abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity10 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity131 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity10 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity542 and blast @entity19 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity9251 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity1372 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity542 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity130 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity9251 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity542 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity1 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity9251 may not involve @entity450 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild @entity131 in XXXX : Potential implications for post-traumatic @entity10 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity299 , @entity6 , and @entity5 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity299 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity0 , and @entity14 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity299 , @entity6 , XXXX and @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity299 , @entity6 , and @entity5 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity299 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity0 , and @entity14 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity299 , @entity6 , @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity299 , @entity6 , and @entity5 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity299 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity0 , and @entity14 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of XXXX , @entity6 , @entity0 and @entity14 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity299 , @entity6 , and @entity5 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity299 , @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity0 , and @entity14 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity299 , XXXX , @entity0 and @entity14 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To describe the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in @entity1 with hypermature @entity231 . STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive case series. METHODS: The records of @entity1 with hypermature @entity231 and spontaneous capsular dehiscence seen and managed at a tertiary eye care centre between August 2012 and August 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: 10 eyes of 10 @entity1 were identified. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was limited to light perception in all @entity1 . Three eyes had anterior dislocation of the nucleus, two had @entity3029 and in five the nucleus was presumed to have absorbed. Eight eyes (80%) demonstrated both anterior and posterior capsular tears and five eyes (50%) showed calcification spots in the capsule remnants. Other features at presentation included @entity4 (two eyes), vitritis (four eyes), raised intraocular pressure (one eye) and hypopyon (one eye). Removal of the nucleus through anterior (three eyes) or posterior route (two eyes) was carried out in all @entity1 with dislocated nucleus. Intraocular lens could be implanted in seven eyes (70%) and they had a final BCVA ranging from 6/18 to 6/36. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous lens capsule rupture can occur in @entity231 ( @entity231 ) and result in anterior or @entity3029 of the nucleus or spontaneous resorption with or without an accompanying inflammatory reaction of varying severity. An acceptable visual outcome can be obtained, except in the presence of associated @entity726 or @entity2687 .

title: Spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in hypermature XXXX : presentations and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['HMSC', 'cataract', 'hypermature senile cataract']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal oedema']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical and microbiological profile of @entity1036 caused by Corynebacterium spp. METHODS: The medical and microbiology records of 22 @entity1 , who had presented at the L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, between June 2009 and December 2012, and whose corneal scrapings had yielded significant growth of Corynebacterium spp, were retrospectively reviewed. A detailed ocular examination was performed before the respective corneal scraping was sent for a microbiological work-up. The data collected from each record included age, gender, predisposing factors (ocular and systemic), clinical presentation, management and outcome of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 43.8  24.4   years. Ocular predisposing factor was present in 14 (63.6%) eyes. Surgical intervention was required in 12 (54.5%) @entity1 . In vitro susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method) results of Corynebacterium spp to @entity2176 (17/19, 89.5%), @entity7048 (16/20, 80%), @entity2755 (11/20, 55%), @entity800 (13/19, 68.4%), @entity2177 (10/20, 50%) and @entity7046 (10/19, 52.6%) were variable. Drug resistance (more than one drug) was seen in nine (40.9%) Corynebacterium isolates, of which, two (22.2%) showed multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Corynebacteria can cause severe @entity281 requiring surgical intervention.

title: Corynebacterium spp as causative agents of microbial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['keratitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A decade ago we proposed to enlist for transplantation those @entity1 with resected @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in whom pathology registered pejorative histological markers (microvascular invasion and/or satellites) (ab initio indication) and not wait for the appearance of recurrence. This study evaluates the outcome of this approach. METHODS: From 1995 to 2012, 164 @entity1 with @entity157 underwent resection. Eighty-five @entity1 were potential candidates to liver transplantation (LT) and were considered for it upon detection of pejorative histological markers. @entity1 without these markers were followed and salvage LT was considered upon development of @entity5 recurrence/liver function impairment. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were at high-risk and 48 at low-risk of recurrence at pathology. Twenty-three out of 37 high-risk @entity1 recurred during follow-up, but in 9 of them the @entity5 burden extent contraindicated LT. Seventeen were finally transplanted: 10 of them presented recurrence at imaging/explant. After a median post-transplant follow-up of 50.9 months, @entity157 had recurred in 2 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 had died, the 5-year survival being 82.4%. Twenty-six of the 48 low-risk @entity1 developed recurrence and 11 of them were transplanted. After a median post-transplant follow-up of 59 months, two @entity1 developed recurrence and 5 died, their 5-year survival being 81.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Enlistment of @entity1 at high-risk of recurrence after resection before recurrence development seems a valid strategy and is associated with excellent long-term outcome. Since early (<6 months) recurrence reflects an aggressive @entity5 behavior leading to @entity5 extent exceeding transplant criteria, we propose to wait at least 6 months before enlistment. However, once included in the waiting list, priority strategies should be implemented in order to reach effective transplantation prior to the appearance of recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Prospective validation of "ab initio" liver transplantation in XXXX upon detection of risk factors for recurrence after resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical cardioprotective agent used to reduce @entity1188 size in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after anterior ST-elevation @entity583 . METHODS: Design: A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model. SETTING: The National Health Service in the UK. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing PCI after anterior ST-elevation @entity583 . INTERVENTIONS: A cardioprotective agent given at the time of reperfusion compared to no cardioprotection. We assumed the cardioprotective agent (given at the time of reperfusion) would reduce the risk and severity of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) after PCI and the risk of mortality after PCI (with a relative risk ranging from 0.6 to 1). The costs of the cardioprotective agent were assumed to be in the range   1000-4000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, using 95% CIs from 1000 simulations. RESULTS: Incremental costs ranged from   933 to   3820 and incremental QALYs from 0.04 to 0.38. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranged from   3311 to   63   480 per QALY gained. The results were highly dependent on the costs of a cardioprotective agent, @entity1 age, and the relative risk of @entity712 after PCI. The ICER was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of   20   000 per QALY gained in 71% of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS: A cardioprotective agent that can reduce the risk of @entity712 and mortality after PCI has a high chance of being cost-effective. This chance depends on the price of the agent, the age of the @entity1 and the relative risk of @entity712 after PCI.

title: Potential economic consequences of a cardioprotective agent for @entity1 with XXXX : modelling study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical cardioprotective agent used to reduce @entity1188 size in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after anterior ST-elevation @entity583 . METHODS: Design: A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model. SETTING: The National Health Service in the UK. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing PCI after anterior ST-elevation @entity583 . INTERVENTIONS: A cardioprotective agent given at the time of reperfusion compared to no cardioprotection. We assumed the cardioprotective agent (given at the time of reperfusion) would reduce the risk and severity of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) after PCI and the risk of mortality after PCI (with a relative risk ranging from 0.6 to 1). The costs of the cardioprotective agent were assumed to be in the range   1000-4000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, using 95% CIs from 1000 simulations. RESULTS: Incremental costs ranged from   933 to   3820 and incremental QALYs from 0.04 to 0.38. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranged from   3311 to   63   480 per QALY gained. The results were highly dependent on the costs of a cardioprotective agent, @entity1 age, and the relative risk of @entity712 after PCI. The ICER was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of   20   000 per QALY gained in 71% of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS: A cardioprotective agent that can reduce the risk of @entity712 and mortality after PCI has a high chance of being cost-effective. This chance depends on the price of the agent, the age of the @entity1 and the relative risk of @entity712 after PCI.

title: Potential economic consequences of a cardioprotective agent for XXXX with @entity583 : modelling study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2383 has been suggested as a major cause of age-induced decline in oocyte quality. In the past, donor oocyte cytoplasmic transfer showed some success but was abandoned due to the concerns with heteroplasmy. Recent studies indicated presence of oogonial precursor cells (OPCs) in the @entity1 ovary, which could be an autologous source of "healthy mitochondria." We sought to investigate the clinical efficacy of OPC-derived @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) to improve oocyte quality in @entity1 with multiple @entity52 ( @entity52 ) failures. METHODS: The OPCs were isolated from laparoscopically obtained ovarian cortical pieces by cell sorting using a monoclonal anti-vasa homolog (anti-DDX) antibody. They were then disrupted and mitochondria were isolated. Reconstituted mitochondria were injected into each oocyte during intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Paired comparisons were made between the first failed cycles and the post- @entity2383 cycles. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 undergoing ovarian stimulation, 2 were canceled and 3 decided to pool oocytes for later @entity2383 . In remaining 10 (mean age 34.7    4.1), @entity2383 significantly improved fertilization rates (49.7    31.3 vs 78.3    18.9; P = .03) with a trend for better embryo grades (2.3    0.3 vs 3.1    0.7; P = .08). Four of 10 @entity1 conceived after single frozen embryo transfer and 3 after confirmation of diploidy via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (clinical pregnancy/embryo transfer = 4/10). CONCLUSION: These data show encouraging results for @entity2383 in comparison to previous failed @entity52 cycles.

title: Oogonial Precursor Cell-Derived Autologous Mitochondria Injection to Improve Outcomes in XXXX With Multiple IVF Failures Due to Low Oocyte Quality: A Clinical Translation.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'Mitochondrial dysfunction', 'autologous mitochondrial injection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of @entity66 , a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. RESULTS: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause @entity294 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial @entity294 (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral @entity294 (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan @entity294 was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting @entity66 incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases', 'diarrhoeal disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diarrhoeal diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity523 leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), had established in Israel by 2010, attacking both @entity2194 and greenhouse crops. We searched for its natural enemies in @entity2194 , and tried to determine their potential for controlling this pest. We surveyed the local natural enemies in open @entity523 fields and measured their impact on pest populations in an unsprayed field. We assessed the suppressive ability of the dominant hemipteran predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, against T. absoluta under controlled laboratory conditions and evaluated the impact of its augmentation on T. absoluta control in @entity2194 . We found five natural enemy species: the predator, N. tenuis, two braconids, and two eulophids. Predation accounted for 64.5        9.2% (mean        SE) of T. absoluta larval mortality, whereas @entity4801 accounted for 20.9        7.5%. Together, they eliminated the pest population at @entity523 harvest time. Under controlled conditions, predation by N. tenuis rose from 58 to 72% with increased density of T. absoluta, suggesting positive density dependence. The @entity1619 . absoluta (83%) by N. tenuis was higher than that of @entity3745 (32%), suggesting a preference of N. tenuis for T. absoluta. Augmentation of N. tenuis was as effective as conventional treatment insecticide treatment, and plant damage was low and did not seem to affect yield. Results indicate that reduced pesticide use enables indigenous natural enemies, particularly N. tenuis, to successfully control T. absoluta and prevent crop damage in @entity2194 .

title: Control of the XXXX Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Open-Field Tomatoes by Indigenous Natural Enemies Occurring in Israel.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['open-field tomatoes']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of T']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: AIM: Although there have been regional population-based studies on the prevalence of @entity626 ( @entity626 ) and its risk factors in South Koreans, those studies in common had limited external validity. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of @entity626 and its risk factors using a complex sampling design. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 9512 @entity1 aged >=  50 years of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who were selected using two-step stratified clustered equal-probability systematic sampling. Radiographic @entity626 (RKOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=  2. Symptoms of @entity626 were evaluated through a health interview. Obesity was defined as a body mass index >=  27.5 kg/m(2) . Quality of life was measured by the Korean version of European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D). RESULTS: The prevalence of RKOA was 21.1% (95% CI: 19.6-22.8%) in @entity1 , and 43.8% (42.0-45.6%) in @entity1 . The prevalence of symptomatic RKOA (SRKOA) was 4.4% (3.8-5.2%) and 19.2% (17.9-20.6%) in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The EQ-5D index was lower in @entity1 with @entity626 . When plotted against mean age and prevalence of @entity28 , regions with a higher mean age and prevalence of @entity28 had higher prevalence of @entity626 , which was also observed at the individual level. The prevalence of SRKOA was 36.6% (29.7-44.1%) in @entity1 in Jeju province. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SRKOA in @entity1 reached 36.6% in high-risk groups accompanied by low quality of life. The results suggest that the disease burden of @entity626 is high in South Korea.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , risk factors, and quality of life: The Fifth Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Sixty-six @entity1 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity5 with @entity1603 . The excised @entity5 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity1068 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity982 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity7432 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity3162 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity5 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity463 multiforme, @entity2946 , and @entity3 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity424 , @entity11 , and moderately @entity816 . In highly @entity816 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity5 , such as @entity977 , @entity1653 , @entity5513 , were less than 1%, except in @entity2014 and a few cases of @entity1653 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity5 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity5 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity3162 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity5 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of @entity1 central nervous system tumors with XXXX ( @entity1603 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['mixed gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['5-bromodeoxyuridine']


abstract: Sixty-six @entity1 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity5 with @entity1603 . The excised @entity5 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity1068 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity982 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity7432 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity3162 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity5 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity463 multiforme, @entity2946 , and @entity3 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity424 , @entity11 , and moderately @entity816 . In highly @entity816 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity5 , such as @entity977 , @entity1653 , @entity5513 , were less than 1%, except in @entity2014 and a few cases of @entity1653 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity5 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity5 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity3162 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity5 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of @entity1 central nervous system tumors with @entity1603 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['BrdU']


abstract: Sixty-six @entity1 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity5 with @entity1603 . The excised @entity5 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity1068 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity982 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity7432 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity3162 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity5 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity463 multiforme, @entity2946 , and @entity3 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity424 , @entity11 , and moderately @entity816 . In highly @entity816 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity5 , such as @entity977 , @entity1653 , @entity5513 , were less than 1%, except in @entity2014 and a few cases of @entity1653 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity5 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity5 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity3162 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity5 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of XXXX central nervous system tumors with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 )].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to @entity19020 ( @entity19020 ). Studies have indicated a strong genetic background. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a breeding scheme involving auscultation and echocardiography. ANIMALS: In the Danish Kennel Club mandatory breeding scheme, 997 purebred CKCS were examined during the period 2002-2011. Each @entity235 was evaluated 1-4 times with a total of 1,380 examinations. METHODS: Auscultation and echocardiography were performed to evaluate @entity339 murmur severity and degree of @entity3454 ( @entity3454 ). The odds of having @entity339 murmur or @entity3454 > grade 1 in 2010-2011 compared to 2002-2003 were estimated using logistic regression analysis including age and sex as covariates. Odds were estimated for @entity235 that were products of the breeding scheme (defined as @entity235 with both parents approved by the breeding scheme before breeding) and non-products of the breeding scheme (defined as @entity235 with at least 1 parent with unknown cardiac status). RESULTS: In 2010-2011, the odds of having @entity339 murmur were 0.27 if @entity235 were a product of the breeding scheme compared with @entity235 in 2002-2003, reflecting a 73% decreased risk (P  <  .0001). If non-products of the breeding scheme examined in 2010-2011 were compared with @entity235 in 2002-2003, no difference in odds was found (P  =  .49). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A mandatory breeding scheme based on auscultation and echocardiography findings significantly decreased the prevalence of @entity19020 over the 8- to 10-year period. Such a breeding scheme therefore is recommended for CKCS.

title: Breeding Restrictions Decrease the Prevalence of Myxomatous XXXX in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels over an 8- to 10-Year Period.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'MVP']

entities_list: @entity19020 :: ('MESH:C563573', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous mitral valve disease', 'MMVD']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Valve Disease']


abstract: High pressure (>1.5 MPa) induces a series of disturbances of the nervous system that are generically termed @entity7909 ( @entity7909 ). @entity7909 is characterized by motor and @entity73 . The neocortex and the hippocampus are presumably involved in this last disorder. The medial perforant path (MPP) synapse onto the granule cells of the dentate gyrus is the main connection between these structures. We have studied @entity101 ( @entity101 ) effects on single and frequency response of this synapse. Since effects of @entity101 on various synapses were mimicked by reducing [ @entity141 ]o, results under these conditions were compared. Medial perforant path-evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded from granule cells in @entity35 brain slices. Slices were exposed to high pressure of helium (0.1-10.1 MPa) at 30 degrees C. @entity101 depressed single fEPSPs by 35 and 55% at 5.1 and 10.1 MPa, respectively, and increased paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at 10- to 40-ms inter-stimulus intervals. @entity308 ( @entity308 ) was enhanced by @entity101 during trains of stimuli at 50 but not at 25 Hz. @entity308 of single fEPSPs by reduction of [ @entity141 ]o from 2 mM control to 1 mM at normal pressure was equivalent to the effect of 10.1 MPa at control [ @entity141 ]o. However, this low [ @entity141 ]o induced greater enhancement of @entity2848 , and in contrast, turned @entity308 at 25-50 Hz into frequency-dependent potentiation. These results suggest that @entity101 depresses single synaptic release by reducing @entity141 entry, whereas slowing of synaptic frequency response is independent of @entity141 . These findings increase our understanding of @entity7909 experienced by deep divers.

title: Modulation of XXXX corticohippocampal synaptic activity by high pressure and extracellular calcium: single and frequency responses.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'FDD', 'Frequency-dependent depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'high-pressure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity7909 :: ('MESH:D006610', 'Disease') :: ['high-pressure nervous syndrome', 'HPNS']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Intraday activity of the adrenergic system was investigated in 7 healthy controls and in cirrhotic @entity1 without @entity843 (group 1, 7 cases) and with @entity843 (group 2, 9 cases) by determining the urinary @entity1063 and @entity17081 excretions at 4-h intervals for 24 h. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also recorded. In controls, the statistical evaluation by the cosinor method showed a circadian rhythm of such variables, with zenith in the morning and nadir at night. Intraday changes of urinary excretion of @entity1063 were closely related to arterial pressure and heart rate in most subjects. The most important change in cirrhotic @entity1 was the achronia [no detection of a statistically significant (p greater than 0.05) rhythm] in urinary excretion of @entity1063 and arterial pressure. This occurred not only in group 2 @entity1 , who had lower arterial pressure and higher NE mesors than controls (p less than 0.05), but also in group 1 @entity1 , whose mesors were comparable to controls. The statistical significance of heart rate rhythmicity was preserved in @entity1 , but its zenith was progressively displaced toward evening (group 1) and night hours (group 2, whose mesor was increased). Changes in urinary excretion of @entity17081 roughly paralleled those of @entity1063 both in controls and @entity1 , but they did not significantly increase even in the group with @entity843 . In both groups of cirrhotic @entity1 , the correlation between urinary excretion of @entity1063 , arterial pressure, and heart rate within the same subject was lost in most cases. This chronobiological study showed that the sympathoadrenergic activity can be deranged also in the early stages of @entity82 , and suggested that an altered control of cardiovascular homeostasis is present even under steady state conditions. This alteration might blunt adrenergic responses to stress conditions.

title: Chronobiological evaluation of sympathoadrenergic function in XXXX . Relationship with arterial pressure and heart rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The radiographic findings in 167 @entity1641 subjected to radiography of the facial area, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are recorded. Cases were grouped according to clinical diagnosis and the common and disparate radiographic features between and within groups are discussed. @entity7291 occurred most frequently and accounted for about 30 per cent of cases, most of which had periapical @entity281 . This disorder presented as two distinct clinical entities in almost equal numbers affected teeth with roots rostral to the maxillary sinus usually produced @entity4 , whereas those with roots within the sinus were generally associated with nasal discharge as a result of secondary @entity1244 . In the former group periapical changes could readily be identified on radiographs, but in the latter group affected teeth could be recognised with confidence in only about half the cases. Primary @entity1244 was the commonest specific condition recorded and accounted for 32 cases, three of which were mycotic. Using lateral erect projections, comparison of the radiographic features of primary @entity1244 and @entity1244 secondary to @entity7291 showed some useful differentiating signs. In four ponies, @entity2490 associated with @entity1244 led to disruption of the intra-nasal structures but mycotic @entity2490 , nasal ulceration and an intra-nasal foreign body produced no radiographic abnormalities. Sixteen cases of suture @entity1048 were recorded, with varying degrees of new bone formation, and of 13 animals presented for evaluation of @entity130 , pre-diagnosed @entity174 were @entity532 due to @entity1244 in three.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the XXXX . II. Radiological findings.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['demonstrated in 10 and complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental disease', 'Dental disease']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 (8 male) with @entity3807 ( @entity3807 ) were reviewed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 44 years. Five @entity1 (group 1) who had moderate @entity3885 were treated only by @entity230 . Six @entity1 (group 2) who presented with @entity3551 (and/or serious metabolic disturbances) were treated with a combination of surgery and @entity134 administration. Unilateral or bilateral ureterolysis was performed in 5 @entity1 . It was associated with nephrostomy in 2 cases and intraperitoneal disposition of the ureters in 1 case. @entity1002 without ureterolysis was performed in 1 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 5.5 years (5 months to 20 years). All @entity1 of group 1 now have normal renal function. In 5 @entity1 of group 2, renal function improved significantly after operation; one of them was started on regular dialysis 16 years later. In another @entity1 , @entity3807 recurred in the ureter of a living related renal graft 6 months after transplantation. In conclusion, @entity134 treatment alone offers a long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity3807 of moderate severity. Combined treatment must be recommended for @entity1 who present with severe @entity3885 and advanced @entity5507 .

title: XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3551 :: ('MESH:C536483', 'Disease') :: ['severe obstructive uropathy']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis', 'IRPF']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left nephrostomy']

answer: @entity3807 :: (MESH:D012185,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is a common and often disabling @entity2720 among adults that may result in impaired activity and daily function. A variety of treatment options are currently available and prescribed for knee @entity571 depending on the severity of the disorder and physician preference. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) injection is a treatment for knee @entity571 that reportedly provides numerous biochemical and biological benefits, including shock absorption, chondroprotection, and anti-inflammatory effects within the knee. Clarity is needed as to whether the available IA-HA products should be considered for therapy as a group or whether there are significant differences in the products that need to be considered in treatment of @entity571 of the knee. PURPOSE: To determine whether there are differences in efficacy and safety with respect to intrinsic properties of available IA-HA injections for knee @entity571 . STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of the Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases was conducted for all existing randomized trials of IA-HA. The primary outcome measure analyzed was the mean @entity158 score at the reported follow-up nearest to 26 weeks after injection. Pooled efficacy and safety results were recorded for subgroupings of HA product characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 68 studies were included for analysis. Products with an average molecular weight >= 3000 kDa provided favorable efficacy results when compared with products of an average molecular weight <3000 kDa. Products with a molecular weight >= 3000 kDa demonstrated significantly fewer discontinuations due to treatment-related adverse events than did  <=1500 kDa counterparts, while trial discontinuation rates were similar between biological fermentation-derived HA products and avian-derived HA. The results did not demonstrate a significant difference in the occurrence of effusion across molecular weight subgroups. Additionally, biological fermentation-derived HA had a significantly smaller incidence of effusion than did avian-derived HA. Biological fermentation-derived HA demonstrated fewer acute flare-ups at the injection site than did avian-derived HA products, while high-molecular-weight products demonstrated the highest rate of injection site flare-up. CONCLUSION: Despite similarities, IA-HA products should not be treated as a group, as there are differences in IA-HA products that influence both efficacy and safety. In the available literature, IA-HA products with a molecular weight >= 3000 kDa and those derived from biological fermentation relate to superior efficacy and safety-factors that may influence selection an IA-HA product for @entity571 of the knee.

title: Product Differences in Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acids for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disorder']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis of the Knee']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous @entity320 are @entity146 with an unpredictable biologic behavior. It has been suggested that @entity1 who present with @entity320 during pregnancy have a worse prognosis due to more aggressive behavior of the @entity320 . The objective of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effect of pregnancy on disease progression in @entity1 with Stage I-II @entity320 . METHODS: From 1965 to 2001, 46 pregnant @entity1 were treated for a Stage I-II @entity320 at the University Medical Center Groningen. These @entity1 were compared with an age-matched and gender-matched control group (nonpregnant) of 368 @entity1 with Stage I-II @entity320 . The @entity1 were staged according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification system for @entity320 . The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 in the pregnant group was 30 years (range, 18-46 years), and the median age of @entity1 in the nonpregnant group was 36 years (range, 17-45 years). The median follow-up was 109 months (range, 1-356 months). Pregnant @entity1 presented more often with thicker @entity320 (median, 2.0 mm vs. 1.7 mm; not statistically significant). No differences with regard to @entity5 location, histologic subtype, @entity5 @entity1066 , or vascular invasion were detected between the pregnant group and the nonpregnant group. There was no statistical difference in the 10-year DFS and 10-year OS rates between the two groups. The 10-year DFS rates for @entity1 in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 88% versus 86% for @entity1 with @entity320 and 67% versus 73% for @entity1 with @entity320 . The 10-year OS rates for @entity1 in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 94% versus 90% for @entity1 with @entity320 and 82% versus 81% for @entity1 with @entity320 . CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy does not appear to have an adverse, long-term effect on survival in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity320 . Further studies should address whether pregnant @entity1 present with thicker lesions and/or whether they have decreased DFS compared with nonpregnant @entity1 . The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity320 during pregnancy, as it relates to survival, still is dependent on @entity5 thickness and @entity1066 .

title: Pregnancy and early-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'Stage I melanoma', 'Stage II melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies suggested that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. In this study the effect of listening to instrumental classical vs. atonal contemporary music was examined in a group of 50 non-expert listeners. The subjects' heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were measured while they listened to music of different style and emotional typologies. Pieces were selected by asking a group of composers and conservatory professors to suggest a list of the most emotional music pieces (from Renaissance to present time). A total of 214 suggestions from 20 respondents were received. Then it was asked them to identify which pieces best induced in the listener feelings of @entity2146 , joy or pathos and the number of suggested pieces per style was computed. Atonal pieces were more frequently indicated as @entity2146 , and tonal pieces as joyful. The presence/absence of tonality in a musical piece did not affect the affective dimension of pathos (being touching). Among the most frequently cited six pieces were selected that were comparable for structure and style, to represent each emotion and style. They were equally evaluated as unfamiliar by an independent group of 10 students of the same cohort) and were then used as stimuli for the experimental session in which autonomic parameters were recorded. Overall, listening to atonal music (independent of the pieces' emotional characteristics) was associated with a reduced heart rate (fear @entity1168 ) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and @entity71 , and @entity148 . This evidence fits with the results of the esthetical assessment showing how, overall, atonal music is perceived as more @entity2146 and less joyful than tonal one.

title: Non-expert listeners show XXXX and increased blood pressure (fear @entity1168 ) in response to atonal music.

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention, psychological tension']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitating', 'agitation']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['decreased heart rate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies suggested that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. In this study the effect of listening to instrumental classical vs. atonal contemporary music was examined in a group of 50 non-expert listeners. The subjects' heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were measured while they listened to music of different style and emotional typologies. Pieces were selected by asking a group of composers and conservatory professors to suggest a list of the most emotional music pieces (from Renaissance to present time). A total of 214 suggestions from 20 respondents were received. Then it was asked them to identify which pieces best induced in the listener feelings of @entity2146 , joy or pathos and the number of suggested pieces per style was computed. Atonal pieces were more frequently indicated as @entity2146 , and tonal pieces as joyful. The presence/absence of tonality in a musical piece did not affect the affective dimension of pathos (being touching). Among the most frequently cited six pieces were selected that were comparable for structure and style, to represent each emotion and style. They were equally evaluated as unfamiliar by an independent group of 10 students of the same cohort) and were then used as stimuli for the experimental session in which autonomic parameters were recorded. Overall, listening to atonal music (independent of the pieces' emotional characteristics) was associated with a reduced heart rate (fear @entity1168 ) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and @entity71 , and @entity148 . This evidence fits with the results of the esthetical assessment showing how, overall, atonal music is perceived as more @entity2146 and less joyful than tonal one.

title: Non-expert listeners show @entity1168 and increased blood pressure (fear XXXX ) in response to atonal music.

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['bradycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 4 @entity1 who became excessively anticoagulated with the recommended or lower starting doses of @entity20806 during treatment for @entity882 ( @entity882 ) in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. CASE SUMMARY: Four @entity1 were treated with @entity20806 after confirmation of @entity882 after cardiac surgery. In 3 @entity1 , @entity20806 was initiated at the recommended starting dose of 2 micro g/kg/min; in 1 @entity1 , therapy was initiated at 1 micro g/kg/min. All @entity1 had relatively normal hepatic function. In all cases, the resulting activated partial thromboplastin time was supertherapeutic and exceeded 100 seconds in 3 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity20806 clearance appeared to be prolonged upon discontinuation. DISCUSSION: @entity20806 pharmacokinetics in critically ill @entity1 have not been investigated. Our case series demonstrates the potential over-anticoagulation that can occur in this @entity1 population despite relatively normal hepatic function. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event in these @entity1 was probably caused by administration of @entity20806 . CONCLUSIONS: Formal pharmacokinetic studies of @entity20806 are needed in critically ill @entity1 in order to optimize therapy.

title: Excessive XXXX anticoagulation for heparin-induced @entity882 .

entities_list: @entity20806 :: ('MESH:C031942', 'Chemical') :: ['Argatroban', 'argatroban']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II', 'HIT-II']

answer: @entity20806 :: (MESH:C031942,Chemical) :: ['argatroban']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 4 @entity1 who became excessively anticoagulated with the recommended or lower starting doses of @entity20806 during treatment for @entity882 ( @entity882 ) in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. CASE SUMMARY: Four @entity1 were treated with @entity20806 after confirmation of @entity882 after cardiac surgery. In 3 @entity1 , @entity20806 was initiated at the recommended starting dose of 2 micro g/kg/min; in 1 @entity1 , therapy was initiated at 1 micro g/kg/min. All @entity1 had relatively normal hepatic function. In all cases, the resulting activated partial thromboplastin time was supertherapeutic and exceeded 100 seconds in 3 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity20806 clearance appeared to be prolonged upon discontinuation. DISCUSSION: @entity20806 pharmacokinetics in critically ill @entity1 have not been investigated. Our case series demonstrates the potential over-anticoagulation that can occur in this @entity1 population despite relatively normal hepatic function. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event in these @entity1 was probably caused by administration of @entity20806 . CONCLUSIONS: Formal pharmacokinetic studies of @entity20806 are needed in critically ill @entity1 in order to optimize therapy.

title: Excessive @entity20806 anticoagulation for heparin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of @entity2117 in 30 @entity1 with @entity1709 using @entity8156 or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of S  o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 received three tubes of cream and were divided into two groups: group 1, one tube containing @entity8156 4% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen [sun protection factor (SPF) 25] for daily use; group 2, one tube containing skin whitening complex 5% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen (SPF 25). All of the tubes had the same appearance and the creams had the same characteristics. The only @entity1 who knew what was being used by each @entity1 on each side of the face was the pharmacist. A professional photographer took photographs before and after treatment, which lasted for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent observers and by the @entity1 themselves. Statistical evaluation was by the chi-squared and kappa methods. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 completed the study, with an overall improvement of 72% in comparison with placebo. Group 1 ( @entity8156 and placebo) presented an improvement of 76.9% with 25% side-effects, and group 2 (skin whitening complex and placebo) presented an improvement of 66.7% with 0% side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both depigmentation agents were useful in the treatment of @entity1709 . The @entity8156 group presented more collateral effects than the skin whitening complex group. Considering that the @entity1 showed Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI and the study was conducted in the summer, skin whitening complex seems to be an excellent choice for the treatment of @entity1709 .

title: A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with @entity8156 vs. placebo in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of @entity2117 in 30 @entity1 with @entity1709 using @entity8156 or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of S  o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 received three tubes of cream and were divided into two groups: group 1, one tube containing @entity8156 4% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen [sun protection factor (SPF) 25] for daily use; group 2, one tube containing skin whitening complex 5% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen (SPF 25). All of the tubes had the same appearance and the creams had the same characteristics. The only @entity1 who knew what was being used by each @entity1 on each side of the face was the pharmacist. A professional photographer took photographs before and after treatment, which lasted for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent observers and by the @entity1 themselves. Statistical evaluation was by the chi-squared and kappa methods. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 completed the study, with an overall improvement of 72% in comparison with placebo. Group 1 ( @entity8156 and placebo) presented an improvement of 76.9% with 25% side-effects, and group 2 (skin whitening complex and placebo) presented an improvement of 66.7% with 0% side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both depigmentation agents were useful in the treatment of @entity1709 . The @entity8156 group presented more collateral effects than the skin whitening complex group. Considering that the @entity1 showed Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI and the study was conducted in the summer, skin whitening complex seems to be an excellent choice for the treatment of @entity1709 .

title: A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with XXXX vs. placebo in the treatment of @entity1709 .

answer: @entity8156 :: (MESH:C031927,Chemical) :: ['hydroquinone']


abstract: During the 1960s, it was reported from Sweden that haemophiliacs with factor levels above 1% rarely develop @entity2720 . This observation suggested that severe @entity447 could be converted to a milder form by regular infusions with factor concentrate. After several earlier publications, a report was published in 1992 that detailed 25 years' experience with prophylaxis in 60 @entity1 from the Malm   centre. The results showed that starting prophylaxis early in life with a dose regimen that would prevent factor VIII or IX plasma levels from falling below 1% could prevent the development of @entity2720 . Also, older age groups who had received less intensive treatment, and who started prophylaxis later in life, were still in a much better condition than historic controls. In the 1970s several small but well-controlled studies from the USA, Germany and Italy clearly showed the benefit of prophylaxis in reducing @entity548 frequency. Early experience from the Netherlands was published in 1971. Since these early studies, the results have been corroborated from many countries and in a large multinational study. Although the benefits of prophylaxis seem unquestionable, several research questions remain to be better elucidated, such as when to start and when to stop, dosing and dose interval, and how to assess the long-term treatment effects. These issues are of great economic importance, and the need for health economical studies is obvious.

title: Prophylactic therapy for XXXX : early experience.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although selective @entity75 is expected to be a promising neuroprotective treatment, the thermal distribution under @entity2332 is not fully investigated. We applied selective head cooling to seven newborn piglets under general anesthesia in order to investigate the mechanism of cooling. METHODS: Seven healthy, large white piglets aged within 5 days after birth were studied. Temperatures were monitored at the superficial brain (0.5 cm), deep brain (2.0 cm), scalp skin, nasopharynx, tympanum, esophagus, and rectum. A radiant heater and a warmer blanket were used to maintain the normal rectal temperature (38.5-39 degrees C). For the first piglet, the coolant temperature was widely changed from 15 degree C to - 20 degree C in order to define the practical range. Subsequently, the coolant temperature was set at 10 degree C, 0 degree C, and - 10 degree C for the remaining six piglets. The target deep brain temperature was set at 35 degree C, as the same reduction of brain temperature might provide moderate @entity75 in the @entity1 neonate. RESULTS: With 0 degree C coolant temperature, the deep brain temperature was cooled to 35 degree C; however, the scalp skin attached to the cooling cap became broadly blotchy and injured in all animals. When we induced minimal @entity2332 by 1C for a cohort of three piglets, the deep brain temperature decreased in parallel with the rectal temperature, which enabled us to achieve the target temperature with 10 degrees C coolant without injuring the scalp skin. The scalp skin and nasopharyngeal temperatures were good predictors of both superficial and deep-brain temperatures throughout the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that moderate @entity75 may be applied to newborn @entity1 without inducing moderate @entity2332 .

title: Brain temperature in newborn piglets under selective head cooling with minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'systemic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['systemic hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 ( @entity385 ) is a common disease, often resulting in @entity204 or disability. Previous studies on prognosis of @entity64 mainly focused on the baseline condition or modern expensive tests. However, the change of clinical symptoms during acute stage is considerably neglected. In our study, we aim to develop a new prognostic scale to predict the 90-day outcome of @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a secondary data analysis was performed on 489 @entity1 extracted from 1046 @entity1 of 4 hospitals. A new prognostic scale was constructed to predict the recovery of @entity385 mainly based on the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score, traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms _ signs and the changes during the first 3  days of @entity1 in the 3 TCM hospitals. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff point for prediction. In the end, the scale was used to test the outcome of @entity385 @entity1 in Xuanwu hospital. RESULTS: The new prognostic scale was composed of 8 items including age degree (OR   =   3.32; 95  % CI: 1.72-6.42), history of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (OR   =   2.20; 95  % CI: 1.19-4.08), NIHSS score (OR   =   3.08; 95  % CI: 2.16-4.40), @entity148 (OR   =   3.17; 95  % CI: 1.90-5.29) and @entity146 (OR   =   4.61; 95  % CI: 1.36-15.63) on the 1st day of illness onset, change in NIHSS score (OR   =   2.49; 95  % CI: 1.31-4.73), and circumrotating (OR   =   7.80; 95  % CI: 1.98-30.64) and @entity392 (OR   =   13.25; 95  % CI: 1.55-113.34) during the first 3  days of @entity64 onset. The total score of the scale was 16.5 and the cutoff point was 9.5, which means @entity1 would have poor outcome at 90  days of @entity64 onset if the score was higher than 9.5. The new scale was validated on the data of Xuanwu hospital, and the value of its sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 69.6 %, 83.3 % and 75.0  % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-item scale, mainly based on TCM symptoms, NIHSS score and their changes during the first 3  days, can predict the 90-day outcome for @entity385 @entity1 while it still needs to be further validated and optimized clinically.

title: A new prognostic scale for the early prediction of XXXX recovery mainly based on traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and NIHSS score: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventilation monitoring practice for intubated pediatric @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) during interfacility transport (IFT) has not been well documented. We describe the difference of practices in ventilation monitoring during IFT from the perspective of a level I pediatric @entity130 center with an enormous catchment area. METHODS: @entity1 admitted between July 2008 and September 2013 at Winnipeg Health Science Center, Canada, were examined in this retrospective chart review. All @entity1 with severe @entity131 were intubated in regional health centers and required transport to the level 1 @entity130 center. Injuries due to inflicted @entity542 (<5  years of age), @entity64 , drowning, and @entity1763 were excluded. @entity1 characteristics, injury data, ventilation monitoring, and transport metrics were obtained from a regional health center, and transport and @entity130 center charts. RESULTS: Thirty four @entity1 were studied. Specialty transport teams utilized ventilation monitoring significantly more often (95 vs. 23  %; p   <   0.001) than non-specialized ground transport. Specialty teams were more likely to obtain a blood gas prior to departure (74 vs. 0  %; p   =   0.037) if end-tidal monitoring was used. Among unmonitored ground transport @entity1 , mean transport time was 69.1  min. CONCLUSIONS: Non-specialized ground IFT teams did not reliably monitor ventilation in intubated severe pediatric @entity131 @entity1 . Blood gas monitoring was not a ubiquitous practice for either team. Optimal ventilation monitoring strategies for severe pediatric @entity131 may require both blood gas and end-tidal monitoring.

title: Ventilation monitoring for severe pediatric XXXX during interfacility transport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The risk of developing @entity356 has been investigated in a case-control study and in a prospective investigation. In the case-control study, 1495 cases of @entity356 were identified in five city hospitals and matched with autopsy controls from the same hospitals. The frequency of operations for benign @entity1066 [partial gastrectomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy] was similar in the two groups. Thus, there was no increased risk for late @entity356 after an @entity1066 operation. A total of 140 operated @entity1066 subjects [80 truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD), 60 PG and 78 nonoperated cases attending with @entity2210 (C)] were examined by endoscopy, multiple gastric biopsy and analysis of gastric juice for @entity3542 . Biopsies were graded for @entity3621 and a @entity3621 index was derived (normal, 1; superficial @entity3621 , 2; chronic @entity4726 : mild, 3; moderate, 4; severe, 5). More @entity4726 was found in operated subjects than in controls: TVD, 2.3 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE); PG, 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus C, 1.8 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01. The severity of @entity4726 increased after an operation interval of 20 years in PG subjects (p less than 0.05). @entity1944 was a common change, but unequivocal @entity5115 was not observed. Two cases of operated @entity5 were found. High levels of @entity3542 were positively correlated with pH and a high @entity3621 index. This evidence does not suggest that @entity1066 surgery leads to either an increased risk of @entity5 or a @entity1613 .

title: An investigation of possible risk factors associated with @entity356 after benign XXXX operations.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous condition']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: The risk of developing @entity356 has been investigated in a case-control study and in a prospective investigation. In the case-control study, 1495 cases of @entity356 were identified in five city hospitals and matched with autopsy controls from the same hospitals. The frequency of operations for benign @entity1066 [partial gastrectomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy] was similar in the two groups. Thus, there was no increased risk for late @entity356 after an @entity1066 operation. A total of 140 operated @entity1066 subjects [80 truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD), 60 PG and 78 nonoperated cases attending with @entity2210 (C)] were examined by endoscopy, multiple gastric biopsy and analysis of gastric juice for @entity3542 . Biopsies were graded for @entity3621 and a @entity3621 index was derived (normal, 1; superficial @entity3621 , 2; chronic @entity4726 : mild, 3; moderate, 4; severe, 5). More @entity4726 was found in operated subjects than in controls: TVD, 2.3 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE); PG, 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus C, 1.8 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01. The severity of @entity4726 increased after an operation interval of 20 years in PG subjects (p less than 0.05). @entity1944 was a common change, but unequivocal @entity5115 was not observed. Two cases of operated @entity5 were found. High levels of @entity3542 were positively correlated with pH and a high @entity3621 index. This evidence does not suggest that @entity1066 surgery leads to either an increased risk of @entity5 or a @entity1613 .

title: An investigation of possible risk factors associated with XXXX after benign @entity1066 operations.

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity6 not only requires correction of an @entity2690 deficiency but it also demands adequate @entity2690 delivery. A short historical review is given over the first 60 years of @entity2690 treatment, where emphasis was mainly on the correction of @entity2690 deficiency. Despite concerted efforts, metabolic results were often poor, and there was a high incidence of late complications, which will be described briefly. A major aim of new treatment approaches, which emphasizes better routes of @entity2690 delivery, is the prevention or reversal of these late complications. Closed-loop systems are infusion systems located outside the body which deliver @entity2690 according to @entity413 values that are measured continuously. The state of the art for such systems will be described with examples of clinical applications and results. These systems aid and stimulate research, but offer no long-term application for treatment. Open-loop systems are portable, both external and implantable, and lack an accurate @entity413 sensor so that the loop can be closed. A number of @entity2690 delivery systems have been developed in this category ranging from highly complex, fully implantable units, programable from outside, to simple basal-rate infusion pumps. Various pumps are designed to be used with varying delivery routes, and the evaluation of different routes will be a vital topic in this article. Pros and cons of the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes will be discussed, with supporting research referenced. Clinical experience will be cited for both the complex and the simple infusion systems. Other topics to be covered include feasibility of long-term treatment, complications of this new treatment approach, guidelines for @entity1 instruction and supervision, requirements for treatment of large @entity1 groups with pumps in a modern @entity6 center, requirements for the physician, the influence of improved metabolic control on late complications (prevention or regression), the possibility for a portable closed-loop system, and future outlook. The primary author is the founder of an international study group on @entity6 treatment with implantable @entity2690 delivery devices. The common goals of this study group will also be presented. Special emphasis will be placed on a differentiated approach to treatment of Type I and @entity2175 with a family of devices. Clinical work and results from a large @entity1 group will be included throughout.

title: Controlled drug delivery in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic @entity490 is subject for criticism. In this prospective study, we analyze factors that encourage or discourage the indication for therapeutic laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity490 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and in case of adhesions, they underwent adhesiolysis. @entity158 relief was assessed, and the individual impact of variables on @entity158 relief was determined. Laparoscopy was performed in 224 @entity1 . Two hundred @entity1 had only adhesions and underwent primary laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Three months after adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity1 were @entity158 -free or had @entity158 . The remaining 26% of the @entity1 felt no change (22%) or had more @entity158 (4%). Gender, age, and bowel perforation leading to a laparotomy appear to be individual factors significantly influencing @entity158 relief. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis can be done (almost) completely in 92% of @entity1 with adhesions. After laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity1 had good results and 4% had more @entity158 . The complication rate is high.

title: A prospective analysis of predictive factors on the results of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic @entity490 is subject for criticism. In this prospective study, we analyze factors that encourage or discourage the indication for therapeutic laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity490 underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, and in case of adhesions, they underwent adhesiolysis. @entity158 relief was assessed, and the individual impact of variables on @entity158 relief was determined. Laparoscopy was performed in 224 @entity1 . Two hundred @entity1 had only adhesions and underwent primary laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Three months after adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity1 were @entity158 -free or had @entity158 . The remaining 26% of the @entity1 felt no change (22%) or had more @entity158 (4%). Gender, age, and bowel perforation leading to a laparotomy appear to be individual factors significantly influencing @entity158 relief. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis can be done (almost) completely in 92% of @entity1 with adhesions. After laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 74% of @entity1 had good results and 4% had more @entity158 . The complication rate is high.

title: A prospective analysis of predictive factors on the results of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in XXXX with chronic @entity490 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Laparoscopic repair of ventral abdominal wall hernias involves intraperitoneal placement of a mesh, which may lead to adhesion formation and bowel fistulation. The first series of selected @entity1 with ventral abdominal wall hernias treated laparoscopically by extraperitoneal placement of a @entity7502 mesh is presented. Thirty-four @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ; median age, 52 years [range, 34-70]) were selected from among 122 @entity1 undergoing @entity4037 repair. Of these @entity1 , 18 had a primary ventral @entity4036 and 16 had an incisional @entity547 . After reduction of sac contents and adhesiolysis intraperitoneally, a large flap of peritoneum (with extraperitoneal fat, fascia, and posterior rectus sheath where present) was raised to accommodate a suitably sized @entity7502 mesh, which was then covered again with the peritoneal flap at the end of the procedure. Intraoperatively, apart from circumcision of the hernial sac at the neck, a total of 24 iatrogenic peritoneal tears occurred in 20 @entity1 , mainly at the site of the previous scar. In two @entity1 , it was observed that greater than 25% of the mesh was exposed after the procedure. The median (+/-SD) duration of hospitalization postoperatively was 1 day (+/-0.56). One @entity1 's @entity547 recurred 4 months after surgery, and one @entity1 's infected mesh was removed 8 months after surgery. Laparoscopic extraperitoneal placement of a mesh is feasible and appears to be an advance over laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement for ventral abdominal wall hernias in selected @entity1 . However, longer follow-up and controlled clinical trials will be necessary before any firm conclusions can be drawn.

title: XXXX repair with extraperitoneal mesh: surgical technique and early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia']


abstract: There are several methods for treatment of @entity5572 . These include drainage by open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or percutaneous catheterization. In this report a new therapeutic approach is presented. A 47-year-old @entity1 admitted to the hospital had an abscess 12 cm in diameter, originating from the left liver lobe. After the @entity1 's permission was obtained, a laparoscopic trocar was inserted into the abscess with the @entity1 under local anesthesia in the operating room. A 28-French chest tube catheter was introduced through the trocar cannula, and approximately 1,000 mL of pus was drained. There were no complications, and the @entity1 was discharged on the same day. After computed tomography showed an obliterated @entity733 , the drain was removed on postoperative day 7. The pus culture, performed on the day of surgery, was found to be positive for @entity526 , which was responsive to cefaclor. Oral antibiotic therapy was given for 1 month. At follow-up 2 months after surgery, the @entity1 was asymptomatic. This report describes the first case of a @entity5572 drained by a laparoscopic trocar with local anesthesia. This method can be the treatment of choice for some easily accessible liver abscesses.

title: XXXX via laparoscopic trocar with local anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavity']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5572 :: (MESH:D008100,Disease) :: ['Drainage of liver abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The " @entity751 ," caused by migration of the internal bumper into the gastric walls, is a rare complication of @entity970 . The internal bumper becomes completely overgrown by gastric mucosa. Localization of internal bumpers in relation to the layers of the gastric wall was investigated with catheter probe US to define the optimal therapeutic strategy for @entity970 removal. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with the @entity751 were encountered within 40 months. The internal bumper was localized endosonographically within the gastric and abdominal layers with a 20 MHz catheter US probe. In case of intramural localization, endoscopic extraction was attempted; extramurally located bumpers were removed surgically. OBSERVATIONS: In 8 @entity1 with an intramural internal bumper, endoscopic @entity970 removal was achieved without major complication. Mild bleeding after needle knife incision in one case was successfully treated by clip application. In the 3 remaining @entity1 with extragastric localization of the bumper, the @entity970 was surgically removed. CONCLUSION: The position of the internal bumper within the layers of the gastric and abdominal wall can be determined by EUS with high-resolution catheter probes, thereby indicating the appropriate therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX : treatment guided by catheter probe US.

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['buried bumper syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Buried bumper syndrome']


abstract: The authors describe the case history of a @entity1 who suffered from symptoms deriving from two different origins. The @entity1 's voice was @entity7364 interrupted and pressed. At the same time, his voice was powerless, too. The reason for this was that besides the @entity7364 caused by @entity2915 , an incomplete closure of the vocal cords during phonation in the middle third was present. It was caused by the @entity49360 . In order to eliminate the symptoms, initially we injected 25 IU Botox into the left vocal cord transcutaneously under the direction of EMG control. It resulted in a fluent, though breathy voice. In order to manage the closing insufficiency during phonation, we performed lipoaugmentation on the left vocal cord under high-frequency jet anaesthesia. The result of the two-step procedure was a fluent and clear voice. The speech without interruption lasted for 5 months, until the drug was eliminated. Of course, to prolong the result, the Botox injection should be repeated.

title: XXXX combined with insufficient glottic closure by phonation.

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesis']

entities_list: @entity49360 :: ('MESH:C563562', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the vocal cords']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic dysphonia-like', 'spasmodic dysphonia']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['Spasmodic dysphonia']


abstract: This prospective study was carried out in order to assess the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of @entity82 . One hundred and twenty eight alcoholic @entity1 were included. A careful ultrasonographic examination of the liver was performed before liver biopsy (100 @entity1 ). In 15 cases, liver histology was normal, @entity1560 and/or @entity82 , @entity82 were diagnosed in 13 and 72 cases respectively. Ultrasonic patterns were classified by the same examiner, according to several criteria: volume, irregular outline, coarse and fine bright echo pattern, attenuation of the ultrasound beam, @entity381 , @entity843 , portal @entity101 . @entity82 was diagnosed in 58 out of 72 @entity1 (80.5%). Specificity was 78.5%, positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 61% respectively, and global efficacy was 80%. Irregular outline (0.66), @entity382 (0.66) and attenuation of the ultrasound beam (0.64) were the best signs. In case of fine bright echo pattern, the diagnosis of @entity82 would be missed. The results suggest that ultrasonography is a good test for screening alcoholics for @entity82 . Therefore, it is useful when liver biopsy is contra indicated or refused or when liver is not detected at the clinical examination.

title: [Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhoses. Prospective study of 128 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its inception, the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology ( @entity14764 ) has been widely adopted. Each category conveys a risk of @entity5 and recommended next steps, though it is unclear if each category also predicts the type and extent of @entity5 . If so, this would greatly expand the utility of the @entity14764 by providing prognostic information in addition to baseline @entity5 risk. METHODS: All @entity1 prospectively enrolled into the authors' thyroid nodule database from 1995 to 2013 with histologically proven @entity5 were analyzed. The primary ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (AUS, atypia of unknown significance; @entity5 ; SUSP, suspicious; M, malignant) was correlated with the type of @entity259 and histological features known to impact prognosis and recurrence, including lymph node @entity3 (LNM), @entity3 , and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). Primary cytology was separately correlated with higher risk @entity5 . RESULTS: A total of 1291 @entity5 were identified, with primary cytology AUS in 130 cases, FN in 241 cases, SUSP in 411 cases, and M in 509 cases. AUS, SUSP, and M cytology were progressively associated with an increasing risk of high-risk disease (p   <   0.001), LNM (p   <   0.001), ETE (p   <   0.001), and margin positivity (p   <   0.001). Notably, 71% of @entity5 with AUS cytology were follicular variants of @entity3557 compared with 63% with SUSP cytology and only 20% with M cytology. In contrast, high-risk @entity5 were diagnosed in only 4% with AUS cytology, but 9% and 27% with SUSP and M cytology, respectively. FN conveyed a significantly increased risk of @entity259 compared with all other types (28% vs. 2%; p   <   0.001). A composite endpoint of recurrence, distant metastases, and @entity204 similarly increased as cytology progressed from AUS to SUSP to M (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: In addition to predicting @entity5 prevalence, the @entity14764 also imparts important prognostic information about @entity5 type, variant, and risk of recurrence. These data extend the utility of @entity14764 classification by fostering an improved understanding of the risk posed by any confirmed @entity5 .

title: Bethesda Categorization of Thyroid Nodule Cytology and Prediction of XXXX Type and Prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['FN, follicular neoplasm', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'follicular thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: @entity11224 containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity35 were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using @entity3584 fixation and an antiserum developed against a @entity11224 - @entity3584 -protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using @entity2227 decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong @entity3584 fixation that limits the diffusion of @entity11224 limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography.

title: Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of XXXX in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11224 :: ('CHEBI:30566', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyrate', 'gamma-Aminobutyrate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity11224 :: (CHEBI:30566,Chemical) :: ['gamma-aminobutyrate']