abstract: Cephalocele is a rare lesion mainly of congenital or traumatic origin. The lesion occurs as an extracranial @entity547 of dura mater that consists of cerebrospinal fluid only (meningocele) or cerebellar tissue ( @entity3976 ). Some cephaloceles concern anterior cranial fossa and then are observed as @entity547 or in paranasal sinuses. Three @entity1 are presented. In 52 year @entity1 , who was admitted due to idiopathic @entity5254 (persisting 16 years) with periodical @entity10 , the meningocele in right ethmoid sinus was diagnosed. The lesion was removed with the rhinosurgical approach and the defect in anterior cranial fossa was repaired with the free cartilaginous flap. 12 year @entity1 was admitted due to the nasal @entity5 diagnosed by CT and MRI. The lesion was removed with the combined access: firstly the @entity547 sac was cut intracranially with the frontal craniotomy and then @entity3976 was removed with lateral rhinotomy. Cranial fossa defect was repaired by the periosteum flap. In third case (8 year @entity1 ) @entity3976 caused 5 incidences of @entity693 . CT and MRI showed the lesion in frontal sinus. Encephalocele was removed with rhinosurgical approach and the defect in posterior frontal wall was repaired with free @entity33 . In all @entity1 long term result of operations was good. Anatomic and pathologic conditions that influence on the choice of rhinosurgical or combined access to nasal and sinusal encephaloceles are presented and discussed.

title: [ XXXX as rhinosurgical problem].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous and mucosal flaps']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias in nasal cavity', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['Meningoencephalocele']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the improvement of the bioavailability of @entity11950 (GL) via extra-vascular, i.e. oral, rectal, and nasal routes with or without the aid of an absorption enhancer in place of the vascular intravenous route in @entity35 . Pharmacokinetic behavior following administration via vascular routes, i.e. the intravenous and portal-venous routes was examined in @entity35 . The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) after administration of GL via the portal vein was decreased slightly, suggesting that the first elimination of GL in the liver may be one of the factors contributing to the low bioavailability after administration via the oral route. When GL was administered orally as a solution (30 mg/kg), the plasma concentration of GL was extremely low. However, after rectal or nasal administration of GL solution (30 mg/kg) with or without @entity27145 , the mean AUC value was remarkably increased compared with oral administration. In particular, the absolute bioavailability of GL after nasal administration was estimated to be approximately 20%, which was approximately 80-fold greater compared with after oral administration despite of the absence of an enhancer. Furthermore, the @entity1718 co-administered orally with GL produced an increase in GL absorption in the following order: @entity1372 caprate>sodiumlaurate> @entity6212 > @entity12504 . These results indicate that the rectum and nasal cavity are useful administration routes for systemic delivery of GL. It was also found that the @entity1718 were enhancers for the absorption of GL.

title: Improvement in the bioavailability of poorly absorbed glycyrrhizin via various non-vascular administration routes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12504 :: ('MESH:C013173', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium oleate']

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['sodiumcaprylate']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyrrhizin']

entities_list: @entity27145 :: ('MESH:C031071', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium caprate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The aim of this study is the estimation of the contribution of HPLC mass screening for @entity521 to the decrease in @entity204 due to this disease. The mortality rates of @entity4304 (ICD 9, 1940; ICD 10, C74; virtually all the cases of these codes are @entity521 during childhood) at 1-4 years of age in cohorts born in 1979-1984, 1985-1988, and 1989-1992 in the whole of Japan were calculated, using data obtained from the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The numbers of @entity1 screened by HPLC in the cohorts were estimated through the reports of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the database of the Japanese Society for Mass-screening. The mortality of the cohort born in 1989-1992, in which 77.8% of the live births were screened by HPLC, was 1.73 per 100,000 live births. This is about half of that (3.26) of the cohort born in 1979-1984, in which few @entity1 were screened. On the assumption that cases of the 1985-1988 and 1989-1992 cohorts died according to the mortality rate of the 1979-1984 cohort, the expected numbers of @entity204 were estimated; that for the 1985-1988 cohort was 178.51 (of them, that for the @entity1 screened by HPLC was 39.65), and that for the 1989-1992 cohort was 159.78 (of them, that for the @entity1 screened by HPLC was 124.33). The observed numbers of @entity204 were 145 and 85, respectively. Assuming that non-HPLC methods have no effects and using 2 unknown quantities x (contribution of HPLC) and y (other factors), simultaneous equations (1) 178.51 - 39.65x - 178.51y = 145 and (2) 159.78 - 124.33x - 159.78y = 85 were made. Solving them, x = 0.5041 and y = 0.0757 were obtained. In conclusion HPLC screening targeting @entity1 aged 6 months @entity204 at 1-4 years of age by about 50%.

title: Contribution of HPLC mass screening for XXXX to a decrease in mortality.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['reduces death of adrenal neuroblastomas', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms of the adrenal glands']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The outcome of two @entity1 with @entity33932 after spinal surgery was evaluated after follow-up for 9 and 16 years. OBJECTIVE: To report on a new phenomenon of anteroposterior dissociation of the vertebrae in @entity33932 . To demonstrate that it can be visualized before surgery with imaging and also seen intraoperatively. To show that the neurologic recovery after surgery is sustained and to review the technical reasons for the difficulties in achieving a surgical fusion. The critical role of CT scanning will be illustrated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The results of preoperative and postoperative radiologic investigations and intraoperative findings are presented to support this new phenomenon. METHODS: Two @entity1 underwent multiple spinal surgeries because of a deteriorating @entity17589 clinical status. Intraoperatively, anteroposterior dissociation was documented in both @entity1 . There was great difficulty in obtaining a surgical fusion, and an unusually long circumferential fusion was eventually necessary to obtain stability. Prolonged halo-vest immobilization was essential. RESULTS: Neurologic recovery was sustained over time, and the @entity85 did not deteriorate. CONCLUSION: Awareness of this phenomenon is essential to the management of @entity85 in @entity33932 when presenting with @entity602 . Special features in the radiologic workup should be sought after so as to plan staged surgical procedures. Conventional principles of planning of fusion levels are inadequate. Early treatment is advocated, as the neurologic compromise is reversible.

title: Congenital anteroposterior spinal dissociation in XXXX : report on two operated cases with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity33932 :: ('MESH:C537873', 'Disease') :: ["Larsen's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathic']

answer: @entity33932 :: (MESH:C537873,Disease) :: ['Larsen's Syndrome']


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 . Eleven consecutive @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity14 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity5 progression on chemotherapy with @entity1487 / @entity4181 , were treated with @entity2600 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity900 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity1 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity1 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity1210 , while grade I @entity294 and @entity390 occurred in three and five @entity1 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity2600 and low-dose XXXX for metastatic @entity14 resistant to @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan hydrochloride', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 . Eleven consecutive @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity14 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity5 progression on chemotherapy with @entity1487 / @entity4181 , were treated with @entity2600 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity900 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity1 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity1 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity1210 , while grade I @entity294 and @entity390 occurred in three and five @entity1 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 for metastatic XXXX resistant to @entity1487 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 . Eleven consecutive @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity14 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity5 progression on chemotherapy with @entity1487 / @entity4181 , were treated with @entity2600 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity900 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity1 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity1 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity1210 , while grade I @entity294 and @entity390 occurred in three and five @entity1 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 for metastatic @entity14 resistant to XXXX .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity2600 and low-dose @entity900 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 . Eleven consecutive @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity14 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity5 progression on chemotherapy with @entity1487 / @entity4181 , were treated with @entity2600 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity900 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity1 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity1 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity1 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity1210 , while grade I @entity294 and @entity390 occurred in three and five @entity1 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 showing resistance to @entity1487 .

title: Outpatient therapy with XXXX and low-dose @entity900 for metastatic @entity14 resistant to @entity1487 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze pathologic and clinical features in @entity1 with @entity6595 ( @entity6595 ) in a reference hospital in Mexico City, and to evaluate the variety of treatments chosen. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity6595 between 1975 and 2000. Those with histological diagnosis of @entity6595 confirmed by endoscopic biopsy or gastrectomies were eligible for inclusion in the study. The study was retrolective. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 (21 M, and 21 F) with an average age of 57 years (between 20 and 80 years). The major clinical findings were no weight loss in 31 @entity1 (73%), @entity490 in 24 @entity1 (57%), @entity344 in 19 @entity1 (45%), and early satiety in 15 @entity1 (36%). The endoscopic findings were gastric folds in 21 (50%), thickening of gastrics folds in 13 (31%) and @entity5 in eight @entity1 (19%). We found @entity1534 in 14 of 16 endoscopic biopsies (87%). High @entity706 were found in 29 @entity1 (69%) and @entity1893 in 13 (31%). The clinical stage according to the Staging Classification from the Fifth International Conference on @entity706 (1993) was 15 @entity1 in stage I (36%), 14 @entity1 in stage II1 (33%). Five @entity1 in stage IV (12%), six @entity1 in stage IIE (14) and one @entity1 in stages II and II2 (2%). The treatment chosen before 1990 was surgery with or without chemotherapy no matter the grade of @entity5 , in contrast with the later decade in which solely eradication of @entity1534 was successfully to cure the disease. In high @entity706 , treatment was surgery and chemotherapy for reviewing the study, most @entity1 were alive and without disease. CONCLUSIONS: In the study, most @entity706 were localized in the stomach of perigastric lymph nodes. The most frequent clinical stages were stages I and II1 (36 and 33%, respectively), and their response was successful to all treatments even though most @entity1 were high graded and treated differently.

title: [Primary XXXX . Clinico-pathologic features of a Mexican series].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'grade lymphomas', 'Malignant Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['PGL', 'primary gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal pair']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low grade lymphoma']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of an anhydrous @entity653 -based @entity16313 gel in order to study the stability of the @entity26 /water-sensitive agent @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ). METHODS: Various @entity16313 polymers were investigated rheologically at concentrations of 0.25-1% using a Brookfield viscometer in order to evaluate their ability to form anhydrous @entity653 -based formulations. The addition of @entity35018 was evaluated in order to create a gel that can be utilized for the incorporation of more lipophilic compounds. The suitability of standard neutralizers and their useful concentrations were determined to develop guidelines for formulation optimization. An accelerated stability study was performed at 50 degrees C to evaluate the degradation of @entity3090 in an anhydrous @entity653 gel. RESULTS: It was found that @entity16313 974 is the most efficient thickener for anhydrous @entity653 formulations. In contrast to aqueous gels, anhydrous gels are formed without the addition of neutralizers. The rank-order viscosity of the nonneutralized gels studied was 974 > 971 > 981 > Pemulen TR-2 approximately 980. The addition of neutralizers resulted in a further increase in gel viscosity, with a maximum being reached at a concentration of approximately 0.5% w/w. The incorporation of @entity35018 resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of gel viscosity. The stability data showed that no degradation of @entity3090 had occurred. CONCLUSION: It was shown that anhydrous @entity653 -based @entity16313 gels can be prepared without the need for neutralization. Such vehicles are promising for the incorporation of @entity26 /water-sensitive drugs.

title: Anhydrous @entity16313 polymer gels for the topical delivery of XXXX /water sensitive compounds.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerin']

entities_list: @entity35018 :: ('MESH:C010111', 'Chemical') :: ['Transcutol P']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of an anhydrous @entity653 -based @entity16313 gel in order to study the stability of the @entity26 /water-sensitive agent @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ). METHODS: Various @entity16313 polymers were investigated rheologically at concentrations of 0.25-1% using a Brookfield viscometer in order to evaluate their ability to form anhydrous @entity653 -based formulations. The addition of @entity35018 was evaluated in order to create a gel that can be utilized for the incorporation of more lipophilic compounds. The suitability of standard neutralizers and their useful concentrations were determined to develop guidelines for formulation optimization. An accelerated stability study was performed at 50 degrees C to evaluate the degradation of @entity3090 in an anhydrous @entity653 gel. RESULTS: It was found that @entity16313 974 is the most efficient thickener for anhydrous @entity653 formulations. In contrast to aqueous gels, anhydrous gels are formed without the addition of neutralizers. The rank-order viscosity of the nonneutralized gels studied was 974 > 971 > 981 > Pemulen TR-2 approximately 980. The addition of neutralizers resulted in a further increase in gel viscosity, with a maximum being reached at a concentration of approximately 0.5% w/w. The incorporation of @entity35018 resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of gel viscosity. The stability data showed that no degradation of @entity3090 had occurred. CONCLUSION: It was shown that anhydrous @entity653 -based @entity16313 gels can be prepared without the need for neutralization. Such vehicles are promising for the incorporation of @entity26 /water-sensitive drugs.

title: Anhydrous XXXX polymer gels for the topical delivery of @entity26 /water sensitive compounds.

answer: @entity16313 :: (MESH:C006912,Chemical) :: ['Carbopol']


abstract: Shoulder surgery is very often followed by severe @entity282 . Loco-regional anaesthesia has greatly contributed as a solution of this problem. Nevertheless most of surgery is still performed under general anaesthesia. In this case many different methods have been proposed in order to mitigate @entity282 . Intra-articular administration of local anaesthetics after shoulder surgery is not yet in routinely clinical practice. In this study efficacy of intra-articular administration of @entity1342 versus @entity1341 has been evaluated. Analysis of results showed both drugs to share the same effectiveness within four hours postoperatively. In subsequent period (6-24 hours) @entity1342 demonstrated to provide a statistically significant better @entity282 relief. Furthermore @entity1342 group @entity1 needed postoperative analgesics to a lesser extent than @entity1341 group. The long-losting satisfactory level of @entity1337 , particularly with @entity1342 , could recommend the use of intra-articular @entity1337 even for day-hospital or one-day surgery procedures.

title: Intra-articular XXXX following arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: @entity730 and ossification occurs with a number of systemic and pulmonary conditions. Specific symptoms are often lacking, but @entity730 may be a marker of disease severity and its chronicity. Pathophysiologic states predisposing to @entity730 include @entity2741 , a local alkaline environment, and previous @entity651 . Factors such as enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, active angiogenesis, and mitogenic effects of growth factors may also contribute. The clinical classification of @entity730 includes both @entity730 , in which @entity460 deposits in previously normal lung or @entity730 , which occurs in previously injured lung. @entity358 can be idiopathic or can result from a variety of underlying pulmonary, cardiac, or @entity74 . The diagnosis of @entity730 requires various imaging techniques, including chest radiography, computed tomographic scanning, and bone scintigraphy. Interpretation of the presence of and the specific pattern of @entity730 or ossification may obviate the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, specific conditions causing @entity730 or ossification that may impact diagnostic and treatment decisions are highlighted. These include @entity730 caused by @entity177 and orthotopic liver transplantation, @entity730 caused by @entity74 , DNA viruses, @entity281 , @entity2783 , @entity729 , the @entity74 @entity31348 , and various forms of @entity358 .

title: XXXX deposition with or without bone formation in the lung.

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary calcification', 'dystrophic calcification', 'pulmonary calcification and ossification', 'pulmonary calcification', 'calcification', 'metastatic calcification']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary ossification', 'Pulmonary ossification']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disorder', 'extracardiopulmonary disorders', 'granulomatous disorders']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity31348 :: ('MESH:C562405', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite recognised advantages of laparoscopy, the damage of extrahepatic bile ducts during cholecystectomy is a subject of ongoing discussions, as such injuries are more frequent comparing with open surgery. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis included 6873 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study group comprised both the @entity1 after elective surgery due to symptomatic @entity2963 and @entity1 after emergency procedures necessitated by acute @entity2679 . RESULTS: Common bile duct was damaged in 9 @entity1 . Five @entity1 had their main bile duct transected, in 2 @entity1 it was partial excision, and in the other 2 subjects - puncture damage with electrocoagulation took place. In seven cases, the damage was diagnosed still during laparoscopy and conversion to open surgery was performed. In two subjects the damage was diagnosed in postoperative period and it was subsequently confirmed by ERCP. Reconstructive surgery included: CBD suturing with interrupted stitches, end-to-end @entity254 over T-tube and Roux-en-Y bilioenteric @entity254 . Good postoperative outcome was obtained in 6 @entity1 . One subject required repeated endoscopic dilatation and placement due to recurrent @entity255 . Two @entity1 died due to upper @entity360 and @entity881 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1157 remains a dangerous complication following cholecystectomy. It is more likely to occur in case of anomalous anatomy of bile ducts, inflammatory or malignant infiltration and technical errors of an operating surgeon. It is very important to diagnose the damage early enough, preferably still during laparoscopy. Imaging investigations (ultrasound, ERCP, MRCP, cholangiography) may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis during the postoperative period.

title: XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy -- own material.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Extrahepatic bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Extrahepatic bile duct injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8579 is a very rare disease caused by @entity5 with @entity8243 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity2275 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity7581 ( @entity8579 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity4773 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity8243 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity1066 recurrence and complications, @entity1 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity10042 was used. The @entity8243 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity3 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity1943 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity8243 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity3 showed the presence of typical @entity7581 cells with @entity8243 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity5 and unexpected @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of @entity7581 combined with @entity356 with the longest survival record -- XXXX : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulcers and their complications']

answer: @entity8579 :: (MESH:D015043,Disease) :: ['Zollinger-Ellison syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8579 is a very rare disease caused by @entity5 with @entity8243 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity2275 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity7581 ( @entity8579 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity4773 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity8243 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity1066 recurrence and complications, @entity1 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity10042 was used. The @entity8243 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity3 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity1943 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity8243 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity3 showed the presence of typical @entity7581 cells with @entity8243 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity5 and unexpected @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of @entity7581 combined with XXXX with the longest survival record -- @entity8579 : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8579 is a very rare disease caused by @entity5 with @entity8243 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity2275 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity7581 ( @entity8579 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity4773 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity8243 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity1066 recurrence and complications, @entity1 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity10042 was used. The @entity8243 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity3 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity1943 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity8243 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity3 showed the presence of typical @entity7581 cells with @entity8243 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity5 and unexpected @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of XXXX combined with @entity356 with the longest survival record -- @entity8579 : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

answer: @entity7581 :: (MESH:D015408,Disease) :: ['gastrinoma']


abstract: The use of @entity112 and @entity2710 is well established for identifying airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) but the AHR to these agents is not specific for @entity565 diagnosis. Further, these agents do not identify or exclude exercise-induced @entity565 (EIA) so they are inappropriate for some occupational and sporting assessments. Measurement of AHR by pharmacological agents has other limitations in that a positive response does not necessarily identify a @entity1 who will respond to inhaled @entity230 and responses do not differentiate between doses of @entity230 . As most asthmatics remain hyperresponsive to these agents after treatment they have not been useful for guiding @entity134 dose reduction. Bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) with physical stimuli such as exercise, eucapnic @entity2798 and hypertonic saline have provided useful information on presence and severity of @entity565 and EIA. These tests however, can be time consuming and require more resources compared with the pharmacological tests. To simplify testing, a challenge has been developed that uses a dry powder of @entity2656 administered from a simple hand-held device. The @entity2656 is given in increasing doses from capsules containing from 5 mg to 40 mg. @entity2656 responsiveness identifies @entity1 with EIA and those who will respond to inhaled @entity230 . @entity2656 responsiveness is reduced following treatment with inhaled @entity230 , and some subjects become unresponsive within 6 to 8 weeks. Responsiveness to @entity2656 can be used to predict risk of exacerbation during back titration of @entity230 . Should this BPT become more readily available it would be the first to provide a common operating standard for use in the laboratory, office, or field.

title: Bronchial provocation tests: the rationale for using inhaled XXXX as a test for airway hyperresponsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary hyperpnea']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity231 surgery in older @entity1 increases risk for the development of late-stage age-related @entity1020 (ARM). DESIGN: Combined analysis of longitudinal data from two population-based cohorts, the Beaver Dam Eye Study and Blue Mountains Eye Study. @entity1 : The Beaver Dam Eye Study examined 4926 @entity1 aged 43 years or older at baseline and re-examined 3684 after 5 years. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 @entity1 aged 49 years or older at baseline and re-examined 2335 after 5 years. METHODS: The two studies used similar protocols for retinal photography and photographic grading. We defined incident late-stage ARM as the development of @entity1020 or @entity10691 without either lesion type at baseline that was confirmed by consensus between the study investigators. Nonphakic eyes included eyes that were aphakic or pseudophakic at baseline. Eye-specific data were analyzed. Age- and study site-adjusted relative risks were calculated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were also estimated using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS: Of the 6019 @entity1 examined after 5 years, 11,391 eyes were considered at risk for developing late-stage ARM, including 315 nonphakic and 11,076 phakic eyes. Late-state ARM (either @entity1020 or @entity10691 ) developed in 6.0% to 7.5% of nonphakic eyes (10 of 168 right and 11 of 147 left eyes), compared with 0.7% of phakic eyes (40 of 5504 right and 37 of 5572 left eyes) during the 5-year period. Age- and study site-adjusted 5-year relative risks were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.1) for right and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.1-6.4) for left eyes. After further adjustment for gender, smoking, and the presence of indistinct or reticular drusen or @entity66 at baseline, nonphakic eyes had a substantially higher risk for developing either late-stage ARM lesion compared with phakic eyes, OR = 5.7 (95% CI, 2.4-13.6). CONCLUSIONS: Pooled findings from these two large population-based cohorts support the hypothesis that @entity231 surgery in older @entity1 may be associated with an increased subsequent risk for developing late-stage ARM, particularly @entity1020 .

title: XXXX surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related @entity1020 : pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains eye studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['geographic atrophy in eyes', 'geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy', 'neovascular ARM']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity231 surgery in older @entity1 increases risk for the development of late-stage age-related @entity1020 (ARM). DESIGN: Combined analysis of longitudinal data from two population-based cohorts, the Beaver Dam Eye Study and Blue Mountains Eye Study. @entity1 : The Beaver Dam Eye Study examined 4926 @entity1 aged 43 years or older at baseline and re-examined 3684 after 5 years. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 @entity1 aged 49 years or older at baseline and re-examined 2335 after 5 years. METHODS: The two studies used similar protocols for retinal photography and photographic grading. We defined incident late-stage ARM as the development of @entity1020 or @entity10691 without either lesion type at baseline that was confirmed by consensus between the study investigators. Nonphakic eyes included eyes that were aphakic or pseudophakic at baseline. Eye-specific data were analyzed. Age- and study site-adjusted relative risks were calculated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were also estimated using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS: Of the 6019 @entity1 examined after 5 years, 11,391 eyes were considered at risk for developing late-stage ARM, including 315 nonphakic and 11,076 phakic eyes. Late-state ARM (either @entity1020 or @entity10691 ) developed in 6.0% to 7.5% of nonphakic eyes (10 of 168 right and 11 of 147 left eyes), compared with 0.7% of phakic eyes (40 of 5504 right and 37 of 5572 left eyes) during the 5-year period. Age- and study site-adjusted 5-year relative risks were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.1) for right and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.1-6.4) for left eyes. After further adjustment for gender, smoking, and the presence of indistinct or reticular drusen or @entity66 at baseline, nonphakic eyes had a substantially higher risk for developing either late-stage ARM lesion compared with phakic eyes, OR = 5.7 (95% CI, 2.4-13.6). CONCLUSIONS: Pooled findings from these two large population-based cohorts support the hypothesis that @entity231 surgery in older @entity1 may be associated with an increased subsequent risk for developing late-stage ARM, particularly @entity1020 .

title: @entity231 surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related XXXX : pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains eye studies.

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['maculopathy']


abstract: The @entity2655 gene family of @entity5132 consists of eight genes ( @entity7104 to ALS7 and @entity70925 ) that encode cell-wall glycoproteins involved in adhesion to host surfaces. Considerable allelic sequence variability has been documented for regions of @entity2655 genes encoding repeated sequences. Although regions of @entity2655 genes encoding non-repeated sequences tend to be more conserved, some sequence divergence has been noted, particularly for alleles of ALS5. Data from the @entity5132 genome sequencing project provided the first indication that strain SC5314 encoded two divergent @entity70925 -like sequences and that three of the @entity2655 genes (ALS5, @entity7104 ) were contiguous on chromosome 6. Data from PCR analysis and construction of both single and double deletion mutants indicated that the divergent sequences were alleles of @entity70925 , and located downstream of ALS5 and @entity7104 . Sequences within the 5' domain of @entity70925 -1 and @entity70925 -2 varied by 11 %. Within the 3' domain of each allele, extra nucleotides were present in two regions of @entity70925 -2, designated Variable Block 1 (VB1) and Variable Block 2 (VB2). Analysis of strains from the five major @entity5132 genetic clades showed that both @entity70925 alleles are widespread among these strains, that the sequences of @entity70925 -1 and @entity70925 -2 are conserved among diverse strains and that recombinant @entity70925 alleles have been generated during @entity5132 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, although divergent in sequence, @entity70925 alleles are more similar to each other than to any other @entity2655 genes. The degree of sequence divergence for @entity70925 greatly exceeds that observed previously for other @entity2655 genes and may result in functional differences for the proteins encoded by the two alleles.

title: Allelic variation in the contiguous loci encoding @entity5132 ALS5, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity7104 :: (MESH:C531617,Disease) :: ['ALS1 and ALS9']


abstract: The @entity2655 gene family of @entity5132 consists of eight genes ( @entity7104 to ALS7 and @entity70925 ) that encode cell-wall glycoproteins involved in adhesion to host surfaces. Considerable allelic sequence variability has been documented for regions of @entity2655 genes encoding repeated sequences. Although regions of @entity2655 genes encoding non-repeated sequences tend to be more conserved, some sequence divergence has been noted, particularly for alleles of ALS5. Data from the @entity5132 genome sequencing project provided the first indication that strain SC5314 encoded two divergent @entity70925 -like sequences and that three of the @entity2655 genes (ALS5, @entity7104 ) were contiguous on chromosome 6. Data from PCR analysis and construction of both single and double deletion mutants indicated that the divergent sequences were alleles of @entity70925 , and located downstream of ALS5 and @entity7104 . Sequences within the 5' domain of @entity70925 -1 and @entity70925 -2 varied by 11 %. Within the 3' domain of each allele, extra nucleotides were present in two regions of @entity70925 -2, designated Variable Block 1 (VB1) and Variable Block 2 (VB2). Analysis of strains from the five major @entity5132 genetic clades showed that both @entity70925 alleles are widespread among these strains, that the sequences of @entity70925 -1 and @entity70925 -2 are conserved among diverse strains and that recombinant @entity70925 alleles have been generated during @entity5132 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, although divergent in sequence, @entity70925 alleles are more similar to each other than to any other @entity2655 genes. The degree of sequence divergence for @entity70925 greatly exceeds that observed previously for other @entity2655 genes and may result in functional differences for the proteins encoded by the two alleles.

title: Allelic variation in the contiguous loci encoding XXXX ALS5, @entity7104 .

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity2918 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity1421 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity32589 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity3009 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity3009 synthases, @entity21740 and @entity39979 , are involved in @entity3009 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity3009 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity398 or @entity1426 , and expression of @entity21740 and @entity39979 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity3009 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity21740 or @entity39979 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity1426 or @entity398 : @entity8726 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity62805 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity21740 inhibitor and @entity8228 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity39979 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity1426 or @entity398 , @entity3009 production and expression of @entity39979 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity3009 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity3009 production is probably processed through @entity39979 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity21740 and XXXX to the production of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity62805 :: ('MESH:C401835', 'Chemical') :: ['valeryl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity39979 :: (282023(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase 2']


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity2918 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity1421 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity32589 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity3009 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity3009 synthases, @entity21740 and @entity39979 , are involved in @entity3009 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity3009 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity398 or @entity1426 , and expression of @entity21740 and @entity39979 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity3009 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity21740 or @entity39979 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity1426 or @entity398 : @entity8726 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity62805 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity21740 inhibitor and @entity8228 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity39979 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity1426 or @entity398 , @entity3009 production and expression of @entity39979 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity3009 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity3009 production is probably processed through @entity39979 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity21740 and @entity39979 to the production of XXXX and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium.

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['PGE2']


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity2918 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity1421 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity32589 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity3009 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity3009 synthases, @entity21740 and @entity39979 , are involved in @entity3009 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity3009 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity398 or @entity1426 , and expression of @entity21740 and @entity39979 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity3009 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity21740 or @entity39979 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity1426 or @entity398 : @entity8726 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity62805 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity21740 inhibitor and @entity8228 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity39979 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity1426 or @entity398 , @entity3009 production and expression of @entity39979 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity3009 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity3009 production is probably processed through @entity39979 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity21740 and @entity39979 to the production of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from XXXX endometrium.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity2918 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity1421 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity32589 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity3009 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity3009 synthases, @entity21740 and @entity39979 , are involved in @entity3009 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity3009 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity398 or @entity1426 , and expression of @entity21740 and @entity39979 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity3009 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity21740 or @entity39979 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity1426 or @entity398 : @entity8726 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity62805 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity21740 inhibitor and @entity8228 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity39979 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity1426 or @entity398 , @entity3009 production and expression of @entity39979 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity3009 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity3009 production is probably processed through @entity39979 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of XXXX and @entity39979 to the production of @entity1421 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium.

answer: @entity21740 :: (282022(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an increasing focus on the impact of psychosocial factors and stressors on the course of @entity162 . The life event research has revealed many biases and the results are conflicting. In a prospective study we examined the relationship between life events and affective phases in a group of @entity162 @entity1 with a long duration of the disease. METHODS: A group of @entity1 with at least three admissions to hospital for @entity162 was followed every 3 months for up to 3 years. At each examination an evaluation of affective phase was made according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Newcastle Depression Rating Scale and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale. Moreover, the @entity1 were rated according to the Paykel Life Events Scale. Their current medical treatment was noted. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (19 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 ) were included in the study. @entity1 experienced a significantly higher number of life events than @entity1 . In 21% of the 353 examinations of @entity1 , a new phase was preceded by life events whereas this was the case only in 8% of the 152 examinations of @entity1 . In 13% of the male examinations the @entity1 were in a @entity162 phase and in 5% in a @entity308 phase. In 5% of the female examinations the @entity1 were in a @entity162 phase and in 15% in a @entity308 phase. Half of the @entity1 's @entity308 phases were preceded by life events, but none of the @entity308 phases of @entity1 . The categories of life events preceding the @entity308 phases presented a significant overweight of somatic ill health and conflicts in the family. CONCLUSION: We found a gender difference in the course of @entity162 , as @entity1 had a significantly higher number of @entity308 than @entity1 and @entity1 had a higher number of @entity162 episodes than @entity1 . In @entity162 @entity1 with long duration of disease a significant number of @entity308 in @entity1 were preceded by negative life events. Somatic health problems and conflicts in the family were significant factors preceding new @entity308 phases.

title: Life events and onset of a new phase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar affective disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episodes', 'depressive']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: Peripheral blood (PB)-derived @entity5750 + monocytes were shown to transdifferentiate into endothelial cell (EC) lineage cells and contribute to neovascularization. We investigated whether bone marrow (BM)- or PB-derived @entity2280 -/ @entity5750 + cells are involved in reendothelialization after @entity130 . Although neither @entity1583 nor mesenchymal stem cells were included in @entity1 @entity5750 + monocyte lineage cells (BM-MLCs), they expressed EC-specific markers ( @entity878 , @entity2279 , @entity3545 , and endoglin) to an extent identical to mature ECs. When BM-MLCs were cultured with vascular endothelial growth factors, @entity1583 markers were drastically decreased and new EC-specific markers (Flk and @entity2280 ) were induced. BM-MLCs were intra-arterially transplanted into balloon-injured arteries of athymic nude @entity35 . When BM-MLCs were activated by @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) in vivo or in vitro, they adhered onto injured endothelium, differentiated into EC-like cells by losing @entity1583 markers, and @entity1373 . Ability to prevent neointimal @entity1373 was more efficient than that of BM-derived @entity2280 + cells. MCP-dependent adhesion was not observed in PB-derived @entity2280 -/ @entity5750 + monocytes. Regenerated endothelium exhibited a cobblestone appearance, blocked extravasation of dye, and induced NO-dependent vasorelaxation. Basal adhesive activities on HUVECs under laminar flow and @entity2393 expression (basal and active forms) were significantly increased in BM-MLCs compared with PB-derived monocytes. @entity2842 markedly enhanced adhesive activity of BM-MLCs (2.8-fold) on HUVECs by activating @entity2393 conformation. Thus, BM-MLCs can function as EC progenitors that are more potent than @entity2280 + cells and acquire the ability to adhere on injured endothelium in a @entity2842 -dependent manner, leading to reendothelialization associated with inhibition of intimal @entity1373 . This will open a novel window to @entity2842 -mediated biological actions and vascular regeneration strategies by cell therapy.

title: Bone marrow monocyte lineage cells adhere on injured endothelium in a XXXX -dependent manner and accelerate reendothelialization as endothelial progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['inhibited neointimal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid balloon injury']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity3070 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity742 . Twenty merino @entity742 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . Thirty one days later, the @entity742 were treated with intraruminal @entity3070 capsules, oral @entity3070 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity742 . Eggs from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity742 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity3070 in faeces on larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity3070 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity742 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity742 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity742 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of @entity3070 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity3070 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['Haemonchus contortus', 'H. contortus']

answer: @entity5167 :: (6289,Species) :: ['Haemonchus contortus']


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity3070 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity742 . Twenty merino @entity742 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . Thirty one days later, the @entity742 were treated with intraruminal @entity3070 capsules, oral @entity3070 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity742 . Eggs from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity742 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity3070 in faeces on larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity3070 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity742 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity742 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity742 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of XXXX and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 .

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity3070 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity742 . Twenty merino @entity742 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . Thirty one days later, the @entity742 were treated with intraruminal @entity3070 capsules, oral @entity3070 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity742 . Eggs from @entity3070 capsule treated @entity742 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity742 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity3070 in faeces on larval development of @entity3070 -resistant @entity5167 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity3070 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity742 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity742 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity742 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of @entity3070 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of XXXX -resistant @entity5167 .

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of @entity1 receiving hemorrhoidectomy using Harmonic Scalpel, @entity162 , and the conventional scissors excision-ligation technique. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 with irreducible prolapsing piles were randomly assigned to receive 1) Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy using scissors excision-ligation technique or 2) @entity162 hemorrhoidectomy and Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy. Neither the @entity1 nor the independent assessor were aware of the technique used at operation. @entity1 were followed up at 4 and 12 weeks after operation. The measured outcomes included 1) operation time; 2) @entity190 ; 3) postoperative hospital stay; 4) @entity158 score; 5) @entity158 expectation score; 6) date of first bowel movement; 7) number of @entity6882 injections; 8) number of dologesic tablets taken; 9) time off work or normal activity; 10) wound healing; 11) satisfaction score; and 12) @entity260 , including @entity1241 . RESULTS: There was no difference among the three groups in the operation time, hospital stay, @entity158 expectation score, day of first bowel movement, number of dologesic tablets taken, time off work or normal activity, wound healing, and satisfaction score. The complication rate also did not differ in the three groups. Both Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy and @entity162 hemorrhoidectomy were superior to Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in terms of reduced @entity190 . Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy had the @entity158 score when compared with @entity162 hemorrhoidectomy and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, and @entity1 required significantly less pethidine injection after Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy than after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. Although the time required to return to work or normal activity remained similar, @entity1 after Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy had the best satisfaction score among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The study shows that Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy is as good as @entity162 hemorrhoidectomy in terms of reduced @entity190 but is superior because it is associated with less @entity282 and hence, better @entity1 satisfaction. However, these observed benefits are small, and the time off work or normal activity remains similar.

title: Double-blind, randomized trial comparing Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy, XXXX hemorrhoidectomy, and scissors excision: ligation technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar scissors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'best pain']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['anal stenosis and fecal or flatus incontinence']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar scissors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the changes of posterior corneal @entity940 and tilt after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to correlate these changes with the amount of correction and the residual stromal bed thickness. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized (self-controlled) comparative trial included 57 eyes from 14 females and 15 males, whose mean age (+/- standard deviation [SD]) at the time of surgery was 33 +/- 9 years (range, 19-53), with a spherical equivalent (SEQ) of -1.00 to -15.50 (mean, -5.07 +/- 2.81) diopters (D). All LASIK procedures were accomplished with the Keratom II Coherent-Schwind excimer laser and the Moria Model One microkeratome (150-microm head). Subjective refractometry, Orbscan slit-scanning corneal topography analysis, and pachymetry were performed before and 3 months after LASIK for @entity1714 (n= 35; -1.00 to -15.50 D [mean, -4.75 +/- 3.07]) or myopic @entity940 (n= 22; sphere, 0.00 to -9.75 D [mean, -4.75 +/- 2.36]; cylinder, -0.75 to -3.50 D [-1.68 +/- 0.86]). Intended ablation depth ranged from 12 to 108 (mean, 48 +/- 22) microm. Topographic raw data were decomposed into a set of Zernike polynomials as published in detail previously, and parameters for detection of asymmetric mechanical deformation of the cornea were derived. Posterior corneal @entity940 and tilt before and after LASIK were compared, and changes in these variables were correlated with the SEQ change (DeltaSEQ) and the @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ). RESULTS: The @entity2687 after LASIK ranged from 186 to 373 (mean, 280 +/- 42) microm. Overall, @entity940 (0.19 +/- 0.07 D/0.22 +/- 0.13 D; p= 0.80) and tilt (3.58 +/- 0.35 degrees /3.65 +/- 0.48 degrees; p= 0.61) did not change significantly by 3 months after LASIK. In eyes with @entity2687 < or =250 microm, the average change in @entity940 (0.05 +/- 0.11 versus 0.01 +/- 0.13 D; p= 0.46) and tilt (0.21 +/- 0.45 degrees versus 0.04 +/- 0.55 degrees; p= 0.30) was not greater than in eyes with @entity2687 > 250 microm. Change in @entity940 (p= 0.19) and tilt (p= 0.56) did not correlate with the @entity2687 during LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: Zernike decomposition of topographic height data discloses that no significant asymmetric mechanical deformation of the posterior corneal curvature occurs after myopic LASIK. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to clarify whether this symmetry of the posterior corneal surface can indeed be preserved over time after LASIK if the @entity2687 is < 250 microm.

title: Changes of posterior corneal XXXX and tilt after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['residual corneal bed thickness', 'RBT']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity165 . @entity2247 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity165 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity2247 can favorably modify @entity165 and other markers of @entity65 and @entity6 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity165 /L) @entity1 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity413 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity413 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity165 or in @entity1674 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity413 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity413 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity2247 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity65 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity1 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched XXXX on @entity65 risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity165 . @entity2247 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity165 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity2247 can favorably modify @entity165 and other markers of @entity65 and @entity6 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity165 /L) @entity1 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity413 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity413 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity165 or in @entity1674 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity413 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity413 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity2247 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity65 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity1 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched @entity2247 on XXXX risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic @entity1 .

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity165 . @entity2247 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity165 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity2247 can favorably modify @entity165 and other markers of @entity65 and @entity6 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity165 /L) @entity1 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity413 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity413 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity165 or in @entity1674 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity413 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity413 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity2247 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity65 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity1 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched @entity2247 on @entity65 risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 induced by exposure to radiocontrast agents, a possible complication of percutaneous coronary interventions, is associated with significant in-hospital and long-term morbidity and mortality. @entity1 with preexisting @entity177 are at particularly high risk. We investigated the role of hemofiltration, as compared with isotonic-saline hydration, in preventing contrast-agent-induced @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity177 . METHODS: We studied 114 consecutive @entity1 with @entity177 (serum @entity1011 concentration, >2 mg per deciliter [176.8 micromol per liter]) who were undergoing coronary interventions. We randomly assigned them to either hemofiltration in an intensive care unit (ICU) (58 @entity1 , with a mean [+/-SD] serum @entity1011 concentration of 3.0+/-1.0 mg per deciliter [265.2+/-88.4 micromol per liter]) or isotonic-saline hydration at a rate of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour given in a step-down unit (56 @entity1 , with a mean serum @entity1011 concentration of 3.1+/-1.0 mg per deciliter [274.0+/-88.4 micromol per liter]). Hemofiltration (fluid replacement rate, 1000 ml per hour without @entity353 ) and saline hydration were initiated 4 to 8 hours before the coronary intervention and were continued for 18 to 24 hours after the procedure was completed. RESULTS: An increase in the serum @entity1011 concentration of more than 25 percent from the base-line value after the coronary intervention occurred less frequently among the @entity1 in the hemofiltration group than among the control @entity1 (5 percent vs. 50 percent, P<0.001). Temporary renal-replacement therapy (hemodialysis or hemofiltration) was required in 25 percent of the control @entity1 and in 3 percent of the @entity1 in the hemofiltration group. The rate of in-hospital events was 9 percent in the hemofiltration group and 52 percent in the control group (P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 2 percent in the hemofiltration group and 14 percent in the control group (P=0.02), and the cumulative one-year mortality was 10 percent and 30 percent, respectively (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity177 who are undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, periprocedural hemofiltration given in an ICU setting appears to be effective in preventing the deterioration of renal function due to contrast-agent-induced @entity8 and is associated with improved in-hospital and long-term outcomes.

title: The prevention of radiocontrast-agent-induced XXXX by hemofiltration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Relationship between the pineal gland and @entity5 has been repeatedly shown in many both experimental and clinical studies. However, morphological studies of the pineal gland in animals with experimentally-induced @entity5 are rare. Therefore, we decided to investigate the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity19 with implanted Colon 38 @entity420 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male adult B6D2F1 @entity19 were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups. Eight @entity19 were subcutaneously implanted with Colon 38 cell suspension, whereas the other eight intact animals served as controls. Three weeks after @entity5 implantation four animals from each group were sacrificed by spinal cord dislocation at 12:00 h or 24:00 h. The pineal glands were removed and processed for electron microscopic studies. The cross-sectional areas of the pinealocyte and its nucleus, and relative volume of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets, as well as the number of dense-core vesicles were estimated using a digital analyzer connected on-line to IBM-PC computer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test and Snedecor F test. RESULTS: In the pineal glands of the @entity5 -bearing animals killed during the daytime diminished size of pinealocytes and their nuclei, decreased relative volume of granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and lipid droplets as well as decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. On the contrary, the relative volumes of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were increased in these animals. In the @entity5 -bearing animals killed at night, however, increased cross-sectional areas of pinealocytes, and decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the presence of the @entity5 influences the morphology of pineal cells in @entity19 . Considering the fact that different patterns of ultrastructural changes were demonstrated in pinealocytes in different @entity5 types in various species, it seems that the character of the ultrastructural changes observed in @entity5 -bearing animals depends on the animal species and @entity5 type.

title: Ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity19 implanted with Colon 38 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Relationship between the pineal gland and @entity5 has been repeatedly shown in many both experimental and clinical studies. However, morphological studies of the pineal gland in animals with experimentally-induced @entity5 are rare. Therefore, we decided to investigate the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity19 with implanted Colon 38 @entity420 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male adult B6D2F1 @entity19 were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups. Eight @entity19 were subcutaneously implanted with Colon 38 cell suspension, whereas the other eight intact animals served as controls. Three weeks after @entity5 implantation four animals from each group were sacrificed by spinal cord dislocation at 12:00 h or 24:00 h. The pineal glands were removed and processed for electron microscopic studies. The cross-sectional areas of the pinealocyte and its nucleus, and relative volume of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets, as well as the number of dense-core vesicles were estimated using a digital analyzer connected on-line to IBM-PC computer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test and Snedecor F test. RESULTS: In the pineal glands of the @entity5 -bearing animals killed during the daytime diminished size of pinealocytes and their nuclei, decreased relative volume of granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and lipid droplets as well as decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. On the contrary, the relative volumes of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were increased in these animals. In the @entity5 -bearing animals killed at night, however, increased cross-sectional areas of pinealocytes, and decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the presence of the @entity5 influences the morphology of pineal cells in @entity19 . Considering the fact that different patterns of ultrastructural changes were demonstrated in pinealocytes in different @entity5 types in various species, it seems that the character of the ultrastructural changes observed in @entity5 -bearing animals depends on the animal species and @entity5 type.

title: Ultrastructure of pinealocytes in XXXX implanted with Colon 38 @entity420 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 who remain unconscious after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) poor outcome may be predicted with several tests. To use these tests, knowledge of a priori chances of poor outcome after varying periods of unconsciousness is needed. This study is aimed at providing such data. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Data regarding survival and recovery of consciousness were extracted from registry-based and prospective cohort studies of @entity1 with @entity63 . A survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier estimates and 28-day outcomes were calculated for all @entity1 unconscious after 24 h and 72 h, and 5 days, 7 days and 14 days after CPR. @entity1 characteristics and outcomes in our cohort were compared with those of published @entity1 series. RESULTS: After 28 days, 27% of 172 @entity1 from the two cohort studies were alive and conscious, 9% were still unconscious, and 64% had died. The proportion of @entity1 who regained consciousness decreased from 34% of those unconscious within the first 6 h post-CPR to 13% of those still unconscious after 2 weeks. The proportion surviving in an unconscious state increased from 6% of @entity1 who were unconscious initially to 33% of those still unconscious after 2 weeks. The chance of survival remained unchanged up to 7 days after CPR, irrespective of the duration of unconsciousness. @entity1 characteristics and outcomes in our cohort were comparable to data available from the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The a priori chances of (poor) outcome vary with the duration of unconsciousness after CPR. This study provides data for different time-intervals after CPR.

title: Survival and recovery of consciousness in XXXX after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic-ischemic coma']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['anoxic-ischemic coma']


abstract: FFR-rFVIIa is an inactivated recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) that inhibits the binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor (TF). It has been shown to prevent TF-induced @entity715 in animals. The present study is a substudy of the Active Site Inhibited Seven (ASIS) trial and examines the antithrombotic effect of 3 doses of FFR-rFVIIa in 24 @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Group 1 (n=9) received 400 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 40 to 50 U/kg heparin, group 2 (n=7) received 200 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 100 U/kg heparin, and group 3 (n=8) received 50 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 100 U/kg heparin. Blood thrombogenicity was assessed as total @entity715 area and fibrin deposition on the perfusion chamber at shear rate conditions typical of mild-moderate @entity3979 . Baseline blood thrombogenicity was evaluated a day before PCI, after heparin administration. A second perfusion chamber study was performed just before PCI, 15 minutes after the administration of heparin and FFR-rFVIIa. @entity715 formation at a high shear rate was markedly reduced in groups 1 and 2 after drug administration, by 79% to 84% and 76% to 87%, respectively (P<0.004 [group 1], P<0.04 [group 2]). In group 3, moderate @entity715 reduction of 46% to 48% was achieved (P<0.04). Fibrin deposition in all 3 groups was nearly eliminated after drug administration. Our data demonstrate that FFR-rFVIIa has a potent antithrombotic effect at different shear rates and severe @entity1317 conditions.

title: Antithrombotic effect of tissue factor inhibition by inactivated factor VIIa: an ex vivo XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Kv1 @entity972 channels consist of pore-forming alpha subunits as well as auxiliary beta subunits. In heterologous systems, Kv1alpha subunits suffice for induction of voltage-dependent @entity972 current (I(Kv)). Although Kv1 channels can be expressed without auxiliary subunits in heterologous systems, coexpression with Kvbeta subunits has dramatic effects on surface expression and kinetic properties. Much less is known about the functional roles of Kvbeta subunits in vivo, despite their presence in the majority of native Kv1 channel complexes. We used an antisense approach to probe the contribution of @entity34118 subunits to native Kv1 channel function in embryonic myocytes. We compared the effects of antisense @entity34118 treatment on the whole cell I(Kv) to those produced by overexpression of a dominant-negative Kv1alpha subunit. The reductions in the maximal @entity972 conductance produced by antisense @entity34118 treatment and elimination of Kv1alpha subunit function were not significantly different from each other. In addition, simultaneous elimination of Kv1alpha and @entity34118 subunit function resulted in no further reduction of the maximal conductance. The Kv channel complexes targeted by @entity34118 and/or Kv1alpha subunit elimination contributed to action potential repolarization because elimination of either or both subunits led to increases in the duration of the action potential. As for @entity972 conductance, the effects of elimination of both alpha and beta subunits on the duration of the action potential were not additive. Taken together, the results suggest that Kv1 @entity972 channel complexes in vivo have a strong requirement for both alpha and beta subunits.

title: In vivo analysis of XXXX function in Xenopus embryonic myocytes.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity34118 :: (399149(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['Kvbeta2']


abstract: PURPOSE: At present there are not enough studies that demonstrate the usefulness of self-expandable stents in @entity1 with left-sided malignant @entity694 . We evaluated primary @entity254 and morbidity rates obtained with this method in comparison with the results of the emergency surgical treatment. METHODS: From February 1994 to November 1999, 72 consecutive @entity1 with left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction were enrolled. Forty-three @entity1 were assigned to the study group (preoperative stent and elective surgical treatment or palliative stent, depending on the assessment of the stage of the @entity5 ) and 29 to the control group (emergency surgical treatment). The resection was not indicated in 18 cases in the study group (after preoperative staging in 17 and intraoperative staging in 1) and in 3 cases in the control group. RESULTS: In the study group, the obstruction was relieved in 41 cases (95 percent) after the stent placement. Of 26 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment, a primary @entity254 was possible in 22 (84.6 vs. 41.4 percent in the control group, P = 0.0025), with lower need for a colostomy (15.4 vs. 58.6 percent in the control group). The anastomotic failure rate was similar and the reintervention rate was lower (0 vs. 17 percent, P = 0.014). The total stay (14.23 vs. 18.52 days; P = 0.047), the intensive care unit stay (0.3 vs. 2.9 days; P = 0.015), and the number of @entity1 with severe complications (11.6 vs. 41.2 percent; P = 0.008) were significantly lower in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity1 with left-sided malignant @entity694 , placement of a preoperative stent prevented 17 (94 percent) of 18 of unnecessary operations and a large number of colostomies after elective surgery. These results were obtained with a lower severe complication rate as well as a shorter hospital stay.

title: Self-expandable stent before elective surgery vs. emergency surgery for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstructions: comparison of primary XXXX and morbidity rates.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal obstruction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the long-term results of a randomized clinical trial in @entity1 with advanced stages (III and IV) of @entity706 using chemotherapy or combined therapy (chemotherapy following by adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity66 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 1995, @entity1 with @entity706 were treated with combined chemotherapy, mostly @entity4349 -based regimens; @entity1 who achieved complete response were randomly assigned either to receive adjuvant radiotherapy to sites or to @entity66 or not (control group). RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine @entity1 were randomized; in an intent-to-treat analysis all were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Actuarial curves at 20yr showed that event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the control group were 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36-56%) and 71% (95% CI 65-78%), respectively; these were statistically different from results for the @entity1 who received adjuvant radiotherapy: 68% (95% CI 62-72%) and 89% (95% CI 79-96%), respectively (P<0.01). Acute and late @entity137 were minimal; only four @entity1 (<1%) developed @entity2590 / @entity3052 . @entity1370 was 2%, but one case was lethal. Thirty-six @entity1 (8%) died secondary to unrelated causes, in complete remission. CONCLUSIONS: The use of adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with poor-prognosis @entity706 increases EFS and @entity1349 with minimal @entity137 . We feel that @entity706 should be treated curatively because <80% of @entity1 will be in first complete response at <20yr. The use of adjuvant radiotherapy will be considered in the first line of treatment in this set of @entity1 .

title: Combined therapy in advanced stages (III and IV) of XXXX increases the possibility of cure: results of a large controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']