abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity5 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity5 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity5 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity134 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity5 which had neither the @entity172 nor @entity1420 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity172 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity1420 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity134 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity134 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity134 receptors and higher probability of the @entity5 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity3 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of XXXX receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity5 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity5 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity5 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity134 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity5 which had neither the @entity172 nor @entity1420 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity172 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity1420 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity134 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity134 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity134 receptors and higher probability of the @entity5 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity3 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of @entity134 receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity5 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity5 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity5 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity134 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity5 which had neither the @entity172 nor @entity1420 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity172 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity1420 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity134 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity134 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity134 receptors and higher probability of the @entity5 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity3 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of @entity134 receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Antipsychotic-induced @entity1017 (AIWG) is a common side effect of treatment with antipsychotics such as @entity1088 and @entity1037 . The orexin gene and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and have been associated with maintenance of energy homeostasis. In this study, we have analysed tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity14610 ( @entity14610 and @entity36260 ) for association with AIWG. METHODS: @entity161 or @entity914 subjects (n   =   218), treated mostly with @entity1088 and @entity1037 for up to 14 weeks, were included. Replication was conducted in a subset of CATIE samples (n   =   122) treated with either @entity1037 or @entity1090 for up to 190 days. Association between SNPs and AIWG was assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline weight and duration of treatment as covariates. RESULTS: Several SNPs in @entity36260 were nominally associated with AIWG in @entity1 of European ancestry treated with either @entity1088 or @entity1037 (P<0.05). In the replication analysis two SNPs @entity71206 (P   =   0.043) and @entity71207 (P   =   0.012) were nominally associated with AIWG. None of the SNPs in @entity14610 were associated with AIWG. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the role of @entity36260 in AIWG. However, these results need to be confirmed in large study samples.

title: Association of orexin receptor polymorphisms with antipsychotic-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity14610 :: ('3061', 'Gene') :: ['HCRTR1', 'orexin receptors 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) is a common binocular vision deficit after a sport-related concussion (SRC). @entity1319 may result in visual discomfort and vision-mediated functional difficulties such as slowed reading and compromised attention, leading to impaired @entity4207 , work, and sport performance. PURPOSE: To test the reliability of repeated @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) measurements in a sample of athletes after an SRC; compare the symptoms and @entity73 with normal @entity1166 to those with @entity1319 after an SRC; and explore the relationship among age, sex, @entity4207 , @entity2704 history, and @entity1319 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 78 athletes (mean age, 14.31    2.77 years) who were seen a mean 5.79    5.63 days after an SRC were administered 3 trials of an @entity1166 assessment, along with neurocognitive (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) and symptom assessments. @entity1 were divided into normal @entity1166 ( @entity1166  <=5 cm; n = 45) and @entity1319 ( @entity1166 >5 cm; n = 33) groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) assessed the consistency of @entity1166 across the 3 trials. The ANOVAs were employed to examine differences on neurocognitive composites and symptoms between the normal @entity1166 and @entity1319 groups. Stepwise regressions (controlling for age and symptom scores on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS]) were conducted to evaluate the predictive utility of the @entity1166 distance for @entity149 . RESULTS: Groups did not differ on @entity130 characteristics. @entity1166 differed between trial 1 and trials 2 (P = .02) and 3 (P = .01) for the @entity1319 group but not the normal @entity1166 group. Internal consistency was high across @entity1166 measurements (ICC range, 0.95-0.98). @entity1 with @entity1319 performed worse on verbal memory (P = .02), visual motor speed (P = .02), and reaction time (P = .001,   (2) = .13) and had greater total symptom scores (P = .02) after the injury. Results of hierarchical regression revealed that the @entity1166 distance contributed significantly to the model for reaction time (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1319 was common (~42%) in athletes evaluated within 1 month after an SRC. Athletes with @entity1319 had worse @entity149 and higher symptom scores than did those with normal @entity1166 . Clinicians should consider routinely screening for @entity1166 as part of a comprehensive concussion evaluation to help inform treatment recommendations, @entity4207 accommodations, and referrals for vision therapy.

title: Near Point of Convergence After a Sport-Related Concussion: Measurement Reliability and Relationship to XXXX and Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'near point of convergence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['demographic or injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment of athletes']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'learning disability']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Convergence insufficiency', 'CI']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Neurocognitive Impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 chymotrypsin-like @entity563 proteases (SPs) are one of the best-studied family of enzymes with roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, @entity1003 , fibrinolysis and humoral immunity. Extracellular SPs can form cascades, in which one protease activates the zymogen of the next protease in the chain, to amplify physiological or pathological signals. These extracellular SPs are generally multi-domain proteins, with pro-domains that are involved in protein-protein interactions critical for the sequential organization of the cascades, the control of their intensity and their proper localization. Far less is known about invertebrate SPs than their @entity1 counterparts. In insect genomes, SPs and their proteolytically inactive homologs (SPHs) constitute large protein families. In addition to the chymotrypsin fold, many of these proteins contain additional structural domains, often with conserved @entity1 orthologues. However, the largest group of arthropod SP regulatory modules is the clip domains family, which has only been identified in arthropods. The clip-domain SPs are extracellular and have roles in the immune response and embryonic development. The powerful reverse-genetics tools in @entity238 have been essential to identify the functions of clip-SPs and their organization in sequential cascades. This review focuses on the current knowledge of @entity238 clip-SPs and presents, when necessary, data obtained in other insect models. We will first cover the biochemical and structural features of clip domain SPs and SPHs. Clip-SPs are implicated in three main biological processes: the control of the dorso-ventral patterning during embryonic development; the activation of the @entity36803 -mediated response to microbial infections and the prophenoloxydase cascade, which triggers melanization. Finally, we review the regulation of SPs and SPHs, from specificity of activation to inhibition by endogenous or pathogen-encoded inhibitors.

title: XXXX clip-domain @entity563 proteases: Structure, function and regulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 chymotrypsin-like @entity563 proteases (SPs) are one of the best-studied family of enzymes with roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, @entity1003 , fibrinolysis and humoral immunity. Extracellular SPs can form cascades, in which one protease activates the zymogen of the next protease in the chain, to amplify physiological or pathological signals. These extracellular SPs are generally multi-domain proteins, with pro-domains that are involved in protein-protein interactions critical for the sequential organization of the cascades, the control of their intensity and their proper localization. Far less is known about invertebrate SPs than their @entity1 counterparts. In insect genomes, SPs and their proteolytically inactive homologs (SPHs) constitute large protein families. In addition to the chymotrypsin fold, many of these proteins contain additional structural domains, often with conserved @entity1 orthologues. However, the largest group of arthropod SP regulatory modules is the clip domains family, which has only been identified in arthropods. The clip-domain SPs are extracellular and have roles in the immune response and embryonic development. The powerful reverse-genetics tools in @entity238 have been essential to identify the functions of clip-SPs and their organization in sequential cascades. This review focuses on the current knowledge of @entity238 clip-SPs and presents, when necessary, data obtained in other insect models. We will first cover the biochemical and structural features of clip domain SPs and SPHs. Clip-SPs are implicated in three main biological processes: the control of the dorso-ventral patterning during embryonic development; the activation of the @entity36803 -mediated response to microbial infections and the prophenoloxydase cascade, which triggers melanization. Finally, we review the regulation of SPs and SPHs, from specificity of activation to inhibition by endogenous or pathogen-encoded inhibitors.

title: @entity238 clip-domain XXXX proteases: Structure, function and regulation.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: A series of 26 conservatively treated @entity1 with low stage @entity150 was examined later by outpatient cystoscopy, conventional cytology and flow cytometry. Based on those findings the @entity1 were separated into 5 groups. In the 4 @entity1 in group 1 all findings persistently were negative. The 4 @entity1 in group 2 had initially normal cystoscopy with progressively more abnormal flow cytometry and intermittently positive cytology; they subsequently suffered @entity5 . The 10 @entity1 in group 3 had positive cystoscopy and flow cytometry, and intermittently positive cytology. The 6 @entity1 in group 4 had negative cystoscopy with intermittently positive cytology and persistently positive flow cytometry. In all 6 cases flow cytometry was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting early and, sometimes, @entity25390 . In the 2 @entity1 in group 5 cystoscopically visible @entity1185 and low grade @entity1377 were found with negative flow cytometry and negative or suspicious cytology. The @entity5 in these 2 @entity1 were believed to be composed principally of benign or atypical epithelium, with too few malignant cells to be detected by present flow cytometry techniques. Our preliminary results suggest that flow cytometry may be a valuable tool for followup of @entity1 who have had conservatively treated low stage @entity150 and are at risk for development of @entity189 . In addition, the techniques may be used to monitor changes in the proportion of benign and malignant cells and, thus, can be of help in following the course of newly forming @entity1185 , @entity1377 or @entity189 in situ in @entity1185 or flat epithelium.

title: Flow cytometry for followup examinations of conservatively treated low stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity25390 :: ('MESH:D009382', 'Disease') :: ['cystoscopically occult neoplasms']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: To elucidate the clinical significance of cervical cytology during pregnancy, 7,725 pregnant @entity1 were examined. Abnormal cytologic findings were recorded in 65 cases (0.8%). Colposcopically directed punch biopsies revealed @entity3799 and @entity189 in 27 cases (0.35%). The incidences in a massive examination for 714,119 @entity1 in Osaka Prefecture were 1.1% and 0.25%, respectively. Cytologic findings of the @entity1 with cervical @entity5 during pregnancy agreed well (76%) with their histologic findings. Colposcopically, the squamo-columnar junction was visible in many cases, and white epithelium was most commonly observed during pregnancy. Pre- and postpartum follow-up study revealed that progression from @entity1141 was seen only in two (20%) of 20 cases. Laser conization was performed on six @entity1 during pregnancy, and four were @entity189 , all of which underwent normal vaginal delivery without any complication from conization. These results suggest that routine cervical cytology must be performed during pregnancy, and cytologic and colposcopic diagnosis may supply enough data to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Moreover, laser conization is recommended as an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for @entity1 with @entity189 during pregnancy.

title: Cervical cytology and conservative management of cervical XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['microinvasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Automatic classification of tissue types of region of interest (ROI) plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis. In the current study, we focus on the classification of three types of @entity1313 (i.e., @entity1653 , @entity11 , and @entity977 ) in T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) images. @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ), which splits the image into increasingly fine rectangular subregions and computes histograms of local features from each subregion, exhibits excellent results for natural scene classification. However, this approach is not applicable for @entity1313 , because of the great variations in @entity5 shape and size. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the classification performance. First, the augmented @entity5 region via image dilation is used as the ROI instead of the original @entity5 region because @entity5 surrounding tissues can also offer important clues for @entity5 types. Second, the augmented @entity5 region is split into increasingly fine ring-form subregions. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method on a large dataset with three feature extraction methods, namely, intensity histogram, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and bag-of-words (BoW) model. Compared with using @entity5 region as ROI, using augmented @entity5 region as ROI improves the accuracies to 82.31% from 71.39%, 84.75% from 78.18%, and 88.19% from 83.54% for intensity histogram, GLCM, and BoW model, respectively. In addition to region augmentation, ring-form partition can further improve the accuracies up to 87.54%, 89.72%, and 91.28%. These experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the classification of @entity1313 in T1-weighted CE-MRI.

title: Enhanced Performance of XXXX Classification via Tumor Region Augmentation and Partition.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['SPM', 'Spatial pyramid matching']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Probiotics are increasingly used for prevention and treatment of @entity294 more in @entity1 than in adults. Given the broad spectrum of @entity294 , this review focuses on the main etiologies: @entity697 , antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD), and @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). For each, we reviewed randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines. For @entity697 we found 12 guidelines: 5 recommended probiotics and 7 did not. However, the guidelines containing positive recommendations provided proof of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses. @entity1905 (LGG) and @entity375 boulardii had the most compelling evidence of efficacy as they reduced the duration of the disease by 1 day. For AAD 4 meta-analyses were found, reporting variable efficacy of probiotics in preventing @entity294 , based on the setting, @entity1 's age, and antibiotics. The most effective strains were LGG and S. boulardii. For @entity3166 , we found 3 randomized controlled trials, 5 meta-analyses, and 4 position papers. Probiotics reduced the risk of @entity3166 and mortality in preterm babies. Guidelines did not support a routine use of probiotics and asked for further data for such sensitive implications. In conclusion, there is strong and solid proof of efficacy of probiotics as active treatment of @entity1902 in addition to rehydration. There is solid evidence that probiotics have some efficacy in prevention of AAD, but the number needed to treat is an issue. For both etiologies LGG and S. boulardii have the strongest evidence. In @entity3166 the indications are more debated, yet on the basis of available data and their implications, probiotics should be carefully considered.

title: Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'NEC enterocolitis', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes in medical therapy and surgery might have influenced the natural history of @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Our aim was to explore the short-term outcome of @entity30 and to specifically assess trends in disease phenotype, medications and surgery in the first five years from diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cohort comprising 472 @entity30 @entity1 diagnosed within the primary catchment area of   rebro University Hospital 1963-2005 were identified retrospectively and described. Data on medication, surgery, progression in disease location and behavior, were extracted from the medical records. @entity1 were divided into three cohorts based on year of diagnosis. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with complicated disease behavior five years after diagnosis decreased from 54.4% (95%CI, 43.9-65.6) to 33.3% (27.4-40.0) in @entity1 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   =   0.002), whereas the proportion of @entity1 progressing to complicated disease behavior was stable among those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at diagnosis (p   =   0.435). The proportion of @entity1 undergoing surgery decreased from 65.8% (55.4-76.0) to 34.6% (28.6-41.5) in @entity1 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   <   0.001). The reduction in surgery preceded an increased use of immunomodulators and was explained by a decrease in surgery within three months from diagnosis (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a striking decrease in complicated disease behavior and surgery five years after @entity30 diagnosis, the latter largely due to a decrease in early surgery. Our findings suggest that the introduction of new treatments alone does not explain the reduction in surgery rates, the increasing proportion of @entity1 with @entity32 at diagnosis also play an important role.

title: The changing face of XXXX : a population-based study of the natural history of @entity30 in   rebro, Sweden 1963-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes in medical therapy and surgery might have influenced the natural history of @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Our aim was to explore the short-term outcome of @entity30 and to specifically assess trends in disease phenotype, medications and surgery in the first five years from diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cohort comprising 472 @entity30 @entity1 diagnosed within the primary catchment area of   rebro University Hospital 1963-2005 were identified retrospectively and described. Data on medication, surgery, progression in disease location and behavior, were extracted from the medical records. @entity1 were divided into three cohorts based on year of diagnosis. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with complicated disease behavior five years after diagnosis decreased from 54.4% (95%CI, 43.9-65.6) to 33.3% (27.4-40.0) in @entity1 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   =   0.002), whereas the proportion of @entity1 progressing to complicated disease behavior was stable among those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at diagnosis (p   =   0.435). The proportion of @entity1 undergoing surgery decreased from 65.8% (55.4-76.0) to 34.6% (28.6-41.5) in @entity1 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   <   0.001). The reduction in surgery preceded an increased use of immunomodulators and was explained by a decrease in surgery within three months from diagnosis (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a striking decrease in complicated disease behavior and surgery five years after @entity30 diagnosis, the latter largely due to a decrease in early surgery. Our findings suggest that the introduction of new treatments alone does not explain the reduction in surgery rates, the increasing proportion of @entity1 with @entity32 at diagnosis also play an important role.

title: The changing face of @entity30 : a population-based study of the natural history of XXXX in   rebro, Sweden 1963-2005.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study early hip involvement in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the detection of hip joint @entity603 in @entity309 . METHODS: Study I: The number of @entity572 was recorded in a cohort of 113 @entity1 with @entity309 of at least five years disease duration followed from an early stage. Study II: Ultrasonography was evaluated as a method to identify hip joint @entity603 in 76 @entity1 with @entity309 of @entity66 duration, by relating it to radiograms and clinical findings. RESULTS: Study I: Twenty one @entity572 were performed in 15 of the 113 @entity1 . The median disease duration at the time of first arthroplasty was 48 (range 10-76) months; the annual incidence was approximately constant between two and six years. High disease activity at the start of the study was predictive of requirement for hip prosthesis. Study II: Hip ultrasonography was pathological in 13 of the 76 @entity1 studied, bilaterally in nine. @entity572 could not be confirmed on clinical grounds only as seven of the @entity1 with positive ultrasonographic findings were asymptomatic, and the remaining six @entity1 had only mild symptoms of hip involvement. Also, six of the 63 @entity1 with normal ultrasonography had mild symptoms. There was no difference regarding demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings in @entity1 with and without @entity572 . CONCLUSIONS: Early hip joint destruction giving symptoms mostly at a very late stage is frequent in @entity309 . Ultrasonography rather than signs or symptoms could identify @entity1 with hip joint involvement and provide a rationale for early treatment.

title: Hip involvement in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Hip joint synovitis', 'hip synovitis', 'hip joint replacements']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity1 characteristics and radiographic features at the knee for outcome of @entity626 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 350 osteoarthritic knees. Clinical and radiographic data were obtained on 188 hospital referred @entity1 (mean age 70, range 34-91 years). RESULTS: Median duration of follow up was two years (range 1-5 years). The majority of @entity1 (48%) reported deterioration, but 23% experienced improvement in symptoms during the study period. Reported exercise tolerance remained unchanged in the majority (62%) and deteriorated in 35%. Change in at least one individual radiographic feature of @entity571 was seen in 252 (72%) knees: increase in joint space narrowing occurred in 52%, osteophyte in 32%, cysts in 19%, @entity1463 in 14%, and @entity6661 in 30%. Increase in Kellgren grade occurred in 137 (39%) knees. @entity1143 , @entity571 at multiple joint sites, and nodal change associated with change in Kellgren grade (odds ratios 1.03, 2.39, and 1.80; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01 to 1.05, 1.16 to 4.93, and 1.02 to 3.17, respectively); warmth at the knee associated with change in any radiographic feature (odds ratio 2.22; 95% CI 1.19 to 4.14). Development of, or increase in, @entity6661 and joint space narrowing associated with worsening symptoms and function and occurred with increased frequency in knees with effusions, clinical warmth and @entity24178 crystals in synovial fluid (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of change, radiographic more than clinical, was seen in osteoarthritic knees during this study. Poor clinical and radiographic outcome associated with @entity24178 crystal deposition and clinical @entity32 as reflected by knee effusion and warmth.

title: Factors affecting radiographic progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Knee effusion']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity24178 :: ('MESH:D002131', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tissue regeneration and root continuation are the ultimate goals in regenerative endodontics. @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have been hypothesized to play roles in those processes. Therefore, preservation of cell vitality and promoting initial cell attachment seem to be crucial steps. The purposes of this study were to investigate the attachment ability and morphology of viable @entity1 @entity1358 by using fibronectin immunofluoresence, alamarBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy, when @entity1358 were grown on @entity1 root dentin surfaces treated with 3Mix or @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ) at different concentrations. METHODS: @entity1 root dentin slices were divided into 6 groups: (1) control, (2) 3Mix 0.39   g/mL, (3) 3Mix 100   g/mL, (4) 3Mix paste, (5) @entity15383 1  mg/mL, and (6) @entity15383 1000  mg/mL. All samples were separately treated for 7 days and final rinsed with 17% @entity1098 . Then primary @entity1 @entity1358 were seeded. Fibronectin immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the attachment ability of @entity1358 on treated dentin. A vitality assay by using alamarBlue was monitored at specific time intervals. The morphology of the cells on the dentin was observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The lowest number of fibronectin-positive cells was observed on root dentin treated with 3Mix paste (P  <  .05). The 3Mix at 0.39 and 100   g/mL did not affect the amount of @entity1412 attachment, whereas the viability of @entity1358 on the dentin surface was significantly lower in the 100- g/mL 3Mix-treated group than in the negative control group (P  <  .05). Both concentrations of @entity15383 induced @entity1412 attachment (P  <  .05). Moreover, only cells grown on the surfaces treated with @entity15383 exhibited cytoplasmic processes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 root dentin treated with 3Mix paste had significantly lower @entity1412 attachment. The 3Mix at 0.39   g/mL and 100   g/mL had no significant negative effect on @entity1412 attachment on dentin. Higher numbers of cells attaching on dentin were observed in @entity6086 -treated groups.

title: Attachment Ability of @entity1 Apical Papilla Cells to Root Dentin Surfaces Treated with Either 3Mix or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Apical papilla cells', 'APCs']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['Calcium Hydroxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tissue regeneration and root continuation are the ultimate goals in regenerative endodontics. @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have been hypothesized to play roles in those processes. Therefore, preservation of cell vitality and promoting initial cell attachment seem to be crucial steps. The purposes of this study were to investigate the attachment ability and morphology of viable @entity1 @entity1358 by using fibronectin immunofluoresence, alamarBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy, when @entity1358 were grown on @entity1 root dentin surfaces treated with 3Mix or @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ) at different concentrations. METHODS: @entity1 root dentin slices were divided into 6 groups: (1) control, (2) 3Mix 0.39   g/mL, (3) 3Mix 100   g/mL, (4) 3Mix paste, (5) @entity15383 1  mg/mL, and (6) @entity15383 1000  mg/mL. All samples were separately treated for 7 days and final rinsed with 17% @entity1098 . Then primary @entity1 @entity1358 were seeded. Fibronectin immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the attachment ability of @entity1358 on treated dentin. A vitality assay by using alamarBlue was monitored at specific time intervals. The morphology of the cells on the dentin was observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The lowest number of fibronectin-positive cells was observed on root dentin treated with 3Mix paste (P  <  .05). The 3Mix at 0.39 and 100   g/mL did not affect the amount of @entity1412 attachment, whereas the viability of @entity1358 on the dentin surface was significantly lower in the 100- g/mL 3Mix-treated group than in the negative control group (P  <  .05). Both concentrations of @entity15383 induced @entity1412 attachment (P  <  .05). Moreover, only cells grown on the surfaces treated with @entity15383 exhibited cytoplasmic processes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 root dentin treated with 3Mix paste had significantly lower @entity1412 attachment. The 3Mix at 0.39   g/mL and 100   g/mL had no significant negative effect on @entity1412 attachment on dentin. Higher numbers of cells attaching on dentin were observed in @entity6086 -treated groups.

title: Attachment Ability of XXXX Apical Papilla Cells to Root Dentin Surfaces Treated with Either 3Mix or @entity6086 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) vs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of undescended nonpalpable @entity1062 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A clinical, radiological, and surgical study was undertaken in @entity1 with undescended nonpalpable testes at Pavia and Milan (Italy) University Hospitals. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with undescended nonpalpable testes aged 10 months to 14.5 years who were examined between 1989 and 1993. A total of 22 nonpalpable testes were examined using US and MRI techniques. Twenty-one testes were explored surgically. RESULTS: The US located 13 (62%) of 21 testes, 12 of which were found at surgery while one (5%) proved to be false positive. Eight (38%) of 21 evaluations were negative; four (19%) were true-negative results. Of the 12 gonads correctly localized with US, two (17%) were located near the internal inguinal ring while 10 (83%) were within the inguinal canal. The MRI examination located 11 (52%) of 21 gonads, all found at surgery. Of the 10 negative results (48%), five (24%) were false negatives and five agenetic testes (24%) were not found surgically. Of the 11 testes correctly localized using MRI, four were located in the abdomen or just proximal to the internal inguinal ring and seven were in the inguinal canal. Five of the six high testes were correctly localized using US and MRI (two using US and four using MRI). CONCLUSIONS: Neither US nor MRI is currently sensitive enough to stand alone as a screening modality for a nonpalpable @entity1062 since the two techniques used separately gave a useful result in 16 (76%) of 21 testes. They appear to be complementary since their combined specificity compared with surgical findings was 95%. Since the localization of an undescended @entity1062 is important for planning surgical strategy, US should be used for screening evaluation, and if it is not successful, it should be followed (before any invasive diagnostic procedure) by MRI, which appears to be more reliable in the localization of undescended, high, and "functioning" testes.

title: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography compared with surgical findings in the localization of the undescended XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'boys', 'patients']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: A prospective double blind crossover study was carried out in 65 @entity1 comparing @entity1667 ( @entity1667 ) and @entity229 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation to determine their relative merits vis-a-vis graft survival, @entity101 , @entity1017 , @entity295 and @entity1 preference in the posttransplant period. @entity1 receiving renal allografts were randomly assigned to receive initial treatment with one of the drugs. Once maintenance doses were employed, the drug was switched for a 3-month period. There was no difference in overall graft survival at 1 year, 68% versus 56% (p greater than 0.4), for the two @entity1 groups. Likewise, there was no difference in blood pressure during the maintenance therapy crossover period, mean BP 129/86 during @entity1667 therapy and 129/86 during @entity229 therapy. Overall @entity1017 was not statistically different with the two drugs, 3.8 kg with @entity229 and 2.3 kg with @entity1667 , p greater than 0.1. However, when @entity1667 was used in the late posttransplant period, the @entity1 had a significantly smaller @entity1017 , 0.95 kg versus 3.5 kg with @entity229 , p greater than 0.05. The incidence of @entity2348 was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) during the early posttransplant period in those @entity1 treated with @entity1667 . Finally, the majority of @entity1 (65%) had no preference for either drug. Of those with a preference, the majority (69%) preferred @entity1667 . We conclude that therapy with @entity1667 does not offer superior graft survival, less @entity101 or overriding @entity1 preference but does apparently lead to an increased incidence of @entity2348 in the early posttransplant period. Thus it appears that @entity229 is the initial drug of choice as an immunosuppressive steroid in clinical renal transplantation.

title: A prospective study of @entity1667 and XXXX as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Medrol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: A prospective double blind crossover study was carried out in 65 @entity1 comparing @entity1667 ( @entity1667 ) and @entity229 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation to determine their relative merits vis-a-vis graft survival, @entity101 , @entity1017 , @entity295 and @entity1 preference in the posttransplant period. @entity1 receiving renal allografts were randomly assigned to receive initial treatment with one of the drugs. Once maintenance doses were employed, the drug was switched for a 3-month period. There was no difference in overall graft survival at 1 year, 68% versus 56% (p greater than 0.4), for the two @entity1 groups. Likewise, there was no difference in blood pressure during the maintenance therapy crossover period, mean BP 129/86 during @entity1667 therapy and 129/86 during @entity229 therapy. Overall @entity1017 was not statistically different with the two drugs, 3.8 kg with @entity229 and 2.3 kg with @entity1667 , p greater than 0.1. However, when @entity1667 was used in the late posttransplant period, the @entity1 had a significantly smaller @entity1017 , 0.95 kg versus 3.5 kg with @entity229 , p greater than 0.05. The incidence of @entity2348 was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) during the early posttransplant period in those @entity1 treated with @entity1667 . Finally, the majority of @entity1 (65%) had no preference for either drug. Of those with a preference, the majority (69%) preferred @entity1667 . We conclude that therapy with @entity1667 does not offer superior graft survival, less @entity101 or overriding @entity1 preference but does apparently lead to an increased incidence of @entity2348 in the early posttransplant period. Thus it appears that @entity229 is the initial drug of choice as an immunosuppressive steroid in clinical renal transplantation.

title: A prospective study of XXXX and @entity229 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation.

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity71208 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity5 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity35 model. Preincubation of @entity5 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity5 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity11265 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity5 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity11265 on most @entity5 cells we concluded that a @entity11265 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity35 model @entity11265 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity5 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity35 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: @entity35 @entity71208 ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of XXXX on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

entities_list: @entity71208 :: ('114506(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2-activated natural killer (A-NK']

answer: @entity11265 :: (309684(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CD18']


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity71208 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity5 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity35 model. Preincubation of @entity5 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity5 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity11265 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity5 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity11265 on most @entity5 cells we concluded that a @entity11265 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity35 model @entity11265 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity5 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity35 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: @entity35 XXXX ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of @entity11265 on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

answer: @entity71208 :: (114506(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['interleukin-2-activated natural killer (A-NK']


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity71208 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity5 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity35 model. Preincubation of @entity5 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity5 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity11265 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity5 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity11265 on most @entity5 cells we concluded that a @entity11265 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity35 model @entity11265 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity5 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity35 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: XXXX @entity71208 ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of @entity11265 on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The interaction between @entity112 H2 antagonists and the neuromuscular blocking drug @entity3369 was investigated in the @entity35 phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. @entity4444 alone, in the concentration range 800-4000 microM produced between 14 and 74% @entity4094 with an EC50 (mean +/- s.e.) of 2900 +/- 100 microM. @entity5616 augmented the indirectly-evoked muscle response at concentrations between 30 and 160 microM but at higher concentrations, between 300 and 1800 microM, produced @entity4094 . @entity6359 produced negligible and statistically insignificant (0-5%) @entity4094 at concentrations between 0.3 and 300 microM. @entity4444 (800 microM) shifted the neuromuscular concentration-effect curve of @entity3369 to the left in a parallel manner, while @entity5616 (160 microM) shifted it to the right. The potentiation ratio was 1.90 +/- 0.14 for @entity4444 and 0.62 +/- 0.05 for @entity5616 . @entity6359 (30 microM) did not alter the response to @entity3369 . These data indicate that higher than clinically relevant concentrations of @entity4444 and @entity5616 produce @entity4094 and may potentiate the action of @entity3369 . Low concentrations of @entity5616 may antagonize the action of @entity3369 . @entity6359 , in contrast, lacks significant neuromuscular effects.

title: In-vitro interaction between H2 antagonists and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine', 'Cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular paralysis']

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['Famotidine']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

answer: @entity3369 :: (MESH:D014673,Chemical) :: ['vecuronium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development of @entity4310 genetic testing panels has altered genetic counseling practice. Mutations within certain genes on @entity5 panels pose not only a @entity5 risk, but also a reproductive risk for @entity74 such as @entity11807 , constitutional mismatch @entity14183 , @entity1129 . This study aimed to determine if genetic counselors discuss reproductive risks for @entity74 associated with genes included on @entity5 panels, and if so, under what circumstances these risks are discussed. An on-line survey was emailed through the NSGC list-serv. The survey assessed 189 @entity5 genetic counselors' experiences discussing reproductive risks with @entity1 at risk to carry a mutation or @entity10479 ( @entity10479 ) in a gene associated with both an @entity5 risk and an @entity74 . Over half (n  =  82, 55  %) reported having discussed reproductive risks; the remainder (n  =  66, 45  %) had not. Genetic counselors who reported discussing reproductive risks primarily did so when @entity1 had a positive result and were of reproductive age. Reasons for not discussing these risks included when a @entity1 had completed childbearing or when a @entity10479 was identified. Most counselors discussed reproductive risk after obtaining results and not during the informed consent process. There is inconsistency as to if and when the discussion of reproductive risks is taking place. The wide variation in responses suggests a need to develop professional guidelines for when and how discussions of reproductive risk for @entity74 identified through @entity5 panels should occur with @entity1 .

title: Genetic Counselors' Experiences Regarding Communication of Reproductive Risks with XXXX found on Cancer Panels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10479 :: ('MESH:D065309', 'Disease') :: ['VUS', 'variant of uncertain significance']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14183 :: ('MESH:D049914', 'Disease') :: ['repair deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive syndrome', 'autosomal recessive conditions']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['and ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Autosomal Recessive Conditions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the outcomes of office-based autologous fat injection laryngoplasty for the treatment of vocal process @entity738 in conjunction with glottic insufficiency. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: This study included nine @entity1 with vocal process @entity738 in conjunction with glottic insufficiency who received autologous fat injection laryngoplasty. Videolaryngostroboscopic data, objective voice assessment, perceptual measurements of vocal quality, and subjective ratings of @entity1740 were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: Of the nine @entity1 , seven (78%) exhibited complete remission. The other two @entity1 (22%) exhibited a partial response following the injection. In a subgroup of five @entity1 who were refractory to antireflux and voice therapies, the resolution rate was 60%. Phonatory function presented significant improvements in jitter, noise-to-harmonic ratio, maximal phonation time, and @entity1395 . Videolaryngostroboscopic rating revealed significant improvements in closure phase ratio in the vibratory cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat injection laryngoplasty can ameliorate glottic insufficiency and the resulting hyperfunctional behavior of the larynx. This therapy also encourages remission of vocal process @entity738 and may represent an alternative treatment strategy.

title: Office-based Autologous Fat Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Process XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice quality']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['Granuloma']


abstract: In @entity526 , expression of the pyrC gene is regulated primarily by a translational control mechanism based on @entity377 -sensitive selection of transcriptional start sites at the pyrC promoter. When intracellular levels of @entity93 are high, pyrC transcripts are initiated predominantly with @entity93 at a site 7 bases downstream of the Pribnow box. These transcripts form a stable hairpin at their 5' ends that blocks ribosome binding. When the @entity93 level is low and the @entity3007 level is high, conditions found in @entity7391 -limited cells, transcripts are initiated primarily with @entity3007 at a site 9 bases downstream of the Pribnow box. These shorter transcripts are unable to form a hairpin at their 5' ends and are readily translated. In this study, we examined the effects of @entity377 sequence and position on the selection of transcriptional start sites at the pyrC promoter. We characterized promoter mutations that systematically alter the sequence at position 7 or 9 downstream of the Pribnow box or vary the spacing between the Pribnow box and wild-type transcriptional initiation region. The results reveal preferences for particular initiating @entity2036 ( @entity855 > or = @entity3007 > @entity856 > @entity93 ) and for starting positions downstream of the Pribnow box (7 > 6 and 8 > 9 > 10). The results indicate that optimal @entity377 -sensitive start site switching at the wild-type pyrC promoter is the result of competition between the preferred start site (position 7) that uses the poorest initiating @entity377 ( @entity93 ) and a weak start site (position 9) that uses a good initiating @entity377 ( @entity3007 ). The sequence of the pyrC promoter also minimizes the synthesis of untranslatable transcripts and provides for maximum stability of the regulatory transcript hairpin. In addition, the results show that the effects of the mutations on pyrC expression and regulation are consistent with the current model for translational control. Possible effects of preferences for initiating @entity2036 and start sites on the expression and regulation of other genes are discussed.

title: Effects of transcriptional start site sequence and position on @entity377 -sensitive selection of alternative start sites at the pyrC promoter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: In @entity526 , expression of the pyrC gene is regulated primarily by a translational control mechanism based on @entity377 -sensitive selection of transcriptional start sites at the pyrC promoter. When intracellular levels of @entity93 are high, pyrC transcripts are initiated predominantly with @entity93 at a site 7 bases downstream of the Pribnow box. These transcripts form a stable hairpin at their 5' ends that blocks ribosome binding. When the @entity93 level is low and the @entity3007 level is high, conditions found in @entity7391 -limited cells, transcripts are initiated primarily with @entity3007 at a site 9 bases downstream of the Pribnow box. These shorter transcripts are unable to form a hairpin at their 5' ends and are readily translated. In this study, we examined the effects of @entity377 sequence and position on the selection of transcriptional start sites at the pyrC promoter. We characterized promoter mutations that systematically alter the sequence at position 7 or 9 downstream of the Pribnow box or vary the spacing between the Pribnow box and wild-type transcriptional initiation region. The results reveal preferences for particular initiating @entity2036 ( @entity855 > or = @entity3007 > @entity856 > @entity93 ) and for starting positions downstream of the Pribnow box (7 > 6 and 8 > 9 > 10). The results indicate that optimal @entity377 -sensitive start site switching at the wild-type pyrC promoter is the result of competition between the preferred start site (position 7) that uses the poorest initiating @entity377 ( @entity93 ) and a weak start site (position 9) that uses a good initiating @entity377 ( @entity3007 ). The sequence of the pyrC promoter also minimizes the synthesis of untranslatable transcripts and provides for maximum stability of the regulatory transcript hairpin. In addition, the results show that the effects of the mutations on pyrC expression and regulation are consistent with the current model for translational control. Possible effects of preferences for initiating @entity2036 and start sites on the expression and regulation of other genes are discussed.

title: Effects of transcriptional start site sequence and position on XXXX -sensitive selection of alternative start sites at the pyrC promoter in @entity526 .

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although leukocyte adhesion and capillary plugging are postulated to play a role in postischemic tissue injury, there is only limited evidence demonstrating the relationship between tissue leukocyte accumulation and cell injury in terms of their temporal sequence and spatial distribution. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This study was designed to study in vivo neutrophil behavior and its correlation with cell @entity121 . The microcirculation of the @entity35 spinotrapezius muscle was observed in vivo using dual-color digital microfluorography to simultaneously visualize leukocyte traffic and cell death (irreversible nuclear damage) on the basis of @entity22139 and @entity2667 , respectively. A 1-hour period of hemorrhagic @entity551 (40 mm Hg) followed by reperfusion was carried out to induce @entity121 . RESULTS: @entity551 was followed by an increase in leukocyte recruitment in two different ways: capillary obstruction and @entity71209 . Upon reperfusion, a majority of the leukocytes were initially dispersed from the muscle capillaries and venules, but then the number of leukocytes plugging capillaries and adherent to venules increased again in a time-dependent manner. The number of leukocytes obstructing capillaries was closely correlated with the @entity551 . The cell injury became detectable initially at the end of the @entity551 period and then increased explosively after reperfusion before a significant leukocyte accumulation. Reperfusion-induced @entity130 was seen predominantly in reperfused capillaries without plugging leukocytes. A majority of the initially damaged nuclei were those of myocytes in the pericapillary space, but no nuclei of capillary endothelium was involved. @entity71210 , a novel inhibitor of @entity3624 oxidase, significantly attenuated the early increase in @entity121 and subsequent venular leukocyte adhesion after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the involvement of an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving @entity3624 oxidase in postischemic irreversible @entity130 . It is conceivable that leukocytes adherent to venules as well as those plugging capillaries play only minor roles in the initial mechanism of reperfusion injury.

title: Spatial and temporal correlation between leukocyte behavior and cell injury in postischemic XXXX skeletal muscle microcirculation.

entities_list: @entity71210 :: ('MESH:C072977', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium (-)-8-(3-methoxy-4-phenylsulfinylphenyl) pyrazolo [1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine-4-olate monohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity71209 :: ('MESH:C566004', 'Disease') :: ['venular adhesion']

entities_list: @entity22139 :: ('MESH:C087165', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'postischemic systemic blood pressure', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['injury in postischemic skeletal muscle microcirculation', 'muscle injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['early nuclear injury', 'myocyte injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A gel formulation of the antiallergic compound @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) (Rhinaaxia (R)) has been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group comparison with placebo gel (P) and @entity9992 (DSCG) in outpatients suffering from @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). Nose and eye symptoms were assessed daily by the @entity1 on visual analog scales (VAS), and medical examinations were held after 1 week and at the end of the 4-week treatment. The use of rescue medications (H1-antagonist ( @entity9691 ) and soothing eye-drops (Spersallerg) was recorded as a main assessment indicator of efficacy. For the efficacy analysis, only the periods with relevant pollen concentrations (> or = 50 grains/m3) were considered. The study extended over the two pollen seasons 1989 and 1990. Of 230 included @entity1 , 190 were suitable for efficacy analysis (R = 63, P = 64, DSCG = 63). The VAS data did not reveal a difference between the treatment groups for nasal symptoms, whereas the use of @entity9691 tablets was significantly lower in the Rhinaaxia group than in either the placebo (P = 0.0001) or DSCG group (P = 0.03). The eye symptoms were significantly less severe in the Rhinaaxia group than in both placebo (P = 0.0001) and DSCG (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the use of rescue medication was significantly higher in the placebo than in the Rhinaaxia treatment group (P = 0.0001). The incidence of local untoward effects ( @entity809 in the nose) was slightly higher in the Rhinaaxia group, while the overall tolerability assessment was similarly good in all three treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nasal application of a gel formulation of XXXX ( @entity32140 ) compared with placebo and @entity9992 in the symptomatic treatment of @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis', 'pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['itching/burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity32140 :: ('MESH:C027172', 'Chemical') :: ['NAAGA', 'N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['disodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity32140 :: (MESH:C027172,Chemical) :: ['N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid']


abstract: A gel formulation of the antiallergic compound @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) (Rhinaaxia (R)) has been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group comparison with placebo gel (P) and @entity9992 (DSCG) in outpatients suffering from @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). Nose and eye symptoms were assessed daily by the @entity1 on visual analog scales (VAS), and medical examinations were held after 1 week and at the end of the 4-week treatment. The use of rescue medications (H1-antagonist ( @entity9691 ) and soothing eye-drops (Spersallerg) was recorded as a main assessment indicator of efficacy. For the efficacy analysis, only the periods with relevant pollen concentrations (> or = 50 grains/m3) were considered. The study extended over the two pollen seasons 1989 and 1990. Of 230 included @entity1 , 190 were suitable for efficacy analysis (R = 63, P = 64, DSCG = 63). The VAS data did not reveal a difference between the treatment groups for nasal symptoms, whereas the use of @entity9691 tablets was significantly lower in the Rhinaaxia group than in either the placebo (P = 0.0001) or DSCG group (P = 0.03). The eye symptoms were significantly less severe in the Rhinaaxia group than in both placebo (P = 0.0001) and DSCG (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the use of rescue medication was significantly higher in the placebo than in the Rhinaaxia treatment group (P = 0.0001). The incidence of local untoward effects ( @entity809 in the nose) was slightly higher in the Rhinaaxia group, while the overall tolerability assessment was similarly good in all three treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nasal application of a gel formulation of @entity32140 ( XXXX ) compared with placebo and @entity9992 in the symptomatic treatment of @entity2023 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity32140 :: (MESH:C027172,Chemical) :: ['NAAGA']


abstract: A gel formulation of the antiallergic compound @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) (Rhinaaxia (R)) has been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group comparison with placebo gel (P) and @entity9992 (DSCG) in outpatients suffering from @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). Nose and eye symptoms were assessed daily by the @entity1 on visual analog scales (VAS), and medical examinations were held after 1 week and at the end of the 4-week treatment. The use of rescue medications (H1-antagonist ( @entity9691 ) and soothing eye-drops (Spersallerg) was recorded as a main assessment indicator of efficacy. For the efficacy analysis, only the periods with relevant pollen concentrations (> or = 50 grains/m3) were considered. The study extended over the two pollen seasons 1989 and 1990. Of 230 included @entity1 , 190 were suitable for efficacy analysis (R = 63, P = 64, DSCG = 63). The VAS data did not reveal a difference between the treatment groups for nasal symptoms, whereas the use of @entity9691 tablets was significantly lower in the Rhinaaxia group than in either the placebo (P = 0.0001) or DSCG group (P = 0.03). The eye symptoms were significantly less severe in the Rhinaaxia group than in both placebo (P = 0.0001) and DSCG (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the use of rescue medication was significantly higher in the placebo than in the Rhinaaxia treatment group (P = 0.0001). The incidence of local untoward effects ( @entity809 in the nose) was slightly higher in the Rhinaaxia group, while the overall tolerability assessment was similarly good in all three treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nasal application of a gel formulation of @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) compared with placebo and @entity9992 in the symptomatic treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollinosis']


abstract: A gel formulation of the antiallergic compound @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) (Rhinaaxia (R)) has been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group comparison with placebo gel (P) and @entity9992 (DSCG) in outpatients suffering from @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). Nose and eye symptoms were assessed daily by the @entity1 on visual analog scales (VAS), and medical examinations were held after 1 week and at the end of the 4-week treatment. The use of rescue medications (H1-antagonist ( @entity9691 ) and soothing eye-drops (Spersallerg) was recorded as a main assessment indicator of efficacy. For the efficacy analysis, only the periods with relevant pollen concentrations (> or = 50 grains/m3) were considered. The study extended over the two pollen seasons 1989 and 1990. Of 230 included @entity1 , 190 were suitable for efficacy analysis (R = 63, P = 64, DSCG = 63). The VAS data did not reveal a difference between the treatment groups for nasal symptoms, whereas the use of @entity9691 tablets was significantly lower in the Rhinaaxia group than in either the placebo (P = 0.0001) or DSCG group (P = 0.03). The eye symptoms were significantly less severe in the Rhinaaxia group than in both placebo (P = 0.0001) and DSCG (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the use of rescue medication was significantly higher in the placebo than in the Rhinaaxia treatment group (P = 0.0001). The incidence of local untoward effects ( @entity809 in the nose) was slightly higher in the Rhinaaxia group, while the overall tolerability assessment was similarly good in all three treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nasal application of a gel formulation of @entity32140 ( @entity32140 ) compared with placebo and XXXX in the symptomatic treatment of @entity2023 .

answer: @entity9992 :: (MESH:D004205,Chemical) :: ['disodium cromoglycate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The application of opiates after day case surgery in childhood is discussed controversially because of possible complications. Therefore many anaesthetists try to avoid these substances and prefer peripheral analgesics for @entity282 control. METHODS: By distributing a questionnaire concerning the arguments connected with @entity282 to 267 parents (a total of 78.3% of the questionnaires was returned) of @entity1 that had undergone inguinal herniorrhaphy or orchidopexy we hoped to gain insight into the judgement of peripheral analgesics-in this case @entity1443 -following inguinal herniorrhaphy or orchidopexy. During standardized anaesthesia the @entity1 received @entity1443 suppositories (15-20 mg/kg BW). After release from the hospital on the same day this drug was administered by the parents in case of necessity. RESULTS: Need for analgesics was significantly higher in the group of orchidopexy than in the group of herniorrhaphy (p < .01) and even memory of @entity158 three days after the operation seemed to be higher in this group. The sleep patterns were more influenced by orchidopexy. Surprisingly 75% of the @entity1 following herniorrhaphy received no analgesics at all after release from the hospital (6 hours postoperatively). CONCLUSION: Following herniorrhaphy the @entity282 therapy with @entity1443 seems to be sufficient. For the @entity282 treatment after orchidopexy additional measures like local nerve blocks, regional anesthesia or wound infiltrations with local anaesthetics should be considered.

title: [Pain control with XXXX following inguinal herniorrhaphy or orchidopexy in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous in vitro and animal studies demonstrated that transcription factors p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 are required to induce @entity4666 secretion by T helper (Th) 9 cells. It is believed that n factor-kappaB (NF-kB) plays a role in eosinophil survival. The importance of these transcription factors in the pathogenesis of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 is poorly understood. We evaluated p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression in peripheral blood Th9 cells and NF-kB expression in eosinophils during late-phase airway inflammation in @entity56 @entity1 . METHODS: Nineteen adults with @entity56 and 14 adult healthy individuals (HI) were examined. Peripheral blood collected 24  h before (baseline) and 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge. CD4(+) cells and eosinophils were isolated by high-density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. The percentage of Th9 cells and apoptotic eosinophils was estimated by flow cytometry. p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Th9 cells. NF-kB levels were expressed as MFI in peripheral blood eosinophils. Serum @entity4666 and @entity225 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At baseline, MFI of p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 in peripheral blood Th9 cells and MFI of NF-kB in eosinophils and, serum @entity225 and @entity4666 levels were greater in @entity56 @entity1 (P   <   0.05). Decreased eosinophil apoptosis was seen in the @entity56 group compared with HI (P   <   0.05). MFI of p- @entity8850 , @entity7764 , and NF-kB and serum levels of @entity225 and @entity4666 were increased in the @entity56 group 24  h after challenge compared with baseline (P   <   0.05). In the @entity56 group, a correlation between serum @entity4666 and Th9 cells (r   =   0.7, P   =   0.001) and MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.6, P   =   0.01) 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge was observed. A correlation between Th9 cells and MFI of p- @entity8850 (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.03) as well as MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.5, P   =   0.02) 24  h after challenge was only observed in @entity56 @entity1 . A correlation between the MFI of NF-kB and eosinophil apoptosis was observed in @entity56 @entity1 24  h before (r   =   -0.46, P   =   0.02) and after (r   =   -0.5, P   =   0.02) challenge. DISCUSSIONS: p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 may be associated with Th9 cells and @entity4666 production, whereas NF-kB and @entity225 may be associated with reduced eosinophil apoptosis in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02214303.

title: p- @entity8850 , XXXX , and NF-kB are involved in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation in asthma @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'AA']

answer: @entity7764 :: (6688,Gene) :: ['PU.1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous in vitro and animal studies demonstrated that transcription factors p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 are required to induce @entity4666 secretion by T helper (Th) 9 cells. It is believed that n factor-kappaB (NF-kB) plays a role in eosinophil survival. The importance of these transcription factors in the pathogenesis of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 is poorly understood. We evaluated p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression in peripheral blood Th9 cells and NF-kB expression in eosinophils during late-phase airway inflammation in @entity56 @entity1 . METHODS: Nineteen adults with @entity56 and 14 adult healthy individuals (HI) were examined. Peripheral blood collected 24  h before (baseline) and 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge. CD4(+) cells and eosinophils were isolated by high-density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. The percentage of Th9 cells and apoptotic eosinophils was estimated by flow cytometry. p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Th9 cells. NF-kB levels were expressed as MFI in peripheral blood eosinophils. Serum @entity4666 and @entity225 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At baseline, MFI of p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 in peripheral blood Th9 cells and MFI of NF-kB in eosinophils and, serum @entity225 and @entity4666 levels were greater in @entity56 @entity1 (P   <   0.05). Decreased eosinophil apoptosis was seen in the @entity56 group compared with HI (P   <   0.05). MFI of p- @entity8850 , @entity7764 , and NF-kB and serum levels of @entity225 and @entity4666 were increased in the @entity56 group 24  h after challenge compared with baseline (P   <   0.05). In the @entity56 group, a correlation between serum @entity4666 and Th9 cells (r   =   0.7, P   =   0.001) and MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.6, P   =   0.01) 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge was observed. A correlation between Th9 cells and MFI of p- @entity8850 (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.03) as well as MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.5, P   =   0.02) 24  h after challenge was only observed in @entity56 @entity1 . A correlation between the MFI of NF-kB and eosinophil apoptosis was observed in @entity56 @entity1 24  h before (r   =   -0.46, P   =   0.02) and after (r   =   -0.5, P   =   0.02) challenge. DISCUSSIONS: p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 may be associated with Th9 cells and @entity4666 production, whereas NF-kB and @entity225 may be associated with reduced eosinophil apoptosis in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02214303.

title: p- XXXX , @entity7764 , and NF-kB are involved in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation in asthma @entity1 .

answer: @entity8850 :: (6778,Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous in vitro and animal studies demonstrated that transcription factors p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 are required to induce @entity4666 secretion by T helper (Th) 9 cells. It is believed that n factor-kappaB (NF-kB) plays a role in eosinophil survival. The importance of these transcription factors in the pathogenesis of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 is poorly understood. We evaluated p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression in peripheral blood Th9 cells and NF-kB expression in eosinophils during late-phase airway inflammation in @entity56 @entity1 . METHODS: Nineteen adults with @entity56 and 14 adult healthy individuals (HI) were examined. Peripheral blood collected 24  h before (baseline) and 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge. CD4(+) cells and eosinophils were isolated by high-density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. The percentage of Th9 cells and apoptotic eosinophils was estimated by flow cytometry. p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Th9 cells. NF-kB levels were expressed as MFI in peripheral blood eosinophils. Serum @entity4666 and @entity225 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At baseline, MFI of p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 in peripheral blood Th9 cells and MFI of NF-kB in eosinophils and, serum @entity225 and @entity4666 levels were greater in @entity56 @entity1 (P   <   0.05). Decreased eosinophil apoptosis was seen in the @entity56 group compared with HI (P   <   0.05). MFI of p- @entity8850 , @entity7764 , and NF-kB and serum levels of @entity225 and @entity4666 were increased in the @entity56 group 24  h after challenge compared with baseline (P   <   0.05). In the @entity56 group, a correlation between serum @entity4666 and Th9 cells (r   =   0.7, P   =   0.001) and MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.6, P   =   0.01) 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge was observed. A correlation between Th9 cells and MFI of p- @entity8850 (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.03) as well as MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.5, P   =   0.02) 24  h after challenge was only observed in @entity56 @entity1 . A correlation between the MFI of NF-kB and eosinophil apoptosis was observed in @entity56 @entity1 24  h before (r   =   -0.46, P   =   0.02) and after (r   =   -0.5, P   =   0.02) challenge. DISCUSSIONS: p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 may be associated with Th9 cells and @entity4666 production, whereas NF-kB and @entity225 may be associated with reduced eosinophil apoptosis in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02214303.

title: p- @entity8850 , @entity7764 , and NF-kB are involved in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation in asthma XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To exploit the prevalence of HPV genotypes 52/58 in a Chinese population, we evaluated algorithms that the use the Cervista Assay A9 group for primary @entity5 screening. METHODS: The SHENCCAST II trial database was re-analyzed, focussing on the A9 pool of the Cervista HR-HPV Assay. Results for the detection CIN2+ and CIN3+ were correlated with a genotyping assay ( @entity215 ) and cervical cytology to explore various screening algorithms. RESULTS: This analysis included 8,556 @entity1 with a mean age of 38.9. CIN 2+ rates were 2.7% (233/8556); CIN 3+ rates were 1.7% (141/8556). Overall @entity281 rates were 11.1% (950/8556) for Cervista, in which A5/A6, A7 and A9 groups were 26.5% (227/950), 22.9% (218/950) and 67.8% (644/950), respectively. The HPV A9 group is highly predictive of high-grade @entity75 (CIN2+ OR   =   103.61, CIN3+ OR   =   128.059). Sensitivity and specificity for Cervista A9 group for CIN 2+ was 85.4% and 94.7%, and for CIN 3+ 89.4% and 93.8% respectively. Cervista A9 Assay followed by triage cytology for non-A9 positives has sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ of 91.5% of 93.5%, and for CIN 3+ 94.3% and 92.6%. CONCLUSION: Using the Cervista A9 as the primary screen instead of the full Cervista assay, the percentage referred to colposcopy would decrease from 11.1% to 8.8% and percentage requiring cytology would decrease from 11.1% to 3.6%. Sensitivity of detecting CIN 2+(91.5%), CIN3+(94.3%) would remain similar to the complete Cervista HR-HPV assay for CIN 2+(93.1%), CIN3+(95.0%).

title: Evaluation of The Cervista HPV A9 group In Screening @entity1 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To exploit the prevalence of HPV genotypes 52/58 in a Chinese population, we evaluated algorithms that the use the Cervista Assay A9 group for primary @entity5 screening. METHODS: The SHENCCAST II trial database was re-analyzed, focussing on the A9 pool of the Cervista HR-HPV Assay. Results for the detection CIN2+ and CIN3+ were correlated with a genotyping assay ( @entity215 ) and cervical cytology to explore various screening algorithms. RESULTS: This analysis included 8,556 @entity1 with a mean age of 38.9. CIN 2+ rates were 2.7% (233/8556); CIN 3+ rates were 1.7% (141/8556). Overall @entity281 rates were 11.1% (950/8556) for Cervista, in which A5/A6, A7 and A9 groups were 26.5% (227/950), 22.9% (218/950) and 67.8% (644/950), respectively. The HPV A9 group is highly predictive of high-grade @entity75 (CIN2+ OR   =   103.61, CIN3+ OR   =   128.059). Sensitivity and specificity for Cervista A9 group for CIN 2+ was 85.4% and 94.7%, and for CIN 3+ 89.4% and 93.8% respectively. Cervista A9 Assay followed by triage cytology for non-A9 positives has sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ of 91.5% of 93.5%, and for CIN 3+ 94.3% and 92.6%. CONCLUSION: Using the Cervista A9 as the primary screen instead of the full Cervista assay, the percentage referred to colposcopy would decrease from 11.1% to 8.8% and percentage requiring cytology would decrease from 11.1% to 3.6%. Sensitivity of detecting CIN 2+(91.5%), CIN3+(94.3%) would remain similar to the complete Cervista HR-HPV assay for CIN 2+(93.1%), CIN3+(95.0%).

title: Evaluation of The Cervista HPV A9 group In Screening XXXX for @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A 32-year-old male, who had had @entity410 for the past 10 years, was admitted to the neurosurgical institute of Tenri Hospital on @entity17156 , 1981. Physical examination on admission revealed some @entity2414 , neuroasthenic tendency and a purplish nevus in the left foot. Plain x-ray series of the skull showed several nodular calcified lesions in the medial aspect of the left temporal lobe. Electroencephalography showed sporadic negative spikes and irregular slow waves dominant in the left anterior quadrant of the head. CT scan showed a high-density area in the left hippocampal gyrus with slight enhancement by contrast medium. Under stereotactic consideration, a left temporal osteoplastic craniotomy and total removal of the mass were performed on March 20, 1981. The histological examination proved it to be calcified @entity2477 or @entity2695 after Penfield and Ward (1948). Postoperative course was uneventful; even 4 weeks after surgery, electroencephalogram became normalized, and memory and @entity148 scores became better. At present, in spite of decreased anticonvulsant, the @entity1 has had no more @entity410 since surgery, and has returned to his business without any complaint. The authors have emphasized the necessity of active operation for @entity2695 even for the one located in the depth of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. Stereotactic consideration can make the surgical risk minimize. CT scan especially with its contour plot of the images is helpful precisely to locate the lesion. For the nevus in the left foot, the biopsy was refused by the @entity1 , which might have connection with the intracerebral @entity2477 .

title: [A case of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'temporal lobe seizure']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma calcificans']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma', 'cavernous angioma']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma calcificans']


abstract: Here we compared the effectiveness of neutrons (<E> = 5.5 MeV) versus 60Co gamma-rays in producing @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) in @entity1 lymphocytes. To obtain dose-response data, blood samples of six donors were irradiated with doses ranging from 0.1 to 5 Gy for gamma-rays and 0.1-3 Gy for neutrons. A linear @entity734 of @entity4523 yield with dose was found for fast neutrons while for gamma-rays a nonlinear @entity734 existed. For both radiation qualities no significant interindividual differences were found. Derived relative biological effectiveness values decreased with increasing dose. The @entity4523 frequency distributions were overdispersed with respect to the Poisson distribution, with neutrons showing higher dispersion values than with gamma-rays. To compare the repair kinetics of both radiation qualities split-dose experiments were performed. A dose of 4 Gy gamma-rays (3 Gy neutrons) was delivered either as a single exposure or in two equal fractions separated by time intervals ranging from 30 min to 10 h (30 min to 7 h for neutrons). The data showed for gamma-rays a significant decline (30% +/- 10%) in @entity4523 yield with interfraction time due to repair of DNA damage. This repair is a continuous process starting almost immediately after the first of the two doses and lasting 3-5 h. For fast neutrons no decline was observed indicating irreparable damage.

title: Micronuclei induced by fast neutrons versus 60Co gamma-rays in XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronuclei']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Various procedures for the isolation of insulin-like growth factors (IGF's) from @entity1 plasma were evaluated with emphasis upon the yields of each species obtained. The procedures which were evaluated as first steps from plasma and mixed Cohn fractions included acid- @entity1068 extraction, @entity3459 , ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Certain two-step combinations of these techniques were also evaluated in order to obtain higher fold-purification. Fractions obtained were tested initially using a competitive binding protein assay and then by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for @entity12067 . The results indicated that acceptable yields of @entity12067 were obtained by initial gel filtration of acidified plasma on Sephadex G-75 at pH 2.5 followed by chromatography on S.P. Sephadex C-25. Isoelectric focusing of the active fraction thereby obtained under these conditions and subsequent R.I.A. indicated total recoveries of @entity12067 of about 23 and 96 mU/litre respectively. Peak recoveries of @entity442 were obtained in a fraction of pI 7.6-8.2 and @entity5100 between pI 5.9 and 6.9. The order in which the two steps of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography were carried out appeared to alter the distribution of IGF's obtained. When ion exchange chromatography was used as the first step, most of the activity was obtained in fractions of pI 4.4-5.9 and was not immunoreactive @entity442 or II.

title: The effect of different isolation procedures on the yields of insulin-like growth factors from XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['heat coagulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The role of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) region in the control of seasonal @entity4090 (PRL) responses was investigated in female Siberian hamsters via disruption of PVN afferent connections from the region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Adult female hamsters received sham surgery or horizontal knife cuts placed ventral to the PVN so as to sever dorsally projecting fibers from the SCN and were either immediately transferred to a short-day photoperiod [10 h light:14 h dark (10L:14D); experiment (exp.) 1A] or returned to the long-day photoperiod (16L:8D; exp. 1B and 2). Serial blood samples were analyzed for determination of circulating PRL and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; exp. 1A) levels at various time points after surgery. In exp. 1A, sham-operated animals showed a steady decline in circulating levels of both PRL and FSH during exposure to 10L. Animals with knife cuts that passed through the extent of the SCN were prevented from showing declines in PRL and FSH during exposure to 10L. Animals with knife cuts located ventral to or through the PVN but dorsal to the SCN maintained high FSH levels during short-day exposure but showed a decline in PRL. Similarly, animals with knife cuts in exp. 1B and 2 showed a decline in circulating PRL despite continued exposure to a stimulatory photoperiod. In exp. 2, the efficacy of a dopaminergic agonist ( @entity2847 ) and an antagonist ( @entity1766 ) in altering circulating PRL under the 16L photoperiod was evaluated. @entity2847 induced declines in PRL in knife-cut but not sham-operated animals, whereas administration of @entity1766 elevated circulating PRL in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX secretion in female Siberian hamsters following hypothalamic deafferentation: role of photoperiod and dopamine.

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['pimozide']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['Prolactin']


abstract: Effects of @entity8777 on @entity1249 pyramidal neurons and synaptic transmission were investigated with intracellular recording in fully submerged @entity35 hippocampal slices. Superfusion with 1-4 mM @entity8777 reversibly depolarized the membrane by 15.1 +/- 1.4 mV, reduced the amplitude and broadened the duration of action potentials due to a slower rate of repolarization, without significant change in membrane conductance. When membrane potential was returned to control level by the injection of a steady outward current, action potential amplitude recovered but repolarization remained slow. The extent of depolarization was not dependent on the concentration of @entity8777 between 1 and 4 mM. @entity8777 greatly depressed orthodromic transmission evoked by the stimulation of Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers several minutes after depolarizing the @entity1249 neuron. Interruption of transmission began with a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude and eventually EPSPs were almost eliminated. When @entity8777 was removed, it took 2-3 min for membrane potential and 10-15 min for transmission to recover. Inward currents induced by bath application of @entity14425 acting on @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors were also depressed. In contrast, @entity8777 enhanced @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced currents. This @entity841 disappeared in the absence of added @entity1025 . A reduction in @entity14425 -induced responses provided a possible explanation for the inhibition of excitatory transmission by @entity8777 .

title: Effects of ammonium ions on synaptic transmission and on responses to @entity14425 and XXXX in hippocampal @entity1249 pyramidal neurons in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potentiation']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: Effects of @entity8777 on @entity1249 pyramidal neurons and synaptic transmission were investigated with intracellular recording in fully submerged @entity35 hippocampal slices. Superfusion with 1-4 mM @entity8777 reversibly depolarized the membrane by 15.1 +/- 1.4 mV, reduced the amplitude and broadened the duration of action potentials due to a slower rate of repolarization, without significant change in membrane conductance. When membrane potential was returned to control level by the injection of a steady outward current, action potential amplitude recovered but repolarization remained slow. The extent of depolarization was not dependent on the concentration of @entity8777 between 1 and 4 mM. @entity8777 greatly depressed orthodromic transmission evoked by the stimulation of Schaffer collateral/commissural fibers several minutes after depolarizing the @entity1249 neuron. Interruption of transmission began with a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude and eventually EPSPs were almost eliminated. When @entity8777 was removed, it took 2-3 min for membrane potential and 10-15 min for transmission to recover. Inward currents induced by bath application of @entity14425 acting on @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors were also depressed. In contrast, @entity8777 enhanced @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-induced currents. This @entity841 disappeared in the absence of added @entity1025 . A reduction in @entity14425 -induced responses provided a possible explanation for the inhibition of excitatory transmission by @entity8777 .

title: Effects of ammonium ions on synaptic transmission and on responses to @entity14425 and @entity1024 in hippocampal XXXX pyramidal neurons in vitro.

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']