abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic indwelling catheters may induce histologic changes within the bladder, and these changes are sometimes pre-malignant. There are many documented cases of @entity957 associated with indwelling catheters, but only three cases of catheter-associated @entity420 have been reported. In this case report, we present radiographic findings of a case of mucinous @entity1494 and suprapubic (SP) tract in a @entity1688 @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old male with a history of @entity1566 presented with @entity811 and SP discharge after SP catheterization for 51  years. CT urography was performed and revealed an irregular, infiltrative, and heterogeneous mass arising from the anterior bladder at the level of the suprapubic catheter and extending along the SP tube tract. Cystoscopy and biopsy revealed an @entity150 with extensive associated mucin production and a background of @entity32 . Surgical therapy included cystoprostatectomy, abdominal wall resection, ileal conduit creation, and abdominal wall reconstruction. The final diagnosis was a high-grade, T2a/N0/M0 (Stage II) mucinous @entity1494 . There has been no evidence of @entity5 recurrence over the previous 5  years. CONCLUSION: Few cases of @entity420 associated with long term indwelling catheter have been reported in the literature, and due to the rarity of this disease process, the prognosis with surgical therapy is not well known. The @entity1 described herein has been free of recurrence for the previous five years, suggesting that surgery is a viable management option for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated with long term suprapubic tube: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the anterior bladder and stoma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the capacity of human serum proteins to bind to @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) particles of different polymorphs and sizes. METHODS: @entity3759 particles were mixed with diluted human serum, purified human serum albumin (HSA) or purified human serum gamma-globulin (HGG) solutions. After incubation at 37  C for 1 h, the particles were sedimented by centrifugation, and proteins in the supernatant, as well as those bound to the particles, were analyzed. RESULTS: The total protein concentration in the supernatant was lowered by @entity3759 , whereas the albumin/globulin ratio was elevated by the particles. Incubation with @entity3759 also lowered the immunoglobulin, pre-albumin, @entity2262 , ceruloplasmin and @entity904 -binding protein levels, but not ferritin levels, in the supernatant. After @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE), proteins in the supernatant, especially HGG, were observed to decrease, while those released from the particles (after adding 1% @entity214 and heating) increased, depending on the dose of @entity3759 . Purified HGG and HSA were also bound to @entity3759 , although the former appeared to have a higher affinity. All the proteins tested showed the highest binding potency to the amorphous particles (<50 nm) and the lowest to the rutile particles (<5,000 nm), while binding to anatase particles was intermediate. The affinity to the larger anatase was higher than that to smaller anatase particles in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Human serum proteins, including the two major components, HSA and HGG, are bound by @entity3759 particles. The polymorph of the particles seems to be important for determining the binding capacity of the particles and it may affect distribution of the particles in the body.

title: Binding of human serum proteins to XXXX particles in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is a major contributor to the development of @entity28 and @entity65 due to the induction of cardiac structural and @entity854 . We used a model of @entity13088 in C57Bl/6 @entity19 fed with a @entity1386 to investigate the effects of @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ), a cytokine known for its beneficial effects in the heart, on cardiac anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Groups of C57Bl/6 @entity19 were fed with standard diet (n   =   8) or @entity1386 (n   =   16). After 36  weeks, @entity1386 animals were divided into a group treated with @entity24778   +   standard diet (n   =   8) and a vehicle control group + standard diet (n   =   8). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill tests, in addition to the evaluation of body weight, fasting glicemia, insulin and @entity413 tolerance at different time points. Histological analyses were performed in the heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity1386 consumption induced metabolic alterations characteristic of @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 , as well as @entity299 and reduced exercise capacity. Upon returning to a standard diet, @entity28 @entity19 body weight returned to non- @entity28 levels. @entity24778 administration accelerated the reduction in of body weight in @entity28 @entity19 . Additionally, @entity24778 treatment reduced insulin levels, diminished heart @entity82 , increased exercise capacity and reversed cardiac alterations, including @entity1168 , elevated QRS amplitude, @entity2729 , increased septal wall thickness, @entity998 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity24778 administration caused beneficial effects on @entity28 -associated @entity299 .

title: Administration of XXXX accompanied with a balanced diet improves cardiac function alterations induced by high fat diet in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity24778 :: ('12985(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular posterior thickening and cardiac output reduction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['HFD', 'High fat diet']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis', 'cardiac impairment']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['augmented P amplitude']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity24778 :: (12985(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is a major contributor to the development of @entity28 and @entity65 due to the induction of cardiac structural and @entity854 . We used a model of @entity13088 in C57Bl/6 @entity19 fed with a @entity1386 to investigate the effects of @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ), a cytokine known for its beneficial effects in the heart, on cardiac anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Groups of C57Bl/6 @entity19 were fed with standard diet (n   =   8) or @entity1386 (n   =   16). After 36  weeks, @entity1386 animals were divided into a group treated with @entity24778   +   standard diet (n   =   8) and a vehicle control group + standard diet (n   =   8). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill tests, in addition to the evaluation of body weight, fasting glicemia, insulin and @entity413 tolerance at different time points. Histological analyses were performed in the heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity1386 consumption induced metabolic alterations characteristic of @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 , as well as @entity299 and reduced exercise capacity. Upon returning to a standard diet, @entity28 @entity19 body weight returned to non- @entity28 levels. @entity24778 administration accelerated the reduction in of body weight in @entity28 @entity19 . Additionally, @entity24778 treatment reduced insulin levels, diminished heart @entity82 , increased exercise capacity and reversed cardiac alterations, including @entity1168 , elevated QRS amplitude, @entity2729 , increased septal wall thickness, @entity998 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity24778 administration caused beneficial effects on @entity28 -associated @entity299 .

title: Administration of @entity24778 accompanied with a balanced diet improves cardiac function alterations induced by high fat diet in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1798 ( @entity179 ) on the disc deformation at the adjacent level and at the level one above the adjacent level during end ranges of lumbar motion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been reported that in @entity1 with @entity179 , the intervertebral discs adjacent to the diseased levels have a greater tendency to degenerate. Although altered biomechanics have been suggested to be the causative factors, few data have been reported on the deformation characteristics of the adjacent discs in @entity1 with @entity179 . METHODS: Ten symptomatic @entity1 with discogenic @entity1643 between L4 and S1 and with healthy discs at the cephalic segments were involved. Eight healthy subjects recruited in our previous studies were used as a reference comparison. The In Vivo kinematics of L3-L4 (the cephalic adjacent level to the degenerated discs) and L2-L3 (the level one above the adjacent level) lumbar discs of both groups were obtained using a combined magnetic resonance imaging and dual fluoroscopic imaging technique at functional postures. Deformation characteristics, in terms of areas of minimal deformation (defined as less than 5%), deformations at the center of the discs, and maximum tensile and shear deformations, were compared between the two groups at the two disc levels. RESULTS: In the @entity1 with @entity179 , there were significantly smaller areas of minimal disc deformation at L3-L4 and L2-L3 than the healthy subjects (18% compared with 45% of the total disc area, on average). Both L2-L3 and L3-L4 discs underwent larger tensile and shear deformations in all postures than the healthy subjects. The maximum tensile deformations were higher by up to 23% (of the local disc height in standing) and the maximum shear deformations were higher by approximately 25% to 40% (of the local disc height in standing) compared with those of the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Both the discs of the adjacent level and the level one above experienced higher tensile and shear deformations during end ranges of lumbar motion in the @entity1 with @entity179 before surgical treatments when compared with the healthy subjects. The larger disc deformations at the cephalic segments were otherwise not detectable using conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Future studies should investigate the effect of surgical treatments, such as fusion or disc replacement, on the biomechanics of the adjacent segments during end ranges of lumbar motion.

title: How does XXXX affect the disc deformation at the cephalic levels in vivo?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disc disease']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['lumbar degenerative disc disease']


abstract: @entity1 polyomavirus (PV) @entity1986 has recently been recognized as a cause of severe @entity8 . It occurs in immunosuppressed @entity1 after reactivation of the latent virus PV type BK ( @entity8999 ) in the renal epithelium. @entity66 is defined as a morphologically manifest @entity8 with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. It is also identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies (decoy cells) in the urine. The authors report a case of BK PV @entity1986 in a 36-year-old renal allograft recipient. Under light microscopy the chief diagnostic indicator was detection of intranuclear viral inclusions, which were found exclusively in tubular epithelial cells. Cells with viral changes were often enlarged with nuclear atypia and chromatin basophilia. Widespread interstitial plasma cell infiltrates associated with @entity9538 were present. Intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of virus particles 35-38 nm in diameter were present as characteristic ultrastructural indicators. Urine samples revealed decoy cells with ground-glass-type intranuclear inclusions positive for @entity8999 by electron microscopy.

title: XXXX @entity1986 in a renal allograft recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal allograft dysfunction', 'renal infection']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['BK disease']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['BK polyomavirus']


abstract: @entity1 polyomavirus (PV) @entity1986 has recently been recognized as a cause of severe @entity8 . It occurs in immunosuppressed @entity1 after reactivation of the latent virus PV type BK ( @entity8999 ) in the renal epithelium. @entity66 is defined as a morphologically manifest @entity8 with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. It is also identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies (decoy cells) in the urine. The authors report a case of BK PV @entity1986 in a 36-year-old renal allograft recipient. Under light microscopy the chief diagnostic indicator was detection of intranuclear viral inclusions, which were found exclusively in tubular epithelial cells. Cells with viral changes were often enlarged with nuclear atypia and chromatin basophilia. Widespread interstitial plasma cell infiltrates associated with @entity9538 were present. Intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of virus particles 35-38 nm in diameter were present as characteristic ultrastructural indicators. Urine samples revealed decoy cells with ground-glass-type intranuclear inclusions positive for @entity8999 by electron microscopy.

title: @entity8999 XXXX in a renal allograft recipient.

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['interstitial nephritis']


abstract: @entity82 of bone or Jaffe @entity195 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity158 , @entity85 and @entity174 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity2163 , @entity2163 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity631 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity460 , @entity560 and @entity3151 supplements have been used in @entity82 treatment. @entity421 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity1 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity1643 , without @entity16 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity4262 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity18299 with @entity4261 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity4262 : case-report and differential diagnose with @entity4261 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia', 'Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia of bone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ['Paget bone disease']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Lischtenstein's disease"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Al bright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: @entity82 of bone or Jaffe @entity195 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity158 , @entity85 and @entity174 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity2163 , @entity2163 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity631 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity460 , @entity560 and @entity3151 supplements have been used in @entity82 treatment. @entity421 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity1 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity1643 , without @entity16 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity4262 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity18299 with @entity4261 .

title: [ @entity82 and XXXX : case-report and differential diagnose with @entity4261 ].

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity4262 :: (MESH:D005359,Disease) :: ['McCune-Albright syndrome']


abstract: @entity82 of bone or Jaffe @entity195 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity158 , @entity85 and @entity174 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity2163 , @entity2163 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity631 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity460 , @entity560 and @entity3151 supplements have been used in @entity82 treatment. @entity421 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity1 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity1643 , without @entity16 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity4262 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity18299 with @entity4261 .

title: [ @entity82 and @entity4262 : case-report and differential diagnose with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget bone disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased risk of @entity5229 has been described in @entity1 with @entity1614 and has been attributed, in part, to the presence of @entity4530 and bullae. OBJECTIVES: We assess the risk of pneumothorax and its relationship to the presence of @entity4530 and bullae in @entity1 with @entity1614 in the era of CT imaging. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all @entity1 13 years or older with @entity1614 evaluated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA, from 1998 through 2008. One hundred and sixty-six @entity1 met the current diagnostic criteria for @entity1614 and had chest imaging studies available for review. RESULTS: The median age was 40 years (range 14-71); 37% had a smoking history. Eight of 166 @entity1 (4.8%) had experienced 1 or more episodes of @entity5229 , and 2 of these 8 @entity1 had 2 or more episodes. @entity4530 or bullae were identified on radiologic imaging in 16 @entity1 (9.6%). Four of 16 (25%) @entity1 with @entity4530 or bullae had a history of @entity5229 compared to 4 of 150 @entity1 (2.7%) without @entity4530 or bullae (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity4530 is relatively low in @entity1 with @entity1614 but the risk of pneumothorax is significantly higher in those with radiologically detectable @entity4530 or bullae. Chest CT scanning to identify @entity4530 and bullae may allow risk stratification for pneumothorax in @entity1 with @entity1614 .

title: Pneumothorax and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['apical blebs', 'blebs', 'Apical blebs']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['bullae in Marfan syndrome']


abstract: We have investigated the effect of using @entity927 ( @entity928 ) during peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) on peri-operative @entity190 and blood transfusion requirements. In addition we analysed whether the use of @entity928 was associated with an increased risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) following this procedure. A consecutive series of 96 PAOs, performed by a single surgeon, were reviewed. A total of 48 @entity1 received @entity928 and 48 did not. The @entity928 group received a continuous infusion of @entity928 at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome measure was the requirement for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes included @entity190 , the decrease in the level of haemoglobin in the blood, the length of hospital stay, and the complications of this treatment. The mean rate of transfusion was significantly lower in the @entity928 group (62.5% vs 12.5%, p  < 0.001). The mean @entity190 was also significantly reduced in the @entity928 group (1.9 L (standard deviation (sd) 0.9) vs 1.5 L (sd 0.7), p < 0.01). No post-operative episodes of @entity1211 were identified in either group. The use of @entity928 reduced the @entity190 and the rate of transfusion after PAO significantly, without adverse effects such as an increased rate of @entity1211 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1604-7.

title: XXXX reduces the @entity190 and blood transfusion requirements following peri-acetabular osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'total blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: We have investigated the effect of using @entity927 ( @entity928 ) during peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) on peri-operative @entity190 and blood transfusion requirements. In addition we analysed whether the use of @entity928 was associated with an increased risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) following this procedure. A consecutive series of 96 PAOs, performed by a single surgeon, were reviewed. A total of 48 @entity1 received @entity928 and 48 did not. The @entity928 group received a continuous infusion of @entity928 at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome measure was the requirement for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes included @entity190 , the decrease in the level of haemoglobin in the blood, the length of hospital stay, and the complications of this treatment. The mean rate of transfusion was significantly lower in the @entity928 group (62.5% vs 12.5%, p  < 0.001). The mean @entity190 was also significantly reduced in the @entity928 group (1.9 L (standard deviation (sd) 0.9) vs 1.5 L (sd 0.7), p < 0.01). No post-operative episodes of @entity1211 were identified in either group. The use of @entity928 reduced the @entity190 and the rate of transfusion after PAO significantly, without adverse effects such as an increased rate of @entity1211 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1604-7.

title: @entity927 reduces the XXXX and blood transfusion requirements following peri-acetabular osteotomy.

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: The @entity2783 constitute a group of diseases in which misfolding of extracellular proteins plays a fundamental role. The aggregation of normally soluble proteins into insoluble unbranching fibrils is the basic underlying pathology in @entity2783 . The process of amyloid formation generates toxic insoluble (in saline) protein aggregates that are deposited in tissues in the form of b- pleated sheets of fibrillary material. The @entity2783 are considered to be part of the so-called protein storage diseases (protein thesauroses). In addition, due to the unusual protein folding associated with amyloid, this group of diseases has been referred to as conformational and @entity5085 . For many years @entity2783 was considered an extremely rare, somewhat @entity23006 . However, in recent years its pathogenesis, particularly that of @entity12042 , has been carefully dissected in the research laboratory using in vitro and, to a lesser extent, in vivo models. These have provided a molecular understanding of sequential events that take place in the renal mesangium leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils and eventual extrusion into the mesangial matrix, which itself becomes seriously damaged and, in due time, replaced by the fibrillary material. Amyloid, once considered to be an 'inert' substance, has been proven to be involved in crucial biological processes that result in the destruction and eventual replacement of normal renal constituents. Although there are more than two dozen recognized amyloid precursor proteins (and new ones being added to the list) that can be involved in the genesis of amyloid fibrils, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that occur in the renal mesangium are likely to be very similar, if not the same, regardless of the type of @entity2783 . Likewise, the same is true of amyloid formation in the renal vasculature. Mesangial cells are essentially smooth muscle cells and the events that take place in the mesangium and vasculature (where smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes are present) in the entire body responsible for the formation of amyloid are the same. In the renal interstitium, fibroblasts likely participate in the formation of amyloid, following a similar sequence of events as smooth muscle cells. Although much of the information gathered has been from in vitro systems, an in vivo model of @entity12042 has recently been designed to study renal amyloidogenesis. Crucial steps in the cascade of events that result in the formation of amyloid fibrils have been elucidated in the laboratory. The information that has been gathered regarding the pathogenesis of @entity2783 has been translated to the clinical arena where implementation of new therapeutic approaches is beginning to occur. Additional molecular-based therapies will be implemented in the near future.

title: XXXX : current views on pathogenesis and impact on diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity23006 :: ('MESH:D019318', 'Disease') :: ['mysterious disease']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5085 :: ('MESH:D057165', 'Disease') :: ['protein folding disorders']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidoses', 'amyloidosis']

answer: @entity12042 :: (MESH:C538249,Disease) :: ['Renal amyloidosis']


abstract: Revision of a cemented hemiarthroplasty of the hip may be a hazardous procedure with high rates of @entity532 . Removing well-fixed cement is time consuming and risks damaging already weak bone or perforating the femoral shaft. The cement-in-cement method avoids removal of intact cement and has shown good results when used for revision @entity572 ( @entity572 ). The use of this technique for the revision of a hemiarthroplasty to @entity572 has not been previously reported. A total of 28 consecutive hemiarthroplasties (in 28 @entity1 ) were revised to a @entity572 using an Exeter stem and the cement-in-cement technique. There were four @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; their mean age was 80 years (35 to 93). Clinical and radiographic data, as well as operative notes, were collected prospectively and no @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Four @entity1 died within two years of surgery. The mean follow up of the remainder was 70 months (25 to 124). Intra-operatively there was one proximal perforation, one crack of the femoral calcar and one @entity174 . No femoral components have required subsequent revision for @entity1349 or are radiologically loose. Four @entity1 with late complications (14%) have since undergone surgery (two for a peri-prosthetic fracture, and one each for @entity281 and recurrent dislocation) resulting in an overall major rate of complication of 35.7%. The cement-in-cement technique provides reliable femoral fixation in this elderly population and may reduce operating time and rates of complication. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1623-7.

title: Revision of hemiarthroplasty to XXXX using the cement-in-cement technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fracture']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: This study aimed to determine the long-term functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in @entity1 with Schatzker IV to VI @entity174 of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame. Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 @entity1 (62 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were 18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI @entity174 . All @entity174 united with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No @entity1 developed a @entity281 . The median range of movement (ROM) of the knee was 110(o) and the median Iowa score was 85. Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with no @entity281 ; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on the ROM or functional outcome. High-energy @entity174 of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1693-7.

title: Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI XXXX of the tibial plateau: 105 @entity174 at a mean follow-up of 7.8 years.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This study aimed to determine the long-term functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in @entity1 with Schatzker IV to VI @entity174 of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame. Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 @entity1 (62 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were 18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI @entity174 . All @entity174 united with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No @entity1 developed a @entity281 . The median range of movement (ROM) of the knee was 110(o) and the median Iowa score was 85. Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with no @entity281 ; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on the ROM or functional outcome. High-energy @entity174 of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1693-7.

title: Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI @entity174 of the tibial plateau: 105 XXXX at a mean follow-up of 7.8 years.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the implementation of the @entity5 screening program in Lithuania in 2004, @entity5 incidence rates have stabilized during a 4-year period: in 2006 and 2007, 508 and 485 new cases, respectively, were diagnosed. @entity1082 ) infection is one of the main risk factors for @entity5 and development of intraepithelial lesions. However, not only HPV, but also HPV type, is a very important factor for malignant transformation. Cervical intraepithelial lesions with @entity1799 and 18 more frequently progress to @entity5 . To date, in Lithuania, studies only on HPV prevalence and risk factors have been carried out, and less attention has been paid to the identification of HPV types. The aim of this study was to identify the most common HPV types in @entity1 with various cytological lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 246 @entity1 with various cytological lesions ( @entity10479 [ @entity10479 ], low-grade squamous @entity75 [LSIL], and high-grade squamous @entity75 [HSIL]) were included into the study. All the @entity1 were screened for @entity1083 followed by HPV typing for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 59. Polymerase chain reaction was used. RESULTS: Less than half (45.5%) of @entity1 with cytological lesions were infected with HPV. The highest prevalence of HPV was detected in @entity1 with HSILs (62.1%) and CIN2 (86.7%). HPV typing revealed that the most frequent type was @entity1799 (64.3%); HPV 18 and HPV 33 accounted for 5.4% and 4.5% of cases, respectively. Based on cytologic diagnosis, @entity1799 was more frequently found in @entity1 with HSILs than @entity1 with @entity10479 (77.8% vs. 50.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1083 in @entity1 with cytological lesions was 45.5%. The highest prevalence of HPV was detected in @entity1 with HSILs (cytologic investigation) and CIN2 (histologic investigation). @entity1799 is the most common type in @entity1 with various cervical intraepithelial lesions.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX types in cervical intraepithelial lesions].

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['ASCUS', 'atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections', 'HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Here, we report a series of 5 @entity1 (6 shoulders) diagnosed with @entity1109 of the shoulder joint in our clinic between 2005 and 2008. Initial diagnosis, previous treatment, and radiological and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. Four @entity1 had unilateral and 1 @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The presenting symptoms were @entity158 , @entity4 , and loss in range of motion. Active forward flexion and abduction ranged from 0   to 90  . @entity1183 and loss of temperature sense was evident in 3 @entity1 . Radiographs showed massive osteolysis of humeral head and glenoid process, and magnetic resonance imaging showed periarticular fluid collection, and degeneration at the rotator cuff and shoulder joint, resembling chronic @entity5414 or @entity242 . Biopsy was performed in 4 @entity1 before definitive diagnosis, and @entity1184 and @entity39 bone was found. Two @entity1 had a history of operated cervical @entity1644 , and the remaining 3 @entity1 were later diagnosed to have @entity1644 and referred to neurosurgery clinic, where 2 of those were operated. Four @entity1 were followed-up with symptomatic therapy, and 1 @entity1 underwent an unsuccessful shoulder arthroplasty in another clinic. As a conclusion, @entity1109 of the shoulder is rare, and correct diagnosis is possible by careful physical and neurological examination and pathologic evaluation when needed.

title: XXXX of the shoulder associated with @entity1644 : a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic arthropathy']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic arthropathy']


abstract: Here, we report a series of 5 @entity1 (6 shoulders) diagnosed with @entity1109 of the shoulder joint in our clinic between 2005 and 2008. Initial diagnosis, previous treatment, and radiological and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. Four @entity1 had unilateral and 1 @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The presenting symptoms were @entity158 , @entity4 , and loss in range of motion. Active forward flexion and abduction ranged from 0   to 90  . @entity1183 and loss of temperature sense was evident in 3 @entity1 . Radiographs showed massive osteolysis of humeral head and glenoid process, and magnetic resonance imaging showed periarticular fluid collection, and degeneration at the rotator cuff and shoulder joint, resembling chronic @entity5414 or @entity242 . Biopsy was performed in 4 @entity1 before definitive diagnosis, and @entity1184 and @entity39 bone was found. Two @entity1 had a history of operated cervical @entity1644 , and the remaining 3 @entity1 were later diagnosed to have @entity1644 and referred to neurosurgery clinic, where 2 of those were operated. Four @entity1 were followed-up with symptomatic therapy, and 1 @entity1 underwent an unsuccessful shoulder arthroplasty in another clinic. As a conclusion, @entity1109 of the shoulder is rare, and correct diagnosis is possible by careful physical and neurological examination and pathologic evaluation when needed.

title: @entity1109 of the shoulder associated with XXXX : a report of six cases.

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity528 , the knowledge of the status of cerebrovascular autoregulation can help to optimize the management of the cerebral perfusion pressure. This study characterizes dynamic and static cerebrovascular autoregulation during the first 7 days after severe @entity131 or @entity932 . METHODS: After approval from the IRB, 16 @entity1 were studied. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) was measured daily for the assessment of dynamic (10 @entity1 ) and static (16 @entity1 ) cerebrovascular autoregulation in both the middle cerebral arteries using the transcranial Doppler sonography. Dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation ( @entity72359 ) was measured using the cuff-deflation method and was expressed by the index of the @entity72359 . The index of the static cerebrovascular autoregulation (sAR) was calculated from changes in the CBFV in relation to drug-induced alterations of the arterial blood pressure. For statistical analyses, t test and mixed effect model were used. RESULTS: Both @entity72359 and sAR after @entity1545 were impaired in most of the @entity1 . The chronologic sequence of the @entity72359 at the ipsilateral injured hemisphere showed a significant decrease until day 4 followed by an incomplete recovery (P < 0.002). Changes in sAR were similar, however, they did not gain statistical significance. CBFV was lower at day 1-2 after injury in comparison with day 4 to 7 (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION: Daily measured @entity72359 and sAR were impaired after @entity1545 with a nadir on day 4 and consecutive incomplete recovery over time.

title: Serial measurement of static and dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: The production of @entity2419 by glucocorticoids and @entity3174 is a complicated interference of a complex developmental program involving many genetic and biochemical processes. The H-2 histocompatibility region includes genes which affect susceptibility to glucocorticoid- and @entity3174 -induced @entity2419 ; glucocorticoid receptor level in a variety of tissues including @entity2419 , adult thymuses and lungs; and the degree of inhibition of @entity3009 and @entity2871 production by glucocorticoids and @entity3174 in thymocytes. A gene linked to a minor histocompatibility locus (H-3) on the second chromosome also influences susceptibility to glucocorticoid and @entity3174 -induced @entity2419 . @entity3174 is an alternate ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor affecting @entity3009 and/or @entity2871 production. The capacity of glucocorticoids to induce @entity2419 is correlated with their anti-inflammatory potency. At least some of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids can be explained by the inhibition of @entity3009 and/or @entity2871 release, which in turn could be caused by inhibition of @entity1426 release from phospholipids. Similar mechanisms may be involved in @entity2419 induction, as exogenous @entity1426 injected into pregnant @entity35 and @entity19 at the same time as glucocorticoids reduces the teratogenic potency of the @entity230 and @entity3352 , and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, blocks the corrective action of @entity1426 . Glucocorticoids and @entity3174 cause a delay in shelf elevation, and this delay is promoted by fetal membranes and the tongue. However, the cells of the medial edge epithelium are programmed to die whether contact is made with the apposing shelf or not. Glucocorticoids and @entity3174 interfere with this programmed cell death, and this interference by both drugs seems to be a glucocorticoid receptor mediated event, to require protein synthesis and to be related to @entity1426 release.

title: Palatal development and the XXXX cascade.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'maternal and embryonic palates']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) are episodic alterations in behavior presumed to reflect a physical manifestation of underlying @entity458 . Standardized treatment approaches for PNES care are lacking. We evaluated common approaches to PNES management that do not require significant commitment of time and resources. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 with PNES established with video-EEG monitoring were randomized to one of the following three groups: 1) PNES diagnosis delivered per the discretion of the attending physician with advice to seek mental health assistance in the community (n=12), 2) scripted PNES diagnosis provided and inpatient psychiatry consult obtained (n=10), and 3) weekly follow-up phone calls made in addition to scripted diagnosis and inpatient psychiatry consultation (n=15). Reduction in event frequency measured at 8weeks following hospital discharge represented the primary outcome variable. Secondary variables analyzed included exploration of change in self-reported mood, quality of life, and healthcare utilization. RESULTS: No significant improvements were noted in @entity1 simply given a PNES diagnosis and advised to seek outside care on any measure. In contrast, @entity1 receiving a scripted diagnosis and @entity146 consultation demonstrated decreased PNES frequency accompanied by improved quality of life (QOL). @entity1 also receiving weekly phone calls not only demonstrated decreased PNES frequency and improvements in QOL but also exhibited improved mood. DISCUSSION: These findings demonstrate that providing diagnostic information regarding PNES is insufficient by itself to meaningfully affect @entity1 outcome. Structured feedback and @entity146 consultation appeared adequate to significantly reduce PNES frequency and improve aspects of quality of life, while the addition of a weekly phone contact also led to improved mood.

title: A standardized diagnostic approach and ongoing feedback improves outcome in psychogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: Total DNA partially digested by EcoR I was prepared for @entity16258 042B, in which 15-25 kb DNA fragments were collected. Vector pLAFR I was purified and digested by EcoR I, and then the various DNA fragments of 042B were ligated with pLAFR I by T4DNA ligase. Gene library of @entity16258 042B was constructed with pLAFR I using @entity526 S17-1 as recipient. The number of bacterial recombinants obtained was about 8,000 and 95% of them contained foreign DNA fragments. Using NTG, 042B was mutated on FY plates and 12 sensitive strains were screened at 0.5 mol/L @entity1219 from 2,000 colonies. One of them was named GZ17 and selected as a recipient strain. By biparental mating the foreign DNA fragments were introduced from gene library of strain 042B into recipient strain GZ17 which is sensitive to 0.5 mol/L @entity1219 . Then the transconjugants were grown on FY plates containing @entity803 (20 micrograms/mL) and 0.5 mol/L @entity1219 . A 7 kb inserted DNA fragment related to salt tolerance was obtained. In subcloning experiment, a 4 kb DNA fragment related to salt tolerance was obtained.

title: [Cloning of DNA fragment related to salt tolerance in XXXX 042B].

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity16258 :: (382,Species) :: ['Sinorhizobium meliloti']


abstract: The clinical course and outcome of @entity1276 diagnosed in utero is not well understood. To approach this problem 40 cases were reviewed of intrauterine fetal @entity1276 diagnosed with sonography, and follow-up information was obtained regarding them. Sonograms were evaluated for cerebral dimensions, biparietal diameter, brain mantle size, ventricular ratio, amount of amniotic fluid, and associated abnormalities. Neonatal brain sonograms and computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed also. Clinical charts were reviewed for maternal age and parity, referral source, family history, fetal age at diagnosis and delivery, mode of delivery, physical examination and/or autopsy findings, karyotype, amniotic @entity160 level, cause of @entity204 , shunt placement after birth, and status of live @entity1 . The observations indicate that the prognosis for fetal @entity1276 is poor. Only six @entity1 (15%) were alive after an average follow-up of 13 months. Three @entity1 were normal and the other three had @entity16 ranging from severe ( @entity912 and @entity322 ) to minimal (2-3 months delayed motor development). Thirty-four fetuses or neonates died. Nine families elected to terminate pregnancy. Ten opted for decompression at delivery for progressive @entity1276 . @entity601 were present in 12 of 23 @entity1 at delivery. Fourteen other @entity1 had additional significant @entity154 . Other abnormal sonographic findings included @entity2978 (13 of 38), @entity2906 or decreased fluid (nine of 38), neural tube defect (nine of 40), and other @entity154 (nine of 40). These findings indicate that @entity1276 diagnosed in utero by sonography is caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders. In general, the prognosis for normal development is poor. Individual prognoses, however, depend on the specific @entity600 and the interventions used.

title: Clinical course of fetal XXXX : 40 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 1 fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: The lower sensitivity of the inflamed nasal mucosa to glucocorticoids might be related to an increased expression of the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) beta isoform. We investigated GRalpha and GRbeta mRNA expression in epithelial cells from nasal mucosa and @entity480 . GRalpha mRNA was at least 1000 times more expressed than GRbeta mRNA in both tissues. GRbeta expression (mean+/-SEM of 10(3) cDNA copies/microg of total RNA) was higher in @entity480 (1.15+/-0.19; n=27; P<0.01) than in nasal mucosa (0.62+/-0.10; n=32). @entity480 with > 3% of inflammatory cells had higher GRbeta levels (1.40+/-0.29; n=16) than both nasal mucosa (P<0.01) and @entity1127 with < or = 3% of inflammatory cells (0.80+/-0.18; n=11; P<0.05). No difference in GRbeta expression was found between nasal mucosa and @entity1127 with < or = 3% of inflammatory cells. GRbeta expression correlated with the inflammatory cell number, especially with mast cells (r=0.50, P<0.0001). There was no difference in GRalpha mRNA expression between nasal mucosa and @entity480 . In summary, GRalpha is far more expressed than GRbeta in both tissues. The increased expression of GRbeta may be related to the presence of inflammatory cells.

title: Expression of the XXXX alpha and beta isoforms in human nasal mucosa and polyp epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal polyps', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

answer: @entity4738 :: (2908,Gene) :: ['glucocorticoid receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Markers of @entity32 , acute-phase reactants, and growth factors may be concomitantly involved in a number of pathologic processes in the general population and uremic @entity1 . In addition, growth factors may influence peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. However, the association between plasma growth factors, markers of @entity32 , and peritoneal membrane transport remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of selected growth factors [ @entity540 ( @entity540 ), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 )] and markers of @entity32 [ @entity650 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and fibrinogen] in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) @entity1 . The potential link between the above substances and dialysis adequacy was also explored. DESIGN: Single-center, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krak  w, Poland. @entity1 : 32 stable @entity454 @entity1 (13 M, 19 F; mean age 53.6 +/- 13.7 years) on CAPD for a median period of 19.5 months. @entity1 free from signs and symptoms of any @entity32 (including @entity298 ) for at least 3 months were included into the study. All @entity1 underwent measurements of dialysis dose [Kt/V, weekly @entity1011 clearance (wCCr)] and peritoneal solute transport using a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET). METHODS: @entity2533 , @entity540 , @entity7 , and @entity650 were measured with ELISA, @entity1851 was assayed with immunonephelometry, and fibrinogen with Multifibren U reagent (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany). Nephron 97 for Windows software was used to assess dialysis adequacy. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between plasma @entity540 and @entity650 , as well as fibrinogen concentrations (R = 0.36, p < 0.05 and R = 0.39, p < 0.05, respectively), were found. @entity7 correlated significantly with @entity650 and @entity1851 (R = 0.65, p < 0.0001 and R = 0.51, p < 0.005, respectively). An association between @entity7 and @entity540 was also found (R = 0.59, p < 0.0005). Serum level of @entity2533 revealed no relationship with any marker of acute-phase activation, remaining growth factors, or dialysis adequacy. Positive correlation between @entity2533 concentration and dialysate-to-plasma ratio for @entity1011 in PET (R = 0.35, p < 0.05) was found. In addition, @entity1 with lower solute transport (low/low-average transporters) had lower serum levels of both @entity540 and @entity2533 compared to @entity1 with higher solute transport. @entity1 with total wCCr > 60 L/ week/m2 were characterized by lower levels of @entity540 and @entity650 . Serum level of @entity650 and plasma levels of @entity540 and @entity7 were significantly lower among subjects with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) > 2.0 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that systemic @entity32 in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 is associated with increased plasma @entity7 and @entity540 but not @entity2533 . The negative correlation with @entity177 suggests that either the renal clearance of these cytokines and growth factors may contribute to their elimination, or cytokines and growth factors have a negative impact on @entity177 . We also suggest an association between serum levels of growth factors tested and peritoneal membrane function.

title: Selected growth factors in peritoneal dialysis: their relationship to markers of @entity32 , dialysis adequacy, XXXX , and peritoneal membrane transport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['residual renal function', 'RRF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGFbeta1', 'transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['residual renal function']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Markers of @entity32 , acute-phase reactants, and growth factors may be concomitantly involved in a number of pathologic processes in the general population and uremic @entity1 . In addition, growth factors may influence peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. However, the association between plasma growth factors, markers of @entity32 , and peritoneal membrane transport remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma levels of selected growth factors [ @entity540 ( @entity540 ), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 )] and markers of @entity32 [ @entity650 , @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and fibrinogen] in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) @entity1 . The potential link between the above substances and dialysis adequacy was also explored. DESIGN: Single-center, cross-sectional study. SETTING: Peritoneal Dialysis Unit, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Krak  w, Poland. @entity1 : 32 stable @entity454 @entity1 (13 M, 19 F; mean age 53.6 +/- 13.7 years) on CAPD for a median period of 19.5 months. @entity1 free from signs and symptoms of any @entity32 (including @entity298 ) for at least 3 months were included into the study. All @entity1 underwent measurements of dialysis dose [Kt/V, weekly @entity1011 clearance (wCCr)] and peritoneal solute transport using a standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET). METHODS: @entity2533 , @entity540 , @entity7 , and @entity650 were measured with ELISA, @entity1851 was assayed with immunonephelometry, and fibrinogen with Multifibren U reagent (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany). Nephron 97 for Windows software was used to assess dialysis adequacy. RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between plasma @entity540 and @entity650 , as well as fibrinogen concentrations (R = 0.36, p < 0.05 and R = 0.39, p < 0.05, respectively), were found. @entity7 correlated significantly with @entity650 and @entity1851 (R = 0.65, p < 0.0001 and R = 0.51, p < 0.005, respectively). An association between @entity7 and @entity540 was also found (R = 0.59, p < 0.0005). Serum level of @entity2533 revealed no relationship with any marker of acute-phase activation, remaining growth factors, or dialysis adequacy. Positive correlation between @entity2533 concentration and dialysate-to-plasma ratio for @entity1011 in PET (R = 0.35, p < 0.05) was found. In addition, @entity1 with lower solute transport (low/low-average transporters) had lower serum levels of both @entity540 and @entity2533 compared to @entity1 with higher solute transport. @entity1 with total wCCr > 60 L/ week/m2 were characterized by lower levels of @entity540 and @entity650 . Serum level of @entity650 and plasma levels of @entity540 and @entity7 were significantly lower among subjects with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) > 2.0 mL/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that systemic @entity32 in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 is associated with increased plasma @entity7 and @entity540 but not @entity2533 . The negative correlation with @entity177 suggests that either the renal clearance of these cytokines and growth factors may contribute to their elimination, or cytokines and growth factors have a negative impact on @entity177 . We also suggest an association between serum levels of growth factors tested and peritoneal membrane function.

title: Selected growth factors in peritoneal dialysis: their relationship to markers of XXXX , dialysis adequacy, @entity177 , and peritoneal membrane transport.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity18245 , a slow-release @entity1943 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity1 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity2012 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity18245 therapy. Fifteen @entity1 (78.9%) had @entity4346 . @entity18245 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4346 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity1 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity64 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity1 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity1 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity18245 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of XXXX and arrhythmias after @entity18245 -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in @entity2012 . A prospective multi-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['lanreotide', 'Lanreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity18245 , a slow-release @entity1943 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity1 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity2012 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity18245 therapy. Fifteen @entity1 (78.9%) had @entity4346 . @entity18245 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4346 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity1 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity64 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity1 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity1 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity18245 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of @entity4346 and arrhythmias after XXXX -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in @entity2012 . A prospective multi-center study.

answer: @entity18245 :: (MESH:C060347,Chemical) :: ['lanreotide']


abstract: We report the results of a prospective Italian multi-center study of the effects of @entity18245 , a slow-release @entity1943 analog, on left ventricular morphology and function and on the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmic events in 19 @entity1 with active, newly diagnosed, uncomplicated @entity2012 . Cardiac features were evaluated with Doppler-echocardiography and 24-h Holter ECG monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of @entity18245 therapy. Fifteen @entity1 (78.9%) had @entity4346 . @entity18245 treatment significantly decreased the left ventricular mass (127.8+/-6.9 vs 140.7+/-7.1 g/m2, p<0.001) and @entity4346 significantly disappeared in 6 of these @entity1 . Treatment did not significantly affect systolic function, whereas it increased the Doppler-derived early-to-late mitral flow velocity, (E/A) ratio, of early-to-late trans-mitral flow velocity (1.34+/-0.1 vs 1.09+/-0.06, p=0.001). @entity64 volume was slightly but not significantly increased after treatment, whereas systolic BP was significantly higher (134+/-14 vs 129+/-13 mmHg, p<0.05). The 24-h mean heart rate was significantly reduced after treatment (66.5+/-11 vs 71.5+/-20 beats/min, p<0.05). Supra-ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 16.6% of @entity1 and were unaffected by treatment. Differently, ventricular premature beats (>50/24 h) occurred in 33.3% of @entity1 before treatment vs 16.5%, after treatment. In conclusion, @entity18245 reduced the left ventricular mass, and improved ventricular filling and ventricular arrhythmic profile.

title: Improvement of @entity4346 and arrhythmias after @entity18245 -induced GH and IGF-I decrease in XXXX . A prospective multi-center study.

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: The crude protein content and @entity535 profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, @entity2829 gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, @entity1460 meal, fullfat @entity1460 extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of @entity1522 was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected @entity535 profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for @entity2829 gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for @entity367 , @entity3793 , @entity376 and @entity1521 and decreased disappearance for branched-chain @entity1522 . The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual @entity1522 were @entity1853 and @entity6778 in rapeseed meal, @entity3793 and @entity1853 in rapeseed meal protected and @entity369 in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest @entity535 digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting @entity1522 . Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of @entity1522 .

title: XXXX profile of escaped feed protein after rumen incubation and their intestinal digestibility.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early onset @entity2048 have been considered a rare heterogeneous group with a poor prognosis. Only few @entity1 may be categorized into well-known syndromes. We have evaluated electroclinical features, evolution, and the nosologic boundaries of early onset @entity2048 . METHODS: Forty-six neurologically normal @entity1 with @entity2048 associated with bilateral, synchronic, or asynchronic, and symmetric or asymmetric spike-and-wave paroxysms with onset in the first 3 years of life were included. @entity1 with abnormal neurologic examination and brain imaging were excluded from the study. KEY FINDINGS: In our study, 39 @entity1 met the clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) criteria of well-defined @entity302 . @entity2048 was found in 11 @entity1 , @entity3148 in @entity950 in 18 @entity1 , eyelid @entity3148 in 4, and @entity302 with @entity3148 in 6. We did not find clinical and EEG criteria of well-recognized @entity302 in seven @entity1 . Nine of 11 @entity1 with simple @entity2048 became @entity410 free. All these @entity1 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations. Of the 35 @entity1 who had @entity2048 associated with @entity410 , 20 became @entity410 free. Fifteen of 35 @entity1 continue having @entity410 . At the last visit, 20 of these 35 @entity1 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations, 11 presented with mild @entity1032 , and 4 with severe @entity1032 . SIGNIFICANCE: @entity302 with @entity2048 of early onset are relatively uncommon. Most of the @entity1 had well-defined @entity302 with a variable evolution. The evolution depended on the @entity302 .

title: XXXX in the first 3 years of life: an electroclinical study of 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'Childhood absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic absences', 'benign myoclonic epilepsy', 'myoclonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['Absence seizures']


abstract: Autophagy is a dynamic process of protein degradation. Induction of autophagy by @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has been noted in @entity11 cell lines. Twenty-eight specimens, obtained from 14 @entity1 before and after @entity2904 treatment, were analyzed to investigate whether induction of autophagy could be detected in surgical specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Macroautophagy was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis employing anti-light chain 3 isoform B ( @entity16401 ) and @entity3220 ( @entity3220 ) antibodies; chaperone-mediated autophagy was monitored by anti-LAMP2A antibody immunostaining. Furthermore, detection of @entity16401 protein by Western blotting was performed on six specimens obtained from the preserved frozen tissues of three @entity1 . All specimens showed dot-like staining for each immunostain in the cytoplasm of @entity11 cells, indicating induction of autophagy. @entity16401 , @entity3220 and LAMP2A immunostains were semiquantitatively scored from 1 to 3 points. Combination of the three scores after @entity2904 treatment (6.4        1.2) showed a significant increase (P   =   0.020) compared to pre-treatment scores (5.2        1.5). Western blotting for @entity16401 showed increased @entity16401 -I and @entity16401 -II expression after @entity2904 treatment. The present study proved that autophagy monitoring by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens was feasible. These results suggest that autophagy is induced by @entity2904 .

title: Induction of autophagy in XXXX treated @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3220 :: ('3916', 'Gene') :: ['LAMP1', 'anti-lysosome-associated membrane protein 1']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: Autophagy is a dynamic process of protein degradation. Induction of autophagy by @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) has been noted in @entity11 cell lines. Twenty-eight specimens, obtained from 14 @entity1 before and after @entity2904 treatment, were analyzed to investigate whether induction of autophagy could be detected in surgical specimens by immunohistochemical analysis. Macroautophagy was monitored by immunohistochemical analysis employing anti-light chain 3 isoform B ( @entity16401 ) and @entity3220 ( @entity3220 ) antibodies; chaperone-mediated autophagy was monitored by anti-LAMP2A antibody immunostaining. Furthermore, detection of @entity16401 protein by Western blotting was performed on six specimens obtained from the preserved frozen tissues of three @entity1 . All specimens showed dot-like staining for each immunostain in the cytoplasm of @entity11 cells, indicating induction of autophagy. @entity16401 , @entity3220 and LAMP2A immunostains were semiquantitatively scored from 1 to 3 points. Combination of the three scores after @entity2904 treatment (6.4        1.2) showed a significant increase (P   =   0.020) compared to pre-treatment scores (5.2        1.5). Western blotting for @entity16401 showed increased @entity16401 -I and @entity16401 -II expression after @entity2904 treatment. The present study proved that autophagy monitoring by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens was feasible. These results suggest that autophagy is induced by @entity2904 .

title: Induction of autophagy in @entity2903 treated XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2269 (sclerosing) responses to a variety of @entity5 have been documented but rarely evaluated in association with primary @entity957 ( @entity6461 ). We report a distinctive variant of @entity6461 demonstrating an infiltrative growth pattern and @entity3985 . METHODS: Cases were identified through a retrospective review of our dermatopathology and dermatologic surgery databases. After initiation of the study, additional cases were identified prospectively. Neoplasms were scored microscopically for specific histopathologic parameters and reactivity with selected histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Clinical follow-up data were obtained through a review of medical records or contact with the @entity1 's referring physicians. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity189 from 72 @entity1 were identified (46 @entity1 , 26 @entity1 ; median age 76, range 45-91). The original pretreatment biopsies were available in 69 of 73 cases. All lesions developed on sun-damaged skin, with the cheek constituting the most common site. The clinical presentation was typically as a @entity3808 . All @entity5 extended into the reticular dermis or subcutaneous fat, and @entity3 was identified in 53 cases (73%). @entity1 who underwent standard excisional surgery experienced a recurrence rate of 80%; 9% of those treated with micrographic surgery experienced postoperative recurrences. @entity3 or @entity204 was not observed in any @entity1 during the follow-up period (median 36 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that desmoplasia is uncommonly found in association with cutaneous @entity6461 but helps define a @entity146 . In light of the infiltrative nature of desmoplastic @entity6461 of the skin and the high incidence of @entity3 , micrographic surgery is the surgical modality of choice.

title: XXXX , an underemphasized locally aggressive variant: a 20-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['locally aggressive variant of carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['stromal desmoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'perineural invasion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma-related death']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Sclerosing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin']


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity1 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity453 . All @entity1 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity1 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity26 , @entity544 , @entity413 , free @entity1718 , @entity880 , @entity493 , @entity2227 , @entity1160 , @entity3265 and @entity1133 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity26 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity26 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity1568 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity1568 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with @entity413 -insulin- XXXX infusion during pacing in @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity1 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity453 . All @entity1 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity1 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity26 , @entity544 , @entity413 , free @entity1718 , @entity880 , @entity493 , @entity2227 , @entity1160 , @entity3265 and @entity1133 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity26 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity26 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity1568 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity1568 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with XXXX -insulin- @entity972 infusion during pacing in @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The metabolic and mechanical effects of a solution of @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 (G-I-K) were investigated in 18 @entity1 who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization for @entity453 . All @entity1 were paced at a rate of approximately 140 beats/min before and after infusion of G-I-K. Basal and paced left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, arterial substrate levels and osmolarity were measured in all 18 @entity1 . In 13 @entity1 cardiac index was also measured. In 5 @entity1 arterial-coronary sinus measurements of @entity26 , @entity544 , @entity413 , free @entity1718 , @entity880 , @entity493 , @entity2227 , @entity1160 , @entity3265 and @entity1133 were made, in addition to coronary sinus blood flow. G-I-K increased the blood sugar level to approximately 200 mg/dl and raised the serum osmolarity 9 mosmol. Pacing alone raised the cardiac index 4% and pacing with G-I-K increased the cardiac index 6% (p less than 0.05). Pacing before G-I-K augmented dP/dt (21%) and pacing with G-I-K increased it (30%) (p less than 0.01). The metabolic changes noted included a shift in the respiratory quotient from 0.77 to 0.96 with G-I-K infusion (p less than 0.05). During G-I-K infusion the myocardial @entity26 consumption at rest increased from 17.1 to 21.8 ml/min (23%, p less than 0.05). Myocardial @entity26 consumption during pacing was similar before and after G-I-K infusion. Before G-I-K infusion @entity1568 balance was slightly positive; after G-I-K infusion it was negative with regard to the @entity1568 -containing compounds measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Improved myocardial contractility with @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 infusion during pacing in XXXX .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MA test) for the diagnosis of @entity1 @entity2926 . Of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the Republic of Panama, 102 sera were positive in the MA test and 93 of these sera were positive in the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA. Incidence of @entity281 was 50 of 68 @entity1 with the MA test and 48 of 68 in the IgM Dot-ELISA. Five MA test-positive sera were reactive only in the IgG-specific Dot-ELISA, suggesting previous exposure. All 21 infecting serovars of @entity2928 , as determined by positive reactions in the MA test or culture of blood and urine specimens, were reactive in the Dot-ELISA. Of 75 sera negative in the MA test, 61 were nonreactive in the Dot-ELISA. However, 9 of these 14 Dot-ELISA-positive/MA test-negative sera were acute samples from @entity1 whose later sera were MA test-positive. Positive reactions in the IgM Dot-ELISA occurred in 2 of 30 control, 4 of 10 Lyme disease, 1 of 11 relapsing @entity221 , and 1 of 8 yaws sera; 10 @entity1065 @entity1 sera were nonreactive. The IgM-specific Dot-ELISA appears to be sensitive and specific for the serodiagnosis of acute @entity2926 . In addition, this rapid test is inexpensive, simple to perform, utilizes minute volumes of killed leptospiral antigen and is easily adaptable to field use.

title: Rapid serodiagnosis of XXXX using the IgM-specific Dot-ELISA: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity2928 :: ('173', 'Species') :: ['Leptospira interrogans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2926 :: (MESH:D007922,Disease) :: ['leptospirosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tenocytes have been implicated in the development of @entity924 , a chronic condition commonly seen in musculoskeletal overuse syndromes. However, the relation between abnormal tenocyte morphology and early changes in the fibrillar collagen matrix has not been closely examined in vivo. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a recently developed technique which allows examination of fibrillar collagen structures with a high degree of specificity and resolution. The goal of this study was to examine the potential utility of SHG and multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF) microscopy in understanding the relation between tenocytes and their surrounding collagenous matrix in early @entity75 . METHODS: Histological preparations of tendon were prepared from adult male @entity35 subjected to an Achilles tendon loading protocol for 12 weeks ( @entity35 -A-PED), or from sedentary age-matched cage controls. Second harmonic generation and multiphoton excitation fluorescence were performed simultaneously on these tissue sections in at least three different areas. RESULTS: SHG microscopy revealed an association between abnormal tenocyte morphology and morphological changes in the fibrillar collagen matrix of mechanically loaded Achilles tendons. Collagen density and organization was significantly reduced in focal micro-regions of mechanically loaded tendons. These pathological changes occurred specifically in association with altered tenocyte morphology. Normal tendons displayed a regular distribution of fibre bundles, and the average size of these bundles as determined by Gaussian analysis was 0.47  m    0.02. In comparison, fibre bundle measures from tendon regions in the vicinity of abnormal tenocytes could not be quantified due to a reduction in their regularity of distribution and orientation. CONCLUSIONS: SHG microscopy allowed high resolution detection of focal @entity427 affecting the fibrillar collagen matrix. With ongoing repetitive loading, these tenocyte-associated focal collagen defects could predispose to the progression of overuse pathology.

title: Second harmonic generation analysis of early Achilles XXXX in response to in vivo mechanical loading.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tendon overuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['tendon abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood @entity1252 (cSLE) has a higher prevalence of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ), and there are ethnic variations in response to treatment as well as outcome of @entity1988 . There are limited data on long-term outcome of @entity1988 in cSLE from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of @entity1 with cSLE (satisfying revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria for diagnosis) and age of onset <18 years was conducted from 1989 to 2013. Data on clinical features, renal involvement and biopsy findings, treatment, renal outcome, damage accrual and mortality were collected. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) was defined as the need for renal replacement therapy. Actuarial @entity454 -free survival was studied as the primary outcome measure using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Among 205 @entity1 with cSLE, 134 (121 @entity1 ) had evidence of @entity1988 . The mean age at disease onset was 13.7        3.5 years and the mean disease duration at presentation was 1.9        2.5 years. Kidney biopsy was available for 92 @entity1 , and histology included: 13 (14.2%) Class II, 24 (26%) Class III, 43 (46.7%) Class IV and 12 (13.1%) Class V @entity1988 . The mean follow-up period was 6.75        5.7 years. At last visit, 81 (60.4%) @entity1 were in complete remission, 28 (20.9%) were in partial remission, 15 (11.2%) still had active @entity1310 and 10 (7.4%) had progressed to @entity454 . Almost two-thirds (62.9%) of @entity1 experienced @entity1252 , and mean flare rate was 0.09 flares/ @entity1 follow-up year. Fifty-six (43.8%) @entity1 accrued damage and the mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR damage score was 0.79        1.13. Actuarial @entity454 -free survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.1%, 79% and 76.2%, and five-, 10- and 15-year renal survival was 93.8%, 87.1% and 84%, respectively. Although multiple factors individually predicted poor outcome ( @entity204 / @entity454 ), only raised serum @entity1011 at onset (R square   =   0.65, p    <=   0.0001) and damage accrual (R square   =   0.62, p    <=   0.0001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. Eleven (8.2%) @entity1 died during the follow-up period, and @entity281 were the leading cause of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome of @entity1988 in cSLE in our cohort was better than previous reports from India. However, a high rate of major @entity281 still remains the leading cause of mortality.

title: Outcome of @entity1988 in childhood onset XXXX in North and Central India: single-centre experience over 25 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'lupus flares']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Childhood @entity1252 (cSLE) has a higher prevalence of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ), and there are ethnic variations in response to treatment as well as outcome of @entity1988 . There are limited data on long-term outcome of @entity1988 in cSLE from the Indian subcontinent. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of case records of @entity1 with cSLE (satisfying revised American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 criteria for diagnosis) and age of onset <18 years was conducted from 1989 to 2013. Data on clinical features, renal involvement and biopsy findings, treatment, renal outcome, damage accrual and mortality were collected. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) was defined as the need for renal replacement therapy. Actuarial @entity454 -free survival was studied as the primary outcome measure using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Among 205 @entity1 with cSLE, 134 (121 @entity1 ) had evidence of @entity1988 . The mean age at disease onset was 13.7        3.5 years and the mean disease duration at presentation was 1.9        2.5 years. Kidney biopsy was available for 92 @entity1 , and histology included: 13 (14.2%) Class II, 24 (26%) Class III, 43 (46.7%) Class IV and 12 (13.1%) Class V @entity1988 . The mean follow-up period was 6.75        5.7 years. At last visit, 81 (60.4%) @entity1 were in complete remission, 28 (20.9%) were in partial remission, 15 (11.2%) still had active @entity1310 and 10 (7.4%) had progressed to @entity454 . Almost two-thirds (62.9%) of @entity1 experienced @entity1252 , and mean flare rate was 0.09 flares/ @entity1 follow-up year. Fifty-six (43.8%) @entity1 accrued damage and the mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR damage score was 0.79        1.13. Actuarial @entity454 -free survival at five, 10 and 15 years was 91.1%, 79% and 76.2%, and five-, 10- and 15-year renal survival was 93.8%, 87.1% and 84%, respectively. Although multiple factors individually predicted poor outcome ( @entity204 / @entity454 ), only raised serum @entity1011 at onset (R square   =   0.65, p    <=   0.0001) and damage accrual (R square   =   0.62, p    <=   0.0001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. Eleven (8.2%) @entity1 died during the follow-up period, and @entity281 were the leading cause of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term outcome of @entity1988 in cSLE in our cohort was better than previous reports from India. However, a high rate of major @entity281 still remains the leading cause of mortality.

title: Outcome of XXXX in childhood onset @entity1252 in North and Central India: single-centre experience over 25 years.

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: Quantitative description of @entity299 is desirable to assist in detecting @entity296 from gated myocardial perfusion (GMP) emission computed tomography (ECT) images. While "optical flow" type of @entity299 estimation (ME) techniques have been developed in the past, there has been no quantitative evaluation of their performance. Moreover, no investigation has been performed in terms of applying an ME technique to quantify @entity299 . Using the four-dimensional NCAT beating heart phantom with known built-in motion, the current work aimed at addressing the aforementioned two issues. A three-dimensional cardiac ME technique was developed to search for a @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) that establishes voxel-by-voxel correspondence between two GMP ECT images. The weighted myocardial strain energy served as the constraint in the process to minimize the difference between one intensity image and the @entity2194 warped other. We studied the convergence of the ME technique using different initial estimates and cost functions. The dependence of estimated @entity2194 on the initialization was attributed to the tangential motion that is undetectable while not suppressed by the strain energy constraint. We optimized the strain energy constraint weighting using noise-free phantom images and noisy reconstructed images, the former against the known @entity2194 and the later in the task of regional motion classification. While the results from the above two studies well coincide with each other, we also demonstrated that upon appropriate optimization the ME method has the capability of serving as a computer motion observer in separating simulated noisy reconstructed GMP SPECT images corresponding to hearts with and without regional motion abnormalities.

title: Quantitative study of XXXX estimation and abnormality classification in emission computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['MVF', 'motion vector field']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac motion', 'cardiac motion abnormalities']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac motion']