abstract: Although percutaneous nephrolithotomy has been recommended as the first-line treatment for @entity1290 larger than 2 cm, its major complication rate is not negligible and less invasive approaches are to be explored. Thanks to the recent advances in endoscopic technology, flexible ureteroscopy has become another option in this setting. Herein we report our most recent experience with flexible ureteroscopy for large @entity1290 . Between September 2008 and May 2011, 20 @entity1 with @entity1290 >=  2 cm underwent a total of 28 procedures of ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy, using the Olympus URF-P5 and a ureteral access sheath. The number of procedures, operative time, stone-free rates, stone compositions and complications were evaluated. Stone-free status was defined as the absence of fragments or fragments of  <= 4 mm. Mean stone size was 3.1 cm (range 2.0-5.0). The average number of procedures was 1.4. One, two and three procedures were required in 13, six and one @entity1 , respectively. Overall, the stone-free rate was 90%. The stone-free rate for preoperative stone size of 2 to  <= 4 cm and >4 cm was 100% (14/14) and 67% (4/6), respectively. No major @entity3816 were identified. Postoperative high-grade fever was observed in three @entity1 , including one @entity1 who developed @entity295 . All these @entity1 were successfully treated conservatively. Our findings suggest that ureteroscopy represents a favorable option for selected @entity1 with @entity1290 , especially those 2 to  <= 4 cm in size.

title: Successful outcome of flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for XXXX 2 cm or greater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stones']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein ( @entity6861 ) induces mesenchymal cells to differentiate into cartilage and bone. To investigate the action of @entity6861 on the growth of host bed-derived bone in experimental spinal fusions, posterior intervertebral spinal fusions of the lower thoracic spine were performed in 13 mature mongrel @entity235 . Four different fusion methods were used at single intervertebral levels within each @entity235 . Three levels in each @entity235 were used as controls for the @entity6861 level. The spinal columns were examined by radiohistomorphometric methods at three weeks, six weeks, and 12 weeks and showed the @entity6861 level to have two to three times more new bone than control levels. At the @entity6861 level, an increase in the amount of new bone was observed in the interval from three to 12 weeks, in contrast to a decrease seen at the control levels. Fusion was present in five of seven of the @entity6861 levels compared with zero of seven, one of seven, and two of seven in the control levels. The @entity6861 level exhibited an increased number and volume of areas of de novo cartilage and woven bone formation at all time intervals compared to all control levels. The @entity7049 polymer carrier was not resorbed and partially retained in the fusion site. The preliminary observations suggest that @entity6861 may serve as a useful adjunct in spinal fusions, but research is required to find a rapidly degradable delivery system. The objective of @entity6861 research is to augment the host bed capacity for bone generation and regeneration and to spare @entity1 and adults the @entity158 and complications involved in removing excessive volumes of iliac crest bone grafts.

title: Augmentation of spinal fusion with bone morphogenetic protein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: This paper presents the first report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in the gastrointestinal @entity2199 of @entity1237 and its possible contributory factors in an irrigated area (Pakistan). A total of 18 privately owned Beetal @entity1237 flocks were selected in order to determine the anthelmintic resistance against commonly used anthelmintics. Forty to 48 animals from each flock were selected according to their weight and egg count. The three anthelmintics viz., @entity13486 , @entity7305 and @entity3070 , were given to three groups at manufacturer's recommended dose while one group was kept as untreated control. Anthelmintic resistance was determined through faecal egg count reduction and egg hatch tests while assessment of the contributory factors of anthelmintic resistance was measured through the rural participatory approach. Faecal egg count reduction test revealed high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (83.3%) and it was either single ( @entity7305 ) or multiple ( @entity13486 and @entity7305 ). Egg hatch test confirmed the resistance against @entity13486 as detected with faecal egg count reduction test. None of the @entity1237 flocks was resistant to ivermectin. Copro-cultures revealed that @entity5167 , Trichostrongylus colubriformis and @entity24651 were the most common species exhibiting resistance to @entity7305 and @entity13486 . Step-wise logistic regression of the data on worm control practices revealed significant role of under-dosing, low-protein diets, healthcare supervision by the traditional healers and mass treatments.

title: Multiple anthelmintic resistance and the possible contributory factors in Beetal XXXX in an irrigated area (Pakistan).

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity24651 :: ('45464', 'Species') :: ['Teladorsagia circumcincta']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity13486 :: ('MESH:C011030', 'Chemical') :: ['oxfendazole']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['Haemonchus contortus']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown a @entity551 (PAP) after adenoidectomy in @entity1 suffering form @entity1224 caused by @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ). However, it is not clear whether this would be significantly reflected on right ventricle output (RVO). METHODS: Our aim was to determine if there were any detectable changes in RV performance parameters after adenoidectomy in @entity1 with @entity1184 . Thirty @entity1 with @entity1184 (female/male: 11/19) aged between 2.5 and 12 years (median: five years) were included in this study. Adenoidectomy was performed under sinuscopic guide using adenoid curette and microdebrider. All @entity1 were examined by echocardiography one day before and one month after adenoidectomy. Velocity time integral of tricuspid valve flow (VTItv) and pulmonary valve flow (VTIpa); E/A ratio of tricuspid valve flow; RV end-diastolic diameter (RVEDd) and left ventricle fraction shortening (FS) were measured. Heart rate (HR) was also recorded. RESULTS: Preoperatively VTItv, VTIpa, E/A ratio, RVEDd, FS, and HR were 18.6+/-3.0 cm, 20.8+/-3.1 cm, 1.21+/-0.31, 11.5+/-2.1 mm, 35.1+/-4.3%, and 112+/-19, respectively. Postoperatively VTItv, VTIpa, E/A ratio, RVEDd, FS, and HR were 21.5+/-2.5 cm, 24.4+/-4.3 cm, 1.44+/-0.32, 9.3+/-2.6 mm, 33.9+/-3.5%, and 104+/-28, respectively. There were significant differences between preoperative and postoperative VTItv (p=0.03), VTIpa (p=0.01), E/A ratios (p=0.04), and RVEDd (p=0.01). FS and HR were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrated that in @entity1 suffering from @entity1184 , relieving @entity1224 by adenoidectomy may result in improvement of RV filling and RVO, associated with the reduction in PAP.

title: The effect of adenoidectomy on right ventricular performance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['AH', 'adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3852 is the second most deadly form of @entity1489 after @entity320 , with a mortality rate of as high as 35 percent. It usually occurs as a deep red or purple dome-shaped @entity5 on sun-exposed skin of elderly @entity1 . Transplant recipients or @entity791 @entity1 have a higher incidence of this @entity5 than normal individuals. There is an association of a polyoma virus with this @entity5 that may explain the increased incidence in immunosuppression. Surgery, followed by radiation therapy is the standard of treatment. Sentinel node dissection is recommended because this @entity5 metastasizes often. Chemotherapy, such as is used for oat cell @entity2 , is advised for metastatic disease. However, systemic chemotherapy protocols have not been overly successful. We have treated four cases of @entity5 with surgery followed by intralesional @entity1732 and have followed these cases for up to five years with no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 . One case had radiation post operatively but the @entity5 recurred. Intralesional @entity1732 caused complete regression of this @entity5 with minimal scarring and long term cure. @entity1732 , besides being a potent chemotherapy agent, has direct antiviral effects that may explain why this drug is so effective in treating @entity3852 .

title: @entity3852 : treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage-I Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: @entity3852 is the second most deadly form of @entity1489 after @entity320 , with a mortality rate of as high as 35 percent. It usually occurs as a deep red or purple dome-shaped @entity5 on sun-exposed skin of elderly @entity1 . Transplant recipients or @entity791 @entity1 have a higher incidence of this @entity5 than normal individuals. There is an association of a polyoma virus with this @entity5 that may explain the increased incidence in immunosuppression. Surgery, followed by radiation therapy is the standard of treatment. Sentinel node dissection is recommended because this @entity5 metastasizes often. Chemotherapy, such as is used for oat cell @entity2 , is advised for metastatic disease. However, systemic chemotherapy protocols have not been overly successful. We have treated four cases of @entity5 with surgery followed by intralesional @entity1732 and have followed these cases for up to five years with no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 . One case had radiation post operatively but the @entity5 recurred. Intralesional @entity1732 caused complete regression of this @entity5 with minimal scarring and long term cure. @entity1732 , besides being a potent chemotherapy agent, has direct antiviral effects that may explain why this drug is so effective in treating @entity3852 .

title: XXXX : treatment with @entity1732 .

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inadvertent subclavian artery catheterization during attempted central venous access is a well-known complication. Historically, these @entity1 are managed with an open operative approach and repair under direct vision via an infraclavicular and/or supraclavicular incision. We describe our experience and technique for endovascular management of these injuries. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were identified with inadvertent iatrogenic subclavian artery cannulation. All cases were managed via an endovascular technique under local anesthesia. After correcting any @entity1003 , a 4-French glide catheter was percutaneously inserted into the ipsilateral brachial artery and placed in the proximal subclavian artery. Following an arteriogram and localization of the subclavian arterial insertion site, the subclavian catheter was removed and bimanual compression was performed on both sides of the clavicle around the puncture site for 20 min. A second angiogram was performed, and if there was any extravasation, pressure was held for an additional 20 min. If hemostasis was still not obtained, a stent graft was placed via the brachial access site to repair the arterial defect and control the @entity548 . RESULTS: Two of the 20 @entity1 required a stent graft for continued @entity548 after compression. Both @entity1 were well excluded after endovascular graft placement. Hemostasis was successfully obtained with bimanual compression over the puncture site in the remaining 18 @entity1 . There were no resultant complications at either the subclavian or the brachial puncture site. CONCLUSION: This minimally invasive endovascular approach to iatrogenic subclavian @entity1317 is a safe alternative to blind removal with manual compression or direct open repair.

title: Experience and technique for the endovascular management of iatrogenic subclavian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia affects 3% to 5% of gestations and @entity3036 0.05% to 0.93%, but their subsequent cardiovascular sequelae are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 are at increased risk of long-term cardiovascular sequelae. METHODS: From Medline and Embase searches, we included case-control and cohort studies that examined cardiac, @entity3657 , or @entity65 >6 weeks postpartum, in @entity1 with and without a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and that controlled for or matched for confounders. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. RESULTS: Five case-control and 10 cohort studies met eligibility criteria, with a total of 116,175 @entity1 with and 2,259,576 @entity1 without @entity1468 / @entity3036 . Most studies focused on @entity1 <56 years of age. Relative to @entity1 with uncomplicated pregnancies, @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 had an increased risk of subsequent @entity299 in both the case-control studies (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.22-5.01) and the cohort studies (relative risk [RR] 2.33, 1.95-2.78), as well as an increased risk of @entity66 (RR 2.03, 1.54-2.67), @entity3657 (RR 1.87, 0.94-3.73), and @entity65 (RR 2.29, 1.73-3.04). Meta-regression revealed a graded relationship between the severity of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and the risk of @entity299 (mild: RR 2.00, 1.83-2.19, moderate: RR 2.99, 2.51-3.58, severe: RR 5.36, 3.96-7.27, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 have approximately double the risk of early cardiac, cerebrovascular, and @entity3657 , and @entity65 . Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations and to identify effective prevention strategies.

title: @entity65 of @entity1468 / XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analyses.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease', 'cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia affects 3% to 5% of gestations and @entity3036 0.05% to 0.93%, but their subsequent cardiovascular sequelae are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 are at increased risk of long-term cardiovascular sequelae. METHODS: From Medline and Embase searches, we included case-control and cohort studies that examined cardiac, @entity3657 , or @entity65 >6 weeks postpartum, in @entity1 with and without a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and that controlled for or matched for confounders. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. RESULTS: Five case-control and 10 cohort studies met eligibility criteria, with a total of 116,175 @entity1 with and 2,259,576 @entity1 without @entity1468 / @entity3036 . Most studies focused on @entity1 <56 years of age. Relative to @entity1 with uncomplicated pregnancies, @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 had an increased risk of subsequent @entity299 in both the case-control studies (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.22-5.01) and the cohort studies (relative risk [RR] 2.33, 1.95-2.78), as well as an increased risk of @entity66 (RR 2.03, 1.54-2.67), @entity3657 (RR 1.87, 0.94-3.73), and @entity65 (RR 2.29, 1.73-3.04). Meta-regression revealed a graded relationship between the severity of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and the risk of @entity299 (mild: RR 2.00, 1.83-2.19, moderate: RR 2.99, 2.51-3.58, severe: RR 5.36, 3.96-7.27, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 have approximately double the risk of early cardiac, cerebrovascular, and @entity3657 , and @entity65 . Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations and to identify effective prevention strategies.

title: @entity65 of XXXX / @entity3036 : a systematic review and meta-analyses.

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia affects 3% to 5% of gestations and @entity3036 0.05% to 0.93%, but their subsequent cardiovascular sequelae are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 are at increased risk of long-term cardiovascular sequelae. METHODS: From Medline and Embase searches, we included case-control and cohort studies that examined cardiac, @entity3657 , or @entity65 >6 weeks postpartum, in @entity1 with and without a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and that controlled for or matched for confounders. Two independent reviewers determined study eligibility and extracted data. RESULTS: Five case-control and 10 cohort studies met eligibility criteria, with a total of 116,175 @entity1 with and 2,259,576 @entity1 without @entity1468 / @entity3036 . Most studies focused on @entity1 <56 years of age. Relative to @entity1 with uncomplicated pregnancies, @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 had an increased risk of subsequent @entity299 in both the case-control studies (odds ratio 2.47, 95% CI 1.22-5.01) and the cohort studies (relative risk [RR] 2.33, 1.95-2.78), as well as an increased risk of @entity66 (RR 2.03, 1.54-2.67), @entity3657 (RR 1.87, 0.94-3.73), and @entity65 (RR 2.29, 1.73-3.04). Meta-regression revealed a graded relationship between the severity of @entity1468 / @entity3036 and the risk of @entity299 (mild: RR 2.00, 1.83-2.19, moderate: RR 2.99, 2.51-3.58, severe: RR 5.36, 3.96-7.27, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 / @entity3036 have approximately double the risk of early cardiac, cerebrovascular, and @entity3657 , and @entity65 . Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these associations and to identify effective prevention strategies.

title: XXXX of @entity1468 / @entity3036 : a systematic review and meta-analyses.

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular sequelae']


abstract: @entity12935 ( @entity12935 ) and @entity64276 ( @entity64276 ) activities were measured in the blood and tissues of animals that are treated with a number of endotracheally aerosolized therapeutics for protection against inhalation @entity137 to @entity4834 . Therapeutics included, aerosolized @entity9966 ( @entity11015 ), @entity5591 or combination of @entity11015 with @entity3045 , @entity5595 , keratinocyte growth factor, @entity859 A1 receptor antisense oligonucleotide ( @entity52464 ), @entity71976 (2,3 DABA), oxycyte, and survanta. @entity840 exposed to 677.4   mg/m(3) or 846.5   mg/m(3) (1.2 LCt(50)) @entity4834 for 4   min using a microinstillation inhalation exposure technique and treated 1   min later with the aerosolized therapeutics. Treatment with all therapeutics significantly increased the survival rate with no @entity410 throughout the 24   h study period. Blood @entity12935 activity determined using @entity35415 as substrate showed 20% activity remaining in @entity4834 -exposed animals compare to controls. In aerosolized @entity11015 and @entity5591 -treated animals the remaining @entity12935 activity was significantly higher (45-60%) compared to @entity4834 -exposed animals (p   <   0.05). Similarly, treatment with all the combination therapeutics resulted in significant increase in blood @entity12935 activity in comparison to @entity4834 -exposed animals although the increases varied between treatments (p   <   0.05). @entity64276 activity was increased after treatment with aerosolized therapeutics but was lesser in magnitude compared to @entity12935 activity changes. Various tissues showed elevated @entity12935 activity after therapeutic treatment of @entity4834 -exposed animals. Increased @entity12935 and @entity64276 activities in animals treated with nasal therapeutics suggest that enhanced breathing and reduced @entity358 possibly contribute to rapid normalization of chemical warfare nerve agent inhibited cholinesterases.

title: Treatment with endotracheal therapeutics after XXXX microinstillation inhalation exposure increases blood cholinesterase levels in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity71976 :: ('MESH:C011748', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-diacetyloxybenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity12935 :: ('100422792', 'Gene') :: ['Acetylcholinesterase', 'AChE']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory toxicity/lung injury']

entities_list: @entity64276 :: ('100729351', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase', 'BChE']

entities_list: @entity35415 :: ('MESH:D000122', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylthiocholine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine methyl bromide']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine 1-phosphate']

answer: @entity4834 :: (MESH:D012524,Chemical) :: ['sarin']


abstract: @entity12935 ( @entity12935 ) and @entity64276 ( @entity64276 ) activities were measured in the blood and tissues of animals that are treated with a number of endotracheally aerosolized therapeutics for protection against inhalation @entity137 to @entity4834 . Therapeutics included, aerosolized @entity9966 ( @entity11015 ), @entity5591 or combination of @entity11015 with @entity3045 , @entity5595 , keratinocyte growth factor, @entity859 A1 receptor antisense oligonucleotide ( @entity52464 ), @entity71976 (2,3 DABA), oxycyte, and survanta. @entity840 exposed to 677.4   mg/m(3) or 846.5   mg/m(3) (1.2 LCt(50)) @entity4834 for 4   min using a microinstillation inhalation exposure technique and treated 1   min later with the aerosolized therapeutics. Treatment with all therapeutics significantly increased the survival rate with no @entity410 throughout the 24   h study period. Blood @entity12935 activity determined using @entity35415 as substrate showed 20% activity remaining in @entity4834 -exposed animals compare to controls. In aerosolized @entity11015 and @entity5591 -treated animals the remaining @entity12935 activity was significantly higher (45-60%) compared to @entity4834 -exposed animals (p   <   0.05). Similarly, treatment with all the combination therapeutics resulted in significant increase in blood @entity12935 activity in comparison to @entity4834 -exposed animals although the increases varied between treatments (p   <   0.05). @entity64276 activity was increased after treatment with aerosolized therapeutics but was lesser in magnitude compared to @entity12935 activity changes. Various tissues showed elevated @entity12935 activity after therapeutic treatment of @entity4834 -exposed animals. Increased @entity12935 and @entity64276 activities in animals treated with nasal therapeutics suggest that enhanced breathing and reduced @entity358 possibly contribute to rapid normalization of chemical warfare nerve agent inhibited cholinesterases.

title: Treatment with endotracheal therapeutics after @entity4834 microinstillation inhalation exposure increases blood cholinesterase levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity298 remains one of the main complications that afflict peritoneal dialysis @entity1 . We conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility and potential advantages of quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the presence of bacterial DNA in this clinical scenario. METHODS: 14 @entity1 attending with 'cloudy bags' had @entity1726 fluid analyzed in accordance with Renal Association Standards. In addition, quantitative bacterial DNA analysis was performed on 50 mL samples of @entity1726 fluid. DNA was extracted using a Qiagen kit. Quantitative PCR assays using primers and probes targeted at 16S rDNA were used to measure the levels of bacterial DNA. Samples from 13 @entity1 attending the department for other reasons served as negative controls. Laboratory staff were blinded to clinical details at the time of analysis. RESULTS: We determined a threshold of bacterial DNA whereby 11 of 13 negative controls were 'negative'. Significant bacterial DNA was found in 6 of 9 culture positive' @entity298 cases (p < 0.05 by chi(2). The 3 cases of 'no growth' @entity298 had 'insignificant' bacterial DNA. Serial DNA analysis was performed in 8 @entity1 . Of the 6 @entity1 who were 'cured' with standard antibiotic therapy, only 1 showed a rise in bacterial DNA from Day 1 to 5. But the 2 @entity1 who relapsed after antibiotics had marked rises in bacterial DNA (p < 0.05 by chi(2). DISCUSSION: We showed that results from quantitative bacterial DNA PCR assays correlate with current microbiological tests despite the small size of this study. We also suggest that this technology might be clinically useful as an adjunct for cases of 'no growth' @entity298 and to identify those @entity1 likely to relapse despite apparent clinical improvement with standard antibiotic therapy.

title: Comparative study of diagnosis of XXXX by quantitative polymerase chain reaction for bacterial DNA vs culture methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['PD peritonitis']


abstract: @entity733 is a rare but potentially life-threatening infectious process. Diagnosis is challenging as symptoms are non-specific and signs of @entity281 may be absent. We report the case of a previously healthy 17-year-old male who presented with worsening @entity10 , @entity2011 , @entity4683 and no clinical signs of @entity281 . On evaluation, he was found to have @entity4614 with @entity2010 , @entity1375 and @entity1887 . An imaging study revealed a pituitary mass. He underwent transsphenoidal biopsy to rule out @entity5 . The abscess was drained transsphenoidally and he was treated with parental antibiotics. Magnetic resonance imaging one year later revealed a normal pituitary without any evidence of abscess or mass. He continues to require thyroid, adrenal and anti-diuretic hormone replacements. As with any @entity4611 , prompt complete hypothalamic pituitary evaluation is essential to avoid potentially life-threatening consequences.

title: Seventeen-year-old adolescent with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary abscess']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['pituitary abscess']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5123 of the salivary gland have gender and age distributions suggesting that @entity2931 has a causal role. However, @entity2931 receptor (ER)alpha is expressed at low levels in normal salivary gland tissues and data from @entity5 are conflicting. There is preliminary evidence that the recently described @entity1783 may be the major ER in salivary gland tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the nature and extent of @entity1783 expression in @entity5123 of the salivary gland. METHODS: @entity5123 and normal tissues of the parotid gland from 49 @entity1 were tested for @entity1782 and @entity1783 expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Associations were sought with @entity1 age and gender. RESULTS: @entity1782 and @entity1783 expression was localised mainly to the nuclei of ductal cells in normal tissues and the epithelial components in @entity5123 . Within each tissue and receptor type there were no associations between ER positivity and @entity1 age or gender. @entity1783 was expressed in almost twice as many normal tissues and @entity5123 as @entity1782 . Expression of @entity1783 was also significantly higher in @entity5 compared with normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This is thought to be the first study of @entity1783 in @entity5123 of the salivary gland. Findings support @entity1783 as the major ER in salivary glands, and provide evidence that @entity1783 may have a role in the development of @entity5123 of the salivary gland.

title: @entity2931 receptor beta expression in XXXX of the parotid gland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas', 'Pleomorphic adenomas']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']


abstract: AIMS: @entity5123 of the salivary gland have gender and age distributions suggesting that @entity2931 has a causal role. However, @entity2931 receptor (ER)alpha is expressed at low levels in normal salivary gland tissues and data from @entity5 are conflicting. There is preliminary evidence that the recently described @entity1783 may be the major ER in salivary gland tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the nature and extent of @entity1783 expression in @entity5123 of the salivary gland. METHODS: @entity5123 and normal tissues of the parotid gland from 49 @entity1 were tested for @entity1782 and @entity1783 expression by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Associations were sought with @entity1 age and gender. RESULTS: @entity1782 and @entity1783 expression was localised mainly to the nuclei of ductal cells in normal tissues and the epithelial components in @entity5123 . Within each tissue and receptor type there were no associations between ER positivity and @entity1 age or gender. @entity1783 was expressed in almost twice as many normal tissues and @entity5123 as @entity1782 . Expression of @entity1783 was also significantly higher in @entity5 compared with normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This is thought to be the first study of @entity1783 in @entity5123 of the salivary gland. Findings support @entity1783 as the major ER in salivary glands, and provide evidence that @entity1783 may have a role in the development of @entity5123 of the salivary gland.

title: XXXX receptor beta expression in @entity5123 of the parotid gland.

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['Oestrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The exact prevalence of female @entity250 (FSD) in the Middle East is exceptionally difficult to measure in light of its sensitive nature and the conservative tinge of the population. AIM: The Global Online Sexuality Survey-Arabic-Females (GOSS-AR-F) is a community-based study of female sexuality in the Middle East through an online survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of risk for female @entity250 (rFSD) in the reproductive age group and its vulnerability to various risk factors. METHODS: GOSS-AR-F was offered via online advertising. The survey is comprised of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire among other questions. RESULTS: Out of 2,920 @entity1 , 344 @entity1 completed all survey questions. Average total FSFI score was 23    6.5, with 59.1% of @entity1 suffering rFSD. Age adjusted prevalence of rFSD was 59.5%, standardized to World Health Organization World Standard Population. There was a statistically significant higher prevalence of rFSD among cases with subjectively reported @entity308 and male partner-related shortcomings such as @entity323 and @entity2754 as reported by the female @entity1 , in addition to dissatisfaction with partner's penile size, insufficient foreplay, and practice of masturbation. This was not the case with advancing age, @entity6 , @entity101 , smoking, ongoing pregnancy, mode of previous @entity1 delivery, @entity249 , @entity1866 , @entity1834 , interpersonal distress, subjectively reported hirsutism, and female genital cutting. @entity1 were found to require longer duration of coitus and better ejaculatory control but not necessarily a higher coital frequency. CONCLUSION: Female sexual function in the reproductive age appears to be adversely affected by psychological factors and shortcomings in male sexual function more than anything. These findings point to the possibility that many cases of FSD can be managed with the focus on male partner's ailments and attitudes that are relatively easier to manage.

title: The Global Online Sexuality Survey (GOSS): female XXXX among Internet users in the reproductive age group in the Middle East.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: A 68-year-old female visited a local clinic with epigastralgia. A routine laboratory test revealed @entity1087 and @entity409 . She was referred to this hospital. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) revealed that the density of the entire pancreas had decreased, and showed dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) and the main pancreatic duct (MPD). @entity788 was diagnosed by cytological examination analyzing the pancreatic juice obtained by ERCP. When @entity1087 had @entity5 was observed via laparotomy. No ascites, liver @entity3 , or peritoneal dissemination was observed. The entire pancreas was a hard mass, and a needle biopsy was obtained from the head, body and tail of the pancreas. These biopsies diagnosed a poorly differentiated @entity420 . Hepaticojejunostomy was thus performed, and postoperative progress was good. Chemotherapy with 1000 mg/body per week of @entity136 was administered beginning 15 d postoperatively. However, the @entity1 suffered relatively severe side effects, and it was necessary to change the dosing schedule of @entity136 . Abdominal CT revealed a complete response (CR) after 3 treatments. Therefore, weekly chemotherapy was stopped and was changed to monthly administration. To date, for 4 years after chemotherapy, the @entity5 has not reappeared.

title: A @entity1 with unresectable advanced XXXX achieving long-term survival with @entity136 chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'decreased the tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: A 68-year-old female visited a local clinic with epigastralgia. A routine laboratory test revealed @entity1087 and @entity409 . She was referred to this hospital. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) revealed that the density of the entire pancreas had decreased, and showed dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) and the main pancreatic duct (MPD). @entity788 was diagnosed by cytological examination analyzing the pancreatic juice obtained by ERCP. When @entity1087 had @entity5 was observed via laparotomy. No ascites, liver @entity3 , or peritoneal dissemination was observed. The entire pancreas was a hard mass, and a needle biopsy was obtained from the head, body and tail of the pancreas. These biopsies diagnosed a poorly differentiated @entity420 . Hepaticojejunostomy was thus performed, and postoperative progress was good. Chemotherapy with 1000 mg/body per week of @entity136 was administered beginning 15 d postoperatively. However, the @entity1 suffered relatively severe side effects, and it was necessary to change the dosing schedule of @entity136 . Abdominal CT revealed a complete response (CR) after 3 treatments. Therefore, weekly chemotherapy was stopped and was changed to monthly administration. To date, for 4 years after chemotherapy, the @entity5 has not reappeared.

title: A @entity1 with unresectable advanced @entity788 achieving long-term survival with XXXX chemotherapy.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: A 68-year-old female visited a local clinic with epigastralgia. A routine laboratory test revealed @entity1087 and @entity409 . She was referred to this hospital. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) revealed that the density of the entire pancreas had decreased, and showed dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) and the main pancreatic duct (MPD). @entity788 was diagnosed by cytological examination analyzing the pancreatic juice obtained by ERCP. When @entity1087 had @entity5 was observed via laparotomy. No ascites, liver @entity3 , or peritoneal dissemination was observed. The entire pancreas was a hard mass, and a needle biopsy was obtained from the head, body and tail of the pancreas. These biopsies diagnosed a poorly differentiated @entity420 . Hepaticojejunostomy was thus performed, and postoperative progress was good. Chemotherapy with 1000 mg/body per week of @entity136 was administered beginning 15 d postoperatively. However, the @entity1 suffered relatively severe side effects, and it was necessary to change the dosing schedule of @entity136 . Abdominal CT revealed a complete response (CR) after 3 treatments. Therefore, weekly chemotherapy was stopped and was changed to monthly administration. To date, for 4 years after chemotherapy, the @entity5 has not reappeared.

title: A XXXX with unresectable advanced @entity788 achieving long-term survival with @entity136 chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the differential expression of protein of thalamus in @entity35 with @entity21 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomly divided into a normal group (n=10) and a @entity130 group (n=15). Total proteins of @entity131 tissue and normal brain tissue were extracted separately, and then proteins were separated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified with biospectrometry. Images were analyzed by PDQuest 7.0. RESULTS: The distribution of protein spots in the @entity130 group was similar to that of the normal group, the matching rate was 95%, and the repeatability was good. Proteins were mainly displayed at pI 3-8, with relative molecular mass 14.4-75.0 kD. Compared with the normal group, 16 spots of proteins increased and 18 spots of proteins decreased in the @entity130 group. CONCLUSION: There is some difference in protein expression between the normal group and the @entity130 group. @entity131 may lead to changes of proteins in the thalamus.

title: [Differential proteomic analysis of thalamus in @entity35 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma', 'Brain trauma']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the differential expression of protein of thalamus in @entity35 with @entity21 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomly divided into a normal group (n=10) and a @entity130 group (n=15). Total proteins of @entity131 tissue and normal brain tissue were extracted separately, and then proteins were separated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified with biospectrometry. Images were analyzed by PDQuest 7.0. RESULTS: The distribution of protein spots in the @entity130 group was similar to that of the normal group, the matching rate was 95%, and the repeatability was good. Proteins were mainly displayed at pI 3-8, with relative molecular mass 14.4-75.0 kD. Compared with the normal group, 16 spots of proteins increased and 18 spots of proteins decreased in the @entity130 group. CONCLUSION: There is some difference in protein expression between the normal group and the @entity130 group. @entity131 may lead to changes of proteins in the thalamus.

title: [Differential proteomic analysis of thalamus in XXXX with @entity21 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of @entity544 ( @entity515 ) in colonoscopy examination. METHODS: We randomized 349 @entity1 to undergo colonoscopy with insufflation of air (n=175) or @entity515 (n=174). At colonoscopy, p (ET @entity515 ) was observed at 4 time points: before the exam, arrived caecum, back rectum, and after the exam. @entity1 's experience of @entity158 in the end and after the examination at 1, 3, 6, and 24 h was registered using a visual analog scale (VAS). Sedation was not used routinely. RESULTS: The groups were similar in age, sex, inspection time, and caecal intubation rate (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in p (ET @entity515 ) values between the 2 groups before and after the procedure (all P>0.05). VAS scores in the @entity515 group at various time points after the examination were significantly lower than those in the air group (all P<0.05). The percent of VAS scores of 0 in the @entity515 group after 1, 3, 6, and 24 h was significantly higher than that in the air group (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Injection of @entity515 for colonoscopy will not cause @entity515 retention, and it may significantly reduce the @entity158 , which is safe and effective.

title: [Safety and efficacy of XXXX insufflation during colonoscopy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity694 in the splenic flexure (SF @entity5 ) is technically demanding and has not been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for SF @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery for SF @entity5 (LAC group) were retrospectively compared with 22 @entity1 undergoing open surgery for SF @entity5 (OC group) between April 2003 and June 2010. RESULTS: Left hemicolectomy was the most performed procedure in both groups (79% vs. 82%). Median operating time was significantly longer (209 vs. 178 min) and estimated @entity190 was significantly lower (15 vs. 113 mL) in the LAC group than in the OC group. Conversion to open surgery was needed for 1 (3%) @entity1 because of @entity548 near the pancreas. @entity5 stage was more advanced in the OC group than in the LAC group, but N stages were similar between groups. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was significantly higher in the LAC group than in the OC group (16 vs. 12). The rate of @entity260 was significantly lower in the LAC group than in the OC group (6% vs. 36%). Time to flatus (1 vs. 3 d), time to liquid diet (2 vs. 5 d), and hospital stay (12 vs. 16 d) were significantly shorter in the LAC group than in the OC group. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery for SF @entity5 is feasible.

title: XXXX in the splenic flexure: comparison of short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open colectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment strategies for @entity1653 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies have demonstrated favorable surgical outcomes for @entity1653 , with a low incidence of @entity5 recurrence, few have examined long-term surgical outcomes. METHODS: The influence of @entity1 age, surgical margin status (Simpson grade), @entity5 location, and histological subtype on @entity5 recurrence were examined retrospectively. In addition, the resected dura mater from Simpson grade I cases was examined for invasive @entity5 cells and compared with the presence or absence of a dural tail sign on magnetic resonance image. RESULTS: Complete resection (Simpson grades I and II) was performed in 62 @entity1 . Among them, the @entity5 recurrence rate was 9.7%, all in @entity1 who underwent grade II resection for ventral spinal lesions. The mean duration to reoperation in these @entity1 was 12.2    5.2 years. Of the 6 @entity1 who underwent incomplete resection (Simpson grade III/IV), all required reoperation for @entity5 recurrence or regrowth, 5 years later on average. @entity1 younger than 50 years at the initial surgery had a significantly higher recurrence rate than those aged 50 years or older. Histologic examination of 43 dura mater specimens from Simpson grade I-resection @entity1 revealed @entity5 cell invasion between the inner and outer layers in 15 @entity1 . This invasion was noted in 8 (29%) of 28 @entity1 who were negative for the dural tail sign on magnetic resonance image, and in 7 (47%) of 15 @entity1 who showed a positive dural tail sign. The @entity1758 index reached about 10% for dumbbell-type @entity1653 invading the vertebral body; these were associated with repeated recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up after surgery for @entity1653 indicated that Simpson grade I resection should be selected whenever practicable when treating younger @entity1 or dumbbell-type @entity1653 . @entity5 recurred at 12 years, on average, in approximately 30% of @entity1 who underwent grade II resection.

title: Long-term surgical outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['spinal meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['spinal meningiomas']


abstract: In a cytometric DNA study of high-grade @entity421 , the relationship between DNA content and morphology was analyzed. The investigation, based on microspectrophotometry of tissue sections and flow cytometry (FCM), included both @entity75 and recurrences. FCM analysis, applied to a consecutive series of 47 primary @entity421 , disclosed that 2 were diploid and 45 were nondiploid, 8 of which were @entity8339 . Multiple aneuploid peaks were detected in 13 @entity5 . Among the @entity5 , there was no clear relationship between the peak DNA value(s) and the histologic subtype (osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic) or grade (III-IV). The proliferative activity, as reflected by the percentage of S-phase cells, could be determined in 38 of the 47 @entity5 analyzed by FCM. The percentage was higher for aneuploid than for @entity8339 lesions; however, the distribution of S-phase cells was not related to the histologic subtype or the grade of the @entity5 . To assess the reliability of a single sample for FCM, the DNA content of biopsy and surgical specimens was compared in 20 @entity5 ; there was complete agreement in all cases with respect to the classification of the lesion as diploid, @entity8339 or aneuploid. Analysis by FCM or microspectrophotometry of 12 local recurrences and 16 @entity3 and the corresponding 19 @entity5 showed that an aneuploid characteristic of the @entity75 was retained during progression of the disease. In 12 @entity5 analyzed by microspectrophotometry in tissue sections, comparison of chondroblastic and osteoblastic/fibroblastic areas within the same lesion consistently disclosed hyperploidy in both areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ploidy and morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'nondiploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: Background. Intensity of exercise and low energy consumption, specific type and amount of training, early age at initiation, previous @entity1866 , low body mass index (BMI) or percentage body fat, pathological feeding habits and @entity1642 have been suggested as potential factors accountable for @entity1866 in female athletes.Aim. To evaluate the influence of intensive training and of dietetic and anthropometric factors on menstrual cycles in female ballet dancers.Method. A case-control study, in which a structured interview and physical examination were carried out in two groups of teenagers aged between 12 and 18 years. The study included a total of 115 adolescent @entity1 distributed in two groups: dancers (group B, n = 38) and @entity1 of the same age not engaged in any sports activity (group C, n = 77).Results. Early starting high-intensity training delayed the onset of menarche ( p < 0.001). Dancers had a higher prevalence of @entity2589 and @entity2588 than control @entity1 ( p = 0.004). Additionally, the dancers had lower scores in anthropometric variables: breast circumference 80 cm vs. 86.6 cm for controls ( p = 0.0001), low weight in 18% of dancers vs. 2.6% of controls ( p = 0.0001), and low height in 18% of dancers vs. 9% of controls ( p = 0.016). In addition, in dancers, low BMI was observed in 21% compared with 13% of controls ( p = 0.0001). Finally, 32% of the dancers were on a weight-control diet while this percentage decreased to 12% for the @entity1 in control group (odds ratio = 3.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-9.25).Conclusions. In ballet dancers, high-intensity training was associated with late onset of menarche, @entity1866 , lower weight and height development, and abnormal feeding behaviors.

title: Influence of high-intensity training and of dietetic and anthropometric factors on XXXX in ballet dancers.

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorders', 'menstrual irregularities', 'menstrual dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['menstrual cycle disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transmissible @entity796 (Psa) strains such as the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) are now widespread throughout UK @entity1577 clinics: their susceptibility to antibiotics is therefore important. To study this, we compared antibiogram patterns of Psa strains in our @entity1577 clinic over 5 years, looking at differences in resistance patterns between strains and changes to these over time. METHODS: The antibiograms of sputum samples between 2004 and 2008 from @entity1 attending our centre were included. We compared Psa isolate antibiotic resistance (to six anti-pseudomonal antibiotics) patterns for @entity1 infected with LES with those infected with other Psa strains, both in the total population in 2004 (125 @entity1 ) and 2008 (166 @entity1 ) and also longitudinally from annual review samples 2004 to 2008 in matched and unmatched @entity1 groups. RESULTS: LES exhibited significantly more resistant isolates in 2004 (p<0.0001). There was an increase in antibiotic resistance in both LES and other Psa strains over time (p<0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis of both unmatched (n=125) and matched (n=56) @entity1 in 2004 revealed that LES infected @entity1 were more likely to develop antibiotic resistant isolates over time (hazard ratio 8.1, p<0.001). Fewer LES isolates were classed as fully sensitive in both matched and unmatched groups at the end of study period (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a worrying trend in antibiotic resistance in the Psa isolates amongst @entity1 chronically infected with LES. This highlights the need to prevent @entity580 through segregation and also the need to develop new strategies to treat these organisms.

title: Increasing resistance of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) of XXXX (Psa) to antibiotics in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 )--a cause for concern?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['cross infection']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transmissible @entity796 (Psa) strains such as the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) are now widespread throughout UK @entity1577 clinics: their susceptibility to antibiotics is therefore important. To study this, we compared antibiogram patterns of Psa strains in our @entity1577 clinic over 5 years, looking at differences in resistance patterns between strains and changes to these over time. METHODS: The antibiograms of sputum samples between 2004 and 2008 from @entity1 attending our centre were included. We compared Psa isolate antibiotic resistance (to six anti-pseudomonal antibiotics) patterns for @entity1 infected with LES with those infected with other Psa strains, both in the total population in 2004 (125 @entity1 ) and 2008 (166 @entity1 ) and also longitudinally from annual review samples 2004 to 2008 in matched and unmatched @entity1 groups. RESULTS: LES exhibited significantly more resistant isolates in 2004 (p<0.0001). There was an increase in antibiotic resistance in both LES and other Psa strains over time (p<0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis of both unmatched (n=125) and matched (n=56) @entity1 in 2004 revealed that LES infected @entity1 were more likely to develop antibiotic resistant isolates over time (hazard ratio 8.1, p<0.001). Fewer LES isolates were classed as fully sensitive in both matched and unmatched groups at the end of study period (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a worrying trend in antibiotic resistance in the Psa isolates amongst @entity1 chronically infected with LES. This highlights the need to prevent @entity580 through segregation and also the need to develop new strategies to treat these organisms.

title: Increasing resistance of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) of @entity796 (Psa) to antibiotics in XXXX ( @entity1577 )--a cause for concern?

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transmissible @entity796 (Psa) strains such as the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) are now widespread throughout UK @entity1577 clinics: their susceptibility to antibiotics is therefore important. To study this, we compared antibiogram patterns of Psa strains in our @entity1577 clinic over 5 years, looking at differences in resistance patterns between strains and changes to these over time. METHODS: The antibiograms of sputum samples between 2004 and 2008 from @entity1 attending our centre were included. We compared Psa isolate antibiotic resistance (to six anti-pseudomonal antibiotics) patterns for @entity1 infected with LES with those infected with other Psa strains, both in the total population in 2004 (125 @entity1 ) and 2008 (166 @entity1 ) and also longitudinally from annual review samples 2004 to 2008 in matched and unmatched @entity1 groups. RESULTS: LES exhibited significantly more resistant isolates in 2004 (p<0.0001). There was an increase in antibiotic resistance in both LES and other Psa strains over time (p<0.001). Cox proportional hazards analysis of both unmatched (n=125) and matched (n=56) @entity1 in 2004 revealed that LES infected @entity1 were more likely to develop antibiotic resistant isolates over time (hazard ratio 8.1, p<0.001). Fewer LES isolates were classed as fully sensitive in both matched and unmatched groups at the end of study period (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study shows a worrying trend in antibiotic resistance in the Psa isolates amongst @entity1 chronically infected with LES. This highlights the need to prevent @entity580 through segregation and also the need to develop new strategies to treat these organisms.

title: Increasing resistance of the Liverpool Epidemic Strain (LES) of @entity796 (Psa) to antibiotics in @entity1577 ( XXXX )--a cause for concern?

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['CF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgical site infections (SSI) cause substantial morbidity and mortality for @entity1 undergoing operative procedures. We determined the incidence of and risk factors for SSI after abdominal surgery in the Department of Abdominal Surgery at the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK). METHODOLOGY: Prospective surveillance of @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery was performed between December 2005 and June 2006. CDC definitions were followed to detect SSI and study forms were based on Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) protocol. RESULTS: A total of 253 surgical interventions in 225 @entity1 were evaluated. The median age of @entity1 was 42 years and 55.1% of them were male. The overall incidence rate of SSI was 12%. Follow-up was achieved for 84.1% of the procedures. For @entity1 with an SSI, the median duration of hospitalization was 9 days compared with 4 days for those without an SSI (p2, use of antibiotic prophylaxis and NNIS class of >2 were all significant at p < .001. The SSI rates for the NNIS System risk classes 0, 1 and 2-3 were 4.2%, 46.7% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SSI caused considerable morbidity among surgical @entity1 in UCCK. Appropriate active surveillance and @entity281 control measures should be introduced during preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative care to reduce @entity281 rates.

title: XXXX in an abdominal surgical ward at Kosovo Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical site infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is higher among blacks as compared with whites in general population. This study describes unexpected racial differences in the prevalence of @entity301 and @entity712 among incident dialysis @entity1 , with whites being at a disadvantage. METHODS: Data were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2728 form for incident dialysis @entity1 in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina in 1995-2003. The @entity301 and @entity712 prevalence between races were compared using adjusted odds ratios (ORs). The potential for case ascertainment bias was assessed. RESULTS: Compared with whites (n = 23 951), black @entity1 (n = 32 642) had lower prevalence of @entity301 (15.7 vs 31.2%) and @entity712 (28.1 vs 34.1%). After controlling for age, gender, @entity6 , @entity101 and smoking, the association of race with @entity301 varied by gender and @entity6 status: OR ranged from 0.36 (0.34-0.39) for non- @entity6 males to 0.57 (0.53-0.61) for @entity6 females. Racial differences were not fully explained by case ascertainment bias. The race- @entity712 association varied by age, gender and @entity6 : among @entity1 aged <55, blacks tended to have higher prevalence than whites (OR ranged from 0.99 (0.90-1.09) for @entity6 males to 1.25 (1.13-1.39) for non- @entity6 females), but among those aged above 55, blacks were less likely to @entity712 (OR ranged from 0.62 (0.58-0.67) for @entity6 males to 0.79 (0.73-0.85) for non- @entity6 females). CONCLUSIONS: Substantial racial disparities exist in @entity301 / @entity712 prevalence among incident dialysis @entity1 that persist after controlling for confounders and cannot be fully explained by disease misclassification.

title: Racial disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among incident end-stage renal disease XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of leptin in food intake and body weight regulation in @entity2083 . We examined the effects of i.c.v. or i.p. acute leptin administration on food intake in food-deprived @entity2083 at different time intervals post-injection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). Food intake was reduced by i.p. administered leptin (1 microg) at 8 h post-injection, without statistically significant differences after i.c.v. treatment. The present study shows for the first time in a teleost that chronic (10 days) leptin treatment (i.p.) reduces food intake, body @entity1017 , specific growth rate and food efficiency ratio. Moreover, lipid and @entity1735 metabolism seems to be regulated by leptin in fish. Chronic leptin treatment increased lipid mobilization and @entity1735 storage as hepatic and muscle glycogen. Finally, leptin could mediate its actions on energy homeostasis in fish, at least in part, through interactions with hypothalamic @entity2661 , since chronic leptin treatment reduced both hypothalamic noradrenergic and dopaminergic turnover without significant modifications in hypothalamic serotoninergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems. In summary, our results suggest that leptin can regulate feeding behaviour and body weight homeostasis in fish.

title: Acute and chronic leptin reduces food intake and body weight in XXXX ( @entity2083 ).

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of leptin in food intake and body weight regulation in @entity2083 . We examined the effects of i.c.v. or i.p. acute leptin administration on food intake in food-deprived @entity2083 at different time intervals post-injection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). Food intake was reduced by i.p. administered leptin (1 microg) at 8 h post-injection, without statistically significant differences after i.c.v. treatment. The present study shows for the first time in a teleost that chronic (10 days) leptin treatment (i.p.) reduces food intake, body @entity1017 , specific growth rate and food efficiency ratio. Moreover, lipid and @entity1735 metabolism seems to be regulated by leptin in fish. Chronic leptin treatment increased lipid mobilization and @entity1735 storage as hepatic and muscle glycogen. Finally, leptin could mediate its actions on energy homeostasis in fish, at least in part, through interactions with hypothalamic @entity2661 , since chronic leptin treatment reduced both hypothalamic noradrenergic and dopaminergic turnover without significant modifications in hypothalamic serotoninergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems. In summary, our results suggest that leptin can regulate feeding behaviour and body weight homeostasis in fish.

title: Acute and chronic leptin reduces food intake and body weight in @entity2083 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of rheumatic and @entity166 on skeletal remains provides an important source of information for knowledge of contemporary medicine. Few pathologic conditions have attracted so much interest as treponematoses. One of these, syphilis, was the most feared @entity2953 throughout the civilized world until the introduction of @entity114 in the 20th century. OBJECTIVE: To describe paleopathological and ceramic illustrations of treponematoses in ancient Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paleopathological and ceramic material examples from the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico were reviewed. RESULTS: A unique paleopathologic site for @entity16157 comprises the La Candelaria Cave skeletal collection from northern Mexico. The cave was used as a burial site and contained the bones of at least 83 adults and 33 subadults. Fifty-one percent of the recovered skulls possess erosions of the vault consistent with treponematoses. Some of these exhibit the @entity79 with irregular borders typical of caries sicca. In addition, periostosis of the long bones was found in up to 88% of the study sample, including 6 examples of @entity85 . Radiocarbon dating (-C) of a bone retrieved from the cave ranges from 1100 to 1300 A.D. Additionally, a Pre-Hispanic ceramic figurine from the Mexican state of Nayarit depicting a lame @entity1 with multiple nodular @entity272 that suggest gummatous @entity16157 is described. CONCLUSIONS: These ancient specimens reinforce the notion that @entity16157 was present on the American Continent before European penetration of the New World. These very advanced paleopathologic lesions and ceramic representations demonstrate the degree to which these diseases wrought devastation before the antibiotic @entity7971 . In ancient times, treponematoses were true @entity627 that produced profound @entity853 marked by periosteal accretion and @entity79 .

title: XXXX in the ancient Americas: the skeletal manifestations of treponematoses.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal disease']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'impressive frontal bone lytic changes']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['saber-shin deformity of tibias']

entities_list: @entity16157 :: ('MESH:D014211', 'Disease') :: ['treponemal infection', 'treponemal diseases']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the surgical outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of two treatments for central @entity2994 : radial optic neurotomy (RON) and cannulation of @entity1456 (tPA) into the retinal vein (tPA). METHODS: This study consisted of 22 eyes. The inclusion criterion was a best-corrected visual acuity of < or =20/60 due to central @entity2994 . The exclusion criteria were previous treatment and the presence of @entity2194 . @entity1 were randomized into RON or tPA groups (n = 11 each). Best-corrected visual acuity, macular thickness, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean best-corrected visual acuity changed from 16/200 at baseline to 20/167 at 12 months in RON (P = 0.217) and from 10/200 to 20/200 in tPA (P = 0.051). The preoperative macular thicknesses decreased from 1,059 microm to 406 microm 12 months postoperatively in RON (P < 0.001) and from 1,121 microm to 271 microm (P < 0.001) in tPA. @entity2297 developed in 2 eyes (18%) in RON and in 4 eyes (40%) in tPA. @entity227 associated with surgery were seen in 2 eyes (18%) in RON. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in surgical outcomes between the two procedures. Although best-corrected visual acuity and macular @entity4 improved, the incidence of @entity2297 was high. It is, therefore, still uncertain whether these treatments are effective.

title: Comparison of surgical treatments for central @entity2994 ; RON vs. cannulation of XXXX into the retinal vein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['Neovascular glaucoma', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity1456 :: (100128998,Gene) :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the surgical outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of two treatments for central @entity2994 : radial optic neurotomy (RON) and cannulation of @entity1456 (tPA) into the retinal vein (tPA). METHODS: This study consisted of 22 eyes. The inclusion criterion was a best-corrected visual acuity of < or =20/60 due to central @entity2994 . The exclusion criteria were previous treatment and the presence of @entity2194 . @entity1 were randomized into RON or tPA groups (n = 11 each). Best-corrected visual acuity, macular thickness, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: The mean best-corrected visual acuity changed from 16/200 at baseline to 20/167 at 12 months in RON (P = 0.217) and from 10/200 to 20/200 in tPA (P = 0.051). The preoperative macular thicknesses decreased from 1,059 microm to 406 microm 12 months postoperatively in RON (P < 0.001) and from 1,121 microm to 271 microm (P < 0.001) in tPA. @entity2297 developed in 2 eyes (18%) in RON and in 4 eyes (40%) in tPA. @entity227 associated with surgery were seen in 2 eyes (18%) in RON. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in surgical outcomes between the two procedures. Although best-corrected visual acuity and macular @entity4 improved, the incidence of @entity2297 was high. It is, therefore, still uncertain whether these treatments are effective.

title: Comparison of surgical treatments for central XXXX ; RON vs. cannulation of @entity1456 into the retinal vein.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 developed a progressive paraparesis over a period of six months, secondary to @entity1745 by a lipomatous mass and @entity3574 . Clinically, a @entity11126 affecting the trunk and lower limb was evident, as well as a right @entity1635 . CT and MRI demonstrated severe @entity1745 resulting from @entity6574 , @entity8032 of right facet joints (T8 to L5), and @entity3792 . Surgical decompression was undertaken. @entity1635 of 48 degrees was partially corrected by means of dual-rod instrumentation. The neurological deficit improved significantly, and ambulation was progressively restored. The @entity1 carried the diagnosis of @entity795 for several years, but reevaluation of clinical features prompted the diagnosis of @entity362 ( @entity362 ). This rare @entity2526 is often confused with @entity795 . As in @entity795 , @entity1745 in @entity1 with @entity362 can result from @entity2617 and/or significant @entity4681 including @entity3792 and @entity8032 . @entity362 and @entity795 are discussed and compared with special emphasis on spinal and orthopaedic pathologies.

title: @entity362 ( XXXX ): a challenge in spinal care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11126 :: ('MESH:C565524', 'Disease') :: ['right hemihyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['HHML', 'Hemihyperplasia Multiple Lipomatosis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6574 :: ('MESH:D008068', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies of the vertebral column']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['A lumbar scoliosis', 'convex lumbar scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['overgrowth']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['HHML']


abstract: A 15-year-old @entity1 developed a progressive paraparesis over a period of six months, secondary to @entity1745 by a lipomatous mass and @entity3574 . Clinically, a @entity11126 affecting the trunk and lower limb was evident, as well as a right @entity1635 . CT and MRI demonstrated severe @entity1745 resulting from @entity6574 , @entity8032 of right facet joints (T8 to L5), and @entity3792 . Surgical decompression was undertaken. @entity1635 of 48 degrees was partially corrected by means of dual-rod instrumentation. The neurological deficit improved significantly, and ambulation was progressively restored. The @entity1 carried the diagnosis of @entity795 for several years, but reevaluation of clinical features prompted the diagnosis of @entity362 ( @entity362 ). This rare @entity2526 is often confused with @entity795 . As in @entity795 , @entity1745 in @entity1 with @entity362 can result from @entity2617 and/or significant @entity4681 including @entity3792 and @entity8032 . @entity362 and @entity795 are discussed and compared with special emphasis on spinal and orthopaedic pathologies.

title: XXXX ( @entity362 ): a challenge in spinal care.

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Hemihyperplasia-multiple lipomatosis syndrome']


abstract: The @entity3505 pathogen @entity32250 , causal organism of the @entity3505 disease @entity32250 blotch, has emerged as a model for the Dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens. The initial annotation of the genome assembly included 16,586 nuclear gene models. These gene models were used to design a microarray that has been interrogated with labelled transcripts from six cDNA samples: four from infected @entity3505 plants at time points spanning early infection to sporulation, and two time points taken from growth in artificial media. Positive signals of expression were obtained for 12,281 genes. This represents strong corroborative evidence of the validity of these gene models. Significantly differential expression between the various time points was observed. When infected samples were compared with axenic cultures, 2882 genes were expressed at a higher level in planta and 3630 were expressed more highly in vitro. Similar numbers were differentially expressed between different developmental stages. The earliest time points in planta were particularly enriched in differentially expressed genes. A disproportionate number of the early expressed gene products were predicted to be secreted, but otherwise had no obvious sequence homology to functionally characterized genes. These genes are candidate necrotrophic effectors. We have focused attention on genes for @entity1735 metabolism and the specific biosynthetic pathways active during growth in planta. The analysis points to a very dynamic adjustment of metabolism during infection. Functional analysis of a gene in the coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway showed that the enzyme was dispensable for growth, indicating that a precursor is supplied by the plant.

title: Transcriptome analysis of XXXX : gene models, effectors, metabolism and pantothenate dispensability.

entities_list: @entity32250 :: ('13684', 'Species') :: ['Stagonospora nodorum']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity32250 :: (13684,Species) :: ['Stagonospora nodorum']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity774 ( @entity774 ) because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency have multiple vascular risk factors. Young adults with @entity774 have increased intima media thickness, but there have been no studies of vascular function and structure in @entity1 with @entity774 . OBJECTIVE: To establish whether @entity1 with @entity774 have reduced vascular function and increased carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) when compared to healthy and @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional study of 14 @entity1 (14.8 years    3.2, seven @entity1 ) with @entity12554 compared to 28 @entity28 and 53 healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: All subjects had assessment of endothelial function flow-mediated dilatation, ( @entity384 ), smooth muscle function @entity1242 dilatation (GTN) and cIMT. Anthropometric data, resting blood pressure and biochemical variables were also measured. RESULTS: @entity774 subjects had significantly reduced @entity384 (4.5    3.0% vs 7.5    5.2%; P = 0.04) and GTN (17.2    1.6% vs 28.4    8.4%; P < 0.001) when compared to controls and the impairment was comparable to the @entity28 cohort. There was no significant difference in cIMT between groups. @entity774 subjects had increased homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR 2.5 (0.2-2.9) vs 1.8 (0.5-4.2); P = 0.04], waist-to-height ratio (0.47    0.05 vs 0.44    0.04; P = 0.02) and higher systolic blood pressure Z score (0.29    0.9 vs-0.24    0.64, P = 0.01) compared to healthy controls but not when compared to @entity28 controls. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with @entity774 have evidence of @entity455 by adolescence.

title: Adolescents with @entity12554 have XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl tri-nitrate']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['CAH secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'Congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular dysfunction']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity774 ( @entity774 ) because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency have multiple vascular risk factors. Young adults with @entity774 have increased intima media thickness, but there have been no studies of vascular function and structure in @entity1 with @entity774 . OBJECTIVE: To establish whether @entity1 with @entity774 have reduced vascular function and increased carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) when compared to healthy and @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional study of 14 @entity1 (14.8 years    3.2, seven @entity1 ) with @entity12554 compared to 28 @entity28 and 53 healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS: All subjects had assessment of endothelial function flow-mediated dilatation, ( @entity384 ), smooth muscle function @entity1242 dilatation (GTN) and cIMT. Anthropometric data, resting blood pressure and biochemical variables were also measured. RESULTS: @entity774 subjects had significantly reduced @entity384 (4.5    3.0% vs 7.5    5.2%; P = 0.04) and GTN (17.2    1.6% vs 28.4    8.4%; P < 0.001) when compared to controls and the impairment was comparable to the @entity28 cohort. There was no significant difference in cIMT between groups. @entity774 subjects had increased homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR 2.5 (0.2-2.9) vs 1.8 (0.5-4.2); P = 0.04], waist-to-height ratio (0.47    0.05 vs 0.44    0.04; P = 0.02) and higher systolic blood pressure Z score (0.29    0.9 vs-0.24    0.64, P = 0.01) compared to healthy controls but not when compared to @entity28 controls. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with @entity774 have evidence of @entity455 by adolescence.

title: Adolescents with XXXX have @entity455 .

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: OBJECT: Due to advances in neuroimaging and the increasing use of imaging to screen for @entity75 ("brain checkups"), @entity1653 are now often detected as an incidental finding. The natural history of these @entity10094 remains unclear, however. In this study, the authors investigated the natural history and growth pattern of incidentally detected @entity1653 using serial volumetric assessment and regression analysis. METHODS: In 70 @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity1653 who underwent follow-up for longer than 1 year, @entity5 volumes were calculated volumetrically at each follow-up visit, and @entity5 growth was determined. In @entity1 with @entity5 growth, regression analysis was performed to determine the pattern of growth. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity5 exhibited growth and 26 did not. In a regression analysis, 16 of the @entity5 that grew followed an exponential growth pattern and 15 exhibited linear growth patterns. The presence of calcification was the only imaging characteristic that significantly distinguished the group with @entity5 growth from that without, although no radiological characteristics significantly distinguished the exponential growth group from the linear growth group. Two @entity1 with obvious @entity5 growth underwent surgical removal and the pathological specimens extracted showed a high proliferative potential. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that incidentally discovered @entity1653 did not always follow an exponential growth pattern but often exhibited more complex patterns of growth. Serial monitoring of @entity5 volumes and regression analysis may reveal the growth pattern of incidental @entity1653 and provide information useful for determining treatment strategy.

title: Serial volumetric assessment of the natural history and growth pattern of incidentally discovered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers in tissues of the anterior eye segment. METHODS: Sections of @entity1 anterior segments from eight eyes of eight donors (37-100 years) were stained for @entity7802 , @entity18262 , @entity14600 , @entity13712 , Pcx, @entity9350 , @entity11274 , @entity3024 , and @entity469 . @entity13712 localization was additionally analyzed by immunogold labeling on sections of five eyes. Expression of LEC markers and chemokine receptor/ligands was analyzed by RT-PCR in iris and trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue from three eyes and eight @entity1 TM (hTM) cell cultures. RESULTS: @entity7802 and @entity18262 stained no structures in the anterior segment. @entity14600 stained single dendriform cells in the ciliary body, the TM, and the iris. @entity13712 stained all trabecular cells, the cells of the trabeculum ciliare, and the anteriormost perimysium cells of the ciliary muscle. Schlemm's canal endothelium was not stained but reacted to a podocalyxin antibody. In the iris stroma, single dendriform cells were stained; at the anterior surface, almost all cells were @entity13712 (+). Few stromal cells were @entity13712 (+)/Lyve(+), but several anterior surface cells were @entity13712 (+)/ @entity3024 (+). Solitary @entity9350 (+) cells were observed there, too. IF results were confirmed by PCR, but @entity18262 was detected in TM and iris. Cultured hTM cells displayed partial @entity13712 / @entity3024 colocalization. CONCLUSIONS: Coexpression of @entity13712 and @entity3024 at the anterior iris surface and in the chamber angle suggests the constitution of a chemokine gradient guiding @entity11527 through the anterior chamber. The more pronounced expression of @entity13712 in the TM could favor egression of @entity11527 by way of the conventional outflow.

title: Expression of podoplanin and other lymphatic markers in the XXXX anterior eye segment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A series of 53 @entity1 who sustained extrahepatic biliary tract trauma were analysed to define the role of the various surgical options. Of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1085 , 39 were due to stab wounds. Nine of the 45 @entity130 were repaired by primary suture without complication. Five @entity1 underwent cholecystostomy and all developed biliary fistulae, which resulted in prolonged hospitalization. Cholecystectomy was performed in 31 @entity1 ; in retrospect many of these gallbladders could have been preserved because on only eight occasions was the gallbladder extensively damaged. Of eight extrahepatic @entity1157 , the three partial transections managed by primary repair had a successful outcome, while the five complete transections were managed by a variety of techniques. Delayed diagnosis, failure of operative recognition of the injury and improper management were factors that led to mortality in two @entity1 and prolonged morbidity in another. We conclude that suture repair is the operation of choice for @entity1085 without @entity130 . @entity130 must be recognized. Partial transections are best managed by primary repair. Complete transections should be managed by primary duct jejunal @entity254 if the expertise is available.

title: Surgical options in XXXX to the extrahepatic biliary tract.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stab wounds', 'gallbladder injuries']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injuries']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['extensive injury', 'injuries', 'Ductal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injury']


abstract: There is a controversy regarding most effective operative method for treatment of @entity1511 and whether to use metallic implants on the site of @entity281 . This retrospective study reports on the outcome of 17 @entity1 with persistent cervical and lumbar @entity1511 who had one-stage combined surgery and fusion with use of a @entity702 mesh cage for intractable @entity158 , @entity1513 , and @entity16 . All @entity1 tolerated the combined operation and were followed up on for 45 months. Incomplete @entity16 improved postoperatively an average 1.4 Frankel grades. Visual analog @entity158 score (mean) improved from 7 preoperatively to 2 postoperatively. Average correction of local @entity85 was 6 degrees without loss of correction at final observation. There was no expulsion or migration of any @entity702 mesh cage or loosening of the posterior instrumentation. There was an approach-related @entity4036 after @entity2737 . At the final followup, the combined operation in combination with the use of the mesh cage improved sagittal alignment and resulted in eradication of the @entity281 and attainment of solid fusion. The presence of the @entity702 mesh cage anteriorly at the site of @entity281 had no adverse effect on the course of @entity281 . @entity1 with cervical and lumbar @entity4034 can successfully have instrumented-combined, one-stage surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II (retrospective study). Please see the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: One-stage combined surgery with mesh cages for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic lesions', 'neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal hernia']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['septic spondylitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the types of @entity8494 treated in a one-year in a maxillo-facial unit operating in a mountainous region. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted to the Grenoble University Hospital maxillo-facial unit for a one year period were studied. We noted cause of @entity130 , age, sex, type and location of @entity174 , type of soft tissue injury, time between @entity130 and surgery. RESULTS: A total of 994 @entity1 presenting maxillo-facial @entity130 underwent surgery over one year; 30% of the unit's maxillo-facial surgical activity. On average, 80 @entity1 were treated for maxillo-facial @entity130 per month, with a peak of 97 @entity8494 in July; 65.6% were hospitalized in the maxillo-facial unit; 25,4% of the injured were aged between 21 and 30 years. Sex-ratio was 2.7M/1F. The most frequent cause was @entity2587 (25.8%) followed, in decreasing order, by traffic @entity130 (23.1%), @entity130 (17.6%), fight @entity130 (3.4%), @entity130 (3.4%) and @entity235 bites (3.2%). 10.5% of the @entity130 occurred in a mountainous setting and 40.7% were @entity2587 , 95% of which during practice of winter's sports. Injuries included @entity174 (65.5%) with or without soft tissue damage, and soft tissue @entity130 only (34.5%); 33.6% of the @entity1 had other lesions of the body. 67.2% underwent surgery within the first 24 hours and 86.9% before the fifth day. DISCUSSION: Sports accidents are the leading cause of facial @entity130 in the mountainous regions. Most @entity8494 result from @entity88 , surf and other winter sports accidents. Most of the victims were given surgical care within the first 24 hours following the accident.

title: [ XXXX treated in the Grenoble University Hospital. Epidemiological analysis of 961 @entity1 managed in one year].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['work injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma', 'home injuries']

answer: @entity8494 :: (MESH:D005151,Disease) :: ['Facial injuries']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the types of @entity8494 treated in a one-year in a maxillo-facial unit operating in a mountainous region. METHODS: All @entity1 admitted to the Grenoble University Hospital maxillo-facial unit for a one year period were studied. We noted cause of @entity130 , age, sex, type and location of @entity174 , type of soft tissue injury, time between @entity130 and surgery. RESULTS: A total of 994 @entity1 presenting maxillo-facial @entity130 underwent surgery over one year; 30% of the unit's maxillo-facial surgical activity. On average, 80 @entity1 were treated for maxillo-facial @entity130 per month, with a peak of 97 @entity8494 in July; 65.6% were hospitalized in the maxillo-facial unit; 25,4% of the injured were aged between 21 and 30 years. Sex-ratio was 2.7M/1F. The most frequent cause was @entity2587 (25.8%) followed, in decreasing order, by traffic @entity130 (23.1%), @entity130 (17.6%), fight @entity130 (3.4%), @entity130 (3.4%) and @entity235 bites (3.2%). 10.5% of the @entity130 occurred in a mountainous setting and 40.7% were @entity2587 , 95% of which during practice of winter's sports. Injuries included @entity174 (65.5%) with or without soft tissue damage, and soft tissue @entity130 only (34.5%); 33.6% of the @entity1 had other lesions of the body. 67.2% underwent surgery within the first 24 hours and 86.9% before the fifth day. DISCUSSION: Sports accidents are the leading cause of facial @entity130 in the mountainous regions. Most @entity8494 result from @entity88 , surf and other winter sports accidents. Most of the victims were given surgical care within the first 24 hours following the accident.

title: [ @entity8494 treated in the Grenoble University Hospital. Epidemiological analysis of 961 XXXX managed in one year].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']