abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 risk factors begin in childhood. Their presence may predict @entity65 in adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity65 risk factors in a group of nurses   @entity1 at a health facility in Bogot  , Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based observational study among 3-17 year-old individuals evaluated between June, 2011, and July, 2012. RESULTS: A total number of 118 @entity1 were included. The mean age was 7.4 years, with a standard deviation of 3.86; 72.0% of the @entity1 had a normal weight. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was distributed as follows: inadequate food habits, 89.0%; sedentary lifestyle, 78.8%; family history of @entity65 , 16.1%; overweight, 15.3%, and @entity28 , 12.7%. There were no significant differences in risk factors between @entity1 and @entity1 . Among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , sedentary lifestyle was present in 90.9%, and among normal-weight @entity1 , in 36.5% (p<0.001). Inadequate food habits were present in 84.8% of the overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , and in 42.4% of those with normal weight (p<0.001). Among the study population, 97.5% had at least one risk factor and 42.4% presented 3 or more. The presence of 3 or more @entity65 risk factors was higher in @entity28 @entity1 , when compared to overweight (p<0.001) and normal-weight @entity1 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that there was a substantial burden of @entity65 risk factors in the 3-17 year-old @entity1 included, particularly in those who were @entity28 or overweight.

title: [High prevalence of XXXX risk factors in a pediatric population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Captive African ( @entity16870 ) and Asian ( @entity7105 ) elephants can experience foot pathologies and @entity625 . As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated @entity7105 housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal) and glucorticoid (e.g., serum @entity701 ) responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants' behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum @entity701 concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position) were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest @entity7105 exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans) compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5    2.1% and 56.6    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans). There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one @entity7105 and standing rest for a second @entity7105 following renovations. Baseline @entity701 concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0    0.4 ng/ml, 4.5    0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9    0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants. @entity701 concentrations remained baseline for two of the elephants throughout and after the renovation period, while one @entity7105 that was pregnant had elevated @entity701 during construction. @entity701 concentrations for the pregnant @entity7105 remained higher than baseline once she was introduced to the new flooring and allowed back into the building, but these values were closer to the @entity701 concentrations before renovations than during construction. Our findings demonstrate that individual elephants can vary in their behavioral and physiological responses to exhibit modifications. Given that the elephants walked more during the day, two of the three elephants had an increase in rest behavior during the night, and there were minimal changes in @entity701 response after the flooring renovations, we conclude that the flooring renovations overall had a positive impact on animal welfare.

title: Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African XXXX ( @entity16870 ) Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity7105 :: ('9783', 'Species') :: ['elephant', 'Elephas maximus']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['Elephant']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Captive African ( @entity16870 ) and Asian ( @entity7105 ) elephants can experience foot pathologies and @entity625 . As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated @entity7105 housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal) and glucorticoid (e.g., serum @entity701 ) responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants' behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum @entity701 concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position) were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest @entity7105 exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans) compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5    2.1% and 56.6    2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans). There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one @entity7105 and standing rest for a second @entity7105 following renovations. Baseline @entity701 concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0    0.4 ng/ml, 4.5    0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9    0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants. @entity701 concentrations remained baseline for two of the elephants throughout and after the renovation period, while one @entity7105 that was pregnant had elevated @entity701 during construction. @entity701 concentrations for the pregnant @entity7105 remained higher than baseline once she was introduced to the new flooring and allowed back into the building, but these values were closer to the @entity701 concentrations before renovations than during construction. Our findings demonstrate that individual elephants can vary in their behavioral and physiological responses to exhibit modifications. Given that the elephants walked more during the day, two of the three elephants had an increase in rest behavior during the night, and there were minimal changes in @entity701 response after the flooring renovations, we conclude that the flooring renovations overall had a positive impact on animal welfare.

title: Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African @entity7105 ( XXXX ) Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response.

answer: @entity16870 :: (9785,Species) :: ['Loxodonta africana']


abstract: Physical activity appears to attenuate the decline of cognitive function typically observed in older @entity1 and @entity1 . The @entity3493 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is particularly affected by aging and allows for basic neurobiological assessment of cognitive function. Three aspects of the @entity3493 component (i.e. latency, amplitude, and area under the curve (AUC)), elicited by an oddball task, were derived to assess cognitive function in young and older @entity1 (N=73) who were further classified as high- and low-active. The low-active elderly @entity1 exhibited larger AUC values than those observed in all other groups which were undifferentiated. That is, the high-active elderly and the young @entity1 exhibited smaller AUC values than the low-active older group. In conclusion, higher levels of physical activity in the elderly may be associated with a reduction in the neural resources allocated in response to simple cognitive challenge. This interpretation is consistent with the concept of psychomotor efficiency proposed by Hatfield and Hillman [The psychophysiology of sport: a mechanistic understanding of the psychology of superior performance. In: Singer RN, @entity15773 , Janelle CM, editors. Handbook of sport psychology. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2001, p. 362-88].

title: Aging, physical activity, and cognitive processing: an examination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15773 :: ('MESH:C537629', 'Disease') :: ['Hausenbias HA']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['P300']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the compliance with and tolerability of daily cranberry capsule ingestion for asymptomatic @entity793 (ASB) prevention in pregnancy. DESIGN: A total of 49 pregnant @entity1 from two sites were randomly assigned to cranberry or matching placebo, two doses daily, at gestational ages less than 16 weeks. @entity1 were followed monthly for urinary tract infection until delivery. Up to seven monthly visits were scheduled for each @entity1 . Delivery data were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 38 evaluable @entity1 , the mean compliance rate over the study period was 82% (range, 20%-100%). This compliance rate and the 74% of @entity1 achieving good (>= 75%) compliance were similar between those who received cranberry capsules and placebo. Compliance evaluation revealed that most @entity1 stopped capsule consumption after 34-38 weeks of participation. Multivariate logistic regression and longitudinal analysis showed a significant interaction time effect with cranberry treatment. However, cranberry consumption was not a significant predictor of @entity344 or study withdrawal. Although 30% of @entity1 withdrew for various reasons, only 1 withdrew because of intolerance to the cranberry capsules. Loss to follow-up was mostly due to provider change (9 of 49 [18%]) and therapy disinterest (4 of 49 [8%]). Seven cases of ASB occurred in 5 @entity1 : 2 of 24 (8%) in the cranberry group and 3 of 25 (12%) in the placebo group. No cases of @entity2335 or @entity2885 were observed. CONCLUSION: One third of pregnant @entity1 could not complete the study protocol for various reasons. Compliance with and tolerability of cranberry capsule ingestion appear good; these capsules provide a potentially effective means to prevent ASB in pregnancy. Further studies with large samples are necessary to confirm the findings.

title: Pilot Study to Evaluate Compliance and Tolerability of Cranberry Capsules in Pregnancy for the Prevention of Asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal intolerance']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['Bacteriuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity523 plant ( @entity523 Mill.) is sensitive to cold, and low field temperatures can result in shortened growth periods and decreased crop yield. Transcription of CRT/DRE-binding factor (CBF) is regulated by @entity72438 ( @entity72438 ). CBF activates many downstream genes that confer cold tolerance on plants. @entity72438 has been used in genetic engineering to improve cold-resistance in several plant species. Here, @entity72438 in a plant expression vector was used to transform a tissue-cultured rhubarb @entity523 variety using @entity3261 . The transgenic and control plants were compared at 4  C for 0, 24, and 72 h. We measured leaf physiological indicators related to cold resistance, including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity1521 ( @entity36513 ) contents, and @entity58455 ( @entity58455 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. At 72 h, the @entity1865 content in transgenic plants was significantly lower than in control plants, indicating a lower membrane lipid injury. The @entity36513 contents and the CAT and @entity58455 activities in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with those of the control plants. For @entity36513 , the increase continued over the prolonged stress exposure, while CAT and @entity58455 activities reached peak levels at 24 h. These results are consistent with the roles of @entity36513 , CAT, and @entity58455 in defending the integrity of plant cells. Our study not only improves the cold resistance of @entity523 , but also provides the foundation for further research on the role of @entity72438 as a transcription factor in plant cold resistance.

title: Cloning and transformation of @entity72438 ( @entity72438 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Solanum lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity72438 :: ('101248492', 'Gene') :: ['INDUCER of CBF EXPRESSION1', 'ICE1']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity523 plant ( @entity523 Mill.) is sensitive to cold, and low field temperatures can result in shortened growth periods and decreased crop yield. Transcription of CRT/DRE-binding factor (CBF) is regulated by @entity72438 ( @entity72438 ). CBF activates many downstream genes that confer cold tolerance on plants. @entity72438 has been used in genetic engineering to improve cold-resistance in several plant species. Here, @entity72438 in a plant expression vector was used to transform a tissue-cultured rhubarb @entity523 variety using @entity3261 . The transgenic and control plants were compared at 4  C for 0, 24, and 72 h. We measured leaf physiological indicators related to cold resistance, including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity1521 ( @entity36513 ) contents, and @entity58455 ( @entity58455 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. At 72 h, the @entity1865 content in transgenic plants was significantly lower than in control plants, indicating a lower membrane lipid injury. The @entity36513 contents and the CAT and @entity58455 activities in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with those of the control plants. For @entity36513 , the increase continued over the prolonged stress exposure, while CAT and @entity58455 activities reached peak levels at 24 h. These results are consistent with the roles of @entity36513 , CAT, and @entity58455 in defending the integrity of plant cells. Our study not only improves the cold resistance of @entity523 , but also provides the foundation for further research on the role of @entity72438 as a transcription factor in plant cold resistance.

title: Cloning and transformation of XXXX ( @entity72438 ) in @entity523 .

answer: @entity72438 :: (101248492,Gene) :: ['INDUCER of CBF EXPRESSION1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity523 plant ( @entity523 Mill.) is sensitive to cold, and low field temperatures can result in shortened growth periods and decreased crop yield. Transcription of CRT/DRE-binding factor (CBF) is regulated by @entity72438 ( @entity72438 ). CBF activates many downstream genes that confer cold tolerance on plants. @entity72438 has been used in genetic engineering to improve cold-resistance in several plant species. Here, @entity72438 in a plant expression vector was used to transform a tissue-cultured rhubarb @entity523 variety using @entity3261 . The transgenic and control plants were compared at 4  C for 0, 24, and 72 h. We measured leaf physiological indicators related to cold resistance, including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity1521 ( @entity36513 ) contents, and @entity58455 ( @entity58455 ) and catalase (CAT) activities. At 72 h, the @entity1865 content in transgenic plants was significantly lower than in control plants, indicating a lower membrane lipid injury. The @entity36513 contents and the CAT and @entity58455 activities in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with those of the control plants. For @entity36513 , the increase continued over the prolonged stress exposure, while CAT and @entity58455 activities reached peak levels at 24 h. These results are consistent with the roles of @entity36513 , CAT, and @entity58455 in defending the integrity of plant cells. Our study not only improves the cold resistance of @entity523 , but also provides the foundation for further research on the role of @entity72438 as a transcription factor in plant cold resistance.

title: Cloning and transformation of @entity72438 ( XXXX ) in @entity523 .

answer: @entity72438 :: (101248492,Gene) :: ['ICE1']


abstract: @entity32 play a central role in the pathophysiology of @entity731 . Corticosteroids are the gold standard anti-inflammatory agent and may have a role in treating @entity583 . However, concern exists regarding the potential for impaired wound healing and wall thinning. The MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE databases were searched for articles from 1966 through May 2002. A total of 186 articles and 16 English-language publications were identified. A meta-analysis of mortality in controlled trials was performed. Sensitivity analyses and 2 tests for publication bias were used to test the robustness of the results. Sixteen studies involving 3,793 @entity1 were reviewed. Most studies were small (<100 @entity1 ) and revealed conflicting efficacy using surrogate outcome measures, such as @entity1188 size. No clear association with @entity296 was observed. Meta-analysis of 11 controlled trials (2,646 @entity1 ) revealed a 26% decrease in mortality with corticosteroids (odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59 to 0.94; p = 0.015). Sensitivity analyses limited to large studies and randomized controlled trials revealed odds ratios of 0.76 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.09) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.26), respectively. Two tests revealed no evidence for publication bias. Thus, the review of available clinical studies demonstrated no harm and a possible mortality benefit of corticosteroids in @entity583 .

title: Meta-analysis of corticosteroid treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial rupture']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex @entity4710 were obtained from @entity1 before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between @entity4710 mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect @entity4710 diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 @entity943 were accurately diagnosed in 76% of @entity1 ; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of @entity591 mechanism. Predictors of @entity16992 were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), @entity6391 intervals of > or =100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment @entity308 of > or =2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r' waves in lead V(1) and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during @entity591 predicted @entity2917 in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r'/S waves, @entity6391 duration, and ST-segment @entity308 during @entity591 . Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 @entity2917 ; 25 @entity16992 ) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the @entity4710 mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant @entity4710 .

title: Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical XXXX from @entity16992 mediated by concealed accessory pathway in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia', 'AVNRT']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity16992 :: ('MESH:D054139', 'Disease') :: ['AVRT', 'atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2917 :: (MESH:D013611,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia']


abstract: The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex @entity4710 were obtained from @entity1 before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between @entity4710 mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect @entity4710 diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 @entity943 were accurately diagnosed in 76% of @entity1 ; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of @entity591 mechanism. Predictors of @entity16992 were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), @entity6391 intervals of > or =100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment @entity308 of > or =2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r' waves in lead V(1) and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during @entity591 predicted @entity2917 in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r'/S waves, @entity6391 duration, and ST-segment @entity308 during @entity591 . Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 @entity2917 ; 25 @entity16992 ) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the @entity4710 mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant @entity4710 .

title: Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical @entity2917 from XXXX mediated by concealed accessory pathway in @entity1 .

answer: @entity16992 :: (MESH:D054139,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia']


abstract: The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in @entity1 with @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical @entity2917 ( @entity2917 ) and @entity16992 ( @entity16992 ) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex @entity4710 were obtained from @entity1 before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between @entity4710 mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect @entity4710 diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 @entity943 were accurately diagnosed in 76% of @entity1 ; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of @entity591 mechanism. Predictors of @entity16992 were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), @entity6391 intervals of > or =100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment @entity308 of > or =2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r' waves in lead V(1) and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during @entity591 predicted @entity2917 in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r'/S waves, @entity6391 duration, and ST-segment @entity308 during @entity591 . Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 @entity2917 ; 25 @entity16992 ) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the @entity4710 mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant @entity4710 .

title: Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical @entity2917 from @entity16992 mediated by concealed accessory pathway in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Until recently intra- @entity1661 following surgery for @entity698 has remained a frequent occurrence. In 1975 Fowler reported an incidence of one @entity6177 in 36 @entity698 treated with a protocol consisting of saline irrigation at surgery, followed by intraperitoneal administration of @entity8899 q. 6 hours for 48 hours. The same antibiotic was then given i.v. for 72 hours. He concluded that this method was an effective way to minimize post-op @entity6177 , and that the intraperitoneal route was more effective, for this purpose, than systemic administration. More recently, with better knowledge of the role of anaerobes, improved results have also been obtained by adding @entity3402 or @entity868 to the antibiotic regimen. A prospective study based on two groups of @entity1 randomly assigned to two protocols was undertaken. The study group consisted of 45 @entity1 operated for @entity698 with @entity733 or generalized @entity298 . These @entity1 were treated with Fowler's protocol. Because it is less nephrotoxic and is active against the same organisms, @entity7048 was used instead of @entity8899 . The control group consisted of 43 @entity1 , also operated for @entity698 , treated with saline irrigation at surgery, with either i.v. @entity801 or @entity2890 and @entity3402 or @entity868 for an average of 7.8 +/- 3.1 days. Both groups were fairly well matched in terms of age, sex, severity of disease, and bacterial flora. They showed an identical 6% post-op intra- @entity1661 rate. Days before afebrile, days under gastric suction, complications and average hospital stay were comparable in both groups. The wound infection rate was 20% in the study group and 9% in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of acute @entity698 with intraperitoneal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity8899 :: ('MESH:D002509', 'Chemical') :: ['cephaloridine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['cefazolin']


abstract: Until recently intra- @entity1661 following surgery for @entity698 has remained a frequent occurrence. In 1975 Fowler reported an incidence of one @entity6177 in 36 @entity698 treated with a protocol consisting of saline irrigation at surgery, followed by intraperitoneal administration of @entity8899 q. 6 hours for 48 hours. The same antibiotic was then given i.v. for 72 hours. He concluded that this method was an effective way to minimize post-op @entity6177 , and that the intraperitoneal route was more effective, for this purpose, than systemic administration. More recently, with better knowledge of the role of anaerobes, improved results have also been obtained by adding @entity3402 or @entity868 to the antibiotic regimen. A prospective study based on two groups of @entity1 randomly assigned to two protocols was undertaken. The study group consisted of 45 @entity1 operated for @entity698 with @entity733 or generalized @entity298 . These @entity1 were treated with Fowler's protocol. Because it is less nephrotoxic and is active against the same organisms, @entity7048 was used instead of @entity8899 . The control group consisted of 43 @entity1 , also operated for @entity698 , treated with saline irrigation at surgery, with either i.v. @entity801 or @entity2890 and @entity3402 or @entity868 for an average of 7.8 +/- 3.1 days. Both groups were fairly well matched in terms of age, sex, severity of disease, and bacterial flora. They showed an identical 6% post-op intra- @entity1661 rate. Days before afebrile, days under gastric suction, complications and average hospital stay were comparable in both groups. The wound infection rate was 20% in the study group and 9% in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of acute XXXX with intraperitoneal @entity7048 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['perforated appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Average Daily Risk Range (ADRR) is a measure of glycemic variability (GV) developed for adults with @entity6 . Although the ADRR is increasingly being reported in pediatric @entity6 research and may also be used in clinical management, it has never been examined for its sensitivity to predicting @entity4053 in youths or compared for its predictive ability with other measures of GV in youths. Thus, we present predictive validity data for the ADRR in youths with type 1 @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glucometer data for 436 youths (mean age, 11.8  3.8 years) were collected from a clinical database. Using these data, we computed the ADRR, SD of blood @entity413 , coefficient of variation of blood @entity413 , Low Blood @entity413 Index, High Blood @entity413 Index, the percentage of @entity413 values >= 70 and  <=180   mg/dL, the percentage of high @entity413 values >180   mg/dL and >400   mg/dL, and the percentage of low @entity413 values <70   mg/dL and <40   mg/dL in Month 1. We then compared these with episodes of hypo- and @entity4854 in Month 2. RESULTS: The ADRR showed good concurrent validity with other measures of GV in youths experiencing @entity1602 events but limited predictive validity in general and specifically with future hypoglycemic events. The percentages of current hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes appeared to be stronger predictors of future hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a large pediatric sample, the ADRR was not the strongest predictor of future glycemic excursion. The percentages of current hyper- and hypoglycemic episodes appear to be stronger predictors.

title: Evaluation of the Average Daily Risk Range as a Measure of Glycemic Variability in Youths with Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- and hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Wide resection is an acceptable alternative to amputation for the management of primary @entity242 of the long bones or pelvis. The resected bone can be debrided of gross @entity5 tissue, autoclaved, and then replaced over intramedullary fixation to reconstruct the limb anatomically. The procedure can be combined with prosthetic reconstruction of adjacent joints with sufficient strength to allow early unprotected weight-bearing. Resection and replacement for 28 low-grade (G1) and 14 selected high-grade (G2) @entity242 were performed in 42 @entity1 . The hemipelvis was resected and replaced four times, the proximal or distal femur 28 times, the proximal or distal tibia eight times, and the proximal humerus two times. Replacement of an adjacent joint, most commonly using a long-stemmed hip or knee prosthesis, was accomplished in 33 @entity1 . All @entity1 had been followed for a minimum of two years, nine months after treatment. The mean follow-up period is four years, ten months. Six individuals, all with high-grade @entity242 , developed @entity5 -related complications. Two evidenced a local recurrence of @entity5 , and four developed distant @entity3 . None of the @entity1 with low-grade @entity242 developed a recurrence or @entity3 . Fifteen @entity1 suffered complications unrelated to @entity5 control; 13 required reoperation, including two who required amputations for persistent @entity1516 and graft @entity281 , respectively. There was one other @entity281 , successfully eradicated by drainage followed by local and systemic antibiotics. Due to mechanical failure or loosening, six @entity1 were treated by successful revision of their joint arthroplasties. Two years after initial surgery, five @entity1 had failures of union at the graft-host junction. Four healed after cancellous grafting and one was revised to a custom prosthesis. There were no late @entity1642 of the grafts. The technique does not compromise the margins for adequate @entity5 resection. It preserves a graft strong enough to support a joint arthroplasty and to allow early weight-bearing with a low risk of @entity1516 or @entity1642 .

title: Limb salvage and prosthetic joint reconstruction for low-grade and selected high-grade XXXX of bone after wide resection and replacement by autoclaved [corrected] autogeneic grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['late fatigue fracture', 'fatigue fractures']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis', 'pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the clinical and radiological features of 73 cases of trigeminal @entity2950 treated with radical surgery. METHODS: The records for 73 @entity1 with trigeminal @entity2950 who were surgically treated in the neurosurgery department of King Edward VII Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College (Mumbai, India), between 1989 and 2001, were retrospectively analyzed. The appropriateness of the selected surgical route was studied. The postoperative and follow-up data for the @entity1 were analyzed, to determine the outcomes of radical surgery. RESULTS: In addition to the other presenting features of trigeminal @entity2950 , nine @entity1 presented with the rarely reported symptom of pathological laughter. Three approaches were observed to be appropriate for treatment of these @entity5 , i.e., the infratemporal fossa interdural approach, the lateral basal subtemporal approach, and the retrosigmoid approach. In 51 cases (70%), total @entity5 excision was achieved. Two @entity1 died during the postoperative period. With an average follow-up period of 38 months, there has been a recurrence in 1 case and 71 @entity1 are leading independent and active lives. CONCLUSION: Radical surgery is associated with excellent clinical outcomes and long-term @entity5 control. A majority of @entity5 , even those that are large and multicompartmental, can be removed in a single surgical stage and exposure.

title: Trigeminal XXXX : analysis of surgical experience with 73 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2950 :: (MESH:D009463,Disease) :: ['neuroma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Anterior cruciate @entity130 often incur major consequences for athletes. Elevated @entity172 levels are likely increase the risk for injury. This risk may be partially or fully mitigated by the use of @entity7280 . The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity1 undergoing anterior cruciate ligament surgical reconstruction were less likely to use @entity7280 than matched noninjured population. METHODS: This is a case-control study utilizing national insurance claims data from 2002 TO 2012. @entity1 included @entity1 age 15-39 yr. Cases were defined as those receiving surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament between 2002 and 2012. Controls were matched 3/1 to cases. Exposure to @entity7280 was defined as the presence of any prescription fill for @entity7280 during the previous 12 months to index date. Conditional multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the use of @entity7280 . RESULTS: @entity1 age 15-19 yr undergoing surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament were 18% less likely to use @entity7280 than matched controls (adjusted odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91; P < 0.0001). Cases among two older age groups, 25-29 and 30-34 yr, were more likely to use @entity7280 than controls with adjusted odds ratios of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02-1.30; P < 0.05) and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.04-1.31; P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity7280 potentially modifies anterior cruciate @entity130 risk in young @entity1 . Despite reports that athletes, who are more prone to anterior cruciate @entity130 , use @entity7280 at about twice the rate of nonathletes, these data suggest that @entity1 ages 15-19 yr undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction used @entity7280 at a lower rate than the general population.

title: Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Anterior Cruciate XXXX Epidemiology.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'ligament injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Ligament Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, techniques using fine-caliber instruments (2 or 3 mm in diameter) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, called minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC), were reported to be superior to @entity7617 ( @entity7617 , using 5 mm instruments) in postoperative course and cosmetic outcome. However, the use of MLC to date has been largely restricted to uncomplicated situations. Since @entity7617 has been proved to be a safe and efficient technique for acute @entity2679 especially if conducted early, this study tests the feasibility and safety of MLC for acute @entity2679 . METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity2679 were prospectively randomized to minilaparoscopic (n = 38) or conventional laparoscopic (n = 31) cholecystectomy, and the operations were conducted within 2 days of admission whenever possible. Despite different operative techniques, both groups of @entity1 received identical preoperative preparation, evaluation and postoperative care. The two groups were compared for @entity1 characteristics, results of laboratory tests, predictive score for LC difficulties, operative time, operative complications, hospitalization days and need for @entity6882 injection for wound @entity158 . RESULTS: The conversion rate was 7.9% (3 of 38) for the MLC group and 6.5% (2 of 31) for the @entity7617 group. Nine @entity1 in the MLC group and 7 in the @entity7617 group had concomitant @entity2877 and underwent endoscopic stone retrieval before operation. The age, sex, predictive score for LC difficulties, preoperative leukocyte count, length of hospital stay and requirement of intramuscular @entity6882 injections were similar for both groups of @entity1 , while, the operative times were marginally longer in the MLC group (113.8 +/- 30.8 versus 98.2 +/- 33.2 minutes, P = 0.056). No major complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 by MLC are as good as those of @entity7617 if the operation is performed early, with obvious smaller incisions and minimal complications. MLC is a safe and effective procedure for @entity1 with acute @entity2679 , and has an acceptable low conversion rate.

title: Early minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy in @entity1 with acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['conventional LC', 'CLC']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, techniques using fine-caliber instruments (2 or 3 mm in diameter) for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, called minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC), were reported to be superior to @entity7617 ( @entity7617 , using 5 mm instruments) in postoperative course and cosmetic outcome. However, the use of MLC to date has been largely restricted to uncomplicated situations. Since @entity7617 has been proved to be a safe and efficient technique for acute @entity2679 especially if conducted early, this study tests the feasibility and safety of MLC for acute @entity2679 . METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity2679 were prospectively randomized to minilaparoscopic (n = 38) or conventional laparoscopic (n = 31) cholecystectomy, and the operations were conducted within 2 days of admission whenever possible. Despite different operative techniques, both groups of @entity1 received identical preoperative preparation, evaluation and postoperative care. The two groups were compared for @entity1 characteristics, results of laboratory tests, predictive score for LC difficulties, operative time, operative complications, hospitalization days and need for @entity6882 injection for wound @entity158 . RESULTS: The conversion rate was 7.9% (3 of 38) for the MLC group and 6.5% (2 of 31) for the @entity7617 group. Nine @entity1 in the MLC group and 7 in the @entity7617 group had concomitant @entity2877 and underwent endoscopic stone retrieval before operation. The age, sex, predictive score for LC difficulties, preoperative leukocyte count, length of hospital stay and requirement of intramuscular @entity6882 injections were similar for both groups of @entity1 , while, the operative times were marginally longer in the MLC group (113.8 +/- 30.8 versus 98.2 +/- 33.2 minutes, P = 0.056). No major complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of cholecystectomy for acute @entity2679 by MLC are as good as those of @entity7617 if the operation is performed early, with obvious smaller incisions and minimal complications. MLC is a safe and effective procedure for @entity1 with acute @entity2679 , and has an acceptable low conversion rate.

title: Early minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy in XXXX with acute @entity2679 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe an unusual presentation of @entity1781 (FKS; unilateral @entity1952 with @entity4 in the other eye) with @entity1952 and @entity2994 . It is an example of how common clinical features can hide a rare condition or presentation of a disease. @entity1781 is uncommon. Therefore, a space-occupying lesion should be suspected when there is @entity1952 associated with acute pathology of the other eye. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old @entity1 presented with hemiretinal @entity2994 in his right eye. He had previous @entity1952 in his left eye attributed to nonarteritic anterior @entity1781 . He lacked cardiovascular or prothrombotic risk factors. Consideration was given whether the presence of contralateral @entity1952 was associated with the @entity2994 . A computed tomographic scan revealed a suprasellar mass. The @entity5 was excised and identified as @entity1653 . CONCLUSIONS: Although typical FKS would present with @entity1952 and contralateral @entity4 secondary to an intracranial mass, in this case, @entity4 was replaced by a @entity2994 . In @entity1952 that does not show characteristic visual field alterations, typical symptoms, or the classic evolution of a given disease, diagnostic imaging may reveal the etiology. As FKS is uncommon, when there is @entity1952 associated with acute pathology of the other eye, a space-occupying lesion should be suspected.

title: XXXX : An Atypical Presentation.

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy', 'optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'hemiretinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy', 'Foster Kennedy syndrome']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['Foster Kennedy Syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of emergency colectomies for the management of @entity694 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study was undertaken on 50 cases of @entity694 in the Surgical Department of the Aristide Le Dantec teaching hospital of Dakar from January 1994 to December 2000. It concerned 42 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 with an mean age of 42 years. All @entity1 presented an occlusive syndrome suggestive of @entity694 , which required a laparotomy, through a xypho-pubic incision. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I concerned 13 @entity1 who underwent an ideal colectomy and group II, 37 @entity1 in whom we performed a colectomy associated with a temporary colostomy with either Bouilly-Volkman procedure (n = 23) or Hartman procedure (n = 14) followed one month later by intestinal continuity restoration. Mortality and morbidity were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 12% (6/50). The mortality rate was 31% (4/13) in group I and 5 % (2/37) in group II. The overall morbidity rate was 14%. In group I, the morbidity rate was 15 % (2/13) and 13,5% (5/37) in group II. CONCLUSION: In our study the mortality rate was higher after colectomy with primary @entity254 than after colectomy with temporary colostomy followed by secondary @entity254 . We recommend colectomy without @entity254 for the emergency management of the @entity694 in Africa.

title: [Results of emergengy colectomy in the management of the XXXX in Dakar hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon volvulus operated', 'colon volvulus']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon volvulus']


abstract: @entity359 ( @entity1824 ) of the kidney are defined as potentially malignant mesenchymal lesions that are closely related to @entity359 . Although approximately 120 cases are published, mostly as case reports with variably used diagnostic criteria, the pathologic prognostic predictors of outcome are unknown. We analyzed the clinicopathologic parameters in a large series of 41 cases of pure @entity359 of the kidney, which we designate as pure (monotypic) epithelioid @entity1824 to contrast them from classic @entity359 that are regarded by some as @entity1824 . We use the terminology "pure" to separate these cases from those that may have variable epithelioid components. The mean age of the @entity1 was 40.7 years (range, 14 to 68 y). The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation with metastatic disease at onset in 12 cases. Follow-up and/or disease progression information were available for 33 of 41 cases (mean, 44.5 mo and median, 24.5 mo; range, 4 to 240); 9 @entity1 had a history of associated @entity2916 . Recurrence and @entity3 were seen in 17% and 49% of @entity1 ; 33% of @entity1 died of disease. Lymph node involvement was seen in 24% of @entity1 ; the liver (63%), lung (25%), and mesentery (18.8%) were the most common metastatic sites. Clinicopathologic parameters associated with disease progression (recurrence, @entity3 , or @entity204 due to disease) in univariate analysis included associated @entity2916 complex or concurrent @entity359 (any @entity3 , P=0.046), @entity39 ( @entity3 at diagnosis, P=0.012), @entity5 size >7 cm (progression, P=0.021), extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement (progression, P=0.023), and @entity189 -like growth pattern (progression, P=0.040) (the 5 adverse prognostic parameters for @entity1824 ). @entity5 with <2 adverse prognostic parameters (13 cases) were considered to be low risk for progression @entity5 , with 15% having disease progression. @entity5 with 2 to 3 adverse prognostic parameters (14 cases) were considered to be "intermediate risk," with 64% having disease progression. @entity5 with more than 4 or more adverse prognostic parameters (6 cases) were considered to be high risk, with all @entity1 having disease progression. Of @entity5 with 3 or more adverse prognostic parameters, 80% had disease progression. An exact logistic regression analytic model showed that only @entity189 -like growth pattern and extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement were significant predictors of outcome (P=0.009 and 0.033, respectively). Our data of a large series with uniform definitional criteria confirm the malignant potential for @entity1824 and provide adverse prognostic parameters for risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX (so-called epithelioid @entity359 ) of the kidney: A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases: detailed assessment of morphology and risk stratification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'pure epithelioid PEComas', 'perivascular epithelioid cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'epithelioid angiomyolipomas', 'Epithelioid angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma', 'classic angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity1824 :: (MESH:D054973,Disease) :: ['Pure epithelioid PEComas']


abstract: @entity359 ( @entity1824 ) of the kidney are defined as potentially malignant mesenchymal lesions that are closely related to @entity359 . Although approximately 120 cases are published, mostly as case reports with variably used diagnostic criteria, the pathologic prognostic predictors of outcome are unknown. We analyzed the clinicopathologic parameters in a large series of 41 cases of pure @entity359 of the kidney, which we designate as pure (monotypic) epithelioid @entity1824 to contrast them from classic @entity359 that are regarded by some as @entity1824 . We use the terminology "pure" to separate these cases from those that may have variable epithelioid components. The mean age of the @entity1 was 40.7 years (range, 14 to 68 y). The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation with metastatic disease at onset in 12 cases. Follow-up and/or disease progression information were available for 33 of 41 cases (mean, 44.5 mo and median, 24.5 mo; range, 4 to 240); 9 @entity1 had a history of associated @entity2916 . Recurrence and @entity3 were seen in 17% and 49% of @entity1 ; 33% of @entity1 died of disease. Lymph node involvement was seen in 24% of @entity1 ; the liver (63%), lung (25%), and mesentery (18.8%) were the most common metastatic sites. Clinicopathologic parameters associated with disease progression (recurrence, @entity3 , or @entity204 due to disease) in univariate analysis included associated @entity2916 complex or concurrent @entity359 (any @entity3 , P=0.046), @entity39 ( @entity3 at diagnosis, P=0.012), @entity5 size >7 cm (progression, P=0.021), extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement (progression, P=0.023), and @entity189 -like growth pattern (progression, P=0.040) (the 5 adverse prognostic parameters for @entity1824 ). @entity5 with <2 adverse prognostic parameters (13 cases) were considered to be low risk for progression @entity5 , with 15% having disease progression. @entity5 with 2 to 3 adverse prognostic parameters (14 cases) were considered to be "intermediate risk," with 64% having disease progression. @entity5 with more than 4 or more adverse prognostic parameters (6 cases) were considered to be high risk, with all @entity1 having disease progression. Of @entity5 with 3 or more adverse prognostic parameters, 80% had disease progression. An exact logistic regression analytic model showed that only @entity189 -like growth pattern and extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement were significant predictors of outcome (P=0.009 and 0.033, respectively). Our data of a large series with uniform definitional criteria confirm the malignant potential for @entity1824 and provide adverse prognostic parameters for risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1824 (so-called epithelioid XXXX ) of the kidney: A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases: detailed assessment of morphology and risk stratification.

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']


abstract: Quality of life (QOL) is a key clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity2 because of the debilitating nature of the disease and its treatments. In recent years, advances have been made in the assessment of QOL via @entity1 -reported outcomes. A brief history of the evolution of QOL measures in oncology clinical trials and practice is given with specific reference to @entity5 . The role that QOL can play as a prognostic factor, especially among @entity2 @entity1 , is delineated. The most commonly seen symptoms among @entity2 @entity1 are listed. This review is intended to provide the clinical researcher with a summary of the alternative measures that are both valid and reasonable to consider when assessing QOL in @entity5 @entity1 . Suggestions for QOL assessment in both a research setting and clinical environment are considered. A review of the most popular QOL assessments in general application to @entity2 and disease-specific measures is provided. An algorithm for selecting appropriate QOL assessments for @entity2 clinical research is provided. The primary conclusion from this work is that scientifically sound investigations into the QOL of @entity5 @entity1 are feasible and encouraged so that the care of these @entity1 can be optimized.

title: Metrics to assess quality of life after management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage lung cancer']


abstract: Purpose: @entity1 with @entity227 ( @entity227 ) adopt various strategies to complete activities of daily living (ADL). Using objective movement analysis, we compared how three ADLs were completed by @entity1 with @entity227 compared with age-matched, visually healthy individuals. Methods: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity227 (age 81    10 years) and 10 age-matched, visually healthy (age 75    5 years) participated. Three ADLs were assessed: pick up food from a plate, pour liquid from a bottle, and insert a key in a lock. @entity1 with @entity227 completed each ADL habitually (as they would in their home). Data were compared with visually healthy @entity1 who were asked to complete the tasks as they would normally, but under specified experimental conditions. Movement kinematics were compared using three-dimension motion analysis (Vicon). Visual functions (distance and near acuities, contrast sensitivity, visual fields) were recorded. Results: All @entity227 @entity1 were able to complete each ADL. However, @entity1 with @entity227 demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) longer overall movement times, shorter minimum viewing distance, and, for two of the three ADL tasks, needed more online corrections in the latter part of the movement. Conclusions: Results indicate that, despite the adoption of various habitual strategies, @entity1 with @entity227 still do not perform common daily living tasks as efficiently as healthy subjects. Although indices suggesting feed-forward planning are similar, they made more movement corrections and increased time for the latter portion of the action, indicating a more cautious/uncertain approach. Various kinematic indices correlated significantly to visual function parameters including @entity227 .

title: Objective Analysis of Performance of Activities of Daily Living in XXXX With Central Field Loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity and midperipheral visual field loss', 'CFL', 'central visual field loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical repair of @entity7891 is still challenging. At birth, @entity1 undergo bladder closure, colostomy, and osteotomy of the pubic bone (if necessary, when the interpubic range is wide and cannot be brought together with the hands). This @entity1625 is closed primarily by urologists or pediatric surgeons, if possible, but the @entity1 may experience a relapse of @entity1494 and an @entity1625 . Abdominal reconstruction was performed for a series of recurrent and primary (preventive) cases. METHODS: Abdominal wall reconstruction was performed using the rectus abdominis and external oblique @entity121 flaps, and reinforcement of the bilateral rectus abdominis muscles in 2 cases of @entity7891 @entity1 . One was a recurrent case treated at 7 months old, and the other was done primarily at 2 days after birth. RESULTS: The closure of the abdominal wall was successful and no relapse of @entity1494 or @entity1625 has occurred. These @entity1 are now undergoing rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Cloacal exstrophy usually has many serious complications. The abdominal-wall defect is often large and accompanied by a wide detachment of the pubic bone. Even if the simple closure of abdominal wall is possible at birth, it is usually insufficient. Abdominal-wall repair must be done thoroughly, soon after birth, and plastic surgery techniques should be used.

title: Abdominoplasty of XXXX : application of reconstructive methods to recurrent and primary cases.

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal defect']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['cloacal exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

answer: @entity7891 :: (MESH:D001746,Disease) :: ['cloacal exstrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pediatric @entity879 is often accompanied by @entity99 , @entity2657 , and @entity428 . @entity428 can be managed more effectively with intracranial monitoring, but acute-liver-failure-associated @entity1003 is often considered a contraindication for invasive monitoring due to risk for @entity510 . We reviewed our experience with use of early intracranial pressure monitoring in @entity879 in @entity1 listed for liver transplantation. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Retrospective review of all intubated pediatric @entity879 @entity1 with grade III and grade IV @entity75 requiring intracranial pressure monitoring and evaluated for potential liver transplant who were identified from an institutional liver transplant @entity1 database from 1999 to 2009. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 7 months to 20 yrs. Diagnoses of @entity879 were infectious (three), drug-induced (seven), @entity775 (two), and indeterminate (two). Grade III and IV @entity75 was seen in ten (71%) and four (29%) @entity1 , respectively. Computed tomography scans before intracranial pressure monitor placement showed @entity2657 in five (35.7%) @entity1 . Before intracranial pressure monitor placement, fresh frozen plasma, @entity2067 , and activated recombinant factor VIIa were given to all 14 @entity1 , with significant improvement in @entity1003 (p < .04). The initial intracranial pressure ranged from 5 to 50 cm @entity2507 ; the intracranial pressure was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2657 by computed tomography (p < .05). Eleven of 14 (78%) @entity1 received hypertonic saline, and three (22%) received @entity2656 for @entity428 . Eight of 14 (56%) monitored @entity1 were managed to liver transplant, with 100% surviving neurologically intact. Four of 14 (28%) @entity1 had spontaneous recovery without liver transplant. Two of 14 (14%) @entity1 died due to @entity881 before transplant. One @entity1 had a small 9-mm @entity932 but survived after receiving a liver transplant. No @entity1 developed @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: In our series of @entity1 , intracranial pressure monitoring had a low complication rate and was associated with a high survival rate despite severe @entity99 and @entity2657 in the setting of pediatric @entity879 . In our experience, monitoring of intracranial pressure allowed interventions to treat @entity428 and provided additional information regarding central @entity4215 before liver transplant. Further study is warranted to confirm if monitoring allows more directed intracranial pressure therapy and improves survival in pediatric @entity879 .

title: Invasive intracranial pressure monitoring is a useful adjunct in the management of severe XXXX associated with pediatric @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['nervous system injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'Elevated intracranial pressure', 'increased intracranial pressure', 'raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pediatric @entity879 is often accompanied by @entity99 , @entity2657 , and @entity428 . @entity428 can be managed more effectively with intracranial monitoring, but acute-liver-failure-associated @entity1003 is often considered a contraindication for invasive monitoring due to risk for @entity510 . We reviewed our experience with use of early intracranial pressure monitoring in @entity879 in @entity1 listed for liver transplantation. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Retrospective review of all intubated pediatric @entity879 @entity1 with grade III and grade IV @entity75 requiring intracranial pressure monitoring and evaluated for potential liver transplant who were identified from an institutional liver transplant @entity1 database from 1999 to 2009. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 were identified who met the inclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 7 months to 20 yrs. Diagnoses of @entity879 were infectious (three), drug-induced (seven), @entity775 (two), and indeterminate (two). Grade III and IV @entity75 was seen in ten (71%) and four (29%) @entity1 , respectively. Computed tomography scans before intracranial pressure monitor placement showed @entity2657 in five (35.7%) @entity1 . Before intracranial pressure monitor placement, fresh frozen plasma, @entity2067 , and activated recombinant factor VIIa were given to all 14 @entity1 , with significant improvement in @entity1003 (p < .04). The initial intracranial pressure ranged from 5 to 50 cm @entity2507 ; the intracranial pressure was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2657 by computed tomography (p < .05). Eleven of 14 (78%) @entity1 received hypertonic saline, and three (22%) received @entity2656 for @entity428 . Eight of 14 (56%) monitored @entity1 were managed to liver transplant, with 100% surviving neurologically intact. Four of 14 (28%) @entity1 had spontaneous recovery without liver transplant. Two of 14 (14%) @entity1 died due to @entity881 before transplant. One @entity1 had a small 9-mm @entity932 but survived after receiving a liver transplant. No @entity1 developed @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: In our series of @entity1 , intracranial pressure monitoring had a low complication rate and was associated with a high survival rate despite severe @entity99 and @entity2657 in the setting of pediatric @entity879 . In our experience, monitoring of intracranial pressure allowed interventions to treat @entity428 and provided additional information regarding central @entity4215 before liver transplant. Further study is warranted to confirm if monitoring allows more directed intracranial pressure therapy and improves survival in pediatric @entity879 .

title: Invasive intracranial pressure monitoring is a useful adjunct in the management of severe @entity99 associated with pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the beliefs and attitudes of U.S. neurosurgeons regarding the use of intracranial pressure monitors among @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire was administered by mail between March and July 2009, to a random sample of 500 adult neurosurgeons and to all 228 pediatric neurosurgeons in the @entity16 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The response rate was 60%. Abnormal computed tomography scans, either with @entity4 or @entity1276 , and older @entity1 age were likely to prompt neurosurgeons to consider monitoring intracranial pressure, whereas etiology of @entity693 did not impact the decision to monitor intracranial pressure. Fifty-two percent of neurosurgeons believed computed tomography scans were inaccurate in detecting @entity428 in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 , 22% believed otherwise, and 26% were uncertain. Only 25% of neurosurgeons felt there was sufficient medical evidence to monitor intracranial pressure in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 , with higher frequency among adult than pediatric (30% vs. 16%; p < .01) neurosurgeons. Eighty-one percent of neurosurgeons disagreed with the notion that @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 were too ill to benefit from placement of intracranial pressure monitors. Pediatric neurosurgeons reported a higher frequency than adult neurosurgeons of having placed more (more than five) intracranial pressure monitors in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 (42% vs. 28%; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Most neurosurgeons are willing to consider monitoring intracranial pressure among @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 in the presence of abnormal findings on computed tomography scan and with older @entity1 age. These findings are instructive in view of the current uncertainty and equipoise in clinical practice regarding intracranial pressure monitoring in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Intracranial pressure monitoring in childhood @entity693 with XXXX : a national survey of neurosurgeons in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Congress of Neurologic Surgeons']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the beliefs and attitudes of U.S. neurosurgeons regarding the use of intracranial pressure monitors among @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A questionnaire was administered by mail between March and July 2009, to a random sample of 500 adult neurosurgeons and to all 228 pediatric neurosurgeons in the @entity16 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The response rate was 60%. Abnormal computed tomography scans, either with @entity4 or @entity1276 , and older @entity1 age were likely to prompt neurosurgeons to consider monitoring intracranial pressure, whereas etiology of @entity693 did not impact the decision to monitor intracranial pressure. Fifty-two percent of neurosurgeons believed computed tomography scans were inaccurate in detecting @entity428 in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 , 22% believed otherwise, and 26% were uncertain. Only 25% of neurosurgeons felt there was sufficient medical evidence to monitor intracranial pressure in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 , with higher frequency among adult than pediatric (30% vs. 16%; p < .01) neurosurgeons. Eighty-one percent of neurosurgeons disagreed with the notion that @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 were too ill to benefit from placement of intracranial pressure monitors. Pediatric neurosurgeons reported a higher frequency than adult neurosurgeons of having placed more (more than five) intracranial pressure monitors in @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 (42% vs. 28%; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Most neurosurgeons are willing to consider monitoring intracranial pressure among @entity772 @entity1 with @entity693 in the presence of abnormal findings on computed tomography scan and with older @entity1 age. These findings are instructive in view of the current uncertainty and equipoise in clinical practice regarding intracranial pressure monitoring in these critically ill @entity1 .

title: Intracranial pressure monitoring in childhood XXXX with @entity772 : a national survey of neurosurgeons in the United States.

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: To elucidate the mechanism of glucagon-insulin (G-I) therapy, the effect of insulin and/or glucagon on the @entity8683 was studied in an experiment utilizing cultured cells (JTC-16) of @entity35 ascites @entity157 . Insulin specific receptors were present on JTC-16 cells and were similar in nature to the receptors of primary culture @entity35 hepatocytes. There were two kinds of insulin receptors. One had a high insulin affinity and the other had low insulin affinity. In the experiment involving addition of insulin the number of insulin receptors decreased after 24 hrs incubation in proportion to the increase in added insulin concentration. On the other hand, the number of insulin receptors increased with glucagon addition and the increase in proportion to the concentration of glucagon added. In the experiment involving simultaneous addition of insulin and glucagon, a 20% decrease in the number of receptors induced with 10(-9) M insulin was restored to the control level with simultaneous glucagon addition of the same concentration. The number of insulin receptors increased as the concentration of additive glucagon increased. These results show that simultaneous addition of insulin and glucagon inhibits the decrease in number of insulin receptors with insulin alone. These facts may obtain more potent action of insulin in G-I therapy via @entity8683 .

title: The effect of insulin and glucagon on the @entity8683 of cultured XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: To elucidate the mechanism of glucagon-insulin (G-I) therapy, the effect of insulin and/or glucagon on the @entity8683 was studied in an experiment utilizing cultured cells (JTC-16) of @entity35 ascites @entity157 . Insulin specific receptors were present on JTC-16 cells and were similar in nature to the receptors of primary culture @entity35 hepatocytes. There were two kinds of insulin receptors. One had a high insulin affinity and the other had low insulin affinity. In the experiment involving addition of insulin the number of insulin receptors decreased after 24 hrs incubation in proportion to the increase in added insulin concentration. On the other hand, the number of insulin receptors increased with glucagon addition and the increase in proportion to the concentration of glucagon added. In the experiment involving simultaneous addition of insulin and glucagon, a 20% decrease in the number of receptors induced with 10(-9) M insulin was restored to the control level with simultaneous glucagon addition of the same concentration. The number of insulin receptors increased as the concentration of additive glucagon increased. These results show that simultaneous addition of insulin and glucagon inhibits the decrease in number of insulin receptors with insulin alone. These facts may obtain more potent action of insulin in G-I therapy via @entity8683 .

title: The effect of insulin and glucagon on the XXXX of cultured @entity157 cells.

answer: @entity8683 :: (24954(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity2835 were entered into a prospective, randomized trial of @entity5805 therapy. Thirteen @entity1 received @entity5805 (0.5-4 mg/day) and 11 @entity1 received no therapy; all have been followed for 2-6 yr (mean, 4.1 yr). Two control but no treated @entity1 died. Average serum @entity648 , serum @entity492 aminotransferase activities, and albumin levels improved or remained unchanged in treated @entity1 but worsened in controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels did not change in either group. Immunoglobulin M levels decreased and became normal in all treated @entity1 but in only 3 control @entity1 . Liver biopsy histology revealed an improvement in inflammatory cell infiltrate in treated @entity1 in comparison with controls, but no significant change in degree of @entity82 or the histologic stage of disease. Side effects of therapy included @entity236 necessitating discontinuation of the drug in 4 @entity1 . These findings indicate that @entity5805 therapy may retard the progression of @entity2835 . Whether such therapy will ultimately decrease morbidity and improve survival in this disease can only be demonstrated by large-scale, placebo-controlled trials.

title: Randomized trial of XXXX for @entity2835 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity5805 :: (MESH:D002699,Chemical) :: ['chlorambucil']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity2835 were entered into a prospective, randomized trial of @entity5805 therapy. Thirteen @entity1 received @entity5805 (0.5-4 mg/day) and 11 @entity1 received no therapy; all have been followed for 2-6 yr (mean, 4.1 yr). Two control but no treated @entity1 died. Average serum @entity648 , serum @entity492 aminotransferase activities, and albumin levels improved or remained unchanged in treated @entity1 but worsened in controls. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels did not change in either group. Immunoglobulin M levels decreased and became normal in all treated @entity1 but in only 3 control @entity1 . Liver biopsy histology revealed an improvement in inflammatory cell infiltrate in treated @entity1 in comparison with controls, but no significant change in degree of @entity82 or the histologic stage of disease. Side effects of therapy included @entity236 necessitating discontinuation of the drug in 4 @entity1 . These findings indicate that @entity5805 therapy may retard the progression of @entity2835 . Whether such therapy will ultimately decrease morbidity and improve survival in this disease can only be demonstrated by large-scale, placebo-controlled trials.

title: Randomized trial of @entity5805 for XXXX .

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 underwent repair of a @entity2334 . Epidural @entity1286 , 4 mg, was given for @entity158 relief. After anesthesia, the @entity1 displayed @entity1746 . This effect was reversed by @entity1510 . The authors sought to confirm these observations using a @entity35 spinal @entity63 model to define the effects of intrathecal @entity1286 administered at various times after reflow on behavior and spinal histopathology. METHODS: @entity2759 was induced for 6 min using an intraaortic balloon. @entity1286 or saline, 30 microg, was injected intrathecally at 0.5, 2, or 24 h after reflow. In a separate group, spinal cord temperature was decreased to 27 degrees C before @entity63 . After @entity63 , recovery of motor function was assessed periodically using the motor deficit index (0 = complete recovery; 6 = complete @entity451 ). RESULTS: After @entity63 , all @entity35 showed near-complete recovery of function by 4-6 h. Intrathecal injection of @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h of reflow (but not at 24 h) but not saline caused a development of @entity4218 and lasted for 4.5 h (motor deficit index score = 4-6). This effect was reversed by intrathecal @entity1510 (30 microg). Intrathecal @entity1286 administered after hypothermic @entity63 was without effect. Histopathological analysis in animals that received intrathecal @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h after @entity63 (but not at 24 h) revealed dark-staining alpha motoneurons and interneurons. Intrathecal saline or spinal @entity2332 plus @entity1286 was without effect. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that during the immediate reflow following a noninjurious interval of spinal @entity63 , intrathecal @entity1286 potentiates @entity66 . Reversal by @entity1510 suggests that this effect results from an opioid receptor-mediated potentiation of a transient block of inhibitory neurons initiated by spinal @entity63 .

title: Neuraxial @entity1286 may trigger transient @entity66 after a noninjurious interval of XXXX : a clinical and experimental study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['hind limb dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 underwent repair of a @entity2334 . Epidural @entity1286 , 4 mg, was given for @entity158 relief. After anesthesia, the @entity1 displayed @entity1746 . This effect was reversed by @entity1510 . The authors sought to confirm these observations using a @entity35 spinal @entity63 model to define the effects of intrathecal @entity1286 administered at various times after reflow on behavior and spinal histopathology. METHODS: @entity2759 was induced for 6 min using an intraaortic balloon. @entity1286 or saline, 30 microg, was injected intrathecally at 0.5, 2, or 24 h after reflow. In a separate group, spinal cord temperature was decreased to 27 degrees C before @entity63 . After @entity63 , recovery of motor function was assessed periodically using the motor deficit index (0 = complete recovery; 6 = complete @entity451 ). RESULTS: After @entity63 , all @entity35 showed near-complete recovery of function by 4-6 h. Intrathecal injection of @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h of reflow (but not at 24 h) but not saline caused a development of @entity4218 and lasted for 4.5 h (motor deficit index score = 4-6). This effect was reversed by intrathecal @entity1510 (30 microg). Intrathecal @entity1286 administered after hypothermic @entity63 was without effect. Histopathological analysis in animals that received intrathecal @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h after @entity63 (but not at 24 h) revealed dark-staining alpha motoneurons and interneurons. Intrathecal saline or spinal @entity2332 plus @entity1286 was without effect. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that during the immediate reflow following a noninjurious interval of spinal @entity63 , intrathecal @entity1286 potentiates @entity66 . Reversal by @entity1510 suggests that this effect results from an opioid receptor-mediated potentiation of a transient block of inhibitory neurons initiated by spinal @entity63 .

title: Neuraxial @entity1286 may trigger transient XXXX after a noninjurious interval of @entity2759 : a clinical and experimental study.

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['motor dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 underwent repair of a @entity2334 . Epidural @entity1286 , 4 mg, was given for @entity158 relief. After anesthesia, the @entity1 displayed @entity1746 . This effect was reversed by @entity1510 . The authors sought to confirm these observations using a @entity35 spinal @entity63 model to define the effects of intrathecal @entity1286 administered at various times after reflow on behavior and spinal histopathology. METHODS: @entity2759 was induced for 6 min using an intraaortic balloon. @entity1286 or saline, 30 microg, was injected intrathecally at 0.5, 2, or 24 h after reflow. In a separate group, spinal cord temperature was decreased to 27 degrees C before @entity63 . After @entity63 , recovery of motor function was assessed periodically using the motor deficit index (0 = complete recovery; 6 = complete @entity451 ). RESULTS: After @entity63 , all @entity35 showed near-complete recovery of function by 4-6 h. Intrathecal injection of @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h of reflow (but not at 24 h) but not saline caused a development of @entity4218 and lasted for 4.5 h (motor deficit index score = 4-6). This effect was reversed by intrathecal @entity1510 (30 microg). Intrathecal @entity1286 administered after hypothermic @entity63 was without effect. Histopathological analysis in animals that received intrathecal @entity1286 at 0.5 or 2 h after @entity63 (but not at 24 h) revealed dark-staining alpha motoneurons and interneurons. Intrathecal saline or spinal @entity2332 plus @entity1286 was without effect. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that during the immediate reflow following a noninjurious interval of spinal @entity63 , intrathecal @entity1286 potentiates @entity66 . Reversal by @entity1510 suggests that this effect results from an opioid receptor-mediated potentiation of a transient block of inhibitory neurons initiated by spinal @entity63 .

title: Neuraxial XXXX may trigger transient @entity66 after a noninjurious interval of @entity2759 : a clinical and experimental study.

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Nine laboratories analyzed samples of whole grain, intermediate, and ready-to-eat products for @entity8441 ( @entity8653 ) residues. Supplied samples of @entity3505 , @entity579 , and flour contained both fortified and incurred EDB; @entity4336 bread mix, baby cereal, and bread contained only fortified EDB. The whole grains and intermediates were analyzed by the same basic procedural steps as in the official method for multifumigants: They were extracted by soaking in @entity1324 -water (5 + 1). The baby cereal and bread were analyzed by a modification of the Rains and Holder @entity4315 co-distillation procedure. EDB was determined by electron capture gas chromatography operated with an SP-1000 column. All products contained 3 different levels of EDB and were analyzed as blind duplicates. Overall mean recoveries ranged from 85.2% for 69.6 ppb to 105.0% for 4.35 ppb, both in baby cereal. Interlaboratory relative standard deviations ranged from 5.7% for 869 ppb in @entity3505 to 20.2% for 69.6 ppb in baby cereal, both fortified. Mean levels of incurred EDB in @entity3505 , @entity579 , and flour were 926.7, 982.0, and 49.9 ppb, respectively; corresponding relative standard deviations were 9.9, 7.7, and 13.1%. The method was adopted official first action.

title: Gas chromatographic method for XXXX in grains and grain-based products: collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity8441 :: ('MESH:D015946', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene dibromide']

answer: @entity8441 :: (MESH:D015946,Chemical) :: ['ethylene dibromide']


abstract: Glandular inclusions in @entity169 may bear a striking resemblance to the epididymis or @entity12108 . Misinterpretation as a transected functional structure may raise significant concerns regarding reproductive capability, even if encountered unilaterally. In a @entity1 , resolution of these concerns may be years away with the onset of puberty and documentation of normal sperm counts. @entity2282 has been shown to be present in Wolffian-type epithelium and to be absent in Mullerian-type epithelium. We hypothesized that an antibody to @entity2282 would react with vas @entity12108 and fail to react with @entity547 sac inclusions, most of which we thought were Mullerian duct-derived structures. Glandular inclusions in 29 @entity547 sacs from prepubertal males were classified histologically according to their resemblance to normal structures and analyzed for @entity2282 by immunohistochemistry. Inclusions resembling @entity12108 had their external diameters measured and were also stained for smooth muscle actin. Thirty-one examples of normal @entity12108 and 13 examples of normal epididymis were included for comparison. The inclusions were classified as @entity12108 -like (9), epididymis-like (13), and Mullerian-like (7). @entity2282 reactivity was lacking in all @entity12108 ; their median external diameter was 0.6 mm. Of the epididymis-like inclusions, 7 of 13 were @entity2282 positive. The @entity2282 -negative cases consisted of glands with well-defined stromal coats distinct from adjacent stromal coats. @entity2282 -positive cases were more numerous, more tightly aggregated, and surrounded by less well-developed stromal coats that blended with adjacent coats. All seven Mullerian-like remnants were @entity2282 negative. All normal vas @entity12108 showed at least focal @entity2282 reactivity. @entity2282 positivity in all cases had a luminal membranous staining pattern. Both the @entity12108 and the normal @entity12108 showed strong smooth muscle actin positivity in their stromal coats. @entity2282 negativity and external diameter <1 mm are highly useful to distinguish @entity12108 from true @entity12108 . Epididymis-like inclusions are more problematic. Some react for @entity2282 and may represent aberrant Wolffian ductules. Others are @entity2282 negative, distinct from true epididymis, and may be of Mullerian differentiation. Mullerian-like remnants can be diagnosed on the basis of their limited number and scattered distribution. Lack of @entity2282 immunostaining corroborates this interpretation.

title: Glandular inclusions in XXXX : morphologic and immunohistochemical distinction from epididymis and @entity12108 .

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['vas deferens', 'deferens and epididymis', 'vas deferens-like inclusions']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia sacs']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia sacs']


abstract: Glandular inclusions in @entity169 may bear a striking resemblance to the epididymis or @entity12108 . Misinterpretation as a transected functional structure may raise significant concerns regarding reproductive capability, even if encountered unilaterally. In a @entity1 , resolution of these concerns may be years away with the onset of puberty and documentation of normal sperm counts. @entity2282 has been shown to be present in Wolffian-type epithelium and to be absent in Mullerian-type epithelium. We hypothesized that an antibody to @entity2282 would react with vas @entity12108 and fail to react with @entity547 sac inclusions, most of which we thought were Mullerian duct-derived structures. Glandular inclusions in 29 @entity547 sacs from prepubertal males were classified histologically according to their resemblance to normal structures and analyzed for @entity2282 by immunohistochemistry. Inclusions resembling @entity12108 had their external diameters measured and were also stained for smooth muscle actin. Thirty-one examples of normal @entity12108 and 13 examples of normal epididymis were included for comparison. The inclusions were classified as @entity12108 -like (9), epididymis-like (13), and Mullerian-like (7). @entity2282 reactivity was lacking in all @entity12108 ; their median external diameter was 0.6 mm. Of the epididymis-like inclusions, 7 of 13 were @entity2282 positive. The @entity2282 -negative cases consisted of glands with well-defined stromal coats distinct from adjacent stromal coats. @entity2282 -positive cases were more numerous, more tightly aggregated, and surrounded by less well-developed stromal coats that blended with adjacent coats. All seven Mullerian-like remnants were @entity2282 negative. All normal vas @entity12108 showed at least focal @entity2282 reactivity. @entity2282 positivity in all cases had a luminal membranous staining pattern. Both the @entity12108 and the normal @entity12108 showed strong smooth muscle actin positivity in their stromal coats. @entity2282 negativity and external diameter <1 mm are highly useful to distinguish @entity12108 from true @entity12108 . Epididymis-like inclusions are more problematic. Some react for @entity2282 and may represent aberrant Wolffian ductules. Others are @entity2282 negative, distinct from true epididymis, and may be of Mullerian differentiation. Mullerian-like remnants can be diagnosed on the basis of their limited number and scattered distribution. Lack of @entity2282 immunostaining corroborates this interpretation.

title: Glandular inclusions in @entity169 : morphologic and immunohistochemical distinction from epididymis and XXXX .

answer: @entity12108 :: (MESH:C535984,Disease) :: ['vas deferens']


abstract: The diagnosis of @entity263 is usually made on needle biopsies. Numerous benign lesions may mimic @entity5 , especially when the focus of @entity189 is limited. The presence of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct epithelium on prostate biopsy is not rare and could cause @entity911 with @entity420 . Lipochrome pigments are frequently encountered in seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct but may be also seen in @entity263 . @entity1486 immunostaining in difficult cases is sometimes used, but high-grade @entity420 may be negative. In one previous report, @entity21826 was found to be expressed in seminal vesicle but not in normal prostate. @entity21826 belongs to the family of @entity1 @entity3558 genes. So we investigated herein the immunohistochemical expression of @entity21826 in prostate @entity420 and seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct. We have tested 30 prostate @entity420 of various grade, 10 normal seminal vesicles, and 10 prostate @entity420 invading the seminal vesicles. The tissues were fixed in 10% buffered @entity406 and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. All @entity420 and normal prostate structures tested were negative. In contrast, all seminal vesicles were diffusely immunostained with @entity21826 antibody. We concluded that @entity21826 is a valuable marker of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct and is useful for the differential diagnosis with @entity263 .

title: @entity21826 is a marker of seminal vesicle-ejaculatory duct epithelium and is useful for the differential diagnosis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma']