abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of the @entity1 requiring cardiac surgery with concomitant severe @entity66 remains a controversy. The traditional approach involves staged or combined carotid endarterectomy and cardiac surgery. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of @entity543 concomitantly to cardiac operations to reduce the risk of perioperative @entity64 . METHODS: All @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery were screened preoperatively by color duplex ultrasonography for @entity66 . Carotid stenoses >= 60% in symptomatic @entity1 and >= 70% in asymptomatic @entity1 were treated using @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) under local anesthesia immediately before the open heart surgery. Cerebral protection devices were used in all cases. @entity1 did not receive @entity117 or @entity1397 before the procedure. In a prospective, nonrandomized study, we analyzed 90 consecutive @entity1 requiring cardiac surgery with concomitant severe carotid @entity455 who underwent one stage @entity2998 and cardiac surgery. RESULTS: Despite the high baseline risk profile, our results were encouraging. Carotid stenting was successful in all @entity1 . No @entity16 occurred during the carotid stenting procedures. The 30-day death/ @entity64 rate was 2.2% (one death, one @entity64 ). No @entity583 occurred. The carotid restenosis rate was zero during the intermediate-term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, @entity2998 followed immediately by cardiac surgery is safe and represents a reasonable option for selected @entity1 presenting with severe carotid and @entity301 .

title: Synchronous XXXX and open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'contralateral stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenoses']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19141 jirovecii (PJ), a pathogenic fungus, causes severe @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ) among immunocompromised @entity1 . A laboratory-developed real-time polyermase chain reaction (PCR) assay was validated for PJ detection to improve diagnosis of @entity10592 . METHODS: Forty stored bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (20 known PJ positive [PJ+] and 20 known PJ negative [PJ-]) were initially tested using the molecular assay. Ninety-two sequentially collected BAL samples were then analyzed using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and secondarily tested using the PJ real-time PCR assay. Discrepant results were resolved by retesting BAL samples using another real-time PCR assay with a different target. PJ real-time PCR assay performance was compared with the existing gold standard (ie, IFA) and a modified gold standard, in which a true positive was defined as a sample that tested positive in two of three methods in a @entity1 suspected to have @entity10592 . RESULTS: Ninety of 132 (68%) BAL fluid samples were collected from immunocompromised @entity1 . Thirteen of 92 (14%) BALs collected were PJ+ when tested using IFA. A total of 40 BAL samples were PJ+ in the present study including: all IFA positive samples (n=13); all referred PJ+ BAL samples (n=20); and seven additional BAL samples that were IFA negative, but positive using the modified gold standard. Compared with IFA, the PJ real-time PCR had sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 91%, 65% and 100%, respectively. Compared with the modified gold standard, PJ real-time PCR had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%. CONCLUSION: PJ real-time PCR improved detection of PJ in immunocompromised @entity1 .

title: Development and validation of a XXXX jirovecii real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of @entity10592 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial Pneumocystis pneumonia', 'PCP']

answer: @entity19141 :: (MESH:D016720,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19141 jirovecii (PJ), a pathogenic fungus, causes severe @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ) among immunocompromised @entity1 . A laboratory-developed real-time polyermase chain reaction (PCR) assay was validated for PJ detection to improve diagnosis of @entity10592 . METHODS: Forty stored bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (20 known PJ positive [PJ+] and 20 known PJ negative [PJ-]) were initially tested using the molecular assay. Ninety-two sequentially collected BAL samples were then analyzed using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and secondarily tested using the PJ real-time PCR assay. Discrepant results were resolved by retesting BAL samples using another real-time PCR assay with a different target. PJ real-time PCR assay performance was compared with the existing gold standard (ie, IFA) and a modified gold standard, in which a true positive was defined as a sample that tested positive in two of three methods in a @entity1 suspected to have @entity10592 . RESULTS: Ninety of 132 (68%) BAL fluid samples were collected from immunocompromised @entity1 . Thirteen of 92 (14%) BALs collected were PJ+ when tested using IFA. A total of 40 BAL samples were PJ+ in the present study including: all IFA positive samples (n=13); all referred PJ+ BAL samples (n=20); and seven additional BAL samples that were IFA negative, but positive using the modified gold standard. Compared with IFA, the PJ real-time PCR had sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 91%, 65% and 100%, respectively. Compared with the modified gold standard, PJ real-time PCR had a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%. CONCLUSION: PJ real-time PCR improved detection of PJ in immunocompromised @entity1 .

title: Development and validation of a @entity19141 jirovecii real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity10592 :: (MESH:D011020,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological profile of @entity29 @entity1 is not well studied in Iran. We investigated the psychological status of Iranian @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and its relationship with disease activity and quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult @entity31 @entity1 . The Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index, Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, and WHOQOL-BREF, were completed by the @entity1 . RESULTS: From 120 studied @entity1 , 35 (29.2%), 48 (40.0%), and 46 (38.3%) had significant @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 , respectively. @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 were strongly correlated with disease activity (r = 0.357 to 0.439, P < 0.01). Disease activity was negatively correlated with all QOL dimensions (r = -0.245 to -0.550, P < 0.01). @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 were also negatively correlated with all QOL domains (r = -0.356 to -0.789, P < 0.01). In the regression models, @entity148 was independently associated with active disease (b = 4.150, P = 0.049). Furthermore, disease activity was associated with the physical health (b = -0.371, P < 0.001). For almost all of the QOL domains, @entity308 and @entity458 were independent predictors (b = -0.296 to -0.453, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 are highly frequent in @entity31 @entity1 of our society and are strongly associated with disease activity. @entity308 and @entity458 are important predictors of poor QOL in these @entity1 . Further prospective studies, as well as clinical trials, are warranted in this regard.

title: Psychological status in Iranian @entity1 with XXXX and its relation to disease activity and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological profile of @entity29 @entity1 is not well studied in Iran. We investigated the psychological status of Iranian @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and its relationship with disease activity and quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult @entity31 @entity1 . The Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index, Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, and WHOQOL-BREF, were completed by the @entity1 . RESULTS: From 120 studied @entity1 , 35 (29.2%), 48 (40.0%), and 46 (38.3%) had significant @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 , respectively. @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 were strongly correlated with disease activity (r = 0.357 to 0.439, P < 0.01). Disease activity was negatively correlated with all QOL dimensions (r = -0.245 to -0.550, P < 0.01). @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 were also negatively correlated with all QOL domains (r = -0.356 to -0.789, P < 0.01). In the regression models, @entity148 was independently associated with active disease (b = 4.150, P = 0.049). Furthermore, disease activity was associated with the physical health (b = -0.371, P < 0.001). For almost all of the QOL domains, @entity308 and @entity458 were independent predictors (b = -0.296 to -0.453, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity458 are highly frequent in @entity31 @entity1 of our society and are strongly associated with disease activity. @entity308 and @entity458 are important predictors of poor QOL in these @entity1 . Further prospective studies, as well as clinical trials, are warranted in this regard.

title: Psychological status in Iranian XXXX with @entity31 and its relation to disease activity and quality of life.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this prospective randomized controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of obturator nerve block (ONB) on adductor muscle @entity2473 and related short-term outcomes and complications in @entity1 who underwent transurethral resection of lateral wall-located @entity150 (TURBT). METHODS: Between July 2014 and February 2015, 70 @entity1 scheduled to undergo TUR of lateral bladder wall @entity5 were enrolled in the study. All @entity1 were preoperatively evaluated by cystoscopy and imaging tools and selected according to localized @entity5 on the lateral bladder wall. @entity1 were randomly allocated to Group SA (35 @entity1 who underwent only spinal anesthesia) and Group ONB (35 @entity1 who underwent spinal anesthesia combined with ONB by the nerve stimulator). An independent observer, blinded to the approach, evaluated the obturator signs, including adductor muscle contraction, @entity1494 , and completeness of the resection during the TURBT procedure. RESULTS: The differences between groups regarding mean operation time, @entity5 size, and number were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Adductor muscle contraction was detected in 40% of @entity1 in Group SA and 11.4% in Group ONB. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.021). @entity1494 was detected in 2 @entity1 in Group SA, whereas no perforation was observed in Group ONB. There was no case of severe @entity548 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found that ONB performed after spinal anesthesia was effective in preventing @entity3816 due to adductor muscle @entity2473 while performing TURBT. Our study limitations include its small sample size, since we only enrolled @entity1 with primary lateral wall-localized @entity150 . Also, we excluded @entity1 who underwent @entity162 .

title: Impact of nerve stimulator-guided obturator nerve block on the short-term outcomes and complications of transurethral resection of XXXX : A prospective randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar TURBT']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation', 'Complete bladder perforation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity2993 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity2993 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity1 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity2993 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity11429 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity11429 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity11429 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1007 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity2993 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity1 with high @entity11429 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity2993 for treatment of XXXX in @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesterolemia', 'hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity2993 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity2993 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity1 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity2993 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity11429 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity11429 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity11429 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1007 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity2993 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity1 with high @entity11429 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity2993 for treatment of @entity1007 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity2993 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity2993 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity1 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity2993 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity11429 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity11429 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity11429 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1007 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity2993 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity1 with high @entity11429 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of XXXX for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity2993 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity2993 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity1 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity2993 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity11429 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity11429 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity11429 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1007 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity2993 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity1 with high @entity11429 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity2993 for treatment of @entity1007 in @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 on dialysis maintain extremely low levels of physical activity. Prior studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between nutrition and physical activity but provide conflicting data on the link between @entity32 and physical activity. Using a cohort of @entity1 new to dialysis from the @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ), we examined associations of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity32 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Between June 2005 and June 2007, @entity1650 collected data on self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and health-related quality of life from @entity1 starting dialysis in 296 facilities located throughout the United States. Baseline serum samples were collected from @entity1 in a nutrition sub-study of @entity1650 . MEASURES: Serum albumin and prealbumin were measured as markers of nutrition, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and a-1-acid glycoprotein as markers of @entity32 . Self-reported physical activity was characterized by the maximum activity score (MAS) and @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) of the @entity1 Activity Profile. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 in the analytic cohort (n = 201) was 61 years. The MAS and @entity2166 were below the 10th and first percentile, respectively, in comparison with healthy 60 year-old norms. Both activity scores were directly correlated with albumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001) and prealbumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001), and inversely correlated with @entity1851 ( @entity2166 : r(2) = -0.2, P = .01; MAS: r(2) = -0.1, P = .08). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, @entity6 status, and center, both activity scores were directly correlated with prealbumin and inversely correlated with @entity1851 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 new to dialysis with laboratory-based evidence of @entity3147 and/or @entity32 are likely to report lower levels of physical activity.

title: Association of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity32 : the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'Comprehensive Dialysis Study']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['AAS', 'adjusted activity score']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1650 :: (MESH:D001308,Disease) :: ['Comprehensive Dialysis Study']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 on dialysis maintain extremely low levels of physical activity. Prior studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between nutrition and physical activity but provide conflicting data on the link between @entity32 and physical activity. Using a cohort of @entity1 new to dialysis from the @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ), we examined associations of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity32 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Between June 2005 and June 2007, @entity1650 collected data on self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and health-related quality of life from @entity1 starting dialysis in 296 facilities located throughout the United States. Baseline serum samples were collected from @entity1 in a nutrition sub-study of @entity1650 . MEASURES: Serum albumin and prealbumin were measured as markers of nutrition, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and a-1-acid glycoprotein as markers of @entity32 . Self-reported physical activity was characterized by the maximum activity score (MAS) and @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) of the @entity1 Activity Profile. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 in the analytic cohort (n = 201) was 61 years. The MAS and @entity2166 were below the 10th and first percentile, respectively, in comparison with healthy 60 year-old norms. Both activity scores were directly correlated with albumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001) and prealbumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001), and inversely correlated with @entity1851 ( @entity2166 : r(2) = -0.2, P = .01; MAS: r(2) = -0.1, P = .08). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, @entity6 status, and center, both activity scores were directly correlated with prealbumin and inversely correlated with @entity1851 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 new to dialysis with laboratory-based evidence of @entity3147 and/or @entity32 are likely to report lower levels of physical activity.

title: Association of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and XXXX : the @entity1650 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity2679 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity1 . @entity1085 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity2679 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were similar in males and females. @entity1085 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity1 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity1 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: XXXX morphometric measurements in geriatric @entity1 with symptomatic chronic @entity2679 .

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['Increased gallbladder', 'Histopathological gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['Histopathological gallbladder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity2679 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity1 . @entity1085 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity2679 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were similar in males and females. @entity1085 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity1 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity1 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: @entity1085 morphometric measurements in geriatric @entity1 with symptomatic chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity2679 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity1 . @entity1085 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity2679 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were similar in males and females. @entity1085 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity1 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity32 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity1 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: @entity1085 morphometric measurements in geriatric XXXX with symptomatic chronic @entity2679 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the magnitude and direction of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) rates of change in @entity726 @entity1 after intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with trabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, longitudinal cohort study. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity1538 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent trabeculectomy (Trab) with @entity1138 (74 eyes of 64 @entity1 ) with  >= 4  reliable @entity227 measurements before and after trabeculectomy and at least 4 years of follow-up before and after surgery were included. Decay or improvement exponential models were used to calculate pointwise rates of perimetric change before and after surgery. A separate comparison (Comp) group with unoperated @entity726 (71 eyes of 65 @entity1 ) with similar baseline damage, number of @entity227 tests, and follow-up was used to address possible regression to the mean. Proportions of @entity227 locations decaying or improving before and after surgery in the Trab group, and during the first and second halves of follow-up in the Comp group, were calculated. A  multivariate analysis was used to explore variables associated with @entity227 improvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of pointwise @entity227 change before and after surgery in the Trab group and Comp group. RESULTS: @entity1 in the Trab group were followed for 5.1  2.1 years (mean    standard deviation) before and 5.4  2.3 years after surgery, with 8.9  4.7 @entity227 tests before and 9.0  4.4 @entity227 tests after surgery. The mean rate of change for all @entity227 locations slowed from  -2.5  9.3%/year before surgery to  -0.10  13.1%/year after surgery (P  <  0.001). In the Trab group, 70% of locations decayed and 30% improved preoperatively; postoperatively, 56% decayed and 44% improved. The differences between the Trab and Comp groups were significant (P  <  0.0001, chi-square test). The magnitude of IOP reduction correlated with the excess number of @entity227 locations that exhibited long-term improvement postoperatively (P  = 0.009). In the Trab group, 57% of eyes had >= 10 improving @entity227 locations postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that trabeculectomy slows the rate of perimetric decay and provides evidence of sustained, long-term improvement of visual function in @entity726 . These findings suggest the possibility of reversal of @entity409 of @entity989 and their central projections.

title: Trabeculectomy Can Improve Long-Term Visual Function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cells']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate and indicate the procedure to be followed in the health unit, both for diagnosis and the treatment of acute exogenous intoxications by @entity9159 or @entity2958 . METHODS: a descriptive study based on retrospective analysis of the clinical history of @entity1 diagnosed with intoxication by @entity9159 or @entity2958 admitted at the emergency unit of the Hospital de Urg  ncias de Sergipe Governador Jo  o Alves (HUSE) between January and December of 2012. Some criteria were evaluated, such as: intoxicating agent; @entity1 's age and gender; place of event, cause, circumstances and severity of the intoxication; as well as signs and symptoms of the muscarinic, nicotinic and neurological effects. RESULTS: seventy @entity1 (average age: 25  19.97) formed the study's population. It was observed that 77.14% of them suffered @entity2961 intoxication. However, @entity5139 intoxications were more severe, with 68.75% of @entity1 presenting moderate to severe forms. Suicide attempt was the leading cause of @entity4968 , with 62 cases (88.57% of total). @entity3897 administration was an effective therapeutic approach for treating signs and symptoms, which included @entity4164 (p=0.0006), @entity390 (p=0. 0029) and emesis (p lt0.0001). The use of activated charcoal was shown effective, both in combating the signs and symptoms presented by both @entity1 groups (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the use of @entity3897 and activated @entity36592 is highly effective to treat the signs and symptoms developed by @entity1 presenting acute exogenous intoxication by @entity9159 or @entity2958 .

title: Management of exogenous intoxication by XXXX and @entity2958 at an emergency unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2958 :: ('MESH:D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphates']

entities_list: @entity9159 :: ('MESH:D002219', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamates']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['sialorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphate']

answer: @entity9159 :: (MESH:D002219,Chemical) :: ['carbamates']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate and indicate the procedure to be followed in the health unit, both for diagnosis and the treatment of acute exogenous intoxications by @entity9159 or @entity2958 . METHODS: a descriptive study based on retrospective analysis of the clinical history of @entity1 diagnosed with intoxication by @entity9159 or @entity2958 admitted at the emergency unit of the Hospital de Urg  ncias de Sergipe Governador Jo  o Alves (HUSE) between January and December of 2012. Some criteria were evaluated, such as: intoxicating agent; @entity1 's age and gender; place of event, cause, circumstances and severity of the intoxication; as well as signs and symptoms of the muscarinic, nicotinic and neurological effects. RESULTS: seventy @entity1 (average age: 25  19.97) formed the study's population. It was observed that 77.14% of them suffered @entity2961 intoxication. However, @entity5139 intoxications were more severe, with 68.75% of @entity1 presenting moderate to severe forms. Suicide attempt was the leading cause of @entity4968 , with 62 cases (88.57% of total). @entity3897 administration was an effective therapeutic approach for treating signs and symptoms, which included @entity4164 (p=0.0006), @entity390 (p=0. 0029) and emesis (p lt0.0001). The use of activated charcoal was shown effective, both in combating the signs and symptoms presented by both @entity1 groups (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the use of @entity3897 and activated @entity36592 is highly effective to treat the signs and symptoms developed by @entity1 presenting acute exogenous intoxication by @entity9159 or @entity2958 .

title: Management of exogenous intoxication by @entity9159 and XXXX at an emergency unit.

answer: @entity2958 :: (MESH:D010755,Chemical) :: ['organophosphates']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical techniques for the management of @entity24070 include cheilectomy, Keller resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, Silastic implantation, phalangeal or metatarsal osteotomy, capsular arthroplasty, partial or total joint replacement, interposition arthroplasty. However, the optimal management is controversial. SOURCES OF DATA: We performed a comprehensive search of CINAHL, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, from inception of the database to 2 November 2010. Sixty-nine articles published in peer reviewed journals were included in this comprehensive review. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Cheilectomy and first metatarsal or phalangeal corrective osteotomy may provide better outcome for @entity1 with early and intermediate @entity24070 (Stages I-II), while arthrodesis or arthroplasty are indicated to manage more severe conditions. The Coleman Methodology Score showed great heterogeneity in terms of study design, @entity1 characteristics, management methods and outcome assessment and generally low methodological quality. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of @entity1 with @entity24070 are not possible. Given the limitations of the published literature, especially the extensive clinical heterogeneity, it is not possible to compare outcomes of @entity1 undergoing different surgical procedures and determine clear guidelines. GROWING POINTS: To assess whether benefits from surgery, validated and standardized measures should be used to compare the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing standard surgical procedures. RESEARCH: There is a need to perform appropriately powered randomized clinical trials of using standard diagnostic assessment, common and validated scoring system comparing reported outcomes and duration of follow-up >2 years.

title: Quantitative review of operative management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

answer: @entity24070 :: (MESH:D020859,Disease) :: ['hallux rigidus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity3147 has not been well studied in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is an important determinant of survival following surgery for @entity1358 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 369 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for locoregional @entity1358 from 2003 to 2008. @entity3147 was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2), albumin <3.5 g/dl, or preoperative @entity353 >=  5% of body weight. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were overall and disease-specific mortality. Covariates included age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), @entity417 , @entity5 stage, Fuhrman grade, and lymph node status. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty-five @entity1 (23%) were categorized as @entity3147 . Three-year overall and disease-specific survival were 58.5% and 80.4% in the @entity3147 cohort compared with 85.4% and 94.7% in controls, respectively (p<0.001). @entity3147 remained a significant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-4.18) and disease-specific mortality (HR: 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) after correcting for age, CCI, @entity417 , stage, grade, and nodal status. This study is limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3147 is associated with higher mortality in @entity1 undergoing surgery for locoregional @entity1358 , independent of key clinical and pathologic factors. Given this mortality risk, it may be important to address nutritional status preoperatively and counsel @entity1 appropriately.

title: Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in @entity1 undergoing surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative anemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiency']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity3147 has not been well studied in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is an important determinant of survival following surgery for @entity1358 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A total of 369 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgery for locoregional @entity1358 from 2003 to 2008. @entity3147 was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2), albumin <3.5 g/dl, or preoperative @entity353 >=  5% of body weight. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were overall and disease-specific mortality. Covariates included age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), @entity417 , @entity5 stage, Fuhrman grade, and lymph node status. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty-five @entity1 (23%) were categorized as @entity3147 . Three-year overall and disease-specific survival were 58.5% and 80.4% in the @entity3147 cohort compared with 85.4% and 94.7% in controls, respectively (p<0.001). @entity3147 remained a significant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-4.18) and disease-specific mortality (HR: 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) after correcting for age, CCI, @entity417 , stage, grade, and nodal status. This study is limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3147 is associated with higher mortality in @entity1 undergoing surgery for locoregional @entity1358 , independent of key clinical and pathologic factors. Given this mortality risk, it may be important to address nutritional status preoperatively and counsel @entity1 appropriately.

title: Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in XXXX undergoing surgery for @entity1358 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Hedgehog proteins exert critical roles in embryogenesis and require heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) for action. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is produced by prehypertrophic chondrocytes in developing long bones and regulates chondrocyte proliferation and other events, but it is not known whether it requires HS-PGs for function. Because the HS-PG @entity72309 is preferentially expressed by proliferating chondrocytes, we tested whether it mediates Ihh action. Primary @entity1573 chondrocyte cultures were treated with recombinant Ihh (rIhh-N) in absence or presence of heparinase I or @entity72309 neutralizing antibodies. While rIhh-N stimulated proliferation in control cultures, it failed to do so in heparinase- or antibody-treated cultures. In reciprocal gain-of-function studies, chondrocytes were made to overexpress @entity72309 by an RCAS viral vector. Cells became more responsive to rIhh-N, but even this response was counteracted by heparinase or antibody treatment. To complement the in vitro data, RCAS viral particles were microinjected in day 4-5 @entity1573 wing buds and effects of @entity72309 misexpression were monitored over time. @entity72309 misexpression led to widespread chondrocyte proliferation and, interestingly, broader expression and distribution of Ihh. In addition, the @entity72309 misexpressing skeletal elements were short, remained @entity705 , lacked osteogenesis, and exhibited a markedly reduced expression of collagen X and osteopontin, products characteristic of @entity1184 chondrocytes and bone cells. The data are the first to indicate that Ihh action in chondrocyte proliferation involves @entity72309 and to identify a specific member of the syndecan family as mediator of hedgehog function.

title: Indian hedgehog and syndecans-3 coregulate chondrocyte proliferation and function during XXXX limb skeletogenesis.

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of the practice setting on diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled @entity842 (FENO) for diagnosing @entity565 ; and to develop prediction rules for diagnostic decision-making including clinical signs and symptoms (CSS). SETTING: @entity1 from 10 general practices and 1 private practice of 5 pneumologists in ambulatory care. @entity1 : 553 @entity1 , 57.9% female. Consecutive inclusion of diagnostic-naive @entity1 suspected of suffering from @entity1224 . Exclusion criteria were @entity1729 within the last 6   weeks. INTERVENTIONS: The index test was FENO measurement. Reference standard was the Tiffeneau ratio (forced expiratory volume in 1   s/vital capacity) or airway resistance as assessed by whole body plethysmography, with additional bronchoprovocation or bronchodilator testing. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Asthma as determined by pneumologists, who were blind to FENO measurement results. Prediction rules were derived from multiple logistic regression analysis. A freely available calculator that allows computing all combinations was developed. RESULTS: The practice setting only had minor influence on sensitivities of FENO cut-off points. In the final model (n=472), @entity2023 , wheezing and previous medication were positively associated with @entity565 . Increasing age and recurrent @entity1729 were negatively associated. The area under the curve (AUC) of FENO (AUC=0.650; 95% CI 0.599 to 0.701) increased significantly (p<0.0001) when combined with CSS (AUC=0.753; 95% CI 0.707 to 0.798). Presence of wheezing and @entity2023 allowed ruling in @entity565 with FENO >30   ppb. Ruling out with FENO <16   ppb in @entity1 <43   years was only possible without @entity56 when recurrent @entity1729 were present. CONCLUSIONS: FENO results should be interpreted in the context of CSS to enhance their diagnostic value in primary care. The final diagnostic model appears as a sound algorithm fitting well to the established diagnostic rules related to CSS of @entity565 . FENO appears more effective for ruling in @entity565 than for ruling it out.

title: Influence of the practice setting on diagnostic prediction rules using FENO measurement in combination with clinical signs and symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive airway disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of non-surgical applications of diode laser (940 nm) on the cell proliferation and mRNA expressions of type I collagen and growth factors in @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (GF). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from @entity1 gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Cells were treated with different laser parameters as follows; (1) Infected pocket setting (power: 2 W, pulse interval: 1 ms, pulse length: 1 ms, 20 s/cm(2)); (2) Perio-pocket setting (power: 1.5 W, pulse interval: 20 ms, pulse length: 20 ms, 20 s/cm(2)); and (3) Biostimulation setting (power: 0.3 W in continuous wave, 20 s/cm(2)). Proliferation of GF was evaluated after different laser applications using a real-time cell analyzer. Total RNA was isolated on day 2 and cDNA synthesis was performed. Type I collagen, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) mRNA expressions were determined with quantitative RT-PCR. In a proliferation experiment, no significant differences were observed in the different laser applications when compared to the control group. Statistically significant increases in IGF, @entity7 , and @entity2533 mRNA expressions were noted in the laser groups when compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase in collagen type I mRNA expression was noted in only biostimulation set-up of diode laser (p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that non-surgical laser applications modulate behavior of gingival fibroblasts inducing growth factors mRNA expressions and these applications can be used to improve periodontal wound healing.

title: Effects of different setting of diode laser on the mRNA expression of growth factors and type I collagen of XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery may have a profound effect on @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (QOL). To be optimally useful, trials that seek to guide clinical decision making should measure outcomes that are important to @entity1 and report the results in a clinically meaningful way. We sought to explore how researchers currently measure and interpret QOL in surgical trials, using @entity356 as a case study. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of @entity356 surgery published between 1966 and 2009 that included at least one @entity1 -reported outcome (PRO). Investigators assessed trial eligibility and extracted data in duplicate using standardized forms, then resolved disagreements by consensus. RESULTS: Our search identified 87 RCTs of @entity356 surgery, of which 11 (13%) included at least one PRO. Ten RCTs measured one or more validated PROs, although six also included ad hoc measures. All manuscripts presented the results as raw scores and nine of the 11 trials identified a statistical difference between groups. All 11 manuscripts prominently reported the PRO results in the abstracts and conclusions, but only one discussed the clinical significance of the differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most RCTs of @entity356 surgery do not include measures of QOL and those that do suffer from important limitations. RCTs would be more useful to surgeons and @entity1 if authors measured PROs and utilized existing approaches to present the results of PROs in ways that provide an intuitive sense of the magnitude of effects.

title: Measurement and interpretation of XXXX -reported outcomes in surgery: an opportunity for improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of a new automated refractor (HRK-8000A) using the Hartmann-Shack sensor in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery or intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation. SETTING: Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized clinical study. METHODS: @entity2516 were evaluated after more than 1 month postoperatively. Subjective @entity2516 were obtained by the same practitioner. @entity2516 were obtained with the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor and a conventional refractor (KR  8800). RESULTS: There were 121 eyes (121 @entity1 ) with previous corneal refractive surgery and 122 eyes (122 @entity1 ) with previous @entity231 surgery. The results of @entity2516 measured by the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor were more similar to subjective refraction than those measured by the conventional refractor in both groups. In both groups, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) for the subjective refraction showed better agreement with the automated refraction measured by  the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor (limits of agreement [LoA], -0.66 to +0.65 diopters [D] and -0.47 to +0.41 D, respectively) than the automated refraction measured by the conventional refractor (LoA, -1.66 to +0.58 D and -1.34 to +0.60 D, respectively). In both groups, the Jackson cross-cylinder at axis 0 degrees and 45 degrees from the automated refraction by the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor and conventional refractor showed similar agreement with the subjective refraction. CONCLUSION: The Hartmann-Shack sensor automated refractor gave reliable and valid objective refraction results in @entity1 who have had @entity231 or corneal refractive surgery. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Accuracy of an automated refractor using a  Hartmann-Shack sensor after corneal refractive surgery and XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive errors', 'refractive error measurements', 'Refractive error measurements', 'refractive error']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications of acute @entity397 treatment are considered to negatively influence outcome, but the relevance of these effects is largely unknown. PURPOSE: The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) was used to determine level of disability in @entity1 with minimally invasive surgical @entity397 repair with a complicated postoperative course. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The charts of 340 consecutive @entity1 treated for an acute @entity397 by minimally invasive surgical repair were reviewed. Complications were categorized as rerupture, severe @entity2737 , @entity128 , and other. Level of disability was evaluated by the 10-item ATRS with a sum score of minimum 0 to maximum 100 points. RESULTS: A total of 211 @entity1 returned a completed questionnaire: mean follow-up was 6.2 years (range, 3-10 years). Mean ATRS for all 211 @entity1 was 84 (95% confidence interval: 82, 87). The mean ATRS for the 135 (64%) uncomplicated cases was 89 of 100 points, 71 points for the 17 (8%) @entity1 with a rerupture (95% confidence interval: 63, 79; P < .0001), 79 points for the 41 @entity1 (19%) with a @entity128 (95% confidence interval: 74, 85; P = .0008), and 75 points for the 17 @entity1 (8%) with another complication (95% confidence interval: 67, 83; P = .001). Of these other complications, 13 @entity1 (6%) suffered a wound-healing complication considered minor. Their average ATRS score was 80 points (95% confidence interval: 71, 88.7; P = .0445). One @entity1 suffered a severe @entity2737 as well, scoring 28 of 100 points. Rerupture significantly increased the risk of quitting or changing sport participation on the long term. CONCLUSION: Long-term outcome after minimally invasive @entity397 repair is excellent. Rerupture and severe @entity2737 are the most important complications with lasting negative effect on outcome. It justifies the use of rerupture as a relevant outcome measure in treatment evaluation.

title: Effect of complications after minimally invasive surgical repair of acute achilles tendon XXXX : report on 211 cases.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['sural nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatic metastases from @entity674 ( @entity674 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed between February 2002 and November 2010 and identified 29 @entity1 with GISTs (18 male; age range, 35-77 y; median age, 61 y) who had undergone ultrasound-guided RF ablation for metastases detected in the liver. All @entity1 had been treated with @entity2213 . Indications for RF ablation were @entity5 progression during medical therapy or the development of drug resistance after @entity5 control. The average number of target lesions per procedure was 2.3 (range, 1-8), and mean lesion diameter was 1.3 cm (range, 0.4-3.6 cm). RESULTS: For 69 lesions among 86 hepatic metastases, RF ablation was successfully performed according to the protocol currently in use. In 17 hepatic metastases in 13 @entity1 , RF ablation was not performed because of poor lesion visibility or possible thermal damage to adjacent organs. Major complications included @entity548 at the ablation site in one @entity1 and peritoneal seeding near the ablation tract in another @entity1 . Technical effectiveness was achieved for 66 of 69 lesions (95.6%). The median follow-up period was 33.1 months (range, 12.3-108.6 mo). Four of 66 lesions (6%) showed local recurrence at 3.2-10.5 months. Four @entity1 died of disease progression. The median overall survival period was 90.2 months (range, 12.3-108.6 mo). CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for hepatic metastases of @entity674 when medical therapy fails.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatic Metastases from Gastrointestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stromal Tumor']


abstract: @entity7502 (PP) has become an indispensable material in our daily lives. Annual worldwide production of PP is now more than 30000000 tons and is predicted to grow at an annual rate of about 6% during the first decade of the 21st century. Commercial production of PP began in 1957 with the use of @entity72310 catalysts established by Ziegler and Natta. However, the low activities and low stereospecificities of the catalysts resulted in large amounts of catalyst residue and atactic PP in the product, necessitating steps for their removal in commercial production. As a means of finding appropriate catalysts, we developed @entity8723 -supported @entity51172 catalysts, which basic concept was introduction of organic compounds onto the inorganic crystal catalyst surface. This addition led to remarkable enhancements in stereospecificity with extremely high activity. Use of the new catalysts enlarged and simplified the PP production process by eliminating the steps previously required for removal of catalyst residue and atactic PP. In addition, it greatly improved the properties of the PP, enabling a much wider range of PP applications by replacing metal and engineering plastics with the highly stereoregular PP. Therefore, these catalysts helped the rapid establishment of the current PP industry and now play a major role in production. The latest @entity8723 -supported @entity51172 catalyst is providing precise control of the isotactic PP structure. Future expectations for this type of catalyst are to acquire a single-site nature and to contribute to the creation of a new class of hybrid materials.

title: Establishment of de facto standard catalysts in the XXXX industry.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['Polypropylene']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: AIM: To compare early versus delayed intravitreal @entity5935 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity282 after phacoemulsification. METHODS: @entity1 with presumed postcataract surgery @entity3225 were included in this prospective, randomised, multicentre study. On admission, @entity1 received intravitreal @entity2176 and @entity5505 , and were randomly assigned to intravitreal @entity5935 injection (early-IVB) group or no immediate injection (delayed-IVB) group. After 48   h, a second intravitreal antibiotic injection associated with intravitreal @entity5935 was given to all @entity1 . In @entity1 with severe @entity3225 or clinical deterioration, a prompt or delayed vitrectomy was performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 achieving a visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better at 12   months. The secondary outcomes were the rate of delayed @entity532 ( @entity1713 and @entity1907 ). RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes of 97 @entity1 were included, 45 in the early-IVB group and 52 in the delayed-IVB group. Overall, 62.9% of @entity1 achieved a VA >= 20/40 at 1   year. There was no statistically significant difference in the visual outcome between the two groups at 1   year, whatever their baseline VA or light perception or hand motion or more (p=0.55 and p=0.10, respectively). The rates of delayed vitrectomy, @entity1713 and @entity1907 bulbi were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.42, p=0.37 and p=0.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early intravitreal @entity5935 had no clear advantage versus delayed injection in the management of presumed @entity86 .

title: Early versus delayed intravitreal XXXX as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity86 : a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['vitrectomy and the rate of complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: AIM: To compare early versus delayed intravitreal @entity5935 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity282 after phacoemulsification. METHODS: @entity1 with presumed postcataract surgery @entity3225 were included in this prospective, randomised, multicentre study. On admission, @entity1 received intravitreal @entity2176 and @entity5505 , and were randomly assigned to intravitreal @entity5935 injection (early-IVB) group or no immediate injection (delayed-IVB) group. After 48   h, a second intravitreal antibiotic injection associated with intravitreal @entity5935 was given to all @entity1 . In @entity1 with severe @entity3225 or clinical deterioration, a prompt or delayed vitrectomy was performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 achieving a visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better at 12   months. The secondary outcomes were the rate of delayed @entity532 ( @entity1713 and @entity1907 ). RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes of 97 @entity1 were included, 45 in the early-IVB group and 52 in the delayed-IVB group. Overall, 62.9% of @entity1 achieved a VA >= 20/40 at 1   year. There was no statistically significant difference in the visual outcome between the two groups at 1   year, whatever their baseline VA or light perception or hand motion or more (p=0.55 and p=0.10, respectively). The rates of delayed vitrectomy, @entity1713 and @entity1907 bulbi were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.42, p=0.37 and p=0.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early intravitreal @entity5935 had no clear advantage versus delayed injection in the management of presumed @entity86 .

title: Early versus delayed intravitreal @entity5935 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed XXXX : a randomised trial.

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) using 3 robotic arms with those of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with stage @entity9217 -IIB cervical @entity189 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics underwent RRH between June 2006 and February 2009. @entity1 outcomes were compared with those of a historic cohort of 32 @entity1 who underwent @entity1661 , who were matched for age, stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and type of radical surgery. RESULTS: All RRHs were completed robotically with no conversions to laparotomy. Robotic radical hysterectomy showed favorable outcomes over @entity1661 in terms of the mean length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 16.9 days, P < 0.001) and the mean estimated @entity190 (220 vs 531 mL, P = 0.002). The mean operating time and the number of lymph node retrievals were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity260 between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months, and 2 @entity1 in the RRH group had recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms is feasible and preferable over @entity1661 for the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . Prospective randomized trials should be completed to confirm the potential benefits associated with RRH.

title: A case-control study of robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms compared with XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['ARH', 'abdominal radical hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal radical hysterectomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) using 3 robotic arms with those of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with stage @entity9217 -IIB cervical @entity189 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics underwent RRH between June 2006 and February 2009. @entity1 outcomes were compared with those of a historic cohort of 32 @entity1 who underwent @entity1661 , who were matched for age, stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and type of radical surgery. RESULTS: All RRHs were completed robotically with no conversions to laparotomy. Robotic radical hysterectomy showed favorable outcomes over @entity1661 in terms of the mean length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 16.9 days, P < 0.001) and the mean estimated @entity190 (220 vs 531 mL, P = 0.002). The mean operating time and the number of lymph node retrievals were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity260 between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months, and 2 @entity1 in the RRH group had recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms is feasible and preferable over @entity1661 for the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . Prospective randomized trials should be completed to confirm the potential benefits associated with RRH.

title: A case-control study of robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms compared with @entity1661 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity136 and XXXX followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in unresectable @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity1311 and XXXX in unresectable @entity5 .

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction XXXX and @entity3003 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in unresectable @entity5 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in unresectable XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly XXXX and @entity3003 in unresectable @entity5 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine Reactive @entity26 Species (ROS) production in neat semen and spermatozoa suspension using chemiluminescence and to examine correlation between both methods. SUBJECT: Prospective laboratory study. SETTING: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, University Hospital, Olomouc. METHODS: The study included fertile volunteers (FV, n = 17), @entity1 from infertile couples (NM, n = 19) and @entity1 with idiopathic @entity249 (NMI, n = 15). ROS levels were determined by the same method in neat and washed semen samples. RESULTS: The ROS production in neat semen was lower than that in spermatozoa suspension. There was no significant diference in ROS production between volunteers and males from infertile couples. There was a significant correlation between log ROS in neat semen and in spermatozoa suspension in studied groups (FV r = 0.85, p = 1.5 x 10(-5); NM r = 0.76, p < 2 x 10(-4); NMI r = 0.75, p < 1.5 x 10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of ROS in neat semen is simpler, faster and better reflecting the actual level of oxidative stress than the same measurement in spermatozoa suspension. The implementation of this method can complement the algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of @entity4810 and be helpful in selection of patients for antioxidant or antibiotic treatment.

title: [Comparison of reactive XXXX species production in neat semen and washed spermatozoa].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Numerous organizations use performance measures to monitor the quality of care provided for a variety of clinical conditions. An appraisal of the evidence underlying such performance measures has never been reported. Our objective was to estimate the effects of interventions recommended by performance measures and to determine the quality of evidence from which those estimates derive, using the Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' performance measures for @entity497 ( @entity497 ) as examples. We performed systematic reviews of the literature to identify evidence related to the performance measures for @entity497 . Metaanalyses were then performed to estimate the absolute and relative effects of the interventions recommended by the performance measures. The Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the quality of evidence. The estimated effects favored the interventions recommended by five of the six performance measures. These included pneumococcal vaccination (incidence of @entity2258 : relative risk [RR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.75), blood cultures, antibiotic administration within 6 hours, use of a guideline-compliant antibiotic regimen, and @entity683 vaccination (incidence of symptomatic @entity683 : RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.40). However, among these performance measures, only @entity683 vaccination was supported by high-quality evidence. One-step smoking cessation counseling was contradicted by moderate-quality evidence (smoking quit rate: RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90-1.22). The evidence supporting performance measures is frequently not of high quality and occasionally contradictory.

title: An appraisal of the evidence underlying performance measures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: In @entity791 , although there is a lack of humoral responsiveness in vitro and in vivo, many @entity1 persistently have an increased number of B cells which continue to produce increased amounts of immunoglobulin. An objective, reproducible morphologic classification scheme for B cells was devised. Comparison of cell kinetic parameters in various disease states will require such a classification. Although not immunologically responsive to new stimuli, the marrow B cells in the @entity791 @entity1 were shown to be replicating and turning over. The latter may be due to either @entity204 in situ or to migration. Plasmacytic lymphocytes and lymphocytic plasma cells, morphologic transitions between lymphocytes and mature plasma cells, had the largest fractions in DNA synthesis. Because of their relative cell numbers, the lymphocytic plasma cells contained most of the cells in DNA synthesis. The position of plasmablasts in the sequential compartments is unclear. Only small numbers are dividing. Within a given morphologic category, large cells were more likely to be in DNA synthesis than smaller cells. These studies can serve as a basis for comparison with marrow B-cell proliferation in other disease states.

title: Cell replication in an immunologically(?) Stimulated cell population in XXXX bone marrow.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study introduces a newly designed transcatheter aortic valve system, the J-Valve system, and evaluates its application in @entity1 with predominant @entity337 without significant valve @entity730 . We also report the early results of one of the first series of transapical implantations of this device and aim to offer guidance on the technical aspects of the procedure. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been widely used in high-risk @entity1 for surgical aortic valve replacement. However, the majority of the TAVR devices were designed for @entity472 with significant valve @entity730 . METHODS: Six @entity1 with native @entity337 without significant valve @entity730 (age, 61 to 83 years; mean age, 75.50    8.14 years) underwent transapical implantation of the J-Valve prosthesis (JieCheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China), a self-expandable porcine valve, in the aortic position at our institution. All @entity1 were considered to be prohibitive or high risk for surgical valve replacement (logistic EuroSCORE [European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation], 22.15% to 44.44%; mean, 29.32    7.70%) after evaluation by an interdisciplinary heart team. Procedural and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Implantations were successful in all @entity1 . During the follow-up period (from 31 days to 186 days, mean follow-up was 110.00    77.944 days), only 1 @entity1 had trivial prosthetic valve regurgitation, and none of these @entity1 had @entity2478 of more than mild grade. There were no major post-operative complications or mortality during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of transapical implantation of the J-Valve system in high-risk @entity1 with predominant @entity337 .

title: A New Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement System for Predominant XXXX Implantation of  the  J-Valve and Early Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the use of the Direct Flow Medical (DFM) transcatheter heart valve (Direct Flow Medical, Santa Rosa, California) for the treatment of noncalcific pure @entity337 ( @entity337 ). BACKGROUND: The treatment of noncalcific @entity337 has remained a relative contraindication with transcatheter heart valves due to challenges in anchoring devices in the absence of @entity460 , concerns of valve embolization, and the high risk of significant residual @entity2478 . METHODS: The study population consisted of @entity1 treated for severe noncalcific pure @entity337 with transfemoral implantation of a DFM transcatheter heart valve at 6 European centers. The primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of device success and the secondary endpoint was the composite early safety endpoint (according to the VARC-2 criteria). RESULTS: Eleven high-risk (STS score 8.84    8.9, Logistic EuroSCORE 19.9    7.1) @entity1 (mean age 74.7    12.9 years) were included. Device success was achieved in all @entity1 . In 1 @entity1 , the initial valve prosthesis was retrieved after pull-through, and a second valve was successfully deployed. The early safety endpoint was reached in 91% of the @entity1 , with 1 @entity1 requiring surgical aortic valve replacement secondary to downward dislocation of the prosthesis that was successfully managed with surgical aortic valve replacement. DFM implantation resulted in excellent hemodynamics with none or trivial paravalvular regurgitation in 9 @entity1 and a transprosthetic gradient of 7.7    5.1 mm  Hg at  30-day follow up. All @entity1 derived symptomatic benefit following the procedure, with 72% in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the feasibility of treating severe noncalcific @entity337 with the Direct Flow prosthesis via the transfemoral route.

title: Transfemoral Implantation of a Fully  Repositionable and Retrievable  Transcatheter Valve for Noncalcified Pure  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Regurgitation']


abstract: The prevalence of overt @entity791 in @entity447 in the USA is about 3% treated @entity1 and about 2% in UK. Nevertheless up to 90% of @entity1 with @entity447 treated with commercial concentrates of factor VIII prepared from the blood of paid donors are seropositive to the @entity791 -associated virus LAV/HTLV III. Infection seems to have commenced in 1978 in USA and in 1980 in Europe. The accession rate to the symptomatic group is not known. Seropositivity is much lower in @entity1 treated with blood products derived from voluntarily donated blood but such @entity1 , even when seronegative, often show cellular @entity1200 . An additional immunosuppressive agent in factor VIII concentrates may be responsible for this and could predispose to @entity281 . @entity791 , @entity1200 and seropositivity are less common in @entity1 with @entity4777 even when treated with factor IX concentrate derived from paid donors. The reasons for this @entity154 are not known. The diagnosis, social, family and counselling problems of infected @entity1 are surveyed and the prospects for effective anti-viral or immunotherapy assessed. Treatment policies using heat-treated factor concentrates and the impact of donor screening are reviewed. It is concluded that the outlook for uninfected haemophiliacs with regard to @entity791 is now good.

title: XXXX and @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['LAV infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defects']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia B']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The prevalence of overt @entity791 in @entity447 in the USA is about 3% treated @entity1 and about 2% in UK. Nevertheless up to 90% of @entity1 with @entity447 treated with commercial concentrates of factor VIII prepared from the blood of paid donors are seropositive to the @entity791 -associated virus LAV/HTLV III. Infection seems to have commenced in 1978 in USA and in 1980 in Europe. The accession rate to the symptomatic group is not known. Seropositivity is much lower in @entity1 treated with blood products derived from voluntarily donated blood but such @entity1 , even when seronegative, often show cellular @entity1200 . An additional immunosuppressive agent in factor VIII concentrates may be responsible for this and could predispose to @entity281 . @entity791 , @entity1200 and seropositivity are less common in @entity1 with @entity4777 even when treated with factor IX concentrate derived from paid donors. The reasons for this @entity154 are not known. The diagnosis, social, family and counselling problems of infected @entity1 are surveyed and the prospects for effective anti-viral or immunotherapy assessed. Treatment policies using heat-treated factor concentrates and the impact of donor screening are reviewed. It is concluded that the outlook for uninfected haemophiliacs with regard to @entity791 is now good.

title: @entity791 and XXXX .

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a reduced duration (12hours) of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) administration for @entity3036 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, @entity1 with @entity3036 (prepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum) attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 140/90mm Hg after 20weeks, @entity644 (dipstick value>= +1), and @entity410 not attributed to other causes. @entity1 were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All @entity1 received a @entity2400 loading dose (4g, intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1g/hour) for 12hours (study group) and 24hours (control group). The primary outcome was recurrent @entity410 after completion of @entity2400 therapy. @entity1 with treatment failure were excluded from analyses. RESULTS: Analyses included 132 @entity1 in the study group and 72 @entity1 in the control group. No @entity410 recurred in either group after the completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity3036 , 12hours of @entity2399 could effectively prevent recurrent @entity410 .

title: Maternal outcomes after 12hours and 24hours of @entity2399 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']