abstract: BACKGROUND: Communicating @entity600 (CBPFM) type IA is extremely rare and is associated with a high mortality rate. This @entity600 manifests with communication between the lung and the foregut, and this can lead to esophageal @entity1146 and @entity4501 (EA- @entity10859 ) to the distal pouch. PURPOSE: To detail radiographic findings of CBPFM type IA cases and to summarize an appropriate therapeutic strategy for the management of this disorder. METHODS: Medical data for two @entity1 with CBPFM type IA were retrospectively reviewed with regard to radiographic characteristics, therapy, and outcome. RESULTS: Both cases were initially misdiagnosed due to the presence of EA- @entity10859 . Unusual atelectasis of the lateral lung was observed in chest radiographs, while non-aerated hypoplastic right lung and agenesis of the right main bronchus were detected by computed tomography. A final diagnosis was made by esophagogram. Only one @entity1 survived following surgery. CONCLUSION: CBPFM type IA is a rare condition and is extremely difficult to diagnose. However, CBPFM type IA should be suspected in @entity1 manifesting EA and atelectasis of a unilateral lung on a chest radiograph. The decision to perform a pneumonectomy or bronchoplasty depends on the degree of exiting permitted due to @entity358 assessed by computed tomography.

title: Communicating XXXX : radiologic anatomy and clinical dilemmas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary foregut malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary foregut malformation type IA']


abstract: AIM: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and elevated BMI in the USA is poorly defined. We aimed to test the hypothesis that @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 who are overweight or @entity28 have increased frequencies of @entity101 , @entity2299 , and micro-/macroalbuminuria compared to their healthy weight peers. METHODS: We studied 11,348 @entity1 2 to <18  years of age enrolled in T1D Exchange between September 2010 and August 2012 with type 1 @entity6 for >= 1  year and BMI  >=   5th age-/sex-adjusted percentile (mean age 12  years, 49  % female, 78  % non-Hispanic White). Overweight and @entity28 were defined based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Diagnoses of @entity101 , @entity2299 , and micro-/macroalbuminuria were obtained from medical records. Logistic and linear regression models were used to assess factors associated with weight status. RESULTS: Of the 11,348 @entity1 , 22  % were overweight and 14  % @entity28 . @entity101 and @entity2299 were diagnosed in 1.0  % and 3.8  % of @entity1 , respectively; micro-/macroalbuminuria was diagnosed in 3.8  % of @entity1 with available data (n  =  7,401). The odds of either @entity101 or @entity2299 were higher in @entity28 than healthy weight @entity1 [OR 3.5, 99  % confidence interval (CI) 2.0-6.1 and 2.2, 99  % CI 1.6-3.1, respectively]. Obese @entity1 tended to be diagnosed with micro-/macroalbuminuria less often than healthy weight @entity1 (OR 0.6, 99  % CI 0.4-1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 have a higher prevalence of @entity101 and @entity2299 than healthy weight @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 . The possible association of @entity28 with lower micro-/macroalbuminuria rates warrants further investigation.

title: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 XXXX and elevated body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Carotid blowout syndrome due to @entity3538 in @entity11408 @entity1 with prior neck radiation is an uncommon but life-threatening complication. Concomitant @entity543 with @entity385 and carotid rupture from @entity2849 is rare. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old @entity1 had a history of @entity11408 treated with radiation therapy 26 years ago. He was admitted to the hospital because of minor @entity385 and tarry stool. The carotid duplex sonography disclosed severe @entity75 in the proximal right internal carotid artery. A subsequent recurrent @entity64 on day three associated with nasal cavity bleeding resulted in an endotracheal intubation. Another episodic of @entity1415 occurred on day 10 caused @entity3485 shock. @entity3538 was found by emergent angiography and was immediately obliterated by endovascular treatment with microcoils and glue. CONCLUSION: Carotid blowout syndrome in @entity11408 @entity1 during acute @entity385 warrants further cervical angiographic study. Endovascular treatment provides immediate hemostasis and obliteration of @entity6455 @entity2849 .

title: Massive Epistaxis from Internal Carotid Pseudoaneurysm during Acute XXXX in a @entity1 with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['stenotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['massive epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm', 'Pseudoaneurysm of the left internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Carotid blowout syndrome due to @entity3538 in @entity11408 @entity1 with prior neck radiation is an uncommon but life-threatening complication. Concomitant @entity543 with @entity385 and carotid rupture from @entity2849 is rare. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old @entity1 had a history of @entity11408 treated with radiation therapy 26 years ago. He was admitted to the hospital because of minor @entity385 and tarry stool. The carotid duplex sonography disclosed severe @entity75 in the proximal right internal carotid artery. A subsequent recurrent @entity64 on day three associated with nasal cavity bleeding resulted in an endotracheal intubation. Another episodic of @entity1415 occurred on day 10 caused @entity3485 shock. @entity3538 was found by emergent angiography and was immediately obliterated by endovascular treatment with microcoils and glue. CONCLUSION: Carotid blowout syndrome in @entity11408 @entity1 during acute @entity385 warrants further cervical angiographic study. Endovascular treatment provides immediate hemostasis and obliteration of @entity6455 @entity2849 .

title: Massive Epistaxis from Internal Carotid Pseudoaneurysm during Acute @entity385 in a XXXX with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are often treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) in hopes of downstaging their disease for potential surgical resection. We hypothesized that increasing the radiation dose to the area of the @entity5 abutting the vessel(s) of concern would increase the rate of surgical resection in @entity1 with borderline resectable @entity788 (BRPAC) and locally advanced @entity788 (LAPAC) treated with NACRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of BRPAC and LAPAC treated with NACRT from January 2006 to December 2013, with or without a vessel boost (VB), at a single institution. The primary endpoints were rate of R0/R1 potentially curative surgical resection and acute @entity137 . Univariate analysis with the Fisher exact test was performed to evaluate the effect of each variable. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the following covariates: year of diagnosis, age, sex, @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level at diagnosis, and BRPAC or LAPAC. RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 identified, 22% (n = 23) received a VB (median, 54 Gy; range, 54-64 Gy), and 78% (n = 81) received no boost (median, 50.4 Gy; range, 48.6-52.2 Gy). More @entity1 in the VB group were treated from 2010 to 2013 (P < .001) and with intensity modulated radiation therapy (P = .002). Other baseline characteristics were balanced. After adjustment for covariates, there was a statistical trend toward increased surgical resection in @entity1 who received a VB (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-8.57; P = .077). Age (>= 70 years; OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16-1.05; P = .064) and LAPAC (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.09-1.09; P = .068) also trended toward significance. CA19-9 >= 47.9 U/mL (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.71; P = .010) was significant on multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in acute or late @entity137 between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our retrospective series, dose escalation was associated with an improved surgical resection rate in BRPAC and LAPAC @entity1 treated with NACRT, although this improvement was not statistically significant.

title: Dose escalation with a vessel boost in XXXX treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PAC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In three groups of subjects we studied @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and ventilatory responses to progressive @entity519 , steady-state @entity2944 with and without @entity519 , and hyperoxic and @entity519 breathholding (BH). Groups were six subjects about 25 years after bilateral carotid body resection (BR), eight subjects of an equally long period after unilateral resection (UR), and three control subjects similar to the study groups in age and pulmonary function (C). During progressive @entity519 , @entity299 increased more in BR than in UR and C subjects. Ventilatory response was lowest in BR subjects (as expected). Steady-state @entity519 @entity2944 (end-tidal @entity4095 , 60 Torr) depressed @entity299 significantly more in C than in BR and UR subjects. Again, ventilatory response was lower in BR than in C subjects. @entity299 progressively increased during BH initiated in @entity871 (end-tidal @entity4095 , 200 Torr) and @entity519 (end-tidal @entity4095 , 70 Torr). In the BR group, the @entity299 increment during @entity519 was significantly larger than that during @entity871 . No such difference was apparent in UR and C groups. Thus, @entity519 with or without @entity2944 tends to accelerate @entity299 in BR subjects whereas either less @entity591 or slowing is seen in UR and C subjects.

title: Bilateral carotid body resection in man enhances XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'eucapnic hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['hypoxic tachycardia']


abstract: AIM: To analyse changes in prevalence, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes relating to smoking among undergraduate nursing and physiotherapy students over a 10-year period. BACKGROUND: Few studies have been performed to describe changes in the use of @entity286 and associated characteristics. DESIGN: This study was a sequential cross-sectional study. METHODS: A self-administered survey was performed during three academic years among nursing and physiotherapy students in a Spanish Faculty of Health Sciences. FINDINGS: The proportion of smokers among nursing and physiotherapy students in 2003, 2008 and 2013 was 29  3%, 24  7% and 18  2% respectively. The ages when @entity1 first smoked did not vary over the years. The Fagerstr  m test showed low @entity1239 @entity734 . A significantly high percentage of students stated they were unaware of the link between smoking and @entity150 and @entity8407 . Students declared they were unaware of the association between under-weight new-borns and second-hand smoke. The majority of students recognized that healthcare professionals were role models in society, there being little variation over the years studied. In relation to education and training, the study showed a need to inform students about methods and strategies to help @entity1 quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking among nursing and physiotherapy students decreased over the ten years. Active programmes should be implemented to encourage those university students who smoke to break this habit. The decline over the years in knowledge about smoking provided evidence of a significant deficit in undergraduate training.

title: Changes in use, knowledge, beliefs and attitudes relating to XXXX among nursing and physiotherapy students: a 10-year analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: To implement and assess an evidence-based 7-hour continuing education program for Indiana oral health care practitioners on @entity286 use, dependence and treatment using a team-based approach. Program effectiveness was assessed by @entity1 ' reported increase in knowledge and the extent to which they implemented course concepts and strategies into dental practice. METHODS: Course attendees' study participation was based on agreeing to provide their contact information and to complete two surveys (an 18 item post-session and 14 item 3-month follow-up) which captured their self-reported knowledge and application of course concepts. Surveys included open-ended and multiple choice (dichotomous or 5-point Likert scale) items. Follow-up surveys were mailed / delivered electronically to @entity1 ; non-responders were sent two reminders. De-identified data were analyzed in an aggregate using descriptive statistics, percentages and counts. RESULTS: Eleven programs were attended by 626 practitioners. Initial survey response rate was 91% (565); hygienists (70%), dentists (25%); unidentified (5%). Most indicated the program enhanced their knowledge of most course concepts; 98% (522) planned to use learned communication strategies. Of dentists, 90% (113) planned to refer to the Indiana quitline and 60% (71) planned to provide @entity1 cessation materials. Follow-up response rate was 40% (250); 79% (184) reported implementing cessation communication strategies. One-third of respondents reported referring @entity1 to the quitline for counseling. CONCLUSION: Continuing education for oral health providers in understanding @entity286 use, dependence and treatment may be beneficial to enhance their capacity and willingness to integrate @entity286 cessation interventions into oral healthcare settings. However, this does not necessarily assure that they will change their practice behaviors by utilizing the learned concepts and skills with @entity1 .

title: Increasing XXXX Intervention Strategies by Oral Health Practitioners in Indiana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During a @entity583 , no single best approach of systemic anticoagulation is recommended, likely due to a lack of comparative effectiveness studies and trade-offs between treatments. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the patterns of use and site-level variability in anticoagulant strategies (unfractionated heparin [UFH] only, low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH] only, UFH+LMWH, any bivalirudin) of 63 796 @entity1 with a principal diagnosis of @entity583 treated with an early invasive strategy with percutaneous coronary intervention at 257 hospitals. About half (47%) of @entity1 received UFH only, 6% UFH+LMWH, 7% LMWH only, and 40% bivalirudin. Compared with UFH, the median odds ratio was 2.90 for LMWH+UFH, 4.70 for LMWH only, and 3.09 for bivalirudin, indicating that 2 "identical" @entity1 would have a 3- to 4-fold greater likelihood of being treated with anticoagulants other than UFH at one hospital compared with another. We then categorized hospitals as low- or high-users of LMWH and bivalirudin. Using hierarchical, multivariate regression models, we found that low bivalirudin-using hospitals had higher unadjusted @entity548 rates, but the risk-adjusted and anticoagulant-adjusted @entity548 rates did not differ across the hospital anticoagulation phenotypes. Risk-standardized mortality and risk-standardized length of stay also did not differ across hospital phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial site-level variability in the choice of anticoagulants for invasively managed acute @entity583 @entity1 , even after accounting for @entity1 factors. No single hospital-use pattern was found to be clinically superior. More studies are needed to determine which @entity1 would derive the greatest benefit from various anticoagulants and to support consistent treatment of @entity1 with the optimal anticoagulant strategy.

title: Hospital Variability in Use of Anticoagulant Strategies During Acute XXXX Treated With an Early Invasive Strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in Singapore @entity1 . @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is the putative, non-obligate precursor of the majority of invasive @entity0 . The efficacy of the Singapore breast-screening pilot project in detecting early stage @entity0 led to the launch of a national breast-screening programme, BreastScreen Singapore (BSS), in January 2002. In this study, we compared clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, as well as clinical outcomes, between screen-detected and symptomatic @entity3821 . The study cohort comprised 1202 cases of @entity3821 diagnosed at Singapore General Hospital from 1994 to 2010. Comparison of clinicopathological parameters, immunohistochemical results of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity6881 , @entity470 , and 34bE12, and clinical outcomes was carried out between the 2 groups. Amongst 1202 cases, 610 (50.7  %) were screen-detected and 592 (49.3  %) were symptomatic @entity3821 . Screen-detected cases were smaller in size (P  <  0.001), of lower nuclear grade (P  =  0.004), and more frequently expressed ER (P  <  0.001). Luminal A phenotype was more frequently observed in screen-detected @entity3821 , while triple-negative and @entity1722 phenotypes were more common in symptomatic @entity3821 (P  <  0.001). The basal-like phenotype was also more frequent in symptomatic @entity3821 (P  =  0.041). Mean and median follow-up was 99.7 and 97.8  months, respectively, with a maximum follow-up of 246.0  months. More symptomatic @entity1 developed invasive recurrences compared to screen-detected @entity1 (P  =  0.001). A trend for better disease-free survival was observed in screen-detected @entity1 (P  =  0.076). @entity1 who were screen-detected experienced better overall survival than those with symptomatic @entity3821 (P  =  0.007). Our data indicate a more  favourable outcome of screen-detected @entity3821 @entity1 confirming the role of BSS in early identification of this curable  disease.

title: Characteristics and behaviour of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: comparison with symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) has become an increasingly popular diagnostic tool in @entity1 with heterogeneous @entity74 , especially in those with neurocognitive phenotypes. Utility of @entity922 in consanguineous populations has not yet been determined on a large scale. A clinical cohort of 149 probands from Qatar with suspected Mendelian, mainly neurocognitive phenotypes, underwent @entity922 from July 2012 to June 2014. @entity717 and @entity245 were the most common clinical presentations but our cohort displayed other phenotypes, such as @entity302 , @entity4238 , @entity4242 and other @entity75 and @entity2438 . A pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation, including pathogenic CNVs, was identified in 89 probands for a diagnostic yield of 60  %. Consanguinity and positive family history predicted a higher diagnostic yield. In 5  % (7/149) of cases, @entity922 implicated novel candidate disease genes ( @entity22195 , @entity71150 , @entity15650 , @entity35543 , @entity71151 , @entity20522 , @entity34008 ). @entity922 uncovered two coexisting @entity74 in 4  % (6/149) and actionable incidental findings in 2  % (3/149) of cases. Average time to diagnosis was reduced from 27 to 5  months. @entity922 , which already has the highest diagnostic yield among all available diagnostic tools in the setting of @entity74 , appears to be particularly helpful diagnostically in the highly consanguineous Middle Eastern population.

title: High diagnostic yield of clinical exome sequencing in Middle Eastern @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural brain anomalies']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['global developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'Mendelian disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CES', 'Clinical exome sequencing']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Mendelian disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) has become an increasingly popular diagnostic tool in @entity1 with heterogeneous @entity74 , especially in those with neurocognitive phenotypes. Utility of @entity922 in consanguineous populations has not yet been determined on a large scale. A clinical cohort of 149 probands from Qatar with suspected Mendelian, mainly neurocognitive phenotypes, underwent @entity922 from July 2012 to June 2014. @entity717 and @entity245 were the most common clinical presentations but our cohort displayed other phenotypes, such as @entity302 , @entity4238 , @entity4242 and other @entity75 and @entity2438 . A pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation, including pathogenic CNVs, was identified in 89 probands for a diagnostic yield of 60  %. Consanguinity and positive family history predicted a higher diagnostic yield. In 5  % (7/149) of cases, @entity922 implicated novel candidate disease genes ( @entity22195 , @entity71150 , @entity15650 , @entity35543 , @entity71151 , @entity20522 , @entity34008 ). @entity922 uncovered two coexisting @entity74 in 4  % (6/149) and actionable incidental findings in 2  % (3/149) of cases. Average time to diagnosis was reduced from 27 to 5  months. @entity922 , which already has the highest diagnostic yield among all available diagnostic tools in the setting of @entity74 , appears to be particularly helpful diagnostically in the highly consanguineous Middle Eastern population.

title: High diagnostic yield of clinical exome sequencing in Middle Eastern XXXX with @entity74 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to clarify the natural history of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) from a hemodynamic point of view. The subjects consisted of 83 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 ), whose ages ranged from 14 to 69 years and averaged 33 years. They were contacted through a nationwide survey. All @entity1 underwent right-sided cardiac catheterization; cardiac output was measured in 52 @entity1 and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, in 40 @entity1 . The following results were obtained. 1. The @entity1 who died within three months of their cardiac catheterization were in severe @entity67 as shown by their elevated right atrial pressures and decreased cardiac indices. 2. The @entity1 who died suddenly within two years of their cardiac catheterization had the same degree of @entity67 . The only difference was severe @entity519 in the @entity1 with @entity712 (54 +/- 21 vs 66 +/- 4 mmHg, p less than 0.05). 3. The @entity1 who survived more than two years had normal right ventricular function. 4. Among the hemodynamic variables used to estimate prognosis; namely, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratio, the cardiac index was the best predictor of prognosis.

title: [Natural history of XXXX elucidated by pulmonary hemodynamics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PPH', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['primary pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Increase in urine albumin excretion rate (AER) precede a fall in glomerular filtration rate in @entity1 developing @entity2316 ( @entity740 ). Our results have shown that 7 (50  %) of @entity6 and @entity101 individuals with decreased GFR do not have increased AER. In this cross-sectional study, we measured AER of 75 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 by immunoturbidimetric method. We correlated the results with eGFR values obtained by Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD method. The method used was not a compensated method. We measured serum @entity1011 by modified Jaffe's kinetic method in autoanalyzer XL-600. Analysis of data showed positive correlation between eGFR and microalbuminuria by both the methods with eGFR <60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2). Pearson's correlation co-efficient (r) was 0.9 (p  =  0.0001) by Cockcroft-Gault formula and 0.69 (p  =  0.0063) by MDRD formula. Our results concluded that there was positive correlation between AER and eGFR <60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2). We have recognized that these two parameters provide a complimentary benefit in management of cases with @entity740 .

title: Correlation of Microalbuminuria with Estimated GFR (eGFR) by Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD Formula in Type 2 Diabetics and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensives']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between topographic reduction in macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness as detected with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and @entity227 caused by @entity63 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of all @entity1 who presented to our eye institution between January 2012 and July 2014 with @entity227 secondary to ischemic @entity130 . The @entity227 pattern and mean deviation were analyzed. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular GCC were both assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. @entity1 with any ocular pathology that could affect these measurements were excluded. The topographic relationship of @entity227 to reduction in GCC was specifically analyzed. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Their average age was 65 (57-73) years; eight were @entity1 and six had @entity1805 . The laterality of the @entity227 was used to assign an affected and unaffected side of analysis for RNFL and GCC layer thickness. A right @entity1805 meant that the nasal fibers of the right eye and temporal fibers of the left eye were assigned as the "affected side", and the temporal fibers of the right eye and nasal fibers of the left eye were assigned as "unaffected". There was no statistically significant difference between affected and unaffected RNFL. However, there was a significant difference in GCC layer reduction between the affected and unaffected sides (P=0.029). CONCLUSION: There is evidence of retrograde trans-synaptic @entity2479 cell loss in @entity1 with @entity1805 from cortical @entity227 . This relationship is reflected in thinning of the GCC and maintains the topographic relationship of the @entity227 .

title: Retrograde degeneration of @entity2479 cells in homonymous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'visual impairment', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic occipital cortical injury']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['right hemianopsias', 'homonymous hemianopsias', 'hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cortical injury']

answer: @entity1805 :: (MESH:D006423,Disease) :: ['hemianopsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between topographic reduction in macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness as detected with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and @entity227 caused by @entity63 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of all @entity1 who presented to our eye institution between January 2012 and July 2014 with @entity227 secondary to ischemic @entity130 . The @entity227 pattern and mean deviation were analyzed. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular GCC were both assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. @entity1 with any ocular pathology that could affect these measurements were excluded. The topographic relationship of @entity227 to reduction in GCC was specifically analyzed. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Their average age was 65 (57-73) years; eight were @entity1 and six had @entity1805 . The laterality of the @entity227 was used to assign an affected and unaffected side of analysis for RNFL and GCC layer thickness. A right @entity1805 meant that the nasal fibers of the right eye and temporal fibers of the left eye were assigned as the "affected side", and the temporal fibers of the right eye and nasal fibers of the left eye were assigned as "unaffected". There was no statistically significant difference between affected and unaffected RNFL. However, there was a significant difference in GCC layer reduction between the affected and unaffected sides (P=0.029). CONCLUSION: There is evidence of retrograde trans-synaptic @entity2479 cell loss in @entity1 with @entity1805 from cortical @entity227 . This relationship is reflected in thinning of the GCC and maintains the topographic relationship of the @entity227 .

title: Retrograde degeneration of XXXX cells in homonymous @entity1805 .

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory mediators are key players in the pathogenesis of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity79 . Conventional drugs suppress symptomatic activity and have no therapeutic influence on disease. Cissus quadrangularis and Withania somnifera are widely used for the treatment of @entity174 and @entity130 ; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulated by these herbals are still unclear. METHODS: We established an in vitro @entity571 culture model by exposing @entity1 chondrocytes to proinflammatory cytokine and @entity1356 for 36 hours prior to treatment with the herbals: C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination of the two herbals. Cell viability, @entity137 , and gene expression of @entity571 modifying agents were examined. In addition, expression of survivin, which is crucial for cell growth, was analyzed. In vivo work on osteotomized @entity35 studied the bone and cartilage regenerative effects of C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination therapy. RESULTS: Exposure of chondrocytes to @entity3426 induced significant @entity137 and cell death. However, herbal treatment alleviated @entity3426 induced cell @entity137 and upregulated cell growth and proliferation. C. quadrangularis inhibited gene expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, known to aggravate cartilage and @entity79 , and augmented expression of survivin by inhibiting @entity12220 MAPK. Interestingly, osteotomized @entity35 treated with C. quadrangularis drastically enhanced alkaline phosphatase and cartilage tissue formation as compared to untreated, W. somnifera only, or the combination of both herbals. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate for the first time the signaling mechanisms regulated by C. quadrangularis and W. somnifera in @entity571 and osteogenesis. We suggest that the chondroprotective effects and regenerative ability of these herbals are via the upregulation of survivin that exerts inhibitory effects on the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway. These findings thus validate C. quadrangularis as a potential therapeutic for @entity627 .

title: Cissus quadrangularis inhibits XXXX induced inflammatory responses on chondrocytes and alleviates bone deterioration in osteotomized @entity35 via @entity12220 MAPK signaling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory mediators are key players in the pathogenesis of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity79 . Conventional drugs suppress symptomatic activity and have no therapeutic influence on disease. Cissus quadrangularis and Withania somnifera are widely used for the treatment of @entity174 and @entity130 ; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulated by these herbals are still unclear. METHODS: We established an in vitro @entity571 culture model by exposing @entity1 chondrocytes to proinflammatory cytokine and @entity1356 for 36 hours prior to treatment with the herbals: C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination of the two herbals. Cell viability, @entity137 , and gene expression of @entity571 modifying agents were examined. In addition, expression of survivin, which is crucial for cell growth, was analyzed. In vivo work on osteotomized @entity35 studied the bone and cartilage regenerative effects of C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination therapy. RESULTS: Exposure of chondrocytes to @entity3426 induced significant @entity137 and cell death. However, herbal treatment alleviated @entity3426 induced cell @entity137 and upregulated cell growth and proliferation. C. quadrangularis inhibited gene expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, known to aggravate cartilage and @entity79 , and augmented expression of survivin by inhibiting @entity12220 MAPK. Interestingly, osteotomized @entity35 treated with C. quadrangularis drastically enhanced alkaline phosphatase and cartilage tissue formation as compared to untreated, W. somnifera only, or the combination of both herbals. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate for the first time the signaling mechanisms regulated by C. quadrangularis and W. somnifera in @entity571 and osteogenesis. We suggest that the chondroprotective effects and regenerative ability of these herbals are via the upregulation of survivin that exerts inhibitory effects on the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway. These findings thus validate C. quadrangularis as a potential therapeutic for @entity627 .

title: Cissus quadrangularis inhibits @entity3426 induced inflammatory responses on chondrocytes and alleviates bone deterioration in osteotomized @entity35 via XXXX MAPK signaling.

answer: @entity12220 :: (81649(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory mediators are key players in the pathogenesis of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity79 . Conventional drugs suppress symptomatic activity and have no therapeutic influence on disease. Cissus quadrangularis and Withania somnifera are widely used for the treatment of @entity174 and @entity130 ; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulated by these herbals are still unclear. METHODS: We established an in vitro @entity571 culture model by exposing @entity1 chondrocytes to proinflammatory cytokine and @entity1356 for 36 hours prior to treatment with the herbals: C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination of the two herbals. Cell viability, @entity137 , and gene expression of @entity571 modifying agents were examined. In addition, expression of survivin, which is crucial for cell growth, was analyzed. In vivo work on osteotomized @entity35 studied the bone and cartilage regenerative effects of C. quadrangularis, W. somnifera, and the combination therapy. RESULTS: Exposure of chondrocytes to @entity3426 induced significant @entity137 and cell death. However, herbal treatment alleviated @entity3426 induced cell @entity137 and upregulated cell growth and proliferation. C. quadrangularis inhibited gene expression of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, known to aggravate cartilage and @entity79 , and augmented expression of survivin by inhibiting @entity12220 MAPK. Interestingly, osteotomized @entity35 treated with C. quadrangularis drastically enhanced alkaline phosphatase and cartilage tissue formation as compared to untreated, W. somnifera only, or the combination of both herbals. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate for the first time the signaling mechanisms regulated by C. quadrangularis and W. somnifera in @entity571 and osteogenesis. We suggest that the chondroprotective effects and regenerative ability of these herbals are via the upregulation of survivin that exerts inhibitory effects on the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway. These findings thus validate C. quadrangularis as a potential therapeutic for @entity627 .

title: Cissus quadrangularis inhibits @entity3426 induced inflammatory responses on chondrocytes and alleviates bone deterioration in osteotomized XXXX via @entity12220 MAPK signaling.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioids are used for the treatment of @entity158 . However, 30-50% of @entity1 have insufficient effect to the opioid initially selected by the physician, and there is an urgent need for biomarkers to select responders to the most appropriate drug. Since opioids mediate their effect in the central nervous system, this study aimed to investigate if electroencephalography (EEG) during rest or @entity158 before treatment could predict the analgesic response. METHODS: EEG from 62 channels was recorded in volunteers during rest and @entity158 (cold pressor test). @entity1286 (30  mg) or placebo was then administered, and the @entity158 test repeated 60  min after. Washout period between drugs was 7  days. Based on @entity158 ratings, subjects were stratified into responders and non-responders. Spectral analysis was performed on the EEG. Conventional statistics on group basis were used and, furthermore, the most discriminative EEG features were subjected to support vector machine classification to predict the response for the individual subjects. RESULTS: Conventional statistics on the frequency bands revealed no differences between responders and non-responders. On the individual basis, no differences between groups were found using resting EEG. However, EEG during @entity158 was able to classify responders with an accuracy of 72% (p  =  0.01) and the result was reproducible using baseline data from both study days. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning based on EEG before treatment enabled separation between responders and non-responders. This study represents the first step towards the prediction of @entity4784 based on EEG features prior to drug administration, and advocates for the use of machine learning in future studies.

title: Machine learning on encephalographic activity may predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tonic pain', 'pain', 'cold pain']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid analgesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With increasing survival rates after treatment for @entity5 in prepubertal @entity1 and @entity1 of reproductive age, an increasing focus on quality of life has emerged. Both irradiation and cytotoxic drugs can be detrimental to future fertility, consequently several treatment alternatives have been developed to spare or restore fertility in young females diagnosed with @entity5 . One of these options is cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before treatment and autotransplantation at a later time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present the Norwegian experience after 11 years of practice with ovarian tissue cryopreservation. A total of 164 @entity1 have had ovarian tissue cryopreserved during the period 2004-2014. Fifteen @entity1 died during the observation period. Six @entity1 requested autotransplantation, which was performed in two @entity1 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 conceived, one spontaneously and one after assisted reproduction due to a concomitant male factor. The pregnancies were uneventful and they each gave birth to a healthy @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Cryopreservation with later autotransplantation of ovarian tissue should be offered to a selected group of young @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after treatment for XXXX - the first Norwegian results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'girls', 'child']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Results of @entity706 treatment have improved markedly over the past 30 years. In @entity978 , the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 81.5% in a retrospective study. In the ALB-NHL03 study, the five-year EFS according to clinical stage in @entity1 with @entity981 was 70.6% for stage III and 88.9% for stage IV. In @entity1892 , the B-NHL03 study indicated that the 4-year EFS according to treatment group was 94% for Group 1, 98% for Group 2, 84% for Group 3, and 78% for Group 4 based on. Moreover, the two-year EFS rate was 81% in Japanese advanced stage @entity1 based on the international ALCL99 study. Thus, an EFS rate of over 80% was achieved in any subtype of @entity706 . However, @entity1 with refractory or recurrent @entity706 also exist and treatment methods for improvement of the survival rate of these @entity1 have to be developed. It's also a future problem to make the difference between the @entity1 and adolescent and young adult generation clear and develop treatment protocol. Although @entity706 treatment does not greatly change according to country, it does differ between other countries and Japan for some subtypes of @entity706 . In particular, the results of treatment of stage III T-LBL in Japan are worse than those of the US and European countries. It will be important to obtain evidence regarding these differences, and the reasons for these differences, in future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Japan -The current status and the future plan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'pediatric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['mature B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['pediatric lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ability to predict future clinical deterioration early in @entity1 who present to an emergency care center with a @entity281 is difficult. We studied the clinical usefulness of the initial serum levels of @entity1904 in a @entity281 as an indicator for predicting aggravation in the early stages. METHODS: Of the @entity1 who presented with the clinical symptoms of a @entity281 , 99 were diagnosed with a @entity281 by imaging studies and subsequently enrolled in the study. Laboratory tests were obtained in the early stage of disease after presentation to an emergency care center. We assessed and compared the serum levels of many early inflammatory markers (white blood cell [WBC] counts, @entity1851 and @entity1904 ) between @entity1 whose symptoms were initially stable upon arrival to an emergency care center but then deteriorated to, those whose symptoms remained consistently stable. Thus, we examined if the above serum markers are useful in predicting the possibility of future symptom aggravation. RESULTS: Of a total of 99 @entity1 , 27 were assigned to the symptom aggravation group. The serum levels of WBC counts and @entity1851 in the aggravation group were elevated. However, the median value (interquartile range) of @entity1904 was relatively increased at 2.28 (0.41-7.84 ng/ml), demonstrating a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, initial serum levels of @entity1904 might be used as an indicator for aggravation in @entity1 with @entity281 at the emergency department, even though there is hemodynamic stability.

title: The clinical usefulness of initial serum XXXX as an aggravation predictor in a @entity281 at emergency department.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['procalcitonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ability to predict future clinical deterioration early in @entity1 who present to an emergency care center with a @entity281 is difficult. We studied the clinical usefulness of the initial serum levels of @entity1904 in a @entity281 as an indicator for predicting aggravation in the early stages. METHODS: Of the @entity1 who presented with the clinical symptoms of a @entity281 , 99 were diagnosed with a @entity281 by imaging studies and subsequently enrolled in the study. Laboratory tests were obtained in the early stage of disease after presentation to an emergency care center. We assessed and compared the serum levels of many early inflammatory markers (white blood cell [WBC] counts, @entity1851 and @entity1904 ) between @entity1 whose symptoms were initially stable upon arrival to an emergency care center but then deteriorated to, those whose symptoms remained consistently stable. Thus, we examined if the above serum markers are useful in predicting the possibility of future symptom aggravation. RESULTS: Of a total of 99 @entity1 , 27 were assigned to the symptom aggravation group. The serum levels of WBC counts and @entity1851 in the aggravation group were elevated. However, the median value (interquartile range) of @entity1904 was relatively increased at 2.28 (0.41-7.84 ng/ml), demonstrating a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, initial serum levels of @entity1904 might be used as an indicator for aggravation in @entity1 with @entity281 at the emergency department, even though there is hemodynamic stability.

title: The clinical usefulness of initial serum @entity1904 as an aggravation predictor in a XXXX at emergency department.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['hepatobiliary tract infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the relative merits of optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in @entity1 with @entity453 for the prediction of periprocedural @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: Although several individual intravascular imaging modalities have been employed to predict periprocedural @entity583 , it is unclear which of the imaging tools would best allow prediction of this complication. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 110 @entity1 who underwent OCT, IVUS, and NIRS. Periprocedural @entity583 was defined as a post-procedural @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) elevation above 3* the upper limit of normal; analysis was also performed for @entity6949  >= 5* the upper limit of normal. RESULTS: @entity6949  >= 3* was observed in 10 @entity1 (9%) and 8 @entity1 had @entity6949  >= 5*. By OCT, minimum cap thickness was significantly lower (55 vs. 90  m, p  < 0.01), and the plaque burden by IVUS (84    9% vs. 77    8%, p  < 0.01) and maximum 4-mm lipid core burden index by NIRS (556 vs. 339, p  < 0.01) were greater in the @entity6949  >= 3* group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified cap thickness as the only independent predictor for @entity6949  >= 3* the upper limit of normal (odds ratio [OR]: 0.90, p  = 0.02) or @entity6949  >= 5* (OR: 0.91, p  = 0.04). If OCT findings were excluded from the analysis, plaque burden (OR: 1.13, p  = 0.045) and maximum 4-mm lipid core burden index (OR: 1.003, p  = 0.037) emerged to be the independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: OCT-based fibrous cap thickness is the most important predictor of periprocedural @entity583 . In the absence of information about cap thickness, NIRS lipid core or IVUS plaque burden best determined the likelihood of the periprocedural event.

title: Multimodality Intravascular Imaging to Predict Periprocedural XXXX During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood pressure targets in individuals treated for @entity101 in primary care remain difficult to attain. AIMS: To assess the role of practice nurses in facilitating intensive and structured management to achieve ideal BP levels. METHODS: We analysed outcome data from the @entity917 Intensified Primary carE Reduction of Blood Pressure Study. @entity1 were randomly allocated (2:1) to the study intervention or usual care. Within both groups, a practice nurse mediated the management of blood pressure for 439 @entity1 with endpoint blood pressure data (n=1492). @entity1 management was categorised as: standard usual care (n=348, 23.3%); practice nurse-mediated usual care (n=156, 10.5%); standard intervention (n=705, 47.3%) and practice nurse-mediated intervention (n=283, 19.0%). Blood pressure goal attainment at 26-week follow-up was then compared. RESULTS: Mean age was 59.3  12.0 years and 62% were @entity1 . Baseline blood pressure was similar in practice nurse-mediated (usual care or intervention) and standard care management @entity1 (150    16/88    11 vs. 150    17/89    11 mmHg, respectively). Practice nurse-mediated @entity1 had a stricter blood pressure goal of    125/75 mmHg (33.7% vs. 27.3%, p=0.026). Practice nurse-mediated intervention @entity1 achieved the greatest blood pressure falls and the highest level of blood pressure goal attainment (39.2%) compared with standard intervention (35.0%), practice nurse-mediated usual care (32.1%) and standard usual care (25.3%; p<0.001). Practice nurse-mediated intervention @entity1 were almost two-fold more likely to achieve their blood pressure goal compared with standard usual care @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio 1.92, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 2.78; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: There is greater potential to achieve blood pressure targets in primary care with practice nurse-mediated @entity101 management.

title: Impact of nurse-mediated management on achieving blood pressure goal levels in primary care: Insights from the XXXX Intensified Primary carE Reduction of Blood Pressure Study.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity917 :: (MESH:C081489,Chemical) :: ['Valsartan']


abstract: The cell cycle transition and differentiation-associated surface antigen expression was studied in a clone of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) with phenotypic properties similar to those of resting B lymphocytes. Differentiation was induced with @entity865 ( @entity864 ) and defined and quantitated by morphological and functional markers. Changes in the cell cycle position were determined by flow cytometry of @entity8574 orange-stained cells. The uninduced @entity1072 cells represented a homogeneous population with the same cell cycle position (GO) as resting normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. After five days of @entity865 stimulation, 56% of the @entity1072 cells were found in @entity16079 , 9% in G1B, and 3% in the S + G2/M phase, of which 2% was accounted to proliferating T cells. The cell cycle transition of the differentiating @entity1072 cells was also examined using cell cycle-associated surface antigens as markers. HLA-DR and @entity7527 antigens were present already on noninduced cells. The former had a high constant expression, while the amount of @entity7527 increased upon induction. The @entity38770 antigen was absent on noninduced cells but present on 86% of the induced cells. @entity24957 ( @entity42427 ) was expressed by the majority of the cells before @entity865 treatment and decreased to almost undetectable levels within 24 hours. Two antigens related to late stages of the cell cycle, the @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ; @entity2902 ) and the @entity69 receptor, were present on about 20% of the induced cells. Experiments with enriched T cells showed that T but not B cells incorporated @entity665 . Taken together these results and previous work on the induction of the protooncogene @entity517 and @entity1639 suggest that this @entity1072 clone represents GO cells that undergo differentiation without concomitant proliferation when exposed to @entity865 .

title: Cell cycle progression of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity865 :: (CHEBI:61432,Chemical) :: ['TPA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9367 (TL) is known to suppress the proliferation of a number of @entity788 cell lines in  vitro. Marked antitumor effects were also observed in a xenograft model of @entity788 . @entity519  -inducible factor  -1a ( @entity1965 ) is highly expressed in @entity788 cells lines. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that suppression of @entity1965 is associated with the antitumor activity of TL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the level of gene expression. A xenograft @entity5 model of @entity788 was established in athymic @entity19 and the @entity5 size was measured to evaluate the outcome of TL treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), and to assess microvessel density. Microarray was used to investigate gene expression in @entity788 cells following TL treatment. The expression of @entity1965 was shown to be reduced in pancreatic cell lines following treatment with TL, and this effect occurred in a dose  -dependent manner. In a xenograft model of @entity788 , reduced levels of @entity1965 were also observed in @entity19 that were treated with TL. Furthermore, the expression of @entity1611 , which is a direct target of @entity1965 , was also suppressed, and the microvessel density of @entity5 tissues was consequently reduced. A microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of TL. The results showed that 11 genes, including c  -Myc, @entity430 and @entity32246 , were downregulated at an early stage following treatment with TL. A recent study indicated that overexpression of c  -Myc in colon @entity5 cells promotes increased expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 . Therefore, TL may suppress @entity1965 through a c  -Myc  -dependent mechanism, which is involved in antitumor effects in @entity19 models of @entity788 .

title: @entity9367 suppresses proliferation, XXXX -inducible  factor-1a and c-Myc expression in @entity788 cells.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['Triptolide']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9367 (TL) is known to suppress the proliferation of a number of @entity788 cell lines in  vitro. Marked antitumor effects were also observed in a xenograft model of @entity788 . @entity519  -inducible factor  -1a ( @entity1965 ) is highly expressed in @entity788 cells lines. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that suppression of @entity1965 is associated with the antitumor activity of TL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the level of gene expression. A xenograft @entity5 model of @entity788 was established in athymic @entity19 and the @entity5 size was measured to evaluate the outcome of TL treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), and to assess microvessel density. Microarray was used to investigate gene expression in @entity788 cells following TL treatment. The expression of @entity1965 was shown to be reduced in pancreatic cell lines following treatment with TL, and this effect occurred in a dose  -dependent manner. In a xenograft model of @entity788 , reduced levels of @entity1965 were also observed in @entity19 that were treated with TL. Furthermore, the expression of @entity1611 , which is a direct target of @entity1965 , was also suppressed, and the microvessel density of @entity5 tissues was consequently reduced. A microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of TL. The results showed that 11 genes, including c  -Myc, @entity430 and @entity32246 , were downregulated at an early stage following treatment with TL. A recent study indicated that overexpression of c  -Myc in colon @entity5 cells promotes increased expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 . Therefore, TL may suppress @entity1965 through a c  -Myc  -dependent mechanism, which is involved in antitumor effects in @entity19 models of @entity788 .

title: XXXX suppresses proliferation, @entity519 -inducible  factor-1a and c-Myc expression in @entity788 cells.

answer: @entity9367 :: (MESH:C001899,Chemical) :: ['Triptolide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9367 (TL) is known to suppress the proliferation of a number of @entity788 cell lines in  vitro. Marked antitumor effects were also observed in a xenograft model of @entity788 . @entity519  -inducible factor  -1a ( @entity1965 ) is highly expressed in @entity788 cells lines. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that suppression of @entity1965 is associated with the antitumor activity of TL. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine the level of gene expression. A xenograft @entity5 model of @entity788 was established in athymic @entity19 and the @entity5 size was measured to evaluate the outcome of TL treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ), and to assess microvessel density. Microarray was used to investigate gene expression in @entity788 cells following TL treatment. The expression of @entity1965 was shown to be reduced in pancreatic cell lines following treatment with TL, and this effect occurred in a dose  -dependent manner. In a xenograft model of @entity788 , reduced levels of @entity1965 were also observed in @entity19 that were treated with TL. Furthermore, the expression of @entity1611 , which is a direct target of @entity1965 , was also suppressed, and the microvessel density of @entity5 tissues was consequently reduced. A microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in order to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of TL. The results showed that 11 genes, including c  -Myc, @entity430 and @entity32246 , were downregulated at an early stage following treatment with TL. A recent study indicated that overexpression of c  -Myc in colon @entity5 cells promotes increased expression of @entity1965 and @entity1611 . Therefore, TL may suppress @entity1965 through a c  -Myc  -dependent mechanism, which is involved in antitumor effects in @entity19 models of @entity788 .

title: @entity9367 suppresses proliferation, @entity519 -inducible  factor-1a and c-Myc expression in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with @entity6075 were evaluated prospectively with CT and intermediate-field-strength MR imaging to compare the diagnostic efficacies of the two techniques. @entity131 were detected in 38 @entity1 . The severity of injury, as determined by the Glascow @entity772 Scale, ranged from 3 to 14. The sensitivities of CT and MR were calculated for all subgroups of lesions: (1) hemorrhagic and @entity75 ( @entity21 , @entity131 , subcortical gray-matter injury, primary @entity130 ); (2) extraaxial @entity1410 (subdural, epidural); and (3) diffuse @entity548 (subarachnoid, intraventricular). CT and MR (T1- and T2-weighted) studies were both highly and comparably sensitive in the detection of @entity548 . MR scans, however, were much more sensitive in detecting @entity75 . cortical contusions and @entity21 constituted 91.9% of all intraaxial lesions. The sensitivities of the imaging techniques for this combined group of lesions were (1) @entity75 (CT = 17.7%, T1-weighted MR = 67.6%, T2-weighted MR = 93.3%); (2) @entity548 (CT = 89.8%, T1-weighted MR = 87.1%, T2-weighted MR = 92.5%). MR was also significantly better in detecting @entity75 (CT = 9.1%, T1-weighted MR = 81.8%, T2-weighted MR = 72.7%). The sensitivities of the diagnostic studies in the detection of extraaxial @entity1410 were CT = 73.2%, T1-weighted MR = 97.6%, T2-weighted MR = 90.5%). @entity548 was consistently seen with all three imaging studies, but @entity510 was detected much more frequently with CT. In summary, MR has clear advantages over CT in evaluating @entity6075 . Although its sensitivity in detecting @entity548 is similar to that of CT, it is much better than CT in detecting @entity75 , which are more prevalent. MR is more useful than CT in classifying primary and secondary forms of injury and directing treatment. CT's one advantage over MR is its ability to more rapidly assess unstable @entity1 who may need surgery.

title: Prospective comparative study of intermediate-field MR and CT in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cortical contusion', 'Traumatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic intraaxial lesions', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nonhemorrhagic lesions', 'brainstem lesions', 'nonhemorrhagic intraaxial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['closed head trauma']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem injury']

answer: @entity6075 :: (MESH:D016489,Disease) :: ['closed head trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of thoracoscopic thymectomy (TT) for treatment of @entity5 and to compare the outcomes with those after open thymectomy (OT). METHODS: A retrospective review of 98 @entity1 who underwent TT or OT of Masaoka @entity34 without thymic cancer between 1996 and 2013 was performed. RESULTS: Thoracoscopic thymectomy was performed in 67 @entity1 , and OT was performed in 31 @entity1 . The intraoperative @entity190 amounts differed significantly between the TT group and OT group (100 vs 185   mL, P   =   0.0070). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the TT group than in the OT group (4 vs 12 days, P   <   0.0001). No @entity1 in the TT group underwent conversion to open surgery, and no surgical complications, such as @entity548 , were observed. Two @entity1 experienced recurrence in the TT group during the median postoperative follow-up period of 65 months. No significant differences were found in the 5-year disease-free survival rates between the two groups. There were no significant differences in disease-free survival as classified by Masaoka stage, World Health Organization type, and the extent of resection of the thymus. CONCLUSION: Our outcome showed that TT largely reduced the degree of invasiveness. The outcome was not inferior to that of OT. The results primarily demonstrated the feasibility of TT for treatment of @entity5 .

title: Feasibility of thoracoscopic thymectomy for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage thymoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-II thymoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage thymoma']


abstract: We examined a family in which two brothers with identical HLA typing have @entity2038 with snowbanking. Immunopathological studies of one of their eyes showed that in the area of snowbanking over the pars plana there was mild to moderate @entity32 , consisting of mostly Pan T (Leu 4+) lymphocytes. The ratio of T helper/inducer to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells was approximately 10:1. Few macrophages ( @entity19 +) were identified. Very few B cells and no NK cells were observed. Some retinal vessels had a perivascular infiltration consisting of mostly T lymphocytes. Most of the inflammatory cells bore class II antigens (HLA-DR+), while T cells bore few IL-2 receptors (anti-TAC+). The snowbank consisted mainly of glial elements (GFAP+) and basement membrane components (type IV collagen and laminin) with the predominant cell the M  ller cell (M  +). A site of @entity32 at the iris-ciliary body junction also stained for B cells (Leu 14+). These findings suggest that the snowbank could be formed by the glial elements of the peripheral retina. The @entity32 in @entity2038 appears to consist of helper T cells, both in the pars plana, and the retinal vasculature.

title: Clinical and immunopathological studies of XXXX in a family.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['pars planitis']

answer: @entity2038 :: (MESH:D015868,Disease) :: ['pars planitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore mild @entity73 and/or spatial working @entity2414 in @entity1 with primary onset @entity6 (T2DM] using ethology (behavior tests) and blood @entity26 level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen primary onset T2DM @entity1 and 18 matched subjects with normal blood @entity413 levels were all tested using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale test, the Wechsler Memory Scale Chinese-revised test, and scanned using BOLD-fMRI (1.5T, EPI sequence) while performing the n-back task to find the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas. RESULTS: The ethology results showed that T2DM @entity1 had a mild @entity73 and @entity2414 (P   <   0.05). The fMRI scan identified a neural network consisting of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral premotor area (PreMA), bilateral parietal lobe (PA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) / @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) that was activated during the n-back task, with right hemisphere dominance. However, only the right PA and ACC/ @entity4940 showed a load effect via quantitative analysis in the T2DM group; the activation intensity of most working memory-related brain areas for the T2DM group were lower than for the control group under three memory loads. Furthermore, we found that the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas, including the @entity3948 , left caudate nucleus, and bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus were lower than the control group under the memory loads. CONCLUSION: @entity6 -related @entity75 of primary onset middle-age T2DM @entity1 with right DLPFC-posterior parietal lobe and @entity71152 causes @entity73 and mild @entity73 .J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Spatial working XXXX in primary onset @entity6 : An ethology and BOLD-fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'impairment of spatial working memory']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3948 :: ('MESH:C538521', 'Disease') :: ['right insular lobe']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['SMA', 'supplementary motor area']

entities_list: @entity71152 :: ('MESH:C564353', 'Disease') :: ['parahippocampal gyrus default network']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore mild @entity73 and/or spatial working @entity2414 in @entity1 with primary onset @entity6 (T2DM] using ethology (behavior tests) and blood @entity26 level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen primary onset T2DM @entity1 and 18 matched subjects with normal blood @entity413 levels were all tested using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale test, the Wechsler Memory Scale Chinese-revised test, and scanned using BOLD-fMRI (1.5T, EPI sequence) while performing the n-back task to find the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas. RESULTS: The ethology results showed that T2DM @entity1 had a mild @entity73 and @entity2414 (P   <   0.05). The fMRI scan identified a neural network consisting of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), bilateral premotor area (PreMA), bilateral parietal lobe (PA), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) / @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ) that was activated during the n-back task, with right hemisphere dominance. However, only the right PA and ACC/ @entity4940 showed a load effect via quantitative analysis in the T2DM group; the activation intensity of most working memory-related brain areas for the T2DM group were lower than for the control group under three memory loads. Furthermore, we found that the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas, including the @entity3948 , left caudate nucleus, and bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus were lower than the control group under the memory loads. CONCLUSION: @entity6 -related @entity75 of primary onset middle-age T2DM @entity1 with right DLPFC-posterior parietal lobe and @entity71152 causes @entity73 and mild @entity73 .J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Spatial working @entity2414 in primary onset XXXX : An ethology and BOLD-fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['middle-age type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms and plasma lipid concentrations in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Included in this study were 80 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 73 healthy controls. Two selected single @entity4334 polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes, @entity24549 ( @entity71153 ) and @entity24551 ( @entity71154 ), were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS: The rate of having the @entity24551 AA genotype (p=0.001) was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the control subjects. Correspondingly, the rates of having the AG genotype (p=0.001) and the G allele (p=0.001) were significantly lower in the @entity1 than in controls. Upon comparing the groups regarding @entity24549 , the frequencies of occurrence of the GG genotype (p=0.031) and G allele (p=0.003) were considerably higher in @entity1 than in control subjects. In the @entity1 , the rates of having the CC genotype (p=0.003) and the C allele (p=0.031) were also significantly lower than those in control subjects. There was no significant difference between G5 and G8 polymorphism and lipid levels in the study groups. The @entity24551 AA genotype carriers had higher @entity412 (p=0.045) and very low-density- @entity165 (p=0.045) levels than the @entity24551 GG genotype carriers in all study populations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the AA genotype for @entity24551 and the GG genotype and G allele for @entity24549 are risk factors for @entity6 . This study reveals the first data concerning the @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: @entity24549 and @entity24551 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 XXXX in the Turkish Population.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms and plasma lipid concentrations in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Included in this study were 80 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 73 healthy controls. Two selected single @entity4334 polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes, @entity24549 ( @entity71153 ) and @entity24551 ( @entity71154 ), were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS: The rate of having the @entity24551 AA genotype (p=0.001) was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the control subjects. Correspondingly, the rates of having the AG genotype (p=0.001) and the G allele (p=0.001) were significantly lower in the @entity1 than in controls. Upon comparing the groups regarding @entity24549 , the frequencies of occurrence of the GG genotype (p=0.031) and G allele (p=0.003) were considerably higher in @entity1 than in control subjects. In the @entity1 , the rates of having the CC genotype (p=0.003) and the C allele (p=0.031) were also significantly lower than those in control subjects. There was no significant difference between G5 and G8 polymorphism and lipid levels in the study groups. The @entity24551 AA genotype carriers had higher @entity412 (p=0.045) and very low-density- @entity165 (p=0.045) levels than the @entity24551 GG genotype carriers in all study populations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the AA genotype for @entity24551 and the GG genotype and G allele for @entity24549 are risk factors for @entity6 . This study reveals the first data concerning the @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: XXXX and @entity24551 Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 @entity6 in the Turkish Population.

answer: @entity24549 :: (64240,Gene) :: ['ABCG5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms and plasma lipid concentrations in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Included in this study were 80 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 73 healthy controls. Two selected single @entity4334 polymorphisms in ABC transporter genes, @entity24549 ( @entity71153 ) and @entity24551 ( @entity71154 ), were genotyped by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS: The rate of having the @entity24551 AA genotype (p=0.001) was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the control subjects. Correspondingly, the rates of having the AG genotype (p=0.001) and the G allele (p=0.001) were significantly lower in the @entity1 than in controls. Upon comparing the groups regarding @entity24549 , the frequencies of occurrence of the GG genotype (p=0.031) and G allele (p=0.003) were considerably higher in @entity1 than in control subjects. In the @entity1 , the rates of having the CC genotype (p=0.003) and the C allele (p=0.031) were also significantly lower than those in control subjects. There was no significant difference between G5 and G8 polymorphism and lipid levels in the study groups. The @entity24551 AA genotype carriers had higher @entity412 (p=0.045) and very low-density- @entity165 (p=0.045) levels than the @entity24551 GG genotype carriers in all study populations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the AA genotype for @entity24551 and the GG genotype and G allele for @entity24549 are risk factors for @entity6 . This study reveals the first data concerning the @entity24549 and @entity24551 gene polymorphisms in Turkish @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: @entity24549 and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms in Type 2 @entity6 in the Turkish Population.

answer: @entity24551 :: (64241,Gene) :: ['ABCG8']


abstract: The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of electrical muscle stimulation combined with @entity2472 with a program only with @entity2472 during immobilization in casts after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Twenty-three @entity1 , 7 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 with a mean age of 28 yr, were randomized into two groups: an experimental group (13 @entity1 ) and a control group (10 @entity1 ). Post-operatively, the @entity1 were immobilized for 3 wk in a full leg cast with the knee flexed at an angle of 20 degrees to 30 degrees and then in a knee cast for another 3 wk. All @entity1 had a standard program with @entity121 . In addition, the experimental group received electrical stimulation of the @entity121 4 X 10 min, 3 times.wk-1, at a frequency of 30 Hz. During each stimulation, the @entity1 were requested to contract the @entity121 voluntarily as well. When pre-operative measurements were compared with those at the end of the immobilization period (6 wk after the operation), a significantly larger reduction in the knee extension isometric muscle strength was found for the control group than for the experimental group. In comparisons of the data of the male subjects only, this difference was still seen to be significant. The cross-sectional area of the @entity121 measured with computed tomography was significantly less reduced during the immobilization period in the experimental group than in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of electrical muscle stimulation combined with XXXX after knee ligament surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps muscle contractions', 'quadriceps muscle']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary muscle contractions']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['voluntary contractions']


abstract: Male @entity35 treated with either @entity12880 or @entity24565 , two peroxisome proliferating compounds with potent hypolipidemic properties, show identical structural changes in their lungs. In both cases, two types of lung cells were affected by these agents: (i) the alveolar epithelial cells type II and (ii) the intraalveolar macrophages. These lung cells are known to be involved in the metabolism of the pulmonary surfactant which serves to reduce the surface tension within alveoli. The size of the alveolar cells type II was conspicuously increased in the treated lungs. Compared to controls, intraalveolar macrophages apparently were slightly more numerous. Their enlarged cytoplasm was strongly vacuolated. The osmiophilic lamellar bodies within alveolar cells type II represent the intracellular presecretory pulmonary surfactant. Their number per individual alveolar cell type II was estimated by means of light microscopic morphometry on Epon-embedded semithin sections. Compared to control lungs, the number was increased by about 30% in @entity35 treated with @entity12880 (11.4 +/- 0.5 lamellar inclusions in the control cells; P less than 0.001). The increase in the number of lamellar bodies per type II cell was close to 60% in animals fed the nafenopin diet. In contrast the frequency of alveolar cells type II, estimated per area of lung tissue, remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that @entity12880 and nafenopin, two drugs with hypolipidemic properties, cause identical structural changes in the rodent lung. It is concluded from these data that (i) the morphological changes observed in the surfactant metabolizing cells represent a specific action of hypolipidemic agents at the lungs and (ii) hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators influence the metabolism of the pulmonary surfactant.

title: Two hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators increase the number of lamellar bodies in alveolar cells type II of the XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity24565 :: ('MESH:D009255', 'Chemical') :: ['nafenopin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: @entity112 and @entity750 -related pharmaceuticals have the potential to modulate micturition and continence. The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with @entity112 and/or @entity750 improves stress @entity322 (SUI) in female @entity35 . METHODS: Twenty-six age-matched female @entity35 underwent @entity3815 (PNC   +   VD), to produce SUI. One week after injury, @entity35 were treated subcutaneously with saline, @entity112 (1.1    g), @entity750 (2 g), or the combination of both twice daily for another week. A sham injured group received sham PNC   +   VD and were treated with saline (n   =   7). Leak point pressure (LPP) testing with simultaneous external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) was conducted 2 weeks after injury. The urethra was harvested for qualitative and quantitative histology. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls posthoc test with P   <   0.05 indicating statistically significant differences between groups. RESULTS: Combination treatment significantly increased LPP after PNC   +   VD compared to injured sham treatment and treatment with either @entity112 or @entity750 alone. Compared to injured sham treated @entity35 , all three treatments significantly increased EUS EMG amplitude at both baseline and peak pressure and EUS EMG firing rate at peak pressure during LPP testing. There were more consistent urethral striated muscle fibers and thicker smooth and striated muscle with combination and @entity112 treatment. There was a statistically significant shift to a greater proportion of thicker collagen fibers in the urethra in @entity750 and combination treated @entity35 compared with injured sham treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment was the most effective and may provide an effective therapy for SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Combination @entity112 and @entity750 treatment after simulated childbirth injury improves stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3815 :: ('MESH:D060545', 'Disease') :: ['pudendal nerve crush and vaginal distension']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: AIMS: @entity112 and @entity750 -related pharmaceuticals have the potential to modulate micturition and continence. The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with @entity112 and/or @entity750 improves stress @entity322 (SUI) in female @entity35 . METHODS: Twenty-six age-matched female @entity35 underwent @entity3815 (PNC   +   VD), to produce SUI. One week after injury, @entity35 were treated subcutaneously with saline, @entity112 (1.1    g), @entity750 (2 g), or the combination of both twice daily for another week. A sham injured group received sham PNC   +   VD and were treated with saline (n   =   7). Leak point pressure (LPP) testing with simultaneous external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) was conducted 2 weeks after injury. The urethra was harvested for qualitative and quantitative histology. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls posthoc test with P   <   0.05 indicating statistically significant differences between groups. RESULTS: Combination treatment significantly increased LPP after PNC   +   VD compared to injured sham treatment and treatment with either @entity112 or @entity750 alone. Compared to injured sham treated @entity35 , all three treatments significantly increased EUS EMG amplitude at both baseline and peak pressure and EUS EMG firing rate at peak pressure during LPP testing. There were more consistent urethral striated muscle fibers and thicker smooth and striated muscle with combination and @entity112 treatment. There was a statistically significant shift to a greater proportion of thicker collagen fibers in the urethra in @entity750 and combination treated @entity35 compared with injured sham treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment was the most effective and may provide an effective therapy for SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Combination XXXX and @entity750 treatment after simulated childbirth injury improves stress @entity322 .

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: AIMS: @entity112 and @entity750 -related pharmaceuticals have the potential to modulate micturition and continence. The aim of this study was to determine if treatment with @entity112 and/or @entity750 improves stress @entity322 (SUI) in female @entity35 . METHODS: Twenty-six age-matched female @entity35 underwent @entity3815 (PNC   +   VD), to produce SUI. One week after injury, @entity35 were treated subcutaneously with saline, @entity112 (1.1    g), @entity750 (2 g), or the combination of both twice daily for another week. A sham injured group received sham PNC   +   VD and were treated with saline (n   =   7). Leak point pressure (LPP) testing with simultaneous external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography (EMG) was conducted 2 weeks after injury. The urethra was harvested for qualitative and quantitative histology. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls posthoc test with P   <   0.05 indicating statistically significant differences between groups. RESULTS: Combination treatment significantly increased LPP after PNC   +   VD compared to injured sham treatment and treatment with either @entity112 or @entity750 alone. Compared to injured sham treated @entity35 , all three treatments significantly increased EUS EMG amplitude at both baseline and peak pressure and EUS EMG firing rate at peak pressure during LPP testing. There were more consistent urethral striated muscle fibers and thicker smooth and striated muscle with combination and @entity112 treatment. There was a statistically significant shift to a greater proportion of thicker collagen fibers in the urethra in @entity750 and combination treated @entity35 compared with injured sham treated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Combination treatment was the most effective and may provide an effective therapy for SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Combination @entity112 and XXXX treatment after simulated childbirth injury improves stress @entity322 .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity28 frequently occur together. The relationship between increased appetite and @entity28 is well known; however, despite existing knowledge about the relationship between @entity27 and @entity28 , it is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between @entity27 and the appetite-suppressing hormone @entity29869 independent of body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A total of 134 cases were included in the study; 102 with @entity27 ( @entity27 group) and 32 healthy controls (control group). All cases underwent polysomnography, and @entity29869 levels were determined. RESULTS: @entity29869 levels were significantly lower in the @entity27 group compared to the control group (3,776.5    204.8 and 4,056.2    101.5 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between @entity29869 and the @entity27 index (r = -0.543; p < 0.001). The statistically significant relationship persisted after adjusting for confounding intergroup factors such as age, gender and BMI (p < 0.001). In the @entity27 group, there was a statistically significant correlation between @entity29869 and neck circumference (r = -0.304; p = 0.02) but not between @entity29869 and BMI and waist circumference. There was no statistically significant difference in @entity29869 levels between the sexes. CONCLUSION: @entity27 @entity1 have lower @entity29869 levels compared to controls, and a greater @entity29869 deficit corresponds to an increased severity of @entity27 and an increased neck circumference. Replacement therapy may be a potential treatment for obese @entity27 @entity1 who have lower @entity29869 levels, which may have additional benefits through appetite suppression and weight loss.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Is There a Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'OSAS', 'Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity29869 :: (4925,Gene) :: ['Nesfatin-1']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine effect of prolonged fasting on muscle glycogen and @entity412 concentration as well as on non-protein @entity1568 excretion with urine in late pregnant @entity35 . They were divided into four groups: I--fed, pregnant for 21 days, II--fasted for one day (from 20 to 21 day of pregnancy), III--fasted for two days (from 19 to 21 day) and IV--fasted for three days (from 18 to 21 day). The concentration of glycogen and @entity1674 was determined in the following tissues: the white and red layers of the vastus lateralis, the soleus, the diaphragm, the heart and the liver. The urine was collected in each group 24 h (from 20 to 21 day). It has been found that concentration of glycogen in the leg muscles is reduced by about 50% and in the diaphragm by 75% already after 24 h fasting and then remains stable. The concentration of glycogen in the heart increases after one day of fasting and then returns to the control value. The effect of fasting on the concentration of @entity1674 in the tissues depends on a tissue studied. It decreases gradually in the white vastus, and in the soleus only on the third day. It is elevated during the first two days of fasting in the red vastus, diaphragm and liver and returns to the control level on the third day. The fasting doubled the concentration of @entity1674 in the heart. The urinary @entity1133 , @entity1011 , and @entity414 excretion decreases and @entity3265 excretion increases during fasting. The results obtained indicate that the late gestation does not alter response of muscle glycogen metabolism to fasting as compared to the male @entity35 . It does effect metabolism of @entity1674 .

title: Metabolic response to starvation in late pregnant XXXX . I. Maternal response.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity46654 ( @entity46654 ) is the most common @entity2611 observed in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the evolution of a corrective bandage for semirigid @entity46654 in newborns and (2) to recommend the age interval at which to start treatment of @entity46654 with the corrective bandage alone, without the need of splints. DESIGN: An observational clinical study was conducted. METHODS: The study was conducted at Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville, Spain. @entity1 born with semirigid @entity46654 at the hospital during the years 2010-2011 were included. Corrective bandaging was applied to all @entity1 until clinical correction of the deformity. Sex, laterality of the deformity, weight and length of the newborn, age at the start of treatment, antecedents related to the pregnancy and birth, type of treatment (bandaging, splints), and correction or no correction with bandaging alone were recorded. Age differences at the start of the bandaging treatment between @entity1 whose deformity was corrected with and without the need of splints were examined. The receiver operating characteristic curve method was applied to analyze the predictive ability of the age at the start of bandaging treatment relative to whether the deformity was corrected or not corrected with bandaging alone. RESULTS: The bandage achieved complete correction in 68.1% of the @entity1 and corrected the deformity more frequently in @entity1 compared with @entity1 . Of the 56 @entity1 who began the treatment within the first month of life, 92.8% achieved correction of the @entity5109 with the corrective bandaging alone. LIMITATIONS: @entity1 ' follow-up time was only 2 years, so it was only feasible to analyze the corrective bandaging method over the short term and medium term. CONCLUSIONS: Corrective bandages showed high effectiveness, particularly in @entity1 , and overall when started within the first month of life.

title: Corrective Bandage for Conservative Treatment of XXXX : Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['congenital foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity46654 :: ('MESH:C566206', 'Disease') :: ['Metatarsus adductus', 'MA']

answer: @entity46654 :: (MESH:C566206,Disease) :: ['Metatarsus Adductus']