abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a 50-year-old @entity1 who was initially seen with a corneal perforation in his right eye 2 months after a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure and to discuss the roles of topical @entity3522 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). DESIGN: Case report with tissue analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ocular examination, diagnostic workup, surgical treatment, and histologic, immunofluorescent, zymography, and real time-polymerase chain reaction studies on corneal button. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination of the right eye revealed a 4-mm diameter area of central corneal thinning with a 2-mm diameter perforation at its center. Predisposing factors included prolonged postoperative topical @entity3522 therapy for more than 2 months and a 10-year history of well-controlled @entity6 . An extensive diagnostic workup ruled out a @entity792 . A penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Results of immunohistochemical studies of the corneal button showed stromal accumulation of @entity1413 , @entity1549 , and @entity1495 in the anterior wounded stroma and @entity1495 in the basal corneal epithelial cells of the leading edge. Differential activity and expression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were found between the central and peripheral corneal buttons. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged use of @entity3522 and @entity6 might be responsible for the corneal perforation after PRK in our @entity1 . @entity1495 and @entity1549 might be involved in delayed wound closure and corneal melting.

title: Late corneal perforation after photorefractive keratectomy associated with topical XXXX : involvement of matrix metalloproteinases.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['temporary type III and IV collagens']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['systemic autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: Does @entity1635 associated with @entity7960 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity4094 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity7960 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity1 were found to have typical @entity7960 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1635 was 3.5 years. A @entity1635 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity1 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity1 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of XXXX in @entity7960 .

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: Does @entity1635 associated with @entity7960 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity4094 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity7960 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity1 were found to have typical @entity7960 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1635 was 3.5 years. A @entity1635 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity1 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity1 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of @entity1635 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7960 :: (MESH:D005621,Disease) :: ['Friedreich's ataxia']


abstract: Endothelial function may be affected by the endothelial cell loss and increased variability in cell shape and size (polymegathism) that accompany normal @entity1240 . Endothelial function can be evaluated by monitoring corneal hydration recovery following hypoxic stress. The authors compared corneal recovery and endothelial morphology between a group of younger (mean = 26.7 yr) and older (means = 65.7 yr) subjects with normal corneas. @entity4 (60 microns) was induced with hydrogel lenses worn with the eyes closed. Following lens removal, the decrease in corneal thickness was monitored for 4 hr with one eye open while the contralateral eye remained closed. For both age groups, corneal recovery followed a non-linear time course. The @entity735 required 2.5 hr and 3.0 hr to return to baseline for the younger and older age groups, respectively. Recovery during eye closure took 3.5 hr to reach the normal closed eye level for the younger subjects and was not complete at 4 hr for the older subjects. Recovery rates were significantly slower for the older vs younger subjects during the first 2 hr of closed eye recovery, 10.5 vs 15.0 microns/hr, and for the initial 1 hr of @entity735 recovery, 26.5 vs 35.6 microns/hr. For both age groups combined, the rate of recovery was negatively correlated with the coefficient of variation in cell area, r = -0.62 and -0.69 (P less than 0.01), for both closed and @entity735 recovery, respectively. When each morphological characteristic was isolated, the only significant correlation found was between the coefficient of variation in cell area and the rate of recovery during eye closure, r = -0.66 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Decreased endothelial pump function with XXXX .

answer: @entity1240 :: (MESH:D019588,Disease) :: ['aging']


abstract: A review of published literature on @entity20332 in Pakistan is presented. A total of 220 abstracts available in the Pakmedinet and Medline have been searched. All relevant articles were reviewed to determine the prevalence of @entity20332 in Pakistan. Two hundred and three (203) relevant articles/abstracts including twenty nine supporting references are included in this review. Of the articles on prevalence of @entity99 , seven were related to @entity99 , fifteen to @entity99 while the remaining articles were on frequency of @entity1956 and C in different disease and healthy population groups. These included eight studies on healthy @entity1 , three on vertical transmission, nineteen on pregnant @entity1 , fifteen on healthy individuals, six on army recruits, thirty one on blood donors, thirteen on health care workers, five on unsafe injections, seventeen on high risk groups, five on @entity1 with provisional diagnosis of @entity99 , thirty three on @entity1 with @entity409 , four on genotypes of @entity97 and five on genotypes of @entity3531 . This review highlights the lack of community-based epidemiological work as the number of subjects studied were predominantly @entity1 , high risk groups and healthy blood donors. High level of @entity99 seroconversion was found in @entity1 and this viral infection accounts for almost 50%-60% of all cases of @entity99 in @entity1 in Pakistan. @entity99 is endemic in the country affecting mostly the adult population and epidemic situations have been reported from many parts of the country. The mean results of HBsAg and Anti-HCV prevalence on the basis of data aggregated from several studies was calculated which shows 2.3% and 2.5% prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in @entity1 , 2.5% and 5.2% among pregnant @entity1 , 2.6% and 5.3% in general population, 3.5% and 3.1% in army recruits, 2.4% and 3.6% in blood donors, 6.0% and 5.4% in health care workers, 13.0% and 10.3% in high risk groups, 12.3% and 12.0% in @entity1 with provisional diagnosis of @entity99 and 25.7% and 54% in @entity1 with @entity409 respectively. This review has illustrated the high @entity20332 in Pakistan where @entity1956 and C potentially account for a serious burden of the disease. This review has triggered the launching of a network intervention for the @entity99 . This review was used as the basis for the launch of @entity99 programme, but putting it into a formal review took time and the @entity99 program was initiated.

title: A XXXX in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity20332 :: ('MESH:D006525', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis infections', 'endemicity of hepatitis viral infections', 'hepatitis viral infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis E', 'hepatitis infection', 'hepatitis', 'acute viral hepatitis', 'Hepatitis A', 'control of hepatitis viral infectious']

answer: @entity20332 :: (MESH:D006525,Disease) :: ['review of hepatitis viral infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors of @entity293 in renal transplant recipients and its effect on graft function among transplanted @entity1 visiting the outpatients department of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. METHODS: This cohort study was conducted at Transplantation department, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Karachi. The period of the study enrollment extended from April 2008 to September 2008 included were two hundred adult live related renal transplant recipients who were enrolled during the initial post transplant period and followed up for one year. Analysis was done by using SPSS ver 10.0. The level of significance was taken as 0.05. Student's t test and chi square test were used to compare the variables in both groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 30 +/- 10 years. Sixty six (33%) renal transplant recipients had at least one episode of @entity293 which occurred in 51 (77%) @entity1 during the first two months after renal transplant and 8 (12%) @entity1 had recurrence of @entity281 . Gram negative bacilli were the principally isolated agents. @entity526 was found in 34 (51%) @entity1 and Pseudomonas in 12 (18%). @entity8 , @entity2526 , delays in Foleys removal, and post operation hospital stay were statistically significant risk factors for @entity293 in the @entity1 . Twenty three recipients of the study developed early @entity813 due to @entity293 . No graft was lost in either groups. CONCLUSION: @entity2526 , @entity8 , delay in removal of Foley's catheter and increased post transplant hospital stay are risk factors leading to UTI in renal transplant recipients.

title: Frequency of XXXX in renal transplant recipients and effect on graft function.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal stone disease', 'renal stone disease']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Structural abnormalities', 'structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: The overnight (16-h) fast is one of the most common experimental manipulations performed in rodent studies. Despite its ubiquitous employment, a comprehensive evaluation of metabolomic and transcriptomic sequelae of fasting in conjunction with routine clinical pathology evaluation has not been undertaken. This study assessed the impact of a 16-h fast on urine and serum metabolic profiles, transcript profiles of liver, psoas muscle, and jejunum as well as on routine laboratory clinical pathology parameters. Fasting @entity35 had an approximate 12% relative weight decrease compared to ad libitum fed animals, and urine volume was significantly increased. Fasting had no effect on hematology parameters, though several changes were evident in serum and urine clinical chemistry data. In general, metabolic changes in biofluids were modest in magnitude but broad in extent, with a majority of measured urinary metabolites and from 1/3 to 1/2 of monitored serum metabolites significantly affected. Increases in @entity1718 and @entity3645 dominated the upregulated metabolites. Downregulated serum metabolites were dominated by diet-derived and/or gut-microflora derived metabolites. Major transcriptional changes included genes with roles in @entity844 , @entity1735 , @entity165 , and @entity6741 metabolism indicating decreased activity in glycolytic pathways and a shift toward increased utilization of @entity1718 . Typically, several genes within these metabolic pathways, including key rate limiting genes, changed simultaneously, and those changes were frequently correlative to changes in clinical pathology parameters or metabolomic data. Importantly, up- or down-regulation of a variety of cytochrome P450s, transporters, and transferases was evident. Taken together, these data indicate profound consequences of fasting on systemic biochemistry and raise the potential for unanticipated interactions, particularly when metabolomic or transcriptomic data are primary end points.

title: Metabolomic and transcriptomic changes induced by overnight (16 h) fasting in male and female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The association between increased body mass index (BMI) and prolonged operative time (OT) in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) has been suggested before. It is unclear, however, which RLRP step contributes to this finding. We aimed to assess the association between BMI and duration of RLRP steps. @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of @entity1 who underwent RLRP between 2003 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographics (including BMI) and OT were recorded. We reviewed total OT (incision to closure) and separate duration of sequential steps of RLRP: In room to incision (preparation), incision to robot docking (port-placement), docking to endopelvic fascia dissection end (retroperitoneal space development), dorsal vein complex (DVC) control, DVC-control end to @entity1069 (prostate dissection), vesicourethral @entity254 ( @entity254 ), and undocking time (undocking). We divided this cohort into BMI groups (<25, 25.0 to 29.9, 30.0 to 34.9, and >= 35) and compared their characteristics and OT. RESULTS: A total of 555 @entity1 were analyzed. OT was significantly different across BMI groups with medians of 159, 181, 178, and 191 minutes for BMI <25, 25 to 29.9, 30 to 34.9, and >= 35   kg/m2, respectively (P   =   0.002). For BMI <25, preparation and prostate dissection were significantly shorter. There was a correlation between higher BMI and longer time of prostate dissection with nerve-sparing technique (P   =   0.016), but not with a non-nerve-sparing approach (P   =   0.658). Higher BMI was associated with longer times of DVC-control and vesicourethral @entity254 (P   =   0.048 and P   =   0.035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI is significantly associated with prolonged total OT for RLRP with specific steps (preparation, nerve-sparing dissection, DVC-control, @entity254 ) responsible for this result. These data need to be considered when planning RLRP in the @entity28 population.

title: Surgical steps that elongate operative time in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy among the XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate detachment']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and safety of the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from subcostal access in @entity1 with @entity1290 in the upper pole of the kidney. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with upper @entity1290 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from April 2003 to November 2008. The inclusion criteria were the existence of solely upper pole stones, stone size >1.5   cm, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy failure or stone in closed calix and diverticulum, and successful subcostal access for reaching the stone. The exclusion criteria were unsuccessful subcostal access, more than two percutaneous accesses, prominent collecting system perforation, intraoperative significant @entity548 , @entity8 . The totally tubeless procedure was performed on 35 @entity1 (group A); another 35 @entity1 (group B) underwent standard PCNL. The incidence of complications, hospital stay, transfusion rate, stone-free rate, and analgesics use as well as return to normal activity were compared during a 1-month study period. RESULTS: The mean stone burden was 2.81 (standard deviation [SD]   =   0.59) in group A vs 2.87 (SD   =   0.62) cm(2) in group B. Hospitalization averaged 1.49 (SD   =   0.7) vs 2.89 (SD   =   0.99) days (P   <   0.001), and the average analgesics use was 8.2 (SD   =   3.59) mg vs 14.3 (SD   =   5.99) mg of @entity1286 , respectively (P   <   0.001). The @entity1 returned to normal activity in 11 (SD   =   4.2) days in group A vs 17.6 (SD   =   4) days in group B (P   <   0.001). Operative time, transfusion rate, complications, re-treatment, and the overall stone-free rate were not different significantly, and no major complication was seen in the study as well. CONCLUSION: Totally tubeless PCNL for the upper @entity1290 from subcostal access is accompanied by decreased hospital stay and analgesics use and a rapid return to normal activity. It can be considered as an accepted and cost-beneficial procedure for upper @entity1290 .

title: Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper XXXX using subcostal access.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction, and renal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['pole renal stone', 'renal stone', 'pole renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['pole renal stone']


abstract: From 1973 through 1983, 19 cases of chronic @entity439 (CTA) were observed. Initial @entity130 was well documented in every case. @entity1 mean age at time of @entity130 was 22; mean age at time of surgery was 34. Sixty per cent of @entity1 had no apparent @entity764 at time of @entity130 . Ninety-five per cent had associated injuries. Ten/nineteen were asymptomatic. Eighteen were operated on. @entity397 was complete in 11, partial in 7. One of the partial @entity397 was a simple scar on the aorta. Eighteen were located at the site of the aortic isthmus, one was at level T8-T9. Seventeen had a prosthetic dacron graft sutured from inside the @entity439 . The case where a simple scar was found had a dacron wrapping. Spinal cord protection was used in all cases except in one who was already paraplegic preoperatively. Various shunts were used in 12 cases; 1 @entity1 in the by-pass group had @entity451 . CTA is not a benign disease and all cases, even asymptomatic, should be operated on with a very low risk of mortality (0/18). Occurrence of @entity451 still remains a possible complication although the risk of @entity2759 seems lower than in arteriosclerotic dissecting @entity439 . We favour the "old" technique of temporary dacron shunt graft in CTA for simplicity and easy assessment of function ot the shunt.

title: XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta (19 cases).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'traumatic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'Rupture']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Chronic traumatic aneurysms']


abstract: It is generally believed that pregnancy is mediated by a Th2 response, which includes cytokines that promote placental growth and are involved in inducing tolerance to the foetus. If the balance between @entity1198 /and Th2-mediated cytokines is disrupted, systemic and local changes could predispose the foetus to future disease. Therefore, a shift in the @entity1198 /Th2 balance during pregnancy, possibly caused by underlying environmental factors, could be associated with post-partum @entity792 in the offspring. Based on this presumption, we used @entity1593 as a model to investigate whether @entity792 is triggered in the foetus during early pregnancy, observed as changes in the mother's cytokine profile. Ten cytokines were measured by electro-chemi-luminescent multiplex ELISA in serum samples obtained from mothers during early pregnancy. Cases included @entity1 with @entity1 who had developed verified @entity1593 before the age of 5, who were compared with other @entity1 as matched controls. We observed that 7 out of 10 cytokine levels were significantly increased in our case mothers when compared to controls. Five of these belonged to what is generally known as a @entity1198 -mediated response ( @entity310 , IFNy, @entity1199 , @entity1356 and IL-12) and two were Th2 cytokines ( @entity4047 and @entity688 ). However, the @entity688 cytokine is known to have features from both arms of the immune system. These results were confirmed in a logistic regression model where five out of the initial seven cytokines remained. This study suggests that increase in @entity1198 serum cytokines may be associated with @entity1593 in offspring.

title: Early human pregnancy serum cytokine levels predict XXXX in offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stapled transanal rectal resection is a novel surgery for @entity3885 . Few data on the functional and morphologic outcome after the surgery have been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the functional and morphologic outcome after stapled transanal rectal resection. DESIGN: This is a prospective study of consecutive @entity1 undergoing transanal rectal resection. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral hospital, Beijing, China, from May 2007 to May 2009. @entity1 : Eighty-six consecutive female @entity1 with @entity3885 were carefully selected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent stapled transanal rectal resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were @entity1 ' symptoms, @entity3885 score, Wexner @entity322 score, anorectal manometry and defecography before and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: The occurrence of all symptoms were significantly reduced after the procedure (P < .0001). @entity3885 score was decreased from 18.17    4.68 preoperatively to 7.36    3.52 postoperatively (P < .0001) with the Wexner @entity322 score unchanged. Maximum tolerable rectal volume was significantly decreased (236.08    50.00 vs 205.25    29.60, P < .0001) after surgery with anal sphincter pressures unchanged. Postoperative defecography was performed in 64 @entity1 . Rectocele disappeared in 40 of 62 @entity1 . The depth of rectocele was reduced from 35.40    4.58 mm preoperatively to 19.77    9.19 mm postoperatively (P < .0001). Incomplete evacuation disappeared in 41 of 51 @entity1 . Intussusception was completely corrected in 39 of 56 @entity1 . The reduction of @entity3885 score was greater in @entity1 with both rectocele and intussusception corrected than others (12.75    2.24 vs 9.17    3.47; P < .0001). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited owing to the lack of a control group and the medium-term results. CONCLUSIONS: Stapled transanal rectal resection is an effective procedure for @entity3885 . The functional outcome is good with the preservation of sphincter function and continence postoperatively. The morphologic outcome confirmed its efficacy in correcting rectocele and intussusception, and correlated well with clinical improvement.

title: Functional and morphologic outcome after stapled transanal rectal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructed defection syndrome', 'Obstructed defecation syndrome', 'obstructed defecation syndrome']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructed defecation syndrome']


abstract: Despite numerous theories, the etiology and pathogenesis of primary @entity6312 remain unclear. The etiology of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) known as @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) is related to leukocyte trapping. Leukocyte trapping involves trapping of white cells in vessel walls followed by their activation and translocation outside the vessel. Release of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from trapped white cells has been documented. @entity224 dismutase (SOD) directly inhibits the generation of free radicals and compounds that are produced during oxidation by ROS, such as @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of free radicals in the etiology of venous changes. The following material was used for the study: fragments of @entity4096 and varices from 31 @entity1 diagnosed with chronic @entity66 in the 2nd or 3rd degree, according to clinical state, etiology, anatomy and pathophysiology (CEAP), which were qualified for surgical procedure. The levels of oxidative stress markers strongly correlated with lesions observed by USG in insufficient and @entity6312 . In both a higher concentration of @entity1865 was observed, which is a sign of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidative mechanisms, SOD activity and total antioxidative power expressed as @entity19213 were inversely proportional to @entity1865 concentration. In insufficient and @entity6312 both @entity19213 and SOD activities were significantly lower than in normal veins. The severity of clinical changes was inversely dependent on the efficiency of scavenging of ROS, which additionally proves the participation of free radicals in pathogenesis of @entity102 .

title: Generation of reactive XXXX species by a sufficient, insufficient and varicose vein wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous diseases', 'CVDs']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency', 'sufficient or insufficient venous system']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate reliability and feasibility of a standardized protocol to assess and score quality indicators relevant to pressure @entity1066 (PU) care processes in nursing homes (NHs). DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Eight NHs. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-one @entity5155 residents for whom the PU Resident Assessment Protocol of the Minimum Data Set was initiated. MEASUREMENTS: Nine quality indicators (two related to screening and prevention of PU, two focused on assessment, and five addressing management) were scored using medical record data, direct @entity1 observation, and wireless thigh monitor observation data. Feasibility and reliability of medical record, observation, and thigh monitor protocols were determined. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 who passed each of the indicators, indicating care consistent with practice guidelines, ranged from 0% to 98% across all indicators. In general, @entity1 in NHs passed fewer indicators and had more problems with medical record accuracy before a PU was detected (screening/prevention indicators) than they did once an @entity1066 was documented (assessment and management indicators). Reliability of the medical record protocol showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.689 to 1.00 and percentage agreement from 80% to 100%. Direct observation protocols yielded kappa statistics of 0.979 and 0.928. Thigh monitor protocols showed kappa statistics ranging from 0.609 to 0.842. Training was variable, with the observation protocol requiring 1 to 2 hours, medical records requiring joint review of 20 charts with average time to complete the review of 20 minutes, and the thigh monitor data requiring 1 week for training in data preparation and interpretation. CONCLUSION: The standardized quality assessment system generated scores for nine PU quality indicators with good reliability and provided explicit scoring rules that permit reproducible conclusions about PU care. The focus of the indicators on care processes that are under the control of @entity5155 staff made the protocol useful for external survey and internal quality improvement purposes, and the thigh monitor observational technology provided a method for monitoring repositioning care processes that were otherwise difficult to monitor and manage.

title: Standardized quality-assessment system to evaluate pressure XXXX care in the nursing home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to compare the methods of @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) and @entity11375 ( @entity11375 ) in cases of isthmic Grades 1 and 2 lumbar spondylolisthesis, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the procedures. METHODS: Operations were performed in 50 @entity1 with lumbar spondylolisthesis in the authors' clinics between 2001 and 2007. Indications for surgery were @entity1643 with or without @entity13549 and @entity613 that had not improved after at least 6 months of conservative treatment. The study included 33 female and 17 male @entity1 , with mean ages of 50.6 years in the @entity2649 group and 47.3 years in the @entity11375 group. These @entity1 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: decompression, posterior transpedicular instrumentation, and @entity11375 (Group 1; 25 @entity1 ) and decompression, posterior transpedicular instrumentation, and @entity2649 (Group 2; 25 @entity1 ). In the @entity2649 group, @entity702 cages were used, and autograft material was obtained from the decompression. In the @entity11375 group, bone fragments collected from the iliac crest were used as autografts. A minimum 18-month follow-up was available in all @entity1 . For clinical evaluation, a visual analog scale, @entity717 Index, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were used. Improvements in pre- and postoperative spondylolisthesis, segmental angles, fusion ratios, and @entity260 were evaluated radiologically. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 3.3 years. Based on the etiologies, isthmic spondylolisthesis was detected in all @entity1 . The spondylolisthesis levels in the @entity1 who underwent @entity2649 were located at @entity6357 (5 @entity1 , 20%); L4-5 (14, 56%); and L5-S1 (6, 24%), whereas the levels in the ones treated with @entity11375 were located at @entity6357 (4 @entity1 , 16%); L4-5 (13, 52%); and L5-S1 (8, 32%). In the clinical evaluations, good or excellent results were obtained in 22 (88%) cases in the @entity2649 group and 19 (76%) cases in the @entity11375 group. Fusion ratios were 100% in the @entity2649 group and 84% in the @entity11375 group. Both lumbar @entity1515 and the segmental angle showed greater improvement in the @entity2649 group. There was no difference in the complication rates for each group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on early clinical outcomes and the fusion ratios of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, the authors found @entity2649 to be superior to @entity11375 .

title: Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus XXXX with instrumentation in the treatment of low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis: midterm clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['posterior lumbar interbody fusion', 'PLIF']

entities_list: @entity11375 :: ('MESH:D007714', 'Disease') :: ['PLF', 'posterolateral fusion']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity11375 :: (MESH:D007714,Disease) :: ['posterolateral fusion']


abstract: In 1992, following consultations with the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the confidential inquiry into homicides and suicides by mentally ill @entity1 was set up by the United Kingdom Department of Health. The inquiry collects detailed information on contact with secondary mental health services by means of a questionnaire from clinical audit or information departments from these organisations. In Leeds, however, a wider range of available records including Coroner Reports, police, social, educational, and all health records were consulted. This resulted in a series of health/life event histories of suicide cases that had been in contact with @entity146 services. This paper presents an exploratory analysis of these data. The Leeds suicide cases formed less than one-third of all suicide cases in Leeds; the remainder had not come into contact with @entity146 services. This proportion is consistent with the U.K. national figures. Records show that 46% of the sample"s first contact with the @entity146 services was through a first failed attempted suicide. Other results include the role of prescribed drugs in repeat suicide attempts, education levels, and employment stability. It is concluded that the link between @entity1032 and suicide is questionable. Life event history type data on all suicide cases is desperately required to study suicide as a social process.

title: Suicides by mentally ill XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3756 in outpatients with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or with a history of XXXX who responded but later relapsed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant depression', 'TRD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['TRD']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3756 in outpatients with XXXX ( @entity13217 ) or with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant depression']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3756 in outpatients with @entity13217 ( XXXX ) or with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['TRD']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of XXXX in outpatients with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed.

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We prospectively evaluated the effects of 12 months thyrotropin suppressive @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) therapy in terms of changes in both thyroid nodule size and cytological features and considered whether thyroid nodule size changes actually resulted in (or were the result of) cytological changes. DESIGN AND @entity1 : We studied 142 consecutive @entity1 with benign 'cold' solitary thyroid nodules. For the purposes of the study, we divided our @entity1 into three groups according to their initial cytological nodule classification as follows: group 1, including 88 colloid nodules (CN); group 2, including 30 @entity9384 ( @entity9384 ); and group 3, including 24 @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). MEASUREMENTS: The effects of TSH suppressive @entity2016 treatment on both nodule volume and cytological characteristics were evaluated by ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) before and 12 months after the onset of therapy. RESULTS: Twelve months of TSH suppressive @entity2016 treatment were effective in shrinking about one-third to one-quarter (31.8% CN, 26.7% @entity9384 and 25% @entity1412 ) of thyroid nodules, irrespective of their initial cytological characteristics. Similarly, there was no difference in the prevalence of 'non-responders' (increasing nodules) to @entity2016 , which accounted for about one-fifth or less (20.5% CN, 13.3% @entity9384 and 20.8% @entity1412 ) of all nodules. We found also that cytological features changed in 33.8% nodules after 12 months of @entity2016 treatment. These changes were most commonly observed in @entity9384 and @entity1412 and consisted largely ( approximately 80%) of cytological characteristics resembling colloid features, not only in shrinking but also in stable nodules, thus indicating that cytology changes might be the very first indicator of nodule sensitivity to @entity2016 therapy even in the continued absence of nodule shrinkage. When nodules were divided into three subgroups according to variations in size (shrinking, stable and increasing nodules), we observed that the distribution of the three cytological types showed a trend towards colloid lesions in shrinking nodules (chi2 3.8, P < 0.005) and towards an augmentation of hypercellular, adenomatous and suspicious characteristics in increasing nodules (chi2 3.6, P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The frequency of shrinking nodules was not different between colloid, @entity5072 and @entity1412 . Repeat FNA should be advisable for thyroid nodules which increase in volume despite @entity2016 therapy and might also provide useful information about nodule sensitivity to @entity2016 treatment for both @entity9384 and @entity1412 , even where nodule size remains stable.

title: Changes in both size and cytological features of thyroid nodule after XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levo-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'adenomatous nodules']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['HN', 'hyperplastic nodules']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['levothyroxine']


abstract: An extracellular protease was purified from Pseudomonas thermaerum @entity23593 a new strain identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was isolated from soil of Poultry waste site at Ghazipur near Ghaziabad, Delhi. The strain produces extra cellular protease in the culture media that was maintained at 37  C, 140 rpm. The media was harvested for protease after 48 hrs of incubation at 37  C in basal media supplemented with 1% casein. We report 6.08 fold purification of enzyme following @entity4859 precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 43,000 daltons as shown by casein zymography studies. The optimum pH for the proteolytic activity was pH 8.0 and enzyme remained stable between pH 5 -11 at 60  C. Interestingly @entity3281 (5mM) activated enzyme activity by 5 fold, while @entity8863 , @entity1025 and @entity141 moderately activated enzyme activity, where as @entity8862 , @entity8798 and @entity10694 inhibited enzyme activity. The protease produced was stable in presence of 50 % (v/v) @entity1046 and @entity1324 . @entity5723 , @entity1042 and @entity7935 increased protease activity by 2.7, 1.3 and 1.1 fold respectively but was inhibited in presence of @entity653 and @entity3733 . This organic solvent-stable protease could be used as a biocatalyst for enzymatic peptide synthesis.

title: Purification of Protease from Pseudomonas thermaerum XXXX Isolated from Poultry Waste Site.

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylacetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol']

answer: @entity23593 :: (27327,Gene) :: ['GW1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity703 consist of heterogeneous groups that frequently show complex and overlapping morphology, thus making it difficult to make a correct diagnosis. One of the most problematic differential diagnoses is to distinguish @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) from @entity1637 . These should be distinguished by differences in their behavior and clinical outcome. Our study was performed to identify whether @entity5689 and MOC-31 are useful immunohistochemical markers for differentiating chromophobe @entity1358 from @entity1637 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 23 chromophobe RCCs, 8 @entity1637 , and 25 clear cell RCCs and performed immunohistochemical staining for @entity5689 and MOC-31. RESULTS: @entity5689 was positive in 20 (87%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 0 of 8 @entity1637 , and 21 (84%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. MOC-31 was positive in 22 (96%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 2 (25%) of 8 @entity1637 , and 14 (56%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of @entity5689 and MOC-31 between chromophobe @entity1358 and @entity1637 (p<0.001). In addition, clear cell @entity1358 was also significantly different from @entity1637 in the expression of @entity5689 (p<0.001) and was significantly different from chromophobe @entity1358 in the expression of MOC-31 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5689 and MOC-31 can be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe @entity1358 , @entity1637 , and clear cell @entity1358 .

title: Diagnostic Utility of @entity5689 and MOC-31 in Distinguishing XXXX from Renal Oncocytoma.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['chromophobe renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma', 'oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity703 consist of heterogeneous groups that frequently show complex and overlapping morphology, thus making it difficult to make a correct diagnosis. One of the most problematic differential diagnoses is to distinguish @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) from @entity1637 . These should be distinguished by differences in their behavior and clinical outcome. Our study was performed to identify whether @entity5689 and MOC-31 are useful immunohistochemical markers for differentiating chromophobe @entity1358 from @entity1637 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 23 chromophobe RCCs, 8 @entity1637 , and 25 clear cell RCCs and performed immunohistochemical staining for @entity5689 and MOC-31. RESULTS: @entity5689 was positive in 20 (87%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 0 of 8 @entity1637 , and 21 (84%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. MOC-31 was positive in 22 (96%) of 23 chromophobe RCCs, 2 (25%) of 8 @entity1637 , and 14 (56%) of 25 clear cell RCCs. There was a statistically significant difference in the expression of @entity5689 and MOC-31 between chromophobe @entity1358 and @entity1637 (p<0.001). In addition, clear cell @entity1358 was also significantly different from @entity1637 in the expression of @entity5689 (p<0.001) and was significantly different from chromophobe @entity1358 in the expression of MOC-31 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5689 and MOC-31 can be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of chromophobe @entity1358 , @entity1637 , and clear cell @entity1358 .

title: Diagnostic Utility of XXXX and MOC-31 in Distinguishing @entity1358 from Renal Oncocytoma.

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['Caveolin-1']


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity227 ( @entity1582 ) in @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 and to compare the findings with @entity1582 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity1582 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity302 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity1582 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity1582 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity1 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5305 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity1582 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5305 @entity1 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity1582 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity1582 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5305 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity1 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5305 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity154 attributable to @entity5305 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5305 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of XXXX in @entity1 exposed to the anti- @entity302 drug @entity5305 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['absolute defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['absolute defects']


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity227 ( @entity1582 ) in @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 and to compare the findings with @entity1582 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity1582 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity302 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity1582 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity1582 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity1 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5305 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity1582 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5305 @entity1 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity1582 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity1582 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5305 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity1 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5305 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity154 attributable to @entity5305 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5305 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity154 in @entity1 exposed to the anti- XXXX drug @entity5305 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity227 ( @entity1582 ) in @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 and to compare the findings with @entity1582 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity1582 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity302 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity1582 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity1582 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity1 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5305 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity1582 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5305 @entity1 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity1582 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity1582 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5305 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity1 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5305 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity154 attributable to @entity5305 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5305 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity154 in @entity1 exposed to the anti- @entity302 drug XXXX and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity5305 :: (MESH:D020888,Chemical) :: ['vigabatrin']


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity227 ( @entity1582 ) in @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 and to compare the findings with @entity1582 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity1582 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity302 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity1582 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity1582 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity1 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5305 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity1582 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5305 @entity1 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity1582 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity1582 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5305 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity1 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5305 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity154 attributable to @entity5305 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5305 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity154 in XXXX exposed to the anti- @entity302 drug @entity5305 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC), a major cause of severe disease with @entity294 in @entity1 , is also involved in weaned @entity95 colibacillosis. EPEC O103 is frequent in @entity95 -fattening units of Western Europe. It causes high mortality and @entity851 , leading to substantial economic losses. We report here the construction by allelic exchange of an EPEC O103 strain mutated in espB and tir, two essential virulence genes. Upon live oral administration to weaned @entity95 , the E22DeltaTir/EspB mutant strain efficiently colonized the intestinal tract without any adverse consequences. The @entity95 were challenged with the highly pathogenic parental strain E22. The mutant provided complete protection to @entity95 and total resistance to intestinal colonization by E22. In addition, E22DeltaTir/EspB strain induced a specific humoral response against the bacterial adhesin AF/R2. These Abs prevent bacterial attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. These results open the way for the development of an efficient vaccine strategy against @entity95 EPEC infections.

title: Genetically engineered enteropathogenic XXXX elicits a specific immune response and protects against a virulent challenge.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli strain']


abstract: Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) via the gastrointestinal route may impose risk of @entity96 . We investigated the effects of DEP given in the diet to Big Blue @entity35 by quantifying a panel of markers of DNA damage and repair, mutation, oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, and antioxidative defence mechanisms in colon mucosa cells, liver tissue and the blood compartment. Seven groups of @entity35 were fed a diet with 0, 0.2, 0.8, 2, 8, 20 or 80 mg DEP/kg feed for 21 days. DEP induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks in colon and liver. There was no effect on oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) in @entity409 DNA or in the urine. However, the mRNA expression of @entity46204 , encoding an enzyme involved in repair of @entity20821 , was increased by DEP in both liver and colon. DNA adduct levels measured by 32P-post-labelling were elevated in colon and liver, and the expression of @entity72782 gene was affected in liver, but not in colon. In addition to these effects, DEP exposure induced apoptosis in liver. There was no significant change in mutation frequency in @entity409 . The levels of oxidative protein modifications (oxidized @entity369 and @entity1521 residues) were increased in liver accompanied by enhanced @entity620 levels. In plasma, we found no significant effects on oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, antioxidant enzymes or @entity620 levels. Our data indicate that gastrointestinal exposure to @entity13202 induces DNA adducts and oxidative stress resulting in DNA strand breaks, enhanced repair capacity of oxidative base damage, apoptosis and protein oxidation in colon mucosa cells and liver.

title: DNA adduct formation and oxidative stress in colon and liver of Big Blue XXXX after dietary exposure to diesel particles.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer in the colon and liver']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['colon or liver']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Several cytokine genes may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to @entity195 ( @entity195 ), because the cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on the cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association of the @entity3646 and @entity9597 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to @entity195 was investigated in this study. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 97 @entity1 with @entity195 and 76 healthy control subjects. All genotyping ( @entity3646 and @entity9597 ) experiments were performed using PCR sequence-specific primers. When compared with the healthy controls, the frequency of @entity3646 -1098 TG and -590 CT genotypes was higher in the @entity1 with @entity195 . Analysis of allele frequencies showed that @entity3646 -1098   G and @entity3646 -590 T alleles were more common in the @entity1 with @entity195 when compared with healthy controls. Also, @entity3646 TTC and haplotypes were found to confer @entity195 . Interestingly, we demonstrated that @entity9597 gene polymorphism seems to be associated with the Pathergy test positivity in @entity1 with @entity195 . Our data suggest that @entity3646 gene promoter polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to @entity195 and increase risk of developing the disease. However, in order to confirm and assess the association of @entity3646 and @entity9597 gene polymorphisms with the @entity195 , large cohort studies are needed.

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms confer Beh  et's disease in Turkish population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's Disease", 'BD']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate operative approaches and techniques of reconstruction for rhinosinusal @entity5 involving in the anterior skull base. METHOD: In a retrospective study, clinical data of 22 @entity1 treated surgically in our department from 1988 to 2002 were analysed. Lateral rhinotomy was carried out in 8 @entity1 and ampliative rhinotomy in 4 @entity1 ; in 10 @entity1 craniofacial operation was performed. @entity655 were used to repair lager defect in the anterior skull base. RESULT: All @entity5 were totally resected. In lateral rhinotomy, local locoeled @entity693 happened in 1 case, and 4 @entity1 in craniofacial operation. None complication with cerebrospinal fluid leaks, @entity55770 and intracranial air. All @entity1 were followed up from 6 months to 11 years after surgery. 7 @entity1 died from @entity281 or metastasis of @entity5 . 3-year survival rates was 15/19(78.9%); 5-year survival rates was 13/19(68.4%). The @entity5 invaded the orbital fascia in 9 @entity1 . Vs 4/9 (44.4%) and 2/9(22.2%) for these 3 and 5-year survival rates. CONCLUSION: Selection of operative approaches depends on the size of defects in the anterior skull base, extent of intracranial invasion and location of rhinosinusal @entity5 ; multiple layer fascia flaps can be used to reconstruct bigger defects of the skull base. It is safe, technically easy, effective procedure and worthy to be recommended.

title: [Selection of operative approaches for XXXX involving in the anterior skull base and exploration for reconstruction].

entities_list: @entity55770 :: ('MESH:C567055', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomeningocele']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple layer fascia flaps']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rhinosinusal malignant tumor']


abstract: In the previous work we have found two peaks of catalase activity at acid and neutral pH in partially destroyed bacteria @entity2624 KS400. The present study indicates that catalase activity with two pH-optimums is sensitive to pH of cultivation medium. The relative catalase activity of frozen-thawed bacteria preparations measured at pH 3.5 increased two-fold and activity measured at pH 7.0 didn't change by shift of medium pH from value 5.5 to 7.0. In analogical preparations of bacteria grown in slightly alkaline media activity with acid maximum was not observed, but activity with neutral maximum rose to 130% in comparison with the intact cells was revealed. Two peaks of activity differed in their sensitivity to bacteria destruction, heating, inhibition by @entity4627 and AMT, oxidative stress. The analysis of recent literature information and experimental data leads us to conclude that the activity with neutral pH-optimum consists of two known catalase forms @entity10076 and @entity34508 in @entity526 . The ratio of @entity10076 and @entity34508 is 70 and 30%, respectively what was concluded from inhibition of catalase activity with neutral pH-optimum by AMT. Properties of catalase activity with acid pH-optimum didn't corresponding to any known enzyme forms. It is suggested the activity measured at pH 3.5 is results of some unstable activator which acts in acid pH range. It is possible that the described activity with acid pH-optimum is specific for the used @entity526 . Investigation of another strain of @entity2624 AB1157 confirmed this idea where the activity peak with acid pH-optimum was not detected.

title: [pH-dependency of XXXX catalase activity under modified culture conditions].

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze clinicopathological correlation of detection of @entity2 micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Regional LNs (n=261) were obtained from 40 @entity1 with @entity2 who underwent lobectomy. Each LN was bisected. Half of each LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4166 mRNA. RESULTS: In 18 of 40 @entity1 , the @entity3 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 N0 diseases diagnosed by HE, 6 (27%) were found to express @entity4166 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs @entity3 in 40 @entity1 by @entity4166 RT-PCR, the presence of the @entity4166 product in LNs was related to @entity5 size (Chi-square=5.76, P < 0.025), the presence of @entity5 vascular invasion (Chi-square=3.88, P < 0.05), cell differentiation of the @entity5 (Chi-square=7.08, P < 0.01) and P-TNM stages (Chi-square=7.42, P < 0.01). In the histologically node-negative @entity1 , lymph node micrometastasis was significantly related to @entity5 size (P=0.038, exact test) and P-TNM stage (P=0.01, exact test). However, the results of routine histological examination did not show the above clinicopathological correlation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RT-PCR method is superior to routine histological examination in detecting @entity3 in LNs. The micrometastasis in LNs can be detected accurately by RT-PCR. It is helpful for screening the @entity1 in whom the early subclinical @entity3 exists and disclosing the intrinsic rule of malignancy @entity3 .

title: [Clinicopathological correlation of detection of regional lymph nodes micrometastasis in @entity1 with XXXX by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction].

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze clinicopathological correlation of detection of @entity2 micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes (LNs) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Regional LNs (n=261) were obtained from 40 @entity1 with @entity2 who underwent lobectomy. Each LN was bisected. Half of each LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4166 mRNA. RESULTS: In 18 of 40 @entity1 , the @entity3 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 N0 diseases diagnosed by HE, 6 (27%) were found to express @entity4166 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs @entity3 in 40 @entity1 by @entity4166 RT-PCR, the presence of the @entity4166 product in LNs was related to @entity5 size (Chi-square=5.76, P < 0.025), the presence of @entity5 vascular invasion (Chi-square=3.88, P < 0.05), cell differentiation of the @entity5 (Chi-square=7.08, P < 0.01) and P-TNM stages (Chi-square=7.42, P < 0.01). In the histologically node-negative @entity1 , lymph node micrometastasis was significantly related to @entity5 size (P=0.038, exact test) and P-TNM stage (P=0.01, exact test). However, the results of routine histological examination did not show the above clinicopathological correlation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RT-PCR method is superior to routine histological examination in detecting @entity3 in LNs. The micrometastasis in LNs can be detected accurately by RT-PCR. It is helpful for screening the @entity1 in whom the early subclinical @entity3 exists and disclosing the intrinsic rule of malignancy @entity3 .

title: [Clinicopathological correlation of detection of regional lymph nodes micrometastasis in XXXX with @entity2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identifying features that differentiate @entity1 with @entity281 from those with other conditions may assist clinical decision making during waves of pandemic @entity683 activity. METHODS: From April 27 to June 15, 2009, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all adults presenting to two urban emergency departments (EDs) with illness including @entity221 . @entity281 was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Chart review was performed to compare cases of H1N1 @entity683 (n = 117) to matched controls. RESULTS: The median age of cases was 35 years versus 50 years for controls (p < .001). In those with pre-existing conditions, @entity565 was present in 31% of cases versus 14% of controls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). Cough (OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2-19), fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.4), @entity10 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.2), and @entity925 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) were significantly more common in H1N1 cases. The median white blood cell count was 5.7   109/mL versus 10.9   109/mL (p < .001). The combination of fever and cough had an OR of 5.3. Fever, cough, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and @entity591 had the highest OR at 11. The absence of both fever and cough had a negative predictive value of 99%, but this occurred in only 8% of controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 , the combination of fever, cough, @entity591 , and WBC count < 10   109/mL was suggestive of @entity281 . However, clinical features could not reliably distinguish @entity683 from other acute respiratory illnesses in adult @entity2613 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of pandemic XXXX in adults presenting to two urban emergency departments, Toronto, 2009.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 influenza infection', 'H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever or respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The only possibility to diagnose peritoneal @entity46 is laparoscopy or laparotomy with tissue sampling for histology. @entity1 with impalpable @entity46 not visible on ultrasound suffering from @entity249 or teenagers with @entity2371 , where @entity46 may also be expected, would greatly benefit from an inoperative diagnostic method. A sure and comfortable method of assessing the effectiveness of @entity46 treatment does not exist. The aim of the study was description of the alpha 3 @entity8652 , alpha 4 @entity8652 integrins and @entity8652 chain expression in endometrial biopsies in @entity1 suffering from @entity46 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy was performed in 32 @entity1 because of @entity249 (n = 23) and/or @entity2371 (n = 11). For histochemical stainings of endometrial biopsy primary and secondary mouse antibodies to @entity1 @entity8652 chain were used (DAKO). RESULTS: In 17 @entity1 peritoneal @entity46 was diagnosed by biopsy at the time of laparoscopy. An alpha 3 @entity8652 integrin was more common in the glandular epithelium of @entity1 with @entity46 and @entity8652 subunit was less frequently observed in the stroma of the @entity46 group than in @entity1 without @entity46 . The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The selected integrins do not yet allow finding a pattern characteristic for @entity46 .

title: Integrin pattern in XXXX endometrium--new diagnostic tool in pelvic endometriosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity8652 :: ('3779', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1', 'integrins alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 4 beta 1 and beta 1']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: How @entity1 process and represent magnitude has often been studied using number comparison tasks. From the results of these tasks, a comparison distance effect (CDE) is generated, showing that it is easier to discriminate two numbers that are numerically further apart (e.g., 2 and 8) compared with numerically closer numbers (e.g., 6 and 8). However, it has been suggested that the CDE reflects decisional processes rather than magnitude representation. In this study, therefore, we investigated the development of symbolic and nonsymbolic number processes in kindergartners and first, second, and sixth graders using the priming paradigm. This task has been shown to measure magnitude and not decisional processes. Our findings revealed that a @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) is already present in kindergartners and that it remains stable across development. This suggests that formal schooling does not affect magnitude representation. No differences were found between the symbolic and nonsymbolic @entity24882 , indicating that both notations are processed with comparable precision. Finally, a poorer performance on a standardized mathematics test seemed to be associated with a smaller @entity24882 for both notations, possibly suggesting that @entity1 with lower mathematics scores have a less precise coding of magnitude. This supports the defective number module hypothesis, which assumes an impairment of number sense.

title: XXXX 's representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic magnitude examined with the priming paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['PDE', 'priming distance effect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity291 @entity7843 is caused by Besnoitia besnoiti, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite. Affected animals present cutaneous and systemic manifestations and the disease may lead to considerable economic losses. Although generally associated to tropical and subtropical areas, @entity291 @entity7843 is now considered an emergent disease in Europe, due to the increasing number of new cases and apparent geographical expansion. In this study we evaluated the performance of a modified agglutination test (B-MAT) in the serodiagnosis of @entity291 @entity7843 in comparison to the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFAT). To establish optimal protocol conditions we used @entity291 sera with a known @entity281 status for B. @entity281 . Positive animals (n=36) presented B. besnoiti dermal cysts and anti-B. besnoiti specific antibodies, as determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). Negative animals (n=103) were from non-endemic areas in Portugal and negative by the IFAT. From here, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the B-MAT relative to the IFAT with a panel of sera from herds with history of @entity291 @entity7843 in Portugal, Spain and France (n=402), using three serum dilutions (1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Considering the positive cut-off at 1:160 serum dilution, the B-MAT showed an almost perfect test agreement with the IFAT; (k=0.968; 95% CI: 0.941-0.996) with a relative sensitivity of 97.2% (95% CI: 94.1-100%) and a relative specificity of 99.3% (95% CI: 98.4-100%). As a simple and inexpensive technique the B-MAT represents a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of the epidemiology of @entity291 @entity7843 .

title: A modified agglutination test for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['besnoiti infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['besnoitiosis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Besnoitia besnoiti infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic anticancer drugs are less effective in killing @entity5 cells grown as multicellular spheroids than monolayer cell cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS: @entity43 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids were obtained from three-dimensional culture. Expression of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) was determined using Western blot analysis and flow cytometry (FCM). The subcellular distribution of @entity1262 was also determined using laser confocal microscope. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the @entity1262 mRNA of both monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. Cell cycle profiles and apoptosis were also analyzed using FACS. The resistance was detected with @entity3460 exclusion testing. RESULTS: Compared with control cells, no expression of @entity1262 was detected in monolayer cells, but expression of @entity1262 in aggregate cells was significantly elevated(P< 0.05). The @entity1262 mRNA positive nodes were confirmed by RT-PCR in the aggregate cells. The percentage of cells increased in G(0)-G(1) phase and decreased in S and G(2)-M phase significantly in spheroids cells. Spheroids cells showed higher cell viability than monolayer cells (P(A2780)=0.003, P( @entity1 )=0.015). More apoptotic cells were induced by Taxol in MCS cells than in monolayer cells. CONCLUSION: @entity43 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids cultures induced cell resistance to Taxol. High expression of @entity1262 was induced in ovarian multicellular spheroids and the cells were arrested in G(0)-G(1) phase.

title: [Resistance of multicellular spheroids to taxol in @entity1 XXXX and its mechanism].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic anticancer drugs are less effective in killing @entity5 cells grown as multicellular spheroids than monolayer cell cultures. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS: @entity43 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids were obtained from three-dimensional culture. Expression of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) was determined using Western blot analysis and flow cytometry (FCM). The subcellular distribution of @entity1262 was also determined using laser confocal microscope. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to detect the @entity1262 mRNA of both monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. Cell cycle profiles and apoptosis were also analyzed using FACS. The resistance was detected with @entity3460 exclusion testing. RESULTS: Compared with control cells, no expression of @entity1262 was detected in monolayer cells, but expression of @entity1262 in aggregate cells was significantly elevated(P< 0.05). The @entity1262 mRNA positive nodes were confirmed by RT-PCR in the aggregate cells. The percentage of cells increased in G(0)-G(1) phase and decreased in S and G(2)-M phase significantly in spheroids cells. Spheroids cells showed higher cell viability than monolayer cells (P(A2780)=0.003, P( @entity1 )=0.015). More apoptotic cells were induced by Taxol in MCS cells than in monolayer cells. CONCLUSION: @entity43 A2780, CAOV3 multicellular spheroids cultures induced cell resistance to Taxol. High expression of @entity1262 was induced in ovarian multicellular spheroids and the cells were arrested in G(0)-G(1) phase.

title: [Resistance of multicellular spheroids to taxol in XXXX @entity43 and its mechanism].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of saline infusion on proximal @entity1372 reabsorption was compared in normal @entity235 and in @entity235 with acute or chronic partial thoracic vena cava obstruction. After acute vena cava obstruction, proximal fractional @entity1372 reabsorption rose by 74%. During continued caval obstruction, saline loading strikingly reduced proximal reabsorption but @entity1372 excretion remained minimal. In chronic caval @entity235 , saline loading reduced proximal fractional @entity1372 reabsorption by 31% but @entity1372 excretion in the micropunctured kidney was only 41 muEq/min. After saline infusion in normal @entity235 , proximal fractional @entity1372 reabsorption fell 39% while unilateral @entity1372 excretion rose to 584 muEq/min. Nephron filtration rate was also measured before and after saline loading in normal and chronic caval @entity235 in both repunctured and fresh tubules. There was a marked increase in nephron filtration rate in repunctured tubules and no change in freshly punctured tubules in both groups. The effect of saline loading on nephron filtration rate in normal and chronic caval @entity235 was similar, therefore, whether repunctured or fresh @entity4295 were considered.We conclude that saline infusion depresses proximal @entity1372 reabsorption in acute and chronic TVC @entity235 . Since saline loading markedly increases distal delivery without a concomitant natriuresis, enhanced distal reabsorption must play a major role in the @entity1372 retention exhibited by chronic caval @entity235 . Redistribution of filtrate does not appear to be a factor in this @entity1372 retention.

title: Proximal tubular function in XXXX with thoracic caval constriction.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The musculoskeletal system is one of the most commonly affected systems in @entity3377 . The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, types, and clinical features of @entity3084 among cases with @entity3377 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity233 and to establish the differences between @entity1 with and without @entity3084 . METHODS: Included in this study were 202 @entity1 with @entity3377 presented between June 2003 and June 2009. The diagnosis of @entity149 was established by physical examination and radiological findings obtained by diagnostic imaging tools. Magnetic resonance images of thoracic, lumbar or sacral vertebrae were acquired from @entity1 with @entity615 , @entity1643 and sacro-iliac joint @entity158 . RESULTS: Osteoarticular involvement was noted in 94 @entity1 (46.5%). The most common sources of infection are employment in farming and/or consumption of un-pasteurized milk or dairy products, especially fresh cheese in 53 (75.7%) cases. The mean age is 46.7  18 years. @entity6592 is the most frequent @entity3084 (60.6%), 82.4% of which is bilateral. @entity6592 was followed by @entity1512 in 36 (38.3%), peripheral @entity625 in 15 (16%), @entity2585 in 1(1.1%) case. @entity1 with @entity3084 received medical treatment for at least three months. CONCLUSION: The ratio and anatomical region of @entity3084 in @entity3377 show variability among countries. In this study, it is demonstrated that @entity6592 is the most common form of @entity3084 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity233 . In endemic countries such as @entity233 , this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for @entity1 with symptoms of @entity6592 , @entity1512 or those with @entity158 .

title: Osteoarticular involvement among 202 @entity3377 cases identified in Central Anatolia region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis', 'Sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular involvement']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular system complications']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'articular pain']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The musculoskeletal system is one of the most commonly affected systems in @entity3377 . The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, types, and clinical features of @entity3084 among cases with @entity3377 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity233 and to establish the differences between @entity1 with and without @entity3084 . METHODS: Included in this study were 202 @entity1 with @entity3377 presented between June 2003 and June 2009. The diagnosis of @entity149 was established by physical examination and radiological findings obtained by diagnostic imaging tools. Magnetic resonance images of thoracic, lumbar or sacral vertebrae were acquired from @entity1 with @entity615 , @entity1643 and sacro-iliac joint @entity158 . RESULTS: Osteoarticular involvement was noted in 94 @entity1 (46.5%). The most common sources of infection are employment in farming and/or consumption of un-pasteurized milk or dairy products, especially fresh cheese in 53 (75.7%) cases. The mean age is 46.7  18 years. @entity6592 is the most frequent @entity3084 (60.6%), 82.4% of which is bilateral. @entity6592 was followed by @entity1512 in 36 (38.3%), peripheral @entity625 in 15 (16%), @entity2585 in 1(1.1%) case. @entity1 with @entity3084 received medical treatment for at least three months. CONCLUSION: The ratio and anatomical region of @entity3084 in @entity3377 show variability among countries. In this study, it is demonstrated that @entity6592 is the most common form of @entity3084 in the Central Anatolia region of @entity233 . In endemic countries such as @entity233 , this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis for @entity1 with symptoms of @entity6592 , @entity1512 or those with @entity158 .

title: Osteoarticular involvement among 202 XXXX cases identified in Central Anatolia region of @entity233 .

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: A 58-year old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for treatment of an abdominal mass. As for him, @entity5 resection with right nephrectomy had been performed ten years ago for a giant well-differentiated @entity20597 . CT examination showed a huge @entity5 shadow in the abdominal cavity. Abdominal MRI examination showed a 15   8 cm @entity5 with almost high signal intensity on the T2 weighted images. At laparotomy, a large bulky @entity5 pointed out before an operation was found. Surgical extirpation of the @entity5 was performed. Besides, several @entity5 of the thumb head size were detected into right retroperitoneal fatty tissue. The right side mesocolon and the @entity5 were not able to exfoliate, therefore right hemicolectomy was performed. Histological features showed @entity1821 . The postoperative course was uneventful. But eight months after surgery, he was admitted again for treatment of a 4   3 cm @entity5 . Extirpation of the @entity5 was performed. Histological finding of this @entity5 also showed @entity1821 . Dedifferentiation, occurring in 15% of the well-differentiated @entity1821 , sometimes may develop later. Long-term detailed follow-up is necessary for well-differentiated @entity1821 .

title: A case of XXXX which recurred ten years later from the initial operation.

entities_list: @entity20597 :: ('MESH:D010501', 'Disease') :: ['perinephric liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity20597 :: (MESH:D010501,Disease) :: ['perinephric liposarcoma']