/-) PMNs. Exogenous expression of @entity5689 in COS-phox cells augmented the @entity5038 -induced @entity5180 activation and @entity224 production, indicating a direct role of @entity5689 in the mechanism of @entity224 production. Thus @entity5689 expression in PMNs plays a key role in mediating PMN activation, adhesion, and transendothelial migration and in PMN activation-induced @entity55 and @entity1317 .

title: Neutrophil @entity5689 expression contributes to mechanism of XXXX and injury.

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['lung inflammation']


abstract: The adaptive behavior of @entity1 beings is usually supported by rapid monitoring of outstanding events in the environment. Some investigators have suggested that a primary @entity71 might trigger symptoms of @entity161 . In addition, researchers have long discussed the relationship between @entity161 and the @entity716 ( @entity716 ). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to investigate attention performance of @entity1 with both disorders. @entity1 age was 18 to 60 years, and all @entity1 had received formal schooling for at least four years. @entity1 were excluded if they had any @entity262 with neurologic or @entity146 comorbidity, or a history of brain surgery. The computer-assisted TAVIS-2R test was applied to all @entity1 and to a control group to evaluate and discriminate between selective, alternating and sustained attention. The TAVIS-2R test is divided into three parts: one for selective attention (5 min), the second for alternating attention (5 min), and the third for the evaluation of vigilance or sustained attention (10 min). The same computer software was used for statistical analysis of reaction time, omission errors, and commission errors. The sample consisted of 36 @entity1 with @entity161 , 28 with interictal @entity716 , and 47 healthy controls. The results of the selective attention tests for both @entity1 groups were significantly lower than that for controls. The @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 performed differently in the alternating and sustained attention tests: @entity1 with @entity716 had alternating @entity71 , whereas @entity1 with @entity161 showed @entity71 . These quantitative results confirmed the qualitative clinical observations for both @entity1 groups, that is, that @entity1 with @entity161 had @entity4764 in focusing attention, whereas those with @entity302 showed perseveration in attention focus.

title: Attention in XXXX and in @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in sustained attention', 'attention deficit', 'attention deficits']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy', 'SLPE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The adaptive behavior of @entity1 beings is usually supported by rapid monitoring of outstanding events in the environment. Some investigators have suggested that a primary @entity71 might trigger symptoms of @entity161 . In addition, researchers have long discussed the relationship between @entity161 and the @entity716 ( @entity716 ). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to investigate attention performance of @entity1 with both disorders. @entity1 age was 18 to 60 years, and all @entity1 had received formal schooling for at least four years. @entity1 were excluded if they had any @entity262 with neurologic or @entity146 comorbidity, or a history of brain surgery. The computer-assisted TAVIS-2R test was applied to all @entity1 and to a control group to evaluate and discriminate between selective, alternating and sustained attention. The TAVIS-2R test is divided into three parts: one for selective attention (5 min), the second for alternating attention (5 min), and the third for the evaluation of vigilance or sustained attention (10 min). The same computer software was used for statistical analysis of reaction time, omission errors, and commission errors. The sample consisted of 36 @entity1 with @entity161 , 28 with interictal @entity716 , and 47 healthy controls. The results of the selective attention tests for both @entity1 groups were significantly lower than that for controls. The @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity716 performed differently in the alternating and sustained attention tests: @entity1 with @entity716 had alternating @entity71 , whereas @entity1 with @entity161 showed @entity71 . These quantitative results confirmed the qualitative clinical observations for both @entity1 groups, that is, that @entity1 with @entity161 had @entity4764 in focusing attention, whereas those with @entity302 showed perseveration in attention focus.

title: Attention in @entity161 and in XXXX .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['epileptic psychosis']


abstract: The SOS-induced DNA polymerases II and IV (pol II and pol IV, respectively) of @entity526 play important roles in processing lesions that occur in genomic DNA. Here we study how electrostatic and steric effects play different roles in influencing the efficiency and fidelity of DNA synthesis by these two enzymes. These effects were probed by the use of nonpolar shape analogues of @entity1014 , in which substituted @entity70804 replace the polar @entity6244 base. We compared @entity6244 with nonpolar analogues to evaluate the importance of @entity3884 bonding in the polymerase active sites, while we used comparisons among a set of variably sized @entity6244 analogues to measure the role of steric effects in the two enzymes. Steady-state kinetics measurements were carried out to evaluate activities for @entity377 insertion and extension. The results showed that both enzymes inserted nucleotides opposite nonpolar template bases with moderate to low efficiency, suggesting that both polymerases benefit from @entity3884 bonding or other electrostatic effects involving the template base. Surprisingly, however, pol II inserted nonpolar @entity377 ( @entity42636 ) analogues into a primer strand with high (wild-type) efficiency, while pol IV handled them with an extremely low efficiency. Base pair extension studies showed that both enzymes bypass non- @entity3884 -bonding template bases with moderately low efficiency, suggesting a possible beneficial role of minor groove @entity3884 bonding interactions at the N-1 position. Measurement of the two polymerases' sensitivity to steric size changes showed that both enzymes were relatively flexible, yielding only small kinetic differences with increases or decreases in @entity377 size. Comparisons are made to recent data for DNA pol I (Klenow fragment), the archaeal polymerase Dpo4, and @entity1 @entity20700 .

title: Steric and electrostatic effects in DNA synthesis by the SOS-induced DNA polymerases II and IV of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity70804 :: ('CHEBI:27024', 'Chemical') :: ['toluenes']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been widely used by ophthalmologists in the diagnosis/monitoring of various @entity989 . It is believed that fundus AF is derived from lipofuscin in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) cells; however, direct clinicopathological correlation has not been possible in @entity1 . We examined fundus AF by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and confocal microscopy in normal C57BL/6 @entity19 of different ages. Increasingly strong AF signals were observed with age in the neuroretina and subretinal/ @entity989 layer by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Unlike fundus AF detected in normal @entity1 subjects, @entity19 fundus AF appeared as discrete foci distributed throughout the retina. Most of the AF signals in the neuroretina were distributed around retinal vessels. Confocal microscopy of retinal and choroid/ @entity989 flat mounts demonstrated that most of the AF signals were derived from @entity9271 + perivascular and subretinal microglia. An age-dependent accumulation of @entity9271 + microglia at the subretinal space was observed. Lipofuscin granules were detected in large numbers in subretinal microglia by electron microscopy. The number of AF+ microglia and the amount of AF granules/cell increased with age. AF granules/lipofuscin were also observed in @entity989 cells in @entity19 older than 12 months, but the number of AF+ @entity989 cells was very low (1.48 mm(-2) and 5.02 mm(-2) for 12 and 24 months, respectively) compared to the number of AF+ microglial cells (20.63 mm(-2) and 76.36 mm(-2) for 6 and 24 months, respectively). The fluorescence emission fingerprints of AF granules in subretinal microglia were the same as those in @entity989 cells. Our observation suggests that perivascular and subretinal microglia are the main cells producing lipofuscin in normal aged @entity19 retina and are responsible for in vivo fundus AF. Microglia may play an important role in retinal aging and age-related @entity989 .

title: Age-dependent accumulation of lipofuscin in perivascular and subretinal microglia in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders', 'retinal pigment epithelial', 'RPE', 'retinal diseases']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1620 in @entity879 ( @entity879 ) is a rare occurrence after successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Reuse of the liver graft may be considered. We report a successful OLT using such an organ in a 62-yr-old @entity1 with hematochromatosis-related @entity82 and @entity157 . METHODS: Liver donor was 56-yr-old @entity1 with normal liver function tests. First recipient was a 26-yr-old @entity1 with an @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . Before OLT, she developed progressive @entity772 without obvious @entity2657 on the cerebral CT-scan. The transplantation proceeded as planned and was uneventful. However, @entity1 exhibited bilateral non-reactive mydriasis during postoperative hours and was declared @entity1620 . Transplanted liver was functioning adequately. Its reuse was discussed with her family and the second recipient. After informed consent, the transplanted liver and heart were harvested. First and second liver cold @entity63 times were 10 h and 75 min, respectively. RESULTS: Second recipient recovered uneventful and discharged 23 d after OLT. Liver function is still normal 30 months after OLT without rejection or @entity157 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Even after OLT, @entity1620 remains possible in @entity879 . In absence of contraindications, reuse of transplanted liver allows for a rational use of already rare liver grafts.

title: Reuse of liver graft from a XXXX recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain dead', 'brain death', 'Brain death']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain dead']


abstract: Green pit viper bite is a common public health problem in Southeast Asia. Although most @entity1 experience only local swelling, some may suffer from severe systemic @entity548 that can be delayed. Venom antigenaemia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with clinical findings in 42 @entity1 . Initial venom antigenaemia was not predictive enough for clinical uses. A kinetic study (n = 27) showed highest levels at presentation and, then, progressive decline. The average half-life was 27.5 h during the first three days and over 50 h on days 5-7 after bite. Two small subsets (7.4% each) showed persistently detectable venom on day 14 and a subsequent rise in venom antigenaemia. They were associated with prolonged thrombocytopaenia and @entity1003 , respectively. These data demonstrated the long half-life of the venom, suggesting that waiting for spontaneous resolution of @entity1003 is not preferable. In addition, the delayed venom disappearance, not the initial values, was correlated with @entity74 .

title: Green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris and T. macrops) venom antigenaemia and kinetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the radio-pathological features of @entity10070 . METHOD: Forty six consecutive @entity1 from January 2000 to August 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital with pathologic features of epithelioid cell @entity738 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: All the cases were confirmed by pathological findings consistent with sarciodosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed that, the differential count of lymphocytes was 0.47 +/- 0.18, and the @entity1050 (4)/ @entity1050 (8) ratio was 6.63 +/- 4.51. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme level was (47 +/- 16) U/L. Chest computed tomography scan showed @entity3018 (33%, 12/46), well circumscribed pulmonary nodules (35%, 16/46) distributed randomly or along the bronchovascular bundle, patchy areas of alveolar consolidation (28%, 13/46), and bilateral ground glass infiltrations (11%, 5/46). Open lung biopsy, video-assistant thoracoscopic biopsy or mediastinoscopic biopsy were performed in 13 @entity1 , and percutaneous lung biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy in 33 @entity1 . The characteristic pathologic finding was noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity738 , which were embedded in the substance of hyalinization. The @entity738 were distributed around blood vessels, lymphatics, or in the bronchial submucosa. @entity1333 was noted in some cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity370 can be proposed by clinico-radiologic and BAL fluid findings. However, histologic evidence of noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity738 and the therapeutic efficacy of glucocorticoids are essential to the final diagnosis.

title: [Radio-pathological manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity10070 :: (MESH:D017565,Disease) :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']


abstract: The bystander effect occurs when cells which are not directly exposed to radiation, but which receive signals from irradiated cells, respond as though they were irradiated. An X-ray induced bystander effect has been demonstrated in @entity5660 gills. Therefore, a proteomic comparison was made of gills from X-ray treated trout and trout exposed to X-ray induced bystander signals. 2-D gel analysis revealed X-ray exposure increased the expression of the @entity5 related protein annexin II. The proteomic changes associated with the bystander effect differed from those associated with direct radiation exposure. Expression of a hemopexin-like protein, Rho @entity3006 dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) and @entity2388 dehydrogenase (PDH) were increased. These proteins possess protective properties against reactive @entity26 damage (a component of the bystander signal), regulate epithelial polarity and prevent @entity880 acidosis, respectively. There was also evidence for an increase in chromosome 1 @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) protein turnover, which could suggest the protective response is transcriptionally regulated. The freshwater fish gill is a polarised barrier, separating against an external @entity2421 environment. Since the maintenance of epithelial polarity is vital to gill function, these bystander effect proteomic changes could collectively protect the structural, functional and intracellular integrity of gill epithelia.

title: Evidence for a protective response by the gill proteome of XXXX exposed to X-ray induced bystander signals.

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['SCAF', 'SR-like CTD-associated factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: AIMS: Decreased total compliance of the pulmonary vascular bed is associated with increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ). We investigated whether proximal pulmonary artery stiffness, in terms of area distensibility and noninvasively assessed relative area change (RAC), calculated as relative cross-sectional area change, predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity120 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-six subjects underwent right-heart catheterization and MRI to assess area distensibility and RAC. @entity1 were followed up to 48 months. Kaplan-Meier plot and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed the predictive value of area distensibility and RAC. In 70 @entity1 , the diagnosis @entity120 was confirmed, and 16 subjects served as control subjects. In comparison with control subjects, proximal pulmonary arteries of @entity1 were distended (685 +/- 214 mm2 vs 411 +/- 153 mm2, p < 0.001), less distensible (area distensibility = 0.46 +/- 0.38.10(-2) mm Hg(-1) vs 3.69 +/- 1.96.10(-2) mm Hg(-1), p < 0.0001), and RAC was smaller (20 +/- 10% vs 58 +/- 21%, p < 0.0001) [mean +/- SD]. RAC showed an inverse curvilinear relation with mean pulmonary artery pressure (R2 = 0.47). Eighteen @entity1 (26%) died because of cardiopulmonary causes. @entity1 with a pulmonary artery RAC <or= 16% had a worse prognosis than those with a value > 16% (log-rank p < 0.001). RAC predicted mortality better than area distensibility. CONCLUSION: Noninvasively measured pulmonary artery RAC predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity120 .

title: Noninvasively assessed pulmonary artery stiffness predicts XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'PAH']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: We demonstrate a novel nonintrusive technique based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to investigate @entity1 sinuses in vivo. The technique relies on the fact that free gases have spectral imprints that are about 10.000 times sharper than spectral structures of the surrounding tissue. Two gases are detected; molecular @entity26 at 760 nm and water vapor at 935 nm. Light is launched fiber optically into the tissue in close proximity to the particular maxillary sinus under study. When investigating the frontal sinuses, the fiber is positioned onto the caudal part of the frontal bone. Multiply scattered light in both cases is detected externally by a handheld probe. Molecular @entity26 is detected in the maxillary sinuses on 11 volunteers, of which one had constantly recurring sinus problems. Significant @entity26 absorption imprint differences can be observed between different volunteers and also left-right asymmetries. Water vapor can also be detected, and by normalizing the @entity26 signal on the water vapor signal, the sinus @entity26 concentration can be assessed. Gas exchange between the sinuses and the nasal cavity is also successfully demonstrated by flushing @entity1568 through the nostril. Advantages over current ventilation assessment methods using ionizing radiation are pointed out.

title: Gas monitoring in XXXX sinuses using tunable diode laser spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9 resulting from @entity66 of peripheral nerves is not well understood and difficult to treat. Although CNS hyperexcitability is a critical component, recent findings challenge the neuron-centric view of @entity9 etiology and pathology. Indeed, glial cells were shown to play an active role in the initiation and maintenance of pain @entity56 . However, the origins of these cells and the triggers that induce their activation have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that, after @entity1897 induced by a partial ligation on the sciatic nerve, in addition to activation of microglia resident to the CNS, hematogenous macrophage/monocyte infiltrate the spinal cord, proliferate, and differentiate into microglia. Signaling from chemokine @entity1750 ( @entity1750 , @entity1750 ) to its receptor @entity13766 is critical in the spinal microglial activation. Indeed, intrathecal injection of @entity1750 caused activation of microglia in wild-type but not in @entity13766 -deficient @entity19 . Furthermore, treatment with an @entity1750 neutralizing antibody prevented bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM) infiltration into the spinal cord after @entity128 . In addition, using selective knock-out of @entity13766 in resident microglia or BMDM, we found that, although total @entity13766 knock-out @entity19 did not develop microglial activation or mechanical @entity1931 , @entity13766 expression in either resident microglia or BMDM is sufficient for the development of mechanical @entity1931 . Thus, to effectively relieve @entity9 , both CNS resident microglia and blood-borne macrophages need to be targeted. These findings also open the door for a novel therapeutic strategy: to take advantage of the natural ability of bone marrow-derived cells to infiltrate selectively affected CNS regions by using these cells as vehicle for targeted drug delivery to inhibit @entity56 and @entity1118 .

title: Expression of XXXX in both resident and bone marrow-derived microglia plays a critical role in @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['damage to or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'CCL2', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity13766 :: (12772(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CCR2']


abstract: @entity9 resulting from @entity66 of peripheral nerves is not well understood and difficult to treat. Although CNS hyperexcitability is a critical component, recent findings challenge the neuron-centric view of @entity9 etiology and pathology. Indeed, glial cells were shown to play an active role in the initiation and maintenance of pain @entity56 . However, the origins of these cells and the triggers that induce their activation have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that, after @entity1897 induced by a partial ligation on the sciatic nerve, in addition to activation of microglia resident to the CNS, hematogenous macrophage/monocyte infiltrate the spinal cord, proliferate, and differentiate into microglia. Signaling from chemokine @entity1750 ( @entity1750 , @entity1750 ) to its receptor @entity13766 is critical in the spinal microglial activation. Indeed, intrathecal injection of @entity1750 caused activation of microglia in wild-type but not in @entity13766 -deficient @entity19 . Furthermore, treatment with an @entity1750 neutralizing antibody prevented bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM) infiltration into the spinal cord after @entity128 . In addition, using selective knock-out of @entity13766 in resident microglia or BMDM, we found that, although total @entity13766 knock-out @entity19 did not develop microglial activation or mechanical @entity1931 , @entity13766 expression in either resident microglia or BMDM is sufficient for the development of mechanical @entity1931 . Thus, to effectively relieve @entity9 , both CNS resident microglia and blood-borne macrophages need to be targeted. These findings also open the door for a novel therapeutic strategy: to take advantage of the natural ability of bone marrow-derived cells to infiltrate selectively affected CNS regions by using these cells as vehicle for targeted drug delivery to inhibit @entity56 and @entity1118 .

title: Expression of @entity13766 in both resident and bone marrow-derived microglia plays a critical role in XXXX .

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: RATIONALE: The goal for @entity378 ( @entity378 ) elimination in the United States is a @entity378 disease incidence of less than 1 per million U.S. population by 2010, which requires that the @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) prevalence be less than 1% and decreasing. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of @entity9178 in the U.S. population. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: Interviews and medical examinations, including @entity272 ( @entity272 ), of 7,386 individuals were conducted in 1999-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. @entity9178 was defined as a @entity272 measurement of >/=10 mm. Associations of age, race/ethnicity, sex, poverty, and birthplace were assessed. Results among the 24- to 74-year-old subgroup were compared with NHANES 1971-1972 data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estimated @entity9178 prevalence was 4.2%; an estimated 11,213,000 individuals had @entity9178 . Among 25- to 74-year-olds, prevalence decreased from 14.3% in 1971-1972 to 5.7% in 1999-2000. Higher prevalences were seen in the foreign born (18.7%), non-Hispanic blacks/African Americans (7.0%), Mexican Americans (9.4%), and individuals living in poverty (6.1%). A total of 63% of @entity9178 was among the foreign born. Among the U.S. born, after adjusting for confounding factors, @entity9178 was associated with non-Hispanic African-American race/ethnicity, Mexican American ethnicity, and poverty. A total of 25.5% of @entity1 with @entity9178 had been previously diagnosed as having @entity9178 or @entity378 , and only 13.2% had been prescribed treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to basic @entity378 control measures, elimination strategies should include targeted evaluation and treatment of individuals in high-prevalence groups, as well as enhanced support for global @entity378 prevention and control.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the United States population: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2000.

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent TB infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin testing', 'TST']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite rigorous efforts, @entity2553 remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 who survive their initial @entity510 . In cases of @entity1756 associated with @entity2553 , we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an @entity439 and intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 , which continued during the entire procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity1756 associated with @entity2553 who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 (1-2 mg within 10-15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the @entity439 with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 at a dose of 1 mg per hour. RESULTS: Angiography showed severe proximal @entity2553 in 1 @entity1 , proximal and distal in 3 @entity1 , and distal in 3 @entity1 . There was also moderate proximal @entity2553 in 4 @entity1 , proximal and distal in 1 @entity1 , and distal in 1 @entity1 . Complete occlusion of the @entity439 was achieved in 5 @entity1 , incomplete occlusion in 3 @entity1 , and a small neck remnant in 2 @entity1 . Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal @entity2473 in 4 @entity1 , and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 @entity1 . Mean initial dose of @entity3931 was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of @entity3931 occurred. CONCLUSION: In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in @entity1 with a ruptured @entity439 and associated @entity2553 . This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the @entity439 and @entity2553 in a single step.

title: Continuous intra-arterial infusion of XXXX during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with @entity2553 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'intracranial ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity3931 :: (MESH:D009553,Chemical) :: ['nimodipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite rigorous efforts, @entity2553 remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 who survive their initial @entity510 . In cases of @entity1756 associated with @entity2553 , we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an @entity439 and intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 , which continued during the entire procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity1756 associated with @entity2553 who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 (1-2 mg within 10-15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the @entity439 with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 at a dose of 1 mg per hour. RESULTS: Angiography showed severe proximal @entity2553 in 1 @entity1 , proximal and distal in 3 @entity1 , and distal in 3 @entity1 . There was also moderate proximal @entity2553 in 4 @entity1 , proximal and distal in 1 @entity1 , and distal in 1 @entity1 . Complete occlusion of the @entity439 was achieved in 5 @entity1 , incomplete occlusion in 3 @entity1 , and a small neck remnant in 2 @entity1 . Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal @entity2473 in 4 @entity1 , and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 @entity1 . Mean initial dose of @entity3931 was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of @entity3931 occurred. CONCLUSION: In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in @entity1 with a ruptured @entity439 and associated @entity2553 . This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the @entity439 and @entity2553 in a single step.

title: Continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity3931 during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) represent one of the most dangerous types of intracranial AV shunts. Most of them are cured by @entity455 , but surgery/radiosurgery can be required in case of failure. Our goal was to reconsider the endovascular treatment strategy according to the new possibilities of @entity1416 using non polymerizing liquid embolic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were included in a prospective study during the interval between July 2003 and November 2006. Ten of these had type II, 8 had type III, and 12 had type IV @entity292 . Sixteen presented with @entity548 . Five had been treated previously with other embolic materials. RESULTS: Complete angiographic cure was obtained in 24 cases. Of these 24 cures, 20 were achieved after a single procedure. Cures were achieved in 23 of 25 @entity1 who had not been embolized previously and in only 1 of 5 previously embolized @entity1 . Among these 24 @entity1 , 23 underwent a follow-up angiography, which has confirmed the complete cure. Partial occlusion was obtained in 6 @entity1 , 2 were cured after additional surgery, and 2 underwent radiosurgery. Onyx volume injected per procedure ranged from 0.5 to 12.2 mL (mean, 2.45 mL). Rebleeding occurred in 1 completely cured @entity1 at day 2 due to draining vein @entity715 . One @entity1 had @entity129 that resolved. Two ethmoidal @entity2457 were occluded. All 10 of the @entity1 with @entity50 and then CVR drainage were cured. CONCLUSION: Based on this experience, we believe that Onyx may be the treatment of choice for many @entity1 with intracranial @entity2457 (ICDAVF) with direct cortical @entity1211 (CVR). The applicability of this new embolic agent indicates the need for reconsideration of the global treatment strategy for such @entity292 .

title: Endovascular treatment of intracranial XXXX with cortical venous drainage: new management using Onyx.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial or venous embolization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'dural arteriovenous fistula', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the overall survival of @entity1 with brain metastases due to @entity0 and to identify prognostic factors that affect clinical outcome. METHODS: Of the 7,872 @entity0 @entity1 histologically diagnosed with @entity0 between January 1990 and July 2006 at the Asan Medical Center, 198 @entity1 with solitary or multiple brain metastases were included in this retrospective study. Central nervous system (CNS) lesions were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). @entity1 with leptomeningeal or dural metastases without co-existent parenchymal metastatic lesions were excluded in this study. We reviewed the medical records and pathologic data of these 198 @entity1 to characterize the clinical features and outcomes. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 at the diagnosis of brain metastases was 45 years (range 26-78 years). Fifty-five @entity1 (28%) had a single brain @entity3 , whereas 143 (72%) had more than two metastases. A total of 157 (79.2%) @entity1 received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). A total of 7 (3.6%) @entity1 underwent resection of solitary brain metastases, 22 (11%) @entity1 underwent gamma-knife surgery, three @entity1 underwent intrathecal chemotherapy (1.5%) and 9 (4.6%) @entity1 received no treatment. The overall median survival time was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.7-6.5 months) and 23.1% of the @entity1 survived for more than 1 year. The median overall survival time was 5.4 months for @entity1 treated with WBRT, 14.9 months for @entity1 treated with surgery or gamma-knife surgery only, and 2.1 months for @entity1 who received no treatment (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (relative risk (RR) = 0.704, 95% CI 0.482-1.028, P = 0.069), number of brain metastases (RR = 0.682, 95% CI 0.459-1.014, P = 0.058), treatment modalities (RR = 1.686, 95% CI 1.022-2.781, P = 0.041), and systemic chemotherapy after brain metastases (RR = 1.871, 95% CI 1.353-2.586, P < 0.001) were independent factors associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Although survival of @entity0 @entity1 with brain metastases was generally short, the performance status, number of brain metastases, treatment modalities and systemic chemotherapy after brain metastases were significantly associated with survival. @entity1 with single-brain @entity3 and good performance status deserve aggressive treatment. The characteristics of initial primary breast lesions did not affect survival after brain @entity3 .

title: Brain metastases in XXXX : prognostic factors and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity5419 have increased significantly in the past decade. An accurate history is crucial in approaching the management. At the outset, food intolerance must be distinguished from @entity5419 and, furthermore, these @entity566 should be classified into either an IgE, Non-IgE, or a mixed response. The clinical features vary from life-threatening @entity2021 to milder IgE-mediated responses, @entity483 , and @entity344 . The severity of the reaction and the potential risk for @entity2021 on reexposure should be assessed. Milk, soy, egg, @entity3505 , and @entity16244 are common in @entity1 , whereas peanut, tree nut, fish, shell fish @entity566 , and @entity566 to fruits and vegetables are common in adults. Structural proteins are important determinants of the severity of the reactions and may often predict the natural history and cross reactivity. Diagnostic work up must be guided by the clinical history. Skin testing and food-specific IgE done by standard methods are very useful, whereas oral challenges may be indicated in some situations. Majority of the @entity1 outgrow their @entity566 to milk, soy, egg, and @entity3505 , and some to peanut also, therefore, @entity1 should be periodically reassessed. Novel diagnostic techniques which detect specific allergenic epitopes have been developed. Several newer therapies are promising.

title: XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['Food allergies', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity16244 :: ('MESH:D021183', 'Disease') :: ['peanut allergies']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['Food allergy overview']


abstract: @entity5419 have increased significantly in the past decade. An accurate history is crucial in approaching the management. At the outset, food intolerance must be distinguished from @entity5419 and, furthermore, these @entity566 should be classified into either an IgE, Non-IgE, or a mixed response. The clinical features vary from life-threatening @entity2021 to milder IgE-mediated responses, @entity483 , and @entity344 . The severity of the reaction and the potential risk for @entity2021 on reexposure should be assessed. Milk, soy, egg, @entity3505 , and @entity16244 are common in @entity1 , whereas peanut, tree nut, fish, shell fish @entity566 , and @entity566 to fruits and vegetables are common in adults. Structural proteins are important determinants of the severity of the reactions and may often predict the natural history and cross reactivity. Diagnostic work up must be guided by the clinical history. Skin testing and food-specific IgE done by standard methods are very useful, whereas oral challenges may be indicated in some situations. Majority of the @entity1 outgrow their @entity566 to milk, soy, egg, and @entity3505 , and some to peanut also, therefore, @entity1 should be periodically reassessed. Novel diagnostic techniques which detect specific allergenic epitopes have been developed. Several newer therapies are promising.

title: @entity5419 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Bladder @entity158 is a difficult condition to treat. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of various complementary therapies available for treatment. METHODS: This review was conducted in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Citations were retrieved using a comprehensive database search (from inception to July 2014: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline and SIGEL and grey literature). Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Eligibility consisted of @entity1 with bladder @entity158 , an intervention of alternative/complementary therapies and an outcome of improvement of symptoms. Information regarding study characteristics and primary outcomes was collated. The Cochrane risk of bias scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included. RESULTS: A total of 1,454 citations were identified, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (4 @entity23 [ @entity23 ] and 7 prospective studies). The key interventions studied were acupuncture, relaxation therapy, physical therapy, @entity3884 -rich therapy, diet and @entity842 synthetase. CONCLUSION: Therapies with the potential for benefit in @entity1 with bladder @entity158 are dietary management, acupuncture and physical therapy. These findings were obtained from small studies and hence caution is advised. Robustly designed multicentre @entity23 on these complementary therapies are needed to guide @entity1 and clinicians.

title: Complementary therapies for bladder XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomised control trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CWR22 is a @entity1 xenograft model of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) that is often utilized to study castration recurrent (CR) @entity263 . CWR22 recapitulates clinical response to @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT), in that @entity5 regress in response to castration, but can recur after a period of time. METHODS: Two cohorts of @entity19 , totaling 117 @entity19 were implanted with CWR22, allowed to develop @entity5 , castrated by pellet removal and followed for a period of 32 and 50 weeks. @entity19 presenting with @entity5 >2.0   cm(3) at the primary site, moribund appearance, or palpable masses other than the primary @entity5 were sacrificed prior to the endpoint of the study. Tumor tissue, serum, and abnormal lesions were collected upon necropsy and analyzed by IHC, H_E, and PCR for presence of metastatic lesions arising from CWR22. RESULTS: Herein, we report that CWR22 progresses after castration from a primary, hormonal therapy-na  ve @entity5 to @entity3 in 20% of castrated @entity19 . Histological examination of CWR22 @entity5 revealed distinct pathologies that correlated with metastatic outcome after castration. CONCLUSION: This is the first report and characterization of spontaneous @entity3 in the CWR22 model, thus, CWR22 is a bona-fide model of clinical @entity263 representing the full progression from @entity342 -sensitive, primary @entity263 to metastatic CR- @entity263 . Prostate 76:359-368, 2016.    2015 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Metastatic phenotype in CWR22 XXXX xenograft following castration.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'primary prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systematic screening for optimal formulation composition and production parameters for nanosuspensions consumes a lot of time and also drug material when performed at lab scale. Therefore, a cost-effective miniaturized scale top down approach for @entity3749 by wet bead milling was developed. The final set-up consisted of 3 magnetic stirring bars placed vertically one over the other in a 2mL glass vial and agitated by a common magnetic stirring plate. All of the tested actives ( @entity205 , @entity4025 , @entity16955 , @entity57249 , @entity15476 and @entity35085 ) could be converted to nanosuspensions. For 4 of them, the particles sizes achieved were smaller than previously reported on the literature (around 90nm for @entity205 ; 50nm for @entity16955 ; 160nm for @entity57249 and 80nm for @entity15476 ). The "transferability" of the data collect by the miniaturized method was evaluated comparing the production at larger scale using both wet bead milling and high pressure homogenization. Transferable information obtained from the miniaturized scale is minimum achievable size, improvements in size reduction by reduction of beads size, diminution kinetics and potentially occurring instabilities during processing. The small scale batches also allow identification of optimal stabilizer types and concentrations. The batch size is 0.5mL, requiring approximately 50mg or 5mg of drug (5% and 1% suspension, respectively). Thus, a simple, accessible, low-cost miniaturized scale method for the production of pharmaceutical nanocrystals was established.

title: Simple low-cost miniaturization approach for pharmaceutical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity57249 :: ('MESH:C031226', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity16955 :: ('MESH:C572936', 'Chemical') :: ['hesperitin']

entities_list: @entity3749 :: ('MESH:D007787', 'Disease') :: ['nanocrystals production']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity35085 :: ('MESH:D006569', 'Chemical') :: ['hesperidin']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

answer: @entity3749 :: (MESH:D007787,Disease) :: ['nanocrystals production']


abstract: Intraductal @entity4929 (IPMNs) are rare @entity5 rising from the pancreatic duct epithelium. They are characterized by intraductal papillary growth and thick @entity3558 secretion; @entity3558 fills the Wirsung and/or branch pancreatic ducts and may cause @entity384 . IPMNs are classified into three types, according to the site of involvement: main duct type, branch duct type, and combined type. Most branch type IPMNs are benign, while the other two types are frequently malignant. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging have led to an increased frequency of diagnosis of IPMNs, but the clinical features of them can range broadly from benign, borderline, and malignant non-invasive to invasive lesions, and their management has not yet been clearly defined. The most of @entity1 are asymptomatic. The possibility of @entity5 is increased in cases which large mural nodules are presented. Presence of a large branch type IPMN and marked dilatation of the main duct indicate the existence of @entity652 . Not infrequently, synchronous or @entity5 may be developed in various organs. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are the most valuable imaging techniques for diagnosis of these lesions. Prognosis is excellent after complete resection of benign and non-invasive malignant IPMNs. Total pancreatectomy should be reserved for @entity1 with resectable but extensive IPMN involving the whole pancreas; its benefits must be balanced against perioperative risks.

title: [Presentation, treatment and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous malignancies', 'tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ductal dilatation']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore an improved surgical approach to the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion to treat lumbar burst @entity174 and to evaluate its preliminary clinical application. METHODS: From June to October 2006, 4 @entity1 (2 males, 2 females; age, 17-39 years ) with Denis B type lumbar burst @entity174 underwent the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion. The @entity174 occurred in 2 @entity1 at @entity6812 at L2. According to the Frankel scales assessment, before operation, 2 @entity1 were at Grade B and the other 2 at Grade C, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.00 +/- 0.82. Radiological evaluation was performed, which revealed the kyphosis Cobb angel of 22.94 +/- 11.21 degrees, the adjacent superior and the inferior intervertebal disc heights of 12.78 +/- 1.52 mm and 11.68 +/- 1.04 mm, respectively, and the vertebral canal sagittal diameter of 9.56 +/- 2.27 mm on the computer tomography (CT) scan. The neurological and the radiological evaluations were also made immediately and 3 months after operation. RESULTS: The anterior single segmental decompression and fusion operations were performed successfully in all the @entity1 . The average operating time was 166 +/- 29 min and the average amount of @entity190 was 395 +/- 54 ml. The Frankel scales assessment showed that at the time immediately after operation, one of the 2 Grade B @entity1 had an improvement to Grade C, but the other @entity1 had no improvement. One of the 2 Grade C @entity1 had an improvement to Grade D, but the other @entity1 had no improvement. Three months after operation, the 2 Grade B @entity1 had an improvement to Grade C. The 2 grade C @entity1 had an improvement to Grade D or E. The VAS score was significantly decreased to 3.50 +/- 1.29 after operation and to 1.25 +/- 0.50 3 months later (P < 0.05). The vertebral canal sagittal diameter was significantly increased to 19.76 +/- 3.82 mm (P < 0.01), but it was maintained to 19.27 + 3.41 mm 3 months later, with no significant difference( P > 0.05). The @entity1 ' kyphosis Cobb angle was significantly improved to 8.71 +/- 5.41 degrees (P < 0.05) , but it was maintained to 9.52 +/- 5. 66 degrees 3 months later, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The heights of the adjacent discs remained unchanged. No complication was observed during and after operation, and the radiological and the CT scanning evaluations 3 months later showed no failure of the internal fixation. CONCLUSION: The superior and posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion can effectively decompress the vertebral canal and maintain the spine stability in treatment of the Denis B type @entity174 though the long-term effectiveness requires a further follow-up.

title: [Anterior single segmental decompression and fusion to treat lumbar burst XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Immunoperoxidase techniques for demonstration of complement split product C4d on @entity982 -embedded endomyocardial biopsy samples have been used for the evaluation of humoral rejection mainly in adult heart transplantation. Interpretation of suspected humoral rejection in @entity1 requires knowledge of the pattern and frequency of C4d deposition in nonpresensitized pediatric heart transplantation @entity1 . @entity982 -embedded endomyocardial biopsy samples of 65 @entity1 with no rejection, acute cellular rejection (ACR), or early @entity63 /reperfusion injury were studied. Six biopsies within each grade of ACR both early (<6 months) and late (>6 months) after heart transplantation were reviewed, as were 5 biopsies of @entity63 /reperfusion injury. None of the subjects was sensitized prior to transplant. All slides were blindly evaluated for histologic features traditionally associated with humoral rejection. C4d staining was quantified by counting the number of positive capillaries in 10 random high-power fields (hpf). C4d positivity (C4d+) was defined as >10 capillaries/10 hpf. C4d+ was observed in 6 (9%) endomyocardial biopsy samples; 2 in the early and 4 in the late ACR groups. Four had ACR grades 1A/B, and 2 had grade 3B/4. Thirteen (20%) endomyocardial biopsy samples had histologic features suggestive of humoral rejection. Of these, only 2 were C4d+ and both had ACR grade 3B/4. No C4d+ staining was found in the @entity63 /reperfusion injury group. C4d immunostaining was negative in endomyocardial biopsy samples of the majority of our @entity1 (91%). Endomyocardial biopsy samples with C4d+ did not show consistent ACR grade or time specificity. Contrary to previously reported data, none of the @entity63 /reperfusion injury endomyocardial biopsy samples was C4d+, and histologic features alone were poor predictors of C4d+.

title: Characterization of c4d immunostaining utilizing paraffin-embedded tissue of nonpresensitized pediatric heart transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin', 'paraffin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute enterovirus (EV) @entity693 is a frequent cause of hospitalisation, and over 100 EV serotypes may be involved. A total of 215 @entity1 of all ages with @entity693 signs were investigated in 2 Tunisian hospitals. Their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed retrospectively for EVs with a TaqMan real-time RT-qPCR. The virus strains were typed, and their evolutionary relationships were determined by Bayesian phylogenetic methods. An EV genome was detected in 21/215 @entity1 (9.8%). The CSF viral loads ranged from 3.27 to 5.63 log10 genome copies/mL. The strains were identified in 13/21 @entity1 and assigned to EV-B types. Viruses identified in Tunisian @entity1 were genetically related to variants detected in France. The viral loads were similar in Tunisian and French @entity1 for most EV types. The phylogenetic data and viral loads determined in Tunisian and French @entity1 suggest that close EV variants were involved in @entity5827 in the 2 countries over a same period.

title: XXXX in Tunisia (Monastir, Mahdia, 2011-2013): identification of virus variants cocirculating in France.

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Enterovirus meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Firearm injuries impose a continuous economic burden on society and hospital resources. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of @entity130 among victims of gunshots. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2011 to December 2012. @entity1 with isolated @entity130 were included while @entity1 with other @entity1317 were excluded. RESULTS: There were 90 cases and the majority of them were male (84.4%). Mean age was (32.52    10.27) years. Most of the @entity1 (72.2%) belong to the younger age group. A low velocity weapon was used in 61 (67.8%) cases and a high velocity weapon was used in 29 (32.2%) cases. Armed robbery (64.4%) was the cause of conflict in more than half of the cases. Lower limb was involved in 72.2%. Fifty eight (64.4%) @entity1 remained hospitalized for 15e20 days and others for more than 20 days. Internal fixation with intramedullary nailing was done in 35 @entity1 while K-wire was used in 5 @entity1 . Fifty @entity1 were managed with external fixation, either uniplanar or multiplanar ilizarov. @entity2737 and nonunion were observed more often in high velocity injuries. CONCLUSION: Armed robbery was the leading cause of gunshot @entity130 in our hospital. Young males were victimized in a majority of cases. High velocity injuries were associated with more complications.

title: Pattern of XXXX among civilian gunshot victims at tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injuries']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Deep wound infection']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['bony injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity977 causing @entity2012 are usually macroadenomas at the time of diagnosis, and they can grow aggressively, infiltrating surrounding tissues. @entity5 removal at surgery can lead toward a strong tendency for recurrence, making it necessary to consider a means of treatment other than those currently used such as @entity1943 analogs (SSAs), @entity9045 antagonist, surgical removal, and radiotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to describe a @entity1 diagnosed with an aggressive, @entity5 refractory to medical therapy but ultimately treated with the radiolabeled @entity1943 analog (90)Y-DOTATATE. A 26-year-old male with an invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary gland (5.6 * 2.5 * 3.6 cm) and biochemically confirmed @entity2012 underwent 2 partial @entity5 resections: the first used the transsphenoidal approach and the second used the transcranial method. The @entity1 received SSAs pre- and postoperatively. Because of the progression in @entity977 size, he underwent classic irradiation of the @entity5 (50 Gy). One and a half years later, the @entity1 presented with clinically and biochemically active disease, and the @entity5 size was still 52 mm in diameter (height). Two neurosurgeons disqualified him from further surgical procedures. After confirming the presence of @entity1943 receptors in the @entity977 by using @entity14103 PET/CT, we treated the @entity1 4 times with an SSA bound with (90)Y-DOTATATE. After this treatment, the @entity1 attained partial biochemical remission and a reduction in the @entity5 mass for the first time. Treatment with an SSA bound with @entity70805 may be a promising option for some aggressive @entity10759 when other methods have failed.

title: Growth hormone-secreting macroadenoma of the pituitary gland successfully treated with the radiolabeled XXXX analog (90)Y-DOTATATE: case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Difficulty in achieving complete tumor', 'tumor', 'giant GH-secreting tumor']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary tumors', 'pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['GH-secreting pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone (GH) receptor']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A total of 69 soil samples from 20 community gardens in New York City (New York, USA) were collected and analyzed for 23 @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and black @entity505 . For each garden, samples were collected from nongrowing areas (non-bed) and from vegetable-growing beds, including beds with and without visible sources of @entity2556 . The sum of the US Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority @entity2556 ranged up to 150   mg/kg, and the median (5.4   mg/kg) and mean (14.2   mg/kg) were similar to those previously reported for urban areas in the northeast United States. Isomer ratios indicated that the main sources of @entity2556 were petroleum, coal, and wood combustion. The @entity2556 concentrations were significantly and positively associated with black @entity505 and with modeled air @entity2556 concentrations, suggesting a consistent relationship between historical deposition of atmospheric @entity505 -adsorbed @entity2556 and current @entity2556 soil concentrations. Median @entity2556 soil concentration from non-bed areas was higher (7.4   mg/kg) than median concentration from beds in the same garden (4.0   mg/kg), and significantly higher than the median from beds without visible sources of @entity2556 (3.5   mg/kg). Median @entity2556 concentration in beds from gardens with records of soil amendments was 58% lower compared with beds from gardens without those records. These results suggest that gardening practices in garden beds without visible sources of @entity2556 contribute to reduce @entity2556 soil concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:357-367.    2015 SETAC.

title: Concentrations of XXXX in New York City community garden soils: Potential sources and influential factors.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently there has been widening stream of research on the relationships between @entity28 and @entity146 . @entity1 with @entity28 seem to be prone to developing @entity162 and they present with specific personality traits. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between @entity28 , @entity162 features, and personality traits. @entity1 AND METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed. @entity1 with @entity28 constituted the sample of cases (N = 90), and healthy individuals were ascribed to the control group (N = 70). The lifetime presence of @entity162 features was analyzed with the @entity1316 Questionnaire (MDQ), while personality traits were assessed with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS: Bipolarity features were more prevalent in the @entity1 with @entity28 , as compared to healthy individuals. @entity1 with @entity28 had both higher mean value of MDQ score (p = 0.01) and a higher proportion of subjects with MDQ score >=  7 points (p = 0.012) as well as lower score on the NEO-FFI openness to experience (p > 0.001), compared to control subjects. Using multivariate model, in @entity1 with @entity28 , a significant positive correlation between @entity162 and @entity663 , and negative with agreeableness and conscientiousness was established. Such relationship was not observed in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In the population of @entity1 with @entity28 , there is a specific combination between @entity162 and personality traits (high-trait @entity663 , low-trait conscientiousness, and low-trait agreeableness). This may have some consequences for both pharmacological and psychological management of such @entity1 .

title: Relationships between XXXX , bipolar spectrum features, and personality traits: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar spectrum disorders', 'bipolarity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood Disorder']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study reported here discusses the duration of the generalized @entity410 (GTCS) among @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was done by analyzing the data from @entity1 who had undergone video-EEG in 2009 and had GTCS during the monitoring. The @entity1 were selected for the @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). Once they met the criteria, the durations of all the phases were measured, then discussed if there were any difference in duration for @entity302 . RESULTS: On comparison of the total duration of various types of @entity410 it was found that the duration of @entity4940 (177    212.6 sec.) was significantly different from the duration of @entity1315 (104.6    51.8 sec.) and @entity3762 (63.9    28.2 sec.). It can be found in the comparison of GTCS that the duration of phase 6,7 of @entity4940 (63.5    30.9 sec.) was statistically significant compared with @entity1315 (37.3    13.8 sec.) and @entity3762 (46.4    30.1 sec.). The duration of various types of @entity302 in the generalized tonic-clonic period was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Through this study, we found the differences of the duration of different types of @entity302 that provide the clinical basis for further studies of @entity410 mechanism and neural network conduction.

title: The electroclinical-semiology of generalized XXXX among @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'medial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'different epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['tonic-clonic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study reported here discusses the duration of the generalized @entity410 (GTCS) among @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was done by analyzing the data from @entity1 who had undergone video-EEG in 2009 and had GTCS during the monitoring. The @entity1 were selected for the @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ), @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), and @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). Once they met the criteria, the durations of all the phases were measured, then discussed if there were any difference in duration for @entity302 . RESULTS: On comparison of the total duration of various types of @entity410 it was found that the duration of @entity4940 (177    212.6 sec.) was significantly different from the duration of @entity1315 (104.6    51.8 sec.) and @entity3762 (63.9    28.2 sec.). It can be found in the comparison of GTCS that the duration of phase 6,7 of @entity4940 (63.5    30.9 sec.) was statistically significant compared with @entity1315 (37.3    13.8 sec.) and @entity3762 (46.4    30.1 sec.). The duration of various types of @entity302 in the generalized tonic-clonic period was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Through this study, we found the differences of the duration of different types of @entity302 that provide the clinical basis for further studies of @entity410 mechanism and neural network conduction.

title: The electroclinical-semiology of generalized @entity410 among XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['different epilepsies']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a retrospective analysis to assess the feasibility of involved field irradiation (IFI) in elderly @entity1 with @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the records of elderly @entity1 (>=  70 years) with unresectable @entity1544 and no distant metastases who received treatment with radiotherapy between January 2009 and March 2013. According to the irradiation volume, @entity1 were allocated into either the elective nodal irradiation (ENI) group or the IFI group. Overall survival (OS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and treatment-related @entity137 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 137 @entity1 were enrolled. Fifty-four @entity1 (39.4%) were allocated to the ENI group and 83 @entity1 (60.6%) to the IFI group, the median doses in the two groups were 60 Gy and 59.4 Gy, respectively. For the entire group, the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 were 16 months and 12 months, respectively. The median @entity1349 and 3-year @entity1349 rate in the ENI group were 13 months and 20.6%, compared to 11 months and 21.0% in the IFI groups (p = 0.61). The @entity1349 and 3-year OS rate in the ENI and IFI groups were 17 months and 26.4% and 15.5 months and 21.7%, respectively (p = 0.25). The rate of grade >=  3 acute irradiation @entity2910 in the ENI group was significantly higher than that in the IFI group (18.5% vs. 6.0%; p = 0.027). Other grade >=  3 treatment-related @entity137 did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IFI resulted in decreased irradiation @entity137 without sacrificing OS in elderly @entity1 with @entity1544 .

title: Feasibility of Elective Nodal Irradiation (ENI) and Involved Field Irradiation (IFI) in Radiotherapy for the Elderly XXXX (Aged >=  70 Years) with Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis from a Single Institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['PFS', 'median survival time', 'progression-free survival', 'MST']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review and present the results of a one-step method employing a free tarsal plate graft and a myocutaneous pedicle flap plus a free skin graft for reconstruction of large upper @entity3066 after @entity5 surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-series of 8 @entity1 who underwent reconstruction of the upper eyelid after @entity5 removal. The horizontal defect involved 50-75% of the lid (3 pts.), more than 75% (3 pts.), and more than 75% plus the lateral canthus (2 pts.). The posterior lamella was reconstructed with contralateral upper eyelid tarsal plate. The anterior lamella was reconstructed with a laterally based myocutaneous pedicle flap in 7 @entity1 , leaving a raw surface under the brow which was covered with a free skin graft. In 1 @entity1 with little skin left under the brow, the anterior lamella was reconstructed with a bi-pedicle orbicularis muscle flap together with a free skin graft. RESULTS: All @entity1 healed without @entity39 , did not suffer from lagophthalmos, achieved reasonable cosmesis, and did not need lubricants. In one @entity1 , a contact lens was necessary for three weeks because of @entity2687 . One @entity1 still needs a contact lens 3 months after excision to avoid eye discomfort. CONCLUSION: Large upper @entity3066 can be reconstructed with a free tarsal plate graft and a laterally based myocutaneous pedicle flap in combination with a free skin graft. Two-step procedures can probably be avoided in most cases.

title: Reconstruction of large upper XXXX with a free tarsal plate graft and a myocutaneous pedicle flap plus a free skin graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal erosion']

entities_list: @entity3066 :: ('MESH:D005141', 'Disease') :: ['eyelid defects']

answer: @entity3066 :: (MESH:D005141,Disease) :: ['eyelid defects']