abstract: The effect on age at @entity0 diagnosis of age at menarche, age at first baby, parity and age at menopause has been determined for 739 unselected @entity1 diagnosed between 1975 and 1980 as having operable @entity0 . Age at diagnosis was significantly and positively associated with ages at menarche, first baby and menopause. The average number of @entity1 significantly declined with increasing age at diagnosis. This was largely due to a change in the proportion of @entity1 who were nulliparous (15% in @entity1 aged 41-50 years compared to about 30% in those over 60 years). A group of 1,989 normal @entity1 whose reproductive history was also collected between 1975 and 1980 showed similar trends between age and age at menarche, age at first baby and parity as the @entity1 . Thus it appears that these reproductive parameters do not alter the time of onset of @entity0 but could be explained by temporal changes in reproductive patterns. There was no significant correlation between age at menopause and age at diagnosis for @entity1 whose age at menopause was no more than 54 years and age at diagnosis no less than 55 years, respectively. It is therefore unlikely that age at menopause affects age at diagnosis. Postmenopausal @entity1 with 3 or more @entity1 had a significantly shorter disease-free interval and lower survival rate than those with less @entity1 . None of the other parameters was associated with prognosis.

title: Influence of reproductive history on age at diagnosis of XXXX and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Over a total of 1612 @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity253 , in 6 cases a @entity384 of intrahepatic bile-ducts suggestive of @entity13550 was diagnosed. One @entity1 with multiple dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and @entity326 was treated by external drainage without improvement and died. Two @entity1 were treated by left hepatectomy. One case was treated by right extended @entity99 . One @entity1 with @entity1575 and @entity548 oesophageal varices was treated by a distal splenorenal shunt. The last @entity1 showed the association of a @entity2941 and @entity384 of the left intrahepatic bile ducts. She was treated by resection of the cyst and biliary-jejunal @entity254 . Five @entity1 had satisfactory recovery from the operation. They are leading a normal life, and are symptom-free. The different forms of treatment are discussed confirming that the best surgical technique on @entity1 with partial @entity384 of bile ducts is liver resection. When the extrahepatic bile ducts are affected, biliary-jejunal diversion is necessary. If a @entity2941 is present, the removal of the cyst is the most radical approach. When @entity82 and @entity101 with @entity548 varices are diagnosed, portosystemic shunt is necessary.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX of the biliary system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ["Caroli's disease"]

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobectomy']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['congenital dilatation']


abstract: One hundred-thirteen @entity1 underwent @entity1496 -125 prostate implant and lymphadenectomy at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1974 through 1980. The distribution by clinical stage was: 7 Stage @entity3750 , and 20 Stage C @entity1 . Ninety-four @entity1 had a negative lymphadenectomy (N-) and 19 @entity1 (17%) had @entity3 in the pelvic lymph nodes (N+). The actuarial 5-year survival for all 113 @entity1 was 87% (+/- 6%: 95% confidence limits). Sixty-five percent of our 113 @entity1 are disease free (NED) from 2 to 9 years following implant. Sixty-seven (N-) @entity1 with clinical Stage B disease, whose @entity5 were either well differentiated or moderately well differentiated, have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of 84% (+/- 8%). Twenty (N-) @entity1 with either clinical Stage C disease or poorly differentiated @entity5 have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of only 31% (+/- 20%). For the 19 (N+) @entity1 , the actuarial 5-year NED survival is 38% (+/- 22%). @entity5 control was 85% for all Stage B @entity1 and 75% for all Stage C @entity1 . Only 10 @entity1 (9%) have developed long-term @entity344 following their implant. @entity1496 -125 implant appears to be a reasonable alternate form of therapy in highly selected groups of @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: XXXX -125 implants for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal or genitourinary complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: One hundred-thirteen @entity1 underwent @entity1496 -125 prostate implant and lymphadenectomy at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1974 through 1980. The distribution by clinical stage was: 7 Stage @entity3750 , and 20 Stage C @entity1 . Ninety-four @entity1 had a negative lymphadenectomy (N-) and 19 @entity1 (17%) had @entity3 in the pelvic lymph nodes (N+). The actuarial 5-year survival for all 113 @entity1 was 87% (+/- 6%: 95% confidence limits). Sixty-five percent of our 113 @entity1 are disease free (NED) from 2 to 9 years following implant. Sixty-seven (N-) @entity1 with clinical Stage B disease, whose @entity5 were either well differentiated or moderately well differentiated, have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of 84% (+/- 8%). Twenty (N-) @entity1 with either clinical Stage C disease or poorly differentiated @entity5 have an actuarial 5-year NED survival of only 31% (+/- 20%). For the 19 (N+) @entity1 , the actuarial 5-year NED survival is 38% (+/- 22%). @entity5 control was 85% for all Stage B @entity1 and 75% for all Stage C @entity1 . Only 10 @entity1 (9%) have developed long-term @entity344 following their implant. @entity1496 -125 implant appears to be a reasonable alternate form of therapy in highly selected groups of @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: @entity1496 -125 implants for XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: To document the incidence and severity of symptomatic @entity382 in @entity1 with @entity5 , we reviewed the charts of @entity1 with @entity521 seen at @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1951 and 1985. Sixteen met the criteria for IV-S disease, and 11 of these (69%) had massive @entity382 . Five @entity1 had symptoms referable to their liver size including respiratory distress, @entity354 , or decreased urine output. Liver function appeared to be normal or only mildly abnormal in the 9 @entity1 where data were available. Because therapy was so variable, it was not possible to correlate treatment regimen with outcome. However, 3 symptomatic @entity1 who received less than or equal to 600 rad without chemotherapy had prompt subjective responses. Follow-up was available on 10 @entity1 6 months-18 years (median 18 years) from diagnosis. Eight were alive with resolved or resolving @entity382 . High dose (greater than or equal to 3,300 rad) radiation-related side effects included multiple rib @entity83 , @entity764 in one @entity1 , and @entity1310 with @entity1575 resulting in death of a second @entity1 . Our results support prior recommendations that for symptomatic @entity382 , low doses of radiation be considered.

title: Results of therapy in stage IV-S XXXX with massive @entity382 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['radiation nephritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IV-S neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['chondromas']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest- and pelvic-wall hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: To document the incidence and severity of symptomatic @entity382 in @entity1 with @entity5 , we reviewed the charts of @entity1 with @entity521 seen at @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1951 and 1985. Sixteen met the criteria for IV-S disease, and 11 of these (69%) had massive @entity382 . Five @entity1 had symptoms referable to their liver size including respiratory distress, @entity354 , or decreased urine output. Liver function appeared to be normal or only mildly abnormal in the 9 @entity1 where data were available. Because therapy was so variable, it was not possible to correlate treatment regimen with outcome. However, 3 symptomatic @entity1 who received less than or equal to 600 rad without chemotherapy had prompt subjective responses. Follow-up was available on 10 @entity1 6 months-18 years (median 18 years) from diagnosis. Eight were alive with resolved or resolving @entity382 . High dose (greater than or equal to 3,300 rad) radiation-related side effects included multiple rib @entity83 , @entity764 in one @entity1 , and @entity1310 with @entity1575 resulting in death of a second @entity1 . Our results support prior recommendations that for symptomatic @entity382 , low doses of radiation be considered.

title: Results of therapy in stage IV-S @entity521 with massive XXXX .

answer: @entity382 :: (MESH:D006529,Disease) :: ['hepatomegaly']


abstract: A bleeding diathesis characterized by in-vitro @entity1423 and prolongation of the template bleeding time (TBT) has been reported in @entity1 receiving latamoxef ( @entity3399 ), but not @entity3524 or @entity2891 . Hypoprothrombinaemia has been associated with the use of both latamoxef and @entity2891 in seriously ill and malnourished @entity1 . We administered either latamoxef, @entity3524 or @entity2891 intravenously, at dosages within the range recommended by each manufacturer, to 14 normal volunteers. Latamoxef caused a dose and time dependent @entity1423 characterized in vitro by @entity1423 to @entity857 and in vivo by prolongation of the template bleeding time. In two out of two subjects, a single 4 g dose of @entity3399 caused neither prolongation of template bleeding times nor aggregation abnormalities. Two out of two subjects receiving latamoxef 6 g/day for six days had progressive prolongation of bleeding times to 12 and 15 min. Two additional subjects receiving latamoxef 12 g/day for four days had prolongation of template bleeding times to greater than 20 min. Of four subjects receiving @entity3524 12 g/day for seven days, none had prolongation of template bleeding times or @entity1423 . Of four subjects receiving @entity2891 6 g/day, none had significant prolongation of template bleeding times and one had @entity1423 attributed to inadvertent @entity2697 ingestion. Prolongation of the prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time did not occur in any of the 14 volunteers. Latamoxef is more likely to interfere with platelet function than either @entity3524 or @entity2891 .

title: The effects of latamoxef, @entity3524 , and XXXX on platelet function and coagulation in normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['defect in platelet function', 'abnormalities in aggregation', 'platelet dysfunction', 'abnormalities in platelet aggregations']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ["'moxalactam'", 'latamoxef']

answer: @entity2891 :: (MESH:D002438,Chemical) :: ['cefoperazone']


abstract: A bleeding diathesis characterized by in-vitro @entity1423 and prolongation of the template bleeding time (TBT) has been reported in @entity1 receiving latamoxef ( @entity3399 ), but not @entity3524 or @entity2891 . Hypoprothrombinaemia has been associated with the use of both latamoxef and @entity2891 in seriously ill and malnourished @entity1 . We administered either latamoxef, @entity3524 or @entity2891 intravenously, at dosages within the range recommended by each manufacturer, to 14 normal volunteers. Latamoxef caused a dose and time dependent @entity1423 characterized in vitro by @entity1423 to @entity857 and in vivo by prolongation of the template bleeding time. In two out of two subjects, a single 4 g dose of @entity3399 caused neither prolongation of template bleeding times nor aggregation abnormalities. Two out of two subjects receiving latamoxef 6 g/day for six days had progressive prolongation of bleeding times to 12 and 15 min. Two additional subjects receiving latamoxef 12 g/day for four days had prolongation of template bleeding times to greater than 20 min. Of four subjects receiving @entity3524 12 g/day for seven days, none had prolongation of template bleeding times or @entity1423 . Of four subjects receiving @entity2891 6 g/day, none had significant prolongation of template bleeding times and one had @entity1423 attributed to inadvertent @entity2697 ingestion. Prolongation of the prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time did not occur in any of the 14 volunteers. Latamoxef is more likely to interfere with platelet function than either @entity3524 or @entity2891 .

title: The effects of latamoxef, XXXX , and @entity2891 on platelet function and coagulation in normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3524 :: (MESH:D002439,Chemical) :: ['cefotaxime']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of Daflon in the management of @entity6713 in Saudi @entity1 attending the Surgical clinic. METHODS: This is a prospective clinical study of 105 consecutive @entity1 suffering from @entity6713 including thrombosed piles. Detailed history and proctoscopic examination to determine position, size, and degree of @entity6713 was conducted in all @entity1 attending the Surgical Clinic at Dammam Central Hospital, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study was conducted over a 6-months period (December 2000 to May 2001). All were started on Daflon; 2 tablets twice daily for 4 weeks and were followed up weekly during the study period and proctoscopic examination was conducted at each consultation. RESULTS: The mean age was 35 (range 19-70) years. The majority (77%) suffered congested @entity6713 and only 8% had thrombosed piles. Previous surgery for piles was noted in 11%. Concomitant medical diseases were present in 10%. The degrees of piles were first degree (23 @entity1 ), 2nd degree (73), 3rd degree (9) and 4th degree (0). There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) improvement in @entity158 , @entity11728 , @entity548 , @entity111 , and mucosal discharge from baseline to last visit. There was also a significant (p<0.001) improvement on the proctoscopic appearance. Five @entity1 failed to improve on Daflon; therefore, they underwent surgery. The side effects of Daflon (mainly gastrointestinal symptoms) were encountered in 5 @entity1 but did not force interruption of the medication. CONCLUSION: Daflon is a very safe and effective drug in the treatment of all @entity6713 in the population of Eastern KSA.

title: Efficacy of Daflon in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal symptoms', 'hemorrhoidal disease', 'hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoidal problems']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: Disturbance of neurologic function in disorders of the central nervous system is expressed as altered activation pattern in functional networks after specific tasks, and can be studied by functional imaging modalities, e.g. positron emission tomography (PET). Language, a complex brain function is based on the interplay of a distributed network in which partial functions are executed in various centers and tasks are hierarchically organized according to their complexity. The specialization of different centers and the lateralization of integrative functions into the dominant (usually left) hemisphere is achieved by collateral and transcallosal inhibition of structures of lower order in the network. @entity1 with @entity385 often suffer from @entity2026 ; the features and the prognosis of this disturbance is determined by the localization and the extent of the @entity1188 in the dominant hemisphere. The preservation of the left superior temporal gyrus or its functional reintegration, respectively, is of utmost importance for the recovery of the deficits and for a satisfactory outcome. Reactivation of this region in repeated PET-activation studies were related to a favorable outcome, activation of other eloquent regions or of contralateral areas were accompanied by some improvements, but never indicated recovery of sufficient speech production. Symptoms develop slowly in @entity1 with @entity5 in the left hemisphere, and the functional network can adapt to the lesion. In these @entity1 a dislocation of areas activated during language tasks was observed, either to ipsilateral regions usually not involved or to contralateral homotopic areas. @entity2026 was frequent in cases with activation shift to the subdominant hemisphere, and the right over left asymmetry in activation of the cerebellum was correlated to the severity of @entity73 . The shift of dominance in activation could be reversed after surgical resection of the @entity5 leading to improved speech performance. The patterns of intrahemispheric as well as interhemispheric compensation may be explained by reduction of collateral inhibition of specific centers on other structures within the network (disinhibition): circumscript and/or slowly developing lesions disinhibit surrounding areas leading to increases and to displacements of activated centers; large morphological @entity146 leading to the activation of contralateral regions.

title: [Language activation in XXXX and brain tumor: a PET study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['defects reduce the transcallosal inhibition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 is common in developing countries and little information about its treatment is available. The aim of this study is to report our experience in the treatment of these cases using a uniform approach. PROCEDURE: @entity1 with @entity995 including orbital extension, preauricular lymph node invasion and/or metastatic disease on diagnosis or after extraocular relapse admitted to the @entity6223 Garrahan from August 1987 to December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were treated according to two different protocols (1987-1993 and 1994-2000). Treatment included: neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy followed by limited surgery in case of orbital extension (enucleation or resection of residual orbital mass) and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy included @entity786 , @entity1891 , @entity2879 , @entity632 (in protocol 87), @entity8779 (in protocol 94), @entity900 (in protocol 87), and @entity3003 (in protocol 94). RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were included. Fifteen of them had orbital or preauricular disease and had a 5-year event-free survival (pEFS) of 84%. Twenty-six had distant metastatic disease and non survived 5-years. One @entity1 died of @entity137 and one died in complete remission. One @entity1 had a secondary @entity1778 . The remaining adverse events included CNS and/or systemic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment strategy was highly efficacious for @entity1 with orbital and/or lymph node extension. Orbital exenteration is not necessary for these @entity1 . Those @entity1 with distant metastatic or CNS disease were not curable with this approach.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital JP']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Overt extraocular retinoblastoma', 'overt extraocular retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['overt extraocular retinoblastoma']


abstract: A simple model for monitoring ovarian stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles was designed using daily serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 as the only index to determine the day of ovum retrieval. @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin was administered in the evening 2 days after a level of 2500 pmol/l @entity53 in serum was exceeded provided the serum @entity1420 level was less than 5 nmol/l. Ovarian stimulation was initiated in 128 @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. Twelve cycles (9%) were cancelled before ovum pick up due to sub-optimal hormone levels in serum and five for other reasons. In 107 successful laparoscopies, 616 oocytes (mean 5.8 per laparoscopy) were recovered. The cleavage rate after IVF was 65% in the egg replacement group. In 87 @entity1 , a total of 271 cleaved eggs (range 1-6, mean 3.1) were replaced. The most important factor for establishing a pregnancy was the number of eggs replaced at the same time. Clinical pregnancies were achieved after 30% of replacements, increasing to 50% after replacement of 5-6 eggs. The ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate after the 18th week of gestation was 69%. It was concluded that the simple monitoring model used was consistent with a high pregnancy rate and a low rate of cancelled cycles.

title: Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in-vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles monitored by serum levels of XXXX and @entity1420 as sole index.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', '17 beta-oestradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: A simple model for monitoring ovarian stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles was designed using daily serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 as the only index to determine the day of ovum retrieval. @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin was administered in the evening 2 days after a level of 2500 pmol/l @entity53 in serum was exceeded provided the serum @entity1420 level was less than 5 nmol/l. Ovarian stimulation was initiated in 128 @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. Twelve cycles (9%) were cancelled before ovum pick up due to sub-optimal hormone levels in serum and five for other reasons. In 107 successful laparoscopies, 616 oocytes (mean 5.8 per laparoscopy) were recovered. The cleavage rate after IVF was 65% in the egg replacement group. In 87 @entity1 , a total of 271 cleaved eggs (range 1-6, mean 3.1) were replaced. The most important factor for establishing a pregnancy was the number of eggs replaced at the same time. Clinical pregnancies were achieved after 30% of replacements, increasing to 50% after replacement of 5-6 eggs. The ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate after the 18th week of gestation was 69%. It was concluded that the simple monitoring model used was consistent with a high pregnancy rate and a low rate of cancelled cycles.

title: Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in-vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles monitored by serum levels of @entity53 and XXXX as sole index.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: The possibility of using electrical discharges to ablate right free wall accessory pathways by delivering a series of catheter shocks near the tricuspid anulus was assessed in a @entity235 model. Before the shock, the amplitudes of the atrial and ventricular electrograms recorded from the distal electrodes were compared (A/V ratio), and the atrial pacing threshold was determined. To assess effects on function and arrhythmogenicity, right heart pressures were measured and programmed ventricular stimulation was performed before the shock and prior to sacrifice 7 to 10 days after the shock. Nine @entity235 received a total of 24 discharges at varying energies (50 to 400 J). Nonsustained @entity1165 occurred with 13 shocks (62%) and transient @entity713 with 9 shocks (43%). There was no worsening in @entity340 as determined by right heart pressure measurements or right ventriculography. Programmed ventricular stimulation performed before the shocks and repeated before sacrifice failed to induce @entity943 . The endocardial lesion produced by the shock was roughly circular and its area correlated with both the magnitude of the shock as well as the atrial pacing threshold. Transmural @entity39 always occurred at the anulus when the A/V ratio was between 1.00 and 1.50 and preshock atrial pacing threshold suggested adequate wall contact (less than 1.5 mA). There was mild @entity32 of the adventitia of the right coronary artery near two discharge sites (both 200 J) and @entity32 of the media near one discharge site (400 J); no intimal involvement was seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of catheter-delivered electrical discharges near the tricuspid anulus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or valvular function']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: This study was undertaken to analyse the distribution pattern of blood elements deposits in 15 cases of vascular prostheses submitted, ex vivo, to reduced blood flow in a @entity235 model. Autologous blood platelets labeled with @entity4343 -111 and @entity1 125 Iodinated fibrinogen were injected into the animals. Ten minutes later, the blood flow in the aorta was reduced to 50 ml/min and the prostheses (Woven DeBakey, 30 cm long and 6 mm internal diameter), were implanted as substitutes for the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood flow was then reestablished to 50 ml/min and controlled throughout the entire experiment. When a @entity715 occurred, or after 4 hours of @entity551 , the prosthesis was collected, weighted and chemically fixed, and the radioactivity was measured by means of a two-channel gamma scintillation counter. These data were then formatted and processed by a special computer program. Final values were processed for graphical representation and analysed statistically. Results show a lack of correlation between weight of @entity715 , and fibrin deposits retained from one animal to the other. There is, though, an appearance of a complex interrelationship between the mean pattern of longitudinal distribution of these elements, which shall be qualified as contagious distal accumulation of the deposits. The influence of each animals' blood characteristics, as evaluated by means of regression analysis, account for 40 to 60% of the interindividual variance in blood deposits. Data corrections following evidence of undesirable influences due to uncontrolled parameters are presented. This experimental method permits simultaneous graphical representation of the distribution of several elements in the thrombotic matrix, and at the same time an elaborate numerical analysis of their longitudinal distribution and total accumulation. The method is easy to use, does not require sophisticated equipment, and is less expensive than scintigraphy.

title: The statistical analysis of distribution of blood deposits in arterial prostheses after short-term exposure to reduced blood flow in XXXX : a computerized study using radioisotopes.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic matrix, platelet accumulation', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low blood circulation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Growth of embryonic @entity1573 sternal chondrocytes in the presence of @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a potent @entity5 promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in @entity4515 -treated cells. Activation of type I @entity10821 genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of @entity4515 -treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from @entity4515 after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I @entity10821 thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) @entity10821 mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) @entity10821 mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the @entity4515 -mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

title: XXXX expression in embryonic @entity1573 chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

answer: @entity10821 :: (396340(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['Collagen']


abstract: Growth of embryonic @entity1573 sternal chondrocytes in the presence of @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a potent @entity5 promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in @entity4515 -treated cells. Activation of type I @entity10821 genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of @entity4515 -treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from @entity4515 after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I @entity10821 thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) @entity10821 mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) @entity10821 mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the @entity4515 -mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

title: @entity10821 expression in embryonic XXXX chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) is characterized by a tendency for recurrence and capacity for progression. Intravesical instillation therapy has been employed in various clinical settings, which are summarized within this review. Several chemotherapeutic agents have shown clinical efficacy in reducing recurrence rates in the post-transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) setting, including @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), @entity632 , and @entity1259 . Mounting evidence also supports the use of intravesical @entity1139 following nephroureterectomy to reduce later urothelial bladder recurrence. In the adjuvant setting, bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) immunotherapy is an established first-line agent in the management of @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) and high-grade non muscle invasive @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Among high and intermediate-risk @entity1 (based on @entity5 grade, size, and focality) improvements in disease-free intervals have been seen with adjunctive administration of @entity1139 prior to scheduled BCG dosing. Following failure of first-line intravesical therapy, @entity136 and @entity17930 have demonstrated modest activity, though @entity17930 remains the only agent currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of BCG-refractory @entity2735 . Techniques to optimize intravesical chemotherapy delivery have also been explored including pharmacokinetic methods such as urinary alkalization and @entity2700 . Chemohyperthermia and electromotive instillation have been associated with improved freedom from recurrence intervals but may be associated with increased urinary @entity137 . Improvements in therapeutic selection may be heralded by novel opportunities for genomic profiling and refinements in clinical risk stratification.

title: Intravesical chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary dehydration']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity17930 :: ('MESH:C016163', 'Chemical') :: ['valrubicin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) (family: Poaceae), an aromatic plant commonly known as "Vetiver" has been used for various ailments. Concerning the various ailments being listed as the traditional uses of VZ, no mention about @entity148 and memory was found. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the anxiolytic and memory enhancing activity of ethanolic extract of V. zizanioides (EEVZ) dried roots in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Activity of EEVZ was assessed using models of @entity148 (elevated plus-maze [EPM], light/dark test, hole board test, marble-burying test) and learning and memory (EPM, passive shock avoidance paradigm). RESULTS: EEVZ at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w. illustrated significant anxiolytic activity indicated by increase in time spent and number of entries in open arm, time spent in lightened area, number of head poking and number marble buried when compared to that of @entity3175 (1 mg/kg b.w.), a reference standard. The same treatment showed a significant decrease in transfer latency to reach open arm, shock-free zone, and number of mistakes when compared to that of @entity5591 (0.3 mg/kg b.w.). EEVZ in all the doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w.) significantly decreased mortality in @entity11495 (250 mg/kg b.w.) induced @entity519 and also significantly increases contraction induced by @entity934 on @entity35 ileum preparation. CONCLUSION: The result emanated in the present investigation revealed EEVZ possesses significant anxiolytic and nootropic activity by possibly interplaying with neurotransmitters implicated in @entity4207 .

title: Anxiolytic and nootropic activity of Vetiveria zizanioides roots in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety and learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is one of the emerging epidemics. Regular clinical and biochemical monitoring of @entity1 , adherence to treatment and counseling are cornerstones for prevention of complications. Clinical audits as a process of improving quality of @entity1 care and outcomes by reviewing care against specific criteria and then reviewing the change can help in optimizing care. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to audit the process of @entity6 care using @entity1 records and also to assess the effect of audit on process of care indicators among @entity1 availing @entity6 care from a rural health and training center in Puducherry, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A record based study was conducted to audit @entity6 care among @entity1 attending noncommunicable disease clinic in a rural health center of South India. Monitoring of blood pressure (BP), blood @entity413 , lipid profile and renal function test were considered for auditing in accordance with standard guidelines. Clinical audit cycle (CAC), a simple management tool was applied and re-audit was done after 1-year. RESULTS: We reviewed 156 and 180 @entity1 records during year-1 and year-2, respectively. In the audit year-1, out of 156 @entity1 , 78 (50%), 70 (44.9%), 49 (31.4%) and 19 (12.2%) had got their BP, blood @entity413 , lipid profile and renal function tests done. Monitoring of blood @entity413 , BP, lipid profile and renal function improved significantly by 35%, 20.7%, 36.4% and 56.1% over 1-year. CONCLUSION: CAC improves process of @entity6 care in a primary care setting with existing resources.

title: Does audit improve XXXX care in a primary care setting? A management tool to address health system gaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The accidental release of @entity36419 (MIC) in Bhopal, India, was reportedly responsible for the deaths of more than 2,000 @entity1 . To study the pathology of acute inhalation exposure to MIC, the tissues of male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 were evaluated immediately after a single 2-hr exposure to 0, 3, 10, or 30 ppm MIC, and through day 91. Early gross pathologic changes in the 30 ppm-exposed @entity35 included a reddish white encrustation around the mouth and nose, a small thymus, and distension of the gastrointestinal tract with gas. Lungs (middle and median lobes) showed consolidation and @entity548 and failed to deflate when the chest cavity was opened. Microscopic changes in the upper respiratory tract 3 hr after exposure included marked @entity4838 and respiratory epithelia from the basement membrane with accumulation of serofibrinous fluid. On day 1, acute @entity32 and fibrinopurulent exudate partially blocked the nasal passages. Epithelial cells had sloughed from the nasopharynx, @entity825 , bronchi, and major bronchioles, leaving the basement membrane covered with fibrin and exudate. @entity32 and intraluminal @entity82 of the airways were observed by day 3, with increased intraluminal @entity82 by day 7. Lower airways became blocked by exfoliated cells, mucous plugs, and/or intraluminal @entity82 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-hour XXXX inhalation exposure and 91-day recovery: a preliminary description of pathologic changes in F344 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['erosion and separation of olfactory']

entities_list: @entity36419 :: ('MESH:C008461', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl isocyanate']

answer: @entity36419 :: (MESH:C008461,Chemical) :: ['methyl isocyanate']


abstract: The accidental release of @entity36419 (MIC) in Bhopal, India, was reportedly responsible for the deaths of more than 2,000 @entity1 . To study the pathology of acute inhalation exposure to MIC, the tissues of male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 were evaluated immediately after a single 2-hr exposure to 0, 3, 10, or 30 ppm MIC, and through day 91. Early gross pathologic changes in the 30 ppm-exposed @entity35 included a reddish white encrustation around the mouth and nose, a small thymus, and distension of the gastrointestinal tract with gas. Lungs (middle and median lobes) showed consolidation and @entity548 and failed to deflate when the chest cavity was opened. Microscopic changes in the upper respiratory tract 3 hr after exposure included marked @entity4838 and respiratory epithelia from the basement membrane with accumulation of serofibrinous fluid. On day 1, acute @entity32 and fibrinopurulent exudate partially blocked the nasal passages. Epithelial cells had sloughed from the nasopharynx, @entity825 , bronchi, and major bronchioles, leaving the basement membrane covered with fibrin and exudate. @entity32 and intraluminal @entity82 of the airways were observed by day 3, with increased intraluminal @entity82 by day 7. Lower airways became blocked by exfoliated cells, mucous plugs, and/or intraluminal @entity82 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Two-hour @entity36419 inhalation exposure and 91-day recovery: a preliminary description of pathologic changes in F344 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Millions of disadvantaged youth and returning veterans are enrolled in community colleges. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of @entity146 and help-seeking behaviors among community college students. METHODS: Veterans (n=211) and non-veterans (n=554) were recruited from 11 community colleges and administered screeners for @entity308 (PHQ-9), generalized @entity148 (GAD-7), @entity1005 (PC- @entity1005 ), non-lethal self-injury, suicide ideation and suicide intent. The survey also asked about the perceived need for, barriers to and utilization of services. Regression analysis was used to compare prevalence between non-veterans and veterans adjusting for non-modifiable factors (age, gender and race/ethnicity). RESULTS: A large proportion of student veterans and non-veterans screened positive and unadjusted bivariate comparisons indicated that student veterans had a significantly higher prevalence of positive @entity308 screens (33.1% versus 19.5%, P<.01), positive @entity1005 screens (25.7% versus 12.6%, P<.01) and suicide ideation (19.2% versus 10.6%, P=.01). Adjusting for age, gender and race/ethnicity, veterans were significantly more likely than non-veterans to screen positive for @entity308 (OR=2.10, P=.01) and suicide ideation (OR=2.31, P=.03). Student veterans had significantly higher odds of perceiving a need for treatment than non-veterans (OR=1.93, P=.02) but were more likely to perceive stigma (beta=0.28, P=.02). Despite greater need among veterans, there were no significant differences between veterans and non-veterans in use of psychotropic medications, although veterans were more likely to receive psychotherapy (OR=2.35, P=.046). CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the substantial gap between the prevalence of probable @entity146 and treatment seeking among community college students. Interventions are needed to link community college students to services, especially for student veterans.

title: Prevalence of probable XXXX and help-seeking behaviors among veteran and non-veteran community college students.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental health disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine in the field may set the stage for a changing landscape of @entity5163 affecting @entity1 worldwide. Norovirus and rotavirus are the two major viral enteropathogens of childhood. This study describes the prevalence of norovirus and rotavirus 2 years after widespread rotavirus vaccination in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Stool samples from hospitalized @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity697 ) and outpatients aged 5-24 months without @entity697 were recruited from an urban hospital serving Bolivia's third largest city. Both viruses were genotyped, and norovirus GII.4 was further sequenced. Norovirus was found much more frequently than rotavirus. Norovirus was detected in 69/201 (34.3%) of specimens from @entity1 with @entity697 and 13/71 (18.3%) of those without @entity294 . Rotavirus was detected in 38/201 (18.9%) of diarrheal specimens and 3/71 (4.2%) of non-diarrheal specimens. Norovirus GII was identified in 97.8% of norovirus-positive samples; GII.4 was the most common genotype (71.4% of typed specimens). Rotavirus G3P[8] was the most prevalent rotavirus genotype (44.0% of typed specimens) and G2P[4] was second most prevalent (16.0% of typed specimens). This community is likely part of a trend toward norovirus predominance over rotavirus in @entity1 after widespread vaccination against rotavirus.

title: Burden of Norovirus and Rotavirus in XXXX after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'AGE']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the differences in the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) with differing @entity428 ( @entity428 ) values. METHODS: 40 @entity1 (11 males) with NTG (age 61.1 (11.5)) were included in the prospective study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), non-invasive @entity428 , @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and confocal laser scanning tomography for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) structural parameters were assessed. Non-invasive @entity428 was measured using a novel two-depth Transcranial Doppler device. @entity450 was measured using colour Doppler imaging in the @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity428 >=  and <8.3   mm   Hg, based on the statistical median of @entity428 . p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 with NTG had mean @entity428 8.8 (2.5) mm   Hg, IOP 13.6 (2.1) mm   Hg, @entity1781 size 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), NRA 1.2 (0.4) mm(2). Lower @entity428 was correlated with decreased NRA (r=0.51, p=0.001). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 (N=20) had significantly lower NRA 1.0 (0.3) mm(2), than @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (N=20) 1.3 (0.3) mm(2), p=0.002, although there were no significant differences in @entity1781 size (accordingly, 2.2 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), p=0.55) and IOP (accordingly, 13.5 (2.4) and 13.7 (1.8) mm   Hg, p=0.58). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 had significantly lower @entity432 blood flow velocities (peak systolic volume (PSV) 28.7 (8.0), end-diastolic volume (EDV) 6.9 (3.0) cm/s), compared with @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (PSV 35.5 (10.2), EDV 9.4 (4.1) cm/s), p<0.04. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 have decreased neuroretinal rim area and @entity432 blood flow parameters compared with @entity1 having higher @entity428 . Further longitudinal studies are needed to analyse the involvement of @entity428 in NTG management.

title: Neuroretinal rim area and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with normal-tension XXXX with differing intracranial pressures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['lower ICP', 'ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['RBF', 'retrobulbar blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OND', 'optic nerve disc']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'ophthalmic artery']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the differences in the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) with differing @entity428 ( @entity428 ) values. METHODS: 40 @entity1 (11 males) with NTG (age 61.1 (11.5)) were included in the prospective study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), non-invasive @entity428 , @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and confocal laser scanning tomography for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) structural parameters were assessed. Non-invasive @entity428 was measured using a novel two-depth Transcranial Doppler device. @entity450 was measured using colour Doppler imaging in the @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity428 >=  and <8.3   mm   Hg, based on the statistical median of @entity428 . p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 with NTG had mean @entity428 8.8 (2.5) mm   Hg, IOP 13.6 (2.1) mm   Hg, @entity1781 size 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), NRA 1.2 (0.4) mm(2). Lower @entity428 was correlated with decreased NRA (r=0.51, p=0.001). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 (N=20) had significantly lower NRA 1.0 (0.3) mm(2), than @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (N=20) 1.3 (0.3) mm(2), p=0.002, although there were no significant differences in @entity1781 size (accordingly, 2.2 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), p=0.55) and IOP (accordingly, 13.5 (2.4) and 13.7 (1.8) mm   Hg, p=0.58). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 had significantly lower @entity432 blood flow velocities (peak systolic volume (PSV) 28.7 (8.0), end-diastolic volume (EDV) 6.9 (3.0) cm/s), compared with @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (PSV 35.5 (10.2), EDV 9.4 (4.1) cm/s), p<0.04. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 have decreased neuroretinal rim area and @entity432 blood flow parameters compared with @entity1 having higher @entity428 . Further longitudinal studies are needed to analyse the involvement of @entity428 in NTG management.

title: Neuroretinal rim area and ocular haemodynamic parameters in XXXX with normal-tension @entity726 with differing intracranial pressures.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An @entity302 was induced in @entity35 by injection of @entity116 toxin (approximately 10 @entity19 LD50) unilaterally into the hippocampus. Continuous EEG records were obtained from implanted hippocampal electrodes for periods of 4-7 weeks in 14 @entity35 . In a pilot study of two of these @entity35 , three more recording electrodes were placed in other brain areas. Six of the @entity35 (including the latter two) were simultaneously filmed using time-lapse videorecording, and the relationships between EEG events and overt motor fits were assessed using a split-screen video monitoring system. Characteristic peaks and troughs in the numbers of overt fits occurring each day were noted in all the @entity35 that were filmed, and less marked peaks occurred in the numbers of hippocampal @entity410 discharges. At the start of the syndrome, @entity410 discharges occurred without accompanying fits; then overt fits occurred with some of the discharges; later the animals stopped having fits but @entity410 discharges continued to occur alone for several weeks. Fits only occurred with longer @entity410 discharges (more than approximately 30 s), but not all longer @entity410 were associated with fits. Whether or not a hippocampal @entity410 discharge leads to a motor fit appears to depend not on the nature of the electrical activity in the hippocampus but probably on the properties of areas, such as the cingulate gyrus, to which the @entity410 activity may spread. Large @entity302 occurred throughout the syndrome, and their frequency was often increased for some minutes after a @entity410 discharge. While there was an overall correlation between the number of fits and the number of @entity410 discharges occurring during the entire syndrome, within relatively brief periods this relation was not consistent. The occurrence of motor fits was often associated with a decrease in @entity410 discharge frequency. In the four @entity35 with bilateral electrodes, some independent EEG activity was observed in the uninjected hippocampus.

title: @entity302 induced by XXXX toxin: a longitudinal electroencephalographic study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptiform syndrome', 'epileptiform spikes']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: An @entity302 was induced in @entity35 by injection of @entity116 toxin (approximately 10 @entity19 LD50) unilaterally into the hippocampus. Continuous EEG records were obtained from implanted hippocampal electrodes for periods of 4-7 weeks in 14 @entity35 . In a pilot study of two of these @entity35 , three more recording electrodes were placed in other brain areas. Six of the @entity35 (including the latter two) were simultaneously filmed using time-lapse videorecording, and the relationships between EEG events and overt motor fits were assessed using a split-screen video monitoring system. Characteristic peaks and troughs in the numbers of overt fits occurring each day were noted in all the @entity35 that were filmed, and less marked peaks occurred in the numbers of hippocampal @entity410 discharges. At the start of the syndrome, @entity410 discharges occurred without accompanying fits; then overt fits occurred with some of the discharges; later the animals stopped having fits but @entity410 discharges continued to occur alone for several weeks. Fits only occurred with longer @entity410 discharges (more than approximately 30 s), but not all longer @entity410 were associated with fits. Whether or not a hippocampal @entity410 discharge leads to a motor fit appears to depend not on the nature of the electrical activity in the hippocampus but probably on the properties of areas, such as the cingulate gyrus, to which the @entity410 activity may spread. Large @entity302 occurred throughout the syndrome, and their frequency was often increased for some minutes after a @entity410 discharge. While there was an overall correlation between the number of fits and the number of @entity410 discharges occurring during the entire syndrome, within relatively brief periods this relation was not consistent. The occurrence of motor fits was often associated with a decrease in @entity410 discharge frequency. In the four @entity35 with bilateral electrodes, some independent EEG activity was observed in the uninjected hippocampus.

title: XXXX induced by @entity116 toxin: a longitudinal electroencephalographic study.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Limbic epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Oncotype DX (ODX) is a @entity5 gene-profiling test that aids in adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making. ODX has the potential to improve quality of care; however, if not equally accessible across racial groups, disparities in @entity5 care quality may persist or worsen. We examined racial disparities in ODX testing uptake. METHODS: We used data from the Carolina @entity0 Study, phase III, a longitudinal, population-based study of 2,998 North Carolina @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity0 between 2008 and 2014. Our primary analysis used modified Poisson regression to determine the association between race and whether ODX testing was ordered among two strata: node-negative and @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 1,468 @entity1 with @entity172 receptor-positive, @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative, stage I or II @entity0 met inclusion criteria. Black @entity1 had higher-grade and larger @entity5 , more comorbidities, younger age at diagnosis, and lower socioeconomic status than non-black @entity1 . Overall, 42% of @entity1 had ODX test results in their pathology reports. Compared with those who did not receive ODX testing, @entity1 who received ODX testing tended to be younger and have medium @entity5 size and grade. Our regression analyses indicated no racial disparities in ODX uptake among node-negative @entity1 . However, racial differences were detected among node-positive @entity1 , with black @entity1 being 46% less likely to receive ODX testing than non-black @entity1 (adjusted relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.84; P = .006). CONCLUSION: We did not find racial disparities in ODX testing for node-negative @entity1 for whom ODX testing is guideline recommended and widely covered by insurers. However, our findings suggest that a newer, non-guideline-concordant application of ODX testing for @entity0 was accessed less by black @entity1 than by non-black @entity1 , reflecting more guideline concordant care among black @entity1 .

title: Racial Variation in the Uptake of Oncotype DX Testing for Early-Stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: The case history is documented of a young competitive athlete known to have the electrocardiographic pattern of the @entity3153 , but considered asymptomatic. On that basis competitive sport was not proscribed. In retrospect, he had experienced occasional @entity591 which were of short duration and ended spontaneously. He never requested medical advice. The @entity1 was first admitted for an attack of rapid heart beating which did not readily subside. He was medicated with @entity33607 and left the hospital in stable condition. He died suddenly 10 days after discharge. Autopsy examination of the heart revealed an accessory atrioventricular connection in the posterior septal region. The case history underlines that in some @entity1 with the @entity3153 the clinical manifestation can be minimal and may be easily ignored by the @entity1 . In retrospect, benign episodes of rapid heart beating most likely were due to a circus @entity591 , related to an accessory atrioventricular connection. The @entity944 can be attributed to @entity955 with rapid ventricular response via the anomalous connection, despite medical treatment. The observation endorses the potential danger of the @entity3153 in @entity1 with minimal clinical manifestations. A meticulous histologic study of the @entity713 in hearts of young athletes with @entity944 is a necessity.

title: @entity944 in a young competitive athlete with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'sudden and unexplained death']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular junction']

entities_list: @entity33607 :: ('MESH:D011219', 'Chemical') :: ['prajmalium']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardias', 'movement tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: The case history is documented of a young competitive athlete known to have the electrocardiographic pattern of the @entity3153 , but considered asymptomatic. On that basis competitive sport was not proscribed. In retrospect, he had experienced occasional @entity591 which were of short duration and ended spontaneously. He never requested medical advice. The @entity1 was first admitted for an attack of rapid heart beating which did not readily subside. He was medicated with @entity33607 and left the hospital in stable condition. He died suddenly 10 days after discharge. Autopsy examination of the heart revealed an accessory atrioventricular connection in the posterior septal region. The case history underlines that in some @entity1 with the @entity3153 the clinical manifestation can be minimal and may be easily ignored by the @entity1 . In retrospect, benign episodes of rapid heart beating most likely were due to a circus @entity591 , related to an accessory atrioventricular connection. The @entity944 can be attributed to @entity955 with rapid ventricular response via the anomalous connection, despite medical treatment. The observation endorses the potential danger of the @entity3153 in @entity1 with minimal clinical manifestations. A meticulous histologic study of the @entity713 in hearts of young athletes with @entity944 is a necessity.

title: XXXX in a young competitive athlete with @entity3153 .

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is demonstrated in 40% of @entity1 after adenotonsillectomy. We previously evaluated the basis of management decisions in @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 and found that 61% of decisions were non-evidence based. The aim of this study was to identify gaps in evidence for the management of @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: We recorded all real-time decisions made by pediatric subspecialists from eight disciplines that participated in an upper airway clinic and management conferences. Practitioners were immediately queried regarding the basis of their decisions, and non-evidence-based decisions were categorized. RESULTS: During 10 case conferences and five clinics, 507 decisions were made for 63 @entity1 (43% with Down syndrome, 20% with Pierre Robin sequence). The 309 non-evidence-based decisions most commonly pertained to follow-up timing and appropriate subspecialty clinic location (116/309, 38%) as well as timing for repeat polysomnography (35/309, 11%), especially in @entity1 at high risk for persistent @entity27 after treatment. Additional gaps identified included the likelihood of @entity27 improvement from @entity353 , and effectiveness of sleep surgical procedures (i.e., lingual tonsillectomy, posterior midline glossectomy, and craniofacial surgery) alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Identified gaps in evidence included timing and location of follow-up, appropriate use of polysomnography for surveillance, effectiveness of specific surgical procedures performed alone and in combination, and the use of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in @entity1 with Down syndrome. We also found a need for studies to compare the effectiveness of these treatment options in diverse @entity1 populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Gaps in evidence: Management of XXXX without @entity1184 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'Persistent obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['pediatric obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is demonstrated in 40% of @entity1 after adenotonsillectomy. We previously evaluated the basis of management decisions in @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 and found that 61% of decisions were non-evidence based. The aim of this study was to identify gaps in evidence for the management of @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: We recorded all real-time decisions made by pediatric subspecialists from eight disciplines that participated in an upper airway clinic and management conferences. Practitioners were immediately queried regarding the basis of their decisions, and non-evidence-based decisions were categorized. RESULTS: During 10 case conferences and five clinics, 507 decisions were made for 63 @entity1 (43% with Down syndrome, 20% with Pierre Robin sequence). The 309 non-evidence-based decisions most commonly pertained to follow-up timing and appropriate subspecialty clinic location (116/309, 38%) as well as timing for repeat polysomnography (35/309, 11%), especially in @entity1 at high risk for persistent @entity27 after treatment. Additional gaps identified included the likelihood of @entity27 improvement from @entity353 , and effectiveness of sleep surgical procedures (i.e., lingual tonsillectomy, posterior midline glossectomy, and craniofacial surgery) alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Identified gaps in evidence included timing and location of follow-up, appropriate use of polysomnography for surveillance, effectiveness of specific surgical procedures performed alone and in combination, and the use of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in @entity1 with Down syndrome. We also found a need for studies to compare the effectiveness of these treatment options in diverse @entity1 populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Gaps in evidence: Management of @entity27 without XXXX .

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['tonsillar hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Covering insertion sites with @entity1216 impregnated dressings has been proven to be clinically effective in reducing catheter related blood stream infections (CR-BSI). Two @entity5164 ( @entity5165 )-impregnated dressings are commercially available, a @entity2636 foam disk and a film dressing containing a @entity5164 -impregnated gel pad. While both have demonstrated efficacy in clinical settings, the major drawback of high cost and impaired IV insertion site visibility limits their usage. A new, simple film dressing containing @entity5165 within its adhesive layer is now available. The objective of this study was to test the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of the new dressing in comparison to the @entity5165 -impregnated gel dressing. METHODS: Quantitative aliquots of suspensions (concentration of 1.0x106 to 5.0x106 cfu/sample) of clinically relevant challenge organisms (Staphylococcus species, gram-negative bacilli, @entity5132 ) were incubated in contact with the new @entity5165 -containing film dressing, a placebo version of the same (negative control) and the commercially available @entity5165 -impregnated gel dressing (positive control). Serial dilutions of the surviving organisms were quantified using the pour plate after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of incubation in order to calculate an antimicrobial log10 reduction for each organism/dressing combination at each point in time. RESULTS: The new @entity5165 -containing film dressing delivered greater than 5.0 log10 reduction throughout the 7 days on all aerobic gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus species tested. As of day 1 the @entity5165 -containing film dressing provided greater than 5.0 log10 reduction on @entity5132 . There were no statistically significant differences in the log10 reduction between the two dressings tested. CONCLUSION: The new @entity5165 -containing film dressing was found to be as effective as the @entity5164 -impregnated gel dressing on clinically relevant microbes.

title: Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Vascular Access Film Dressing Containing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity5164 :: (MESH:C010882,Chemical) :: ['Chlorhexidine Gluconate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individual cages represent a widely used housing condition in laboratories. This isolation represents an impoverished physical and social environment in gregarious animals. It prevents animals from socializing, even when auditory and visual contact is maintained. Zebra finches are colonial songbirds that are widely used as laboratory animals for the study of vocal communication from brain to behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of single housing on the vocal behavior and the brain activity of male zebra finches ( @entity12128 ): male birds housed in individual cages were compared to freely interacting male birds housed as a social group in a communal cage. We focused on the activity of septo-hypothalamic regions of the "social behavior network" (SBN), a set of limbic regions involved in several social behaviors in vertebrates. The activity of four structures of the SBN (BSTm, medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; POM, medial preoptic area; lateral septum; ventromedial hypothalamus) and one associated region (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) was assessed using immunoreactive nuclei density of the immediate early gene @entity52865 ( @entity52865 ). We further assessed the identity of active cell populations by labeling @entity10063 (VT). Brain activity was related to behavioral activities of birds like physical and vocal interactions. We showed that individual housing modifies vocal exchanges between birds compared to communal housing. This is of particular importance in the @entity12128 , a model species for the study of vocal communication. In addition, a protocol that daily removes one or two birds from the group affects differently male zebra finches depending of their housing conditions: while communally-housed males changed their vocal output, brains of individually housed males show increased @entity52865 labeling in non-VT cells of the BSTm and enhanced correlation of @entity52865 -revealed activity between the studied structures. These results show that housing conditions must gain some attention in @entity146 protocols.

title: Housing conditions and sacrifice protocol affect neural activity and vocal behavior in a songbird species, the XXXX ( @entity12128 ).

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['vasotocin']

entities_list: @entity12128 :: ('59729', 'Species') :: ['Taeniopygia guttata', 'zebra finch']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral neuroscience']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individual cages represent a widely used housing condition in laboratories. This isolation represents an impoverished physical and social environment in gregarious animals. It prevents animals from socializing, even when auditory and visual contact is maintained. Zebra finches are colonial songbirds that are widely used as laboratory animals for the study of vocal communication from brain to behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of single housing on the vocal behavior and the brain activity of male zebra finches ( @entity12128 ): male birds housed in individual cages were compared to freely interacting male birds housed as a social group in a communal cage. We focused on the activity of septo-hypothalamic regions of the "social behavior network" (SBN), a set of limbic regions involved in several social behaviors in vertebrates. The activity of four structures of the SBN (BSTm, medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; POM, medial preoptic area; lateral septum; ventromedial hypothalamus) and one associated region (paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) was assessed using immunoreactive nuclei density of the immediate early gene @entity52865 ( @entity52865 ). We further assessed the identity of active cell populations by labeling @entity10063 (VT). Brain activity was related to behavioral activities of birds like physical and vocal interactions. We showed that individual housing modifies vocal exchanges between birds compared to communal housing. This is of particular importance in the @entity12128 , a model species for the study of vocal communication. In addition, a protocol that daily removes one or two birds from the group affects differently male zebra finches depending of their housing conditions: while communally-housed males changed their vocal output, brains of individually housed males show increased @entity52865 labeling in non-VT cells of the BSTm and enhanced correlation of @entity52865 -revealed activity between the studied structures. These results show that housing conditions must gain some attention in @entity146 protocols.

title: Housing conditions and sacrifice protocol affect neural activity and vocal behavior in a songbird species, the @entity12128 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['Taeniopygia guttata']


abstract: The in vitro effects of ovine PRL (oPRL) on testicular @entity251 synthesis were determined using isolated, collagenase-dispersed, adult @entity35 Leydig cells in culture. oPRL (50-1000 ng/ml) had no effect either on basal or on LH (50, 100 or 2000 pg/ml)-stimulated @entity251 secretion by Leydig cells in short-term culture (4 h). 125I-oPRL binding studies revealed a single class of high affinity sites (Ka 8.7 nM) with a low capacity (Bmax 6.7 fmol/mg protein identical to approximately 980 sites/Leydig cell). Isolated Leydig cells were further purified on a continuous Percoll gradient and cultured in serum-free medium, at 34 degrees C, in 5% @entity515 and 95% air. After 3 days of culture, the media were collected, the cells washed and then stimulated with hCG (3 ng/ml) for 3 h. oPRL (1-1000 ng/ml) added at plating, caused a log dose-dependent inhibition of @entity251 accumulation during the 3-day culture period; the highest and most consistent inhibition (31%) was with 500 ng/ml oPRL. hCG increased the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of PRL, 10 ng/ml oPRL causing 40% inhibition and 100 ng/ml causing a maximal inhibition of 50%. PRL in fact caused a reduction in the maximal effect (efficacy) of hCG on steroidogenesis, without significantly affecting the ED50 (sensitivity). The effects of an antiPRL receptor antibody raised by the antiidiotypic route and previously shown to bind to @entity35 testis PRL receptors were tested. The antiPRL receptor IgG (13 micrograms/ml) mimicked the PRL inhibitory effect and acted synergistically with PRL (100 ng/ml) in inhibiting both @entity251 accumulation in 3-day cultured Leydig cells and their subsequent response to hCG. In summary, a clear inhibitory effect of PRL and a synergistic effect of antiPRL receptor antibody were demonstrated on @entity251 synthesis by @entity35 Leydig cells in 3-day culture.

title: Prolactin and antiprolactin receptor antibody inhibit steroidogenesis by purified XXXX Leydig cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare long-term outcomes of 2 groups of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 -1 managed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and a comparable group managed medically. METHODS: The present study was a single-institution retrospective study. Of the 173 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 undergoing gastric bypass surgery between January 2000 and July 2004, 78 @entity1 (45%) were followed for at least 10 years. The control group consisted of 80 @entity6 @entity1 from the same period with similar body mass index, age, race, and severity of @entity6 . The median follow-up was 11 years for both the groups. RESULTS: The group undergoing gastric bypass surgery had greater percentage of excess @entity353 than the control group-66% versus -1.6%, respectively. Forty-one @entity1 (52.6%) in the surgery group had complete remission of @entity6 and 5 (6.4%) had partial remission. Twelve @entity1 (15.4%) had @entity6 recurrence after initial remission. No @entity1 in the control group had remission of @entity6 . Compared with the control group, the group undergoing gastric bypass surgery had a significantly reduced incidence of microvascular complications-46.3% versus 11.5%, and macrovascular complications-20.3% versus 5%, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that after 10 years of follow-up, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, compared with nonsurgical medical management, resulted in significantly greater @entity353 , reduction in hemoglobin A1c, and use of antidiabetic medications, and very importantly a lower incidence of both @entity532 in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Gastric Bypass Surgery Leads to Long-term Remission or Improvement of Type 2 @entity6 and Significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic obese', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular and macrovascular complications']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Decrease of Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare long-term outcomes of 2 groups of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 -1 managed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and a comparable group managed medically. METHODS: The present study was a single-institution retrospective study. Of the 173 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 undergoing gastric bypass surgery between January 2000 and July 2004, 78 @entity1 (45%) were followed for at least 10 years. The control group consisted of 80 @entity6 @entity1 from the same period with similar body mass index, age, race, and severity of @entity6 . The median follow-up was 11 years for both the groups. RESULTS: The group undergoing gastric bypass surgery had greater percentage of excess @entity353 than the control group-66% versus -1.6%, respectively. Forty-one @entity1 (52.6%) in the surgery group had complete remission of @entity6 and 5 (6.4%) had partial remission. Twelve @entity1 (15.4%) had @entity6 recurrence after initial remission. No @entity1 in the control group had remission of @entity6 . Compared with the control group, the group undergoing gastric bypass surgery had a significantly reduced incidence of microvascular complications-46.3% versus 11.5%, and macrovascular complications-20.3% versus 5%, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrated that after 10 years of follow-up, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, compared with nonsurgical medical management, resulted in significantly greater @entity353 , reduction in hemoglobin A1c, and use of antidiabetic medications, and very importantly a lower incidence of both @entity532 in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Gastric Bypass Surgery Leads to Long-term Remission or Improvement of Type 2 XXXX and Significant @entity532 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: We have induced @entity9584 in @entity19 to systemically administered drugs, specifically @entity10040 and @entity2644 . @entity19 were photosensitized to systemic @entity10040 or @entity2644 by i.p. administration of drug followed by UVB and UVA irradiation of shaved flank skin, on two consecutive days. Control @entity19 received i.p. drug with no irradiation. In some experiments @entity786 pretreatment, or intradermal Corynebacterium parvum ( @entity5478 ), was administered as an immunoadjuvant. All animals were photochallenged on day 5 with i.p. drug followed by UVA irradiation of one ear. @entity19 that had been previously immunized with drug and UV radiation developed @entity2169 and @entity5105 , evident 24 h after photochallenge, but not at 4 h. Control animals showed no reactions. In a typical experiment of photosensitization to systemic @entity10040 , the experimental group had a mean increase in ear thickness of 6.0 X 10(-2) mm 24 h after photochallenge, while unsensitized control animals showed a mean change of -0.8 X 10(-2) mm. The histopathology of the positive challenge reaction was characteristic of a @entity56 . Adoptive transfer of @entity9584 to systemic @entity10040 to naive recipients was accomplished by i.v. injection of lymph node cells (5 X 10(7) harvested from actively photosensitized donors. Clinical reports have suggested that exposure to systemic medications followed by sunlight can induce an eruption having a photoallergic basis. We now report the first experimental proof of that hypothesis. The @entity19 model should facilitate exploration of photoallergic mechanisms and, in addition, it provides the basis for a prospective test of systemic drugs for their photoallergenicity.

title: Experimental XXXX to systemic drugs.

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity9584 :: ('MESH:D017454', 'Disease') :: ['photoallergy']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear swelling']

entities_list: @entity10040 :: ('MESH:C036944', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfanilamide']

answer: @entity9584 :: (MESH:D017454,Disease) :: ['photoallergy']


abstract: @entity35 brain cortical neurons originate from germinal cells during a period of 6 days immediately before birth. Upon leaving the proliferative layer neurons become irreversibly quiescent. We have previously reported the presence of core histone nonallelic variants in terminally differentiated @entity35 brain cortical neurons. Although the functional significance of core histone variants is unknown, several lines of evidence suggest that the processes of variant replacement could be involved in the structural and functional differentiation of chromatin. Here we describe the changes in core histone composition that occur during postnatal development. The changes in chromatin composition are already apparent at birth, suggesting that the change in synthesis patterns is related to the arrest of cell proliferation and neuron commitment. During postnatal development @entity72223 , H2A.x, and H3.3 accumulate, whereas @entity72224 , H3.1, and H3.2 decrease. @entity72225 is the only variant that remains constant. The time courses of replacement and the observed variant proportions when the variant composition approaches the equilibrium suggest that all H2A variants are synthesized either in germinal cells or in neurons, whereas H3.1 and H3.2 seem to be synthesized only in germinal cells. The extent of the replacement of H3.1 and H3.2 by H3.3 shows that the exchange process affects most of the chromatin. The half-life times of @entity72224 and H3.2 were calculated from their respective exponential decays. Values of 65 days or less and 142 days were found for @entity72224 and H3.2, respectively. The preferential replacement of @entity72224 over H3.2 reinforces the view that the histone core does not degrade as a single unit.

title: Changes in histones H2A and H3 variant composition in differentiating and mature XXXX brain cortical neurons.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Blood samples were collected from 102 female prostitutes housed in a custodial care institution in Tamil Nadu, India, to determine the presence of antibodies to @entity1 @entity778 (HTLV-III). Both social and sexual histories were taken from 101 of the 102 @entity1 . Commercial test kits were used to test sera for antibody to HTLV-III. Reactive sera were tested for a 2nd time by the enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Those repeatedly reactive sera were transported to the US, the National Institutes of Health, for western blot analysis. The sera from 11 of the study subjects were found to be repeatedly reactive in ELISA, and 10 were confirmed to have specific antibody to the virus by western blot analysis. Both infected and uninfected @entity1 were similar in age and of low socioeconomic status. The risk ratio for HTLV-III antibody was 8.2 in those @entity1 who had had sexual exposure to foreigners. None of the @entity1 were intravenous drug abusers, and all denied oral or rectal intercourse. On the basis of the stringent criteria used in the western blot analysis, it is believed that the 10 @entity1 have HTLV-III antibody. This emerges as the 1st report of evidence for @entity778 in India. 10-40% of prostitutes in North America and Europe have HTLV-III antibody; the risk factors for @entity281 appear to be intravenous drug use and penis-rectal intercourse. 54-88% of prostitutes in Central Africa have HTLV-III antibody, and the frequency of sexual contact with different partners is more important here as a risk-factor than the type of intercourse. As the prostitutes in this study in Indian did not use intravenous drugs and did not practice penis-rectal or penis-oral intercourse and had been prostitutes for shorter periods of time than the noninfected @entity1 and had fewer contacts, it is believed that @entity778 has been introduced only recently into prostitutes in India. Sexual exposure to foreigners was a significant factor in the infected @entity1 .

title: Evidence for XXXX in prostitutes in Tamil Nadu (India).

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphotropic virus type III', 'HTLV-III infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['HTLV-III infection']


abstract: A liquid chromatographic (LC) multiresidue method for determining residues of @entity56487 insecticides in crops was collaboratively studied in 6 laboratories. @entity1042 and a mechanical ultrasonic homogenizer are used to extract the @entity9159 . Water-soluble plant coextractives and nonpolar plant lipid materials are removed from the @entity2961 residues by liquid-liquid partitioning. Additional crop coextractives (e.g., carotenes, @entity38 ) are removed with a Nuchar SN-silanized Celite column. The @entity2961 residues are then separated on a reverse phase LC column, using an @entity1626 -water gradient mobile phase. Eluted residues are detected by an in-line post-column fluorometric detection technique. Seven @entity9159 and 2 @entity2961 metabolites were included in the collaborative study. Each collaborator determined all the @entity9159 at 2 levels (approximately 0.05 ppm and United States tolerance) in blind duplicate samples of grapes and @entity415 . Fortified and control samples were analyzed. Repeatability coefficients of variation for all the @entity9159 on the 2 crops averaged 4.7% and ranged from 2.4 to 7.1%. Reproducibility coefficients of variation for all the @entity9159 on the 2 crops averaged 8.7% and ranged from 5.3 to 12.4%. Accuracy, measured by comparison with fortification values, averaged 95% and ranged from 79 to 103%. The estimated limit of quantitation is 0.01 ppm. The method has been adopted official first action.

title: Liquid chromatographic determination of XXXX insecticides and metabolites in crops. I. Collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity9159 :: ('MESH:D002219', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamates']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['Methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity56487 :: ('MESH:C020401', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methylcarbamate']

answer: @entity56487 :: (MESH:C020401,Chemical) :: ['N-methylcarbamate']


abstract: @entity1764 remains a serious complication of median sternotomy which requires prompt and aggressive surgical management. Debridement and closed irrigation has been the conventional mode of treatment. Failure to respond results in open drainage and @entity245 with its associated increased morbidity and mortality. Secondary closure with rectus @entity121 has been a marked advance in the treatment of these @entity1 . In an attempt to define guidelines for the treatment of @entity1764 complicating median sternotomy, a retrospective review of 2,400 cardiac surgical cases at St. Vincent's Hospital from 1977 through 1982 was performed. There were 25 cases (1%) of @entity1764 . Debridement and closed irrigation was successful in 16 @entity1 (64%) with an average postoperative hospital stay of 19 days. Failure resulted in open drainage in 2 @entity1 (8%) with an average hospital stay of 66 days and debridement and secondary closure by rectus @entity121 in 7 @entity1 (28%) with an average hospital stay of 28 days. There were no deaths in the entire series. Failure to respond to closed irrigation was not due to delay in diagnosis. The length of time between operation and the first sign of sternal dehiscence did not vary significantly. Sternal dissolution, the presence of anaerobic organisms, large volumes of purulent and necrotic material, however, were responsible for continued @entity1764 and further sternal dehiscence. Open irrigation and delayed closure with @entity121 should be reserved for these @entity1 and appears to decrease significantly morbidity and length of hospital stay. @entity954 and closed irrigation, however, remains the primary method of treatment of the less virulent forms of @entity1764 following median sternotomy.

title: Surgical management of infected median sternotomy: closed irrigation vs. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis', 'Mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical debridement']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle flaps']


abstract: Bone marrow and spleen cells obtained from female B6C3F1 @entity19 given a single i.p. exposure to @entity56778 (0.9 mg/kg), @entity10222 (12 mg/kg), or @entity13101 (12 mg/kg), were studied using flow cytometry, immunologic, and hematologic assays. Significant changes were detected in subpopulations of bone marrow cells using multiparameter flow cytometry within 1 day following treatment with @entity3409 or lead. Bone marrow cells obtained from B6C3F1 @entity19 5 days after treatment with @entity3409 or lead were found to have a decreased number of cells expressing @entity3804 , 55-7.2, 14.8, and @entity6689 antigens, suggesting a shift to immature cell types. An increase in the number of progenitor cells (CFU-C) obtained from the bone marrow of @entity19 treated with heavy metals was also noted 5 days after exposure to @entity3409 or lead. A time-dependent suppression of the in vitro primary humoral immune response of spleen cells to SRBCs, TNP-Ficoll and TNP- @entity558 was produced by @entity3409 or lead treatment. Suppression of the mitogenic response of spleen cells to Con A, @entity8990 , and @entity558 was also found to be time-dependent. Spleen cell surface marker expression ( @entity3804 , @entity6689 , @entity3414 and 14.8) was altered in response to @entity3409 or lead treatments, but these changes did not appear to correlate with the humoral immunity or mitogen-induced proliferation data. These studies demonstrate that changes in cell surface markers on discrete subpopulations of lymphoid cells present in the spleens of heavy metal exposed @entity19 may not correlate with alterations in the functional activity of these cells. However, changes in @entity19 bone marrow surface markers in response to @entity3409 or lead treatment predicts a shift to immature cell types, which appeared to correlate with the increase in CFU-C activity.

title: Analysis of heavy metal immunotoxicity by multiparameter flow cytometry: correlation of flow cytometry and immune function data in B6CF1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity56778 :: ('MESH:C028031', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium acetate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is being increasingly utilized for @entity418 . It is unclear if @entity3 if being safely performed with satisfactory outcomes across the USA. We aimed to analyze the short-term surgical outcomes of @entity3 as compared to open esophagectomy (OE). METHODS: The National @entity5 Database (NCDB) was queried for @entity1 who underwent @entity3 or OE for esophageal @entity5 between 2010 and 2011. Margin positivity, lymph node retrieval, 30-day mortality, 30-day unplanned readmission rate and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 4047 @entity1 were identified; 3050 (75.4%) underwent OE, and 997 (24.6%) underwent @entity3 . The proportion of @entity3 increased from 21.9% in 2010 to 27.4% in 2011 (p  <  0.001). The conversion rate was 13.7%. There were no differences in- @entity1 or @entity5 characteristics between the two cohorts. OE and @entity3 were comparable in terms of margin positive resection rate (7.4% vs. 8.1%, p  =  0.48), 30-day unplanned readmission rate (7.6% vs. 7.2%, p  =  0.64) and 30-day mortality rate (4.3% vs. 3.3%, p  =  0.71). Compared to OE, @entity3 was associated with higher node retrieval (median 12 vs 14, p  <  0.001), and shorter hospital stay (median 11.0 vs 10.0 days, p  <  0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that surgical approach (OE vs @entity3 ) was not associated with 30-day mortality rate. In an ANCOVA analysis, @entity3 was independently associated with a shorter hospital stay compared to OE (estimated mean difference 1.57      0.53 days, p  =  0.003). @entity3 @entity1 who underwent conversion had a longer hospital stay compared to those who did not (11.0 vs 10.0 days, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSION: @entity3 is being offered more frequently to @entity1 with @entity418 , and maybe accompanied with better short-term outcomes including shorter hospital stay when compared to open esophagectomy.

title: Nationwide analysis of short-term surgical outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['MIE', 'Minimally invasive esophagectomy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']