abstract: Over 700 cerebral vascular operations have been undertaken on the Surgical Unit of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, for @entity64 prophylaxis, the majority being carotid endarterectomies. One of the unique features of the latter procedure is the marked @entity551 . The relation of this change to interference with carotid baroreceptor function was studied by per-operative carotid sinus nerve recording. It was possible to relate nerve activity to the postend-arterectomy changes in the mechanical properties of the vessel wall in the region of the carotid sinus. Postoperative @entity551 episodes could be reversed by the injection of local anaesthetic alongside the carotid sinus nerve through a cannula left in situ at operation.The complications of 425 carotid endarterectomies were analysed by computer and specific risk factors were found to be @entity101 , the presence of @entity2998 , and the presence of @entity455 . The carotid angiograms of 200 @entity1 were studied with respect to the extent of the disease at the origin of the internal carotid arteries. The operative complication rate was found to be closely related to the severity of this disease, all severe complications occurring in @entity1 with severe @entity543 or @entity432 . This finding has led to the introduction of the term the ;reperfusion syndrome', and the mechanism of the complication is still under study.Seventy-nine extraintracranial revascularising procedures have been undertaken and this operation has been shown to carry a very low morbidity. The postoperative incidence of recurrent transitory ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and @entity64 is low, but the longest follow-up period is still only 4 years. The value of the procedure for TIAs and @entity64 is under study, as is its place in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity303 .

title: Cerebral revascularisation in XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral internal carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'instability of postoperative blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid @entity729 may be related to @entity64 , which may result in @entity204 or physical and mental disabilities in survivors. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose is to study the association of carotid @entity729 (CAC) on dental panoramic radiographs and two risk factors of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) including @entity101 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Panoramic images of 200 @entity1 that were all @entity1 above 50 years of age (a population suffering from @entity455 ) were investigated. All panoramic images were provided under similar conditions in terms of the type of panoramic radiograph equipment, type of applied films and the automatic film processor. Then, the @entity1 answered questions about @entity583 history and taking antihypertensive drugs. We also measured the blood pressure of @entity1 in two separate surveys. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical program. We used Exact Fisher test and Chi-Square test at a significant level of less than 0.05 to study the effect of these variables on the occurrence of carotid @entity729 . RESULTS: Among 200 studied samples, 22 of the @entity1 (11%) had carotid @entity729 on the dental panoramic radiograph. In total, 52 @entity1 (26%) had @entity101 and four @entity1 (2%) had a history of @entity583 . Eleven individuals among @entity1 suffering from @entity101 (21.2%) and three individuals among @entity1 with a history of @entity583 (75%) demonstrated CAC on dental panoramic images . CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between CAC found on dental panoramic radiographs and two @entity64 risk factors-- @entity101 and @entity583 -- was significant. Therefore, it seems that detection of CAC on panoramic images of dental @entity1 must be considered by dentists.

title: Relationship between carotid @entity729 detected in dental panoramic images and XXXX and @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid @entity729 may be related to @entity64 , which may result in @entity204 or physical and mental disabilities in survivors. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose is to study the association of carotid @entity729 (CAC) on dental panoramic radiographs and two risk factors of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) including @entity101 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Panoramic images of 200 @entity1 that were all @entity1 above 50 years of age (a population suffering from @entity455 ) were investigated. All panoramic images were provided under similar conditions in terms of the type of panoramic radiograph equipment, type of applied films and the automatic film processor. Then, the @entity1 answered questions about @entity583 history and taking antihypertensive drugs. We also measured the blood pressure of @entity1 in two separate surveys. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical program. We used Exact Fisher test and Chi-Square test at a significant level of less than 0.05 to study the effect of these variables on the occurrence of carotid @entity729 . RESULTS: Among 200 studied samples, 22 of the @entity1 (11%) had carotid @entity729 on the dental panoramic radiograph. In total, 52 @entity1 (26%) had @entity101 and four @entity1 (2%) had a history of @entity583 . Eleven individuals among @entity1 suffering from @entity101 (21.2%) and three individuals among @entity1 with a history of @entity583 (75%) demonstrated CAC on dental panoramic images . CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between CAC found on dental panoramic radiographs and two @entity64 risk factors-- @entity101 and @entity583 -- was significant. Therefore, it seems that detection of CAC on panoramic images of dental @entity1 must be considered by dentists.

title: Relationship between carotid XXXX detected in dental panoramic images and @entity101 and @entity583 .

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['artery calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid @entity729 may be related to @entity64 , which may result in @entity204 or physical and mental disabilities in survivors. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose is to study the association of carotid @entity729 (CAC) on dental panoramic radiographs and two risk factors of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) including @entity101 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Panoramic images of 200 @entity1 that were all @entity1 above 50 years of age (a population suffering from @entity455 ) were investigated. All panoramic images were provided under similar conditions in terms of the type of panoramic radiograph equipment, type of applied films and the automatic film processor. Then, the @entity1 answered questions about @entity583 history and taking antihypertensive drugs. We also measured the blood pressure of @entity1 in two separate surveys. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical program. We used Exact Fisher test and Chi-Square test at a significant level of less than 0.05 to study the effect of these variables on the occurrence of carotid @entity729 . RESULTS: Among 200 studied samples, 22 of the @entity1 (11%) had carotid @entity729 on the dental panoramic radiograph. In total, 52 @entity1 (26%) had @entity101 and four @entity1 (2%) had a history of @entity583 . Eleven individuals among @entity1 suffering from @entity101 (21.2%) and three individuals among @entity1 with a history of @entity583 (75%) demonstrated CAC on dental panoramic images . CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between CAC found on dental panoramic radiographs and two @entity64 risk factors-- @entity101 and @entity583 -- was significant. Therefore, it seems that detection of CAC on panoramic images of dental @entity1 must be considered by dentists.

title: Relationship between carotid @entity729 detected in dental panoramic images and @entity101 and XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of combined @entity231 surgery with toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation when performed in conjunction with transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. @entity1 : Consecutive series of 55 eyes of 51 @entity1 from April 2007 to December of 2010. METHODS: All eyes underwent combined simultaneous small incision @entity231 surgery, toric IOL implantation, and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative visual acuity, postoperative @entity940 , and rotational stability of the IOL. RESULTS: Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.32    0.15 logMar (Snellen 20/43) and improved to 0.16    0.10 (Snellen 20/29) postoperatively uncorrected (P < 0.01) and to 0.08    0.11 best-corrected (Snellen 20/24) (P < 0.01). Preoperative @entity940 was 1.75    1.0 diopters (D) (range, 0-4.75 D) and improved to 0.5    0.50 D (range, 0-2.5 D) postoperatively (P < 0.01). Final measured postoperative IOL @entity2270 deviation from target @entity2270 was 4    6   (range, 0-32). @entity2790 was within 5   of target in 47 (85%) eyes, within 10 degrees of target in 51 (93%) eyes, and was within 15   of target in 52 (95%) eyes. CONCLUSION: Toric lens position and @entity2270 remained stable after implantation during combined @entity231 surgery and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

title: Stability of the acrysof toric intraocular lens in combined XXXX surgery and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Final IOL axis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: AIMS: Custom-made footwear is used to offload the @entity6 to prevent @entity1411 . This prospective study evaluates the offloading effects of modifying custom-made footwear and aims to provide data-driven directions for the provision of effectively offloading footwear in clinical practice. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 with @entity3949 and a recently healed plantar foot @entity1066 , who participated in a clinical trial on footwear effectiveness, had their custom-made footwear evaluated with in-shoe plantar pressure measurements at three-monthly intervals. Footwear was modified when peak pressure was >=   200  kPa. The effect of single and combined footwear modifications on in-shoe peak pressure at these high-pressure target locations was assessed. RESULTS: All footwear modifications significantly reduced peak pressure at the target locations compared with pre-modification levels (range -6.7% to -24.0%, P  <  0.001). The metatarsal heads were most frequently targeted. Repositioning an existing (trans-)metatarsal pad in the shoe insole (-15.9% peak pressure relief), applying local cushioning to the insole (-15.0%) and replacing the insole top cover with Plastazote (-14.2%) were the most effective single modifications. Combining a new Plastazote top cover with a trans-metatarsal bar (-24.0% peak pressure relief) or with local cushioning (-22.0%) were the most effective combined modifications. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity3949 and a recently healed plantar foot @entity1066 , significant offloading can be achieved at high-risk foot regions by modifying custom-made footwear. These results provide data-driven directions for the design and evaluation of custom-made footwear for high-risk @entity1 with @entity6 , and essentially mean that each shoe prescribed should incorporate those design features that effectively offload the foot.

title: Data-driven directions for effective footwear provision for the high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar foot ulcers']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity6368 jeopardizes public health and continues to spread out to currently recommended and older antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance provides essential clues toward the modification of treatment guidelines. The aim of the study was to determine gonococcal AMR profile and trends between 2007 and 2012 and to evaluate any change in AMR profile in comparison with published trends in 2002 to 2006. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 261 @entity6368 isolates from consecutive @entity1 between 2007 and 2012 was determined for @entity114 , @entity803 , @entity2177 , @entity6760 , extended-spectrum cephalosporins ( @entity2756 , @entity6727 , @entity26397 ) and @entity4580 by the disk diffusion technique and the Etest method. P value was determined using    test for comparisons of trends between the 2 periods. RESULTS: In comparison of AMR trends between 2002-2006 and 2007-2012, penicillinase-producing @entity6368 , @entity803 -resistant @entity6368 , and @entity2177 -resistant strains increased significantly from 21.2% to 47.9% (P < 0.0001), 13.6% to 25.3% (P = 0.0002), and 78% to 89.7% (P = 0.0001), respectively. An insignificant increase from 2.4% to 4.2% (P > 0.05) in decreased susceptibility to @entity2756 and 0.8% to 1.5% (P > 0.05) for @entity4580 resistance was observed. All isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin over both the periods, except for one isolate in 2002. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights that there is a continuous increase in resistance to previously recommended antibiotics despite their disuse for treatment. The increase in number of strains with decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and @entity4580 resistance, currently recommended for management of @entity2954 , is of serious concern. These trends should be monitored continuously to change antibiotic policy.

title: Trends of Resistance to Antimicrobials Recommended Currently and in the Past for Management of XXXX in the Apex STD Center in India and Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Profile Between 2002-2006 and 2007-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity26397 :: ('MESH:C053268', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpodoxime']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['cefixime']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['Gonorrhea']


abstract: Pasture plots in 3 climatic regions were contaminated with worm eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi, @entity8955 , Haemonchus spp and Cooperia spp in the autumn, winter and spring. Successive pairs of parasite-free @entity291 were grazed on the plots for 7 to 10 days at 4-week intervals and then killed for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. On the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, irrespective of the season of pasture contamination, the degree of inhibition of O. ostertagi was low in winter and highest in spring. @entity8955 showed similar trends while Cooperia spp showed negligible inhibition. On the North Coast of New South Wales, inhibited larvae accounted for a very small proportion of the O. ostertagi burdens, while in comparison @entity8955 showed a much greater degree of inhibition. Larval inhibition of Haemonchus spp occurred in autumn and early winter after which it did not occur. There was negliglible inhibition in Cooperia spp. On the Central Coast of New South Wales, there was little inhibition of O. ostertagi and none in @entity8955 . For Haemonchus spp, inhibited larvae were found mainly in autumn and winter. The numbers of inhibited Cooperia larvae were also highest in autumn and winter and were associated with large worm burdens. The marked difference between the tablelands and coastal regions in the seasonal trends of inhibition of O. ostertagi was considered to be due to a difference in strains between the geographical regions. The possible effect of climatic factors on the inhibition-proneness of infective larvae on pasture is discussed for Ostertagia and other @entity2199 . The roles of host resistance and density-dependence are also discussed.

title: Seasonal changes in the structure of @entity2199 populations of XXXX in New South Wales in relation to inhibited larval development.

entities_list: @entity8955 :: ('40349', 'Species') :: ['T. axei', 'Trichostrongylus axei']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Pasture plots in 3 climatic regions were contaminated with worm eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi, @entity8955 , Haemonchus spp and Cooperia spp in the autumn, winter and spring. Successive pairs of parasite-free @entity291 were grazed on the plots for 7 to 10 days at 4-week intervals and then killed for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. On the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, irrespective of the season of pasture contamination, the degree of inhibition of O. ostertagi was low in winter and highest in spring. @entity8955 showed similar trends while Cooperia spp showed negligible inhibition. On the North Coast of New South Wales, inhibited larvae accounted for a very small proportion of the O. ostertagi burdens, while in comparison @entity8955 showed a much greater degree of inhibition. Larval inhibition of Haemonchus spp occurred in autumn and early winter after which it did not occur. There was negliglible inhibition in Cooperia spp. On the Central Coast of New South Wales, there was little inhibition of O. ostertagi and none in @entity8955 . For Haemonchus spp, inhibited larvae were found mainly in autumn and winter. The numbers of inhibited Cooperia larvae were also highest in autumn and winter and were associated with large worm burdens. The marked difference between the tablelands and coastal regions in the seasonal trends of inhibition of O. ostertagi was considered to be due to a difference in strains between the geographical regions. The possible effect of climatic factors on the inhibition-proneness of infective larvae on pasture is discussed for Ostertagia and other @entity2199 . The roles of host resistance and density-dependence are also discussed.

title: Seasonal changes in the structure of XXXX populations of @entity291 in New South Wales in relation to inhibited larval development.

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of locally recurrent @entity5 (LRRC) has become widely accepted to afford cure and improve quality of life in this subset of @entity1 . Thus far, traditional surgical and oncological markers have been used to highlight the success of surgical intervention. The use of @entity1 reported outcomes, specifically health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is sparse in these @entity1 . This maybe in part due to the lack of well-designed, validated instruments. AIM: The study identifies HRQoL issues relevant to @entity1 undergoing surgery for LRRC, with an aim to develop a conceptual framework of HRQoL specific to LRRC to enable measurement of @entity1 reported outcomes in this cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: Qualitative focus groups were undertaken at two institutions to identify relevant HRQoL themes. The principles of thematic content analysis were used to analysis data. NViVo10 was used to analyse data. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 participated in six consecutive focus groups. Two patterns of themes emerged related to HRQoL and healthcare services delivery and utilisation. Identified themes related to HRQoL included symptoms, @entity458 , role and social functioning, future perspective. Under healthcare services and delivery and utilisation the subdomain of disease management, treatment expectations and healthcare professionals were identified. CONCLUSION: This is the first qualitative study undertaken exclusively in @entity1 with LRRC to ascertain relevant HRQoL outcomes. The impact of LRRC on @entity1 is wide-ranging and extends beyond traditional HRQoL outcomes. The study operationalises the identified outcomes into a conceptual framework, which will provide the basis for the development of a LRRC specific @entity1 reported outcome measure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Development of a conceptual framework of health-related quality of life in locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual function, psychological impact']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Between November 1964 and December 1981, 80 @entity1 who had undergone an open biopsy of a cervical lymph node containing @entity957 were treated with curative intent in the University of Florida Division of Radiation Therapy. Irradiation was the initial step in the definitive treatment of all @entity1 , followed by neck dissection and/or primary resection, as indicated. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. (a) NX (no gross @entity135 ) (25 @entity1 ): According to the referring surgeons' and pathologists' reports, a single, clinically positive lymph node was totally excised in 25 @entity1 . No other clinically positive lymph nodes were appreciated upon referral. No neck dissections were added following irradiation in this group of @entity1 . The absolute 5 year disease-free survival in the NX group was 79%, and the rate of @entity135 control was 96%. (b) Gross @entity135 (55 @entity1 ): Gross residual disease remained in the neck in 55 @entity1 following biopsy. In some @entity1 , only an incisional biopsy of a large mass had been performed; in others, only one of several involved nodes was removed. The absolute 5 year disease-free survival in this group of @entity1 was 31%, and the rate of @entity135 control was 64%. The more consistent addition of a neck dissection in recent years has resulted in improved neck control rates in this group: 13/20 (65%) for N1-N2 disease and 2/7 (29%) for @entity66 following irradiation alone versus 6/7 (86%) for N2 disease and 5/8 (63%) for @entity66 when a neck dissection was added following irradiation. There are some differences in the rates of neck control, control above the clavicles, survival, distant @entity3 , and complications between this series and other reported series in which open neck-node biopsy preceded definitive treatment. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.

title: The influence of excisional or incisional biopsy of metastatic neck nodes on the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['residual neck disease', 'neck disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N3A disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, @entity28 has increased due to a variety of reasons, including the availability of 'fast food' and high-fat diets. Developing anti- @entity28 functional drugs and foods from natural sources may offer solutions to this global concern. Generally, tuna is a high-protein, low-fat and low-calorie food with various bioactive effects. It may improve memory, reduce @entity165 levels and positively affect the development of brain cells. In this study, we screened the anti- @entity28 potential of peptides derived from tuna protein. We then observed protein bands by the Coomassie blue staining of a @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) gel. The protein mixture was concentrated and desalted using in-gel trypsin digestion and a C18  nano column and Poros  R2 reversed-phase preparation, prior to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF @entity15 / @entity15 ). We screened the peptides for their ability to affect adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also measured @entity413 uptake, @entity412 levels and lipid droplets using @entity21170 staining. As a result, we confirmed that one peptide inhibited adipocyte differentiation. We also observed the expression of @entity28 -related genes by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The peptide from the tuna extract significantly reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein  a ( @entity16509 ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y ( @entity3229 -y) adipocyte marker genes. Thus, our data suggest that this peptide from boiled tuna extract reduces lipid components and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, and these characteristics may be of value in the development of anti- @entity28 foods.

title: Peptide derived from desalinated boiled tuna extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of XXXX and @entity3229 -y in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity16509 :: (12606(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['C/EBP-a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, @entity28 has increased due to a variety of reasons, including the availability of 'fast food' and high-fat diets. Developing anti- @entity28 functional drugs and foods from natural sources may offer solutions to this global concern. Generally, tuna is a high-protein, low-fat and low-calorie food with various bioactive effects. It may improve memory, reduce @entity165 levels and positively affect the development of brain cells. In this study, we screened the anti- @entity28 potential of peptides derived from tuna protein. We then observed protein bands by the Coomassie blue staining of a @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) gel. The protein mixture was concentrated and desalted using in-gel trypsin digestion and a C18  nano column and Poros  R2 reversed-phase preparation, prior to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF @entity15 / @entity15 ). We screened the peptides for their ability to affect adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also measured @entity413 uptake, @entity412 levels and lipid droplets using @entity21170 staining. As a result, we confirmed that one peptide inhibited adipocyte differentiation. We also observed the expression of @entity28 -related genes by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The peptide from the tuna extract significantly reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein  a ( @entity16509 ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y ( @entity3229 -y) adipocyte marker genes. Thus, our data suggest that this peptide from boiled tuna extract reduces lipid components and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, and these characteristics may be of value in the development of anti- @entity28 foods.

title: Peptide derived from desalinated boiled tuna extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of @entity16509 and XXXX -y in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

answer: @entity3229 :: (19013(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PPAR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intraperitoneal solid @entity5 are far less common in @entity1 than in adults, and the histologic spectrum of @entity5 of the peritoneum and its specialized folds in young @entity1 differs from that in older @entity1 . Localized masses may be caused by @entity5 , @entity12692 , @entity81 , or other mesenchymal masses. @entity5 is a @entity361 of borderline biologic potential that appears as a solitary circumscribed mass, possibly with central calcification. @entity12692 is an @entity1071 that appears as a circumscribed, intensely enhancing mass in the mesentery. @entity81 , or @entity765 , is a benign @entity5 of mesenchymal origin associated with @entity1412 . @entity81 appears as a mildly enhancing, circumscribed solitary mass without @entity3 . @entity6378 may be due to @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ), @entity1893 , or @entity980 . @entity2269 is a rare member of the small round blue cell @entity5 family that causes diffuse peritoneal masses without a visible @entity5 . A dominant mass is typically found in the retrovesical space. @entity2109 is a @entity5 that manifests with @entity66 because of its short doubling time. The bowel and adjacent mesentery are commonly involved. @entity980 may arise as a @entity5 of the omentum or may spread from a @entity5 in the bladder, prostate, or scrotum. Knowledge of this spectrum of disease allows the radiologist to provide an appropriate differential diagnosis and suggest proper @entity1 management.

title: Solid Tumors of the Peritoneum, Omentum, and Mesentery in XXXX : Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation: From the Radiologic Pathology Archives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumor', 'primary tumor', 'Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'pediatric tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse peritoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'DSRCT']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric fibromatosis', 'mesenteric fibromatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity8 causes significant morbidity in cirrhotic @entity1 . Diagnosis is challenging because it is based on serum @entity1011 , which is used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate, which itself is not an ideal measure of renal function in @entity1 with @entity82 . Finding the exact cause of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity82 remains problematic due to the limitations of the current diagnostic tests. The purpose of this review is to highlight studies used to diagnose @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity8 and review current treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: New diagnostic criteria and classification of @entity8 , especially for @entity810 ( @entity810 ), have been proposed in hopes of optimizing treatment and improving outcomes. New biomarkers that help to differentiate structural from functional @entity810 in cirrhotic @entity1 have been developed, but require further investigation. Vasoconstrictors are the most commonly recommended treatment of @entity3182 ( @entity3182 ). Given the high mortality in @entity1 with type 1 @entity3182 , all @entity1 with @entity3182 should be evaluated for liver transplantation. When @entity8 is considered irreversible, combined liver-kidney transplantation is advised. SUMMARY: Development of new biomarkers to differentiate the different types of @entity810 in @entity82 holds promise. Early intervention in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity8 offers the best hope of improving outcomes.

title: XXXX in @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal dysfunction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity8 causes significant morbidity in cirrhotic @entity1 . Diagnosis is challenging because it is based on serum @entity1011 , which is used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate, which itself is not an ideal measure of renal function in @entity1 with @entity82 . Finding the exact cause of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity82 remains problematic due to the limitations of the current diagnostic tests. The purpose of this review is to highlight studies used to diagnose @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity8 and review current treatments. RECENT FINDINGS: New diagnostic criteria and classification of @entity8 , especially for @entity810 ( @entity810 ), have been proposed in hopes of optimizing treatment and improving outcomes. New biomarkers that help to differentiate structural from functional @entity810 in cirrhotic @entity1 have been developed, but require further investigation. Vasoconstrictors are the most commonly recommended treatment of @entity3182 ( @entity3182 ). Given the high mortality in @entity1 with type 1 @entity3182 , all @entity1 with @entity3182 should be evaluated for liver transplantation. When @entity8 is considered irreversible, combined liver-kidney transplantation is advised. SUMMARY: Development of new biomarkers to differentiate the different types of @entity810 in @entity82 holds promise. Early intervention in cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity8 offers the best hope of improving outcomes.

title: @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: The role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis and management of @entity788 (PNETs) is unclear. We aimed to compare clinical/endosonographic characteristics of cystic with solid PNETs, determine diagnostic accuracy of preoperative EUS-FNA, and evaluate recurrence rates after resection. @entity1 and methods: All @entity1 with cystic or solid @entity6196 confirmed by EUS-FNA between 2000 and 2014 were identified. A matched case-control study compared 50 consecutive @entity1 with cystic PNETs with 50 consecutive @entity1 with solid PNETs, matched by gender and age at diagnosis of index cystic @entity6196 . We compared clinical/endosonographic characteristics, assessed diagnostic accuracy of preoperative EUS-FNA for identifying @entity5 , and analyzed @entity5 -free survival of @entity1 with cystic and solid PNETs. Results: @entity788 tended to be larger than solid PNETs (mean 26.8 vs. 20.1mm, P=0.05), more frequently nonfunctional (96% vs. 80%, P=0.03), and less frequently associated with @entity7582 (10% vs. 28%, P=0.04). With surgical pathology as reference standard, EUS-FNA accuracies for @entity5 of cystic and solid PNETs were 89.3% and 90%, respectively; cystic PNETs were less associated with metastatic adenopathy (22% vs. 42%, P=0.03) and liver @entity3 (0% vs. 26%, P<0.001). Cystic fluid analysis (n=13), showed benign cystic PNETs had low @entity787 ( @entity787 ), Ki-67 <=2%, and no loss of heterozygosity. @entity1 with cystic and solid PNETs had similar recurrence risk up to 5 years after complete resection. Conclusions: @entity788 have distinct clinical and EUS characteristics, but were associated with less aggressive biological behavior compared with solid PNETs. EUS-FNA is accurate for determining malignant potential on preoperative evaluation. Despite complete resection, recurrence is observed up to 5 years following surgery.

title: XXXX : outcomes of preoperative endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration, and recurrence during long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic PNETs', 'cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity7582 :: ('MESH:D018761', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: @entity849 or @entity1146 with intact @entity67 represents a @entity299 for which the long-term prognosis appears to depend partly on the size of the right ventricle. Thus, the capability of noninvasive assessment of right ventricular size to predict operative outcome was examined in 15 @entity1 (aged 1 to 30 days, mean 5.6) with severe right @entity3585 (either @entity849 [7 @entity1 ] or @entity1146 with intact @entity67 [8 @entity1 ]). Using echocardiography in two orthogonal subxiphoid views, right ventricular volume, wall thickness, area change fraction, ejection fraction and tricuspid anulus dimension were measured. All @entity1 with a normalized right ventricular enddiastolic volume of less than 5 ml/m2 and a normalized tricuspid anulus dimension of less than 1.0 cm/m2/3 required a shunt operation. Only one @entity1 with a volume of more than 6 ml/m2 and a normalized tricuspid anulus dimension of more than 1.4 cm/m2/3 required more than relief of right @entity3585 . In this @entity1 , residual severe @entity849 necessitated the shunt procedure. One @entity1 with a volume of more than 6 ml/m2 had an anulus diameter of less than 1.4 cm/m2/3 and one @entity1 with an anulus diameter of more than 1.4 cm/m2/3 had a volume of less than 6 ml/m2; both required shunt procedures. It therefore appears that if either the ventricular volume or tricuspid anulus size is excessively small, a shunt procedure is necessary. Wall thickness, area change fraction and ejection fraction measurements were not significantly correlated with right ventricular volume or postoperative outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular size and function in newborns with severe right XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['Critical pulmonary stenosis', 'pulmonary stenosis', 'critical pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: The prevalence and significance of clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were compared in three groups of elderly @entity1 . One group was diagnosed as @entity303 of an @entity195 ( @entity195 ), another as @entity9398 ( @entity9398 ), and the third as @entity308 . Clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were uncommon in the @entity195 group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the @entity195 @entity1 had a history of @entity583 , 5% @entity951 , 1% @entity943 , and 3% @entity712 . Electrocardiographic changes of an old @entity583 were present in 9%, @entity955 in 1%, and @entity4346 in 3%. A history of @entity101 was present in 24% of the @entity195 @entity1 . In comparison, a history of @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 was five times greater, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the @entity9398 group. A history of @entity101 was three times more common and actual blood pressure readings were higher. In the @entity308 group @entity299 was not uncommon and the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the @entity9398 group. However, a history of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were statistically less than in the @entity9398 group.

title: Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and @entity101 in elderly @entity1 with @entity303 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multiinfarct dementia', 'MID']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's type"]

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The prevalence and significance of clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were compared in three groups of elderly @entity1 . One group was diagnosed as @entity303 of an @entity195 ( @entity195 ), another as @entity9398 ( @entity9398 ), and the third as @entity308 . Clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were uncommon in the @entity195 group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the @entity195 @entity1 had a history of @entity583 , 5% @entity951 , 1% @entity943 , and 3% @entity712 . Electrocardiographic changes of an old @entity583 were present in 9%, @entity955 in 1%, and @entity4346 in 3%. A history of @entity101 was present in 24% of the @entity195 @entity1 . In comparison, a history of @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 was five times greater, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the @entity9398 group. A history of @entity101 was three times more common and actual blood pressure readings were higher. In the @entity308 group @entity299 was not uncommon and the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the @entity9398 group. However, a history of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were statistically less than in the @entity9398 group.

title: Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and XXXX in elderly @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity308 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The prevalence and significance of clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were compared in three groups of elderly @entity1 . One group was diagnosed as @entity303 of an @entity195 ( @entity195 ), another as @entity9398 ( @entity9398 ), and the third as @entity308 . Clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were uncommon in the @entity195 group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the @entity195 @entity1 had a history of @entity583 , 5% @entity951 , 1% @entity943 , and 3% @entity712 . Electrocardiographic changes of an old @entity583 were present in 9%, @entity955 in 1%, and @entity4346 in 3%. A history of @entity101 was present in 24% of the @entity195 @entity1 . In comparison, a history of @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 was five times greater, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the @entity9398 group. A history of @entity101 was three times more common and actual blood pressure readings were higher. In the @entity308 group @entity299 was not uncommon and the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the @entity9398 group. However, a history of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were statistically less than in the @entity9398 group.

title: Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and @entity101 in elderly @entity1 with XXXX and @entity308 .

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The prevalence and significance of clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were compared in three groups of elderly @entity1 . One group was diagnosed as @entity303 of an @entity195 ( @entity195 ), another as @entity9398 ( @entity9398 ), and the third as @entity308 . Clinical @entity299 and @entity101 were uncommon in the @entity195 group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the @entity195 @entity1 had a history of @entity583 , 5% @entity951 , 1% @entity943 , and 3% @entity712 . Electrocardiographic changes of an old @entity583 were present in 9%, @entity955 in 1%, and @entity4346 in 3%. A history of @entity101 was present in 24% of the @entity195 @entity1 . In comparison, a history of @entity583 , @entity951 , and @entity712 was five times greater, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the @entity9398 group. A history of @entity101 was three times more common and actual blood pressure readings were higher. In the @entity308 group @entity299 was not uncommon and the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the @entity9398 group. However, a history of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were statistically less than in the @entity9398 group.

title: Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and @entity101 in elderly XXXX with @entity303 and @entity308 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose - The number of juvenile offenders admitted to Malaysian prisons is alarming. The purpose of this paper is to determine the presence of any @entity146 and their association with personal characteristics of juvenile detainees in prisons across Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach - Detainees were recruited from five different prisons in Peninsular Malaysia and interviewed by a psychiatrist using the MINI-Kid and FACES-IV, relevant personal and family information was also collected. Findings - A total of 105 detainees participated in the study. Almost all of the offenders (93.3 per cent) had at least one diagnosable @entity146 and more than half (76.2 per cent) had two or more @entity146 diagnoses. @entity9054 ( @entity9054 ) was the commonest disorder (59.0 per cent), while @entity734 ( @entity734 ) was the commonest co-morbidity. A significant correlation was found between presence of @entity9054 , education level and @entity734 . Almost all (61/62, 98.4 per cent) of the detainees with @entity9054 , had not completed schooling (OR 8.03, 95 per cent CI 1.01-71.35), and detainees with this disorder were more likely to use substances than detainees without @entity9054 (OR 4.35, 95 per cent CI 1.90-9.99). Detainees with any @entity146 diagnosis were more likely to have four or more siblings in their families (OR 5.5, 95 per cent CI 1.1-26.9). Originality/value - There is a high prevalence of @entity146 among juvenile offenders in Malaysian prisons, detection and intervention would be important.

title: Prevalence of XXXX among juvenile offenders in Malaysian prisons and association with socio-demographic and personal factors.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorders', 'SUD']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['Conduct disorder', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Grounding a @entity1 to the earth has resulted in changes in the physiology of the body. A pilot study on grounding and eccentric contractions demonstrated shortened duration of @entity158 , reduced @entity908 kinase (CK), and differences in blood parameters. This follow-up study was conducted to investigate the effects of grounding after moderate eccentric contractions on @entity158 , CK, and complete blood counts. Thirty-two healthy young @entity1 were randomly divided into grounded (n=16) and sham-grounded (n=16) groups. On days 1 through 4, visual analog scale for @entity158 evaluations and blood draws were accomplished. On day 1, the @entity1 performed eccentric contractions of 200 half-knee bends. They were then grounded or sham-grounded to the earth for 4 hours on days 1 and 2. Both groups experienced @entity158 on all posttest days. On day 2, the sham-grounded group experienced significant CK increase (P<0.01) while the CK of the grounded group did not increase significantly; the between-group difference was significant (P=0.04). There was also an increase in the neutrophils of the grounded group on day 3 (P=0.05) compared to the sham-grounded group. There was a significant increase in platelets in the grounded group on days 2 through 4. Grounding produced changes in CK and complete blood counts that were not shared by the sham-grounded group. Grounding significantly reduced the loss of CK from the injured muscles indicating reduced @entity121 . These results warrant further study on the effects of earthing on delayed onset @entity121 .

title: Grounding after moderate eccentric contractions reduces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle damage']


abstract: The designation " @entity8767 " is vague and causes considerable @entity911 . This term comprises a number of affections, characterized by the presence of @entity8 . @entity5409 may be hereditary or sporadic. The defect may be isolated or occur as part of a syndrome. The identification of the exact nature of the lesion is therefore of paramount importance, not only for the prognosis of the propositus, but especially for the correct genetic counselling of the family. In this context, the perinatal autopsy represents an irreplaceable method of investigation. Since the pathogenesis of many, if not all, types of @entity8767 remains unknown, a practical classification must be based on gross and microscopic pathologic study, clinical features, and family history. Osathanondh and Potter (1964) distinguished four varieties, based on morphological findings, revealed by microdissection. Unfortunately, not all types of @entity5409 are included in this classification. Moreover, their @entity5409 collects a number of clearly different entities. Nevertheless, once one is familiar with its deficiencies, the Osathanondh and Potter classification is still very useful.

title: [ XXXX : morphology and genetic counseling].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic kidneys', 'type III cystic kidney', 'cystic kidneys']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Polycystic renal diseases']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of changes in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) severity prior to and following adjustment for changes in weight over the course of a 4-y weight loss intervention. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of baseline, 1- and 4-y follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Four Look AHEAD clinical centers. @entity1 : Two hundred sixty-three overweight/obese adults with type 2 @entity6 and @entity27 . INTERVENTIONS: Intensive lifestyle intervention or education control condition. MEASUREMENTS: Change in the @entity27 ( @entity27 ) served as the primary outcome. The percentage change in @entity410 (submaximal @entity209 ( @entity209 )) and change in weight (kg) were the primary independent variables. Primary analyses collapsed intervention conditions with statistical adjustment for treatment group and baseline @entity209 , weight, and @entity27 among other relevant covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, greater @entity209 were associated with lower @entity27 (B(SE) = -1.48(0.71), P = 0.038), but this relationship no longer existed (B(SE) = -0.24(0.73), P = 0.75) after adjustment for weight (B(SE) = 0.31(0.07), P < 0.0001). Fitness significantly increased at year 1 (+16.53    28.71% relative to baseline), but returned to near-baseline levels by year 4 (+1.81    24.48%). In mixed-model analyses of @entity27 change over time without consideration of weight change, increased @entity410 at year 1 (B(SE) = -0.15(0.04), P < 0.0001), but not at year 4 (B(SE) = 0.04(0.05), P = 0.48), was associated with @entity27 . However, with weight change in the model, greater weight loss was associated with @entity27 at years 1 and 4 (B(SE) = 0.81(0.16) and 0.60(0.16), both P < 0.0001), rendering the association between @entity410 and @entity27 change at year 1 nonsignificant (B(SE) = -0.04(0.04), P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Among overweight/obese adults with type 2 @entity6 , @entity410 change did not influence @entity27 severity change when weight change was taken into account. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identification number NCT00194259.

title: The Effect of Changes in XXXX and Weight on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Overweight Adults with Type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['AHI reduction', 'apnea-hypopnea index', 'cardiorespiratory fitness on obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic equivalents', 'METs']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory Fitness']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of changes in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) severity prior to and following adjustment for changes in weight over the course of a 4-y weight loss intervention. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of baseline, 1- and 4-y follow-up data from a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Four Look AHEAD clinical centers. @entity1 : Two hundred sixty-three overweight/obese adults with type 2 @entity6 and @entity27 . INTERVENTIONS: Intensive lifestyle intervention or education control condition. MEASUREMENTS: Change in the @entity27 ( @entity27 ) served as the primary outcome. The percentage change in @entity410 (submaximal @entity209 ( @entity209 )) and change in weight (kg) were the primary independent variables. Primary analyses collapsed intervention conditions with statistical adjustment for treatment group and baseline @entity209 , weight, and @entity27 among other relevant covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, greater @entity209 were associated with lower @entity27 (B(SE) = -1.48(0.71), P = 0.038), but this relationship no longer existed (B(SE) = -0.24(0.73), P = 0.75) after adjustment for weight (B(SE) = 0.31(0.07), P < 0.0001). Fitness significantly increased at year 1 (+16.53    28.71% relative to baseline), but returned to near-baseline levels by year 4 (+1.81    24.48%). In mixed-model analyses of @entity27 change over time without consideration of weight change, increased @entity410 at year 1 (B(SE) = -0.15(0.04), P < 0.0001), but not at year 4 (B(SE) = 0.04(0.05), P = 0.48), was associated with @entity27 . However, with weight change in the model, greater weight loss was associated with @entity27 at years 1 and 4 (B(SE) = 0.81(0.16) and 0.60(0.16), both P < 0.0001), rendering the association between @entity410 and @entity27 change at year 1 nonsignificant (B(SE) = -0.04(0.04), P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Among overweight/obese adults with type 2 @entity6 , @entity410 change did not influence @entity27 severity change when weight change was taken into account. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identification number NCT00194259.

title: The Effect of Changes in @entity410 and Weight on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Overweight Adults with Type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Class I transplantation antigens form complexes with a virus protein encoded in the early region E3 of the adenovirus-2 genome. The interaction between this viral glycoprotein, E19, and nascent @entity1 class I antigens has been examined by microinjecting purified mRNA into @entity1238 oocytes. Both E19 and the two class I antigen subunits, the heavy chain and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), were efficiently translated. The heavy chains did not become terminally glycosylated, as monitored by endoglycosidase H digestion, and were not expressed on the oocyte surface unless they were associated with @entity2262 . The E19 protein did not become terminally glycosylated, and we failed to detect this viral protein on the surface of the oocytes. Co-translation of heavy chain and E19 mRNA demonstrated that the two proteins associate intracellularly. However, neither protein appeared to be transported to the trans-Golgi compartment. Similar observations were made in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. Heavy chains bound to @entity2262 became terminally glycosylated in oocytes in the presence of low concentrations of E19. At high concentrations of the viral protein, no @entity1735 modifications and no cell surface expression of class I antigens were apparent. Thus, @entity2262 and E19 have opposite effects on the intracellular transport of the heavy chains. These data suggest that adenovirus-2 may impede the cell surface expression of class I antigens to escape immune surveillance.

title: Abrogation of cell surface expression of @entity1 class I transplantation antigens by an adenovirus protein in XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2M', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: Class I transplantation antigens form complexes with a virus protein encoded in the early region E3 of the adenovirus-2 genome. The interaction between this viral glycoprotein, E19, and nascent @entity1 class I antigens has been examined by microinjecting purified mRNA into @entity1238 oocytes. Both E19 and the two class I antigen subunits, the heavy chain and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ), were efficiently translated. The heavy chains did not become terminally glycosylated, as monitored by endoglycosidase H digestion, and were not expressed on the oocyte surface unless they were associated with @entity2262 . The E19 protein did not become terminally glycosylated, and we failed to detect this viral protein on the surface of the oocytes. Co-translation of heavy chain and E19 mRNA demonstrated that the two proteins associate intracellularly. However, neither protein appeared to be transported to the trans-Golgi compartment. Similar observations were made in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. Heavy chains bound to @entity2262 became terminally glycosylated in oocytes in the presence of low concentrations of E19. At high concentrations of the viral protein, no @entity1735 modifications and no cell surface expression of class I antigens were apparent. Thus, @entity2262 and E19 have opposite effects on the intracellular transport of the heavy chains. These data suggest that adenovirus-2 may impede the cell surface expression of class I antigens to escape immune surveillance.

title: Abrogation of cell surface expression of XXXX class I transplantation antigens by an adenovirus protein in @entity1238 oocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interference between similar or overlapping memories formed at different times poses an important challenge on the @entity2414 . Difficulties in managing interference are at the core of disabling @entity73 in @entity146 . Computational models have suggested that, in the normal brain, the sparse activation of the dentate gyrus granule cells maintained by tonic inhibitory control enables pattern separation, an orthogonalization process that allows distinct representations of memories despite interference. To test this mechanistic hypothesis, we generated @entity19 with significantly reduced expression of the a5-containing @entity8771 ( @entity8771 ) receptors selectively in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus (a5DGKO @entity19 ). a5DGKO @entity19 had reduced tonic inhibition of the granule cells without any change in fast phasic inhibition and showed increased activation in the dentate gyrus when presented with novel stimuli. a5DGKO @entity19 showed @entity73 characterized by high interference, without any deficiencies in low-interference tasks, suggesting specific @entity73 . Reduction of fast phasic inhibition in the dentate gyrus through granule cell-selective knock-out of a2-GABAARs or the knock-out of the @entity8771 in the downstream @entity4779 area did not detract from pattern separation abilities, which confirms the anatomical and molecular specificity of the findings. In addition to lending empirical support to computational hypotheses, our findings have implications for the treatment of interference-related @entity73 in @entity146 , particularly considering the availability of pharmacological agents selectively targeting @entity8771 . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Interference between similar memories poses a significant limitation on the @entity2414 , and impaired interference management is a cognitive symptom in many disorders. Thus, understanding mechanisms of successful interference management or processes that can lead to interference-related @entity2414 has high theoretical and translational importance. This study provides empirical evidence that tonic inhibition in the dentate gyrus (DG), which maintains sparseness of neuronal activation in the DG, is essential for management of interference. The specificity of findings to tonic, but not faster, more transient types of neuronal inhibition and to the DG, but not the neighboring brain areas, is presented through control experiments. Thus, the findings link interference management to a specific mechanism, proposed previously by computational models.

title: Tonic Inhibitory Control of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells by a5-Containing XXXX Receptors Reduces Memory Interference.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive symptoms', 'impairment of pattern separation', 'impairments in cognitive tasks']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems', 'hippocampal declarative memory system']

answer: @entity8771 :: (14405(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['GABAA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The total contact cast is considered to be an effective method of off-loading a @entity6227 . However complications have been reported in 1 to 15% of cases, e.g. prolonged healing of the @entity1066 . Debridement with modern dressings has been reported to be effective in promoting wound healing; however there have been few reported studies of the combination of modern dressings with the cast. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of treatments on healing rates in @entity6 of the foot. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective study with prospective data collection was conducted between September 2010 and August 2012. Twenty @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1411 were treated using a combination of a contact cast plus hydrogel andfoam dressings. The size and location of the @entity1066 , @entity1066 , @entity5109 were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 21 @entity1066 , 20 (95.2%) healed completely in a mean time of 30.1 days (range 14 to 70 days). Healing times for forefoot and midfoot @entity1066 were 22.6 and 26.8 days, respectively, which is significantly shorter than the 51.7 days for heel @entity1066 . One @entity1 who had an unhealed @entity1066 developed a severe @entity281 two months after treatment, which necessitated below the knee amputation. There were three cases of recurrence of the @entity1066 after casting. CONCLUSION: Off-loading casting combined with modern dressings had a high rate of healing in short-term treatment of @entity6227 . Recurrence of @entity1066 and new site abrasions were common complications; those complications may have been caused by association with @entity79 or improper footwear.

title: Off-loading total contact cast in combination with hydrogel and foam dressing for management of XXXX of the foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities and complications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic non-infected plantar ulcer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deformity']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic non-infected pressure ulcers', 'diabetic non-infected pressure ulcer']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar neuropathic ulcer']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic plantar ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) is characterized by nephritic-range @entity644 and the triad of clinical findings associated with large urinary losses of protein, @entity4988 , @entity4 and @entity407 . More than 80% of @entity1 below 13 years of age with primary @entity1985 have @entity479 -responsive forms. There is no identifiable cause of @entity71 ( @entity71 ). It is likely that the symptoms of @entity71 represent a final common pathway of diverse causes, including genetic, organic and environmental etiologies. This case-control study was performed on 130 @entity1 aged between 5 and 13 years who were followed-up for two years. Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity479 -dependent @entity1985 (SDNS) as the case group and 65 healthy @entity1 as the control group were included in the study. @entity1 with minimal change @entity1985 were treated with @entity617 for at least six months. Conner's Parent Rating Scale - 48 (CPRS-48) was completed by the parents and the @entity1 were identified with any form of @entity71 . Then, @entity1 were referred to an expert psychiatrist. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software. The result showed that there was no significant relationship between different types of @entity71 in both groups. Thus, based on current study, one may conclude that there are no significant differences between prevalence of @entity71 in @entity1 with SDNS and the control group.

title: The correlation between XXXX and @entity479 -dependent @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) is characterized by nephritic-range @entity644 and the triad of clinical findings associated with large urinary losses of protein, @entity4988 , @entity4 and @entity407 . More than 80% of @entity1 below 13 years of age with primary @entity1985 have @entity479 -responsive forms. There is no identifiable cause of @entity71 ( @entity71 ). It is likely that the symptoms of @entity71 represent a final common pathway of diverse causes, including genetic, organic and environmental etiologies. This case-control study was performed on 130 @entity1 aged between 5 and 13 years who were followed-up for two years. Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity479 -dependent @entity1985 (SDNS) as the case group and 65 healthy @entity1 as the control group were included in the study. @entity1 with minimal change @entity1985 were treated with @entity617 for at least six months. Conner's Parent Rating Scale - 48 (CPRS-48) was completed by the parents and the @entity1 were identified with any form of @entity71 . Then, @entity1 were referred to an expert psychiatrist. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software. The result showed that there was no significant relationship between different types of @entity71 in both groups. Thus, based on current study, one may conclude that there are no significant differences between prevalence of @entity71 in @entity1 with SDNS and the control group.

title: The correlation between @entity71 and XXXX -dependent @entity1985 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) is characterized by nephritic-range @entity644 and the triad of clinical findings associated with large urinary losses of protein, @entity4988 , @entity4 and @entity407 . More than 80% of @entity1 below 13 years of age with primary @entity1985 have @entity479 -responsive forms. There is no identifiable cause of @entity71 ( @entity71 ). It is likely that the symptoms of @entity71 represent a final common pathway of diverse causes, including genetic, organic and environmental etiologies. This case-control study was performed on 130 @entity1 aged between 5 and 13 years who were followed-up for two years. Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity479 -dependent @entity1985 (SDNS) as the case group and 65 healthy @entity1 as the control group were included in the study. @entity1 with minimal change @entity1985 were treated with @entity617 for at least six months. Conner's Parent Rating Scale - 48 (CPRS-48) was completed by the parents and the @entity1 were identified with any form of @entity71 . Then, @entity1 were referred to an expert psychiatrist. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software. The result showed that there was no significant relationship between different types of @entity71 in both groups. Thus, based on current study, one may conclude that there are no significant differences between prevalence of @entity71 in @entity1 with SDNS and the control group.

title: The correlation between @entity71 and @entity479 -dependent XXXX .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to contribute to the collected knowledge of prognostic factors in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) to the benefit of possible future prospective studies and therapeutic guidelines. METHOD: All @entity1 with pathologically verified @entity0 in the period of 1979-2014 were extracted from a hospital-based database at Aarhus University Hospital. All records were reviewed for @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics. Primary endpoints were overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Adjustments were made for age, @entity5 location, surgical strategy, size, histological classification, prior radiation and grade. Prognostic factors were determined by the use of Cox proportional hazard ratio. RESULTS: In total 42 @entity1 were identified. Surgical resection was the main method of treatment. Nineteen (45%) @entity1 were initially selected for lumpectomy, of these 68% needed at least one re-excision to attain wide margins. In total 55% experienced recurrence, loco regional in 43%. Five-years overall survival was 49%, five-year DFS was 48% and five-year DSS was 40%. Significant prognostic factors were size and grade. A trend towards better survival in those with superficial @entity5 was observed as well as an increased incidence in @entity39236 ( @entity5426 ) of the breast, however, prognosis was no different from non-radiation-induced @entity5426 . CONCLUSION: Prognostic factors in @entity0 @entity1 were size and grade with a trend towards better survival in those with superficial @entity5 . There was no difference in survival between radiation-induced and spontaneous @entity0 . High rate of local recurrence suggests the need for aggressive surgical approach or the routine addition of postoperative radiotherapy in those selected for breast conserving surgery (BCS).

title: Primary XXXX : A retrospective study over 35 years from a single institution.

entities_list: @entity39236 :: ('MESH:C536264', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['PBS', 'primary breast sarcomas', 'breast sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air stacking improves cough effectiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and @entity425 . However, it is not known whether air stacking is more effective via a resuscitator bag or a home ventilator. METHODS: This prospective randomized study investigated the effect of air stacking via a volume-cycled home ventilator versus via a resuscitator bag in @entity1 with @entity1555 . Maximum insufflation capacity and peak expiratory flow during spontaneous (cough peak flow) and air stacking-assisted cough maneuvers (air stacking-assisted cough peak flow) were measured. RESULTS: Fifty-two adult @entity1555 subjects receiving noninvasive ventilation were included in the study: 27 @entity1 performed air stacking via their home ventilator (home-ventilator group; age = 25.3    5.1 y; forced vital capacity (FVC) = 809    555 mL), and 25 @entity1 used a resuscitator bag (resuscitator-bag group; age = 24.7    5.7 y, FVC = 807    495 mL). Following a single training session, air stacking could be performed successfully by 89% (home ventilator) and 88% (resuscitator bag) of @entity1 . There were comparable maximum insufflation capacities (1,481 mL for the home-ventilator group vs 1,344 mL for the resuscitator-bag group, P = .33) and mean air stacking-assisted cough peak flow values (199 L/min for the home-ventilator group vs 186 L/min for the resuscitator-bag group, P = .33) between techniques. Air stacking-assisted cough peak flow increased significantly compared with baseline in both groups (mean increase: +51% [home ventilator] vs +49% [resuscitator bag], P < .001), with individual air stacking-assisted cough peak flow improvements ranging from -20 to 245%. CONCLUSIONS: Cough augmentation is an important component of the respiratory management of @entity1 with a @entity4094 . No difference in cough effectiveness as measured by air stacking-assisted cough peak flow was found in air stacking via a ventilator compared with via a resuscitator bag. Both methods achieved mean air stacking-assisted cough peak flow values of >160 L/min. Provision of an inexpensive resuscitator bag can effectively improve cough capacity, and it is simple to use, which may improve access to respiratory care in @entity1 with @entity1555 .

title: Cough Augmentation in Subjects With XXXX : Comparison of Air Stacking via a Resuscitator Bag Versus Mechanical Ventilation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorder']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle weakness']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ) can have inhibitory effects on @entity302 ( @entity302 ) of @entity1 with focal @entity410 . However, the brain connectivity before, during and after @entity302 , with or without the administration of @entity9808 , has not been extensively explored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the brain network of effective connectivity during ED with and without @entity9808 in @entity1 with focal @entity410 . METHODS: For the effective connectivity a direct causality measure is applied termed partial mutual information from mixed embedding (PMIME). @entity9808 -EEG data from two @entity1 with focal @entity410 were analyzed. Each EEG record contained a number of @entity302 in the majority of which @entity9808 was administered over the @entity302 focus. As a control condition, sham stimulation over the epileptogenic zone or real @entity9808 at a distance from the @entity302 focus was also performed. The change in brain connectivity structure was investigated from the causal networks formed at each sliding window. CONCLUSION: The PMIME could detect distinct changes in the network structure before, within, and after ED. The administration of real @entity9808 over the @entity302 focus, in contrast to sham stimulation, terminated the ED prematurely in a node-specific manner and regained the network structure as if it would have terminated spontaneously.

title: Direct Causal Networks for the Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'epileptic', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epileptiform Discharges']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this split-mouth, double-blind, randomized study was to determine whether pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) can improve swelling and the management of @entity158 after full-arch immediate loading implant surgery. Eleven @entity1 were selected for the study. Each @entity1 received four distal tilted implants in the upper or lower jaw and underwent full-arch immediate loading rehabilitation. After surgery, two PEMF devices were applied to each @entity1 , one on each cheek. In a random manner, one of these PEMF devices was switched on (test side); the other served as a placebo (control side). Forty-eight hours after surgery clinicians estimated @entity86 through photographic documentation, comparing the condition before and after surgery, while @entity158 was assessed using a verbal rating scale. The @entity1 's degree of comfort in relation to the PEMF devices was analyzed by questionnaire using a numerical rating scale. No statistically significant difference was observed between the test and control sides for swelling or @entity158 (P>0.05). Most of the @entity1 did not present swelling or @entity158 at 48h after surgery, regardless of whether the PEMF device was activated or not. Various outcomes were found in the comfort evaluation. Within the limitations of this study, PEMF does not reduce @entity86 or @entity158 after implant surgery.

title: Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on swelling and XXXX after implant surgery: a double-blind, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative swelling']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite the rising trend of @entity5 prevalence and increase in family caregiving, little attention has been paid to the efficacy of psychosocial interventions among Asian caregiver samples, particularly support groups, given the benefits that have been shown in studies on Western populations. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot 4-week group psychotherapy for Singaporean family caregivers of @entity1 receiving outpatient care. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Facilitated by a clinical psychologist, this intervention is primarily based on the brief integrative psychological therapy with a supportive-expressive intent. @entity1 will be recruited while they are accompanying their care recipients for outpatient consultations. Since this is a pilot study, a sample size of 120 @entity1 is targeted on the basis of sample sizes of previous studies. The study adopts a quasi-experimental design, as @entity1 are assigned the intervention or control arms based on their availability to attend the intervention. A mixed methods approach is used to evaluate the outcomes of the intervention. A self-administered battery of tests is completed at four time points: baseline, postintervention and follow-up at 1-month and 2-month postinterventions; semi-structured interviews are conducted at baseline and post-intervention. Primary outcomes are quality of life and @entity308 ; secondary outcomes are stress and basic psychological needs. Analysis using analysis of covariance would be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol has ethics approval from the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board (NHG DSRB Ref: 2013/00662). Written informed consent is obtained from every @entity1 . Results will be disseminated through journals and conferences, and will be particularly relevant for clinicians intending to implement similar support groups to address the psychosocial concerns of caregivers, as well as for researchers seeking to refine the structure and evaluate the effectiveness of such programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Current Controlled Trials NCT02120183 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02120183).

title: A pilot, quasi-experimental, mixed methods investigation into the efficacy of a group psychotherapy intervention for caregivers of outpatients with XXXX : the COPE study protocol.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxious and depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and conventional radiography (CR) after acute small bone or joint @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2013 and January 2014, 231 @entity1 with recent small bone or joint @entity130 underwent CR and subsequent CBCT. CR and CBCT examinations were independently assessed by two readers, blinded to the result of the other modality. The total number of @entity174 as well as the number of complex @entity174 were compared, and inter- and intraobserver agreement for CBCT was calculated. In addition, radiation doses and evaluation times for both modalities were noted and statistically compared. RESULTS: Fracture detection on CBCT increased by 35  % and 37  % for reader 1 and reader 2, respectively, and identification of complex @entity174 increased by 236  % and 185  %. Interobserver agreement for CBCT was almost perfect, as was intraobserver agreement for reader 1. The intraobserver agreement for reader 2 was substantial. Radiation doses and evaluation time were significantly higher for CBCT. CONCLUSION: CBCT detects significantly more small bone and joint @entity174 , in particular complex @entity174 , than CR. In the majority of cases, the clinical implication of the additionally detected @entity174 is limited, but in some @entity1 (e.g., @entity174 ), the management is significantly influenced by these findings. As the radiation dose for CBCT substantially exceeds that of CR, we suggest adhering to CR as the first-line examination after small bone and joint @entity130 and keeping CBCT for @entity1 with clinical-radiographic discordance or suspected complex @entity174 in need of further (preoperative) assessment.

title: Direct comparison of conventional radiography and cone-beam CT in small bone and joint XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture-dislocations']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed at determining the influence of the @entity31202 @entity40967 polymorphism on muscle strength and muscle endurance in non-athletic young @entity1 . METHODS: 266 healthy young @entity1 were included in this study. Each subject performed maximal isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensor muscles on an isokinetic dynamometer. Force @entity308 , force enhancement and the fatigue index were derived from these data. In addition, handgrip strength, squat jump (SJ) and counter movement jump (CMJ) height were obtained. RESULTS: Our group included 83 RR (31  %), 131 RX (49  %) and 52 XX (20  %) individuals. The muscle bone cross-sectional area of the thigh was 5  % higher in RR compared to XX individuals (P  =  0.033). RR genotypes showed 6  % higher handgrip strength compared to the XX group (P  =  0.047). They also jumped 5  % higher in both the SJ and CMJ tests (P  =  0.029; P  =  0.031). No differences were found in force @entity308 , force enhancement, isometric or eccentric strength. The relative concentric knee torque at 200  /s and at 300  /s was 7 and 8  % higher in RR compared to XX genotypes, respectively (P  =  0.049; P  =  0.048). Also, the fatigue index was found to be 4  % lower in XX genotypes (P  =  0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in agreement with the higher prevalence of the RR genotype in power-oriented activities. The better fatigue index of XX genotypes may be beneficial in endurance-type activities.

title: History-dependent force, angular velocity and muscular endurance in XXXX genotypes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity31202 :: (89,Gene) :: ['ACTN3']


abstract: SIGNIFICANCE: @entity6 is an important risk factor for the development of @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Given the increasing prevalence of @entity6 in the population, strategies are needed to reduce the burden of @entity712 in these @entity1 . Recent Advances: @entity6 is associated with several pathologic findings in the heart including dysregulated metabolism, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and @entity32 . Emerging evidence suggests that @entity2383 may be a central mediator of these pathologic responses. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology holds promise for the management of @entity712 in @entity6 @entity1 . CRITICAL ISSUES: Despite significant data implicating mitochondrial pathology in @entity13088 , the optimal pharmacologic approach to improve mitochondrial function remains undefined. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Detailed mechanistic studies coupled with more robust clinical phenotyping will be necessary to develop novel approaches to improve cardiac function in @entity6 . Moreover, understanding the interplay between @entity6 and other cardiac stressors ( @entity101 , @entity63 , and @entity340 ) will be of the utmost importance for clinical translation of scientific discoveries made in this field. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 22, 1515-1526.

title: The Mitochondria in XXXX : From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Promise.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Heart Failure']


abstract: AIM: Evaluating the incidence of @entity28 and its risk factors among Tehranian adults. MATERIAL _ METHODS: In this population-based cohort, non-obese @entity1 , aged >= 20years, were followed for development of @entity28 (Body Mass Index (BMI) >= 30). Incidence density and cumulative incidence rates of @entity28 were calculated for each sex. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the association of potential @entity28 risk factors including: age, BMI, @entity209 , waist circumference (WC), smoking, marital status, education, and physical activity. RESULT: A total of 7257 @entity1 (3536 @entity1 ) were followed for a median of 8years. At baseline, mean age, BMI and WC were 41.3  14.6years, 25.1  2.9kg/m(2) (24.9  3kg/m(2) @entity1 and 25.2  3kg/m(2) @entity1 ), and 84.8  9.8cm (87.06  9.2cm @entity1 and 82.6  9.9cm @entity1 ) respectively. During the follow-up, 1345 @entity1 (876 @entity1 ) developed @entity28 contributing to cumulative incidences of 31.3% (CI: 29.9%-32.7%), 38.1% (CI: 36.2%-40.1%), and 23.4% (CI: 21.6%-25.3%) for the whole population, @entity1 , and @entity1 , respectively. Corresponding incidence density rates per 1000 @entity1 -year were 25.9 (CI: 24.5-27.3), 33.67 (CI: 31.5-36.0), and 18.0 (CI: 16.5-19.7), respectively. Highest incidence rates were observed during their 40s and 20s for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 with @entity209 , lower educational level, higher BMI and WC, were at higher risk of @entity28 development in both sexes. CONCLUSION: High incidence of @entity28 was observed among Tehranian adults with higher incidence of @entity28 in @entity1 . Different modifiable variables may act as risk factors for @entity28 development which should be targeted to control the epidemic of @entity28 .

title: Incidence and potential risk factors of XXXX among Tehranian adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To semi-quantitatively assess expiratory air trapping (ATexp) and structural changes in the proximal airways in @entity565 during @entity565 exacerbation (AE) and to explore the relationships among ATexp, clinical indices, and proximal airway changes. METHODS: Paired inspiratory-dynamic forced expiratory CT scans of 36 asthmatics (30 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 49.2  18.9 years) performed during AE were retrospectively reviewed for the total ATexp score (summed scores [extent grading (0-4)*pattern grading (1-4)] of the twelve lung zones), morphologic parameters and expiratory bronchial collapse (BCexp) of the proximal airways. The relationships of the score with clinical indices and proximal airway morphology (normalized by body surface area [BSA]) were analyzed. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean total ATexp score was 110.1  43.4 (range, 8-166). It was higher in the lower zones and in @entity1 older than 60 years, having BMI of <27.5kg/m(2), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of <60% predicted. Correlation existed between the score and age (r=0.331), BMI (r=-0.375), BSA (r=-0.442), % predicted PEFR (r=-0.332), right upper lobe apical segmental bronchus ( @entity996 )-wall area (WA)/BSA (r=0.467), % @entity996 -WA (r=0.395), and @entity996 -bronchial wall thickness (BWT)/BSA (r=0.378). The score showed no correlation with BCexp and other morphologic bronchial parameters. Area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve 0.724 (95% CI) showed that the score of 110 could discriminate @entity1 with PEFR of <60% predicted from those with PEFR of >= 60% predicted. CONCLUSION: During AE, there was a high prevalence of extensive ATexp which was correlated with @entity1 's age, BMI, BSA, AE severity and @entity996 morphology but not correlated with BCexp.

title: Expiratory air trapping during XXXX exacerbation: Relationships with clinical indices and proximal airway morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the end of an Oxford sleep resistance (OSLER) test session and a neurophysiological marker of sleep onset in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 . Single center study was conducted in @entity191 @entity1 with excessive @entity25 [ @entity25 scale (ESS) >9]. The OSLER test was conducted with a concomitant electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (mentalis), right and left electroculogram, and video monitoring. Neurophysiological (NP) sleep onset was defined according to AASM criteria (2005). Five @entity191 @entity1 with mean ESS of 14 (10-16) were included. OSLER test duration was shorter than 40   min in all @entity1 (mean duration 20   min and 39   s). No @entity1 fulfilled neurophysiological criteria to sleep onset at the time of OSLER test termination. In 13 OSLER sessions that ended before 40   min, eight had microsleeps in the last 30   s before the end of the test. NP monitoring showed signs of @entity25 in all @entity1 . In @entity191 @entity1 , the early termination of an OSLER test session may not correspond to NP criteria of sleep onset. However, in all @entity191 @entity1 with abnormal OSLER results, there were EEG signs of @entity25 , which do not exclude the potential utility of OSLER test to evaluate the risk of falling asleep.

title: End of OSLER Test Sessions in XXXX do not Correspond to True Sleep Onset: Results from an Exploratory Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: Dengue poses a serious public health risk to nearly half the global population. It causes ~400 million infections annually and is considered to be one of the fastest spreading @entity4002 . Four distinct serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) cause @entity66 , which may be either mild or extremely severe. @entity734 ( @entity734 ), by pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies, is considered to be the major mechanism underlying severe disease. This mandates that a preventive vaccine must confer simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four prevalent DENV serotypes. Recently, we used @entity10056 , to express recombinant DENV-2 E ectodomain, and found that it assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs), in the absence of prM, implicated in the elicitation of @entity734 -mediating antibodies. These VLPs elicited predominantly type-specific neutralizing antibodies that conferred significant protection against lethal DENV-2 challenge, in a @entity19 model. The current work is an extension of this approach to develop prM-lacking DENV-3 E VLPs. Our data reveal that @entity10056 -produced DENV-3 E VLPs not only preserve the antigenic integrity of the major neutralizing epitopes, but also elicit potent DENV-3 virus-neutralizing antibodies. Further, these neutralizing antibodies appear to be exclusively directed toward domain III of the DENV-3 E VLPs. Significantly, they also lack discernible @entity734 potential toward heterotypic DENVs. Taken together with the high productivity of the @entity10056 expression system, this approach could potentially pave the way toward developing a DENV E-based, inexpensive, safe, and efficacious tetravalent sub-unit vaccine, for use in resource-poor dengue endemic countries.

title: XXXX -expressed dengue 3 envelope-based virus-like particles elicit predominantly domain III-focused high titer neutralizing antibodies.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dengue disease']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ADE', 'Antibody-dependent enhancement']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']