abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the clinicopathologic features of primary @entity706 of the parotid gland based on analysis of our cases and to compare the results with similar studies in the literature. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized case study. SETTING: Academic, tertiary medical center. @entity1 : Forty-one consecutive cases of @entity706 of the parotid gland were identified among 820 @entity1 who had undergone parotid surgery during the course of 22 years. Thirty-three (80%) of these were @entity706 and were included in the study. Eight (20%) occurred in @entity1 with a history of @entity706 and were therefore excluded. INTERVENTION: Diagnosis was established by open parotid biopsy in 8 @entity1 , superficial lobectomy in 23, and total parotidectomy in 2. After diagnosis, @entity706 were staged and treated with local irradiation and/or chemotherapy. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 and 18 @entity1 aged 26 to 100 years (mean, 66 years) had an enlarging painless mass on initial examination. Seven (21%) had an underlying @entity792 and 20 (61%) had Ann Arbor stage 1 disease at diagnosis. Of 25 @entity1 available for a minimum 2-year follow-up, 16 (64%) were alive with or without disease. Histological grade was the only prognostic feature associated with outcome (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study, when viewed collectively with those in the literature, indicates that @entity706 of the parotid gland are uncommon and often not suspected clinically. The disease affects both sexes equally and is unusual before the age of 50 years. Most are B-cell, @entity1893 , and about 80% of @entity1 have Ann Arbor stage I or II disease at diagnosis.

title: Primary XXXX of the parotid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas', 'primary lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity2689 who were treated with @entity172 were more likely to have @entity170 and @entity174 . METHODS: Areal bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured in 40 adult @entity1 with @entity2689 and 43 age-matched healthy @entity1 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histories of @entity172 treatment and @entity174 were obtained by structured personal interviews. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) areal bone density was significantly lower at the lumbar spine (0.87 +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) vs. 0.98 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2), P <0.001) and femoral neck (0.68 +/- 0.07 g/ cm(2) vs. 0.83 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2), P <0.001) in @entity1 with @entity2689 than in controls. The diagnostic criterion for @entity170 (T-score <-2.5) was met by 8 @entity1 with @entity2689 (20%) with scores at the lumbar spine and by 3 (8%) with scores at the femoral neck. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 were less than 150 cm in height. Areal bone density correlated significantly with height (lumbar spine: R(2) = 0.3, P <0.001; femoral neck: R(2) = 0.4, P <0.001). Adjustments for skeletal size reduced the differences between the groups as well as the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 (e.g., from 8 to 2 @entity1 based on lumbar spine scores). The prevalence and type of @entity174 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity170 and @entity174 is not increased significantly in @entity1 with @entity2689 who are treated with standard @entity172 therapy. @entity1 less than 150 cm in height are likely to be misdiagnosed with @entity170 when areal bone density is measured, unless adjustments for body size are made.

title: Bone mineral density and @entity174 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity2689 who were treated with @entity172 were more likely to have @entity170 and @entity174 . METHODS: Areal bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured in 40 adult @entity1 with @entity2689 and 43 age-matched healthy @entity1 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histories of @entity172 treatment and @entity174 were obtained by structured personal interviews. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) areal bone density was significantly lower at the lumbar spine (0.87 +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) vs. 0.98 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2), P <0.001) and femoral neck (0.68 +/- 0.07 g/ cm(2) vs. 0.83 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2), P <0.001) in @entity1 with @entity2689 than in controls. The diagnostic criterion for @entity170 (T-score <-2.5) was met by 8 @entity1 with @entity2689 (20%) with scores at the lumbar spine and by 3 (8%) with scores at the femoral neck. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 were less than 150 cm in height. Areal bone density correlated significantly with height (lumbar spine: R(2) = 0.3, P <0.001; femoral neck: R(2) = 0.4, P <0.001). Adjustments for skeletal size reduced the differences between the groups as well as the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 (e.g., from 8 to 2 @entity1 based on lumbar spine scores). The prevalence and type of @entity174 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity170 and @entity174 is not increased significantly in @entity1 with @entity2689 who are treated with standard @entity172 therapy. @entity1 less than 150 cm in height are likely to be misdiagnosed with @entity170 when areal bone density is measured, unless adjustments for body size are made.

title: Bone mineral density and XXXX in @entity2689 .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the impact on histologic and behavioral outcome of an interval of retrograde cerebral perfusion after @entity1416 , comparing retrograde cerebral perfusion with and without @entity432 with continued antegrade perfusion. METHODS: Sixty Yorkshire @entity1707 (27 to 30 kg) were randomly assigned to the following groups: antegrade cerebral perfusion control; antegrade cerebral perfusion after @entity887 ; retrograde cerebral perfusion control; retrograde cerebral perfusion after @entity887 ; retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 , retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 control, and retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 after @entity887 . After cooling to 20 degrees C, a bolus of 200 mg of @entity852 microspheres 250 to 750 (microm diameter (or saline solution) was injected into the isolated aortic arch. After 5 minutes of antegrade cerebral perfusion, 25 minutes of antegrade cerebral perfusion, retrograde cerebral perfusion, or retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 was instituted. After the operation, all animals underwent daily assessment of neurologic status until the time of @entity204 on day 7. RESULTS: Aortic arch return, cerebral vascular resistance, and @entity26 extraction data during retrograde cerebral perfusion showed differences, suggesting that more effective flow occurs during retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 , which also resulted in more pronounced fluid sequestration. Microsphere recovery from the brain revealed significantly fewer emboli after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 . Behavioral scores showed full recovery in all but one control animal (after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 ) by day 7 but were considerably lower after @entity887 , with no significant differences between groups. The extent of @entity130 was not significantly different among embolized groups. Although no histopathologic lesions were present in either the antegrade cerebral perfusion control group or the retrograde cerebral perfusion control group, mild significant @entity2806 occurred after retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 even in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Although effective washout of particulate emboli from the brain can be achieved with retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 , no advantage of retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 after @entity887 is seen from behavioral scores, electroencephalographic recovery, or histopathologic examination; retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 results in greater fluid sequestration and mild @entity130 even in control animals. Retrograde cerebral perfusion with @entity432 shows clear promise in the management of @entity887 , but further refinements must be sought to address its still worrisome potential for harm.

title: Can retrograde perfusion mitigate cerebral injury after particulate XXXX ? A study in a chronic porcine model.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval occlusion', 'inferior vena cava occlusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['histopathologic injury']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now widely applied in hospitals throughout the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Iatrogenic @entity1157 occurs rarely. It is a serious complication with long term consequences on @entity1 . This paper describes our experience in dealing with this complication and the eventual outcome of the @entity1 . METHODS: Between July 1993 and December 1999, 17 @entity1 with high @entity1157 were referred to the Hepatobiliary Unit of King Khalid University Hospital and King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively. Once a @entity1 was referred, a clinical evaluation with particular attention to the presence of @entity295 was made. The anatomy of biliary duct was then delineated. Corrective surgery was attempted through hepaticojejunostomy. Follow up was at least 3 years in all cases. RESULTS: There were 15 females and 2 males with an average age of 37 years. Eleven @entity1 presented with @entity1157 and 6 had a stricture following an attempted repair. Five @entity1 had Bismuth type E2 injury and the rest were higher (E3, @entity70612 ). Re-stricture occurred in 7 @entity1 , 3 of them had concomitant @entity1317 . All responded to radiological manipulati CONCLUSION: High @entity1157 following laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a devastating complication, with a high rate of recurrence after repair. Care of such @entity1 should be carried out in a specialized unit with a strict follow up to try to avoid end stage @entity1578 requiring liver transplantation.

title: High XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: @entity2380 susceptibility among 800 clinical Candida isolates (60% @entity5132 ) and two control strains (C. krusei ATCC 6258 and @entity7409 @entity7409 ) was tested with the NCCLS M27-A method (gold standard) and six commercial products (Candifast, disk, Etest, Fungitest, Integral System @entity375 , and Sensititre YeastOne). Results were classified as susceptible, susceptible-dose dependent, or resistant using M27-A breakpoints or, for Fungitest, Integral System @entity375 , and Candifast, as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant, according to the manufacturers' instructions. Concordance with NCCLS M27-A results was analyzed with the chi(2) test. Intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility was also evaluated. NCCLS M27-A (90.1%), Etest (93.1%), Sensititre YeastOne (93.1%), disk (96.7%), Fungitest (92.6%), Integral System @entity375 (40.6%), and Candifast (6.0%) classified the indicated percentages of @entity5132 isolates as susceptible. Among non- @entity5132 strains, the percentages of susceptible isolates were as follows: NCCLS M27-A, 74.0%; Etest, 83.8%; Sensititre YeastOne, 64.1%; disk, 60.6%; Fungitest, 76.6%; Integral System @entity375 , 28.3%; and Candifast, 27.4%. All methods except Candifast and Integral System @entity375 showed good agreement with NCCLS M27-A results for both @entity5132 and non- @entity5132 isolates. Intralaboratory reproducibility was excellent for NCCLS M27-A, Etest, Sensititre YeastOne, disk, and Fungitest (88 to 91%). Similar results emerged from the interlaboratory reproducibility evaluation. Our findings indicate that some commercial methods can be useful for @entity2380 susceptibility testing of clinical Candida isolates. Those characterized by a lack of medium standardization and/or objective interpretative criteria should be avoided. Particular caution is necessary when testing is being done for clinical and epidemiological purposes.

title: Multicenter comparative evaluation of six commercial systems and the national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-a broth microdilution method for XXXX susceptibility testing of Candida species.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: The clinical and complete pathological response of a primary @entity0 to chemotherapy has been shown to be an important prognostic for survival. However, the majority of @entity1 do not experience a complete pathological response to primary chemotherapy and the significance of lesser degrees of histological response is uncertain and the prognostic significance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new histological grading system to assess response of @entity0 to primary chemotherapy and to determine if such a system has prognostic value.A consecutive series of 176 @entity1 with large (> or =4cm) and locally advanced @entity0 were treated with multimodality therapy comprising primary chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and @entity440 . All underwent assessment of the primary @entity0 before and after completion of chemotherapy. @entity5 was excised after completion of chemotherapy (mastectomy or wide local excision with axillary surgery). The removed tissue was assessed and response to chemotherapy graded using a five-point histological grading system based with the fundamental feature being a reduction in @entity5 cellularity; comparison being made with a pre-treatment core biopsy. All @entity1 were followed up for 5 years or more. Pathological responses were compared to 5 year overall survival and disease-free survival using log rank tests. The overall 5-year survival for all @entity1 was 71%, and 5 year disease free interval was 60%. There was a significant correlation between pathological response using this new grading system and both overall survival (P=0.02) and disease-free interval (P=0.04). In a multivariate analysis of known prognostic factors, the Miller/Payne grading system was an independent predictor of overall @entity1 survival. This grading system, which assesses the histological response to primary chemotherapy, can predict overall survival and disease-free interval in @entity1 with large and locally advanced @entity0 treated with such therapy. The relationship of degree of histological response to overall and disease-free survival has been shown in univariate and multivariate analyses and could potentially have an important role in the clinical management of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 undergoing primary chemotherapy.

title: A new histological grading system to assess response of XXXX to primary chemotherapy: prognostic significance and survival.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: Cultured fibroblasts possess a characteristic polarized phenotype manifested by an elongate cell body with an anterior lamella whose cell edge is divided into protrusion-forming and inactive zones. Disruption of the fibroblast microtubule cytoskeleton leads to an increase in Rho-dependent acto- @entity3999 contractile activity and concomitant loss of structural polarity. The functional relationship of @entity3999 -driven contractile activity to loss of fibroblast anterior-posterior polarity is unknown. To dissect the roles of microtubule assembly and of Rho-dependent contractility on structural polarization of cells, polarized fibroblasts and nonpolarized epitheliocytes were treated with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug, @entity10612 , and/or the Rho kinase inhibitor, @entity12223 . Fibroblasts incubated with @entity12223 increased their degree of polarization by developing a highly elongate cell body with multiple narrow processes extended from the edges of the cell. Treatment of fibroblasts with @entity10612 , alone or in combination with Rho kinase inhibitor, produced discoid or polygonal cells having broad, flattened lamellae that did not form long lamellar extensions. Single cultured epitheliocytes of the IAR-2 line do not display anterior-posterior polarization. When treated with @entity12223 , the cells acquired a polarized, elongate shape with narrow protrusions and wide lamellas. @entity10612 alone or in combination with @entity12223 did not change the discoid shape of epitheliocytes, however treatment with @entity12223 produced thinning of the lamellar cytoplasm. We conclude that microtubules provide the necessary framework for polarization of fibroblasts and epitheliocytes, whereas Rho-regulated contractility modulates the degree of polarization of fibroblasts and completely inhibits polarization in epitheliocytes.

title: Mechanisms of polarization of the shape of fibroblasts and epitheliocytes: Separation of the roles of microtubules and Rho-dependent actin- XXXX contractility.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['Nocodazole', 'nocodazole']

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess changes in levels of clinical @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity158 in relation to phases of the menstrual cycle. @entity2956 cases were 35 @entity1 not using oral contraceptives (OCs); 35 @entity1 using OCs; and 21 @entity1 . Controls were 35 normally cycling @entity1 without @entity2956 or other @entity1118 . Subjects kept daily diaries over three menstrual cycles, reporting average and @entity158 , general and @entity1109 . Data were subject-centered and de-trended using the residuals from a random-effects linear regression model. To test for cyclic variation, cycles were standardized to 28 days and data were grouped into 9 periods/cycle (Days 1-3, 4-6, em leader, 22-24, 25-28). Overall levels of average @entity158 , @entity158 and symptoms did not differ across @entity2956 subject groups. For @entity158 , multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference across 3-day periods for normally cycling @entity1 with @entity2956 (P=0.011) and for @entity1 using OCs (P=0.017). In both groups, @entity158 levels rose toward the end of the cycle and peaked during menstruation. In @entity1 not using OCs, there was a secondary @entity158 peak at Days 13-15, around the time of ovulation. This peak was not seen in @entity1 using OCs. There was no statistically significant difference over time periods for @entity1 (P=0.94). Similar patterns were found for average @entity158 , as well as PMS symptoms and general somatic symptoms. These results suggest that @entity158 in @entity1 is highest at times of lowest @entity172 , but rapid @entity172 change may also be associated with @entity158 .

title: Changes in @entity2956 XXXX and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular', 'TMD']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'TMD pain', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pains']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess changes in levels of clinical @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity158 in relation to phases of the menstrual cycle. @entity2956 cases were 35 @entity1 not using oral contraceptives (OCs); 35 @entity1 using OCs; and 21 @entity1 . Controls were 35 normally cycling @entity1 without @entity2956 or other @entity1118 . Subjects kept daily diaries over three menstrual cycles, reporting average and @entity158 , general and @entity1109 . Data were subject-centered and de-trended using the residuals from a random-effects linear regression model. To test for cyclic variation, cycles were standardized to 28 days and data were grouped into 9 periods/cycle (Days 1-3, 4-6, em leader, 22-24, 25-28). Overall levels of average @entity158 , @entity158 and symptoms did not differ across @entity2956 subject groups. For @entity158 , multivariate analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference across 3-day periods for normally cycling @entity1 with @entity2956 (P=0.011) and for @entity1 using OCs (P=0.017). In both groups, @entity158 levels rose toward the end of the cycle and peaked during menstruation. In @entity1 not using OCs, there was a secondary @entity158 peak at Days 13-15, around the time of ovulation. This peak was not seen in @entity1 using OCs. There was no statistically significant difference over time periods for @entity1 (P=0.94). Similar patterns were found for average @entity158 , as well as PMS symptoms and general somatic symptoms. These results suggest that @entity158 in @entity1 is highest at times of lowest @entity172 , but rapid @entity172 change may also be associated with @entity158 .

title: Changes in XXXX @entity158 and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular']


abstract: @entity8454 synthase (EC 2.3.1.37) is the first enzyme in the @entity1446 biosynthesis in nonplant eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. It functions as a homodimer and requires @entity2707 as an essential cofactor. Tyr-121 is a conserved residue in all known sequences of @entity8454 synthases. Further, it corresponds to Tyr-70 of @entity526 @entity492 aminotransferase, which has been shown to interact with the cofactor and prevent the dissociation of the cofactor from the enzyme. To test whether Tyr-121 is involved in cofactor binding in @entity19 erythroid @entity8454 synthase, Tyr-121 of @entity19 erythroid @entity8454 synthase was substituted by @entity815 and His using site-directed mutagenesis. The @entity35571 mutant retained 36% of the wild-type activity and the Km value for substrate @entity2228 increased 34-fold, while the activity of the @entity50731 mutant decreased to 5% of the wild-type activity and the Km value for @entity2228 increased fivefold. The pKa1 values in the pH-activity profiles of the wild-type and mutant enzymes were 6.41, 6.54, and 6.65 for wild-type, @entity35571 , and @entity50731 , respectively. The UV-visible and CD spectra of @entity35571 and @entity50731 mutants were similar to those of the wild-type with the exception of an absorption maximum shift (420 --> 395 nm) for the @entity35571 mutant in the visible spectrum region, suggesting that the cofactor binds the @entity35571 mutant enzyme in a more unrestrained manner. @entity35571 and @entity50731 mutant enzymes also exhibited lower affinity than the wild-type for the cofactor, reflected in the Kd values for @entity2707 (26.5, 6.75, and 1.78 microM for @entity35571 , @entity50731 , and the wild-type, respectively). Further, @entity35571 and @entity50731 proved less thermostable than the wild type. Taken together, these findings indicate that Tyr-121 plays a critical role in cofactor binding of @entity19 erythroid @entity8454 synthase.

title: The role of tyrosine 121 in cofactor binding of XXXX synthase.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ["pyridoxal 5'-phosphate"]

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Aminolevulinate', '5-aminolevulinate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since anesthetics are widely used in critically ill @entity1 , this study investigates anesthetic effects on neutrophil and monocyte function concerning bacterial elimination in @entity1 whole blood. METHODS: The effects of thiopental (20 and 200 microg/ml), @entity1875 (5 and 50 microg/ml), @entity1363 (0.15 and 1.5 microg/ml) and @entity3652 (3 and 30 microg/ml) on elimination of @entity526 ( @entity526 from whole blood were investigated in vitro after incubation for 1 h in both clinical (1) (n=10) and 10-fold higher (h) (n=11) concentrations. These data were compared to neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis (1; n=6) and burst activity (1; n=10, h; n=11), measured by flow cytometry. To enable quantification of the clearance process, a defined number of 10(5) colony forming units of @entity526 were added to the blood assays and bacterial growth was determined. RESULTS: All anesthetics delayed bacterial clearance from the blood in the 10-fold concentration (P<0.05). Thiopental (1+h) and @entity1875 (h) suppressed neutrophil (59+/-3% and 38+/-6%) and monocytic (45+/-6% and 30+/-11%) oxidative burst (P<0.01). Phagocytosis was reduced even after @entity1875 (1) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (34+/-9%; P<0.05) and monocytes (35+/-11%). @entity3652 (h) prolonged bacterial elimination (P<0.01), which did correlate with inhibition of monocytic phagocytosis, by 26+/-14%. @entity1363 application (h) resulted in an inhibition of PMN-respiratory burst by 19+/-6% (P<0.05) and impaired bacterial clearance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thiopental, @entity1875 , @entity1363 and @entity3652 affect @entity526 clearance and neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and phagocytosis in vitro only in high concentrations, while thiopental inhibited monocytic burst and @entity1875 impaired PMN phagocytosis even in clinically used concentrations. These data suggest that i.v. anesthetics in concentrations recommended for general anesthesia seem to have minor influence on the investigated host defense mechanisms.

title: Effects of intravenous anesthetics on bacterial elimination in XXXX blood in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli', 'E.) coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes involves the activation of an organized system of @entity28 -related genes, of which those encoding CCAAT/enhancer  -binding proteins  (C/EBPs) and the @entity70613 protein may play integral roles. In a previous study of ours, we found that a specific peptide found in tuna (sequence D  -I  -V  -D  -K  -I  -E  -I; termed TP  -D) inhibited 3T3  -L1 cell differentiation. In the present study, we observed that the expression of expression of C/EBPs and @entity70613 was associated with @entity28 . The initial step of 3T3  -L1 cell differentiation involved the upregulation of @entity16509  -a expression, which in turn activated various subfactors. An upstream effector of @entity6913  ( @entity6913 ) inhibited @entity70613 expression in 3T3  -L1 adipocytes. In a previous study of ours, we sequenced the tuna peptide via @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis  ( @entity214  -PAGE) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry  (Q-TOF MS/MS) and confirmed the anti  - @entity28 effects thereof in 3T3  -L1 adipocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate that TP  -D inhibits @entity16509 and promotes @entity70613 mRNA expression, thus activating the Wnt pathway. The inhibition of lipid accumulation was measured using a @entity413 and @entity412  (TG) assay. Our results confirmed that TP  -D altered the expression levels of @entity16509  -related genes in a dose  -dependent manner and activated the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, we confirmed that total adiponectin and high  -molecular weight  (HMW) adiponectin levels were reduced by treatment with TP  -D. These data indicate that TP  -D inhibits adipocyte differentiation through the inhibition of @entity16509 genes and the subsequent activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway.

title: The anti- XXXX effects of a tuna peptide on 3T3-L1  adipocytes are mediated by the inhibition of the expression of lipogenic and adipogenic genes and by the activation of the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity6913 :: ('56637(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glycogen synthase kinase-3b', 'GSK  -3b']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The single-injection axillary block is rapidly performed but gives unpredictable results. @entity616 by multiple nerve stimulation technique (MNS) gives better results, but takes longer to perform. Transarterial (TA) injections of high doses of local anaesthetics are very successful. This double-blind study compared both block effectiveness and anaesthesiologic time consumption in 100 @entity1 , having an axillary block by either TA or MNS techniques. METHODS: 45 mL of 1% @entity10541 with @entity1425 5 microg/mL was used in each @entity1 . Five mL was injected subcutaneously. In the TA group, 20 mL was injected deep to, and 20 mL superficial to the axillary artery. In the MNS group, four terminal motor nerves were electrolocated in the axilla, and injected with 10 mL each. @entity1337 was assessed every 10 min and when needed supplemented after 30 min. The block was considered successful when analgesia was present in all sensory nerve areas distal to the elbow. RESULTS: MNS group required 10+/-2 min (mean+/-1 SD) for the @entity616 performance compared with 7+/-2 min for TA group, P<0.001. Latency of the @entity616 was shorter and the frequency of supplemental analgesia lower in the MNS group (mean 17 min and 12%), than in the TA group (25 min and 38%, respectively), P<0.001. All incomplete @entity616 were successfully supplemented by electrolocating the unblocked nerves. However, the total time to obtain 100% success rate was shorter in the MNS group (30 min), than in the TA group (38 min), P<0.001. The adverse effects (accidental intravascular injections and axillary haematomas) were fewer in the MNS group. CONCLUSION: In the hands of anaesthetists experienced in nerve electrolocation, the MNS technique of an initial axillary block by four separate injections of 10 mL of @entity10541 produces faster and more extensive block than the TA technique by two separate injections of 20 mL. Hence, the MNS technique requires fewer @entity616 and results in faster @entity1 readiness for surgery than the TA technique.

title: Comparison of transarterial and multiple nerve stimulation techniques for an initial axillary block by 45 mL of XXXX 1% with adrenaline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary blocks', 'initial block', 'Axillary block', 'blocks']

answer: @entity10541 :: (MESH:D008619,Chemical) :: ['mepivacaine']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , XXXX and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and XXXX (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Navelbine']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: XXXX , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- XXXX -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: Gammadelta T lymphocytes are involved in a great variety of inflammatory and infectious responses. However, the mechanisms by which gammadelta T lymphocytes migrate to inflamed sites are poorly understood. In this study we investigate the role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in regulating gammadelta T cell migration after @entity558 or @entity2497 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) challenge. @entity558 -induced gammadelta T cell influx was significantly inhibited by either pretreatment with @entity619 or @entity6621 Lister 35-kDa chemokine binding protein, vCKBP, a CC chemokine neutralizing protein, suggesting a role for CC chemokines in this phenomenon. @entity558 stimulation increased the expression of @entity1750 mRNA and protein at the @entity32 site within 6 h. It is noteworthy that @entity558 was unable to increase @entity1750 production or gammadelta T cell recruitment in C3H/HeJ, indicative of the involvement of @entity1990 . Gammadelta T cells express @entity13766 @entity13766 . Pretreatment with anti- @entity1750 mAb drastically inhibited @entity558 -induced in vivo gammadelta T cell mobilization. Indeed, @entity1750 knockout @entity19 were unable to recruit gammadelta T cells to the @entity1143 after @entity558 stimulation, effect that could be restored by coadministration of @entity1750 . In addition, BCG-induced gammadelta lymphocyte accumulation was significantly reduced in @entity1750 knockout @entity19 when compared with wild-type @entity19 . In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity558 -induced gammadelta T lymphocyte migration is dependent on @entity1990 and sensitive to both @entity619 and CC chemokine-binding protein inhibition. Moreover, by using @entity1750 neutralizing Abs and genetically deficient @entity19 we show that @entity558 - and BCG-induced gammadelta T lymphocyte influx to the @entity1143 of @entity19 is mainly orchestrated by the CC chemokine @entity1750 .

title: Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 on gamma delta T lymphocyte trafficking during @entity32 induced by lipopolysaccharide or XXXX bacille Calmette-Gu  rin.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: Gammadelta T lymphocytes are involved in a great variety of inflammatory and infectious responses. However, the mechanisms by which gammadelta T lymphocytes migrate to inflamed sites are poorly understood. In this study we investigate the role of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in regulating gammadelta T cell migration after @entity558 or @entity2497 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) challenge. @entity558 -induced gammadelta T cell influx was significantly inhibited by either pretreatment with @entity619 or @entity6621 Lister 35-kDa chemokine binding protein, vCKBP, a CC chemokine neutralizing protein, suggesting a role for CC chemokines in this phenomenon. @entity558 stimulation increased the expression of @entity1750 mRNA and protein at the @entity32 site within 6 h. It is noteworthy that @entity558 was unable to increase @entity1750 production or gammadelta T cell recruitment in C3H/HeJ, indicative of the involvement of @entity1990 . Gammadelta T cells express @entity13766 @entity13766 . Pretreatment with anti- @entity1750 mAb drastically inhibited @entity558 -induced in vivo gammadelta T cell mobilization. Indeed, @entity1750 knockout @entity19 were unable to recruit gammadelta T cells to the @entity1143 after @entity558 stimulation, effect that could be restored by coadministration of @entity1750 . In addition, BCG-induced gammadelta lymphocyte accumulation was significantly reduced in @entity1750 knockout @entity19 when compared with wild-type @entity19 . In conclusion, our results indicate that @entity558 -induced gammadelta T lymphocyte migration is dependent on @entity1990 and sensitive to both @entity619 and CC chemokine-binding protein inhibition. Moreover, by using @entity1750 neutralizing Abs and genetically deficient @entity19 we show that @entity558 - and BCG-induced gammadelta T lymphocyte influx to the @entity1143 of @entity19 is mainly orchestrated by the CC chemokine @entity1750 .

title: Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 on gamma delta T lymphocyte trafficking during XXXX induced by lipopolysaccharide or @entity2497 bacille Calmette-Gu  rin.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity2227 , the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the @entity1 CNS, plays a central role in many neuronal functions, such as long-term potentiation, which is necessary for learning and memory formation. The fast excitatory @entity2227 neurotransmission is mediated by ionotropic receptors that include @entity140 / @entity4176 and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors, while the slow @entity2227 responses are mediated through its interaction with metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) coupled to G-proteins. During @entity410 , massive release of @entity2227 underlies excitotoxic @entity528 as it triggers an overflow of @entity460 in postsynaptic neurons mediated by @entity143 -gated channels. The early upstream postsynaptic events involve the activation of phospholipases, with the release of membrane-derived signaling molecules, such as free @entity1426 (AA), @entity1813 , and platelet-activating factor (PAF). These bioactive lipids modulate the early neuronal responses to stimulation as they affect the activities of ion channels, receptors, and enzymes; and when released into the extracellular space, they can contribute to the modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release/re-uptake, and/or affect other neighboring neuronal/glial cells. The downstream postsynaptic events target the nucleus, leading to activation of gene-expression cascades. Syntheses of new proteins are the basis for @entity410 -induced sustained physiological and/or pathological changes that occur hours, days, or months later, such as synaptic reorganization and repair, and apoptotic/necrotic @entity528 . The intricate mesh of signaling pathways converging to the nucleus, and connecting upstream to downstream synaptic events, are at present the focus of many research efforts. We describe in this chapter how @entity410 -induced @entity2227 release activates the hydrolysis of membrane AA-phospholipids via @entity3900 ( @entity3900 ), @entity9294 , and PLD, thus releasing bioactive lipids that, in turn, modulate neurotransmission. We discuss mechanisms through which lipid messengers, such as AA and PAF, may turn into injury mediators participating in @entity410 -induced @entity75 .

title: What synaptic lipid signaling tells us about XXXX -induced damage and epileptogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1558 remains uncertain because its accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that this is related to failure to define standards for adequacy of sample preparation. METHODS: We reviewed cytology and pathology reports from 351 @entity1 undergoing @entity400 at a 350-bed community, university-affiliated teaching hospital over a 2-year period. @entity1 were included if they had an open biopsy within 2 years of an @entity400 of the same lesion. Cytology reports were reviewed by a cytopathologist unaware of the clinical setting or subsequent histology; surgeons unaware of the cytology reports reviewed histology reports. Cytological diagnoses were benign, likely benign, probable @entity5 , and definite @entity5 . Samples were characterized as satisfactory, less than optimal (few mammary epithelial clusters), or inadequate (no mammary epithelial clusters.) We assessed the proportion of inadequate samples, the accuracy of @entity400 , and the influence of sample adequacy upon @entity400 sensitivity. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (28%) FNABs were inadequate, 77 (22%) less than optimal, and 175 (50%) satisfactory. Ninety-five @entity1 (27%) had a final diagnosis of @entity5 . FNABs classified as satisfactory or less than optimal and characterized as benign (n = 102) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91; those termed definite @entity5 (n = 43) had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.98. Only 10% of all @entity5 were identified in the 28% of FNABs that were classified as inadequate (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that too few FNABs are performed in a fashion that permits definitive cytological interpretation. Inadequate FNABs are less likely to detect @entity5 . After excluding inadequate preparations, FNABs interpreted as definite @entity5 and as benign are highly accurate in identifying @entity1 with and without @entity5 .

title: Role of sample adequacy in XXXX of palpable @entity1558 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1558 remains uncertain because its accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that this is related to failure to define standards for adequacy of sample preparation. METHODS: We reviewed cytology and pathology reports from 351 @entity1 undergoing @entity400 at a 350-bed community, university-affiliated teaching hospital over a 2-year period. @entity1 were included if they had an open biopsy within 2 years of an @entity400 of the same lesion. Cytology reports were reviewed by a cytopathologist unaware of the clinical setting or subsequent histology; surgeons unaware of the cytology reports reviewed histology reports. Cytological diagnoses were benign, likely benign, probable @entity5 , and definite @entity5 . Samples were characterized as satisfactory, less than optimal (few mammary epithelial clusters), or inadequate (no mammary epithelial clusters.) We assessed the proportion of inadequate samples, the accuracy of @entity400 , and the influence of sample adequacy upon @entity400 sensitivity. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (28%) FNABs were inadequate, 77 (22%) less than optimal, and 175 (50%) satisfactory. Ninety-five @entity1 (27%) had a final diagnosis of @entity5 . FNABs classified as satisfactory or less than optimal and characterized as benign (n = 102) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91; those termed definite @entity5 (n = 43) had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.98. Only 10% of all @entity5 were identified in the 28% of FNABs that were classified as inadequate (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that too few FNABs are performed in a fashion that permits definitive cytological interpretation. Inadequate FNABs are less likely to detect @entity5 . After excluding inadequate preparations, FNABs interpreted as definite @entity5 and as benign are highly accurate in identifying @entity1 with and without @entity5 .

title: Role of sample adequacy in @entity400 of palpable XXXX .

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity3958 , in some types of @entity5 , promotes @entity5 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity5 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity5 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity8835 in C6 @entity11 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity8835 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity98 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity522 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity1435 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity876 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity8835 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity36 cells. The protein expression of @entity522 and @entity589 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity588 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 were activated in response to @entity8835 . Moreover, @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1441 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity8835 on C6 @entity11 cells. These data suggest that @entity8835 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 play an important role in @entity8835 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity8835 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity11 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- XXXX effects though @entity1435 MAPK signaling pathway in C6 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity36 :: ('MESH:C567307', 'Disease') :: ['C6 gliomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity3958 , in some types of @entity5 , promotes @entity5 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity5 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity5 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity8835 in C6 @entity11 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity8835 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity98 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity522 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity1435 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity876 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity8835 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity36 cells. The protein expression of @entity522 and @entity589 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity588 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 were activated in response to @entity8835 . Moreover, @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1441 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity8835 on C6 @entity11 cells. These data suggest that @entity8835 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 play an important role in @entity8835 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity8835 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity11 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- @entity5 effects though XXXX MAPK signaling pathway in C6 @entity11 cells.

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been documented that @entity3958 , in some types of @entity5 , promotes @entity5 proliferation, whereas, in the other types, it inhibits the @entity5 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the anti- @entity5 effects and relevant mechanisms of @entity8835 in C6 @entity11 cells. C6 cells were subjected to different concentrations of @entity8835 , then cell viability and morphological changes were examined by @entity98 assay and Hoechst staining. The protein expression of @entity522 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity1435 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and @entity876 was measured by Western blotting. This work demonstrated that @entity8835 could reduce cell number and induce apoptosis of @entity36 cells. The protein expression of @entity522 and @entity589 was up-regulated, while the protein expression of @entity588 was down-regulated. Additionally, @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 were activated in response to @entity8835 . Moreover, @entity1435 MAPK inhibitor, @entity1441 , counteracted the inhibitory effect of @entity8835 on C6 @entity11 cells. These data suggest that @entity8835 can effectively reduce cell number of C6 cells by triggering the apoptosis via Caspase-dependent pathway. @entity1435 MAPK and @entity876 play an important role in @entity8835 -induced apoptosis in C6 cells. These findings imply that administration of @entity8835 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of @entity11 .

title: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide exhibits anti- @entity5 effects though @entity1435 MAPK signaling pathway in C6 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity1149 is the most common cause of @entity5 in North America and Europe. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease the prognosis remains poor, the overall 5-year survival being 4-14%. An increased understanding of the molecular biology of the disease may identify novel targets for drug development. We evaluated @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity1722 , @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity876 and @entity588 expression and microvessel density (MVD) in @entity1 who underwent surgery with curative intent in our department between 1991 and 1996. Co-expression of @entity470 / @entity1495 , MVD and @entity588 were found to be independent prognostic variables, which allowed prediction of @entity1 outcome independent of surgical stage. Other prognostic factors identified in our series were gender, surgical stage, platelet count, extent of @entity39 , the @entity519 marker carbonic anhydrase-9 and @entity3546 . In collaboration with groups in Oxford and Greece, we were also able to establish the angiogenic growth factors @entity7 and platelet-derived endothelial growth factor as prognostic variables. The inter-relationships between these factors are currently being examined in an expanded @entity1 series. Through this work we hope to be able to construct an integrated biological prognostic model which can be tested in prospective studies. This work has identified several potential targets for novel therapeutic agents currently in development.

title: Towards a biological staging model for operable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sex differences in @entity1 with @entity1723 (type 1 @entity6 ) by comparing the integrated parameters of metabolic control at the time of clinical diagnosis and 3 months after intensive insulin therapy in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 331 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed type 1 @entity6 were studied. The mean age of the group was 15 years (s.d. 8.1; range 5-23 years). @entity1 were stratified into three groups according to their age at disease onset: pre-pubertal (ages 5-9 years), pubertal (ages 10-18 years) and post-pubertal (ages 19-23 years). METHODS: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), insulin dose and both basal and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide were evaluated at diagnosis and after 3 months of insulin therapy. RESULTS: We found that females diagnosed after puberty were those with the lowest basal C-peptide compared with males (P=0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed for other metabolic parameters. When the entire group was evaluated, females at the time of diagnosis showed significant lower body mass index (P=0.001), lower basal C-peptide (P=0.021) and higher HbA(1c) (P=0.023) and required more insulin than males (P<0.001). After 3 months of therapy, only a significantly greater dose of insulin was observed in females compared with males (P=0.001), with similar good metabolic control as assessed by HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the process of beta-cell destruction at diagnosis may be more extensive in post-pubertal females than in males. Moreover, after the introduction of insulin therapy, females and males show similar metabolic parameters, although females still require significantly more insulin than males to achieve good metabolic control, 3 months after diagnosis.

title: Is the process of beta-cell destruction in type 1 XXXX at time of diagnosis more extensive in females than in males?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity572 is the second most common complication of total hip arthroplasty followed by @entity1349 , is the second most common complication of @entity2445 presenting with an incidence of 2.4-3.9% in primary procedures and an incidence of up to 28% in revision surgeries. The @entity572 can be classified into 3 groups: Early, middle and late. Generally early dislocations respond favorably to nonsurgical treatment and have low recurrence rate. In this case the need for revision surgery is much higher. The diagnosis of a dislocated hip is relatively easy to perform because the clinical picture is very typical. Having identified a dislocated hip the first step is to make an attempt to reduce a closed manner. Among the options are the following: Change of modular components, trochanteric progress, review of component orientation and ultimately the use of constrained components. One of the most common problems for which the @entity1 presents early recurrent instability is inadequate orientation of the prosthetic components. The @entity2445 is one of the most useful and most successful surgeries the last 100 years, however requires a refined surgical technique, proper @entity1 selection and planning to meet the expectations of it. It currently has a range of possible treatments for problem resolution, with the intent of restoring a stable and functional hip.

title: [Evaluation and treatment of prosthetic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Hip dislocation', 'hip dislocations']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a @entity14329 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the laboratory diagnosis of @entity1065 in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: @entity1 and @entity1 attending genitourinary medicine clinics in England. METHODS: A trial PCR service was offered for the analysis of swabs of ano-genital or oral ulcers suspected to be syphilitic in origin. Clinical details, results of treponemal serology, and other relevant laboratory tests carried out by the sending laboratories were obtained retrospectively by questionnaire. RESULTS: Data from 98 @entity1 , representing 100 episodes of @entity1066 , were analysed. The majority of @entity1 (70) attended clinics in the Greater Manchester area. Eighty six @entity1 were male and 58 were @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM), of whom 24 were @entity645 positive. PCR results agreed with the clinical diagnosis for 95 @entity1 ; samples from 26 @entity1 were PCR positive and serologically diagnosed as primary (18) or secondary (8) syphilis, whereas 70 @entity1 had PCR negative samples and were not diagnosed as having active syphilis. These data include two @entity645 positive @entity1 who were PCR positive 12 and 21 days before their treponemal seroconversion. One positive PCR result was not supported by positive treponemal serology (this @entity1 coincidentally received a 10 day course of co-amoxiclav 1 week after sampling). Three @entity1 had negative PCR results but positive syphilis serology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for primary syphilis were 94.7%, 98.6%, 94.7%, and 98.6%, respectively, and for secondary syphilis these were 80.0%, 98.6%, 88.9%, and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PCR is a sensitive and specific test for @entity14329 , and an important adjunct to dark ground microscopy and treponemal serology in diagnosing infectious syphilis in the United Kingdom.

title: Use of PCR in the diagnosis of XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1065 :: ('MESH:D013587', 'Disease') :: ['early syphilis']

entities_list: @entity14329 :: ('160', 'Species') :: ['Treponema pallidum', 'T pallidum']

answer: @entity1065 :: (MESH:D013587,Disease) :: ['early syphilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that @entity308 ( @entity308 ) has an impact on @entity1 development with repercussions in the @entity1 's cognitive, socioemotional and conduct regulation. Screening for this disorder with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been recommended because this significantly identifies more cases of @entity308 than usual clinical evaluation. AIM: To evaluate the use of the EPDS to screen mothers attending well @entity1 care visits with their @entity1 during the first 6 months of age and identifying the factors associated with its use in the largest private health care network in Chile. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted by random sampling of the @entity1 's medical charts from a universe of 5700 @entity1 aged 1-6 months that attended the health care network during 2009 and 2011. Estimated sample size: 500 medical charts, assuming a recording frequency of the EPDS of 5% (confidence level of 95% and power of 80%). The descriptive data analysis of the variables was carried out using a uni and multivariate analysis. All values of P < 0.05 were considered significant (Software SPSS 17.0). RESULTS: A total of 1940 visits, belonging to 503 medical charts of @entity1 under 6 months of age were reviewed. The use of the EPDS to screen mothers was recorded in nine medical charts (1.7% of the @entity1 population). The only variable that was significantly associated with the recording of the EPDS was the background of previous @entity308 in the mother (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The record of the use of EPDS on mothers of @entity1 seen in the private health care network is much less than what is recommended.

title: Screening for XXXX in a private health care network in Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'postpartum depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postpartum depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological short-medium term outcomes for the treatment of bilateral @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) with hip-preserving surgery of core decompression followed by tightly impaction bone grafting combining with non-vascularized fibular allografting in one hip and concurrent one-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the contralateral side. We hypothesized the aforementioned surgery showed benefits of protecting the preserved hip from collapsing and thereafter THA was delayed or avoided. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 18 non-traumatic bilateral ONFH @entity1 (36 hips) who had undergone previous mentioned surgeries between July 2004 and June 2013. Preoperative and the last follow-up Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Score were obtained for clinical outcomes evaluation and X-rays of antero-posterior and frog-leg lateral views of bilateral hips were compared for radiological outcomes assessment. RESULTS: All @entity1 were telephone contacted for out- @entity1 clinic return visit at an average follow-up time of 53.3  months (ranged from 20  months to 107  months). Of the 18 @entity1 (15 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ), there were 5 @entity1 were diagnosed preoperative IIB stages according to classification of the Association Research Circulation Osseuse classification (ARCO) and the remaining 13 @entity1 were in ARCO IIIC stages. The mean age of the included @entity1 was 40.7  years (range from 22 to 59  years). No age and followed-up time difference existed in genders. The postoperative HHS were 83.8        17.9 points, and it revealed statistical significance when compared to preoperative 61.6        17.0 points (p   <   0.05). The VAS scores were reduced from preoperative 6.2        2.0 points to postoperative 2.8        2.3 points, which also manifested outcomes significance (p   <   0.05). From radiological aspects, 14 @entity1 acquired well repairmen of the @entity39 areas of the femoral head. However, the other 4 @entity1 ultimately suffered femoral @entity135 , and the severe @entity158 was gotten rid of after THA surgeries were performed. CONCLUSIONS: The un-collapsed hip can achieve biological stability and sufficient blood supply through the hip-preserving surgery and obtain longtime repairmen of the @entity39 bone as well as early non-weight-bearing function training, which benefits from distributing the whole body weight load to the hip of one-stage THA. Consequently, we recommend this sort of surgery for clinical practice trial when faced bilateral ONFH in different stages though longer time follow-up and larger samples are essentially needed to address its efficacy.

title: One-sided hip-preserving and concurrent contralateral total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of bilateral XXXX of the femoral head in different stages: short-medium term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head collapse']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: An investigation was undertaken with the aim of determining whether @entity1 wearing complete dentures in @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and dental practice (DP) had different expectations from their dentures, together with their requirements for information about denture construction and oral and denture care. METHODS: A total of 214 edentulous @entity1 , with a mean age of 69 years, from DP (125) and @entity580 (89) participated in the questionnaire-based study. A valid questionnaire (P-DEQ) was constructed which demonstrated good test-retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.86). The P-DEQ sought to determine how @entity1 responded to a series of questions related to what dentists are urged to achieve with complete dentures. The questions covered not only what might be termed "normative" expectations but also @entity1 ' perceived needs for further information about the stages of prosthodontic treatment and oral or denture care. RESULTS: Significant differences (p< or =0.001) emerged between the two groups; 82% of the @entity580 group thought it essential that their dentures caused no @entity158 compared with 59% of the DP group; for " @entity2048 " ( @entity580 87%; DP 65%), and "good bite" ( @entity580 82%; DP 55%). No significant differences emerged for the other parameters investigated, but both groups had high expectations for ease of chewing, speech, and good appearance. Differences (p<0.05) between the groups also emerged with respect to the demand for more information regarding the stages involved in denture construction ( @entity580 57%, DP 76%) and how to care for dentures ( @entity580 75%, DP 89%). Large proportions of @entity1 from both groups would prefer to have more information about the selection of teeth (71% @entity580 , 72% DP), and how to care for their mouths (84% @entity580 , 86% DP), but there were no differences between the groups in these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 expectations appear to equate with the normative view expressed in standard prosthodontic texts. However, expectations may differ not only between individuals but also between @entity1 groups managed in teaching hospital and DP settings. Edentulous @entity1 also need information regarding the stages involved in denture construction and how to care for their mouths and dentures. This may have implications for the management of edentulous @entity1 in DP and @entity580 .

title: What do XXXX expect from complete dentures?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of slackness']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['DH', 'dental hospital']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A total of 70 blood-donor volunteers were studied to determine the utility of the echocardiogram and Doppler in the diagnosis of @entity13675 in asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity1526 . These @entity1 came from endemic areas and had humoral positive reactions for South American @entity7246 . They were checked against a control group of blood-donors with no environmental antecedents and with negative reactions. Both groups were similar in age and sex. The chagasic group showed an abnormal electrocardiogram in twelve cases (17.4%), being @entity1347 the most frequent alteration found (nine cases, 62.5%). In the control group no alterations were found (p = 0.0005). The echocardiogram and Doppler were abnormal in 29 cases of the chagasic group (38.8%): alterations in ventricular relaxation were found in 8 cases (27.6%), enlargement of cavities in 9 (31%), both phenomena in 9 (31%) and alteration of parietal motility in 3 (10.3%). In the control group, 1 case presented alteration in ventricular relaxation (p = 0.000008). These results confirmed that the abnormal discoveries were related to @entity1526 . Out of 70 chagasic @entity1 , 31 (44.29%) showed some alteration in the tests: 12 had an abnormal electrocardiogram, and of these only 2 had normal echocardiogram and Doppler, the rest showed abnormal echocardiogram and Doppler. Other 29 (of these 70 @entity1 ) showed some alteration in the echocardiogram and Doppler, and 20 of them presented a normal electrocardiogram. It can be concluded that the echocardiogram and Doppler are more accurate to detect cardiac involvement in asymptomatic chagasic @entity1 than the electrocardiogram, showing abnormality in many cases where there are no electrocardiographic alterations. On the other hand, @entity1 with abnormal electrocardiogram and Doppler are less frequent. Therefore, to define the undetermined period of @entity1526 echocardiogram and Doppler should be incorporated as a routine resource of diagnosis considering the high percentage of cases in which cardiac participation is detected when there is no clinic, radiologic and electrocardiographic disturbance.

title: [Asymptomatic XXXX . Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['Trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathies']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: Psychological and quality of life measures are important in the assessment of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) @entity1 and the outcome of treatment. This study aimed to assess the utility and sensitivity to change of three simple questionnaires in a CR setting. A total of 1403 @entity1 who entered CR over 51 months were studied. @entity1 completed questionnaires before and after their phase 3 CR program-Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 (HAD) scale, WONCA/COOP charts and an analogue score of wellbeing. The three instruments took about 5.5 min in total to complete and 30 s to interpret. There were highly significant reductions in mean @entity148 score-from 6.04 to 4.67 (P<0.001, 95% CI -1.52 to -1.16) and @entity308 from 4.00 to 2.52 (P<0.001, 95% CI -1.62 to -1.29) The mean analogue of wellbeing score improved from 7.09 to 8.19 (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.97-1.22 ) There were highly significant improvements in five of the six WONCA domains. There were significant correlations between improvements in scores from all instruments. The sensitivity indices were in the 'good' range for changes in WONCA physical fitness domain and subjective well-being score and in the (moderate) range for changes in @entity308 , well-being and WONCA overall health. Initial physical fitness was significantly correlated with the initial levels of all psychometric scores except @entity148 and WONCA feelings, but improvements in fitness were not correlated with any changes in psychometric scores. The instruments described were quick to administer and to interpret and showed sensitivities to change superior to those which have been reported for other questionnaires. We believe them to be practical tools for use in CR units.

title: Psychological assessments for cardiac rehabilitation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The use of intramedullary nailing in the @entity2045 is still controversial. Those who have experience with antegrade nailing have either great enthusiasm or strong criticism for the procedure. Criticism of the procedure is because of the @entity130 that can occur to the rotator cuff and possible @entity5818 , which can occur after antegrade nail insertion. The technique of retrograde nail insertion with the unreamed humeral nail is described in detail. In a series of 190 retrograde nailings performed in a prospective multicenter study, the most frequent intraoperative problems were fissure or @entity155 at the entry portal (n = 8; 4.2%) and secondary @entity4542 (n = 8; 4.2%). All @entity4542 recovered spontaneously. Sixty-eight @entity1 were followed up until the @entity174 healed. There were five (7.4%) bone healing problems. Four of five could be solved with use of the unreamed humeral nail in a second operative procedure, whereas the fifth bone healing problem required plate osteosynthesis. Function of the shoulder and elbow joint was excellent in 89.7% and 88.3% of the @entity1 , respectively. Retrograde humeral nailing is a safe and reliable procedure if done properly. It is a valuable stabilization technique for acute and pathologic @entity174 and for @entity1516 . Bone healing problems after unreamed humeral nailing must be analyzed individually, but they can be treated with the same implant in combination with cancellous bone grafts, reaming, additional hardware, or intrafragmentary compression.

title: Retrograde nailing of humeral shaft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['impingement syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsies', 'radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) most frequently presents with lower limb @entity158 on walking--intermittent claudication. As the disease progresses the @entity1 might suffer from @entity158 and/or ischemic @entity63 ( @entity63 ). The management of @entity1 with @entity3657 consists of life-style modifications and pharmacotherapy addressing the risk factors to minimize the risk for disease progression and mortality in @entity583 and @entity64 . Symptomatic invasive treatment consists of surgical or endovascular revascularization. Unfortunately, about 20-30% of @entity1 with @entity63 can not be treated by any of these methods and the only option for them is often amputation. For this group of @entity1 there is a great need for alternative treatment strategies and several strategies are currently tested to stimulate collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis). Arteriogenesis is defined as growth of preexisting arteriolar connections into true collateral arteries. It relies on a complex combination of increased shear stress, different growth factors, cytokines, proteolytic enzymes and @entity32 . It is probable that this process is important for disease progression and the pathophysiology of @entity63 , but its impact needs to be further elucidated. Such efforts will also benefit attempts to stimulate arteriogenesis as therapy for @entity63 . This article briefly discusses the basic mechanisms underlying arteriogenesis, and speculates how this knowledge influences our view of the pathophysiology and treatment of @entity3657 , particularly lower limb @entity63 .

title: Arteriogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['initial local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration--critical limb ischemia', 'leg ischemia', 'ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: We investigated the effect of a novel mouse IgG2b nonanaphylactogenic anti-human IgE antibody, 17-9, on allergen and @entity112 responses in passively sensitized @entity1 airways in vitro to determine the specific contribution of IgE to the sensitization process. Bronchial rings were sensitized with serum containing high levels of allergen-specific IgE ( @entity8786 ), or with a hapten-specific chimeric humanized IgE (JW8). There was a concentration-dependent contraction of serum-sensitized bronchial rings to @entity8786 (517 +/- 188 mg tension at 10 U/ml, n = 8) that was not observed in nonsensitized controls. This response was practically abolished when tissues were sensitized in the presence of 100 microg/ml anti-IgE antibody 17-9 (54 +/- 20 mg). In tissues sensitized with the anti-NIP IgE, JW8, there was a concentration-dependent contraction to the specific antigen NIP-BSA (560 +/- 154 mg at 0.3 microg/ml, n = 5) that was not observed in nonsensitized control subjects and that was substantially inhibited when 17-9 was present in the sensitization buffer (124 +/- 109 mg). The inhibition with 17-9 was specific, as pretreatment with a non-IgE-specific IgG2b antibody did not affect allergen responses. Potency and maximal contractions to @entity112 in serum-sensitized tissues were significantly elevated compared with nonsensitized controls; this was not affected by the presence of 17-9 during sensitization (pEC50 = 5.1 +/- 0.2 versus 5.0 +/- 0.3 in tissues sensitized in the absence of 17-9). In tissues sensitized with JW8 there was no significant increase in responsiveness to @entity112 . We conclude that allergen responses in sensitized @entity1 airways are dependent on IgE levels in the sensitizing serum while nonspecific (hyper)responsiveness depends on serum factors other than IgE. Nonanaphylactogenic anti-human IgE antibodies effectively inhibit allergen responses of @entity1 airways in vitro but may not affect other factors inducing hyperresponsiveness.

title: Inhibition of XXXX airway sensitization by a novel monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, 17-9.

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae', 'D. farinae']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) represents the most common @entity703 and is resistant to conventional therapies. G250 is a @entity5 -associated antigen and is expressed mainly in clear cell @entity1358 . It is a potential therapeutic target as well as a diagnostic marker for @entity1358 . Previous studies relating to G250 protein or G250 mRNA expression in @entity1358 using @entity1 tissue have largely been limited to immunohistochemical or conventional RT-PCR approaches that lack reproducibility, are subject to observer bias and are at most semi-quantitative. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using real-time RT-PCR in quantifying G250 mRNA expression using tissue dissected from paraffin sections of @entity703 . Using this approach, we performed a preliminary study investigating the relationship between G250 expression and @entity5 behavior in clear cell @entity1358 . METHODS: A total of 53 radical nephrectomy specimens with @entity703 (nine @entity1637 , seven chromophobe @entity1358 , four papillary @entity1358 and 33 clear cell @entity1358 ) were included in this study. SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR was performed using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System. A @entity11567 ( @entity11567 ) was used as an endogenous reference gene. RESULTS: Our study showed that real-time RT-PCR is a reliable approach in quantifying G250 mRNA expression using paraffin sections. Using this methodology, G250 mRNA was detected in all of the clear cell RCCs, but none of the other types of @entity5 studied or in normal kidney tissue. Our study also suggested that the expression of G250 mRNA might correlate with @entity5 stage and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Among common @entity703 , G250 is a specific marker for clear cell @entity1358 . Quantification of G250 mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR using paraffin sections is a feasible approach for future clinical studies in evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of G250 in clear cell @entity1358 .

title: Quantification of G250 mRNA expression in XXXX by real-time reverse transcription-PCR of dissected tissue from paraffin sections.

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity11567 :: ('6908', 'Gene') :: ['TBP', 'TATA box-binding protein']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelial neoplasms', 'malignant tumour in the kidney']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal epithelial neoplasms']


abstract: We compared the effects of three models of permanent @entity63 , as well as cortical @entity1173 , on behaviour and brain morphology. @entity35 received a @entity64 either by devascularization or by two different procedures of @entity432 ( @entity432 ; small vs. large). Animals were trained in a reaching task, forepaw asymmetry, forepaw inhibition, sunflower seed task and tongue extension. Behaviour was assessed 1 week after the lesion and at 2-week intervals for a total of 9 weeks. One week after the surgery all animals were severely impaired on all tasks and although they improved over time they only reached preoperative base lines on tongue extension. Animals with small MCAOs performed better in reaching and sunflower tasks; no other behavioural differences were detected among the groups. Pyramidal cells in forelimb and cingulate areas as well as spiny neurons of the striatum were examined for dendritic branching and spine density using a Golgi-Cox procedure. Each lesion type had a different impact on cell morphology. Overall, different changes ( @entity194 or @entity1184 ) were observed with each kind of lesion and these changes were specific for the region (forelimb, cingulate, striatum) and the condition (intact vs. damaged hemisphere). These results suggest that: (i) different lesions to the motor cortex produce subtle differences in behaviour, and (ii) the method used to induce the lesion produces striking differences in cortical and subcortical plasticity.

title: A comparison of different models of XXXX on behaviour and brain morphology.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['medial cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAO']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biological effects of @entity599 mustard (SM) on various systems have been investigated in both @entity1 and animals. However, few studies are available on the effect of SM on the peripheral nervous system. In the present study, long-term effects of a single dose of SM on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography (EMG) pattern is evaluated in hindlimb of adult male @entity35 . METHODS: SM @entity4968 was induced by two means: subcutaneous injection of 1 and 3.5 mg/kg SM in two experimental groups (1 and 2) and cutaneous application of 8 and 13 mg/kg SM in groups 3 and 4. Sham and control groups received SM vehicle, @entity5723 , and nothing, respectively. Electrophysiological assessments were performed after 26 weeks as follows: sciatic nerve conduction study that included measuring, amplitude, duration, and latency of M-wave, F-wave latency, and EMG study in resting and minimal contraction states. RESULTS: Results indicate that sciatic nerve conduction velocity did not significantly change in any experimental groups. However, resting EMG records showed some abnormalities very similar to positive sharp waves and @entity2901 reported in @entity1 . These abnormalities were observed in 6 of 36 intoxicated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present data are in favor of @entity528 , to rule out the possibility of other types of @entity528 , additional thorough studies at ultrastructural level are suggested.

title: Long-term effect of a single dose of XXXX mustard on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography pattern in @entity35 hindlimb.

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration', 'degeneration']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']