abstract: 2 antimicrobial agents, @entity17998 , an antibiotic, and a @entity11682 , @entity29406 , were tested as supplement therapeutic treatment together with rehydration and nursing care in 535 cases of @entity697 in a Guatemalan highland village. All cases were under 5 years of age. 417 cases were bacteriologically tested, and 18% suffered from a recognized bacterial pathogen (Shigella or @entity526 ) and 82% were not. Cases occurred in 2 villages in the period from October 1960-December 1961. In 1 village, @entity1 were treated with the antimicrobial agents in addition to general medical care; in the other, cases were treated with family nursing and folk remedies only. The general death rate from all causes was lower in the village where general medical care was provided. Deaths from @entity697 were relatively few in both villages. An annual mortality from @entity5163 of 7.7 per 1000 @entity1 in the treated community and of 17.3 in the untreated community was reported. The difference, however, was attributed mostly to general supportive measure, especially rehydration and nursing care. In vitro, @entity17998 was very effective, but it did not prove so clinically. The @entity11682 was effective against only 61% of Shigella strains in vitro, and the clinical result was somewhat less.

title: Studies of @entity5163 in Central America. VII. Treatment of preschool @entity1 with XXXX and @entity29406 under field conditions in a Guatemalan highland village.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diarrheal disease']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal disease']

entities_list: @entity17998 :: ('MESH:D010303', 'Chemical') :: ['paromomycin']

entities_list: @entity29406 :: ('MESH:D013421', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxypyridazine']

answer: @entity17998 :: (MESH:D010303,Chemical) :: ['paromomycin']


abstract: 2 antimicrobial agents, @entity17998 , an antibiotic, and a @entity11682 , @entity29406 , were tested as supplement therapeutic treatment together with rehydration and nursing care in 535 cases of @entity697 in a Guatemalan highland village. All cases were under 5 years of age. 417 cases were bacteriologically tested, and 18% suffered from a recognized bacterial pathogen (Shigella or @entity526 ) and 82% were not. Cases occurred in 2 villages in the period from October 1960-December 1961. In 1 village, @entity1 were treated with the antimicrobial agents in addition to general medical care; in the other, cases were treated with family nursing and folk remedies only. The general death rate from all causes was lower in the village where general medical care was provided. Deaths from @entity697 were relatively few in both villages. An annual mortality from @entity5163 of 7.7 per 1000 @entity1 in the treated community and of 17.3 in the untreated community was reported. The difference, however, was attributed mostly to general supportive measure, especially rehydration and nursing care. In vitro, @entity17998 was very effective, but it did not prove so clinically. The @entity11682 was effective against only 61% of Shigella strains in vitro, and the clinical result was somewhat less.

title: Studies of XXXX in Central America. VII. Treatment of preschool @entity1 with @entity17998 and @entity29406 under field conditions in a Guatemalan highland village.

answer: @entity5163 :: (MESH:D004403,Disease) :: ['diarrheal disease']


abstract: 2 antimicrobial agents, @entity17998 , an antibiotic, and a @entity11682 , @entity29406 , were tested as supplement therapeutic treatment together with rehydration and nursing care in 535 cases of @entity697 in a Guatemalan highland village. All cases were under 5 years of age. 417 cases were bacteriologically tested, and 18% suffered from a recognized bacterial pathogen (Shigella or @entity526 ) and 82% were not. Cases occurred in 2 villages in the period from October 1960-December 1961. In 1 village, @entity1 were treated with the antimicrobial agents in addition to general medical care; in the other, cases were treated with family nursing and folk remedies only. The general death rate from all causes was lower in the village where general medical care was provided. Deaths from @entity697 were relatively few in both villages. An annual mortality from @entity5163 of 7.7 per 1000 @entity1 in the treated community and of 17.3 in the untreated community was reported. The difference, however, was attributed mostly to general supportive measure, especially rehydration and nursing care. In vitro, @entity17998 was very effective, but it did not prove so clinically. The @entity11682 was effective against only 61% of Shigella strains in vitro, and the clinical result was somewhat less.

title: Studies of @entity5163 in Central America. VII. Treatment of preschool @entity1 with @entity17998 and XXXX under field conditions in a Guatemalan highland village.

answer: @entity29406 :: (MESH:D013421,Chemical) :: ['sulfamethoxypyridazine']


abstract: 2 antimicrobial agents, @entity17998 , an antibiotic, and a @entity11682 , @entity29406 , were tested as supplement therapeutic treatment together with rehydration and nursing care in 535 cases of @entity697 in a Guatemalan highland village. All cases were under 5 years of age. 417 cases were bacteriologically tested, and 18% suffered from a recognized bacterial pathogen (Shigella or @entity526 ) and 82% were not. Cases occurred in 2 villages in the period from October 1960-December 1961. In 1 village, @entity1 were treated with the antimicrobial agents in addition to general medical care; in the other, cases were treated with family nursing and folk remedies only. The general death rate from all causes was lower in the village where general medical care was provided. Deaths from @entity697 were relatively few in both villages. An annual mortality from @entity5163 of 7.7 per 1000 @entity1 in the treated community and of 17.3 in the untreated community was reported. The difference, however, was attributed mostly to general supportive measure, especially rehydration and nursing care. In vitro, @entity17998 was very effective, but it did not prove so clinically. The @entity11682 was effective against only 61% of Shigella strains in vitro, and the clinical result was somewhat less.

title: Studies of @entity5163 in Central America. VII. Treatment of preschool XXXX with @entity17998 and @entity29406 under field conditions in a Guatemalan highland village.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Eleven cases of high-energy industrial @entity130 treated between 1980 and 1984 were retrospectively reviewed. The dominant extremity was affected in nine. Six @entity1 sustained @entity174 and/or dislocations, and three of these @entity1 required fasciotomies for clinical signs of impending compartment syndromes. All @entity174 /dislocations, with the exception of a @entity174 , @entity1347 of a thumb interphalangeal joint, and a fractured coronoid process of the ulna, required open reduction with internal fixation. Three @entity1 required split-thickness skin grafting for extensive @entity272 . Two @entity1 required immediate amputation. Late sequelae included prolonged @entity4 , nutritional depletion, @entity2950 formation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve, late @entity923 , and partial @entity5300 . Industrial @entity130 continue to be an occupational hazard associated with more severe crushing @entity130 than the low-energy wringer washer injuries first described by MacCollum (11). Attention must be paid to the treatment of crushed skin, muscle, and nerves, @entity174 stabilization, nutritional support, and occupational therapy. Concurrent monitoring for signs of a developing @entity2054 and complications of @entity5925 is essential.

title: High-energy XXXX to the upper extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'scapula fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin degloving']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'roller injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['roller injuries']


abstract: @entity261 was diagnosed in nine members of a kindred of three generations. This study investigated why these @entity1 were asymptomatic and without @entity851 , in contrast to the common presentation of @entity261 . In the @entity14645 subjects, serum @entity460 level was 7.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) and ionized serum @entity460 level was 3.48 +/- 0.21 mg/dl. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values were inappropriately low. Injection of @entity1098 in one @entity1 lowered ionized @entity460 levels, but immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values did not rise. Serum levels of @entity10692 and other @entity560 metabolites were normal or elevated and substantially higher than in other @entity261 states. The normally observed positive correlation between the fasting urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio and serum @entity10692 that reflects the dependence of net bone resorption on @entity10692 was upheld in @entity261 @entity1 . It is proposed that the subjects with @entity27935 in this kindred had moderate asymptomatic @entity3747 without @entity851 because normal or elevated serum @entity10692 levels enhanced intestinal @entity460 absorption. This may represent one point in the spectrum of @entity261 . Alternately, both the moderate degree of @entity3747 and the normal serum calcitriol values could have been related to mild, partial @entity261 , which could have been inherited in this kindred.

title: Moderate @entity3747 due to normal serum @entity10692 levels in an asymptomatic kindred with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroid', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity27935 :: ('MESH:C537156', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity27935 :: (MESH:C537156,Disease) :: ['familial hypoparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity261 was diagnosed in nine members of a kindred of three generations. This study investigated why these @entity1 were asymptomatic and without @entity851 , in contrast to the common presentation of @entity261 . In the @entity14645 subjects, serum @entity460 level was 7.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) and ionized serum @entity460 level was 3.48 +/- 0.21 mg/dl. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values were inappropriately low. Injection of @entity1098 in one @entity1 lowered ionized @entity460 levels, but immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values did not rise. Serum levels of @entity10692 and other @entity560 metabolites were normal or elevated and substantially higher than in other @entity261 states. The normally observed positive correlation between the fasting urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio and serum @entity10692 that reflects the dependence of net bone resorption on @entity10692 was upheld in @entity261 @entity1 . It is proposed that the subjects with @entity27935 in this kindred had moderate asymptomatic @entity3747 without @entity851 because normal or elevated serum @entity10692 levels enhanced intestinal @entity460 absorption. This may represent one point in the spectrum of @entity261 . Alternately, both the moderate degree of @entity3747 and the normal serum calcitriol values could have been related to mild, partial @entity261 , which could have been inherited in this kindred.

title: Moderate XXXX due to normal serum @entity10692 levels in an asymptomatic kindred with @entity27935 .

answer: @entity3747 :: (MESH:D006996,Disease) :: ['hypocalcemia']


abstract: @entity261 was diagnosed in nine members of a kindred of three generations. This study investigated why these @entity1 were asymptomatic and without @entity851 , in contrast to the common presentation of @entity261 . In the @entity14645 subjects, serum @entity460 level was 7.4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) and ionized serum @entity460 level was 3.48 +/- 0.21 mg/dl. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values were inappropriately low. Injection of @entity1098 in one @entity1 lowered ionized @entity460 levels, but immunoreactive parathyroid hormone values did not rise. Serum levels of @entity10692 and other @entity560 metabolites were normal or elevated and substantially higher than in other @entity261 states. The normally observed positive correlation between the fasting urinary @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio and serum @entity10692 that reflects the dependence of net bone resorption on @entity10692 was upheld in @entity261 @entity1 . It is proposed that the subjects with @entity27935 in this kindred had moderate asymptomatic @entity3747 without @entity851 because normal or elevated serum @entity10692 levels enhanced intestinal @entity460 absorption. This may represent one point in the spectrum of @entity261 . Alternately, both the moderate degree of @entity3747 and the normal serum calcitriol values could have been related to mild, partial @entity261 , which could have been inherited in this kindred.

title: Moderate @entity3747 due to normal serum XXXX levels in an asymptomatic kindred with @entity27935 .

answer: @entity10692 :: (MESH:C097949,Chemical) :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine microcystic inner nuclear layer (INL) changes in @entity735 and to determine associated factors. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. METHODS: Two hundred seventeen eyes of 133 @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), 41 eyes of 32 @entity1 with @entity726 and 181 normal eyes of 117 subjects were ultimately included. @entity389 were examined with infrared fundus images and with 19 vertical spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images in the macular area. RESULTS: Microcystic INL changes were observed in 6.0% of eyes with @entity725 , but none of the normal eyes or eyes with @entity726 showed microcystic INL changes. The proportion of eyes with advanced @entity726 was significantly larger (P = 0.013) in eyes with @entity75 than without. The @entity227 ( @entity5494 ) slope was also significantly worse (P = 0.027) in eyes with @entity75 . No significant differences were observed in age, sex, refraction, axial length, intraocular pressure, or @entity5494 value between eyes with and without @entity389 . In several cases, @entity389 occurred along with @entity227 . The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.013) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) + inner plexiform layer thickness (P = 0.023) were significantly lower in areas with @entity75 than without. The INL was also significantly thicker (P = 0.002) in areas with @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity389 in @entity735 are closely associated with RNFL and @entity1358 thinning and correlated with worse @entity5494 slope. These INL lesions may indicate focal and progressive damage in @entity726 .

title: Microcystic Inner Nuclear Layer Changes and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects in Eyes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field mean deviation', 'glaucomatous visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['preperimetric glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['GCL', 'ganglion cell layer']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['Microcystic INL lesions', 'microcystic INL lesions']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity43 were treated with combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy employing a unique protocol. Four cycles of @entity786 and @entity11558 alternated with four cycles of concurrent @entity900 , whole abdominal radiotherapy, and intraperitoneal @entity8712 . The entire treatment program lasted six months. Clinical complete responses were seen in 50% of the @entity1 with an overall response rate of 61%. Pathologic complete response (PCR) confirmed at second look surgery occurred in 18% of the group (5 @entity1 ). Median survival of the entire group was 15.2 months with all PCR's alive NED. This outcome was no different than our previous experience with combination chemotherapy alone. @entity137 seen included @entity1431 , @entity882 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity353 . However, these side effects were manageable. Two non- @entity5 deaths occurred. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining drug and radiation therapy concurrently in the treatment of @entity43 ; further research is needed to explore different sequencing and dose levels that could improve the outcome.

title: The treatment of @entity43 with a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radiosensitizer: report of a pilot study from the National XXXX Institute.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III or IV ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity43 were treated with combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy employing a unique protocol. Four cycles of @entity786 and @entity11558 alternated with four cycles of concurrent @entity900 , whole abdominal radiotherapy, and intraperitoneal @entity8712 . The entire treatment program lasted six months. Clinical complete responses were seen in 50% of the @entity1 with an overall response rate of 61%. Pathologic complete response (PCR) confirmed at second look surgery occurred in 18% of the group (5 @entity1 ). Median survival of the entire group was 15.2 months with all PCR's alive NED. This outcome was no different than our previous experience with combination chemotherapy alone. @entity137 seen included @entity1431 , @entity882 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity353 . However, these side effects were manageable. Two non- @entity5 deaths occurred. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining drug and radiation therapy concurrently in the treatment of @entity43 ; further research is needed to explore different sequencing and dose levels that could improve the outcome.

title: The treatment of XXXX with a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radiosensitizer: report of a pilot study from the National @entity5 Institute.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced stage ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incontinence is a common problem faced by family caregivers that is recognized as a major burden and predictor of institutionalization. However, few studies have evaluated the experiences of family caregivers caring for @entity64 survivors with @entity322 . PURPOSE: To describe experiences of caregivers managing @entity322 in @entity64 survivors. DESIGN: This qualitative descriptive study employed a grounded-theory approach. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten family caregivers of @entity64 survivors with @entity322 were conducted during 2011. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. FINDINGS: Data analysis identified four themes: chaos, hypervigilance, exhaustion, and creating a new life. There were nine related subcategories: fluster, dirtiness, urgency, fear of potential health-hazard, physically demanding and time-consuming, mentally draining, financial burden, learning by doing, and attitude adjustment. Together, these described a process of struggling to cope with the care of @entity64 survivors with urinary/fecal @entity322 . Of the four categories, "creating a new life" developed gradually over time to orient caregivers to their new life, while the other three categories occurred in a chronological order. CONCLUSION: The research highlighted unique caring experiences of family caregivers of @entity64 @entity1 , which focused solely on the ' @entity322 issue'. Understanding these experiences may help nurses provide better support and resources for family caregivers when caring for @entity64 survivors with @entity322 .

title: A Qualitative Study of Family Caregiver Experiences of Managing Incontinence in XXXX Survivors.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: A systematic analysis of the cellular components of @entity1944 (i.e., goblet cells with or without brush border cells and Paneth cells) was performed in endoscopic gastric biopsies from 984 @entity1 without @entity356 ; 359 Swedish and 625 Japanese @entity1 . The Japanese @entity1 , matched for age and sex, had twice as much @entity1944 as the Swedes. The frequency of goblet cells and columnar cells with brush (absorptive) border increased with increasing age in both ethnic groups. Complete @entity1944 (i.e. the presence of at least two or all three cellular components) was twice as frequent in the Japanese. This may reflect differences in the environment (including food habits) of the gastric mucosa in the two populations. Structural mucosal changes (i.e. pseudo-villus formations) were found more than twice as often in the Japanese. Since pseudo-villus changes occurred as often as goblet cells and brush border cells in both groups, it is suggested that the above-mentioned mucosal structural change should be considered for inclusion among the histological criteria of @entity1944 of the stomach. Incomplete @entity1944 (i.e. the occurrence of goblet cells without the other cellular components) occurred in similar proportions in the two populations. The present findings support the theory that incomplete @entity1944 may be a para- rather than a preneoplastic phenomenon.

title: Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in Swedish and Japanese XXXX without ulcers or carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer or carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been demonstrated to reduce mortality and morbidity and thereby improve the prognosis of @entity1 undergoing acute @entity583 (AMIs). However, this procedure paradoxically increases the initial damage as the result of a condition known as ' @entity296 '. Oxidative stress may contribute to the mechanism of this injury. The goal of the present study was to ascertain whether high plasma @entity9050 levels could ameliorate the reperfusion injuries that occur after the successful restoration of blood flow. METHODS: @entity1 from three clinical centers of the public health system were included in the study. The groups were formed by either-sex @entity1 with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation @entity583 with an indication for primary @entity301 . Only the @entity1 who presented with their first @entity583 were enrolled. @entity9050 was administered through an infusion given prior to the restoration of the coronary flow, which was then followed by oral treatment with @entity620 (500   mg/12   hours) plus @entity270 (400   IU/day) for 84 days. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by using cardiac magnetic resonance on days 6 and 84 following the onset of the reperfusion. In addition, the microvascular function was assessed by an angiographic evaluation using the Thrombolysis In @entity583 (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG). The results were grouped according to the plasma @entity9050 concentration achieved immediately following the onset of reperfusion into either the HA group (high @entity9050 , >1   mmol/l) or the LA group (low @entity9050 , <1   mmol/l). The biochemical parameters were analyzed throughout the protocol. RESULTS: The LVEF of the HA group was significantly higher than that of the LA group, values on day 84 in the HA group were 33% higher than those of the LA group. The amelioration of the LVEF was accompanied by an improvement in the @entity409 , after @entity301 , 95% of the @entity1 in the HA group achieved a TMPG of 2-3, in the LA group only 79% of @entity1 showed a TMPG of 2-3. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the protective effect of high plasma levels of @entity9050 against the oxidative challenge caused by @entity5721 in @entity1 subjected to @entity301 following an AMI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism accounting for this beneficial antioxidant effect.

title: Amelioration of persistent left ventricular function impairment through increased plasma XXXX levels following @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'Percutaneous coronary angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity9050 :: (CHEBI:38290,Chemical) :: ['ascorbate']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been demonstrated to reduce mortality and morbidity and thereby improve the prognosis of @entity1 undergoing acute @entity583 (AMIs). However, this procedure paradoxically increases the initial damage as the result of a condition known as ' @entity296 '. Oxidative stress may contribute to the mechanism of this injury. The goal of the present study was to ascertain whether high plasma @entity9050 levels could ameliorate the reperfusion injuries that occur after the successful restoration of blood flow. METHODS: @entity1 from three clinical centers of the public health system were included in the study. The groups were formed by either-sex @entity1 with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation @entity583 with an indication for primary @entity301 . Only the @entity1 who presented with their first @entity583 were enrolled. @entity9050 was administered through an infusion given prior to the restoration of the coronary flow, which was then followed by oral treatment with @entity620 (500   mg/12   hours) plus @entity270 (400   IU/day) for 84 days. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by using cardiac magnetic resonance on days 6 and 84 following the onset of the reperfusion. In addition, the microvascular function was assessed by an angiographic evaluation using the Thrombolysis In @entity583 (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG). The results were grouped according to the plasma @entity9050 concentration achieved immediately following the onset of reperfusion into either the HA group (high @entity9050 , >1   mmol/l) or the LA group (low @entity9050 , <1   mmol/l). The biochemical parameters were analyzed throughout the protocol. RESULTS: The LVEF of the HA group was significantly higher than that of the LA group, values on day 84 in the HA group were 33% higher than those of the LA group. The amelioration of the LVEF was accompanied by an improvement in the @entity409 , after @entity301 , 95% of the @entity1 in the HA group achieved a TMPG of 2-3, in the LA group only 79% of @entity1 showed a TMPG of 2-3. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the protective effect of high plasma levels of @entity9050 against the oxidative challenge caused by @entity5721 in @entity1 subjected to @entity301 following an AMI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism accounting for this beneficial antioxidant effect.

title: Amelioration of persistent left ventricular function impairment through increased plasma @entity9050 levels following XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: XXXX and @entity136 in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract obstruction', 'BTO']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['advanced biliary tract cancer', 'biliary tract cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and @entity136 in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['advanced biliary tract cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and @entity136 in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( XXXX ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['ABC']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and @entity136 in XXXX with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and @entity136 in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in XXXX with luminal disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity35 glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells, and @entity35 skin fibroblasts, were cultured in RPMI medium containing 15% decomplemented fetal bovine serum. They were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with 2 mM [ @entity141 ]. At that time, their response to various concentrations of @entity1808 , @entity1063 and @entity5402 was studied by phase contrast microscopy. Only the mesangial cells exhibited contractile activity in the presence of 10(-10) M @entity1808 and 10(-6) M @entity1063 , as demonstrated by the reduction of their length or, more frequently, by modification of their shape. No contractile activity was observed in the presence of 10(-5) M @entity5402 . The percentage of contractile cells increased proportionally to the concentration of @entity1808 , reaching about 35% with 10(-6) M @entity1808 . The contractile activity was reversible. Specific inhibitors, i.e. Sar1-ala8- @entity1808 and @entity5333 , when administered in concentrations 10 to 100-fold higher than that of the corresponding agonists, completely blocked the contractile response. This competitive effect was also reversible. The data, therefore, suggest that mesangial cells in culture display some functional properties of smooth muscle cells.

title: Tissue culture of normal XXXX glomeruli: contractile activity of the cultured mesangial cells.

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Ninety-four consecutive @entity1 with unilateral enucleations or eviscerations were tested by the Schirmer I and Schirmer II tests for tear production. The findings on the artificial eye were compared with those on the companion, living (control) eye. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. The control eyes were shown to respond in the normal manner, more tears without topical anesthetic than with it. The sockets of artificial eyes produced no more tears without anesthetic than with it. The control eyes produced a normal amount of reflex tears, whereas the sockets of many artificial eyes produced practically no reflex tears. Tear production in @entity1 with no complaints was compared to those with noteworthy problems. @entity1 with problems had only half as much basic tear secretion as those without problems. Elimination of the stimulus to reflex tear production by removal of the @entity267 and by the presence of the prosthesis is suggested as the cause of @entity735 . The potential value of aqueous or oily artificial lubricants is mentioned.

title: XXXX and tear measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Persons']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of the eye socket']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Artificial eyes']


abstract: This report examines two cases of @entity4767 by @entity5125 (L.m.). Both cases show that listeriosis is not only a differential diagnosis of @entity693 , but can also be the cause of an isolated @entity3308 with normal cerebrospinal fluid cell count. The prognosis depends crucially on the early antibiotic therapy ( @entity869 ). The first @entity1 was a chronic alcoholic. He died of fulminant @entity326 and @entity693 with @entity3308 (cell count of cerebrospinal fluid: 10500/microliters). L.m. was isolated from blood cultures and from cerebrospinal fluid. The second @entity1 had no indications of preexisting @entity1200 . Two days after perianal injections for haemorrhoids, symptoms of a progredient @entity3308 developed. The cell count of cerebrospinal fluid was only 10/mu, but L.m. was isolated from blood cultures. The @entity1 died of @entity1457 . At autopsy, a @entity3308 and cerebellitis with @entity32 of the surrounding leptomeninx was identified.

title: [Infection of the CNS caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem syndrome', 'brain stem encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['purulent meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disorder']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: Background.: @entity54273 occur in 38 % of @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) and may cause @entity158 and increased abdominal girth, mimicking the presence of a @entity5 . Lymphatic involvement in @entity3008 is closely associated with elevated serum levels of @entity9205 ( @entity9205 ). Since @entity54273 undergo diurnal variation in volume, we hypothesized that the ingestion of food during day time, by increasing chyle formation and lymphatic flow, is the cause of an increase in @entity54273 volume. Methods.: @entity1 had abdomino-pelvic sonograms and blood drawn for measurement of serum @entity9205 under non-fasting (day 1) and fasting (day 2) conditions. The size of the @entity54273 was determined by a radiologist who was blinded to the subjects' status. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine whether the non-fasting @entity5 size was different from the fasting @entity5 size. Results.: Thirty-five @entity1 were studied (age=45.2  8.5 years, FEV1= 82  25 % and DLCO 64  25 % predicted); images suitable for volume measurements were obtained in 30. Fasting decreased the @entity5 size by 20.7  39.3 cm3 (24  40 %), (p<0.001). Fasting @entity9205 levels (10,650  900 pg/ml) were not significantly different from non-fasting values (12,100  800 pg/ml) (p=0.56). Conclusions.: @entity54273 volume decreased during the fasting state. Conversely, a combination of food intake and decreased chyle flow through lymphatics partially obstructed by @entity3008 cells, may account for increases in @entity54273 size. Imaging studies performed under fasting conditions may help in determining whether an @entity5 is a result of @entity3008 or a @entity5 .

title: Effect of Fasting on the Size of @entity54273 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity54273 :: ('MESH:D008203', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyoma', 'Lymphangioleiomyoma', 'Lymphangioleiomyomas', 'lymphangioleiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'LAM']

entities_list: @entity9205 :: ('2277', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelium growth factor-D', 'VEGF-D']

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['Lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: Background.: @entity54273 occur in 38 % of @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) and may cause @entity158 and increased abdominal girth, mimicking the presence of a @entity5 . Lymphatic involvement in @entity3008 is closely associated with elevated serum levels of @entity9205 ( @entity9205 ). Since @entity54273 undergo diurnal variation in volume, we hypothesized that the ingestion of food during day time, by increasing chyle formation and lymphatic flow, is the cause of an increase in @entity54273 volume. Methods.: @entity1 had abdomino-pelvic sonograms and blood drawn for measurement of serum @entity9205 under non-fasting (day 1) and fasting (day 2) conditions. The size of the @entity54273 was determined by a radiologist who was blinded to the subjects' status. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine whether the non-fasting @entity5 size was different from the fasting @entity5 size. Results.: Thirty-five @entity1 were studied (age=45.2  8.5 years, FEV1= 82  25 % and DLCO 64  25 % predicted); images suitable for volume measurements were obtained in 30. Fasting decreased the @entity5 size by 20.7  39.3 cm3 (24  40 %), (p<0.001). Fasting @entity9205 levels (10,650  900 pg/ml) were not significantly different from non-fasting values (12,100  800 pg/ml) (p=0.56). Conclusions.: @entity54273 volume decreased during the fasting state. Conversely, a combination of food intake and decreased chyle flow through lymphatics partially obstructed by @entity3008 cells, may account for increases in @entity54273 size. Imaging studies performed under fasting conditions may help in determining whether an @entity5 is a result of @entity3008 or a @entity5 .

title: Effect of Fasting on the Size of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity3008 .

answer: @entity54273 :: (MESH:D008203,Disease) :: ['Lymphangioleiomyomas']


abstract: Background.: @entity54273 occur in 38 % of @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) and may cause @entity158 and increased abdominal girth, mimicking the presence of a @entity5 . Lymphatic involvement in @entity3008 is closely associated with elevated serum levels of @entity9205 ( @entity9205 ). Since @entity54273 undergo diurnal variation in volume, we hypothesized that the ingestion of food during day time, by increasing chyle formation and lymphatic flow, is the cause of an increase in @entity54273 volume. Methods.: @entity1 had abdomino-pelvic sonograms and blood drawn for measurement of serum @entity9205 under non-fasting (day 1) and fasting (day 2) conditions. The size of the @entity54273 was determined by a radiologist who was blinded to the subjects' status. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine whether the non-fasting @entity5 size was different from the fasting @entity5 size. Results.: Thirty-five @entity1 were studied (age=45.2  8.5 years, FEV1= 82  25 % and DLCO 64  25 % predicted); images suitable for volume measurements were obtained in 30. Fasting decreased the @entity5 size by 20.7  39.3 cm3 (24  40 %), (p<0.001). Fasting @entity9205 levels (10,650  900 pg/ml) were not significantly different from non-fasting values (12,100  800 pg/ml) (p=0.56). Conclusions.: @entity54273 volume decreased during the fasting state. Conversely, a combination of food intake and decreased chyle flow through lymphatics partially obstructed by @entity3008 cells, may account for increases in @entity54273 size. Imaging studies performed under fasting conditions may help in determining whether an @entity5 is a result of @entity3008 or a @entity5 .

title: Effect of Fasting on the Size of @entity54273 in XXXX with @entity3008 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity551 is the most common complication after @entity510 for cesarean delivery. Several therapeutic and preventive measures are used to attenuate this side effect. @entity750 receptor-blocking drugs have been suggested as one such approach. We sought to determine whether prophylactically administered intravenous @entity3974 could attenuate @entity551 in @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery performed under @entity510 . METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either 8 mg intravenous @entity3974 (group O; n = 44) or placebo (group P; n = 42) in a prospective double-blind design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and at 3-minute intervals from the time of initiation of @entity510 until delivery. @entity3974 effect on hemodynamics (SBP, @entity551 ) was quantified and analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: We did not find differences in SBP (P = 0.78), MAP (P = 0.89), DBP (P = 0.82), or HR (P = 0.18) between the 2 groups during the study period. @entity2647 requirements to treat @entity551 were 350  g (175-700  g) in group O and 450  g (300-700  g) in group P (P = 0.30). The incidence of @entity111 was 63% (n = 28 of 44) in group O and 56% (n = 23 of 42) in group P (difference, 0.08 [95% confidence interval, -0.23 to 0.41], P = 0.59). No difference in the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 or sensory level was found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3974 premedication does not attenuate hemodynamic changes after @entity510 nor does it reduce the amount of vasopressor use, @entity111 , or @entity390 and @entity391 .

title: XXXX Does Not Attenuate Hemodynamic Changes in @entity1 Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery Using Subarachnoid Anesthesia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['DBP, MAP, and HR', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['Ondansetron']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity551 is the most common complication after @entity510 for cesarean delivery. Several therapeutic and preventive measures are used to attenuate this side effect. @entity750 receptor-blocking drugs have been suggested as one such approach. We sought to determine whether prophylactically administered intravenous @entity3974 could attenuate @entity551 in @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery performed under @entity510 . METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either 8 mg intravenous @entity3974 (group O; n = 44) or placebo (group P; n = 42) in a prospective double-blind design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and at 3-minute intervals from the time of initiation of @entity510 until delivery. @entity3974 effect on hemodynamics (SBP, @entity551 ) was quantified and analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: We did not find differences in SBP (P = 0.78), MAP (P = 0.89), DBP (P = 0.82), or HR (P = 0.18) between the 2 groups during the study period. @entity2647 requirements to treat @entity551 were 350  g (175-700  g) in group O and 450  g (300-700  g) in group P (P = 0.30). The incidence of @entity111 was 63% (n = 28 of 44) in group O and 56% (n = 23 of 42) in group P (difference, 0.08 [95% confidence interval, -0.23 to 0.41], P = 0.59). No difference in the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 or sensory level was found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3974 premedication does not attenuate hemodynamic changes after @entity510 nor does it reduce the amount of vasopressor use, @entity111 , or @entity390 and @entity391 .

title: @entity3974 Does Not Attenuate Hemodynamic Changes in XXXX Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery Using Subarachnoid Anesthesia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In female NIH strain @entity19 , expulsion of a primary @entity281 of the @entity2199 @entity8416 began on day 8 and was virtually complete by day 14 of @entity281 . In secondary and tertiary @entity281 , the number of larvae which established in the intestine was normal, but expulsion began on day 6 and was complete on day 10. In a primary @entity281 the shedding of larvae by female worms began on day 5, reached its peak on days 6--7, began to decrease on day 8 and was minimal by day 10. In secondary and tertiary @entity281 fecundity was @entity308 . The @entity308 of fecundity occurred slightly in advance of worm loss. During the stable phase of @entity281 , @entity8416 occurred in the anterior half of the small intestine. During expulsion, living worms were found increasingly in more posterior parts of the gut but their fecundity did not vary with position. After direct inoculation into the posterior ileum, adult and larval @entity8416 remained in the posterior half of the small intestine. In this position, larvae established in normal numbers, grew and reproduced normally. Therefore, any part of the small intestine was a suitable site for @entity8416 and expulsion is not merely due to a change in the position of the worms.

title: Effects of the host immune response on the longevity, fecundity and position in the intestine of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis', 'T. spiralis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella spiralis']


abstract: In female NIH strain @entity19 , expulsion of a primary @entity281 of the @entity2199 @entity8416 began on day 8 and was virtually complete by day 14 of @entity281 . In secondary and tertiary @entity281 , the number of larvae which established in the intestine was normal, but expulsion began on day 6 and was complete on day 10. In a primary @entity281 the shedding of larvae by female worms began on day 5, reached its peak on days 6--7, began to decrease on day 8 and was minimal by day 10. In secondary and tertiary @entity281 fecundity was @entity308 . The @entity308 of fecundity occurred slightly in advance of worm loss. During the stable phase of @entity281 , @entity8416 occurred in the anterior half of the small intestine. During expulsion, living worms were found increasingly in more posterior parts of the gut but their fecundity did not vary with position. After direct inoculation into the posterior ileum, adult and larval @entity8416 remained in the posterior half of the small intestine. In this position, larvae established in normal numbers, grew and reproduced normally. Therefore, any part of the small intestine was a suitable site for @entity8416 and expulsion is not merely due to a change in the position of the worms.

title: Effects of the host immune response on the longevity, fecundity and position in the intestine of @entity8416 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A partial smoke-free regulation in Spain was introduced on January 1, 2006, which was subsequently amended to introduce a comprehensive smoke-free policy from 2 January 2011 onward. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of @entity286 consumption in Spain and the profile of smokers before (2006) and after (2011) the comprehensive smoking ban passed in 2010. METHODS: Two independent, cross-sectional, population-based surveys were carried out among the adult (>=  18 years old) Spanish population in 2006 and 2011 through telephone interviews. Both surveys used the same methods and questionnaire. @entity1239 @entity734 was assessed with the Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 and readiness to quit according to the stages of change. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity286 consumption showed a nonsignificant decrease from 23.4% in 2006 to 20.7% in 2011. No changes were observed in @entity1239 @entity734 or readiness to quit. In 2011, most smokers (76%) showed low @entity1239 @entity734 and were mainly in the precontemplation stage (72%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smokers has slightly decreased since the introduction of the total smoking ban in Spain. No differences were found in @entity1239 @entity734 or readiness to quit.

title: Changes in the Prevalence of XXXX Consumption and the Profile of Spanish Smokers after a Comprehensive Smoke-Free Policy.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and goniosynechialysis on @entity1 with primary @entity2747 and @entity231 . METHODS: A total of 145 eyes of 133 consecutively recruited @entity1 were randomly divided into Phaco group and Trab group. Ocular parameters were measured before and after surgery. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 13.2  5.6 months. The visual acuity in the Phaco group was significantly improved, whereas no alternation was found in the Trab group after surgery. The intraocular pressure (IOP) had no notable difference in 2 groups before surgery. Compared with preoperative IOP, there was significant decrease after surgery. No remarkable change in the IOP was measured in the 2 groups after surgery for 12 months. The anterior chamber depth was markedly augmented in the Phaco group compared with the Trab group after surgery for 3 months. Compared with the the Trab group, no obvious change in coefficient of outflow facility was found in the Phaco group before and after surgery, whereas there was a significant increase relative to its preoperation. The angle closure decreased from (290  25) to (60  35) degrees after surgery for 12 months in the Phaco group and no significant alteration was observed in the Trab group. The reduction extent of @entity1897 was in direct proportion to the decreasing level of angle closure in the 2 groups. The change in the corneal endothelial cell density had no significant difference between 2 groups before and after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and goniosynechialysis is safe and effective for @entity1 with primary @entity2747 and @entity231 .

title: Effects of Phacoemulsification Combined With Goniosynechialysis on Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral anterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-closure Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity231 surgery on eyes with @entity13785 confers as much functional visual improvement as surgery on eyes without retinal pathology. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 4924 @entity231 surgeries from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Ophthalmic Surgical Outcomes Data Project (OSOD). We included cases of eyes with @entity13785 that had both preoperative and postoperative NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaires submitted and compared their outcomes with controls without retinal pathology. We excluded @entity1 with other retinal pathologies (740 @entity1 ). The analyses compared changes in visual acuity and overall functional visual improvement and its subscales using t-tests, multivariate logistic regressions, and linear regression modeling. RESULTS: Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires were submitted by 58.3% of @entity13785 and 63.8% of no retinal pathology cases (controls). Analysis of overall score showed that @entity231 surgery on eyes with @entity13785 led to increased visual function (13.8    2.4 NEI-VFQ units, P < 0.0001); however, increases were significantly less when compared with controls (-6.4    2.9 NEI-VFQ units, P < 0.0001). Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (preBCVA) in @entity13785 was predictive of postoperative visual function (r = -0.38, P < 0.0001). In controls, postoperative visual function was only weakly associated with preBCVA (r = -0.075, P = 0.0002). @entity1 with @entity13785 with vision of 20/40 or better had overall outcomes similar to controls (-2.2    4.7 NEI-VFQ units, P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: @entity231 surgery on eyes with @entity13785 offers an increase in functional visual improvement; however, the amount of benefit is associated with the eye's preBCVA. For eyes with preBCVA of 20/40 or greater, the improvement is similar to that of @entity1 without retinal pathology. However, if preBCVA is less than 20/40, the amount of improvement was shown to be significantly less and decreased with decreasing preBCVA.

title: Functional Visual Improvement After XXXX Surgery in Eyes With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results of the Ophthalmic Surgical Outcomes Data Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: An opportunity to study the effects of @entity5165 @entity4968 in @entity1 was provided by the large outbreak in Iraq in 1971-2. In adults, @entity4968 resulted from the ingestion of home-made bread prepared from @entity5165 -treated seed grain and there was a highly significant correlation between the amount of bread ingested and blood @entity349 levels. Poisoning in @entity1 resulted either from prior exposure in utero or from suckling or both. Blood @entity349 levels were higher in @entity1 and @entity1 than in adults. There was no increased incidence of @entity154 . Symptoms and signs of @entity4968 and histopathological changes were mainly confined to the CNS. Symptoms developed, on average, 1-2 months after exposure. In @entity1 there was @entity1032 with delayed onset of speech and impaired motor, sensory and autonomic function. Severely affected @entity1 were blind and deaf. In adults, the clinical picture could be classified as 1, mild (mainly of sensory symptoms) 2, moderate (sensory symptoms accompanied by cerebellar signs) and 3, severe (gross ataxia with marked @entity227 which, in some cases, progressed to @entity2845 mutism followed by @entity772 ). Grades 1 and 2 carried a better prognosis thant grade 3. Interference with transmission at the myoneural junction was found in 14% of @entity1 studied. There was no evidence of peripheral nerve involvement per se and sensory symptoms may be of central origin. The clinical differences between the Iraqi and Japanese outbreaks may be a result, in part at least, of the severe, prolonged and continuous exposure which occurred in the latter outbreak. Improvement was observed among the mild and moderate group. Treatment with chelating agents, @entity1432 resin, haemodialysis and exchange transfusion lowered blood @entity349 concentrations but produced no convincing clinical benefit. To be effective, treatment may need to be instituted soon after exposure.

title: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of @entity5165 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: An opportunity to study the effects of @entity5165 @entity4968 in @entity1 was provided by the large outbreak in Iraq in 1971-2. In adults, @entity4968 resulted from the ingestion of home-made bread prepared from @entity5165 -treated seed grain and there was a highly significant correlation between the amount of bread ingested and blood @entity349 levels. Poisoning in @entity1 resulted either from prior exposure in utero or from suckling or both. Blood @entity349 levels were higher in @entity1 and @entity1 than in adults. There was no increased incidence of @entity154 . Symptoms and signs of @entity4968 and histopathological changes were mainly confined to the CNS. Symptoms developed, on average, 1-2 months after exposure. In @entity1 there was @entity1032 with delayed onset of speech and impaired motor, sensory and autonomic function. Severely affected @entity1 were blind and deaf. In adults, the clinical picture could be classified as 1, mild (mainly of sensory symptoms) 2, moderate (sensory symptoms accompanied by cerebellar signs) and 3, severe (gross ataxia with marked @entity227 which, in some cases, progressed to @entity2845 mutism followed by @entity772 ). Grades 1 and 2 carried a better prognosis thant grade 3. Interference with transmission at the myoneural junction was found in 14% of @entity1 studied. There was no evidence of peripheral nerve involvement per se and sensory symptoms may be of central origin. The clinical differences between the Iraqi and Japanese outbreaks may be a result, in part at least, of the severe, prolonged and continuous exposure which occurred in the latter outbreak. Improvement was observed among the mild and moderate group. Treatment with chelating agents, @entity1432 resin, haemodialysis and exchange transfusion lowered blood @entity349 concentrations but produced no convincing clinical benefit. To be effective, treatment may need to be instituted soon after exposure.

title: Clinical and epidemiological aspects of XXXX @entity4968 .

answer: @entity5165 :: (CHEBI:30785,Chemical) :: ['methylmercury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Within the past several years, innovative communication tools have been established as viable quality improvement mechanisms in health care. Meanwhile, the economic and societal burdens of @entity580 ( @entity580 ) continue to rise. Various interventions have been attempted to reduce @entity580 . This study evaluated the effectiveness of a communication tool in reducing risk factors for @entity580 . METHODS: A communication tool aimed at reducing HAC risk factors was developed by an interdisciplinary team of physicians and nurses and tested in a simple before-after quality improvement study. It included 8 components: ambulation/fall risk, blood @entity413 greater than 200 mg/dL, central venous catheters, @entity1150 prophylaxis, erosions of the skin/dermal ulcers, Foley/urinary catheters, got communication, and heart monitor/telemetry. This communication tool facilitated multidisciplinary communication. The nurses completed it nightly, and the physicians reviewed the communication tool each morning and, when appropriate, addressed components of care that were out of compliance with best practices. RESULTS: The use of the ABCs of Hospitalized @entity1 Communication Tool led to daily improvements with reduction in the percentage of @entity1 with blood @entity413 greater than 200 mg/dL from 43.3% to 35.1%, reduction in the use of central venous catheters from 8.2% to 1.0% of @entity1 , increase in the use of chemical @entity1150 prophylaxis from 45.4% of @entity1 to 56.7%, reduction in the use of urinary catheters from 27.6% to 13.2%, and decrease in use of telemetry from 67.5% to 55.1%. All of the results have P < 0.05. These improvements were sustained over time. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a multidisciplinary communication tool serves as a simple, resource-conscious, and customizable instrument to reduce the risk factors for developing @entity580 . This communication tool can be easily disseminated and used by other institutions.

title: ABCs of Hospitalized XXXX : A Simple Before-After Study of a Communication Tool to Improve Quality of Inpatient Care.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HACs', 'hospital-acquired conditions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Current guidelines favor the use of chelating agents ( @entity2361 , @entity31000 ) in first line therapy of symptomatic @entity2360 @entity1 . Development of chelator induced immunological adverse events are a concern especially under @entity2361 therapy. This study assessed the prevalence of co-existing or therapy-related immune-mediated diseases in @entity2360 @entity1 , and evaluated the role of antinuclear antibodies in therapy monitoring. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 235 @entity2360 @entity1 . Medical regimens were classified and analyzed in relation to adverse events and antinuclear antibody courses. RESULTS: Coexisting immune-mediated diseases were evident in 19/235 (8.1  %) @entity1 , of which 13/235 (5.5  %) had pre-existing @entity792 . Six @entity1 (2.6  %) developed an @entity792 under therapy, all of them under long-term @entity2361 treatment. Data relating to antinuclear antibody courses during treatment and adverse events were available for @entity1 treated with @entity2361 (n   =   91), @entity31000 (n   =   58), and @entity219 salts (n   =   58). No significant increase in antinuclear antibody titers in @entity1 treated with @entity2361 (16/91; 17.6  %), @entity31000 (12/58; 20.7  %), and @entity219 (7/58; 12.1  %) were found. CONCLUSION: Under long-term @entity2361 therapy a minority of @entity1 developed immune-mediated disease. Elevations in antinuclear antibodies were found frequently, but no correlations were evident between increases in antinuclear antibodies and the development of immune-mediated diseases or medical regimes. Thus, the value of antinuclear antibodies for monitoring adverse events under chelator therapy seems to be limited.

title: Concomitant immune-related events in XXXX : implications for monitoring chelator therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['d-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity31000 :: ('MESH:D014266', 'Chemical') :: ['trientine']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['Wilson disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists on the effects of receiving care in a @entity697 ( @entity697 ). OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity697 effects on mortality and Medicare payments overall and among high-acuity @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries using probit and generalized linear models. An instrumental variable technique was used to adjust for selection bias. SUBJECTS: Medicare beneficiaries within 5 major diagnostic categories and not on prolonged mechanical ventilation. MEASURES: Mortality (365 d) and Medicare payments (180 d) during an episode of care. RESULTS: @entity697 care is associated with increases in Medicare payments ranging from  3146 to  17,589 (P<0.01) with no mortality benefit for 3 categories and payment reductions of  5419 and  5962 (P<0.01) at lower or similar mortality for 2 categories. @entity697 @entity1 with @entity881 experience lower mortality at similar or lower payments (3 categories) or similar mortality at lower payments (1 category) compared with @entity1 in other settings, with mortality benefits between 5.4 and 9.7 percentage points (P<0.05) and payment reductions between  13,806 and  20,809 (P<0.01). For 1 category, we found no difference in mortality or payments between @entity697 and non- @entity697 @entity1 with @entity881 . For @entity1 with >= 3 days in intensive care, @entity697 care is associated with improved mortality and lower payments in 4 and 3 categories, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Receiving care in an @entity697 may improve outcomes for some @entity1 . Further research is needed to better define @entity1 for whom care in these hospitals is beneficial.

title: The Role of Long-term Acute Care Hospitals in Treating the Critically Ill and Medically Complex: An Analysis of Nonventilator XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['long-term acute care hospital', 'LTCH']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity731 and @entity101 are, by far, the most common @entity65 affecting @entity1 , and both are influenced by diet. @entity731 occurs more commonly in @entity1 than @entity1 ; generally @entity1 are 10 to 15 years older than @entity1 when symptoms develop. The prevalence of @entity101 is about equal in the two sexes, particularly in middle aged and older @entity1 . These @entity65 are major causes of @entity204 and disability in this country. @entity731 results in @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity613 . @entity101 , when severe, damages small blood vessels, causing @entity177 , @entity548 , @entity64 , and @entity712 ; when the condition is mild to moderate, it produces @entity731 . Nutritional factors are of primary importance in both @entity731 and @entity101 . Risk factors for @entity731 related to nutrition are @entity1007 , @entity4854 - @entity6 , and for @entity101 , @entity28 , high salt intake, and excessive use of @entity167 . Of all these risk factors, @entity28 seems to be the most important because it is strongly linked to @entity101 and @entity6 . Dietary intake of saturated fat is a potent factor in determining the blood @entity165 level, and reducing intake often decreases the level, thus lessening the risk of @entity731 . Although high salt intake and excessive @entity167 use produce @entity101 in susceptible @entity1 , less is known about the frequency of this adverse effect than is known about @entity28 .

title: Nutrition and XXXX of @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'persons', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'thrombotic strokes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic complications', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular diseases']


abstract: @entity731 and @entity101 are, by far, the most common @entity65 affecting @entity1 , and both are influenced by diet. @entity731 occurs more commonly in @entity1 than @entity1 ; generally @entity1 are 10 to 15 years older than @entity1 when symptoms develop. The prevalence of @entity101 is about equal in the two sexes, particularly in middle aged and older @entity1 . These @entity65 are major causes of @entity204 and disability in this country. @entity731 results in @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity613 . @entity101 , when severe, damages small blood vessels, causing @entity177 , @entity548 , @entity64 , and @entity712 ; when the condition is mild to moderate, it produces @entity731 . Nutritional factors are of primary importance in both @entity731 and @entity101 . Risk factors for @entity731 related to nutrition are @entity1007 , @entity4854 - @entity6 , and for @entity101 , @entity28 , high salt intake, and excessive use of @entity167 . Of all these risk factors, @entity28 seems to be the most important because it is strongly linked to @entity101 and @entity6 . Dietary intake of saturated fat is a potent factor in determining the blood @entity165 level, and reducing intake often decreases the level, thus lessening the risk of @entity731 . Although high salt intake and excessive @entity167 use produce @entity101 in susceptible @entity1 , less is known about the frequency of this adverse effect than is known about @entity28 .

title: Nutrition and @entity65 of XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate multisequence 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of severe @entity131 and in predicting the outcome. METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 with severe @entity131 were prospectively enrolled and multisequence 3.0T MRI was performed 4-8 weeks post injury. Quantitative data were recorded on each sequence. The ability to display the parenchymal lesions was compared with that of 64-slice spiral computed tomography (CT). The clinical and radiological results were correlated with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) scores 6 months after injury. RESULTS: 3.0T MRI could display more lesions than CT, especially when the lesion was deeply located. The lesion volumes and @entity21 ( @entity21 ) scores were different between good and poor outcome groups on FLAIR (P < 0.05). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the splenium of the corpus callosum and brain stem were also different (P < 0.05). @entity1 with unfavorable outcome showed a significantly higher volume of @entity548 on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) than favorable ones and were generally located more deeply. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the location of @entity548 and the ADC values of the splenium of the corpus callosum were independent risk factors for poor outcome, with an overall predictive accuracy of 91.4%. CONCLUSION: The joint use of conventional and advanced sequences of 3.0T MRI can comprehensively detect the pathological changes occurring after severe @entity131 . @entity548 and non-hemorrhagic DAIs in deep structures strongly suggest poor outcome. Advances in knowledge: This article improves the understanding of advanced MRI sequences in detection of sTBI @entity1 and prediction of prognosis.

title: Use of Multisequence 3.0T MRI to Detect Severe XXXX and Predict the Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhagic']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1066 as a result of @entity6 are a serious problem with an enormous impact on the overall global disease burden due to the increasing prevalence of @entity6 . Because of long hospital stays, rehabilitation, often required home care and the use of social services @entity2412 are costly. Therapy with growth factors could be an effective and innovative add-on to standard wound care. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: What is the benefit of therapies with growth factors alone or in combination with other technologies in the treatment of @entity6 foot ulcer assessed regarding medical, economical, social, ethical and juridical aspects? METHODS: We systematically searched relevant databases limited to English and German language and publications since 1990. Cost values were adjusted to the price level of 2008 and converted into @entity7634 . A review and an assessment of the quality of publications were conducted following approved methodical standards conforming to evidence-based medicine and health economics. RESULTS: We identified 25 studies (14 @entity23 ( @entity23 ), nine cost-effectiveness analyses, two meta-analyses). The @entity23 compared an add-on therapy to standard wound care with standard wound care/placebo alone or extracellular wound matrix: in six studies becaplermin, in two rhEGF, in one @entity540 , and in five studies the metabolically active skin grafts Dermagraft and Apligraf. The study duration ranged from twelve to 20 weeks and the study population included between 17 to 382 @entity1 , average 130 @entity1 . The treatment with @entity35745 , rhEGF and skin implants Dermagraft and Apligraf showed in eight out of 13 studies an advantage concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Evidence for a benefit of treatment with @entity540 could not be found. In four out of 14 studies the proportion of adverse events was 30% per study group with no difference between the treatment groups. The methodological quality of the studies was affected by significant deficiencies. The results showed becaplermin being cost-effective whereas no obvious statement can be made regarding Dermagraft and Apligraf because of diverging cost bases and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. DISCUSSION: Differences in standard wound care are complicating the comparison of study results. Taking into consideration the small to very small sample sizes and other methodological flaws with high potential of bias, the validity of the results with regard to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness has to be considered limited. The duration of treatment and follow-up examinations is not long enough to assess the sustainability of the intervention and the surveillance of @entity1066 or treatment related adverse events like the development of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: There are indications of an advantage for the add-on therapy with growth factors in @entity4760 concerning complete wound closure and the time to complete wound healing. Further more studies of high methodological quality with adequate sample sizes and sufficient follow-up periods are necessary also investigating @entity1 -relevant parameters like the health-related quality of life, the acceptance and tolerance of the intervention in addition to clinical outcomes.

title: The importance of growth factors for the treatment of chronic wounds in the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcers', 'ulcer recurrences']

entities_list: @entity35745 :: ('MESH:C072194', 'Chemical') :: ['becaplermin']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2003 nearly 20% of deaths in Germany were caused by @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Risk models are used to estimate the ten-year-risk of a coronary event. Coronary calcification may be seen as an additional risk factor. The amount of @entity460 is correlated with @entity731 , but there is no direct correlation with the probability of a @entity397 . Coronary calcification may be measured either by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) or multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this HTA report is to investigate the diagnostic validity and cost effectiveness of computed tomography techniques in measuring coronary calcification of asymptomatic risk @entity1 . Ethical aspects are discussed. METHODS: A systematic literature research was performed in 35 international databases which yielded 1080 articles. Overall 43 publications were included for assessment, according to predefined selection criteria. RESULTS: Measuring coronary calcification offers additional information compared with traditional risk factors. Yet at present it cannot be said - according to published literature - which population groups gain most. For determining adequate @entity460 score thresholds standardisation for age and sex is important. When comparing the reference standard EBCT with MDCT results are inconsistent and depend on the @entity460 -score value as well as on the scoring method. EBCT as a triage instrument in diagnosing @entity301 appears to be cost-effective. Yet it is rather not cost-effective as a refinement tool for risk stratification. DISCUSSION: Most of the literature was published in the United States and discusses the use of EBCT as well as (traditional) risk stratification by the Framingham Score. Regarding coronary calcification measured by MDCT (which is more widespread in Germany than EBCT) and a risk model applicable for European populations clear recommendations based on published literature cannot be made at present. CONCLUSION: In conclusion measuring coronary calcification is a promising tool for improving risk stratification with established risk models. Nevertheless many questions remain concerning the targeted use in medical practice, particularly regarding European populations. Therefore also no final conclusions can be drawn with respect to cost-effectiveness. The evaluation of diagnostic procedures measuring other parameters than coronary @entity460 with regard to @entity301 risk stratification, compared to EBCT or MDCT, is not part of this report.

title: Computed tomography for the measurement of coronary calcification in asymptomatic risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the effects of trigger point (TRP) mesotherapy and acupuncture (ACP) mesotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1643 . DESIGN: Short term randomized controlled trial. SETTING: 62 subjects with @entity1643 were recruited at outpatients Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic at the University of Rome "La Sapienza" in the period between July 2006 and May 2008. INTERVENTION: Study subjects were assigned to receive 4 weeks treatments with either trigger point mesotherapy (TRP mesotherapy, n=29) or acupoints mesotherapy (ACP mesotherapy, n=33). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 intensity with a @entity158 visual analogic scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS) and @entity158 with McGill @entity158 Questionnaire Short Form (SFMPQ), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionaire (ODQ). RESULTS: ACP mesotherapy shows a more effective results in VRS and VAS measures in the follow-up (p(VRS)=<.001 and p(VAS)=<.001). The SF-MPQ measure shows a better results for ACP instead of TRP with statistically significant differences between groups and time (p=.035). @entity1 reported a slight discomfort at the time of the inoculation, and 15% reported slight @entity4048 in ACP mesotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the response to ACP mesotherapy may be greater than the response to TRP mesotherapy in the short term follow-up. This technique could be nevertheless a viable option as an adjunct treatment in an overall treatment planning of CLBP.

title: Comparison between the effects of trigger point mesotherapy versus acupuncture points mesotherapy in the treatment of XXXX : a short term randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']