abstract: The effect of the non-peptide selective tachykinin @entity16325 antagonist @entity13631 has been investigated on @entity4 formation and neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity130 (50 degrees C for 5 min), mustard oil, substance P, the tachykinin NK1 agonist @entity62525 , and @entity3426 in the abdominal skin of the anaesthetised @entity35 . @entity13631 significantly inhibited (120 nmol/kg i.v.) or prevented (240 nmol/kg i.v.) the early @entity4 formation (0-10 min) induced by @entity130 . However, a dosing strategy which blocked NK1 receptors for 5 h ( @entity13631 , 240 nmol/kg i.v. + 240 nmol/kg s.c.) failed to influence neutrophil accumulation measured 5 h after @entity130 . Thus, the neurogenic component mediated by NK1 receptors is important to elicit the early @entity4 formation, but does not influence subsequent neutrophil accumulation. Topical application of mustard oil (2%), a @entity13624 stimulant, caused @entity16325 -mediated early neurogenic plasma extravasation, but did not induce cutaneous neutrophil accumulation over 5 h. Substance P and @entity62525 at high doses (1 nmol/site) also failed to elicit neutrophil accumulation. Neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity3426 (0.03-3 pmol i.d.) was not affected by @entity13631 pretreatment. In conclusion, despite an early pronounced tachykinin @entity16325 -dependent @entity4 response after @entity130 , the results suggest that subsequent neutrophil accumulation is not mediated by NK1 receptors. Furthermore, we have not obtained any evidence to suggest that either endogenous or exogenous @entity4756 can directly induce neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature.

title: Lack of evidence for @entity4756 @entity16325 -mediated neutrophil accumulation in the XXXX cutaneous microvasculature by @entity130 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Virilization due to @entity342 -secreting @entity5 in @entity1 is a result of @entity342 overproduction from benign or @entity5 that are found in the ovaries or rarely in the adrenal glands. @entity5 that arise from ectopic adrenal tissue are extremely rare. We describe a very rare case of an ectopic @entity342 -producing @entity5 . DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: Endocrinology outpatient department of university-affiliated teaching hospital. @entity1 (S): A 45-year-old @entity1 with symptoms of virilization of abrupt onset and rapid progression, with high serum @entity342 hormone levels and normal glucocorticoid secretion. INTERVENTION(S): Basal hormonal levels, stimulation and suppression tests, imaging techniques, and selective venous sampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Localization and surgical removal of the source of @entity342 production. RESULT(S): An ectopic mass was detected behind the left iliopsoas muscle. The @entity1 was operated on and an oblong-shaped lesion, weighing 6 g, was removed. Histologically, the tissue was identified to be of adrenal origin. Postoperatively the @entity342 levels decreased to normal levels. CONCLUSION(S): This case illustrates difficulties in detecting and localizing the rare contingence of an ectopic adrenocortical @entity342 -secreting @entity5 .

title: Virilization caused by an ectopic XXXX located behind the iliopsoas muscle.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Virilizing tumors', 'adrenal tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adrenal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated exhaled NO measurement during @entity697 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate exhaled NO fraction (FE(NO)) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) time-courses during @entity697 treatment ( @entity2263 -agonist plus systemic @entity134 ) and to assess whether FE(NO) time-course predicts subsequent @entity565 control. METHODS: Sixty-five @entity748 @entity1 (mean +/- SD, 34 +/- 10 years) were prospectively enrolled in three Emergency Departments. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were excluded (failure of offline FE(NO) measurement at 100 mL/s [FE(NO 0.1)], n = 4, and early discharge). The 49 remaining @entity1 performed FE(NO 0.1) and PEF on admission, at the 2nd (H2) and 6th hour (H6). Follow-up using an Asthma Control Diary was obtained in 27 of 49 @entity1 , whether they were hospitalized (n = 9) or discharged (n = 18). All but 2 @entity1 had elevated FE(NO) on admission (median [interquartile], 49 [26-78] ppb). Unlike PEF, mean FE(NO 0.1) of our sample was not significantly modified by treatment. No significant relationship was evidenced between exhaled NO and PEF variations. The variation of FE(NO 0.1) [H0 minus H6] was different in @entity1 who were hospitalized (decrease of 8 +/- 20 ppb) versus discharged (increase of 5 +/- 20 ppb, p = 0.04). This variation of FE(NO 0.1) was correlated with the Diary score (control of subsequent week), an initial increase in FE(NO 0.1) being associated with better @entity565 control. Nevertheless, neither exhaled NO nor PEFR were good predictors of @entity565 control. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in FE(NO) is observed in almost all @entity1 with @entity697 , and its subsequent increase within 6 hours is associated with a better degree of @entity565 control in the subsequent week.

title: Offline exhaled nitric oxide in emergency department and subsequent XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute asthma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of vorapaxar, a @entity8781 ( @entity8781 ) antagonist, in the management of @entity731 . DATA SOURCES: Peer-reviewed clinical trials and review articles were identified from MEDLINE and Current Content database (both 1966 to December 31, 2014) using the search terms vorapaxar and protease activator receptor antagonist. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 30 clinical studies were identified (16 clinical trials, including subanalyses, 14 related to pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics and drug interactions). DATA SYNTHESIS: Two phase III clinical trials with vorapaxar have been published. In @entity1 with non-ST segment elevation @entity583 ( @entity583 ), vorapaxar failed to significantly reduce the primary efficacy end point (composite of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity64 , recurrent @entity63 with hospitalization, and urgent coronary revascularization). Conversely, in a study of secondary prevention for @entity1 with @entity65 , the composite end point of @entity65 , @entity583 , or @entity64 was significantly reduced. In both trials, the safety end points of major/minor @entity548 were increased compared with placebo. In the secondary prevention trial, an increased incidence of @entity932 led to the exclusion of @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 . CONCLUSION: Vorapaxar is approved for use with @entity117 and/or @entity1397 in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in stable @entity1 with @entity3657 or a history of @entity583 . However, the addition of vorapaxar to other antiplatelets can significantly increase the risk of @entity548 . It is, therefore, essential to balance the need for further reduction of risk of @entity715 event with @entity1 's individual @entity548 risk.

title: Vorapaxar in XXXX Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['protease activator receptor-1', 'PAR-1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) @entity1288 ( @entity5708 )/ @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) 7.5/325-mg tablets have clinically relevant variability in population pharmacokinetics (PK). DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of 2 phase 1 randomized, open-label, multiple-dose crossover studies. SETTING: Single contract research organization clinic. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 55  years with a body mass index of 19 to 30  kg/m(2) and body weight >=   59  kg. METHODS: Fasted @entity1 (N  =  96) received 2 tablets of IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325  mg (total dose, 15/650  mg) every 12  hours for 4.5  days. Population PK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling and evaluated 6 population variables. RESULTS: The average PK estimates for @entity5708 were 75  L/hour for clearance (CL/F), 756  L for volume of distribution (V/F), and 0.581  per hour for absorption rate constant (Ka ). Body weight was a statistically significant source of variability in V/F for @entity5708 at steady state. Average estimates for @entity1443 were 25  L/hour for CL/F and 119  L for V/F. Sex was identified as a statistically significant source of variability in CL/F with predicted values for @entity1443 of 25  L/hour in @entity1 and 21  L/hour in @entity1 . Body weight affected variability in V/F, with a predicted value of 193  L in @entity1 and 174  L in @entity1 for a 72-kg @entity1 at steady state. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustments of <  50% are not clinically relevant for IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325-mg tablets considering the approved dose of 1 to 2 tablets every 8 to 12  hours; thus, adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from normal body weight but not for sex.

title: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetics of @entity1288 and XXXX Following Multiple Oral Doses of Biphasic Immediate-Release/Extended-Release @entity1288 / @entity1443 Tablets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'APAP']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) @entity1288 ( @entity5708 )/ @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) 7.5/325-mg tablets have clinically relevant variability in population pharmacokinetics (PK). DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of 2 phase 1 randomized, open-label, multiple-dose crossover studies. SETTING: Single contract research organization clinic. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 55  years with a body mass index of 19 to 30  kg/m(2) and body weight >=   59  kg. METHODS: Fasted @entity1 (N  =  96) received 2 tablets of IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325  mg (total dose, 15/650  mg) every 12  hours for 4.5  days. Population PK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling and evaluated 6 population variables. RESULTS: The average PK estimates for @entity5708 were 75  L/hour for clearance (CL/F), 756  L for volume of distribution (V/F), and 0.581  per hour for absorption rate constant (Ka ). Body weight was a statistically significant source of variability in V/F for @entity5708 at steady state. Average estimates for @entity1443 were 25  L/hour for CL/F and 119  L for V/F. Sex was identified as a statistically significant source of variability in CL/F with predicted values for @entity1443 of 25  L/hour in @entity1 and 21  L/hour in @entity1 . Body weight affected variability in V/F, with a predicted value of 193  L in @entity1 and 174  L in @entity1 for a 72-kg @entity1 at steady state. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustments of <  50% are not clinically relevant for IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325-mg tablets considering the approved dose of 1 to 2 tablets every 8 to 12  hours; thus, adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from normal body weight but not for sex.

title: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetics of @entity1288 and @entity1443 Following Multiple Oral Doses of Biphasic Immediate-Release/Extended-Release @entity1288 / XXXX Tablets.

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['Acetaminophen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) @entity1288 ( @entity5708 )/ @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) 7.5/325-mg tablets have clinically relevant variability in population pharmacokinetics (PK). DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of 2 phase 1 randomized, open-label, multiple-dose crossover studies. SETTING: Single contract research organization clinic. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 55  years with a body mass index of 19 to 30  kg/m(2) and body weight >=   59  kg. METHODS: Fasted @entity1 (N  =  96) received 2 tablets of IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325  mg (total dose, 15/650  mg) every 12  hours for 4.5  days. Population PK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling and evaluated 6 population variables. RESULTS: The average PK estimates for @entity5708 were 75  L/hour for clearance (CL/F), 756  L for volume of distribution (V/F), and 0.581  per hour for absorption rate constant (Ka ). Body weight was a statistically significant source of variability in V/F for @entity5708 at steady state. Average estimates for @entity1443 were 25  L/hour for CL/F and 119  L for V/F. Sex was identified as a statistically significant source of variability in CL/F with predicted values for @entity1443 of 25  L/hour in @entity1 and 21  L/hour in @entity1 . Body weight affected variability in V/F, with a predicted value of 193  L in @entity1 and 174  L in @entity1 for a 72-kg @entity1 at steady state. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustments of <  50% are not clinically relevant for IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325-mg tablets considering the approved dose of 1 to 2 tablets every 8 to 12  hours; thus, adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from normal body weight but not for sex.

title: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetics of XXXX and @entity1443 Following Multiple Oral Doses of Biphasic Immediate-Release/Extended-Release @entity1288 / @entity1443 Tablets.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['Oxycodone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) @entity1288 ( @entity5708 )/ @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) 7.5/325-mg tablets have clinically relevant variability in population pharmacokinetics (PK). DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of 2 phase 1 randomized, open-label, multiple-dose crossover studies. SETTING: Single contract research organization clinic. SUBJECTS: @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18 to 55  years with a body mass index of 19 to 30  kg/m(2) and body weight >=   59  kg. METHODS: Fasted @entity1 (N  =  96) received 2 tablets of IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325  mg (total dose, 15/650  mg) every 12  hours for 4.5  days. Population PK analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling and evaluated 6 population variables. RESULTS: The average PK estimates for @entity5708 were 75  L/hour for clearance (CL/F), 756  L for volume of distribution (V/F), and 0.581  per hour for absorption rate constant (Ka ). Body weight was a statistically significant source of variability in V/F for @entity5708 at steady state. Average estimates for @entity1443 were 25  L/hour for CL/F and 119  L for V/F. Sex was identified as a statistically significant source of variability in CL/F with predicted values for @entity1443 of 25  L/hour in @entity1 and 21  L/hour in @entity1 . Body weight affected variability in V/F, with a predicted value of 193  L in @entity1 and 174  L in @entity1 for a 72-kg @entity1 at steady state. CONCLUSIONS: Dose adjustments of <  50% are not clinically relevant for IR/ER @entity5708 / @entity1443 7.5/325-mg tablets considering the approved dose of 1 to 2 tablets every 8 to 12  hours; thus, adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from normal body weight but not for sex.

title: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis of Population Pharmacokinetics of @entity1288 and @entity1443 Following Multiple Oral Doses of Biphasic Immediate-Release/Extended-Release XXXX / @entity1443 Tablets.

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['Oxycodone']


abstract: 1. A purification of @entity5097 dehydrogenase is described. 2. The final preparation is active with @entity2125 and @entity1110 and with a number of @entity28869 , but evidence is presented to support the view that a single enzyme is involved. 3. @entity2125 showed product inhibition, but at slightly acid pH values there was evidence of co-operative binding. 4. At acid pH values @entity855 was a potent inhibitor and appears to be an allosteric effector. At neutral or alkaline pH values @entity855 behaved as a weak competitive inhibitor. 5. The physiological significance of inhibition by @entity855 is discussed.

title: Purification and properties of XXXX dehydrogenase from potato tubers.

entities_list: @entity28869 :: ('MESH:D007651', 'Chemical') :: ['keto acids']

answer: @entity5097 :: (CHEBI:16651,Chemical) :: ['L(+)-lactate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Protein receptor conformations, obtained from @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations, have become a promising treatment of its explicit flexibility in molecular docking experiments applied to drug discovery and development. However, incorporating the entire ensemble of @entity74 conformations in docking experiments to screen large candidate compound libraries is currently an unfeasible task. Clustering algorithms have been widely used as a means to reduce such ensembles to a manageable size. Most studies investigate different algorithms using pairwise Root-Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values for all, or part of the @entity74 conformations. Nevertheless, the RMSD only may not be the most appropriate gauge to cluster conformations when the target receptor has a plastic active site, since they are influenced by changes that occur on other parts of the structure. Hence, we have applied two partitioning methods (k-means and k-medoids) and four agglomerative hierarchical methods (Complete linkage, Ward's, Unweighted Pair Group Method and Weighted Pair Group Method) to analyze and compare the quality of partitions between a data set composed of properties from an enzyme receptor substrate-binding cavity and two data sets created using different RMSD approaches. Ensembles of representative @entity74 conformations were generated by selecting a medoid of each group from all partitions analyzed. We investigated the performance of our new method for evaluating binding conformation of drug candidates to the @entity11225 enzyme, which were performed by cross-docking experiments between a 20 ns @entity74 trajectory and 20 different ligands. Statistical analyses showed that the novel ensemble, which is represented by only 0.48% of the @entity74 conformations, was able to reproduce 75% of all dynamic behaviors within the binding cavity for the docking experiments performed. Moreover, this new approach not only outperforms the other two RMSD-clustering solutions, but it also shows to be a promising strategy to distill biologically relevant information from @entity74 trajectories, especially for docking purposes.

title: An Effective Approach for Clustering XXXX Molecular Dynamics Trajectory Using Substrate-Binding Cavity Features.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity11225 :: (3623,Gene) :: ['InhA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is recognised that ageing induces various changes to the @entity1 colonic microbiota. Most relevant is a reduction in bifidobacteria, which is a health-positive genus. Prebiotics, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), are dietary ingredients that selectively fortify beneficial gut microbial groups. Therefore, they have the potential to reverse the age-related decline in bifidobacteria and modulate associated health parameters. We assessed the effect of GOS mixture (Bimuno (B-GOS)) on gut microbiota, markers of immune function and metabolites in forty elderly (age 65-80 years) volunteers in a randomised, double-blind, placebo (maltodextrin)-controlled, cross-over study. The intervention periods consisted of 10 weeks with daily doses of 5  5  g/d with a 4-week washout period in between. Blood and faecal samples were collected for the analyses of faecal bacterial populations and immune and metabolic biomarkers. B-GOS consumption led to significant increases in bacteroides and bifidobacteria, the latter correlating with increased @entity880 in faecal waters. Higher @entity688 , @entity687 , natural killer cell activity and C-reactive protein and lower @entity1356 were also observed. Administration of B-GOS to elderly volunteers may be useful in positively affecting the microbiota and some markers of immune function associated with ageing.

title: Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to review the available prospective, randomized, controlled trials to determine whether an early ( @entity11274 ) or a delayed (DLC) approach to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with an increase in length of hospitalization after acute @entity2679 . METHODS: Medline, the Cochrane Trials Register and EMBASE were searched for prospective, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing @entity11274 versus DLC, published up to May 2014. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0. RESULTS: Nine RCTs were included in a total of 617 who underwent @entity11274 and 603 @entity1 who underwent DLC after acute @entity2679 . The mean hospital stay was 5.4  days in the @entity11274 group and 9.1  days in the DLC group. The meta-analysis showed a mean hospital stay significantly lower in the @entity11274 group [ @entity910 ( @entity910 )  =  3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI)  =  1.95-4.54, P  <  0.001]. The major biliary duct injury rate in the @entity11274 group was 0.8% (2/247) and 0.9% (2/223) in the DLC group. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the @entity11274 and DLC groups [relative risk (RR)  =0.96, 95%CI  =  0.25-3.73, P  =  0.950]. CONCLUSION: DLC is associated with a longer total hospital stay but equivalent morbidity as compared to @entity11274 for @entity1 presenting with acute @entity2679 . @entity11274 would appear to be the treatment of choice for @entity1 presenting with @entity11274 .

title: Delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy increases the total hospital stay compared to an early laparoscopic cholecystectomy after acute XXXX : an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'medical doctor']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection (TFESI) is a commonly used interventional @entity158 management procedures to treat radicular leg @entity158 . Although most reported complications of TFESI are minor, serious morbidity has also been demonstrated including @entity1188 , @entity451 , and @entity1688 . Suggested mechanisms include @entity1317 or intravascular injection of particulate @entity479 . OBJECTIVE: We compared 2 different needle types, @entity113 , with regard to intravascular injection rate with total procedure time and the amount of radiation during lumbar TFESI. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity158 management practice in South Korea. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, 149 @entity1 undergoing lumbar TFESI for radicular leg @entity158 were randomly assigned to one of 2 needle groups (Whitacre needle or Quincke type needle). After final confirmation of intravascular injection with digital subtraction angiography, total procedure time and amount of radiation exposure during TFESI were measured. RESULTS: The overall incidence of intravascular injection was 10.4% (28/269). We analyzed the overall incidence of intravascular injection according to the 2 different needle types. The incidence of intravascular injection of the Whitacre needle was 5.4% (8/146), whereas the incidence of intravascular injection of the Quincke needle was 16.2% (20/123). Total procedure time and amount of radiation required to complete the TFESI in the Whitacre and Quincke needle groups was 168.4    57.9 (seconds) and 33.4    15.9 (cGy/cm2), 131.9    46.0 (seconds) and 33.2    15.8 (cGy/cm2), respectively. LIMITATIONS: The physician who performed the TFESI was not blinded to the type of needle for detecting intravascular injection. This study was focused on lumbar TFESI, however, most TFESIs are performed at the L4-5 or L5-S1 level. CONCLUSION: The Whitacre needle had the benefit of reducing the incidence of intravascular injection with minimal differences in technical difficulties and the amount of radiation exposure during lumbar TFESI. KEY WORDS: Transforaminal epidural @entity479 injection, complication, intravascular injection, Whitacre needle, Quincke needle, procedure time, radiation, digital subtraction angiography.

title: Whitacre Needle Reduces the Incidence of Intravascular Uptake in Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural XXXX Injections.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord infarction']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['Whitacre and Quincke type needles']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['direct vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association of high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) with @entity731 may be stronger than that of HDL- @entity165 (HDL-C) and independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether associations persist in populations at low risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) remains unclear. This study examines the associations of HDL-P and HDL-C with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque counts among Japanese @entity1 , who characteristically have higher HDL-C levels and a lower @entity301 burden than those in @entity1 of Western populations. METHODS: We cross-sectionally examined a community-based sample of 870 Japanese @entity1 aged 40-79 years, free of known clinical @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and not on lipid-lowering medication. @entity1 were randomly selected among Japanese living in Kusatsu City in Shiga, Japan. RESULTS: Both HDL-P and HDL-C were inversely and independently associated with cIMT in models adjusted for conventional @entity301 risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and @entity6 . HDL-P maintained an association with cIMT after further adjustment for HDL-C (P  <  0.01), whereas the association of HDL-C with cIMT was noticeably absent after inclusion of HDL-P in the model. In plaque counts of the carotid arteries, HDL-P was significantly associated with a reduction in plaque count, whereas HDL-C was not. CONCLUSION: HDL-P, in comparison to HDL-C, is more strongly associated with measures of @entity2998 in a cross-sectional study of Japanese @entity1 . Findings demonstrate that, HDL-P is a strong correlate of subclinical @entity731 even in a population at low risk for @entity301 .

title: High-density lipoprotein particle concentration and subclinical XXXX of the carotid arteries in Japanese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association of high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL-P) with @entity731 may be stronger than that of HDL- @entity165 (HDL-C) and independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether associations persist in populations at low risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) remains unclear. This study examines the associations of HDL-P and HDL-C with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque counts among Japanese @entity1 , who characteristically have higher HDL-C levels and a lower @entity301 burden than those in @entity1 of Western populations. METHODS: We cross-sectionally examined a community-based sample of 870 Japanese @entity1 aged 40-79 years, free of known clinical @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and not on lipid-lowering medication. @entity1 were randomly selected among Japanese living in Kusatsu City in Shiga, Japan. RESULTS: Both HDL-P and HDL-C were inversely and independently associated with cIMT in models adjusted for conventional @entity301 risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and @entity6 . HDL-P maintained an association with cIMT after further adjustment for HDL-C (P  <  0.01), whereas the association of HDL-C with cIMT was noticeably absent after inclusion of HDL-P in the model. In plaque counts of the carotid arteries, HDL-P was significantly associated with a reduction in plaque count, whereas HDL-C was not. CONCLUSION: HDL-P, in comparison to HDL-C, is more strongly associated with measures of @entity2998 in a cross-sectional study of Japanese @entity1 . Findings demonstrate that, HDL-P is a strong correlate of subclinical @entity731 even in a population at low risk for @entity301 .

title: High-density lipoprotein particle concentration and subclinical @entity731 of the carotid arteries in Japanese XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal @entity2615 is a @entity395 with poor prognosis. The present study reports single center experience with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity901 (HIPEC-OX) over an eight-year period. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of all consecutive @entity1 with epithelial or multicystic peritoneal @entity2615 from August 2004 to October 2012 was analyzed. @entity1 with @entity1358 or biphasic peritoneal @entity2615 were not included due to general poor prognosis. Treatment consisted in @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX (460  mg/m(2)) at 43    C during 30  min. For statistical analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared using log-rank tests. Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to analyze the influence of different variables on survival. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with peritoneal @entity2615 underwent laparotomy with @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX with curative intent (15 epithelial, and 4 multicystic). Mean follow-up was 36.7 months. The estimated one-year and three-year overall survival rates were respectively 100% and 91%. The estimated one-year and three-year disease-free survival rates were respectively 77% and 50%. Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification [1] and major complications occurred in 57% of cases. There was no postoperative mortality. Histological grade was not a prognostic factor of disease-free survival (p  =  0.37). CONCLUSION: When comparing survival results as well as morbidity-mortality rates, the present study shows that @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX is a valid treatment for peritoneal @entity2615 .

title: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with XXXX for peritoneal @entity2615 : Preliminary results and survival analysis.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal @entity2615 is a @entity395 with poor prognosis. The present study reports single center experience with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity901 (HIPEC-OX) over an eight-year period. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of all consecutive @entity1 with epithelial or multicystic peritoneal @entity2615 from August 2004 to October 2012 was analyzed. @entity1 with @entity1358 or biphasic peritoneal @entity2615 were not included due to general poor prognosis. Treatment consisted in @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX (460  mg/m(2)) at 43    C during 30  min. For statistical analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared using log-rank tests. Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to analyze the influence of different variables on survival. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with peritoneal @entity2615 underwent laparotomy with @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX with curative intent (15 epithelial, and 4 multicystic). Mean follow-up was 36.7 months. The estimated one-year and three-year overall survival rates were respectively 100% and 91%. The estimated one-year and three-year disease-free survival rates were respectively 77% and 50%. Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification [1] and major complications occurred in 57% of cases. There was no postoperative mortality. Histological grade was not a prognostic factor of disease-free survival (p  =  0.37). CONCLUSION: When comparing survival results as well as morbidity-mortality rates, the present study shows that @entity1104 and HIPEC-OX is a valid treatment for peritoneal @entity2615 .

title: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity901 for peritoneal XXXX : Preliminary results and survival analysis.

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Large @entity4037 are often associated with physical, social, and health problems for the @entity1 , and surgical repair remains a challenge. Open components separation has widely been applied to obtain closure of the midline and recently a minimally invasive technique has been introduced (endoscopic components separation). The effectiveness and safety of endoscopic components separation have been demonstrated in previous reports, whereas little is known about quality of life in these @entity1 . With a focus on quality of life, we present the first @entity1 from our center operated on with endoscopic components separation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 19 consecutive @entity1 scheduled for open @entity547 repair with endoscopic components separation from October 2010 to June 2012 were included. All procedures included endoscopic components separation because of the @entity547 size. Demographic data, operative information, and @entity260 were recorded. All @entity1 completed two similar questionnaires regarding their function level, cosmetic satisfaction, analgesic medication, @entity167 consumption, and self-estimated physical and mental health before and after the @entity547 repair. @entity1 were assessed as outpatient median 2   months and 16   months after operation for exclusion of @entity547 recurrence and completion of the postoperative questionnaire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Operating room time was median 204   min and correlated significantly with the @entity547 size. A total of 21 @entity260 occurred in 14 @entity1 . The length of stay was median 6   days and correlated significantly with duration of the operation. Of these, 15 @entity1 participated in late follow-up visit. Two @entity1 experienced recurrent @entity547 . Postoperative function level, cosmetic satisfaction, and self-estimated physical and mental health improved significantly. @entity167 consumption was significantly reduced. Endoscopic components separation is a reliable method to repair large @entity4037 , although further studies are required to determine the exact benefits for @entity2483 repair versus conventional @entity547 repair.

title: Quality of Life after XXXX with Endoscopic Component Separation Technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic components separation hernia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernia Repair']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of the current study are to describe @entity2287 -enhanced MRI features of an acute flare of established @entity3811 in different joints and to examine a possible association between serum @entity414 and MRI signs indicative of ongoing @entity32 and/or @entity75 as well as association with disease characteristics and laboratory findings. Twenty-seven male @entity1 with established @entity102 agreed to participate, mean age 47.6  years, and mean disease duration in months 43.2 (  31.8). For all @entity1 , detailed demographic, disease characteristics, and laboratory findings were obtained and correlated with MRI findings. In 27 @entity1 with established gout, a total of 50 MRI studies were performed of the following joints: feet joints (n   =   23), ankles (n   =   18), knees (n   =   5), and hand and wrist joints (n   =   4). MRI revealed capsular thickening in 19 @entity1 , @entity236 ( @entity236 ) in 15, @entity8650 ( @entity8650 ) in 20, joint effusion in 21, @entity79 in 17, @entity2681 in 4, and @entity2762 in 9 cases. In 17 cases, tophaceous lesions were found. Post contrast MRI showed synovial thickening in seven cases. Positive correlations were observed between serum @entity414 levels and the following MRI findings: capsular thickening (r   =   0.552, p   =   0.003), @entity236 (r   =   0.668, p    <=   0.0001), @entity8650 (r   =   0.559, p   =   0.002), and @entity2762 (r   =   0.513, p   =   0.006). Using MRI in @entity102 , important features can be detected like @entity236 , minute @entity2681 , and @entity32 in post contrast MR images. Serum @entity414 (SUA) was positively correlated with capsular thickening, @entity236 , @entity8650 , and @entity2762 .

title: XXXX -enhanced MRI features of @entity3811 on top of chronic gouty involvement in different joints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'hypertrophic synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['soft tissue edema', 'STE']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural joint damage']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous erosions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gout']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema', 'BME']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['Gadolinium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of the current study are to describe @entity2287 -enhanced MRI features of an acute flare of established @entity3811 in different joints and to examine a possible association between serum @entity414 and MRI signs indicative of ongoing @entity32 and/or @entity75 as well as association with disease characteristics and laboratory findings. Twenty-seven male @entity1 with established @entity102 agreed to participate, mean age 47.6  years, and mean disease duration in months 43.2 (  31.8). For all @entity1 , detailed demographic, disease characteristics, and laboratory findings were obtained and correlated with MRI findings. In 27 @entity1 with established gout, a total of 50 MRI studies were performed of the following joints: feet joints (n   =   23), ankles (n   =   18), knees (n   =   5), and hand and wrist joints (n   =   4). MRI revealed capsular thickening in 19 @entity1 , @entity236 ( @entity236 ) in 15, @entity8650 ( @entity8650 ) in 20, joint effusion in 21, @entity79 in 17, @entity2681 in 4, and @entity2762 in 9 cases. In 17 cases, tophaceous lesions were found. Post contrast MRI showed synovial thickening in seven cases. Positive correlations were observed between serum @entity414 levels and the following MRI findings: capsular thickening (r   =   0.552, p   =   0.003), @entity236 (r   =   0.668, p    <=   0.0001), @entity8650 (r   =   0.559, p   =   0.002), and @entity2762 (r   =   0.513, p   =   0.006). Using MRI in @entity102 , important features can be detected like @entity236 , minute @entity2681 , and @entity32 in post contrast MR images. Serum @entity414 (SUA) was positively correlated with capsular thickening, @entity236 , @entity8650 , and @entity2762 .

title: @entity2287 -enhanced MRI features of XXXX on top of chronic gouty involvement in different joints.

answer: @entity3811 :: (MESH:D015210,Disease) :: ['acute gouty arthritis']


abstract: The cases of 11 @entity1 with @entity1276 secondary to @entity6583 are analyzed. Most of the @entity1 had suffered from @entity302 before they developed hydrocephalic symptoms, and computerized tomography showed that infestation of the parenchyma coexisted with ventricular or cisternal colonization. In four cases, the parasitic vesicles compromised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system, resulting in internal @entity1276 . Communicating @entity1276 , caused by the presence of Cysticercus larvae in the basal cisterns (Cysticercus racemosus), or by the occurrence of a @entity693 , or both, developed in seven more @entity1 . Changes in CSF pressure were related to the number and location of the cysts and to the leptomeningeal inflammatory reactions evoked by them. The majority of @entity1 presented with a chronic and relatively normotensive @entity1276 . All @entity1 except one had identifiable ventricular or cisternal Cysticercus larvae; these @entity1 were treated with open removal of the cysts, and did well. However, most of them had impairment of CSF flow through the basal cisterns and required permanent CSF shunting. Communicating @entity1276 due to @entity2318 was also successfully managed with extracranial shunting. @entity302 was controlled with anticonvulsant therapy. Although good lasting results may be obtained with aggressive treatment of @entity6583 , @entity1 are liable to relapse because surgery is only palliative in most instances.

title: @entity1276 in XXXX . Pathogenic and therapeutic considerations.

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cysticercosis', 'neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal scarring']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['chronic basal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['cerebral cysticercosis']


abstract: The cases of 11 @entity1 with @entity1276 secondary to @entity6583 are analyzed. Most of the @entity1 had suffered from @entity302 before they developed hydrocephalic symptoms, and computerized tomography showed that infestation of the parenchyma coexisted with ventricular or cisternal colonization. In four cases, the parasitic vesicles compromised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system, resulting in internal @entity1276 . Communicating @entity1276 , caused by the presence of Cysticercus larvae in the basal cisterns (Cysticercus racemosus), or by the occurrence of a @entity693 , or both, developed in seven more @entity1 . Changes in CSF pressure were related to the number and location of the cysts and to the leptomeningeal inflammatory reactions evoked by them. The majority of @entity1 presented with a chronic and relatively normotensive @entity1276 . All @entity1 except one had identifiable ventricular or cisternal Cysticercus larvae; these @entity1 were treated with open removal of the cysts, and did well. However, most of them had impairment of CSF flow through the basal cisterns and required permanent CSF shunting. Communicating @entity1276 due to @entity2318 was also successfully managed with extracranial shunting. @entity302 was controlled with anticonvulsant therapy. Although good lasting results may be obtained with aggressive treatment of @entity6583 , @entity1 are liable to relapse because surgery is only palliative in most instances.

title: XXXX in @entity6583 . Pathogenic and therapeutic considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quadrivalent live attenuated @entity683 vaccine (LAIV4) was approved in 2012 for healthy @entity1 aged 2-49 years. Beginning with the 2013-2014 @entity683 season, LAIV4 replaced trivalent live attenuated @entity683 vaccine (LAIV3). METHODS: We analyzed LAIV4 reports to VAERS, a national spontaneous reporting system. LAIV4 reports in 2013-2014 were compared to LAIV3 reports from the previous three @entity683 seasons. Medical records were reviewed for non-manufacturer serious reports (i.e., @entity204 , hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, life-threatening illness, @entity2319 ) and reports of selected conditions of interest. We conducted Empirical Bayesian data mining to identify disproportional reporting for LAIV4. RESULTS: In 2013-2014, 12.7 million doses of LAIV4 were distributed and VAERS received 779 reports in individuals aged 2-49 years; 95% were non-serious. Expired drug administered (42%), @entity221 (13%) and cough (8%) were most commonly reported in @entity1 aged 2-17 years when LAIV4 was administered alone, while @entity10 (18%), expired drug administered (15%) and exposure during pregnancy (12%) were most common in adults aged 18-49 years. We identified one @entity204 report in a @entity1 who died from complications of @entity17692 . Among non- @entity204 serious reports, neurologic conditions were common in @entity1 and adults. In @entity1 , @entity410 (3) and @entity5011 (2) were the most common serious neurologic outcomes. We identified three serious reports of @entity565 /wheezing following LAIV4 in @entity1 . Data mining detected disproportional reporting for vaccine administration errors and for @entity683 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of VAERS reports for LAIV4 did not identify any concerning patterns. The data mining finding for reports of @entity683 is consistent with low LAIV4 vaccine effectiveness observed for @entity66 in @entity1 in 2013-2014. Reports of LAIV4 administration to @entity1 in whom the vaccine is not recommended (e.g., pregnant @entity1 ) indicate the need for education, training and screening regarding indications.

title: Post-licensure surveillance of quadrivalent live attenuated XXXX vaccine United States, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), July 2013-June 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A disease']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza illness']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Pharmacy compounded products are not regulated to the same standards as commercially available, approved products, increasing potential safety and efficacy risks to @entity1 . This report describes an in vitro study examining consistency of content and release profile of compounded @entity33935 fumarates. Methods: Samples of compounded @entity15626 (cDMF-A, cDMF-B, cFumaderm) from separate Austrian compounding pharmacies were analyzed for drug content, uniformity of dosage, impurity, and in vitro release. Results: The average @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ) content ranged from 102.5 to 96.7% of the 120   mg content listed on the product labels. While the @entity9104 capsule-to-capsule content of cDMF-A was somewhat uniform (~20% difference), there was greater variability amongst cDMF-B and cFumaderm capsules (>   30% difference). Impurity testing revealed 2 and 4 unknown components within cDMF-A and cDMF-B, respectively, with levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.81% of total drug content. In in vitro testing of cDMF-A,>10% (12   mg) of @entity9104 was released after 120   min in simulated gastric fluid and 17% (20   mg) released in simulated intestinal fluid after 60   min. While minimal amount of @entity9104 was released from cDMF-B in simulated gastric fluid, 50% (60   mg) of @entity9104 was released after 60   min in simulated intestinal fluid. Similarly for cFumaderm, a fraction (<   20   mg) of the 120   mg target dose was released after several hours in simulated intestinal fluid. The uniformity of release rates across capsules varied significantly. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that compounded @entity15627 are not equivalent to licensed products and may present unknown safety, efficacy, or quality risks.

title: Compounded Formulations of XXXX Show Significant Variability in Product Characteristics.

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarates']

entities_list: @entity33935 :: ('CHEBI:42266', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['Dimethyl Fumarate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to establish the role of Achieve Mapping Catheter in cryoablation for paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) in a randomized trial. METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 undergoing their first ablation for PAF were randomized at 2:1 to an Achieve- or Lasso-guided procedure. Study @entity1 were systematically followed up for 12  months with Holter monitoring. Primary study endpoint was acute procedure success. Secondary endpoint was clinical outcomes assessed by AF free at 6 and 12  months after the procedure. RESULTS: Of 102 @entity1 , 99  % of acute procedure success was achieved. Significantly shorter procedure duration with the Achieve-guided group than with the Lasso-guided group (118        18 vs. 129        21  min, p   <   0.05) was observed as was the duration of fluoroscopy (17        5 vs. 20        7  min, p   <   0.05) by subgroup analysis focused on procedures performed by experienced operators. In the whole study @entity1 , procedure and fluoroscopic durations were similar in the Achieve- (n   =   68) and Lasso-guided groups (n   =   34). Transient @entity129 weakening was equally prevalent with the Achieve and Lasso. No association was found between clinical outcomes and the mapping catheter used. The use of second-generation cryoballoon (n   =   68) reduced procedure time significantly compared to the first-generation balloon (n   =   34); more @entity1 were free of AF in the former than the latter group during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Achieve Mapping Catheter can reduce procedure and fluoroscopic durations compared with Lasso catheters in cryoablation for PAF after operators gained sufficient experience. The type of mapping catheter used does not affect procedure efficiency and safety by models of cryoballoon.

title: Evaluation of the Achieve Mapping Catheter in cryoablation for XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: 1. Three adult dairy @entity291 were fitted with cannulas in a mesenteric, portal, hepatic and jugular vein and a carotid artery. They received infusions of step-wise increasing amounts of @entity3265 as @entity6190 via a mesenteric vein until NH 3 intoxication occurred. @entity13101 was used in control infusions. The maximum rate of uptake of @entity3655 by the liver and the concentrations of @entity413 , @entity1133 , @entity880 , @entity598 and @entity648 in blood were measured. 2. During the infusions of @entity6190 the liver extracted almost all the @entity3655 present in the portal vein until an infusion rate of approximately 15.0 mmol/min was reached. The maximum capacity of the liver to remove @entity3655 during its first pass was on average 1.84 mmol/min per kg wet weight. The @entity291 became intoxicated when arterial plasma @entity3265 concentrations reached 0.8 mmol/l. Concentrations of @entity3655 in jugular venous blood were between 66 and 74% of those in the carotid.

title: The maximum capacity of the liver of the adult dairy XXXX to metabolize @entity3265 .

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: 1. Three adult dairy @entity291 were fitted with cannulas in a mesenteric, portal, hepatic and jugular vein and a carotid artery. They received infusions of step-wise increasing amounts of @entity3265 as @entity6190 via a mesenteric vein until NH 3 intoxication occurred. @entity13101 was used in control infusions. The maximum rate of uptake of @entity3655 by the liver and the concentrations of @entity413 , @entity1133 , @entity880 , @entity598 and @entity648 in blood were measured. 2. During the infusions of @entity6190 the liver extracted almost all the @entity3655 present in the portal vein until an infusion rate of approximately 15.0 mmol/min was reached. The maximum capacity of the liver to remove @entity3655 during its first pass was on average 1.84 mmol/min per kg wet weight. The @entity291 became intoxicated when arterial plasma @entity3265 concentrations reached 0.8 mmol/l. Concentrations of @entity3655 in jugular venous blood were between 66 and 74% of those in the carotid.

title: The maximum capacity of the liver of the adult dairy @entity291 to metabolize XXXX .

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: Graduated compression stockings carry a potential risk of pressure, vascular and other complications. Current understanding of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) risk leaves it uncertain whether @entity1 with @entity173 should wear stockings on both legs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between the side of the @entity173 and the subsequent occurrence of symptomatic lower limb @entity1150 . SETTING: Single tertiary @entity130 centre, Wales. @entity1 : All 3657 @entity1 presenting with @entity173 between 2007 and 2013 were identified from our unit's National @entity173 Database. We excluded 404 @entity1 (11.0%) resident outside our catchment area, leaving a total of 3253. Median age was 83   years (  12.4). PRIMARY/SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We cross-linked @entity1 details with Medical Physics records, to identify 634 (19.5%) who had undergone one or more lower-limb Doppler-ultrasound scans at some point during the study period. The distribution rates of @entity1150 were calculated from this resulting data set. RESULTS: Many of the total 634 scans were unrelated to the @entity173 , including 225 (35.5%) performed prior to the @entity174 . We calculated a baseline rate of @entity1150 of 3.7/1000 @entity1 per year, for the 3-month period immediately before the @entity173 . Scans performed following @entity173 showed @entity1150 risk to be highest in the 3-month period after @entity174 (35.7/1000 @entity1 per year). This resulted from a six-fold increase in DVTs on the side of the @entity174 (29.5/1000 @entity1 per year, p<0.01). We found only a very small non-significant increase in @entity1150 on the contralateral leg (6.1/1000 @entity1 per year) CONCLUSIONS: The additional risk of @entity1150 after @entity173 is essentially confined to the fractured limb-the leg to which it is most painful to apply stockings. There appears little justification for the cost and potential risk of using stockings on the contralateral leg.

title: Mechanical prophylaxis after @entity173 : what is the risk of XXXX ? A retrospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip Fracture', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: Graduated compression stockings carry a potential risk of pressure, vascular and other complications. Current understanding of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) risk leaves it uncertain whether @entity1 with @entity173 should wear stockings on both legs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between the side of the @entity173 and the subsequent occurrence of symptomatic lower limb @entity1150 . SETTING: Single tertiary @entity130 centre, Wales. @entity1 : All 3657 @entity1 presenting with @entity173 between 2007 and 2013 were identified from our unit's National @entity173 Database. We excluded 404 @entity1 (11.0%) resident outside our catchment area, leaving a total of 3253. Median age was 83   years (  12.4). PRIMARY/SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We cross-linked @entity1 details with Medical Physics records, to identify 634 (19.5%) who had undergone one or more lower-limb Doppler-ultrasound scans at some point during the study period. The distribution rates of @entity1150 were calculated from this resulting data set. RESULTS: Many of the total 634 scans were unrelated to the @entity173 , including 225 (35.5%) performed prior to the @entity174 . We calculated a baseline rate of @entity1150 of 3.7/1000 @entity1 per year, for the 3-month period immediately before the @entity173 . Scans performed following @entity173 showed @entity1150 risk to be highest in the 3-month period after @entity174 (35.7/1000 @entity1 per year). This resulted from a six-fold increase in DVTs on the side of the @entity174 (29.5/1000 @entity1 per year, p<0.01). We found only a very small non-significant increase in @entity1150 on the contralateral leg (6.1/1000 @entity1 per year) CONCLUSIONS: The additional risk of @entity1150 after @entity173 is essentially confined to the fractured limb-the leg to which it is most painful to apply stockings. There appears little justification for the cost and potential risk of using stockings on the contralateral leg.

title: Mechanical prophylaxis after XXXX : what is the risk of @entity1150 ? A retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Purpose.: To investigate the potential of a pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) peptide 44-mer to promote limbal regeneration in a @entity95 partial @entity942 model. Methods.: Limbal excision (180  ) was created surgically, and topical application of 44-mer-containing ointment once a day for 2 weeks was started immediately after injury. Limbal barrier function was inspected at 2 and 6 months after treatment. @entity7499 was observed under slit-lamp microscope. The presence of goblet cells on the corneal surface was examined using impression cytology. The resulting repair tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies for putative limbal stem cell (LSC) markers   Np63a and @entity39102 . Cells harvested from the regenerated tissue were analyzed for colony-forming capacity and expression of LSC markers by immunostaining assay and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results.: Eyes treated with the 44-mer blocked vascularization and goblet cell migration onto the corneal surface. By means of immunohistochemical staining and cell isolation in the repair tissue, we showed that LSCs were widely distributed at the regenerated tissue after 44-mer treatment. The repaired limbus contributed robustly to corneal wound healing as effectively as undamaged limbus. Conclusions.: We demonstrated that 44-mer regenerates a functional limbus-like structure on limbal excision wounds. Our finding suggests that the PEDF peptide derivative may be an innovative strategy for tissue engineering and repair therapy in partial LSC @entity942 .

title: Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor Peptide Facilitates the Regeneration of a Functional Limbus in XXXX Partial Limbal Deficiency.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency diseases', 'limbal deficiency']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms evoked by @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling in @entity3225 in vivo. METHODS: @entity3225 was induced in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity8932 (-/-), @entity5001 (-/-), and @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 by intravitreal injections of a laboratory strain (RN6390) and two @entity3225 isolates of @entity794 . Disease progression was monitored by assessing corneal and vitreous haze, @entity3145 . Levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess neutrophil infiltration. @entity20474 ( @entity20474 ) expression was determined by immunostaining and dot blot. RESULTS: Eyes infected with either laboratory or clinical isolates exhibited higher levels of inflammatory mediators at the early stages of @entity281 ( <=24 hours) in @entity164 @entity19 than in @entity8932 (-/-) or @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . However, their levels surpassed that of @entity164 @entity19 at the later stages of @entity281 (>48 hours), coinciding with @entity989 . Both @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) retinas produced reduced levels of @entity20474 , and its deficiency ( @entity20474 (-/-)) rendered the @entity19 susceptible to @entity989 as early as 1 day post @entity281 . Analyses of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil levels in @entity164 versus @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 showed a trend similar to that observed in @entity8932 and @entity5001 KO @entity19 . Furthermore, we observed that even a 10-fold lower infective dose of @entity794 was sufficient to cause @entity3225 in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling plays an important role in protecting the retina from @entity3225 by production of the antimicrobial peptide @entity20474 .

title: In Vivo Role of @entity8932 and @entity5001 Signaling in Eliciting Innate Immune Responses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial burden, and retinal tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity20474 :: ('12796(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Cnlp', 'Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide', 'CRAMP']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['increased bacterial burden and retinal damage', 'increased bacterial burden and retinal tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endophthalmitis', 'staphylococcal endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis', 'Endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Staphylococcal Endophthalmitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms evoked by @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling in @entity3225 in vivo. METHODS: @entity3225 was induced in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity8932 (-/-), @entity5001 (-/-), and @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 by intravitreal injections of a laboratory strain (RN6390) and two @entity3225 isolates of @entity794 . Disease progression was monitored by assessing corneal and vitreous haze, @entity3145 . Levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess neutrophil infiltration. @entity20474 ( @entity20474 ) expression was determined by immunostaining and dot blot. RESULTS: Eyes infected with either laboratory or clinical isolates exhibited higher levels of inflammatory mediators at the early stages of @entity281 ( <=24 hours) in @entity164 @entity19 than in @entity8932 (-/-) or @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . However, their levels surpassed that of @entity164 @entity19 at the later stages of @entity281 (>48 hours), coinciding with @entity989 . Both @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) retinas produced reduced levels of @entity20474 , and its deficiency ( @entity20474 (-/-)) rendered the @entity19 susceptible to @entity989 as early as 1 day post @entity281 . Analyses of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil levels in @entity164 versus @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 showed a trend similar to that observed in @entity8932 and @entity5001 KO @entity19 . Furthermore, we observed that even a 10-fold lower infective dose of @entity794 was sufficient to cause @entity3225 in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling plays an important role in protecting the retina from @entity3225 by production of the antimicrobial peptide @entity20474 .

title: In Vivo Role of @entity8932 and XXXX Signaling in Eliciting Innate Immune Responses in @entity3225 .

answer: @entity5001 :: (17874(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['MyD88']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms evoked by @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling in @entity3225 in vivo. METHODS: @entity3225 was induced in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity8932 (-/-), @entity5001 (-/-), and @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 by intravitreal injections of a laboratory strain (RN6390) and two @entity3225 isolates of @entity794 . Disease progression was monitored by assessing corneal and vitreous haze, @entity3145 . Levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were determined using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to assess neutrophil infiltration. @entity20474 ( @entity20474 ) expression was determined by immunostaining and dot blot. RESULTS: Eyes infected with either laboratory or clinical isolates exhibited higher levels of inflammatory mediators at the early stages of @entity281 ( <=24 hours) in @entity164 @entity19 than in @entity8932 (-/-) or @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . However, their levels surpassed that of @entity164 @entity19 at the later stages of @entity281 (>48 hours), coinciding with @entity989 . Both @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) retinas produced reduced levels of @entity20474 , and its deficiency ( @entity20474 (-/-)) rendered the @entity19 susceptible to @entity989 as early as 1 day post @entity281 . Analyses of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil levels in @entity164 versus @entity20474 (-/-) @entity19 showed a trend similar to that observed in @entity8932 and @entity5001 KO @entity19 . Furthermore, we observed that even a 10-fold lower infective dose of @entity794 was sufficient to cause @entity3225 in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity5001 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8932 and @entity5001 signaling plays an important role in protecting the retina from @entity3225 by production of the antimicrobial peptide @entity20474 .

title: In Vivo Role of XXXX and @entity5001 Signaling in Eliciting Innate Immune Responses in @entity3225 .

answer: @entity8932 :: (24088(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that wait times before @entity150 surgery have been increasing, and wait time can negatively affect survival. We aimed to determine if a long delay caused by an indirect referral before a first urologist visit affects the survival of @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy for @entity150 . METHODS: We analyzed data from 1271 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity150 during the decade 2000-2009. The cohort was obtained by linking two administrative databases in the province of Quebec. @entity1 were considered to have been directly referred to a urologist if they had 5 or fewer visits with a general practitioner before their first urologist visit; otherwise, they were considered to have been indirectly referred. The effect on survival after surgery of a longer delay before a first urologist visit was assessed using Cox regression models. RESULTS: Median referral delay for the study population was 30 days (56 days for @entity1 , 23 days for @entity1 ; p < 0.0001). Indirect referral was observed for 49% of @entity1 and 33% of @entity1 . Compared with @entity1 who were directly referred, those who were indirectly referred after first symptoms of @entity150 experienced poorer survival (hazard ratio: 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.10 to 1.52). @entity1 who were indirectly referred had a significant 47% greater risk of @entity204 after radical cystectomy. @entity1 who were indirectly referred also experienced decreased survival (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.51). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 indirectly referred to a urologist had an increased risk of mortality after surgery. Compared with @entity1 , @entity1 had longer wait times and poorer survival.

title: Urologist referral delay and its impact on survival after radical cystectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: CHARM-02 is a crossover, double-blind, randomized trial to compare the safety and pharmacokinetics of three rectally applied @entity15833 1% gel candidate rectal microbicides of varying osmolalities: @entity365 ( @entity365 ) (3111   mOsmol/kg), the @entity146 ( @entity146 ) (836   mOsmol/kg), and an isoosmolal rectal-specific formulation (RF) (479   mOsmol/kg). @entity1 (n   =   9) received a single, 4   ml, radiolabeled dose of each gel twice, once with and once without simulated unprotected receptive anal intercourse (RAI). The safety, plasma @entity15833 pharmacokinetics, colonic small molecule permeability, and SPECT/CT imaging of lower gastrointestinal distribution of drug and virus surrogate were assessed. There were no Grade 3 or 4 adverse events reported for any of the products. Overall, there were more Grade 2 adverse events in the @entity365 group compared to RF (p   =   0.006) and @entity146 (p   =   0.048). In the absence of simulated unprotected RAI, @entity365 had up to 3.8-fold greater systemic @entity15833 exposure, 26- to 234-fold higher colonic permeability of the drug surrogate, and 1.5- to 2-fold greater proximal migration in the colonic lumen, when compared to RF and @entity146 . Similar trends were observed with simulated unprotected RAI, but most did not reach statistical significance. SPECT analysis showed 86% (standard deviation 19%) of the drug surrogate colocalized with the virus surrogate in the colonic lumen. There were no significant differences between the @entity146 and RF formulation, with the exception of a higher plasma @entity15833 concentration of @entity146 in the absence of simulated unprotected RAI. @entity365 had the most adverse events, highest plasma @entity15833 concentrations, greater mucosal permeability of the drug surrogate, and most proximal colonic luminal migration compared to RF and @entity146 formulations. There were no major differences between RF and @entity146 formulations. Simultaneous assessment of @entity137 , systemic and luminal pharmacokinetics, and colocalization of drug and viral surrogates substantially informs rectal microbicide product development.

title: A Phase 1 Randomized, Blinded Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Colonic Distribution of Three Candidate Rectal Microbicide Formulations of XXXX 1% Gel with Simulated Unprotected Sex (CHARM-02).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced glycerin vaginal formulation', 'RGVF']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'vaginal formulation']

answer: @entity15833 :: (MESH:C096918,Chemical) :: ['Tenofovir']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) measurement using transient elastography can accurately assess the degree of @entity1575 , which is associated with the risk of the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We investigated whether @entity409 values could predict @entity157 de novo recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study analyzed 111 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent RFA and @entity409 measurement using transient elastography between May 2005 and April 2011. All @entity1 were followed until March 2013 to monitor for @entity157 recurrence. RESULTS: This study included 76 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.4 years, and the mean @entity409 value was 21.2 kPa. During the follow-up period (median 22.4 months), 47 (42.3%) @entity1 experienced @entity157 de novo recurrence, and 18 (16.2%) died. @entity1 with recurrence had significantly more frequent liver @entity82 , more frequent history of previous treatment for @entity157 , higher total @entity648 , larger spleen size, larger total @entity5 size, higher @entity5 number, higher @entity409 values, and lower platelet counts than those without recurrence (all P<0.05). On multivariate analysis, together with previous anti- @entity157 treatment history, @entity1 with @entity409 values >13.0 kPa were at significantly greater risk for recurrence after RFA, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.115 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.238-7.842, P<0.05). Moreover, @entity409 values independently predicted the mortality after RFA, with a HR of 9.834 (95% CI, 1.148-84.211, P<0.05), together with total @entity648 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity409 measurement is a useful predictor of @entity157 de novo recurrence and overall survival after RFA.

title: Use of transient elastography to predict de novo recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2942 ( @entity10219 ), a natural product from the Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia root, has been reported to improve cognitive function and exhibits neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies of the central nervous system. Synaptic transmission is the essential process of brain physiological functions such as learning and memory formation, and @entity10219 has been shown to facilitate the basic synaptic transmission. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Although our previous work has demonstrated that @entity10219 is able to potentiate the basic synaptic transmission, the potential mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of @entity10219 on the synaptic transmission and analysed the potential mechanism. We hope that these findings will contribute to explain the role of @entity10219 as a nootropic product or neuroprotective drug in the future. METHODS: Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded, by using in vitro field potential electrophysiology and whole-cell patch clamp techniques in acute hippocampal slices from @entity35 . RESULTS: @entity10219 perfusion significantly enhanced the slope of fEPSPs and reduced the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation. Moreover, @entity10219 increased the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs but only improved the frequency of mEPSCs rather than amplitude in hippocampal @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. With removal of extracellular @entity460 , @entity10219 treatment also enhanced the mEPSCs frequency without affecting amplitude. Interestingly, the increase of mEPSCs frequency caused by @entity10219 was blocked by chelation of intracellular @entity460 with @entity11008 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity10219 enhances the basic synaptic transmission via stimulating presynaptic intracellular @entity460 .

title: XXXX enhances hippocampal Schaffer collateral- @entity1249 synaptic transmission through modulating intracellular @entity460 .

entities_list: @entity2942 :: ('MESH:C493220', 'Chemical') :: ['Tenuigenin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2942 :: (MESH:C493220,Chemical) :: ['Tenuigenin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2942 ( @entity10219 ), a natural product from the Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia root, has been reported to improve cognitive function and exhibits neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies of the central nervous system. Synaptic transmission is the essential process of brain physiological functions such as learning and memory formation, and @entity10219 has been shown to facilitate the basic synaptic transmission. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Although our previous work has demonstrated that @entity10219 is able to potentiate the basic synaptic transmission, the potential mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of @entity10219 on the synaptic transmission and analysed the potential mechanism. We hope that these findings will contribute to explain the role of @entity10219 as a nootropic product or neuroprotective drug in the future. METHODS: Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded, by using in vitro field potential electrophysiology and whole-cell patch clamp techniques in acute hippocampal slices from @entity35 . RESULTS: @entity10219 perfusion significantly enhanced the slope of fEPSPs and reduced the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation. Moreover, @entity10219 increased the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs but only improved the frequency of mEPSCs rather than amplitude in hippocampal @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. With removal of extracellular @entity460 , @entity10219 treatment also enhanced the mEPSCs frequency without affecting amplitude. Interestingly, the increase of mEPSCs frequency caused by @entity10219 was blocked by chelation of intracellular @entity460 with @entity11008 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity10219 enhances the basic synaptic transmission via stimulating presynaptic intracellular @entity460 .

title: @entity2942 enhances hippocampal Schaffer collateral- XXXX synaptic transmission through modulating intracellular @entity460 .

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2942 ( @entity10219 ), a natural product from the Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia root, has been reported to improve cognitive function and exhibits neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies of the central nervous system. Synaptic transmission is the essential process of brain physiological functions such as learning and memory formation, and @entity10219 has been shown to facilitate the basic synaptic transmission. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Although our previous work has demonstrated that @entity10219 is able to potentiate the basic synaptic transmission, the potential mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the effect of @entity10219 on the synaptic transmission and analysed the potential mechanism. We hope that these findings will contribute to explain the role of @entity10219 as a nootropic product or neuroprotective drug in the future. METHODS: Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were recorded, by using in vitro field potential electrophysiology and whole-cell patch clamp techniques in acute hippocampal slices from @entity35 . RESULTS: @entity10219 perfusion significantly enhanced the slope of fEPSPs and reduced the ratio of paired-pulse facilitation. Moreover, @entity10219 increased the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs but only improved the frequency of mEPSCs rather than amplitude in hippocampal @entity1249 pyramidal neurons. With removal of extracellular @entity460 , @entity10219 treatment also enhanced the mEPSCs frequency without affecting amplitude. Interestingly, the increase of mEPSCs frequency caused by @entity10219 was blocked by chelation of intracellular @entity460 with @entity11008 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity10219 enhances the basic synaptic transmission via stimulating presynaptic intracellular @entity460 .

title: @entity2942 enhances hippocampal Schaffer collateral- @entity1249 synaptic transmission through modulating intracellular XXXX .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Mediastinoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for mediastinal staging for @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The diagnostic value depends on how this procedure is performed, which has resulted in drafting a guideline by the European Society of Thoracic Surgery (ESTS). Biopsy of at least stations 4R, 4L, 7, and if present stations 2R and 2L, is recommended. The objective of this study is to assess the quality of the mediastinoscopies performed in our hospital for @entity1149 . Methods   Medical records of 102 consecutive @entity1 with suspected or proven @entity1149 and a performed cervical mediastinoscopy between January 2009 and November 2014 were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. The number of biopsied stations and complications has been prospectively documented, together with their clinical data. Results   Cervical mediastinoscopy was performed in 102 @entity1 and in 51 (50%) @entity1 biopsy was taken of stations 4R, 4L, and 7. N2/N3 disease emerged more significantly (p   <   0.05) if biopsies were taken of at least the paratracheal stations 4R/4L and the subcarinal region. The incidence of major complications was 3.9%. Conclusion   In our clinic, 50% of the mediastinoscopies performed are executed following the ESTS guidelines. Our results subscribe the need to biopsy at least the paratracheal stations 4L/4R and the subcarinal region to obtain a reliable assessment of the mediastinum.

title: Quality Assessment of Video Mediastinoscopy Performed for Staging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity189 of the thyroid ( @entity11166 ) is a rare @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that expresses somatostatin receptors on the cell membrane and secretes calcitonin. Surgery is the primary curative modality but is achieved only when the diagnosis is timely so there is a high rate of persistent and recurrent disease indicated by a rise in the serum calcitonin levels. Successful management of recurrent disease requires accurate localisation with cross sectional and functional imaging. The introduction of gallium-68-Dotatate ((68)Ga-Dotatate) peptides positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) has significantly improved the detection of @entity5 and has been reported as a valuable adjunct in @entity11166 localisation. We retrospectively reviewed our cases of @entity11166 to correlate the detectability of (68)Ga-Dotatate in relation to calcitonin levels and assess suitability of inoperable @entity1 for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 (age range 31-66 years, M:F 3:4) with raised calcitonin (mean=7,143pg/mL) were referred for (68)Ga-Dotatate PET/CT scan for localisation of persisting recurrent @entity11166 . Six @entity1 were known to have @entity11166 treated with thyroidectomy and one @entity1 was presenting for the first time. All @entity1 had multiple imaging including ultrasound (US), CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT and iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG). Positive findings were defined as areas of increased uptake other than the organs of normal distribution and were correlated with results of biopsies, other imaging, long term monitoring of calcitonin and clinical follow up. RESULTS: In 6/7 @entity1 with very high serum calcitonin (range= 672-37,180, mean=8,320pg/mL) (68)Ga-Dotatate PET/CT confirmed the presence of active disease seen on other modalities or detected hitherto unsuspected lesions. In at least 3 cases, (68)Ga-Dotatate PET/CT showed many more lesions compared to other imaging combined. In 1/7 @entity1 (68)Ga-Dotatate PET/CT was negative in line with a relatively low calcitonin level (80pg/mL) and negative disease on fine needle aspiration. CONCLUSION: (68)Ga-Dotatate PET/CT is an effective tool for localising metastatic spread of @entity11166 . It appears to be most effective in the presence of higher levels of serum calcitonin, probably in excess of 500pg/mL. The results of our small cohort had an impact on staging and management with the introduction of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for inoperable disease.

title: Gallium-68 dotatate PET/CT is superior to other imaging modalities in the detection of XXXX of the thyroid in the presence of high serum calcitonin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NET', 'neuroendocrine tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Medullary carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['medullary carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Psoriasis is one of the most common, immune-mediated, chronic @entity272 . Proinflammatory cytokines play an important pathogenetic role at a local level. Objective: To assess whether the proinflammatory cytokines @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity4155 , @entity13236 and @entity310 are released systemically during @entity1569 . Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 @entity1 with @entity1569 and 30 healthy volunteers. Cytokine production was assessed in supernatants using an enzyme immunoassay after stimulation of PBMCs with microbial stimuli. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the subsets of monocytes involved and the intracellular @entity310 production in monocytes. Results: @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the supernatants of PBMCs from psoriatic @entity1 after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. @entity310 production was also significantly higher in cells from psoriatic @entity1 after stimulation with all stimuli, as compared with health volunteers. Similar changes were not found for the other cytokines. A statistically significant difference was observed between @entity1 and controls for inflammatory @entity5750 (+)/ @entity4071 (+) monocytes (p<0.0001) and patrolling @entity5750 -/ @entity4071 (+) monocytes. Conclusion: Hyper-production of @entity310 is documented in @entity1569 . These results support the concept that there is a systemic, proinflammatory component in @entity1569 .

title: Proinflammatory cytokine responses in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory skin diseases']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Psoriasis is one of the most common, immune-mediated, chronic @entity272 . Proinflammatory cytokines play an important pathogenetic role at a local level. Objective: To assess whether the proinflammatory cytokines @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity4155 , @entity13236 and @entity310 are released systemically during @entity1569 . Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 @entity1 with @entity1569 and 30 healthy volunteers. Cytokine production was assessed in supernatants using an enzyme immunoassay after stimulation of PBMCs with microbial stimuli. In addition, flow cytometry was used to determine the subsets of monocytes involved and the intracellular @entity310 production in monocytes. Results: @entity4155 levels were significantly higher in the supernatants of PBMCs from psoriatic @entity1 after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. @entity310 production was also significantly higher in cells from psoriatic @entity1 after stimulation with all stimuli, as compared with health volunteers. Similar changes were not found for the other cytokines. A statistically significant difference was observed between @entity1 and controls for inflammatory @entity5750 (+)/ @entity4071 (+) monocytes (p<0.0001) and patrolling @entity5750 -/ @entity4071 (+) monocytes. Conclusion: Hyper-production of @entity310 is documented in @entity1569 . These results support the concept that there is a systemic, proinflammatory component in @entity1569 .

title: Proinflammatory cytokine responses in XXXX with @entity1569 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Non-specific @entity490 (NSAP) is the most common diagnosis on discharge following admission for @entity490 in childhood. Our aim was to determine the risk of subsequent hospital diagnosis of @entity347 following a diagnosis of NSAP, and to assess the persistence of this risk. METHODS: An NSAP cohort of 268   623 @entity1 aged 0-16   years was constructed from linked English Hospital Episode Statistics from 1999 to 2011. The control cohort (1   684   923 @entity1 , 0-16   years old) comprised @entity1 hospitalised with unrelated conditions. Clinically relevant outcomes were selected and standardised rate ratios were calculated. RESULTS: From the NSAP cohort, 15   515 (5.8%) were later hospitalised with bowel pathology and 13   301 (5%) with a specific @entity2383 . Notably, there was a 4.84 (95% CI 4.45 to 5.27) times greater risk of @entity30 following NSAP and a 4.23 (4.13 to 4.33) greater risk of @entity697 than in the control cohort. The risk of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) was 7.22 (6.65 to 7.85) times greater following NSAP. The risks of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity146 (unspecified) were significantly increased in all age groups except <2-year-olds. The risk of underlying bowel pathology remained raised up to 10   years after first diagnosis with NSAP. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small proportion of those with NSAP go on to be hospitalised with underlying bowel pathology. However, their risk is increased even at 10   years after the first hospital admission with NSAP. Diagnostic strategies need to be assessed and refined and active surveillance employed for @entity1 with NSAP.

title: Diagnostic outcomes following childhood non-specific XXXX : a record-linkage study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['IBS and functional disorder']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic and functional gastroenterological conditions']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['functional disorder']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: Traumatic bilateral basal ganglia bleed is extremely rare. It is defined as a @entity548 located in the basal ganglia or neighboring structures such as the internal capsule and the thalamus. This report describes a 37-year-old @entity1 who had large bilateral @entity21915 ( @entity21915 ) with subdural @entity1410 and @entity510 . With regards to an etiology of bilateral @entity548 of the basal ganglia, we could not disclose any possible cause except @entity542 in spite of full diagnostic work-up. Our final diagnosis was bilateral traumatic @entity21915 (TBGH). The pathomechanism of such injuries is still not clear and it is proposed to be due to shear @entity21962 . Rather than any features of the TBGH itself, duration of @entity772 and/or associated temporal herniation predicted slower recovery and worse outcome. Bilateral TBGH is an extremely rare entity, compatible with a favorable recovery, if not associated with @entity75 and occurring in isolation. TBGH can be considered as a marker of poor outcome rather than its cause. The BGHs seem to be hemorrhagic contusions resulting from a shearing injury, due to high velocity impact.

title: Bilateral large traumatic XXXX of the basal ganglion.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage to other cortical and subcortical structures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity21962 :: ('MESH:D020144', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the lenticulostriate and choroidal arteries']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['BGH', 'basal ganglia hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']